title: Relating leadership, thinking styles, self-concept, motivation and stress management in education

subject: School principals--Ontario--Hamilton.

subject: School management and organization--Ontario--Hamilton.

subject: Leadership.

subject: Self-perception.

subject: Motivation (Psychology)

subject: Stress management.

subject: Educational psychology.

abstract:
Seventy-five principals and vice-.wincipals from public elementary and secondary
schools in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada participated in this study. Participants
provided ,information concerning their thinking styles, motivations, and the
physical effects of stress. This information was examined to find out how
satisfaction-oriented, and how security-oriented the thinking styles of the
participants were. Second, the data were analysed to see how the thinking style
orientations related to life style habits and the effects of stress. The
satisfaction-oriented thinking styles scored higher than all of the security-oriented
thinking styles by a wide margin with a small preference for the
satisfaction-people-oriented styles labelled humanistic-helpful, and affiliative as
opposed to the satisfaction-task-oriented styles labeled achievement, and
self-actualizing. Although all eight of the security-oriented thinking styles scored
well below all of the satisfaction-oriented thinking styles on the Life Styles
Inventory, the perfectionistic style scored higher than all of the security-oriented
styles by an impressive margin. The next highest scores were recorded by a cluster
of three passive-defensive people-oriented thinking styles labeled approval,
conventional, and dependent. The competitive style scored lower, and the styles
labeled avoidance, oppositional, and power scored the lowest of all the
defensive-security-oriented styles. These findings suggest that principals and
vice-principals see themselves as relaxed, flexible, and satisfied with their ability to
adapt to the stress levels they experience in their lives; however, there was some
support for medical research findings that suggest that specific security-oriented
thinking styles are associated with emotional stresses that contribute to the
development of specific lifestyle habits, physical symptoms, and illnesses. Although
the number of females in this study provides very limited generalizability, the
findings of this study suggest that high achieving females tend to develop
satisfaction-growth styles to a higher level than males, and they tend to use
security-oriented styles to a lesser degree than males.


title: Relations between Malaysia and the People's Republic of China, 1963-1975 : Evolution of adjustment to a multi- polar international system

subject: World politics|y1965-1975.


title: Relationships among adolescent substance use, leisure boredom, and physical activity

contributor: Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education

subject:
Youth--Drug use.
Youth--Alcohol use.
Youth--Psychology.
Youth--Attitudes.
Boredom.

abstract:
This study was a secondary analysis of data drawn from the Youth Leisure Study.
The purpose of the study was to: a) explore the relationships among physical activity, leisure
boredom, and various substance use variables; b) determine if leisure boredom moderated the
relationship among physical activity and substance use variables; and c) create a foundation
of knowledge with which to educate adolescents and educators of the importance of adopting
and maintaining a healthy lifestyle early in life (i.e., free from unhealthy behaviours such as
substance use and physical inactivity). Studies examining relationships among physical
activity and substance are limited and, in the past, have yielded inconsistent results.
The interaction of leisure boredom with physical activity intensity variables,
including both team and individual pursuits were tested using moderated hierarchical
regression procedures. Six measures of physical activity were used as independent variables,
including, frequency of high, medium, and low intensity individual and team physical
activities. Various types of substance use, including, tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol use,
binge drinking, and drunkenness were used as dependent variables.
The results for this study indicated that frequency of physical activity intensity was a
consistent, positive predictor of alcohol use and binge drinking, but not tobacco use,
marijuana use, or drunkenness. Leisure boredom was found to be a highly significant
predictor of tobacco use, however, it was not a moderator of relationships among physical
activity intensity and substance use variables.
The implications for the study findings, are discussed further, and suggestions for
future research are presented.


title: Reliability of a new measure of motoneuron excitability

subject:
Thesis (M.Sc.)--Brock University, 2003.
Motor neurons--Research--Methodology.
Neural networks (Neurobiology)

abstract:
Objectlve:--This study examined the intraclass reliability· of different measures of the
excitability of the Hoffmann reflex, derived from stimulus-response curves. The slope of the
regression line of the H-reflex stimulus-response curve advocated by Funase et al. (1994) was
also compared to the peak of the first derivative of the H-reflex stimulus-response curve
(dHIdVmax), a new measure introduced in this investigation. A secondary purpose was to explore
the possibility of mood as a covariate when measuring excitability of the H-reflex arc.
Methods: The H-reflex amplitude at a stimulus intensity corresponding to 5% of the
maximum M-wave (Mmax) is an established measure that was used as an additional basis of
comparison. The H-reflex was elicited in the soleus for 24 subjects (12 males and 12 females)
on five separate days. Vibration was applied to the Achilles tendon prior to stimulation to test
the sensitivity of the measures on test day four. The means of five evoked potentials at each
gradually increasing intensity, from below H-reflex threshold to above Mmax, were used to create
both the H-reflex and M-wave stimulus response curves for each subject across test days. The
mood of the subjects was assessed using the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES) prior
to the stimulation protocol each day.
Results: There was a modest decrease in all H-reflex measures from the first to third test day,
but it was non-significant (P's>0.05). All measures of the H-reflex exhibited a profound
reduction following vibration on test day four, and then returned to baseline levels on test day
five (P's<0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for H-reflex amplitude at 5% of
Mmax was 0.85. The ICC for the slope of the regression line was 0.79 while it was 0.89 for
dH/dVmax. Maximum M-wave amplitude had an ICC of 0.96 attesting to careful methodological
controls. The SEES subscales of fatigue and psychological well-being remained unchanged
IV
across the five days. The psychological distress subscale (P<O.05), as well as the amplitude of
the H-reflex_.at5% Mmax·(P<O.OI) showed a significant cubic trend across the live days. No
significant correlation was found between Hs% and psychological distress (P>O.05).
Conclusions: The peak of the first derivative of the H-reflex stimulus-response curve
(dH/dVmax) was shown to have comparable reliability and sensitivity to other more established
measures of excitability. Psychological distress and the amplitude of the H-reflex at 5% Mmax
follow similar trends across days, however there was no significant correlation between the two
measures.
Significance: The proposed method appears to be a more robust measure ofH-reflex
excitability than the other methods tested. As such it would be an advantageous method to apply
in clinical and investigative settings. Additionally, the results suggest that the relationship
between psychological distress and H-reflex amplitude should be investigated further.


Religion, sovereignty, and truth in the political philosophy of Hobbes


title: Reproduction in the temperate crayfish, Orconectes rusticus: intermale aggression, copulatary behaviour, and sperm competition

subject:
Crayfish--Physiology.
Orconectes rusticus.
Crayfish.

abstract:
The chelipeds of Orconectes rusticus are sexually
dimorphic; males possessing the larger. Males use their chelae in
intermale aggressive interactions, both to threaten, and assault
opponents. In dyadic interactions males with larger chelae were
dominant over otherwise physically similar opponents. A high
frequency of attack behaviour, coupled with a low frequency of
threats during these interactions indicates that actual physical
contact is required for opponent assessment.
Large clawed males oriented females into the copulatory
position faster than small clawed males. Females more
frequently escaped the precopulatory-grasp attempts of small
clawed males. Additionally, male-female pairs that included a
large clawed male remained in copula longer than pairs that
included a small clawed male. Sperm of the second male to mate
took precedence over the sperm of the primary male. Sperm
precedence was incomplete; about 900/0 paternity accrued to the
second male.


title: Reshaping government : an examination of values in the Canadian public service

subject: Civil service--Canada.

abstract:
It has become apparent, especially over the past decade, that
the services provided by government have not been meeting public
expectations. Canadians are calling not only for increased
efficiency in government but for, greater integri ty and greater
responsiveness to their needs as well. In large part because of
public concerns, not only in Canada but around the world, we have
witnessed a trend towards re-inventing public organizations.
Efforts to reshape and renew public organizations in Canada have
led these organizations to espouse new values such as innovation,
creativity and openness which have not traditionally been
associated wi th publ ic sector management and operations. Many
academics and practitioners are now arguing that a new paradigm of
public organization - the post-bureaucratic paradigm- is emerging
and that this development will bring about revolutionary change in
public sector management.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine both the traditional
and the new values of the public service to determine which values
will remain important in the years to come. Since many public
organizations are espousing values that have traditionally been
associated wi th business rather than public organizations, the
thesis compares the values currently espoused by public and
business organizations.
In addition, this thesis demonstrates that at the same time as
there has been a shift in public service values, there has been a
iii
related shift from the classical bureaucratic paradigm of public
organization toward a post-bureaucratic paradigm. The thesis
presents a new "value framework" so as to assist public
administrators to understand the changes that are taking place and
to provide a basis for further scholarly work in this area.
Much of the thesis is devoted to explaining the evolution from
the traditional public service values to a new set of values. One
of the major findings of the thesis is that several new values are
currently being espoused by public organizations and that most of
these new values are usually considered to be "business" values.
It is clear that the shift in public service values is paving the
way for a paradigm shift towards new forms of public sector
management and organization. The current value system in the
public sector is comprised of a blending of both traditional and
new values; this new set of values is central to efforts to renew
and reshape government.


title: Response rainbow trout (Salmon gairdneri) blood gas transport system to temperature, oxygen availability and photoperiod

subject:
Rainbow trout.
Blood gases.
Fishes--Effect of temperature on.
Oxygen in the body.
Photoperiodism.

abstract:
Hematological status in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, was
examined in relation to eight combinations of three environmental
fa ctors; temperature (5°, 20°C), oxygen availability «35%, >70%
saturation) and photoperiod (16L:8D, 8L:16D) and evaluated by 3-factor
analysis of variance. Hemog l obin and hematocrit , indicators of oxygenc
arrying capacity increased significantly at the higher temperature,
following exposure to hypoxia and in relation to reduced light period.
Significant variations in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
were not detected. The effects of temperature and oxygen availability
were more pronounced than that of photoperiod which was generally
masked. Although oxygen availability and photoperiod did not interact
with temperature, the interaction of the former fac tors was significant.
Elec trophoresis revealed twelve hemoglobin isomorphs. Relative concentration
changes were found in re lation to the factors c onsidered with
temperature>hypoxia>photoperiod. Howeve r , in terms of absolute
concentration, effects were hypoxia>temperature>photoperiod. Photoperiod
effects were again masked by temperature and (or) hypoxia. Red cell
+2
l eve ls of [CI ] and [Mg ], critical elements in the hemoglobin-oxygen
affinity regulating system, were also significantly altered. Red cell
CI
+2
was influenced only by temperature ; Mg by temper ature and oxygen.
No photoperiod influence on either ions was observed. Under nominal
'summer' conditions, these changes point to the likelihood of increases
in oxygen-c arrying c apac ity coupled with low Hb-02 affinity adjustments
which would be expected to increase oxygen delivery rates to their more
rapidly metabolising tissues.


