title: Broadband Microwave Amplifiers in Deep Sub-micron CMOS Technology

abstract:
Thanks to geometry scaling, CMOS is becoming the technology of choice for the implementation of radio-frequency and microwave integrated circuits. While CMOS has several advantages over other technologies, such as low-cost and the possibility to integrate analog and digital circuitry on the same chip, its use for high-frequency analog circuits also presents several challenges, because there are some areas where scaling has impaired instead of improving the active and passive device performance. While several techniques can be used to minimize these undesirable effects, many of them only work over very narrow frequency bands; the implementation of circuits that achieve a desired performance over a very wide frequency band is thus a major challenge. Moreover, with further reduction of the transistor dimensions, new effects, such as gate current due to quantum-mechanical tunneling through the gate oxide, will become increasingly significant.

This thesis deals with the analysis and design of CMOS broadband amplifiers. A distributed amplifier in a 0.18 μm standard CMOS technology was designed, implemented and measured. It achieves a bandwidth of 2-13 GHz with a 6 dB gain, and better than -9 dB input and output reflections, while consuming 86 mW from a 1.8 V supply and using 2.6 x 1.3 mm2 of chip area. The variation of the amplifier characteristics with temperature was studied in the range from 25°C to 125°C. It was found that the forward gain and noise figure change significantly with temperature, while the reflection coefficients, reverse gain and group delay are largely unaffected.

A resistive-match amplifier was implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. It has an average gain of 6.5 dB in the 2-7 GHz band with a noise figure lower than 5.4 dB, with input reflection coefficient of less than -3.5 dB and output reflection coefficient of less than -5 dB. It consumes 18.4 mW from a 1.8 V supply, and occupies 1.28 x 0.55 mm2 of chip area. It was found that the gain reduction with temperature is much smaller than that of the distributed amplifier.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Producing and Promoting Policy Ideas: A Study of Think Tanks in Canada

contributor:
McLaughlin, Neil
Fetner, Tina
Davies, Scott
Sociology

subject:
think tanks
knowledge
ideas
science
organization
policy
Sociology of Culture
Theory, Knowledge and Science
Work, Economy and Organizations
Sociology of Culture

abstract:
This dissertation is about how think tanks produce and promote policy ideas. It is informed by 53 semi-structured interviews, financial and employee data for 30 think tanks over 11 years, documentary materials (including newspaper data, annual reports, strategic plans, communication reports, and publications), office visits at think tanks, and observation at public events. In substantive chapters, I address (i.) the funding environment underpinning think tank policy research in Canada, (ii.) the epistemic cultures shaping knowledge production, and (iii.) the rhetorical strategies of intellectuals --- affiliated with or oriented to think tanks --- challenging the scientific consensus on climate change in "the space of opinion."

In chapter two, I present a comparative analysis of think tank funding that challenges predictions derived from elite and pluralist theories, and builds on recent field theory. I find that the availability of state and private donor funding creates an environment where think tanks mostly cater to two types of sponsors with diverging preferences. The relative separation of state and donor funding is politically patterned, with conservative think tanks being funded by private donors and centrists by the state. Rather than being "independent" or members of a "corporate-policy elite,"" think tanks face extreme versions of common organizational problems, in particular resource dependencies and conflicting institutional logics.

In the third chapter, I draw on the sociology of ideas to propose that the production and promotion of policy ideas in think tanks vary in three ways. First, there are diverging tendencies towards universalism and contextualism in a broadly utilitarian epistemic culture. Secondly, think tanks vary in the extent to which they integrate their research and communication strategies in short and long term projects. Finally, among those active in the ``space of opinion,'' some are seeking leverage for negotiations with elites, others to shape public opinion in specific ways, and others to rise to the top of an intellectual attention space as authoritative intellectuals.

Chapter four is a case study of intellectuals --- affiliated with or oriented to think tanks --- discussing climate change and climate science in "the space of opinion."" Based on an inductive qualitative analysis of 417 systematically collected articles, I discuss two tactics writers have used in an effort to de-legitimate the scientific consensus on climate change. Without a vetted body of knowledge ready to take centre stage, and without appealing to non-scientific cultural authorities, writers (i.) re-frame consensus as a political construct, and their own skepticism as supremely scientific, and (ii.) personalize climate science by smearing high profile environmentalists and scientists, and chipping away at the character of mainstream climate scientists. Together, these tactics portray skeptics as more scientific than climate scientists.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Interactions of a covalently - linked antithrombin-heparin complex with components of the fibrinolytic pathway

contributor: Medical Sciences (Blood and Cardiovascular)

subject:
Heparin
Fibrinolysis
Plasmin
Thrombosis
Thrombolysis
Coagulation
Biochemistry
Hematology
Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Biochemistry

abstract: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is used as an adjunct during thrombolytic therapy. However, its use is associated with many clinical limitations, such as the inability to inhibit fibrin-bound coagulation factors, increasing the potential for sustained procoagulant activity. We have developed a covalent conjugate of antithrombin (AT) and heparin (ATH) with superior anticoagulant properties to those of UFH. Some advantages of ATH include enhanced inhibition of surface-bound enzymes and its ability to reduce the overall size and mass of clots in vivo. However, the potential interactions of UFH or ATH with the components of the fibrinolytic pathway are not well understood. Therefore, our study utilized discontinuous second order rate constant (k2) assays to determine rates of inhibition of plasmin (Pn) in the presence or absence of fibrin by AT+UFH vs. ATH. In addition, we monitored the rates of Pn generation in a system comprised of preformed fibrin clots with the aim of evaluating the inhibitory effect of AT+UFH or ATH in this more native system. The k2 values for the inhibition of Pn without fibrin were 5.74x106±0.278x106 and 6.39x106±0.588x106 for AT+UFH and ATH, respectively (p=0.36). In the presence of fibrin, the k2 values decreased to 1.45x106±0.0971x106 for AT+UFH and 3.07x106±0.192x106 for ATH (p

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: PREDICTORS OF SEIZURE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN WITH TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX UNDERGOING RESECTION EPILEPSY SURGERY: AN INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPANT DATA META-ANALYSIS

contributor: Clinical Health Sciences (Health Research Methodology)

subject:
tuberious sclerosis
epilepsy
pediatric
surgery
outcomes
meta-analysis
Nervous System Diseases
Neurology
Pediatrics
Nervous System Diseases

abstract:
Objective: To perform a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to identify preoperative factors associated with a good seizure outcome in children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) undergoing resective epilepsy surgery.

Data sources: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science), archives of major epilepsy and neurosurgery meetings, and bibliographies of relevant articles, with no language or date restrictions.

Study selection: We included case-control or cohort studies of consecutive participants undergoing resective epilepsy surgery that reported seizure outcomes. We performed title and abstract and full text screening independently and in duplicate.

Data extraction: One author performed data extraction which was verified by a second author using predefined data fields including study quality assessment using a risk of bias instrument we developed. We recorded all preoperative factors that may plausibly predict seizure outcomes.

Data synthesis: To identify predictors of a good seizure outcome (i.e. Engel Class I or II) we used logistic regression adjusting for length of follow-up for each preoperative variable.

Results: Of 9863 citations, 20 articles reporting on 181 participants were eligible. Good seizure outcomes were observed in 126 (69%) participants (Engel Class I: 102(56%); Engel class II: 24(13%)). On univariable analysis, absence of generalized seizure semiology (OR=3.1, 95%CI=1.2-8.2, p=0.022), no or mild developmental delay (OR=7.3, 95%CI=2.1-24.7, p=0.001), unifocal ictal scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormality (OR=3.2, 95%CI=1.4-7.6, p=0.008) and EEG/Magnetic resonance imaging concordance (OR=4.9, 95%CI=1.8-13.5, p=0.002) were associated with a good postoperative seizure outcome.

Conclusions: Small retrospective cohort studies are inherently prone to bias, some of which are overcome using individual participant data. The best evidence suggests 4 preoperative factors predictive of good seizure outcomes following resective epilepsy surgery. Given the low incidence of children with TSC undergoing epilepsy surgery, large long-term prospective multicenter observational studies are required to further evaluate the predictive factors identified in this review.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Effects of Patient-Centered Care in Rehabilitation Health Outcomes

contributor:
MacDermid, Joy C
Rehabilitation Science

subject:
patient-centered care
orthopaedic health outcomes
distal radius fractures
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences

abstract:
Objective: The objective of this thesis is to identify the approaches to patient-centered care provision currently employed by clinicians and to identify patient perspectives of patient-centeredness in relation to pain and disability following distal radius fracture. This thesis includes a scoping review of patient-centered care frameworks and models, as well as a prospective cohort study.

Rationale: Patient-centered care provision has been linked with positive health outcomes, improved patient satisfaction, and reduced health costs. A uniform approach to patient-centered care in rehabilitation has yet to be developed primarily due to the breadth and scope of practice. Understanding current approaches to patient-centered care and patient perspectives on this care can serve as a foundation to future discussions on the development of a rehabilitation-specific approach to patient-centered care provision.

