title: CCK, dietary variety, and food intake in rats /

subject: Ingestion Ingestion Cholecystokinin. Rats.

abstract:
Among the environmental factors that can affect food intake is the extent of dietary variety
available in the environment. Numerous studies have demonstrated that variety in a meal can
increase the amount of food consumed in humans, rats, and other species. A physiological
mechanism that has been demonstrated to affect food intake is the gut peptide cholecystokinin
(CCK) which is released from the upper small intestine during the ingestion of food. Peripherally
administered CCK has a robust inhibitory effect on the intake of a single-food meal. Thus, dietary
variety and CCK both affect meal size, with dietary variety increasing intake and CCK decreasing
intake. This raises the question ofhow dietary variety and CCK might interact to affect meal size.
Previous studies of CCK's effects have focused on situations in which only one food was available
for consumption. However, in an animal's natural environment it would frequently occur that the
animal would come across a number of foods either simultaneously or in quick succession, thus
providing the animal access to a variety of foods during a meal. Accordingly, the effect ofCCK
on food intake in single-food and multiple-food meals was examined. It was found that food
intake was greater in multiple-food than in single-food meals provided that foods in the multiplefood
meal were presented either simultaneously or in increasing order of preference. When foods
in the multiple-food meal were presented in decreasing order of preference, intake was similar to
that observed in single-food meals. In addition, it was found that CCK inhibited food intake in a
dose-dependent manner, and that its effects on food intake were similar regardless of meal type.
Therefore, the inhibitory effects ofCCK were not diminished when a variety of foods were
available for consumption. Furthermore, the finding that CCK did not differentially affect the
intake of the two types of meals does not provide support for the recent-foods hypothesis which
postulates that CCK decreases food intake by reducing the palatability of only recently consumed
foods. However, it is consistent with the all-foods hypothesis, which predicts that CCK reduces
food intake by decreasing the palatability of all foods.
The 600 ng/kg dose of the CCK^-antagonist lorglumide significantly antagonized the
inhibitory effect of exogenous CCK on food intake, and the magnitude of this effect was similar
for both types of meal. These results suggest that exogenous CCK inhibits food intake through
the activation ofCCK^ receptors. However, when administered by itself, the 600^ig/kg dose of
lorglumide did not increase food intake in either single-food or multiple-food meals, suggesting
that peripheral endogenous CCK may not play a major role in the control of food intake.


title: Dinocyst biochronology and palynofacies : inferred systems tract character of Miocene sequences from New Jersey mid-Atlantic transect (ODP legs 174A and 174AX) /

subject:
Geology, Stratigraphic
Geochronometry.
Dinoflagellate cysts.
Sea level.

abstract:
One of the main objectives of the mid-Atlantic transect is to improve dating
resolution of sequences and unconfonnity surfaces. Dinoflagellate cysts from two Ocean
Drilling Program boreholes, the onshore Leg 174AX Ocean View Site and Leg 174A
continental shelf Site 1071, are used to provide age estimates for sequences and
unconfonnities fonned on the New Jersey continental margin during the Miocene epoch.
Despite the occasional lack of dinocysts in barren and oxidized sections, dinocyst
biochronology still offers greater age control than that provided by other microfossils in
marginal marine environments. An early Miocene to late Miocene chronology based on ages
detennined for the two study sites is presented.
In addition, .palynofacies are used to unravel the systems tract character of the
Miocene sequences and provide insight into the effects of taphonomy and preservation of
palynomorphs in marginal marine and shelf environments under different ~ea level
conditions. More precise placement of maximum flooding surfaces is possible through the
identification of condensed sections and palynofacies shifts can also reveal subaerially
exposed sections and surfaces not apparent in seismic or lithological analyses. The problems
with the application of the pollen record in the interpretation of Miocene climate are also
discussed. Palynomorphs provide evidence for a second-order lowering of sea level during
the Miocene, onto which higher order sea level fluctuations are super-imposed. Correlation
of sequences and unconfonnities is attempted between onshore boreholes and from the
onshore Ocean View borehole to offshore Site 1071.


title: Engaging China : the case of the South China Sea /

subject:
Sea-power
Security, International.


title: An examination of Simone de Beauvoir's theme of situated embodiment

subject:
Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986
Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986

abstract:
Abstract
This thesis is an examination of Simone de Beauvoir's theme of situated
embodiment. The aim of the thesis is to demonstrate that the theme of situated
embodiment was a concern of Beauvoir's since early childhood and that it was this
interest which was the impetus for Beauvoir's later philosophical notion of authentic
embodiment. Through the examination of Beauvoir's autobiographies it becomes evident
that Beauvoir consistently demonstrates an early awareness that one's situation will be
expressed through one's body. This idea is also present in Beauvoir's novels. In the
novels it is shown that many of the characters are struggling within authentic
embodiment. Beauvoir also fictionalizes many of her own experiences in the novels.
These novels are used as concrete examples of Beauvoir's philosophy. Through
Beauvoir's philosophical works it becomes evident that authentic embodiment will
include the notions of freedom, ambiguity, and reciprocity. All are crucial when trying to
live an authentic existence. Beauvoir's philosophy also focuses on marginalized groups
who are in the position ofthe Other. One of the marginalized groups studied are women,
and this thesis investigates Beauvoir's understanding of why woman is in the position of
the Other. This thesis also addresses two feminist criticisms of Beauvoir's study on
women. These criticisms are argued against in an effort to defend the notion ofauthentic
situated embodiment as delineated in the first three chapters. Overall it is established that
Beauvoir's early experiences allowed for her to form the philosophical idea of situated
embodiment that lies at the core of her philosophy.


title: A five factor model of grief : a q-methodological study /

subject:
Q technique.
Grief.

abstract:
Q-methodology permitted 41 people to communicate their perspective of grief. In
an attempt to clarify the research to date and to allow those who have experienced this
human journey to direct the scientists, 80 statements were chosen to present to the
participants based on the research from academic and counselling sources. Five different
perspectives emerged from the Q-sorts and factor analysis. Each perspective was valuable
for the understanding of different groups of mourners. They were interpreted using
questionnaire data and interview information. They are as follows: Factor 1- Growth
Optimism; Factor 2 - Schema Destruction and Negative Affect; Factor 3- Identification
with the Deceased Person; Factor 4- Intact World view with High Clarity and High Social
Support; Factor 5- Schema Destruction with High Preoccupation and Attention to
Emotion.
Some people grow in the face of grief, others hold on to essentially the same
schemas and others are devastated by their loss. The different perspectives reported
herein supply clues to the sources of these differing outcomes. From examination of
Factor 1, it appears that a healthy living relationship helps substantially in the event of
loss. An orientation toward emotions that encourages clarity, exemplified by Factor 4,
without hyper-vigilance to emotion may be helpful as well. Strategies for maintaining
schematic representations of the world with little alteration include: identification with
the values of the deceased person, as in Factor 3 and reliance on social support and/or
God as demonstrated by Factor 4. When the relationship had painful periods, social
support may be accessed to benefit some mourners.
When the person's frame of reference or higher order schemas are assaulted by
the events of loss, the people most at risk for traumatic grief seem to be those with
difficult relationships as indicated by Factor 5 individuals. When low social support, high
attention to emotion with low clarity and little belief that feelings can be altered for the
better are also attributes of the mourner devastating grief can result. In the end, there are
groups of people who are forced to endure the entire process of schema destruction and
devastation. Some appear to recover in part and others appear to stay in a form of
purgatory for many years. The results of this study suggest that, those who experience
devastating grief may be in the minority. In the future interventions could be more
specifically addressed if these perspectives are replicated in a larger, more detailed study.


title: Native women, theory and research : contexts and contestations

contributor: Social Justice and Equity Studies Program

subject:
Native women
Native women
Indigenous women
Indigenous women
Feminist theory.

abstract:
In this thesis I outline a critical approach to interpreting the considerable
academic literature on Aboriginal women in North America. I locate the scholarship
concerning Native women within an understanding of three developments related to a
philosophy of science: (I) paradigmatic shifts concerning the philosophy of science, (2)
materialist-idealist debates and (3) transitions in feminist theory characterized by what is
tenned the shift from second to third wave feminism. My exploration of emergent themes
suggests that the elements indicated above provide overlapping frameworks within which
most scholarship about Indigenous women is positioned.
I illustrate my finding that employing critical discourse analysis and postcolonial
feminism as both method and theory provides a useful approach in attending to
intersecting experiences of 'race, class, and gender.' I view these intersecting experiences
as central to the socio-political positioning of Indigenous women within contemporary
feminist theorizing. I conclude my thesis by reflecting on the conceptual struggles I
experienced in fonnulating and organizing the thesis and the significance of my
underlying epistemological position and value-orientation as both a feminist and Native
woman.


title: A qualitative study of inclusion at a residential summer camp

subject:
Camps for children with disabilities.
Children with disabilities
Camps

abstract:
The purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand the inclusion process
at a Project Rainbow affiliated camp. Project Rainbow is a non-profit organization which
promotes inclusion into children's camps in Ontario. This study was completed in order
to provide stakeholders of the camping industry insight on how inclusive techniques can
be implemented in residential camps. The researcher observed one camp's inclusion
techniques for six days. The researcher observed three campers with disabilities and the
camp staff and campers that interacted with them on a daily basis. While the researcher
was at the camp, she interviewed nine staff members. The staff members consisted of the
camp director, the inclusion coordinator, four camp counsellors, and three inclusion
counsellors. An additional interview was conducted after arriving home from camp with
the manager from Project Rainbow. The qualitative analysis program NVivo was used to
help organize the analyzed data. The researcher found that in attempting to build a culture
of inclusion, two important concepts are necessary. First, mutual leadership involved the
camp director and Project Rainbow working together as a team to facilitate the inclusion
process. Second, power of supportive relationships focused on inclusion being the
responsibility of everyone, teamwork, and creating a welcoming environment. Hints at
some potentially serious problems related to staff training, teamwork, and attitudes of
non-disabled campers pointed to future research and policies which focus on the Ontario
and Canadian Camping Associations' role in inclusion, in addition to camp in this study
and Project Rainbow.


