title: Those Left Behind: Heidegger on Grief and Mourning

contributor:
Allen, Barry
Sassen, Brigette
Gedge, Elisabeth
Philosophy

subject:
Heidegger
death
grief
mourning
children
Continental Philosophy
Continental Philosophy

abstract:
In Being and Time Martin Heidegger explores the role that death plays in our lives and consequently the impact that the death of others has on the lives of those around them. Since Heidegger understands our existence to be structured by our being toward death and our being in the world with others, the impact of death on society will inevitably play a significant role.

In this thesis I investigate the disconnect that exists between the traditional literature on death and mourning as developed by theorists like Elizabeth Kubler-Ross and others and the experiences of mourners themselves. I argue that the disconnect that exists points to and deep seated confusion about the death of the self and the death of others

I identify some of the striking commonalities in the experiences of mourners and the lack of recognition of these experiences in the traditional literature. I also examine the role of traditional mourning practices and the impact they have on the mourners experience.

I maintain that collectively we are profoundly confused about how to deal with the deaths of others, and the lack of modern western mourning practices is evidence of this. However, I believe that individually, we have some understanding of how to approach the death of another, and that this becomes evident when we are forced to experience this loss. I argue that a Heideggerian understanding of death and mourning more accurately represents the experience of the death of others and, if endorsed, would allow for a more personal experience of mourning because of Heidegger’s unique understanding of the role death plays in our lives and the significance of other people in our lives.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Late Quaternary Events on the Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland with reference to the Islands of St. Pierre et Miquelon (France)

contributor:
McCann, S.B.
Ford, D.C.
Middleton, G.V.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
A revised and extended chronology of late Quaternary events on the southeastern coast of Newfoundland indicates that the oldest deposits are pre-Wisconsinan, that mid-Wisconsinan ice was limited, and that the late-Wisconsinan ice margin was near the mainland of Newfoundland. Evidence is derived from morphogenetic mapping of surficial deposits, and studies of infrequent multiple-till sections, raised glaciomarine features, periglacial forms and weathering phenomena.

Trace element and stratigraphic analyses suggest that the oldest till units may be Illinoian. A continuous Sangamonian bench at 4 m a.s.l. exists along both coasts of the peninsula. Early-Wisconsinan ice flow was from the island of Newfoundland to the southeast, across the Burin Peninsula and St. Pierre et Miquelon. Marine deposits on the Burin at Dantzic Cove and Salmonier Pond, and Petit Barachois, Langlade (Miquelon) contain foraminifera of proposed, mid-Wisconsinan age. The marine units on the Burin Peninsula are underlain by a silty till and and overlain by a sandy till. On Langlade, they are underlain by glaciomarine unit and capped by aeolian sands. Marine overlap during the mid-Wisconsinan is further indicated by 20 m a.s.l. raised benches on the Burin Peninsula, and a continuous wash limit at approximately the same elevation on St. Pierre et Miquelon.

Onshore-directed striae with sequentially weathered facets, and marine sands incorporated in till, indicate that a later ice movement (late, mid-Wisconsinan?) was from a shelf-centred cap on the south coast of the peninsula, and from ice domed to the northeast on the Placentia Bay coast. A late-Wisconsinan, glacial limit, marked by eskers and general ice stagnation terrain, occurs between Terrenceville and Swift Current. The associated marine limit has been recorded at 18 m a.s.l. in upper Fortune Bay and 11 m a.s.l. at the head of Placentia Bay.

In situ wood found below high tide at Little St. Lawrence (1080 ± 50 B.P.), and peat covered by marine deposits, located near Point May (5360 ± 70 B.P.), show that the lower portion of the peninsula is submergent, partly as a result of forebulge collapse related to the late-Wisconsinan ice limit. Permafrost activity, following deglaciation, is indicated by the presence of fossil ice wedge casts situated in stratified deposits related to this events.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Three Essays On the Economics of Health Human Capital and Health Care

contributor:
Hurley, Jeremiah
Contoyannis, Paul
Racine, Jeffery
Economics

subject:
child health development
health dynamics
contextual effect
pay-for-performance
physician behaviour
Health Economics
Health Economics

abstract:
This thesis focuses on two important areas of health economics: health dynamics during pre-adulthood, and physician behaviour. The first two essays seek to explore the important factors that determine the health production process during the period of pre-adulthood. The third chapter then turns the focus to physician labour and service provision behaviours.

The first chapter examines the impact of family social economic status (SES) and neighbourhood environment on the dynamics of child physical health development. It examines the distribution of health outcomes and health transitions and explores the determinants of these distributions by estimating the contributions of family SES, neighbourhood status, unobserved heterogeneity and pure state dependence.

The second chapter extends the research on health development in pre-adulthood by examining the roles of family SES, early childhood life-events, unobserved heterogeneity and pure state dependence in explaining the distribution of depression among adolescents and young adults. It also explicitly models the depression dynamics and quantifies both the mobility and persistence of this type of mental health problem from adolescence to early adulthood.

The third chapter examines whether and how pay-for-performance (P4P) payments can motivate physician service provision to improve the quality of health care. It exploits a natural experiment in the province of Ontario, Canada to identify empirically the impact of P4P incentives on the provision of targeted primary care services, and whether physicians’ responses differ by age, practice size and baseline compliance level.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Contributions to estimation and interpretation of intervention effects and heterogeneity in meta-analysis

contributor:
Thabane, Lehana
Devereaux, Philip James
Guyatt, Gordon
Health Research Methodology

subject:
meta-analysis
heterogeneity
precision
estimation
Applied Statistics
Clinical Epidemiology
Statistical Methodology
Applied Statistics

abstract:
Background and objectives

Despite great statistical advances in meta-analysis methodology, most published meta-analyses make use of out-dated statistical methods and authors are unaware of the shortcomings associated with the widely employed methods. There is a need for statistical contributions to meta-analysis where: 1) improvements to current statistical practice in meta-analysis are conveyed at the level that most systematic review authors will be able to understand; and where: 2) current statistical methods that are widely applied in meta-analytic practice undergo thorough testing and examination. The objective of this thesis is to address some of this demand.

Methods

Four studies were conducted that would each meet one or both of the objectives. Simulation was used to explore the number of patients and events required to limit the risk of overestimation of intervention effects to ‘acceptable’ levels. Empirical assessment was used to explore the performance of the popular measure of heterogeneity, I2, and its associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as evidence accumulates. Empirical assessment was also used to compare inferential agreement between the widely used DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model and four alternative models. Lastly, a narrative review was undertaken to identify and appraise available methods for combining health related quality of life (HRQL) outcomes.

Results and conclusion

The information required to limit the risk of overestimation of intervention effects is typically close to what is known as the optimal information size (OIS, i.e., the required meta-analysis sample size). I2 estimates fluctuate considerably in meta-analyses with less than 15 trials and 500 events; their 95% confidence intervals provide desired coverage. The choice of random-effects has ignorable impact on the inferences about the intervention effect, but not on inferences about the degree of heterogeneity. Many approaches are available for pooling HRQL outcomes. Recommendations are provided to enhance interpretability. Overall, each manuscript met at least one thesis objective.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: REVISED STRATEGY OF SYNCOPE DIAGNOSIS IN THE EMERGENCY ROOM AT THE GENERAL HOSPITAL (RESASTER): A CLUSTER RANDOMIZED TRIAL

contributor:
Thabane, Lehana
Morillo, Carlos
Smieja, Marek
Health Research Methodology

subject:
Syncope
Emergency Department
Risk Stratification
Cluster Randomized Trial
Cardiology
Cardiology
Diagnosis
Emergency Medicine
Cardiology

abstract:
Background: Syncope is estimated to account for 1% to 3% of emergency department (ED) annual visits in North America. Although most potential causes of syncope are benign and self-limited, others are associated with serious morbidity and substantial mortality. Recent efforts have focused on prospective identification of ED patients with syncope who are at high risk for early serious adverse outcomes in an attempt to hospitalize them at their first visit to the ED.

Objective: The purpose of this thesis is to describe the methodological issues related to the design of a study to determine whether the Revised Strategy of Syncope Diagnosis in the Emergency Room at the General Hospital Structured Care Pathway (RESASTER-SCP) is superior to usual care in identifying patients at low risk for serious adverse outcomes presenting to the ED who can be safely discharged home.

Design and Methods: A cluster randomized trial will be conducted with EDs (16 teaching and 46 non-teaching general hospitals) as the unit of randomization and patients presenting with syncope (TLOC) as the unit of analysis. Study participants will be followed at 1, 3, 5, and 12 months after the intervention (RESASTER-SCP vs. usual care) has been applied in the ED. Intention to treat analysis will be used. The analysis will be conducted at the individual level using proportions. Alpha level will be set at 0.05 with a power of 0.80 for the primary outcome.

Conclusion: This thesis describes some of the methodological issues concerning the design of a cluster randomized trial to determine whether or not RESASTER-SCP is superior to usual care in identifying patients presenting with syncope to the ED who can be safely discharged home.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Development of a Silicon Photomultiplier Based Gamma Camera

contributor:
Farncombe, Troy H
Soo Hyun Byun, Nicholas Bock
Soo Hyun Byun, Nicholas Bock
Medical Physics

subject:
silicon photomultipliers
semiconductor detectors
SPECT/MR
dual-modality imaging
Biomedical devices and instrumentation
Biomedical devices and instrumentation

abstract:
Dual modality imaging systems such as SPECT/CT have become commonplace in medical imaging as it aids in diagnosing diseases by combining anatomical images with functional images. We are interested in developing a dual modality imaging system combining SPECT and MR imaging because MR does not require any ionizing radiation to image anatomical structures and it is known to have superior soft tissue contrast to CT. However, one of the fundamental challenges in developing a SPECT/MR system is that traditional gamma cameras with photomultiplier tubes are not compatible within magnetic fields. New development in solid state detectors has led to the silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), which is insensitive to magnetic fields.

