title: Herd prevalence and incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae in Prince Edward Island and evaluation of the effectiveness of an eradication extension program

contributor: Spangler, Elizabeth (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Donald, Alan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Long, Ray (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ogilvie, Tim (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 175 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Agriculture, Animal Pathology

abstract: The first two objectives of the study were to establish the herd prevalence and incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis in the Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) dairy industry. The third and fourth goals were to quantify the effectiveness of an intensive "on farm" and a less intensive "mail out" extension protocol. An attempt was also made to identify the management procedures which affected herd level eradication of S. agalactiae.

abstract: The herd prevalence and incidence of mastitis caused by S. agalactiae were determined during December, 1992 and June, 1994. At each census, bulk tank milk samples from all dairy herds (n = 452) in P.E.I. were tested on two separate occasions.

abstract: Herd level infection with S. agalactiae was associated with milk quality penalties and elevated bulk tank somatic cell count, a surrogate measure of production loss. Evaluation of the previously negative herds (December, 1992) in June, 1994 yielded an estimate of the incidence of 3.51 new herd infections per 100 herds per year.

abstract: Herds in the "on farm" program were 4.62 times more likely to eradicate S. agalactiae than the positive control herds. Path analysis, using information generated from a survey of study herds, revealed that, in general, herds that eradicated S. agalactiae did so by following a particular pathway which included participation in the extension program, consultation with udder health professionals, and whole herd milk cultures. The effectiveness of the "mail out" extension effort was not statistically different than the "on farm" program. However, because of the small number of herds in each group, the study had limited power to discern a difference, if, in fact, there was one. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 34-01, page: 0191.

abstract: Adviser: I. R. Dohoo.


title: Hippocampal changes following low dose administration of a kainate receptor agonist during development

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor: Bate, Luis (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Racine, Ronald (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sims, David (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 216 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Neuroscience

abstract: Abstract not available.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-08, Section: B, page: 4654.


title: Homecare:  One woman's journey

contributor:
Begley, Lorraine (author)
Brookes, Anna-Louise (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 119 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Gerontology
Women's Studies
Sociology, Public and Social Welfare

abstract: Contemporary social policy compels seniors who require assistance with personal or household tasks to obtain help from 'the community'---a term that most often means 'women' family members. Much is written about 'caregiver burden' but little research explores the experiences of older women who are the recipients of home care. Using narrative inquiry methodology and a life history framework, a senior woman home care recipient on Prince Edward Island, Canada, was interviewed over a span of 4 months in 2005 creating a total of 10 hours of audio taped interviews. Interviews were analysed using a critical inquiry approach embodying a feminist and political economy perspective. Data were analysed throughout the interview process and understandings emerged about how care and care needs were negotiated and managed. Exploring Aronson's (2000) 3 images available to older women, this research seeks to expand on the image of 'managing'---resistance to 'being managed'---and extend the notion of 'work' involved in staying in charge of everyday life. Work is examined under 3 concepts, managing, controlling, and raging. Social policy with its reliance on family as care givers is an inadequate response that entraps and marginalizes women both as caregivers and as care recipients. Care recipients engage in work that involves resistance and raging against injustice in their daily practice of negotiating homecare. Rage as resistance is an appropriate response to the experience of marginalization and silencing among older women care recipients. Angry seniors is an image that claims rage as a legitimate force; it is an image of older women that calls for reconstruction and research to uncover its legitimate power in the daily lives of care recipients.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1199.


title: Host-parasite relationships of Loma salmonae and its salmonid host during microsporidial gill disease of salmonids

contributor: Markham, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Miller, Lisa (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnson, Gerald (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lumsden, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 225 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Cell
Biology, Parasitology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The host-parasite relationships of Loma salmonae in salmonids were investigated to better understand the pathogenesis of Microsporidial gill disease of salmonids (MGDS) in order to propose treatments for the disease. The intracellular development of two variants of L. salmonae, OA with host specificity for rainbow trout and SV with host specificity for brook trout, was examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The two variants demonstrated ultrastructural differences in their developmental stages and in mature spores. During development within the host cell the parasites appeared to use host cell endoplasmic reticulum to derive an outer parasite membrane and a parasitophorous vacuole membrane. These findings support the hypothesis that L. salmonae development is aided by the intracellular process of autophagy. MGDS is associated with a severe inflammatory response. To better understand the inflammatory responses and pathology in farmed Chinook salmon affected by MGDS, moribund Chinook salmon in British Columbia were sampled from a farm during an outbreak of MGDS and examined with TEM. The findings demonstrated both early parasite stages and late parasite stages within the gills of individual fish, suggesting protective immunity was not generated. Some xenomas appeared to be undergoing degeneration, although host inflammatory cells were not observed within the xenoma. Acute host responses included infiltration with neutrophils, which phagocytosed spores without subsequent degeneration, and vascular thrombosis; chronic host responses included infiltration with macrophages, which degenerated the parasite, accompanied by neovascularization. Cells that resembled mammalian dendritic cells were found within acute lesions associated with the rupture of xenomas within the farmed Chinook salmon and in experimentally infected rainbow trout. These dendritic-like cells contained unique granules that strongly resembled Birbeck granules in mammalian Langerhans cells. Further studies to identify this cell type in salmonids demonstrated that the dendritic-like cells were present in immune organs of healthy rainbow trout, brook trout, and Atlantic salmon. The cells in healthy fish were most commonly identified in the spleen, and were present in lower numbers in the head kidney. With the suggestion that farmed Chinook salmon do not have an efficient protective immune response in their second year in the oceans, it was hypothesized that farm related stress could ablate the adaptive immune response. To test this, a stress model using dexamethasone (dex) treatment in experimentally infected rainbow trout was used. Dex treatment diminished the innate immune response to the parasite resulting in 5-fold heavier infections in non-immunized fish. Dex did not affect the adaptive response though, and it was demonstrated that fish which have generated a protective immune response could not be infected by rechallenge to the parasite during treatment with heavy doses of dex. With the severe inflammatory response associated with MGDS, the efficacy of indomethacin was tested in experimentally infected rainbow trout. Chronic drug treatment caused perforations within the anterior intestine and granulomatous peritonitis. The treatment did not affect parasite clearance, healing of the tissue, and it did not seem to reduce inflammatory lesions in the rainbow trout model. In the indomethacin treated fish a more pronounced eosinophilic granular cell (EGC) response was observed.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-08, Section: B, page: 4546.


title: Identification of a pseudopterosin-producing bacterium from the octocoral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae and discovery of inhibitors of tunicate larval settlement

contributor: Saleh, Tarek M (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kerr, Russell G (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Davidson, Jeffery (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Etkin, Nola (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lewis, Jeffery P (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Zhang, Junzeng (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 229 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Chemistry, Organic
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The pseudopterosins are a group of amphilectane diterpene glycosides isolated from the octocoral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae in several locations of the Caribbean. These compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities equivalent to the industry standard, indomethacin. Pseudopterosins have been used as additives in skin care products for the past 12 years and one analog has completed Phase I and II clinical trials as a topical anti-inflammatory agent. While today the only source of pseudopterosins is from wild harvesting of P. elisabethae, we are interested to exploring an alternate source to addressing general supply issues. The overall goal of this research was to identify a bacterium associated with the octocoral P. elisabethae for the source of pseudopterosin biosynthesis. Prior to identifying the bacterium, we investigated the pseudopterosin production in mixed bacterial cultures isolated from the octocoral  P. elisabethae. The pseudopterosin production in a mixed bacterial culture was confirmed by LC-MS/MS, UV, 1H-NMR and HRESIMS data. A mixed bacterial culture was chosen to purify for a pseudopterosin-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PS137). The evidence for the pseudopterosin production in the pure bacterial culture was LC-MS/MS, UV, 1H-NMR and LC-HRESMS data. In addition to these data, the transformation of 13C- enriched terpene precursors to pseudopterosins provided the confirmation of pseudopterosin biosynthesis in the pure bacterial culture.

abstract: Due to invasive fouling species, especially the solitary vase tunicate  Ciona intestinalis, which cause negative impacts to the Prince Edward Island (PEI) mussel industry, the overall goal of this research was to discover antifouling agents from marine organisms in order to provide a possible solution to the problem. A lab-based antifouling assay for the C. intestinalis  larvae was developed and used to screen extracts of marine organisms. To avoid a lack of supply in the development of such compounds, the marine organisms which are abundant in PEI waters were chosen as the focus. A mixture of monoalkylglycerol ether lipids and a digalactosyl monoacylglycerol lipid (DGMG) with antifouling activity against the C. intestinalis larvae were isolated from the violet tunicate Botrylloides violaceus  and the green alga Ulva lactuca, respectively. Their structures were characterized using spectroscopic techniques.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: B, page: 3629.

abstract: Adviser: Russell G. Kerr.


