title: Space-Time Clustering and Prospective Hot-Spotting of Canadian Crime

abstract:
Previous research has consistently shown that repeat crime victimization is common. More recently, research has shown that near repeat victimization is also common, whereby targets located in close proximity to previously victimized dwellings/people/vehicles (depending on the crime) are at an increased risk of also being victimized. However, this elevated risk is only temporary and subsides over time. This near repeat space-time clustering has been found across various crime types (e.g., burglary, theft from motor vehicle (TFMV), gun crime, etc.) as well as across jurisdictions. However, the
precise space-time patterning of crimes is location-specific. To date, no published research exists that has examined near repeat victimization using Canadian data; the current study fills this gap. This dissertation consisted of 4 phases of analyses. Phase 1 determined the exact space-time clustering of three crime types (burglary, TFMV, common assault) across three Canadian cities (Edmonton, AB, Moose Jaw, MB, Saint John, NB). Phase 1 results found significant near repeat space-time clustering for Edmonton burglary, Edmonton TFMV, and Saint John TFMV, with the exact near repeat space-time
pattern varying from one data file to the next. Phase 2 analyses used the time and distance over which crime clusters (as found in Phase 1) to generate prospective risk surfaces. Risk surfaces were also generated using two traditional hot-spotting methods. Overall, the various hotspot mapping techniques examined were found to be comparable in their accuracy at predicting future crime. Phase 3 examined whether it was possible to improve the accuracy of prospective hot-spotting by considering three different strategies. Although Phase 3 results suggested that the three strategies examined were
not effective at improving predictive accuracy of the maps, some interesting trends did emerge, which may have practical implications. Finally, Phase 4 investigated whether near repeat burglaries in one Canadian city (Edmonton, AB) were more likely to be committed by the same offender than more distant burglaries. Phase 4 results suggested that serial offending by the same offender offers a viable explanation for near repeat crime. The theoretical and practical implications of these results, as well as some limitations and directions for future research, are also discussed.


title: Automatic Derivation of Performance Models in the Context of Model-Driven SOA

abstract:
The thesis proposes a model transformation chain called Performance from Unified Modeling Analysis for Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) systems (PUMA4SOA), whose purpose is to automatically generate performance models from the UML software design models of SOA systems with performance annotations. The main goal of PUMA4SOA is to enable the analysis of performance properties of software systems in the early software development phases, which helps developing SOA systems that meet their performance requirements.  PUMA4SOA extends PUMA, an existing transformation approach from software to
performance models developed in our research group. The main differences between PUMA4SOA and PUMA are as follows: a) focus on SOA systems; b) application of Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) principles of considering first software platform-independent models (PIM) which are then transformed into platform-specific models (PSM); c) use of a Platform Completion (PC) feature model to define variability of platform characteristics; d) use of aspect-oriented modeling (AOM) techniques to specify realization of platform features; and e) systematic use of trace-links between different types of models
(i.e.,  software, intermediate and performance models). PUMA4SOA accepts the following input models: the software platform independent model, the deployment model, the PC-feature models and a set of platform aspect models. Similar to PUMA, PUMA4SOA makes use of an intermediate model called Core Scenario Model (CSM). The model transformations chain of PUMA4SOA begins by transforming the UML PIM to a CSM PIM, which in turn is used to generate a CSM PSM using an AOM approach. The third model transformation maps the CSM platform specific model into a performance model (Layered Queuing Network in
this case) which is then solved to produce the performance output results.
A traceability model is used in PUMA4SOA to navigate between different kinds of models (i.e., UML, CSM and LQN) in order to propagate changes of properties from one model to another and to feed back the LQN output results into the UML design model.


title: Development and Testing of a Simulation Environment for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

abstract:
This thesis describes the development of a simulation environment for the GeoSurv II Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) developed by the Unmanned Aircraft System Technologies Project. The problem considered in this thesis is that of integrating the existing systems and two new sub-systems developed in this research, into one integrated autonomous simulation environment. The solution for this problem included developing a concept for an autonomous system but more importantly to develop a simulation environment in which the sub-systems can be tested individually or as whole system when required. The
framework is also able to produce stereoscopic data that can be used to test various image processing algorithms. Lastly, a communication protocol was developed which bridged the gap between the simulation framework and the real world aircraft test bed.


title: Artistes rebelles: la révolte de la danseuse dans trois romans contemporains

abstract:
Cette thèse explore les difficultés que rencontre la femme artiste dans trois romans contemporains : Dans la maison du père de Yanick Lahens, La Virevolte de Nancy Huston et Robert des noms propres d’Amélie Nothomb. Les trois protagonistes artistes cherchent à contourner les normes prescrites par des sociétés patriarcales qui enlèvent à la femme sa capacité de créer. C’est par la voie de la danse que les trois protagonistes de notre corpus réussissent à provoquer un changement radical dans leur vie lorsqu’elles se trouvent face à des rôles sociaux restreints. Ces danseuses parviennent non
seulement à agir contre les conventions sociales qui emprisonnent leurs mères, mais  à affirmer que malgré les discours sociaux, elles sont en fait des créatrices.


title: Once Upon a Design - Storytelling and Interactive Fiction in the Design Process

abstract:
This thesis proposes that non-linear narratives (hypertexts) allow designers to explore scenarios and personas in dynamic and interactive ways. The researcher builds on current uses of narratives in design, interactive fiction, and psychoanalysis in order to expand the purpose for scenarios and personas within the design process as more.
In order to assess the potential for hypertext to be used in the design process, the researcher used the open-software, Twine, to construct an interactive scenario sample for designers to explore. The results of this work demonstrate that hypertext
preserves the functions of scenarios and personas to introduce a subject, explore a scenario, and address a particular design problem, while successfully implementing interactive elements and a non-sequential story structure to understand the context of the story based on the goals and ideas of the reader.


title: L’immersion Française en Ontario : Problématique de L’acquisition de la Morphologie dans un Espace Anglophone.

abstract:
La présente thèse s’inscrit en droite ligne dans le paradigme sociolinguistique du contact des langues. Elle consacre une place de choix à l’acquisition de la morphologie du FL2 dans un espace anglophone. Son intérêt se focalise sur le contexte d’acquisition institutionnelle que constitue le régime pédagogique d’immersion française à la canadienne. Sa visée consiste à étudier la production morphologique des étudiants inscrits aux cours offerts par le département de français de l’université Carleton (Ottawa-Canada). Il est principalement question de déterminer à quel degré la production orale
de ces étudiants est fortement influencée par l’anglais qui est leur langue maternelle.


title: Examining Gift-Giving Motives in a Cross-Cultural Context

abstract:
The purpose of this research was to explore the gift-giving motives of migrants. The first objective was to develop statistically validated measures of the motives in the context of migrants giving gifts to their siblings or to those with whom they have a sibling like relationship, on the occasion of home country travel. The second objective was to examine the relationships between gift-giving motives, Schwartz’ basic human values, immigrants’ intention to return permanently to their home country, and their relative economic status.
The data came from South-Asian and Lebanese Canadian
samples.  Data was collected in two stages via a self-administered survey which could be completed on-line or in a pencil and paper format. In Stage One, 207 and in Stage Two, 316 valid cases were obtained. The data in Stage One was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as reliability analyses to develop an eight-factor gift-giving motives measurement scale. In Stage Two the data were subjected to the same analyses to refine the measurement scale developed in Stage One.
Measures were successfully developed for the following eight theoretically driven constructs
representing gift-giving motives: agonistic, insurance, demonstrating achievement/seeking status, maintaining rituals, reciprocity, utilitarian, guilt, and maintaining social ties.  Regression analyses supported theorized links between self-enhancement values and gift-giving motives of agonistic, insurance and demonstrating achievement and seeking status. Similarly, the hypothesized relationships between conservation values and gift-giving motives of maintaining rituals, maintaining social ties, and guilt were also supported. Self-transcendence values were found to predict utilitarian and
maintaining social ties motives of gift-giving and openness to change values were found to predict the agonistic motive, as theorized.
The relationships between self-transcendence values and guilt and between conservation values and insurance were not supported. The predicted relationships of self-transcendence and conservation values with the gift-giving motive of reciprocity was not supported, suggesting that this motive, in particular, needs further exploration in future research.
The findings of this research provide a comprehensive set of measures for gift-giving motives and insights
into their relationship with basic human values for continued conceptual, theoretical and empirical work on the topic of gift-giving.


title: Cutting Knowledge:  The Pathologization of Self-Injury in Correctional Discourse

abstract:
This thesis critically examines correctional discourse on prisoner self-injury produced by the Correctional Service of Canada’s (CSC) Research Branch between 1990 and 2012. Grounded in the extant clinical and correctional discourse that has historically constructed self-injury as practiced by manipulative, violent and/or suicidal prisoners, through a discourse analysis this thesis identifies that a new surge of research published since 2010 demonstrates a shift to predominately pathological explanations that aim to reduce the deviant behaviour to the manifestation of a mental illness. This
domination of the ‘psy-sciences’ as ‘intellectual technologies’ (Rose, 1990, 1996b) bars sociological or otherwise non-psy understandings of self-injury, while political accountabilities result in the displacement of responsibility for self-injury from the prison to prisoners’ mental illness. It is argued that irrespective of methodological approach (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods), the CSC’s conceptualization of prisoners who engage in self-injury was pre-determined by their ideological alignment with the psy-sciences.