We have developed a small area gamma camera with a tileable 4x4 array of SiPM pixels coupled with a CsI(Tl) scintillation crystal. A number of simulated gamma camera geometries were performed using both pixelated and monolithic scintillation crystals. Several event positioning algorithms were also investigated as an alternative to conventional Anger logic positioning. Simulations have shown that we can adequately resolve intrinsic spatial resolution down to 1mm, even in the presence of noise. Based on the results of these simulations, we have built a prototype SiPM system comprised of 16 detection channels coupled to discrete crystals. A charge sensitive preamplifier, pulse height detection circuit and a digital acquisition system make up our pulse processing components in our gamma camera system. With this system, we can adequately distinguish each crystal element in the array and have obtained an energy resolution of 30±1 (FWHM) with Tc-99m (140keV). In the presence of a magnetic field, we have seen no spatial distortion of the resultant image and have obtained an energy resolution of 31±3.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Strategizing Beyond the State: The Global Environmental Movement and Corporate Actors

contributor:
O`Brien, Robert
Political Science

subject:
civil society
global governance
electronic waste
genetically modified organisms
corporate actors
corporate campaigns
International Relations
International Relations

abstract: Due to the political, economic, and technological changes brought on by the processes of globalization, since the mid-1990s, civil society groups have increasingly chosen to target corporate actors. This thesis focuses on the circumstances under which civil society groups have chosen to target corporate actors in addition to and instead of states. How corporate actors respond to activist demands and the factors that shape how they approach corporate social responsibility and the environment are also examined. This thesis uses a political economic opportunity structure approach to understand the relationship between civil society groups and corporate actors. While activist networks are increasingly targeting corporate actors, they also continue to target the state to achieve their objectives. This two prong strategy has been effective for activist networks because it allows them to take advantage of weaknesses found in both political and industry opportunity structures. However, while the impact of activist networks is shaped by the structural environment in which they operate, activist networks also create new opportunities through the strategic use of frames and tactics to draw attention to and create support for the issues with which they are concerned. Two case studies involving the global environmental movement and corporate actors are examined in this thesis. The first case study focuses on a global network of activists opposed to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the network’s interactions with states and a variety of corporations in their campaign to prevent the introduction of GMOs into the environment. The second case study examines the activities of a network of activists concerned about the environmental impacts of electronic waste (the e-waste network). The e-waste network sought to ensure the proper disposal of electronic waste and increase the sustainability of the electronics industry through the targeting of states and corporations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Government Responses to the Threat of Terrorism in the Liberal Democratic State: A Comparative Examination of Public Policy Efforts in the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy and the Federal Republic of Germany

contributor:
Chandler, William
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: Why have some governments been more successful than others in responding to the threat of domestic terrorism within their states? This thesis seeks to analyze the conditions of effective response to the threat of terrorism in the liberal democratic state. The working assumption of this thesis is that the type of terrorist phenomenon shapes the appropriate policy response. Each terrorist act requires a unique response determined by the particulars of the situation. Since some of the potential responses to terrorism pose an equal, if not greater, threat to democratic freedoms than does terrorism itself, a balanced response to terrorist activity is necessary. It is the right dose of flexible tolerance which will safeguard the liberal democratic balance between the rights of the individual and the security of the whole community. This thesis will provide a comprehensive analysis of the more widespread and potentially destabilizing nationalist terrorism - using the case studies of the Irish Republican Army and Spain's Euzkadi ta Askatasuna; and the threat of revolutionary terrorism - using the case studies of Italy's Red Brigades and the Federal Republic of Germany's Red Army Faction. This thesis will look at the full range of policy options that may be open to governments in responding to terrorism: anti-terrorist legislation; intelligence; military/police/security cooperation; and media management. Governments, understandably, do not release the full details of their counter-terrorism procedures. Recent data references are difficult to find. It is for these reasons that the time frame of this thesis will be restricted primarily to the period between the mid-1960s to the early 1980s.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: CONTROLLING THE NARRATOR The Influence Of Scriptwriting On F. Scott Fitzgerald's Narrative Technique

abstract: This thesis deals with F. Scott Fitzgerald's handling of point of view and narrative technique in his novels. The true area of focus is the influence of his script-writing experiences (both for theater and for cinema) on his novels, from the early This Side Of Paradise to his final, incomplete work, The Last Tycoon. The thesis hopes to show a progression in Fitzgerald's career as he first learned to control his narrative voice, then learned to manipulate it for strategic effect. His work on the play, The Vegetable, for example, seems to have had a great deal of influence upon the writing of The Great Gatsby, the first novel in which Fitzgerald shows the ability and willingness to control his narrator. Tender Is The Night turns out to be the problem novel in Fitzgerald's ouevre in that it contains both the faults of his first two novels as well as some of the promise of Gatsby and The Last Tycoon in the area of narrative control. Tycoon, moreover, would likely have surpassed Gatsby in its control and strategic manipulation of narrative voice had it been completed. The thesis uses the work of Peter J. Rabinowitz as its jumping off point but the approach is generally close readings of the texts rather than a specific theoretical bent. Because of its status as the "problem text", most time is spent on an analysis of the narrative technique of Tender. Tycoon, meanwhile, deserves some attention, however speculative that attention must be, as the possible culmination of Fitzgerald's career, his showcase for the progress he has made as a novelist. Brief analyses of several of Fitzgerald's film scripts, as well as The Vegetable, are also included.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Systematic Process for Interpreting PeerReviewed Literatures on Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs): "Questions on Effectiveness"

contributor:
Willms, D.G.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This thesis addresses the question, "What makes for an effective Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO)?" It does this through a systematic, meta-analysis of peer-reviewed NGO related literatures. This is an evidence-driven approach, whereby the literature acted both as a databank and as informant. The thesis also contains a different methodology for the review of the literature and a portion of the thesis has been devoted to its description. To systematically examine the literature, I developed a methodology that applied an inductive approach to a process involving both data triangulation and an iterative reduction of the data into a series of questions on NGO effectiveness. After applying the methodology to the peer-reviewed literature, seventeen categories and 343 questions emerged which were reduced into a more manageable number of ten categories and 57 questions. These questions were then applied to the data to produce a profile of an effective NGO termed 'Adaptive-Visionary'. This is a my concept of an NGO capable of great flexibility in adapting to circumstance yet capable of maintaining a clear focus on particular development challenges.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Continuous Lattices and Convexity Theory

contributor:
Banaschewski, Bernhard
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
This thesis deals with continuous lattices and convexity theory in the following original topics. 1) augmented compact spaces. 2) compact star structures. 3) star lattices. 4) convex continuous lattices.

These topics produce plentiful situations where continuous lattices arise from studies of various convexity theories. Conversely, it is shown how the lattices recapture the original theory when they are equipped with the appropriate structure.

The theory of augmented compact spaces provides a framework for the succeeding developments. It encompasses not only constructions from convexity theory but also topology and topological algebra.

The theories are enriched by numerous examples.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Hemingway I s Creativity: A Process of Recuperative Writing

contributor:
Brink, Andrew
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: This thesis examines the writings of Ernest Hemingway (fiction and non-fiction) for the purpose of investigating what effect his creativity had on his life. To discover the latter, one must also discover what elements motivated Hemingway's creativity, and how those elements appear, in turn, as metaphorical images and symbols in his works. The forces motivating Hemingway to write are explored through an analysis of his life in the context of psychodynamic theory of object-relations. This life analysis from a psychodynamic standpoint is called 'psychobiography'. Through the psychobiography, Hemingway 's emotional losses surface and we discover that, for the most Part, frustrated parental attachment gives rise to a split-ego condition in Hemingway that he tries to unite. This thesis concludes that Hemingway's creativity is a process of recuperative writing, restoring a sense of self-worth and wholeness into an enormously talented but emotionally split human being. As a study in Humanities, this thesis attempts to explain that by understanding the forces motivating this skilled writer, we can have greater understanding of other artists and of our fellow human beings, in general. This thesis hopes to inspire appreciation for artists and not only the genius, but also the genesis, of their creativity.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Trajets Migratoires Pendulaires Centre-Est Europeens vers la France. Le Cas Roumain (1989-1999)

contributor:
Bayard, Caroline
French

subject: French and Francophone Language and Literature

abstract: Je tiens a remercier Dr. Caroline Bayard et Dr. Suzanne Crosta pour leur patience et leurs encouragements constants pendant toute la periode de redaction de cette these. Mes remerciements aussi au Dr. Dominique Lepicq pour son interet dans mon travail. Je voudrais remercier egalement Dr. Micheline de Seve dont les irremplagables commentaires ont perm is d'approfondir mon analyse. J'aimerais exprimer ma gratitude a tous ceux qui ont rendu possible mon arrivee au Canada, surtout ames amis italiens, Sergio et Enrica et mes amis frangais, Marinette et Edgard, et finalement a la Fondation Soros. Je suis reconnaissante ames amis, Dorotea et Sam, pour leur soutien moral tout au long de mon travail de redaction. Je dedie cette etude a mes parents, Sanda et Viorel.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Discourse Ethics and Free Speech Jurisprudence

