identifier: Carter, Nicholle Anna Gladys <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Carter=3ANicholle_Anna_Gladys=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Fault imaging of Hibernia three-dimensional seismic data using edge detection and coherency measures.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Seismic methods play a key role in exploration and reservoir  characterization of the offshore Newfoundland Hibernia oil field. Seismic data is traditionally processed to image continuous reflections rather than to image discontinuities such as faults. Thus, when interpreting such 3D seismic data it is often difficult to obtain a clear and unbiased view of faults. Due to the complex structure of offshore Newfoundland fields, fault imaging is extremely important since field production may be affected by sealing faults, and may effect hydrocarbon production and development strategies. -- In recent years, companies have produced algorithms for enhanced fault detection. The edge detection differencing method, as presented by Lou et al., (1996), measures changes in the subsurface such as faults using differencing of seismic traces. The C1 coherency algorithm, as described by Marfurt et al., (1998), uses cross-correlation between seismic traces. Another method used for fault detection is second derivative maps which take the second derivative of the seismic traces. -- The main objective of the this study is to compare different fault detection algorithms using both synthetic (Kelly, 1998) and real seismic data from the Hibernia fields (1991 and 1997 surveys). For each data set, a representative of the data volume containing the Murre fault was chosen for comparison purposes. Results indicating that the coherency method produces best results with the second derivative produce good results for the model data. The use of EDGE and Poststack/PAL software proved to image more subtle faulting than large scale faulting such as the Murre fault.


identifier: Campbell, Harold Edward Alexander <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Campbell=3AHarold_Edward_Alexander=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Finite CW-complexes.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Finite CW-complexes

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract: Topological spaces of the same homotopy type as CW-complexes are considered (CW-spaces). Construction methods are used to give algebraic characterizations of CW-complexes, firstly of finite type, and secondly, of finite dimension. When both conditions are satisfied, there is an element of the projective class group of the integral group ring of the fundamental group of the space, a homotopy type invariant, whose vanishing is necessary and sufficient to guarantee that a CW-complex be finite.


identifier: Kelly, Irene G. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kelly=3AIrene_G=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Modeling and migration of Hibernia seismic data.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The reservoirs of the Hibernia oil field are located within the complexly faulted Hibernia rollover structure. The accurate positioning of faults and sedimentary boundaries is especially important for the successful extraction of available hydro carbons. Seismic migration is a valuable processing tool in the accurate imaging of such complex geologic features. Frequency-wavenumber domain, phase-shift, and reverse-time poststack migrations are tested for their ability to image Hibernia seismic data. Reverse-time migration is tested as both a 2-D and 3-D migration, and offers particular advantages due to its generality and lack of dip limitations. This migration comparison is initially done using synthetic seismic data generated from 3-D finite-difference models of the Hibernia oil field. Successful finite-difference modeling requires consideration of numerical stability, grid dispersion, and available computational facilities. -- Successful poststack migration requires an accurate input velocity model, and a complete inversion may be achieved by performing a velocity sensitivity analysis on the input seismic data. This analysis requires available well formation tops so that the migration layer depths may be least-squares fitted to the well tops by adjusting the velocities. This method assumes that the layers intersect the well and are easily identifiable on the seismic section. Reverse-time migrations of model data, and well lines from the Hibernia seismic data set are optimized in this manner.


identifier: Smirnov, Anna <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smirnov=3AAnna=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Lake Erie, Great Lakes : spatial distribution, sources and pathways.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous organic contaminants often found in terrestrial and marine environments. Because of their hydrophobic character, they tend to be associated with fine particulates and transported to receiving basins by surface runoff and through the atmosphere. Studies of these pollutants in lacustrine sediments are important since many of them have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, and can be harmful for higher organisms, including people. Such studies are especially important in highly urbanized and industrialized areas where tremendous anthropogenic pressure exerted upon the environment is combined with a high intensity of exploitation. Here I present a study on spatial distribution, sources and pathways of PAH in one of such settings, Lake Erie, lower Great Lakes. -- Obliteration of PAH molecular assemblages due to different decomposition processes results in difficulties in identifying their primary sources and pathways. Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has recently been shown a technique that may provide independent constraints for identification of PAH origin in sediments. Therefore, analyses of both molecular and isotopic compositions of compounds have been simultaneously employed in the study in an attempt to obtain a better insight into the regional distribution pattern and original sources of these contaminants in Lake Erie. -- A cluster analysis utilizing three first principal components extracted from both molecular and isotopic data sets was performed in the first part of the study. This analysis identified three prominent areas characterized by similar molecular and isotopic composition. Portions of the lake that are immediately adjacent to the major cities comprise one such cluster. The two other clusters partitioned the lake into a southern sector and a northern sector. PAH fluvially introduced at three major cities are probably further transported and redistributed by surface and bottom circulation. This pattern of contamination superimposed on a natural background seems to be responsible for the three-cluster structure observed in the lake. In the second part of the study, the molecular and isotopic signatures of PAH were compared with those previously reported for prominent primary and secondary sources. A subtle interplay between various sources and different degree of degradation appears to account for variations in molecular and isotopic data within the previously identified zones. The research again clearly demonstrated that the isotopic signature is less subjected to weathering processes than the molecular composition and thus can greatly supplement conventional studies on PAH chemistry when source apportionment is the task. The results of both parts of the study were finally summarized in a descriptive model of sources, pathways, transport and deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of Lake Erie.


identifier: Taylor, Rod Stephen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Taylor=3ARod_Stephen=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of Middle Ordovician (Llanvirn) graptolites from the Table Cove and Black Cove formations, western Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis provides the first full taxonomic treatment of graptolites from the Middle Ordovician (Llanvirn) Table Head and Goose Tickle groups of western Newfoundland. These rocks represent the upper portion of an autochthonous sedimentary and volcanic sequence that was deposited in a shallow water, near-shore environment during the rifting and passive drifting of the continental margin. Seventeen taxa from these strata are discussed in detail, based almost exclusively on flattened material, including Glossograptus sp. nov. Specimen preservation is best in the Port au Port region, quality decreasing to the east and the north. -- There is good correlation between graptolite assemblages at the various exposures of the Table Cove and Black Cove formations, but there appears to be insufficient vertical change through the sequences to permit faunal subdivision of this interval (equivalent to the Australian Darriwilian 3). -- The graptolite assemblages found in these rocks suggest a low latitude, warm water setting (Pacific Province) at the time of formation. However, the increased number of pandemic species compared to neighbouring Early Ordovician (Arenig) sequences in western Newfoundland suggests that provincialism was becoming less pronounced at this time.


identifier: Chiam, Keng Woon <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chiam=3AKeng_Woon=3A=3A.html>   (1975) The development of education in Singapore, 1959-1969.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study is to trace the development of education in Singapore from 1959 to 1969. -- The turning point of the educational system in Singapore occurred in 1959 when Singapore became an internally self-governing state. The political transformation necessitated the reorientation of education. The political and economic situations in the course of the ensuing eleven years further modified the educational system both in philosophy and in organisation. -- Following a brief introduction to the demographic structure, ethnic and linguistic groups, political and economic developments, discussion is focused on the development of the entire spectrum of the educational system in Singapore: pre-school education, primary and secondary  education, higher education, teacher-training, adult education and special education. For each of these, the status in 1959 is described and the policy changes and the associated implementation results over the period 1959-1969 are investigated. Problems are identified with special attention being paid to the efficacy of the government's education policy for achieving its three major social goals: (a) increased educational opportunities reflected in the principle of parity for the four language streams - English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil; (b) industrial growth; and (c) national unity. -- The identification of various problems leads to the formation of a set of recommendations for future action.


identifier: Knox, Mary Anne K. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Knox=3AMary_Anne_K=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1995) The grandparent experience : an investigation of factors related to grandparent styles and emotional satisfaction with being a grandparent.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: One hundred and fifty-five (62 M, 93 F) grandparent volunteers (Mean age = 67) from St. John's or Mount Pearl, NF were surveyed using a structured interview.  Various grandparent styles (e.g., family-historian, fun-seeker, etc.) and factors related to grandparent satisfaction (e.g., role adjustment) were assessed.  Consistent with earlier findings, distant-figure grandparents were more likely than were grandparents of other styles to agree that they saw their grandchild only during special occasions (e.g., Christmas); the fun-seeking style was negatively related to grandparents' age.  Contrary to earlier findings, however, the surrogate-parent style was not found to be significantly more typical of grandmothers than grandfathers; the surrogate-parent style was not significantly correlated with feeling obliged to spend time with grandchildren; surrogate-parent grandparents were not significantly less satisfied with being a grandparent than were grandparents who were not surrogate parents; the fun-seeking style was not significantly related to grandchildren's age; young grandparents were not less involved with grandchildren than were old grandparents; grandparents who were highly representative of the formal-grandparent style agreed to involvement with raising grandchildren.  Fun-seeking, surrogate-parent, indulgent, and family-historian styles were positively associated with a composite satisfaction measure.  Overall, respondents found the grandparent experience to be varied and emotionally satisfying.


