title: The Irish Question in Liberal Politics 1911-1914

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
This thesis explores the role of the Irish people as a dominant force testing and weakening the British Liberal Party in the years immediately preceeding the First World War. The period 1911-1914 is crucial in the development of Anglo-Irish relations, yet it has previously been almost entirely neglected. And though the decline of the Liberal Party has been the subject of considerable historical controversy, the part played by the Irish question has been largely overlooked.

My thesis provides a detailed, analytical study of the Liberal government's response to the Irish crisis from 1911-1914. The main emphasis is placed on the activities of the Liberal cabinet at the centre of power in Westminster, giving particular attention to the influential roles of Asquith, Birrell, Lloyd George and Churchill.

My sources have included cabinet and parliamentary papers, newspapers, Hansard, and relevant secondary material. The thesis is mainly based on about fifty collections of private papers of leading policiticans, back-benchers, and newspaper editors, including several not previously consulted by scholars.

Though the Liberals shelved Home Rule from 1895 until the passage of the Parliament Act in 1911, the party retained a genuine commitment to Irish self-government. During 1911, the cabinet aimlessly considered United Kingdom devolution as a way to settle the Irish question. The scheme was finally abandoned as too ambitious and impracticable, but it remained a convenient panacea which could be used at points of deadlock in 1913-1914, when conciliatory negotiations seemed tactically expedient. The cabinet turned instead to the Gladstonian Home Rule bill of 1893, largely by default, and this provided the somewhat inadequate basis for the 1912 bill.

The central theme of the thesis is the inability of Asquith's government to deal effectively with the Ulster problem. Asquith's failure was all the more tragic, since the years between the Parliament Act and the Easter Rebellion offered a unique opportunity to settle the Irish question. The Parliament Act at last made it a practical possibility, and its provisions allowed Asquith to incorporate special terms for Ulster into the bill during the first parliamentary circuit, without requiring Opposition agreement. But Asquith ignored the Ulster problem while the bill was being drafted, and rejected the appeal of Churchill and Lloyd George in February 1912 that Ulster should be excluded. The majority of the cabinet followed Asquith's lead in refusing to treat Ulster's resistance to HomeRule seriously until autumn 1913, when it was too late to avert the growing crisis.

The parliamentary debates on Home Rule from April 1912 to January 1913 have been analysed thoroughly for the first time, concentrating especially on the reaction to the two significant Ulster exclusion amendments. The thesis then examines the various pressures leading towards conciliation by autumn 1913, and the secret negotiations between the party leaders from September 1013 to March 1914. Asquith's Ulster policy was finally wrecked by the Curragh incident in March 1914, since the government believed thereafter that it could not use the army to impose Home Rule on Ulster.

Asquith's weaknesses as a war-time leader were already foreshadowed in his mismanagement of the Ulster crisis before the war. He relied throughout on a high-risk policy of prevarication, which had clearly failed by May 1914, though the utter hopelessness of the Irish situation was partially concealed by the European conflagration. The Irish problem of 1911-1914 also highlighted the essential problem for Liberalism of coming to grips with the 'progressive' demands of the twentieth century electorate, while still haunted by the traditional consitutional commitments of nineteenth century Gladstonian Liberalism.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Doctrine of Empirical Consciousness in the Bhoga Kārikā

contributor:
Sivaraman, K.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The following dissertation consists of a study of an eighth century A. D. Sanskrit text dealing with the soteriological implications of the nature of "bhoga"--"mundane experience" or, more precisely, "empirical consciousness". The dissertation can be subdivided into two major sections. The first section consists of a critical discussion of the doctrine of bhoga in the Bhogakārikāvrtti; the second section consists of an English translation of the Sanskrit text.

The following study of the Bhoga Kārikā and its commentary has as its major concern the explication of the idea of "bhoga" put forth in the text. According to the schooI of Śaivism to which the author of the Bhoga Kārikā belongs, souls are by nature possessed of the two "capacities" (śakti) of consciousness and agency. Existing in a beginningless condition in the soul, these two capacities are obfuscated by the defiling power of a cosmic principle described as "mala". Due to this defilement the soul is forced into experiencing things in a limited manner, i.e., solely as an ego-personality whose self-understanding is both defined by and limited to the empirical sphere of experience.

In explicating the doctrine of bhoga expressed by Sadyojyoti and defended his commentator Aghora Śiva, the dissertation takes up a discussion of the various polemics against other systems such as the Buddhists, Cāvāka, Nyāya and Sāmkhya. As well, an attempt is made to point out the particular manner in which Sadyojyoti's doctrine of "bhoga" shares close affiliations with the schools of Mimāsā and Sāmkhya-Yoga.

The text was translated under the guidance of Dr. S. S. Janaki, the Director of Kuppuswami Sastri Research Institute in Madras. The Sanskrit text of the Bhoga Kārikā consists of 146 verses by a renowned Śaivite author, Sadyojyoti (8th c. A. D.) and a brief commentary by another renowned Śaivite author, Aghora Śiva (14th c. A. D.). Although by themselves the verses are difficult to understand without the aid of the commentary, the commentary itself is written in simple Sanskrit prose. The Bhoga Kārikā is one of a host of Śaivite "manuaIs" that systematically define the essential teachings and particular themes of Āgamic Śaivism. Aghora Śiva's commentary on the Bhoga Kārikā is typical of the commentaries accompanying most of these manuals: it is brief and polemical.

Chapter of the dissertation deals with the authors Sadyojyoti and Aghora Śiva in relation to the Śaivite tradition; as well, Chapter I treats the basic concepts of "bhoga" and "tattva" employed in the Bhoga Kārikā. Chapter II deals with the doctrine of the subtle and the gross elements, emphasizing the concern of the tattvic doctrine that each tattva is a sine qua non in the event of bhoga. Chapter III treats the sphere of the motor, sense a intellectual organs and the polemics against the Cārvākas and Nyāya concerning the role of "consciousness" in the sphere of empirical experience. The specific organs of the "antahkarana", i.e., manas, buddhi and ahamkāra, are treated in Chapter IV. More epistemological issues are discussed in Chapter V, most notably the Śaivite doctrine that the soul has intrinsic to it the dual capacities (śakti) of consciousness and agency. The last chapter, Chapter VI, deals with the trans-buddhi conditions governing empirical consciousness, and includes a discussion of the soteriological import of māyā and mala. Appendix I consists of the translation of the Bhoga Kārikā Vrtti while the transliteration of the text appears in Appendix II.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Genetic Variation within and among Ontario Hatchery Stocks of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namayacush) as Measured by Three Molecular Market Systems: Applicants to Rehabilitation and Hatchery Management

