title: Holocene Occupations of Northwestern Ontario: Implementing a Multi-analytical Approach for the Detection of Technological Variability and Subsistence Complexities

subject: Unifacial lithic artifacts from the Electric Woodpecker II (DdJf-12) Early Holocene site

abstract:
This thesis presents the results of a micro-analytical analysis, specifically use-wear and residue analyses, on unifacial lithic artifacts from the Electric Woodpecker II (DdJf-12) Early Holocene site, located approximately 25 kilometers east of Thunder Bay, Ontario. The Electric Woodpecker II assemblage consists of a multitude of debitage and artifacts including formal, informal, and expedient tool types with varied morphological attributes. The use of multiple analytical techniques has allowed for the investigation of organic or perishable technologies, the documentation of which is not otherwise possible at most Lakehead Complex sites. The primary goal of this thesis is to determine the function of selected unifacial artifacts from a morphologically diverse lithic assemblage at the Electric Woodpecker II site, and to characterize and identify the presence of organic residues.
The podzolic soil conditions of the Thunder Bay region contribute to the poor preservation of organic remains, limiting the available material evidence in the analysis of lithic artifacts. The interpretations that are possible through macromorphic lithic and spatial analyses can be expanded significantly through the inclusion of micro-analytical techniques. This thesis demonstrates that implementing these techniques within the Thunder Bay region allows for increased documentation of both technological and subsistence complexities. Within this research, use-wear analysis was used to examine the functional uses of a selection of unifacially flaked lithics dating to the Early Holocene period. Use-wear analysis and combinations of residue analysis (microscopic, biochemical, and spectrographic analysis) were used to more fully characterize the proposed residue sources.


title: Environmental health in Nova Scotia : a framework for moving forward / by Stephen Parker.

subject:
Environmental health Nova Scotia
Public health Nova Scotia.

abstract:
In 2006 the Province of Nova Scotia released a report entitled The Renewal of Public
Health in Nova Scotia. This report served as a comprehensive overview of opportunities to
enhance public health services in the province. The overall intent was to demonstrate the need to
elevate public health from the shadow of the traditional acute care model of health care delivery.
This report identified deficiencies with existing structure, function and responsibilities, and
included broad recommendations for addressing these issues. One of the areas of concern relates
to the Environmental Health profession, and the fragmented approach to service delivery and
government oversight in the province. As the result of an uncoordinated structure of several
departments contributing to safeguarding the health and safety of its citizens, many areas of
environmental health have become under-addressed or completely unaddressed.
This project builds upon The Renewal of Public Health in Nova Scotia report. It outlines
a proposal for how Environmental Health can move forward and be effectively managed across
multiple departments / agencies. It identifies a number of strategies related to collaboration,
priority setting and core competency skill development to strengthen the overall approach to
health protection. Finally, it also demonstrates the value of combining diverse knowledge,
strengths and skills to enhance decision-making and service delivery for the protection of
environmental public health.


title: Understanding Aboriginal music for the understanding of Aboriginal cultures

contributor:
Desmoulins, Leisa
Sameshima, Pauline

subject:
Aboriginal music and culture
Aboriginal education
Music and healing

abstract:
How do Aboriginal musicians and music professionals make connections between their music
and their cultures? This qualitative study explores the interconnections between Aboriginal music
and Aboriginal cultures and considers the implications for teaching music. Scholars contend that
Aboriginal cultures and their music are related and holistic, offering an understanding of each
other (Kennedy, 2009; Makinlay, 2008; Whidden, 2007). Canadian scholars mostly explore
traditional Aboriginal music. Fewer scholars explore the connections between contemporary
Aboriginal music and culture from across a range of Nations within the Canadian context. Even
fewer scholars study connections between contemporary Aboriginal music and culture and how
these linkages inform teaching music. To address this gap, Hovorka designed a study employing
Indigenous methodologies with portraiture methodology. She combined arts-based methods and
ethnomusicology to create textual portraits of participants. She purposely selected five
participants, including traditional and contemporary Aboriginal musicians, as well as music
industry professionals from a variety of Nations across Canada, to explore the connections they
make between their music and their cultures and how it might inform music curricula in schools.
Data collection methods included videotaped individual semi-structured interviews followed by
two focus groups. The data were transcribed and then coded and analyzed using descriptive,
interpretive and pattern coding methods. Three themes emerged, Aboriginal music: (1) heals the
effects of assimilation and colonization; (2) expresses connections between Aboriginal traditions
and music through spiritual and physical connections to the Earth with an emphasis on the drum;
and (3) serves as an essential tool to disseminate knowledge from generation to generation.
Keywords: Aboriginal musics, Aboriginal cultures, Aboriginal education, colonialism.


title: Heart Rate Variability as a measure to identify autonomic dysfunction and mental health disorders in public safety personnel

contributor:
Smith, Kurt
Sinden, Kathryn
Newhouse, Ian
Ravanelli, Nicholas

subject: Autonomic dysfunction

subject: Identifying mental health disorders

subject: Heart rate variability (mental health)

subject: Public safety personnel (mental health disorders)

subject: Critical incidence exposure

abstract:
Unresolved trauma from critical incident exposures may lead to autonomic
dysfunction and mental health disorders in public safety personnel (PSP). Heart rate variability
(HRV) is a highly sensitive measure that can be used alongside psychological assessments to
identify early warning signs of autonomic dysfunction that may be an early detector of worsened
mental health.
Objectives. The two primary objectives of this project were to: 1) critically appraise the
literature involving HRV assessment in identifying mental health disorders in PSP based on its
scientific rigor, and 2) develop a knowledge translation (KT) tool in the form of an infographic
to guide HRV measurment and interpretation as a surrogate indice of autonomic function.
Method. To address objective 1, methods developed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) were
adapted to conduct a scoping review on studies that used HRV to assess mental health and/or
autonomic function in PSP. A quality appraisal (MacDermid et al., 2014) and a physiological
HRV checklist (Catai et al., 2020) were combined into a hybrid critical appraisal tool to assess
scientific merit of all studies. To address objective 2, high quality findings of the scoping review
and the physiological HRV checklist (Catai et al., 2020) were used to develop an HRV
measurement guideline infographic. [...]


title: Investigation into the ecological costs of sea lamprey control on lake sturgeon and ammocoete predators using olfactory techniques

subject:
Sea lamprey
Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)
Toxins
Olfactory system

abstract:
Fish that feed or travel in low light conditions particularly rely on their chemical
senses, such as olfaction, for survival.  Exposure to toxicants at concentrations lower
than those causing mortality can have detrimental effects on olfactory senses.
My research studied sea lamprey control from two ecological perspectives.  The first was to determine if
the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) affects the olfactory
capabilities and behaviour of young-of-the-year (YOY) lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), reduces food consumption and induces a change in blood glucose and lactate.
My methods utilized electro-olfactography (EOG), behavioural trials and
blood analysis.  The second part of my study investigated the attraction of lake sturgeon to the
scent of lamprey ammocoetes as a food source, using chemosensory baits in four northwestern Ontario locations.  Laboratory exposure of YOY lake sturgeon to TFM
caused a reduced olfactory response to L-alanine, taurocholic acid and a food cue.  It also reduced attraction to the scent of food and food consumption in the same species.
Exposed fish were active for a higher percentage of time, but with slower acceleration.
Fish were able to detect the scent of TFM, but did not significantly avoid it, which may
expose fish to the full toxic effects.  A number of small aquatic predators were attracted
to ammocoete-conditioned baits.  Healthy populations of these species may benefit sea
lamprey control and help to restore ecological processes that would improve the
functional performance of the Laurentian Great Lakes ecosystem.


title: Computational tools for the high-throughput identification of protein-targeted drugs and probes

contributor:
Floriano, Wely
Curiel, Laura
Phenix, Chris

subject: Molecular imaging in drug design

subject: Molecular imaging and probe development

subject: Molecular imaging modalities

subject: Biomarkers for cervical cancer and associated hypoxia

subject: Receptor tyrosine kinases as drug targets

subject: EphB4 kinase ligands

abstract:
This thesis is comprised of three projects that are driven by a common theme, which is the use of computational tools in aiding molecular probe and drug design. In the first project, the feasibility of using molecular docking and scoring to estimate binding affinity for small molecules labelled covalently with fluorophores was tested using several proof-of-concept experiments. The high-throughput nature of computational screening applications such as Hierarchical Virtual Ligand Screening (HierVLS) necessitate that, in order to screen these labelled compounds, there must be an automated way to generate the associated structures virtually from large databases of base compounds and fluorophores. A script was developed in MOE software using scientific vector language (SVL) that could identify key reactive functional groups in both reactive fluorophores and target base compounds, and create the appropriate labelled structures for screening. The final fluorescence-labelled database numbers 14,862 compounds, each tagged with the ATTO680 fluorophore.
In a subsequent project, the fluorescence-tagged library was screened against carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX), a protein implicated as a biomarker in several cancer types. This screening was accompanied by the screening of a validation set of known CAIX ligands and appropriately chosen decoys. The best scoring protocol according to our analyses was that which used principal components analysis. Ten of the top scoring candidates are suggested for future testing as probe candidates. CAIX binding sites were compared with equivalent residues in the sequences of 24 other CA isoforms to identify sites that might confer CAIX specificity, and the top scoring ligands were ranked according to this scheme. Lastly, experimental characterization was performed on three previously identified potential ligands for a cancer-related receptor tyrosine kinase, EphB4. Two in vitro assay formats were used: a homogenous time-resolved fluorescence assay and an enzyme-coupled spectrophotometric assay. One candidate, DNP-L-Arg, was the only one of the three with some experimental evidence of affecting kinase activity. The first assays suggested that DNP-L-Arg may have an activating effect on EphB4. The plausibility of this effect discussed with respect to mechanisms found in the literature, and using predicted and experimental structures for docked ligands. The coupled assay format did not conclusively confirm this effect.
The research presented underscores the ability for computational tools to be incorporated into a variety of different areas within the fields of biochemistry and drug design. Future complementary experimental work will be crucial both in evaluating and refining the suggested probe candidates and in further validating and improving the computational techniques used.