title: Reality status evaluations in mediated experiences /

subject:
Reality.
Perception.
Cognitive psychology.

abstract:
This paper explores the cognitive functions of the Reality Status Evaluation (RSE) system in our
experiences of narrative mediated messages (NMM) (fictional, narrative, audio-visual one-way
input and moving picture messages), such as fictional TV programs and films. We regard reality
in mediated experiences as a special mental and emotional construction and a multi-dimensional
concept. We argue that viewers' reality sense in NMM is influenced by many factors with "real
- on" as the default value. Some of these factors function as primary mental processes, including
the content realism factors of those messages such as Factuality (F), Social Realism (SR), Life
Relevance (LR), and Perceptual Realism - involvement (PR), which would have direct impacts
on reality evaluations. Other factors, such as Narrative Meaning (NM), Emotional Responses,
and personality trait Absorption (AB), will influence the reality evaluations directly or through
the mediations of these main dimensions.
I designed a questionnaire to study this theoretical construction. I developed items to form scales
and sub-scales measuring viewers' subjective experiences of reality evaluations and these
factors. Pertinent statistical techniques, such as internal consistency and factorial analysis, were
employed to make revisions and improve the quality of the questionnaire.
In the formal experiment, after viewing two short films, which were selected as high or low
narrative structure messages from previous experiments, participants were required to answer the
questionnaire, Absorption questionnaire, and SAM (Self-Assessment Manikin, measuring
immediate emotional responses). Results were analyzed using the EQS, structural equation
modeling (SEM), and discussed in terms oflatent relations among these subjective factors in
mediated experience. The present results supported most of my theoretical hypotheses. In NMM,
three main jactors, or dimensions, could be extracted in viewers' subjective reality evaluations:
Social Realism (combining with Factuality), Life Relevance and Perceptual Realism. I designed
two ways to assess viewers' understanding of na"ative meanings in mediated messages,
questionnaire (NM-Q) and rating (NM-R) measurement, and its significant influences on reality
evaluations was supported in the final EQS models. Particularly in high story stnlcture
messages, the effect of Narrative Meaning (NM) can rarely be explained by only these
dimensions of reality evaluations. Also, Empathy seems to playa more important role in RSE of
low story structure messages. Also, I focused on two other factors that were pertinent to RSE in
NMM, the personality trait Absorption, and Emotional Responses (including two dimensions:
Valence and Intensity). Final model results partly supported my theoretical hypotheses about the
relationships among Absorption (AB), Social Realism (SR) and Life Relevance (LR); and the
immediate impact of Emotional Responses on Perceptual Realism cPR).


title: The role of the dopaminergic system in the production of ultrasonic calls in adult rats /

subject:
Dopaminergic mechanisms.
Dopamine.
Sound production by animals.
Rats
Ultrasonics.

abstract:
Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) are emitted by rats in a number of social situations
such as aggressive encounters, during sexual behavior, and during play in young rats,
situations which are predominantly associated with strong emotional responses. These
USV typically involve two distinct types of calls: 22 kHz calls, which are emitted in
aversive situations and 50 kHz calls, which are emitted in non-aversive, appetitive
situation. The 50 kHz calls are the focus of the present study and to date both the
glutamatergic and the dopaminergic systems have been independently implicated in the
production of these 50 kHz calls. The present study was conducted to examine a possible
relationship between glutamate (GLU) and dopamine (DA) in mediating 50 kHz calls. It
was hypothesized that the dopaminergic system plays a mediating role in 50 kHz calls
induced by injections ofGLU into the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic area (AHPOA) in
adult rats.
A total of 68 adult male rats were used in this study. Rats' USV were recorded
and analyzed in five experiments that were designed to test the hypothesis: in experiment
1, rats were treated with systemic amphetamine (AMPH) alone; in experiment 2, intra-
AHPOA GLU was pretreated with systemic AMPH; in experiment 3, intra-AHPOA GLU
was pretreated with intra-AHPOA AMPH; in experiment 4, rats were treated with high
and low doses of intra-AHPOA AMPH only; in experiment 5, rats were treated with
systemic haloperidol (HAL) as a pretreatment for intra-AHPOA GLU.
Analysis of the results indicated that AMPH has a facilitatory effect on 50 kHz
USV and that a relationship between DA and GLU in inducing 50 kHz calls does exist.
The effect, however, was only observed when DA receptors were antagonized with HAL
and was not seen with systemic AMPH pretreatments of intra-AHPOA GLU. The DAGLU
relationship at the AHPOA was unclear.


title: The role of the GABAergic system in the production of ultrasonic vocalization in rats /

subject:
GABA
Sound production by animals.
Rats
Ultrasonics.

abstract:
Ultrasonic vocalization plays an important role in intraspecies communication for rats. It
has been well demonstrated that rats will emit 22kHz vocalization in stressfiil or
threatening situations. Although the neural mechanism underlying vocahzation is not
well understood, it is known that chohnergic input to the basal forebrain induces such
alarm calls. A number of experiments have found that intracerebral injection of
carbachol, a predominantly muscarinic agonist, into die anterior hypothalamic/preoptic
area (AH/POA) rehably induces vocalization similar to naturally emitted ultrasonic calls.
It has also been shown that carbachol has extensive inhibitory effects on neuronal firing
in the same area. This result impUes that the inhibitory effects of carbachol in the
AH/POA could trigger vocahzation, and that the GABAergic system could be involved.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects ofGABA agonists and antagonists
on flie production of carbachol induced 22kHz vocalization. The following hypotheses
were examined: 1) apphcation ofGABA (a naturally occurring inhibitory
neurotransmitter) will have a synergistic effect with carbachol, increasing vocalization;
and 2) tiie apphcation ofGABA antagonists (picrotoxin or bicuculline) will reduce
caibachol-induced vocalization. A total of sixty rats were implanted with stainless steel
guide cannulae in the AH/POA area. After recovery, animals were locally pretreated with
1) GABA (l-40ng), 2) picrotoxin (1 .5^g) or bicuculhne (0.03ng), or 3) sahne; before
injection with carbachol (1 .5^g). The resulting vocalization was measured and
quantitated. The results indicate that pretreatment with GABA or GABA antagonists had
no significant effect on vocalization. Local pretreatment with GABA did not potentiate
the vocal response as measured by its duration, latraicy, and total number of calls.
Similarly, pretreatment with picrotoxin or bicuculline had no effects on the same
measures of vocalization. The results suggest tfiat chohnoceptive neurons involved in the
production of alarm calls are not under direct GABAergic control.


title: A sequential analysis of therapist scaffolding and child concept formation in narrative therapy

subject:
Narrative therapy.
Child Psychotherapy.

abstract:
Narrative therapy is a postmodern therapy that takes the position that people
create self-narratives to make sense of their experiences. To date, narrative therapy has
compiled virtually no quantitative and very little qualitative research, leaving gaps in
almost all areas of process and outcome. White (2006a), one of the therapy's founders,
has recently utilized Vygotsky's (1934/1987) theories of the zone of proximal
development (ZPD) and concept formation to describe the process of change in narrative
therapy with children. In collaboration with the child client, the narrative therapist
formalizes therapeutic concepts and submits them to increasing levels of generalization to
create a ZPD. This study sought to determine whether the child's development proceeds
through the stages of concept formation over the course of a session, and whether
therapists' utterances scaffold this movement.
A sequential analysis was used due to its unique ability to measure dynamic
processes in social interactions. Stages of concept formation and scaffolding were coded
over time. A hierarchical log-linear analysis was performed on the sequential data to
develop a model of therapist scaffolding and child concept development. This was
intended to determine what patterns occur and whether the stated intent of narrative
therapy matches its actual process. In accordance with narrative therapy theory, the log-linear analysis produced a
final model with interactions between therapist and child utterances, and between both
therapist and child utterances and time. Specifically, the child and youth participants in
therapy tended to respond to therapist scaffolding at the corresponding level of concept
formation. Both children and youth and therapists also tended to move away from earlier
and toward later stages of White's scaffolding conversations map as the therapy session
advanced. These findings provide support for White's contention that narrative therapists
promote child development by scaffolding child concept formation in therapy.


title: Worldview awareness and adult education /

contributor: Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education

subject:
Adult education.
Adult education
Adult education teachers.

abstract:
This research derived data from two sets of interviews with 18 participants who were
involved in adult education in either a community college or a university. The purpose
was to explore their worldview awareness. Through the interviews, the participants
shared their understanding of worldview as a term and concept and as something that
might be seen to apply in their practice of teaching. The responses indicated that there are
three kinds of awareness (noetic, experiential, and integrative) which appeared to develop
upon a landscape of constraints and opportunities. Constraints were seen to fall into the
5 broad categories of institutional, circumstantial, self-imposed, other-imposed, and
discipline-related constraints. Opportunities for developing awareness were linked to
individual experiences and could occur to different extents in many directions, on
different occasions, and in different phases of life. Through this research, and in spite
of the prevalence of worldview in the human experience, it was foimd that the term and
concept have remained on the margins of educational discourse. Consequently, theory,
research, and practice have been deprived of a useful and usable concept.


title: An analysis of the methyl rotation dynamics in the So (x' A) and T (a A) states of thioacetaldehyde from Pyrolysis jet spectra /

subject:
Thioacetaldehyde.
Pyrolysis.
Spectrum analysis.
Methyl groups
Rotation groups
Aerodynamics, Supersonic.
Aliphatic compounds.