contributor:
White, B.N.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: Increases in the use of hatchery fish have raised interest in the genetics of hatchery-reared fish. Four types of genetic concerns have been identified for hatchery stock management: loss of stocks, domestication, loss of within and among-stock genetic variability. Each has an impact on the quality of fish available. To address these concerns, mitochondrial DNA, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, and microsatellite DNA loci were considered for their suitability for stock discrimination, hatchery monitoring, and mixed-stock analysis of rehabilitated populations of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Mitochondrial DNA variation was analyzed to determine if it could be used in a mixed-stock analysis. The accuracy of the estimates was low because one clone is found at high frequencies in all lake trout stocks studied. Mitochondrial DNA variation may have limited application in mixed stock analysis, but is well suited for further studies of variation in the wild. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) loci were tested for Mendelian inheritance in lake trout and the 13 variable loci amplified in the Killala Lake hatchery stock were inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Individual variation of RAPD markers in lake trout hatchery stocks was large which made genetic stock identification and mixed-stock analysis difficult. Genetic relationships among hatchery stocks in Ontario were examined using microsatellite DNA loci. Heterologous primer sets designed for other salmonid species could be used to amplify microsatellite loci in lake trout. The genetic relationships observed among the hatchery stocks were similar to those observed in previous genetic analyses using allozyme and mitochondrial DNA markers. The results of a simulation study based on microsatellite DNA and allozyme loci indicate that microsatellite DNA loci provide more accurate estimates than allozyme loci in mixed stock analyses. Further comparisons of microsatellite DNA loci to mitochondrial DNA and RAPD loci indicate that microsatellite loci are the most useful for mixed-stock analysis. Nuclear markers in general are more useful than mitochondrial markers because they provide data on the contributions of both sexes, whereas mitochondrial DNA data only describes the contribution of females. Comparisons of genetic variation in Ontario hatchery stocks of lake trout using mitochondrial DNA, RAPD loci, and microsatellite DNA loci indicate that within stock varaiation is being maintained in moost stocks. Small numbers of founders and unequal sex ratios may be responsible for any losses that have occurred. Among-stock variation is similar to that observed in wild populations. The few changes observed may be due to sampling errors of gametes used to found broodstocks or to provide yearling lake trouut for hatchery supplemented lakes such as Lake Simcoe.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Blocking of a CS-US Association by a US-US Association

contributor:
Jenkins, H.M.
Psychology

subject: Psychology

abstract: In a typical blocking experiment an association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) is first established by CS-US pairings. Concurrent presentation of the previously conditioned CS with a second CS is then shown to prevent or attenuate conditioning to the second CS. In the present blocking experiments a US-US association was first established by preexposure with repeated fixed interval US presentations. A single CS was then paired with a US that followed a prior US by the same fixed US-US interval that was used in preexposure. The interval between the US prior to the CS and the US paired with the CS was called the critical US-US interval. In Experiment 1, a 10.5-sec fixed interval between USs was used to show that this procedure can block acquisition to the CS. In Experiment 2, blocking was also shown with a 100.5-sec fixed interval between USs. Experiments 1 and 2 provided evidence in support of the hypothesis that blocking by a US-US association occurs when the prior US predicts the time of arrival of the US with which the CS is paired (time of arrival hypothesis). In Experiment 3a, manipulating the amount of preexposure at a 10.5-sec US-US interval showed rapid blocking of a CS-US association by a US-US association. Experiment 3b showed that the results from Experiment 3a were not consistent with one alternative account. This alternative account suggested that blocking in Experiment 3a occurred because subjects did learn the CS-US association, but competing responses elicited by learning a short interval US-US association prevented the expression of this learning. Experiment 4 showed that blocking was attenuated with added USs in preexposure at longer US-US intervals than the critical US-US interval: Experiment 5 showed that the results from Experiment 4 were not due to a change in the temporal distribution of USs from preexposure to training. The relationship of US-US blocking to current theories of learning and to other conditioning phenomena was discussed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Toward an Understanding of Man in Śaiva Siddhānta: A Study in Philosophical Anthropology

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The thesis is a philosophical and thematic study based on a Sanskrit commentary to the Śivajñānabodham, one of the basic texts of Śaiva Siddhānta, an important though relatively unnoticed religio-philosophical school of Indian thought. The text has the remarkable feature--apart from inspiring several voluminous commentaries on it--of containing only twelve verses, of two lines each. My thesis is based on one such commentary in Sanskrit called Śivāgrabhāsya by Śivāgrayogin (sixteenth century). I began the thesis by arguing that, contrary to a prima facie acquaintance with Indian thought, there is a philosophical anthropology implicit in several schools of Indian philosophy, although it may not be clearly discerned by that name. I have tried to show in any case that the Śivāgrabhāsya, in terms of its own thematic focus, has a claim to being a philosophical anthropology--a claim borne but by the fact that the author of the text himself asks: "Who are the beings for whom ... this world is produced?" It is clear that man is the focus of his attention in answering the question and, from his insightful and elaborate deliberations, one can see a philosophical anthropology emerging. I have located the problem of man within this text and have attempted to elicit from it, by a careful and selective analysis, adequate material toward a plausible reconstruction of the philosophical anthropology I see contained in it. Śivāgrayogin deals with the theme concerning man on at least two basic premises, viz., that of man as a being who possesses limited knowledge about the nature of ultimate reality, in which context the idea of fallible man emerges, and that of man as a being involved in the world. Both these postulates imply that man is a fettered being, endowed with the possibility of a condition of unfettered existence, i.e., with the possibility of an existence which can claim freedom from fettered life. Gnosis is said to be the only means for liberation--a means that, by its own inherent logic, is efficacious ultimately through divine grace. Life in the world is itself made possible through a "veiled" grace which, when "manifest", effects a due unleashing of man's powers of consciousness. The impact of Śivāgrayogin's point that man is to be defined essentially in terms of consciousness, has a special and striking significance in the light of his discussion on what constitutes freedom and liberation. Indeed, the condition of the possibility of the latter serves as the basis for the former. What I have found unique to the Śaiva Siddhānta understanding of man is its attempt not only to analyze man's essential nature as radically different from that the world--and, indeed, a world in which a scope for liberation is afforded--but, also, its attempt to account for the nature of man's so-called bound existence in the world itself. I have attempted to approach Śaiva Siddhānta philosophical anthropology from the latter standpoint, i.e., by expounding and analyzing the Śaiva Siddhānta description of man in the world, I have sought to bring out the impact of its view that the intrinsic nature of man be defined essentially by consciousness. The Śivāgrabhāsya has never been translated, nor is it anymore available in print. My thesis makes a contribution to knowledge because it is based almost entirely on this text and because it contains translations of several portions related to the topic of the thesis. From my own carefully selected and specific perspective, my thesis is an encyclopaedic view of Śaiva Siddhānta and gives a glimpse into the wealth of untapped source material in a relatively ignored area of research.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Digital Processing of Radar and Satellite Images

contributor:
Carter, C.R.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
A microcomputer based image processing and display system was constructed, consisting of an Intel 8080 microcomputer development system, a 128 kilobyte memory, a colour television monitor, and an image display controller and interface. This display system was used to compare images from airport and surveillance radar and meteorological satellites. the main purpose of the comparison was to detect and classify hazards to aircraft, particularly weather and migratory birds. The image display system is a relatively inexpensive means of performing basic processing of images for a variety of applications.