title: Identification of immunoreactive protein encoding genes of the fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis and evaluation of their use in genetic vaccination

contributor: van Muiswinkel, Willem (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ikede, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hammell, Larry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lewis, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 187 electronic application/pdf

subject: Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

subject: Health Sciences, Immunology

abstract: Since the emergence of Piscirickettsia salmonis in the late 1980's, it has become a major disease issue in the salmonid aquaculture and no effective control measures are currently available. As a potential vaccination strategy, genetic or DNA vaccines offer great promise. They function by carrying the gene coding for a protective antigen on a plasmid into the host cells where the antigen is produced by the cells themselves. These vaccines mimic the pathway by which antigens from intracellular pathogens are normally presented to the immune system. To develop a DNA vaccine for P. salmonis , genes coding for potentially protective antigens had to be identified although very little is known about the genetic makeup of this pathogen. The most appropriate way to identify protective genes was by generating an expression library of the entire genome of P. salmonis and screening this library with anti-P. salmonis rabbit antiserum. To obtain large amounts of P. salmonis for genomic DNA extraction and antigen production, the growth in culture of P. salmonis had to be optimized. To follow the course of infection of P. salmonis  in CHSE-214 cell culture a sandwich ELISA (s-ELISA) was developed using rabbit anti-P. salmonis antiserum to capture  P. salmonis and monoclonal 10E6.6C5 for detection. This s-ELISA proved to be both sensitive and practical. The optimum time to harvest P. salmonis culture was determined to be 10 days post inoculation, with the fastest increase in antigen levels between day 6 and 7. P. salmonis  genomic DNA without contaminating CHSE-214 DNA was obtained by treating purified P. salmonis with DNaseI to remove CHSE-214 DNA before  P. salmonis lysis and DNA purification. Genomic DNA was used to generate an expression library in the λZapExpress vector. By screening approximately 18,000 clones, 41 immuno-reactive clones were identified. Inserts from these clones were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Ten open reading frames (ORFs) were assigned putative functions by comparing deduced amino acid sequences to sequences available in Genbank. Five clones were selected for showing homologies to promising targets for the immune system. Putative functions of these five ORFs were: (1) the 17 kDa surface antigen from the spotted fever group rickettsia; (2) transposase; (3) ATP binding cassette type transporter; (4) Preprotein translocase subunit SecA; and (5) amino acid transporter. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: B, page: 4346.

abstract: Advisers: R. J. F. Markham; S. R. M. Jones.


title: Ikayuqatigiinuk: Working together for a common goal

contributor: Gabriel, Martha (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 103 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Bilingual and Multicultural

abstract: By way of introduction I will explain the title I have chosen for my thesis. Ee-kay-ook-at-ee-gee-nik is a concept the Inuit practice similar to a group of people working together for a common goal. It is a concept that includes the idea of organizing groups to learn how to improve situations or to solve problems rather than individuals working in isolation or at odds with each other. It coincides with my idea of what it is to be Inuit. It incorporates the values and beliefs of the Inuit culture and it speaks to the fact that Inuktitut is not just a language but a way of being.

abstract: This thesis represents a critical narrative, an autobiographical reflection on my teaching in the north. I chose critical narrative because I wanted to present my story, but within a framework that touches upon academia. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 42-02, page: 0374.

abstract: Adviser: Fiona O'Donaghue.


title: Immune based detection of Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in dogs and molecular characterization of the antigen

contributor: Cawthorn, Rick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Stryhn, Henrik (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Chilton, Neil (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnson, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 156 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Molecular
Biology, Parasitology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Angiostrongylus vasorum (French heartworm) is a metastrongylid nematode which infects the pulmonary artery and right ventricle of wild and domestic canids and can lead to fatal cardiopulmonary disease in infected dogs. In North America, there is an endemic focus of infection in Newfoundland, Canada. Diagnosis is made by detection of first-stage larvae by Baermann fecal examination, however, fecal diagnosis can lack sensitivity due to intermittent shedding of larvae. In this study we developed serological tests to detect French Heartworm similar to those used for the diagnosis of North American Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection. An initial attempt to use an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to the parasite was confounded by significant cross-reactivity to antigens of Crenosoma vulpis, which is a metastrongylid nematode that is also common in Atlantic Canada. We therefore developed a sandwich ELISA to detect circulating antigens of A. vasorum using rabbit polyclonal antiserum prepared against whole-worm adult antigen. A test positive cut-off value and test sensitivity and specificity were determined by two-graph receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis using sera from 24 Baermann positive A. vasorum dogs from Newfoundland and sera from 52 Baermann negative A. vasorum dogs from non endemic areas. An optical density of 0.19 was used as the positive cutoff and the test specificity was 100% with a sensitivity of 92%. Furthermore, sera from 30 Crenosoma vulpis positive dogs were tested and found to be negative on the sandwich ELISA. A survey of dogs from Newfoundland with signs of cardiopulmonary disease compared Baermann fecal results with the sandwich ELISA and indicated that fecal testing may have missed almost half of the infections. To standardize the test, increase sensitivity, and develop a dependable source of diagnostic antigen(s), this study characterized some immunoreactive antigen(s) detected in the sandwich ELISA test. We developed a cDNA library from adult A. vasorum and after screening with rabbit anti-A. vasorum serum we identified 8 immunoreactive clones. Sequence analysis showed these clones to contain sequences homologous to 3 proteins, which shared homology to similar proteins in other parasites: vitellogenin, tropomyosin and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70).

abstract: For production of specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies to be used in the sandwich ELISA test, it is necessary to produce a pure protein from the A. vasorum cDNA library. In the current study the most commonly occurring sequence encoded for a vitellogenin protein was chosen for expression and was inserted into a pGEX plasmid that was used to transform  E. coli strain BL21. This vector incorporated glutathione S-transferase (GST) at the N-terminus and vitellogenin was synthesized as a fusion protein with GST. Western blotting with rabbit anti-A. vasorum polyclonal antiserum was able to identify the recombinant protein. This fusion protein had a molecular mass of 77 kDa which represented the combined mass of the GST (26 kDa) and the vitellogenin protein (51 kDa). The fusion protein was purified using GST affinity resin. Several modifications to the protocol for eluting the protein of interest from an affinity column had to be made including adjustments to pH, reduced glutathione buffer, salt concentration and Triton X-100 concentration.

abstract: In conclusion, a sandwich ELISA was developed and found to be more sensitive than the current Baermann test. Specific gene fragments from A. vasorum  antigens were identified and sequenced. The most common sequence encoding for vitellogenin protein was purified. The generation of specific proteins should result in the development of antiserum that will enable higher test sensitivity than that obtained using crude A. vasorum somatic antigen. Furthermore, this will potentially increase sensitivity of the sandwich ELISA test and allow dependable production of reagents.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-08, Section: B, page: 4648.


title: Immune response of carp, Cyprinus carpio and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar to Piscirickettsia salmonis

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Thesis advisor)

contributor: Speare, David J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Burka, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Fuentealba, Carmen (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 97 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Zoology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture
Health Sciences, Immunology

abstract: Piscirickettsia salmonis, the causative agent of Salmonid rickettsial septicaemia (SRS) is an economically important disease of sea-pen reared salmonids in southern Chile. It is a newly described organism whose immunogenicity in salmonids is poorly understood. To compare the susceptibility of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to P. salmonis, groups of 25 fish weighing approximately 10 g each were challenged with 0.1 ml of 10$\sp{5-6}$ TCID$\sb{50}$/ml. Death among salmonid fish occurred approximately one week post injection, whereas disease did not occur among inoculated carp and goldfish. To follow the progression of P. salmonis in carp and Atlantic salmon, a separate challenge was performed and spleen, liver and kidney tissue samples were collected 1, 3, 6, 11, 15 and 30 days post injection (d.p.i.) and tested for P. salmonis antigen using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). The diversity of antibodies produced in Atlantic salmon, common carp and rabbits following immunization with killed P. salmonis was examined by immuno-staining of western blots. Phagocytosis and superoxide anion production were examined in macrophages isolated from the head kidney of carp and Atlantic salmon after incubation with either live or killed P. salmonis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 36-06, page: 1578.

abstract: Advisers: Fred Markham; Simon Jones.


title: Immune response to vaccination and selenium and vitamin E status in horses of varying ages

contributor: Lofstedt, Jeanne (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Spangler, Liz (Supervisory Committee Member)

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

subject: Health Sciences, Immunology

abstract: Immunosenescence refers to alternations in the immune system associated with aging that may subsequently lead to an increased susceptibility to infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. There are limited studies investigating the effects of immunosenescence on the geriatric equine immune system. The primary and secondary (anamnestic) immune responses may be different in aged horses in comparison to their younger counterparts. Therefore, this raises the question whether or not aged horses would have a protective immune response post vaccine or exposure to a pathogen.

abstract: The focus of this study was to investigate the effects of aging on the equine immune system. The first goal was to evaluate the effects of age on specific systemic antibody response to vaccination against rabies and equine influenza. Since horses selected for the test population were naïve to rabies, rabies vaccination was used to evaluate the horse's primary immune response. Healthy aged horses ≥20 years) mounted a primary immune response similar to that of younger adult horses (4-12 years). Since the test population had previously most likely been exposed to equine influenza, vaccination was used to evaluate the secondary (anamnestic) immune response. Healthy aged horses had a significantly reduced anamnestic response in comparison to the younger adult horses even though the aged horses' pre-vaccination titers were higher.