title: Rhapsodes of social science : Herodotus' performance of politeic inquiry

subject:
Historiography.
Political science--Philosophy.

abstract:
Herodotus' logos represents many examples ofthe relationship between political and
paradigmatic authority, and the synthesis ofthese examples in a community characterized by free
and equal speech. Herodotus' walkabout narrator sets forth an inquiry into knowledge-seeking he
extends the isegoria principle from Athenian politics to the broader world. The History
demonstrates (a) various modes of constructing meaning, (b) interacting notions ofhow people
have lived and living questions as to how we ought to live, and (c) an investigation ofthe nature
and limits ofhuman knowledge. Representing diverse wisdom, publicly and privately discovered
and presented, Herodotus sets forth Solon's wise advice and law-making, the capital
punishment of the learned Anacharsis, the investigative outrages of Cambyses and
Psammetichus' more pious experiments. Their stories challenge and complement their
communities' characters - the relative constraint under which the Egyptians and Persians make
their investigations, the Scythians' qualified openness and the relative fearlessness and freedom
in which the Greeks set forth their inquiries.
Setting forth the investigator-storykeeper as a poetic historian, Herodotus shows that
history as poetry thwarts natural decay by allowing custom to be reformed in an open milieu,
and thus win through and survive. Despite the potential dangers that openness shares with
tyranny, Herodotus' inquiry sets up a contest ofworld-views in which it is mutability that
openness affords a community that ensures its survival.


title: Risk-taking behaviours in adolescent boys and girls : sexuality and dietary health

subject:
Teenagers--Health risk assessment.
Health behavior in adolescence.
Teenagers--Health and hygiene.
Teenagers--Sexual behavior.
Teenagers--Nutrition.

abstract:
This study examined adolescents' reported sexual and dietary health-risk behaviours and
perceptions. Specifically, this study analyzed the data of 600 students (300 male~ 300
female) in grades 9, I 1, and OAC (mean, standard deviation). The mean age of the
students in the sample is 16 with a standard deviation of 1.6. The study was a secondary
analysis ofthe first-year data of a 3-year longitudinal study conducted by Youth Lifestyle
Choices-Community University Research Alliance (YLC-CURA) on adolescents. To
explore sexuality and dietary health, this study purposefully selected sections of the
survey that represented sex and dieting behaviours of adolescents. Separate gender and
age data analyses revealed different patterns among the variables. Specifically., findings
revealed that adolescents who engaged in recent sexual activities were more likely to
have a relatively more positive body image perception and were relatively more likely to
engage in disordered eating. Across both genders and 3 age levels, adolescents reported
that despite their unhealthy dietary habits they felt that dieting was not a high-risk
behaviour. Results were discussed in terms of educational implication for sexual health
programs.


title: RNA-degrading activity associated with the ribosomes of spinach leaf chloroplasts /|nR. C. Howe. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject: Nucleoproteins. Spinach. Chromatophores.


title: Rotation-electronic interaction in the 3p-complex Rydberg state of water

subject:
Rotors.
Rotational motion.
Molecular rotation.
Water--Analysis.

abstract:
An energy theory is formulated for the rotational
energy levels in a p-complex Rydberg state of an asymmetric
top molecule of symmetry C2v. The effective Hamiltonian used
consists of the usual rigid rotor Hamiltonian augmented with
terms representing electronic spin and orbital angular
momentum effects. Criteria for assigning symmetry species
to the rotational energy levels, following Houganfs scheme
that uses the full molecular group,are established and given
in the form of a table. This is particularly suitable when
eigenvectors are calculated on a digital computer. Also,
an intensity theory for transitions to the Rydberg p-complex
singlet states is presented and selection rules in terms of
symmetry species of energy states are established. Finally,
applications to HpO and DpO are given.


title: School choice behaviour of independent school parents

subject:
School choice.
Private schools--Ontario.
Schools--Ontario.

abstract:
One hundred and thirty-three parents of students
new ~o ~ive independent schools in Ontario wer. surveyed
to inve~tigate school choice behaviour. Paren~s were
asKed to indicate their reasons for changing schooling,
~he criteria for selection o~ a school and the nature of
the search process. Parents were also asKed to ranK
speci~ic precipitants for change and criteria for
choice.
Spearman RanK Correla.tion tests were run comparing
precipitants for change and criteria for choice for the
entire sample and sub-groups based on socioeconomic
status, gender of the child and family size. No
signl~icant differences were found between the various
$ub-groups, however, there was a strong positive
correlation between precipitants for change and criteria
for choice.Chi sq,uare tests were run compa.ring the number of
information sources utilized in the search process, and
a comparison was made between the importance of the
va.rious sources of information. The majority of parents
were classified as ac~ive searchers, researching one
alternative more carefully than others. Socioeconomic
status was the only factor to have a sign ific:ant- effect
on the ranKing of information sources.


title: School integration and the friendships of youth with developmental disabilities

subject:
Inclusive education.
Teenagers with disabilities--Education.
Friendship in adolescence.

abstract:
- The present study was an investigation into the effect ofschool integration on the
friendships ofyouth with developmental disabilities and their peers without disabilities.
The youths, their parents, and their teachers provided insights into the youths'
friendships.
A qualitative paradigm was used in this research. The researcher guided the
collection and analysis ofthe data with the phenomenologicallifeworld existentials of
body, space, time, and human relation (Van Manen, 1990). Individual interviews were
conducted with each youth, and group interviews were conducted with each triad (a
youth, their parent(s), and their teacher) to discuss the youth's friendships and the
supports necessary to facilitate the friendships. Through phenomenological analysis of
the data, four thematic statements emerged: friendships are far from perfect, to have a
friend you have to be a friend, parents as choreographers offriendship, and teachers as
reluctant partners in friendship facilitation.
Based on the results ofthis study, it was concluded that the development of
friendships between youth with developmental disabilities and their peers without
disabilities was happening in integrated school settings. However, it was also evident that
the support ofteachers and parents alike were required to facilitate the development and
maintenance ofsuch friendships.
Recommendations for practice are discussed, including the need for active
participation by the youth's parents in the facilitation offriendships, and the use ofa
"circle offriends" to facilitate friendship development. Also discussed are the
recommendations for further research, including the need for the youth's friends to be
interviewed regarding their friendships with the youth with disabilities, and the need for
researcher observation ofth~ friendships in action. Further research could also explore
the role ofthe mother versus the father in facilitating friendships, and the role of
recreation and leisure opportunities in the ,development offriendships.


title: Seasonal variation in the reproductive biology of the ring -billed gull (Larus delawarensis)

subject: Ring-billed gull--Ontario--Gull Island.

subject: Ring-billed gull--Reproduction.

subject: Variation (Biology)--Ontario--Gull Island.

subject: Sea birds--Ontario--Gull Island.

abstract:
The reproductive biology of the Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis)
was studied on Gull Island, Presqu'ile Provincial Park, Ontario, in 1976
and 1977. Early started clutches (comprising the majority of clutches on
Gull Island) in 1977 produced more chicks per nest (2.20 ± 0.09) than late
started clutches (0.86 ± 0.13) as a result of reductions in mean clutch
size, hatching success and fledging success with date of clutch initiation.
Seasonal changes in mean clutch size, hatching success and fledging success
also resulted in early clutches, initiated at the peak of clutch starts,
producing more chicks per nest (2.34 ± 0.11) than either pre-peak
(2.13 ± 0.20) or post-peak (1.82 ± 0.29) clutches. Possible reasons for
these trends, including the observed predominance of immature plumaged,
breeding gulls in late started areas, are discussed.
Clutches were deserted at night for varying lengths of time from at
least 15 April until 10 May, 1977. It is suggested that this nocturnal
desertion behaviour resulted in the enhancement of inter- and intra-clutch
hatching synchrony in early started areas and further, that this may in
part explain the existence of the behaviour in terms of its adaptive
significance.


title: Seasonal variation in hatching pattern and chick survival in the ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis

subject: Ring-billed gull--Ontario--Port Colborne.

subject: Eggs--Incubation.

subject: Eggs--Hatchability.

subject: Variation (Biology)--Ontario--Port Colborne.

abstract:
The general objective of my study was to monitor proximate causes and
seasonal patterns of hatching asynchrony and chick survival in the Ring-billed Gull
(Larus delawarensis). Two different plots were set up at a Ring-billed Gull colony
near Port Colborne, Ontario in the summer of 1992. One group was from 'peak'
nesting pairs (clutches initiated between 15 April and 1 May); a second group was
from 'late' nesting pairs (clutches initiated between 9 .. 22 May). Despite equal
intra-clutch egg laying intervals between the peak and late periods, intra-clutch
hatching intervals lengthened as the season progressed (ie. hatching became
more asynchronous). Clutches from both periods were monitored for nocturnal
attendance and brood patch development of parents was monitored during the egg
laying period. Late nesters were characterized by an absence of nocturnal
desertion, substantial brood patch defeatheration at clutch initiation and a
reduction in the number of chicks fledged per pair. Chick survival to 25 days
(taken as fledging) reflected patterns of chick mass at brood completion and five
days post-brood completion, in peak clutches. In late clutches, survival was poor
for all chicks and, was partially independent of hatching order, due in part to
stochastic events such as Herring Gull predation and adverse weather. In both the
peak and late periods, last-hatched C-chicks realized the poorest survival to
fledging among brood mates.
An artificial hatching pattern (manipulated synchrony) and an artificial
hatching order were created, in three-chick broods, through a series of egg
exchanges. In peak and late clutches manipulated to hatch synchronously (s; 24
h): C-chick survival to fledging did not differ from the survival of A- and B-chicks, in
the peak period. In the late period, the survival of C-chicks was significantly lower
than that of A-chicks. In peak clutches manipulated such that chicks from last-laid
eggs (C-chicks) hatched 24 h - 48 h ahead of the A- and B- chicks, C-chick survival
was greater than in controls. Within those broods, C-chicks survived better on
average than both A- and B- chicks.


title: Sediment genotoxicity and its relationship to the frequency of chironomid labial plate deformities

subject: Genetic toxicology--Ontario--Welland River.

subject: Chironomidae--Ontario--Welland River.

subject: River sediments--Ontario--Welland River.