Data from the Winnipeg airport radar and from the NOAA 5 meteorological satellite, of the same area, was simultaneously obtained during May 1978, the time of the bird migration. The two images were geometrically transformed into the same map projection and then compared. It was found that some clouds were common to both images, but many were not. Birds, on the other hand, are only detected by the radar. More data needs to be collected and analyzed, under different weather conditions and the radar optimized for detecting clouds.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: A Free Boundary Problem Modelling Zoning in Rocks

contributor:
Chadam, J.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
Oscillatory zoning in rocks can be explained by a kinetic mathematical model of crystal growth. In this model, zoning is an autonomously occurring phenomenon resulting from the interaction of crystal growth dynamics and diffusion of solutes within the solution. Here the rates of crystal formation have a positive feedback dependency such that these rates depend on the composition of the crystal surface.

A moving free boundary problem is presented describing the growth of two essential crystal end-members that are formed from two solutes on a solid-solute interface. The simplest possible case is presented in which there are two first order crystal formation reactions, and all the variation of concentration is confined to one solute. Bifurcation analysis is used as a criteria for the local existence of oscillatory zoning. Under certain physical conditions, we can show, using rigorous analysis, that planar constant composition front solutions lose their stability to oscillatory solutions through a Hopf bifurcation when important parameter values exceed some critical value. The analysis is very sensitive to the precise stoichiometry of the crystal formation reactions and to the initial conditions of the state.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Trade-Off Decisions in Distribution Utility Management

contributor:
Alden, R.T.H.
El-Kady, Mohamed A.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: As a result of the "unbundling" of traditional monopolistic electricity generation and transmission enterprises into a free-market economy, a power distribution utilities are faced with very difficult decisions pertaining to electricity supply options and quality of service to the customers. The management of distribution utilities has become increasingly complex, versatile, and dynamic to the extent that conventional, non-automated management tools are almost useless and obsolete. This thesis presents a novel and unified approach to managing electricity supply options and quality of service to customers. The technique formulates the problem in terms of variables, parameters, and constraints. An advanced Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) optimization formulation is developed together with novel, logical, decision-making algorithms. These tools enable the utility management to optimize various cost components and assess their time-trend impacts, taking into account the intangible issues such as customer perception, customer expectation, social pressures, and public response to service deterioration. The abovee concepts are further generalized and a Logical Proportion Analysis (LPA) methodology and associated software have been developed. Solutions using numbers are replaced with solutions using words (character strings) which more closely emulate the human decision-making process and advance the art of decision-making in the power utility environment. Using practical distribution utility operation data and customer surveys, the developments outlined in this thesis are successfully applied to several important utility management problems. These involve the evaluation of alternative electricity supply options, the impact of rate structures on utility business, and the decision of whether to continue to purchase from a main grid or generate locally (partially or totally) by building Non-Utility Generation (NUG).

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Effects of Firm Strategy on the Level and Structure of CEO Compensation: Evidence from the Canadian metal minin industry

contributor:
Agarwal, Naresh C.
Business Administration

subject: Business Business

abstract: Executive compensation has attracted much attention over the past few decades. However, a careful review of the literature reveals that there is a need for more empirical studies using different theoretical perspectives. In this thesis, we add theoretical insights from strategic management and analyze some of the determinants of executive compensation within a multidisciplinary framework. Using data from a relatively large sample of Canad ian-based metal mining firms, we examine and discuss the effects of firm strategy on executive compensation. Areas for future research are also discussed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Classical and Bayesian Approaches to Nonlinear Models Based on Human in vivo Cadmium Data

contributor:
Balakrishnan, Narayanaswamy
Chettle, D. R.
M., P. D.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: In the major part of this thesis, two-compartment and four-compartment models in this form of linear differential equations, associated with human in vivo cadmium data, have been constructed to describe a particular biological phenomenon of cadmium metabolism in the human body. The two-compartment model constitutes the preliminary work, and the complete analysis and discussions are finally achieved through the four-compartment model. Since it was expensive to technically perform the in vivo measurements and also difficult to collect the data over a period of a decade, the data set analyzed in this thesis are quite precious and one of very few existing data sets in the area of cadmium research. Cadmium researchers are very much interested in drawing as much information as possible from these data. A method is developed for deriving the expectation functions and analyzing this special data set. The parameter estimation for the compartment models developed is based on two parameter estimation methods based on classical and Bayesian approaches. It is the first time a whole system of the human body has been analyzed simultaneously without any additional assumptions on the derivation of the compartment models. This contrasts with the approach of discussing each compartment separately with a large number of assumptions from different sources as in Kjellström's model. The results obtained from these statistical approaches based on simpler and more direct mathematical models are not only interpreted very reasonably in terms of the biological phenomenon, but they also show great consistency with previous studies, even though the data are sparse and noisy which poses a special difficulty in this study. This thesis also considers the application of segmented models to examine the relationship between renal dysfunction and blood or urine cadmium, and to locate abrupt change points as kidneys become abnormal.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Studies of Surface Acoustic Wave Interdigitated Transducers

contributor:
Campbell, C.K.
Electrical Engineering

abstract: The subject of this Thesis is the theoretical and experimental investigation of the capabilities and the limitations of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Interdigitated Interdigital Transducer (IIDT) filters. These devices provide the means of achieving low-loss SAW filters with percentage bandwidths exceeding 10%. During the course of developing an analytical tool for IIDTs, a menu driven computer program based on a modified version of the Coupling of Modes (COM) theory was written to allow the frequency response of arbitrary SAW device structures, composed of transducers, reflector arrays and spaces, to be evaluated without further programming. Several IIDT filters were fabricated and tested with the aim of reducing the inherent ripple in the frequency response of the structures. Techniques are proposed for achieving losses of less than 6 dB with acceptable ripple suppression. In addition, some studies are performed on IIDT comb filters and their application to multimode oscillators.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Automated Structural Optimization Using the Finite Element Method and an Expert System

contributor:
Siddall, J.N.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
This thesis describes the development of a software system, which integrates the optimization, finite element, expert system and computer aided design techniques to achieve a highly automatic structural design.

New knowledge has been developed for the theory of expert systems, including an knowledge acquisition approach by linear programming and machine learning.

Several algorithms have been developed to increase the efficiency of the finite element based optimization.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Sensitive Independence: The Personnel of the Woman's Missionary Society of the Methodist Church of Canada, 1881-1925

contributor:
Turner, H.E.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
From its inception in 1881 until its activities were subsumed under the missionary mandate of the United Church of Canada in 1925, the Woman's Missionary Society of the Methodist Church of Canada energetically promoted the Church's gospel of social reform and individual salvation in its far-flung mission fields in West China, in Japan, in Canada's western frontier settlements and its inner-city immigrant ghettos. The Society's agents were 300 single women carefully chosen on the basis of age, educational background, related work experience and spiritual commitment.