title: Neural Coding via Transmission Delay Coincidence Detectors: An Embodied Approach

abstract:
This thesis aims to contribute to the field of cognition via a careful investigation at the mesoscopic level of neural organization and activity via spatiotemporal dynamics to subserve reactive and adaptive behaviour. In particular, coding via coincidence detection with prorogation delays is adopted as the primary mechanism to investigate complex neural dynamics. Initially hypothesized by Moshe Abeles in the early 1980’s, coincidence detection enables neurones to respond by emitting an action potential (a spike) only when other input neurones spike in a precise order. In contrast to the
traditional interpretation of neural behaviour whereby cells integrate inputs over long periods of time, coincidence detectors are sensitive to changes at millisecond or sub-millisecond time scales. However, networks of coincidence detectors that incorporate propagation delays remain poorly understood with respect to dynamics and functional application for cognitive tasks. After introducing the functional and biological evidence that motived this research, we explore existing work related to spatiotemporal coding and the neurone and network parameters that influence their behaviour. We then
present a discrete neural network model that is used to expose the relationship between structural parameters and network dynamics. After applying these to a reactive light-seeking robot task, we find network parameters that enable dynamic memory storage of input spike patterns. Making use of these dynamics, we then introduce a method for decoding these memories in a modular network architecture and test this approach for robot control in memory maze tasks. Furthermore, the limits of the potentially high memory capacity of these networks is then tested by empirically evaluating both the noise
tolerance and the memory capacity of these networks. To complement this empirical work, we develop a set of formal expressions which attempt to approximate analytically the amount of activity of these networks and the probability for any given spike pattern to be expressed by them.


title: Seasonal Variation in Assemblage Structure and Movement of Small Stream Fish in an Urban Environment

abstract:
Urban ecology is a discipline that has emerged in response to the unique changes associated with urbanization. Research on ecosystem impacts is lacking, particularly on fish populations within urban stormwater drains. My research goal was to study the assemblage and movement of stream fish within Watts Creek, an urban stream, and a stormwater drain tributary (Kizell) in Kanata, Ontario. In chapter 2 I compared fish assemblage structures of Kizell and Watts and found they were relatively distinct. In chapter 3, using passive integrated transponder technology, I showed that the directionality
of movements between Kizell and Watts had little variation. These findings demonstrated the connectivity between Kizell and Watts, and that stream fish are moving into, residing, and utilizing habitat within Kizell throughout the year (including during the winter). These findings suggest that stormwater drains are a functional component of urban stream systems and that drains and streams are interconnected systems.


title: Polarization-Dependent Strain and Twist Sensors Based on Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating

abstract:
Tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) shows various advantages in sensing parameters such as, strain, temperature and twist angle. In particular, multiple data collected from cladding modes of TFBG provide a multi-functional modality. According to this feature, a temperature-independent strain sensor and a high sensitivity twist sensor based on TFBG are introduced in this thesis.
The relative wavelength shifts of P and S polarized spectra are utilized in analyzing strain sensors based on their strong temperature-independent characteristics. Linear experimental results which relate to the
wavelength separation from the Bragg mode resonance are presented. Meanwhile, sensitive amplitude variations with respect to the strain applied to TFBG are also evident.
Moreover, TFBG shows high sensitivity to twist angle due to its unique structure. The sensitivity of Polarization-dependent loss (PDL) presents an obvious contrast to that of insertion loss; the comparisons are described experimentally.


title: Characterizing Thyroid Hormone Mediated Action on Gene Expression in Mice: Mechanistic Insight into Thyroid Hormone Response Elements, Thyroid Hormone Receptor-binding Sites, and MicroRNAs

abstract:
Thyroid hormone (TH) exerts its effects by binding to the TH receptor (TR), which binds to TH response elements (TREs) to regulate target gene expression. Disruption of TH action can have detrimental health effects. The precise molecular mechanisms involved in TH mediated gene expression remain unclear. The overall objectives of this thesis were to: i) characterize global gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression in early response to TH perturbation in mouse liver; ii) identify TREs and TR-binding sites found throughout the mouse genome; and iii) compare TRE half-site organizations and their
ability to drive gene expression. Transcriptional profiling of mRNA liver samples from TH disrupted mice enabled the identification of genes that were under direct TH-regulation. TREs in the promoter region of Tor1a, Hectd3, Slc25a45 and 2310003H01Rik were validated in vitro, adding four genes to the battery of only 13 known TRE-containing mouse genes. Hepatic miRNAs were also found to be significantly altered following perturbations in TH levels. In vitro analyses confirmed TH regulation of miR-206. Moreover, Mup1 and Gpd2 were confirmed to be targeted by miR-206 in response to TH,
demonstrating that miRNAs can act as master regulators of the TH response pathway. ChIP-chip analysis identified TR-DNA interactions in juvenile mouse liver revealing only a few TR-binding sites consistent between all analyzed samples, suggesting that relatively few genes are under direct TH/TR control. Reporter assays confirmed the presence of TREs in the promoter regions of Ddx54 and Thrsp, thus validating two additional functional mouse TREs. Finally, we investigated the relative ability of liganded homodimers of TR and retinoid X receptor (RXR), and the heterodimer TR/RXR, to regulate
gene expression for three TRE half-site organizations. We found that there were fundamental differences between TRE configurations that affect nuclear receptor interactions with the response element and the ability to specifically bind their ligands. These studies provide mechanistic insight into TREs, TR-binding sites and TH action. Collectively this thesis increases our understanding of how TH operates to control genome function and provides a basis to develop appropriate testing strategies for environmental chemicals that may disrupt TH-associated genes expression by interaction with TR.


title: The Acquisition of Gender Agreement in Adult Learners of Arabic

abstract:
The present study investigates the acquisition of subject-verb gender agreement in Arabic. The participants were adult L2 learners of Arabic with different native language backgrounds at two different levels of proficiency, as well as native speakers of Arabic.  The participants were divided into three groups: learners whose L1s have grammatical gender; learners whose L1s don’t have grammatical gender; and a control group (native speakers of Arabic). One comprehension and three production tasks were used to elicit the data. Results showed significant difference between the L2 learners and the
native speakers. However, no significant difference was found between the two experimental groups, suggesting no effect of L1. There exists a significant effect of proficiency level. Advanced learners significantly outperformed the intermediate learners. The findings of this study are discussed in light of the FTFA and the FFFH. To some extent, the results lend support to the former hypothesis.


title: An Examination of Personality Pairings to Improve Video Game Enjoyment

abstract:
Much research has explored the value of video games for changing inactive lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of personality pairings on enjoyment within two gaming scenarios. It was hypothesized that one would enjoy playing with another possessing a personality type similar to their own. Subjective results showed that matched personality pairings particularly enjoyed playing in a competitive game scenario, males reported more enjoyment in competitive game compared to females, and friends enjoyed playing together more than strangers. Objective measures revealed
that a competitive game scenario is more enjoyable than a cooperative game scenario. To maximize enjoyment, recommendations for game design include encouraging social interaction between players and integration of a personality test before or during a multiplayer online game. Future research may evaluate other variables such as culture, and alternative personality pairing possibilities for increasing game enjoyment.


title: Low Power Parallel Rolling Shutter Artifact Removal

abstract:
This work presents an algorithm capable of modeling and correcting video artifacts
caused by movements of a rolling shutter video camera. An affine transformation is used to model full frame camera movements, and sinusoids model high frequency camera movements and vibrations in the x and y directions, as well as rotations. The model parameters that fit to the extracted feature points are robust to outliers using an m–estimator solution that is efficiently optimized by iteratively decreasing the m–estimator kernel width.
The distortion model was found to be capable of accurately modeling
rolling shutter
distortions, especially those caused by high frequency camera vibrations. The
m-estimator solution was found to accurately discount outlier features, and combined
with the iteratively decreasing kernel width the global optimum solution is
reliably and efficiently found. Automated code optimization decreased model parameter
calculation time by 49x by factoring out common terms from matrix
element computations.


title: Disturbance-based restoration for recovery of pitch pine (Pinus rigida) in the Thousand Islands Ecosystem: a comparison of prescribed fire and mechanical disturbance on seedling regeneration

abstract:
Disturbance plays an important role in maintaining forests worldwide.  Many natural disturbance regimes, especially wildfire, have been modified, which can lead to the loss of disturbance adapted forest communities.  Pinus rigida (pitch pine) is strongly associated with wildfire in the core of its range, however the association becomes less certain towards the species’ range margins.  I tested the efficiency of a prescribed fire and mechanical disturbance treatment on increasing P. rigida seedlings using a Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) design at two sites at the northeast range margin of
P. rigida in the Thousand Islands Ecosystem, Canada.  Fire had the greatest effect on regenerating P. rigida seedlings and mechanical treatments were ineffective.  My results suggest that the use of prescribed fire is the best approach to increase P. rigida seedlings in the Thousand Islands Ecosystem, possibly because these populations are exhibiting phenotypic plasticity in traits that favour conditions created by fire.


title: Computational Fluid Dynamic Solver Based on Cellular Discrete-Event Simulation for use in Biological Systems

abstract:
The use of computer simulations in biology and the medical research field has gained in popularity. These simulations are providing researchers the opportunity to better predict the behavior of biological systems before performing long and expensive physical trials. The modeling of large biological systems would benefit from a method of approximating fluid flow quickly and accurately.
The Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) has rarely been used for modeling the physics of fluid flow. In this thesis we show how Cell-DEVS, a derivative of the DEVS formalism that conforms to the
Cellular Automata parameters, can be used to provide realistic approximations of fluid flow. The goal of the Cell-DEVS based CFD model will be to accurately approximate the fluid flow with minimal computational effort. Furthermore, the design of the solver should be such that it can be easily adjusted for use in a wide range of biological systems.


