title: Effects of light attraction and flight-calling on mortality of nocturnally migrating songbirds

contributor:
Gallant, Lena (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Shutler, Dave) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Migration is observed in many species of the animal kingdom, including birds.  Of increasing risk to nocturnally migrating birds is mortality associated with attraction to artificial light. During migratory
flights, some birds produce species-specific vocalisations known as flight calls, which are believed to facilitate group cohesion and collective decision-making. Artificial light has the ability to disrupt compass systems used by migrants, disorienting them.  Studies have suggested that flight-calling may contribute to mass collision events by amplifying disorienting effects of light at night. Migrants increase flight-calling in response to light, possibly attracting more conspecifics that are then at greater risk of light-related mortality. Light may also negatively affect decision-making capacity,  leading to poorer decisions during migration. To examine this, I used data from the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) to determine if flight-calling species have experienced greater population declines between 1966 and 2017 than non-flight-calling species. Analysis supported this hypothesis with 74% of flight-calling species continent-wide showing declines. There was a greater proportion of negative trends in the western BBS region (71%) versus the two other regions. However, further research is required to determine if these effects are attributable to increased anthropogenic light, or other mortality sources which have increased in tandem, such as habitat loss and habitat degradation.


title: Using DNA barcodes to review the taxonomy of water and pygmy shrews in Canada

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor:
Blumberg, Wyeth (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Stewart, Don) (Thesis advisor)

rights: The author grants permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. The author retains the copyright of the thesis.

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
The American water shrew (Sorex palustris Richardson, 1828) and the American pygmy shrew (S. hoyi Baird, 1857) have two or more distinct clades in North America. Sorex hoyi is divided into an Eastern and Western clade; S. palustris is divided into Boreal, Cordilleran and Eastern clades. Previous studies have used Cytochrome b sequence data from the mitochondrial genome to attempt to determine if the subspecies associated with these clades warranted species status. In this study, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequence data are tested to see whether two putative species, the eastern water shrew (S. albibarbis [Cope, 1862]), and Thompson’s pygmy shrew (S. thompsoni [Baird 1858]), are supported as separate species from their respective species complexes. DNA sequences of Cytochrome oxidase were downloaded from Genbank, n=14 for S. palustris and n=23 for S. hoyi. These were then used for phylogenetic tree construction and pairwise distance comparisons. The results from the analysis found for S. palustris the Boreal and Eastern clades had bootstrap support of 98-100% as was a Kimura-2-Parameter (K2P) pairwise distances of 4.98%. For S. hoyi, bootstrap support was 93% for the western clade and 83% for the eastern clade with a distance of 2.23% between the clades. The Cytochrome oxidase data did provide support to the species status of S. albibarbis of the Eastern from S. palustris of the Boreal clade with indirect support for S. navigator
of the Cordilleran clade. The sequence data did not have enough divergence or confidence for S. hoyi to support species status for S. h. thompsoni of the eastern clade.


title: Can prism adaptation effects generalize to wheelchair maneuvering?

contributor:
Wyatt, Lindsay (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Champod, Anne Sophie) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
Background. While prism adaptation (PA) has been recognized as a promising tool for treating spatial neglect, implementation as a standard treatment in clinical care has been lagging. Limited
evidence for the generalization of after-effects to everyday activities has been a barrier towards implementation.
Objectives. This study examined whether a home-friendly standardized PA protocol (Peg-the-Mole, PTM) induces after-effects that can transfer to wheelchair maneuvering. We also examined the impact of using constant (1 starting hand position) or variable (3 starting hand positions) training conditions on the transfer of after-effects to wheelchair maneuvering.
Methods. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to one of four PTM conditions: 1) prisms/constant training; 2) prisms/variable training; 3) sham goggles/constant training; 4) sham goggles/variable training.
Results. The use of PTM with rightward shifting prisms induced after-effects on proprioceptive and visual pointing outcome tasks. Groups using PTM with prism goggles showed a leftward shift in their position within a wheelchair course and a reduction in the number of right-sided collisions. The training condition did not have an impact on the transfer of after-effects to wheelchair driving.
Conclusion. PTM is a clinically appealing PA protocol that induces after-effects that can transfer to an everyday activity relevant to patients with neglect.


title: Manipulation of anopheles mosquitoes and human odors by Plasmodium parasites

contributor:
Sanford, Tristan (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Shutler, Dave) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract: Phenotypes are the characteristics of organisms.  Parasites may manipulate host phenotype in many symbioses; the best known examples are of manipulation of host behavior and to a lesser extent, host appearance.  Understanding manipulation is important for disease management.  Plasmodium spp. parasites cause malaria, which is spread when transmissible stages inside a vertebrate are ingested by a mosquito taking a blood meal.  Inside the mosquito, Plasmodium develops for several days before being injected into a vertebrate host during a blood meal.  I reviewed the literature around the idea that malaria-infected mosquitoes have increased attraction to human hosts when the parasite is transmissible, and decreased attraction when non-transmissible.  Chemical emissions released from the breath and skin of humans during infection were quantified to identify attractants.  Results indicate possible malaria manipulation of emission levels to increase mosquito attraction.  Though preliminary evidence is mounting that infection causes increased mosquito attraction to human hosts, differences in malaria species studied, mosquito species studied, stage of infection tested, age of human participants in trials, and experimental procedures make interpretation of findings complicated.


title: Facial aniimation using CycleGAN

contributor:
Quan, Li (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Zhang, Haiyi) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Computer Science


title: Isolation and identification of fungi associated with the marine green Macroalga Codium fragile (Suringar) hariot in Nova Scotia

contributor:
Younger, William (author)
(Walker, Allison) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract:
Fungi associated with marine macroalgae are a relatively unexplored ecological grouping. Recently there has been an increase in the interest of studying this aspect of fungal biodiversity, the ecological roles and phylogenetic history of marine and marine-derived species, and their potentially useful secondary metabolites. We aimed to better understand the biodiversity of fungi specifically associated with the marine green macroalga Codium fragile in Nova Scotia. We collected samples of C. fragile from the intertidal zone of 3 coastal sandy beach sites along the Atlantic coast, incubated them in sterile damp chambers, and observed
and isolated morphologically distinct fungi as they emerged. Fungi were isolated using a variety of culturing techniques and growth media. Axenic cultures were identified using morphological and molecular analysis. 23 filamentous fungi were obtained representing 11 species, 7 families, 4 orders, and 3 classes, all of which belonged to the subphylum Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota). The predominant genus isolated was
Acremonium, with A. fuci being the most frequently isolated species, followed by Akanthomyces attenuatus, Penicillium brevistipitatum and Parasarocladium sp., respectively.To our best knowledge, this sample contained 2 species unknown from marine environments, 8 novel host records for C. fragile, and 5 novel regional species records.

abstract: Biology


title: Evaluation of critical incident stress debriefing as perceived by volunteer firefighters in Nova Scotia

contributor: (Fraser, J.A.H (Sandy)) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1994

abstract:
This study investigate the effectiveness of the critical incident stress debriefing process, in particular the "Mitchell Model", as perceived by the volunteer firefighters.
The study was conducted by using a qualitative research approach of in-depth interviews with ten firefighters who had participated in the Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) process between July 1993 and December 1993. The recorded interviews were transcribed and coded and from this process, eight dominant themes evolved. These themes are: the positive impact of the CISD process on the department; the positive
impact of the CISD process on the individual; the value of venting, of being able to express emotions, and the importance of getting the whole perspective; and gaining an understanding that as firefighters, they had
done their best, they were not alone in their feeling and that they shared a stronger ease of bonding or brotherhood as a result of the CISD process.
The overall positive impact and effectiveness of the CISD process on volunteer firefighters was reflected throughout the data supporting the very limited documented research in this area.

abstract: Education


title: The life and thought of Henry Alline

contributor:
Beverley, James Allan (author)
(Cherry, Millard) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1977

abstract:
No abstract
Acadia Divinity College


title: Geology of the Deer Lake Ophiolite Complex, Newfoundland

contributor: O'Loughlin, John Patrick Stanley (author)

subject: LE3 .A278 1981

abstract:
The Deer Lake Complex is a narrow band of Ordovician(?) mafic-ultrarnafic rocks in western Newfoundland interpreted as an incomplete ophiolite derived from the ocean crust and upper mantle. The complex consists
of the following stratiforrn sequence of·rocks: 1) an ultrarnafic unit of asbestos-bearing serpentinized harzburgite, 2) a layered unit of coarse-grained ultrarnafic rocks ranging from wehrlite to clinopyroxenite and
leucocratic gabbro, and 3) a volcanic unit of spilitized basalt. All rocks are metamorphosed to the lower greenschist facies.
The complex is chemically similar to other ophiolites and modern day oceanic crust. The mafic volcanic rocks show distinct tholeiitic affinities and an ocean floor tectonic setting.
The complex generally strikes in a northeasterly direction (035°) and dips vertically to steeply to the east. The mafic-ultramafic rocks are flanked on the west by polydeformed and metamorphosed siliciclastic rocks of
the Fleur de Lys Supergroup and on the east by a chaotic sedimentary breccia. These rocks together with the complex are bounded unconformably by Carboniferous sedimentary rocks of the Deer Lake Basin.
The Deer Lake Complex is correlated directly with the Baie Verte-Brompton Line which has been interpreted as the surface trace of an ancient continent-ocean interface along the full length of the Canadian Appalachians.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: A wildly different perspective: western culture and the separate self