identifier: Yang, Panseok <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Yang=3APanseok=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Trace element partioning between coexisting metamorphic minerals and trace element zoning in metamorphic minerals from Gagnon Terrane, Western Labrador.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Because of their wide-range in chemical properties, trace element partitioning and zoning in metamorphic systems provides valuable information on various metamorphic processes which are not recorded or preserved by major elements. Trace element partitioning between coexisting minerals and major and trace element zoning patterns were investigated using an electron microprobe and a laser ablation microprobe - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry for pelites in Gagnon terrane, western Labrador. -- Large variations in the partitioning of Sc and Cr between coexisting garnet and biotite indicate lost or modification of equilibrium compositions by garnet resorption and disquilibrium, respectively. Crystal lattice strain of garnet controls trace element partitioning, so that the distribution of elements occupying each cation site in the garnet structure shows parabolic relations with ionic radius. Sc and Ti partitioning are controlled by Al contents in biotite and Ca in garnet, respectively. Weak to moderate thermal dependence of Co, Zn and Zr partitioning maybe related to increases in thermal expansivities with metamorphic grade. -- Similar to garnet and biotite pairs, trace element partitioning between biotite and muscovite shows controls of crystal lattice strain. The distributions of Li, Sc, Sr and Ba show dependence on both temperature and major element compositions. V and Zr partitioning is moderately dependent on temperature. -- For garnets with spiral internal fabrics, growth zoning for some major and trace elements exhibits a spiral pattern (spiral zoning), implying that incorporation of these elements was mainly restricted to discrete growth regions of the crystal at any one time. Low amphibolite-facies garnets show Cr zoning parallel to foliation, indicating that the garnet overprinted a matrix fabric with a heterogeneous Cr distribution during growth (overprint zoning). In contrast, in mid/upper amphibolite-facies garnet porphyroblasts, Cr zoning becomes concentric, indicating an enhanced diffusion rate. -- Various Mn concentrations in the same annulus from garnet porphyroblasts in a thin-section suggests that Mn did  not achieve thin-section scale equilibrium during the annulus formation, raising questions concerning the use of Mn concentration as a time marker. The origins of Y-annuli are suggested in this study: (1) Y-annuli produced by garnet resorption and regrowth characterized by an irregular and discontinuous annulus with a steeper slope on the inner side of the annulus, (2) Y-annuli produced by discontinuous breakdown of Y- and REE-rich minerals characterized by euhedral annuli and (3) Y-annuli produced by changes in garnet growth speed. Trace minerals responsible for the formation of Y-annuli are identified using REE ratios on small intervals on the annuli. -- Phosphorus and Y concentrations in garnet and apatite coexisting with apatite and xenotime, respectively, vary systematically with metamorphic grade. This study demonstrate that trace element zoning combined with partitioning data provides valuable information on P-T, reaction histories, scale of equilibrium and kinetics.


identifier: Hoffe, Brian H. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hoffe=3ABrian_H=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1996) Deep seismic evidence of late Middle Proterozoic rifting beneath the Kalahari, Western Botswana.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The full processing of seven reconnaissance, deep seismic reflection profiles recorded in western Botswana reveal the presence of a single, deep basin with a relatively uniform fill of 12 to 15 km of sedimentary rocks underlain by a mid to lower crust which shows considerable structure and reflectivity. Much of western Botswana falls within the broad physiographic region known as the Kalahari where much of the bedrock geology is concealed by Cretaceous to Recent Kalahari sands making regional tectonic interpretations difficult. Potential field data suggested the existence of deep sedimentary basins which prompted the Government of Botswana, with assistance from Petro-Canada International Assistance Corporation (PCIAC), to acquire approximately 1,000 km of 12 to 15 fold deep seismic reflection data in the western Kalahari region to evaluate its petroleum potential. A followup well drilled to a total depth of approximately 4 km along one of these profiles showed that a  majority (> 2 km) of the rocks are sedimentary and of late Proterozoic (Ghanzi?) to early Cambrian (Nama) age. The stratigraphic break between the rocks of the Nama Group and those of the Permo-Carboniferous - Jurassic Karoo Supergroup  is marked by a major unconformity and represents a considerable hiatus (≈ 200 - 300 Ma). The gross lithologic nature of "bright" mid to lower crustal reflectors is explored in a qualitative fashion by examining possible correlations between the potential field anomalies and these  zones of increased reflectivity. These seismic data also indicate the possible presence of large-scale extensional structures suggestive of continental rifting. These extensional structures, along with an ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar date of 1,071.7 ± 11.1 Ma from a gabbroic body forming part of the Kalahari Line, and a series of continental rift sequences exposed along the northern and western fringes of the Kalahari region, all provide evidence of a widespread late Middle Proterozoic rifting event affecting much of the Kalahari region. This rifting may have marked the disassembly of a proposed Proterozoic supercontinent.


identifier: Bourgeois, Jason <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bourgeois=3AJason=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Assessment of surface and ground waters, stream and estuary sediments and other ecosystem receptors to determine long term impacts of surface PCB and heavy metal releases, Makinsons, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: As part of a National Contaminated Sites Remediation Program  (NCSRP), FFC/BEAK (1992d) identified polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and heavy metal contamination from an old salvage yard at the top of a small drainage basin located in  Makinsons, Newfoundland. Given the lack of understanding of how PCBs and heavy metals are distributed and attenuated in small drainage basins that consist of thin overburden underlain by fractured bedrock, a study was undertaken with the main objective of determining how PCBs and heavy metals are distributed in the surface waters, ground waters, soils,  sediments within the stream and estuary, and bivalve bioreceptors (Mercenaria mercenaria). It was necessary to describe the spatial distribution of PCBs and heavy metals in order to determine the role that these waters, sediments,  and bioreceptors, play in contaminant transport within this small drainage basin. -- There is evidence that the salvage yard is contributing PCBs, Cr, As, MnO, Fe₂O₃, and Pb to the Makinsons drainage basin. The major pathway is believed to be surface runoff carrying contaminants adsorbed on sedimentary and particulate matter from the salvage yard to the stream. However, PCBs were unexpectedly detected in stream sediments and soils located upgradient from the salvage yard, suggesting an additional source of PCB contamination. This additional source probably relates to the oiling of roads to control dust before they were paved. -- Based on the surface water and ground water chemistry described in this study, mobilization of dissolved metals from the salvage yard-bog area was found to be negligible. Relatively neutral pH (> 6) conditions detected in drainage basin ground waters most likely limited the aqueous solubility of metals and resulted in the predominant species being adsorbed to the soil framework. An additional source of contamination to the drainage basin is suspected to include domestic septic effluent. M. mercenaria collected from the South River estuary were enriched in Fe, Ni, Mn, Cd, Cr, and Pb, relative to average concentrations of M. mercenaria collected along the Atlantic coast of the US. However, PCBs were not present ≥ 0.05 ppm (wet weight) in M. mercenaria from the estuary. Therefore, PCBs adsorbed on suspended material are either being deposited closer to the salvage yard or are being diluted by uncontaminated suspended matter. Regardless, PCBs are not available to these relatively immobile bioreceptors in the estuary.


identifier: Hinchey, John Glenn <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hinchey=3AJohn_Glenn=3A=3A.html>   (2001) An integrated geochemical, petrologic, geochronological, and metallogenic study of the Powder Horn Intrusive Suite and the associated Lodestar Prospect : a magmatic-hydrothermal auriferous breccia zone that links epithermal and porphyry systems, Northern Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Lodestar Prospect is associated with the Powder Horn Intrusive Suite and comprises auriferous sulphide-oxide mineralized (polylithic breccias which have a magmatic-hydrothermal or phreatomagmatic origin. The best grades obtained by exploration companies from chip-channel sampling  of the breccia were 4.98 g/t Au and 14.8 g/t Ag over 15.9 m,  along with one area that returned an assay of approximately 2.0 % Zn. Earlier assays derived values of 6.13 g/t Au over 4.7 m and 4.91 g/t Au over 3 m. More recent channel samples 5.6 g/t Au over 8.5 m including 12.6 g/t Au over 1 m. -- The  Powder Horn Intrusive Suite is a multi-phase intrusive suite, with both pre- and post-brecciation (mineralization) phases. Pre-mineralization rocks consist of (1) the late Neoproterozoic Musgravetown Group sedimentary rocks, which are hornfelsed close to the intrusion. (2) medium grained gabbro/diorite, and (3) minor felsic material; the gabbro phase has been U-Pb zircon dated at 603+/- 2 Ma. Post-mineralization phases include (1) fine grained gabbro/diorite, (2) felsic phases, and (3) diabase dykes; a felsic dyke has been U-Pb zircon dated at 605 +/- 5 Ma. -- The main mineralized breccia, which occurs at the contact between sedimentary rocks and the pre-breccia gabbro/diorite, is exposed over approximately 25 meters and contains Au associated with Cu, As, and Zn. Arsenopyrite geothermometry suggests a crystallization temperature of approximately 425 +/- 50ﾟC for the sulphides. The mineralization occurs dominantly as the matrix to the breccia, whereas unmineralized sections of the breccia contain actinolite/chlorite as the matrix. The breccia clasts consist of host sedimentary material, pre-breccia gabbro/diorite, quartz-feldspar porphyry (QFP), diabase, and  minor fine-grained granite. The sedimentary and gabbro/diorite clasts were locally derived from the wall-rock, however, the QFP clasts have not been observed as outcrop in the area of the showing and have REE patterns unlike felsic intrusive rocks in the vicinity of the prospect. Thus the QFP are assumed to be derived from depth.  In places, these QFP clasts contain pre-breccia sulphide mineralization. They also appear to be finely comminuted, producing a rock-flour matrix in portions of the breccia which probably indicates transportation from depth. Many characteristics of the Lodestar Prospect suggest a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the breccia produced by fluid exsolution from an auriferous intrusive system. Furthermore,  the presence of exotic mineralized QFP clasts within the breccia suggests that the mineralization may be related to a  deep Cu-Au porphyry system. If so, the prospect may have formed in a transitional environment between a deeper porphyry system and a shallow epithermal system. The Lodestar Prospect is, therefore, very significant because it  indicates the possibility for porphyry-style mineralization within the Powder Horn Intrusive Suite, as well as elsewhere  on the Burin Peninsula.