The thesis argues that these women missionaries, broadly representative of small-town, middle-class, Protestant Canada in the Victorian and Edwardian eras, found in the W. M. S. an appealing alternative to both domesticity and the limited opportunities for women in secular careers. Nurtured by the structural and political autonomy of the W. M. S within the Methodist Church of Canada, by an aggressive Board of Managers, by the developing sense of sisterhood among the Society's recruits, and by the freedom to act independently according to the circumstances of remote mission fields, missionaries became more than mere proselytizers, social workers and teachers. They became professional career women with vested interests in the management, funding, success and rewards of their activities who were ultimately judged as much on the basis of their professional development as on the evidence of their spiritual commitment or their record of conversions.

Within this context, career commitment on the part of individual missionaries was dependent on several factors, including educational background, administrative skill and, not least of all, field location. Japan in the throes of industrialization and modernization was the Society's showcase. Its most skilled recruits were sent there; and it is not surprising that the Japanese mission field produced the largest number of life-long employees. The Home mission field, in contrast, enjoyed the lowest priority for funding and personnel, most of whom were drawn from a group of Iess skilled recruits for whom mission work was an interlude between school-leaving and marriage. West China, with its litany of political, social and physical hardships, arguably demanded, and produced, a degree of dedication and resoluteness unmatched in the recruits who served elsewhere.

At a time when Canadian society was widely debating the related questions of women's proper sphere and the social role of organized Christianity, the W. M. S. created for its women missionaries a separate sphere in which, freed from the sexual politics of both the home and the workplace, they could pursue Christian activism as a fulfilling and rewarding career.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Philosophy of God in Kashmir Śaiva Dualism: Sadyojyoti and His Commentators

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
Scholars know a good deal about Kashmir Śaivism. Beginning in the teens of our century the works of Abhinavagupta and others were edited, translated and studied both by Indian and Western students. The philosophy of non-dualism or absolute monism that charactedized the thought of Abhinavagupta and the Trika or Pratyabhijñā school of which he was a representative has come to be identified with the name Kashmir Śaivism.

Yet a Śaiva school teaching philosophical dualism existed in Kashmir during the the same period. The only early writer of this school whose writings have survived is Sadyojyoti (9th.C). It is the writings of this author, along with their commentaries by Rāmakantha (12th.C) and Aghoraśiva (12th.C) which form the main textual basis for this study. The essay also includes a study of Aghoraśiva's commentary on King Bhoja's (11th.C) Tattvaprakāśikā.

The first two chapters give a detailed exposition of the philosophy of God in Sadyojyoti's Tattvatrayanirnaya (with Aghoraśiva's commentary) and Tattvasangraha (with Aghoraśiva's commentary). The first chapter, on the Tattvatrayanirnaya, includes a complete translation of this work and its commentary into English for the first time. This is followed by a study on the same theme in Bhoja's Tattvaprakāśiká and Aghoraśiva's commentary thereon. These three chapters are followed by a summary of the findings concerning the positive teachings on God put forth in these texts. Chapter four is a study of the polemics in the second chapter of the Nareśvaraparíksá of Sadyojyoti with a commentary by Rámakantha. It is here that the defence of the phiIosophy of God is effected against other schools of Indian philosophy. Chapter five is a study of Abhinavagupta's polemic in the TantrāIoka against Sadyojyoti's dualism and conception of God. This is followed by a summary and conclusion.

In brief, the findings are that, Sadyojyoti's system of thought resembles what one might think of as theistic Sámkhya. The metaphysics is similar with the only significant difference being that Sadyojyoti finds a place for God (Śiva) largly, so the thesis argues, due to the presence of mala in Śaivism, which is absent in Sāmkhya. The argument for the existence of God is similar to the Nyāya syllogism (ie., is a combination of the cosmological and design arguments). The main opponents to this attempted proof of the existence of God are the Buddhist, Dharmakīrti, and the Mīmāmśaka, Kumārila.

In general, Sadyojyoti's philosophy of God and his doctrine of philosophical dualism are as successful as any thought system in terms of power of explicability and internal coherence.

The final part of the conclusion argues that the type of philosophy espoused by Sadyojyoti and his commentators cannot really speak to the modern western world since the premises of the former are those which the latter sees itself as having outgrown.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Time Series Studies of Phytoplankton Ecology

contributor:
Harris, G. P.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Daily measurements were taken during the summer of 1979 in Hamilton Harbour; a eutrophic, physically variable bay situated at the western end of Lake Ontario, to determine the impact of environmental fluctuations on the rates of primary production and growth, species succession and community diversity in the resident phytoplankton community. Nutrient loadings (P, N and C) were high and did not limit algal productivity and growth during the study period. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity was evident in the thermal structure, dissolved oxygen and nutrient distributions. Zm, the mixing depth and N², the water column stability were subject to physically induced, short term (<24 h) fluctuations and strong periodic motions in the range of days or weeks. The underwater light field was subject to random, short term oscillations. Zeu and ЄPAR were stable over short temporal scales, following fluctuations in algal biomass. The phytoplankton were strongly self-shaded (average Єs = 0.0108 in units m² mg chlorophyll aˉ¹) and self-shading increased as Cp; the chlorophyll package size decreased. Fluctuations in Zm were thus, the key environmental factor exerting stress on the phytoplankton, as the algae themselves controlled their own light climate.

Daily variability in the Zue/Zm ratio, strongly influenced by fluctuations in Zm, and water column stability; M² (secˉ²) accounted for the low and variable rates of ΣP and max Pv. In situ Pmax, Pe and Ik values were also low and variable and accounted for the low rates of ΣP and max Pv. The phytoplankton responded to the temporal spectrum of environmental change via a hierarchy of response mechanisms, from physiological regulation to true adaptation. In vivo fluoresecence (IVF, F + DCMU, F ratios and R values) was variable and represented rapid regulation (<24 h) to short term fluctuations in the light field and water column stability. F ratios and R values were low under conditions of water column stability (high N² and Zeu/Zm) and high under conditions of vertical mixing (low N² and Zeu/Zm). The cellular generation time represented a fundamental period integrating cellular adaptation with environmental change. Pmax varied with depth and time and responded positively to increases in the value of the Zeu/Zm ratio with a 5.0 - 6.0 day lag period. Pe was positively correlated with Pmax, negatively correlated with Ik and high Pe values lagged low Zeu/Zm ratios by 6.0 - 7.0 days. Ik responded to fluctuations in ΣIo over the previous two days and its extreme daily variability obscured its temperature dependence during the study.

