title: Microfluidic Reference Electrode for Use in BioFET Sensor Systems

contributor:
Selvaganapathy, P. R.
Deen, M. J.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
Biosensors, used in medical diagnostics, increasingly use genomic information (DNA) to rapidly and accurately determine the species present in the sample. Since, the DNA inherently has a negative charge, electrical methods provide a direct technique to sense it. This transduction has been achieved by using a biological Field-Effect-Transistor (BioFET) structure, where hybridization of a single stranded DNA (indicative of the biological species) with a complementary strand from the sample solution causes a change in the transistor characteristics that could be read out electrically. The accuracy of sensing using the BioFET is critically dependent on imposition of a highly stable potential which is performed using a reference electrode.

Design and fabrication of a miniaturized silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCI) reference electrode is introduced in this thesis for use in BioFET. The electrode consists of Ag/AgCl wire which is embedded into a PDMS microchannel enclosed by a microcontact printed nanoporous polycarbonate membrane. The microchannel is filled with KCI solution as the internal solution.

By modifying the electrodeposition method, nanosheet AgCI structure was grown rather than the conventional globular morphology. The bare Ag/AgCl potential drift with the former morphology was found to be

In conclusion, a modified electrodeposition method and free-diffusion liquid junction micro fluidic reference electrode is proposed to improve the stability and extend the lifetime of a reference electrode with very low potential drift.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Nd isotope delineation of Archean and Paleoproterozoic crustal terranes: Cryptic suturing and ensialic arc formation in the Parent-Clova region of south-central Quebec

contributor:
Dickin, Alan P.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
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One of the key components in the crustal evolution of the Canadian Shield was the -1.0 Ga Grenville orogeny, which resulted in major northwest directed thrusting of pre-Grenvillian crustal allochthons against the Laurentian foreland. This orogenic episode resulted in extensive metamorphism, terminal collisional uplift and subsequent erosion, such that current surface geology expresses mid- to deep- crustal components.

Originally distinguished from adjacent provinces in the Canadian Shield based on isotopic, structural and metamorphic signatures; the first-order crustal terranes of the Grenville Province in Quebec are primarily comprised of the relatively stationary (Archean - Paleoproterozoic) Parautochthonous Belt and the more laterally transported (Paleoproterozoic - Mesoproterozoic) Allochthonous Belts. Although a first-order crustal formation map for most of the Grenville has already been compiled, 50,000 km² of southcentral Quebec has remained unmapped, with weak constraints on boundary locations as

well as an overall lack of understanding of crustal mixing processes within the region.

Over 90 new Nd-isotope analyses provide crustal formation age constraints for granitoid orthogneisses from south central Quebec, and are used to delineate three principal crustal terranes, interpreted respectively as reworked Archean, a mixed ensialic arc, and juvenile Mesoproterozoic crust. The resistance of the Sm-Nd isotope system to metamorphic resetting has provided a reliable method to investigate the ages of these pre-Grenvillian terranes, as age of initial extraction from the mantle provides the best possible protolith indication.

Nd-isotope and major element analysis has indicated the presence of reworked Archean crust in the north, bounded by the ABT, and a juvenile Mesoproterozoic terrane to the south (Quebecia). A block of mixed ages, of possible ensialic arc origin, constitutes the central section and may overlie a diffuse cryptic Archean-Proterozoic boundary. The tectonic evolution of the region can be explained through a subduction flip model, in which a 1.5 Ga oceanic arc terrane became obliquely sutured onto the continental margin, resulting in a flip to north-dipping subduction under the new composite margin. This subduction flip caused ensialic arc formation in a 50 km wide zone subparallel to the ABT, which reworked Quebecia rocks through continental arc magmatism.

To the south of this region, back arc spreading within the ensialic arc led to the development of a rift zone that was filled by clastic and carbonate sedimentation, forming the Central Metasedimentary Belt. Some of these rocks were later thrust northwards over older crust during the Grenville Orogeny, forming the Cabonga Nappe complex. The extent of this terrane has also been further constrained by Nd isotope mapping in this study.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Merleau-Ponty's Understanding of Truth

contributor:
Madison, G. B.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
T'he question "What is truth?" which is as old as philosophy, often prompts groans, looks of exasperation and is often considered to be a banal, worn-out and, in some cases, an unanswerable Question. Old though the question may be, it still catches our interest no matter how many times our search for an answer has been fruitless Repeatedly, we try to find an answer to this question, knowing that the answer is of great significance.

In this thesis, I discuss Merleau-Ponty's new answer to this old question. Those looking for a clearcut discussion in his writings in which he examines truth explicitly and at length, will be disappointed. Instead, they will find throughout his writings, short discourses and statements about truth. In my thesis, I have attempted to pierce through Merleau-Ponty's various ways of describing truth to discover the kernel of his thought, to find what he understood truth to be and, also, to argue that Merleau-Ponty's understanding of truth was a departure from traditional ways of understanding truth.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy of Anisotropic Systems: techniques, analysis and applications

contributor:
Haugen, Harold
Preston, John
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: The method of terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) allows determination of the broadband electromagnetic response of materials over a typical spectral region of 0.3 to 3 THz. Past work in this field has generally been dominated by the investigation of isotropic materials and the significant potential of using THz-TDS to study anisotropic materials has generally be under utilized. This work encompasses several stages on the path to develop THz-TDS for anisotropic material studies. First, the design, construction and optimization of a high sensitivity THz-TDS polarimetry setup is shown. The extinction ratio between electromagnetic field components in this setup is on the order of 105:1, over two orders of magnitude better than the typical 103:1 found in previous studies. Birefringent and dichroic polymer and crystalline materials are then studied to show the utility of the polarimetric system when compared to typical THz-TDS systems. To further the goal of developing broadband THz optics, a method for designing and constructing achromatic waveplates is discussed. Using this method, a proof of concept waveplate is fabricated and shown to induce an ellipticity of at least 0.75 over the THz bandwidth of 0.75 to 2.25 THz. Discussion then shifts to the field of gas spectroscopy using THz-TDS, and the THz absorption spectra of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and acetone are measured. The measured water spectrum shows evidence for the formation of a tertramer of water molecules, which has a collective vibrational mode around 2.05 THz. The thesis concludes with a discussion of possibilities for measurements of circular dichroism using THz-TDS.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Stacking the Odds: Illusion of Control Influences Stimulus-Response Compatibility in a Discrete Motor Task

contributor:
Lyons, James
Kinesiology

subject: Kinesiology Kinesiology

abstract: The Illusion of Control (Langer, 1975) refers to individuals' misperceptions of control in chance situations. Little, however, is known regarding how illusions of control influence motor control and action planning. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the strength of the illusory control effect and, whether the strength of this effect influenced the degree to which traditional stimulus-response (S-R) associations were learned. Participants were required to make a series of virtual dice rolls by pressing on a force transducer. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: congruent, incongruent, and control. Groups differed on the basis ofthe S-R pairs presented. The congruent group was presented with hypothetically congruous S-R pairs (high force generation = high dice outcomes and vice versa) whereas the incongruent group was presented with the reversed S-R pairs. The control group was presented with arbitrary dice outcomes, independent of force generation. The primary measures of interest were Peak Force and Impulse. When individuals were presented with incongruous S-R pairings, or random dice outcomes, no differences were found in the maximum force exerted, regardless of the outcome requested (e.g. high or low). However, when congruous S-R pairs were presented, force generation was found to be higher when a high number was requested, while the opposite was observed when a low outcome was assigned. Results suggest that participants may use outcome dependent strategies when generating virtual dice rolls.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Evaluation of Combined Spectral Enhancement and Phase Adjustment in Hearing-Aids

contributor:
Bruce, Ian C.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
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Auditory nerve fibers in an ear with outer hair cell damage can be conceptualized as filters having a broadened frequency response area, a shallower phase response and a shorter group delay with respect to a healthy fiber, particularly at low stimulus presentation levels. As well, the presence of inner hair cell damage requires increased stimulus presentation levels for restoration of fiber discharge rates, which results in broad auditory filters with shallow phase response and short group delay. As a consequence, the discharge times in the impaired ear in response to a tone stimulus are more coincident across a population of fibers with a range of characteristic frequencies. This behaviour resembles the spatiotemporal response pattern in a healthy auditory periphery in response to loud stimuli and has been postulated as a potential correlate to loudness recruitment. Commercial hearing aids do not address any changes in the phase characteristics of impaired auditory nerve fibers.