contributor:
Laing, Kevin (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(MacNeil, Ryan) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Business

abstract:
We have come to a crossroads in human history. A moment in time where if we continue down the same path, we will ultimately destroy ourselves in the process. A time where the only way to ensure the survival of humanity is through a complete shift in the way we fundamentally operate. We are being destroyed by unconsciousness. Our culture lacks any sense of connectivity and relatedness to the rest of life, the ecosystem, the past, or the future. If we were feeling these things, we would not be practicing culture as we are. Our modern institutions have ignored the interconnectedness and interdependency of all things and have been built upon the assumptions of ego, the separate self, and dominance hierarchies. Our goal should be to deconstruct these assumptions and build a new system out of the ashes of our old self. A globalized ego death.
Today, two of the most pressing threats of our time are the growing tribalism of our politics and the looming ecological collapse as we approach and exceed safe planetary boundaries. To solve both of these problems, we must start with the idea of the separate self that has become so central to western societies over the past few centuries. Even as our technological interconnection increases, our connections to our inner lives, each other, and our shared home have become weaker and more sparse.
In this thesis I use psychedelic writing to argue that we need to shift to a new system that is based around the harmonization of man and the universe that surrounds him. A system based in love and compassion, collaboration, and empathy. Lessons deeply embedded within the psychedelic experience. A system that prioritizes the mental and physical well-being of all people rather than short term profits. A system that turns the basic motivation for achievement away from competition and into a collaborative kind of enterprise. This thesis revolves around the idea of transformation and aims to mirror the process of ego death..


title: Fitbit depression detection in an undergraduate student population

contributor:
MacLeod, Joshua (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Leslie, Kenneth) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Psychology

abstract: Depression is the most prevalent mental health disorder in society today, especially in the undergraduate student population. This study examines the potential of the Fitbit Charge 4 to detect early depression, using measures of sleep disruption and movement. Undergraduate Psychology students (N=22) attending Acadia University during the year 2020-2021 participated in the study by wearing a Fitbit for at least seven days and nights and also filling out the CESD-R self-report depression questionnaire. Sleep data was available for all but one participant, and only a subset of participants (N=11) agreed to share their activity data. I hypothesized that Fitbit measures of sleep disruption (e.g., number of awakenings, low total sleep time) and low activity (e.g.,low total step count) would be correlated with higher measures of depression on the CESD-R. Most of the variables examined did not correlate with depression. However, the study did find that those with later waketimes were more depressed than those who got up earlier in the day, and also that increased variation in nightly sleep time was significantly correlated with depression, These results suggest that poor sleep hygiene and circadian factors may be associated with student depression, such that students who are less depressed wake up earlier and at the same time each day.  These results support the hypothesis that the Fitbit could be a useful tool to detect depression in this student population, and that more research is warranted.


title: Understanding the relationship between participation in organized sport and self-efficacy in paediatric cancer survivor

contributor:
Snow, Kayla (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Vierimaa, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Kinesiology

abstract: Organized sport plays an important role in fostering confidence and self-efficacy in children. For childhood cancer patients, the opportunity to engage in sport is often delayed due to treatment. Research has shown that involvement in physical activity can increase overall feelings of self-efficacy; however, few studies have focused on sport participation in childhood cancer survivors and its effects on physical and psychological health. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between sport participation and self-efficacy in a childhood cancer survivor. One 13-year-old male adolescent and his mother completed a demographic questionnaire and took part in three semi-structured interviews (M = 30 minutes) which included questions related to confidence and self-efficacy in sport. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Major themes reflected the adolescent’s ambivalence and lack of competence in sport post-cancer. This study enhancesour understanding of how self-efficacy can be fostered in sport among childhood cancer survivors.


title: Exploring reasons for previously returning to violent relationships prior to pursuing civil protection order among female intimate partner violence victims

contributor:
Martin, Jillian (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Bell, Kathryn) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
This study explored reasons why female intimate partner violence (IPV) victims seeking a protection order returned previously to a violent relationship and examined whether those reasons coincided with Domestic Violence -Civil Protection Order (DV-CPO) drop-out. Legal files closed between 2013 and 2019 from female IPV victims (N=404) who filed a DV-CPO petition in Franklin County, Ohio were analyzed using a mixed methods approach involving thematic analysis and t-tests. Reasons for returning previously to a violent relationship were captured by 17 themes identified in the data, including children, family, or parenting, batterer remorse, and emotional attachment. Number of times leaving or returning to a violent relationship did not impact final DV-CPO completion
.Results suggest female IPV victims return to violent relationships for reasons not previously reported in IPV literature, including shared housing, retrieval of belongings, and pets.


title: Synthesis and optimization of bulky tetraarylstannane as precursors for diarylstannylenes for hydrogen Activation

contributor:
Nazak, Joseph (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Ellis, Bobby) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Chemistry

abstract: Tetraarylstannanes (SnAr4) can be used as precursors for diarylstannylenes (SnAr2), which show promise for hydrogen activation. The syntheses of tetraarylstannane derivatives, R4Sn (where R= Ph, Mes, Mes*H, tBuC6H4, tol), were attempted using Grignard and substitution reaction. The synthesis of Mes*’Br, a very big bulky group, was attempted via a bromination reaction between Mes*H, Br2 and iron fillings. The bromination of Mes*H was done to obtain compounds that are bulky and stabilized, which will allow the removing of hydrogens. The synthesis of diaryl dichloride tin was attempted via a Kocheshov reaction with a 2:1 ratio between reactants. The ligand synthesis of Dipp2 DAB was done via a condensation reaction. Each product was purified by recrystallization, except Mes*’Br products was distilled. Products were characterized with 13C{1H} and 1H NMR spectroscopy. However, 119Sn{1H} NMR spectroscopy would be required to further confirm the synthesis of tetraarylstannanes and diaryl dichloride tin.


title: Impact of children on domestic violence civil protection order completion

contributor:
Bohemier, Kayla (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Bell, Kathryn) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Psychology

abstract: Civil protection orders (CPOs) are legal remedies intended to reduce risk of future harm to domestic violence (DV) victims and their children. DV victims with children may experience ambivalence about pursuing and obtaining a CPO. As part of a broader project, this study analyzed legal records from 404 female DV victims who filed a CPO petition within the State of Ohio. CPO completion rates were investigated related to presence, number, and involvement of children as well as Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement using a mixed-methods approach. Victims were more likely to obtain a CPO if children were included on an emergency protection order. No other group differences were identified. Qualitative analyses exploring CPS involvement and victims’ reasons for returning to an abusive relationship specific to children were consistent with past research.Further study on the impact of children on CPO completion is warranted.


title: An analysis of how print media portrayed drinking water advisories in Indigneous communities in Canada between 2006 - 2020

contributor:
Armstrong, Jessie (author)
(Cohen, Alice) (Thesis advisor)
(Biro, Andrew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract:
The issue of clean drinking water on Indigenous reserves in Canada has gained increasing relevance in recent years. As of March 9th, 2021, there were 58 long-term drinking water advisories in effect in 38 Indigenous communities (Government of Canada, 2021). This study focuses on how print media has reported on water security issues in Indigenous communities over the past 14 years
and was guided by the following questions:
1.
Are drinking water advisories in Indigenous communities underreported?
2.
How does newspaper media frame the Indigenous water crisis? Do newspaper articles provide appropriate details into the causes, impacts and solutions?
A literature review determined if newspaper media reported on the same causes, impacts and solutions as scientists and academics. ProQuest Central Database was used to find relevant articles
in the Toronto Star, the National Post and The Globe and Mail, between the years of 2006 and 2020. Drinking water advisories affecting Indigenous communities in Canada were underreported in newspaper media, with only 182 articles published in all three newspapers, showing a severe inequality compared the Walkerton Crisis where 652 newsprint stories were published over a 2-year
period. Due to the majority of articles framing this water crisis as a political issue, placing blame on government inaction, important details into the causes, impacts and solutions are not mentioned
in newspaper media, failing to properly educate the public and gain importance on the Canadian political agenda. This study should guide newspaper media on how to report on Indigenous issues in the future.