abstract: Prior to assessing the immune response of horses in this study a detailed physical examination was performed and results of a CBC and biochemistry profile were analyzed to rule out underlying disease that may impact on their immune response. Serum concentrations of Se, vitamin E, and thyroid hormones were measured to examine the effect of confounding factors on the immune response. Preliminary results showed that significant numbers of horses in PEI had sub-optimal serum Se concentrations. The second focus of this study was to access the Se and vitamin E status in representative groups of horses (aged pleasure horses, young adult pleasure horses, racehorses, broodmares and their foals) on Prince Edward Island. Resting T4 and T3 serum concentrations were measured and the relationship between the Se status and thyroid hormone concentrations was determined.

abstract: The results of this study showed that 79% of the horses tested had inadequate serum Se concentrations and a strong correlation existed between mare's and their foal's serum Se concentration. In contrast, 87% of the horses tested in PEI had adequate concentrations of vitamin E. Selenium concentration affected T4 concentration but there was no effect on T3 concentrations.

abstract: These studies demonstrated that the equine geriatric immune system differs from that of younger adult horses and that inadequate Se intake is widespread in the horse population in PEI.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3442.


title: Simulation of wave spray cloud

contributor:
Bodaghkhani, Armin (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic application/pdf

abstract: Wave impacts on vessels and offshore structures can induce significant spray. This process leads to topside icing in sufficiently cold and windy conditions. This study establishes the current state of the art understanding of the physical behavior of wave impact and the process of spray cloud formation upstream of a ship or marine structure. The process of spray formation is related to several complicated phenomena including wave slamming, jet formation after impact, sheet and droplet breakup, and production of the spray cloud on the top surface of the ship bow. The process of spray-cloud production and flow kinematics arising from breaking wave impact on a lab-scaled model is investigated using the Bubble Image Velocimetry (BIV) method to measure the wave run-up velocity. In addition to the BIV method, spray characteristics were examined using the Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) method. Measurements of droplet size, and velocity, as well as wave run-up velocity, were major elements of this study. Progress has been made in modeling wave spray phenomena, including numerical methods for modeling the free surface, and consideration of slamming, air entrainment, and water breakup. Further, the interaction of single nonlinear wave with a solid vertical surface was numerically simulated in three dimensions. Complex behavior of the wave impact as well as the resulting water sheet and high-speed jet were captured in the numerical model. The maximum wave run-up velocity, instant wave run-up velocity in front of the vertical surface, the break-up length of the water sheet, and the maximum impact pressure were all computed for several input wave characteristics. In addition to the experimental and numerical work, conservation constraints that govern the flow behavior, which is important in the process of spray cloud formation resulting from wave impact, were developed. The size and velocity distribution of spray droplets arising from the maximization of the entropy is subject to these constraints. The prediction is based on a statistical tool called the Maximum Entropy Principle (MEP), and the resulting droplet size distribution is in agreement with the general empirical distributions. The prediction distribution applied to both one- and two-dimensional cases. Finally, four stages of wave spray production are added together to produce a more comprehensive analytical model for predicting the final average droplet diameter from the information related to the inlet wave conditions. These mathematical stages are; 1) the formulation of wave impact velocities based on the input wave characteristics, 2) the formulation of air entrapment at the moment of impact based on the Bagnold-Mitsuyasu scaling law, which calculates the maximum impact pressure, 3) a mathematical relationship between the maximum wave impact pressure and the maximum wave run-up velocities, and finally, 4) the breakup phenomena.


title: Analysis and modeling "Time-of-flight particle dizer" with CFD


title: A study on biochar for bioenergy and composite applications

contributor: Ahmed, Marya (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Farooque, Aitazaz (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Zaman, Qamar (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hsiao, Amy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ahmed, Marya (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Farooque, Aitazaz (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Acharya, Bishnu (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Saha, Gobinda (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Zaman, Qamar (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hsiao, Amy (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 118 application/pdf

abstract:
This research focus on the production and characterization of the pyrolytic products (biochar, biooil and syngas) for potential bioenergy application, the application of biochar for treating wastewater and application of biochar in glassfibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. The pyrolysis of crambe and meadowfoam oilcakes feedstocks was performed at 450 °C and 550 °C, at a heating rate of 10 °C/min with residence time of 30 mins. About 30-40 percent biochar, 40-50 percent biooil and remaining syngas were obtained. Lower biochar and higher biooil yields were seen when the pyrolysis temperature was increased. The energy value of biochar was in the range of 22-24 MJ/kg, that of biooil was above 35 MJ/kg. Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, alkanes and alkenes were detected in syngas. The turbidity of the biochar treated wastewater was 50 NTU compared to its 1798 NTU initial measurement, and the foul smell was absent.
Biochar from pyrolysis of spruce pellets in a two-stage rotating drum pyrolyzer at 450 °C, 10 °C/min heating rate and 30 mins residence time was crushed to size below 53 μm. Glassfibre reinforced Polymer composites were prepared w/o biochar at 5 percent and 10 percent by weight of the resin. Samples were vacuum infused for curing. The flame test suggested that higher biochar concentration in the composites retarded the flame better. DMA tests showed increased in storage moduli thus stiffness of composites with higher biochar. Reduced loss factor i.e. lower damping was experienced in the same composites.
This signifies the importance of biochar in coal replacement, in wastewater treatment and in diversifying mechanical properties with better flame-retardant quality in composites. More importantly, it is bio-sourced and environmentally friendly.


title: Effectiveness of enhancing face-to-face peer-led nutrition education methods with an intervention of nutrition-related cell phone messaging on Kenyan women’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices

contributor:
Wanjohi, Grace W. (author)
Goddard, J. Tim (MEd Project Advisor)
Taylor, Jennifer (MEd Project Advisor)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 198 application/pdf

abstract: In developing countries, where food insecurity and micronutrient malnutrition are severe, food-based agricultural interventions have been shown to be effective in enhancing food availability, access, and, ultimately, reducing micronutrient malnutrition. Current research indicates that the most successful of these interventions have a nutrition education component, most of which are delivered via traditional face-to-face methods. There is little known, however, about whether the use of cell phone technology as a nutrition education strategy is effective in improving knowledge, attitudes and practices among women in developing countries. The primary purpose of this study was to compare the dietary knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women who received a series of nutrition-related text messages in their local dialect, Kimeru, to augment face-to-face peer-led nutrition training (intervention group, n=24) to that of women who received face-to-face peer-led nutrition training only (comparison group, n=29). The study was conducted in Naari, in rural Kenya among women belonging to two self-help groups, where there was a high penetration of cell phone ownership and use. The study employed a mixed methods research design to explore the effectiveness of a cell phone messaging intervention on knowledge, attitudes and practices. All women in the study received a face-to-face peer-led nutrition education session. Women in the cell phone intervention group were then sent a series of text reminders about five of the key nutrition messages from the face-to-face intervention twice weekly over five weeks. The five messages were:1) using equal portions of maize and beans to increase protein intake; 2) soaking maize and beans to conserve iron in the food; 3) using two or more vegetables in meals to increase vitamin A intake; 4) taking fruits with meals to enhance iron absorption; and, 5) deworming children on a regular basis. Quantitative data, including women’s knowledge of nutrition messages, their attitudes regarding the importance of the messages, and whether they were practising the recommended behaviours, were collected during home visits via questionnaire. Qualitative data regarding the intervention group’s perceptions towards the intervention were collected through individual interviews and focus group discussions. Results indicated that the mean knowledge scores regarding conserving iron (p=0.05), consuming foods rich in vitamin A (p=0.02), and deworming (p=0.03) were higher in the intervention group than the comparison group. Moreover, nutrition messages relating to 1) iron (p=0.0008); and 2) deworming (p=0.05) were considered more important in the intervention group than the comparison group post-intervention. Similarly, a higher proportion of the intervention group reported implementing practices relating to increased consumption of protein (p=0.009) and vitamin A (p=0.02) than the comparison group. The themes identified in the interviews and focus group discussion were consistent with these quantitative results. Results suggest that adding a cell phone ‘booster’ to nutrition education sessions using the local dialect can contribute to positive changes in nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices.


title: Vaccine-induced protection against furunculosis in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hori, Tiago (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, David (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, Frederick (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 150 application/pdf

abstract:
Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) are a salmonid with potential economic growth in Canadian aquaculture. They are native to the Arctic, and have been an important food source for many years. Arctic charr can be sold for a higher price per kilogram than salmon, due to their delicacy status and niche market. For this reason, Arctic charr farming is becoming more popular. Unlike other salmonids, Arctic charr require a high stocking density to keep aggressive behaviours at bay, and thus many intensive culture-related diseases are easily spread among individuals. Currently, little information is available on the Arctic charr immune system, and their disease susceptibility to common culture-related diseases, such as furunculosis. Furunculosis is a septicemic disease caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, which has two forms: typical and atypical. Both of these diseases have the potential to cause mortality and spread quickly within a population. These infections tend to have acute onsets, with chronic conditions only occurring in adult fish. Previous research has been conducted on culturerelated diseases in Arctic charr, although more information is needed to determine what prophylactic measures would work best to prevent such diseases. The objectives of the current thesis were to: (1) determine the efficacy of two commercial salmonids vaccines against furunculosis infections in Arctic charr; (2) to determine the length of protection acquired by these vaccines; and (3) to characterize the immune responses to vaccination and subsequent A. salmonicida infection.