The present study evaluates the potential for correction of the altered temporal p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.5px Times; color: #585858} p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.5px Times; color: #6f6f6f} span.s1 {color: #6f6f6f} span.s2 {color: #424242} span.s3 {color: #585858} span.s4 {font: 11.0px Times} span.s5 {font: 11.0px Times; color: #585858} span.s6 {font: 11.0px Times; color: #8d8d8d} span.s7 {color: #8d8d8d} span.s8 {font: 11.0px Times; color: #6f6f6f} span.s9 {font: 11.0px Times; color: #a1a1a1}

relationships in the neural firing pattern of the impaired ear by a hearing aid. An improved version of the spatiotemporal pattern correction (SPC) scheme (Shi et al., 2006) is presented, which measures the instantaneous difference in group delay between a bank of model healthy and impaired auditory nerve fibers and inserts the corresponding delays into an analysis-synthesis gammatone filterbank in t he hearing aid. Human testing of the original processing scheme showed that listeners preferred unprocessed sounds over processed sounds and that no systematic improvement in speech intelligibility was provided by the processed speech (Shi et al. , 2006; Calandruccio et al. , 2007). However, no computational analysis of t his scheme was reported and no attempts were made to restore synchrony to the formants of voiced speech in the neural response. To address this issue, the current work pre-processes SPC with an updated version of the multiband and improved, contrast-enhanced frequency shaping (MICEFS) algorithm (Harte et al. , 2006) to restore formant synchrony.

These processing schemes are evaluated with a computational model of the auditory p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.5px Times; color: #6f6f6f} p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.5px Times; color: #585858} span.s1 {color: #585858} span.s2 {color: #424242} span.s3 {color: #8d8d8d} span.s4 {color: #6f6f6f}

periphery (Zilany and Bruce, 2006, 2007) in response to a synthesized vowel for a

number of hearing loss types. Analysis indicates that SPC disrupts the spatiotemporal

response, but some synchrony can be preserved if the signal is pre-processed with

MICEFS and if the SPC delays are applied at the appropriate time. There are some technical problems associated with the processing scheme discovered in this study that remain unresolved. These include: i) a non-fiat frequency response through the analysis-synthesis filterbank due to changes in the relative temporal alignment of filterbank channels, ii) group delay corrections that are based on potentially incorrect frequencies due to the spread of synchrony in audit ory nerve responses, and iii) frequency modulations in the processed signal creat ed by the insertion of time-varying delays, which results in noise that is audible to normal listeners. Despite these issues, evaluation with an error metric derived from auditory nerve response cross-correlations shows that this processing scheme improves some features of the spatiotemporal response, even though it degrades others.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: A Novel Approach for the Coordination of Block Decentralized Model Predictive Control

contributor:
Marlin, T.E.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
In this thesis, a novel block decentralized MPC approach is implemented in order to coordinate the control of interacting process units (blocks) in a chemical plant. The goal of this research is to develop coordinated control that enables each block to optimize its own performance by adjusting only is manipulated variables while accounting for interactions among blocks.

A simultaneous algorithm, termed D-MPC, is proposed that replaces multiple optimizations (from several, interacting MPC controllers) with one set of equations, yielding a single-level optimization problem. Given the complexity of the resulting problem consisting of linear and complementarity equations, an efficient active set heuristic is proposed for real time computations. The approach is computationally tractable, yielding a small set of convex problems to be solved sequentially and providing reliable solutions with good dynamic performance for the cases studied.

Integrity is important for control designs, and generally, block designs with negative and zero Block Relative Gains (BRG) have poor integrity and cannot be controlled with published approaches. In contrast, the D-MPC approach successfully provides good integrity for processes with all BRG signs while maintaining the desired autonomy of each individual block.

The solution existence, uniqueness, and stability of the proposed controller are also discussed in order to delimit what kind of processes can be controlled using the proposed D-MPC controller. A simple D-MPC formulation is analyzed to demonstrate that specific ranges of controller tuning can lead to the loss· of nominal stability for negative BRG systems. Therefore, a step-wise D-MPC design procedure was developed that integrates a stability analysis first proposed for centralized MPC and successfully adapted for the D-MPC controller.

The dynamic performance and integrity demonstrated in case studies with all signs of BRG and sizes from 2x2 to 4x4 demonstrate the computational tractability, good dynamic performance of D-MPC controller designs developed with the design procedure and implemented with the heuristic algorithm.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Laser Interferometric Investigation of Microlayer Evaporation for Various Levels of Subcooling and Heat Flux

contributor:
Judd, Ross L.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract: An experimental study of the growth and evaporation of the microlayer, underlying a bubble during nucleate boiling heat transfer to dichloromethane, is presented. The influence of heat flux (8000 Btu/hr ft² - 20,000 Btu/hr ft²) and subcooling (0ºF - 13.5ºF) upon the rates of growth and evaporation, have been studied using laser interferometry and high speed photography through the glass heater surface on which bubbles were nucleated. The results presented indicate that the microlayer thickness is of the order of 5 μm. The analysis of these results confirms that the microlayer evaporation phenomenon is a significant heat transfer mechanism representing approximately 25% of the total nucleate boiling heat transfer rate for the conditions investigated. As subcooling is increased from saturation, the contribution of the microlayer evaporation to the total heat transfer rate varies in accordance with two interacting processes in the region investigated. This variation appears as an initial decrease followed by an increase.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Some De0terminants of Behaviour in Power Situations

contributor:
Garment, D.W.
Social Psychology

subject:
Social Psychology
Social Psychology

abstract:
The main objective of the present study was to investigate sex and cultural differences in the use of power and the way power is affected by personality-traits as well as by expectation about the other person. This investigation was carried out in two parts. The first part utilized a questionnaire and in the second part three laboratory experiments were conducted.

In the first part of the study a 3 x 2 matrix was used which gave the subjects the opportunity to give the other person more than, equal to or less than what they could have for themselves or to take for themselves more than, equal to or less than what they could give to the other person. Canadians, especially Canadian males, were found to give the other person more than what they could have for themselves and also to take more for themselves than what they could give to the other person as compared with Canadian females and Indians of both sexes.

In the second part of the study three experiments using a modified Prisoner's Dilemma Game were carried out which involved Canadian Ss (both males and females) only. In the first experiment, Ss denied those in a high power position more than those in a low power position. Females were also more "denying" than males. The second experiment investigated the effect of power reversal under conditions of 'Information' and 'No Information' about the switch. Ss denied more in the 'Information' than in the 'No Information' Condition' and 'Information' resulted in more 'denying' responses in the Ss before the switch whereas in 'No Information' Ss 'denying' responses increased considerably after the switch in power positions. The effects of machiavellianism and empathic tendency on the use of power were not found to be very great but the expectations about the other person's behaviour did affect responding for those in both the high power or low power positions.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Deformable Multi-Modality Image Registration Based on Finite Element Modeling and Moving Least Squares

contributor:
Shirani, Shahram
Sirouspour, Shahin
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
During the past two decades, there has been an increasing demand for medical image registration. Deformable image registration has a great importance, because the majority of the registration applications deal with the conditions in which the rigid assumption would not create accurate results. Soft tissue organs (e.g. liver, kidney, and prostate) can change in shape during an intervention. Therefore, a sophisticated registration essentially needs to take into account the geometrical deformations.

In this thesis, we study the problem of deformable liver image registration between Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Ultrasound (US) images of the liver. In our approach, a tracking system is proposed to acquire and rigidly register a 2D US image (Ius) with the previously taken MR volume. According to the information obtained from the tracking system, a 2D MR image (IMR) is reconstructed as the match of Ius. Mutual information is chosen as the similarity measure between the two modalities in our rigid registration problem. A search optimization problem on the registration parameters is then performed, to provide us with a fine tuned reconstructed IMR.

Our proposed strategy begins with visually identifying corresponding anatomical landmarks on Ius and IMR. These landmarks are the inputs of the two proposed methods of deformation in this thesis. The first method, Finite Element Modeling (FEM) approach, produces the deformed images based on the linear elasticity and the static analysis assumptions. This method uses the positions of landmarks to solve a linear system of equations, in order to generate the final deformations of the MR images. The second method of deformation is the Moving Least Squares (MLS). To the best of our knowledge, MLS has never been used in medical image registration. This technique analytically solves a number of least squares problems to find the local rigid transformations. Applying these local rigid transformations on the MR volume creates the deformations throughout the MR images.

In our experiments, Root Mean Square Target Registration Error (RMS TRE) is used as the quantitative measure for the evaluation of performance. FEM-based method produces the best result with an RMS TRE of 7.2mm, while MLS-based method creates an RMS TRE of 8.9mm. According to the literature, an accuracy of 7.2mm is acceptable for most intra-operative abdominal procedures, particularly those involving the liver. The drawback of FEM-based method is its higher computational complexity. Our implementation of the MLS-based method could be executed at least 20 times faster than that of the FEM-based method. Therefore, in applications, where the accuracy is critical, FEM-based method should be used. The MLS-based method is more suitable of the applications demanding higher speed or a parallel implementation of the FEM-based method can solve the computation speed problem.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Obedience, Disorder, and Grace in the Noah Mystery Plays

contributor:
Braswell, Laurel
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
This thesis studies the attempts made in the Noah plays of the medieval mystery cycles to adapt the basic details of the Great Flood to a much broader contemporary Christian context. Although the biblical source provides little detail, the playwrights consistently portray a Noah who, because of his obedience and meekness, qualifies to be saved from the terrible destruction. Before and after the flood, however, the nature of fallen man and the active interference of Satan continue to threaten what should be a harmonious relationship between man and God. In varying ways all of the Noah plays, including the Newcastle fragment, show that a struggle to earn God's grace must be made against the forces of disorder which occur in contemporary forms. Dramatic improvisations show parallels between Noah's wife and Eve whose complicity with Satan led to the original expulsion from Eden, or indicate the kinds of conditions under which grace may be received.