identifier: Mahgoub, Abdelmagid <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mahgoub=3AAbdelmagid=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Characteristics and mechanics of subaqueous debris flows.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Debris flows are gravity-driven mixtures of sediment and water that have considerable yield strength. Deposits of debris flows are common features of many modern and ancient continental margins. In this thesis, an integrated approach of marine, outcrop, and laboratory investigation is used to study the character and behaviour of the subaqueous debris flows. -- Marine seismic data, obtained from the Northeast Newfoundland Slope, Baffin Bay, Delaware Slope, and South China Sea, were used to unravel certain geometrical aspects such as the overall shape of the deposits, slope angles, basal erosion, and relation to surrounding sea floor. Generally the deposits appear as well defined, seismically transparent lenses aligned downslope for a distance of 70-1700 km from the shelf edge. These lenses have central thickness ranging from few meters to few tens of meters. They are 0.5-75 km long and 0.5-25 km wide. Flows appear to have travelled on very gentle slopes (1.5° to about 0.1°) without significantly eroding the underlying sediments. Piston cores from debris-flow deposits reveal structureless,  poorly sorted pebbly mud with numerous lithic fragments and few soft mud clasts. -- More detailed information pertaining  to structures, fabric, grain-size distribution and the mineralogy of the fine fraction is obtained from outcrops of  the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland and Fraser River Valley, Central Interior of British Columbia. Deposits typically exhibit extremely poorly sorted massive diamict beds. These are mostly matrix supported with the matrix being mostly sand. A few beds are clast-supported and show crude inverse grading at their bases. Most beds show no preferred clast orientation and exhibit weak positive correlation between bed thickness and maximum particle size. -- Variables such as shear strength and pore-fluid pressure,  necessary to an understanding of flow support mechanisms, are reported from laboratory experiments using reconstituted  slurries of seawater and debris from marine cores. Reconstituted debris-flow slurries develop high values of excess pore-fluid pressure (0.7-2.5 times hydrostatic pressure, depending on depth and sediment concentration). These high values, which are maintained for several hours, are mainly due to poor sorting and high amount of fines. High pore-fluid pressure effectively mobilised debris flows by reducing the total normal stress and consequently the shear strength of the debris material.


identifier: Dwyer, Berni Lori <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dwyer=3ABerni_Lori=3A=3A.html>   (2001) A compiled geological, geochemical, and metallogenic study of a magmatic nickel-copper sulphide occurrence at the Cirque Property, Nain Plutonic Suite, Northern Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Located approximately 40 kilometers south of Okak Bay, the Cirque property lies within an area spanning 40 km long by 5-10 km wide that contains several localized, magmatic Ni-Cu  sulphide occurrences. With the exception of the OKG prospect  located approximately 35 km north of the Cirque prospect, most of the magmatic Ni-Cu sulphide occurrences are hosted within Mesoproterozoic varieties of leucotroctolite, leuconorite, leucogabbro, and anorthosite of the Nain Plutonic Suite. -- The Cirque property (LBN, Licence #1764M), so named because the gossan lies within a 1 km wide  cirque, consists dominantly of massive and layered anorthosite and lesser amounts of leuconorite/leucogabbro and leucotroctolite. Outcrop exposure has defined the mineralized zone to strike approximatelyl km northwest and dip to the west Ground and borehole geophysical surveys have  defined a corresponding narrow zone (250 to 300 m wide) plunging steeply to the southeast. Six drill holes at the top and two of six drill holes at the base of the cirque have intersected sulphide zones of variable widths and textures. Mineralization consists of massive, net, and disseminated pyrrhotite with minor chalcopyrite. Trace pentlandite occur as fine flame-lamellae within massive pyrrhotite. -- Overall, the metal contents in all of the holes are low (average Ni/Cu = ≤ 1, Pd and Pt values <50 ppb). The best intersection is from borehole LBN-4 (390.35m): 0.28% Ni, 0.44% Cu, and 0.12% Co over 5.1 m. Localized, elevated Cu values were intersected in several boreholes but were not extensive; the greatest is 3.9% Cu over 20 cm in a 1.5 cm wide sulphide vein @ 923.92 m in borehole LBN-8. Values from neighbouring properties to the north (Canadian States Resources; Licence #1514M) and west (Noranda Mining and Exploration Ltd.; Licence #915M) are anomalous; highest values from grab samples are 0.36-0.85% Ni and 1.8% Ni, respectively. -- Sulphide mineralization at the Cirque gossan consists of thin, irregular lenses and stringers, steeply dipping to the west and east, wrapping around and crosscutting iron stained, unmineralized leucoanorthosite. Fractured and embayed edges of plagioclase  crystals by sulphide minerals at the Cirque gossan suggest thermal erosion of semi-crystallized plagioclase-rich fractionate by a Fe-rich sulphide melt which had mobilized from depth.  Although not common, thermal erosion textures have also been reported on the neighbouring Canadian States Resources property (Licence #1514M). This epigenetic-style of magmatic sulphide mineralization is important because, although the host magma for the sulphide mineralization is absent, analyses can still be made based on the geology and geochemistry of the gossan. -- Major and trace element geochemistry of the rocks at the Cirque indicate that the there are at least two magma sources: one formed anorthosites, leucotroactolite, and leuconorite/leucogabbro with similar REE signatures and positive Eu anomaly and another, richer in incompatible elements with a slight negative Eu anomaly, formed the ferrodiorite dykes which intrude the anorthosites. The parental (or least fractionated) material for the anorthosites, leucotroctolite, leuconorite/leucogabbro could possibly have  a geochemical composition similar to a clinopyroxenite sample located in talus along the cirque wall. Isotopic data  (ISr = 0.704 to 0.706 and εNd = -8.76 to -2.72, calculated at 1.39 Ga, and δ³⁴SCDT= 2.5 to 3.0‰) indicate that the crustal contaminants of the magma in the Cirque area are the  Paleoproterozoic Churchill Province gneiss and the Nain Province gneiss. The Tasiuyak gneiss may also be a possible source, but to a lesser extent. Estimated total crustal contamination is between 20 to 60%. -- Sulphide geochemistry  of the Cirque area indicate that the Canadian States Resources property, Licence #1514M may have a different source magma than that of the Cirque sulphides, however, the  epigenetic-style mineralization on the Noranda "Hilltop" property suggests that the source of the sulphides may be to  the west where pyrrhotite-bearing pyroxenite sill and dykes have been observed. Low R factors (25 to 100) and PGE ratios  indicate that the initial sulphide melt at the Cirque may have segregated from a metal-poor magma possibly due to a low degree of partial melting and extensive crystal fractionation history. Nonetheless, given that extensive zone of localized anomalous Ni and Cu values, it is still possible that a significant Ni-Cu sulphide occurrence may exist in the surrounding area.


identifier: Calderon, Antonino M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Calderon=3AAntonino_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2001) An experimental driving mechanism for a rigid oscillating foil propeller.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is about an experimental design of a drive mechanism, which was fitted with a rigid, oscillating foil intended to provide propulsive thrust to any 4-6 m boat. The driving device allowed an innovative, tail like fin, to flap vertically up and down with simultaneous change of pitch simulating the characteristic motion of a whale's tail. The work included all the construction of the drive mechanism, the installation of this mechanism to a typical 4.8 m, open, flat bottom boat. Transducer gauges were placed in strategic locations to measure dynamic forces produced by the drive mechanism and moving foil. -- This experiment emphasised the practicality and development of a drive mechanism that would accommodate subsequent practical work of other foil propellers of various parameters. It is hoped that more research will follow in the prototype stage to concretely give credence to the practicality of foil propulsion in marine vessels.


identifier: Ngusaru, Amani S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ngusaru=3AAmani_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Cross-shore migration of Lunate megaripples and bedload sediment transport models.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Rotary fan-beam and pencil-beam sonar images collected during the DUCK94 field experiment are used to determine the  geometrical scales, orientations, and cross-shore migration velocities of cross-shore oriented lunate megaripples. The measurements show that these megaripples ranged from 0.05 to  0.5 m in height, 0.5 to 4.0 m in separation-length and 0.25 to 2.75 m in both span and spacing. There is a good correlation between both megaripple heights and separation-lengths, and megaripple span and spacings. The ratio of height to separation-length ranged from 0.12 to 0.13. Megaripple scales are somewhat correlated with both the flow  energy and wave-orbital excursion. Megaripples in general migrated onshore at speeds of 10-40 cm/h. This onshore migration was opposite to the offshore-directed mean cross-shore velocity, U, for |U| < 20 cm/s. Megaripple migration stalled as U approached 20 cm/s in the offshore direction. Offshore migration appeared to occur for higher speed offshore mean flows. Wave-orbital velocity skewness and mean  velocity are weakly correlated to migration velocity. The measured lunate megaripple "lee" face slopes are consistent with the angle of repose. -- The observed migration velocities are reproduced reasonably well by stress-based bedload sediment transport models using the measured local waves and currents and best-fit values of the wave/current friction factor ratio. The model/data comparisons are not very sensitive to the stress exponent in the transport models. The values of the current friction factor fc, and the wave/current friction factor ratio fw/fc, giving the best fit to the migration velocities ranged from 4.3×10⁻³ to  8.0×10⁻³, and 2 to 15, respectively. Infragravity waves are found to contribute mainly to the offshore transport, and treating infragravity velocities as waves gives about 10% better comparison compared to treating these motions as slowly varying currents. The megaripple orientations are better correlated with the direction of net sediment transport than that of the gross bedform-normal sediment transport.