title: A framework for assessing skills training programs for building Indigenous capacity in natural resource development

subject: Community-based management

subject: Environmental monitoring

subject: Traditional ecological knowledge

abstract: Indigenous participation in natural resource development has become an integral part of the advancement of major projects both in Ontario and across Canada. This participation until the most recent decades was limited by insufficient capacity for Indigenous communities to represent their interests in project partnerships. The transition to community-based management in natural resource projects has provided an opportunity for better inclusion of Indigenous social values and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). The development of meaningful environmental monitoring programs is poised to further elevate capacity potential and enhance the stewardship role of Indigenous peoples. Through the establishment of a framework for assessing the options for programs to build Indigenous capacity, an evaluation of relevant and culturally appropriate skills training can be actualized.


title: Constructing bodies of knowledge: examining the discursive sites through which individuals come to understand what "health" means

subject:
Perceptions of health
Health as an absence of illness
Mechanistic conceptions of health
Holistic notions of health

abstract: How individuals perceive and understand health will impact the health behaviours that they en-gage in, how they engage with the healthcare system, and how they perceive themselves on a spectrum of healthfulness. Perceptions of health are developed within specific contexts, such that individuals’ understanding of what constitutes a state of health is shaped within the culture in which they are situated. The present study used semi-structured interviews to examine how individuals conceptualize health and health status, and through discourse analysis examined how culture and gender intersect to influence personal discourses of health. There were three main themes that emerged consistently within both lay and health-related participant groups around defining health and ill-health: Health as an absence of illness, Mechanistic conceptions of health (food and nutrition, obesity/overweight as unhealthy), and Holistic notions of health (psycholog-ical well-being, stress, and the role of environment on health). Lay persons have had greater ac-cess to biomedical discourse and medical professionals participate in social discourse, so the agreement between groups would be expected. Analyses by gender demonstrated that while males and females tended to use similar words to describe health, males appeared to use more active language references “activity” and “ability” more frequently than female participants. These research findings reflect a proliferation of biomedical discourse at the cultural level, in which the locus of control for health is located within the individual and their behaviours.


title: Critical reflection in the secondary classroom: anti-oppression education

contributor:
Grover, Sonja
Brady, Patrick
Delaney, Roger
Corntassel, Jeff

subject:
Indians of North America
Study and teaching (Secondary)
Civil rights
Northwestern Ontario
Indigenous Peoples
Education
Curricula

abstract:
This thesis argues that schools are sites where an ideology of colonialism is reproduced
through the roles of the institution, the educators (and their education), the students and
the absence of an integrated community. The researcher uses an anti-oppressive
pedagogical approach in a secondary school classroom in Northwest Ontario to
incorporate Indigenous rights education into existing curriculum. This research was
modeled after a participatory action research framework to allow flexibility and input
from participants. A curriculum unit based on the United Nations Declaration on the
Rights of Indigenous Peoples was developed and implemented in a secondary school
classroom; data was collected during the unit, through a questionnaire, a post-unit focus
group, and an interview with a Native Studies teacher. The research findings support the
need for the integration of Indigenous content in the Ontario public school system at the
ministry, board, teacher education, and school levels.


title: Gendered experiences in the gym

subject: Gender relations

subject: Gym culture

subject: Co-ed gyms

subject: Gendered nature of comfort within the gym

abstract:
Since the 1970s, women’s memberships in gyms have been on the rise, and co-ed gyms
have become increasingly popular. However, much of the existing research on co-ed gyms
suggests that traditional gender divisions – who does what and where in the gym – remain
entrenched, as women still report discomfort in central areas of the gym, particularly in relation
to activities such as weightlifting. My research utilizes a quantitative approach, and assesses the
impact of gender, along with other independent variables (age, body image, and prior fitness
experience), on the experience of member comfort at the gym. An online survey was distributed
to the members of a co-ed gym, asking about their level of comfort with a number of different
exercises and activities. While most respondents reported a high level of overall comfort at the
gym, the levels reported in relation to specific activities/equipment were more varied. For
example, a high variance of comfort was reported in traditionally gender-exclusive exercises
such as weight-training, and aerobic activities like Zumba. More gender-neutral activities such as
cardio machines, like overall comfort at the gym, did not show much variance in relation to
gender. While gender was the main variable of interest, factors such as body image, age, and
prior fitness experience were also found to be significant predictors of comfort at the gym. These
findings add to the literature on gender and comfort in gyms, and provide information that can be
used to increase member comfort, thereby improving the social environment of the gym.


title: EEG desynchronization and serial learning

subject:
Learning, Psychology of
Electroencephalography
Conditioned response

abstract: EEG correlates of serial learning were studies by examining two characteristics of EEG activation (mean or general level and peak level) in two groups of subjects, one of which was presented with a serial list for learning through the anticipation method (E group). The other was a resting control group which did not hear the serial items (C group).


title: Treatment of synthetic Kraft evaporator condensate and thermomechanical pulp pressate using novel thermophilic and mesophilic bioreactors / by Meiru Zheng.

subject:
Sulphate pulping process
Bioreactors
Sulfate waste liquor

abstract: A comparative study on the treatment of synthetic kraft evaporator condensate and thermomechanical pulp (TMP) pressate between thermophilic (55°C) and mesophilic (30°C) temperature was conducted using sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs), respectively. The performance of thermophilic and mesophilic SBRs was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, sludge flocculating ability and settleability for these two types of wastewater. Sludge characteristics, including floc size distribution, zeta potential, morphological mapping, were evaluated for sludge from both SBRs. The performance of the thermophilic and mesophilic MABRs was evaluated in terms of COD removal for these two types of wastewater. The main results and conclusions are summarized as below ... The COD removal efficiency (40 ~ 80%) of MABRs was lower than that of SBRs (60 ~ 90%) for TMP pressate treatment. The COD removal efficiency of thermophilic MABR (40 ~ 65%) was slightly lower than that of mesophilic MABR (50 ~ 80%). Effluent suspended solids in treated effluents of MABRs was higher than that of mesophilic SBR, suggesting a significant detachment of biofilms from membrane surfaces and the need of biosolids separation after MABRs to improve the quality of treated effluents."--from Abstract.


title: Detection and characterization of DNA damage

contributor:
Matheson, Carney
Leung, Kam
Schraft, Heidi

subject: DNA damage

abstract: The DNA molecule is constantly subjected to endogenous and exogenous sources of damage which if left unrepaired can lead to genotoxic and cytotoxic outcomes. These lesions have been implicated in the development of numerous diseases, carcinogenesis, and aging. This research focuses on the formation of such lesions, and unlike current research, demonstrates the potential of combining multiple analytical techniques to characterize a potential damage detection system.


title: Meta-analysis of reported cross-country skiing injuries

subject:
Cross-country skiing injuries
Sport specific injuries
Biomechanics of cross-country skiing

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive quantitative meta-analysis
including a qualitative assessment of studies reporting cross-country skiing
injuries. To date there have been three comprehensive review articles on cross-country
skiing injuries, yet these studies neglected to demonstrate the importance or statistical
significance of specific epidemiological factors. In addition, there has not been a
consistent approach to the design of studies that have attempted to describe the type
and prevalence of the observed injuries.
This meta-analysis considered three epidemiological parameters (body part
injured, injury types, and mechanisms of injury) in assessing cross-country skiing.
More than 200 articles on cross-country skiing injuries were initially collected and 53
were retained for the meta-analysis. The qualitative analysis of the cross-country skiing
injury articles allows us to conclude that the overall quality of the articles collected was
adequate but identified some areas of the research as lacking critical information,
especially in the description of the skiing conditions, the interacting role of other
activities/cross-training with cross-country skiing injuries and the mechanisms of injury
involved in this sport. The quantitative meta-analysis was used to summarize the results
of the studies and to determine to significance of the proportional estimates of injury
types, body part injuries, and the mechanisms of injuries in cross-country skiing. Nearly
every injury category demonstrated a significant prevalence. This study may provide the
framework for future consideration on research design, training and equipment
development that underlie injury prevalence in this sport.


title: Partial synthesis of chaksine

subject: Chaksine

abstract:
This thesis is concerned with the preliminary
studies in the synthesis of a monoterpenoid alkaloid,
chaksine,
Ethyl 2-methylcyclohexanone-6-carboxylate (XI)
was hydroxymethylated with formaldehyde to give Ethyl
2-methyl~6-hydroxymethylcyclohexanone--6-Carboxylate (XII).
Tosylation and cleavage of this product gave 2-methyl-6-
carbethoxy-B-heptenoic (XIV) acid along with the diethyl
ester (XIVa)» Ozonolysis of the diethyl ester yielded diethyl
2-keto-6-methyl pimelate (XV). A Wittig reaction v/ith
diethyl cyanomethyl phosphonate (XVI) gave l-cyano-6~methyll-
cyano-2, 6-dicarbethoxy-l-heptene (XVII).
Other related studies involved: 1) Preparation of
ethyl 2-methyl-6-vinylcyclohexanone-6-carboxylate (XXII),
2) A new method for preparation of 2-imidazolidones (XXIV).
3) Preparation of l-phenyl~2-aldehydo-6-methyl~l, 6-heptadiene
(XXXIII) and l-n-butylthio-2-aldehydo-6-methyl-l,
6-heptadiene (XXXIX).