To answer these questions, an infection trial was designed to determine the Arctic charr immune response to a typical A. salmonicida infection using two different vaccine regimes. Vaccination with the vaccine Forte Micro® (Micro®) showed 72% survival, while vaccination with Forte Micro® + Renogen® (MicroRenogen) showed 83% survival. The presence of A. salmonicida was detected, and results showed significant differences between both vaccinates and a control (Sham -PBS vaccinated) group at 8 days post-infection (dpi) with A. salmonicida. Molecular techniques such as ELISA (Enzyme Linked lmmunosorbent Assay) and RT-qPCR (Reverse Transcriptase quantitative PCR) were used to examine the immune responses to vaccination, and following challenge with a typical A. salmonicida at 8 and 29 dpi. Strong IgM responses, specific to typical A. salmonicida, were detected at 8 dpi in vaccinated
fish only. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR revealed an emphasis on the acute phase response of innate immunity, and some intracellular responses to vaccination and infection. Co-administering of the vaccines did not negatively impact vaccine efficacy, and could provide a viable option for protection against typical A. salmonicida infections in Arctic charr in aquaculture settings.

During atypical A. salmonicida infections, Arctic charr were either challenged approximately 2-months or 1- year post-vaccination. The Micro® vaccine provided good protection (88% survival) at 2-months post-vaccination in Arctic charr challenged with atypical A. salmonicida, but only 63% survival when challenged 1-year post-vaccination. The MicroRenogen vaccinated fish showed approximately 80% survival in both challenge trials. When Renogen® was administered alone it provided similar protection as the sham control. Presence of infection was evaluated by the presence/absence of A. salmonicida-specific bacterial growth on blood agar. Positive bacterial growth was found in 25% of fish per treatment group at 10 dpi and 13 dpi (short-term vaccine efficacy and long-term vaccine efficacy, respectively), while no detectable levels of bacterial growth were found at 28 dpi in the long-term vaccine efficacy study, and only one Renogen® fish at 23 dpi in the short-term vaccine efficacy study. Circulating IgM antibody responses to A. salmonicida infection were strongest in Micro® vaccinated fish when challenged 2-months post-vaccination, while overall muted IgM responses were observed when challenged 1-year post-vaccination for all groups. Similar to the typical A. salmonicida infection, Arctic charr showed similar results to the circulating IgM antibody responses, and acute phase and intracellular responses to infection. The Micro® vaccine appeared to provide significant protection when fish were challenged 2- months post-vaccination, but not at 1-year post-vaccination and no apparent negative effects on vaccine efficacy were observed when the Micro® and Renogen® were co-administered.

Overall, these data demonstrate the protective effects of two vaccination regimes (Micro® and Micro®+ Renogen ) on Arctic charr at different sizes/age classes to challenge with A. salmonicida subspecies. This has provided a better understanding of the Arctic charr immune response to vaccination and A. salmonicida infection. More work should, however, be done to concentrate on the ideal timing for vaccination, to provide the most protection for these fish. Finally, these vaccines can currently be used to manage A. salmonicida infections in Arctic charr culture situations, but further research is required to determine if protection can be enhanced through different vaccination strategies, such as targeting more specific A. salmonicida antigens, or through coordinating vaccination and harvest, to find the ideal time to vaccinate Arctic charr.


title: Validation of a novel approach to voltage sourced converter control for MicroGrid applications.

contributor:
Bloemink, J. M. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

abstract: A novel approach for the control of voltage sourced converter (VSC) interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs) in a single-source MicroGrid environment is validated. The control approach is designed to operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes of operation, as well as the transition between the two. Control over real and reactive power in grid-connected mode is exercised through variation in the relative phase and magnitude, respectively, of the VSC terminal voltage. In islanded mode the controller becomes passive and operates to maintain nominal operation based on load characteristics. Validation is achieved through the analysis of: linearized model of the system, results obtained from the construction of a scaled down prototype system, and further results from simulations of a system with more realistic parameters. The strategy is directly compared with a well known approach for DER control in all areas of investigation for further emphasis of its viability.


title: Toward a transdisciplinary approach to youth transitions between health and affliction

contributor: Campbell, Barbara (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tilleczek, Kate (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Campbell, Barbara (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 142 application/pdf

abstract:
Qualitative content analysis was employed to explore ideological constructs
embedded in academic research on youth transitions between health and illness. The
material for analysis was drawn from 53 articles published between 2006 and 2011 in six
academic journals representing both medical and social sciences. Dialectic and
deconstruction analysis revealed 18 important ideological constructs which were then
used to address five topics including youth pregnancy as "disease"; risk as an antidote to
risk taking; independence as a state of remission from dependency; differentiated
diagnoses; and social inclusion to address stigma. These five themes surfaced as critical
for understanding the ways in which youth transitions from illness to health are currently
imagined in these interdisciplinary journals. Implications are discussed for theory, policy
and practice.


title: The voices of high school students with learning disabilities: Focusing on challenges, barriers, and supports

contributor:
Liu, Lili (author)
Thorne, Carolyn (MEd Project Advisor)

format: electronic 149 application/pdf

abstract:
High school students with learning disabilities face more difficulties completing their
education successfully and acquiring competent life skills compared to others without
learning disabilities. In Canada, few studies have collected and analyzed the experiences of
high school students with learning disabilities and none focused on those attending Prince
Edward Island (PEI) high schools. This study, as the first research conducted on this topic in
PEI schools, provides important and necessary data towards bridging that gap. The purpose
of this study was to explore the experiences of a sample of PEI high school students
diagnosed with learning disabilities, focusing on how their challenges, barriers, and support
affect their academic and social lives. Phenomenological design guided by Vygotsky’s
socio-cultural theory of human learning was adopted for this study. Students with learning
disabilities in this study encountered many academic challenges and barriers, such as note
taking, comprehension ability, difficulties applying for post-secondary education, and
enrollment in French Immersion classes. More importantly, the lack of understanding about
learning disabilities as expressed by the students themselves, as well as teachers, peers, and
others became apparent as the biggest academic and social barrier. Advice from these
students to future students, teachers and staffs were also presented and discussed. This study
provides valuable information for parents, educators, policy makers, and researchers on the
supports identified as important for students with learning disabilities to be successful
academically and socially in high school.


title: From policy to action – renewable energy in Samsø, Denmark

contributor: Brown, H. Carolyn Peach (Thesis advisor)

contributor: Brown, H. Carolyn Peach (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Novaczek, Irene (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Desserud, Don (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Brown, H. Carolyn Peach (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Novaczek, Irene (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Desserud, Don (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Sigurjonsson, Hafthor (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 89 application/pdf

abstract: Addressing the challenges of climate change, while also maintaining modern standards of living, requires a transition from energy sources that burn fossil fuels to low-carbon and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. The purpose of this study was to determine how the Danish island community of Samsø succeeded in such a transition, from 1997 to 2007. To that end, interviews were conducted with citizens of the island community in order to better understand how the transition was implemented and why it was successful. In order to understand how public policies supported the transition, a document review of relevant Danish energy policies was also conducted. Based on the qualitative results obtained, it is possible to conclude that Samsø’s transition was first made possible as a result of nation-wide energy policies that discouraged the use of fossil fuels and encouraged energy conservation, energy efficiency, sustainability and the development of renewable sources of energy. Such policies made the transition to renewable energy financially beneficial for the people of Samsø. Beyond the policies, the move to renewable energy required detailed planning, combined with a focus on public participation and public investment in the renewable energy technology that now powers the island.