In addition, the Noah plays reveal that the events of the flood were seen as evidence of the extension of God's grace to man throughout biblical history. The escape from death which Noah and his family experience is a figure of the spiritual salvation made available through the sacrifice of Christ. The various playwrights reveal the connection between flood and crucifixion through the use of conventions such as typology, ironic juxtapositions and scenic counterparts. As Noah may be seen as a type of Christ, those agents who initiated disorder in Eden and in the Noah plays recur in later plays as characters who reject the message of Christ and the opportunity for grace provided by His sacrifice. As a group, therefore, the Noah plays reveal the significance of the role which medieval playwrights gave to divine grace and its potential for the salvation of man.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Simplification Infrastructure for an Implementation of the Chiron Logic

contributor:
Farmer, William M.
Computing and Software

subject:
Computer Engineering
Computer Sciences
Software Engineering
Computer Engineering

abstract:
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Simplification is an important and heavily used facility in many mathematical software

systems including both computer algebra systems and computer theorem proving systems. The objective of the MathScheme project is to develop a new generation of mechanized mathematic systems that combines the advantages of both computer algebra and computer theorem proving. Serving as the underlying logic of MathScheme, Chiron is used to formalize mathematics in our project. Therefore, we want to build a simplifier that simplifies Chiron expressions for the MathScheme project. This thesis presents the design and implementation of a simplification infrastructure that allows users to build their own simplifiers. This framework can be viewed as a customizable simplifier. It provides a set of simplification strategies and mechanisms for managing contexts. The rules module of this framework allows future developers to define new simplification rules and add them into the rule library. Using different strategies and optional arguments, developers can build simplifiers that work in various ways. The ultimate goal of this framework is to provide a powerful tool with good flexibility so that other people can use it as a handy building block or an experimental environment in the future development and application of MathScheme.

abstract: Master of Computer Science (MCS)


title: Implementation of Fixed and Sequential Multilevel Acceptance Sampling: The R Package MFSAS

contributor:
Childs, Aaron
Statistics

subject:
Statistics and Probability
Statistics and Probability

abstract:
Manufacturers and consumers often use acceptance sampling to determine the acceptability of a lot from an outgoing production or incoming shipment base on a sample. Multilevel acceptance sampling for attributes is applied when the product has multiple levels of product quality or multiple types of (mutually exclusive) possible defects.

The aim of this project is to develop an R package MFSAS which provides the tools to create, evaluate, plot, and display multilevel acceptance sampling plans for attributes for both fixed and sequential sampling. The Dirichlet recursive functions are used to calculate cumulative probabilities for several common multivariate distributions which are needed in the package.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Exploring the Relationship between Social Influence and Telecommuting

contributor:
Scott, Darren M.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract: As cities continue to expand, the environmental impacts associated with increasing car usage remains an issue of concem. However, telework, an altemative form of working arrangement, has the potential to reduce the impacts associated with driving. In this study, we investigate how social interaction impacts the decision to telecommute. Data are obtained from the McMaster Telework Online Survey, which collects detailed information from McMaster University employees concerning their knowledge and experience with telework, feelings and opinions about home-based work and other lifestyle choices, and other information related to telecommunications. A unique characteristic of the survey is that it captures interactions among colleagues at work. The "colleague connection" measures the extent to which social interactions influence an individual's decision to adopt telework. The results of this research indicate that social interactions at work, as well as socio-demographic and work-related characteristics, do influence an individual's decision to adopt telework.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Becoming Vietnamese-Canadian: the Story of the Vietnamese Boat People in Hamilton

contributor:
Eyles, John
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: The story of the Vietnamese Boat People in Hamilton is one that began in the late 1970s during the 'Boat People Crisis'. This led to the mass exodus and acceptance of thousands of refugees into Canada. The story of the refugees in Hamilton is about their journey from a home and their journey to a find home. There is a lack of knowledge in the current literature that explores the experience of refugees that emphasizes the nature of embeddedness, belonging, and identity through time in place. Previous studies on the refugee experience have primarily focused on the initial effect of displacement, relocation, and/or settlement. The purpose of this study is to contextualize the history and experience of the local Vietnamese refugees in Hamilton in order to understand their sense of belonging in Canada. Moreover, the objective of this research is to employ 'sense of place' as a theoretical lens in order to understand the meaning of home and self through time from the experience and perspectives of a refugee. Placing the study in Hamilton is critical because Hamilton has been identified as a significant city for 'secondary' settlement of refugees and immigrants alike. The approach taken for this study employed both case study and the philosophical hermeneutic sub-approach in order to frame the research question and apply a method of analyzing and interpreting data. The research findings allude to the significance and imperativeness of using multiple perspectives in order to understand a multi-faceted lived experience in comprehending the meanings of home and identity for the Vietnamese Boat People in Hamilton.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Language and a Library of Algebraic Theory-types

contributor:
Carette, Jacques
Computing and Software

abstract:
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I would first and foremost like to express my deep-felt gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Jacques Carette, who shared with me a lot of his expertise and research insight through my studies. This thesis was made possible by his advice, assistance and guidance.

My special thanks and appreciation goes to the members of my examination committee, Dr. Jacques Carette, Dr. William M. Farmer, and Dr. Spencer Smith.

Many helpful suggestions and comments by various members of the MathScheme project group have helped to improve the quality of this work.

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And finally, I would like to thank my family and friends, for their love, encouragement and continuous support.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Kinematics and mechanisms of upper-crustal deformation in the Eastern Cordillera, southern Central Andes, NW Argentina

contributor:
Riller, Ulrich
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract: The Puna Plateau is the second highest continental plateau on Earth and is bordered by the Eastern Cordillera to the east. The growth of this plateau in a non-collisional tectonic setting is not well understood and requires an understanding of the deformation mechanisms and kinematics of its margins, notably the Eastern Cordillera. Deformation in the Eastern Cordillera is characterized by basement-involved folding and reverse faulting during the Tertiary and Quaternary. However, the orientation and kinematics of first-order structural elements of the Eastern Cordillera are not well known. This is addressed in this thesis by a comprehensive structural analysis of three key areas, La Poma, Southern Luracatao Valley and Cachi, in the Eastern Cordillera. Specifically, my structural analyses encompassed (1) field mapping and remote sensing of first-order fold structures and faults, (2) 3D modelling of these structures and (3) a detailed analysis of small-scale brittle shear faults (828 faults at 79 stations). Examination of first-order structures revealed that the Eastern Cordillera was affected by two deformation regimes: Non-cylindrical deformation, i.e., doming of upper crust, followed by cylindrical deformation, notably formation of km-scale folds with straight hinge lines in the hanging walls of orogen-parallel thrust and reverse faults. 3D modelling of these faults at La Poma and Luracatao Valley in the Eastern Cordillera revealed that west-dipping faults are consistently shallower than east-dipping ones. Displacement on shallow « 15°) west-dipping thrust faults in the La Poma area amounts to 2.4 kn1 and likely exceeds displacement magnitudes on east-dipping reverse faults. Analysis of brittle shear faults indicates that doming occurred during E-W shortening. This was followed by NE-SW -shortening on west-dipping thrust and reverse faults and later by NW-SE shortening on east-dipping reverse faults, which induced also a component of left-lateral displacement on N-S striking reverse faults. Brittle fault analysis indicates that shortening directions vary greatly in space and time and seem to depend rather on the local kinematic regime of first-order structures (domes, thrusts and reverse faults) than on far-field stresses related to plate boundary forces. Collectively, the structural analysis suggests that deformation was controlled by the local structural complexity of upper crust, including higher-order, pre-Andean mechanical anisotropies (such as aplitic dikes, foliation surfaces and cretaceous normal faults).

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: DIR1 Movement During Long Distance Signaling in Systemic Acquired Resistance & Development of a Florescence Based Screen for Age-Related Resistance Mutants

contributor:
Cameron, Robin
Biology

abstract:
Systemic Acquired Resistancc (SAR) is an induced resistance mechanism in which certain localized pathogen infections lead to broad resistance against future attacks in distant tissues. Resistance is transmitted from induced tissues by long distance signals that are perceived in systemic tissue eliciting defence to normally virulent pathogens. Previous research in the Cameron laboratory indicates that DIR1 may function as a long distance signal during SAR. Agrobacterium transient transformation was used to study DIR1 movement in the dir1-1 SAR-defective mutant. Lower leaves of dir1-1 were infiltrated with Agrobacterium expressing 35S:DIR1-EYFP, followed by inoculation with SAR-inducing Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst avrRpt2). Distant leaves were challenged with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and bacterial levels were determined. The SAR defect was rescued in dir1-1 plants expressing 35S:DIR1EYFP only if SAR was induced. Petiole exudates were collected from these induced leaves and DIR1 was present, suggesting that DIR1 is capable of movement during SAR. Additionally, when cucumber exudates induced for SAR were infiltrated into dir1-1 rabidopsis, dir1-1 became SAR-competent. Cucumber exudates contained a DIR1-like protein. Taken together, these data suggest that a DIR1-like protein exists in cucumber and functions like DIR1 in Arabidopsis during SAR.