subject: Lips--Abnormalities.

abstract:
Sediment samples were taken from seven locations in the
WeIland River in December 1986 and April 1987. The DMSO extracts
of these sediment samples showed a significant (p<O.Ol) · genotoxic
effect for one location situated dir ectly below a polyvinyl
chloride plant's discharge pipe (station D-l) . It was concluded
that genotoxic contaminants were associated with the sediments
from this l ocation. Analysis of sediment samples from the nearby
station D-2 resulted in a significant (p <0 . 05) positive genotoxic
response in December but not in April.
Chironomids (midge larvae) taken from each of seven study
locations were analyzed for the frequency of chironomid labial
plate deformities (over 1000 individual specimens were observed) .
The samples from station D-l showed the highest frequency of
chironomid labial plate deformities (10 . 9% ± 3.2%), while samples
from the upstream control (station A) displayed t,he lowest
frequency of deformities (3.8% ± 1.3%). All samples were coded to
avoid unconscious biases .
The results of the genotoxicity study indicated that station
D-l in the WeIland River was contaminated with genotoxic
materials. The genotoxic materials may have induced the observed
increased frequency in chironomid labial plate deformities .
Samples from stations C and D-l, located in a downstream
portion of the river bounded by an industrialized area were
slightly toxic according to -the alkaline phosphatase inhib_ii~ion
component of the 50S chromotest analyses. The toxicity of these
samples was only evident once they had been activated by the 59 (liver extract) mixture.


title: Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Lower Silurian Grimsby formation, in subsurface, Lake Erie and Southwestern Ontario

subject:
Geology, Stratigraphic.
Sedimentology--Ontario--Grimsby Region.
Geology, Stratigraphic.
Sedimentology--Erie, Lake.

abstract:
Since the first offshore Lake Erie well was drilled in 1941, the Grimsby and
Thorold formations of the Cataract Group have been economically important to the oil
and gas industry of Ontario. The Cataract Group provides a significant amount of
Ontario's gas production primarily from wells located on Lake Erie.
The Grimsby - Thorold formations are the result of nearshore estuarine processes
influenced by tides on a prograding shelf and are composed of subtidal channel complexes,
discrete tidal channels, mud flats and non-marine deposits. Deposition was related to a
regressive - transgressive cycle associated with eustatic sea level changes caused by the
melting and resurgence of continental glaciation centred in Africa in the Late
Ordovician/Early Silurian. Grimsby deposition began during a regression with the
deposition of subtidal channel complexes incised into the marine deposits of the Cabot
Head Formation. The presence of mud drapes and mud couplets suggest that these
deposits were influenced by tides. These deposits dominate the lower half of the Grimsby.
Deposition continued with a change from these subtidal channel complexes to laterally
migrating, discrete, shallow tidal channels and mud flats. These were in turn overlain by
the non-marine deposits of the Thorold Formation. Grimsby - Thorold deposition ended
with a major transgression replacing siliciclastic deposition with primarily carbonate
deposition.
Sediment was sourced from the east and southeast and associated with a
continuation of the Taconic Orogeny into the Early Silurian. The fluvial head of the
estuary prograded from a shoreline that was located in western New York and western
Pennsylvania running NNE-SSW and then turning NW-SE and paralleling the present day
Lake Erie shoreline.
iii
The facies attributed to the Grimsby - Thorold formations can be ascribed to the
three zones within the tripartite zonation suggested by Dalrymple et ale (1992) for
estuaries, that is, a marine-dominated facies, a mixed energy facies, and a facies that is
dominated by fluvial processes. Also, sediments within the Grimsby - Thorold are
commonly fining upwards sequences which are common in estuarine settings whereas
deltaic deposits are normally composed of coarsening upwards sequences in a vertical
wedge shape with coarser material near the head. The only coarsening observed was in
the Thorold Formation and attributed to non-marine deposition by palynological evidence.
The presence of a lag deposit at the base of the sediments of the Grimsby Thorold
formations suggests that they were incised into the Cabot Head Formation.
Further, the thickness of Early Silurian sediments located between the top of the
Queenston Formation, where Early Silurian sedimentation began, to the top of the
Reynales - Irondequoit formation are constant whether the Grimsby - Thorold formations
are present or not. Also, cross-sections using a sand body located in the Cabot Head
Formation for correlation further imply that the Grimsby Formation has been incised into
the previous deposits of the Cabot Head.


title: Sedimentology and micromorphology of drumlin sediments at Chimney Bluffs State Park, New York, United States of America

subject: Drumlins--New York (State)--Chimney Bluffs.

subject: Sediments (Geology)--New York (State)--Chimney Bluffs.

abstract:
The drumlin sediments at Chimney Bluffs, New York appear to represent a block-inmatrix
style glacial melange. This melange comprises sand stringers, lenses and intraclasts
juxtaposed in an apparently massive diamicton. Thin section examination of these glacigenic
deposits has revealed microstructures indicative of autokinetic subglacial defonnation which
are consistent with a deformable bed origin for the diamicton. These features include banding
and. necking of matrix grains, oriented plasma fabrics and the formation of pressure shadows
at the long axis ends of elongate clasts. Preservation of primary stratification within the sand
intraclasts appears to suggest that these features were pre-existing up-ice deposits that were
frozen, entrained, then deposited as part of a defonning till layer beneath an advancing ice
sheet. Multi-directional micro-shearing within the sand blocks is thought to reflect the frozen
nature of the sand units in such a high strain environment.
It is also contended that dewatering of the sediment pile leading to the eventual
immobilisation of the defonning till layer was responsible for opening sub-horizontal fissures
within the diamicton. These features were subsequently infilled with mass flow poorly sorted
sands and silts which were subjected to ductile defonnation during the waning stages of an
actively deforming till layer. Microstructures indicative of the dewatering processes in the
sand units include patches of fine-grained particles within a coarser-grained matrix and the
presence of concentrated zones of translocated clays. However, these units were probably
confined within an impermeable diamicton casing that prevented massive pore water influxes
from the deforming till layer~ Hence, these microstructures probably reflect localised
dewatering of the sand intraclasts.
A layered subglacial shear zone model is proposed for the various features exhibited
by the drumlin sediments. The complexity of these structures is explained in terms of
ii
superposing deformation styles in response to changing pore water pressures. Constructional
glaciotectonics, as implied by the occurrence of sub-horizontal fissuring, is suggested as the
mechanism for the stacking of the sand intraclast units within the diamicton.
The usefulness of micromorphology in complimenting the traditional sedimentology
of glacigenic deposits is emphasised by the current study. An otherwise massive diamicton
was shown to contain microstructures indicative of the very high strain rates expected in a
complexly deforming till layer. . It is quite obvious from this investigation that the
classification of diamictons needs to be re-examined for evidence of microstructures that
could lead to the re-interpretation of diamicton forming processes.
RESUME
Le pacquet de sediments drumlinaire de Chimney Bluffs, New York, represent un
"bloc-en-matrice" genre de melange glaciale. Des structures microscopique comprennent
l'evidence pour la defonnation intrinseque attribuee a l'origine lit non resistant du drumlin.
PreselVation des structures primaires au coeur des blocs arenaces suggere que ceux sont des
depots preexistant qui furent geles, entraines et par la suite sedimentes au milieu d'une
couche de debris sous-glaciaires en voie de deformation. Des failles microscopiques a
l'interieur des blocs arenaces appuient aussi l'idee d'un bloc cohesif (c'est-a-dire gele) au
centre d'un till non resistant. Des implications significatives s'emergent de cette etude pour
les conditions sous-glaciaire et les processus de la formation des drumlin.


title: Sedimentology of the Sixteen Mile Creek Lagoon, Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, Canada

subject: Sediments (Geology)--Ontario--Sixteen Mile Creek.

subject: Lake sediments--Ontario--Sixteen Mile Creek.

abstract:
The effec s of relative water level changes in Lake
Ontario were detected in the ysical, chemical and biological
characteristics of the sediments of the Fifteen, Sixteen and
Twenty Mile Creek lagoonal complexes. Regional environmental
changes have occurred resulting in the following sequence of
sediments in the three lagoons and marsh. From the base up
they are; (I) Till,(2) Pink Clay, (3) Bottom Sand, (4) Gyttja,
(5) Orange Sandy Silt, (6) Brown Clay and (7) Gray Clay.
The till was only encountered in the marsh and channel;
however, it is presumed to occur throughout the entire area.
The presence of diatoms and sponge spicules, the vertical and
ongitudinal uniformity of the sediment and the stratigr ic
position of the Pink Clay indicate that it has a glacial or
post-glacial lacustrine origin. Overl ng the Pink Clay or Till
is a clayey, silty sand to gravel. The downstream fining and
unsorted nature of this material indicate that it has a
fluvial/deltaic origin. Water levels began rising in the lagoon
3,250 years ago resulting in the deposition of the Gyttja, a
brown, organic-rich silty clay probably deposited in a shallow,
stagnant environment as shown by the presence of pyrite in the
organic material and relatively high proportions of benthic
diatoms and grass pollen. Increase in the rate of deposition
of the Gyttja on Twenty Mile Creek and a decrease in the same
unit on Sixteen Mile Creek is possibly the result of a capture
of the Sixteen Mile Creek by the Twenty Mile Creek. The rise in
lake level responsible for the onset and transgression of this
III
unit may have been produced by isostatic rebound; however,
the deposition also corresponds closely to a drop in the level
of Lake Huron and increased flow through the lower lakes. The
o ange Sandy Silt, present only in the marsh, appears to be a
buried soil horizon as shown by oxidized roots, and may be the
upland equivalant to the Gyttja.
Additional deepening resulted in the deposition of Brown
Clay, a unit which only occurs at the lakeward end of the three
lagoons. The decrease in grass pollen and the relatively high
proportion of pelagic diatoms are evidence for this. The
deepening may be the result of isostatic rebound; however, the
onset of its deposition at 1640 years B.P. is synchronous in
the three lagoons and corresponds to the end of the subAtlantic
climatic episode. The effects of the climatic change in
southern Ontario is uncertain. Average deposition rates of the
Brown Clay are similar to those in the upper Gyttja on Sixteen
Mile Creek; however, Twenty Mile Creek shows lower rates
of the Brown Clay than those in the upper Gyttja. The Gray Clay
covers the present bottom of the three lagoons and also occurs
in the marsh It is inter1aminated wi sand in the channels.
Increases in the rates of deposi ion, high concentrations of Ca
and Zn, an Ambrosia rise, and an increase in bioturbation
possibly due to the activities of the carp, indicate th this
unit is a recent deposit resulting from the activities of man.