contributor:
Waluchow, W.J.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This thesis is an essay in normative jurisprudence. As such, it shares many of the concerns of moral and political philosophy. My approach to law is not a 'descriptive' endeavour, as is typical of the approach taken by legal positivists. Following Professor John Finnis, my aim is to "assist the practical reflections of those concerned to act, whether as judges, or as statesman, or as citizens". The natural law tradition is concerned primarily with the moral obligation aspect of law. That is, law in the 'binding of conscience' sense. Thus, a theme that dominates most natural law theories is reason. Rationality is a criterion for law ( 'law' in this sense). I argue that laws ought to be moral. This means that I must determine what is 'moral'. To accomplish this, I tum to the pragmatics of conversation (Jurgen Habermas). The practice of discourse has, by its very nature, a moral element. Or, to put it another way, discourse embraces a 'rationality'. This 'rationality' can shed light on what is 'moral'. If I had to summarise my argument in one sentence it would be as follows: one can infer rules for some just laws from the rules of discourse. One of the primary goals of this paper is to refute 'ethical relativism' or 'subjectivism'. Some human rights, I argue, are not the mere personal preference of Western liberal democracies, but are the implicit presuppositions of discourse. In attempting to show that a theory of natural law can find answers to difficult questions, I try to show that the ethics of discourse can guide us in considering the issue of freedom of expression. Should hate speech and pornography be censored? In assessing what the "common good" of a human community is, I argue that Canada's anti-hate speech legislation and anti-obscenity laws could undermine the democratic commitment.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Diplomacy, Canadian-American Relations and the Issue of Acid Rain

contributor:
Nossal, Kim Richard
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: Diplomacy has been an important component in international relations since the earliest of civilizations. As societies evolved, so did diplomacy. In the context of the relationship between Canada and the United States the issue of acid rain resulted in some unusual diplomatic tactics being employed by Canada. This thesis seeks to review the degree of this unusual behaviour and determine whether it is an indication of a shift in the nature of diplomacy in the Canadian-American relationship, or an isolated incident, not likely to be repeated.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Cleft from the Main: The Problem of Identity for the Women Writers in Margaret Laurence's The Diviners and Audrey Thomas' Intertidal Life.

contributor:
Coldwell, J.
English

abstract: This thesis deals with the problem of identity for the protagonists, Morag and Alice, in Margaret Laurence's The Diviners and Audrey Thomas' Intertidal Life. Both women are writers searching for a self underneath the patriarchal fictions of womanhood. The notion of an essential self, Morag and Alice realize, is itself another fiction. What Morag and Alice discover in their self-reflective writings is only what they have been constituted as within the various discursive fields in which they participate. The self, these women come to recognize, is not an essence but rather a site at which various discourses converge and compete for sovereignty of the individual. In most cases, certain discourses, inconsistent though they may be, achieve dominance over other discourses and consequently over the subject, creating the illusion of a unified and coherent subjectivity. In the case of women writers, however, two contradictory discursive fields or ideologies are continually vying for mastery of the subject, each with considerable success. As women, Morag and Alice are inscribed within the field of traditional feminine discourses of submission and self-effacement, and as writers they are interpellated within liberal humanist discourses of gender equality. These two subject positions, woman and writer, are contradictory and thus conflict with one another. In attempting to unify their heterogeneous experiences of subjectivity, Morag and Alice recognize not only the impossibility of such a task, but also the arbitrary, conventional and ideologically-motivated nature of all discourse, which is to say of language and therefore of subjectivity itself. Having discovered this fact, Morag and Alice are then able to wrestle with language and unsettle the systems of symbols, analogies and metaphors constitutive of the dominant discourses and ideologies which have created a notion of woman which has validated her oppressed status.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Out of Touch: A study of the literary relationship between the work of D.H. Lawrence and Tennessee Wlilliams

contributor:
Ross, M.L.
English

abstract: The work of D.H. Lawrence had an admitted influence on the work of Tennessee Williams. This thesis explores the implications of the relationship existing between these two literary figures. An emphasis has been placed on those works of Williams admitting of the direct influence of Lawrence. By way of conclusion a whole chapter has been devoted to Orpheus Descending and its ur-version Battle of Angels; these works, considered together, are particularly illuminating in their treatment of Williams' major thematic preoccupations. The central argument of the thesis is concerned with Tennessee Williams' theological determinism. This determinism is at odds with Lawrence's perception of the same notion. The tension between the theological orientation of the two writers causes Williams to interpret Lawrence in a characteristic manner. An examination of the way in which Williams characteristically incorporates Lawrencean elements in his work provides a model for exploration of the thematic content of his whole canon.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Exilstrukturen in deutsch- und austrokanadischer Nachkriegsliteratur. Walter Bauer. Carl Weiselberger. Henry Kreisel.

contributor:
Teuscher, Gerhart
German

subject:
German Language and Literature
German Language and Literature

abstract: This thesis presents the attempt to make visible, in a representative section of the literature of German speaking immigrants, the reflection of Canadian and European reality as experienced from the temporal and spatial distance to the horror of facsism, in Canada as exile and sanctuary. The cultural and historical experiences underlying the interpreted texts are very complex, both on the individual and collective level. Henry Kreisel and Carl Weiselberger who, as Austrian Jews, had to flee from Vienna after the national-socialist annexation of Austria in 1938 were interned as enemy aliens in England in 1940 and deported to Canada where they, after some months in internment camps, became Canadian citizens; Kreisel became much involved with the postwar development of Canadian literature and criticism. Walter Bauer, a successful writer of socially critical fiction in Germany before 1933, and of non-committal books during Hitler's rule, hoped to contribute to a new, just society with his writings after the war. His memories of the German Nazi past and the war kept haunting him as a postwar immigrant in Canada.The "exile structures" found in the fiction of these three Canadian ethnic writers correspond thematically to their individual experience of exile, interpreted under three main aspects: 1. The experience of being cast out and disconnected from the past leads to an understanding of our part in the political reality, and-of the continuity of history. 2. The existential experience of the no one's land communicates the need to assert oneself against the nothingness of oppression, destruction, anonymity. 3. The experience of living with two languages evokes the attempt to better understand both the old and the new culture, and to search for an own, synthetized cultural identity. - The interpreted literature, like any minority literature, shows elements of a self-liberating motivation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Writing the Female Body in Three Canadian Women's Novels

contributor:
York, L. M.
English

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
The emphasis which French feminism has placed on the forces in the female body and woman's bodily experience has generated much curiosity as well as controversy in North America. American feminists have tended, until recently, to employ a style of reasoning which follows the Anglo-American empirical, inductive, anti-speculative tradition. It has only been within the last few years that their suspicions of theories and theorizing have been laid to rest. American feminists are becoming increasingly open to theory, to philosophical, psychoanalytic, and Marxist critiques of a patriarchal way of seeing the world.

It would seem only natural, then, to apply French feminist theory and its interest in the female body to a developing pattern in Canadian fiction. Many Canadian women novelists, particularly Margaret Laurence, Margaret Atwood and Marian Engel, have been writing novels about women and their responses to their female bodies. In The Stone Angel, Margaret Laurence presents the experience of a woman in an ageing body. Marian Engel's The Honeyman Festival describes the experience of a woman who feels imprisoned by her pregnant body and Magaret Atwood's Bodily Harm deals with the response of a woman to her diseased body. Ultimately, the female protagonists of these novels all feel betrayed and trapped and must struggle to reconcile the conflict between body and spirit. French feminist theory, offers certain psychoanalytic perspectives on the circumstances of the protagonist's past and present which add insight and understanding to each woman's conflict and her struggles for resolution.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Allegory in the Major Fiction of Frank Norris

contributor:
Adamson, J.
English

abstract: Frank Norris is generally recognised by critics as American literature's first naturalist. But there is enough evidence in Norris' writing -- primarily the extensive use of allegory and allegorical symbolism -- to suggest another interpretation of his work. Norris seems to be much more in tune with the romantic literary heritage of America than he is with the Zolaesque naturalism he imported from France. Through a study of these allegorical tendencies in the major fiction of Frank Norris, the reader discovers the strong links that Norris has with his literary heritage and finds him to be as much an allegorist as a naturalist.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE OBSERVER IN CANADIAN RETELLINGS OF THE GREAT WAR

contributor:
Bishop, Alan
English

abstract: In recent years, many authors have written fictional recreations or retellings of the First World War. It is a subject that has generated a great deal of interest and inspired texts by a variety of British and Canadian authors, such as Pat Barker, Sebastian Faulks, Timothy Findley, R.H. Thomson and Jane Urquhart. In this thesis, I consider some of the narrative techniques employed in three Canadian retellings, particularly ways in which authors who do not have the "benefit' of lived experience establish their authority. The main focus of this thesis is a figure I am referring to as the Observer -- a character who is distanced (like the authors) by time and, in some cases, gender, but who embarks on a quest to know or recreate the lived war experience. Observer figures in The Wars (1977), The Lost Boys (2001) and The Stone Carvers (2001) illustrate how a journey into the past raises questions about how we know and remember the war, particularly in terms of the way combatant writing and official memorializing of the war have influenced later generations' perceptions of it Because each of these works incorporates, in some form or another, the research process, these authors draw attention to the difficulty of not only knowing or defining the past, but also of constructing it as a narrative. The Observers' journeys end, not with a satisfying of their desire to know, but rather with a denial of that possibility. They move beyond this, however, and instead learn the importance of honouring the past and integrating its lessons into the present. Their journeys are ultimately journeys of self-discovery, and all the Observers gain, by the end of their quests, a greater appreciation of life itself.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: MODELING AND DESIGN OF MODIFIED FABRY-PEROT SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS

contributor:
Huang, Wei-Ping
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
semiconductor lasers
Electromagnetics and photonics
Electromagnetics and photonics

abstract:
New types of laser using the basic structure of FP cavity are designed and modeled, to achieve high SMSR single-mode lasing that can be immune to high level of optical feedbacks for optical network communication applications.