title: Distribution-level power electronics: soft open points

contributor:
Bloemink, Jeffrey M. (author)
Green, Tim (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

abstract: This thesis considers the use of medium-voltage power electronic compensation at distribution network voltage levels (11kV) for the improvement of power quality, reliability, and to accommodate growth in customer demand or distributed generation capacity. Specifically, power electronic compensators connecting two or more nodes of previously isolated radial feeders are considered. This type of device can be considered as an alternative to normally-open points, which connect two nodes with mechanical switchgear. Rather than connecting these nodes directly, power-electronics are placed between them. This type of device will be deemed a soft-open point (SOP) in this thesis. Several compensator topologies which can achieve the functionality of a SOP are considered. The feature criteria used to choose which compensators are suitable for use as a SOP are: the ability to transfer active power between feeders; the ability to resupply (post-fault) adjacent feeders connected via the compensator; an inherent or controlled disturbance rejection or fault current limiting between adjacent feeders. Modified versions of some existing flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) or custom power devices o er the potential to meet these criteria. The compensator topologies considered include: static synchronous series compensators, unified power flow controllers, back-to-back connected voltage-sourced converters (VSCs) or multi-terminal connected VSCs. In order to quantify and compare the benefits of these compensator topologies, their relative performance on UK distribution networks is assessed based on load flow and optimal power flow case studies performed on datasets representing several hundred UK distribution networks. Benefits quantified include an increase in customer reliability ratings, prevention or deferral of asset replacement, reduction in conductor losses, accommodation of increased distributed generation, and accommodation of increased customer demand. The benefit analyses show that multi-terminal VSC based SOPs provide the greatest flexibility, but one must recognize that associated cost and right-of-way issues associated with distribution networks can be prohibitive. Series and series-shunt compensators are shown to offer an an adequate amount of control, achieving reasonable levels of load and generation growth with lower overall estimates for cost. Several control strategies and converter topologies are considered for use in SOP implementation under a number of scenarios. The use of multi-terminal VSCs is also verified through implementation in a prototype network and through time-domain simulations. These demonstrations serve as a proof of concept for SOP operation in scenarios relevant to their intended use in distribution networks. Also considered is the use of SOPs to directly compensate overload substation transformers, for which it is found that SOPs can very effectively mitigate overload events at the expense of increased cumulative losses. Different high-level control schemes are shown to reduce the impact of the additional converter losses.


title: Parasites of the genus Dermocystidium found in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) farmed in eastern Canada

contributor: Kibenge, Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Long, Ray (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, David J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wright, Glenda (Supervisory Committee Member)

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Dermocystidium parasites cause disease and infection among important aquacultural species of finfish, including Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout, Salmo trutta.

abstract: A study was undertaken to compare the endogenous stages of Dermocystidium spp. from Atlantic salmon and brook trout. With light microscopy, Dermocystidium organisms from both hosts, were round to oval in shape and varied in staining density. Ultrastructurally, five phases of the endogenous stages were observed in Atlantic salmon tissues: immature and mature trophozoites, and uninucleated, dividing and releasing schizonts. In brook trout, cysts of Dermocystidium sp. contained only mature trophozoites and uninucleated schizonts. Mature trophozoites from both Dermocystidium spp. were characterized by the signet ring configuration, in which the nucleus is displaced against the parasite wall by a large vacuole. Schizonts were larger than the trophozoites and possessed more organelles: concentric bodies, lipoid bodies, electron-dense inclusions, mitochondria and vacuoles. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 34-03, page: 1104.

abstract: Adviser: Rick Cawthorn.


title: Parents' perspectives on the lives of their teenagers with disabilities: A focus on inclusion

contributor:
Gerg, Beverly C. (author)
Timmons, Vianne (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 143 electronic application/pdf

subject: Health Sciences, Public Health

subject: Sociology, Individual and Family Studies

abstract: The perspectives on inclusion of five parents of children with intellectual disabilities were explored in this qualitative study. Open-ended, semi-structured interviews were used to gain the parents' perspectives on their child's level of inclusion at home, in the community, and at school. Most parents in the study were content overall with how well their child was included in the school and community. However, all parents expressed a desire to have their children more active socially, in particular, making and sustaining friends. The parents felt that their child would benefit a great deal from closer friendships with their peers. All families indicated that they were the primary social group for their child as well as the key advocate. As a result of this work, a series of recommendations were developed to increase the level of inclusion in schools and communities. They included gaining a more holistic picture of inclusion by interviewing siblings and peers of children with disabilities, and educating the community about programs that include people with disabilities.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-03, page: 1477.


title: Pathobiology of Loma salmonae:  Progression of infection and modulating effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors

contributor: Jones, S. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wright, G. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kibenge, F. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 159 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Loma salmonae is a microsporidian parasite of salmonid fishes, which forms xenoparasitic complexes (xenomas) in the gills of fish. Rupture of xenomas to release the infective spores results in branchial inflammation and, in some cases death. In this study, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were used to monitor the progression of L. salmonae infection. Extreme temperatures have a strong suppressive effect in the progression of infection. Low temperature (5°C), delays the parasite arrival in the heart, and although arrival in the gills is not delayed, by week 4 PE it was no longer detected and xenomas failed to form. High temperatures (21°C) drastically upset the progression of infection with L. salmonae. Parasite DNA can be detected in the heart, gills, and spleen by 3 and 7 days PE, but further development is blocked and the parasite is no longer detected after this time. Thus temperature can be used effectively for the control of infections with L. salmonae . Further studies addressed the effects that acquired immunity has in the progression of infection with L. salmonae. In fish that are passively immunized, the arrival of the parasite in the heart is delayed for 7 days, but the disease progresses and xenomas form in the gills. In contrast, fish that have acquired immunity by previous exposure to the parasite block the passage of L. salmonae from the heart to the gills (and xenoma formation), after an extended delay to reach the heart. As comparison, L. salmonae is unable to complete its life cycle in Atlantic salmon and brook trout, although the parasite is able to infect the fish, it is cleared from the host system after 2 weeks PE. To probe the efficacy that vaccination against L. salmonae may have on salmonids, naive rainbow trout were exposed to L. salmonae  SV, a variant of L. salmonae isolated in the laboratory with low-virulence for salmonids of the genus Oncorhynchus (rainbow trout, Chinook salmon, coho salmon), and a strong preference for brook trout and Arctic char. When the exposed rainbow trout juveniles were subsequently challenged with typical spores from L. salmonae 16 weeks after first exposure to L. salmonae SV, they were protected, presenting 14 times fewer xenomas per filament than the naive controls. The marked degree of reduction in numbers of xenomas that formed after challenge suggests that use of the attenuated strain should be further considered as a means to protect fish in regions where the parasite is endemic. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-04, Section: B, page: 1816.

abstract: Advisers:  D. J. Speare; R. J. F. Markham.


title: Pathogenesis of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

contributor: Groman, David (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lumsden, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Barkema, Herman (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ikede, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 125 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Biology, Virology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The first objective of this thesis was to detail the pathology of ISAV-induced lesions in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as compared to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and to quantify the relative susceptibility of rainbow trout to clinical ISA disease. The virus infection in the two species demonstrated different mortality patterns and pathology characteristics. Atlantic salmon showed a typical acute mortality pattern peaking at 8-16 days post-infection (dpi) depending on virus dose, whereas in rainbow trout, only the highest virus dose (107.13-7.8 TCID 50/200μl) showed a similar pattern. The middle (104.13 TCID50/200μl) and lowest virus doses (102.13 TCID50/200μl) in rainbow trout induced only sporadic protracted mortality, lasting up to 46 dpi. Infected rainbow trout that were live-sampled and those that died, demonstrated increased erythrophagia, clusters of cellular degeneration in the haematopoietic portion of the kidney, and occasionally myocarditis. These lesions are very different from the typical necrosis in liver and kidney that occur in infected Atlantic salmon, and were indicative of an antiviral response by a host with some immunity to the ISAV infection.

abstract: The second objective was to assess the influence of cell line in the propagation of the viral inoculum. The pilot work had virus grown in the TO cell line, derived from Atlantic salmon head kidneys. It was hypothesized that propagating inoculum in a cell line derived from an Oncorhynchus sp. might increase viral pathogenicity in rainbow trout. Survival analysis failed to demonstrate a cell line influence on viral inoculum virulence.

abstract: The third objective of this research was to use an in situ hybridization protocol which had been previously optimized for ISAV-infected Atlantic salmon (Moneke et al., 2003) and apply it to post-challenge rainbow trout tissues to determine the viral target cell and tissue distribution in this more resistant species. This work indicated a comparable tropism in both species, with endothelial cells, subendothelial macrophages and leucocytes being the predominant host cells.

abstract: The final objective was to use real time RT-PCR on the tissues of rainbow trout survivors of ISAV experimental infection to assess potential viral persistence and contribute to increasing knowledge of the pathogenesis of ISAV. Samples taken from rainbow trout 63 day after experimental infection with ISAV were found positive by this method, indicating the potential for a prolonged carrier state in rainbow trout.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-06, page: 3465.


title: Pathological effects of Cryptocotyle lingua in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) treated with dexamethasone

contributor: Lopez, Alfonso (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Runyon, Caroline (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 130 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: One observation reported in dead common loons, the large numbers of  Cryptocotyle lingua found in weak birds, suggests that an underlying disease problem may cause impairment of the immune system of the birds that leads to an increased degree of parasitism, causing further debilitation. This study intended to replicate the infection caused by C. lingua , an intestinal trematode normally present in small numbers in adult seabirds that die in good body condition, with no signs of a debilitating disease. Replication of the infection caused by C. lingua was conducted in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed seabirds, specifically double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus. The birds were collected from a wild colony at 2 weeks of age and raised in captivity until the experimental trial began at 2 months of age. A total of 31 double-crested cormorants (DCC) were divided into 4 different treatment groups: an immunosuppressed/infected group (n = 8), an immunosuppressed/non-infected group (n = 7), a non-immunosuppressed/infected group (n = 8) and a non-immunosuppressed/non-infected group (n = 8). (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-03, page: 0657.