title: Optimal Intertemporal Pricing Strategies for Firms Introducing New Products

abstract:
Firms can significantly improve their performance upon the introduction of a new product by following an intertemporal pricing strategy which predicts the adoption of the product through time. Four reasons for gradual adoption are explored: delayed purchase, awareness, social pressures and informational needs. The firm does better by pricing a straightforward new product at a lower introductory price when the product is quite visible to other potential adopters when an individual adopts. Differences in price-sensitivity among consumers also impact the firm’s optimal strategy. Products for
which the social relevance varies considerably or for which the average perceived social risk of adoption is high cannot necessarily benefit from a low introductory price. A high initial price which decreases through time is better when consumers are varied in their need for information, when on average, much information is needed and when the information generated by other adopters is forgotten more quickly.


title: Reduced Capacitor Eight Bit SAR Analog to Digital Converter

abstract:
The charge sharing SAR ADC is a hybrid between the binary weighted SAR ADC and
the serial SAR ADC.The charge sharing SAR ADC has less capacitors, and therefore
less die area and less leakage than a binary weighted SAR ADC.  It’s conversion time is
less than the serial SAR ADC because it uses a capacitor array with more capacitors
than the serial SAR ADC.
The simulated signal to noise ratio (SNR) was measured to be 49.9dB.  The simulated signal to noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) was measured to be 48.72dB.  The simulated effective number
of bits (ENOB) was measured to be 7.8bits.
The simulated total harmonic distortion
(THD) was measured to be -60.3dB.  The simulated spurious free dynamic range (SFDR)
was measured to be 60.4dB.  The simulated worst case dynamic nonlinearity, differential
non-linearity (DNL) and integral non-linearity (INL) are less than 1/2 least significant
bit (LSB).


title: Improved Jamming-Resistant Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Systems

abstract:
Frequency hopping spread spectrum is widely used in military applications to
provide communication between command posts, soldiers, vehicles, sensors, missile
launchers, etc. It provides good protection against the effects of frequency selective
fading, and can be robust in jamming environments. Traditional frequency hopping
spread spectrum involves dividing the available spectrum into a large number of
sub-bands, and hopping over these sub-bands in a pseudo-random fashion, but there
are different implementations within this general framework that can deliver better
performance.
In
this thesis, we present several existing frequency hopping spread spectrum
schemes and we investigate their performance in the presence of frequency selective
fading and adaptive partial band jamming. We optimize the control parameters
of matched frequency hopping, clipped matched frequency hopping and advanced
frequency hopping to enhance their throughput performance. We also propose three
new random frequency hopping schemes that generate a hopping pattern with the
property of being random over the total bandwidth of the channel but good sub-bands
tend to be selected more frequently.
These new random frequency hopping schemes
provide greater resilience to adaptive jamming and give much higher throughput than
the existing schemes.


title: Investigating the Role of Mortality in Explaining the Negative Road Effect on Birds

abstract:
Lower abundance of forest birds near high traffic roads has been attributed to traffic noise, but the potential role of traffic mortality has not been adequately tested. To test the hypothesis that traffic mortality is an important contributor, I predicted that where there is a higher risk of traffic collision, there would be a stronger decrease in the number of forest birds close to roads over the course of the breeding season. I compared relative abundance of forest birds, at four distances from high traffic roads, at ten sites where the birds were more likely to cross the road (forest on
the other side) vs. at ten sites where they were less likely to cross the road (open field on the other side). The prediction was supported, suggesting that roads bisecting natural areas may create population sinks. This highlights the importance of mitigating traffic mortality in important bird habitats.


title: Unmanned Aeronautical Ad-hoc Networks: Enhancing the Reactive-Greedy-Reactive Protocol and Introducing a New Mobility Model

abstract:
Unmanned Aeronautical Ad-hoc Networks (UAANETs) are infrastructure-less and self-organizing networks that are formed by small and medium sized Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are deployed for a wide range of civilian and military applications.
Having a reliable routing protocol for communication between the UAVs is critical. Our goal in this research is twofold. First, we enhance one of the existing routing protocols, the Reactive-Greedy-Reactive (RGR) protocol. In doing so, we propose the Optimized-RGR. Secondly, we propose the Enhanced Gauss-Markov (EGM) mobility model for UAANET
simulations to replace the widely used, but unrealistic, Random Waypoint (RWP) mobility model.
Simulations performed using the OPNET simulator show that Optimized-RGR outperforms RGR. There is a 5.3% increase in Packet Delivery Ratio at a negligible cost in latency. Furthermore, realistic mobility models, including EGM, show a lot of network partitioning. Therefore, this should be taken very seriously when developing a routing protocol for UAANETs.


title: Tympanal Ears in Nyphalidae Butterflies: Morphological Diversity and Tests on the Function of Hearing

abstract:
Several Nymphalidae butterflies possess a sensory structure called the Vogel’s organ (VO) that is proposed to function in hearing. However, little is known about the VO’s structure, taxonomic distribution or function. My first research objective was to examine VO morphology and its accessory structures across taxa. Criteria were established to categorize development levels of butterfly VOs and tholi. I observed that enlarged forewing veins are associated with the VOs of several species within two subfamilies of Nymphalidae. Further, I discovered a putative light/temperature-sensitive organ
associated with the VOs of several Biblidinae species. The second objective was to test the hypothesis that insect ears function to detect bird flight sounds for predator avoidance. Neurophysiological recordings collected from moth ears show a clear response to flight sounds and chirps from a live bird in the laboratory. Finally, a portable electrophysiology rig was developed to further test this hypothesis in future field studies.


title: Non Uniform Deposition of pMDI Aerosol in a Large Volume Spacer

abstract:
Chronic lower respiratory tract diseases have been cited as the fourth leading cause of death in Canada in both 2000 and 2009 [1]. Pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) administer medication for patients suffering from these disorders, in particular for asthma. Medication released from a pMDI can be difficult to inhale directly, and add-on devices have been designed to aid delivery.
While add-on devices, or spacers, increase the percentage of medication that reaches the patient, medication also deposits on the walls of the device.
The deposition of medication within a large volume
spacer is studied, using spectrophotometry for experiments and computational fluid dynamics, implementing mean-flow and turbulent tracking of particles. Regions of deposition are of interest, as well as the way that the deposition varied for different inhalation flow rates. The aim is to determine optimal inhalation flow rate as well as studying the cause of the non-symmetrical deposition.


title: Network Traffic Characterization Using (p,n)-grams Packet Representation

abstract:
With the ever increasing advances in network protocols and traffic complexity, new challenges are emerging in traffic characterization and management. In this thesis, we propose a new approach that can complement existing ones with a simple high-level understanding of network traffic. Our approach uses (p,n)-grams representation to analyze network traffic, where a (p,n)-gram is an $-byte string starting at offset p.
We argue that the (p,n)-grams representation combines the efficiency of using specific packet fields (e.g. ports) with the generalized pattern matching of n-grams, without
the complexity and overhead of full packet pattern matching. We also show that using (p,n)-grams allows for traffic analysis at all packet parts (payload content, header port/flow, and other header behavior fields), without mixing between similar patterns that may accidentally exist at different fields within packets.
As a proof of concept, we develop a (p,n)-gram-based lightweight unsupervised clustering algorithm (ADHIC) that makes no prior assumptions about the involved protocols. We show that ADHIC can automatically cluster network traffic using a binary decision tree into equivalence
classes that closely approximate standard measures of network traffic. We also show that ADHIC can be used to monitor network traffic through observing the dynamic updates to the clustering tree. Those incremental updates highlight the temporal changes in network traffic that are not easily detected using standard network analysis methods.
We then research the characteristics and distributions of (p,n)-grams in network packets, and how they can be utilized for traffic analysis. In particular, we argue that (p,n)-grams have automatic fingerprinting capability where a simple frequency
analysis of network packets can capture structural (p,n)-grams based on their relative high frequencies. These (p,n)-grams represent protocol and sub-protocol structures and cross-protocol patterns.
We observe that (p,n)-grams follow a power-law-like distribution where the structural ones constitute the rapidly-dropping-off curve before the long tail. We argue that this special distribution adds to the efficiency of (p,n)-grams-based traffic analysis as it describes structural (p,n)-grams as 1) a small set of (p,n)-grams that 2) can be easily distinguished from the long list. Our
observation relies on a thorough empirical analysis using independent network traffic traces.


title: Farewell to Rural Nova Scotia?  A Participatory Action Study of Rural Youth Migration in Atlantic Canada

abstract:
Recently, outward migration from rural communities in the province is an issue that is gaining increased attention due to the economic and community ramifications of significant migration trends. Using a participatory action research approach, this study focuses on the lived experiences of young adults who grew up in one rural community. Qualitative interviews were done with eight participants who have either stayed in, left, or returned to their rural hometown.
An analysis was completed using political economy and structural social work theories in order to understand these key factors and
possible points for action. Key findings include the need for more relevant guidance for rural youth in high school and later in life, community development strategies that focus on young adults, and increased government attention and consultation on rural youth issues.


title: Ion Extraction and Counting System for Barium Tagging in Gaseous Xenon for the Enriched Xenon Observatory

abstract:
The Enriched Xenon Observatory is an experiment in the search of the neutrinoless
double beta decay of 136Xe. A positive observation and measurement of the decay
rate would determine fundamental properties of the neutrinos, such as their nature
(Majorana or Dirac) and their absolute mass scale.
The identification of the barium daughter product of the decay via laser induced
fluorescence would allow a background free measurement of the process and would
improve the detection sensitivity to reach neutrino masses on the order of 10 meV.
As one of the main components of the barium
tagging concept in gaseous xenon, a
mass spectrometry system consisting of ion extraction, transport, mass identification
and counting devices was designed, developed and characterized for this work. The
implementation of a nanoelectrospray ionization source coupled to micron sized insulated
nozzles for ion extraction from high pressure gas into vacuum of both singly
and doubly charged states of barium was demonstrated.