The work includes design of asymmetric Bragg reflection waveguide laser that employs wavelength selective Bragg reflectors as the claddings to confine and filter desired FP longitudinal modes for amplification and lasing. Si-rich SiO2 single-mode laser based on this structure is also proposed and analyzed.

To optimize a recent design of discrete mode laser that is re-growth free and feedback-perturbation insensitive, a comprehensive implementation of the time domain transfer matrix method, including temperature and feedback effects, is carried out. The model helps to obtain a optimized DM structure that is balanced between high SMSR and low feedback sensitivity.

abstract: Doctor of Science  (PhD)


title: EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF THE STATISTICAL METHODS OF ANALYZING INTERVENTION EFFECTS AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND SURROGATE COMPOSITE SCORES IN RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS USING COMPETE III TRIAL DATA

contributor:
Thabane, Lehana
Roman Viveros-Aguilera, Gary Foster
Roman Viveros-Aguilera, Gary Foster
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
Empirical comparison
Analytical model
Composite score
Vascular tracker
Correlation analysis
RCTs
COMPETE III
Biostatistics
Biostatistics

abstract:
Background: A better application of evidence-based available therapies and optimal patient care are suggested to have a positive association with patient outcomes for cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. Electronic integration of care tested in the Computerization of Medical Practices for the Enhancement of Therapeutic Effectiveness (COMPETE) Π study showed that a shared electronic decision-support system to support the primary care of diabetes improved the process of care and some clinical markers of the quality of diabetes care. On the basis of COMPETE Π trial, COMPETE Ш study showed that older adults at increased risk of cardiovascular events, if connected with their family physicians and other providers via an electronic network sharing an intensive, individualized cardiovascular tracking, advice and support program, enhanced their process of care – using a process composite score to lower their cardiovascular risk more than those in conventional care. However, results of the effect of intervention on composite process and clinical outcomes were not similar – there was no significant effect on clinical outcomes.

Objectives: Our objectives were to investigate the robustness of the results based the commonly used statistical models using COMPETE III dataset and explore the validity of the surrogate process composite score using a correlation analysis between the clinical outcomes and process composite score.

Methods: Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used as a primary statistical model in this study. Three patient-level statistical methods (simple linear regression, fixed-effects regression, and mixed-effects regression) and two center-level statistical approaches (center-level fixed-effects model and center-level random-effects model) were compared to reference GEE model in terms of the robustness of the results – magnitude, direction and statistical significance of the estimated effects on the change of process composite score / on-target clinical composite score. GEE was also used to investigate thecorrelation between the clinical outcomes and surrogate process composite scores.

Results: All six statistical models used in this study produced robust estimates of intervention effect. No significant association between cardiovascular events and on-target clinical composite score and individual component of on-target clinical composite score were found between the intervention group and control group. However, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and psychosocial index are significant predictors of cardiovascular events. Process composite score can both predict the cardiovascular events and clinical improvement, but the results were not statistically significant- possibly due to the small number of events. However, the process composite score was significantly associated with the on-target clinical composite score.

Conclusions: We concluded that all five analytic models yielded similar robust estimation of intervention effect comparing to the reference GEE model. The relatively smaller estimate effects in the center-level fixed-effects model suggest that the within-center variation should be considered in the analysis of multicenter RCTs. Process composite score may serve as a good predictor for CVD outcomes.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: PRIMARY CARE DIABETES: ISSUES FACING FAMILY DOCTORS

contributor:
Kaczorowski, Janusz
Gerstein, Hertzel
Hanna, Steve
Health Research Methodology

subject:
diabetes
screening
primary care
risk assessment
insulin
elderly
Primary Care
Primary Care

abstract:
This thesis describes some of the prominent issues facing primary care practitioners regarding diabetes care. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a common metabolic disturbance among Canadians, now reaching worldwide epidemic proportions. Alarmingly, diabetes prevalence is expected to increase significantly in future years. This increase in diabetes will lead to corresponding increases in the rates of complications, which place a burden on the health care system. However, interventions could prevent or delay T2DM and thus decrease morbidity and mortality associated with its complications if individuals at risk of developing diabetes are detected early.

The first paper describes a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of T2DM screening methods using community or family practice-based systematic screening approaches compared to opportunistic family practice-based approaches. The second paper describes a novel community health initiative, the Community Health Awareness of Diabetes (CHAD) Program. It reports participant characteristics and satisfaction with the community-wide diabetes awareness demonstration project. The third paper examines whether the CHAD program was effective in increasing detection of diabetes. As routine diabetes care remains largely a family practice activity, and something that all family doctors participate in, the fourth paper reports on the current state of diabetes care in 96 Ontario family practices.. The final paper reports the findings of a qualitative study examining family physicians’ approach to insulin prescribing in older patients. Current prevalence figures estimate that 16% of people over 65 years have diabetes and family practitioners look after these individuals and their diabetes.

Finally, recommendations are made as to how screening and care for diabetes in primary care could be improved. In summary, policies supporting community initiatives partnering with primary healthcare should be promoted in an effort to share the burden of screening for diabetes, and also to target appropriate screening to populations that need it the most.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Radiobiological Response of Healthy and Tumour-Bearing Rat Brains To Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation

contributor:
Mothersill, Carmel
Schültke, Elisabeth
Colin Seymour, Tom Farrell
Medical Physics

subject:
Microbeam radiation therapy
glioma
bystander effects
wistar rat
Biological and Chemical Physics
Cancer Biology
Medical Cell Biology
Neoplasms
Radiology
Therapeutics
Biological and Chemical Physics

abstract:
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is an experimental radiotherapy concept that has been primarily developed for the treatment of malignant brain tumours. MRT uses high flux synchrotron x-rays delivered as an array of parallel microbeams in high doses of irradiation in fractions of seconds. The aims of this study were to 1) investigate the induction of bystander effects after normal and tumour-bearing rat brains were exposed to MRT and homogenous radiation; 2) validate a brain bystander proteome by detecting protein expression throughout immunohistochemistry: and 3) to investigate whether communication of bystander signals can be produced between animals.

Healthy and tumour-bearing Wistar rats were exposed to 17.5, 35, 70 or 350 Gy of MRT or homogenous field of synchrotron radiation to the right brain hemisphere. To study the communication of bystander effects between animals, irradiated rats shared the same cage with non-irradiated rats over a period of 48 hours. After euthanasia of the animals, brains and bladders were dissected, and samples for immunohistochemistry and bystander clonogenic assays were set up.

Clonogenic survival of the reporter HPVG cells showed that bystander effects occurred in both the non-irradiated hemisphere and bladder of normal and tumour-bearing rats, while the irradiated hemisphere showed the direct effects of radiation. Moreover, communication of bystander signals was confirmed in the non-irradiated rats.

In conclusion, the results suggest that the MRT and homogenous radiation of unilateral normal and tumour-bearing rat brains produce bystander signals that affect the whole organism and that those signals also can be transmitted to non-irradiated animals.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Kinematic Control Framework for Asymmetric Semi-autonomous Teleoperation Systems

contributor:
Sirouspour, Shahin
Gary Bone, Alex Patriciu
Gary Bone, Alex Patriciu
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Telerobotics
Haptics
Teleoperation
Robotics
Redundancy
Lyapunov
Controls and Control Theory
Controls and Control Theory

abstract: Have a nice day :)

abstract: This thesis presents a unified framework for coordination and control of human-in-the-loop asymmetric semi-autonomous robotic systems. It introduces a highly general teleoperation system configuration involving any number of operators, haptic interfaces, and robots with possibly different degrees of mobility. The proposed framework allows for mixed teleoperation/autonomous control of user-defined subtasks by establishing position/force tracking as well as kinematic constraints among relevant teleoperation control frames. Three layers of velocity-based autonomous subtasks at different priority levels with respect to human teleoperation are integrated into the control system design. The control strategy is hierarchical comprising of a high-level teleoperation coordinating controller and low-level joint velocity controllers. A Lyapunov-based adaptive joint-space velocity controller is presented as one candidate for the low-level control. The approach utilizes idempotent, generalized pseudoinverse and weighting matrices, as well as a soft-switching rank changing algorithm in order to achieve new performance objectives that are defined for such asymmetric semi-autonomous teleoperation systems. A detailed analysis of system performance and stability is presented. The proposed framework constitutes the most general formulation and solution for the teleoperation control problem to date. It yields many interesting and useful system configurations never studied before, in addition to those already considered in the literature. In particular, seven system configurations arising from the proposed teleoperation architecture are analyzed and studied in detail. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the desired system response in these configurations. Moreover, human factors experiments are carried out to assess operator(s) performance in maneuverability and grasping under various teleoperation system configurations. The results show statistically significant performance improvement in teleoperation of a nonholonomic mobile robot and telegrasping using a twin-armed manipulator.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: REASONING ABOUT DEFINEDNESS － A DEFINEDNESS CHECKING SYSTEM FOR AN IMPLEMENTED LOGIC

contributor:
Farmer, William M.
Jacques Carette, Ridha Khedri
Jacques Carette, Ridha Khedri
Computing and Software

subject:
Undefinedness
AND/OR Tree
MathScheme
Chiron
Mechanized Mathematics
Computer Sciences
Logic and Foundations
Computer Sciences