Data sources: Frameworks and models of patient-centered care provision were located via electronic database searches. The extracted frameworks and models were compared based on how they described strategies on achieving the three tenets of patient-centered care: communication, partnership, and health promotion. A prospective cohort study provided patient perspectives on patient-centeredness, pain, and disability following distal radius fracture at baseline and at three months post distal radius fracture in 129 patients.

Methods: Frameworks and models on patient-centered care provision were extracted from articles and placed in data summary tables for comparison and review. Information on how these frameworks and models described strategies for communication, partnership, and health promotion was collated and reviewed. The patients’ perceptions of patient-centeredness, pain, and disability were determined from responses to the Patient Perceptions of Patient-Centeredness Questionnaire and the Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation. Outcome measure responses were analyzed to measure change over time (Wilcoxon Rank Sum and T-Test analyses) and to identify relationships (Pearson correlations).

Results: The scoping review found 19 articles, from which 25 patient-centered care frameworks or models were identified. All frameworks and models reported strategies on achieving effective communication, partnership, and health promotion. The prospective cohort study revealed significant correlations between patient perspectives of patient-centeredness and pain and disability following distal radius fracture. This suggests that positive experiences with patient-centered care provision are correlated with reduction in pain and improvement in function following an acute orthopaedic injury.

Implications: Until a rehabilitation-specific approach to patient-centered care provision is developed, rehabilitation clinicians can be confident that selection of one of the currently employed frameworks or models of patient-centered care will reflect the three tenets of patient-centered care provision. Adopting one of these patient-centered approaches to care provision likely will result in positive health outcomes.

abstract: Master of Science Rehabilitation Science (MSc)


title: Modelling Microstructural Evolution in Materials Science

contributor:
Provatas, Nikolas
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
phase-field
phase-field-crystal
crystal structure
structural phase transitions
defects
Condensed Matter Physics
Engineering Science and Materials
Materials Science and Engineering
Metallurgy
Structural Materials
Condensed Matter Physics

abstract:
Continuum atomistic and mesoscopic models are developed and utilized in the context of studying microstructural evolution and phase selection in materials systems. Numerous phenomena are examined, ranging from defect-solute interaction in solid state systems to microstructural evolution under external driving conditions. Emphasis is placed on the derivation and development of models capable of self consistently describing the intricate mechanisms at work in the systems undergoing these phenomena.

Namely, grain growth dynamics are studied in nanocrystalline systems under external driving conditions using a newly developed phase-field-crystal model, which couples an additional free energy source term to the standard phase-field-crystal model. Such external driving can be attributed to incident energetic particles. The nanocrystalline system is found to be susceptible to enhanced grain growth as a function of the intensity/flux associated with the external driving and the energy of driving. Static kinetic phase diagram calculations also seem to confirm that systems under external driving conditions can be forced into long metastable states.

Early stage solute clustering and precipitation in Al alloys is also examined with a variant of the phase-field-crystal method, so-called structural phase-field-crystal models for multi-component alloys developed as part of this thesis. We find that clustering is aided by quenched-in defects (dislocations), whereby the nucleation barrier is reduced and at times eliminated, a mechanism proposed by Cahn for a single dislocation for spinodal systems. In a three-component system, we predict a multi-step mechanism for clustering, where the nature and amount of the third species plays an important role in relieving stresses caused by the quenched-in dislocations before clustering, i.e., segregation as predicted by the equilibrium phase diagram, can occur.

Finally, we present a new coarse-graining procedure for generating complex amplitude models, i.e., complex order-parameter phase-field models, derived from phase-field-crystal models. They retain many salient atomistic features and behaviours of the original phase-field-crystal model, however is now capable of describing mesoscopic length scales like the phase-field model. We demonstrate the scheme by generating an amplitude model of the two-dimensional structural phase-fieldcrystal model, which allows multiple crystal structures to be stable in equilibrium, a crucial aspect of proper multi-scale modelling of materials systems. The dynamics are demonstrated by examining solidification and coarsening, peritectic growth, along with grain growth and the emergence of secondary phases.

abstract: Doctor of Science  (PhD)


title: The Concept of Historical Individuality in G.W.F. Hegel's Science of Logic and Lectures on the Philosophy of History

contributor:
Lampert, Jay R.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This thesis answers a complex of problems concerning historical individuality by relating the concepts of historical individual that underlie Hegel's Philosophy of History to the middle section of Hegel's Science of Logic. These problems are: 1) How does intelligible structure relate to the contingency of historical events? 2) How do individual persons and collectives relate to totalities? These questions are answered by means of the concept of the spirit of the world, illuminated by the concept of reciprocity. These concepts provide a theoretical basis for understanding the place of individuals in the totality of history that allows for plurality and contingency while ensuring that history remains comprehensible. I argue that, contrary to a widespread view, Hegel's philosophical history does not expound a progressive, linear succession of nations. Instead, it subordinated the nation in a reciprocal, simultaneous global totality. This thesis provides an original and detailed reading of the logic of essence from Hegel's Science of Logic that brings out its structure as an ontology of historicity and its applicability to history. Furthermore, this thesis sets out and examines for the first time the various forms of individuality found in the widely neglected Lectures on the Philosophy of History. My reading is distinctive in part because it emphasizes the lectures themselves over the often-quoted introduction.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE WATER SECURITY SELF-ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR RURAL, REMOTE, AND OTHERWISE MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES

contributor:
Dickson, Sarah E.
Schuster-Wallace, Corinne J.
Civil Engineering

subject: assessment tool

subject: rural communities

subject: decision support

subject: indicators

subject: indices

subject: sustainability

subject: Other Civil and Environmental Engineering

abstract:
The majority of people in the world that lack access to sustainable water supplies reside in the rural regions of low- and middle-income countries. Lacking this access they depend on unprotected water sources that are contaminated from environmental factors and poor land-use practices. Access to safe water is a key determinant of public health, and hence rural, remote, and otherwise marginalized (RRM) communities suffer high rates of waterborne disease. The sustainability of water supply in RRM communities is influenced by the level of community participation as well as an holistic array of issues that correspond to the challenges faced by RRM communities.

The purpose of this research is to develop a prototype computer-based tool to support RRM communities in an holistic water security self-assessment as a front-end to decision support. The aim of this assessment is to facilitate a systematic consideration of water security issues and to consolidate the results into key graphics that could help identify relative strengths and threats.

First, a literature review was conducted on relevant water security indices, resulting in a water security framework and indicator database (n=285). Second, the Community Self-Water Assessment Tool (Community-SWAT) was developed. Third, Community-SWAT was beta-tested to demonstrate its ability to differentiate challenges between communities, identify water security challenges within a community, and visualize heterogeneity in water point security. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the majority of changes in that dimension’s scores were small (less than 5) when at least half of its questions were answered.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: See It Through with Nguyen Van Thieu: The Nixon Administration Embraces a Dictator, 1969-1974

contributor:
Streeter, Stephen
Song, Jaeyoon
Stubbs, Richard
History

subject:
Vietnam
US Foreign Relations
Race
Richard Nixon
United States
History
History

abstract: Antiwar activists and Congressional doves condemned the Nixon administration for supporting South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu, whom they accused of corruption, cruelty, authoritarianism, and inefficacy. To date, there has been no comprehensive analysis of Nixon’s decision to prop up a client dictator with seemingly so few virtues. Joshua Lovell’s dissertation addresses this gap in the literature, and argues that racism lay at the root of this policy. While American policymakers were generally contemptuous of the Vietnamese, they believed that Thieu partially transcended the alleged limitations of his race. The White House was relieved to find Thieu, who ushered South Vietnam into an era of comparative stability after a long cycle of coups. To US officials, Thieu appeared to be the only leader capable of planning and implementing crucial political, social, and economic policies, while opposition groups in Saigon’s National Assembly squabbled to promote their own narrow self-interests. Thieu also promoted American-inspired initiatives, such as Nixon’s controversial Vietnamization program, even though many of them weakened his government. Thieu’s performance as a national leader and administrator was dubious, at best, but the Nixon administration trumpeted his minor achievements and excused his gravest flaws. Senior policymakers doubted they would find a better leader than Thieu, and they ridiculed the rest of the South Vietnamese as fractious, venal, and uncivilized. While the alliance ultimately chilled over disagreements regarding the Paris peace negotiations, Washington’s perception of Thieu as a South Vietnamese superman facilitated a cordial relationship for most of Nixon’s first term in office.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Comprehensive Metabolomics by Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry: Integrative Strategies for Biomarker Discovery