title: Hidden Authority, Public Display:  Representations of First Nations Peoples at the Calgary Stampede, 1912-1970

abstract:
This dissertation addresses the intersections of race, performance, and cultural representation in Canada’s prairie west by examining settler expectations of First Nations participation in the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede, 1912-1970.  In North America, Aboriginal peoples have played prominent roles in historical pageants and Wild West shows, including the Calgary Stampede.  These venues presented specific depictions of the North American indigenous population and reinforced constructed identities that were, at times, in conflict with one another.  At the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede
members of the Siksika, Kainai, Piikani, Tsuu T’ina, and Stoney Nakoda nations worked with (and sometimes against) Stampede organizers, Indian Agents, and city officials to lend authenticity to the western narrative.
At the Stampede, First Nations’ participation was organized by public officials, businessmen, and Indian Agents to reflect (and repeat) specific ideas about the development of Calgary and the prairie west.  Often “Indians” were situated in public events to draw a comparison between the progress of a modern city and the less civilized past.  The depictions of Aboriginality on
Stampede ephemera, as well as the involvement and performance of members of the Treaty 7 Nations in parades, street displays, and the Indian Village, shaped the memory of audiences and other performers.  Stampede organizers and city officials portrayed Calgary as a “civilized” space which was no longer “wild,” and required signifiers of the past, such as First Nations men and women, to represent what existed before.  As mediums of memory, First Nations participants provided an “Other” against which “civilized” Calgarians could be compared.
Popular cultural events like the Stampede
replicated the power structures evident in what are considered more overt colonial contexts like the reserve system or residential schools.  There was a strategic attempt by white organizers to control expressions of Aboriginal identity and culture at the Calgary Stampede by regulating what was appropriate and inappropriate. Furthermore, the Department of Indian Affairs was concerned with the representation of “Indian” at the Stampede and attempted to restrict First Nations involvement.   However, the Stampede also provides an example of how members of the Treaty 7 Nations developed
approaches for operating within oppressive frameworks.


title: Kinematic Calibration of Serial Manipulators Using Relative Measurements

abstract:
Kinematic calibration is necessary to enhance the accuracy of robotic manipulators. It is typically desired to perform this task in both a cost-effective
and time-efficient manner. Many techniques exist in the literature that achieve both goals.
In this thesis, a novel model-based kinematic calibration method using relative measurements is developed and implemented, which has proven to be useful
for optical measurements, and is capable of achieving the same level of accuracy as the typical absolute measurement methods. Furthermore, the effects
of measurement noise, the number of
measured poses, and the best pose configurations for kinematic calibration are investigated.
Both a Thermo CRS A465 and a 7 DOF WAM Arm were used in this thesis. The results for the WAM Arm lead to a significant improvement in the end-effector
pose accuracy. The implication is that the relative measurement concept is a valid tool for model-based kinematic calibration of serial manipulators.


title: Deformation and Stresses Generated on The Bolted Flange Joint Assembly and The Grayloc Clamp Connector at Elevated Temperatures

abstract:
Finite element analyses were performed to investigate the leakage and structural integrity of the bolted flange joint assembly (BFJA) and Grayloc clamp connector (GCC), when each assembly was subjected to bolt preload, internal pressure and thermal loadings. The thermal loadings were divided into spatially-uniform and spatially-nonuniform temperatures. The internal pressure for both assemblies was 27 MPa. The BFJA was found to have satisfactory leakage and structural performance for the thermal loadings expected on the low-temperature (260 °C) side of the Carleton Supercritical Water (CSCW)
loop. The GCC was found to have satisfactory leakage and structural performance for the thermal loadings expected on the high-temperature (600 °C) side of the CSCW loop. The leakage integrity of the GCC was found to fail for temperature gradients as high as 100 °C. The use of the GCC on the exit of the test section employed on the CSCW loop was not recommended.


title: Proof-of-Concept Inverse Micro-Scale Dispersion Modelling for Fugitive Emissions Quantification in Industrial Facilities

abstract:
A proof-of-concept study was conducted to locate and quantify fugitive emissions within a gas processing plant with inverse micro-scale dispersion modelling.  A synthetic wind field and receptor observations were generated for a simplified model of a gas processing plant.  Source reconstruction was performed with an objective function that measured the misfit of candidate emission source distributions.  The objective function gradient was evaluated with adjoint sensitivity analysis, and the candidate emission source distribution that minimized the objective function was found using the
L-BFGS-B optimization algorithm.  The inverse dispersion model was tested under non-ideal conditions such as multiple emission sources, unfavourable receptor coverage, and the addition of observational noise.  In an effort to mitigate the prediction of false emission sources, objective function regularization and emission source filtering were investigated.  It was found that a combination of regularization and filtering achieved the best estimates of the emission locations and total emission rates.


title: A Client-Oriented Solution for Optimistic Replication of Cloud Services

abstract:
This dissertation presents a novel approach to enable tunable tradeoffs between performance and consistency for geographically replicated cloud services. The end goal of the approach is to have a solution by which replication is able to improve the overall performance of the system while inconsistency due to optimistic message delivery is bounded in both time and space. We achieve the latter goal with an eagerly executed commit layer that detects and solves conflicts in parallel with the optimistic replication layer.
We believe such a solution not only solves the performance bottleneck of
replicated services but also enables a full spectrum of tunability which will further allow applications to choose the best strategy to balance the tradeoff between performance and consistency for their replicated services. The new solution differs from the traditional eventual consistency model by providing a capability to solve conflicts in an online manner and to leverage the explicit role of clients in specifying the consistency requirements.
Experiments on a prototype system in a real cloud environment are described, that show that the Client Oriented Layered Optimistic Replication
(or COLOR) is feasible, and which evaluate the achievable tradeoffs between performance and consistency on a realistic example system under load, distributed over five replicas in two continents. The prototype shows that COLOR provides a well defined programming model to assist application developers to control the replication of their cloud services without resorting to the otherwise non-guarantee eventual consistency model in face of performance challenges.


title: Perception-Motivated High-Quality Stylization

abstract:
Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) algorithms are used to produce stylized images, e.g., in a painted or stippled style. This thesis presents a new family of automatic methods  for effects and styles including halftoning, screening, stippling, line art, and mosaics. Our proposed algorithms are motivated by perceptual effects including contrast and similarity to present structure preservation. Meanwhile, the novelty also shows in exploring primitives in distribution for our NPR algorithms.
First, we propose a novel contrast-aware error diffusion algorithm based on a priority-based scheme,
called Prioritized Contrast-based Error Diffusion (CED), to generate stylized imagery. The core idea of this technique is to implicitly and progressively preserve the original tendency in contrast.  This method generates halftoning with a success in similarities for tone, structure, and contrast, and with good visual appearance. We extend Prioritized CED with variations on masks and priority configuration to create screening style with non-uniform patterns. To apply Prioritized CED to stippling generation, we design a new modification to the contrast-aware error distribution to provide
density control in dot distribution. A set of varied stippling styles are produced. Thanks to the good structure preservation, all resulting effects are quite good. We also propose a technique of pixel clustering and employ skeletonization for generation of line art with long strokes. Pixel clustering produces long lines by processing a set of pixels, which align along the edge guidance from a smoothed bilateral filter on an edge tangent field (ETF). Skeletonization captures large-scale structure of an image. We can create simplified line art with clean and elegant visual appearance.
Second, we propose a novel automatic approach to construct an artistic tessellation (AT) through the growth of curves in a particle system. The core idea is to present similarity, and in addition, to consider spatial balance during curve growth. The AT method is applied to create natural and abstract patterns. The further exploration guided by a bilateral smoothed ETF from an image can simulate stained-glass mosaics.


title: Near-Field Explosion Effects on the Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Columns: A Numerical Investigation

abstract:
Recent terrorist attacks and accidental explosions have increased the need to study the behaviour of structures subjected to blast loadings. Most research work investigating the behaviour of reinforced concrete columns to blast loading have concentrated on their response from far-field explosions. Limited amount of work is available on the effects of near-field explosion on behaviour of reinforced concrete columns. This thesis presents a parametric numerical study to investigate the effects of near-field explosions on the response behaviour of reinforced concrete columns. The study included
effects on scaled distances and tie spacing on behaviour of columns. The numerical analysis showed that for increasing charge masses, the natural period of vibration of reinforced concrete columns increased.  Also the effects of tie spacing were markedly noticeable at lower scaled distances. Peak column deflections at higher scaled distances occurred mid-height while peak column deflections at lower scaled distances occurred closer to the column supports.


title: Hydraulic Performance of Compacted Clay Liners (CCLS) Under Simulated Landfill Conditions

abstract:
Experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the hydraulic performance of Compacted Clay Liners (CCLs) in landfills before waste placement and after waste placement. Results exhibited positive correlation between CCLs’ hydraulic conductivity and plasticity indices when CCLs exposed to daily thermal or wet-dry cycles. Overlaying the CCL with a layer of geomembrane minimized the effects of daily thermal and wet-dry cycles.  After waste placement, the hydraulic conductivity for CCL specimens increased by two to three times their initial values when exposed to 55℃ for 75 days. Initial
increase in hydraulic conductivities for all CCL specimens occurred when the permeant was changed from tap water to leachate. However, as the leachate exposure time increased, hydraulic conductivity readings decreased to as low as one order of magnitude after 75 days of leachate permeation at room temperature. The rate of hydraulic conductivity reduction due to leachate permeation was slower at higher temperatures.