abstract:
Jet-cooled, laser-induced phosphorescence excitation
spectra (LIP) of thioacetaldehyde CH3CHS, CH3CDS, CD3CHS and
CD3CDS have been observed over the region 15800 - 17300 cm"^ in
a continuous pyrolysis jet. The vibronic band structure of
the singlet-triplet n -* n* transition were attributed to the
strong coupling of the methyl torsion and aldehydic hydrogen
wagging modes . The vibronic peaks have been assigned in terms
of two upper electronic state (T^) vibrations; the methyl
torsion mode v^g, and the aldehydic hydrogen wagging mode v^^.
The electronic origin O^a^ is unequivocally assigned as
follows: CH3CHS (16294.9 cm"'' ), CH3CDS (16360.9 cm"'' ), CD3CHS
(16299.7 cm"^ ), and CD3CDS (16367.2 cm"'' ).
To obtain structural and dynamical information about the
two electronic states, potential surfaces V(e,a) for the 6
(methyl torsion) and a (hydrogen wagging) motions were
generated by ab initio quantum mechanical calculations with a
6-3 IG* basis in which the structural parameters were fully
relaxed. The kinetic energy coefficients BQ(a,e) , B^(a,G) , and
the cross coupling term B^(a,e) , were accurately represented
as functions of the two active coordinates, a and 9. The
calculations reveal that the molecule adopts an eclipsed
conformation for the lower Sq electronic state (a=0°,e=0"')
with a barrier height to internal rotation of 541.5 cm"^ which
is to be compared to 549.8 cm"^ obtained from the microwave
experiment. The conformation of the upper T^ electronic state
was found to be staggered (a=24 . 68° ,e=-45. 66° ) . The saddle
point in the path traced out by the aldehyde wagging motion
was calculated to be 175 cm"^ above the equilibrium
configuration. The corresponding maxima in the path taken by
methyl torsion was found to be 322 cm'\ The small amplitude normal vibrational modes were also calculated to aid in the
assignment of the spectra. Torsional-wagging energy manifolds
for the two states were derived from the Hamiltonian H(a,e)
which was solved variationally using an extended two
dimensional Fourier expansion as a basis set. A torsionalinversion
band spectrum was derived from the calculated energy
levels and Franck-Condon factors, and was compared with the
experimental supersonic-jet spectra. Most of the anomalies
which were associated with the interpretation of the observed
spectrum could be accounted for by the band profiles derived
from ab initio SCF calculations.
A model describing the jet spectra was derived by scaling
the ab initio potential functions. The global least squares
fitting generates a triplet state potential which has a
minimum at (a=22.38° ,e=-41.08°) . The flatter potential in the
scaled model yielded excellent agreement between the observed
and calculated frequency intervals.


title: Asymmetric cyclopropanation via catalysts incorporating the 1,4-diol ligands and the newly designed dioxaborolane /

subject:
Asymmetric synthesis.
Organic compounds
Catalysis.
Ligands.
Dioxolanes.
Enantioselective catalysis.

abstract:
The development of new methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral
organic compounds is a major focus in modem organic chemistry.
The use of chiral catalysts is replacing chiral auxiliaries as a new tool for
synthetic chemists. An efficient chiral catalyst allows for large quantities of optically
active product to be obtained on use of relatively small amount of enantiopure material,
without the need for the removal and recovery of a chiral auxiliary. Furthermore, the
most practical catalytic methods utilize an inexpensive and readily available chiral ligand
that can provide high and predictable enantioselectivity across a wide range of substrates.
In our project, two type of versatile, upgraded chiral ligands have been designed
and synthesized. Their application in Simmons-Smith type cyclopropanation is
investigated, and the pleasing results suggest that they are the potential catalytic
enantioselective candidates to build C-C bonds.


title: Attachment and alcohol : testing a motivational model of problem drinking /

subject:
Alcoholism
Attachment behavior.

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend a motivational model of problem
drinking (Cooper, Frone, Russel, & Mudar, 1995; Read, Wood, Kahler, Maddock &
Tibor, 2003), testing the notion that attachment is a common antecedent for both the
affective and social paths to problem drinking. The model was tested with data from three
samples, first-year university students (N=679), students about to graduate from
university (N=206), and first-time clients at an addiction treatment facility (N=21 1).
Participants completed a battery of questionnaires assessing alcohol use, alcohol-related
consequences, drinking motives, peer models of alcohol use, positive and negative affect,
attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Results underscored the importance of the
affective path to problem drinking, while putting the social path to problem drinking into
question. While drinking to cope was most prominent among the clinical sample, coping
motives served as a risk factor for problem drinking for both individuals identified as
problem drinkers and university students. Moreover, drinking for enhancement purposes
appeared to be the strongest overall predictor of alcohol use. Results of the present study
also supported the notion that attachment anxiety and avoidance are antecedents for the
affective path to problem drinking, such that those with higher levels of attachment
anxiety and avoidance were more vulnerable to experiencing adverse consequences
related to their drinking, explained in terms of diminished affect regulation. Evidence that
nonsecure attachment is a potent predictor of problem drinking was also demonstrated by
the finding that attachment anxiety was directly related to alcohol-related consequences
over and above its indirect relationship through affect regulation. However, results failed
to show that attachment anxiety or attachment avoidance increased the risk of problem
drinking via social influence.


title: Beyond g : putting multiple intelligences theory to the test /

subject: Multiple intelligences

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate Howard Gardner's (1983) Multiple
Intelligences theory, which proposes that there are eight independent intelligences:
Linguistic, Spatial, Logical/Mathematical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalistic,
Bodily-Kinesthetic, and Musical. To explore Gardner's theory, two measures of each
ability area were administered to 200 participants. Each participant also completed a
measure of general cognitive ability, a personality inventory, an ability self-rating scale,
and an ability self-report questionnaire. Nonverbal measures were included for most
intelligence domains, and a wide range of content was sampled in Gardner's domains.
Results showed that all tests of purely cognitive abilities were significantly correlated
with the measure of general cognitive ability, whereas Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, and
one of the Intrapersonal measures were not. Contrary to what Multiple Intelligences
theory would seem to predict, correlations among the tests revealed a positive manifold
and factor analysis indicated a large factor of general intelligence, with a mathematical
reasoning test and a classification task from the Naturalistic domain having the highest ^-
loadings. There were only minor sex differences in performance on the ability tests.
Participants' self-estimates of ability were significantly and positively correlated with
actual performance in some, but not all, intelligences. With regard to personality, a
hypothesized association between Openness to Experience and crystallized intelligence
was supported. The implications of the findings in regards to the nature of mental
abilities were discussed, and recommendations for further research were made.


title: Bone speed of sound, biochemical markers of bone turnover and IGF-1 in competetive synchronized swimmers

subject:
Osteoporosis
Bone densitometry.
Bones
Exercise for children

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to compare bone speed of sound (SOS) measured by
quantitative ultrasound, circulating levels of IGF- 1 and biochemical markers of bone
turnover in pre- (Pr) and post-menarcheal (Po) synchronized swimmers (SS) and controls
(NS). Seventy participants were recruited: 8 PrSS, 22 PoSS, 20 PrNS, and 20 PoNS.
Anthropometric measures of height, weight, skeletal maturity and percent body fat were
taken, and dietary intake evaluated using 24-hour recall. Bone SOS was measured at the
distal radius and mid-tibia and blood samples analyzed for IGF-1, osteocalcin, NTx, and
25-OH vitamin D. Results demonstrated maturational effects on bone SOS, IGF-1 and
bone turnover (p<0.05), with no differences observed between SS and NS. Main effects
were observed for a reduced caloric intake in SS compared to NS (p<0.05). Therefore, SS
does not offer additive affects on bone strength but imparts no adverse affects to skeletal
health in these athletes.


title: Buddhism and the earth : environmental thought in early Buddhist philosophy

subject:
Philosophy, Buddhist
Buddhism.

abstract:
Introduction
Fundamental to the philosophy of Buddhism, is the insight that there is
"unsatisfactohness" (dukkha) in the world and that it can be eliminated through the
practice of the Noble Eight Fold Path. Buddhism also maintains that the world as we
experience and entities that exist are bereft of any substantiality. Instead existence
is manifest through dependent origination. All things are conditional; nothing is
permanent. However, inherent in this dependent existence is the
interconnectedness of all beings and their subjection to the cosmic law of karma.
Part of cultivating the Eight Fold path includes a deep compassion for all other living
things, 'trapped' within this cycle of dependent origination. This compassion or
empathy (karuna) is crucial to the Buddhist path to enlightenment. It is this
emphasis on karuna that shows itself in Mahayana Buddhism with respect to the
theory of the boddhisatva (or Buddha-to-be) since the boddhisatva willingly
postpones his/her own enlightenment to help others on the same path. One of the
ramifications of the theory of dependent origination is that there is no
anthropocentric bias placed on humans over the natural world. Paradoxically the
doctrine of non-self becomes an ontology within Buddhism, culminating in the
Mayahana realization that a common boundary exists between samsara and
nirvana. Essential to this ontology is the life of dharma or a moral life. Ethics is not
separated from ontology.
As my thesis will show, this basic outlook of Buddhism has implications toward our
understanding of the Buddhist world-view with respect to the current human
predicament concerning the environment. While humans are the only ones who can
4

attain "Buddhahood", it is because of our ability to understand what it means to
follow the Eight fold path and act accordingly.
Because of the interconnectedness of all entities {dharmas), there is an ontological
necessity to eliminate suffering and 'save the earth' because if we allow the earth
to suffer, we ALL suffer. This can be understood as an ethical outlook which can be
applied to our interaction with and treatment of the natural environment or
environment in the broadest sense, not just trees plants rocks etc. It is an
approach to samsara and all within it. It has been argued that there is no ontology
in Buddhism due to its doctrine of "non-self". However, it is a goal of this thesis to
argue that there does exist an original ontology in Buddhism; that according to it,
the nature of Being is essentially neither "Being nor non-being nor not non-being"
as illustrated by Nagarjuna. Within this ontology is engrained an ethic or 'right
path' (samma marga) that is fundamental to our being and this includes a
compassionate relationship to our environment.
In this dissertation I endeavour to trace the implications that the Buddhist worldview
has for the environmental issues that assail us in our age of technology. I will
explore questions such as: can the Buddhist way of thinking help us comprehend
and possibly resolve the environmental problems of our day and age? Are there any
current environmental theories which are comparable to or share common ground
with the classical Buddhist doctrines? I will elucidate some fundamental doctrines of
early Buddhism from an environmental perspective as well as identify some
comparable modern environmental theories such as deep ecology and general
systems theory, that seem to share in the wisdom of classical Buddhism and have
much to gain from a deeper appreciation of Buddhism.