contributor:
Britz-McKibbin, Philip
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Metabolomics is a rapidly emerging area of post-genomic research aimed at the comprehensive analysis of all low molecular weight metabolites in a cell or biofluid, which heralds new advances in drug development, disease prognosis and nutritional intervention. The major goals of this thesis are aimed at addressing several key obstacles hampering the development of metabolomics in biological research that is presented in four major chapters in this thesis. Chapter II introduces an integrative strategy for the identification of unknown low abundance metabolites when using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) in conjunction with computer simulations when chemical standards are unavailable. The second project in Chapter III develops and validates an artifact-free method for analysis of labile metabolites in filtered red blood cell lysates by CE-ESI-MS that allows for accurate assessment of cellular redox status and antioxidant capacity based on the differential rates of glutathione oxidation. Chapter IV of the thesis introduces a differential metabolomics strategy for quantitative assessment of cellular oxidative stress and antioxidant efficacy with strenuous exercise. CE-ESI-MS together with univariate and multivariate data analysis was used to identify putative early- and late-stage biomarkers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes, which was applied to assess the attenuation of oxidative stress following highdose oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine administration. The final project in Chapter V investigates the impact of low-dose y-irradiation on intra-cellular metabolism and cell membrane viability of leukocytes when using CE-ESI-MS and fluorescencebased flow cytometry, respectively. A distinct non-linear cellular response was measured for irradiated-leukocytes as reflected by a significant upregulation of metabolites and slower progression of late-stage apoptosis when exposed to a minimum-threshold dose of radiation Metabolomics by CE-ESI-MS provides a novel and hypothesis-generating approach for investigating complex biological phenomena, which can improve our fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress that is relevant to human health, aging and disease pathogenesis.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Improved Kinematic Modeling & Motion Control of the Tiara Hexapod Parallel Kinematic Machine Tool

contributor:
Bone, Gary M.
Elbestawi, M.A.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract: A Hexapod is a novel generation machine tool based on parallel kinematic structures. Due to its potential capabilities for high dimensional accuracy, high structural rigidity and high-speed capacity, it is regarded as the most radical change in the design of machine tools in the last century. However, due to its short development history and lack of wide industrial application, it poses both theoretical and technical challenges. Solutions to overcome its obvious weakness are not yet available. Design tools, commercial motion controllers capable of dealing with non-linear dynamics and coupling effects, and maintenance topics related to measurement, calibration and accuracy evaluation are still open issues. A hexapod, termed the Tiara hexapod, is being developed at the McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI) at the McMaster University. The Tiara hexapod has fixed length struts and movable base joints. It is designed to be a milling machine. This thesis presents improvements of the kinematic model and servo control system, the development and implementation of the motion interpolator, as well as preliminary measurements of this machine. Following a comprehensive literature review, the kinematic modeling process of the completely constructed machine, based on homogenous transformation matrices, the machine structures and the assembling sequences is presented. The derived kinematic model provides nominal parameters for the motion interpolator and has the flexibility for deriving the quasi-static error model for future kinematic calibration and compensation. Next, the original servo control system of the machine was extensively tested. Problems related to the hardware and software were found and solved through reconfiguring and rewiring hardware, modifying and developing new software functions. The main motion functions of the servo control system, improved and developed both on a single axis test system and the practical machine, make the machine work safely and effectively. The six axis motion interpolator for the Tiara hexapod was designed based on linear blended move motion. It uses the inverse kinematics model and the identical motion time to coordinate the motions of the six parallel axes to generate the desired tool tip motion with specified feedrate. Based on two user-defined parameters, the peak jerk and the peak acceleration, the interpolator generates a smooth pure, or partial, S-curve velocity profile and cubic position profiles. After being integrated with the servo control system, the interpolator is successfully tested for the single move and blended move motions of the machine. Finally, the performance of the improved servo control system and online interpolation motion were experimentally evaluated for the un-calibrated machine. Both single axis motions and linear interpolated motions were realized with the correct motion directions and shapes, as well as within the specified time period. The positional repeatability of axis homing motion and linear interpolated motion was measured to be less than O.OOlin (25.4microns). Due to errors in the nominal parameter, the linear interpolated motion straightness accuracy was found to be very low with a maximum error of O.108in (2.74mm).

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Inspection of OO Software with Incomplete Documentation Using A Document Driven Approach

contributor:
Parnas, David L.
Wassyng, Alan
Computing and Software

subject:
Computing and Software
Computer Engineering
Computer Engineering

abstract: Critical software requires formal and rigorous inspection to achieve the required quality, and good documentation provides a solid basis for inspection. The Document Driven Inspection approach takes advantage of precise and complete documentation to serve as a mathematically rigorous and effective technique to review software in a disciplined way. However, it is often the case that precise and complete documents are not available to the inspectors. In these cases, the Document Driven Inspection approach is still useful as illustrated by our case study. As far as we are aware, this is the first application of this approach to an object-oriented critical software system. In this thesis, we investigate several state-of-the-art techniques in software inspection, and also some new techniques that focus on inspection of object-oriented design and code. The Document Driven Inspection approach proposed by Parnas is introduced and further analyzed as applied to an object-oriented design, especially those with incomplete documentation. We illustrate the application of this approach as applied to an object-oriented case study, by producing the complete and rigorous documents that can then act as a basis for further inspection. These documents also illustrate how to document an object-oriented design using tabular expressions.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Multi-channel Computer Controlled Electric Stimulator to Improve Peripheral Muscle Strength in Diseased Populations

contributor:
Bruin, H. de
Kumbhare, D.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
Muscle atrophy is a common problem among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This is, in part, due to low exercise capacity and inactivity. Therefore, neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) is proposed to alleviate this problem. NMES has been shown to elicit strength gains in other diseased populations. Muscle stimulators on the market today are unable to provide the required control and channels necessary to test the above hypotheses. Thus, a multi-channel, computer controlled muscle stimulator was developed. The system was tested through a series of three pilot studies. First, the safety of NMES was verified. Secondly, the system underwent clinical testing to determine if it is possible to increase muscle strength within the ESRD population. Finally, the idea of incorporating depolarizing pulses to the stimulus pulse train was investigated in an attempt to minimize perceived pain.

Results show that NMES is a safe and well tolerated form of rehabilitation. The system was shown to be capable of enduring the rigors of testing. Clinically, NMES showed an increase in peripheral muscle strength within the ESRD population that are comparable to the results shown by previous NMES studies involving other diseased populations. Also, the incorporation of prepulses proved to be an effective method of reducing the perceived pain of NMES.

The effectiveness of NMES on ESRD patients should be evaluated further. This includes the addition of more subjects to the study in order to show a significant increase in strength.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The Effects of Goal Setting on Adherence to an 8-Week Fitness Challenge, Goal Confidence, and Improvements in Physical Fitness

contributor:
Martin Ginis, Kathleen A.
Kinesiology

subject: Kinesiology Kinesiology

abstract:
Goal setting is widely used in the physical activity domain and is generally believed to enhance performance (Gould, 1993; Pemberton & McSwegin, 1989; Weinberg, 1982). Although goal setting is an effective strategy for improving performance in exercise contexts (e.g., Boyce & Wayda, 1994), specific moderating variables may need to be taken into consideration when implementing a goal-setting intervention. For example, exercise experience (beginners vs. experienced) and goal-setting type (self-set vs. assigned vs. no goals/"do your best") can significantly impact the influence of goals on exercise behaviour (Boyce & Wayda, 1994; Dawson, 2001; Dawson & Brawley, 2000; Martin et al., 1984). It is not known however, if the people with different levels of exercise experience benefit differentially from the various goal-setting types. This issue was addressed in the present thesis. Using an experimental design, 149 men and women with various levels of exercise experience participated in a fitness centre challenge. The effects of exercise experience and goal-setting type (self-set vs. assigned vs. no goals/"do your best") were examined on changes in physiological fitness and adherence over an eight-week period. Additionally, goal confidence and future goal-setting preferences were assessed.

A manipulation check found that most of the participants in the no goal/"do your best" group set goals for the challenge despite not being asked to do so and were re-categorized into the self-set goal group for analyses. The no goal/"do your best" control condition was dropped due to the extremely low n that remained. An ANCOV A revealed no significant main effect or interaction for exercise experience and goal-setting type on adherence (p>.05). A series of univariate ANCOV As adjusted for baseline fitness scores revealed a main effect for physiological changes with experienced exercisers scoring higher on the grip strength test than beginner exercisers (p<.05). Additionally, there was an exercise experience x goal-setting type interaction with experienced exercisers scoring significantly higher on the grip strength test when goals were self-set rather than assigned (p<.05). Goal confidence was analyzed using an ANCOVA, and a main effect was found with participants in the assigned goal-setting condition showing higher levels of goal confidence than participants in the self-set goal condition (p<.05). The results of this study suggest that overall, assigned goals will lead to greater goal confidence. However, experienced exercisers may have greater performance gains on certain tasks (e.g., grip strength) when they self-set their own goals. These results have implications for the development of goal-setting interventions in physical activity settings.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Feasibility Study on the Design of a Computer System for Piping Layout Bills of Material.

contributor:
Newcombe, W.R.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
A computer system has been designed to produce piping layout bills of material. Information from two major sources is required for the Bills of Material and the associated Isometric Drawing System. These two sources are the design specifications and design drawings. Design specification data is written and maintained, on a mass-storage device, as a master file. System input sheets are used to introduce the design drawing data to the -Isometric System which in turn stores such information on a massstorage device as a data file.

The main computer programme of the Bills of Material System performs the following functions: (1) Retrieves the relevant data from the system input storage, based on the type of bill of material required. (2) Accumulates like items based on line service and on line size. (3) Matches and retrieves relevant specifications from storage. (4)Writes the bill of material. Bills of material of four types are possible in the designed system. These are: by bulk, by area (and sub-area), by line number, and by isometric drawing number. The bill of material may be printed on pre-printed forms. The flexibility of output and arrangement of data on a bill of material is a design characteristic of this system. Information flow charts and logic flow charts of the software developed for' the system are included. Complete documentation for the computer programmes developed, is submitted along with this thesis, as a "Detail Documentation Package".