title: When Europe Re-Built the Neighbourhood:  City Beautiful, Hull-House, and the Emergence of American Internationalism, 1890-1920

abstract:
Alice Hamilton, Grace Abbott, and Frederic C. Howe were members of a well-educated, white middle-class that burgeoned around the turn-of-the-century in the United States, and they embraced “Progressivism” and pacifism. In the flow of people, ideas, and culture that criss-crossed the North Atlantic, creating the intricate networks that formed an “international consciousness,” Hamilton, Abbott, and Howe were also involved.
In Chicago and Cleveland, however, their encounters with European culture were informed by shifting conventions of gender. At Hull-House in Chicago, Hamilton and Abbott
observed the social transformations induced by mass immigration, and were forced to admit their education was not directly relevant. Drawing upon pragmatism and feminism, they learned to emphasize the subjectivity of experience, to view culture as a cooperative balance of diverse values, and to conceive of identity and knowledge as products of social and historic circumstances. By using these principles, they came to perceive American and European domestic spaces as two parts of an inclusive community.
In Cleveland, corruption and chaotic growth convinced Howe that reform must be
initiated by “public-spirited” men who privileged collective well-being, were familiar with “civilized” European cities, and experimented with reform. Mayor Tom L. Johnson, who tried to reclaim local democracy with tent meetings, three cent fares, public (municipal) ownership of key utilities, amongst other reforms, commissioned architect Daniel H. Burnham to develop the Group Plan (1903), which drew heavily upon Beaux-Arts traditions, before rebuilding downtown. Inspired, Howe returned to Europe to study male civic leadership. The purpose of an international community, as he perceived it,
was the unlimited exchange of information between public-spirited men.
Internationalism was therefore gendered. This dissertation argues this happened within American cities where Hamilton, Abbott, and Howe had novel experiences and encountered European people, ideas, and architectural traditions as they were integrated within Chicago and Cleveland during an intense period of trans-Atlantic sharing. By using collective biography to examine the effects of domestic gendered experience on perceptions of internationalism, this dissertation reveals how local and global traditions converged in
ways that altered definitions of power, culture, and community at local, national, and international levels


title: "Marching Must Be Dignified": The Government of Parades in Northern Ireland

abstract:
In July 1996, public disorder associated with parades in Northern Ireland amounted to a significant crisis for the state. The result was the creation of an independent commission, known as the Northern Ireland Parades Commission, to manage how parades take place. This dissertation is concerned with the governing strategies and tactics deployed by the Parades Commission since its inception in 1997. It is concerned with the practical means through which the attempt was made to constitute the spaces and politics of parading as an object of government. Michel Foucault's study of
governmentality, as well as the subsequent development of his work by other scholars, provides the overall approach to this thesis. I argue that in the mid-1990s, early attempts to repress, ban, and prohibit parading give way in important degrees to attempts to encourage, entice and direct the conduct of individuals and groups. The strategies, tactics, administrative procedures, and discourses deployed by the Commission aimed to capture and reorganize local symbolic politics and political relations in Northern Ireland in ways deemed conducive to peaceful parading. This study also concerns
itself with the challenges, problems and resistances faced by the Commission. In particular, it takes into account the ways in which the lack of political consensus and the history of political conflict in Northern Ireland has shaped the governing project, as well as the ways in which the attempt to govern a symbolic display challenged the processes and practices of government. This thesis ultimately shows how the Commission's attempts proved unsuccessful: as evident by the constant challenges faced by the body, the spaces and politics of parading are elusive and difficult to constitute;
the government of parades has required persistent experimentation which continues to present day.


title: Solidarity by Association:  The Unionization of Faculty, Academic Librarians and Support Staff at Carleton University (1973-1976)

abstract: In the mid-1970s, three employee groups at Carleton University changed campus labour relations dramatically: the professors and librarians who belonged to the Carleton University Academic Staff formed the first Ontario faculty union in June 1975; nine months later the Ontario Labour Relations Board certified the Carleton University Support Staff Association as the bargaining agent for the administrative and technical staff. The history of faculty labour action at Carleton has been told but not that of either academic librarians or support staff so this case of unionism provides a unique opportunity to compare their experiences. Working primarily with oral histories, I argue that status was critical to mobilizing labour action at Carleton. These employees—many of whom were women—wanted a fair workplace but deliberately chose an independent association over a trade union because such “solidarity by association” was compatible with their deeply held beliefs about their work and place on campus.


title: Semiparametric Marginal Models For Incomplete Binary Longitudinal Data With Dropouts

abstract:
In  this thesis, we explore semiparametric marginal models for binary longitudinal data with dropouts. We are specifically interested in the joint estimation of the marginal mean parameters and association parameters by second order generalized estimating equations when the marginal mean response model is partially linear.
First, we propose and explore a set of weighted generalized estimating equations (GEEs) for fitting regression models to longitudinal binary responses when there are dropouts. Under a given missing data mechanism, the proposed method provides unbiased estimators of the
regression parameters and association parameters. Simulations were carried out to study the robustness properties of the proposed method under both correctly specified and misspecified correlation structures. The method is also illustrated in an analysis of some actual incomplete longitudinal data on cigarette smoking trends, which were used to study coronary artery development in young adults.
We also developed a semiparametric approach to analyzing longitudinal binary data. We applied second order GEE approach to analyze longitudinal binary responses under partially linear single-index
models. We use the local polynomial smoothing technique to estimate the single-index parameters. We study the empirical properties of the proposed method in simulations. Our simulation study demonstrates that if the true underlying model is partially linear, then our proposed method generally provides unbiased and efficient estimators. The proposed method is also applied to some real data sets obtained from two longitudinal studies.
Next, we propose a weighted local linear kernel method and a weighted second order GEE approach for simultaneous estimation of  the single-index, regression
and association parameters in partially linear single-index models with dropouts. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to some clinical data obtained from a  Genetic and Inflammatory Marker of Sepsis (GenIMS) study. The estimates of the single-index showed strong evidence of nonlinear trend in the mean response function. It is evident from this application that our proposed methods can be used to improve the efficiency of the estimates obtained from an ordinary GEE model for binary longitudinal data with dropouts.


title: Cartilage Simulation Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

abstract:
Abnormal bone growth in the hip joint causing increased stress during motion is a condition known as Femoral Acetabular Impingement (FAI). FAI is considered to be a primary cause of osteoarthritis in this joint due to wear of articular cartilage. A computer simulation for preoperative evaluation of FAI requires the representation of cartilage for accurate force and stress determination, but current methodologies such as the finite element method (FEM) do not simultaneously provide both the accuracy and the computational speed necessary for such a representation. In this thesis, a fast and
accurate simulation of articular cartilage is proposed using adaptations of previous research and unique extensions to the method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). Strong correlation is found between simulations of compression and indentation experiments of cartilage with previously published experimental results, with simulations operating in excess of real-time rates.


title: Development of Biocompatible Aptamer Films as Smart Materials for Novel Fertilizer Systems

abstract:
Aptamers are short, single stranded nucleic acids that fold into well-defined 3D structures which bind to a single target molecule with affinities and specificities that can rival antibodies.  The compatibility of aptamers with nanostructures such as thin films, in combination with their inherent properties could set the foundation for the development of smart materials.  This research will focus on development of a biocompatible aptamer-polyelectrolyte film system for use in controlled-release applications.  We demonstrated the ability of the sulforhodamine B aptamer to function while
sequestered in a chitosan-hyaluronan film matrix.  Our results also suggest that deposition conditions play a strong role in the internal film interactions and growth mechanism.  As a secondary objective, the protective role of the polyelectrolytes against nuclease-mediated aptamer degradation was investigated.  This research has the potential to revolutionize materials used in controlled-release platforms with possible application to fertilizer systems which will be discussed.


title: Ultrasonic Signal Processing for Continuous Measurements of Tissue Displacement and Thickness During Muscle Contraction

abstract:
Tissue displacement and thickness are useful parameters for quantifying muscle function. These parameters can be obtained using ultrasound with high frame rate and reasonable spatial resolution. However, a conventional hand-held ultrasonic probe that is bulky, rigid, and heavy may not be suitable for continuous muscle monitoring during physical activities. This research aimed to measure tissue displacement and thickness variation during muscle contraction using a wearable ultrasonic sensor. However, the energy of the transmitted ultrasonic waves using the wearable ultrasonic sensor is lower
than that of a conventional probe. In order to overcome this issue, selected signal processing techniques were applied and compared. It was found in the numerical simulation experiments that the frequency-domain techniques, in particular LQ-factorization, had better tracking accuracy than the time-domain techniques. In the in-vivo experiment, ultrasonic signals were acquired at a forearm during isometric contraction. The tissue boundary displacements and thickness changes were successfully obtained


title: Extraversion and Counter-Dispositional Behaviour: Exploring Consequences and the Impact of Situation-Behaviour Congruence

abstract:
People behave differently from one moment to the next and thus are frequently behaving ‘out of character’ or counter to their dispositions.  Previous research exploring acting out of character indicated that acting extraverted was associated with increases in positive affect for both trait introverts and trait extraverts, whereas acting introverted was associated with cognitive control costs, but only for trait extraverts.  These asymmetrical negative consequences can be partially explained by counter-dispositional behaviour as it may consume mental resources through monitoring and modifying
behaviour.  I proposed that previous research exploring counter-dispositional behaviour has neglected the importance of situational effects.  Research demonstrates that contra-normative behaviour is depleting.  Previous findings of costs for acting ‘out of character’ were limited to when behaviour was also incongruent with situational norms.  Thus, I extended this line of inquiry by using the acting paradigm in introverted situations.  I posited that there would be negative costs associated with acting extraverted, as it was contra-situational.  I also posited that there would be even greater
costs for dispositional introverts as they were also behaving counter-dispositionally.  In two studies, I created introverted situations and randomly assigned participants to one of three experimental conditions (act extraverted, act introverted or control condition).  In study 1 (N = 158), participants in the acting extraverted condition reported more positive affect, enjoyment, valence, and authenticity.  Furthermore, no effects of cognitive fatigue were found.  Thus, the hypothesized costs of acting extraverted were not found.  In study 2 (N = 85) acting instructions were modified to
highlight the positive features of introversion and the negative features of extraversion.  Study 2 also employed naïve confederates so that feedback was uniform across conditions.  Unlike previous acting studies, study 2 found no benefits for acting extraverted, but did find that participants reported the most effort and least authenticity when acting extraverted.  Study 2 results suggest contra-situational costs, but these did not differ by disposition.  Previous research and study 1 demonstrate benefits for acting extraverted and suggest that introverts may be happier by behaving
extraverted more often.  Study 2 provides a critical caveat that this may not always be true.