abstract: Adviser:  Pierre-Yves Daoust.


title: Perceptions of organizational culture in the Prince Edward Island public sector:  Through the eyes of women in senior management

contributor:
Christian, Isabelle (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 157 electronic application/pdf

subject: Women's Studies

subject: Business Administration, Management

subject: Education, Adult and Continuing

subject: Sociology, Industrial and Labor Relations

abstract: This qualitative study explores perspectives on women's equality through an examination of organizational culture in a public sector organization in Prince Edward Island. From 1990 to the present, a pervasive assumption that women's equality has been achieved has diminished receptivity to program and policy initiatives, to workplace accommodations of women into senior roles, and to social discourse about continuing gender inequalities. Eleven female senior public administrators from among a population of 20 participated in either a focus group, or 1 of 6 semi-structured interviews of 1 hour or more. The study incorporates postmodern feminist and gender theory to substantiate the inequalities that have gone underground in a neo-conservative and individualist age. Joan Acker connects theory to organizational practices, processes, and performance to define gender as a relational entity which operates to subordinate women. The study also demonstrates the key role of language and discourse in fixing the identities and positions of women and men into binary relationships. The study describes the active role of the 10 participants in incrementally shaping their organizational culture. It concludes with an identification of perspectives and strategies that advocates might use in intransigent situations, to preserve a sense of self.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1095.


title: Perinatal administration of kainate receptor agonists in the rat: Immediate and long-term behavioural effects

contributor: Bate, Luis (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Robertson, Harry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 257 electronic application/pdf

subject: Psychology, Physiological

abstract: Of much current interest is the role of a particular subclass of ionotropic glutamate receptors, referred to as kainate (KA) receptors, in CNS physiology and pathology. Because the developing organism is especially sensitive to early perturbations, the objective of this thesis was to determine the consequences of early KA receptor activation on both the immediate and long term expression of rodent behaviour.

abstract: In the first experimental series, the use of osmotic minipumps as a non-invasive method for providing sustained drug delivery to pre-weaning rats was validated following subcutaneous implantation of small osmotic minipumps under sterile conditions. Physical and neurobehavioural development was measured daily in rat pups postnatal day (PND) 8–22 and resulting adult rats. Data from pump implanted rats (n = 12) were compared to both untreated (n = 13) and surgical sham (n = 12) control animals. In general no significant group differences were present for physical development, sensory function, neuromotor abilities or learning and memory in pre-weaning rats.

abstract: In the subsequent experiment a behavioural toxicity rating scale was developed and used to evaluate the comparative toxicity of two kainate receptor agonists, domoic acid (DOM) and kainic acid (KA), in neonatal rats. Full dose-response curves for DOM and KA were generated for PND 8 and PND 14 rat pups. Data indicated that DOM was approximately 6-fold more potent than KA at either age and that there was a 2.5-fold decrease in potency for each compounds on PND 14 relative to PND 8.

abstract: In the next series of experiments, animals (n = 12–16/group) were assigned to one of three treatments (Experiment 1: Saline, 5 or 20 μg/kg DOM; Experiment 2: Saline, 25 or 100 μg/kg KA) and were injected daily from PND 8–14. Rats were tested at various ages using a variety of established and modified tests of physical and sensorimotor development, classical conditioning, arousal, emotionality and spatial learning and memory. Results indicated that drug administration produced physiologically relevant behavioural change in young rats, manifesting as accelerated eye opening, suppressed activity, and altered learning and memory. Additionally, significant drug-dependent changes in spatial memory in the resulting adults were also identified. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-07, Section: B, page: 3572.

abstract: Advisers: Andy Tasker; Cathy Ryan.


title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oxytetracycline in Atlantic salmon held in seawater at different temperatures

contributor: Long, Ray (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, Andrew (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Rawling, Geoff (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Rainnie, Don (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnson, Gerald (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 110 electronic application/pdf

abstract: A pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of sampling times, form of oral dose, and trends in the plasma pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC). The pilot study consisted of groups of ten Atlantic salmon held in reconstituted seawater at 10$\sp\circ$C treated with OTC at two concentrations, 100 mg and 200 mg OTC/kg body weight, either as a single intraperitoneal injection, or as a single oral dose via a gelatin capsule or in a 0.2% w/v aqueous Bacto-Agar slurry administered by stomach intubation. Gelatin capsules were slow to hydrolyze. Consequently, of the two methods of administration of OTC via the oral route, the aqueous Bacto-agar slurry was the preferred method. Since the elimination phase had not commenced by the end of the sampling time of 36 h, it was not possible to draw any conclusions about the pharmacokinetics of OTC elimination.

abstract: The low apparent bioavailability of oxytetracycline in Atlantic salmon held in seawater at 10$\sp\circ$C and 15$\sp\circ$C described in this study supports earlier accounts of low bioavailability of oxytetracycline in teleosts. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0547.


title: Pharmacokinetics of domoic acid following intravenous administration in rats

contributor: Burka, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 101 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Health Sciences, Toxicology
Biology, Animal Physiology
Chemistry, Biochemistry

abstract: In 1987 acute poisoning followed consumption of shellfish contaminated with domoic acid (DOM). The primary objectives of this study were: (a) to develop an assay for the detection of DOM in rat serum, and (b) to examine the pharmacokinetics of DOM following intravenous and oral administration in rats.

abstract: An extraction method was developed and coupled to an analytical procedure using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Final chromatographic conditions used a C-18 reversed phase column, a mobile phase consisting of 10.5% acetonitrile and 89.5% distilled water (v/v) delivered at 1.0 mL/minute, and UV detection at 242 nm.

abstract: This method was used to study the kinetics of DOM extracted from contaminated mussels following intravenous administration in Long-Evans rats. Over the 80 minute sampling period, DOM was eliminated.

abstract: Following intravenous administration in rats, DOM distributes minimally to other tissues and is rapidly eliminated. Following oral administration of DOM in both rats and guinea pigs no detectable serum levels of DOM were found, indicating that less than 5% is available to the systemic circulation. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-03, page: 0652.


title: Pharmacokinetics of parenteral morphine sulfate and oral sustained release morphine sulfate in dogs

contributor: Amend, J.F. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Donald, A.W. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Seeler, D.C. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, R.A.R. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 139 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: The objectives of the research were (1) to develop a suitable assay for measurement of therapeutic morphine concentrations in canine serum, (2) to examine the pharmacokinetics of MS administered intravenously (IV) and IM in two clinically relevant dosages to dogs, and (3) to examine the pharmacokinetics of OSRMS at two dosages in dogs.

abstract: A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for morphine in canine serum was developed from a commercial kit for human serum morphine detection (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles). Human serum calibrators were replaced with equivalent standards prepared in canine serum. The limit of sensitivity was 2.0 ng/mL, the intraassay coefficient of variation was 5.4%, and the interassay coefficient of variation was 14.6%. Manufacturer's estimates of (percent) crossreactivity with morphine metabolites were morphine-3-glucuronide (0.035%), morphine-6-glucuronide (0.16%), codeine (0.06%), and normorphine (9.2%).

abstract: It was concluded that the IM route of administration is an effective method for rapid and complete delivery of a dosage of MS into the systemic circulation in dogs. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-03, page: 0661.


title: Polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153-induced ultrastructural alterations in rat hepatocytes: A quantitative study

contributor: Fuentealba, C. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ireland, W. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wright, G. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 142 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Health Sciences, Pathology
Environmental Sciences

abstract: Alterations occurring in the liver of male and female rats fed PCB congener 153 (2,2$\sp\prime,4,4\sp\prime,5,5\sp\prime$-hexachlorobiphenyl) at concentrations of 0.5, 5, or 50 ppm for 13 weeks were determined morphometrically. A dose-dependent increase of hepatocyte volume was detected in the animals. The cytoplasmic compartment contributed to the increase in cell volume in an overwhelming fashion; nuclear participation in the hypertrophy was slight. A marked increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) volume and its surface area in hepatocytes was observed in 5 and 50 ppm groups of both genders; the organelle played the largest part in the increase of cytoplasm volume or hypertrophy of the cells. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) alteration was shown to depend on gender, where its volume per hepatocyte augmented in females of 5 or 50 ppm groups, but decreased values were noted in males at the same dose concentrations. A significant decrease in normal mitochondrial volume at 50 ppm dose was observed. Data revealed a trend toward an increase of abnormal mitochondria volume in the hepatocytes as congener concentration elevated. In addition, an increase in the volume of lysosomal elements per cell was noted in 50 ppm PCB-dosed rats of both genders; an increase in peroxisomal volume per cell of female rats was detected at a lower dose than those in male rats. In conclusion, the present study revealed that subchronic exposure to PCB 153 caused ultrastructural alterations in centrilobular hepatocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Cell hypertrophy, SER proliferation, RER volume alterations, mitochondrial abnormalities, and augmentation of peroxisomes and lysosomal elements were the most conspicuous changes. Alterations were dose-dependent and were most severe in 50 ppm groups. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 34-05, page: 1936.