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: La transmission du patrimoine à I'Île-aux-Coudres au XVIIIᵉ siècle

contributor:
Burghardt, A. F.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Cette étude de la transmission de la terre visait à vérifier si les règles égalitaires de la Coutume de Paris en matière de succession étaient suivies. En effet, une stabilité dimensionnelle du terrier suggérait que tel n'était pas le cas, ce qui pouvait avoir des conséquences importantes en ce qui concerne notre compréhension de la société rurale de l'Ancien Régime. Il nous semblait en outre que l'héritage était au coeur de la relation homme/terre et qu'il était l'élément clé de la façon dont le père utilise sa terre pour assurer la pérennité de sa famille et pour établir ses enfants.

L'analyse a porté sur l'Île-aux-Coudres au XVIIIe siècle. Les modalités de transmission, identifiées grâce aux actes notariés, ont été greffées sur la trame généalogique des familles recréée à l'aide des sources nominatives telles que registres paroissiaux et généalogies. L'étude a donc été effectuée à l'échelle du lot, de l'individu et de la famille et elle a exigé un triple inventaire : des familles, du parcellaire et de la transmission. Les résultats ont été analysés à la lumière des activités économiques des habitants de l'fie, des événements du cycle de vie, de la politique seigneuriale du Séminaire de Québec, du cadre géographique et de la Coutume de Paris. Notre recherche a mis en lumière l'apport majeur de cette dernière.

Des trois types d'aliénations - donation, partage, vente - la donation revêt une importance particulière. Elle implique le rapport et, par conséquent, suit les règles coutumières, et vise à assurer l'avenir des parents ainsi qu'à établir les enfants. Elle a souvent lieu à l'occasion du mariage de ces derniers et se produit dès la première génération avant que les pressions du surpeuplement et du manque de terre ne se fassent sentir. Le rôle du père est d'une importance vitale: il choisit l'héritier. En outre, sa présence assure en grande partie la persistance de la famille sur l'fie. D'autres facteurs entrent en ligne de compte, tels la conjoncture initiale, la qualité de la terre concédée, la dimension de la ferme et la participation à la pêche.

Cette recherche visait à améliorer notre connaissance de la société rurale du passé, grâce à l'utilisation des sources nominatives, seigneuriales et judiciaires. Nous croyons avoir atteint notre but.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Application of Ion Implantation Techniques to Anode Electrocatalyst Development for Use in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

contributor:
Thompson, D.A.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: The project is concerned with development of suitable anode electrodes for oxygen evolution in 30 w/o KOH solution at BO°C. Li ions (15 keV, 40 keV and 60 keV) at doses of 1 x 1015 to 1.5 x 1016 ions/cm2, He ions (15 keV, 40 keV) at 3 x 1015 ions/cm2 and Ag ion (50 keV) at 1 x 1016 to 4 x 1016 ions/cm2 have been implanted into polycrystalline Ni and oxidized Ni at room temperature. Ag has also been recoil implanted into Ni and NiO. Current-potential measurements have been carried out using galvanostatic techniques with the implanted samples as the oxygen electrode in 30 w/o KOH solution at BO°C. The Ag-imp1anted electrodes show a substantial reduction in electrode potential at 1 A/cm2 (~ 60% compared to polished Ni) and all implanted samples show a more uniform corrosion products on the surface. Dual Tafel slopes are observed for all electrodes and the higher slope at the higher current densities is thought to be due to the formation of nickel oxide on the electrodes. The Tafel slope and exchange current density, at low current densities are considered consistent with reported data. RBS analysis of the Ag-imp1anted electrodes indicates that no Ag is lost as a result of the electrochemical measurements.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The Role of the Alt-1 Serine/Threonine Kinase in Mammary Gland Development and Tumorigenesis

contributor:
Muller, William J.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: Activation of Akt-1 by the phosphatidylinositol 3'-OH kinase (PI3K) results in the inhibition of pro-apoptotic signals and the promotion of survival and proliferation signals. Transgenic mice expressing polyomavirus middle T antigen in the mammary epithelium rapidly develop multifocal metastatic mammary tumors whereas transgenic mice expressing a mutant middle T antigen de-coupled from the PI3K (MTY315/322F) develop extensive mammary gland hyperplasias that are highly apoptotic. Mammary tumorigenesis in this mutant strain is further associated with Akt-1 activation and overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) known to activate the PI3K. To directly assess the role of Akt-1 in mammary epithelial development and tumorigenesis, we generated transgenic mice expressing constitutively active Akt-1 (HAPKB308D473D or Akt-DD). Although expression of Akt-DD interferes with normal mammary gland involution, tumors were not observed in these strains. Importantly, co-expression of Akt-DD with MTY315/322F results in phosphorylation of the FKHR transcription factor and post-transcriptional up-regulation of cyclin DI levels. In support of a broader role for Akt-1 in RTK-mediated mamary tumorigenesis, bi-transgenics carrying MMTV/Akt-DD and MMTV/activated ErbB-2 develop multifocal mammary tumors with a significatnyl shorter latency period than mice expressing activated ErbB-2 alone. The acceleration of mammary tumor progression correlated with enhanced differentiation, increased cellular proliferation, post-transcriptionally elevated Cyclin D1 levels and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Importantly, we did not observe an associated restoration of wildtype metastasis levels in either of these bi-transgenic strains and actually witnessed metastasis levels in either of these bi-transgenic strains and actually witnessed metastatic reductions in the Akt-DDxErbB-2 bi-transgenics. These observations suggest that activation of Akt-1 can contribute to tumor progression by providing an important cell survival signal and may in certain cases act to prevent metastatic progression through the promotion of a mammary differentiation program.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Stress-Strain Characteristics and Histological Studies of Canine Connective Tissues

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: This project is Part I of a study aimed at determining the stress-strain characteristics of various collagenous canine tissues, and relating them to their structure (histology). In addition Part II involves the isolation of the collagenous structures by enzymolysis of mucopolysaccharides and elastin, which results in the phenomenological elastic moduli of collagen in the various tissues. The present study provides this through in vitro tensile experiments on various tissues from the dog in the native state, after elastin removal by enzymolysis, or after removal of collagen by autoclaving. The elastin component, which exhibits a linear stress-strain curve, determines the tensile modulus of the native tissue at low strain, while collagen determines the modulus at high strain. The removal of elastin significantly alters the moduli at low strain for most of the tissues, although the high-strain moduli remain essentially unchanged.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Some Effects of Energy Dependence in the Electronic Density of State on Superconductivity

contributor:
Carbotte, J.P.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: Based on the assumption of unusual fine structure in the electronic density of states close to the Fermi energy, new approximate analytic expressions for the critical temperature, and.the gap parameter at absolute zero are obtained. We have represented approximately the rapid variation in N(E) by a Lorentzian form of width a and strength g superimposed on a constant background N(O). Further, we have assumed that the Fermi energy falls off the center of the peak. The solutions we have obtained for Tc and Δ (0) are significantly c modified from the BCS solutions although for a & b » kBTC and wD » Δ (0) the ratio 2Δ (0)/kBTC remains unchanged and equal to 3.54. Mathematical studies have been done for the evaluation of the condensation energy. The shift in the chemical potential as the temperature increases above the absolute zero was calculated and it was found that the correction term due to raising the temperature is negligible and can be ignored without the introduction of any significant error. A modified finite-temperature BCS gap equation has been solved mathematically in which we have obtained a significantly new modified approximate analytic expression for Δ (T) valid in the limit when T-->Tc. The use of the equation for Δ (T) helps to evaluate the discontinuity in the electronic specific heat at the critical temperature. Finally it has been shown that in the low-temperature limit the specific heat is proportional e-Δ(0)/kBT as in BCS theory.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The λ-Capacity of an Information Channel

contributor:
Behara, M.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Marginalized Particle Filtering for Blind System Identification

contributor:
Reilly, James P.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: This thesis develops a marginalized particle filtering algorithm for the blind system identification problem. The blind system identification problem arises in many fields, including speech processing, communications, biomedical signal processing, sonar and seismology. The state space model under consideration uses a time-varying autoregressive (AR) model for the sources, and a time-varying finite impulse response (FIR) model for the channel. The multi-sensor measurements result from the convolution of the sources with the channels in the presence of additive noise. A numerical approximation to the optimal Bayesian solution for the sequential state estimation problem is implemented using the particle filter. Estimates of the sources are recovered directly by marginalizing the AR and FIR coefficients out of the posterior distribution for the unknown system parameters. The resulting marginalized particle filtering algorithm allows efficient identification of the system. Simulation results are given to verify the performance of the proposed method. The block sequential importance sampling (BSIS) formulation of the particle filter is also introduced to exploit the structure inherent in the convolution state space model.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: What Images Return: A Study of the Stratigraphy and Seasonality of a Small Shell Midden in the West Isles of New Brunswick

contributor:
Ramsden, Peter G.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis addresses several aspects, both methodological and substantial, of the archaeology of coastal shell middens in the Passamaquoddy Bay and West Isles areas of southern New Brunswick. The inquiry takes the form of a detailed analysis of the stratigraphy and faunal assemblages of two shell midden sites, BgDr 48, a prehistoric site, and BgDr 49, an historic site, located on Partridge Island, one of the West Isles. Throughout the study aspects of these sites are compared to previously excavated sites in the area.