abstract: Effective definedness checking is crucial for an implementation of a logic with undefinedness. The objective of the MathScheme project is to develop a new approach to mechanized mathematics that seeks to combine the capabilities of computer algebra systems and computer theorem proving systems. Chiron, the underlying logic of MathScheme, is a logic with undefinedness. Therefore, it is important to automate, to the greatest extent possible, the process of checking the definedness of Chiron expressions for the MathScheme project. This thesis provides an overview of information useful for checking definedness of Chiron expressions and presents the design and implementation of an AND/OR tree-based approach for automated definedness checking based on ideas from artificial intelligence. The theorems for definedness checking are outlined first, and then a three-valued AND/OR tree is presented, and finally, the algorithm for reducing Chiron definedness problems using AND/OR trees is illustrated. An implementation of the definedness checking system is provided that is based on the theorems and algorithm. The ultimate goal of this system is to provide a powerful mechanism to automatically reduce a definedness problem to simpler definedness problems that can be easily, or perhaps automatically, checked.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: ASSESSING SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF SOIL CO2 EFFLUX USING CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENTS IN A TEMPERATE PINE FOREST

contributor:
Arain, M. Altaf
Earth and Environmental Sciences

subject:
Rs
drought
soil CO2 efflux
seasonal dynamics
Q10
Climate
Meteorology
Soil Science
Climate

abstract:
This study explores the seasonal dynamics of soil CO2 efflux (Rs) in a temperate pine plantation forest located in Southern Ontario, Canada. Rs was continuously measured from June 15, 2008 to December 31, 2010 at this site using an automated soil CO2 chamber system. Component analysis of Rs conducted by making continuous measurements in a trenched plot where live roots were excised indicated that heterotrophic respiration (Rh) contributed approximately 72 and 80% (895 and 920 g C m-2 year-1) of annual Rs in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Similarly, continuous Rs measurement in a litterless plot where the surface litter layer was removed contributed 65 and 57% (800 and 655 g C m-2 year-1) of annual Rs in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Results of this study suggested that overall soil temperature was the dominant control on Rs in this forest, except during the severe dry conditions.

In order to explore the impact of soil water limitations on Rs a through-fall exclusion experiment conducted from April 1 to July 3, 2009 - the spring and early summer season. Through-fall exclusion caused a large reduction in daily Rs. This experiment further suggested that Rs became less sensitive to temperature and increasingly more sensitive to water as soil water content depleted due to the through-fall exclusion. This study helps to better understand the seasonal dynamics of Rs, and its components and controls in temperate conifer forests in Eastern North America. These forests are considered a large sink of carbon, and changes in Rs dynamics in this region may have implications for the global carbon cycle.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: CYTOKINE MODULATION OF PROGENITOR CELL MIGRATION

contributor:
Sehmi, Roma
Parameswaran Nair, Mark Inman
Parameswaran Nair, Mark Inman
Medical Sciences

subject: Progenitor cell migration

subject: Priming

subject: Interleukin-4

subject: Interleukin-13

subject: Stromal cell-derived factor-1α

subject: Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity

subject: Medical Immunology

abstract:
Rationale: Lung-homing of bone marrow (BM)-derived progenitor cells is associated with inflammatory and remodeling changes in asthma. Stromal cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) is a potent progenitor cell chemoattractant and its local production in the lung promotes lung homing of progenitor cells. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in promoting traffic of progenitor cells to the site of inflammation in asthma has not been investigated. The TH2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, are key regulators of asthma pathology.

Objective: To investigate the role of IL-4 and IL-13 in modulating the trans-migrational responses of hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC).

Methods: HPC were isolated from cord blood (CB) and peripheral blood (PB) and migrational and adhesive responses were assessed using transwell migration assays and adhesion to fibronectin-coated wells, respectively. Responding cells were enumerated by flow cytometry.

Results: IL-4 and IL-13 had no direct effect on progenitor cell migration. Pre-incubation with each of these cytokines primed SDF-1α stimulated migration of CB and PB-derived HPC (CD34+45+ cells) but not eosinophil-lineage committed progenitors (CD34+45+IL- 5Rα+ cells) or mature eosinophils to SDF-1α. For HPC, priming effects of IL-4 (0.1ng/ml) and IL-13 (0.1ng/ml) were detectable within 1hr and optimal at 18hr post- incubation and IL-4 was the more effective priming agent. Disruption of lipid rafts inhibited IL-4 priming of SDF-1α stimulated migration of HPC indicating that increased incorporation of CXCR4 into membrane lipid rafts mediates the cytokine primed migrational response of HPC. This was confirmed by confocal fluorescent microscopy.

Conclusions: IL-4 and IL-13 prime the migrational response of HPC to SDF-1α by enhancing the incorporation of CXCR4 into lipid rafts. The priming effect of these cytokines is specific to primitive HPC. These data suggest that increased local production of IL-4 and IL-13 within the lungs may promote increased SDF-1α mediated homing of BM-derived HPC to the airways in asthma.

abstract: Master of Science in Medical Sciences (MSMS)


title: CHITOSAN-MEDIATED ORAL GENE THERAPY FOR HEMOPHILIA TREATMENT AND PROPHYLACTIC TOLERANCE

contributor:
Hortelano, Gonzalo
Ofosu, Frederick
Ofosu, Frederick
Biomedical Engineering

subject:
gene delivery
hemophilia
gene therapy
Factor VIII
Factor IX
blood disorders
Biological Engineering
Biological Engineering

abstract:
Hemophilia A and B are X-linked recessive bleeding disorders caused by the deficiency of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) and Factor IX (FIX), respectively. Current treatment involves life-long protein replacement therapy which is invasive, expensive and inaccessible to the majority of hemophiliacs worldwide. Treatment is further compromised by the development of neutralizing antibodies. Thus, the development of an alternative treatment that is safer, cost effective and non-invasive that circumvents immune response induction is desirable.

To this end, a chitosan-mediated gene therapy strategy delivered orally was developed to provide clinically relevant plasma expression of FVIII or FIX. Hemophilia A mice that ingested chitosan nanoparticles containing FVIII DNA transiently expressed canine FVIII reaching >100 mU one day post treatment, together with partial phenotypic correction. Residual FVIII activity was detected for several days. Repeated administration of nanoparticles restored FVIII expression for 4 weeks and reduced clotting time in treated mice. Interestingly, inhibitors and non-neutralizing antibodies were not detectable throughout the experiment.

The immunomodulatory effects of chitosan-mediated oral gene delivery was investigated in naive hemophilia A mice and mice with pre-existing inhibitors. Administration of nanoparticles containing human FVIII DNA in naive mice suppressed systemic antibody responses and provided long-term tolerance to rhFVIII protein immunizations for at least 8 weeks. This tolerance was transferable to naive mice, suggesting development of regulatory T cells. In contrast, repeated oral nanoparticle administration was unable to suppress FVIII-specific antibody responses in hemophilia A mice with pre-existing inhibitors.

Treatment of hemophilia B is challenged by a 25-50 fold higher therapeutic threshold. Nevertheless, hemophilia B mice fed chitosan nanoparticles containing CpG-FIXi plasmid transiently expressed therapeutically relevant human FIX >14mU/mL plasma.

Chitosan nanoparticle formulation was optimized in vitro for improved transfection efficiency. Nanoparticles formulated at a chitosan:DNA charge ratio of >2:1 (N:P) provided DNA protection against proton and enzymatic degradation that mimic conditions of the stomach and intestine, respectively. The inclusion of 25 mM sodium acetate-acetic acid decreased transfection of HEK 293 cells 4-fold, while 50 mM sodium sulphate increased uptake by ~40%. Optimal transfection was achieved with chitosan chloride (CL 213) formulated at a charge ratio of 3:1 in 50 mM sodium sulphate.

These findings suggest chitosan nanoparticles can provide clinically relevant FVIII and FIX transgene expression, which is amenable to a one-tablet-a-day dosing strategy. Taken together, chitosan-mediate gene therapy delivered orally is proposed as a potential non-invasive alternative strategy for hemophilia treatment and without inducing neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody production.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: SIAMO NUMBER ONE: TORONTO ITALIANS, SOCCER AND IDENTITY, 1982

contributor:
Bouchier, Nancy
History

subject:
Italians
Toronto
ethnicity
identity
soccer
history
World Cup
multiculturalism
History
History

abstract: This study explores the relationship between soccer and Toronto’s Italian immigrants throughout the 1970s to the now-mythical 1982 celebration of the Italian team’s FIFA World Cup victory on Toronto’s Corso Italia. The celebration’s location in a distinctly ethnic neighbourhood is linked to concepts of ‘place’ and ‘identity’ which made it central to the construction of an Italian-Canadian identity during the era of Multiculturalism policies. Toronto’s Italian-Canadians used the victory as a way of recognizing their own worth to society and to proudly and publicly solidify their integration into the Canadian multicultural landscape. Soccer helped them create and maintain a multi-dimensional transnational identity that reinforced the importance of their ethnic community. It also provided them with a visual way to relate to the nation. This study shows that this nationalism transcended traditional gender constraints and transformed this sport victory celebration into a family event, which included males and females alike. Eighteen interviews of Italian-Canadians who lived in and around the Toronto area throughout the 1970s and early 1980s reveal what they remember about the soccer-related events of that time period and how they feel about those memories now. This study also examines various Italian, Italian-Canadian, and English-language Canadian newspapers that covered specific sporting events and celebrations from 1978 to 1983, with a particular focus on the 1982 World Cup. It argues that in this case a collective memory has been created and conditioned by the way the media portrayed the event and how Toronto’s Italian-Canadian cultural community sustained it.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Prime Ideals in Rings Satisfying Polynomial Identities

contributor:
Mueller, B.J.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: The systematic study of prime ideals in noncommutative rings satisfying polynomial identities lends itself to diverse methods of approach. The geometric method, which we explore at several points of this thesis, was initiated by C. Procesi in the 1960's. The main results of our chapter on Prime Ideals in Affine Algebras are most naturally developed from this point of view. They lead to certain algebraic questions which are dealt with in this thesis, concerning the structure of prime ideals in affine algebras satisfying polynomial identities. The interplay between the prime ideals in such as algebra, and the center of the algebra is a theme that is exploited frequently, through the use of central polynomials. We also answer a question posed by Procesi concerning the growth of affine, prime algebras satisfying polynomial identities.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Characterization of RanBPM in Drosophila melanogaster

contributor:
Campos, Ana R.
Jacobs, Roger
Gillespie, Deda
Neuroscience

subject:
Drosophila melanogaster
RanBPM
NMJ
insulin signaling pathway
Developmental Biology
Developmental Biology

abstract:
RanBPM is a conserved putative scaffold protein of unknown function. Loss-of-function in RanBPM leads to pleiotropic phenotypes such as reduced locomotion, decreased size and larval lethality in the Drosophila melanogaster.

dRanBPM mutants have decreased branching and boutons at the neuromuscular junction, which may contribute to their locomotory defect. To investigate if dRanBPM is involved in controlling synaptic architecture at the neuromuscular junction, levels of two cytoskeletal proteins, Futsch and profilin, were assessed in dRanBPM mutants.