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: Queer and Mad: 2SLGBTQIA+ students’ perceptions of the Acadia Counselling Centre

contributor:
Munroe, Jenn (author)
(Carlson, Jesse) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract:
The purpose of this research is to determine if queer students at Acadia University are receiving the help they need from the school provided mental health services, specifically the Acadia
Counselling Centre. For this research, six semi-structured interviews were conducted with self-identified queer Acadia University students. The interviews were then transcribed and coded to
identify the relevant themes. In interpreting and understanding the experiences of my participants, I use an anti-oppressive and participatory action me thodology, with a specific goal of creating positive change for queer students at Acadia University. The findings show that queer students do not feel the counsellors of the Acadia Counselling Centre are sufficiently knowledgeable in queer identity or issues to provide them with the proper mental health supports. Based on the interviews and interpretations, recommendations are provided for necessary changes to the Acadia Counselling Centre.

abstract: Sociology


title: A demographic report of a new subpopulation and the environmental effects on nesting ecology of Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) found in Nova Scotia

contributor:
Feltham, Carter (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Mockford, Stephen) (Thesis advisor)
(Easy, Russell) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Chapter 2. Abstract: In  2016 a group  of Blanding’s Turtles were discovered in a small area in southwestern Nova Scotia near the community of Bangs Falls. The surrounding area was used primarily by  the  near-by lumber mill for commercial tree harvesting. Blanding’s Turtles inhabit various wetland  types  throughout  the  year  to  meet  their  needs. Thus, the importance of
understanding how much of the area was used by the turtles to facilitate protection of the land necessary for their survival. A capture-mark-recapture program has been conducted over four years
in the area and morphological data for each individual was recorded. The time and heterogeneity model in the program MARK was used to estimate the number of turtles in the new area as well as to update estimates from the known subpopulations. The Bangs Falls turtles were observed using similar habitat as Blanding’s Turtles throughout their range. A total of 500 traps were set and 571 survey hours were done between May and  August  in  2018  and  2019. Resulting  in 154 Blanding’s Turtles observations of  66 individuals. They are comparable in weight and length to the Blanding’s Turtles found in Pleasant River and McGowan Lake. The number of Blanding’s Turtles in the Bangs Falls subpopulationwas  estimated  to  be 77-116 individuals. The total population  estimate  for Blanding’s Turtles in Nova Scotia increased from ~350 individuals to 557 (95% CI: 521-608) individuals.
Chapter 3. Abstract: Hatching success in oviparous reptiles varies with environmental factors. The cool climate in Nova Scotia was likely a contributor to low hatching success in Blanding’s Turtles
compared to other parts of their range (Standing et al.,1999). Nesting data for Blanding’s Turtles and environmental factors were recorded. Air temperature was used as a proxy to estimate nest temperatures. Temperature was the best criterion for predicting hatching success and was significantly better than models using variations of degree day. Although the nesting period for Blanding’s Turtles in Nova Scotia was similar to those throughout the species geographic range, the mean incubation period was up to 16 days longer and the average emergence rate was low (~42%). The model showed significant increase of hatching success with mean temperature and the data of hatch success over time showed an increasing trend. Rising temperatures will likely lead to increased
hatching success of Blanding’s Turtles in Nova Scotia for a short period of time, until the temperature rises above that in which they can develop successfully. Additionally, rising temperature will skew sex ratios effectively putting the population at risk of extinction due to limited fertilization opportunities and decreased genetic diversity.


title: Exploring the role of pediatric simulated patients in the teaching of pediatric communication skills in health education

contributor:
Armstrong, Emily (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Tinkham, Jennifer) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Education

abstract:
Purpose: Effective pediatric communication plays a essential role in quality pediatric care making it an important component in pediatric health education. Pediatric simulated patients (PSPs) are real children recruited (with their parents/guardians) to work with health education learners in order to provide a valuable and authentic experiential learning opportunity. The literature regarding their involvement, role, and benefit is limited and by exploring learners’, as well as parents/guardians and educators, thoughts, feelings, and experiences it may create a textual framework and provide a possible application for developing pediatric communication skills. This study explored the role of PSPs in the teaching of pediatric communication skills in health education.
Method: Following an interpretive research paradigm informed by a social constructivist theoretical framework, this study utilized a case study approach for its data collection. Results from 12 interviews (five with learners–three in medicine and two in nursing; five with parents/guardians; and two with educators) were analysed using a pre-set and emergent category approach.
Results: Participants reported a variety of critical outcomes and needs regarding the teaching and learning of pediatric skills and communication through working with PSPs, including a safe-learning environment, increased learner confidence and comfort, pediatric communication skills, and family-centered care. Other unexpected outcomes and themes emerged from the study, including increased advocacy for own and family’s health and possible changes for pediatric programming and curriculum.
Conclusion: This study identified multiple benefits of working with PSPs, defining and solidifying their role in the teaching of pediatric communication skills in health education. These learning opportunities ultimately provided learners with beneficial and valuable exposure and experience working with typically developed children, in the presence of educators, which enhanced the development of their pediatric communication skills and comfortably bridged to real-world experiences. Some suggested initiatives for future pediatric programming, as well as research, were identified, including increased inclusion of PSPs (and the feasibility of including those aged zero to five years) and further exploration into the role parents/guardians and educators play in PSP interactions.


title: Understanding United States political differences in willingness to follow public health guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic

contributor:
Johnson, Pearse (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Hayes, Joseph) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
The paper aimed to explore the relationship between COVID-19 worries (death of others vs. personal freedoms) and support for COVID-19 mitigation efforts amongst Democrats and Republicans. A total of 363 participants were included with a mean age of 40.65, 51.5% males/46.6% females, 79.1% White, 11.6% Black, and a median political orientation of 4.01(neutral). The study consisted of demographics, personality characteristics, and a between-subjects thought manipulation that prompted participants to worry about other people dying or about their personal freedoms. Following
were questionnaires concerning worries/feelings about COVID-19 and participants rated their intentions to follow COVID-19 mitigation efforts. Previous research was replicated displaying that conservatives are more interested in personal freedoms and liberals more concerned with others dying. Once personality factors were added, a more complex story unfolded. Factors such as Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) account for why Republicans are less likely to follow mitigation protocols than liberals. Other factors such as Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Intellectual Humility (IH) displayed inverse effects to what was expected, showing that Republicans cared more about other people dying, compared to liberals. Methodological limitations and avenues for future research are discussed. Further, future research should use a control condition to allow for better assessment of the effects of political orientation and cognitive interventions.


title: An investigation of caregiver attitudes , adult attachment style, and caregivers sensitivity using a simulated parenting task

contributor:
Harris, Allison (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Symons, Doug) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
The present study examined the relations between adult attachment styles and caregiver sensitivity, and how they in turn relate to caregiver attitudes using a simulated parenting task. Participants were 172 undergraduate students who completed measures of adult attachment styles and recollected caregiver sensitivity before and after raising a virtual child from birth to 19 years of age,
completing assignments along the way. Following the virtual child task, participants completed three attachment-informed measures of caregiver attitudes towards the child. As expected, individuals with greater attachment anxiety and avoidance were found to have less positive attitudes toward the virtual child. However, it was only attachment-related avoidance that negatively and uniquely
predicted perceived child security and willingness to serve as an attachment figure for their virtual child, even after controlling for their grade on assignments. Additionally,participants’ recollected caregiver sensitivity was found to be inversely related to measures of attachment insecurity and positively related to measures of caregiver attitudes. However, although related, sensitivity did not account for variance above and beyond that of attachment-related avoidance. In sum, these results provide further evidence for the role of attachment avoidance in the prediction of negative caregiver attitudes, with the opposite pattern displayed by caregiver sensitivity. These results offer support for the use of simulations when examining attachment relationships and parenting attitudes.


title: Understanding cost differences of transit services between urban and rural Canada

contributor: (Justin Beaudoin, Justin) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract:
In 2021, the Canadian government announced a new policy regarding public transit funding that has put rural transit projects  in a disadvantageous position as the funding guidelines ignore the  differences of transit  demand  and  supply  between  urban  and  rural  Canada. In  other  words, urban areas that have higher population density and more job opportunities, will also have more
complete and accessible public transit service that would attract more transit users, in contrast to rural areas. Hence, this thesis focuses on identifying the potential differences of ridership demand
and  supply,  and  the  required  subsidy,  between  urban  and  rural  Canadian  transit  operations by examining the empirical relationship on: (1)  the factors affecting  transit demand, (2) the factors affecting transit supply costs, and (3) the factors affecting the required subsidy per trip from the public transit users’ approach. A pooled cross-sectional dataset  comprised exclusively of
transit demand factors from 1996 to 2016 was used for the one-stage OLS regression for all three models. It should be noted that none of the existing literature has involved a cross-sectional comparison of public transit across Canadian cities, and none of these studies have focused on the rural context.
The results show that there are differences in ridership demand and supply, and the required subsidy,  between  urban  and  rural  transit  operations  in  Canada. Accounting  for  their  respective
difference in socioeconomic, built environment, and ridership levels this thesis provides evidence for policymakers that rural and urban areas may need different transit funding policies.

abstract: Economics


title: The art of self-deception: individual differences in death-thought accessibility following standard manipulations of mortality salience and delay

contributor:
Tupper, Robb (author)
(Hayes, Joseph) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: According to Terror-Management Theory (TMT), all people are afraid of death, whether they realize it or not. Despite this, people report varying degrees of fear of death. Are people who say they are not afraid of death in denial? The current study sought to test this hypothesis using TMT methodology. Accordingly, I assessed the extent to which people dismiss thoughts of death from focal attention following a death reminder (i.e., mortality salience; MS) using an implicit measure of death-thought accessibility (DTA). Participants (N=758) completed a pre-screening questionnaire assessing self-reported fear of death (FOD) and were randomly assigned to a 2 (MS v. control) × 2 (delay v. no delay) between-subjects factorial design. Results showed only an MS × Delay interaction such that DTA was heightened immediately after MS, but not after a delay. FOD did not moderate the results.