identifier: Brake-Brushett, Deborah <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Brake-Brushett=3ADeborah=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Effect of a career counselling intervention on women participating in a government-sponsored employment enhancement program.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was conducted to ascertain the impact of an established career counselling intervention on the career aspirations of women. Sixteen females enrolled in a government-sponsored training program participated in ten group counselling sessions. The goal of the program was to develop a greater appreciation for the full range of occupational alternatives and an enhanced understanding of the skills necessary for successful and optimum career development. -- The selected career counselling program, Shaping Your Future: Towards the Occupational Integration of Women is an activity/discussion-based career planning program designed to increase participants' awareness of themselves and their environment. Role modelling, group discussion and guided imagery are utilized to encourage students to assess and augment relevant career planning characteristics and skills. Positive self-esteem, assertiveness, self-assessment and attitudes are among the various career and personal development themes that are explored. -- This quasi-experimental study was an evaluation of an intervention using a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. A questionnaire was devised to obtain the necessary research data. The instrument was designed to gather sociodemographic information, as well as information on relevant career development factors/issues including attitudes and six dependent variables: level of occupational knowledge, aspects of self, decision-making and problem-solving ability, assertiveness, role models, and imagery/possible selves. The questionnaire was administered twice during the program: one week pre-intervention and two week's post-intervention. -- Analysis of variance for repeated measures was utilized to complete a quantitative evaluation of the effect of the treatment intervention on the six dependent variables. Qualitative data on attitudes were examined to ascertain changes that may have occurred. Findings from the study suggested that the career counselling intervention had a significant influence on the participants' decision-making and problem-solving ability. There was also some noted improvement in occupational knowledge, assertiveness, and role model significance. Recommendations for practice focussed on modifications to the program while recommendations for research addressed replication of the study.


identifier: Gosse, Jennifer <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gosse=3AJennifer=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Classical Confucian ideas of music.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Classical Confucian ideas of music

abstract: In this paper, I examine the importance of music in Classical Confucian thought. The study of Confucian musical philosophy has often been either ignored or trivialized in favour of the ethical or political philosophy of the Confucians. I argue that, rather than being in a secondary category and separate from the Confucians' political philosophy, music and its partner ritual were actually at the core of their political system. -- I begin with a look at the pre-Confucian uses of music in ancient China. In the second chapter, I examine the classical Confucian philosophical claims about music, especially their belief that, in their proper balance, music and ritual would work together to maintain order between the world of nature and human society. In the third chapter, I discuss what the Daoists and Moists thought about the Confucian philosophy of music.  I show that, even though one would expect the Moists to focus their criticisms on the Confucians' political theories, what they actually attack is the Confucian emphasis on music and ritual as a waste of both time and resources. This shows that the Moists realized how central music and ritual were to the Confucian system of thought. --  In the final chapter, I discuss the theories of Herbert Fingarette and Robert Eno, and deal with the recent emphasis upon li as the central point of Confucian philosophy. Fingarette and Eno claim to have rediscovered li as the essence of Confucian philosophy, arguing that, because the Confucian notion of ritual as the centre of philosophy is foreign to us, it has been ignored by Western scholars. I argue, however, that Eno and Fingarette also misinterpret the true nature of Confucian philosophy when they ignore an idea that is even more foreign to Western assumptions than the notion of ritual; that is, the fact that music was an equal partner with ritual in the smooth running of society and the universe as a whole. I believe that, in missing the Confucian's point about music, Eno and Fingarette misinterpret Confucian philosophy and do not see its essentially political nature.


identifier: Power, Conrad <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Power=3AConrad=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Hierarchical fuzzy pattern matching for the regional comparison of land use maps.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The evaluation of the spatial similarities between two raster maps is traditionally based on pixel-by-pixel comparison techniques. These procedures determine the number of cells in agreement for each landuse category and express the overall agreement with a boolean global similarity value. The problem with a pixel-by-pixel comparison is that a small displacement in pixels will be registered as disagreement even though the land use patterns between the maps maybe essentially the same. The issues of unique polygons mapping and hierarchical fuzzy pattern matching, where the maps are compared on both a local and global level emerge as viable and robust alternatives. The local matchings determine the degree of containment of each unique polygon to its spatial counterparts on the original maps in terms of fuzzy areal intersections. Local agreement values for the unique polygons based on their polygon area containments are calculated from fuzzy logical Max-Min compositional algorithms. A global agreement value is derived by the fuzzy summation of the local matchings. The uses of these basic methods are discussed and further refinements and modeling possibilities are outlined.


identifier: Hayes, John P. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hayes=3AJohn_P=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1996) Geological setting and genesis of the Eastern Avalon high alumina belt.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The eastern Avalon High-alumina belt is an alteration system of Precambrian age, hosted by the Johnnies Pond formation. The Johnnies Pond formation is a newly recognized unit and is separated from the Harbour Main group which was previously thought to be the only major volcanic unit on the eastern Avalon Peninsula. Detailed mapping demonstrates the presence of a major regional unconformity between the Conception Group and the Johnnies Pond formation. The remaining volcanic rocks in the Harbour Main group conformably underlie the Conception Group. The Holyrood Granite is pre-Conception in age and clearly intrudes both the Johnnies Pond Formation and foliated hornblende diorite of the Foxtrap diorite, which is interpreted to be the oldest unit on the Avalon Peninsula on the basis of structural relationships. -- The eastern Avalon High-alumina belt is marked by the development of silicification, sericitization and pyrophyllitization within the rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs of the Johnnies Pond Formation. The earliest alteration in the zone involved silicification, presumably proximal to pyrophyllitization at depth, subsequently overprinted by fracture hosted sericite and pyrophyllite. Early silicification is accompanied by pyritization which locally contains anomalous gold. The alteration system and the redistribution of rock components were likely controlled by dissolution mechanisms and kinetically inhibited precipitation of less soluble hydrous aluminosilicates producing amorphous reaction products which subsequently recrystallize to pyrophyllite.


identifier: Browne Peters, Lisa <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Browne_Peters=3ALisa=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Early career transition among education graduates.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The intent of this study was to identify the main issues related to early teacher career transition among Education graduates from Memorial University of Newfoundland, to highlight the alternate career choices of some graduates who have left teaching to enter into other employment sectors and to determine how their Education backgrounds helped to prepare them for work in other fields. The five research questions that guided this study included: What factors contributed to the career transition of Education graduates? What employment sectors now offer career opportunities for education professionals? What kind of satisfaction are former teachers experiencing in new careers? What skills, knowledge, and abilities acquired through Education programs are teachers using in other work settings? What new skills, knowledge, and abilities had to be learned for successful performance in new work settings? -- This study was conducted through three phases of research. The first phase involved a cohort analysis of the class of 1995 Bachelor of Education and Bachelor of Music Education graduates, to determine whether they were teaching. The data collected in this phase led to the creation of a class employment profile. -- The second phase of the research involved the identification of eleven 1995 Education graduates who had left the teaching profession to work in other fields. These participants provided information pertaining to their reasons for leaving the teaching profession, the fields in which they were employed and their perceptions of how well their teacher preparation has contributed to their employment success. -- The third and final phase of the study involved the identification of work associates of the Education graduates. These associates provided their views on the knowledge, skills and performance of the Education graduates in their new place of employment. -- The data analysis revealed that 67.5% of the contacted Education graduates were teaching in a public school system. An additional 4% were also teaching in other educational settings, (i.e. private colleges, universities etc.). I was also able to identify the employment status of the graduates who were not teaching and discovered that the two most commonly occurring alternatives to teaching were returning to school for further educational opportunities and working in technology-based industries. The most common reason for seeking work in other sectors was the inability to find a secure, full-time teaching position. This was followed by financial concerns, (i.e. could not afford to wait for a full-time position), and an interest in finding employment opportunities offering better pay. -- The findings of the research conducted in this study support the notion that career transitions have become very commonplace occurrences in today's society. Motivated by a variety of factors ranging from an inability to find initial work in a chosen field, to displeasure with a current position, many people are searching for new employment opportunities. It is clear that career changes are being viewed as natural and anticipated processes, which can ultimately lead to professional fulfillment and personal happiness. The information provided by both the graduates and their work associates supports the claim that teachers are very likely candidates for such career transitions and it also demonstrates that teachers are suitable candidates for employment in areas outside of education. -- The findings of this study create implications for many educational organizations, (i.e. the NLTA, school boards, the Department of Education and Memorial University of Newfoundland), as well as for Education students and graduates. The information collected over the course of the research is not intended to be representative of the larger general population of Education graduates, but rather it represents the views of a small sample. It is reasonable to assume that these views may be consistent with those of others in similar situations. In order to gain a deeper appreciation and understanding of the factors related to teacher career transitions and teacher employment in other fields, further exploration of the issues examined in this study is required. This thesis is intended to serve as a starting point for further research.