title: Selected aspects of common tern reproductive biology

subject:
Terns.
Common tern.
Water birds--Erie, Lake.

abstract:
Several factors influencing reproductive success were investigated
at a Common Tern colony at Port Colborne, Ontario in 1976. In general
three egg clutches hatched better than two egg clutches and early
started clutches hatched eggs and fledged chicks better than late
clutches; the fledging success of two and three egg clutches was similar.
Early clutches took longer to hatch and hatched more synchronously
than did late clutches. While hatching success differed with nesting
substrate used fledging success' did not* No relationship was found
between either incubation attentiveness and reproductive success or
between incubation attentiveness and clutch size* At no time did
food availability appear to be a factor limiting the successful
upbringing of two chick broods. While fCf chicks (i.e. chicks hatching
from the last laid eggs of three egg clutches) generally survived and
grew poorly relative to their brood mates they grew best when they
originated from clutches that hatched relatively asynchronously.


title: Selected aspects of the breeding biology of two Lake Erie herring gull colonies

subject:
Herring gull.
Birds--Erie, Lake--Nests.
Birds--Behavior--Erie, Lake.

abstract:
Aspects of the breeding biology of two Lake Erie
Herri ng Gull colonies were studied in 1975 and 1976. In 1976 the
incubation attention given 2-egg and 3-egg clutches initiated early
and late in the season was measured. Brood size at one colony was
artificially increased or decreased by addition of chicks shortly
after hatching.
Hatching success was not consistently re~ated to clutch
size but early nesters were more successful than late nes'ters. Differences
in hatching success between 2-egg and 3-egg clutches were a function
of the time of clutch initiation with the clutch size having the
greater proportion of its nests initiated early in the season being
more successful.
The incubation attentiveness of parents of 2-egg and
3-ev,g , and early and late clutches was similar. Most nests were
incubated greater than 95% of the time although t heir hatching
success was similar ' to those incubated less than 75% of the time.
Fledging success, chick growth and weight at fledging
were similar among broods of one, two and three chicks and artificially
increased broods of four and five chicks. Fledging success was
highest for o.e chick broods reduced from two and three chick
broods.


title: Selected topics in fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry a)specially designed probe tips and ion generation, b)structures of vitamin B6 schiff base complexes

subject:
Mass spectrometry.
Vitamin B6.
Schiff bases.

abstract:
This thesis can be broken down into two sections. Section one is a
study . of the ionization mechanisms and the ion source optimization for
Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) ionization. For this study, several specially
designed probe tips were created and tested under various experimental
conditions. The aIm of this section is to understand the operating
characteristics of a FAB IOn source better.
The second section involves the study of several Vitamin B6 Schiff Base
complexes using both positive and negative ion FAB MS. This section is an
exploration of the usefulness of FAB MS as a structure probe for the metalcoordination
complexes of Vitamin B6.


title: Self-directedness, personality type and success in self- employment

subject:
Autonomy (Psychology)
Personality.
Typology (Psychology)
Self-employed--Psychology.

abstract:
The new economy has spirited a transformation ofwork organizations from big
business structures into smaller, more flexible enterprises, many of which are
launched as self-employment initiatives. The growing trend towards increasing selfemployment
in Canada demands aeritical review of how educational programs
support and encourage entrepreneurship and self-employment opportunities for
students ofpost-secondary and adult training programs.
The focus ofthis study was threefold. First, the study examined whether a
relationship exists between self-directedness and success in self-employment.
Secondly, the purpose of this research was to determine whether a relationship
exists between psychological type as defined by Jung and success in selfemployment.
Finally, this research effort attempted to develop a model for
identifying individual potential for self-employment based on combined factors of
self-directedness and psychological type.
Success was measured in three stages: 1) Did the subject start a selfemployment
initiative? 2) Did the business survive six months? 3) Did the
business survive one year? The research went beyond classroom training activities
to determine whether individuals actually started a business enterprise while
participating ina self-employment program designed for individuals who were
unemployed. Given that many people initiate a self-employment venture.without actually operating the business beyond the initial start-up, this research effort
measured success based on a commitment of at least one year to the selfemployment
initiative.
Results ofthe study revealed that individuals with a high level of selfdirected
learning readiness tended to be more likely to succeed in business in terms
ofbusiness starts, survival for six months, and survival for one year.
In addition, it was discovered that individuals who were extraverted intuitive types
succeeded more often in business at all three levels than any other type. These
findings supported a model using the SDLRS and the PET Type Check as
predictors for success in entrepreneurial ventures.


title: Sentence combining and thinking : a study of adult ESL learners

subject: English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers.

subject: Adult education.

subject: English language--Written English.

subject: English language--Composition and exercises--Study and

abstract: This paper begins by outlining the development of the thesis question from the classroom concerns of a teacher and the broad theoretical questions ofa  graduate student to the preliminary selection of method. Sentence combining is chosen to represent the writing process in a form suitable for introspective study through think-alound activities.


title: Set-up and evaluation of a mid-infrared reflectometer and investigation of the optical properties of doped tin telluride

subject:
Tellurium--Optical properties.
Tin--Optical properties.
Reflectometer.

abstract:
A system comprised of a Bomem interferometer and a LT3-110 Heli-Tran cryostat
was set up to measure the reflectance of materials in the mid-infrared spectral region.
Several tests were conducted to ensure the consistency and reliability of the system. Silicon
and Chromium, two materials with well known optical properties were measured to
test the accuracy of the system, and the results were found to be in good agreement with
the literature.
Reflectance measurements on pure SnTe and several Pb and Mn-doped alloys were
carried out. These materials were chosen because they exhibit a strong plasma edge in
the mid infrared region. The optical conductivity and several related optical parameters
were calculated from the measured reflectance. Very low temperature measurements
were carried out in the far-infrared on Sn9SMn2Te, and the results are indicative of a spin
glass phase at 0.8 K.
Resistivity measurements were made at room temperature. The resistivity values
were found, as expected, to decrease with increasing carrier concentration and to increase
with increasing manganese concentration.


title: Sex chromosome translocation and speciation : a Drosophila genetic model

subject:
Sex chromosomes.
Genetic translation.
Drosophila.
Drosophila melanogaster.
Genetics--Mathematical models.
Evolution.

abstract:
Although exceptions may be readily identified, two
generalizations concerning genetic differences among species may
be drawn from the available allozyme and chromosome data.
First, structural gene differences among species vary widely.
In many cases, species pairs do not differ more than intraspecific
populations. This suggests that either very few or no gene substitutions
are required to produce barriers to reproduction
(Avise 1976). Second, chromosome form and/or number differs
among even closely related species (White 1963; 1978; Fredga 1977;
Wright 1970). Many of the observed chromosomal differences involve
translocational rearrangements; these produce severe fitness depression
in heterozygotes and were, thus, long considered unlikely candidates
for the fixation required of genetic changes leading to
speciation (Wright 1977). Nonetheless, the fact that species
differences are frequently translocational argues convincingly
for their fixation despite prejudices to the contrary.
Haldane's rule states that in the F of interspecific crosses,
the heterogametic sex is absent or sterile in the preponderance
of cases (Haldane 1932). This rule definitely applies in the genus
Dr°sophila (Ehrman 1962). Sex chromosome translocations do
not impose a fitness depression as severe as that imposed by autosomal
translocations, and X-Y translocations may account for
Haldane's rule (Haldane 1932). Consequently a study of the fit ness parameters of an X·yL and a yS chromosome in Drosophila
melanogaster populations was initiated by Tracey (1972).
Preliminary results suggested that x.yL//YSmales enjoyed a mating
advantage with X·yL//X·yL females, that this advantage was
frequency dependent, that the translocation produced sexual
isolation and that interactions between the yL, yS and a yellow
marker contributed to the observed isolation (Tracey and Espinet
1976; Espinet and Tracey 1976). Encouraged by the results of
these prelimimary studies, further experiments were performed
to clarify the genetic nature of the observed sexual isolation,
S the reality of the y frequency dependent fitness .and the behavioural
changes, if any, produced by the translocation. The results of
this work are reported herein.
Although the marker genes used in earlier studies, sparkling
poliert an d yellow have both been found to affect activity,but
only yellow effects asymmetric sexual isolation. In addition
yellow effects isolation through an interaction with the T(X-y)
chromosomes, yS also effects isolation, and translocational
strains are isolated from those of normal karyotype in the
absence of marker gene differences. When yS chromosomes are in
competition with y chromosomes on an X.yL background, yS males
are at a distinct advantage only when their frequency is less
than 97%. The sex chromosome translocation alters the normal
courtship pattern by the incorporation of circling between
vibration and licking in the male repertoire. Finally a model of
speciation base on the fixation of this sex chromosome translocation
in a geographically isolated gene pool is proposed.


title: Sex education for individuals who have a developmental disability : the need for assessment

subject: Sex instruction for people with mental disabilities.

subject: Developmentally disabled--Education.

abstract:
This study was an evaluation of the sexual knowledge of individuals who have '"a
developmental disability and the effect of sex education. This was also a pilot study
involving the evaluation of the Socio-Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Assessment Tool
(SSKAAT; Griffiths & Lunsky, in press). This tool is a revised version of the Socio-Sexual
Knowledge and Attitudes Test (SSKAT; Wish, Fiechtl McCombs, & Edmonson, 1980).
Thirty-two individuals participated in the study (20 males and 12 females), who were
receiving supports from local community agencies. Participants were assessed using the
SSKAAT and SSKAT in an initial assessment and in a 6-week follow-up. Sixteen
participants received a 6-week sex education program, Life Horizons I and II (Kempton &
Stanfield, 1988a, 1988b), between the assessments, while 16 participants served as a control
group. It was found that sex education was successful at increasing knowledge regarding
sexuality, as demonstrated by increased scores on both the SSKAT and SSKAAT. However,
the current study did not demonstrate any significant effect of gender on knowledge about
sexuality. It was also found that IQ did not have a significant effect on knowledge regarding
sexuality. The present study found the SSKAAT to be very reliable, with test-retest
reliabilities ranging from .87 to .99. This appeared to be an improvement over the original
SSKAT, whose reliability ranged from .72 to .90. Furthennore, the revised SSKAAT was
fOlmd to provide a much more in-depth assessment of sexual knowledge and attitudes for
individuals who have a developmental disability.