Due to time constraints, immunoblots for Futsch were not fully optimized for protein measurement. Immunoblots for profilin, on the other hand, were successfully carried out. However, results from the reproduction of a blot demonstrating the negative regulation of Drosophila FMRP on profilin did not agree with that of the literature. In addition, results from an epistatic experiment demonstrated that profilin levels were not affected in FMRP deficient flies when compared to those with additional decrease in dRanBPM function.

Targeted expression of dRanBPM to neurosecretory cells is able to rescue size and lethality of dRanBPM mutants, suggesting a common pathway through which both phenotypes operate is disrupted in these mutants. Activation of the insulin signaling pathway was indeed found to be downregulated in dRanBPM mutants. A longevity assay was alternatively carried out to demonstrate decreased insulin pathway activation in dRanBPM mutants. Unfortunately, due to inappropriate controls used for this experiment, no conclusive points can be made. Together, these findings contribute to the knowledge that RanBPM plays and to designing future experiments to test for RanBPM function.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Highly variable mitochondrial inheritance in intra- and inter-lineage crosses of Cryptococcus gattii

contributor:
Xu, Jianping
Golding, Brian
Golding, Brian
Biology

subject:
Biology
Genetics
Other Microbiology
Biology

abstract: The inheritance of mitochondria and their genomes is predominantly uniparental in plants and animals. However, in fungi, the patterns of inheritance can become complex. Interestingly, in Cryptococcus neoformans, the inheritance pattern is predominantly uniparental. Similar to C. neoformans, closely related Cryptococcus gattii is also a pathogenic fungus, except that it is capable of infecting healthy individuals. In this research, PCR-RFLP was employed on progeny of 14 crosses in order to determine if the mtDNA inheritance pattern is the same in Cryptococcus gattii as was found in C. neoformans. Additionally, the effect of genetic distance between mating partners on mitochondrial inheritance was investigated by using a range of strains across three of the four distinct lineages in C. gattii. My results identified highly variable patterns of inheritance among strains and strain combinations, both within and between the analyzed lineages in C. gattii.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Accelerated evolution of tissue-specific modulation of gene expression in sibling species Drosophila simulans and D. sechellia

contributor:
Singh, Rama S.
Biology

subject:
Drosophila
speciation
reciprocal hybrids
sex and non-sex genes
tissue-specific modulation
maternal effect
Biology
Genetics
Genetics and Genomics
Life Sciences
Molecular genetics
Biology

abstract: Comparison of tissue-specific gene expression profiles between sibling species and their F1 interspecific hybrids are expected to reveal important information about the mechanisms involved in speciation and species divergence. In the present study, the expression of 40 candidate genes were analyzed using qRT-PCR in the testis, ovary and head tissues (both male and female) among the hybrids and their parental species. The expression patterns of these genes were profiled via quantification of misexpression (both over- and under-expression) relative to that of their parents as well as across tissues. We set out to answer several questions as well as test the following hypotheses: (1) Do Drosophila sibling species differ in tissue-specific distribution of gene expression? (2) Do males and females differ in tissue specific distribution of expression? (3) Do reciprocal crosses differ in patterns of gene misexpression suggesting X-effect? (4) Do sex and non-sex genes differ in extent of gene misexpression? The results of this study gave rise to two important findings. First, it was found that while the majority of genes showed head and testis expression in Drosophila melanogaster, more genes showed head and ovary expression in D. sechellia. Second, we observed differences in gene misexpression between reciprocal D. simulans and D. sechellia hybrid females, suggesting the role of maternal effect. Thus, these findings supply a wealth of data regarding tissue-specific expression in both fertile females and sterile male hybrids, the former of which have largely been ignored, as well as advance our understanding of the process of species divergence and speciation. Ultimately, this thesis will provide a contribution to the field of gene regulatory evolution.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Environmental Selection of Phenotypic Switching of the RpoS-dependent Response in Escherichia coli

contributor:
Schellhorn, Herb E.
Xu, Jianping
Morton, Richard A.
Biology

subject:
mutation
selection
sigma factor
bacterial stress resistance
Molecular genetics
Molecular genetics

abstract:
Abstract

  Understanding the adaptive mechanisms of large regulatory networks can provide insight into long-term survival of bacterial populations in nature. The RpoS master stress regulator found in E. coli controls the expression of nearly 10% of the genome when cells enter stationary phase or in response to general stress conditions. Despite its important role in stress protection, mutations in the rpoS gene are frequently selected in laboratory strains, pathogenic strains and natural isolates. Loss-of-function mutations are beneficial in long-term stationary phase cultures and in steady state glucose- limited chemostat cultures. Although these mutants have increased utilization of an extensive set of substrates, selection for loss of RpoS function occurs at the cost of reduced stress resistance. Previous studies have demonstrated that highly reversible mutations occur within the rpoS gene (for example, transversions and nonsense mutations) when selected on succinate minimal media; however, no study has yet identified a natural compound that can select for restoration of RpoS function. In this study we identify a natural compound allowing restoration of RpoS+ cells from a succinate selected RpoS- culture. Using an RpoS-dependent osmY-lacZ fusion reporter strain carrying a loss-of-function point mutation in the rpoS gene, we demonstrate that growth on 6% NaCl results in selection of mutants with restored RpoS function occurring at a mutation frequency of 10-9 mutants per cell plated. This is confirmed by RpoS protein detection, and rpoS sequencing results show transversion or transition mutations. These results are the first to demonstrate that selection for restoration of RpoS function can be mediated by a single condition/compound and are consistent with the idea that mutations in the rpoS gene may act as a physiological molecular switch to control the expression of the RpoS regulon.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Three Canadian Mennonite Writers

contributor:
Ballstadt, Carl
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: This thesis is a study of three Canadian writers of Mennonite background, and their response to that ethno-religious heritage in their work. Rudy Wiebe, Patrick Friesen, and Armin Wiebe have responded to that heritage in different ways, and show varying degrees of cultural and religious retention. Patrick Friesen no longer is associated with any Mennonite church, but considers himself to be ethnically Mennonite and relies heavily on the Mennonite world for subject matter and setting. In his narrative poem, The Shunning, he sometimes criticizes the Mennonite community and sometimes celebrates it. In The Salvation of Yasch Siemens Armin Wiebe celebrates the Mennonite community and way of life, and finds in his heritage a rich mine for humour. Of the three writers, Rudy Wiebe has the most complex relationship to his faith and community; he repeatedly explores the tension between Mennonite ethnicity and the Anabaptist faith in his attempt to realize the full meaning of Mennonite Christianity.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Iconography of the Vintage in the Mosaics of Roman Spain and North Africa

contributor:
Dunbabin, K.M.D.
Classical Studies

subject: Classics Classics

abstract:
The economy of Imperial Rome relied heavily on agricultural production. Much of the grain, oil, and wine needed was supplied by the Roman provinces located in what are now Spain and North Africa. The prosperity of the provinces was reflected in the agricultural themes in the artwork of both public and private buildings in these areas. These works included many mosaics, dating from the second to the fifth centuries A.D., which portrayed vintaging motifs. Various aspects of wine production were illustrated on these mosaics: the harvest, the crushing of the grapes, and the tending of the wines. While vintaging mosaics have been included in catalogues and individual pavements have been studied, no detailed analysis of the iconography of the entire group has been undertaken.

In this thesis the composition and context of these vintaging mosaics from Roman Spain and North Africa will be examined. Many of the vintaging mosaics were found in badly preserved structures. However, wherever possible, the function of both the building and room in which the mosaic was found will be examined. The majority seem to come from triclinia, and oeci within the living quarters and from frigidaria in both private and public baths.

The vintaging mosaics, whether illustrating a realistic portrait of a vineyard or an abstract display of vintaging Erotes working among vine rinceaux, include realistic elements of agricultural practice. The tools and farming implements used, the method of viticulture employed, and the various stages of wine production need to be carefully observed. These visual images will be compared to literary and archaeological evidence to determine to what extent the iconography of the vintage is realistic or how standardised the images had become by this period.

Many of the pavements, in addition to the agricultural elements, contain scenes or figures connected to Roman mythology. Several of the mosaics contain Bacchic figures or scenes. The connection of the wine god to the vintaging motif is obvious, yet the choice of scenes needs to be examined. Questions arise as to whether or not these scenes reflect religious worship of Dionysus or whether the scenes have become standard images in the repertoire of the mosaicists of Spain and North Africa.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Utopian Thinking: Dworkin's Law's Empire Seen From a Utopian Perspective

contributor:
Najm, S.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
In this paper I argue that what we commonly understand as 'utopias' are but a particular kind of utopia. The inhibitions we have about spending our energy on useless dreams about perfect societies, either in some long ago time, some far away place, or in our own futures, stem from our familiarity with those utopias which can generally be described as being modelled after Plato.