Age-Related Resistance (ARR) has been observed in numerous plant species, often resulting in increased disease resistance as plants mature. A genetic screen to identity potential ARR mutants has been developed. The screen used a florescence strain of Pst (Pst-GFPuv) to quantify bacterial levels in infected leaves. A number of parameters were investigated to improve the screen.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Estimates of Snowmelt Runoff in the Eastern Arctic

contributor:
James, Wm.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to set up simple computational models which require limited climatical data as input, in order to provide estimates of runoff during the spring-summer melt season for drainage basins in the Baffin Region. Due to the limitation of meteorological data in Arctic areas, the models were developed with only the major components of the hydrologic cycle, the components chosen on logical, physical basis with the restriction that the number of parameters be kept to a minimum.

The models were used to generate daily average flows for the Duval River drainage basin. Unlike southern areas the major contribution of precipitation is snow which is retained until the ablation season which lasts from one to four months in Arctic areas. Observed and simulated results were found to be in agreement in terms of both volume and time distribution.

As the optimised parameters are kept to a minimum it is hoped that it can be expanded for use on ungauged basins.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Studies of Labile polyelectrolyte at solid-liquid interfaces

contributor:
Pelton, Robert H.
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
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Guar is naturally occurring polysaccharide. This thesis presents studies on hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) - borate, a Labile polyelectrolyte, interacting with a number of model tear film (eye) components including sulfate-stabilized polystyrene latex, anionic lipid-stabilized emulsions and cationic 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) liposomes. The presence of borate ions converts nonionic HPG into an anionic polyelectrolyte. However, the borate ions on HPG chains do not inhibit HPG-borate adsorption onto anionic polystyrene latex. Both HPG and HPG-borate show the same adsorption isotherms. As a comparison, HPG slightly oxidized to give C6 carboxyl groups, with a degree of substitution close to HPG-borate, does not adsorb onto anionic polystyrene latex when the polymer is fully ionized.

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Although HPG and HPG-borate do not adsorb onto anionic lipid-stabilized emulsions, the emulsions aggregate at high polymer concentration (> 0.1 g/L) because of depletion flocculation. Borate ions do not influence the depletion threshold polymer concentration. However, HPG provides gravitational stability for flocculated emulsions to against phase separation.

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Our work has shown that cationic colloids in the presence of HPG-borate display bridging flocculation, depletion flocculation, steric stabilization, salt induced

coagulation, or no change at all, depending upon the HPG and salt concentrations. Developed were novel stability maps showing these phenomena mapped onto a log salt concentration versus log HPG concentration plane. The maps were generated by a combination of published models and experimental results. This portrayal of complex behaviors will be valuable to formulators because it clearly shows the effects of changing HPG molecular weight, colloids size and colloid volume fraction.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Supporting Human Rights in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories: An International Social Justice Response

contributor:
Greene, Saara
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
Human rights are fundamental rights that belong to all human beings. They include the right to life, liberty and equality. Upholding human rights is the most universal form of social justice. International human rights legislation and humanitarian law have been established to protect the security and dignity of all people. Increasingly, International Human Rights Organizations are working to enhance human rights norms across the globe.

Using the Israeli/Palestinian conflict as a case study, this thesis aims to provide a better understanding of international human rights work, the ways in which this work is addressed, and the experiences of individuals involved in human rights work. In-depth interviews with four individuals working in Canadian-based organizations strive to identify their challenges and successes as they engage in advocacy and grassroots activism.

My intention in undertaking this research project was to develop an understanding of the work of International Human Rights Organizations in Canada that are promoting Palestinian human rights. What I found was another story: a story of the perceptions and meanings assigned to this work by those engaged within Canadian human rights organizations.

Three important findings emerged from data collected during the interview process: 1) individuals are engaged with International Human Rights Organizations to reinforce their own personal and political beliefs; 2) there is little decision-making power nor meaningful participation of the Palestinian community in the work of lnternational Human Rights Organizations; and, 3) there is a need for International Human Rights Organizations to consider the local implications of the international conflict.

Information resulting from this research contributes to our understanding of how International Human Rights Organizations can most effectively engage in social change work to promote social justice in Israel and the Occupied Territories of Palestine, and whether that is best accomplished through advocacy and activism locally or internationally.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Child Feeding Practices, Authoritative Knowledge, and the Mediation of Social Support Networks Among New Canadian Mothers Living in Hamilton, Ontario

contributor:
Moffat, Tina
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
Migration and settlement are disruptive processes. Families are often under financial strain and are separated from family members and friends back in their home countries. For new mothers, this absence of social support adds to the challenge of raising a child in a new country.

This research employs a mixed methodological approach in an investigation of infant feeding practices, maternal social support systems and decision-making, and the construction of authoritative knowledge in infant nutritional health. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey were used to explore national trends in a comparative study of breastfeeding and vitamin D supplementation practices between Canadian-born and immigrant mothers. A series of focus group interviews conducted in collaboration with the Ontario Early Years Centres (OEYC) of Hamilton inform the qualitative portion of the study, and the exploration of factors contributing to mothers' infant feeding decisions. Findings indicate immigrant status and education are strongly, positively associated with breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months. Educational attainment, possibly indicative of health literacy, is also positively associated with vitamin D supplementation for exclusively breastfed infants.

Many of the mothers who partook in the interviews also belonged to the Welcome Baby prenatal group facilitated by a public health nurse at the OEYC. The interview results suggest that the Welcome Baby program is an important source of information about infant care for New Canadian mothers, however, the advice they received often conflicts with the practices in their home countries. This thesis explores the production of authoritative knowledge and circumstances under which New Canadian mothers choose to incorporate Canadian health recommendations. Additionally, I discuss some of the existing recommendations and health messaging surrounding infant care and feeding which may undermine Ontario's public health goals to increase exclusive breastfeeding and its duration among mothers living in Canada.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Youth In Care and Mental Illness: Mapping the Diagnostic Process

contributor:
Sinding, Christina
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
Research shows that a considerable number of young people in care have mental health diagnoses (Building Bridges, 2008, 9). An article in the Globe in Mail (2007) reported that 47% of youth in care were on psychotropic medication [for mental health, emotional or behaviour issues] (Philp, 2007).

As a worker within the child welfare system, working with crown wards, my own case load reflects these numbers quite accurately. Some of the youth I work with have seen psychiatrists, psychologists or family doctors, and their diagnoses have changed with each assessment -which subsequently affects or changes how the case is managed.

This research sets to show how we arrive at a diagnosis, using institutional ethnography to map the diagnostic process. Using my experience as a children's service worker, I map the types of information gathered and by whom, as they contribute to the diagnosis a child receives.

This study provides a detailed examination of the text-action interplay in the child welfare system, showing the nature and volume of information created by various actors in the system and submitted to the assessing practitioner (i.e. psychologist, psychiatrist). The study also shows how action within the system is often prompted by liability, accountability and worker knowledge.

Recommendations are made to explore our responsibility to youth in care around child welfare documenting practices, emphasizing the importance of youth contributing to the text that defines them within the child welfare world.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: A Time Domain Formulation of Inverse Source Problems Using the Transmission-Line Matrix Method

contributor:
Bakr, Mohamed H.
Nikolova, Natalia K.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
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The inverse source problem of electromagnetics for homogeneous background medium

is investigated numerically using the Transmission-Line Matrix (TLM) method. By transforming all sources and fields into their equivalent link impulses inside a TLM computational domain, a discrete linear inversion formulation is developed. Our approach solves for the unknown source distribution inside a given source region using the near-field measurements on its boundary. Unlike the conventional frequency domain treatments, both our source solution and the field measurements are obtained in the time domain. The non-uniqueness of the inverse source problem is addressed by addit ionally imposing a smoothness prior constraint. First-order time and spatial derivatives of the source distribut ion are minimized. The source reconstruction algorithm introduced in this thesis is illustrated through various two-dimensional numerical examples. It is also shown that our algorithm is robust against the noise from the boundary field measurements.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Microstructural Stability of Magnesium Alloys during High Temperature Deformation

contributor:
Wilkinson, David S.
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract: Superplastic forming (SPF) represents one feasible method to improve the formability of wrought magnesium alloy sheets at high temperatures. A fine grain structure not only improves the ductility but also increases the optimum strain rate thus, reducing the cost of SPF. Microstructural stability of AZ31 sheets have been characterized following different heat treatments. Second phase particles help to suppress grain growth due to the pinning effect. Thus once the temperature exceeds 450°C pmticles dissolve leading to abnormal grain growth. Superplastic behavior based on the fine grain structure of AZ31 was therefore evaluated at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 400°C with constant strain rates of 2.7*10-4 s-1 to 8.8*10-3 s-1. The dominant defonnation mechanism is grain boundary sliding, accommodated by dislocation creep. Under the current test conditions the initial (12μm grain size) structure is unstable and leads to dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Competition between DRX and grain growth leads to a variation of mechanical response with test conditions. Further grain refinement of AZ31 sheets was investigated through warm rolling tests for both symmetric and asymmetric types at 200°C and 300°C, followed by 200°C annealing. Asymmetric rolling was more effective for grain refinement and achieved better mechanical properties than symmetric rolling.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Hermann Hesse: The Role of Death in his Developing Concept of the Self.