title: Buddy films and gender identity : representing the bonds of masculinity /

subject:
Male friendship in motion pictures.
Gender identity in motion pictures.

abstract:
The study examines the buddy film genre and the representation of masculinity in
relation to the homosocial and the homoerotic. As a genre, the buddy films focus
on male relationships, thematically seeking to mediate the boundaries
surrounding the homosocial continuum and the intimacy and eroticism implicit in
male bonding. Theories of genre, gender and identity are used to analyze the
construction of masculine identity within the films. By providing a qualitative
analysis of films from the 1960s to contemporary times, the research establishes
a relationship between social changes, attitudes toward men and depictions of
men. The buddy films adapt to address changes in the representation of
masculinity, embodied in the difference between the male couple in the films.
The early films of the 1960s served as templates that deconstructed traditional
representations of male identity through articulating the tension within
homosocial relationships. However, in the later films this tension became a
refle~ive convention, acting to undermine the eroticism onto a displaced Other.
The buddy film genre highlights the tension inherent to the male masquerade.
This tension is situated in the need to represent the protagonist's homosocial
relationship, while disavowing the eroticism that surrounds homosocial bonding.
The structure of the buddy film genre, which focuses on the exploration of
masculinity and representing the bonds of homosocial intimacy, makes these
films a significant site for investigating the cultural construction of masculine
identities.


title: Cognitive set, absorption, and achievement as moderators of the perceptual closure effect in picture priming /

subject:
Priming (Psychology)
Optical pattern recognition.
Cognition.

abstract:
The present study examined individual differences in Absorption and fantasy,
as well as in Achiievement and achievement striving as possible moderators of the
perceptual closure effect found by Snodgrass and Feenan (1990). The study also
examined whether different instructions (experiential versus instrumental) interact
with the personality variables to moderate the relationship between priming and
subsequent performance on a picture completion task. 1 28 participants completed
two sessions, one to fill out the MPQ and NEO personality inventories and the other
to complete the experimental task. The experimental task consisted of a priming
phase and a test phase, with pictures presented on a computer screen for both phases.
Participants were shown 30 pictures in the priming phase, and then shovm the 30
primed pictures along with 30 new pictures for the test phase. Participants were
randomly assigned to receive one of the two different instruction sets for the task.
Two measures of performance were calculated, most fragmented measure and
threshold.
Results of the present study confirm that a five-second exposure time is long
enough to produce the perceptual closure effect. The analysis of the two-way
interaction effects indicated a significant quadratic interaction of Absorption with
priming level on threshold performance. The results were in the opposite direction of
predictions. Possible explanations for the Absorption results include lack of optimal
conditions, lack of intrinsic motivation and measurement problems. Primary analyses
also revealed two significant between-subject effects of fantasy and achievement
striving on performance collapsed across priming levels. These results suggest that
fantasy has a beneficial effect on performance at test for pictures primed at all levels,
whereas achievement striving seems to have an adverse effect on performance at test
for pictures primed at all levels.
Results of the secondary analyses with a revised threshold performance
measure indicated a significant quadratic interaction of Absorption, condition and
priming level. In the experiential condition, test performance, based on Absorption
scores for pictures primed at level 4, showed a positive slope and performance for
pictures primed at levels 1 and 7 based on Absorption showed a negative slope. The
reverse effect was found in the instrumental condition. The results suggest that
Absorption, in combination with experiential involvement, may affect implicit
memory. A second significant result of the secondary analyses was a linear three-way
interaction of Achievement, condition and priming level on performance. Results
suggest that as Achievement scores increased, test performance improved for less
fragmented primed pictures in the instrumental condition and test performance
improved for more highly fragmented primes in the experiential condition. Results
from the secondary analyses suggest that the revised threshold measure may be more
sensitive to individual differences.
Results of the exploratory analyses with Openness to Experience,
Conscientiousness and agentic positive emotionality (PEM-A) measures indicated no
significant effects of any of these personality variables. Results suggest that facets of
the scales may be more useful with regard to perceptual research, and that future
research should examine narrowly focused personality traits as opposed to broader
constructs.


title: A constructivist grounded theory of firefighter perceptions of stress, coping and the relationship to health

subject:
Fire fighters
Stress management.
Fire fighters

abstract:
This qualitative research was a constructivist grounded theory designed to develop an
understanding of how firefighters perceive and cope with stressful situations and the impact
this has on their perceptions of health. This study was framed in a social ecological
perspective with the community of firefighting providing the environment within which to
explore stress and coping. Of particular concern here are the stressors associated with
firefighting. Prior research with firefighters has often been epidemiological and statistical in
nature, focusing on measures of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression (Baker &
Williams, 2001 ; Brown et al., 2002; Murphy et al.,1999; Regehr et al., 2002; Regehr et al.,
2003). Qualitative research examining the perception of stress among firefighters that
includes personal stories allows firefighters the opportunity to describe what it is like to be
met with physically and mentally challenging situations on a daily basis. Twelve in-depth,
semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with a brief questionnaire were conducted with
firefighters from a Southern Ontario Fire Department. Four main themes emerged describing
the persona of the firefighter, the stressors of firefighters, coping strategies of firefighters,
and firefighters' perceptions of health. Stressors include requirements of the job, traumatic
calls, tensions with co-workers, the struggle between the family at home and the family at
work, political stressors with the City, and the inner struggle. Avoidance coping, approach
coping, and gaining perspective emerged as the three coping styles of firefighters. Health
was defined as including physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects. A model of the
findings is provided that depicts the cyclical nature of the stress-coping-health relationship
among firefighters.


title: The design of a reflectance spectrometer and its calibration using SrTiO3 /

subject:
Reflectance spectroscopy.
Spectrometer
Spectrometer

abstract:
A new Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) reflectance spectrometer was successfully designed, making use of
a Janis Industries ST-400 sample cryostat, IR Labs bolometer, and Briiker IFS 66 v/S spectrometer.
Two of the noteworthy features include an in situ gold evaporator and internal reference path, both
of which allow for the experiment to progress with a completely undisturbed sample position. As
tested, the system was designed to operate between 4.2 K and 325 K over a frequency range of
60 - 670 cm~^. This frequency range can easily be extended through the addition of appUcable
detectors.
Tests were performed on SrTiOa, a highly ionic incipient ferroelectric insulator with a well
known reflectance. The presence and temperatmre dependence of the lowest frequency "soft" mode
were measured, as was the presence of the other two infrared modes. During the structural phase
transition from cubic to tetragonal perovskite, the splitting of the second phonon mode was also
observed. All of the collected data indicate good agreement with previous measurements, with a
minor discrepency between the actual and recorded sample temperatures.


title: Developmental and individual differences in novelty and error detection in 10-year-old children and young adults /

subject: Frontal lobes

subject: Neuropsychology.

subject: Differentiation (Developmental psychology)

subject: Developmental psychology.

subject: Individual differences in adolescence.

subject: Individual differences in children.

abstract:
Event-related potentials were recorded from 10-year-old children and young adults in
order to examine the developmental dififerences in two frontal lobe functions: detection of
novel stimuli during an auditory novelty oddball task, and error detection during a visual
flanker task. All participants showed a parietally-maximal P3 in response to auditory stimuli.
In children, novel stimuli generated higher P3 amplitudes at the frontal site compared with
target stimuli, whereas target stimuli generated higher P3 amplitudes at the parietal site
compared with novel stimuli. Adults, however, had higher P3 amplitude to novel tones
compared with target tones at each site. Children also had greater P3 amplitude at more
parietal sites than adults during the novelty oddball and flanker tasks. Furthermore, children
and adults did not show a significant reduction in P3 amplitude from the first to second novel
stimulus presentation. No age differences were found with respect to P3 latency to novel and
target stimuli. These findings suggest that the detection of novel and target stimuli is mature
in 10-year-olds.
Error trials typically elicit a negative ERP deflection (the ERN) with a frontal-central
scalp distribution that may reflect response monitoring. There is also evidence of a positive
ERP peak (the Pe) with a posterior scalp distribution which may reflect subjective
recognition of a response. Both children and adults showed an ERN and Pe maximal at
frontal-central sites. Children committed more errors, had smaller ERN across sites, and had
a larger Pe at the parietal site than adults. This suggests that response monitoring is still
immature in 10-year-olds whereas recognition of and emotional responses to errors may be
similar in children and adults.


title: The development, assessment, and implementation of an evaluation of the EMPOWER Program at shelters for abused women /

subject: EMPOWER Program

subject: Abused women

subject: Evaluation research (Social action programs)

abstract:
The development, assessment, and implementation of a program evaluation
instrument was carried out to evaluate the impact and efficacy of the EMPOWER
Program. This intervention was created to educate residents at a shelter for
abused women with an anticipated outcome of prevention. Participants included
the staff and residents at 2 shelters in Southern Ontario. Client pre, post and
follow-up measures were obtained and analyzed statistically and using keyword
content analysis. A single staff measure was obtained and summarized using
keyword content analysis. Qualitative results were suggestive of important change
in participants. All women in the post and follow-up measures believed their
participation in the EMPOWER Program provided them with the knowledge,
skills, and confidence to avoid abusive relationships in the fliture. This
transformational impact was repeatedly expressed in both resident and
staff feedback. Limitations of this research, as well as suggestions for future study
were discussed.


title: Development and characterization of concentric capillary nebulizer used in inductively coupled plasma analysis /

subject: Atomizers.

subject: Aerosols.