title: Roles of teacher assistants in elementary school special education settings

subject:
Children with disabilities Education
Teachers' assistants

abstract:
While the occupation of teacher assistant has become rooted in the
Ontario School System no research exists concerning the roles these teacher
assistants perform in Ontario. There is also a paucity of research which
examines teacher assistant roles from the point of view of teacher assistants
themselves.
This research investigated the roles of teacher assistants in two
elementary school special education classrooms in Ontario. Qualitative
methods were used to gain an insider’s view of what teacher assistants do in
the classroom. These methods included interviews with teacher assistants,
teachers, principals and a superintendent as well as observations of teacher
assistants and teachers working together in the classroom and document
analysis of the Site School Board Teacher Assistant job description and
relevant Ontario Teachers’ Federation documents.
Based on the data a conceptual model of the roles of the teacher
assistant was developed. This model consisted of two categories of roles.
Category I was called Working with Children and consisted of five roles:
instructor, behaviour manager, observer, caregiver and team player. Category II
was called Non-Contact with Children and consisted of two roles: technician
and clerk.
Implications of this research include the development of curriculum for
preservice and inservice programs for teacher assistants as well as augmenting
curriculum in teacher preservice special education training in order to address
how to fully utilize the teacher assistants in the classroom. Further research is
recommended to investigate the caregiver role in greater depth and to examine
the relationship between the roles of the teacher and the teacher assistant.


title: Relationship among physical and hydrological stream and drainage basin characteristics and riparian vegetation structure

subject:
Riparian plants Ontario, Northwestern
Riparian ecology Ontario, Northwestern
Ecohydrology Ontario, Northwestern
Riparian vegetation structure
Watershed
Surficial geology

abstract:
The primary goal of this study was to examine the physical and biological structure of
riparian zones along streams in the Boreal forest of Northwestern Ontario and to discover
whether riparian structure was related to key hydrologic variables, including watershed
area and surficial geology. The first objective was to verify the relationship between
watershed area and physical and hydrological stream characteristics including discharge,
temperature, and gradient. The second objective was to determine the variability in
stream characteristics within a watershed scale based on differences in physical and
hydrological drainage basin characteristics. The third objective was to describe the
differences in the vegetation communities in riparian zones and upland communities.
The fourth objective of the study examined riparian structure and composition along
streams within watersheds that differ in physical and hydrological characteristics. The
Mackenzie, Wolf, and Spruce River watersheds were used in a nested sampling design
with watershed area class as a grouping variable. A total of 40 streams were sampled
having approximately 1 (n = 12), 10 (n = 12), 40 (n = 8) and 100 (n = 8) km2 watersheds.
Stream discharge, temperature and gradient, and riparian width and slope were measured
while surficial geology was evaluated. Riparian and upland plots were sampled on both
sides of the stream and vegetation species were recorded. The results showed clear
relationships among physical and hydrological stream and drainage basin characteristics
and riparian vegetation structure. As drainage area increased, stream discharge and
temperature increased and stream gradient decreased. Stream temperature and gradient
were lowest in streams with meadow marsh riparian zones. Riparian width decreased
while riparian slope increased with increases in drainage area. Riparian width was
greatest, and riparian slope least in meadow marsh riparian zones, while the width was
narrowest and slope greatest in conifer swamp riparian zones. Streams with both 1 and
10 km2 watersheds had riparian zones which had lower vegetation species diversity than
the surrounding upland timber zone. A discriminant function analysis revealed Speckled
Alder, Aspen, and Beaked Hazel characterizing the riparian zones of smaller streams (1
km2 watershed), grasses and sedges characterizing the riparian zones of intermediate
sized streams (10 km2 watershed), and Cedar, Honeysuckle and Currants characterizing
riparian zones around large streams (100 km2 watersheds). There was a positive
relationship between drainage area and the drainage basin’s surface roughness,
width/depth ratio, and stream channel sinuosity, while there was a negative relationship
between drainage area and the drainage basin’s stream channel and basin slopes. This
study characterized riparian vegetation structure along a stream continuum to understand
better the structure and function of riparian communities and will be used as part of a first
step towards assessing the possible effects of timber harvesting on aquatic ecosystems to
ensure the effective management of riparian forest ecosystems.


title: Comparative analysis of the properties of tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) particleboard and thermally treated oriented strand board (OSB)

subject:
Tamarack - Mechanical properties
Particle board
Fiberboard
Engineered wood products

abstract:
Engineered wood products (EWPs), for example, particleboard and oriented strand board (OSB), are normally made from wood residuals or small particles of underutilized wood species for replacing solid sawn products as its cost effective, more uniform, and a more efficient method of using available timber resources. Although, denser and more uniform than conventional wood, particleboard is a cheaper and low strength composite material. In addition, lower stability of OSB is the main obstacle in the expansion into a larger segment of the market; even though other properties are comparable to plywood. Thermal modification is a relatively new technology attracting the attention of many industries for improving stability in an environmentally friendly way, and the use of thermally modified composite panels for structural purposes is of increasing interest. Therefore, this research was carried out focusing on the manufacturing of particleboard and thermally modified OSB.
The purpose of the first aspect of the research was to investigate if the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard can be improved by using different types of raw material (juvenile wood, mature wood whole tree, mature wood heartwood from tamarack {Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch)). For the second aspect of this research, the effect of heat-treatment temperatures (160°C and 175°C) on selected physical and mechanical properties of thermally modified OSB was determined.
The properties evaluated for both parts were bending (MOR and MOE) and bonding strength (IB), thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), linear expansion (LE), surface hardness (H), and face screw withdrawal strength (FS).  Results conducted from the first study showed that the mature whole tree board outperformed the minimum standard values on most selected properties. Comparing the effects of raw material, it is found that the heartwood board produced better physical properties and bonding strength compared to others, which is probably due to the high content of extractives present in the heartwood.
Results gathered from the second study indicate that wood variation not only exists in solid wood products, but also in the composite products. Low temperature treatment (160°C) displayed a better dimensional stability than the control group without largely affecting mechanical properties in a negative way, such as FS and hardness. However, high temperature samples (175°C) negatively affected mechanical properties, however, display better water resistance than the control group. For structural end use purposes, parallel to the long direction of OSB should be confirmed as it is the strength direction.
The results of this study suggest utilization of under-utilized species for
particleboard manufacturing in the panel industry is possible, and the increased life span of exterior applications by using a low temperature ThermoWood treatment on OSB is a feasible process to allow new applications for OSB, including areas of higher moisture content where OSB currently cannot be utilized in these conditions.


title: Structural determinations by analytical analysis of 7-phosphanorbornadiene derivatives and amino acid enantiomers

subject:
Phosphorus (Reactivity)
Amino acids
Racemization

abstract:
The purpose of Chapter 1 is to create a bicyclic, two-coordinate phosphorus derivative in the
form of a 2,3-benzo-l,4,5,6-tetraphenyl-7-phosphanorbomadiene anion and measure its
experimental 3,P NMR chemical shift. This value is compared to a theoretical NMR shift of
8 +1085 ppm calculated by D.B. Chesnut at Duke University using ab initio quantum mechanics.
This is the largest downfield chemical shift ever predicted for an organophosphorus compound.
Diphenylacetylene was reacted with solid Li to produce l,4-dilithio-l,2,3,4-tetraphenylbutadiene
(LTPB). Then, LTPB was reacted with dichlorophenylphosphine to produce pentaphenylphosphole,
which was oxidized with 30% hydrogen peroxide to pentaphenylphosphole oxide.
Next, this oxide was reacted with benzyne to synthesize 2,3-benzo-l,4,5,6,7- pentaphenyl-7-
phosphabicyclo[2.2. l]hept-5-ene oxide which has a 31P NMR chemical shift of 8 + 96 ppm.
Reduction of this product using trichlorosilane afforded products with 31P NMR chemical shifts
o f 8 +57 and +58 ppm which could possibly be the two isomers of 2,3-benzo-l,4,5,6,7-
pentaphenyl-7- phosphabicyclo[2.2. l]hept-5-ene. Further reduction of these crude products was
attempted using elemental sodium but with no success. Because of a time restraint and the
difficulty in obtaining a stable 7-phosphanorbomadiene, the bicyclic, two- coordinate anionic
phosphorus derivative could not be synthesized and proven to have a 31P NMR chemical shift of
8+1085 ppm.
Amino acid racemization occurs according to the environment to which the amino acids are
exposed. Racemization occurs when laevorotary-forms of amino acids are converted to
dextrorotary-forms of amino acids by exposure to weak acids or bases, over time. This
conversion in ancient samples was found to take place at the same rate as degradation of DNA.
It was found [1] that if the D/L ratio of aspartic acid was lower than 0.08 in a bone or tissue
sample, viable DNA could be extracted from it In Chapter 2 this research attempted to
derivatize enantiomeric amino acids with L-Marfey’s Reagent to produce diastereomers that
could be separated using capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography, and high pressure liquid
chromatography. Problems with the equipment, contamination, unrepeatable results and a
variety of unknown factors plagued this portion of the research. This mode of testing for the
presence of viable DNA was deemed a non-viable process.