The eight dominant algal species responded to water column stability: N², with lag periods of one or more generation times (2.0 - 8.0 days). Coelastrum spp., Oocystis borgeii, Scenedesmus sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. responded positively to increasing thermal stability, while Rhodomonas sp, Cryptomonas spp., Stephanodiscus spp. and Cyclotella sp. responded negatively. Species exhibiting the same lag period and the same response in terms of changes in numerical abundance to fluctuations in N², avoided competition by utilizing different scaling strategies. The phytoplankton exploited the nature of environmental fluctuations as a resource permitting the coexistance of species and enhancing community diversity in a physically variable environment.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Separation of Uranium by Immobilized Inactive Microbial Biomass

contributor:
Baird, Malcolm H.I.
Tsezos, M.
Chemical Engineering

subject: Chemical Engineering

abstract: The ability of microorganisms to interact with and accumulate a variety of heavy metal ions from their immediate environment has been well recognized. Biosorption is termed as the sequestering of metal ions by live or dead microorganisms and their derivatives. Native microorganisms however are not rigid enough to be used as technical biosorbents in large scale operations such as a packed bed adsorption reactor. A new immobilization technique has been developed using a spouted bed reactor that produces encapsulated R. arrhizus biomass which can be used as a technical adsorbent in the same way as an ion exchange resin or activated carbon. The immobilized biomass has 10 to 15 wt % of inert medium that is porous polymeric membrane. The overall mechanical strength of the immobilized biomass was evaluated by measuring the pressure drop at various water now rates in a packed bed filled with immobilized biomass particles. The structure of the encapsulation membrane of the immobilized biomass particles was examined under electron microscope and appeared to be very porous. A batch kinetic mass transfer model was developed for the immobilized R. arrhizus and was numerically solved by collocation methods. Batch kinetic experiments for mass transfer rate of uranium were carried out with the immobilized R. arrhizus using a modified liquid Carberry reactor. The effective diffusivities of uranyl ion through the wall membrane and in the biomass core were estimated by fitting the kinetic data to the mass transfer model using a non-linear regression analysis. The new immobilization technique developed in this study can produce biosorbents with desirable technical properties without affecting the biosorptive capacity of inactive R. arrhizus. This technique is very versatile and can be applied to other biomass types. The mechanical strength of the immobilized biomass and mass transfer rate through the wall membrane can be easily controlled by adjusting the membrane properties during the immobilization process.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Measurement of Stress in III-V Semiconductors using the Degree of Polarization of Luminescence

contributor:
Cassidy, D.T.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: The techniques of polarization-resolved electroluminescence and photoluminescence have been demonstrated to be accurate methods of measuring mechanical stress in luminescent semiconductors. These techniques have been applied to measure the stresses in AlGaAs/GaAs and InGaAsP/InP superluminescent diodes and diode lasers and bulk GaAs and InP crystals. Stresses due to various diode laser manufacturing processes have been measured. Individual dislocations in bulk crystals and strained epitaxial layers have been detected and characterized by their stress patterns.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Neutron Scattering Investigation of Uranium Selenide

contributor:
Collins, M.F.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: US, USe, and UTe form a series of rocksalt structure ferromagnets which exhibit unusual magnetic properties. At high temperatures all three compounds are paramagnetic, and exhibit local-moment-like behaviour. At low temperatures, however, only UTe exhibits an excitation spectrum which is characteristic of a local moment system. In US a broad continuum of magnetic response more akin to what is observed in an itinerant magnet is found. In this work, we focus on the intermediate member of the series, USe. We have performed a detailed inelastic neutron scattering study of the excitations in the low temperature ferromagnetic phase of USe. A magnetic excitation branch is observed which arises from an extremely large zone centre anisotropy gap (= 10 THz) and disperses quadratically at small q. The spectrum is unusual in a number of respects. At the zone centre, the excitation appears as a well-defined peak in the inelastic spectrum but with an intrinsic width (" 3 THz). At larger q, the scattering weakens and broadens appreciably. Measurements on a single domain sample have shown that the scattering is unpolarized, i.e. it contains (approximately) equal amounts of transverse and longitudinal response. We have attempted to describe, as far as possible, the behaviour of the chalcogenides using a localized electron model of the uranium ion. The Hund's rule ground state of the uranium ion is perturbed by a Hamiltonian which includes the effect of a cubic crystal field, exchange and quadrupolar interaction, and magnetoelastic coupling. With this model it is possible to reproduce a number of the magnetic and elastic observables in the UX compounds. Finally, the ferromagnetic phase transition has been examined using critical neutron scattering techniques. The temperature dependence of the inverse correlation length and static susceptibility have been investigated and found to exhibit the characteristic power law behaviour of a critical phase transition. The critical exponents extracted from this measurement agree reasonably well with those of the three-dimensional Heisenberg model. The order parameter, however, varies in an unusual way: the onset of long range order occurs roughly 5 K above the critical temperature. This behaviour may be linked to the presence of large quadrupolar and magnetoelastic effects in the system.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Development of an Automated Robotic Edge Deburring System

contributor:
Elbestawi, M. A.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Engineering

abstract: This thesis describes the development of a system for automated robotic edge deburring. The main emphasis is on accurate sensing and control of the chamfer depth. The depth is controlled through a custom built active end effector mounted to a PUMA-762 robot. The end effector's design objectives are obtained from an analysis of the combined robot arm, end effector, and deburring process dynamics. The completed unit had a bandwith of 65 Hz, and an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The depth is first controlled indirectly, by minimizing the variance of the normal deburring force. Several non-adaptive control algorithms based on a time series process model are investigated. Following computer simulations, experiments are performed on 1018 steel, straight edged parts. The extended horizon design is found to achieve the lowest force variance (0.11 N²), and the smoothest chamfer, with a roughness of 9.5 μm (ISO Ra). Simulations are performed to access the potential benefits of parameter adaptive force control for robotic deburring's time varying process dynamics. An adaptive version of the Smith predictor is found to be the more robust, and have a faster response time than a non-adaptive version. A model reference adaptive control algorithm is also investigated. A version sensor is then developed to more directly measure the chamfer depth. The sensor has a measurement rate of 105 Hz, with an accuracy of ±13 μm over a 1 m range. An automated inspection system is developed using the same hardware with modified software. The information from the vision and force sensors is combined using a sensor fusion scheme. This results in a more accurate and reliable measurement than possible using each sensor alone. Based on the force control results, adaptive generalized predictive control is chosen to control the depth. Separate process models are used for the contact and non-contact dynamics. To adapt to changes in dynamics the contact model parameters are estimated on-line. The control algorithm is then modified to include learning control. This new algorithm is shown, both theoretically and experimentall, to improve the regulation performance of the original algorithm, without affecting its stability, for processes with a partially repeatable disturbance. Depth controlled experiments are performed on straight edged and planar parts made of 1018 steel, and 304 stainless steel. Feedrates of 25 and 50mm/s, and depth setpoints of 0.3 and 0.4 mm are used. In comparison to non-adaptive control, the regulation is improved with adaptive control, and further improved with the adaptive learning algorithm. The part material, depth setpoint, and feedrate are found to have little effect on the deburring performance. The system's feedrate are found to have little effect on the deburring performance. The system's accuracy is found to be dependent on the part geometry. For straight edged parts the accuracy is ±0.03 mm, for the most complex planar part tested it is ±0.06 mm.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Acute Stress-Induced Pathophysiology of Intestinal Epithelium in Stress Susceptible Wistar Kyoto Rats