contributor:
Lawson, J.
German

subject:
German Language and Literature
German Language and Literature

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Codimension-2 Branes in Supergravity

contributor:
Burgess, Cliff
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: The goal of this thesis is to study the back-reaction of codimension-2 branes in chiral gauged supergravity for solutions which are consistent with axial symmetry in the bulk directions and maximal symmetry in the spatial directions of the brane (FRW-like branes). The mathematics involved in this is somewhat cumbersome so as a first step, which can later be used as a check, we study solutions which are consistent with axial symmetry in the bulk and maximally symmetric in all brane directions. In order to analyze the brane back-reaction we compute a set of equations relating the bulk fields at the brane position to the brane properties, known as junction conditions. These junction conditions combined with the low-energy on-brane effective action (which is also derived) provide the complete description of the brane back-reaction. This formalism is then applied to two examples and generalized for the case of FRW-like branes.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Extra Current Uncovered in Alkaline Biofuel Cells

contributor:
Xu, Gu
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
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Due to the environmental burden of fossil fuel combustion, a major strategic shift towards renewable green sources and environmentally benign power generation technology makes biofuel cells a possible alternative, though their extremely low current density remains a bottleneck for the further practical applications. Recent progress shows some promise to increase the current by platinum (Pt) electrodes, and alkaline solution to replace the enzymes/microbes. However, the approach involves high cost of noble metals as well as their poisoning effect. We report here a glucose biofuel cell based on nickel (Ni) electrodes and alkaline medium without the catalyst poisoning found in Pt systems. Surprisingly, a six-fold current increase over time, and a final current density equivalent to 1.5 times that of Pt have been achieved. They are found to be caused by the transformation of glucose to an enediol form, the expansion of triple phase boundaries where cathode reactions take place, and the enhancement of reaction kinetics by alkaline solution. The results not only provide a dramatic increase in current and overall biofuel cell performance, but also demonstrate a low cost approach to renewable source utilization, if corresponding designs can be implemented.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Quantifying Dispersal in a Metacommunity and Understanding Its Role in Local Community Structure

contributor:
Kolasa, Jurek
Biology

subject:
dispersal
vectors
metacommunity
local community
colonization
regional processes
Biology
Biology

abstract: Dispersal has been long recognized as an important process in metacommunity dynamics, allowing isolated communities to interact with each other through the movement of individuals. Metacommunity theory and its four models (species-sorting, mass-effects, patch-dynamics and neutral) emphasize the significance of dispersal in the structure and composition of local community. Therefore, quantifying movements of individuals between patches is necessary to understand how systems will respond to varying degrees of connectivity and resulting species interactions. Many studies that have attempted to quantify dispersal, particularly of aquatic invertebrates, found conflicting results with respect to the intensity with which dispersal occurs. Moreover, investigations of invertebrate dispersal factors aquatic habitats have neglected to consider the influence of multiple factors such as life cycle stage, species, and external environmental features on dispersal rate via three vectors (wind, overflow, and animal transport). Colonization experiments have largely emphasized the importance of dispersal in influencing species richness, abundance and diversity but have yet to demonstrate direct comparisons between composition of dispersing species and local community structure. I investigated dispersal of aquatic invertebrates in a rock pool metacommunity, its possible influencing factors (species, life stage and the surrounding rock pool environment), and potential impact on species composition in local communities. To explore this, I used a combination of dispersal interception traps, colonization experiments and long tern biotic community surveys. I found dispersal occurs both rapidly and in high abundance across rock pools, particularly using wind and flow vectors, with minimal influence of connectivity, vegetation and ocean on dispersal rate. Although species and life cycle stages were highly variable and differed in their dispersal intensity, a high degree of similarity existed between composition of dispersing species and local community structure. Regional processes (i.e., dispersal), despite its unpredictability, is important for species assemblage and local community composition and necessary in the colonization of newly created habitats.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Adaptive Sphere Decoding and Radius Selection with Error Analysis in Sphere Decoding

contributor:
Qiao, Sanzheng
Computing and Software

abstract:
Many applications such as communications may be modeled as integer least squares problems. The goal is to find the solution to the integer least squares problem, which could be the encoded integer vector in these applications. From the point of view of lattice space, finding the solution to an integer least squares problem is equivalent to finding the closest lattice point to a given point. Sphere decoding is often applied to the searching of the closest lattice point.

An improved sphere decoding method, named adaptive sphere decoding, is discussed in this thesis. This method is examined from various views such as geometric interpretation and tree representation. The algorithm of adaptive sphere decoding is also presented. In addition, an experiment is conducted to show the improvement of performance provided by adaptive sphere decoding over the original sphere decoding.

One of the key issues in sphere decoding is the determination of the initial radius of a search hypersphere. For communication applications, the hypersphere radius could be computed from the statistical characteristics of signal noise or deterministically by Babai estimate. However, due to the computational error introduced during floating-point arithmetic, the initial radius computed by the deterministic method may make sphere decoding fail. So, based on the standard computational error analysis of matrix-matrix multiplication and vector-vector addition, we investigate an error analysis for the numerical computation of the initial radius by the deterministic method and propose a revised deterministic method in computing the initial radius by taking the computational error into account in order to make sphere decoding as successful as possible. An experiment of comparing the two methods is conducted and the failure of sphere decoding is eliminated perfectly with the initial radius computed by the revised deterministic method.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Bertolt Brecht's Schweyk im zweiten weltkrieg

contributor:
Widmaier, F. T.
German

abstract: This study offers a detailed analysis of the main character of Bertolt Brecht's play Schweyk im zweiten Weltkrieg. The play has, to a large extent, been neglected, criticised and generally regarded as a second-rate Hork. One of the objects of this study is to destroy that view. Schweyk is seen as conforming to a typically Brechtian pattern, in that he is basically a character made up of two conflicting, socially conditioned sides. This study attempts to bring these two sides into perspective, thus showing Schweyk in his true light. Schweyk is basically seen to be following a campaign of "opponierendes Mitläufertum" and as such is closely linked with Brecht's most significant political publication "Fünf Schwierigkeiten beim Schreiben der Wahrheit". At the end of the character analysis a definition of Schweyk is formulated based on the qualities of the aforementioned political treatise, so that some observations can be made on the terms "Schweyk figure" and "Schweykian philosophy", both terms which seem to have been abused by the critics. From these observations and the character analysis of Schweyk, it then becomes quite obvious that Schweyk im zweiten weltkrieg is of fundamental importance, since in the character of Schweyk Brecht seems to express his philosophy of life in the clearest, most unequivocal manner.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Neonatal Seizure Detection Using Blind Adaptive Fusion

contributor:
Jeremic, Aleksandar
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
Seizure is the result of excessive electrical discharges of neurons, which usually develops synchronously and happens suddenly in the central nervous system. Clinically, it is difficult for physician to identify neonatal seizures visually, while EEG seizures can be recognized by the trained experts. Usually, in NICUs, EEG monitoring systems are used instead of the expensive on-site supervision. However, it is time-consuming to review an overnight recording, which motivates the researchers to develop automated seizure detection algorithms.

Although, there are few detection algorithms existed in the literature, it is difficult to evaluate these mathematical model based algorithms since their performances vary significantly on different data sets. By extending our previous results on multichannel information fusion, we propose a distributed detection system consisting of the existing detectors and a fusion center to detect the seizure activities in the newborn EEG. The advantage of our technique is that it does not require any prior knowledge of the hypotheses or the detector performances, which are often unknown in real applications. Therefore, this proposed technique has the potential to improve the performances of the existing neonatal seizure detectors.

In this thesis, we first review two newborn EEG models, one of which is used to generate neonatal EEG signals. The synthetic data is used later for testing purpose. We also review three existing algorithms and implement them to work as the local detectors. Then, we introduce the fusion algorithms applied in the fusion center for two different scenarios: large sample size and small sample size. We finally provide some numerical results to show the applicability, effectiveness, and the adaptability of the blind algorithms in the seizure detection problem. We also provide the testing results obtained using the synthetic to show the improvement of the detection system.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Claiming America Panel by Panel: Popular Culture in Asian American Comics

contributor:
Goellnicht, Donald
English

abstract: This thesis examines recently published Asian American comics and argues that their engagement with both Asian and American popular culture is a new form of "claiming America." Popular culture is an arena integral to the American national imagination, and hence these comics assert that Asian Americans are consumers of and participants in American popular media, offer criticisms of stereotypes against Asian Americans and suggest alternative representations and representative practices. I argue that "claiming America" must also be inflected globally due to the emphasis on transnationalism in Asian American cultural production, and Asian American comics actively drawing upon Asian popular culture influences and show that Asian popular culture is increasingly circulated in America. Comics are a unique medium with which to claim a space in American popular culture, as Asian American comics creators creatively employ visualization strategies related to race, and take advantage of the hybridity of word and image comics medium to explore Asian American concerns with hybridity. In this process, Asian American comics also engage with the comic as a popular medium and rework conventions particular to American comics to address Asian American concerns. Ethnicity and popular culture has been a relatively neglected field, and I will argue that ethnic communities can be seen as subcultures in the US, whose relationship to the mainstream involve processes such as cycles of incorporation and reinvention. In addition, comics studies is an emerging academic field, and will benefit from contributions from ethnic minority literary perspectives.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH FOR OPTIMAL CONTRAST-TONE MAPPING