With respect to the analysis of shell midden sites, it is concluded that: 1) there is no evidence for serious stratigraphic disturbance or mixing in midden sites not affected by recent agricultural activity; 2) the use of extensive column sampling methods is useful and desirable in excavating such sites, as it results in the recovery of significant faunal and botanic remains missed by the traditional excavation methods employed in the area; 3) at least some shell middens can be analysed in terms of culturally meaningful analytical units smaller than site size, defined on the basis of stratigraphic and faunal information.

With respect to aboriginal subsistence, this study suggests that the importance of soft-shelled clams relative to other invertebrate prey species may have been overemphasized in previous midden studies in the area; evidence is presented which indicates that shell fishing was carried on during both summer and winter seasons.

With respect to the settlement patterns of prehistoric peoples in the area, the study suggests that: 1) the preservation of Early Maritime Woodland components may be strongly selected against by rising sea levels, but that the measurement of foreshore slopes may be useful in predicting where such components may be preserved; 2) Early and Middle Maritime Woodland components are distinguishable on the basis of their respective faunal assemblages, and that discrete occupations within Middle Maritime Woodland components may be distinguishable on the basis of faunal variability; 3) these patterns in faunal variability are similar to patterns noted by archaeologists conducting research on the coasts of Maine; 4) the extant models of prehistoric coastal settlement for the area are probably simplistic, but more research is necessary before these can be replaced by more adequate and better substantiated models.

As regards the historic archaeology of the area, the study suggests that some of the shell midden sites recorded on this coast may have resulted from historic occupation, and that these may be distinguishable from prehistoric middens by virtue of the low species variability in historic shell deposits.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "'a secret understanding': Critical Responses to 'Modern Life' and Mass Culture in English Canada, 1939-1963"

contributor:
Gauvreau, J. M.
History

subject: History History

abstract: During the Second World War and the generation or so after, a number of English-Canadian observers reported on the fundamental changes overtaking Canada as it became less isolated from a world figuratively shrinking its way towards becoming Marshall McLuhan's 'global village.' This loose affiliation of commentators spoke with certainty, but their opinions were in essence the often hastily-formed impressions of a surprisingly diverse group. Rapid changes to the pace and rhythms of contemporary life - though hardly peculiar to the mid twentieth century or to Canada - brought with them forms of culture thought detrimental to the individual's use of leisure time and even to Canada's coherence as a nation. This dissertation explores a critique of mass culture that was, for nationalists and taste monitors alike, inextricable from the environment of 'modern life.' Although wartime and post-war commentaries on modern life and mass culture in English Canada were often antimodernist, nationalist or elitist in tone, these were not simply attempts to recapture some bygone golden age, distinguish Canadians from other North Americans, or introduce 'Culture' to even the farthest-flung settlements. Contributors to this critique certainly worried that they might be sending such messages, and consistently emphasized their democratic intentions and credentials, especially when trying to unmask a commercial culture disguised as 'what the people wanted.' Critics of the mass society favoured self improvement, self-awareness and lively engagement with one's surroundings, but over the course of a generation, many of these observers acknowledged the imprecision and permeability of cultural boundaries, widening their definition of acceptable leisure to include entertainments or works falling short of the lofty standards that had been bound up, during the earlier part of the twentieth century, with Shakespeare's plays or avant-garde art. Still, critical suspicions about the extraordinary power of modern life and mass culture to affect the individual and society can be read as indicative of a mid twentieth-century Canadian orientation towards cultural change.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Natural Gas Micro-Gas Turbine Combustion Flue Gas Characterization and After- Treatment by Non-Thermal Plasma-Catalyst Reactor

contributor:
Chang, Jen-Shih
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering
Other Engineering
Physics
Engineering

abstract:
With the increasing need for alternative power sources in the future, the growth of the distributed energy sector will play an important role for meeting future world energy needs. One potential source of distributed energy is the natural gas combustion micro-gas turbine (MGT). Although natural gas is considered a cleaner source of energy than some solid and liquid fuels, there are still significant pollutant emissions. In order to determine the potential pollution from MGTs, two types of MGTs were characterized for their emissions; one single stage moderate lean burn combustion type MGT and one dual stage lean burn combustion type MGT. Furthermore, a novel pollution control device, a trench type nonthermal plasma-catalyst reactor, was examined for potential effectiveness of treating gaseous pollutants in MGT type flue gas.

The MGT characterization of the exhaust flue gas revealed that the pollutants of greatest concern for the single stage combustion type MGT were nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with steady state concentrations of 15ppm (-510 g[NOx]/MWh) and 120ppm at a full load of 101.2kW, respectively. VOCs were observed to be higher in the dual stage MGT's flue gas with a maximum steady state concentration of 140ppm at a full load of 70kW. It was observed that the dual stage MGT had a significant amount of particulate matter emission for a diameter smaller than 29nm.

Preliminary MGT simulated exhaust gas treatment results for the trench type non-thermal plasma-catalyst reactor were observed to be effective for converting NO to: N02, N2, O2, CO2 and H20. Further tests need to be completed on real natural gas combustion exhaust in order to determine the effectiveness of the non-thermal plasma catalyst for treating MGT exhaust.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Design Analysis of Permanent Mag~et Machine with Special Reference to Sy.nchronolJs Generator

contributor:
diCenzo, C.D.
Electrical Engineering

subject: Electrical Engineering

subject: Other Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: A Comparative Study of Pre/postcondition and Relational Approaches to Program Development

contributor:
Parnas, David L.
Baber, Robert L.
Computing and Software

subject:
Computing and Software
Computer Engineering
Other Engineering
Computer Engineering

abstract:
With so many software-related failures happening these days, there is an increasing demand for software quality. Rigorous development approaches, which apply mathematical techniques to the design and implementation, should be getting more consideration as one of the solutions to software reliability.

Pre/postcondition approaches and relational approaches are two groups of influential rigorous techniques. Both of them use classical mathematical concepts to describe and simplify programming objects. To further propel the application of these approaches, their relative strengths and limitations in terms of practicability and accessibility need to be identified and elaborated.

In this thesis, we conduct a comparative study between the pre/postcondition approaches, proposed by Floyd, Hoare, Dijkstra and Baber, and the relational approaches, proposed by Mills and Parnas. We investigate aspects related to their mathematical models. Their abilities of specifying different termination behaviours, dealing with non-determinism, distinguishing between specifications and descriptions, etc. are discussed. Some practical issues, such as considerations on common programming constructs, side effects, verification procedures, etc. are reviewed. The comparison criteria are grouped into two categories - theory and practice. Under each criterion, we illustrate and evaluate the strength or weakness of each approach. Suggestions regarding the applications of these approaches are also presented.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Model-Based Visual Tracking via Maple Code Generation

contributor:
Anand, Christopher
Lawford, Mark
Computing and Software

subject:
Computing and Software
Computational Engineering
Engineering
Other Computer Engineering
Computational Engineering

abstract: Many algorithms, particularly in the area of image processing, are expensive to develop and computationally resource intensive. We illustrate the advantages of symbolic code generation using an example - closed-loop visual target recognition and tracking in extreme lighting conditions. We quantify the effect of symbolic code generation methods on code efficiency, and explain how these methods allowed us to reduce the development time as well as improve reliability. Working directly with symbolic models improves software quality by reducing transcription errors, and enabled us to rapidly prototype different models for the visual tracking application, where the need to evaluate trackers in their real-time context precludes the effective use of scripting languages. We describe the model in detail, including formulations as an optimization problem; explain the challenges in solving the model; present our method of building the solvers; and summarize the impact on the performance of our methods.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Partners and Competitors: Intergovernmental Relations and the Governance of Transboundary Common Pools

contributor:
Sproule-Jones, Mark
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: Transboundary common pools include many natural resources that flow or roam across such vast areas that they encompass the territory of multiple sovereign jurisdictions. This creates a considerable degree of resource management interdependency for the governments of these jurisdictions, and there are many types of intergovernmental institutions that have been created to address this interdependency, ranging from governmental unilateralism to binding intergovernmental decision-making. This study investigates the impact that various intergovernmental institutions have on policy design and policy learning in transboundary common pool management by analyzing and comparing the development of water management policies in the Great Lakes Basin of North America and the Murray-Darling Basin of Australia. The empirical findings from this comparison suggest that the involvement of non-governmental actors as third party brokers and monitors in intergovernmental interactions can have a very beneficial impact on both short-term policy design and long-term policy learning in the management of transboundary common pools. Effective intergovernmental policy interactions are even further facilitated by intergovernmental structures featuring both a political level council and an administrative level commission, each with defined tasks but linked in sequential decision-making.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: High-Speed Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo System for Two-Phase Flow Measurement

contributor:
Harvel, Glenn
Chang, J. S.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering
Physics
Engineering

abstract:
Two-phase gas-liquid flow in pipes is of great practical importance in the nuclear and petroleum industries, etc. Currently, in thermalhydraulic analysis which requires modelling of a two-phase flow medium, such as boiling liquids, condensing vapors, etc., a variety of computer codes are employed to solve the time dependent mass and momentum equations in different parts of the flow system. To improve the numerical simulations, more detailed experimental knowledge of two-phase flow is required. Most instrumentation available today provides some of the required information but have various disadvantages ranging from poor sensitivity to geometrical limitations.