contributor:
Perdue, Mary H.
Medical Sciences

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract: The gastrointestinal tract is particularly sensitive to stress. Stress-induced gastric ulceration and stress-induced alterations in motility have been examined. The purpose of my studies was to define stress-induced changes in the intestinal epithelium and the mechanisms involved in the epithelial responses. Wistar Kyoto rats were stressed by restraint. Jejunal and colonic tissues from stressed or control rats were removed and parametres of epithelial physiology were studied in Ussing chambers. Acute stress caused a significant increase in intestinal chloride ion secretion. In addition, tissues from stressed rats demonstrated impaired responses to neural activation. Compared to controls tissues from stressed rats were also found to have increased permeability to ions, and small inert probes, and increased permeability to a macromolecular protein. In spite of these functional abnormalities, the mucosa showed no signs of damange. Our next series of experiments showed that peripheral cholinergic nerves and corticotrophin releasing factor were responsible for mediating these epithelial responses to acute stress. Pretreatment with atropine (jejunum) or a corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist (colon) prevented the stress-induced pathophysiology, while administering corticotropin-releasing factor mimicked the colonic responses. These studies also showed that the Wistar Kyoto strain of rats developed more extreme intestinal abnormalities to stress than the parental Wistar strain, most likely due to the fact that Wistar Kyoto rats have less cholinesterase activity. In summary, my studies showed that stress impaired epithelial function along the intestinal tract. We speculate that in susceptible individuals, acute stress can cause the epithelial barrier to become leakly allowing greater uptake of small proinflammatory molecules (bacterial products) as well as larger macromolecules (antigens) from the lumen. Subsequent stimulation of immunocytes may initiate or exacerbate inflammation.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Synthesis and NMR Study of N6', N9-Octa-methylenepurine Cyclophane

contributor:
Bell, Russell Arthur
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: N6', N9-Octamethylenepurine cyclophane was synthesized to act as a ¹H NMR probe for the study of the diamagnetic anisotropy about the adenine system. The title compound was formed from 6-chloropurine and cyclooctanone using two variations of the same general approach. The ¹H NMR studies resulted in the assignment and identification of each proton resonance. As a method of confirming the assignments, nuclear Overhauser enhancement studies as well as conformational analysis using X-ray crystallography were completed. Upon correlation of the proton magnetic resonance spectrum with the structure of the title compound, an attempt was made to use a model calculation to determine the diamagnetic shielding anisotropy of adenine by comparison with the methylene proton chemical shifts. Finally, in an effort to further characterize the diamagnetic shielding anisotropy about adenine, a homolog to the title compound, N6',N9-Nonamethylenepurine cyclophane, was synthesized.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Seismic Torsional Response of Asymmetrical Multi-Storey Frame Buildings

contributor:
Tso, W.K.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract: Seismic torsional response has always been a principal cause of structural failure in every major earthquake. There are numerous observations of damages caused by excessive torsional response in buildings, bridges, and lifeline structures. The torsion-induced failures have been especially catastrophic for multi-storey buildings because torsional response changes the uniform translational seismic floor displacements and causes concentration of demand in elements at the perimeter of the building. This often leads to failure of the over-loaded elements, which in turn initiates progressive collapse of the building. This study provides a conceptual explanation for the poor seismic performance of torsionally flexible asymmetric structures. These are buildings with a low level of torsional stiffness. Post-earthquake observations and also studies on single storey buildings have shown the vulnerability of these buildings to seismic damages. The study reported in this thesis extends the findings of previous research to multi-storey buildings and provides a theoretical foundation for understanding their seismic performance. Guidelines are developed and formulated to enable designers to identify torsionally flexible asymmetric buildings. This is of prime importance, as it is shown here that corrective measures taken by building codes in the form of statically applied torsional provisions are not effective for this type of structure. The future generation of codes for designing new structures and retrofitting existing structures will be performance based. A structure designed with such an approach has to meet a specific set of seismic performance criteria for a specific level of seismic hazard. Dynamic analyses of the building will be needed to assess the performance of the building at the many levels of seismic hazard. Preparation of input and interpretation of the large amount of output, resulting from an inelastic response analysis of multi-storey buildings is not practical, even for symmetric buildings. To overcome this, several simplified procedures based on inelastic static analyses are formulated in this thesis. Application of these procedures to some example multi-storey asymmetric buildings has shown that they are sufficiently simple and yet accurate for use in design offices. It is believed that a combination of these methods with sound engineering judgement will provide a practical and economical tool for the earthquake-resistant design profession to implement the performance-based design codes, currently being prepared by many countries, to protect life and property in urban centres in the event of an earthquake.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: In the Shadow of illness: A Social Geography of the Chronically Mentally Disabled in Hamilton, Ontario

contributor:
Taylor, S.M.
Geography

subject:
Geography
Human Geography
mental disabilities
Hamilton, Ontario

abstract:
This thesis adopts a socio-ecological perspective on health and examines everyday life for the community-based chronically mentally disabled (CMD) in Hamilton, Ontario. As with most larger North American cities, this population is residentially concentrated in inner city census tracts. This shared central location implies common experience of aspects of the urban environment.

An analytical framework is developed, based on socio-ecological principles. Coping and satisfaction are identified as two dimensions of community experience that may augment conventional measures of post-hospital outcome. On the framework, seven subsets of client and community variables are identified: personal characteristics, psychiatric profile, psychiatric services, housing, social support, lifestyle and beliefs and attitudes. Survey data collected in two rounds of interviews from an initial sample of 66 CMD clients from three aftercare programs are used to undertake both quantitative and qualitative analysis. In the former, composite measures of coping and satisfaction are constructed and the relationship between these indices and client and community variables are examined using bivariate and multivariate techniques. Qualitative analysis is based on narrative accounts offered by clients in the course of interviews. An interpretation of these texts and analysis of daily activity patterns is undertaken at both the level of particular individuals and the sample as a whole. This analysis of the experience of time, space and community life for the sample complements the evidence from quantitative inquiry.

Findings from the quantitative analysis indicate that clients coping well in the community were more involved in gregarious activities, had enough to do, had more significant others and were more involved in mental health services. Those more satisfied were older, had more significant others, did not live in a lodging home, were more residentially stable, had enough to do and were not recipients of an income supplement. Results of the qualitative analysis of narrative accounts and time budget data indicate that poverty and unemployment compound the effects of illness and lead to a monotonous experience of relatively unconstrained time within a highly constrained activity space.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Time-resolved Tunable Diode Laser Detection of the Products of the Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation of CF₂HCl, (CF₃)₂CO, and CHCl₃

contributor:
Smith, D.R.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry

abstract:
In the experiments described in thesis, tunable u diode lasers are used to detect infrared absorption by the transient species produced in the infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) of CF₂HCl, (CF₃)₂CO, and CHCl₃.

The time-resolved infrared absorptions of CF₂ and HCl are detected following the IRMPD of CF₂HCl. Quantification of the HCl allows one to determine a CF₂ infrared absorption Iinestrength, (9±2) X 10ˉ²¹ cm moleculeˉ¹ for the ʳQ₃(9) line. From this linestrength, the CF₂ ν₁ bandstrength is found to be (3.4±0.8) X 10ˉ¹⁸ cm moleculeˉ¹. The rate constant for CF₂ recombination to form C₂F₄ is found to be (2.3±0.7) X10ˉ¹⁴ cm³ moleculeˉ¹ sˉ¹.