identifier: Sveinbjornsdottir, Emilia Dagny <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sveinbjornsdottir=3AEmilia_Dagny=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Community economic development in Newfoundland : a comparative study of the Isthmus of Avalon and Bonavista Headland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: While the role of non-government agencies, particularly Memorial University's extension services in the 1960s and 1970s, has been important, traditionally, economic development in Newfoundland has been dominated by "top-down" approaches leaving limited opportunity for communities or regions to influence and control their own course of development. However, with "The New Regional Economic Development" approach introduced in 1995, the Newfoundland government has moved more towards community-based economic development. -- For the new approach to be a success, one of the priorities is to have all parties buy into the idea of a community-based approach. Through use of a formal questionnaire and interviews directed to local "key informants" this thesis examines attitudes towards community economic development (CED) on the Isthmus of Avalon, Newfoundland. The methodology used is adapted from Smith (1997) who undertook a similar study on the Bonavista Headland, Newfoundland. Although geographically close, and in fact with the same administrative development zone, the two areas have quite different economic histories, the Bonavista Headland being a traditional fishing area much affected by the 1992 groundfish moratorium, while the Isthmus has had a history of large-scale industrial projects over the last 30 years. -- The results from the Isthmus study are compared to those from the Bonavista Headland. The comparison is then used to discuss prospects for CED in the two areas, as well as the implications for the implementation of the Province's new approach. Of the five main principles which are argued here as characterising successful CED, community support is the best developed theme in both areas, while local control, a planned development process and an holistic approach to development have been recognized as important development factors but not yet adopted or acted upon. Entrepreneurial spirit is the factor which primarily differentiates between the two areas, with more entrepreneurial spirit being evident on the Isthmus. Much of the difference observed between the study areas appears to be rooted in their different economic experiences in the past. -- The results suggest that although attitudes towards CED are, to a degree, more positive on the Isthmus than on the Bonavista Headland, there is still a long way to go before all of the necessary conditions for potential successful CED can be said to be in place in either region.


identifier: Smith, Brent T. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3ABrent_T=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Community economic development on the Bonavista headland : Newfoundland perception and practice.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: There are hundreds of small, single-industry fishing communities dotting the coastline of Newfoundland. The vulnerability of these communities became terribly apparent in 1992 when the Atlantic groundfish stocks, upon which so many of these communities depended, collapsed. The subsequent groundfish moratoria left some 32,000 fishers and plant workers in Newfoundland unemployed and called into question the very survival of nearly 400 small fishing communities. This thesis examines how people from seven different communities in one region of Newfoundland, the Bonavista Headland, are responding to the crisis through community economic development (CED) activities. -- The perceptions of local Key Development Players (KDPs) regarding how to achieve successful community development were identified using a combination of questionnaires and personal interviews. These perceptions were then compared with a normative model of successful CED which was developed from the relevant literature. Comparisons of CED approaches were also conducted among communities of different sizes and industrial function and among different groups of KDPs using decision tree analysis, a multivariate method of analyzing group differences. -- While there is some evidence of CED taking place on the Bonavista Headland, generally speaking most KDPs have not adopted the principles of community-based development. Many continue to see economic development as something which is done to a community rather than something done by the community. Significant differences were noted among KDPs with one group (development workers) standing out as the only group truly advocating the principles of CED. Far fewer differences were noted among the different communities in the study area.


identifier: Hall, Lindsay Anne Forsyth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hall=3ALindsay_Anne_Forsyth=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Ordovician tectonic evolution of the southern Long Range Mountians, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The rocks of the southern Long Range Mountains consist of metamorphosed mafic, ultramafic, sedimentary and felsic intrusive rocks and granite plutons. The mafic and ultramafic rocks constitute the Long Range Mafic-ultramafic Complex, the oldest rocks in the area. Pelitic to psammitic metasedimentary rocks with entrained fragments of the Long Range Mafic-ultramafic Complex comprise the Mischief Mélange. The Cape Ray Igneous Complex consists of deformed and metamorphosed tonalitic, granitic and granodioritic rocks which cut the Long Range Mafic-ultramafic Complex and the Mischief Mélange. This complex includes the Cape Ray Granite (488 (+/-3) Ma), Long Pond Tonalite (472 (+/-2) Ma) and the younger Staghill Orthogneiss which intrudes the other members of this complex and cuts features of early deformation. Four plutons, the Pin (449 (+2/-3) Ma), Red Rocks, Strawberry (384 (+/-2) Ma) and Dragon Lake granites and dykes associated with them cut all older rocks and structures. -- The rocks of the southern Long Range Mountains record Ordovician orogenesis, namely, the generation of an ophiolite suite (the Long Range Mafic-ultramafic Complex), its obduction and association with a mélange (the Mischief Mélange), the generation of a continental arc (the Cape Ray Igneous Complex) and further obduction and plutonism (granites). Amphibolite grade peak metamorphism pre-dates the intrusion of the Staghill Orthogneiss, however, the rocks remained in a deformational and metamorphic regime during and after the emplacement of the Staghill Orthogneiss. Dated at 449 Ma, the post-tectonic Pin Granite provides a lower limit for the cessation of penetrative deformation in this area. Plutonism was renewed in at least one distinct event with emplacement of the 384 (+/-2) Ma Strawberry Granite. -- Rocks of the southern Long Range Mountains occur in the hanging wall of the Long Pond Thrust, a southeast dipping thrust which intersects the escarpment of the much younger Cabot Fault. To the southeast the rocks are bounded by the Cape Ray Fault that dips southeast and separates Gondwanan and Laurentian elements of the earlier Iapetus Ocean.


identifier: Scott, Sharon <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Scott=3ASharon=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Quaternary glaciomarine events, Springdale-Hall's Bay Area, north-central Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Quaternary glaciomarine deposits form a complex sedimentary succession in the Springdale - Hall's Bay area of north-central Newfoundland. Marine incursion due to isostatic depression was extensive throughout the Indian Brook and South Brook valleys, reaching at least 8  km inland. Sedimentological, palaeontological, and geomorphological analyses have permitted reconstruction of the history of sea level change for the area since ca.  12,500 B.P. -- A succession of ice-proximal deltas, representing the proximal units associated with the marine incursion, and a series of successively lower terraces are present. Stratified coarse sediment sequences mark the marine limit of 75 m above present sea  level. -- Clay and silt were deposited by a combination of suspension settling and sediment gravity flows in low energy, distal locations. Dropstones indicative of ice rafting are present throughout the clay strata. Vanadium concentrations indicate deposition in brackish-marine environments. Shells of Mya arenaria, Mya truncata, Balanus hameri, Macoma balthica, and Hiatella arctica found in life positions also indicate brackish depositional environments. Four ¹⁴C dates were obtained from the marine fossils giving an age range of 11,300 +/-120 to 12,470 +/- 380 years BP.


identifier: Taylor, Kenneth Gordon <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Taylor=3AKenneth_Gordon=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Peak-over-threshold flood frequency analysis of streamflow series for insular Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis, regional models for the prediction of flood quantiles for streams on the island of Newfoundland are developed using historical streamflow data which has been subject to peak-over-threshold analysis. The Peak-Over-Threshold method of flood frequency analysis allows extraction of more relevant data from a historical flow series than would be available using the conventional annual maximum flow method. As a result, the peak-over-threshold method is of particular interest in regions where data on streamflows is limited. This is the case in Newfoundland. -- Streamflow series from 63 rivers on the island of Newfoundland are considered. This data is modelled using a Poisson arrival process and the Exponential and Pareto magnitude distributions. Results from single-station peak-over-threshold analysis are compared to those obtained from the annual maxima series modelled using the 3-Parameter Lognormal and Generalized Extreme Value distributions. The island is divided into hydrologically homogeneous regions. Hydrologically homogeneous regions are defined as geographic areas in which flood flows are identically distributed except for scale. Regional index flood estimators are developed using the data generated from the peak-over-threshold approach. -- For the quantile estimates generated for the 63 data series analysed, there is no statistically significant difference between the central position of the results of the 3-Parameter Lognormal, Generalized Extreme Value, Poisson-Exponential, and Poisson-Pareto models. Model error for the single station analysis is tested using a bootstrap approach. For the standard error of quantile estimates generated by resampling, the Poisson-Exponential Distribution model exhibited comparable standard error for lower quantiles and lower standard error for higher quantiles. Because of this, the Poisson-Exponential model was determined to be the most robust for a variety of quantiles. Although the Poisson-Pareto distribution is more flexible, it appears to be inferior to the Poisson-Exponential model in this case. -- Regional models were developed using an index flood approach. The index flood was taken as the two-year return period flood, Q(2), and regional estimators for index floods for each region were developed by non-linear regression on physical basin descriptors. Regional models developed using nonlinear regression exhibited better fit to the underlying data than did the models produced using the traditional log-linear method. The nonlinear models exhibited lower bias, and also less estimation error. The ratios of Q(T)/Q(2) were easily calculated, and allowed estimation of flood quantiles for stations in the regions with a reasonably good fit to the expected values. For most regions RMSE was less than 10% of the mean of the expected values. The estimated values from application of the index flood technique tended to overestimate the quantile slightly and results were somewhat positively skewed from expected values. This will tend to produce more conservative (higher) estimates of flood quantiles. -- In the Southwest Region the equation which performed best (generated estimates with the lowest error) relied on three basin descriptors. The number of gauge records available in this region was only six. The coefficients developed for this equation are also somewhat suspect as they suggest a significant scaling of the result. In this region, the use of the whole island equation may provide a more reliable result and is recommended. -- Quantile estimates generated using the index flood method produced the poorest results in the Northwest Region. However, results were still reasonable and at lower quantiles, the RMSE was less than 10% of the mean expected value. When the estimators derived for the whole island were applied to this region they produced slightly better results. Thus with the exception of the Northwest Region, the use of regional index floods produced improved quantile estimates when compared to the estimates produced by equations developed for the whole island.