This work focuses on the design of a High Speed Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo system for two-phase flow parameter measurement. The ultrasonic system utilizes four ultrasonic (10 MHz frequency) transducers positioned in the axial direction on the surface of a 2.1 cm diameter cylindrical pipe, operating in pulse-echo mode. Two of the transducers are placed on the top of the pipe and the other two on the bottom of the pipe to measure the liquid level or film thickness. The liquid and gas superficial velocities studied in this work ranged from Uls=0.019 m/s to UIs=0.14 m/s and from Ugs=0.24 m/s to Ugs=4.33 m/s respectively, at standard conditions (1 bar, 20°C). This system was designed to acquire the data in real time 170 frames/s (A-scans/s) and the sampling rate was 2μs displaying the data at every 6msec with a spatial resolution of 0.0071 mm.

The theoretical basis for obtaining liquid level measurements, which can be used to determine the two-phase flow parameters, such as two-phase flow pattern characterization, void fraction measurements, plug, bubble and slug velocities as well as wave amplitude and frequency for a stratified wavy and annular flow regime are discussed. The Ultrasonic System hardware and analysis software is also presented.

The High Speed Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo System can characterize accurately each different flow regime and flow regime map can be established where the flow regime map obtained in the present work is in good agreement with the previous theoretical and experimental works. The High Speed Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo System also proved to give accurate results for the determination of the liquid level within ± 1.5% and the time averaged liquid level measurements performed in the present work agree within ±10% with the theoretical models. Time averaged void fraction measurements for a stratified smooth flow, stratified wavy, plug flow and annular flow qualitatively agree with the theoretical predictions. Liquid plug and bubble velocities measurements for gas superficial velocities lower than 0.48 m/s qualitatively and quantitatively agree with the correlations, while for higher gas superficial velocities it was proved that there is only qualitative agreement between the results due to the inability of the correlations to predict accurately. For slug velocity there is only qualitative agreement with the correlations, where the discrepancy is likely due to limitations in the correlations. Finally, wave height and frequency for a stratified wavy and annular flow were determined.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Marx's Views on India: A Sociological Appraisal of the "Asiatic" Mode of Production

contributor:
Levitt, Cyril
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The current literature on the theory of the "Asiatic" mode of production, which summarizes Marx's views on the non-European social formations including India, is quite vast. Even then, to date there is no systematic study which focuses simultaneously on the methodological and theoretical problems and consequences immanent in the "Asiatic" mode, and on its empirical validity within the historical context of the Indian social experience. The present dissertation, thus, seeks to achieve two objectives. First, it attempts to examine how far and to what extent Marx's "Asiatic" mode of production can be justified and upheld methodologically and theoretically, on the one hand, and empirically, on the other, on the basis of the concrete experience of the Indian social formation from about the rise of the Indus civilization to the first consolidation of the Muslim rule. Second, it also demonstrates that not only is Marx's theory grounded upon Orientalism, but, what is even more important, it stands for and indeed represents what I call materialist Orientalism -- the doctrine that rationalizes and sanctifies the geographical divide between the East and West, and, hence, separates Them from us by resorting to material or concrete explanatory factors.

From this standpoint, the present dissertation seeks to fill in a characteristic void in the contemporary literature for two reasons. First, the eXisting stUdies, which are largely unsystematic from a methodological and theoretical point of view, invariably center around revising the "Asiatic" mode in such a way as to make it more acceptable than what would be the case in its original Marxian form. In contrast to this, it is argued that numerous methodological and theoretical problems are built into the very structure of Marx's theory, so much so that it is hardly amenable to any constructive modification or revision. By focusing on pre-Muslim India for the determination of the empirical validity of the AMP, the present dissertation purports to remedy a second deficiency. As yet there is no such systematic empirical assessment of Marx's theory,although marx himself constructed his theory almost completely on the basis of the Indian historical experience. In sum, my findings indicate that Marx's theory is empirically inadequate in view of the existence of an overwhelming mass of historical data to the contrary.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Writing Southeast Asian Security. The “War On Terror” As A Hegemonic Security Narrative And Its Effects In Southeast Asia: A (Critical) Security Analysis

contributor:
Stubbs, Richard
Beier, Marshall J.
Wylie, Lana
Political Science

subject:
Southeast Asia
War on Terror
Critical Security
American Foreign Policy
ASEAN
Bush Doctrine
Asian Studies
Comparative Politics
International Relations
Political Science
Political Theory
Asian Studies

abstract:
This dissertation examines the (critical) security effects that US Foreign Policy, and in particular the War on Terror (WOT), has had on East and Southeast Asia. This dissertation also articulates an innovative critical security approach that requires a post-structuralism based in Stephen K. White’s notion of “weak ontology,” and further demands a historically and geographically contingent method of immanent critique that allows us to grapple with the politics and ethics of actually occurring security logics. As a form of immanent critique rooted in a weak ontological understanding of critical security, this dissertation asks- and answers- the following question(s): What can a critical security analysis tell us about security/insecurity that a more conventional realist-based security analysis cannot? And more specifically, what can a critical security analysis tell us about the impact that the WOT has had on both state and non-state actors in East and Southeast Asia? In other words, operating as an immanent critique in the context of empirical examples in East and Southeast Asia, this dissertation demonstrates that forms of insecurity were constructed and/or abetted by the WOT itself, understood as a hegemonic security narrative, and that these forms of insecurity occurred in concert with the practice of traditional forms of state-centric security.

This dissertation contributes to scholarship in two significant ways. First, it seeks to remedy the relative paucity of critical security analyses focused on East Asia and Southeast Asia. Second, this dissertation demonstrates- using the weak ontological immanent critique approach that it outlines- that a deconstructive critical security analysis based in post-structuralist commitments need not be anathema to engagements with pragmatic problems and security issues, nor should it have to preclude the possibility of enacting the politics and ethics that are required to theorize alternative security logics.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Software Profiling of Rogue Events in High-Volume Gauging

contributor:
Veldhuis, Stephen C.
Macdonald, Peter D.M.
Bone, Gary M.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Profiling
Mixture Models
Gauge
Reliability
Automotive
Production
GR&R
Cpk
Applied Statistics
Manufacturing
Mechanical Engineering
Applied Statistics

abstract: Customers are placing ever increasing demands on automotive part manufacturers for high quality parts at low cost. Increasingly, the demand is for zero defects or defect rates in the less than one part per billion. This creates a significant challenge for manufacturers as to how to achieve these low defect levels economically while producing large volumes of parts. Importantly, the presence of infrequent process and measurement (gauge) events can adversely affect product quality. This thesis uses a statistical mixture model that allows one to assume a main production process that occurs most of the time, and secondary rogue events that occur infrequently. Often the rogue events correspond to necessary operator activity, like equipment repairs and tooling replacement. The mixture model predicts that some gauge observations will be influenced by combinations of these rogue events. Certain production applications, like those involving feedback or high-reliability gauging, are heavily influenced by rogue events and combinations of rogue events. A special runtime software profiler was created to collect information about rogue events, and statistical techniques (rogue event analysis) were used to estimate the waste generated by these rogue events. The value of these techniques was successfully demonstrated in three different industrial automotive part production applications. Two of these systems involve an automated feedback application with Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machining centers and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) gauges. The third application involves a high-reliability inspection system that used optical, camera-based, machine-vision technology. The original system accepted reject parts at a rate of 98.7 part per million (ppm), despite multiple levels of redundancy. The final system showed no outgoing defects on a 1 million part factory data sample, and a 100 million part simulated data sample. It is expected that the final system reliability will meet the 0.001 ppm specification, which represents a huge improvement.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Work, Commitment to Work and Self-Identity among Women

contributor:
Jones, F.E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This thesis focuses on an empirical study of commitment to work and the importance of work for self-identity among working women. In the first chapter, a Meadian conceptualization of the self is expounded from which it is hypothesized that current adult involvements will be more relevant for current adult self-identity than will early socialization experiences. This is followed by a review of the relevant occupational and sex roles literature. Some of the traditional assumptions about working women are made explicit: women have a primary commitment to their marriage and family roles and a secondary commitment to work; it is women's part-time and temporary involvement in the labour force which is largely responsible for their secondary commitment to work; commitment to work and the importance of work for self-identity are synonymous or at least highly and positively correlated with one another. These assumptions are questioned and a conceptual distinction between commitment to work and the importance of work for self-identity is made.

The data are collected using personal interviews among working women in four occupational groups: social workers; newspaper reporters; fashion models; and privates and corporals in the Forces. These groups are chosen specifically to permit a test of the differential influence of occupational prestige and the traditional sex-characterization of the occupation on both commitment to work and the importance of work for self-identity.