abstract: Psychology


title: The relation between levels of construals and psychological well-being in long- and short-term situations

contributor:
LeBlanc, Grace (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Horvath, Peter) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
The present study examined the relationship between levels of construal and psychological well-being in short- and long-term situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether low-level construals were
associated with psychological wel-being in short-term situations, while high-level construals were associated with psychological well-being in the long term. Fifty-seven undergraduate students at Acadia University from the Introductory Psychology classes were recruited to participate in the study through an online experiment registration program (SONA). Participants were asked to fill out online survey questionnaires that took
approximately 35-45 minutes to complete. The online survey included a demographic questionnaire, the Situations and Construals Questionnaire (SCQ), which measured construal levels in situations, the Scales of
Psychological Well-Being (SPWB), the Adult Hope Scale (AHS), and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) for the participants to complete. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses. Contrary to prediction, the results showed that high-level construals were the best predictors of overall psychological well-being in both types of situations. High-level construals in both long- and short-term situations were the best predictors of hope. Lastly, high-level construals in short-term situations were the best predictors for optimism. The results of the present study highlight the association of high-level
construals with psychological well-being.


title: The role of presentation time, colour and facial gender in emotion recognition

contributor:
Houck, Lydia (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Bleile, Karmen) (Thesis advisor)
(Jones, Stephanie) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract: Psychology

abstract: Many cues mediate how facial expressions convey emotional state; one such cue is colour. The current study examined colour-emotion relationships using a forced choice task in which participants identified emotions displayed by angry, sad, or neutral faces valenced by red, blue, or neutral backgrounds. As emotion processing occurs hierarchically, the study examined how varying presentation time (50, 100 or 200 ms) impacted identification. Regardless of time, it was predicted that emotionally congruent pairings (red-angry, sad-blue) would be identified more accurately than neutral or incongruent pairings, and neutral faces would be identified as the emotion with which their background colour was affectively linked. It was predicted that responses would vary by duration. Results highlighted the varying strengths of colour-emotion pairings as well as an unexpected relationship with facial gender. No effect of presentation time was observed.


title: Death thoughts and indeterminacy: is the word-fragment measure of death-thought accessibility tainted by within-task priming?

contributor:
Glockmann-Musto, Santina (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Hayes, Joseph) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
Death-thought accessibility (DTA) has traditionally been measured in Terror Management Theory (TMT) studies using implicit techniques, such as reaction-time measures or word-fragment completion tasks. However, recent research indicates that these measures may actually influence the phenomenon that they attempt to assess. Specifically, the mere act of completing a DTA measure can prime thoughts of death, thereby
making participants more prone to death-thoughts and contaminating participant responses. In light of these findings the current study investigated the structure of a popular word-fragment completion measure of DTA. Specifically, the present study administered the word-fragment measure within a traditional TMT paradigm and manipulated the order of the death-related words within the word-fragment measure, based on
normative death-completion frequencies. The primary hypothesis of the study was that higher-frequency death-fragments completed early-on in the task would be more likely to prime death and thereby contaminate the assessment of DTA in the remainder of the task. The results did not support this hypothesis. Participants who completed the word-fragment task which presented the death-fragments in ascending frequency order had increased DTA scores relative to those who completed the word-fragment task in the descending frequency order. Additionally, the present study failed to replicate traditional TMT patterns of DTA. Discussion is focused on implications for designing word-fragment measures of DTA in TMT research.


title: Affectionate touch and attachment styles, by relationship type and context

contributor:
Marr, Allison K. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Holmberg, Diane) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
Attachment styles (i.e., affectionate relational bonds) are linked with affectionate touch use, such that avoidantly attached adults (i.e., adults who are uncomfortable with relational closeness) use  affectionate  touch  minimally and  the  link  between  attachment  avoidance  and relational, physical, and psychological well-being, is often negative. However, other research suggests that avoidantly  attached  adults  may  benefit  from  affectionate  touch  if  it  is  received.  Since  most previous research has failed to assess different components of affectionate touch, the present thesis analyzed whether  avoidant  attachment  predicts  desire  for,  comfort with ,  and  frequency  of affectionate  touch  between  romantic  partners,  and  investigated whether  attachment  avoidance serves  as  a  moderator  in  the  relationships  between  affectionate  touch  and  well-being.  To investigate  these  associations,  1606  participants  were  recruited  to  complete  an  online  survey, wherein they reported on their attachment style and use of affectionate touch with their romantic
partner.   Multi-level   modelling and   regression   were used   for   data   analysis,   with   context (public/private)   and   relationship   type   (mixed/same-sex/gender-diverse)   serving   as   further moderators.
As  predicted,  attachment  avoidance  was  significantly  associated  with  lesser  desire, comfort, and frequency of touch, with context and relationship types serving as moderators in some analyses. Furthermore,  frequency of affectionate touch was positively associated with relational well-being and was moderated by attachment avoidance, but was not significantly associated with physical  or  psychological  well-being.
Interestingly,  relationship  type  did  not  interact  with attachment  avoidance,  which  suggests  that  the  role  of  attachment  avoidance  does  not  differ between relationships.


title: More than juicy gossip: the Grand Pre Women's Institute

contributor:
Akerman, Katherine (author)
(Poulter, Gillian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2008

abstract:
This thesis examines the Grand Pre and North Grand Pre Women's Institutes, an organization originally founded in Ontario in 1897 to help provide education for rural women. Scholarship on Women's Institutes has
largely neglected a close examination of individual branches, instead focusing on broader topics such as popularity of the organization provincially and nationally.
Since this is an archival thesis, archival material has been used in order to gain a better understanding of how the Women's Institutes operated at the local level. In this case minute, the material was minute books from the Grand Pre Women's Institutes. These minute books have been organized, preserved and archived for the Esther Clark Archives at Acadia University, and a finding aid, identical to the one used by the Archives
has been included as Appendix 1.
The minute books have been the main primary source used for the actual thesis. Ranging in date from 1913 to 1999, the books provide important information on the monthly meeting of the Institute, such as projects
the organization undertook, and causes and campaigns the organization contributed to. These reveal that the Grand Pre Institutes were able to contribute to local, provincial and national initiatives, while providing
membership the opportunity to improve their education and personal development, build lasting friendships, and contribute to a variety of charities, campaigns, and causes throughout the eighty-six years the Institute
has been in operation.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Edward Ross: diarist

contributor:
Hiltz, Darcy (author)
(Moody, Barry) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1999

abstract:
Diary writing may be approached for what it reveals about the diarist and his or her diary. The diaries of Edward Ross for the period 1835-1841  reveal the life of a young man who held many responsibilities.  The obligations that Ross acquired as  Justice of the Peace, militia officer, merchant, lay minister and farmer in the community of Sherbrooke, Nova Scotia, helped to establish Ross as  a leader within his community.  As a Justice of the Peace and as  a merchant Ross was ·sought by residents to resolve disputes, write deeds or to  maintain records of mill operations;  In addition, Ross traveled frequently as  such occupations demanded which meant that Ross was in the position to obtain valuable knowledge about the outside world, through personal observations and discussions with others. This information he could share with and dispense to  the residents of Sherbrooke, many of whom may not have had the opportunity to travel.
Ross' diaries are diverse in style and motive which makes it difficult to place Ross in any particular category of diary writing.  Like other diarists, his motives and styles shift depending on the environment and circumstances in which he was immersed.  Primarily a task-focused diarist, particularly with regard to agricultural, Ross also maintained his diaries to sort out his dilemmas, confess his shortcomings and seek out ways he might improve himself. In this regard he was not unlike many other diarists.
Censorship was also a concern for Ross and his diaries reveal that he employed his own unique style of censoring. With regard to personal matters, some of which he wanted kept secret, he sometimes employed his knowledge of literature to  express such desires.  Only through the investigation of his diaries was such rich material discovered.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Shame and forgiveness: spiritual concepts needed to be carefully Considered in a ministry’s response to early life Trauma

contributor: (Coffin, Christopher F.) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract:
An extensive review of secular ideas about shame, trauma, and forgiveness was conducted. It was found that there was an element absent from these philosophies.  As shame and forgiveness are understood as spiritual concepts, a richer understanding would require a thorough study of theological and biblical viewpoints. Shame has been a part of every human’s life since the Fall of Humankind. The role of shame in the effects of trauma is of interest in this paper.
Research shows that early trauma compounded with poor coping skills creates a “perfect storm” for shame to grow and control a person’s emotions. The effects, through their lives, are evident in loss of emotional control and trust.
A church or other Christian organization, wanting to have an effective ministry to the wounded needs training in trauma-informed practices in order to do no harm when dealing with those in their care.
A training tool was designed to show training participants how to be more effective when walking alongside these wounded people. Care and hospitality are proven to be key factors in effective ministry. Building an accepting relationship allows the participants to start a safe conversation and begin a fulfilling ministry.