title: Age and Geochemical Character of Granite and Syenite Plutons in the Grenville Province of Southeastern Ontario; Insights into Magmatism During the Ottawan Orogeny and Evidence of the Frontenac Intrusive Suite in the Sharbot Lake Domain

abstract:
Seven plutons in the Composite Arc Belt and Frontenac terrane of the Grenville Province are herein determined to be part of the Kensington-Skootamatta intrusive suite. The syenite-monzonite and granite-monzogranite plutons have crystallization ages of ca. 1086-1072 Ma and ca. 1077-1067 Ma, respectively. In general, the plutons are shoshonitic, metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, and alkalic to calc-alkalic. The plutons have conflicting trace element signatures that suggest a within-plate tectonic setting with a weak remnant suprasubduction zone signature and a depleted mantle isotopic
signature of εNd 2-5. This geochemistry points to derivation of these melts through fractionation of an alkaline basalt or partial melting of quartzofeldspathic crust. Melt generation was perhaps initiated by crustal delamination, and further heated through insulation by overthickened crust and the Midcontinent Rift magmatic system. Two other plutons that were studied have ca. 1180-1160 Ma crystallization ages and geochemical characteristics similar to the Frontenac intrusive suite.


title: Behavioural correlates of atypical brain morphology in individuals with high levels of autistic-like traits

abstract:
The current study investigated whether atypical brain morphology extends to individuals in the normal population who are high in autistic-like traits. It was hypothesised that autistic-like traits would be negatively correlated with hemispheric lateralization and communication. Additionally, males and individuals enrolled in mathematically intensive university programs were expected to display higher levels of autistic-like traits than females and individuals enrolled in less mathematically intensive programs. A sample of 130 university students completed the AQ questionnaire and three
measures of brain morphology to assess autistic-like traits as well as hemispheric lateralization and communication. Results indicated that autistic-like traits were not associated with measures of hemispheric lateralization or communication. Only group differences based on university program yielded significant results on the AQ. It was concluded that the measures were not sensitive enough to detect atypical brain morphology differences in the present sample or that these differences do not exist in subclinical populations.


title: Numerical Investigations of Instability and Transition in Attached and Separated Shear Layers

abstract: This integrated thesis documents a series of five complementary numerical investigations aimed at understanding the flow instability and laminar-to-turbulent transition process in attached and separated shear layers. Direct numerical simulation was used in these studies to accurately resolve the spatial and temporal scales of the simulated flows. The first two investigations simulate the flow in an idealized computational domain that approximates the conditions on the suction surface of a low-pressure turbine (LPT) blade. The first study investigates the interaction of the Tollmien-Schlichting instability in the attached-flow region with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the separated-flow region. The interaction produces packets of coherent vortices that facilitate transition to a fully-turbulent boundary layer. The effect of swept-blade conditions on the transition process is investigated in the second numerical study by sweeping the simulation domain by 45 degrees. The resulting three-dimensional pressure field creates the potential for a crossflow-induced instability mode, but its effect on the transition process is minimal and transition follows the same mechanisms observed in the unswept configuration. The characteristics of the coherent vortices that facilitate transition to turbulence in the first study are further investigated through a series of fundamental studies of an isolated turbulent spot that is triggered by a transverse jet. The first of these fundamental studies demonstrates the sensitivity of the formation and structure of the coherent vortices to the level of free-stream acceleration. A subsequent fundamental study identifies the regeneration process by which the turbulent spot grows laterally through the formation of packets of hairpin vortices along the spanwise edges of the spot and longitudinally by the increase in the spatial scale of the hairpin vortices. The final fundamental study investigates the effects of elevated free-stream turbulence levels and LPT-realistic pressure distributions on the transition process. Under elevated turbulence conditions, bypass transition occurs as streamwise streaks form in the laminar boundary layer and roll-up into hairpin-shaped vortices via a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mode that is accelerated by the free-stream turbulence. The wave-packet regeneration model identified under low free-stream turbulence is promoted by elevated free-stream turbulence, increasing the growth-rate of turbulent spots under elevated turbulence conditions.


title: Improving Digital Control System Performance Through a Novel Jitter Compensating Method

abstract:
Software induced delays degrade the performance of a digital control system which can result in violation of performance requirements. Shortcomings of the state-of-the-art include, not considering satisfying plant response characterizing performance requirements, implementation complexity, and extra overhead for the solution. Additionally, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller solution to compensate for input-output and output jitter, to the best of our knowledge was not found.
This research proposes a jitter compensating PID controller. Firstly, the worst case sampling to
output delay, which is one sampling period, is modeled. Secondly, this delay placed between the controller and plant. Finally, the PID controller is designed to satisfy performance requirements. Advantages of this solution include satisfying performance requirements, and unchanged implementation complexity and execution overhead.
Performance results validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution by demonstrating its ability to meet performance requirements in response to a step function, and by tracking a square wave.


title: Gaming with Ghosts: Hauntology, Metanarrative, and Gamespace in Video Games

abstract:
This thesis undertakes a hauntological analysis of video games and their ludonarrative structures. Chapter One argues that avatars are spectral figures within a game’s narrative constructs, and examines the manipulation of time and space in games like Braid (2008) function in conjunction with McKenzie Wark’s concept of gamespace. Chapter Two performs a hauntological analysis of the lore of The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, examining how characters manipulate the fourth wall in acts of metagaming in order to access gamespace from within the game world, culminating in a form of metagamespace.
Chapter Three engages with confessional, anonymous online fan sites to argue that, where metagamespace fails, fans continue to perpetuate extratextual sites of narrative interpretation, further proliferating spectral narrative threads.


title: Blast Hazard Mitigation through Vented Suppressive Shields

abstract:
Vented Suppressive shield (VSS) containers have been used for the storage of hazardous materials, especially explosives. The role of VSS containers is to attenuate the blast pressure and impulse outside the container and to eliminate primary fragment hazard associated with accidental explosions. Most VSS containers are typically designed from experience of previous container testing programs or lessons learned from previous accidents. Another method that is used to analyze and design VSS structures is using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software packages such as AUTODYN that are
expensive, has long computational time as well as requires special expertise to get the best use of it.
The aim of this study is to develop a reliable design methodology that may be used to design the elements of the VSS containers without using CFD software packages. The study begins with defining the vent area ratio for different VSS sections. AUTODYN was used to calculate the pressure outside VSS containers with different scenarios. The obtained data were utilized to develop a set of equations to predict the pressure and impulse outside the container. The pressure values obtained from
the equations showed a good correlation with the results obtained from previous experimental results.
The second part of the thesis was studying the pressure profile on the sidewalls of the containers. The pressure profiles on the sidewall of the containers were studied using 2D AUTODYN models. Some modifications were made to the Friedlander’s waveform equation in order to take into account the effect of internal explosion. The single layer plate configuration was chosen as a control configuration and geometric coefficients were introduced in order to take into account the effect of
different geometric sections. The pressure profiles obtained from the developed equations were compared to those obtained from AUTODYN.
Finally, a single degree of freedom (SDOF) model was developed to study the structural response of the VSS elements due to internal explosion. The SDOF model was able to predict the structural behaviour of steel VSS elements. The results were compared with those obtained from AUTODYN software and a good correlation was found between the two responses.


title: Envisioning Equity: Coalition and Partnership Strategies of Ottawa's Equity and Inclusion Lens

abstract:
This thesis examines the development process of the Equity and Inclusion Lens, a guidebook on inclusive practices designed for City of Ottawa employees, created by a coalition of eleven local community-based social movements in partnership with the City. It analyzes the political strategies pursued by these actors at three interrelated but distinct scales: the City-community partnership, the intersectional coalition of movements, and the individual movements themselves. While the shared strategies adopted by both the coalition and the partnership were generally effective in achieving their
common goals, as well as those specific to each movement, this study argues that the multiple priorities they had to address sometimes contradicted one another. The strategies adopted at the higher scales also played out differently at the scale of the individual movements, as some movement-specific strategies aligned more readily with the shared strategies of the coalition and the partnership, while others ran counter to them.