title: Sexual behavior and factors affecting female reproduction in house and field crickets

subject:
Crickets--Behavior.
Reproduction.
Sexual behavior in animals.

abstract:
The objective of this investigation was to clarify the
adaptive significance of female sexual behaviours in the house
cricket, Acheta domesticus, and the Texas field cricket, Gryllus
integer. Experiments were focussed primarily on: nutritional
factors affecting female reproductive success; the ontogeny of
female sexual behaviours; female mating frequency and progeny
production; and the pattern of sperm competition.
Reproduction of singly mated female A. domesticus assigned
to 3 nutritional regimes was compared . Females fed a vitamin
and protein-enriched mouse chow, cannibalistic females, and
starved females produced on the average, 513 , 200 and 68 offspring,
respectively. Cannibals probably could not obtain the same amounts
of essential nutrients as females fed mouse chow. Reabsorption
of oocytes was likely the major factor contributing to the
decreased reproduction of starved females. In addition, female
!. domesticus fed mouse chow, but allowed constant access to
males produced 11 times as many offspring than did females fed
corn meal. Females fed corn meal probably could not absorb or
synthesize enough dietary lipids, thus resulting in poor ovariole
growth.
Female !. domesticus first mate at an average adult age
of 7 days, closely corresponding to when they first exhibit
positive phonotaxis. Females mate repeatedly and often consume the externally attached spermatophore. In ~. domesticus, females
allowed constant access to males produced significantly more
offspring than did single maters. Similarly, doubly mated G.
integer females produced more offspring than did single maters.
This difference resulted largely from the failure of many single
maters to reproduce. Remating by female crickets partly functions
in offsetting the possibility of a failed initial mating. Nymph
production increased significantly with the time the spermatophore
was attached in singly mated ~. domesticus. Spermatophore
consumption by the female was not affected by male guarding
behaviour, and the interval between mating and eating of the
spermatophore may often be shorter than the time required for
maximum insemination. Some degree of sperm depletion in singly
mated !. domesticus and G. integer may have occurred. The
patterns of daily offspring production of singly and multiplymated
females suggests that a factor provided by a male during
mating stimulates female oviposition and/or egg production. Female
crickets also might acquire nutrition from spermatophore consumption,
a benefit that is augmented by female multiple mating. The
electrophoretic examination of various allozymes in ~. integer
did not permit determination of a pattern of sperm competition.
However, the possibility of last male sperm predominance is
related to male guarding behaviour.


title: Sexual selections in the northern fall field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus: a manipulation of the adult sex ratio

subject:
Gryllus pennsylvanicus.
Crickets--Behavior.
Sexual selection in animals.

abstract:
The operational sex ratio has long been considered an important
constraint on the structure of mating systems. The effects of an
experimentally manipulated sex ratio on mating behavior and
selection were investigated in a polygynous species, Gryllus
pennsylvanicus, where the potential exists for spatial/temporal
fluctuations in sex ratio of field populations. Four different sex ratios
(males: females, 5:0, 5:2, 5:5, 5:10) were investigated. Observations
were conducted in late summer over two field seasons, from 2400 h ,
to 1000 h EST. Several male characters thought to be associated with
male reproduc.tive success were studied: calling duration, searching
distance, weight, fighting behavior, courtship frequency, and mating
success. Variance in male mating success was used as the indicator
for the opportunity for sexual selection. Total selection was estimated
as the univariate regression coefficient between relative fitness and
the character of interest, while direct selection was estimated as
standardized partial regression coefficients generated from a
multiple regression of relative fitness on each character. The
opportunity for sexual selection was highest at 5:2 and lowest at
5:10. The frequency of fighting behavior was highest at 5:2 and 5:5.
Fighting ability (% wins) was determined to be an important
correlate of male body weight. Direct selection for increased male
body weight was detected at 5:2, while total selection for body
weight was seen at 5:5. Selection on male body weight was not
detected at 5: 10. Calling duration decreased as sex ratio became more
female-biased. Total and direct selection were detected for increased
calling at 5:2, only total selection for calling was seen at 5:5, whereas
direct selection against calling was detected at 5: 10. Searching
distance also decreased as sex ratio became more female-biased,
however no form of selection was detected for searching at any of
the sex ratios. Data are discussed in terms of sexual selection on male
reproductive tactics, the mating system and maintenance of genetic
variation in male reproductive behavior.


title: Shop-floor narratives : how six workers and a researcher describe learning activities

subject:
Employees--Training of|vCase studies.
Experiential learning|vCase studies.
Non-formal education|vCase studies.

abstract:
I am a part-time graduate student who works in industry. This study is my
narrative about how six workers and I describe shop-floor learning activities, that is
learning activities that occur where work is done, outside a classroom. Because this study
is narrative inquiry, you wilileam about me, the narrator, more than you would in a more
conventional study. This is a common approach in narrative inquiry and it is important
because my intentions shape the way that I tell these six workers' stories.
I developed a typology of learning activities by synthesizing various theoretical
frameworks. This typology categorizes shop-floor learning activities into five types: onthe-
job training, participative learning, educational advertising, incidental learning, and
self-directed learning. Although learning can occur in each of these activities in isolation,
it is often comprised of a mixture of these activities.
The literature review contains a number of cases that have been developed from
situations described in the literature. These cases are here to make the similarities and
differences between the types of learning activities that they represent more
understandable to the reader and to ground the typology in practice as well as in theory.
The findings are presented as reader's theatre, a dramatic presentation of these
workers' narratives. The workers tell us that learning involves "being shown," and if this
is not done properly they "learn the hard way." I found that many of their best case
lean1ing activities involved on-the-job training, participative learning, incidentalleaming,
and self-directed learning. Worst case examples were typically lacking in properly
designed and delivered participative learning activities and to a lesser degree lacking
carefully planned and delivered on-the-job training activities.
Included are two reflective chapters that describe two cases: Learning "Engels"
(English), and Learning to Write. In these chapters you will read about how I came to see
that my own shop-floor learning-learning to write this thesis-could be enhanced
through participative learning activities. I came to see my thesis supervisor as not only
my instructor who directed and judged my learning activities, but also as a more
experienced researcher who was there to participate in this process with me and to help
me begin to enter the research community.
Shop-floor learning involves learners and educators participating in multistranded
learning activities, which require an organizational factor of careful planning
and delivery. As with learning activities, which can be multi-stranded, so too, there can
be multiple orientations to learning on the shop floor. In our stories, you will see that
these six workers and I didn't exhibit just one orientation to learning in our stories. Our
stories demonstrate that we could be behaviorist and cognitivist and humanist and social
learners and constructivist in our orientation to learning. Our stories show that learning is
complex and involves multiple strands, orientations, and factors. Our stories show that
learning narratives capture the essence of learning-the learners, the educators, the
learning activities, the organizational factors, and the learning orientations. Learning
narratives can help learners and educators make sense of shop-floor learning.


title: Simultaneous extraction of order parameters and orientational distribution fuctions from 31[superscript]P NMR spectra of magnetically partially oriented phospholipid bilayers

subject: Phospholipids.

subject: Bilayer lipid membranes.

subject: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

abstract:
Order parameter profiles extracted from the NMR spectra of model membranes are a valuable
source of information about their structure and molecular motions. To al1alyze powder spectra
the de-Pake-ing (numerical deconvolution) ~echnique can be used, but it assumes a random
(spherical) dist.ribution of orientations in the sample. Multilamellar vesicles are known to deform
and orient in the strong magnetic fields of NMR magnets, producing non-spherical orientation
distributions. A recently developed technique for simultaneously extracting the anisotropies
of the system as well as the orientation distributions is applied to the analysis of partially
magnetically oriented 31p NMR spectra of phospholipids. A mixture of synthetic lipids, POPE
and POPG, is analyzed to measure distortion of multilamellar vesicles in a magnetic field. In
the analysis three models describing the shape of the distorted vesicles are examined. Ellipsoids
of rotation with a semiaxis ratio of about 1.14 are found to provide a good approximation of
the shape of the distorted vesicles. This is in reasonable agreement with published experimental
work. All three models yield clearly non-spherical orientational distributions, as well as a precise
measure of the anisotropy of the chemical shift. Noise in the experimental data prevented the
analysis from concluding which of the three models is the best approximation. A discretization
scheme for finding stability in the algorithm is outlined


title: Sinister creativity: a phenomenological exploration of some of the experiences and perceptions of six lefthanded visual artists

subject:
Artist
Visual
Left- and right-handedness
Left and right (Psychology)

abstract:
Six lefthanded artist-educators were interviewed to attempt to
discover any patterns t6 their perceptions and experiences. Artists have
their own culture and priorities. According to the literature, lefthanded
people appear more likely to suffer from dyslexia, allergies, asthma and
other auto-immune diseases as well as machinery and equipment injuries.
Patterns emerging suggested that lefthanded people indeed suffer
more from dyslexia. More startling was the distinct possibility that many
artists have traumatic childhood histories. This would commonly include
negative school experiences, and for a significant number sexual assault,
perceived or actual abandonment by parents, and/or consistently low selfesteem.
The researcher discovered possible reasons why creative people
frequently have problems at school, why they tend to be rebellious and
anti-establishment oriented, how many of them perceive societal rules, and
why they are more likely to be lefthanded. These characteristics all have
significant implications for art school administrators.


title: Size regulation of double and half embryos in the mice musculus

subject: Embryology--Mammals. Mice.

abstract:
Genetic chimeras made by aggregating early mouse embryos have many
uses in developmental biology and have also provided insights into embryonic
growth regulation. There is an indication that the embryo can regulate for
an increase in size because although aggregation chimeras are twice as big
as normal embryos when made, they are born of normal size. Upward regula.....
tion of size reduced embryos is also possible. Half embryos made by the
isolation or destruction of one of the blastomeres of a 2-cell embryo are
also born of normal size. Little is known about the timing or the mechanism
of this size regulation. In this study, the timing of size regulation in
double and half embryos was clearly established by comparison of cell
numbers derived from serial reconstruction of light microscope sections of
control and experimental embryos. It was shown that size regulation in
double embryos occurred around 6dl6h and in half embryos by 7dOh. Size regulation
occurred in all tissues at the same time indicating a single control
mechanism for the entire embryo.
More detailed examination of the growth of double embryos revealed
that size regulation occurred by alteration in cell cycle length~ No
excessive cell death was found in double embryos compared to the controls and
continuous labelling with [3H] thymidine showed no large non-dividing cell
population in double embryos. However, a comparison of the mitotic index of
double and control embryos after colcemid treatment, revealed a large
difference between the two around 5dl6h to 6d16h. During this period,
control embryos underwent a proliferative burst not shown by the double
embryos. The mechanism for cell cycle control is not clear; it may be
intrinsic to the embryo or determined by the uterine environment.
Evidence was found suggesting that differentiation in the postimplantation
embryo was cell number dependent. The timing of differentiative
events was examined in half, double and control embryos. Proamnion formation,
which occurs prior to size regulation, occurs at the same cell number but
at different times in the three groups of embryos. However mesoderm which
appears after size regulation was seen at the same time in all grollps of
embryos.