abstract: Acadia Divinity College


title: Screening fatty acid profiles of fungal and oomycete strains, and optimizing growth conditions of pythium oopapillum for EPA and ARA production

contributor:
Weder, Natalie (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Walker, Allison) (Thesis advisor)
(Benjamin, Jeremy) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are polyunsaturated fatty acids with important health impacts, commonly obtained from fish oil and other animal products. Oils of marine organisms occupying lower trophic levels are promising alternative sources of EPA, as they can be rich in omega-3 fatty acids and have the potential to be cultivated efficiently and sustainably.
While some oomycetes are reported to produce EPA and ARA, many species such as Pythium oopapillum have not been investigated for their fatty acid production. There is also a lack of research on lipid production by marine fungi. In this study, the fatty acid profiles of ten Pythium and Phytophthora oomycete strains collected in Nova Scotia and Italy were screened, along with those of 104 marine fungal and oomycete strains collected in Japan, Italy, and Costa Rica. Strains were grown for 7 days at 20-25°C, 200 rpm before biomass was harvested and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analysis was conducted using gas-liquid chromatography. Of the 104 novel marine fungal and oomycete strains screened, only one oomycete (Phytophthora inundata) produced EPA, while some strains produced ARA in small quantities. P. oopapillum proved the most promising oomycete strain, and growth conditions were optimized to increase its EPA yield. A Plackett-Burman design was used to test the effects of ten media ingredients. Yeast extract had a significantly positive effect on the strain’s EPA yield, while a high initial glucose level had a negative effect. Temperature had the largest impact on EPA yield; P. oopapillum produced the highest yield (134.63mg/L) grown for 4 days at 25°C followed by 3 days at 15°C. This temperature shift likely balanced biomass growth rate and unsaturated fatty acid production. Removal of MgSO4 • 7H2O increased P. oopapillum’s EPA yield from 92 to 106 mg/L when grown at 25°C for 7 days, due to an increase in total fatty acid content. Further optimization of growth conditions is needed to determine whether this oomycete is suitable for commercial fatty acid production; factors such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and media  supplementation with other ingredients should be investigated.


title: The impact of humans and nonhumans on the biological conservation of the North Atlantic right whale (NARW) along the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada and the Gulf of Maine

contributor:
McCarthy, Olivia (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Biro, Andrew) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Politics

abstract:
This thesis investigates biodiversity that includes ecosystems and nonhuman species that preserve one another. Assessment of the biodiversity of marine areas in Canada and the United States
(U.S.) report major impacts on economic, social, and political success (Office of the Auditor General Canada 2012). The application of bio conservation theory allows for a collective analysis of the severe decrease in biodiversity that affects human and nonhuman populations (Takacs 2020, 43). The objective of this thesis is to examine the concepts of conservation and sustainability included
in the biopolitical struggle of the North Atlantic Right Whale (NARW) (Eubalanena glacialis). Conservation efforts further relate to the current debate about the role of science in policy that includes biophysical and sociocultural variables. The concept of nature is also relevant to contemporary interactions and representations of the NARW that include the development of media technologies, scientific institutions, or transnational activist networks (Blok 2007, 75). This thesis thus questions how the preservation of the NARW is impacted by human and nonhuman tensions that are represented by political and scientific bodies and tools that monitor the whales along the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada and the Gulf of Maine. The conservation of both at-risk species and their habitats in these gulf waterways has been identified as a crucial factor for conservation biodiversity. The severe decrease in the NARW population is due to entanglements, vessel strikes, and
diminished access to food sources, and each of these necessitates government action and investigation by scientific bodies. The depletion of the NARW population establishes concern for scientific bodies, government, and legal action to address issues of bioconservation that includes entanglements and ship-strikes. This thesis argues that the success of conservation policies involves
cultural, economic, institutional, and social features of human societies..


title: Population dynamics of root-feeding Grape Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) emergence in relation to gall presence, temperature, and vine phenology

contributor:
Rand, Emma (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Hillier, Kirk) (Thesis advisor)
(Moreau, Debra) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, are one of the most economically important insect pests of commercial grapevines. Since discovery of their damage to grapes in the 1860s, many methods to manage this species have been attempted. The most successful management method for D. vitifoliae has been the use of resistant rootstocks. Unfortunately, as new, more virulent D. vitifoliae biotypes emerge, these rootstocks are becoming more susceptible. Chemical management options for D. vitifoliae are limited and are most effective when applied to D. vitifoliae at the crawler stage. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the seasonal dynamics of soil emerging D. vitifoliae populations; (2) relate soil emerging D. vitifoliae population dynamics to leaf gall
presence; and (3) relate air and soil temperatures and vine phenology to observed D. vitifoliae populations. The overall goal of these objectives was to determine the most effective time for application of management practices. Traps placed within a block of Marquette grapes were used to collect emerging D. vitifoliae over the 2020 growing season and determine their seasonal population dynamics. These populations were correlated with gall presence, temperature, and vine phenology. Daktulosphaira vitifoliae was determined to have a bimodal seasonal distribution that was significantly correlated with temperature and vine phenology. Gall presence was not significantly related to D. vitifoliae emergence but did reveal that D. vitifoliae populations move throughout the vineyard primarily due to prevailing wind patterns. The most effective time to manage crawlers was determined to be when grapevine phenology stages are around rapid shoot and inflorescence development, and berry development, in combination with soil temperatures ranging from 21-25°C.


title: Exploring the use of face video to measure mental health

contributor:
Muir, Denya (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Leslie, Kenneth) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
Covid-19 frontline workers are at risk for depression, moral injury, and suicide. People who need help are often reluctant to seek help, and so a mechanism for detecting emotional distress from face video could be part of a more comprehensive plan to detect and treat mental distress in frontline workers. Here we explore the potential application of face video analysis to detect depression CESD-R), attachment style (ECR-RS), mood (POMS-SF), and empathy (EQ) in an undergraduate student population. Face video was collected remotely using iMotions software. Facial expressions
and Eye Blink Rate (EBR) were measured using the AFFDEX automated facial affect coding algorithm and an R script. Facial responses were measured while watching a video, speaking a narrative, and performing a range of face imitation tasks. The face imitation tasks consisted of making emotional faces on command (COMMAND), imitating videos of facial expressions from one of four models (IMITATE), and making the opposite expression (OPPOSITE). These tasks were repeated in two conditions: a POSITIVE VALENCE condition, featuring a positive video and narratives in
response to questions about YouTube, and a NEGATIVE VALENCE condition, featuring a Covid-19 news video and narratives in response to questions about Covid-19. For the preliminary analysis, we looked at expression of joy vs. fear across all conditions, as well as EBR. There were more expressions, p = .016, and micro expressions, p = .038, of joy during the positive videos. In all of the motor tasks, AFFDEX was much stronger at detecting expressions of joy, p< .001. EBR was lower during the surveys than during both narratives and the negative video, p < .001.


title: Should you always believe in what you hear?: an analysis of modality fusion brought on by the McGurk effect using online testing

contributor:
Guest, Noah (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Lametti, Daniel) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
The McGurk effect is a perceptual illusion that binds incoming audio-visual information causing the perception of a novel speech sound. A related effect known as Visual Capture occurs when visual stimuli override auditory stimuli, inducing the perception of a speech sound that is congruent with visual stimuli. These effects can be studied to facilitate the understanding of the fusion of sensory modalities within the brain (i.e., multisensory integration). In the current study, the McGurk effect and Visual Capture were tested using an online audio-visual speech perception paradigm developed using Gorilla.sc. Susceptibility to the McGurk effect was compared to susceptibility to Visual Capture in a sample of 47 participants through the examination of perceptual decisions and reaction times. It was hypothesized that the McGurk effect would be observed using this novel online paradigm, and that the effect would require more cognitive resources (measured via longer reaction times) than both Visual Capture and control processing. Results showed significant McGurk and Visual Capture effects, with participants being split into McGurk and NonMcGurk Responders based on illusory susceptibility. For congruent speech stimuli, McGurk Responders reacted significantly faster than NonMcGurk Responders when visual information was present, and significantly slower
when lacking visual information. The results suggest that an online platform can be used to examine multisensory processing and susceptibility to the McGurk effect seems to reflect greater responsiveness to visual information during speech.


title: Estimating the underreporting of COVID-19 cases using fatality data

contributor:
Hopkins, Margaret (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Teismann, Holger) (Thesis advisor)
(Mendivil, Franklin) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics

abstract: This thesis presents research completed in collaboration with the Acadia COVID-19 Modelling Group during the spring and summer of 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic began.  In particular, it focuses on the lack of reliable COVID-19 case incidence data due to variation in testing and reporting policies as well as resources available across different regions.  We introduce a phenomenological GLM model that uses death data and estimates of the infection fatality ratio (IFR) to produce estimates for the true number of COVID-19 cases in various regions.   We then compare estimates from this model with model estimates from  another study [11] as well as serological data from various regions.  We also discuss a compartmental model, based on the SIR model and modified to fit the specifications of COVID-19.  We use the final size relation for this model to improve regional estimates of the IFR and,  which could be used to improve the estimates from our GLM model.