identifier: Waterfield, James Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Waterfield=3AJames_Joseph=3A=3A.html>   (1989) Stratigraphy, sedimentology and palynology of Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, southwest Bylot Island, Northwest Territories, Canada.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Four new formations (the Bylot Island, Pond Inlet, Navy Board and Aktineq formations) are defined from the upper portion of Eclipse Group strata on the southwest coast of Bylot Island. The Bylot Island Formation represents basin plain deposition during a Late Maastrichtian transgression. The overlying Early Paleocene sandstones of the Pond Inlet Formation were deposited in basin margin fan-deltas and a shelf through submarine fan complex. This unit reflects a rejuvenation of local and distal source areas, and marks the beginning of a marine regression. The shale of the Navy Board Formation is the deeper, basin plain component of this depositional sequence. The deltaic sequence at the top of the Navy Board Formation and the fluviatile deposits of the Aktineq Formation mark the final regressive phase when a fluvial system of late Early Paleocene age prograded across the older marine units. A eustatic sea level fall is suggested as the control of sedimentation during this period. -- Two informal palynomorph zones identified in these rocks support intrabasinal lithostratigraphic correlations and establish formation ages. The Late Maastrichtian Hamulatisporis amplus - Ulmipollenites sp. 1 (HU) assemblage zone (dominated by long ranging species) contains specimens of Hamulatisporis amplus Stanley, Ulmipollenites sp.  1, Pesavis parva Kalgutkar and Sweet and Ceratiopsis diebelii (Alberti) Vozzhennikova. This zone is restricted to the Bylot Island Formation. The Early Paleocene Trivestibulopollenites betuloides - Triatriopollenites sp. 1 (TT) assemblage zone is dominated by reworked and long ranging species. It contains specimens of Trivestibulopollenites betuloides Thomson and Pflug, Triatriopollenites sp. 1, Sequoiapollenites paleocenicus and Ceratiopsis speciosa (Alberti) Lentin and Williams. This zone is further divided into two subzones (TTa and TTb) on the basis of abundance of selected species. These abundance changes reflect a change in depositional environment. -- KEY WORDS: Bylot Island; Eclipse Group; Cretaceous; Tertiary; Stratigraphy; Sedimentology; Palynology.


identifier: Li, Nan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Li=3ANan=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Study of patterns of medical care utilization using computer algorithms.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The main purpose of this study is to investigate and characterize patterns of medical care utilization, specifically, to discover if there are associations between patterns of medical care utilization and demographic variables, socioeconomic status, and area of residence for three diagnostic groups (cardiovascular disease, mental disease and chronic respiratory conditions) across three geographical categories which divide the island into three areas by degree of urbanization. This study focuses on ambulatory physician visits which included outpatient, emergency room, and office visits, and excludes physician visits to hospitalized patients and visits to nursing home residents. It uses secondary data generated by the Newfoundland Panel on Health and Medical Care (NPHMC). The NPHMC began with a cross-sectional telephone survey in 1994-95 (random single-stage cluster sample of households selected by RDD); respondents who gave written consent to access medical care databases became the utilization panel. This panel was then linked to utilization databases - hospital separations and physicians' claims - using the provincial health insurance number, for a seven-year period (April 1, 1992 - March 31, 1999). The analysis in this thesis includes 678 subjects for cardiovascular disease, 402 subjects for mental disease, and 942 subjects for chronic respiratory conditions, 20 years or older, residing in the province of Newfoundland, Canada, and followed for four years (April 1, 1992-March 31,1996). -- Patterns of utilization in the three diagnostic groups were investigated by dividing the four-year study period into 16 trimesters and using SAS programs to identify five main patterns of care: non-episodic, isolated episodes, and continuous episodes over 2-5, 6-11, or 12-16 consecutive trimesters. Respondents were assigned to one of three classifications by urbanization level: metropolitan St. John's, other urban, and remote, which acted as a proxy for level of medical care resources. -- The hypothesis that demographic and socioeconomic variables, and geographical categories were associated with patterns of medical care utilization was tested separately for hospitalizations and physicians' visits. Residents in metropolitan St. John's are more likely to have continuous episodes than those in other urban or remote areas no matter what diagnosis they have. Residents in remote areas are more likely to be hospitalized than those in urban areas. The respondents who are older and have lower socioeconomic scores are more likely to have continuous episodes of GP visits for the three diagnoses. Generally, respondents with any of the three diagnoses are more likely to be older, have poorer health and lower socioeconomic scores, and live in urban areas as compared to those without the three diagnoses. -- Descriptive and multivariate analyses clarify the complex association with demographic and socioeconomic variables, as well as with the urban variable. It appears from the analysis that even in a society with universal medical coverage there is an increase in continuous episodes for specialist visits in the urban areas of the three diagnostic groups, and an increase in the continuous episodes for GP visits in the urban areas for all subjects. The subjects in the remote areas have a higher probability of being hospitalized for the three diagnostic groups. As expected, access has significant influence on patterns of specialist visits. This study provides some evidence to increase knowledge  of the factors which determine patterns of medical care utilization for the three diagnostic groups.


identifier: Lundrigan, Heather J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lundrigan=3AHeather_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Understanding recreational use of the Western Newfoundland Model Forest.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The recreational participation, environmental attitudes, and knowledge, of Western Newfoundland Model Forest residents were examined through the use of a mail survey. Environmental attitudes were measured with the New Environmental Paradigm scale, as well as questions about environmental issues inside the model forest. Attitudes and knowledge were used to discriminate between consumptive recreationists, nonconsumptive recreationists, and nonparticipants. Results indicated that consumptive recreationists were more knowledgeable about the model forest than either nonconsumptive recreationists or nonparticipants. While it was anticipated that consumptive recreationists would have less environmentally positive attitudes than the other two groups, no substantial differences were found. This socioeconomic study was the first of its kind to be carried out in the Western Newfoundland Model Forest, and implications of the findings for forestry management are discussed.


identifier: Wilson, Douglas James <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wilson=3ADouglas_James=3A=3A.html>   (1996) Bedform patterns in nearshore sands.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Bedform patterns in nearshore sands

abstract: In this thesis a self-organization mechanism is shown to reproduce the observed patterns of ripples in nearshore sands under waves. When viewed from above, these ripples assume a variety of patterns, including linear, brick pattern, oblique crossed sets, and lunate forms. Experimental and modeling evidence combine to demonstrate that the factors controlling bedform pattern include wave height and wave asymmetry, and the mechanisms of formation include self-organization in which the shape of the bed modifies the trajectories of those sand particles which are in motion such that a specific bed pattern is reinforced. In particular, the formation of crossed sets of ripples oblique to the incident wave direction is difficult to explain except by the self-organization mechanism described in this work, hence these crossed ripple sets are the principal focus here. -- Previous field observations have associated these different patterns with depth and hence distance from shore, but little quantitative work has been done due to difficulties in making observations. In this study difficulties in making quantitative field observations were overcome by using a remotely operated, bottom mounted rotating head sidescan sonar system to image the bottom bedforms, and electromagnetic current meters and pressure sensors mounted on the same frame to quantify the wave forcing. Experimental results from a field experiment at Burley Beach, Ontario and wave tank results from two experiments at the National Research Council wave flume in Ottawa are presented. A simple computer simulation is developed to establish mechanisms of formation of the ripple pattern types observed. -- Cross-ripples appeared in the field study at the rise and decline of each storm under similar wave conditions each time. In the wave flume cross-ripples were observed for two different sand grain sizes under regular waves, grouping waves, and irregular waves. Thus cross-ripples are formed under a range of sand sizes and wave conditions. The computer model produces cross-ripples when there is asymmetry in the forcing under sufficiently energetic wave conditions. This is consistent with the field and laboratory results. There are no length scales of forcing in the model which correspond to the length scales of the bedforms produced. The sum of these observations supports the theory that cross-ripples form as a result of the self-organization mechanism.