title: Worldviews in transition : the changing nature of the Lake Nipigon Anishinabek Metis

contributor:
Southcott, Chris
Nelson, Randy
West, Doug

subject: Ojibwa Indians Ontario Lake Nipigon Region (Philosophy)

subject: Metis Ontario Lake Nipigon Region (Philosophy)

subject: Ojibwa Indians Ontario, Northwestern Philosophy

abstract:
In Northwestern Ontario (NWO) there is a need to assure a more complete
understanding of the Indigenous voice. The researcher, who examined existing theories
and research methodologies in sociology, determined that these frameworks of the
world have difficulty conceptualizing Indigenous-based cultural worldviews. This
impedes adequate awareness and understanding of this population. This study was an
exploration into the need to develop alternatives to the standard sociological theories.
The researcher argued that it is only by exploring alternative theoretical frameworks that
we can develop and create awareness and understanding of other cultures. An
Indigenous, culturally based theoretical framework was used to explore the personal
standpoint of the Lake Nipigon Anishinabek Metis, as represented by the writings of one
of its Elders. The Anishinabek Metis worldview and ways of learning about the world
was revealed and described in these stories. This way of learning about the world
through stones and story telling has been documented by other disciplines such as
anthropology. What is unique about this study is that the researcher is interpreting these
stories from her culturally based vantage point The researcher uses her subjectivity
and experience to assist in the interpretation process of the stories told. It is intended
that this, utilizing an Indigenous-based theoretical framework and examining it by using
an Indigenous voice will create an awareness and understanding of this population in
NWO.


title: Dimensions of crime and punishment at the Lakehead, 1873-1903 / by David Trembley. --

subject: Crime Ontario Port Arthur History.

subject: Crime Ontario Fort William History.

subject: Criminal justice, Administration of Ontario Port Arthur History.


title: Neuropsychological characteristics of nonclinical obsessive-compulsives

subject: Obsessive-compulsive disorder

abstract:
Neuropsychological functioning was examined in 118 introductory psychology
students (males=43, females=75) who reported varying levels of nonclinical
obsessive-compulsive behaviours. Using the four subscales of the Padua
Inventory, five groups of students were identified: (1) High Obsessive-
Compulsives (N=22); (2) Low Obsessive-Compulsives (N=23); (3) High
Compulsives (N=24); (4) High Obsessives (N=25); and (5) Normal Scorers
(N=24). It was assumed that students reporting nonclinical obsessivecompulsive
behaviour would demonstrate visual spatial deficits that were
similar to what has been reported in recent research on obsessive-compulsive
patients. A visual spatial memory deficit involving the organization and recall
of sequences was identified in the high compulsive group compared to the
normal and high obsessive scorers. This finding could not be explained by
group differences in depression, anxiety, or intelligence. Failure to find any
group differences in verbal memory indicative of left-hemisphere functioning
implies that the deficit seen in compulsives may reflect right-hemisphere
impairment. Gender differences in verbal and visual spatial tasks was
observed. The findings are congruent with recent neuropsychological research
on clinical obsessive-compulsives and nonclinical compulsive ’checkers’.


title: Real-time implementation of some bilateral teleoperation schemes

subject:
Robots
Control systems
Robotics
Manipulators (Mechanism)
Automatic control

abstract: Today's technology has pushed back many boundaries that we thought were impossible. One of these technologies is bilateral teleoperation. Bilateral teleoperation allows an operator to control a robot, at a distance, over a communication medium and get a feedback of the interaction forces between the robot's end-effector and the remote environment. This technology leads, for instance, to application in telesurgery, hazardous material handling and underwater repairs. Our main research is to compare different control methods for such a system using a six degree of freedom (DOF) parallel robot for the master device and a 6 DOF serial robot for the slave device. According to the choice of the transmitted variables over the communication medium, we attempt to show the inherent differences between transmitting position/sensor force information, velocity/control force information and, thereafter, wave variables. The Position Error Based (PEB) controller, the Kinesthetic Force Based (KFB) controller and the transmission of Wave variables are implemented. Experimental results with and without time delays present are carried out and compared. For our implementations a haptic device, based on the twin pantograph architecture, is used as a master manipulator, while the slave manipulator is a 6 DOF serial robot manipulator, the A465 Robot by CRS Robotics.


title: Psychological inventories for competitive ice hockey

subject:
Hockey.
Psychological tests
Hockey players (Testing)

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to develop a series of
self-report psychological inventories for assessing behavior in the
competitive and training situations of ice hockey. In addition,
coaching prescriptions appropriate to the idiosyncratic responses
of each player were formulated. This study described the
procedures required to develop a set of accurate behavior
inventories *
A variety of developmental procedures were involved in the
construction of this tool. In their completed and final form the
inventories consisted of a total of 278 question items.  Appropriate coaching prescriptions were provided for the majority
of items. The inventories were found to be valid, readable,
reliable, objective and standardized assessment instruments which
promoted honest and accurate responding in subjects.
These inventories differed from past psychological tests
because they, 1) considered behavior rather than personality characteristics, 2) considered each item of response as an
important datum for interpretation, and 3) were specific to ice
hockey.
The inventories solicit self-report accurate information
concerning social, attitudinal, training and pre-competition and
competition behaviors, reactions to difficulties, rewards and goals
and manifested reactions to pre-competitive stress. They were
intended to analyze individual player responses and communicate
information and appropriate coaching procedures to his/her coach.
The utlilization of these tests could enhance coaching effectiveness. Information obtained from the inventories could be
used by ice hockey coaches to design specific programs to meet
individual requirements for maximizing player performance. The
inventories were appropriate for use by ccmpetitive ice hockey
players over the age of 11 years.


title: Body dissatisfaction and affect : the effects of mode of mind induction and three dimensional body shape exposure

subject:
Body image
Body dissatisfaction

abstract:
The purpose of the present study was to investigate how specific mode of mind
inductions, in conjunction with 3D and 2D body image exposure, impact body
dissatisfaction (BD) and affect in 81 female undergraduates. The two mode of mind
inductions examined were mindfulness-based focused breathing and rumination/worry.
Participants were randomly assigned to either a focused breathing or rumination/worry
induction, followed by life-sized body image exposure in either 2D or 3D. Results
indicated that the most adversely affected individuals were those in the 3Drumination/
worry group. Participants in this group experienced significant increases in
BD and negative affect (NA) as well as a significant reduction in positive affect (PA).
While participants in general found body exposure to be aversive, those with high dispositional
body dissatisfaction expressed significantly higher levels of NA.
Exploratory correlational analysis indicated that a possible link exists between BD and
the subsequent increase in NA following body exposure. Findings of the present study
suggest that being in a state of rumination/worry may exacerbate the negative reactions to
body exposure. This phenomenon may be more pronounced in females high in
dispositional BD.


title: Cortical Reactivity and Attentional Bias during a Body Image Exposure

subject:
Body dissatisfaction and personality
Body image exposure
Frontal asymmetry
Attentional bias
Narcissistic vulnerability

abstract: Photographs of one’s own body can evoke different motivational tendencies, depending on one’s own body satisfaction and narcissistic propensity. The present study had two main purposes: (1) to replicate and extend the findings from Chong (2014) in order to investigate whether the relationship between body satisfaction and frontal asymmetry is mediated by self-attentional bias, and (2) to determine whether the relationship between body satisfaction and self-attentional bias is moderated by narcissistic vulnerability. A total of 79 Lakehead University female undergraduates completed questionnaires pertaining to narcissism and body satisfaction followed by a laboratory visit to engage in a dot probe and picture-viewing task. The study failed to replicate the negative relationship between body satisfaction and frontal asymmetry, and to demonstrate the hypothesized mediating effect of attentional bias on this relationship. However, body satisfaction predicted attentional bias towards oneself among individuals high on narcissistic vulnerability. At 175 ms exposure duration during the dot probe task, greater narcissistic vulnerability predicted attentional bias towards oneself when participants had high body satisfaction relative to their low-satisfaction counterparts. An opposite pattern emerged at 500 ms exposure duration such that greater narcissistic vulnerability predicted attentional bias towards oneself when participants had low body satisfaction compared to their high-satisfaction counterparts. These observations suggest that in response to stimuli that pose a threat to self-representation, narcissistically vulnerable individuals may engage in attentional processing strategies to build and maintain their self-representation. The null findings are discussed in terms of replication concerns in psychological research, as well as limitations with the existing models of frontal asymmetry.


title: Survey of Public Health Agency of Canada (Ontario region) employees on their knowledge and attitudes towards the "population health approach" / by Bryanna Scott.

contributor:
Montelpare, William
Russell, Connie

subject: Public health administration - Public opinion

subject: Medical policy - Public opinion

subject: Public Health Agency of Canada (Ontario Region)

subject: Ontario

subject: Population health approach

abstract:
This study develops and advances an understanding of a population health approach by surveying employees at the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) (Ontario Region). It was expected that the research would provide valuable information about the current level of knowledge among the employees within an organization that has expressed a specific approach--to practice the population health approach. Further, it was to determine if there was a need to develop in-service programs that could inform the employees about the "organization's objective" and how they might apply the population health approach. The survey examined a select cohort of the PHAC (Ontario Region) employees. The format of the survey included a pencil and paper self-administered questionnaire which was distributed through the PHAC's internal lotus notes e-mail system.  The questionnaire included ordinal scaled questions, binary (yes/no) questions, open-ended questions and multiple choice items. It was noted that of the twenty five participants of the study, 80% (twenty) either agreed or strongly agreed that people who understand the population health approach are likely to use it in their daily work and twenty one people either agreed or strongly agreed that those who understood the population health approach were likely to share their knowledge with their coworkers. It was concluded that although some employees could identify the twelve key determinants of health and they could define the population health approach similar to the PHAC, in-service programs should be developed to assist those who do not understand
the concept and those who do not use the approach in their work.