title: Quantifying mercury, arsenic, and selenium in six coastal fish species in Labrador, Canada

contributor:
Perera, Dithara (author)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
(Pomerleau, Rachel) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract:
Contaminants in Indigenous food supplies in Labrador were quantified. Fish including Striped bass, Herring, Cod, Capelin, and Mackerel were collected by local anglers and commercial fisheries
from coastal areas in Labrador. Small fishes such as Capelin and Herring were frozen as whole fish whereas only parts of other fish were provided. All dry weights of harvested tissues (muscle) and
organs (liver and gonads) were converted to wet weight. Tissues and organs were processed by taking an interior piece and storing each in separate glass vials. Samples were freeze dried and
ground into fine powder using a mortar and pestle prior to contaminant analysis of total mercury (THg) and other trace metals such as total selenium (TSe) and total arsenic (TAs). A total of 92
samples were analysed from 49 fish. There were clear signs of THg bioaccumulation in predatory fishes (Cod, Striped bass, and Atlantic salmon) compared to forage fishes (Capelin, Herring). Striped bass liver had a mean THg concentration of 0.418 ± 0.178 mg· kg-1ww. TAs concentration was high for Cod muscle (3.44 ± 2.49 mg· kg-1ww) as Cod are benthic feeders making them more susceptible to contaminant exposure. Higher levels of TSe were found in liver and gonad tissues. These preliminary findings will help inform future sampling efforts and analyses. More tissues samples would increase confidence levels in mean concentrations and allow more accurate relationships to be found between contaminants and biomagnification.

abstract: Biology


title: Becoming "emperors" two extraordinary emperors from the classical Roman world versus the non-classical Chinese world: a comparison of Augustus and Qin Shi Huang, the first emperors of their own empire/dynasty

contributor:
Liu, E lida Jiayin (author)
(Hewitt, Sonia) (Thesis advisor)
(Sedgwick, James) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: There is evidence to prove the interconnection between the Western Roman worlds and the Eastern Qin Dynasty of the Chinese worlds two thousand years ago. This thesis aims to compare Augustus, the first emperor of the Roman Empire with Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of imperial China. Obviously, they share similar characteristics of being extraordinary military victors and political leaders and being the icon of people for thousands of years. Conversely, due to the fundamental difference in cultural background and human nature, the fact that their different perceptions of religion and the different legalism of their own empire (dynasty) caused different results for both emperors. Analyzing the primary resources Res Gestae Divi Augusti and Shi Ji (Records of the Grand Historian) provides an opportunity to compare these two great emperors’ lives. Bringing together the evidence from different civilizations has brought cultural integration and proved the two emperors with universal characteristics. The goal of this thesis is to examine both emperors together, through their achievements and influences to have a better understanding of these two extraordinary emperors.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Burnout moderators within the context of nursing

contributor:
Piers, Tammy (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Leiter, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
(Price, Lisa) (Thesis advisor)

rights: The author retains copyright in this thesis. Any substantial copying or any other actions that exceed fair dealing or other exceptions in the Copyright Act require the permission of the author.

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
Nursing, representing the largest occupational group in a hospital setting, is consistently associated with high rates of
workplace burnout. In an effort to discover dynamic resources that can moderate relationships with workplace burnout, the present study examines the relationships between workplace demands (workload, coworker incivility, and supervisor incivility), burnout (exhaustion and cynicism), proposed moderators (community and resilience), and intention to quit based on a survey of nurses (N= 386) conducted by the Center for Organizational Research and Development (COR&D) at Acadia University. Results indicate that the relationships between workload and coworker incivility and intention to quit were fully mediated via burnout, and the relationship between supervisor incivility and intention to quit was partially mediated via burnout. Findings also demonstrated that supervisor incivility has significantly larger associations with burnout and intention to quit when compared to the associations that coworker incivility has with burnout and intention to quit. Although there was no evidence of moderation with the addition of community and resilience as proposed moderators,
findings demonstrated that community and resilience were often predictive of a decrease in burnout and intention to quit. In an effort to help inform the future development of meaningful intervention aimed at workplace burnout prevention,
research should continue to focus on the discovery of variables that can protect individuals from workplace burnout,
including those in the current study, as well as further investigate the negative outcomes associated with supervisor incivility.


title: Examination of a novel neuromuscular training intervention on clinical risk factors for sport related concussion in female athletes

contributor:
Thompson, Brooke (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Lattimer, Lauren) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Kinesiology

abstract:
Introduction: Sport related concussions are a concerning health issue due to the associated acute and chronic symptoms that they cause. Current literature suggests that female athletes present a greater risk of concussion due to various anatomical and biomechanical differences compared to men. Neck musculature strength and neuromuscular control have been identified as possible factors in preventing concussions by reducing head and neck acceleration. Isometric and isotonic neck strengthening interventions have shown to be effective in improving isometric neck strength. However, there is a lack of research identifying the effectiveness of dynamic multiplanar cervical neuromuscular training on static and dynamic neck strength. Due to the dynamic nature of sport, it is important to train the neck to respond to the unpredictable environment to reduce the biomechanical forces that result in concussion. The purpose of the current study is to determine whether a 7-
week novel dynamic neuromuscular training intervention improves concussion risk factors.
Methods: Seventeen female varsity athletes participated in the current study. All athletes performed the baseline concussion testing, including assessments in anthropometrics, cognition, isometric and dynamic strength, cervical range of motion, posture, balance, proprioception and vestibular-ocular function. Eight participants were then randomly selected to perform a 7-week dynamic neuromuscular training program for the cervical musculature. The intervention involved two dynamic training regimens: Dynamic Neck Force (DNF) using TopSpin360 and the Multiplanar Neck Strengthening using Iron Neck. Following the 7-week training period, all seventeen participants then completed post-testing which was identical to the aforementioned baseline testing.
Results:  The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in several factors related to concussion risk. Specifically, following 7-weeks of training, neck-girth increased by 3.3%, flexion-
extension strength ratio increased by 26.1% and cervical flexor endurance increased by 65.7% within the intervention group. Further, isometric rotational strength improved significantly in left lateral flexion, and left and right flexion with rotation. Dynamic strength, measured by rate of force development improved by 275% in clockwise direction and 322% in CCW. Postural control was also shown to improve, as sway velocity decreased in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions for COBALT condition 1 and condition 6. Inversely, the control group did not experience any significant improvements in any of the concussion risk factors.
Discussion:  The findings of the current study suggest that the intervention was effective in improving various factors related to concussion risk. Results obtained suggest that neuromuscular training of the cervical spine may be effective in improving the stability and function of the cervical spine. Prior research suggests that improved size, strength, endurance symmetry and postural control, improve an athlete’s ability to stabilize the head. This improved stability may cause athletes to have reduced motion of the head following a concussive load, consequently reducing concussion risk.
Importance: Interventions used in the current study can be implemented into the athletic training programs as methods to improve cervical neuromuscular function, with hopes of reducing the
biomechanical forces that often result in concussion.


title: Crime, sorrow and injustice: the highway of tears in northern British Columbia

contributor:
Hartman, Lara (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Alexander, Cynthia) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Politics

abstract:
In my thesis I explore the persistent inaction present in Canada when it comes to addressing the genocide of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls and Two-Spirit Peoples. In this work
I  focus  on  the  need  for  strategic  action,  rather  than  further  reports,  studies  and  apologies  from governments during this supposed time of reconciliation. Governmental inaction to advance the recommendations of the MMIWG2S+ Final Report means that: justice is not served to the victims, their families and their communities; violence against Indigenous women and girls and Two Spirit peoples is perpetuated; the trauma initiated by colonialism against Indigenous nations persists. I demonstrate how Canada’s colonial history as well as the systemic violence taking place  have
contributed to  Canadian governments’ reluctant and slow policy  response  to  violence  against MMIWG2S+ that occurs across Canada from coast to coast to coast.
Importantly,  my  thesis  reflects  my  own  journey  of  resisting  the  dominant  Eurocentric intellectual and policy frameworks that persist in the 21st Century. As a young Indigenous woman who grew up in Fraser Lake, British Columbia, along the infamous Highway of Tears, this thesis allowed me to decolonize and reconcile my own ways of thinking, researching and writing. My analysis  is  informed  by information  and  insight  from  the  231  Calls  to  Justice  from  the MMIWG2S+   Final   Report,   knowledge   from   Indigenous   scholars,   activists,   and   my   own experience as a young Carrier woman from Nak’azdli Whut’en First Nation in British Columbia. Most importantly, I was motivated by the stories of the victims and their families whose realities with systemic discrimination, racism, and state-based violence have been reduced to statistics that are  often  filed  and  then  forgotten  by  public  officials.  Each  of  these  individuals  had a  family, friends, a community, a story, and a life ahead of them, but that was silenced.


title: The missing link: a case study of transport inequality in Canada and the Confederation Bridge toll's on islanders

contributor:
Bergin, Ailish (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Alexander, Cynthia) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Politics

abstract:
The Confederation Bridge is the only fixed connection between the province of Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) and the rest of Canada. The bridge, which was built to fulfill a constitutional promise of a fixed connection between P.E.I.and mainland Canada, is privately owned by Strait Crossing Bridge Limited (SCBL). The bridge charges a one-way toll of $48.50, which is paid only when leaving the Island. This toll acts as a fiscal boundary that many low-income Island residents cannot afford to overcome, leaving a large percentage of the population without a reliable route to the mainland. In this thesis, I examine how the toll on the Confederation Bridge impacts Islanders’ lives and influences P.E.I.residents’ abilities to access necessary services and essential resources on the mainland. By applying John Rawls’ Theory of Justice, in association with a Capabilities Approach, as adapted by Randal et al.in relation to transportation policy, I demonstrate that the toll on the Confederation
Bridge contributes to a form of transportation poverty and social inequality. Through Randal et al.’s adaptation of this theoretical framework, and their use of Social Conversion Factors, I examine the role of public-private partnerships, how they influence infrastructure inequality, and how they reinforce the economic, social, and physical exclusion of low-income citizens. These forms of transportation inequality limit the agency of Islanders and influences the overall wellbeing of Island residents. I draw from a series of interviews I undertook with local politicians and stakeholders in 2020, a qualitative data analysis, and a review of relevant literature to reveal how the toll on the Confederation Bridge hinders Islanders from travelling to and from mainland Canada and accessing
the same opportunities and services mainland Canadians. Through an analysis of the economic and social impacts, I establish the clear connection between the bridge toll and the disconnectedness that many Islanders express towards the rest of Canada.