contributor:
Wu, Xiaolin
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: A novel linear programming approach for optimal contrast-tone mapping is proposed. A measure of contrast gain and a sister measure of tone distortion are defined for gray level transfer functions. These definitions allow us to depart from the current practice of histogram equalization and formulate contrast enhancement as a problem of maximizing contrast gain subject to a limit on tone distortion and possibly other constraints that suppress artifacts. The resulting contrast-tone optimization problem can be solved efficiently by linear programming. The proposed constrained optimization framework for contrast enhancement is general, and the user can add and fine tune the constraints to achieve desired visual effects. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method, demonstrating clearly superior performance of the new technique over histogram equalization. In addition, two locally adaptive contrast enhancement techniques by the proposed method are investigated.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Vocal Suppression: The Effects of Processing Time and the Nature of the Subsidiary Task

contributor:
Levy, B.A.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
There is considerable evidence indicating that speech information plays a part in visual information processing. To translate visual input into a speech code would require some sort of speech recoding stage. One technique widely used to verify the existence of this speech recodinq stage has been the vocal suppression paradigm, where the translation stage is presumed to be interfered with by concurrent irrelevant vocal activity. However, attempts have been made to explain the vocal suppression effect in terms of general cognitive capacity overload, without recourse to speech-specific interference. This thesis represents an attempt to implicate the existence of speech recoding by demonstrating that vocal suppression is, in fact, attributable to interference with subvocal activity.

Three experiments are reported. The first indicates that subjects, given control over the rate at which sentences are presented to them, do not choose to read more slowly in an attempt to overcome the vocal suppression effect. The second experiment indicates that even when forced to read at a slower rate, subjects cannot overcome the effect. The final experiment indicates that the suppression effect can occur with a non-verbal interference task. The results are discussed in terms of the distinction between general and speech-specific interference.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Properties and Mechanisms of Instructed Heart Rate and Skin Conductance Control

contributor:
Roberts, L.E.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
Instructed control of skin conductance and heart rate was compared using experimental groups trained to produce changes in one or the other of these responses. Subjects were required to produce increases and decreases in the visceral target with the aid of visual analogue feedback for five training sessions. Differences arising between the groups were necessarily attributable to differences in the neural organization of the target responses, since the groups differed only with respect to the response that was identified by the feedback display.

Instructed control of both targets was demonstrated. Subjects trained on the heart rate target produced both increases and decreases in response level, whereas only control
in the increase direction was demonstrated by the skin conductance group. Instructed changes in skin conductance were approximately three times larger than those  reported in previous studies of this response.

Performance mechanisms underlying control also differed between the two groups. Increases in heart rate were associated with increases in somatomotor and respiratory activation, but control of skin conductance was manifested in varying physiological contexts.

The bearing of the results on several issues in visceral learning was discussed.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The role of residual olfactory cues in the determination of the feeding site selection and exploration patterns of domestic rats

contributor:
Bennett G. Galef, Jr.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
The results of the present series of experiments indicate that weanling domestic rat pups feed and explore in areas containing residual olfactory cues deposited by conspecific adults in preference to clean areas. Both nulliparous and lactating Long-Evans female rats can mark an area so as to induce pups to explore and feed in it. Residual cues continue to affect the feeding and exploratory behavior of pups to maturity.

Discrepancies between the results obtained in the olfactory discrimination apparatus (Leon &Moltz, 1971) and the present experiments are resolved and evidence presented for the existence of residual cues attractive to pups not contained in anal excreta. It is. suggested that residual cues deposited by adult rats can playa role in directing weanlings to their first meals of solid food in the natural environment.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: SOME HIGHLY ACCURATE BASIC LINEAR ALGEBRA SUBROUTINES

subject:
Computer Sciences
Software Engineering
Computer Sciences

abstract: In the computation of the sum of many floating-point numbers Xi (i = 1,2, ... n-1,n), the method S = (( ... ((Xi +X2)+X3)+ ... +Xn-1)+Xn) is called the Ordinary Recursive Summation (ORS) algorithm. Since significant digits might be discarded when the partial sums are rounded, the results are rarely correct. In 1969, Knuth [IJ proposed a simple algorithm AddTwo for transforming a pair of floating-point numbers (a, b) into a new pair (x, y) with non-overlapping mantissas and satisfying x = fl(a + b) and a + b = x + y, regardless of the magnitude of a and b, where x is the floating-point sum of a and b, while y is the roundoff error. We call an algorithm with such property an error-free transformation. Such transformations are at the center of the interest of this thesis. Extending the principle of AddTwo to n, summands is called distillation by Kahan. Since then, many distillation algorithms have appeared to improve the accuracy of summation. Among them, there are three accurate summation algorithms SumK, iFastSum and HybridSum, which are particularly appropriate for ill-conditioned data, where ORS fails due to the accumulation of rounding error and severe cancellation. In this thesis, we present the accurate summation algorithms with their properties, and then apply them to improve the accuracy of the LAPACK subroutines DDOT and DGEMV.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Foundations in Exegesis: Eichrodt and Barth on Genesis 1:26-27..

contributor:
Combs, A. E.
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The thesis considers the complex relationship between contemporary Old Testament studies and theological interpretation of the Bible, by focusing upon a comparative exposition of the accounts of Genesis 1:26-7 given by Walter Eichrodt and Karl Barth. This relationship consists in a certain impasse, a certain failure on the part of each discipline to take the other seriously, a certain conflict of interest concerning the proper task of each discipline. The examination of the foundations of each exegesis illustrates the nature of the conflict and leads to a consideration of the wider implications involved in the use of each method. Ultimately, these implications demonstrate that the adoption of specific foundations in exegesis depends directly upon a prior estimation of the nature of the biblical documents. It is the goal of the thesis to make this point.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: L'Attitude de Voltaire a l'Egard des Juies

subject:
Arts and Humanities
Arts and Humanities

abstract: Une analyse des écrits de Voltaire se rapportant aux Juifs de son époque et aux Juifs de la Bible afin de tenter de déterminer son attitude advers ces deux groupes.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The effect of phytohemagglutinin of the infection of mouse spleen leukocytes with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

contributor:
Prevec, L. A.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: Mouse spleen leukocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and infected with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. The virus titre from stimulated and unstimulated cells was determined and the number of infected cells in stimulated and unstimulated cultures was examined.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Pharisees Pre-70

subject:
Religious Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract: In 70 C.E. the Romans razed the Jerusalem Temple 2nd Judaism underwent a radical change. From that moment, normative Judaism was Pharisaic Judaism. As a result, our knowledge of the Pharisees after 70 C.E. is as extensive as our knowledge of the Pharisees before 70 C.E. is limited. When did the Pharisees first arise? What were their beliefs and practices? What role did they play in the growth of early Judaism? These questions have haunted scholars for decades and have given birth to a myriad of diverse theories. It is the purpose of this project to examine five of these hypotheses and then to offer some modest conclusions concerning the future of pre-70 Pharisaic scholarship.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Documentation Driven Testing of Scientific Computing Software

contributor:
Nedialkov, Ned
Computer Science

subject:
Computer Sciences
Computer Sciences

abstract:
Domain experts, who create mathematical models and then implement scientific computing software typically focus on their models and implementation, but often pay less attention to systematic and extensive testing of their software. One reason for this situation is that domain experts usually lack software testing experience and know little about testing tools. However, it is desirable to introduce software testing techniques and tools into the development process of scientific computing software.

This thesis originates from testing the scientific computing package DAETS, Differential-Algebraic Equations by Taylor Series. Documentation driven testing, code coverage analysis, and software testing tools are utilized to help verify and improve the quality of the software in this testing project. First, static inspection is used to check the correctness and completeness of the user guide, and verify the consistency of public interface information between the user guide and the source code. Then, black box test cases are designed based on public interface specifications in the user guide. After that, by executing code coverage analysis, test cases are added based on white box testing. Finally, the automatic testing framework tool CppUnit is used to automate the testing process, which greatly facilitates regression testing. In the DAETS testing projects, 163 test cases (more than 5000 line test code) are implemented, 27 documentation and software defects are found, and 150 lines of dead code are removed.