title: Surface estimation from multi-modal tactile data

subject:
Robotics
Vision and tactile sensing
Robotic manipulator
Sensing modules in robots

abstract:
The increasing popularity of Robotic applications has seen use in healthcare, surgery,
and as an industrial tool. These robots are expected to be able to make physical
contact with the objects in the environment which allows tasks such as grasping and
manipulation, while also allowing to obtain information about the objects such as
shape, texture, and hardness. In an ideal world, a complete model of the environment would be known beforehand and robots would not need to explore objects and
surfaces since their information would be available in the model of the world. In the
real world, most environments are unstructured and robots must be able to operate
safely without causing harm to themselves or objects while taking into account environmental uncertainties and building models for the environment and its objects.
To overcome this, the trend has been to use computer vision to detect objects in the
environment. Although computer vision has seen great advancement in this regard,
there are some problems that cannot be solved by using vision alone. Objects that
are occluded, transparent, or do not have rich visual features cannot be detected by
using vision. It is also impossible to estimate features such as hardness or tactile
texture using vision. To this end, we use a bio-inspired tactile sensor consisting of
a compliant structure, a MARG sensor, and a pressure sensor along with a robotic
manipulator to explore surfaces with the only assumption that the general location
of the surface is known. This sensing module allows the robotic manipulator to have
a predetermined angle of approach which is essential when exploring unseen surfaces. [...]


title: Reading disability : a look at poor readers' WISC-R profile scores as suggested by Dr. S. Truch / by James L. Aitken.

subject: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

subject: Reading disability Testing


title: Mental Health Literacy and Ontario Young People: Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

subject:
Mental health
Mental health literacy
Major depressive disorder
Bipolar disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Mental illness in young people

abstract:
This study examined the mental health literacy of a group of young people, with particular
interest to their ability to correctly label, identify symptoms, and recommend appropriate help
sources for Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder.
Respondents were 88 Ontario, Canada residents (26 males, 62 females) aged 18-24. Respondents
provided mixed knowledge in ability to determine whether an individual was dealing with
mental illness as well as mixed knowledge in labeling the mental disorders examined and
identifying the symptoms of each disorder. Respondents were significantly more likely to
correctly label Major Depressive Disorder opposed to Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Bipolar
Disorder. As well, respondents were significantly more likely to label appropriate symptoms for
Major Depressive Disorder opposed to Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. Our
findings suggest that young people have a greater mental health literacy for Major Depressive
Disorder opposed to Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. Results are discussed
in light of prior adolescent and young adult mental health literacy and clinical implications.


title: Biology of Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798 (Nematoda : Cystidicolidae) in salmonid fishes

subject:
Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798
Fishes Ontario Parasities
Nematoda Ontario

abstract:
Morphological studies, experimental cross-infections and host specificity data suggest that the species of swimbladder nematode which matures in Coregonus clupeaformis, from inland lakes is not distinct from Cystidicola farionis which matures in Coregonus artedii and other salmonids from Lakes Superior and Nipigon.  Adult worms in Coregonus clupeaformis are morphologically indistinguishable from those in other hosts. However, eggs of worms in Coregonus clupeaformis have
predominantly lateral filaments, while those in other hosts have predominantly polar filaments. Larvae which accumulate but do not mature in the swimbladder of
Coregonus clupeaformis from Lake Nipigon, grew and developed toward maturity in hatchery-reared Coregonus clupeaformis of Lake Simcoe origin. One, mature, male worm was found 77 days after experimental infection. Only female worms containing unshelled eggs were found after 120 days. This suggests that the development of C. farionis may depend on host strain. Uncertainty remains as to whether variations in egg morphology are host-induced or due to genetic differences
of the worms involved.
Filaments on the eggs of C. farionis readily adhere to the setose areas on the
appendages of amphipod intermediate hosts. Presumably, this increases the
probability of the intermediate host ingesting eggs. Eggs stored in water or saline for periods of two weeks or more do not hatch in the gut of amphipods. Only eggs recently released from female worms hatch and develop.
Mature swimbladder nematodes were found in Coregonus clupeaformis from all
of seven inland lakes examined in northwestern Ontario. Coregonus artedii was present in three of these lakes but was not infected, perhaps due to the lack of amphipod intermediate hosts in its diet. Cystidicola farionis matures in Salvelinus namaycush from Pettit Lake, Ontario and has eggs resembling those from worms in
Coregonus clupeaformis from the same lake. Prosopium coulteri from Lake Superior are infected with C. farionis (new host record) but are not considered to be a
suitable host for the worm as no mature worms were found. Infections in
Coregonus clupeaformis from Pettit Lake and in Salmo gairdneri from Lake Superior
exhibited similar seasonal periodicity with largest worm numbers occurring in the
spring.
The cephalic structures of C. farionis and its close relative, C. stigmatura,
were studied using a scanning electron microscope and are compared with those of other cystidicolids.


title: Relationships between perception of workplace, death anxiety, knowledge and attitudes toward care of the dying among palliative care nurses

contributor:
Bowd, Alan
Haines, James
Taylor, Jane

subject: Palliative treatment Ontario, Northwestern Psychological aspects

subject: Nurses Ontario, Northwestern Psychology

subject: Nursing Ontario, Northwestern Psychological aspects

abstract:
This study describes the relationships between perception o f workplace, death anxiety,
knowledge and attitudes toward care of the dying among palliative care nurses. The study was
conducted on a sample of 48 nurses across Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The sample had
received a minimum of thirty hours o f palliative care education. The questionnaire included a
demographic overview, items which rated the nurses’ perceptions of their workplaces.
Templar’s Death Anxiety Scale, the Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses and the Attitude Toward
Care of the Dying Scale.


title: The Chronicles of North Narnia: a scholarly personal narrative of place-based learning on the Lakehead University Thunder Bay campus

contributor:
Greenwood, David
Russell, Connie

subject:
Place-based learning
Education for sustainability

abstract:
Whether they are large intact forests or small urban greenspaces, places have the potential to
captivate, inspire, educate and foster a deep sense of stewardship towards the natural world. Placebased education is a growing field that views places not only as potential centres of academic
learning, but also as catalysts for community collaboration and care. Utilising a primarily
phenomenological approach, this study focuses on my direct experience engaging with a specific
place on the Lakehead University campus, referred to as North Narnia, over the course of nine
months. Observations and anecdotes from this immersive experience are represented in the form of a
Scholarly Personal Narrative (SPN), a form of writing and inquiry that weaves together my personal
experience interacting with place with relevant literature. The major themes I address include
nomenclature, place engagement practices, seasonal change, emotional connection to place and the
specific implications of my experience for individuals, educators and institutions. Through the SPN, I
detail the significance and benefits of connecting with place, place engagement practices that learners
might use to authentically engage with their surroundings and how institutions can support placebased learning and stewardship through a living laboratory approach. The findings of this study are
broadly applicable to individuals and educators looking to connect meaningfully with place, and
specifically applicable to Lakehead University’s ongoing efforts to integrate sustainability across the
campus.


title: Comparing Aboriginal community-based criteria and indicators in forest management planning

contributor:
Smith, Peggy
McLaren, Brian
West, Doug

subject:
Sustainable forest management
Traditional ecological knowledge
Community well-being
Aboriginal forestry in Canada

abstract:
Criteria and indicator (C&I) frameworks have been developed and implemented
on national and international scales to measure sustainable forest management. The
purpose of this research is to examine the reasons why Indigenous communities would
develop local-level criteria and indicator frameworks, what the process is for their
development and how they are being used. Criteria and indicators were collected from
published and unpublished literature for six First Nation communities. The indicators
were reorganized using researcher definitions of institutional, cultural, environmental,
social and economic indicators for ease of data analysis. Representatives from each of
the case studies were interviewed to provide contextual information about their
framework development. Indigenous indicators capture values rooted in traditional
knowledge and cultural practices and seek to remedy social issues centred on
community well-being. In the last decade the use of C&I in forest management is
declining, but C&I still serve as an important tool to collect data and values to measure
change and achieving goals, especially at the local level.


title: Growth and photosynthetic responses of white spruce seedlings to levels of trembling aspen and red raspberry cover

contributor:
Bell, Wayne
Luckai, Nancy
Groot, Art
Sharma, Mahadev

subject: White spruce seedlings

subject: Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)

subject: Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

subject: White spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss)

subject: Ground line diameter

subject: Photosynthetically active radiation

abstract: The effect of competitve species upon crop tree regeneration and growth continues to receive attention from researchers due to the importance of the outcomes. This study stakes a new approach, by examining the combined effects of varied levels of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) upon microclimate and 68-83 cm high white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss) seedling growth and rates of photosynthesis. Regression, curve estimation and response surface methodology were used to examine the interactions between the two competitive species and the crop species, to ascertain the importance of each competitor and in what aspect it competes.


title: Changing medical understandings of cervical cancer and the development of screening programs in post-war Ontario

subject: Cervical cancer

subject: Medical, moral & social implications (cervical cancer)

subject: Development of cervical cancer prevention programs

subject: Cancer screening

abstract:
The history of cervical cancer has been a marginalised and neglected facet of medical
history in Canada. My thesis examines changing understandings of the disease over the past 100
years, and, in particular, the rising incidence of cervical cancer and the lack of effective screening,
primarily in Canada but also in the United States and the United Kingdom. While tracing the
technological advances in screening for cervical cancer is important, there is more of a social
aspect to this history that needs to be investigated. Attitudes about women, their health, and their
lifestyles play an integral part in the historical development of the medical understanding of this
disease. While screening programs have been organized internationally, including Canada, these
vital services are still not reaching all women. Health Canada states that up to “ 15% of women
have never been screened; 30% haven’t been screened in the last 3 years...[and] the 5-year
survival rate is only 74%.”' By rediscovering the past medical constructions of the disease and
tracing the development of screening programs on an international level, a clearer understanding
of the problems plaguing programs today may be achieved.