title: Sol-gel routes to supported Friedel-Crafts alkylation catalysts

subject:
Friedel-Crafts reaction.
Colloids.
Zeolites.
Alkylation.

abstract:
Aluminosilicate catalysts containing supported ZnCl2 and metal fluoride salts have
been prepared using a sol-gel based route, tested and characterized. The activities of these
ZnCl2 + metal fluoride catalysts, while greater than "Clayzic" (ZnCI2 supported on
montmorillonite KIO) are not as good as supported ZnCl2 only supported on aluminosilicate.
Alumina supports have also been prepared via a sol-gel route using various chemical
additives to generate a mesoporous structure, loaded with ZnCl2 and tested for activity. The
activities for these alumina-supported catalysts are also significantly higher than that of
"Clayzic", an effective Friedel-Crafts catalyst. Characterizations of these two types of
catalysts were done by magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, diffuse reflectance infrared
(DRIFT) spectroscopy and additionally for the alumina nitrogen adsorption studies were
done. Supported aluminum trichloride was also investigated as an alternative to the
traditional use of aluminum trichloride.


title: Solid state NMR chemical shifts as an alternative to diffraction data in the determination of SIC polytypic structures

subject:
Silicon carbide.
Nuclear magnetic resonance.
Diffraction.
Solid state chemistry.

abstract:
Silicon carbide, which has many polytypic modifications of a very simple and
very symmetric structure, is an excellent model system for exploring, the
relationship between chemical shift, long-range dipolar shielding, and crystal
structure in network solids. A simple McConnell equation treatment of bond
anisotropy effects in a poly type predicts chemical shifts for silicon and carbon sites
which agree well with the experiment, provided that contributions from bonds up
to 100 A are included in the calculation. The calculated chemical shifts depend on
three factors: the layer stacking sequence, electrical centre of gravity, and the
spacings between silicon and carbon layers. The assignment of peaks to lattice sites
is proved possible for three polytypes (6H, 15R, and 3C).
The fact that the calculated chemical shifts are very sensitive to layer spacings
provides us a potential way to detennine and refine a crystal structure. In this work,
the layer spacings of 6H SiC have been calculated and are within X-ray standard
deviations. Under this premise, the layer spacings of 15R have been detennined.
29Si and 13C single crystal nmr studies of 6H SiC polytype indicate that all
silicons and carbons are magnetically anisotropic. The relationship between a
magnetic shielding tensor component and layer spacings has been derived. The
comparisons between experimental and semi-empirical chemical shielding tensor
components indicate that the paramagnetic shielding of silicon should be included in
the single crystal chemical shift calculation.


title: Solute effects on the production and decay of primary species in the flash photolysis of indole

subject:
Indole.
Solution (Chemistry)
Electrons.

abstract:
Maximum production rates ofs and decay kinetics for the hydrated
electron, the indolyl neutral radical and the indole triplet state
have been obtained in the microsecond, broadband (X > 260 nm) flash
photolysis of helium-saturated, neutral aqueous solutions of indole,
in the absence and in the presence of the solutes NaBr, BaCl2*2H20
and CdSCV
Fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetimes have also been
obtained in the absence and in the presence of the above solutes,
The hydrated electron is produced monophotonically and
biphotonically at an apparent maximum rate which is increased by
BaCl2*2H20 and decreased by NaBr and CdSOif. The neutral indolyl
radical may be produced monophotonically and biphotonically or strictly
monophotonically at an apparent maximum rate which is increased by
NaBr and CdSO^ and is unaffected by BaCl2*2H20. The indole triplet
state is produced monophotonically at a maximum rate which is
increased by all solutes.
The hydrated electron decays by pseudo first order processes,
the neutral indolyl radical decays by second order recombination and
the indole triplet state decays by combined first and second order
processes.
Hydrated electrons are shown to react with H , H2O, indole, Na
and Cd"*""1"". No evidence has been found for the reaction of hydrated
electrons with Ba . The specific rate of second order neutral indolyl radical recombination is unaffected by NaBr and BaCl2*2H20, and
is increased by CdSO^. Specific rates for both first and second order
triplet state decay processes are increased by all solutes.
While NaBr greatly reduced the fluorescence lifetime and emission
band intensity, BaCl2*2H20 and CdSO^ had no effect on these parameters.
It is suggested that in solute-free solutions and in those
containing BaCl2*2H20 and CdSO^, direct excitation occurs to CTTS states
as well as to first excited singlet states. It is further suggested
that in solutions containing NaBr, direct excitation to first excited
singlet states predominates. This difference serves to explain
increased indole triplet state production (by ISC from CTTS states) and
unchanged fluorescence lifetimes and emission band intensities in the
presence of BaCl2*2H20 and CdSOt^., and increased indole triplet state
production (by ISC from S^ states) and decreased fluorescence lifetime
and emission band intensity in the presence of NaBr.
Evidence is presented for
(a) very rapid (tx ^ 1 us) processes involving reactions of the
hydrated electron with Na and Cd which compete with the reformation
of indole by hydrated electron-indole radical cation recombination, and
(b) first and second order indole triplet decay processes involving
the conversion of first excited triplet states to vibrationally excited
ground singlet states.


title: Some aspects of the chemistry of Reissert compounds / |nDurga Prasad Aysola. -- 260 St. Catharines [Ont. : s. n.],

subject:
Reissert compounds.
Isoquinoline.

abstract:
1-(0- and m-Ohlorobenzoyl)isoquinolines have been synthesized by
two routes involving Reissert compounds. One route involves condensation
of 2-benzoyl-l,2-dihydroisoquinaldonitrile with the appropriate
chlorobenzaldehyde and the second involves rearrangement of the
appropriate Z-(chlorobenzoyl)-l,Z-dihydroisoquinaldonitrile under
basic conditions. The action of potassamide in anhydrous liquid ammonia
on both ketones gave unexpectedly N-(l-isoquinolyl)benzamide (67)
as the major product and the use of dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether 98%
substantially improved the yd..e.ld in the case of l-chloroketone. This
amide (67) exhibits unusual hydrogen bonding.
1-(o-chlorobenzoyl)-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline (79) was prepared in
very s,amll quantities by the route involving condensation of 2-benzoyll,
Z-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinaldonitrile with o-chlorobenzaldehyde.
The poor yields are due to the instability of the anion of 2-benzoyl1,
Z-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinaldonitrile. Attempted preparation of
the ketone (79) by rearrangement of 2-(o-chlorobenzoyl)-l,2-dihydro6,7-
dimethoxyisoquinaldonitrile under basic conditions yielded the
start~ng material (Reissert compound) and 6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline.
The action of potassamide in anhydrous liquid ammonia on
l-(o-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)isoquinoline (85), which was prepared
by the route involving the condensation of 2-benzoyl-l,4-dihydroisoquinaldonitrile
with o-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, gave two products,
which have not yet been identified. The ketone (85) and its precursors
are interest~ng in that their 20 eV and 70 eV mass spectra do not show
molecular ions.


title: Some aspects of the chemistry of 1, 3, 4 - Thiadiazolium salts and related compounds

subject: Salts. Thiadiazole.

abstract:
The work described in this thesis has been divided into seven
sections. The first section involves the preparation of N'-acyl-N'-arylN-
benzothiohydrazides by the acylation of N'-aryl-N-benzothiohydrazides
and is followed by a brief discussion of their possible conformation in
solution.
The second section deals with the preparation of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium
salts by the action of perchloric acid/acetic anhydride on N'-acylN'-
aryl-N-benzothiohydrazides and also by the reaction of N'-arylN-
benzothiohydrazides with nitriles in an acidic medium. The preparation
of 2-methylthio-I,3,4-thiadiazolium methosulfate by methylating the
corresponding thione is also described.
The third section deals with the reaction of 2-phenyl- and
2-methyl-I,3,4-thiadiazolium salts with alcohols in the presence of base.
The stability and spectra of these compounds are discussed. Treatment
of the 2-methyl-I,3,4-thiadiazolium salt with base was found to give
rise to a dimeric anhydrobase and evidence supporting its structure is
given. The anhydrobase could be trapped by a variety of acylating and
thioacylating agents before dimerization occurred.
In the fourth section, the reaction of N'-acyl-N'-aryl-N-benzothiohydrazides
with a variety of acid anhydrides is described. These
compounds were found to be identical with those obtained by acylating
the anhydrobase. The mass spectral fragmentation of these compounds is
described and the anomolous product obtained upon thiobenzoylation of
3-methyl-l-phenyl-pyrazal-5-one is also discussed.
The fifth section deals with thioacyl derivatives of the anhydrobase
which were prepared by the action of phosphorus pentasulfide upon the
oxygen analogues and also obtained as the major product of the reaction
of thioacetic acid with compounds related to N'-aryl-N-benzothiohydrazides.
The mass spectra and p.m.r. spectra of these compounds are discussed.
In the sixth section, the reaction of the 2-methylthio-l,3,4-
thiadiazolium salt with active methylene compounds to give acyl and
diacyl derivatives of the anhydrobase is described. Some aspects of
these compounds are discussed.
The seventh section describes the synthesis of ncyanine~' type dyes
incorporating the l,3,4-thiadiazole ring and their spectra are briefly
discussed.


title: Some electrical properties of semi-conductor crystals / |nPhyu Phyu Khin. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject:
Crystals--Electric properties.
Semiconductors.

abstract:
SiC and AtB 12 have been prepared and their resistivities and Hall
voltages measured.
The resistivities and Hall voltages were measured by the Van der
Pauw's method, using spring loaded tungsten contacts. In this method, the
major requirement is to have samples of plane parallel surfaces of arbitrary
shape with four small contacts at the circumference.
Similar measurements were made with a number of SiC crystals
obtained from the Norton Research Corporation (Canada)-Ltd., Carolina
Aluminum Co., Exolon Co. and Carborundum Co.
It was found that resistivity, carrier concentration and mobility
of ions depend on the type of impurity.
AtB 12 was prepared from the melt containing At and B in the ratio
of 4:1. They formed amber-colour pseudo tetragonal crystals. As the
crystals obtained were small for electrical measurements, hot pressed lumps
have been used to measure their resistivity.