subject: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

abstract:
A simple, low-cost concentric capillary nebulizer (CCN) was developed and
evaluated for ICP spectrometry. The CCN could be operated at sample uptake rates
of 0.050-1.00 ml min'^ and under oscillating and non-oscillating conditions. Aerosol
characteristics for the CCN were studied using a laser Fraunhofter diffraction
analyzer. Solvent transport efficiencies and transport rates, detection limits, and
short- and long-term stabilities were evaluated for the CCN with a modified cyclonic
spray chamber at different sample uptake rates. The Mg II (280.2nm)/l\/lg 1(285.2nm)
ratio was used for matrix effect studies. Results were compared to those with
conventional nebulizers, a cross-flow nebulizer with a Scott-type spray chamber, a
GemCone nebulizer with a cyclonic spray chamber, and a Meinhard TR-30-K3
concentric nebulizer with a cyclonic spray chamber. Transport efficiencies of up to
57% were obtained for the CCN. For the elements tested, short- and long-term
precisions and detection limits obtained with the CCN at 0.050-0.500 ml min'^ are
similar to, or better than, those obtained on the same instrument using the
conventional nebulizers (at 1.0 ml min'^). The depressive and enhancement effects of
easily ionizable element Na, sulfuric acid, and dodecylamine surfactant on analyte
signals with the CCN are similar to, or better than, those obtained with the
conventional nebulizers. However, capillary clog was observed when the sample
solution with high dissolved solids was nebulized for more than 40 min.
The effects of data acquisition and data processing on detection limits were
studied using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The study examined the effects of different detection limit approaches, the effects of data
integration modes, the effects of regression modes, the effects of the standard
concentration range and the number of standards, the effects of sample uptake rate,
and the effect of Integration time. All the experiments followed the same protocols.
Three detection limit approaches were examined, lUPAC method, the residual
standard deviation (RSD), and the signal-to-background ratio and relative standard deviation of the background (SBR-RSDB). The study demonstrated that the different
approaches, the integration modes, the regression methods, and the sample uptake
rates can have an effect on detection limits. The study also showed that the different
approaches give different detection limits and some methods (for example, RSD) are
susceptible to the quality of calibration curves. Multicomponents spectral fitting (MSF)
gave the best results among these three integration modes, peak height, peak area,
and MSF. Weighted least squares method showed the ability to obtain better quality
calibration curves. Although an effect of the number of standards on detection limits
was not observed, multiple standards are recommended because they provide more
reliable calibration curves. An increase of sample uptake rate and integration time
could improve detection limits. However, an improvement with increased integration
time on detection limits was not observed because the auto integration mode was
used.


title: Disorganized labour : Canadian unions and constitutional reform /

subject:
Canadian Labour Congress.
Labor unions
Constitutional amendments


title: Disrupting heterosexual space? : the implementation of a campus Positive Space Campaign

subject:
Brock University
Brock University
Homosexuality and education
Homosexuality
Gays
Transsexuals
Bisexuals

abstract:
Drawing on a growing literature on the interconnection of queer theory, sexuality and space, this
thesis critically assesses the development, implementation and impact of a campus-based
Positive Space Campaign aimed at raising the visibility and number of respectful, supportive,
educational and welcoming spaces for lesbian, gay, bi, trans, two-spirited, queer and questioning
(LGBTQ) students staff and faculty. The analysis, based on participatory action research (PAR),
interrogates the extent to which the Positive Space Campaign challenges heteronormativity on
campus. I contend that the Campaign, in its attempt to challenge dominant notions of sex,
gender and sexuality, disrupts heterosexual space. Further, as I consider the meanings of 'queer',
I consider the extent to which Positive Space Campaigns may be 'queering' space, by
contributing to an 'imagined' campus space free of sexual and gender-based discrimination. The
case study contributes to queer theory, the literature on sexuality and space, the literature on
queer organizing in educational spaces and to broader queer organizing efforts in Canada.


title: Effect of iron on reactivity of vanillin in wine models /

subject:
Vanillin.
Iron.
Wine and wine making

abstract:
Phenolic compounds are important components of grapes and wines. They have been found
to have important roles in grape and wine systems and properties that are beneficial for human
health. Vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) is a phenolic compound coming from the
oxidative degradation of lignin in oak-barrels during the aging of wine. Vanillin is an important
flavour component of wine and its concentration in wine influences significantly the aroma and
flavour of wine. The concentration of vanillin in wine is affected by various factors including the
presence of metal ions. In this work, by using HPLC, HPLC-MS, and MS technologies, iron (III)
cations were found to affect the oxidation of vanillin in a model system of wine, and the product
of the oxidation was identified as divanillin. The mechanism of the redox reaction between
vanillin and Fe^"^ is thought to follow that of other phenol oxidations. Increasing the
concentration of Fe ^ in the model system accelerates divanillin production. The best pH
condition for the divanillin production in the system is the range of 3.0 ~ 3.5. Increasing
temperature from 20°C to 40°C accelerates the divanillin production. Divanillin was found to
exist in three commercial red wines in this work. Keeping the storage temperature cool and
decreasing the contact of grapes and wines with iron are two major measures suggested by this
work in order to decrease the oxidation of vanillin during the making and aging of wine.


title: The effect of viticultural and oenological treatments on fruit and wine composition of Chardonnay musqué /

subject:
Chardonnay (Wine)
Viticulture.
Wine and wine making.

abstract:
The effect of viticultural and oenological treatments on fruit and wine
composition of Chardonnay musque
Study I: Effect ofveraison leafremoval and cluster thinning
A one-year study was performed analysing die effects of leaf removal,
cluster thinning, yeast strain selection, and enzyme usage on the chemical
composition and sensory properties of Chardonnay musque wine. A number of
substantial differences were found between treatments in °Brix, TA, pH, and in
free and potentially volatile terpene concentrations. Greatest variations in sensory
attributes were created however through use of different viticultural practices.Study II: Effect ofcluster thinning timing
A two year study was conducted investigating the effect of cluster
thinning timing, yeast strain selection, and enzyme usage on the chemical
composition and sensory attributes of Chardonnay musque wine. Time of
thinning was found to impact °BrLx, titratable acidit}% pH, and free and potentially
volatile terpene concentrations, as well as, a number of yield parameters.Yeast
strain selection and enzyme usage also impacted wine composition, andwas
found to exhibit a greater effect on sensory properties than application of cluster
thinning.


title: The effects of athletic scholarships on motivation in sport

subject:
College athletes
College sports
Sports
Motivation (Psychology)

abstract:
The presence of rewards has been found to undermine intrinsic motivation (Deci & Ryan,
1999). This conclusion is primarily based on research conducted in non-sporting
environments. The purpose of this study was to examine perceived motivational changes
resulting from the hypothetical manipulation of a reward (i.e., athletic scholarships).
Differences in "present" motivation between scholarship and non-scholarship athletes
were also assessed. Gender, life roles, and sport experience were also examined in
relation to scholarship status. Basketball players from four Ontario (n = 70) and seven
U.S. Division I universities (n = 46) were examined. All athletes completed a set of
demographic questions, as well as questions from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS;
Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuson, Briere, & Blais, 1995) which assessed their "present"
motivation. Athletes also completed the SMS to evaluate their "perceived future"
motivation based on a hypothetical manipulation of the scholarship status. For Ontario
non-scholarship athletes, extrinsic regulation (an extrinsic motive) increased with the
introduction of a scholarship and the intrinsic motive to experience stimulation decreased.
For U.S. scholarship athletes, the intrinsic motive to accomplish things decreased when
scholarships were removed. When the two scholarship status groups were compared
across "present" levels of motivation, U.S. scholarship males reported significantly
higher levels of introjected regulation compared to Ontario non-scholarship males.
Ontario non-scholarship females reported significantly higher levels of introjected
regulation compared to U.S. scholarship females. U.S. scholarship athletes reported
significantly higher levels of external regulation compared to Ontario non-scholarship
athletes. Results offer partial support for self-determination theory. Implications for
future research are discussed.


title: The effects of plants(Typha Latifolia)and root-bed medium on the treatment of domestic sewage within a vertical flow constructed wetland /

subject:
Land treatment of wastewater.
Sewage
Sewage

abstract:
The effect that plants {Typha latifolia) as well as root-bed medium
physical and chemical characteristics have on the treatment of primary
treated domestic wastewater within a vertical flow constructed wetland
system was investigated. Five sets of cells, with two cells in each set,
were used. Each cell was made of concrete and measured 1 .0 m X 1 .0 m
and was 1.3 m deep. Four different root-bed media were tested :
Queenston Shale, Fonthill Sand, Niagara Shale and a Michigan Sand.
Four of the sets contained plants and a single type of root-bed medium.
The influence of plants was tested by operating a Queenston Shale set
without plants. Due to budget constraints no replicates were constructed.
All of the sets were operated independently and identically for
twenty-eight months. Twelve months of data are presented here, collected
after 16 months of continuous operation.
Root-bed medium type did not influence BOD5 removal. All of the
sets consistently met Ontario Ministry of Environment (MOE) requirements
(<25 mg/L) for BOD5 throughout the year. The 12 month average BOD5
concentration from all sets with plants was below 2.36 mg/L. All of the
sets were within MOE discharge requirements (< 25 mg/L) for suspended
solids with set effluent concentrations ranging from 1.53 to 14.80 mg/L.
The Queenston Shale and Fonthill Sand media removed the most
suspended solids while the Niagara Shale set produced suspended
solids. The set containing Fonthill Sand was the only series to meet MOE
discharge requirements (< Img/L) for total phosphorus year-round with a
twelve month mean effluent concentration of 0.23 mg/L. Year-round all of
the root-bed media were well below MOE discharge requirements (< 20mg/L in winter and < 10 mg/L in sumnner) for ammonium. The Queenston
Shale and Fonthill Sand sets removed the most total nitrogen.
Plants had no effect on total nitrogen removal, but did influence
how nitrogen was cycled within the system. Plants increased the removal
of suspended solids by 14%, BOD5 by 10% and total phosphorus by 22%.
Plants also increased the amount of dissolved oxygen that entered the
system. During the plant growing season removal of total phosphorus was
better in all sets with plants regardless of media type.
The sets containing Queenston Shale and Fonthill Sand media
achieved the best results and plants in the Queenston Shale set
increased treatment efficiency for every parameter except nitrogen.
Vertical flow wetland sewage treatment systems can be designed and
built to consistently meet MOE discharge requirements year-round for
BOD5, suspended solids, total phosphorus and ammonium. This system
Is generally superior to the free water systems and sub-surface horizontal
flow systems in cold climate situations.