title: Thermo-Reversible Gelation Of Rod-Coil and Coil-Rod-Coil Molecules Based on Perylene Diimides

abstract:
Polymer gelation is a route to obtain highly organized morphologies. The aim of my thesis was to study the physical gelation of covalently attached perylene diimide (PDI) polymers during their self-assembly. With the gelators used, chain entanglement and network formation trap the solvent causing gelation. Hence, forces such as hydrogen bonding are not a requirement. We first describe the thermo-reversible gelation of PDMS via the physical route, without any functionalization. We discuss a solvent system, propylamine or hexylamine, gelled by PDMS, without any filler, catalysts or chemical
crosslinks.  The simple route to the physical gelation of PDMS was then extended to preparing PDMS attached PDI based gels.  We then continued our work with PDI attached to a water-soluble side chain; here we studied the gelation of PDI, substituted with Jeffamine® on one imide nitrogen (MJ-PTCDI) or both (DJ-PTCDI). Previous studies in our group showed that self-assembly of the PDI was seen in water and aqueous solvent mixtures, but not in the other non-aqueous solvents. In the present case, the morphology of the gels depended on the amount of solvent: non-solvent ratio. For our final
gelator, we attached oligostyrene to both sides of the PDI (PS-PTCDI-PS), to form a coil-rod-coil molecule, and studied its gelation behavior. This differs from the case of coil-rod-coil molecules discussed before; with Di-PDMS, the Tg of the PDMS segment is -125 °C. With DJ-PTCDI, considering that the glass transition temperatures of PEO and PPO are -50 and -75 °C, respectively, the Tg of Jeffamine® can be expected to be about -60 °C. However, here the oligostyrene segment has a Tg of 43 ˚C. We finally used the PS-PTCDI-PS as a guest in its corresponding polystyrene (PS) polymer matrix, in
an attempt to make composite films. We showed that by attaching a side group (oligostyrene) which is compatible with the PS polymer, the mixing would be better. Hence, molecularly dispersed composite film could be obtained. The aim was to fabricate films with no crystallization or phase separation. Further research on these composite polymer films will shed light on their outstanding optical properties.


title: Divergent Disability Rates in Canada: Analysis of the Social Determinants of Disability

abstract:
Reported disability rates in Canada have varied widely between provinces since 1983.  Quebec always reports a disability rate about half the Canadian average while Nova Scotia reports a significantly higher rate than the national average.  This pattern has been consistent for many years, across surveys and disability identification questions.  This research sheds light on possible factors that may influence the robust nature of these discrepancies in the disability rates of these provinces.
This research uses the social determinants of health approach to explore risk factors that are
potentially associated with the onset of disability.  Cross-sectional data are used to examine the details of current disability rates and differences that exist between provinces.  Longitudinal data and survival analysis modelling are used to evaluate the factors influencing the onset of disability over time.  Determining the influence of these factors over time helps understand how disability rates evolved into the current discrepancies.
The findings of this research suggest that Nova Scotia has elevated risks for disability due to a number of factors often related to disability.  Nova
Scotia has one of the oldest age structures in Canada, low levels of income and education combined with high rates of smoking, obesity and poor health.  The combination of these characteristics suggest that the consistently high disability rate in Nova Scotia is logical due to elevated rates for a significant number of risk factors that appear to have a strong influence on the onset of disability.
The results of this research regarding the low disability rates in Quebec are less clear.  Several factors suggest Quebec’s disability rate should be lower than Nova Scotia, but not at an
extremely low level.  The age structures of Quebec and Nova Scotia are remarkably similar yet Quebec reports much lower rates of poor health despite a smoking rate and other risk factors for conditions related to disability that are above the national average.  However, Quebec also reports significantly lower rates of obesity and a variety of chronic conditions such as arthritis, which combine to produce an environment in Quebec where there are fewer conditions that are often associated with disability.


title: Efficient Hermite-based Variability Analysis Using Decoupling Technique

abstract:
During the design and fabrication process of electronic systems, one of the major concerns is predicting the effect of the variability of their geometrical and physical parameters on the general performance of the designed circuits.
To address the above difficulty, this thesis presents a new Hermite-based approach to circuit variability analysis using the Polynomial-Chaos (PC) paradigm. The new approach is aimed at limiting the growth of the computational cost of variability
analysis with the increase in the number of random variables and the number of Hermite coefficients used to
represent the circuit response in each random variable. The proposed method is based on deriving a closed-form for the structure of augmented matrices generated by the PC approach. An algorithm is then developed to decouple the large augmented matrices into independent matrices that can be factorized in parallel. Additionally, the model-order reduction is applied to circuit stochastic analysis using the proposed PC approach.


title: Negotiating Social Practices: The Role of Ubiquitous Computing In Students' Lives

abstract:
This thesis explores how the digital divide goes beyond issues of access. In addition, I argue that the concept of a digital generation, or digital native is too simplistic. While young people are more dependent on ubiquitous computing devices such as cell phones, the way they are interpreting and using these technologies, even among users with the same access to ICTs, is different and varies from user to user. My research shows that while Carleton students see their use of mobile technology as increasingly and undeniably central to the way they communicate, form and express their social
identities and form collectivities, the way they are using these technologies and the meaning they assign them is fluid and changeable, forcing them to constantly negotiate with each other what kind of cell phone use is appropriate.


title: Non-Native Production of Arabic Pharyngeal and Pharyngealized Consonants

abstract:
Grounded on the theoretical constructs of cross-language speech learning, this research investigates English L1 speakers’ production of Arabic pharyngeal and pharyngealized consonants (/ħ, ʕ/ and /tˤ, sˤ, dˤ, ðˤ/, respectively). Central to this study is how English speakers’ proficiency in Arabic affects their ability to produce these sounds differently. In particular, it examines the effect of Arabic proficiency on the production of pharyngealized versus non-pharyngealized consonants; pharyngeals versus non-pharyngeals; pharyngeal versus pharyngealized sounds; intra-category differences
among the target consonants; and pharyngeal and pharyngealized consonants which differ in the adjacent vowel. The study adopts the posttest-only control group design in which Arabic learners and non-learners constitute the research groups. This thesis exploits Best’s (1995) perceptual assimilation model (PAM); Flege’s (1995) speech learning model (SLM) and principles of gestural phonology in interpreting the split-plot ANOVA results. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed based on the study results.


title: The Assessment Of In-Bed Mobility Using Pressure Sensitive Mats

abstract:
Clinical mobility tools have been shown to predict adverse outcomes in elderly patients, yet aren’t used often enough to inform hospital staff on patient health. Integrated computing has therefore become increasingly important and is predicted to improve traditional healthcare. This thesis details the design of an algorithmic system to partially automate a mobility tool. Three pressure sensitive mats were set-up on a hospital bed frame, underneath a mattress. Thirty volunteers enacted five movements on the hospital bed; each movement representative of a different mobility score. These
movements generated pressure data, and a system of algorithms was constructed in a decision tree to automatically classify data. The overall system yielded 96% accuracy, where the misclassifications were due largely to inconsistencies in volunteer performance. These results suggest that this algorithmic system is effective in distinguishing between the mobility enactments examined here, and emphasizes the potential for integrated computing to improve traditional healthcare.


title: 'Are You There God?': Secularization of Religious Narratives in Contemporary Cinema

abstract:
The budding field of religion and film has almost exclusively consisted of works by religious studies scholars. The objective of this thesis is to approach religion and film from a film studies standpoint, with a focus on narrational, stylistic, and genre analysis. The films explored, Silent Light (Carlos Reygadas, Mexico, 2007), Requiem (Hans-Christian Schmid, Germany, 2006), and Take Shelter (Jeff Nichols, USA, 2011), are not a part of the popular Western cinema that dominates religion and film discourses. These independent works about resurrection (Silent Light), possession (Requiem), and
apocalypse (Take Shelter) secularize the religious element of their respective narratives, and as a result, there is room for doubt, hesitation, and a variety of interpretations. The ambiguous sensibility of these films is crucial to this thesis, which aims to complicate the notion of the “religious film.”


title: Identification of Thermal Abnormalities by Analysis of Abdominal Infrared Thermal Images of Neonatal Patients

abstract:
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), is a devastating inflammatory disease of infants for which there is no cure and exact causes remain unknown.  Diagnoses are limited to radiographic findings and in most institutions Modified Bell’s Criteria is used, neither are capable of reliable early detection.  In this thesis, a novel method of abdominal infrared thermal imaging is proposed that allows direct measurements of skin temperature, which are capable of unveiling thermal abnormalities that may indicate intestinal inflammation characteristic of NEC. Abdominal thermal symmetry analysis was
performed, results obtained from the 20 normal and the 9 NEC affected infants were statistically compared. A higher degree of thermal asymmetry was seen with the NEC group in comparison to the Normal group, notably when image enhancement techniques were done. We are hopeful that this new non-contact, non-ionizing method may potentially offer an early diagnostic tool.