title: Specific heat of UPdâ   Siâ

subject:
Specific heat.
Crystals at low temperatures.
Low temperatures.

abstract:
The specific heat of single-crystal U Pd2 Si2 has been studied using both the step heating
and continious heating methods for the temperature range 2 to 250 K. Successive phase
transitions at Tl = 136I< and T2 = 108I< are reported, which are consistent with current
publications. The transition at 40K, which was previously reported, has not been
detected. Recent published elastic neutron scattering data, magnetic susceptibility and
resistivity results suggest that U Pd2 Si2 may be a heavy fermion compound, however,
the electronic specific heat coefficient I (= 18.97 ;~), obtained from the specific heat
Cv measurements, is smaller than that of the conventional heavy fermion system. The
Debye temperature of U Pd2Si2 is found to be 116.55K. The possibility is discussed that
the maximum in CIT in the low-temperature range 2 to 4K corresponds to Schottky
anomaly induced by localized magnetic impurities .


title: Spelling performance of third grade students : a comparison of whole-language-plus-strategy instruction, strategy instruction only, and the whole language approach

subject: English language--Orthography and spelling--Study and

abstract:
This study investigated three methods for teaching children how to spell.
Third grade students were divided into three conditions for a one-week
training period consisting of 15- to 20-minute lessons. One of the two
experimental conditions used a whole language approach along with explicit
strategy instruction. The second condition used strategy instruction within a
traditional setting. The control used strictly a whole language approach to
le~ing hO\\l to spell. The spelling perfonnance of all three conditions
improved after the one-week training period. However, students in the
strategy instruction groups did significantly better on the study "'7ords than
the whole language only group. The students in whole-Ianguage-plusstrateg)!
instruction outperformed both other groups. Significantly better
spelling perfonnance was observed even at the nine-week posttest. This
study frrst supported the hypothesis that children can make significantly
greater improven1ents in their spelling when explicitly taught how to use
spelling strategies. Secondl)', this study indicated that whole language
provided a relevant context for the study words, clearly giving the students in
the whole-Ianguage-plus-strategy condition an additional advantage.


title: Sperm utilization patterns in Gryllus integer (orthoptera: gryllidae

subject:
Crickets.
Orthoptera.
Gryllus integer.
Semen.

abstract:
Sperm competition is the competition for fertilizations between
ejaculates, within a female, following multiple mating. There are
four sperm utilization or precedence patterns: first male precedence,
where the first male to mate fertilizes most of the eggs laid by a
female; last male precedence, where the last male to mate fertilizes
most of the eggs laid by a female; "all-or-none" pattern, where sperm
from either male fertilizes all the eggs laid by a female but which
male's sperm that is used is random; or sperm mixing, where sperm from
each male is used equally in fertilizing eggs laid by a female.
Intermediate utilization patterns are also possible. Sperm
competition occurs in a wide variety of insect species as well as
other animals. This study was undertaken to study sperm competition
in the field cricket, Gryllus integer. Four experiments were
conducted: a radiation and sterilization experiment, a diapause
experiment, and 2 competition experiments. It was found that 7,000
rad of gamma radiation sterilized adult ~ integer males. There was
no diapause in the laboratory in ~ integer eggs. In the first
competition experiment, three groups of females were used: females
mated with a normal male, then with a second normal male (NN group);
females mated with a normal male, and then with a sterile male (NR
group); and females mated with a sterile male, and then with a normal
male (RN group). The results obtained from this experiment showed
that the mean proportion of eggs hatched was significantly different
between 3 groups of females, with the proportion hatched much greater
in the NN group than in either the NR or RN groups. The pattern for
the proportion of eggs hatched following a double mating most closely
resembled a pattern expected if sperm mixing is occurring. Results
obtained in the replicate competition experiment showed that the mean
proportion of eggs hatched for the females in the NR group was
significantly lower than the proportion hatched in the other two
groups. This also supports a model of sperm mixing as a precedence
pattern. Values calculated following Boorman and Parker (1976), for
the proportion of eggs fertilized by the second male to mate following
a double mating, were 0.57 in competition experiment 1 and 0.62 in the
replicate. These values indicate that sperm mixing occurs in~
integer.


title: Stolen past: Shattered futures, aboriginal justice in Canada

subject: Indians of North America--Canada.

subject: Criminal justice, Administration of--Canada.

abstract:
It is acknowledged that Canada's criminal justice system has some major
flaws, particularly with respect to its application to various ethnic subgroups.
Aboriginal Canadians are one subgroup particularly sensitive to the problems in the
system as is reflected by their disproportionately high rates of criminality and
incarceration.
Over the past 50 years many programs have been developed and
recommendations have been made to alleviate the tensions Aboriginals find within
the system. However, the situation today is essentially the same. Aboriginals are
still overrepresented within the system and solutions that have been brought
forward have had little success in stemming their flow into the system.
Blame for Aboriginal mistreatment in the system has been placed at all
levels from line police officers to high-level officials and politicians and attempts
to resolve problems continue as an on going process. However, many of the
recommendations and reforms have revolved around culture conflict. Although
this thesis recognizes the importance of culture conflict in the overrepresentation of
Aboriginals within the Canadian criminal justice system, it has also recognized that
culture conflict alone is not responsible for all the flaws within the system as it
pertains to Aboriginals.
This thesis is of the opinion that in order for reforms to the criminal justice
system to be successful, the context in which the system is operating must also be
considered. Variables such as geographic isolation, economic disparity and
social/political stability are viewed as operating in conjunction with culture,
ultimately influencing Aboriginal treatment within the system.
The conclusions drawn from this study confirm that when these factors
operate together, the overrepresentation of Aboriginals within the Canadian
criminal justice system is inevitable. Thus all three variables, culture conflict
(social/political stability being part), geographic isolation and economic disparity
must be address within the system if any significant changes in the crime rates or
incarceration rates of Aboriginals is to be expected.
In addition, primary research indicated the influence of cooperation as a
factor in moderating the effects of criminality; not just cooperation among
Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals, but also cooperation among differing Aboriginal
communities. It was argued that when all these issues are addressed, Aboriginal
peoples in Canada will have the strength to repair their shattered futures.


title: Strong hydrogen bonding in organic synthesis

subject:
Organic compounds--Synthesis.
Hydrogen bonding.

abstract:
The preparation of phenacyl and para-phenylphenacyl esters, the
reactions of carboxylic acids, phenols, 2-nitropropane and alcohols with
alkyl halides in the presence of fluoride anion are described. The
reactions are thought to be accelerated by the formation of hydrogen bonds
between the fluoride anion and the organic electron acceptor. The fluoride ,carboxylic
acids, fluoride-phenols and fluoride-2-nitropropane are better
reaction systems than the fluoride-alcohol. The source of the fluoride
anion and the choice of solvents are also discussed.


title: Structural effects of neutral lipids on the divalent cation-induced interactions of phosphatidylserine - containing bilayers

subject:
Bilayer lipid membranes.
Lipids.
Phospholipids.
Phosphatidylserine.

abstract:
As Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine (PS) are known to induce the adhesion of bilayer vesicles and
form collapsed multibilayer structures in vitro, it was the aim of this study to examine how
that interaction and the resultant structures might be modified by neutral lipid species. X-ray
diffraction data from multilamellar systems suggest that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and
diacylglycerol (DG) might be in the collapsed phase up to a concentration of -30 mole % and
that above this concentration these neutral lipids may modify Ca2+-induced bilayer
interactions. Using large unilamellar vesicles and long incubations in excess Ca2+ to ensure
equilibration, similar preliminary results were again obtained with PC, and also with
phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). A combination of X-ray diffraction, thin-layer
chromatography, density gradient centrifugation and freeze-fracture electron microscopy, used
in conjunction with an osmotic stress technique, showed that (i) -30 mole % PC can be
accomodated in the Ca(DOPS)2 phase; and (ii) higher PC levels modify Ca2+-induced bilayer
interactions resulting in single lamellar phases of larger dimension and reduced tendency for
REV collapse. Importantly, the data suggest that PC is dehydrated during the rapid collapse
process leading. to Ca(DOPS)2 formation and exists with this dehydrated phase. Similar results
were obtained using PS isolated from bovine brain. Preliminary studies using two different
phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species indicated accomodation by Ca(DOPS)2 of -25-30 mole
0/0 PE and bulk phase separation, of species favouring a non-bilayer phase, at higher levels.
Significantly, all PS/PE vesicles appear to undergo a complete Ca2+-induced collapse, even with
contents of up to 90 mole % PE. These data suggest that PE may have an important role in fusion
mechanisms in vivo. In sum the data lend both structural and stoichiometric evidence for th~
existence of laterally segregated neutral lipid molecules within the same bilayers as PS domains
exposed to Ca2+.


title: Student perceptions of the writing process

subject: Creative writing (Higher education)--Study and teaching.

subject: Second language acquisition.

subject: Personality assessment.

abstract:
Based on the critical research paradigm and using a mix of methodologies, this
study examined student perceptions of the process approach used to teach writing.
A class of 19 ESL students in an academic writing class at a small university
paliicipated in the study. As collaborators in the study, they assessed their
personality types using the PET Type Check (Crantoll & Knoop, 1995) and tlleir
learning styles using Kolb'sLearning Styles Inventory (1976). Interviews,
classroom observations, and journals provided a data base for case studies llilQ
teacher reflection. Results indicated that students perceived the prewriting step of
brainstonning and peer review as most useful. Student perceptions of the tasks
and course and implications for theory and practice are examined.


title: Students' knowledge about tobacco one year after receiving the PAL smoking prevention program

subject:
Tobacco use--Treatment.
Youth--Tobacco use.

abstract:
A review of literature revealed that the control of cigarette smoking could do more to
improve health than any other single action in the field of preventive medicine. In
Ontario, since 1989, both Public Health Units and Boards ofEducations have been
mandated to provide educational studies related to tobacco use prevention. Even given
this fact, there has been an increase in smoking behaviQurs at an earlier age and in
females in particular.
Smoking prevention progralns must use the most effective means to assist students
to obtain the knowledge and skills required to remain or becom'e nonsmokers. In the
Niagara Region, PAL smoking prevention programs are offered in some, but not all,
schools. As a form of program evaluation, this research sought to determine if students
who had PAL could answer correctly a greater number of smoking-related questions than
students who did not have this program. Findings reported that students who had PAL in
Grade 6 were able to correctly answer more knowledge-based questions (at a statistically
significant level), could provide ways to refuse cigarettes at a greater rate, and were able
to provide more reasons for remaining nonsmokers. Students who had smoking
prevention programming re,ported smoking behavio'urs at a lower rate than those who did
not receive this type of program.