title: Effects of a preschool parent enrichment programme on children and their parents /

subject:
Parent and child.
Education, Preschool
Child psychology.

abstract:
This study evaluated a preschool parent enrichment
programme to assess if child and parent involvement in
the programme facilitated the children's subsequent
school adjustment. Also examined were the programme's
effects on parent-child relationships. Participants
were 56 Junior-Senior Kindergarten and Grade One
students from one elementary school. Parent
participants were 12 parents from the preschool parent
enrichment programme, 6 parents whose children had
attended other preschool programmes, and 6 parents
whose children had remained at home prior to school.
Five elementary teachers and both nursery school
teachers from the parent enrichment programme also
participated. Measures used included the Florida Key
to assess children's inferred self-concept as learner
and four subscales (relating, asserting, coping and
investing), and interviews to assess parent and teacher
perceptions. Findings indicated that there was little
difference between parent and teacher perceptions about
children who had attended a preschool programme. Both
groups showed improved social, emotional, and
behavioural skill development, together with increased
self-esteem, and the ability to cope with separation
from their parents. This enabled children to make the
transition from preschool to primary school more
successful. Children from the parent enrichment
programme were not readily identifiable in terms of the
profile promulgated for disadvantaged children. The
Florida Key showed a main effect for the coping
subscale, indicating that children from the parent
enrichment programme may show more confidence in their
abilities, and seek assistance from teachers than
children who had no preschool experience. The parent
enrichment programme appeared to have the biggest
impact on the parents. Parents reported improved
relationships with their children, increased confidence
and self-esteem, as well as improved parenting and
general life skills. The implications for short-term
gains for children from this type of programme are
better readiness for school, more positive self-esteem,
improved social behaviour, and a higher achievement
motivation. The long-term gains for children are
predicted to be fewer special education placements,
less grade retention, and a lower dropout rate from
school. The short-term gains for parents are better
social support networks," greater self-confidence,
better interactions with children, and improved
parenting skills. The long-term benefits may be an
increased motivation to continue education, gain
employment, and less family breakdown and abuse.


title: The effects of simple procedural, cognitive procedural and declarative learning on sleep /

subject: Sleep Learning

abstract:
Sleep spindles have been found to increase following an intense period of learning
on a combination of motor tasks. It is not clear whether these changes are task specific, or
a result of learning in general. The current study investigated changes in sleep spindles
and spectral power following learning on cognitive procedural (C-PM), simple procedural
(S-PM) or declarative (DM) learning tasks. It was hypothesized that S-PM learning
would result in increases in Sigma power during Non-REM sleep, whereas C-PM and
DM learning would not affect Sigma power. It was also hypothesized that DM learning
would increase Theta power during REM sleep, whereas S-PM and C-PM learning would
not affect Theta power.
Thirty-six participants spent three consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory.
Baseline polysomnographic recordings were collected on night 2. Participants were
randomly assigned to one of four conditions: C-PM, S-PM, DM or control (C). Memory
task training occurred on night 3 followed by polysomnographic recording. Re-testing on
respective memory tasks occurred one-week following training. EEG was sampled at
256Hz from 16 sites during sleep. Artifact-free EEG from each sleep stage was submitted
to power spectral analysis.
The C-PM group made significantly fewer errors, the DM group recalled more,
and the S-PM improved on performance from test to re-test. There was a significant night
by group interaction for the duration of Stage 2 sleep. Independent t-tests revealed that
the S-PM group had significantly more Stage 2 sleep on the test night than the C group.
The C-PM and the DM group did not differ from controls in the duration of Stage 2 sleep
on test night. There was no significant change in the duration of slow wave sleep (SWS)
or REM sleep.
Sleep spindle density (spindles/minute) increased significantly from baseline to
test night following S-PM learning, but not for C-PM, DM or C groups. This is the first
study to have shown that the same pattern of results was found for spindles in SWS. Low
Sigma power (12-14Hz) increased significantly during SWS following S-PM learning but
not for C-PM, DM or C groups. This effect was maximal at Cz, and the largest increase
in Sigma power was at Oz. It was also found that Theta power increased significantly
during REM sleep following DM learning, but not for S-PM, C-PM or C groups. This
effect was maximal at Cz and the largest change in Theta power was observed at Cz.
These findings are consistent with the previous research that simple procedural
learning is consolidated during Stage 2 sleep, and provide additional data to suggest that
sleep spindles across all non-REM stages and not just Stage 2 sleep may be a mechanism
for brain plasticity. This study also provides the first evidence to suggest that Theta
activity during REM sleep is involved in memory consolidation.


title: The encounter with the real and post-Soviet trauma : fantasy construction in Russian popular cinema /

subject:
Motion pictures
Russia (Federation)
Popular culture
Psychic trauma in motion pictures.

abstract:
This thesis examines the impact of the Soviet Union's collapse on the Russian
Symbolic as represented through popular cinema of the post-Soviet period.
The disintegration of the USSR in 1991 became one of the most traumatic
experiences for many Russian people. The trauma of the collapse of the Soviet Union
penetrated the everyday reality of the Russian Symbolic, leaving the traces-symptoms in
different cultural fonns like literature, arts, television and cinema. Because popular
culture usually reacts very quickly to any social, political and economical shifts in
society, it is an excellent barometer for deeper changes in society. Focusing on postSoviet
popular cinema, this thesis analyzes the symptoms of cultural and individual
trauma occasioned by the momentous changes of the 1990's. This study is grounded in
post-analytic theory of Jacques Lacan and its interpretation by Slavoj Zizek, which
emphases the traumatic encounter with the Real as a "hard core" of our reality.
According to this paradigm, a new chain of signifiers is structured around the traumatic
breach in the Symbolic, initiating a process of fantasy construction to deal with
consequences of trauma and, thus, to support our Symbolic order.
This thesis examines three major fantasy constructions - drinking, traveling to a
"happy land" and family reunion and money - in popular films by Alexander Rogozhkin,
Yurij Mamin, Georgij Shengelia, Dmitrij Astrakhan, Valerij Todorovskij, Alexej
Balabanov, Sergej Bodrov Jr. and Petr Buslov. According to Zizek, enjoyment underlies
any fantasy constructions, and that is why after the intrusion of the Real every individual
and culture should go through the process of fantasizing about some substitutes which
can help to minimize the traumatic effect and which can lead to a partial enjoyment. By
analyzing the fantasies about drinking, "happy land", reconstruction of the family bonds
and money in Russian popular cinema since 1991, this thesis demonstrates how the
traumatic engagement with the Real affected the everyday lives of Russian people, and
how individuals tried to fill the gap, the lack, in the post-Soviet Symbolic and "return"
the lost feeling of unity and plenitude.


title: ESL students' off-line and on-line texts : differences and similarities /

subject:
English language
Word processing in education.

abstract:
This study was undertaken to investigate any textual differences and
similarities within essays written with a word processing program and an e-mail
editor by non-native writers. It arose from many contradictions and a paucity of
empirical research within the field of second language learning and electronic
technology. To further explore these contradictory observations, 3 classes of
intermediate level ESL (English as a Second Language) students v^ote 6
essays, alternating between a word processing program and an e-mail editor.
Prior to the data collection, students read brief texts and responded to questions
that focused upon three formal topics: immigration, economics, and
multiculturalism. Data were examined for (a) the differences in the frequency
counts of 12 cohesive devices, (b) sentence complexity, which focused upon the
occurrences of simple and complex sentences, (c) the number of words within
the writings, (d) the method of contextualization preferred by writers, and (e) any
variations in the final grades of the students' texts that resulted from holistic
rating. Results of analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant
differences in the frequency counts of the linguistic features. Sentence
complexity did not vary within the off-line and on-line essays. The average
number of words found within the off-line essays was approximately 20% greater
than within on-line essays. Contextualization methods were not different within
word-processed or e-mailed essays. Finally, there was no difference in the
quality of the texts when holistically rated.


title: An exploration of the impact of a mandatory quality assurance program on the staff nurse's commitment to professional development /

subject: Nursing Nurses Nurses Nursing

abstract:
This study explored experiences in relation to the impact of the College of Nurses
of Ontario's (CNO's) mandatory Quality Assurance (QA) program on registered nurses
(RNs) working in a clinical setting of an acute care hospital.
A qualitative descriptive research design was used and data collection was done
in 2 stages. First, a survey with open-ended questions was given to 45 nurses. Second, 8
respondents from the survey were interviewed using a semistructured format. Data were
obtained from 2 groups-diploma-prepared and post diploma-prepared RNs.
Findings demonstrated that the CNO's QA program had varying influences on the
RNs' learning paths, and these differences appeared to be related to the educational
background of the individual. The diploma-prepared nurses reported that their
commitment to professional development was influenced by their level of internal
motivation, the pressures associated with time, and the need for a strong external
motivator, namely the obligation of management to conduct formal performance
appraisals. They further reported that the QA program played a part in positively altering
their commitment to continuing education. The post-diploma baccalaureate nurses
reported that the QA program played a positive role in influencing their ongoing learning,
along with their level of internal motivation, the work and health care environment, and
the element of professionalism. Several implications for nursing practice, theory, and
fiirther research also became evident.


title: Far infrared spectroscopy of heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 /

subject: Fermions.

subject: Heavy particles (Nuclear physics)

subject: Superconductors.

subject: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

subject: Far infrared lasers.