Time-resolved detection of CF₃, C₂F₆, and CO following the IRMPD of (CF₃)₂CO establishes that the dissociation mechanism involves the production of one molecule of CO and two of CF₃. From this stoichiometry, the linestrength of the ʳR₁₆(20) CF₃ transition is found to be (1.4±0.3) X 10ˉ²⁰ cm moleculeˉ¹ and the CF₃ ν₃ bandstrength is then calculated to be (8±2) X 10ˉ¹⁷ cm moleculeˉ¹. The rate constant for CF₃ recombination is measured to be (2.2±0.5) X 10ˉ¹² cm³ moleculeˉ¹ sˉ¹ at or near the high pressure limit, while the rate constant for CF₃ reacting with O₂ and NO are found to be (2.1±0.5) X 10ˉ²⁹ and (2.8±0.7) X 10ˉ²⁹ cm⁶ moleculeˉ² sˉ¹, respectively.

The use of TDLs in determining the isotopic selectivity of IRMPD processes is then analysed. The sensitivity of the technique is demonstrated in the detection of the DCI produced in the IRMPD of natural abundance CDCl₃ in CHCl₃. However, complications due to wall adsorption and desorption effects necessitate monitoring the DCI and HCl on a short timescaIe (tens of us) to obtain meaningful quantitative information. It is shown that the CCl₄ and much of the HCI produced in the photolysis of CDCl₃/CHCl₃ mixtures is the result of isotopically non-selective reactions involving Cl atoms.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Binary Alloy Surfaces: Surface Segregation and the Effects of Ion Bombardment on the Surface Composition of Cr-Mo Alloys

contributor:
Dawson, P.T.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
This thesis reports on a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between binary alloy surface composition and the externally controllable parameters of irradiating conditions, temperature and bulk composition.

The Cr-Mo binary system was used as the model system as it provides appreciable differences in the driving forces considered to play a significant role in surface segregation: atomic interaction energy and size. The Unified Segregation Model, adopted for theoretical analysis, predicted a cross-over in the segregating element from one end of the composition range to the other.

Quantitative surface analysis was performed using Auger Electron Spectroscopy. A major limitation to the accuracy attained was identified with differences in surface roughness between the alloy and elemental standards. An investigation was carried out to establish a correlation between sputtering, crystal orientation and surface roughness. The effect of surface roughness on the detected Auger current was quantified and procedures established for its minimization.

Surface compositional modifications of thirteen Cr-Mo alloys, subject to 2 KeV argon ion bombardment, have been established. A preferential sputtering of Cr has been observed across the entire composition range. The results have been interpreted in terms of a phenomenological preferential sputtering model yielding a sputter rate constant ratio K = 1.73 ± 0.04 in good agreement with theoretical prediction and the ratio of the sputter yields of the pure metals.

The surface segregation phenomenon has been investigated across the entire composition range. In the temperature range of 875-1075 K, the results reveal non-equilibrium effects which can occur when using sputter-cleaned alloys for segregation studies. A kinetic analysis of the segregation has yielded an insight into the activated processes that occur upon annealing a sputter-modified surface and the corresponding activation energies for diffusion.

Layer calculations, using a monolayer segregation model, have been used to determine the outer monolayer composition from that averaged over the finite escape depth of the Auger electrons. The calculated compositions have provided a qualitative and a quantitative test of the theoretical segregation model. The results have also yielded an enthalpy of segregation and an experimental estimation of the inelastic mean-free paths of the Auger electrons used in the analysis.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Realism Doesn't...: The Challenge of Postmodernism

contributor:
Hutcheon, Linda
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
This thesis examines the challenges to the techniques and conventions of nineteenth-century Realism--still the dominant frame of reference of Iiterary studies--by recent postmodern British fiction. Such novels as Midnight's Children by Salman Rushdle. Waterland by Graham Swift. Flaubert's Parrot by Julian Barnes and Lanark, by Alasdair Gray among others. Install what are recognizably Realist conventions and concepts and then subvert them from within the very conventions they seek to transgress. Not only do these novels undermine Realist literary conventions, however, they also call into question the ideology behind them. The novels thus draw attention to notions of common sense, truth, meaning, and value not as normal, natural and neutral, but as ideologically produced. Chapter One, therefore, provides a background to, and synopsis of, Realist dictates in the light of critical theories--New Criticism, reader-response criticism, structuralism and post-structuralism--which developed, in part, as reactions to them.

The novels discussed in Chapter Two raise questions about traditional ideas of narrative history such as linearity, factual documentation, and emphasis on the primacy of the individual subject. They argue that history is not something which can be known as an unmediated whole, but which, because written, is subject to the same poetic processes as fiction. These "historiographic metafictions" also concern themselves with examining how the individual is created as a subject in ideology. Chapter Three, then, expands on this in a discussion of the performative aspects of postmodern fiction and its concern with the ways in which roles--of novels, of characters, of readers--are created. Chapter Four discusses the mediation of Realist techniques through visual art and film, and the Conclusion points to the prevalence of Realist conventions in popular culture, where postmodern techniques are used to mask, rather than subvert Realist Ideology.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Determinants of Peer Acceptability of Exceptional Children

contributor:
Ryan, Ellen B.
Psychology

subject:
Psychology
Child Psychology

abstract: Review of available research yields contradictory findings as to the degree of peer acceptance or rejection which exists for learning disabled children. The majority of peer acceptability studies have focused on interpersonal behaviour. These studies emphasize the complexities of peer socialization and the inadequacies of present levels of understanding. An examination of the methodologies of these studies indicates that a number of potential confounds may hinder the identification of factors which may significantly influence peer acceptability. Learning disabled children can be typically identified by some deficit in the areas of academic, social and athletic functions, according to the most common characteristics reported in the literature, however, little research has specifically examined these factors. The primary objectives of this research program were threefold. The first objective was to determine whether or not learning disabled children would be significantly less well accepted by their normal peers in grades 4, 6 and 8 when described on the basis of these three characteristics. The second objective was to systematically examine the relative importance of each of the three characteristics identified collectively in the initial research. The final objective was to assess whether or not an intergroup perspective in contrast to the interpersonal perspective utilized so widely was applicable to the issue of peer acceptance of learning disabled children and whether this approach provided new information to the understanding of these issues. Results indicated that learning disabled characters described on the basis of three characteristics were reliably rated significantly less favourably than normal or handicapped characters on sociometric ratings and intergroup measures. Further systematic evaluation of each factor and combination of factors indicated that while all three were important in determining peer acceptability ratings, academic competence information was the most important, followed closely by social competence information and finally athletic competence information. These findings could be generalized to children in grades 4, 6 and 8. In addition, learning disabled children were found to respond in a similar manner to that of their normal peers. These results are consistent with much of the available literature and provide new information concerning the salience of three key characteristics associated with learning disabled children as a group. Further, Social Identity Theory, the intergroup theory selected for use in these studies, was found to be applicable, consistent with the results obtained and was able to predict outcome in these experiments. Hence, it is concluded that examining peer acceptability of exceptional children from an intergroup perspective contributes to the present understanding of these issues.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: High Repetition Rate Gated Photomultiplier

contributor:
Ballik, E.A.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
A high repetition rate, high voltage pulse generator was built and was used to gate a photomultiplier for the detection of relatively high levels of radiation.