The data are analyzed using regression analysis for: the sample as a whole; married working women; working mothers; and each of the four occupational groups separately. The results confirm the Meadian suggestion that current adult involvements would be more influential for current adult self-identity than would early childhood experiences. The conceptual distinction between commitment to work and the importance of work for self-identity is supported empirically. These findings point to the need for further clarification between these concepts and suggest the inadequacy of current writings which assume they are synonymous.

Factors leading to an increased importance of work for self-identity do not support the traditional assumptions about working women. Rather, the actual proportion of other women which the respondent knew is associated with an increased importance of work. This is interpreted in terms of establishing work as a legitimate role for women. Marital status, or involvement in the marriage role, leads to an increased importance of work. Finally, among working mothers, outside assistance with the children leads to an increased importance of work.

Findings for commitment to work also debunk some of the common assumptions found in the literature. It is not affected by marital status, the presence of children, the number of children, or past involvement in the labour force. Like men, women increase their comndtment to work as their occupational prestige increases. However, different findings are evident when different indicators are used. The use of lesg valid but nevertheless popularly employed indicators leads to findings which support some of the traditional assumptions. The selection of indicators is then discussed as a possible reason for some of the contradictory findings in the literature.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Calculation of Tolerances Based On Minimum Cost

contributor:
Bandler, John W.
Applied Mathematics

subject:
Applied Mathematics
Applied Mathematics

abstract: A possible mathematical formulation of the practical problem of computer - aided design for any system or any engineering design subject to tolerances on the n independent parameters is used to solve some special cases under certain restrictions. The sequential unconstrained minimization technique of Fiacco - McCormick is used to get the optimum solution. The scheme used is : starting from arbitrary initial acceptable or unacceptable designs and culminating in designs which under reasonable restrictions are acceptable.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Mass Transfer Around Single Spheres in the Presence of Large Temperature Gradients

contributor:
Lu, W.-K.
Hamielec, A. E.
Metallurgy

subject: Metallurgy Metallurgy

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Addition Complexes of 8-Hydroxyquinoline and Derivatives with U(VI} and Th(IV}

contributor:
Corsini, A.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Thermal Neutron Capture in ⁵⁸Fe

contributor:
Kennett, T.J.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Study of Non-linear Oscillations Using Tunnel Diode

contributor:
Gladwin, A. S.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: Master of Engineering (MEngr)


title: Seismic Rehabilitation of Concrete Frame Beam-Column Joints

contributor:
Ghobarah, A.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
Many reinforced concrete frame structures were designed and constructed before the development of seismic codes or according to earlier versions of seismic codes. Thus, these structures were designed only for gravity loads or for much lower lateral loads than the loads specified by the current seismic codes. Non-ductile reinforcement details in the form of insufficient shear reinforcement in the joint zone or inadequate anchorage length of beam bars are some of the main characterisitics of these structures. Post-earthquake investigations confirmed the vulnerability of these structures to severe earthquakes. Poorly designed joints, especially the exterior ones have been identified as critical structural elements that could fail prematurely. Many failure cases were recorded as a result of joint shear failure or anchorage failure of beam bars.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the seismic behaviour of existing concrete frames under simulated seismic loads as well as to develop effective rehabilitation schemes for strengthening concrete frames with non-ductile reinforcement details. The experimental part of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of non-ductile reinforcement details on the behaviour of the joint. Several rehabilitation schemes were proposed to mitigate the hazards caused by such poorly detailed concrete joints. These strengthening schemes included using of externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets and steel elements. Twelve exterior full-scale beam-column joints were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. The speciments were divided into three groups, the first group has no transverse reinforcement in the joint zone, the second group has inadequate embedment length of beam bars and the last group has both no ties in the joint and inadequate anchorage length of beam bars. The joint shear resistance was improved using FRP jacket, whereas the inadequate anchorage conditions of beam bars were improved using FRP sheets or steel elements. The analytical part of this study was conducted to study the effect of FRP wraps on the compression behaviour of axially-loaded concrete elements and to develop analytical models to predict the shear response of concrete joints without transverse reinforcement, with transverse reinforcement or with FRP sheets. The proposed models were introduced into a non-linear dynamic analysis program and then used to simulate existing and rehabilitated beam-column subassemblies.

From the test results, several rehabilitation systems to improve the performance of non-ductile concrete joints were proposed and successfully evaluated. FRP jacket proved to be effective in upgrading the joint shear resistance. FRP sheets and steel elements were effective in upgrading the anchorage conditions of beam bars. The proposed shear and materials models, which were introduced into a macro model to represent beam-column joints, were capable of representing the cyclic behaviour of existing and rehabilitated beam-column subassemblies. These models would help the design engineers to assess existing structures and propose practical rehabilitation schemes for these structures.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Mutations identitaires dans la francophonie sud-ontarienne: rôle de I'école

contributor:
Lepicq, Dominique
French

subject: French and Francophone Language and Literature

abstract: Cette these examine l'évolution des communautés canadiennes-franc;:aises de l'Ontario depuis leur implantation jusqu'à l'époque actuelle ainsi que les facteurs qui entraînent des changements au sein de la francophonie ontarienne en contexte postmodeme. De nouvelles réalités se font jour: Ie pluralisme des communautés francophones sur Ie plan culturel, géographique, linguistique et ethnique. Menacés d'assimilation, les Franco-Ontariens doivent faire face aux défis de maintenir la langue et la culture françaises. Le milieu scolaire constitue une institution cruciale pour sauvegarder I'avenir de ces communautés; en effet, les écoles franco-ontariennes assument de plus en plus la responsabilité de transmettre la langue et la culture françaises. En somme, elles doivent s'adapter aux répercussions de la société postmodeme sur Ie milieu minoritaire francophone en Ontario.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Event History Modelling of Spatial Point Patterns: Issues Regarding Interval definition, Censoring and Explanatory variables

contributor:
Reader, Steven
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
This thesis attempts to further the research by Odland and Ellis (1992) in applying event history models to the analysis of spatial point patterns (i.e., event patterns). Its empirical focus is the event pattern derived from the adoption of an agricultural innovation, the Harvestore, in southern Ontario, Canada from 1963 to 1986.

Event history analysis involves the use ofdiscrete-state, continuous-time stochastic models to investigate a temporal longitudinal record on discrete variables (event history data). Event history models are primarily concerned with durations of time between events and the effects of intertemporal time dependencies on future event occurrences.

Many of the methods used in event history analysis do not preclude the use of other non-negative interval measurements in place of standard temporal intervals to investigate a series of events. In particular, spatial intervals (durations) of distances between points (events) may also be accommodated by event history models.

This thesis is methodological in nature, and extends the previous research of Odland and Ellis (1992) by using a wider range of parametric models to explore duration dependence, investigating the role of spatial censoring, and using a more extensive set of explanatory variables. In addition, simulation experiments and graphical tests are used to evaluate the empirical event pattern against one generated from Complete Spatial Randomness.

Results indicate that the event pattern formed by the Harvestore adopter farms is clustered (i.e., is described by positive duration dependency). Also, the sales agent is found to be a significant factor in the distribution of Harvestore adopters. In addition, contrasting results obtained from the analysis using censored data versus uncensored data (traditional nearest neighbours) underscores the importance of considering edge effects when using nearest neighbour durations. It appears that an event history approach is a valuable methodology that provides insight into spatial point patterns and processes.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Effect of Organic Terrain and Surface Modification on Active Layer Development

contributor:
Woo, Ming-ko
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: [Missing pages: xi, 3, 20, 21]

abstract:
During the summer of 1995, ground energy balance was calculated for six organic soils at different stages of development and nine mineral soils subject to forced modification near Resolute, N.W.T. Ground temperature, frost and water tables, and soil moisture were monitored at each site on 9 m2 plots, allowing inter-comparisons in an attempt to assess how active layer development was related to changes in soil structure, hydrology and boundary conditions.

In organic soils, both the degree of humification and the position of the water table were the principal controls on active layer thaw. Developing organic soils with water tables near the surface had deeper thaw and warmer soil profiles than decomposing organics. The presence of ground ice also limits thaw depth because of large latent heat requirements for ice melt. In organic soils, both conduction and convection of heat are important processes. A feedback mechanism may exist whereby wetland organics are maintained by keeping the active layer shallow through a reduction in heat transfer when dry.

The responses of mineral soils to changing boundary conditions were inconclusive. Modifications to surface albedo, rainfall, snowfall and soil structure all affected soil parameters. Decreased albedo and increased snow cover had the greatest influence on active layer thaw when compared with unmodified conditions of the previous year. Placing a gravel pad over surfaces modified thaw depths in both mineral and organic soils.

The results of this study show the importance of hydrologic conditions, properties of surface organic layer, soil heterogeneity and ground ice on active layer thermodynamics. In all soils, heat flowing into the permafrost was the greatest component of the ground energy expenditure, followed by heat consumed in phase change and lastly by sensible heat used in warming the active layer. Current numerical models of active layer development are simplified, and this study shows that complexities not accounted for in models may hinder their ability to predict active layer responses to changing environments.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Packaging Dreams: An Anthropological Analysis of Tour Operators

contributor:
Cooper, Matthew
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis addresses the general question of how tourism is generated. More specifically it is a qualitative analysis of how the tour packaging industry interacts with the travel market in Canada. The industry provides the means of tourism, linking tourists with destinations, the subject and object of tourism respectively.