abstract:
The optical response to far infrared radiation has been measured on a mosaic of heavy
fermion CeCoIns single crystals. The superconducting transition temperature of the crystals
has been determined by van der Pauw resistivity and ac-susceptibility measurements
as Tc = 2.3 K. The optical measurements were taken above and below the transition
temperature using a ^He cryostat and step and integrate Martin-Puplett type polarizing
interferometer.
The absolute reflectance of the heavy fermion CeCoIns in the superconducting state
in range (0, 100)cm~^ was calculated from the measured thermal reflectance, using the
normal state data of Singley et al and a low frequency extrapolation for a metallic material
in the Hagen-Rubens regime. By means of Kramers-Kronig analysis the absolute
reflectance was used to calculate the optical conductivity of the sample.
The real part of the calculated complex conductivity a{u)) of CeCoIns indicates a
possible opening of an energy gap close to 50 cm~^.


title: From absolutes to aesthetics : John Dewey and the art of experience /

subject:
Dewey, John, 1859-1952
Dewey, John, 1859-1952

abstract:
In this thesis I sought to capture something of the integrity of John Dewey's larger vision.
While recognizing this to be a difficult challenge, I needed to clear some of the debris of an
overly narrow reading of Dewey's works by students of education. The tendency of reducing
Dewey's larger philosophical vision down to neat theoretical snap shots in order to prop up their
particular social scientific research, was in my estimation slowly damaging the larger integrity of
Dewey's vast body of work. It was, in short, killing off the desire to read big works, because
doing so was not necessary to satisfying the specialized interests of social scientific research. In
this thesis then I made a plea for returning the Humanities to the center of higher education. It is
there that students learn how to read and to think—skills required to take on someone of
Dewey's stature. I set out in this thesis to do just that. I took Dewey's notion of experience as the
main thread connecting all of his philosophy, and focused on two large areas of inquiry, science
and its relation to philosophy, and aesthetic experience. By exploring in depth Dewey's
understanding of human experience as it pertains to day-to-day living, my call was for a
heightened mode of artful conduct within our living contexts. By calling on the necessity of
appreciating the more qualitative dimensions of lived experience, I was hoping that students
engaged in the Social Sciences might begin to bolster their research interests with more breadth
and depth of reading and critical insight. I expressed this as being important to the survival and
intelligent flourishing of democratic conduct.


title: Heidegger's tragic Greeks : the relation between presence and deinon

subject:
Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976.
Philosophy, European
Philosophy, Ancient.

abstract:
Martin Heidegger's interpretation of the ancients was born out of something like a crisis
in the interpretation of the Greeks, which can be characterized as nothing other than the
realization of the idea that the Greek philosophers put a serious question mark over existence.
This idea, which had its germination in Prussia with Jakob Burckhart and his teacher, but first
came to be seriously cultivated in the Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, was the first in depth
investigation into whether the Greeks, on the one hand, questioned existence or, on the other
hand, put a question mark over existence. To question existence is rather innocuous, since it
amounts to little more, in the end, than a child looking up at the stars and asking what it all
means. To put a question mark over existence, however, is another business entirely.
For the Greeks, as the life work of Martin Heidegger amply demonstrates, the nature of
Greek thinking and the objects towards which it is directed follows so absolutely from the tragic
view of the human person that, in a certain sense, philosophy is Greek and could only have
developed in Greece. Perhaps stating it a little less categorically, philosophy could have
developed elsewhere at least to the extent that something like they way the Greeks understood
life was at the forefront: presence, in other words.
This thesis deals with the problem ofHeidegger's relation to the Greeks, specifically in
terms of his understanding of the Greeks and presence. It is the position of this dissertation that
the Greek notion of presence is, as Heidegger understands it, the homeliness of the hearth that
radiates through all the things that humans concern themselves with. This is thought by
Heidegger, as the Greeks did, specifically in contrast with the uncanninesslunhomeliness of the
hqrnan apart from his or her concern with things. Therefore, the thesis is an attempt at exposing
the relation between presence and the unhomely by situating it withing Greek existence and the
meaning of the Greek Philosopher.
In order to support this position, the thesis has been divided into five parts. The first two
chapters deal with Heidegger's explanation of the relation between Greek notion of physics
(Phusis), metaphysics (specifically in relation to an analysis of time and motion in Greek
thought), and what Heidegger calls the fundamental attunement of Dasein (boredom). More
exactly, it deals with these issues only so far as they allow us to bring out something like the
notion of 'presence' in relation to things and homelessness or restlessness in relation to the
human being. The rationale for these two chapters in relation to the central problem of the
paper is that in Heidegger's elucidation of physics and metaphysics, he conducts his analysis in
such a way that he explicitly uncovers that dimension of human existence that he calls the
fundamental attunement of Dasein. This fundamental attunement is, in tum, similar to what the
Greeks understood as the deinon, the uncanninesslunhomeliness of the human. The third and
fourth chapters take as their explicit themes the problem of the Greek understanding of the
assertion and the ways in which the person can comport himlherself toward things, two issues
which are not separable. The rationale for these two chapters in relation to the central theme of
the paper is that Heidegger's analysis of these two areas in Greek thought brings out precisely
why the philosopher and the philosophical way of life is the highest mode of existence for the
Greeks and how this is thought specifically in tenns of the uncanniness of humans. The final
cijapter gives a complete elucidation of presence as the homeliness of the hearth and shows
specifically how this is thought of in contradistinction to the uncanny/unhomely for the Greeks.

1I1
This last chapter also explains Martin Heidegger's reaction to the Greek's interpretation of the
highest mode of existence, and what he posited as a counter-thought. The essay as a whole is an
attempt to fully concertize an important dimension of Heidegger' s understanding of the Greeks,
that is, the relation between presence and the deinon or Greek notion ofunhomely, which, to my
la)owledge, has not been offered anywhere in commentaries on Heidegger.


title: The impact of social welfare reform and workfare on lone-parent female headed households in the Niagara Region

subject:
Public welfare
Welfare recipients
Low-income single mothers

abstract:
This thesis explores the impact of recent social welfare reforms on the lives of
social assistance recipients. The focus is on single mothers who are dependent on social
assistance in a small city in southern Ontario. This detailed examination is
complemented with existing case studies in Canada, the United States and New Zealand,
as well as aggregate data on poverty in Canada. Participants for the research study were
recruited by flyer distribution and referral. Following recruitment, selected participants
were scheduled for a tape- recorded interview. The final sample population consists of
eight single mothers on social assistance and/or workfare participants. This information
is supplemented with interviews from two Ontario Works caseworkers and two Women's
Advocates from a local crisis housing organization. This research project is guided by a
socialist feminist framework.
Evidence from interview participants suggest that single mothers continue to
struggle in terms of meeting basic needs, such as food, clothing and medications.
Housing for low-income families is a concern expressed by the participants as well as by
Women's Advocates who operate within the region. In addition, subsidized housing
continues to be problematic in terms of both safety and availability. Recent social
welfare refonns (reductions in welfare income and introduction of workfare features)
have intensified the economic and social marginalization of these women. Participants,
for example, voice concerns about valuing self-evaluation in their Ontario Works and
workfare activities. Considerable evidence from interview participants suggest that
single mothers remain economically marginalized.


title: Individual differences in risk-taking and associated characteristics : a test of specificity in executive functions /

subject: Risk-taking (Psychology).

subject: Risk-taking (Psychology) in adolescence.

subject: Neuropsychology.

subject: Frontal lobes.

abstract:
Multiple measures have been devised by clinicians and theorists from many different
backgrounds for the purpose of assessing the influence of the frontal lobes on behaviour.
Some utilize self-report measures to investigate behavioural characteristics such as risktaking,
sensation seeking, impulsivity, and sensitivity to reward and punishment in an attempt
to understand complex human decision making. Others rely more on neuroimaging and
electrophysiological investigation involving experimental tasks thought to demonstrate
executive functions in action, while other researchers prefer to study clinical populations with
selective damage.
Neuropsychological models of frontal lobe functioning have led to a greater
appreciation of the dissociations among various aspects of prefrontal cortex function. This
thesis involves (1) an examination of various psychometric and experimental indices of
executive functions for coherence as one would predict on the basis of highly developed
neurophysiological models of prefrontal function, particularly those aspects of executive
function that involve predominantly cognitive abilities versus processes characterized by
affect regulation; and (2) investigation of the relations between risk-taking, attentional
abilties and their associated characteristics using a neurophysiological model of prefrontal
functions addressed in (1).
Late adolescence is a stage in which the prefrontal cortices undergo intensive
structural and functional maturational changes; this period also involves increases in levels of
risky and sensation driven behaviours, as well as a hypersensitivity to reward and a reduction
in inhibition. Consequently, late adolescence spears to represent an ideal developmental
period in which to examine these decision-making behaviours due to the maximum
variability of behavioural characteristics of interest. Participants were 45 male undergraduate
18- to 19-year olds, who completed a battery of measures that included self-report,
experimental and behavioural measures designed to assess particular aspects of prefrontal
and executive functioning.
As predicted, factor analysis supported the grouping of executive process by type
(either primarily cognitive or affective), conforming to the orbitofrontal versus dorsolateral
typology; risk-taking and associated characteristics were associated more with the
orbitofrontal than the dorsolateral factor, whereas attentional and planning abilities tended to
correlate more strongly with the dorsolateral factor. Results are discussed in light of future
assessment, investigation and understanding of complex human decision-making and
executive functions. Implications, applications and suggestions for future research are also
proposed.


title: International volunteers at a Costa Rican organic farm : sheepish volunteers, proud tourists and unwitting developers

subject: Voluntarism

subject: Volunteer workers in community development

subject: Work camps

abstract:
This thesis analyzes the practices and experiences of two groups of Canadian volunteers who
visited the organic fanning and "alternative development" project ofFinca la Flor (FLF) in
central Costa Rica. Using both participant observation and in-depth interviews with volunteers
and other people involved with FLF, I examine volunteers' understandings of their involvement
with the fann. I argue that three discursive fonnations are instrumental in shaping this particular
volunteering encounter. Specifically, interpretation of these Canadian volunteers' experiences
inspires the argument that the emerging practice of international volunteering (or voluntourism)
exists at the intersection of discourses of development, volunteering and tourism, all of which
both reflect and maintain problematic North-South relationships. The analysis shows that in
spite ofFLF's construction as an (alternative / sustainable) international-development project,
and in spite of volunteers' initial conceptualization of their trip as "volunteering," volunteers
tend to act and describe their time at FLF in ways that look more like tourism than like volunteer
labor or international development. Likewise, although FLF claims to principally be focused on
alternative development, and merely to open up this authentic development space to volunteers
for their participation, the organization in both practice and discourse seems primarily to
construct a tourist experience and cater to the needs of foreigners as tourists. Discourses of
development and volunteering do infonn the practices offann personnel and volunteers at FLF,
but they become subordinated to the more dominant discourse of tourism as the volunteers' and
fann management's ideals of development and volunteering capitulate to become focused on
satisfying volunteers' (perceived or "real") touristic desires. The FLF participants I studied may
have entered the encounter as volunteers, but they departed the site having been tourists.


title: An investigation on peer feedback for EFL students ages 10 to 14 /

subject:
English language
Peer-group tutoring of students.