title: Interpersonal trust between native and non native children / by Carrie Lee Cerda.

subject:
Trust (Psychology) in children
Indian children North America.
Child psychology

abstract:
The thesis concerns the interpersonal trust between
Native and Non-Native cultures/races as potentially
manifested in their children. Four groups of children were
tested: 35 Native children from segregated Native schools, 48
Non-Native children who attended a predominately Non-Native
school, 48 Non-Native children and 30 Native children who
attended mixed race schools. The children were presented with
a brief description of a hypothetical child who was depicted In
a photograph as having mixed Native and White features. For
half of the group of children, the hypothetical child was
identified as Indian (Native) and for the other half, the child
was Identified as White. The children judged the extent to
which the Native or the Non-Native child would tell the truth,
fulfill promises and keep secrets. A same race pattern of trust
expectancy was found, in which Native children expected that
the Native child would be more likely to keep rather than break
promises, keep rather than break secrets and tell the truth
rather than lie, compared to the Non-Native child. The Non-
Native children demonstrated the opposite pattern of
expectations. Consistent with the social contact hypothesis,
the same-race pattern expectations of promise keeping was
less evident In mixed than same race schools.


title: Food and mirror image as reinforcers in discrimination reversal learning with Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens)

subject: Discrimination learning


title: Job satisfaction of secondary school principals in the Rift Valley province of Kenya

subject: Job satisfaction (Kenya Great Rift Valley)

subject: High school principals (Kenya Great Rift Valley)

abstract:
Few studies have examined how school administrators in Kenya perceive their work and employment
conditions. The primary purpose of this study was to determine which aspects of the principal' s
position contributed to job satisfaction of Kenyan secondary school administrators. A secondary
purpose was to investigate the extent to which overall job satisfaction is related to individual
characteristics of the principals and to organizational  characteristics
of the schools.
Data were obtained by means of a survey questionnaire, which was mailed to 201 secondary school
principals in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya. The response  rate was 67%  (135/201).
The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational analyses and multiple linear
regression, as well as comparison of means using t-tests to answer the research questions. Content
analyses of free response information  were used to give substance to  statistical  findings.
The majority of the Kenyan secondary school principals (90%) were satisfied with their total work
role. Highest satisfaction scores were associated with (1) principal relationships with teachers
and students, (2) principal's social relationships with teachers, and (3) the principal' s freedom
to allocate teaching assignments.  Principals appeared to be dissatisfied with "fringe benefits
under
the contract" and "other fringe benefits".
The means calculated from the reported perception of overall job
satisfaction were not significantly different for (a) age, (b) gender, (c) length of
administrative service, (d) post-secondary education, (e) school setting, (f) type
of school system, or (g) school size.


title: Student-teacher relationships and their perceived impact on learning and motivation

contributor:
Mastrangelo, Sonia
Lovell-Johnston, Meridith
Hunter, sarah
Savage, Michael

subject:
Student-teacher relationships
Learning theories (Education)
Theories of motivation (Education)

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore student perceptions specifically connected to
student views of their relationships with teachers and the impact these relationships have on
student learning and motivation. There are many studies (Birch & Ladd, 1997; Clinton, 2013;
Ostrosky & Jung, 2010) in the field of education that explore the presence of a positive studentteacher relationship as a contributor to success, but only a few (Baber & Noreen, 2018;
Newberry, 2010) have taken an approach where student voice is the focal point of inquiry.
Through the use of the social constructivist perspective on learning, where knowledge is
constructed through our interactions with others, and focusing exclusively on student
perspective, the aim of this research was to explore student perceptions about the student-teacher
relationships. The research design followed a phenomenological approach in order to allow
students’ voices to be showcased as a valuable means for gaining new knowledge. Students
selected for this study are currently enrolled in, or have just completed, Grades 4-8 in Ontario
elementary schools. Students were first asked to complete a student demographic survey (see
Appendix B) asking to define the term “relationship” and rate the importance of student-teacher
relationships on their learning and motivation using a five-point Likert scale. Additionally,
students engaged in a reflective timeline task (see Appendix C) recalling and describing their
student-teacher relationships from Kindergarten to their current grade. Following this, students
engaged in semi-structured interviews (see Appendix D for interview questions). Data was
analyzed for commonalities and to specifically answer the three research questions proposed for
exploration in the study. After careful reflection and inductive reasoning, it is apparent that
students’ learning and motivation are in fact impacted both positively and negatively by their
student-teacher relationships.


title: Experienced Aboriginal teachers' narratives in the publicly funded school system

subject:
Aboriginal Canadian teachers
Racism in education
Native language and education
Native students
Education
Native peoples

abstract:
The lack of literature related to the perceptions of experienced Aboriginal teachers in the
publicly funded school system represented a void in knowledge. Within this Indigenous narrative
study the Aboriginal teachers provided their experiences with isolation, overt and covert racism,
and perseverance. Advice for improving various aspects of Native language/studies instruction
and supporting relationships with colleagues, administrators, parents, and students, in publicly
funded schools were also explored.


title: Radio resource allocation in OFDMA system

subject: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

subject: Wireless communication systems

subject: Frequency selective fading channel

subject: Multi-access communication

abstract:
In this thesis, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system is considered.
Assuming perfect knowledge of instantaneous channel conditions for all users, we propose resource
allocation algorithms to minimize the total transmission power subject to the constraints
of the requirements of each user’s data rate and bit error rate (BER) which is referred to as
margin adaptive (MA) problem, or to maximize the overall spectral efficiency while simultaneously
satisfying the requirements of each user’s d ata rate, BER and base station (BS)’s
transmission power constraint which is referred to as rate adaptive (RA) problem. By converting
the above problems into linear integer programming problems, a branch-and-bound method
based optimal algorithm and a fast suboptimal algorithm are proposed. The proposed branch-and-
bound method based optimal algorithm offers the same optimal performance as full-search
algorithm with remarkably reduced computational complexity. The proposed suboptimal algorithm
, which is based on the formulation with constraints considered and greedy approach, can
be used to solve both MA and RA optimization problems by satisfying the constraints one by
one without any bit loading or transmission power distribution assumptions. Compared with
other suboptimal methods, the performance of this suboptimal algorithm is close to the optimal
one with even lower computational complexity.
Index Terms-adaptive modulation, frequency selective fading channel, multi-access communication,
multiuser channel, channel capacity, orthogonal frequency division multiple access
(OFDMA), power control, resource management.


title: Through gendered lenses : exploring rural seniors' use of photovoice to document health barriers and supports in Northwestern Ontario

contributor:
Wakewich, Pamela
Kelley, Mary Lou
Kelley, Mary Lou

subject:
Senior life in rural areas
Gendered dimension of health care
Gender and technology
Use of photovoice with seniors

abstract: In recent years the popularity of visual research methods such as photovoice has steadily increased (Dennis et al., 2009). The knowledge that "images evoke deeper elements of human consciousness than do words" (Harper, 2002, p.13) allows researchers to form a deeper connection to participants than when relying on words alone. Keller et al. argue that this deeper connection between participants and researchers leads to a greater bond of trust, providing results with greater meaning and greater insight into cultural and social factors (2008).


title: Human-animal divide : anthropocentrism and education

subject: Anthropomorphism

subject: Animal rights

subject: Animal welfare (Moral and ethical aspects)

subject: Anthropocentrism

abstract: This thesis is devoted to exploring anthropocentrism, the concept of human-centredness, as it relates to humans, animals, and education. Employing the philosophical research method of conceptual analysis and working with a five-part theoretical framework (Chapter 1), I explore anthropocentrism's meanings, manifestations, and rationalizations (Chapter 2), discuss three bodies of theory--animal liberation/animal rights, ecofeminism, and poststructuralism--that help to illuminate it (Chapter 3), consider the connections between anthropocentrism and education (Chapter 4), and outline potential educational responses to anthropocentrism (Chapter 5). Through these chapters my intention is to demonstrate that anthropocentrism is a serious bias that deserves critical educational attention, both for the sake of students and the sake of all other animals with whom we share the planet.


title: Systematic review, evaluating the evidence of an association between exposure to swine or poultry in agricultural settings and human infection with zoonotic influenza viruses / by Carol Styles

subject:
Zoonoses
Avian influenza
Animals as carriers of disease

abstract: [Systematic review of research in influenza and human infection with zoonotic influenza viruses.]


title: Asian-American variant of human papillomavirus 16 E6 promotes the Warburg effect and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signalling under hypoxia / by Sean Cuninghame.

subject:
Papillomaviruses
Cervical cancer research
E6 oncogenes
Genetic variants of HPV type 16

abstract:
Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for nearly all cases of cervical cancer, as well as a significant fraction of other ano-genital and head and neck cancers. Specifically, HPV type 16 (HPV 16) causes the majority of cervical cancers attributed to HPV infection. Intratypic variation occurs within the HPV16 genome such that naturally occurring variants have been described that display variable risks in
promoting cervical cancer. In particular, the Asian-American (AA) variant of HPV16 has been found to be a greater risk factor for the development and earlier onset of invasive cervical cancer than the European Prototype (EP). Keratinocytes transduced with the AA variant were previously shown to have increased levels of glycolytic enzymes, implying
AAE6 may enhance the Warburg effect - the tendency of cancer cells to take up higher levels of glucose and metabolize it to lactate. Therefore, glucose consumption and lactate production were assessed in the context of these variants and AAE6 was found to enhance the Warburg effect. To elucidate the mechanism behind this shift in metabolism, the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway was investigated. HIF-1 is a heterodimeric transcription factor made up of [alpha symbol] and [beta symbol] subunits, and enhances the transcription of genes involved in the Warburg effect. Even under normoxic conditions, HIF-1 a is detectable in AAE6 cells, and its levels are higher in the nucleus than in EPE6 cells. A HIF-1-specific reporter assay found HIF-1 activity to be greater in AAE6 in
comparison to EPE6 under hypoxia, a typical hallmark of the tumour microenvironment.  Gene expression analysis found that the HIF-1 targets GLUTl and VEGF-A are induced to a greater degree in AAE6 cells exposed to hypoxia. Future studies can elucidate the functionality of HIF-1 in AAE6’s enhanced invasive potential via RNA-interference.