There are elements of utopian thinking in many of our approaches to social problems. We do not recognize them for what they are because of their negative connotation. We are therefore unable to take advantage of the many positive features of utopian thought. Our efforts to avoid being labelled utopian have a negative effect on our lives.

Dworkin structures Law's Empire partly in response to his understanding of utopias. He too tries to disassociate himself from them and claims instead to be concerned with existing practice. There are, however, many utopian elements in Law's Empire. In not recognizing them as such we run the risk of forgetting to think about what we need to do in order to bridge the gap between who we are now and who we want to be.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE GROWTH OF THE CANADIAN FEDERAL DEBT SINCE CONFEDERATION, 1867-1949

subject:
Political Economy
Political Economy

abstract: To attempt a comprehensive survey of the development and main problems of the Canadian federal debt may seem overly ambitious in the necessarily short span of an undergraduate thesis. But heated conflict over principles of fiscal policy which by and large determine the growth of the debt, and a more general lack of information on particular Canadian problems relating to it, make even a summary survey of some value: and this is all the more true in the absence of any great amount of literature on the subject. Canada's net debt of some eleven and one-half billions of dollars may be just another example of governmental inefficiency to the steelworker; the small businessman may think of it only in terms' of the larger taxes he must pay to take-care of the interest charges; and a financier, willing enough to accept past debt growth as an essential antecedent to Canadian national development; maybe just as unalterably opposed to any further growth. The fact that all these men lack a "rounded Approach'" to fiscal and debt policy is important. As voters, they determine the party in power in Ottawa, and so indirectly, the course of Canadian public finance. But more than a lack of knowledge or apathy on the part of the citizens justifies an attempt to treat some first principles; three trends, forming a significant part of the contimporary political scene, urge knowledge of federal fiscal policy, especially as it relates to the public debt. In the first place, the years since Confederation have seen a tremendous increase in the absolute size of the debt. The consequent growth of the interest charges, which form the real "burden of the debt", has proceeded at only a slightly slower rate. Were the national income to slump again as it did in the early thirties, it would prove even more of a strain on the economy to take care of the interest charges than it did then. We may very properly take an interest in the largest single item in the federal budget, especially one which can cause so much difficulty. Secondly, the present trend in the government towards what may be called an economy of "welfare capitalism" is a costly process. The increase in the debt that this may entail is worthy of careful study. Thirdly, the increasing favour with which fiscal policy called for chronic government deficits is viewed calls for a searching review of the economic reasoning that lies behind it, in the light of the continuing increases in the debt that it may cause. No attempt has been made to carry the topic beyond the bounds of the federal debt. The public debt of the various provinces and municipalities is both extensive and of complex structure, worthy of a separate study in itself; but it is not nearly so important in the aggregate, as the federal debt. Moreover, the limitations of space would prevent an adequate treatment of any part of the public debt, should we attempt to deal with them all at once. It seems both fair and reasonable, therefore, to confine the topic to the most important segment of the public debt, and deal exclusively with the Canadian federal debt. Whenever the phrase "the public debt" is used in the text for brevity, or to avoid monotony, it should be remembered that it is to this particular portion of it that we refer. Finally, all attempts at justification and apology aside, the author wishes to express his gratitude to those who so generously aided the completion of this work. To Dr. R.C.McIvor, of the Department of Political Economy, his thanks are due for much patient review of the rough manuscript, and far many helpful suggestions. The searching comments of his colleagues in the Honour Course, and especially of Miss Willa Harwood and Mr. John Panabaker, not infrequently spurred him on. Responsibility for the final version, must of course, be accepted by the author alone.

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: Time, Man, Society and "Ode On A Grecian Urn" in William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying, Go Down, Moses and Light In August

contributor:
Brasch, J. D.
English

abstract: Much has been written on the references to John Keats' "Ode On A Grecian Urn" in William Faulkners novels. Critical analysis has dealt mainly with the utilization of images and symbols from the "Ode" in Faulkner's fiction without any sense of a thematic pattern connecting each fictional work. This thesis also examines Keatsian references in Faulkner's novels, in particular, As I Lay Dying, Go Down. Moses and Light In August. However, the approach of this thesis is to regard these three novels as interrelated in that they comprise a multi-faceted meditation on John Keats' "Ode". This meditation involves abstracting imagistic, symbolic and thematic references from Keats' poem in an examination of the theme of artistic and temporal transcendence. Faulkner's references are inverted with a wry, darkly ironic tone that questions the function and status of romantic idealism in the modem world. Together, As I Lay Dying, Go Down. Moses and Light In August comprise a treatise on the spiritual 'degeneration of today's society and comments on the direction in which society is travelling.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Canadian Poetry of the First World War in English: A Thematic Study

contributor:
Bishop, Alan
English

abstract:
The Canadian poetry of the Great War in English has been critically neglected. This thesis offers an overview of that poetry, and attempts to provide a basis for further study.

Like the British poetry of the First World War, the Canadian poetry of that era in English is marked by a struggle between abstract systems and realistic depictions of the war. While the poetry can be classified according to themes, each of these, and the poems that embody them, can be placed on a scale of abstraction and realism. Many poems include elements of both. Chapter I is a general examination of this dialectic in the British and Canadian poetry of the war. Chapter II shows how several Canadian poets employed abstract systems, obscuring reality. The denial of death's finality, as in John McCrae's influential "In Flanders Fields", is the most marked of these abstractions. Chapter III is a consideration of the motherhood motif which operates on colonial, personal and natural levels, as well as of the poetical depiction of the natural world, both based to some degree on abstract concepts but also often containing elements of realism. In the poetry considered in Chapter IV, this interaction remains important, but an almost pure form of realism characterizes the poetry of trifles. Chapter V explores direct, realistic poetry which looks forward to more modern poetic endeavours. The epilogue examines the final abandonment of abstraction following the war.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Advances in Simulation and Optimization of Electrical Networks

contributor:
Bandler, John W.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract: This thesis addresses itself to two main veins of computer-aided design of electrical networks, namely, simulation and optimization. A critical review of the state of the art in simulation approaches to networks for analysis and sensitivity evaluation, design concepts and optimization algorithms, is presented. A new approach for the simulation and design of lumped networks in the time domain is presented. The approach is based on the transmission-line matrix method of numerical analysis. The exploitation of general simulators which can be used as a tool in the integrated design process of electrical networks is given with specific examples. A new approach for the analysis and design of cascaded networks has been developed. This approach proves to be efficient and very useful for sensitivity and tolerance analysis. The approach has also been generalized to 2p-port cascaded networks.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Theme of Alienation in Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy and William Faulkner's Light in August

contributor:
Berland, Alwyn
English

abstract: This thesis deals with the theme of alienation in Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy and William Faulkner's Light in August, a comparative approach that highlights both the naturalistic elements in both novels as well as those elements that go beyond the boundaries of naturalism. This paper traces the roots of Clyde Griffiths' and Joe Christmas' self-alienation to their childhood deprivations, distorted religious education and sexual repression. This paper also analyzes how American society turns these two fundamentally different characters into marginal figures who suffer in a very similar way from deeply internalized ambiguities. Deeply alienated from themselves and others these characters are driven to murder their sexual partners, both murders operating in a strikingly similar naturalistic discourse. Both characters are ultimately executed by their society as sacrificial scapegoats. Completely stripped of any sense of selfhood Clyde and Joe are denied any insight and awareness into their lives and deaths.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Qualified Optimism of Gravity's Rainbow

contributor:
Sigman, J.
English

abstract: Gravity's Rainbow is both an historical document that captures the Zeitgeist of the 1960s through allusions to the theoretical writings of such popular philosophers as Herbert Marcuse and Norman O. Brown, and a justification of the questioning spirit that motivated those writers. Pynchon uses their ideas along with many aspects of scientific theory to present a dark world which is essentially the negative of their optimism. The result, however, is not pessimism, but optimism qualified by the reality that necessitates it.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Redefining Woman's Worth: The Ambiguous Nature of Female Identity in Two Novels by Margaret Laurence

contributor:
York, Lorraine
English

abstract: The impulse to attain "wholeness", to create and sustain a coherent identity, is a central issue in Margaret Laurence's novels A Jest of God (1966) and The FireDwellers (1969). This thesis will examine the immobilization and discontent that arise when women are unable to mediate between their personal desires and the social values that are imposed upon them. The two novels are unified by Laurence's contention that women must become agents of change rather than maintain a passive or responsive stance in their social roles. In keeping with her belief in the value of diversity, Laurence's novels "reject those aspects of female identity which society imposes on women, including conventional 'femininity', heterosexuality, wifehood, and motherhood" (Relke 37). This is not to suggest that Laurence advocates the abandonment of traditional roles. Rather, she focuses upon the paradox of identity formation in which the subject must both reject and rely upon institutionalized norms and mores. Only when women acknowledge the ambiguity that they feel towards their socially constructed roles will they be able to recognize and confront the power structures that impinge on their lives and restrict their emotional and intellectual expression.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Heroes in Their Mirrors: An Examination of The Wars and Famous Last Words

contributor:
Rosenblood, N.
English

abstract: To discover Robert Raymond Ross' and Hugh Selwyn Mauberley's motivations for situating their fantasies within a framework of war, this thesis examines The Wars and Famous Last Words from a psychoanalytic and formalistic perspective. The first chapter of this thesis examines Ross' and Mauberley's compulsions to repeat, through displacements, the pre-war deaths of family members, and their compulsions' origins within the Oedipus complex. The second chapter explicates the ramifications of Mauberley's inability to resolve his Oedipal conflict. The fourth chapter probes the protagonists' identification with deities of Judaeo-Christian theology. The concluding chapter explores how war functions as an externalized metaphor for the inner conflicts of Ross and Mauberley.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Letters Never Sent: Emily Dickinson's "Daisy" Letters as Epistolary Fiction.