title: Studies in the synthesis of 4, 5-disubu/stituted phenanthrenes /|nK. Ramakrishnan. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject: Phenanthrene.

abstract:
The work described in t his thesis was initiated with
the intention of exploring new routes for the synthesis of
certain 4, 5-disubstituted phenanthrenes. A series of reactions
have been investigated in detail and several 4, 5-disubstituted
phenanthrenes have been prepared. Some of the methods employed
were novel and the yields of products were comparable or even
better than the existing routes .
A major observation made during the course of this
work was the stability of the seven-membered ring system
bridging the 4 and 5 positions of the phenanthrene nucleus .
It has been found t hat the unbridged structures are not preferred
if the compound is capable of isomerising to a bridged form .
We have explained this phenomenon in t erms of the stereochemistry
of t he 4 and 5 positions of the phenanthrene nucleus
as well as the geometry of the bridge .
Low temperature NMR studies have been carried out to
investigate the conformations of the benzylic hydrogens of
some of the 4,5-bridged compounds. However, the results were
not conclusive as more than one reason could be attributed
t o the observations .


title: Studies of nucleophilic attack on tris (pentafluorophenyl) phosphine and its oxides

subject:
Pentafluorophenylphosphine.
Fluorine compounds.
Organofluorine compounds.

abstract:
The reaction of tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine [5] with the
nucleophiles dimethyl formamide (DMF), hexamethylphosphoric triamide
(HMPA), diethyl formamide (DEF), hexaethylphosphoric triamide (HEPA),
hydrazine, N,N-dimethyl hydrazine (in presence and/or absence of KF),
phenylhydrazine, ammonium hydroxide, formamide, aniline, sodium
hydrogen sulfide, and hexaethylphosphorous triamide was investigated.
The reaction of [5] with DMF and HMPA gave the same product,
namely tris-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl]phosphine
[12] but in higher yield in the case of HMPA. Compound (5] also
reacted with DEF to give tris[4-(N,N-diethylamino)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl]
phosphine [14]. When [51 was treated with HEPA, it gave a
mixture of bis(pentafluorophe~yl)-(N,N-diethylamino-tetrafluorophenyl)phosphine,
pentafluorophenyl-bis-(N,N-diethylamino-tetrafluorophenyl)phosphine
and tris (N,N-diethylamino-tetrafluorophenyl)phosphine.
Treatment of [5] with aqueeus hydrazine solution in excess ethanol gave
tris(4-hydrazo-2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)phosphine [1s1 in high yield
while reaction with aqueous hydrazine led to C-P cleavage and
production of tetrafluorophenyl hydrazine. With N,N-dimethyl hydrazine,
[5] gave tris(4-N,N-dimethylhydrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl) phosphine
{20j. The latter could be obtained in higher yield and shorter reaction
time, by the addition of KF. The reaction of compound {51 with phenylhydrazine
in THF gave bis(pentafluorophe~yl)-4-S-phenylhydrazino-
2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl phosphine [22] in low yield. Reaction of
[5] with ammonium hydroxide in THF at high pressure in the presence of
KF gave tris-~4-amino-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)phosphine [25].
Similarly, formamide led to a mixture of (C6F4NHZ)3P, (C6F4NHZ)ZPC6FS,
(C6F4NHZ)ZPC6F4NHCHO, and C6F4NHZP(C6Fs)(C6F4NHCHO). When [5] was
treated with aniline, a mixture of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted
products was obtained. Sodium hydrogen sulfide in ethylene glycol/
pyridine led to C-P cleavage and the isolation of pentafluorobenzene
and tetrafluorothiophenol.
Reaction of [5] and its oxide [35] with different alkoxides in
the corresponding alcohols led mainly to C-P bond cleavage products,
with the exception of one case where sodium methoxide was used in ether,
and which led to tris-(4-methoxy-2,3,9,6-tetrafluorophenyl)phosphine
[37].
On the basis of various spectroscopic data, it was concluded that
the para position in compound [5] was generally the favoured site of
attack.


title: Studies of some cocondensations of nickel atoms with unsaturated organic ligands and with mixed ligand systems

subject: Nickel. Ligands. Condensation. Cryochemistry.

abstract:
The cocondensation of nickel with a number of
unsaturated ligands was studied, as was the cocondensation
with a number of mixed ligand systems.
Enamines were found not to react with nickel while
acrylonitrile was polymerized.
In the mixed ligand syst.ems different products were
obtained than when the ligands were cocondensed individually.
Cocondensations of benzyl halide/allyl
halide mixtures gave unstable products that were not
observed when the halides were cocondensed individually.
The effect of Kao-Wool insulation on nickel/benzyl
halide cocondensations was found to be significant.
Kao-Wool caused the bulk of the benzyl halide to be polymeri
zed to a number of poly-benzylic species.
An alkali metal reactor was designed for the evaporation
of sodium and potassium atoms into cold solutions of
metal halide and an or ganic substrate. This apparatus
was used to synthesize Ni(P¢3 )3' but proved unsuccessful
for synthesizing a nickel-enamine compound.


title: Studies of tetrahedral haloboron cations of pyridines and aliphatic tertiary amines

subject:
Amines.
Cations.
Aliphatic compounds.
Pyridine.
Boron.

abstract:
The preparation of the haloboron cations D2BF2 + and
DD'BF 2+, where D=R3N or a pyridine, has been systematically
. 19 11 studied uS1ng F and B n.m.r. Both types of amines form
numerous difluoroboron cations by heavy halogen displacement
from D.BF 2X (X=CI,Br) adducts. Previously, D.BFX2 (X=CI,Br)
adducts of aliphatic tertiary amines were unreactive towards
cation formation. However, with the more-reactive pyridines,
D.BFX 2 adducts formed new monofluoroboron cations D2BFX+
In non-fluorinated D.BX Y3 systems for n -n
both pyridines and R3N, haloboron cations of type D2BX2 + and
D2BXY+ can be similarly prepared.
FAB-MS studies of ionic salts of our haloboron cations
resulted in m/z peaks characteristic of D2 BX2 + and its
f ragmentation products. These results s upport our n.m.r.
solution s t u d ies.
Pairwise interaction n . m.r . parameters for tetrahedral boron
halide species were def i ned, then used to assist confirmation of
our haloboron cations.


title: Studies on oxamyl : analytical method development and investigation of fate in peach seedlings and corn seeds

subject:
Oxamyl.
Seed pathology.
Peach--Diseases and pests.
Corn--Diseases and pests.
Pesticides.
Liquid chromatography.

abstract:
A high performance liquid chromatographic method employing
two columns connected in series and separated~y·a.switching
valve has been developed for the analysis of the insecticide/
nematicide oxamyl (methyl-N' ,N'-dimethyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)
oxy]-l-thiooxarnimidate) and two of its metabolites.
A variation of this method involving two reverse phase columns
was employed to monitor the persistence and translocation of
oxamyl in treated peach seedlings. It was possible to
simultaneously analyse for oxamyl and its corresponding oxime
(methyl-N',N'-dimethyl-N-hydroxy-l-thiooxamimidate}, a major
metabolite of oxamyl in plants, without prior cleanup of the
samples. The method allowed detection of 0.058 pg oxamyl and
0.035 p.g oxime. On treated peach leaves oxamyl was found to
dissipate rapidly during the first two-week period, followed
by a period of slow decomposition. Movement of oxamyl or its
oxime did not occur in detectable quantities to untreated
leaves or to the root or soil.
A second variation of the method which employed a size
exclusion column as·the first column and a reverse phase
column as the second was used to monitor the degradation of
oxamyl in treated, planted corn seeds and was suitable for
simultaneous analysis of oxamyl, its oxime and dimethylcyanoformamide
(DMCF), a metabolite of oxamyl. The method
allowed detection of 0.02 pg oxamyl, 0.02 p.g oxime and
0.005 pg DMCF. Oxamyl was found to persist for a period of
5 - 6 weeks, which is long enough to permit oxamyl seedtreatment
to be considered as a potential means of protecting
young corn plants from nematode attack. Decomposition was found to be more rapid in unsterilized soil than in sterililized
soil.
DMCF was found to have a nematostatic effect at high
concentrations ( 2,OOOpprn), but at lower concentrations
no effect on nematode mobility was observed. Oxamyl, on the
other hand, was found to reduce the mobility of nematodes
at concentrations down to 4 ppm.


title: Studies on the insecticide - nematicide-oxamyl and its quantitative determination by gas chromatographic method

subject:
Insecticides.
Nematocides.
Oxamyl.
Gas chromatography.

abstract:
Ox amyl , an insecticide/nematicide with the chemical name;
methyl ~'. ~·-dimethyl-~-(methylcarbamoyl)oxy-l-thiooxamimidate,
and its major degradation compound; oxime or oximino compound,
methyl ~',~'-dimethyl-~-hydroxy-l-thiooxamimidate were studied
in this work. NMR and mass spectrometry were utilized in the
structural studies. An attempt was made to explain the fragmentation
patterns of some major peaks in the mass spectra
of oxamyl and oxime.
A new gas chromatographic method for the detection and
determination of submicrogram levels of intact oxamyl using a
electron-capture detector was developed. The principle of this
method is to produce a derivative which is highly sensitive
to an electron-capture detector. The derivative described is
dinitrophenyl methylamine( DNPMA ) • Experimental conditions
such as pH , reaction temperature , reaction time, the
amount of reagent ( Dinitrofluaro benzene) etc. were thoroughly
investigated and optimized. This method was successfully applied to the determination of oxamyl residues in tobacco
leaves and soil.
Throughout this J9D:oject , thin layer chromatography
was also used in the separation:and clean up of
oxamyl and oxime samples.


title: Study of heat capacity measurement methods for small samples

subject:
Steel--Heat treatment.
Heat.

abstract:
Methods of measuring specific heats of small samples were
studied. Three automated methods were explored, two of which
have shown promising results. The adiabatic continuous heating
method, has provided smooth well behaved data but further work is
presently underway to improve on the results obtained so far .
The decay method has been success fully implemented demonstrating
reasonable agreement with accepted data for a copper test sample.