abstract: Adviser: A. Singh.


title: Population ecology of eastern coyotes (Canis latrans ) on Prince Edward Island

contributor:
Field, Sarah A. (author)
Guignion, Daryl (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 207 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Ecology

abstract: This study represents the first effort to extensively monitor eastern coyotes (Canis latrans) throughout Prince Edward Island (PEI). The main purpose was to determine the population characteristics of coyotes and provide baseline data on their ecology. This study was conducted from August 2001 to August 2003. Scent station surveys were carried out to determine the relative abundance of coyotes, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and the relationships between each species. The relative abundance of these species was 54.0 ± 51.9, 47.8 ± 42.1, 17.9 ± 30.5 and 37.1 ± 33.1, respectively. Data collected from 12 radio-collared coyotes were used to determine their home range characteristics, and data obtained from one global positioning system (GPS) collared coyote were used to determine movement characteristics. Analysis of 9 carcasses harvested during the fall and winter by local hunters and trappers and of 25 scat samples were conducted to determine the population dynamics and diet of coyotes on PEI. This study was successful in gathering quantitative information on the population of coyotes inhabiting PEI which can be used to develop management strategies specific to this population. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0485.

abstract: Advisers:  Marina Silva; Daryl Guignion.


title: Predator-prey interactions between the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) and bivalves native to Prince Edward Island

contributor: Davidson, Jeffrey (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McKenna, Shawn (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 169 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Ecology
Biology, Zoology

abstract: The commercial harvesting and culture of American oysters (Crassostrea virginica), blue mussels (Mytilus edulis ), and soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) has long been an important source of economic income for rural areas of Prince Edward Island (PEI). However, as seen in other bivalve industries elsewhere (Dare et al. 1983), the sustainability of PEI's bivalve industries are threatened by the establishment of the non-indigenous European green crab (Carcinus maenas). The green crab is a predator of most bivalves and has the ability to greatly reduce the population size of its prey in virtually every coastal habitat (Cohen et al. 1995, Mascaro & Seed 2000).

abstract: To document their potential population growth and impact, trapping surveys were carried out during 2008, 2009 and 2010 in two prime bivalve harvesting estuaries located in southern PEI: North River and Bedeque Bay. The trapping surveys confirmed that there is an ongoing spread of green crabs into new shellfish habitats while rapidly increasing in previously established areas.

abstract: To help prioritize future research, this study explored size-dependent green crab prey preference on C. virginica, M edulis, and  M. arenaria in a coastal system of PEI. Using two sizes of prey (15-25 and 25-35 mm shell length; SL) and three different experimental manipulations, small (35-45 mm carapace width; CW), medium (45-55 mm), and large (55-75 mm) green crabs were given a choice among these three bivalves and their daily feeding rates were monitored over the course of three days. For both prey sizes, green crabs showed an early feeding preference for soft-shell clams and, only as they declined in numbers, a switch towards mussels and subsequently towards oysters. Such changes in order and timing of prey preference were directly related to differences in prey shell thickness, a fairly reliable indicator of prey shell-strength.

abstract: As the C. virginica industry is believed to be the most threatened by the green crab invasion, three types of experiments in the laboratory and the field were utilized to assess predation rates exhibited by small (35-45 mm CW), medium (45-55 mm), and large (55-75 mm) green crabs feeding on small (5-15 mm SL), medium (15-25 mm), large (25-35 mm), and extra-large (35-50 mm) oysters. All experiments lasted three to five days but oyster mortality was assessed on a daily basis. Overall, the outcome of green crab-oyster predator-prey interactions was heavily dependent on both oyster size and crab size. While almost no predation occurred on extra-large oysters, large and medium green crabs preyed heavily on all other sizes, usually in the first three days of manipulation. Small and medium oysters were the most vulnerable to predation but reached a partial size refuge at ∼35 mm SL.

abstract: Under that size threshold, oysters remain highly vulnerable and require management measures in order to secure their sustainability. As green crabs continue to spread in PEI and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, further mitigations strategies are likely to be needed. The results presented in this thesis provide the foundation for future developments of these mitigation strategies.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2250.

abstract: Adviser: Pedro A. Quijon.


title: Presence of non-native vascular flora in Prince Edward Island's remnant Acadian forest

contributor: Silva-Opps, Marina (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Teather, Kevin (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 170 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Botany
Biology, Ecology
Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife

abstract: The upland hardwood component of Prince Edward Island's Acadian forest is among the best remaining examples of PEI's pre-colonial landscape, but there has been no assessment of the presence of exotic species in these areas. Three 300 metre long edge to interior transects were established in each of six Acadian forest study areas. Nine 100 m2 circular plots were sampled along each transect at distances from 5.7 to 300 metres; one external plot was established at each transect to sample species in adjacent (non forest) habitats. In each plot, all vascular plants were identified, a visual estimate of percent cover was made, and soil temperature, canopy cover and tree diameters were measured. The results show that there is an edge-to-interior plant community gradient within these forests, and suggest that interior conditions are not reached until a distance of more than 120 metres from an edge. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 42-02, page: 0512.

abstract: Adviser: Christian Lacroix.


title: Preservation of rainbow trout eggs and embryos using a perfluorochemical

contributor: Johnson, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lofstedt, Rob (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Spangler, Elizabeth (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 88 electronic application/pdf

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The objective of this study was to maintain viability of unfertilized, fertilized and eyed eggs of rainbow trout during storage using fluorocarbon (FC) as an oxygen carrier, to allow more flexibility in the reproductive management of salmonids.

abstract: For the unfertilized eggs, we were able to differentiate between water-hardened eggs and those that were not water-hardened (P < 0.001) and, therefore, we used this method to estimate the viability of unfertilized eggs during storage.

abstract: In order to select a storage medium for unfertilized eggs that does not trigger water-hardening before fertilization but promotes maximal fertility, eggs were tested in: D-532, Fish Ringer's, Stoss's solution or water. Overall, eggs in Stoss's solution were found to have the lowest water-hardening and the highest fertility percentages; therefore, Stoss's solution was used in subsequent trials.

abstract: We have demonstrated that the use of oxygenated PC can benefit the aquaculture industry by maintaining the viability of rainbow trout eggs during storage or shipment. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-03, page: 0624.

abstract: Advisers:  Gavin Richardson; Mary McNiven.


title: Prevalence and zoonotic potential of Giardia duodenalis in cattle and dogs

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Dixon, Brent (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Keefe, Greg (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Abbott, Lewis (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 177 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: The main aims of the studies described in this thesis were to obtain prevalence information on Giardia duodenalis in cattle and dogs on Prince Edward Island, Canada, to genotype G. duodenalis-positive fecal samples to assess the zoonotic potential arising from infected cattle and dogs, and to compare diagnostic tests for the detection of G. duodenalis in bovine and canine feces.

abstract: The significance of G. duodenalis and Cyptosporidium  spp. In a bovine veterinary college teaching herd is described in Chapter 2. The mean G. duodenalis prevalence was 49%. Zoonotic Assemblage A and hoofed livestock-specific Assemblage E were identified in 43 and 57% of positive samples with successful 16S-rRNA sequencing. The presence of the zoonotic Assemblage A indicates a potential risk of infection for students and staff at this facility. In contrast, no Cryptosporidium spp. were found in these cows, suggesting that this herd posed a negligible risk of transmitting C. parvum infections to humans.

abstract: Chapter 3 describes the prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis  in cows and calves on Prince Edward Island. Giardia duodenalis  prevalence was 38 and 51% in cows and calves, respectively.  Giardia duodenalis was present in all dairy herds, in 9/10 beef herds and in 10/11 farms from which calves were sampled. Calves were infected with the zoonotic Assemblage A at 29% and the livestock Assemblage E at 71%, whereas 100% of the cows were infected with Assemblage E. Giardia duodenalis  is highly prevalent in dairy and beef herds on Prince Edward Island and Assemblage A in calves is a potential public health concern.

abstract: The performance of flow cytometry for the diagnosis of G. duodenalis  in bovine feces compared to immunofluorescence microscopy was studied in Chapter 4 and demonstrated that flow cytometry did not perform as well as the immunofluorescence microscopy in the diagnosis of G. duodenalis  in bovine feces. Several possible reasons for this outcome were identified and are discussed in that chapter.

abstract: A G. duodenalis vaccine was evaluated in calves in Chapter 5. Serum antibody titers were significantly higher in vaccinated compared to non-vaccinated calves. Vaccinated calves tended to excrete more  G. duodenalis cysts in their feces than non vaccinated calves. Despite a serological immune response following vaccination, this vaccine was not efficacious in preventing giardiasis in calves.