title: Redox Ambi-Valence of Phenylcyanamide Ligands in Ruthenium Complexes

abstract:
Four dinuclear ruthenium (II)-terpyridine-bipyridine complexes of bridging substituted (dimethyl-, unsubstituted dichloro- and tetrachloro-) 1,4-dicyanamidebenzene dianion ligands have been synthesized. The singly oxidized complexes were characterized by vis-NIR, IR and EPR spectroscopies which confirm a valence configuration with the oxidized bridging ligand.
               Six dinuclear ruthenium (II)-terpyridine-bipyridine complexes of bridging substituted (tetramethyl-, dimethyl-, unsubstituted, dichloro-, tetrachloro-) azodi(phenylcyanamide) ligands have been synthesized. The  EPR
spectroscopy, supported by IR and vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry of singly oxidized complexes showed a transition in non-innocent behaviour of the bridging ligand and established the ligand-centred radical descriptions for tetramethyl-/dimethyl-,  a delocalized metal-ligand mixed-valence description for unsubstituted, and a localized metal-centred mixed-valence descriptions for dichloro-/tetrachloro- azodi(phenylcyanamide) complexes.
               Six mononuclear ruthenium (II)-(dmso-S)-bipyridine complexes of substituted (pentachloro-, tetrachloro-, trichloro-, dichloro-, monochloro- and
unsubstituted) phenylcyanamide monoanion ligands were synthesized and characterized. The complexes exhibited photo-induced Ru-S to Ru-O and thermal Ru-O to Ru-S linkage isomerism in solutions and solid polymer films. The quantum yields (0.43-0.06) of photo-induced Ru-S to Ru-O linkage isomerism are shown to decrease with increasing donor properties of the phenylcyanamide ligand. The thermal Ru-O to Ru-S back reaction (k = 4.52 – 2.61 x 10-3 s-1) showed a modest decrease with decrease in the donor properties of the phenylcyanamide ligand. The scan rate dependent cyclic voltammograms
demonstrated redox-induced Ru-S to Ru-O and Ru-O to Ru-S linkage isomerism and provided estimates of ground state isomerism rates.  DFT calculations established the non-innocent behaviour of phenylcyanamide ligands.
               Five mononuclear neutral ruthenium (III)-terpyridine-chloride complexes of substituted (pentachloro-, tetrachloro-, trichloro-, dichloro-, monochloro-) phenylcyanamide monoanion ligands were synthesized. The paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy of complexes in dimethylsulfoxide provided estimates of pi-carbon spin density distributions of phenylcyanamide ligands (0.7-3.0
%) and suggested a Ru(III)-centred spin in disagreement with the gas-phase DFT spin density calculations which gave mostly ligand-centred spin. It is suggested that specific solvent-solute interactions stabilize the Ru(III) oxidation state.


title: Behaviour and Energetics of Sturgeon Fishway Passage

abstract:
Global reliance on water resource development has resulted in the disconnection of key migratory pathways for numerous fish species, leading to population declines. Fishways represent one solution for reinstating connectivity, although their biological effectiveness often remains unknown and the mechanisms contributing to successful passage for most species is poorly understood. This thesis applied an interdisciplinary approach to investigate fishway passage by lake sturgeon. Identification of key spawning habitats downstream of a dam equipped with a fishway revealed that attraction and
passage efficiency of the fishway unlikely limit reproductive success in this population of lake sturgeon; nevertheless, lake sturgeon still locate and pass the fishway annually. Overall fishway passage efficiency was 36% and successful passage was unrelated to adult sturgeon size or water temperatures. Successful passage events were highly variable in duration, and turning basins within the fishway considerably delayed passage and increased failure rates, leading to speculation that variability in energy use resulting from path selection may be a possible mechanism for delayed or failed
passage. New methods were developed for the field quantification of sturgeon swimming activity and energy use using animal-borne accelerometers. Calibrations demonstrated the utility of accelerometers as a direct measure of volitional swimming speed and identified that sturgeon are capable of swimming at speeds in excess of those previously observed. Field application identified that sturgeon rarely used high speed swimming to traverse the fishway and that energy use was not predictive of successful passage, although successful individuals exhibited a higher cost of transport. Successful
fishway passage resulted in an energetic cost equivalent to individuals travelling 2.1–13.3 km in a lentic system. Other endogenous (i.e. internal state, navigational ability) or exogenous (i.e. fine scale hydraulics) factors possibly influence passage success, although these remain unknown and represent an area for future research on sturgeon and numerous other species. Fishways remain a promising solution for maintaining connectivity in fragmented systems and this thesis serves as a useful model for gaining insight into fishway effectiveness for a single species. It also highlights the
challenges and necessary knowledge required to ensure optimal habitats are available to all species.


title: A Landscape-Scale Assessment of Holocene Fire Regime Controls in South-Eastern British Columbia, Canada

abstract:
Multiple vegetation and forest fire history records were established by analyzing Holocene-aged lake sediment stratigraphies collected across a vegetation and elevation gradient in southeast British Columbia, Canada. The stratigraphies were dated using radiometric techniques, lead-210 and radiocarbon dating, and tephrochronology and were examined to understand the spatial controls of forest fires and how those controls varied in importance throughout the Holocene in response to orbital geometry variations, climatic change, forest composition changes, and fuel abundance within the watersheds.
Local conditions have been shown to be important controls of fire activity in the region, but can be overridden by other broad-scale factors such as climate. Aspect was shown to be an important spatial control of fire frequencies at mid elevation Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir forests. At subalpine elevations, fuel abundance within the catchment was important in explaining millennial to centennial scale fire frequencies. When investigating past biomass burning, the analysis of macroscopic charcoal morphologies permits a more nuanced analysis of the temporal variability in fuel sources and
taphonomic processes in a watershed. This study contributes to our knowledge of the varying spatial controls at the landscape scale of Holocene forest fires in mountainous southeastern British Columbia, to understand the influence of local and broad-scales controls of biomass burning and to the analysis of sediment-charcoal morphologies.


title: Re-routing Pathways to Depression: Effects of Mindfulness on Internalized Stigma, Appraisals, Coping and Depressive Symptoms

abstract:
Despite increasing research and accessibility of treatment, depression remains a leading cause of global disease and disability, and depression rates among young adults continue to rise (WHO, 2007).  Both trait mindfulness and mindfulness training have been inversely associated with depressive symptoms (e.g., Segal, Williams & Teasdale, 2002), however, the processes underlying this effect are not fully understood.  The goal of the present program of research was to identify the extent to which psychosocial variables (including internalized stigma, coping, appraisal and stressor responses)
account for the relationship between mindfulness and well-being.  In Study 1 (N = 368), trait mindfulness predicted lower endorsement of internalized stigma and greater endorsement of positive appraisals and adaptive coping repertoires among young adults, which in turn predicted a decrease in depressive symptoms.  In Study 2, an analysis of both student (N = 372) and community (N = 275) samples revealed that trait mindfulness inversely predicted the use of emotion-focused coping techniques in response to a variety of interpersonal, financial, and workplace/academic stressors, while mindful
coping was associated with greater perceptions of controllability and the use of problem-focused coping strategies.  Study 3 sought to determine if trait mindfulness (Study 3.1; N = 19) and brief mindfulness training (Study 3.2; N = 87) influenced psychological response (e.g., anxiety, affect), coping, and neuroendocrine response following an acute stressor task.  Facets of mindful observing and awareness predicted lower baseline cortisol among participants, while non-reacting to experience predicted a diminished cortisol response from baseline to post-stressor task.  No differences in
coping, psychological or neuroendocrine response were observed as a function of a brief mindfulness intervention, suggesting that longer interventions may be needed to elicit beneficial effects.  These results support an inverse relationship between trait mindfulness and negative appraisals, internalized stigma, and the use of emotion-focused coping strategies, and suggest that these variables might constitute important pathways in the relationship between trait mindfulness and depressive symptoms. Programs targeted at developing mindfulness skills might be particularly effective in
mitigating physical and psychological responses to stressors among individuals at risk of depressive illness.


title: Prototype Testing of a Modified Poroelastic Matric Suction Sensor.

abstract:
The matric suction is one of the stress state variables used in the interpretation of the engineering behaviour of soils.  This thesis documents development of a Poroelastic Matric Suction Sensor (PE sensor).  The advantage of this sensor is that it is a direct method with a relatively large range of suction measurement (up to 8MPa), without any cavitation.  Modifications of the sensor were carried out to increase accuracy.  The modified sensor was then evaluated by comparison with total suction measurements made in artificial silt and in fine grained material.  In addition, the behaviour of
the sensor when using oil sand tailings was also monitored and compared.  The experimental results showed that the suction range of the sensor is about 8MPa, with a mean relative uncertainty of 0.5MPa, a standard deviation of 0.5MPa compared to the WP4T PotentiaMeter Device.  The behaviour of the sensor at temperatures below 00C was also investigated.


title: Sound of the Drum, Energy of the Dance - Making the Lake Huron Treaty Atlas the Anishinaabe Way

abstract:
This thesis takes a reflexive narrative approach to critically interpreting the iterative processes involved in the making of the Lake Huron Treaty Atlas (the Atlas). The Atlas is an interactive, multimedia, geospatial web product that reflects an inclusive approach to telling the story of the Robinson Huron Treaty relationship process over time and across space, bringing together a variety of historical and geographical perspectives. Both the thesis and the Atlas interpret Anishinaabe perspectives and incorporate them in their style and approach; they participate in the current trend in
critical cartography to engage in mapping in new ways by reflecting the multiple dimensions of socioeconomic, political and cultural ‘reality’. Making contributions in many areas, including in the conceptual and practical spheres of cartography, this thesis comments on some deep trends such as the spatial turn to performance and the critical turn to interpretation. In addition, it participates in the seventh fire project of reconciliation reflected in the significant Anishinaabe Teaching, the Seven Fires Prophecy, by promoting a holistic and emergent approach to development, and by
emphasizing the possibility of bridging perspectives to build intercultural awareness through the collaborative creation of the Atlas as a reconciliation tool.
This thesis asserts that through holistic, reflexive and critical cartographic practice, it is possible not only to acknowledge Anishinaabe perspectives in mapping processes, but to integrate them as well, in a manner that (1) preserves their inherent meaning and value, and (2) augments the meaning of the cybercartographic mapping processes. I aim to demonstrate how this type of practice has been employed in the Lake Huron Treaty
Atlas project by providing critically reflexive narrative accounts of the Travels in the Making of the Atlas Map and the Map of Maps, each of which functions as a narrative portal to the other maps in the Atlas.