identifier: Wiseman, Ronald <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wiseman=3ARonald=3A=3A.html>   (1994) Potential field modelling and interpretation along the Lithoprobe East onshore seismic reflection transects across the Newfoundland Appalachians.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Canadian Appalachians have been, and continue to be, an area of great geological interest. The island of Newfoundland is an ideal location to study the Appalachian orogen, and a study of Newfoundland geology led to the initial tectono-stratigraphic subdivision of the orogen. -- The Lithoprobe East program began an intensive study of the Appalachians in Canada, with much of the geological and geophysical research carried out in  Newfoundland. In 1989 three Vibroseis transects across the island were shot. In addition, physical property and Bouguer gravity measurements were carried out along the transects to allow a potential field study. -- This thesis consists of a presentation of the potential field data for areas surrounding each of the transects, and application of several processing techniques applied to the data to elucidate the more subtle features of the fields. -- Traditional 2½-D potential field modelling is undertaken using constraints from the Vibroseis data and physical property data to develop a model of the crust across the Newfoundland Appalachians. The results from the processing are then used to interpret the crustal structure away from the seismic line. -- In general it is  found that the major features on the potential field maps  can be explained by sources in the upper crust. Most of the major terrane bounding faults have significant geophysical signatures as the terranes exhibit differing potential field character. -- Most of the Appalachian terrane or tectono-stratigraphic boundaries are observed to be northwest-directed thrusts. The Red Indian Line and  the Day Cove Thrust appear to be exceptions, in that they  exhibit a northwesterly dip. -- The Dunnage Zone material  consists of oceanic remnants of the Iapatus Ocean which have been thrust upon the continental margin of North America. -- The gravity and magnetic processing and modelling are a good supplement to the Vibroseis data for  studying the Appalachian Orogen in Newfoundland. These data are able to identify terrane boundaries which are not directly observed on the Vibroseis data due to gaps in the coverage.


identifier: Petibon, Caroline Marie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Petibon=3ACaroline_Marie=3A=3A.html>   (1999) The genesis of natrocarbonatites : constraints from experimental petrology and trace element partioning.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Carbonatites have been widely studied because of their unusual composition and as a key to understanding the geochemical evolution of the mantle. Natrocarbonatites from Oldoinyo Lengai (Tanzania) received special attention because this is the only active carbonatite volcano. Although carbonatites from Oldoinyo Lengai are exceptionally sodic compared to others, many authors have  tried to include these lavas in a broader framework of carbonatite petrogenesis which explains the majority of carbonatites. -- Various aspects of the petrogenesis of natrocarbonatites from Oldoinyo Lengai have been previously studied. However, previous experimental studies provided little trace element partitioning data between silicate and carbonate liquids at conditions suitable for a comparison with the natural lavas. Moreover, no study has been done on the crystallisation of natrocarbonatites once exsolved. -- The aim of this study was two-fold. The first part was to demonstrate that silicate-bearing natrocarbonatites fractionate to silicate-free natrocarbonatites. The second part focussed  on how liquid immiscibility produces silicate-bearing, not silicate-free, natrocarbonatites, and on constraining  the conditions of liquid immiscibility between silicate-bearing natrocarbonatite and conjugate wollastonite nephelinite. -- The experiments were prepared using natural lavas as starting materials. The comparison between phase assemblages, and major and trace element data on natural lavas and on experimental run products was used to constrain the conditions of formation of the natural lavas. The fractionation of the silicate-bearing natrocarbonatite to produce silicate-free natrocarbonatite was studied using experiments at 100 and  20 MPa, 550-900 °C. Results showed that silicate-free natrocarbonatites could be the product of in situ crystallisation of silicate-bearing natrocarbonatites at ~ 20 MPa, 600 °C. Liquid immiscibility between silicate-bearing natrocarbonatites and wollastonite nephelinites was studied using experiments prepared with different mixtures of natrocarbonatite and nephelinite at 20-200 MPa, 700-900 °C. Silicate-bearing natrocarbonatites were suggested to exsolve from wollastonite nephelinite at ~ 100 MPa, 750 °C. -- The degree of polymerisation of the silicate melt is important in describing the liquid immiscibility process. Therefore, major and trace element  partitioning between immiscible liquids was discussed as a function of the structure of the silicate liquid. However, it was shown that the formation of carbonato- and halogen-complexes in both liquids makes the determination of the role of each liquid difficult. -- Natrocarbonatites or their parental magma (melilite nephelinite) are more likely not to reach the surface than calciocarbonatites or their parental magma (olivine nephelinite). Consequently, they must be widespread in the lithospheric mantle as efficient metasomatic agents.


identifier: Hodder, Jody <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hodder=3AJody=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Integration of geophysical, geochemical and geological data to derive a metallogenic model for the Deer Lake Basin, Western Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study examines fluid flow from and within the Carboniferous Deer Lake lacustrine Basin and adjacent Paleozoic basement, using potential field, geological and geophysical data. Whole rock samples were collected throughout the basin and were subjected to a number of analytical techniques to determine isotopic major and trace element geochemistry. A fluid inclusion study was also undertaken to determine temperatures and salinities of fluids. -- Gravity and magnetic residuals suggest that the basement within the basin is block faulted. The basin can be divided up into eight distinct sections of fault bounded blocks based on the character of the potential field anomaly maps. The combined potential field and geochemical data show that some forms of mineralization in the basin occur near residual gravity and magnetic highs while other forms are correlated with high magnetic gradients. The trends indicate the association of mineralization and hydrocarbon deposits with the underlying basement topography and the faults that formed structural conduits along which these fluids migrated. The association of bitumen samples with mineralizing fluids appears to be the result of their utilization of the same regional fault system for migration. Formation of mineral deposits is a secondary feature related to structural and stratigraphic features and are controlled by the major basement faults.


identifier: Krauss, Jason B. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Krauss=3AJason_B=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2002) High-pressure (HP), granulite-facies thrusting in a thick-skinned thrust system in the eastern Grenville Province, central Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In the eastern Grenville Province of central Labrador, the Grenvillian Grand Lake thrust system (GLTS) comprises  part of a thick-skinned thrust system separating the allochthonous and parautochthonous Grenvillian terranes. North-northwest directed thrusting on the GLTS during the  Grenvillian orogeny carried the Labradorian (1710-1600 Ma) rocks of the Cape Caribou River Allochthon (CCRA) and  the overlying Mealy Mountains terrane (MMT), onto a footwall composed of similar aged granitoid gneisses of the Groswater Bay and Lake Melville Terranes (GBT and LMT). The CCRA is principally composed of an AMCG suite, with the GLTS comprising a basal shear zone about 1km thick characterized by mylonite and straight gneisses developed under granulite- and upper amphibolite-facies conditions. Lithologies in the GLTS include highly strained dioritic to granitic orthogneiss (straight gneiss) comprising alternating mafic and felsic layers consisting of a mineralogy composed of garnet, clinopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase, quartz and minor orthopyroxene which locally defines the stretching lineation. The footwall rocks of the GBT and LMT were metamorphosed under upper amphibolite facies conditions during Labradorian orogenesis. -- Field studies and published U-Pb data indicate that the extent of mylonitization and recrystallization induced by thrusting  along the GLTS diminish rapidly upward into the allochthon and downward into the footwall rocks. U-Pb metamorphic ages within the CCRA and footwall rocks are Labradorian (1710-1600 Ma), whereas U-Pb metamorphic ages   from the recrystallized rocks of the GLTS define two Grenvillian populations at 1040 and ~1010 Ma, which are correlated with the Ottawan and Rigolet orogenies respectively. -- Detailed analysis of appropriate, low variance mineral assemblages within the GLTS and adjacent   footwall and hangingwall rocks was carried out to determine the P-T conditions of thrusting during the Grenvillian orogenesis using the TWEEQU software. Resultant P-T estimates associated with Grenvillian thrusting in the GLTS yield a consistent grouping of ~875    ± 50°C and 14 kbar using garnet-clinopyroxene and garnet-amphibole thermobarometry on the porphyroblastic assemblage, and 700 ± 50°C and 6-9 kbar using garnet-amphibole thermobarometry on the matrix assemblage, consistent with textural and mineralogical evidence of decompression. On the basis of core-rim P-T vectors in single grains it is concluded that non-synchronous closure of the geobarometric and geothermometric reactions occurred in some samples, and thus the highest P-T estimates are 'apparent peak' estimates that underestimate the true peak conditions. Although unquantified, the degree of underestimation of peak conditions is considered to be small on the basis of independent petrological considerations. -- Detailed petrography has revealed a wide range of fabrics elements  that are related to thrusting, but a precise link between  the P-T estimates and the available U-Pb database is not currently possible. A tentative tectonic model for this part of the Grenville orogen involves formation of a crustal-scale orogenic wedge by thrust imbrication during  the Ottawan orogeny (~1040 Ma), with development of high-pressure (HP) granulites (~875 °C and ~14 kbar) at the base of the wedge. The HP granulites were uplifted up a crustal-scale ramp and exhumed during both Ottawan (~1040  Ma) and Rigolet times (~1010-1000 Ma). Recrystallization in the GLTS during the Rigolet orogeny took place below the closure temperature for the Fe-Mg exchange geothermometers employed and must have been principally driven by ingress of H₂O and dynamic recrystallization. It is inferred that rapid uplift, exhumation and cooling of the orogenic wedge were facilitated by normal faulting  at the top of the wedge, which brought the Mealy Mountains terrane, virtually unmetamorphosed during the Grenvillian orogenesis, into tectonic contact with the CCRA with the HP granulite-facies GLTS shear zone at its base. -- This study points out the importance of integration of metamorphic petrology with geochronology in tectonic studies and emphasizes the significance of deformation as a mechanism to induce recrystallization and resetting of geothermobarometers and U-Pb systematics  in dry metamorphic rocks.