abstract: The prevalence and genotypes of dogs from a local animal shelter, a local pet store and veterinary clinics on PEI were determined in Chapter 6.  Giardia duodenalis was present in all three sources and highest in dogs from the pet store. The majority of isolates belonged to the host-adapted Assemblages D (41.5%) and C (19.5%). Zoonotic Assemblage A was isolated from 4.8% of dogs and mixed infections with zoonotic and host-adapted genotypes were found in 10% of dogs. A novel genetic sequence of an isolate belonging to Assemblage D was found in one dog. This study demonstrates that dogs on Prince Edward Island may be a potential source of human giardiasis.

abstract: Chapter 7 describes the relative sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic tests for G. duodenalis in canine feces compared to the immunofluorescence microscopy. The commonly used zinc-sulfate centrifugation flotation technique followed by microscopy was less sensitive (86%) than the immunofluorescence microscopy, but performed similar to the SNAP®  Giardia test, which had a relative sensitivity of 90%. While the ProSpecT® test was the most sensitive test in this study (100%), it is not designed for dogs and somewhat more costly than the other tests. The SNAP® Giardia test may be favorable for use in veterinary clinics because it is fast and easy to perform.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6530.


title: Prevalence of shiga-like-toxin producing Escherichia coli in beef steers and heifers in a slaughter house on Prince Edward Island

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Singh, Umadatt (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Donald, Alan (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 87 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Microbiology

abstract: Fecal swabs obtained from a random sample of 1000 beef slaughter steers and heifers from 123 different Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) farms were examined for Shiga-like toxin producing Escherichia coli (SLTEC) using a Vero cell assay (VCA). Multiple isolates from each positive sample were tested similarly. Positive SLTEC colonies were confirmed as E. coli biochemically, tested for drug resistance, serotyped, and examined with monoclonal antibody toxin neutralization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to determine the type of toxin. Cattle were classified as positive when a SLTEC isolate was positive on Vero cell assay and toxin production was confirmed by PCR. The prevalence of SLTEC in beef slaughter steers and heifers on P.E.I. was 4% (40/1000) with a confidence interval ranging from 2.3%-5.7% due to the clustering effect of farm. Most SLTEC isolates were sensitive to commonly used antimicrobials. Several SLTEC serotypes recovered in this study are associated with human illness. The most frequently isolated SLTEC serotype was E. coli O157 (5 isolates out of 40). Of these five E. coli O157 serotypes, four were E. coli O157:H7, a serious human pathogen. The types of shiga-like toxins produced by the SLTEC serotypes isolated during the study were identified by specific monoclonal antibodies.

abstract: A retail ground beef survey was conducted between June and September 1995 on 200 ground beef samples obtained from grocery stores and meat shops on P.E.I. All samples were tested by VCA for SLTEC and an ELISA test kit developed to identify E. coli O157 antigen in human stool. SLTEC were not detected by VCA. E. coli O157 antigen was detected in four of the samples. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 36-06, page: 1547.

abstract: Adviser: H. Hartharan.


title: Production and use of monoclonal antibodies to detect plasmacytoid leukemia

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Thesis advisor)

contributor: Kibenge, Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Horney, Barbara (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Long, R.J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 95 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Plasmacytoid leukemia (PL) is a newly described, economically significant disease affecting netpen-reared chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of British Columbia, Canada. To develop a more sensitive diagnostic test, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared that reacted with kidney, spleen, and retrobulbar tissue imprints made from chinook salmon affected with PL.

abstract: We compared sensitivity and specificity of histopathologic detection of PL with a quantitative indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test employing the MAbs. This study suggests that the quantitative IFA test can be used to screen populations of fish for PL prior to the observation of disease, can accurately diagnose PL in fish with concurrent bacterial kidney disease, and that chinook salmon may be infected with PL during their freshwater stage of development.

abstract: The antigen, which was recognized by one of the MAbs used in the IFA test, was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. This PL-specific antigen is a non-glycosylated 75 kDa protein. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0519.


title: Program evaluation of the Diploma in Adult Education at the University of Prince Edward Island

contributor: Brookes, Anne-Louise (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 102 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Adult and Continuing

abstract: The purpose of this research was to perform a qualitative program evaluation of the Diploma in Adult Education at the University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI). This was achieved by gathering past and present students' perceptions of how the diploma has met their needs as adult educators. Participants were selected because they shared certain characteristics relevant to this study. In total, 32 students or graduates of the diploma program were invited to participate in this research. They are primarily adult educators working in a variety of adult education situations. The rationale for this evaluation is program improvement. The program evaluation of the Diploma in Adult Education is summative in nature. Multimethod strategies were used in this evaluation. These methods included in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and document review. Through this research, I have determined the extent to which the Diploma in Adult Education Program is meeting the perceived needs of the students. In the process more questions have come forward. I found about 70% of the participants had very similar needs such as the need to: be respected, gain knowledge, understand holistic learning, and upgrade their skills. Many of these needs were met by the program. This leads me to recommend changes in the program to make it more fully meet all students' needs. From my perspective, a comprehensive needs assessment of adult educators in Prince Edward Island would be necessary for this program to meet the needs of a more varied base of adult educators. A needs assessment would also be useful to determine how prospective students would like to see this program delivered, as well as identifying personal barriers to the current program.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-04, page: 0819.

abstract: Adviser: Graham Pike.


title: Pulmonary lesions in red foxes with lungworms

contributor: Nevarez-Garza, Alicia Magdalena (author)

contributor: Conboy, Gary (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sims, David (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ireland, Bill (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ikede, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 128 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife

abstract: Crenosoma vulpis and Eucoleus aerophila are two lungworms responsible for verminous pneumonia in wild foxes and other carnivores including dogs. There is a paucity of information regarding the distribution, type and magnitude of airway lesions in foxes naturally infected with C. vulpis and E. aerophila. The first objective of this investigation was to determine the lobar and airway distribution of lungworms in wild red foxes. Samples systematically obtained from the cranial, intermediate and caudal lung lobes showed that 74% (38/51) and 33%(17/51) of the wild foxes on Prince Edward Island had microscopic evidence of  C. vulpis and E. aerophila respectively. Farmed foxes (n = 30) used as negative control animals were free of lung parasites. The second objective was to characterize the microscopic changes in the lung. The third objective was to study the frequency and association of bronchial and bronchiolar changes with the presence of C. vulpis and  E. aerophila in the lung. The final objective was to quantify the severity of bronchial glandular hyperplasia by means of the Reid index and the magnitude of mucous obstruction in the bronchioles by morphometric analyses. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 41-02, page: 0463.

abstract: Adviser: Alfonso Lopez.


title: Purification and partial characterization of a rainbow trout egg lectin

contributor: Cawthorn, Rick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Donald, A. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Daoust, Pierre-Yves (Supervisory Committee Member)

subject: Biology, General

abstract: Abstract not available.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07.


title: Regional health boards in Prince Edward Island: Negotiating authority, credibility and accountability

contributor: O'Donoghue, Fiona (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hopkirk, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 135 electronic application/pdf

subject: Political Science, Public Administration

subject: Health Sciences, Health Care Management

abstract: In October 1993, the Prince Edward Island government proclaimed a new Health and Community Services Act which radically altered the structure of health service delivery and governance across the province. This research examines the extent to which the principles of health regionalization have been achieved in the 8 years following the restructuring. Based on a survey of present board members and CEOs, interviews of board chairs, vice chairs and CEOs and an extensive review of the literature, this research provides the framework and background against which to analyze regional health governance in Prince Edward Island. Governance issues including: credibility, role, responsibility, authority and accountability of regional health boards in this province have been examined.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 41-02, page: 0520.

abstract: Adviser: Anne-Louise Brookes.


title: Regional variation in expression of major histocompatibility class II antigens in enterocytes of postnatal and adult mice

contributor: Wright, G. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Amend, J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 105 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Cell
Biology, Veterinary Science
Health Sciences, Immunology

abstract: The constitutive expression and ontogeny of major histocompatibility class II antigens in enterocytes of small intestine of adult and postnatal C3H/He mice were investigated. In adults, the immunoreaction revealed that the expression of class II antigens was greatest in ileum and decreased proximally towards the duodenum. The villus epithelium of the duodenum showed a granular staining pattern in the apices of some cells. In jejunum, granular immunostaining within apical and basal regions of the cells lining the villus was observed. Ileal enterocytes demonstrated an intense cytoplasmic and baso-lateral immunoreaction for the antigens.

abstract: Ontogenic studies revealed that the first appearance of class II antigens in enterocytes coincides with age of weaning, suggesting that immunologic stimulation by ingested antigens after weaning may influence expression of these antigens. There is an age-dependent regional variation in expression of class II antigens in enterocytes, and the expression increases with age. The crypt epithelium of three regions of the small intestine showed expression similar to that of corresponding regional villus enterocytes. The variation in expression of class II antigens in enterocytes of postnatal mice is attributed to the developmental status of the tissue. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-03, page: 0662.