title: R.B. Bennett and the charge of one-man government : an analysis of his relationship with potential rivals

subject: R.B. Bennett

abstract: The purpose of this paper is to study R.B. Bennett's style of government from 1930-1935, a period in which Bennett has been labelled the Prime Minister of a "one-man government".  An attempt will be made to assess the validity of this accusation by analyzing the nature of the relationship between R.B. Bennett and several of his cabinet members:  Arthur Meighan, Minister without Portfolio, C.H. Cahan, Secretary of State of Canada, Harry Stevens, Minister of Trade and Commerce, and R.J. Manion, Minister of Railways and Canals.  There has been no attempt to analyze Bennett's relationship with every cabinet colleague.  Stevens, the M.P. who bolted from the Conservative Party in 1935 and R.J. Manion, Bennett's successor to the Conservative leadership receive more detailed attention than Meighen or Cahan in the analysis.  From this study, it is hoped that a meaningful assessment can be made of the charge that Bennett ran a "one-man government". This forms the major theme of the paper.


title: Short-term retention of flexibility in varsity ice hockey players / by Claude Daniel Chevrier. --

subject:
Joints Range of motion.
Hockey players.

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various
stretching exercises on flexibility during competition-specific activities.
A Leighton FI exometer was used to measure flexibility. Testing and
training procedures were controlled. The subjects were 4 Lakehead
University varsity ice hockey players. The research design consisted of
two replications of a 3 x 3 Latin square. The subjects were tested for
flexibility before an ice hockey scrimmage, during the scrimmage; and at
the conclusion of the scrimmage. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and
Duncan Multiple Range Test. Significance was determined at 0.05 level.
Results showed: 1) flexibility training methods (3S and SS) improved
ankle flexibility, 2) flexibility is specific to each joint, 3) flexibility
was greater before and after the scrimmage when compared to during the
scrimmage, 4) there was no difference in flexibility due to training,
and 5) no significant differences between training methods on short-term
flexibility retention.


title: EMG biofeedback application with behaviourally disturbed mentally retarded individuals

subject:
Biofeedback training
Electromyography
People with mental disabilities

abstract:
Biofeedback is the use of instrumentation to provide feedback to a
client about his/her psychophysiological processes. One type of
biofeedback is Electromyographic (EMG) which measures muscular
contraction and relaxation. This thesis examines the use of EMG
feedback as a therapeutic tool in teaching relaxation to seven mentally
retarded individuals from a specialized treatment area for aggressive
and self-injurious clients in a provincially-operated institution.
Experiment 1 examined the feasibility of EMG biofeedback
relaxation training with a 21 year old profoundly retarded male and a
27 year old severely retarded female. An Auto Clinic 2001 (Colbourn
Instruments) biofeedback apparatus was used to monitor EMG activity.
Subjects participated in 10 training sessions for each of the following
three conditions: (a) contingent biofeedback (music) relaxation
training; (b) control on (continuous music); and (c) control off (no
music). The results demonstrated more consistent reductions of EMG
activity across contingent conditions for both subjects. Contingent
biofeedback training also resulted in significantly lower measures for
one subject in comparison to one control condition, and two control
conditions for the other subject.
Experiment 2 examined the possibility of generalizing the effects
of biofeedback training across settings and compared the effects of a
proportional-analog stimulus and discrete stimulus. The three subjects
were a 21 year old mildly retarded male, a 31 year old severely retarded male and a 15 year old mildly retarded male. The same
equipment was used, with modifications that allowed the production of a
proportional-analog stimulus. All subjects were exposed to 25 sessions
consisting of the following four conditions: discrete, variable,
baseline and control. Music was presented to the clients in the
discrete and variable conditions. The results from the final sessions
demonstrated that the discrete condition induced more relaxation in all
subjects than the three other conditions. An analysis of the pre- and
post-training rating scales indicated that 100% of the improvement in
the subjects behaviour occurred in the non-control treatment
conditions.
Experiment 3 investigated the possible advantage of massed
practice EMG biofeedback training with a 26 year old mildly retarded
male and a 42 year old moderately retarded male. Subjects were exposed
to the same conditions as in Experiment 2 for a total of 26 sessions.
Analyses of the one subject's data suggested that both feedback
(treatment) conditions induced more relaxation than the baseline
condition, but not significantly more than the control condition.
Analyses of the other subject's data suggested that the subject only
relaxed during the control condition.
In summary, the results of these experiments demonstrated that EMG
biofeedback is feasible with mentally retarded clients, and that a
descrete condition was the best relaxation technique (Experiment 2). It
was also shown that generalization of biofeedback training across
settings was not detected, and that massed practice may be more conducive to learning to relax, as opposed to randomizing and
inter-mixing several conditions. Several suggestions for future
research were also discussed.


title: Lignin acrylic acid polymer as an emulsifier for oil-water emulsions

contributor:
Pakzad, Leila
Behzadfar, Ehsan
Liao, Baoqiang
Azar, Ehsan Rezazadeh

subject:
Oil-water emulsions
Biobased emulsifiers
Lignin-based emulsifiers
Lignin acrylic acid

abstract:
Oil-water emulsions are applied in various fields such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and agricultural products. Currently, synthetic-based emulsifiers are extensively used
in oil-water emulsions, but the use of synthetic emulsifiers is discouraged due to the adverse environmental impacts related to their production and use. Alternatively, biobased emulsifiers can
serve such a purpose. In this regard, lignin, which is the main component of lignocelluloses materials, can be converted to emulsifiers for oil-water emulsions. In this regard, the production of
lignin-based emulsifiers has not been explored comprehensively. In this thesis, lignin-derived
emulsifiers were experimentally produced via polymerizing lignin and acrylic acid (AA), and its
impacts on emulsions produced by mixing water and three industrially used oil of xylene, cyclohexane, and decane was studied comprehensively using a tensiometer, and Quartz crystal microbalance. [...]


title: Dynamics of single axle rail wheelsets incorporating profiled wheels and rails

subject:
Rolling contact
Creep forces
Wheel-rail interaction
Railway dynamics

abstract: This thesis presents the theories and numerical simulations in regard to the behaviour of a single-axle railway wheelset commonly used in cargo rail cars. Specifically, creep forces, dynamic models, real wheel-rail profiles, and multiple point contact will be investigated.


title: Fitness that fits: evaluating the effectiveness of an individualized, choice-based, matching tool for older adults

subject:
Benefits of exercise
Barriers to exercise
Motivators to exercise
Senior fitness

abstract: Background/Objective: A positive relationship exists between exercise and improved overall health; this is especially important for older adults since they have been identified as the most sedentary segment of the North American population. Communities may provide structured exercise classes for this population, but choosing a class that is appropriate for an individual’s fitness level can be a daunting task. The use of an individualized, choice-based, matching tool for older adults could allow individuals to select exercise classes that are appropriate for their fitness level. Thus, members of Lakehead University research team developed the Fitness That Fits (FTF) tool. Through the FTF tool development 28 exercise classes were evaluated and assigned an FTF level, which represents four different intensity levels. This tool is designed to match older adults with exercise classes based on the results of a functional fitness assessment, the Senior Fitness Test (SFT). With SFT results, participants receive an FTF level similar to the exercise class FTF level. Participants are then able to choose an appropriate class that may pertain to their interest. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of the FTF tool in assessing whether a participant FTF level matched the level assigned to his/her respective exercise class. Second, the purpose of this study was also to gain a better understand of the underlying causes of any mismatches. Method: One male and 59 female participants (55+ years old) were recruited from a representative sample of 18 exercise classes that were previously assessed through the FTF tool development. Participants completed the SFT, and results were analyzed to determine if the participant FTF level matched the FTF level of their self-selected exercise class. Participants also completed a survey to explore whether they believed their exercise class FTF level was appropriately assigned, potential factors for participant FTF level and class FTF level mismatch, and participants’ views on the future applicability of the Fitness that Fits tool. Results: Thirty percent of participants FTF level matched their self-selected exercise class FTF level. Three factors were identified to explain possible mismatched participants: the participant selected a class that was not appropriate to his/her fitness level, the class fitness level may not have been assigned appropriately, or the functional fitness assessment did not assign participants an accurate fitness level. Conclusion: In total, 30% of participants matched their self-selected exercise class FTF level. This study was a preliminary descriptive project that was the first of its kind to use a SFT to determine a composite functional fitness score. It was also the first to assign exercise class intensity levels based on functional fitness. The majority of participants indicated that the Fitness that Fits tool may be especially useful to help beginners to select a suitable exercise class, highlighting an area for future research.