identifier: Lane, Thomas E. (Thomas Edward) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lane=3AThomas_E=2E_=28Thomas_Edward=29=3A=3A.html>   (1990) Dolomitization, brecciation and zinc mineralization and their paragenetic, stratigraphic and structural relationships in the Upper St.George Group (Ordovician) at Daniel's Harbour, western Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The sphalerite deposit at Newfoundland Zinc Mines near Daniels Harbour, western Newfoundland is situated in the upper part of the Lower Ordovician St. George Group, a complex of dolostones, limestones and breccias in the middle of a Lower Paleozoic shallow-water, carbonate platform sequence. It is a zinc-dominated Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) deposit, a subtype of MVTs that is characteristic of the Appalachians. This study shows that  zinc mineralization occurred during one phase of a complex history of repeated dolomitization and fracturing  of the host carbonates along northeast-trending lineaments. This history is interpreted through an integrated analysis of the sedimentologic, stratigraphic and structural framework, petrography, cathodoluminescence and geochemistry. -- The upper St. George Group carbonates were deposited along the edge of the tropical Iapetus Ocean during Early to early Middle Ordovician time when the passive continental margin began  to experience the initial effects of plate convergence. Shallow subtidal muddy carbonates (Catoche Formation) shallowed upwards into restricted-water, rhythmically interbedded peloidal grainstones and mudstones (Peloidal or Costa Bay Member) and peritidal laminites and burrow-mottled mudstones (Aguathuna Formation). Deformation and fragmentation of the platform and marine regression during early Middle Ordovician time resulted in the regional St. George Unconformity and the formation of rock-matrix breccias from subsurface karst. The mine stratigraphy records a minimum of 5 stages of faulting, subsurface dissolution and erosion of the platform at this time. The platform was gradually flooded during Middle Ordovician time as the upper member of the Aguathuna Formation and limestones of the Table Point Formation were deposited over the St. George Unconformity. Continued convergence of the continental margin caused collapse of the platform and generation of a foreland basin in which a thick sequence of siliciclastic flysch was deposited and eventually overridden by Taconic thrust sheets. -- Seven dolomite crystal types or generations (I through VII) crystallized  in four major settings. Microcrystalline, syngenetic dolostones (I) with enriched ¹HO replaced subtidal to peritidal mudstones at or near the surface. Some of these  dolostones were then incorporated as clasts in conglomerates and solution breccias. Composite diagenetic  crystals (II) grew during burial forming turbid, replacive cores near surface and clear rims at depths where pressure solution (>300 m) was active. Pore-filling, clear, zoned dolomite cements (III) sealed most remaining porosity in early dolostones. -- Epigenetic coarse dolostone/sphalerite (D/S) complexes overprinted the earlier dolomites. They formed around fracture systems as extensive stratabound bodies within, and local  discordant bodies across the Catoche Formation. Their development occurred in 5 main stages: (1) Regional compression generated linear, stratabound fracture zones along faults and around rock-matrix breccias, (2) Xenotopic pre-ore dolomites (IV) replaced dolostone-mottled limestones and formed zebra fabrics along fractures. (3) Hydrothermal (140ﾟC mode) ore fluids caused extensive dissolution of carbonates. (4) Sulphides  precipitated in two stages along fracture zones as fracturing, faulting and dissolution continued. (5) Post-ore hydrothermal dolomites (V, VI), dominated by replacive and pore-filling saddle dolomites with depleted  ¹HO, crystallized around widespread, dilatant fractures forming spar breccias, pseudobreccias and coarse sparry dolostones. Faults associated with regional uplift displaced the D/S complexes and formed fluid conduits creating a fourth and final environment for late fault-related, turbid dolomites (VII) which replaced limestones. -- The genesis of epigenetic dolostones and sulphides is interpreted to be the result of regional fracturing during the initial stages of the Siluro-Devonian Acadian Orogeny. Rising geothermal gradients generated by structural thickening of the crust probably caused warming of basinal fluids, the release of metals and sulphur from minerals in the sediments and basement and the formation of hydrothermal convection in the sedimentary pile. Steep fractures penetrated the base of the sedimentary pile and enabled fluids to rise directly from basement depths of 4 to 6 km. At the deposit site the warm, buoyant fluids rose to the top of fracture aquifers where they displaced cooler formation waters. Cooling, loss of CO₂, sulphate reduction and/or increased  pH probably accounted for sulphide precipitation.


identifier: Boger, Rebecca A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Boger=3ARebecca_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1997) The sedimentology, morphology and evolution of Two Gravel Barachoix, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A detailed study of gravel barrier beaches at Ship Cove and Big Barasway has shown significant differences in morphology, sediment texture and structures, as well as lateral variability within each system. The individual shoreline assemblages reflect differences in the amount and seasonal variability of sediment supply, in the hydrodynamic settings of the barachoix and, in the orientation with respect to the prevailing southwesterly waves. At Ship Cove, the bayhead barrier has a high elevation, steep beachface, and extensive cusp development; the morphology is a result of its swash alignment, its fixed sediment supply and high wave energy  reaching the barrier. The sediment shows a strong cross-shore sorting by shape and size, and cusps largely influence the orientation of clast fabrics. -- The presence of a gently-sloping subtidal and intertidal platform in the central 800 m and a 200 m-long vegetated island within the bayhead barrier system at Big Barasway, result in the development of separate and distinctive flow cells, each with differing dynamics and sedimentation. The swash alignment, the high wave energy, and the fixed sediment supply of the southern section result in a similar morphology and sediment texture to that at Ship Cove. -- The moderate wave energy reaching the northern section results in a gentler beachfront slope and lower elevation. In addition, the drift alignment and sediment removal along the northern section is causing a thinning of the barrier in areas and progradation in other places. Cross-shore sorting of sediment by shape and size is weaker than that at the southern end of Big Barasway and at Ship Cove. Clast fabrics are generally weaker, although strong orientations can occur. -- Overwashing and ice foot development act to modify both shorelines. Landward movement of the barriers is estimated at 0.3 - 0.9 m/year. The outlet at Big Barasway is stable, whereas that at Ship Cove opens and closes on a daily basis in mid- to late summer. Anthropogenic modification at Ship Cove has caused instability, as a result of aggregate removal and a forced northerly relocation of the outlet. Radiocarbon dates, sedimentological and archaeological data indicate that transgression is currently occurring along the southeast Placentia Bay shore, and further modification of the coastline is anticipated in the subsequent century.


identifier: Sheppard, Kevin Rick <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sheppard=3AKevin_Rick=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Stratigraphy and chronology of deglacial events at Highlands, southern St. George's Bay, Southwest Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis describes and interprets the sedimentology, geomorphology, and chronology of Quaternary deposits at Highlands, southern St. George's Bay, southwest
Newfoundland. These deposits are critical in understanding the glacial and deglacial history of the region, and whether retreat was interrupted by a climatic  reversal causing a readvance at ~12.6 ka BP across the lowlands around St. George's Bay. -- The physiography of the Highlands area consists of a low-relief coastal plain backed to the east and south by the Long Range and Anguille mountains, respectively. The coastal plain is dominated by gravel near the coast, with till outcropping  farther inland. The uplands are dominated by bedrock interspersed with till veneer. Late Wisconsinan ice, originating on the southern Long Range Mountains, covered  the entire area and extended to a terminal position offshore in St. George' Bay. Striations and clast fabrics  indicate that ice flow was generally west-northwestward and unconfined by topography. Deglacial ice flow was affected by topographic highs becoming diverted
southwestward down Codroy Valley and south of Bald Mountain. -- Retreat of ice across the lowlands occurred in a tidewater environment. Sediments exposed in the coastal sections relate to this retreat and were mostly deposited near the grounding-line on a subaqueous fan, as  sediment and meltwater entered the sea via a subglacial jet. Two distinct sedimentary sequences relating to the surface topography occur along the coast. The coast is dominated by planar surfaces at 18 to 20 m asl and 24 to 26 m asl, interrupted by the Highlands ridge ranging from  34 m asl at the coast, to >60 m asl inland. Exposures through the planar surfaces consist generally of
bedrock, overlain successively by diamicton, mud, sand, gravel, and sand and silt. These represent a deglacial sequence from subglacial and proglacial deposition of the  diamicton; to glaciomarine sedimentation of the mud and sand; and glaciofluvial/fluvial deposition of the gravel on outwash terraces. Sand and silt capping the coastal sections are interpreted as aeolian deposits. -- Exposures through where Highlands ridge intersects the coast (Highlands section) consist of mud, overlain sequentially by sand and gravel; diamicton; gravel and gravelly sand; and sand and silt. This section represents  the more proximal part of the grounding-line fan. Diamicton forms a continuous unit along the top of the Highlands section, grading laterally from structureless to stratified, and has characteristics of subglacial, proglacial, sediment gravity flow, and rainout depositional processes. At one site, a fossiliferous diamicton is interpreted to be deposited by a combination  of sediment gravity flows, suspension settling from meltwater plumes and ice rafting, and traction currents. A radiocarbon date of 13 680 ± 90 BP (Beta-120124) on paired shells from this diamicton is interpreted to represent the date of its emplacement. This date lies within the range of all other dates (~13.1 to 14 ka BP) on marine organisms from sediments along the coast of southern St. George's Bay, and suggests that deposition of the diamicton was contemporaneous with sedimentation in all areas along the coast. Evidence to support a climatically induced readvance at ~12.6 ka BP was not found.