abstract: Master in Advanced Studies (MAS)


title: Karl Marx and Religion: 1841-1846

contributor:
Greenspan, L. I.
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: A recurrent theme throughout the writings of Karl Marx from 1841 through 1846 is his attack on religion. This thesis will first explicate the precise nature of his atheism. Then it will detail his critique of religion by means of a chronological analysis of his major early works. Finally, it will indicate some implications of his attack on religion for the "Christian Marxist" dialogue.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Hanumān

contributor:
Kinsley, David
Younger, Paul
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The chapters of this report should be read as essays motivated by a single desire--to appreciate the figure of Hanumān as he is revealed in the Hindu tradition. Except for Chapter I, which is an introduction to the matter dealt with in Chapters II and III, the report moves in the manner of an exploration. I read VālmĪki's Rāmāyaņa and it revealed a Hanumān with a dual character, gentle and violent aspects in uneasy tension (see Chapter II). I then read Tulsīdās' Rāmacaritamānasa and found a Hanumān who was basically a servant with vestiges of his former ambivalent self (see Chapter III). Two major questions arose from these discoveries. The first relates to the servile nature of Hanumān in the Rāmacaritamānasa (see Chapter IV). The second focuses on the dual character of Hanuman (see Chapter V). The last two chapters of this report, Chapters IV and V, rely to some extent on my reading of Tulsīdās' Vinayapatrikā and his Kavitāvalī.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Effect of Ageing Heat Treatment on the Hardness and Tensile Properties of Aluminum A356.2 Casting Alloy

contributor:
Shankar, Sumanth
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
The aluminium A356.2 casting alloy is one of most popular alloys for shaped casting of automotive components because of its high strength to weight ratio and the ability to heat treat to attain fairly high toughness. Besides Al, the alloy has Si and Mg as the principal alloying additions to aid in the precipitation of the Mg2Si phase in the primary Al matrix to strengthen the alloy during heat treatment. Presently, the T6 heat treatment temper is most used on cast components from these alloys. Commercially, in the T6 temper, the component is solution heat treated at around 540◦C for about 10 to 12 hours immediately followed by quenching in water maintained at 80◦C. The component is then left to natural age at room temperature for about 8 to 10 hours followed by artificial ageing at around 155◦C for about 6 to 10 hours. This T6 temper treatment process has been followed for many years and adopted from the 6xxx series Al wrought alloy where the strengthening precipitate is Mg2Si as well. No significant research has been carried out to evaluate to optimize the T6 heat treatment in A356.2 casting alloys, specifically, the natural ageing phenomenon adopted from the 6xxx series alloy where the Si to Mg ratio is between 1 and 3, has not been optimized in A356.2 alloy, wherein, the ratio Si to Mg is between 4 and 6. Hence, the mechanism of redistribution of Mg and Si atoms during the natural and artificial ageing process would have to be studied for the A356.2 alloy and the process optimized to attain favourable mechanical properties.

In this study, the mechanism of Mg and Si atoms redistribution during the process of natural ageing has been proposed. Additionally, the effect of natural ageing combined with the artificial ageing process on the mechanical properties of the cast component has been quantified. The results of this study propose that the extent of natural ageing in A356.2 alloy depends on the desired combination of strength and elongation in the cast component. A high strength (~230 MPa) and low elongation (~2%) could be achieved if the natural ageing process at room temperature is limited to less than one hour after solution heat treatment and quenching in water at 80°C, and low strength (~195 MPa) and high elongation (~8%) could be achieved for natural ageing of about 6 hours at room temperature prior to the artificial ageing treatment. The recommendations are valid for solutionizing the components at 540◦C for 12 hours, followed by quenching in water at 80◦C and an artificial ageing at 155◦C for various times.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZEBRAFISH CYTOCHROME P450 1 AND 3A GENES USING HETEROLOGOUSLY EXPRESSED PROTEINS

contributor:
Wilson, J.Y.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: Cytochrome P4501 (CYP1) and CYP3A enzymes are hepatic proteins critical for the metabolism of many endogenous and exogenous compounds. CYPl and CYP3A proteins are well characterized in mammals, but aside from CYP1A, little is known of the function of the other CYPls and CYP3A in non-mammalian vertebrates. In this study, zebra-fish CYP1A, CYP1Bl, CYP1Cl, CYP1C2, CYP1Dl and CYP3A65 have been heterologously cloned, expressed and purified. The catalytic activity of each CYP was tested using 11 synthetic mammalian CYP substrates. The catalytic activity and regioselectivity of each CYP to metabolize 17β-estradiol (E2), an endogenous steroid, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a model exogenous compound were also tested. The major CYPs that metabolized E2 were CYP1A and CYP1Cl, and to a lesser extent CYP1C2. Overall CYP1A has the broadest specificity and the highest activity for most substrates. CYP1Cl and CYP1C2 have similar specificity and rates of metabolism for most substrates. Zebrafish CYP1Bl is similar to mammalian CYP1Bl in both relative activity to CYP1A and substrate specificity. CYP1Dl, the most recently identified vertebrate CYP1, poorly metabolized all substrates except for BaP. The role of CYP1Dl is currently unknown, but given the metabolic differences seen here compared to the other CYPls, CYP1Dl may have a function unlike that of the other CYPis. Zebrafish CYP3A65 had a low activity for typical mammalian CYP3A substrates suggesting it could also have a different substrate profile than mammalian CYP3As. This is the first study to analyze the activity of the complete CYPl and CYP3A profile of a non-mammalian vertebrate and will be important in determining the functions of these proteins.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Heat Exchanger Network Design, Monitoring and Optimization

contributor:
Mahalec, Vladimir
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
In process industries, heat exchanger networks represent an important part of the plant structure. The purpose of the networks is to maximize heat recovery, thereby lowering the overall plant costs. Previously published research on heat exchanger networks deals with two categories:

• Synthesis of heat exchanger networks with the goal of designing a structure that provides the lowest total (capital plus operating) costs.

• Data reconciliation with the goal of establishing true performance of the network and identifying correct heat transfer coefficients for individual exchangers in the network.

Since heat exchanger models are highly nonlinear due to presence of log mean temperature difference term, solution of the network models is not always guaranteed. Most of the published results have used some form of approximation of the log mean temperature difference term. The approximations have been designed to provide reasonable accuracy while providing better convergence properties. Nevertheless, these are approximations and lead to the results that are not quite accurate. The goal of this research is to develop heat exchanger network models and algorithms for design, monitoring and optimization that are easy to implement in engineering practice and have excellent convergence properties.

Presented here is a new heat exchanger network simulation algorithm which solves rigorously heat exchanger network equations in three phases:

Phase 1: Solve mass balance equations for the network, i.e. determine flows in all branches of the network. These equations are linear.

• Phase 2: Compute heat exchanger heat transfer factor for each exchanger in the network. Computation of the factor for each heat exchanger employs current flows through the exchanger and values of the exchanger variables at some base operating conditions.

• Phase 3: Compute all heat exchanger outlet temperatures, given temperatures of the inlet streams and the results from Phase 1 and Phase 2. The computation in this phase is also employing a set of linear equations, while retaining full rigorous of the heat transfer equations.

Hence, we have successfully transformed solution of a heat exchanger network into multi-phase solutions of sets of linear equations. This approach is then used for HEN synthesis and data reconciliation of HENs.

HEN synthesis has been extensively studied over years and significant progress has been achieved in the development of robust methods for design of cost-optimal networks but one of the relatively less addressed issues is to deign HENs based on standard or modular sizes of heat exchangers. The major complexities in HEN synthesis are handling the combinatorial nature of the problem and finding a feasible and optimum solution using simultaneous synthesis methods. In this research, HEN simulation algorithm combined with differential evolutionary optimization is used for design of HENs with modular sizes of heat exchangers. This approach is successfully applied to examples available in the literature. Previously published results have used heat exchangers that have been sized for a placement at a specific location in a heat exchanger network, thereby aiming to provide the lowest cost solution. The research presented here shows that equally good or better solutions can be obtained by using standard, modular sizes of the heat exchangers. The approach used in this work is more realistic, since in practice heat exchangers are available in standards sizes, not custom made (in other words, a heat exchanger typically would have a size of 50 or 100 sq ft, but not 49.8 or 101.9 sq ft as may be calculated by the methods published in the literature).

Data reconciliation and parameter estimation is an important step in HEN performance monitoring. In the current research, the HEN simulation algorithm is extended to develop a framework for data reconciliation of HEN and to estimate the change in the overall heat transfer coefficient of heat exchangers. This methodology is successfully implemented on two case studies from the literature.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Shear Behavior of Steel Plates with Reinforced Openings

contributor:
Sivakumaran, K. S.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
Steel structures are commonly used all over the world. Structural cold-formed steel sections can be used as the primary building members, as well as the secondary members with other structural materials. They can be used as joists, truss members, and studs; they can also be used as frame systems, floor systems and wall systems, etc.

It is common to see openings in these plated structures for all kinds of reasons. For example, openings are needed for ancillary systems such as water pipes, plumbing, electric wiring, etc. In cold-formed steel members, openings are often introduced in the web of a joist. The existence of large openings can change the stress distribution around the opening regions, thus changing the buckling and strength characteristics of web panels. The extent to which the openings can affect the plated structures depends on the size, shape, locations and number of the openings in the web. In this study, parametric studies were performed on a total of 42 simply supported plates with centrally located square openings utilizing the finite element modeling. The parameters of interest are the size of the opening (d。/h), the slenderness ratio of the plate (h/t) and the aspect ratio of the plate (a/h). It was observed from the study that, a centrally located square opening can significantly reduce the ultimate shear strength of the plate. The opening size is the primary parameter influencing a plate's ultimate shear strength. The ultimate shear strength of a plate decreases approximately linearly as the size of the opening increases. The ultimate shear strength also decreases as the slenderness of the plate increases and tends to increase as the aspect ratio increases. The aspect ratio is found to be the least significant parameter in the sense of affecting the ultimate shear strength of plates with square openings. This study also compared the ultimate shear strength obtained from finite element modeling with that calculated from the AISI (2007) method. It was shown that the AISI (2007) tends to underestimate the ultimate shear strength of thick to moderate thick plates with square openings, but overestimate the ultimate shear strength of thin plates with square openings. A new equation for estimating the shear reduction factor (qs) is proposed based on the finite element analysis undertaken to better estimate the ultimate shear strength of plates with centralized square openings.