title: In the eye of the beholder : an investigation of insider perspectives on the concept of successful aging

contributor:
Stone, Sharon Dale
Nelsen, Randle
Wakewich, Pamela

subject:
Aging (Psychological aspects)
Aging (Social aspects)
Gerontology

abstract:
This research study is an exploration regarding the concept of successful aging and what
it means to older individuals whose voices have commonly been disregarded in research o f this
nature. Data were collected from a sample of ten individuals ranging in age from sixty-six to
ninety-five years old. With the goal of including the perceptions of those who have been
excluded from previous research, the participants comprising the sample all resided in a long
term care facility in northwestern Ontario, and all had a low socioeconomic status.
In-depth interviews, following a semi-structured interview guide were conducted with
each participant in order to gain their views concerning the concept. Each interview was tape-recorded
and later fully transcribed. The data gathered was analyzed following an interpretive
approach, and was reduced through a series of thematic coding.
This research study contributes to the understanding that there is much to be learned from
listening to those with lived experience. The findings indicate that according to the accounts of
those interviewed, successful aging involves several components which are extremely
interconnected. Specifically, the highly interrelated core themes to emerge were: having a sense
of personal happiness; mental stimulation; acceptance; and adjustment. Participants also
uncovered various facilitating factors which were felt to aid in contributing to the core themes
identified, and in turn, to successful aging. In addition to the findings that emerged thematically
from the data, an important element regarding the concept surfaced. Ultimately, the significance
of personal perspectives was revealed as it was highlighted that successful aging is a personal
matter which resides within each individual, and therefore can only ever be subjectively defined.


title: Characterizing the flow regime in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) incubation habitats and the implications for management in a hydro-regulated river

contributor:
McLaren, Brian
Rennie, Michael
Mackereth, Rob

subject: Brook Trout spawning redds

subject: Hydroelectric development

subject: Threats of flow regulation to Brook Trout spawning & incubation

abstract:
Hydropower accounts for more than one third of Ontario Power Generation’s electrical production. Hydroelectric development often occurs on rivers that also support recreational fisheries. The construction and operation of dams, diversions and generating facilities unavoidably influence the ecological function of rivers. The Aguasabon River is a northern Canadian Shield river with major developments for water diversion, storage, and power generation. This river offers opportunity to examine the importance of vertical flows through the substrate at a Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) spawning area. The vertical and horizontal hydraulic gradients and subsequent water temperature changes are the subject of this study. Piezometers were used to monitor the river and subsurface water levels near Brook Trout redds during the spawning and incubation period under normal and increasing discharge conditions. The Brook Trout spawning area in the Aguasabon River experienced upwelling conditions for the entire monitoring period (Oct 28th, 2016 – Jan 13th, 2017) before water release at the Long Lake Control Dam (LLCD). Hyporheic temperatures declined gradually, remaining >3.7 °C. The river temperature in the winter before water release was 1.5 °C. Rapid increase in water level after discharge from above the LLCD resulted in the reversal of flow in the hyporheic zone. Negatives values of vertical and horizontal gradients occurred for up to 30 h between surface water and hyporheic water up to 1.8 m below the river substrate. The water temperature in all piezometers decreased in unison with water release. Shallow inshore piezometers showed the greatest change, ˃53 h at <1 °C, compared to both shallow and deep offshore piezometers, which never fell <1 °C.
A controlled experiment was used to monitor time to hatching, larval emergence and survival of Brook Trout in a lab setting. Historical data show redd temperature during the Brook Trout incubation period (October-April) on the Aguasabon River was maximal after a 2013 discharge, which lowered the water temperature of Brook Trout redds to 0.3 °C, a drop of 5.3 °C. Recovery to pre-discharge temperatures took 72 h, after 40 h at ˂1°C. This worst-case cold treatment was selected for an experiment at the Dorion Fish Culture Station, Ontario. The treatment had no effect on survival of incubating Brook Trout eggs (n = 1020) compared to control (n = 1020). Survival from fertilization to hatching was high for both treatment and control replicates (>90%), but was considerably lower for fertilization to emergence (55%). The cold treatment did not decrease development time from fertilization to larval emergence. The hatchery study implies that the redd temperature change experienced on the Aguasabon River in 2013 neither decreased the survival nor delayed hatching and emergence of Brook Trout. An overall recommendation is that a staged discharge at the LLCD would lessen the reversal of flow in the hyporheic zone and the magnitude of temperature changes monitored at Brook Trout redds during 2013 and 2017.


title: Mercury evolution and impacts of two hydrological dam - Three Gorges Dam and La Grande Dam

subject:
Chinese sturgeon
Mercury level
Migratory fishes
Hydrological dam

abstract:
Hydrological dam are widely used to generate electricity. At present,
hydrological power is deemed be clean energy, because it does not have greenhouse
gas emission. However, many reports and researches show that hydrological dam has
negative impacts on water and creatures. This paper discusses the negative impacts of
Three Gorges Dam and La Grande Complex for changes of mercury level. The Three
Gorges Hydrological Dam is the largest hydrological dam in the world that located at
Yangzi River in China, but after building the dam, the mercury level is increasing
rapidly; the number of fishes that live in the Yangtze River is decreasing and the
water quality is also decreasing. Similarly, in Canada, the La Grande Hydroelectric
Complex also has the same negative impacts as the Three Gorges Hydrological Dam.


title: The effect of facial protection, impact location, and neckform stiffness on peak linear acceleration, risk of injury, and energy loading measures of horizontal impacts on a hockey helmet

contributor:
Zerpa, Carlos
Przysucha, Eryk
Sanzo, Paolo

subject: Brain injuries & concussions in hockey

subject: Hockey helmets & current testing procedures

abstract: Helmets were originally designed and implemented to protect players from skull fractures and traumatic brain injuries by minimizing linear impact accelerations. The sport of hockey, however, has evolved, and now includes faster, larger, and stronger players. As a result, mild traumatic brain injuries or concussions have become more associated with the sport. Some solutions have been proposed to minimize concussions on hockey players by attaching facial shielding to helmets and increasing the neck strength of players, but these solutions have not been extensively explored in the research. Based on these concerns, the first purpose of this study was to assess the durability of a hockey helmet when exposed to multiple impact testing protocols. The second purpose was to investigate the influence of facial shielding and helmet location on the stiffness of a hockey helmet. The third purpose was to examine the influence of impact location, type of facial protection, and neck stiffness on peak linear acceleration, severity index, and the energy loading properties of hockey helmets during dynamic horizontal impacts. For the first purpose of the study, the analysis revealed that attenuation properties of the helmet were not compromised at either location after 200 impacts were administered. This aided in the determination of a threshold impact count to replace the helmet during dynamic testing. For the second purpose, the analysis revealed that adding facial shielding to a hockey helmet increases its stiffness properties. Additionally, this analysis revealed that the stiffness of the helmet varies according to helmet location. For the third purpose, the analyses revealed statistically significant three-way interactions between facial shielding, impact location, and neckform stiffness on measures of peak linear acceleration, (see document). Two-way interactions at each level of neckform stiffness were examined for each of the three dependent variables to help explain the three-way interactions and the results of the analysis revealed statistically significant two way interactions and subsequent simple main effects for impact location and facial shielding. The findings of this work add to previous literature concerning helmeted headform impact testing by examining the role that facial shielding plays in combination with neck strength and impact location in brain injury prevention for the sport of hockey. Finally, the outcome of this study adds to the current understanding of injury mechanisms in the sport of hockey, and have practical applications for helmet designs and manufacturers, standards organizations, coaches and hockey players.


title: On-line optimization of thermomechanical pulping rejects screen using modified sequential simplex method

subject: Mechanical pulping process (Computer simulation)

subject: Sequential simplex method

subject: Equilateral Optimum Following Simplex

abstract:
The sequential simplex method (SSM) was blended with the Nelder and Mead method to create
two separate simplex methods. The first method is the Equilateral Optimum Following Simplex (EOFS). In
this method, the simplex remains equilateral during all steps and changes in size. The other method created
in this project is the Non-equilateral Optimum Following Simplex (NOFS). This method is more like the
Nelder and Mead method because it has the ability to change its shape when expanding or reducing its size.
Both of the methods differ from their predecessor because they are being applied to a system with a moving
optimum. Neither the SSM or the Nelder and Mead method have the ability to recognize movement in the
location of the optimum. Both methods are excellent at searching for a static optimum, but are incapable of
searching for a moving optimum. If either of the SSM or Nelder and Mead methods began to cycle around
a single point they would fail to recognize if the optimum moved outside of the current simplex circular
area. Both of the methods would continue to focus on the current best point. The best point must be
periodically re-evaluated to ensure it isn’t out-dated. When the simplex is ready to contract in both the
EOFS and NOFS methods, instead of replacing the worst point, the best point is replaced. This does slow
the immediate progress of the simplex, but ensures the long-term success in searching out a moving
optimum.
Once the simplex methods had been refined on paper, testing each of them in a computer
simulation against three types of disturbances was important in determining their potential in an industrial
setting. Each simplex method was tested against feed flow, feed fibre distribution and feed consistency
disturbances. Computer simulations were run after creating a model of the pressure screen using
experimental data obtained from a refined rejects pressure screen at the Thunder Bay, Ontario mill owned
by Bowater Inc. Samples were obtained at a variety of operating conditions and analyzed using the Kajaani
Fibre Lab to create fibre distributions. These distributions were used to create the model of the screen and
the fibre distribution of the feed stream to the screen.
The NOFS simplex method performed well when using two different types of performance
equations. One equation was based on achieving maximum fibre separation in the screen, while the other
was based on obtaining a target fibre distribution.
The NOFS method proved to be the most effective method because of its ability to accelerate
towards the optimum by changing shape. In some simulations noise was added to determine its effect.
Noise caused poor results, but further modifications to the simplex methods would probably solve this
problem in future studies.