Three dimensions of the considered: process, cuIture, tourism system are and history. These perspectives allow for a more holistic understanding of the operations, relationships, and effects of tourism. Research into the factors involved in generating a tourist flow contributes an insight into Canadian social/cultural reality and change. For the destination areas, it may be impossible to understand completely the host-guest interactions without reference to the generating situation.

The results of the analysis show package tour operators to occupy an important brokerage position in the tourism process. As well, tourism is determined to possess significance as a culturally constituted good which the tour operator is able to package into vacation 'dreams.'

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Application of Compressed Sensing to Single Voxel J Resolved Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Simulation and In Vitro Results

contributor:
Noseworthy, Michael
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Compressed Sensing
JPRESS
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
ProFit
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: Localized Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is a non-invasive tool that offers insight into physiological status via signals arising from biological compounds. Unambiguous evaluation of said signals, however; is intrinsically limited by self interference through signal overlap. J Resolved Spectroscopy introduces an additional dimension to the measured signal which reduces overlap at the cost of increasing the scan duration. Compressed Sensing is a growing mathematical framework that asserts that under certain conditions, if a signal admits a sparse representation then it can be recovered from fewer measurements than required by classical signal theory. This framework has been successfully applied in high resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance experiments, justifying the investigation into its applicability in the realm of localized Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The problem is addressed by optimizing the Compressed Sensing recovery on model spectra and evaluated in vitro through a parametric approach.

abstract: Localized Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is a non-invasive tool that o↵ers insight into physiological status via signals arising from biological compounds. Unambiguous evaluation of said signals, however; is intrinsically limited by self interference through signal overlap. J Resolved Spectroscopy introduces an additional dimension to the measured signal which reduces overlap at the cost of increasing the scan duration. Compressed Sensing is a growing mathematical framework that asserts that under certain conditions, if a signal admits a sparse representation then it can be recovered from fewer measurements than required by classical signal theory. This framework has been successfully applied in high resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance experiments, justifying the investigation into its applicability in the realm of localized Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The problem is addressed by optimizing the Compressed Sensing recovery on model spectra and evaluated in vitro through a parametric approach.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Silicone Hydrogels and their use as Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

contributor:
Sheardown, Heather
Latulippe, David
Chemical Engineering

subject:
contact lens
drug delivery
glaucoma
molecular imprinting
silicone hydrogel
polymer
Biomaterials
Biomaterials

abstract: Despite the long history of topical eye drops and their use in delivering therapeutic agents to the anterior of the eye, efficient sustained delivery continues to be an elusive goal. The robust and effective clearance mechanisms that the eye is endowed with are significant delivery challenges and result in short drug residence times and low ocular bioavailability. The work carried out in this thesis focused on developing, synthesizing and characterizing silicone hydrogels and evaluating their potential as drug eluting inserts for more effective delivery of ocular pharmaceuticals. The first strategy (Chapter 2) focused on incorporating a novel hydrogel additive, hyaluronic acid, to promote hydrogel-drug ionic interactions that can function to increase drug loading and subsequent release dosage. Hydrogels composed of a hydrophilic monomer, N,N-dimethlacrylamide (DMA) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and a hydrophobic monomer, methacryloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane (TRIS), were used as model contact lenses. By combining ionic interactions with molecular imprinting techniques within a single hydrogel, it was shown that this can produce a compound effect on drug uptake and release. Although greater control over release dosage was achieved, there was limited capacity for these materials to delivery timolol for extended periods with drug release occurring rapidly over a period of 1-2 days. However, there were clear differences in the release duration from the p(DMA-co-TRIS) and p(HEMA-co-TRIS) hydrogel formulations. Therefore, the second study (Chapter 3) aimed to better understand the relationship between the hydrogel chemical composition and the resultant material properties on the drug release characteristics. A range of hydrogels were synthesized with varying hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers, which were then characterized by their water content, transparency, optical haze and surface wettability. The previous generation materials were evolved by incorporating a modified siloxy methacrylate TRIS(OH), a methacrylated polydimethylsiloxane macromonomer (mPDMS) and a polymerizable silicone surfactant (ACR). The properties of the hydrogels were dramatically affected by the nature and relative contribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers. The release of dexamethasone (DEX), an anti-inflammatory medication, was shown to vary significantly depending on the hydrogel formulations; often displaying faster release in high water content materials and slow release in low water content hydrogels. The mechanism of diffusion for lipophilic DEX in these hydrogel systems appeared to be through the internal aqueous network channels within the bulk. Over the range of hydrogels formulations that were tested, the release from them varied from approximately seven days to greater than two weeks.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: GEOPHYSICAL PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION WITH GEOLOGIC CONTROLS: EXAMPLES FROM THE BATHURST MINING CAMP

contributor:
Morris, Bill
Joe Boyce, Pavlos Kanaroglou
Earth and Environmental Sciences

subject:
Geophysics
Earth Science
Mineral Exploration
Gravity Exploration
Magnetic Exploration
Electromagnetic Exploration
Geophysics and Seismology
Geophysics and Seismology

abstract:
With an ever-increasing consumption of natural resources new prospecting techniques are required to satisfy the demand. Geophysical methods are one tool commonly relied upon. New acquisition platforms or survey methodologies provide one way to expand the geophysical capabilities, but are expensive and slow to develop. New processing and interpretation techniques on the other hand provide a rapid means to reinterpret existing datasets with the goal of improving our geologic understanding of a project area. This thesis presents four new ways to extract additional geologic insights from a variety of geophysical datasets. All of the studies are based within the Bathurst Mining Camp, NB.

A physical rock property database for the Bathurst Mining Camp is constructed and statistically analyzed in chapter two. Descriptive statistics include mean, standard deviation; first, second and third quartiles are calculated for density and magnetic susceptibility measurements and provided in tables for reference. Bivariate plots are then used to identify trends in the density-magnetic susceptibility relationship. We relate some of our findings to processes involved in the depositional and alteration history of the various lithologies. Comprehensive rock property databases provide valuable constraints for geophysical data processing and are essential for any subsequent geophysical modeling. This is demonstrated with two examples. A joint gravity-magnetic profile model is completed across the geologically complex Nine Mile Synform. The profile reveals deep structure in the Camp down to 5 km depth. A geologically constrained geophysical inversion model of the magnetic anomaly associated with the Armstrong B mineral deposit reveals this anomaly contains a strong magnetic remanence contribution. The influence of remanence is often ignored in magnetic interpretation and modeling, but vital to achieve a geologically correct solution. In this instance comparison of the calculated remanence direction with the expected Apparent Polar Wander Path defined direction suggests an age of mineralization that is compatible with geological evidence.

A new approach to determine the optimum near surface residual magnetic signal is presented in chapter three. Additionally, a new way of locating remanently magnetized bodies is also introduced. This technique inverts frequency domain helicopter-borne electromagnetic data to yield apparent magnetic susceptibility. To locate those zones where the magnetic signal is dominated by remanence the inverted HFEM susceptibility is cross plot against the results of a traditional apparent susceptibility filter. The inverted HFEM susceptibility is independent of remanence while the apparent susceptibility assumes no remanence. Where remanence is present the TMI derived apparent susceptibility does not correlate with the HFEM. These differences are readily evident in a cross plot of the two susceptibilities. To determine a magnetic residual the inverted susceptibility is forward modeled as a series of vertical prisms with homogeneous susceptibility equal to the inverted susceptibility. This HFEM magnetic model is then used to reference the results of traditional wavelength separation methods. By design the HFEM information is restricted the near surface whereas all traditional regional / residual separation methods operate under wavelength assumptions. A case study using this methodology is presented on the western side of the Tetagouche Antiform.

The use of a spatially variable density correction applied to ground gravity and gravity gradiometry in the BMC is examined in the fourth chapter. The influence of topography on gravity and gravity gradiometry measurements is profound and must be removed prior to interpretation. In geologic environments where there is a structural and/or stratigraphic control on the near surface mass distribution, using a single density value may introduce error into the reduced data. A regionally variable density correction is a means to compensate for this effect. Spectral information between the ground gravity and airborne gravity gradiometry is also compared in this chapter. Both systems are fundamentally recording the same geologic mass distribution albeit by different means. Where differences exist one system must be in error.

The final chapter demonstrates a quantitative interpretative technique for geophysical data. Often interpretation of the geophysical data in a geological context is done qualitatively using total field and derivative maps. With this approach the resulting map product may reflect the interpreter’s bias. Source edge detection provides a quantitative means to map lateral physical property changes in potential and non-potential field data, but the field data must be transformed prior to SED computation. There are numerous transformation algorithms, all of which operate slightly differently. We demonstrate that by combining the output of several different SED computations through data stacking, the interpretable product of SED is improved. In two examples, a synthetic example and real world example from the Bathurst Mining Camp, a number of transformation algorithms are applied to gridded geophysical datasets and the resulting SED solutions combined. Edge stacking combines the benefits and nuances of each SED algorithm; coincident, or overlapping solutions are considered more indicative of a true edge, while isolated points are taken as being indicative of random noise or false solutions.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)