To compensate for the reduction in strength of steel members due to large openings, reinforcements may be used in practice. In this research, simply supported steel plates with an aspect ratio of 3 (a/h=3) and having a 60% reinforced square opening (dc/h =0.6) under pure shear loads were analyzed through the finite element modeling. Four slenderness ratios (h/t), namely h/t=50, 100, 150 and 200 were considered. Three reinforcement schemes, namely the flat-reinforcement, the lip-reinforcement and the angle-reinforcement, are applied on the plates to evaluate the effectiveness of these three reinforcement schemes. It was observed from the research that all three reinforcement schemes were capable of restoring the shear strength of plates with square openings. However, the flat-reinforcement is found to be the most efficient way of the three reinforcement schemes considered.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: A Haunted House of Fiction: Uncanny Time and the Narration of the Nation in Joy Kagawa's Obasan and Kerri Sakamoto's The Electrical Field

contributor:
Goellnicht, Donald C.
English

abstract: This thesis takes as its subject the uncanny intersection of the history of Japanese Canadian intemment and Canadian multiculturalism in Joy Kogawa's Obasan (1981) and Kerri Sakamoto's The Electrical Field (1998). Drawing on Benedict Anderson's analysis of the birth of nationalism (2006), and Michel de Certeau's analysis of the temporal structures that order national historiography (1988), this project examines the process by which the imagined multicultural community of the Canadian nation writes itself through a genealogical historiography-hrough a retrospective mapping of the antecedent origins of multiculturalism. The result of this historiographical process is the construction of a teleological history; consequently, the subversive treatments of race, racialization and systemic, state-sponsored discrimination of both Kogawa's and Sakamoto's historical fictions face repression and containment within the logic of multicultural progress. This thesis examines, then, the tendency within the current multicultural climate to write the history of intemment as a regrettable yet past moment in the progress of the nation, and tums to the novels of Kogawa and Sakamoto to investigate the uncannily disruptive and potentially productive method of resistance that their a-linear, synchronic narratives offer in response to the homely narration of the nation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Ever Changing Caregivers Experience - A Reflection Of A Neo-Liberal Health Care Agenda

contributor:
Schormans, Ann Fudge
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
In the past few decades, health care costs for the elderly population due to their complex medical needs has increased dramatically, such that hospitals and community-based service providers are struggling to deal with this matter. Research is beginning to address how elderly caregivers cope and adapt to the ongoing changes related to their spouses' dementia.

The purpose of this research study is to gain further insight into how four elderly female spouses, who have had to place their husbands into a long term care facility, are still caring for (in a practical sense), caring about (showing love and affection) and caring with (reciprocity with the marriage) their husbands. Qualitative research methods were utilized to highlight their experience. The data was analyzed using a critical feminist perspective and institutional ethnography.

The findings of this study noted the incredible changes elderly wives have to endure as their husband's health and cognition continues to decline, within a long term care facility. The elderly women noted that their ability to care for their husbands was often unrecognized and in direct conflict with nursing home staff. Furthermore, the women discussed how they continue care about their husbands by showing love and affection. The women also noted that their husband's ability to care with them was predominantly non-existent. In addition, they discussed a change in their personal identity; married but living as a single person in the community. Finally, they commented on the lack of physical intimacy and the impact on their marriage. This study offers valuable insight into the ever changing experience of a few female spouses who continue to care for, about and with their husbands and provides suggestions for social workers to work them during this process.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Ordered Desarguesian Affine Hjelmslev Planes

contributor:
Lane, N. D.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: The first chapter provides basic prerequisites. In the second chapter we demonstrate that an ordered Desarguesian A. H. plane is coordinated by an ordered A. H. ring. We then show that given an ordered A. H. ring, one can construct an ordered Desarguesian A.H. plane. In the remaining chapters we give an example of such a structure and examine its relationship to the associated ordinary affine plane, the radical in the A. H. ring and the Archimedean axiom.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Moore's Influence on Russell's Early Philosophical Development

contributor:
Radner, M.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
Section I of this essay is concerned with certain introductory issues: a statement of the main purpose of the essay; a brief discussion of certain problems involved is assessing Moore's influence on Russell; and a division of evidence regarding influence into types.

Section II of the essay is a detailed consideration of Russell's published statements regarding Moore's influence on his philisophical development. A large number of such statements exists. Examination reveals they differ considerably on the role assigned to Moore. The basic results reached include: Russell's statements concerning Moore's influence are not always reliable unless it is recalle that he may be thinking of Moore's valuable personality traits or Moore's impact on the Cambridge philosophy department as an academic institution and that Russell was characteristically "over-generous" in giving others credit for his achievements. A detailed chronological pattern of the Russell-Moore relationship is sketched. Further results of this investigation include: the change in Russell's philisophy from Hegelianism to "the new philosophy" occured in the years 1898 through 1900 and was regarded by Russell as the major change his entire intellectual career; Moore's role in this period was greater than that of any other living philosopher (if Peano is counted as a mathematician), yet Moore was not a necessary factor in Russell's development; Moore's influence on Russell was virtually all confined to the years 1898 through 1910 and to works of Moore published by 1903; chief among Moore's writings which influenced Russell is "The Nature of Judgment", which is perhaps
itself due in significant measure to Russell; the characterization of the Russell-Moore relationship put forth by, eg, G. J. Warnock is completely untenable.

Section III is a detailed examination of Moore's essay, "The Nature of Judgment". Considerable detail is gone into here, as one result of Section II was to show that Moore's essay is, in general, a reliable guide to Russell's general philosophical position in 1898 and 1899. The basic theses of Moore's essay are stated witll some precision, and Moore's arguments for them are formulated and critically evaluated. An interpretation of Moore's concept of the concept is put forward, and it is argued that this interpretation is helpful in making sense of all of Eoore's basic theses in his essay.

Section IV contains a discussion of Russell's doctrine of terms in The Principles of Mathematics. The basic properties common to all terms are set forth. It is then shown how the doctrine of terms involves a rejection of Moore's doctrine of concepts in "The Nature of Judgment". Russell's views on the nature or the proposition and on necessity are shown to also be similar to the views in Moore's essay. Finally, some of the key similarities and differences between Moore's and Russell's views are summarized.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Effects of massage therapy after exhaustive endurance exercise in young healthy males

contributor:
Tarnopolsky, Mark
Kinesiology

subject: Kinesiology Kinesiology

abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the physiological effects of massage on indicators of skeletal muscle function following exhaustive endurance exercise. Specifically, we examined the effects of unilateral leg massage therapy on pain, muscle lactate, glycogen and damage, before (BASELINE) and at an early (EARLY, +30 min), and later (LATE, +2.5h) time points, following a single bout of exhaustive endurance exercise. Thirteen young, recreationally active males who exercise 2-3 times per week (age: 22.0 ± 2.7 y; weight: 75.2 ± 10.6 kg (mean ± SD)) were recruited to participate in the study. Participants underwent a baseline muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis of one randomly assigned leg and performed a maximal oxygen uptake test (VO2peak) using an incremental cycle ergometry test to voluntary exhaustion (mean VO2peak = 45.9 ± 7.5 mL/kg/min, peak power = 270 ± 47 W). Two weeks later, the participants returned to the laboratory and completed an exhaustive endurance exercise protocol. Following the cycling protocol, participants were given 10 min of recovery, and were asked to report the pain levels of each of their quadriceps muscles using a visual analog scale (0 = no pain; 10 = worst pain imaginable) at two min post-exercise (post-exercise and pre-intervention (PRE)). A single Registered Massage Therapist randomly selected one leg for each participant to be massaged, while the other leg did not receive any treatment modality. Pain scores were again reported two min post-massage (post- intervention (POST)). Two muscle biopsies were taken from each leg (MAS and CON leg) on the second visit following completion of the endurance exercise protocol at +30 min and +2.5 h. There was no difference in postexercise/pre-massage pain scores between the legs (CON = 7.4 ± 2.0; MAS = 7.4 ± 2.0); however, post-exercise/post-massage pain scores were lower in the massaged leg (MAS = 2.3 ± 1.8; CON = 3.9 ± 2.3, P < 0.001). Massage had no effect on muscle lactate concentration, damage, or glycogen content, at any time point. In conclusion, massage therapy treatment following exhaustive endurance exercise was shown to lower pain scores but had no effect on muscle lactate, damage or glycogen content. These findings support the concept that post-endurance exercise massage therapy lowers pain perception but not through alterations in muscle lactate concentration, damage or glycogen content; consequently, the reduction in pain is more likely due to neurological and/or psychological effects associated with massage.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)