title: Preliminary results of face down head down tilt simulated microgravity testing on cognition, cerebral oxygenation, and facial puffing

contributor:
Clifford, Kortland (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Murphy, René) (Thesis advisor)
(Mekary, Saïd) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Kinesiology

abstract:
In the existing  research,  the  impact  of  simulated  microgravity  on the  cardiovascular system  responses  is  very  conclusive,  with  almost  all  research  indicating  a  noticeable  decline  in
functionality from baseline. However, there has been very little research on the impact that this same environment might have on cognition and executive function; with the limited research that has  been  conducted  proving  inconclusive  whether  there  is  no  change  or  a  possible  small improvement  in  performance. It  is  known  that  when  exposed  to  microgravity  there  is  a  fluid
redistribution towards the cephalad (i.e. cranial) region, which in turn could possibly increase the blood  volume  being carried to  this  area  of  the  brain. Traditionally,  the  protocol  for  the head
down face up (HDFU) bed rest model places the participant supine (positioned at a -60tilt) on a flat surface with their hands to their side. The present thesis literature review looks to determine
the  current  research  that  has  taken  place  in  this  field, by  examining the  following  areas; microgravity,   fluid   dynamics   in   the   body,   head-down   face-up   bed   rest   model,   cerebral
oxygenation, cognition  and  executive  functioning,  and  cognition  and  executive  functioning  in microgravity. Although the   HDFU   model   is   known   to   be effective   in   mimicking   acute
microgravity for  cardiovascular  responses  the next  chapter,  formatted  as  a  journal  article,  looks to  provide  preliminary  data  on  what  the  impact  of  rotating  the  participant  to  a  head  down  face down  (HDFD)  position  could  have  of  the  following  physiological  changes: blood  pressure  and heart  rate,  urinespecific  gravity  and  pH,  prefrontal  cerebral  oxygenation,  facial  puffing,  and cognition assessed using a computerized Stroop task.


title: I am nothing without us: relationship contingent self-esteem as a predictor of well-being and reactions to disapproval

contributor:
Miller, Abbey (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Holmberg, Diane) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
Ample research has found romantic relationship disapproval to be associated with poorer relational well-being. However, much less research has included personal (i.e., mental and physical) well-being variables in disapproval analyses, examined whether any factors (e.g., individual differences, relationship demographics) moderate well-being associations, or analyzed the reactions that
transpire when people are faced with relational disapproval. To examine these issues, 545 participants completeda comprehensive online survey asking about individuals’ level of relationship contingent self-esteem (RCSE, i.e., an individual difference in which people’s self-worth depends on the state of their romantic relationship) and perceived strength of SNM (i.e., social network member, e.g., friend versus family) disapproval. These variables served as key moderators in a regression model. Relationship type (e.g., same-sex, mixed-sex) and SNM type (i.e., if relationship
is disapproved of by a family member or friend) were also included in the model, on an exploratory basis. Higher relationship disapproval was associated with poorer well-being. In response to disapproval, higher disapproval predicted a lesser likelihood of trying to change the SNM’s mind and a greater likelihood of distancing both from individuals’ partner and the SNM. Level of RCSE significantly predicted better relational well-being, poorer mental well-being, and a greater likelihood of disregarding (i.e., not doing anything about) and discounting (i.e., ignoring) the SNM’s pinion.
Contrary to hypotheses, RCSE did not moderate relational disapproval in any well-being analysis. Both disapproval and RCSE interacted with exploratory variables i.e., SNM type and relationship type in several analyses. Potential explanations for the results and future research directions are discussed.


title: Disability, impairment and quality of life post cardiac event: the role of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation

contributor:
French, Lindsay (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Shields, Chris) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Psychology

abstract:
Heart disease and stroke represent the 2nd and 3rd leading cause of death in Nova Scotia; however, survival rates in these clinical populations are high and continuing to improve. The purpose of this study is to examine the following three research questions: Are there relationships between a cardiac patient’s level of mild cognitive impairment versus their perceived level of disability? Does participation in an exercise and education-based CR program change a patient’s cognitive abilities as well as their perceptions of disability? And finally, does the level of mild cognitive impairment
and perceived level of disability predict cardiac patient QOL? Patients attending the Extended Warranty II Cardiac Rehabilitation Program completed four questionnaires measuring cognitive functioning, disability, self-efficacy (SE), and QOL at the start and end of the program. Results showed no relationship between overall perceived level of disability and functional capacity or cognitive impairment, although select aspects within those constructs were related to specific aspects of disability. There was no significant difference in cognitive impairment and perceptions of disability from T1 and T2 of the program. Lastly, impairment status (cognitive functioning) and perceived level of disability at baseline, predicted QOL post CR, with cognitive functioning as the strongest predictor ((b= 0.93, R2 = 0.86). The results of this study will highlight the effects of an exercise-based CR program on QOL, disability perceptions, cognitive impairment and SE. Knowing the effects may inform CR practices to improve the clinical understanding of cardiac event survivors with the goal of achieving a better QOL for these patients while reducing hospital readmits.


title: Atlantic Striped bass Morone saxatilis and Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod otolith and body dimension relationships

contributor:
Vandertoorn, Kyle (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
(Yang, Zhe) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Ageing fish is a key tool used in fisheries conservation and management. The research presented aims to assess otolith and body dimension relationships in Atlantic Striped bass Morone saxatilis
and Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod and to explore whether otolith size can be used to estimate fish age. Otoliths are small stone-like structures made of calcium carbonate and other constituents located within the inner ear of fish. They form an organ that helps with spatial orientation. Otoliths accumulate chemicals laid down in growth rings which store information such as environment and are used to estimate fish age. Atlantic tomcod and Striped bass were processed, and otoliths were extracted, rinsed, and placed in separate vials, desiccated and weighed. Otoliths were photographed using a digital SLR with a macro lens, or a dissecting stereo microscope with a digital camera. Each otolith image was analyzed using Fiji software to measure length, width, and area. Otolith dimensions were related to fish dimensions including fish total length and weight. Otolith area was found to relate well to otolith length and width for both species. Otolith area related well to otolith weight and fish length for Striped bass, but otolith area was not as well related to fish weight for Striped bass or fish length and weight for Atlantic tomcod. This study provides
relationships of otolith size and fish size leading to a potential useful way to estimate fish age without undertaking otolith ageing.


title: On the Grundy numbers of oriented graphs

contributor:
Godon, Benjamin (author)
(Hooper, Jeff) (Thesis advisor)
(Clarke, Nancy) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract:
One simple way to assign labels or colours to the vertices of a graph is by using a process known as the greedy colouring algorithm.  The maximum number of colours this process uses over all possible orderings of the vertices is known as the Grundy number of that graph.  This process has been well studied for undirected graphs, but less  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  Grundy  number  of  oriented  graphs  which  was introduced in [2].
We contribute to the theory of Grundy oriented colouring, and provide results on the Grundy oriented numbers (under the two nontrivial definitions given in [2]).  In particular,  new bounds for various graph classes are given,  including paths,  cycles, stars, windmills, and wheels.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Within-colony predation of Leach's Storm-petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous)

contributor:
Hoeg, Rielle (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Shutler, Dave) (Thesis advisor)
(Pollet, Ingrid) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Predation at breeding colony islands threatens half of all seabird species.  Although islands provide some refuge from predators, their remote nature may foster high population densities and fluctuating food availability for rodents, possibly leading to deviations from herbivory to meet energy demands. Leach’s Storm-petrel Hydrobates leucorhous (LHSP) populations are declining for reasons that are likely multicausal, and perhaps local or regional, but relative contributions of individual causes are poorly understood. To help understand causes, I used transect surveys for LHSP remains to quantify predation at two NovaScotian LHSP breeding colonies that differ in predator management: Bon Portage (BP) Island (no management), and Country Island (CI; management used). Predation of LHSP eggs and nestlings on each island and adult predation on CI
were scarcely detected.  However, I estimated 4000 adult-plumaged LHSP were depredated on BP annually.  We do not know how general these rates are because of differences among colonies in predator communities.  Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) have been suspected of depredating LHSP nests on CI.  I used stable isotope analysis of vole faeces and fur, vegetation, and LHSP tissues from each island to examine whether vole diet deviated from herbivory.  Stable isotope values in vole fur and faeces may indicate omnivory, especially on CI; however, high δ15N values may also be reflective of the influence of guano on vegetation and invertebrates in vole diets.  Sampling of more food sources and mainland controls are needed to get a better picture of vole diets and determine whether they are consuming LHSP eggs or nestlings.
LHSP are listed as “Vulnerable” globally, and although up to a 5% annual loss of adults and occasional nest depredation by voles may be sustainable for a healthy population, such losses may exacerbate population declines if other factors are additive.