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to leam more about how EFL (English as Foreign
Language) students interacted during peer feedback conferences. Thirty EFL students
from Mexico aged 10 to 14 years old participated in this study. The following four main
questions were addressed:
1
.
What criteria did the students use to evaluate their peers' writing?
2. What revisions were made in relation to peer feedback comments?
3. What was the students' behaviour like during peer feedback conferences?
4. What were the students' perceived attitudes concerning peer feedback
conferences?
Each of the 30 students wrote a first and a second draft and then took part in a peer
feedback conference. All students were interviewed and asked to rate a story and provide
a peer feedback comment for the author during interview.
The study found that the EFL students were able to provide comments to their
peers' writing, but only after their third conference were they actually able to provide
higher level comments. The majority of students said that they liked peer feedback
sessions. The results also indicated that the students needed more practice with their
revisions because they did not make a lot of revisions to make their writing clearer with
fewer mistakes. This study concludes that there still needs to be further research. First of
all, it would be useful to conduct a similar study with EFL students but one that is
conducted over a longer period of time in order to determine if the students continued to
develop their peer feedback comments and revision strategies.


title: Isolation and characterization of genomic DNA sequences that enhance the stability of plasmid DNA in mammalian cells /

subject:
Nucleotide sequence.
Genetic engineering.
Molecular genetics.
Gene mapping.
DNA.
Plasmids.
Gene therapy.

abstract:
The ease of production and manipulation has made plasmid DNA a prime
target for its use in gene transfer technologies such as gene therapy and DNA
vaccines. The major drawback of plasmid however is its stability within
mammalian cells. Plasmid DNA is usually lost by cellular mechanisms or as a
result of mitosis by simple dilution. This study set out to search for mammalian
genomic DNA sequences that would enhance the stability of plasmid DNA in
mammalian cells.Creating a plasmid based genomic DNA library, we were able to screen
the human genome by transfecting the library into Human Embryonic Kidney
(HEK 293) Cells. Cells that contained plasmid DNA were selected, using G418
for 14 days. The resulting population was then screened for the presence of
biologically active plasmid DNA using the process of transformation as a
detector.A commercially available plasmid DNA isolation kit was modified to extract
plasmid DNA from mammalian cells. The standardized protocol had a detection
limit of -0.6 plasmids per cell in one million cells. This allowed for the detection
of 45 plasmids that were maintained for 32 days in the HEK 293 cells.
Sequencing of selected inserts revealed a significantly higher thymine content in
comparison to the human genome. Sequences with high A/T content have been
associated with Scaffold/Matrix Attachment Region (S/MAR) sequences in
mammalian cells. Therefore, association with the nuclear matrix might be
required for the stability of plasmids in mammalian cells.


title: Electrophysiological and behavioural correlates of facial identity and expression perception deficits following a closed head injury /

subject:
Social interaction.
Perceptual disorders.
Head

abstract:
A large variety of social signals, such as facial expression and body language, are
conveyed in everyday interactions and an accurate perception and interpretation of these
social cues is necessary in order for reciprocal social interactions to take place successfully
and efficiently. The present study was conducted to determine whether impairments in
social functioning that are commonly observed following a closed head injury, could at
least be partially attributable to disruption in the ability to appreciate social cues. More
specifically, an attempt was made to determine whether face processing deficits following
a closed head injury (CHI) coincide with changes in electrophysiological responsivity to
the presentation of facial stimuli.
A number of event-related potentials (ERPs) that have been linked specifically to
various aspects of visual processing were examined. These included the N170, an index of
structural encoding ability, the N400, an index of the ability to detect differences in serially
presented stimuli, and the Late Positivity (LP), an index of the sensitivity to affective
content in visually-presented stimuli. Electrophysiological responses were recorded while
participants with and without a closed head injury were presented with pairs of faces
delivered in a rapid sequence and asked to compare them on the basis of whether they
matched with respect to identity or emotion. Other behavioural measures of identity and
emotion recognition were also employed, along with a small battery of standard
neuropsychological tests used to determine general levels of cognitive impairment.
Participants in the CHI group were impaired in a number of cognitive domains that
are commonly affected following a brain injury. These impairments included reduced efficiency in various aspects of encoding verbal information into memory, general slower
rate of information processing, decreased sensitivity to smell, and greater difficulty in the
regulation of emotion and a limited awareness of this impairment.
Impairments in face and emotion processing were clearly evident in the CHI group.
However, despite these impairments in face processing, there were no significant
differences between groups in the electrophysiological components examined. The only
exception was a trend indicating delayed N170 peak latencies in the CHI group (p = .09),
which may reflect inefficient structural encoding processes. In addition, group differences
were noted in the region of the N100, thought to reflect very early selective attention. It
is possible, then, that facial expression and identity processing deficits following CHI are
secondary to (or exacerbated by) an underlying disruption of very early attentional
processes. Alternately the difficulty may arise in the later cognitive stages involved in the
interpretation of the relevant visual information. However, the present data do not allow
these alternatives to be distinguished.
Nonetheless, it was clearly evident that individuals with CHI are more likely than
controls to make face processing errors, particularly for the more difficult to discriminate
negative emotions. Those working with individuals who have sustained a head injury
should be alerted to this potential source of social monitoring difficulties which is often
observed as part of the sequelae following a CHI.


title: Hydrogen sulphide as inhibitor and substrates for the cytochrome c-cytochrome c oxidase system /

subject:
Hydrogen sulfide.
Cytochrome c.
Cytochrome oxidase.
Chemical inhibitors.

abstract:
It has previously been recognized that the major biochemical toxicity
induced by sulphide is due to an inhibition of cytochrome ~ oxidase.
Inhibition of this enzyme occurs at 30°C and pH 7.4 with a Ki of approximately
0.2 ~M, and a kon of 104 M-1 s-l, under catalytic conditions. However, the
equimo1ar mixture of sulphide and the enzyme shows identical catalytic
behaviour to that of the native enzyme. This cannot readily be attributed
to rapid dissociation of sulphide, as both spectroscopic and plot analysis
indicate the koff value is low. The addition of stoichiometric sulphide to
the resting oxidized enzyme gives rise to the appearance of a low-spin
ferric-type spectrum not identical with that seen on the addition of excess
sulphide to the enzyme aerobically. Sulphide added to the enzyme anaerobically
gives rise to another low-spin, probably largely ferric, form which upon
admission of oxygen is then converted into a 607 nm species closely resembling
Compound C. The 607 nm form is probably the precursor of oxyferricytochrome
aa3. The addition of successive a1iquots of Na2S solution to the enzyme
induces initial uptake of approximately 3 moles of oxygen per mole of the
enzyme. Thus, it is concluded that:
1. the initial product of sulphide-cytochrome c oxidase interaction is not
an inhibited form of the enzyme, but the low-spin (oxyferri) ~3+~+ species;
2. a subsequent step in which sulphide reduces cytochrome ~ occurs;
3. the final inhibitory step, in which a further molecule of sulphide binds
to the cytochrome ~ iron centre in the cytochrome ~2+~+ species, gives the
cytochrome a2+~+-H2S form which is a half-reduced fully inhibited species;4. a 607 run form of the enzyme is produced which may be converted into a
catalytically active low-spin (oxyferri) state; and therefore
5. liganded sulphide may be able to reduce the cytochrome 33 -Cu centre
without securing the prior reduction of the cytochrome a_ haem group or the
Cud centre associated with it.


title: Investigations on the host-parasite interface of a mycoparasite system /

subject:
Host-parasite relationships.
Parasitic plants.
Pathogenic fungi

abstract:
The cell wall composition of Choanephora cucur -
bitarum and the host-parasite interface, after infection
with Piptocephalis virginiana , were examined in detail.
The cell walls of C_. cucurbitarum were determined to be
composed of chitin (17%), chitosan (28.4%), neutral sugars
(7.2%),uronic acid (2.4%), proteins (8.2%) and lipids
(13.8%). The structure of hyphal walls investigated by
electron microscopy of shadowed replicas before and after
alkali-acid hydrolysis, showed two distinct regions: microfibrillar
and amorphous. The microfibrils which were composed
of mainly chitin, were organized into two distinct
layers: an outer, thicker layer of randomly orientated
microfibrils and an inner, thin layer of parallel microfibrils.Electronmicrographs of the host-parasite interface of C_. cucurbitarum and the mycoparasite , P_. virginiana ,
30 h following inoculation, showed that the sheath zone
has a similar electron density to that of the host cell
wall. The sheath was not present around the young (18 h old)
haustorium. High-resolution autoradiographs of infected
host hyphae showed that radioactive N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
,
a precursor of chitin, was incorporated preferentially in
the host cell wall and sheath zone. Cell fractionation of
label fed hyphae showed that 84% of the label was present
in the cell wall and specifically in the chitin portion of
the wall. The antifungal antibiotic, Polyoxin D, a specific
inhibitor of the enzyme, chitin synthetase, suppressed the
incorporation of the label in the cell wall and sheath zone
and resulted in a decrease in electron density of the
developing sheath. The significance of these results is
discussed in the light of host resistance.