contributor:
Donaldson, Jeffery
English

abstract: This study examines both the form and content of three letters by Emily Dickinson commonly referred to by scholars as the "Master" letters. A consideration of the critical work that has been done on these texts to date, in addition to contextualizing these letters within the larger field of Dickinson's creative work and correspondence, leads me to conclude that Daisy and Master are textual figures who are both integral to an understanding of Dickinson's exploration of the nature of gender, power, and self-hood in the context of human relations. Similarly, the form of these texts is a testament to Dickinson's attempt to examine these issues in terms of a single character's psyche while simultaneously disrupting the boundaries between poetry and prose, public and private and fiction and fact. However, because Dickinson's examination focuses solely on the anguished persona of Daisy, I believe that these letters should be renamed the "Daisy" letters to acknowledge this character's centrality to the texts and their meaning. Unlike the many Dickinson scholars who have sought to unmask "Master," my argument suggests a new alternative: that not only is the search for the identity of the letter's recipient of little importance and reward, but that such investigations neglect to consider the nature of the texts themselves, which point to a conclusion that the letters are fictional epistles. While my position springboards from Albert Gelpi's argument that Master has no identity grounded in reality per se, my feminist critical approach leads me to centre my argument in the politics of self-hood and in a literary form which both requires and examines a performative self created and maintained only through language. This study advocates a different way of looking at the "Daisy" letters in an effort to begin a new discussion of these texts, where the letters are not evidence of a woman in love but of an artist at work.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Mrs. Oliphant through Other Spectacles: Ideology and Subjectivity in her Works and their Publication

contributor:
Petrie, Graham
English

abstract:
This thesis considers a few of the numerous works by Margaret Oliphant (1828-1897), not in light of their literary value, but as a means of understanding how literature can offer as "natural" particular ways of understanding oneself and one's relation to society, and how one can use that same literature to dismantle the illusion of inevitability which it fosters. Mrs. Oliphant's fiction, autobiography, and letters, offer positions from which the reading subject can understand the text and their relation to it. On the one hand women, as part of humankind, are depicted as unified subjects, the originators of meaning, will, and self-definition. On the other hand women are presented as gentle, passive, and giving by nature, and the meaning in their world is defined in relation to men. Although these positions exclude each other, Oliphant offers both as obvious and natural. At moments in her writing, these conflicting ways of understanding what it means to be a woman do battle with each other, leaving gaps in the text which, if filled, would display that neither one is inevitable or unchangeable.

"Mrs. Oliphant through Other Spectacles" draws for its theoretical framework on the work of Catherine Belsey, Terry Eagleton, and related theorists. Chapter 1 introduces those of their approaches which are relevant to the succeeding chapters. Chapters 2 and 3 present the application of the approaches to three works from Oliphant's Carlingford series, Miss Marjoribanks, The Perpetual Curate, and The Doctor's Family. The engagement scenes in particular are used to demonstrate the conflicting interpellations of women which inform much of Oliphant's writing. Chapter 4 is a study, in these same terms, of Oliphant's autobiography. Finally, Chapter 5 turns to the arena of publishing, where ideology can be seen to work not only through the author's words, but through the publishing process itself. This is demonstrated with a close study of the publication process of Miss Marjoribanks and a consideration of the letters which passed between Mrs. Oliphant and her publisher at the time prior to and around its publication.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "The Shifting Relation": Morality and Sexuality, Experience and Ideas, in the Work of Edith Wharton.

contributor:
Ferns, John
English

abstract: The revival of interest in the work of Edith Wharton has brought new critical concerns, particularly with regard to her treatment of women. However, the best way to evaluate her work is to combine aspects of this new focus with the interest of her own contemporaries in her analysis of moral issues. A study of her explorations of morality and sexuality makes it possible to examine two very important aspects of her work, and thus to trace her weaknesses and her developing strengths. Her first major novel, The House o~ Hirth (1905), reveals her initial, somewhat uncertain, commitment to an aestheticized morality. Her concurrent interest in Darwin caused her serious difficulties, however, making it impossible to harmonize her own commitment to moral responsibility with Darwinian determinism. This novel is also weakened by her inability to recognize the centrality of sexuality to her subject, despite the stress that Darwin, himself, had placed upon it. However, in The Ree~ (1912), Wharton repudiated both aesthetic and Darwinian approaches to morality, and, having finally experienced the power of sexuality to affect her own life, was able to bring it into the centre of her vision and relate it directly to morality,although her treatment remained analytical. Though Summer (1917) brings sexuality into a curious relationship with morality, the latter being aligned on the side of an essentially incestuous marriage, it was with the writing of this novella that she was at last able to embody the exhilaration and power of sex in the qualities of her language. These works reveal how Wharton was able, to an impressive degree, to transmute her experience--the social and personal effects of her upbringing, her encounter with an influential socio-biological theory, and a personal crisis--through insight and judgment, into art of universal, because shared, significance.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Selected Studies in Lower Paleozoic Ichnology

contributor:
RIsk, M. J.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
Despite the attention recently given to ichnology, intensive investigations have been mounted in only a limited number of critical areas. These include the zoological affinities of, and the paleobathymetric significance of soft-sediment ichnofossils. Such areas as establishing a workable nomenclatural system, the significance of Lower Paleozoic macroborings, and quantitative methods in ichnology, although important, have received considerably less mention. In order to examine these lesser known facets an integrated study of selected Lower Paleozoic ichnofossils was conducted.

Part one involves the identification and significance of an extensive ichnofossil suite, comprising 27 different ichnogenera from the Middle Silurian Thorold Sandstone of southeastern Ontario and New York. These ichnofossils are indicative of the shallow-water, nearshore Skolithos and Cruziana ichnofacies, and can be divided into four distinctive assemblages. As well as providing information on the interpretation of the paleoenvironments, lateral variations in ethological categories prove valuable in delineating ancient storm deposits.

Part two comprises a collection of individual investigations of significant Lower Paleozoic ichnofossil occurrences with particular attention paid to quantitative methods.

1) Since ichnofossils are used not only by ichnologists but by vertebrate and invertebrate paleontologists, paleobotanists, stratigraphers, and sedimentologists, it is impertive to have a workable nomenclature system. One of the most abundant and important groups of ichnofossils are single-entranced, vertical burrows, which currently include many ill-defined and poorly understood forms. Through the examination of type specimens and an analysis of pertinent morphological characteristics, this diverse group can be referrable to only four distinct ichnogenera: Cylindrichnus, Monocraterion, Skolithos, and Stipsellus.

2) Ichnology also encompasses structures produced biogenically in hard substrates. Such ichnofossils, although well studied in post-Paleozoic deposits, have received considerably less attention in Lower Paleozoic strata. The Silurian-Devonian disconformity in southern Ontario exhibits well-preserved macroborings of the ichnogenus Trypanites. Quantification of borings using shape parameters shows that boring morphology can be described accurately. Comparison with borings made by recent sipunculids indicates a high degree of similarity, suggesting that these examples of Trypanites were probably produced by sipunculids.

3) A specimen of the ichnospecies Lingulichnus verticalis was recovered from the Lower Cambrian Bradore Formation of southern Labrador. The sample represents the only known Cambrian example of an in situ lingulid, and sheds light on the evolution of their ethology. Prior to this, it was assumed that Cambrian lingulids maintained a non-burrowing mode of life.

4) Ichnology has progressed beyond the stage of mere description and it may now be possible to try to apply some quantitative concepts. Modern ecological methods to measure and interpret spatial distributions were applied to selected Lower Paleozoic vertical ichnofossils. Such analyses may prove valuable in interpreting a host of biotic interactions among ichnofossil assemblages.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Scots-Presbyterian Myth in the Novels of Ralph Connor and Sara Jeannette Duncan

abstract:
Ralph Connor's The Man from Glengarry and Glengarry School Days and Sara Jeannette Duncan's The Imperialist provide two different interpretations of Canada's national destiny and the role of the.Scots-Presbyterians in determining that destiny. The concurrent study of these three novels, whose authors were contemporaries, provides insight into one of Canadian literature's most potent and popular myths. Few critics of these novels recognize the importance of the myth of the Scots as nation-builders and heroes. Consequently, the study of this myth is amply rewarding and deserves serious consideration.

The Introduction provides a brief Canadian literary and historical context out of which the Scottish myth has grown. Chapter One traces the development of the Scots' myth in Ralph Connor's two novels of Glengarry and attaches specific importance to the role of the protagonist in The Man from Glengarry, Ranald Macdonald, in the manifestation of that myth. Chapter Two underlines in Sara Jeannette Duncan's The Imperialist a different estimation of the Scots' place in building the Dominion also with specific reference to the novel's protagonist, Lorne Murchison.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: ENGLISH-CANADIAN DRAMA OF THE POST-CONFEDERATION PERIOD: A TRADITION IDENTIFIED

abstract: English-Canadian drama of the post-Confederation period has suffered at the hands of criticism. The large amount of popular drama was ignored by criticism which sought "high art". Such criticism has served to dissociate twentieth century drama from its tradition. That this tradition is popular rather than esoteric makes this body of work more rather than less rewarding on close inspection. Three divisions based on form are noted: Literary, Nationalistic, and Popular drama. All three yield illuminating uses of language and form. Of especial interest is the development of social and domestic realism as a response to social changes, particularly to the militancy of women.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)