title: Island selection and nest site partitioning by common, Arctic, and Roseate Terns in the Northwest Atlantic

contributor:
Knutson, Nicholas (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Mallory, Mark) (Thesis advisor)
(Craik, Shawn) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Patterns of habitat use do not necessarily reveal optimal choice, so habitat selection studies should relate habitat use to reproductive success to reveal processes critical to the evolution of habitat choice behaviour.
In Lobster Bay, Nova Scotia, I conducted a study of habitat use and selection by Common Terns (Sterna hirundo), Arctic Terns (S. paradisaea), and Roseate Terns (S. dougallii) at two spatial scales: 1) island-level selection, and 2) nest-site selection. For four years and across 97 similar islands, the absence of trees was the most important factor predicting island use by terns and used islands were also generally less elevated than those not used. I studied the amount of lateral cover, the number of different sized rocks, and the amount of inter and intraspecific nest density from 292 nests in a colony of Common, Arctic, and Roseate Terns. I examined whether the species partitioned habitat at a fine spatial scale and I compared these characteristics between used sites and available sites and between successful and unsuccessful nests for each species.
My results indicated that all three species partitioned habitat based on physical characteristics like lateral cover and large rocks and biological features (nearby density of nesting terns). I found that high lateral cover was an important feature for nest site selection of both Common Terns and Roseate Terns. Common Terns had higher nest success with greater interspecific nest density (i.e. density of Roseate and Arctic tern nests)
within 2 m, possibly via reduced predation pressure by gulls (Larus spp.) in areas with dense tern nesting. A similar trend was observed for Roseate and Arctic terns, although it was much less pronounced than in Common Terns. Overall, my results suggest that mixed species colonies of terns can provide fitness advantages to each species, and that Common, Arctic, and Roseate Terns nesting in the Northwest Atlantic have evolved habitat preferences that serve to reduce competition in dense colonies.


title: Field evaluation and baseline data mapping of a rapid assessment technique for coastal plastic debris: with application to remote regions and citizen science

contributor:
Brown, Zoe (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Mallory, Mark) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Accumulation of plastic debris is a worldwide environmental issue, which has gained broad scientific and public attention in the past decade. The marine environment is not exempt from the threat of plastic, with 10% of global plastic waste produced entering the marine environment every year, negatively impacting marine wildlife. While much work has been conducted to quantify plastics in the marine environment, and establish rates of accumulation for modelling efforts, many of these approaches are site-specific and not amenable to rapid surveys. This study is part of an overarching project investigating plastic on Nova Scotia beaches and aimed to: 1) developa “rapid beach assessment technique”, using cell phone photos, with possible applications in citizen science and remote regions, and 2) quantify concentrations of anthropogenic debris along the high tide strandline of beaches in Nova Scotia. Our data suggest that the concentrations of plastic on Nova Scotia beaches are relatively low with little interannual variation, and that densities along the high tide line are lower than the storm line farther backshore on beaches. Interobserver variation was also tested to determine the viability of this rapid assessment approach and we found that that there are some small, but notable, differences in density observations made between observers. However, because of the minimal interobserver variation, the rapid assessment technique appears viable for citizen science applications. A power
analysis to determine the appropriate number of quadrats, as well as repeated surveying of sites are recommended to understand and reduce variation in this study.


title: Putative stress biomarkers in Leach's Storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) during the breeding season

contributor:
Tonner, Sydney (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Easy, Russell) (Thesis advisor)
(Shutler, Dave) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Organisms face stresses from all stimuli in their environment and when there is an inadequate response to adapt to environmental stressors it can reduce an individual’s fitness. Protein biomarkers can be good
indicators of stress in vertebrates, including birds. I first review limitations to using glucocorticoids and corticosterone (CORT) as exclusive biomarkers for environmental stress, encouraging the exploration of alternative indicators, such as heat shock proteins and oxidative stress enzymes.  I tested for stress responses in Leach’s Storm-petrels, Oceanodroma leucorhoa (hereafter LHSP), on Bon Portage Island (43q 28’N, 65q44’W)
during the breeding season. Blood samples were collected from the brachial vein of 10 adults and 12 nestlings LHSP.  I used SDS-PAGE to separate proteins in blood samples collected from LHSPs. Protein profiles were visualized using a ChemiDoc MP Imaging System and individual protein bands were putatively identified and compared against a ladder of known molecular weight.  To identify proteins found in multiple individuals and those that were unique, four protein bands with molecular weights of 50, 60, 70, and 150 kDa were excised and sent for mass spectrometry.  The mass spectrometry data will confirm if these bands are heat shock proteins or other metabolites, such as superoxide dismutase, and possible protein biomarkers.  These data will contribute to our growing understanding of the stress response in birds and may assist in finding biomarkers of environmental stress in other avian models.


title: Why does precarious work matter?: the implications of precarious work on job and life satisfaction in Canada

contributor:
Bradley, Remy (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Casey, Rebecca) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Sociology

abstract:
The goal of this study is to understand how precarious work relates to job and life satisfaction. Additionally, this research aims to describe who is most likely to experience aspects of precarious work based on their socio-demographic characteristics and what attributes of precarious work can be found in five main industries. To answer these questions, I used the 2016 Canadian General Social Survey (cycle 30). I analyzed the
dataset in SPSS and STATA. I analyse descriptive data using crosstabulations and comparing means. For the multivariate analysis I use both logistic regression analysis and ordinary least squares regression analysis. The findings from the research show that as the number of indicators for precarious work increases for men and women, those who work in precarious jobs are significantly more likely to report lower job satisfaction than those who do not work in precarious jobs. Finally, for each additional precarious work indicator, men report a decrease in their life satisfaction, but the relationship between precarious work and life satisfaction is not significant for women. Furthermore, women, younger people, those who identify as a visible minority, those who are Indigenous, those who are recent immigrants, and those with lower levels of education are significantly more likely to experience aspects of precarious work. Also, aspects of precarious work are most likely to be found in the accommodation and food services and retail trade industries. Overall, this research explores precarious work in Canada and how it relates to job and life satisfaction.


title: “First and foremost for our adolescents”: community radio programming for teenage pregnancy prevention in Ada, Ghana

contributor:
McLeod, Sarah (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Rudrum, Sarah) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Sociology

abstract:
This thesis explores whether a community radio station in Ghana, called Radio Ada, represents the experiences of teenage mothers in their programing. Through participatory programming methods, social determinants of teenage pregnancy can be identified. One social factor leading to teenage pregnancy is exploitation around access to work at the Songor lagoon, which Radio Ada is a partner in advocating against.
I collected data in interviews and a focus group with teenage mothers in Ada, interviews with Radio Ada staff, and observed planning for an adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights radio series. I evaluate
radio programming on a continuum of stereotypical to empowering (Gupta 2000). The findings demonstrate a paradox: there is capacity for Radio Ada to disrupt harmful gender and sexuality norms yet there is a disconnect between programming and the experiences of teenage mothers to whom I spoke. The methodological and theoretical frameworks are women’s standpoint and postcolonial feminism.


title: Understanding youth homelessness: a study of rural Nova Scotia homelessness

contributor:
Slade, Lindsay (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Sweatman, Mary) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Community Development

abstract:
Youth make up 20 percent of the homeless population in Canada and are the fastest growing demographic among Canada’s homeless population (Gaetz O’Grady, Kidd, & Schwan, 2016). Much of the existing data on homelessness, however, emerges from urban centres, leaving rural homelessness less understood. This community-based participatory research study aims to better understand rural youth homelessness through
two methods, a service-based count in order to identify the rates of rural youth homelessness in three Nova Scotia municipalities, and focus groups to understand service provider perspectives of rural youth homelessness. This research identified 46 youth experiencing homelessness in the three municipalities and explores barriers for homeless youth when accessing support service in rural settings, barriers specific to LGBTQ2S+ and racially marginalized homeless youth, the impact of a lack of safe social spaces for rural homeless youth, and harmful community attitudes towards homeless youth.


title: Density functional theory theory simulations of silicon,S α-quartz, and moganite

contributor:
Cook, Tanden (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Robertson, Michael) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Physics

abstract: Using density functional theory (DFT) via the Quantum ESPRESSO software, simulations of FCC silicon, α-quartz, and moganite with the purpose of calculating ground state and optical properties were performed. For silicon and α-quartz, the electronic band structure, phonon dispersion curve, and dielectric function were calculated, and the results agreed with other DFT calculations and experimental data. For moganite, the electronic band structure was calculated, and the phonon dispersion curve calculation was attempted. The electronic band structure calculation for moganite was in agreement with other DFT calculations of the material and no experimental data was found in the literature. The phonon dispersion curve calculation turned out to be too computationally expensive for the desktop computer that ran it. Overall, our DFT calculations agreed well with those of other researchers and some limitations of the types of materials that can be simulated by DFT using a desktop computer were determined.