A unique design has been developed which is capable of a much higher repetition rate than any system described in the literature. The pulse risetime is 1.7 ns, and the width is continuously adjustaable from 4 ns. The highest acheivable repetition rate is 100 MHz for a train of six consecutive pulses repeated every 2.5 µs. A continuous train of pulses can be generated for repetition rates below 2.5 MHz. The pulse amplitudes range between 0V and 220V.

The gated photomuliplier is a versatile low-noise pulsed detector. One, two or three dynodes can be pulsed with positive or negative pulses, and the cut-off ratio can, within limits, be set to any desirable level. We have acheived ratios ranging between 0 and 2400. The gated photomultiplier can be adjusted to be gated on or off during intense radiation. The latter allows detection of weak radiation occurring before or after the intense radiation.

The effect that changes in the potential drop between the dynodes has on the total current gain of the photomultiplier is investigated. Also, investigated are the saturation properties of photomultipliers at high anode currents. These studies explain the behaviour of the gated photomultipliers and indicate how to choose amongst the various photomultiplier parameters.

The capability of the gated photomultiplier system in a given application is tested with a dye laser. This is done by carrying out measurements on the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE).

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Supernova Polarization Spectra Calculated Using the Sobolev-H Method

contributor:
Sutherland, P.G.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
In order to analyze supernova spectropolarimetry a radiative transfer technique is required that can treat polarization and introduces polarizing effects. To do this a modified Sobolev method, here called the Sobolev-H method, was developed for axisymmetric atmospheres with large velocity gradients. The method uses the Stokes parameters to treat the radiation field. It incorporates Hamilton's phase-matrix for resonance scattering by atomic transitions (1947), and thus allows for the polarizing effect of resonance scattering.

The interest in supernova spectropolarimetry is to determine whether supernovae are spherically symmetric or not; the net radiation flux from a spherically symmetric supernovae would not be polarized. A computer program written using the Sobolev-H method calculates the P-Cygni line profiles emerging from homologously expanding atmospheres. A parameter survey of axisymmetric prolate and oblate models has been performed using this program. The survey demonstrates that there is considerable polarization structure associated with the P-Cygni lines. The emission and absorption polarization features have their position angle of polarization shifted from each other by 90° for both prolate and oblate models.

An analysis of the March 6-7 polarization data for Supernova 1987a has been performed. Provided the polarization of 1987a's flux arises from oblate shape asymmetry, the analysis indicates a 50% asymmetry (ξobl = .5). A similar asymmetry would be required if 1987a were prolate. Since the polarization data indicates that an intrinsic continuum polarization exists, a method here called the discretized continuous opacity or DCO method has been devised in order to calculate continuum polarization. Calculations with the DCO method show that good qualitative agreement with the observed continuum polarization may be achievable.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Narrative Tension in I Kings 1-11: A Study of the Structural and Thematic Unity of the Solomonic Narrative

contributor:
Combs, A. E.
Cooper, A. M.
Religious Studies

subject:
Religion
Solomon narrative

abstract: During the past century, historical-critical scholarship on the reign of Solomon (I Kings 1-11) has advanced the argument that the narrative is a heterogeneous mix of material, originating from diverse socio-historical settings. Reasonably enough, critical research on the Solomon narrative has concentrated on a number of compositional or redactional questions. The result of this research, however, is that the narrative itself is no longer read as a unit or as containing a coherent message. The purpose of this thesis is to try to recover the meaning of the narrative through a holistic reading of I Kings 1-11. In particular, the thesis explores the "narrative tension," or "literary inconsistencies" in the text's portrayal of Solomon. The main problem facing the interpreter is to account for the fact that Solomon is both Israel's ideal and its apostate king. The thesis argues that this narrative tension can be explained through a holistic reading of the text, without recourse to an historical-critical analysis. The holistic approach reveals the structural unity of the text; the two dream theophanies to Solomon (3:4-15; 9:1-10) act as fulcrums which balance the narrative in two sections, one pro-Solomon, the other anti-Solomon. The unifying theme of both sections, it is argued, is Solomon's relationship with Torah and Wisdom. The development of that relationship lends a thematic tension to the narrative as well. By explicating these structural and thematic elements, the thesis demonstrates that the narrative tension in the Solomonic material is purposefully contrived. The investigation as a whole reveals that the narrative has a unit and an integrity of its own, from which a coherent message emerges.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Simulation Model of the Potential Contribution of a Competitive Approach to Controlling Health Care Expenditures in Ontario

contributor:
Stoddart, G.L.
Economics / Economic Policy

subject: Economics Economics

abstract:
Assessment of the current performance of the Canadian health care system has led to concern about the capability of current 'treasury-type' management to control health care expenditures can improve the efficiency with which health care is delivered. This thesis builds and employs a stimulation model to illustrate one particular variant of a competitive market reform proposal and investigate its potential for controlling health care expenditures.

The baseline model illustrates a simple formulation of competition between two alternative practice styles within a hypothetical community, under the existing public health insurance plan. Consumers choose to obtain their health care from either capitation reimbursed providers or traditional fee-for-service providers on the basis of an enrollment charge. The enrollment charge reflects differences in the average per capita costs of providing both ambulatory and hospital care to each sector's respective population. The results of the simulation provide the first quantitative estimates of the potential significance of such a policy direction in Canada.

The results indicate that the existence of the capitation modality and the addition of a consumer choice decision can generate significant cost savings. The present value of estimated savings over a ten year period for a community of 80,000 people range from 3 million to 34 million dollars (in 1985 dollars) in the baseline model. The 'best guess' set of parameter values yields an estimate of approximately 31 million dollars.

Extended versions of the baseline model, which include an alternative reimbursement arrangement for the capitation modality and increased competition between the modalities, increase discounted savings in the 'best guess' case to approximately 52 million dollars for the single community. Extrapolation of the results to the province of Ontario yields estimated savings of approximately 1680 million dollars (in 1985 dollars).

Extensive sensitivity analyses on initial parameter values show large variations in potential cost savings. In particular, variations in initial market shares and the initial hospital utilization rate differential between sectors (and to a much lesser extent the enrollment elasticity) can cause large variations in the results. These and other issues identified in the design of the model provide an agenda for future theoretical and empirical work on the subject of publicly financed competition.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Hydrology and Salinity of a Subarctic Coastal Marsh

contributor:
Woo, M.K.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
The hydroIogical and salinity characteristics of a James Bay coastaI marsh were studied to determine the processes which govern water and salt movement. A water balance performed between May and August 1984 showed that rainfall (429 mm) and overland flow from Inland marshes (65 mm) were the important inputs, while streamflow (307 mm) and evaporation (293 mm) were the major losses. Streamflow was extremely variable, and was strongly dependent on the marsh water storage level. Evaporation generally occurred at the potential rate, and groundwater flow had no measurable influence on the water balance.

Groundwater was very important to the salinity regime, however, because it was found to contain relict salt. Pore waters of the clayey Tyrrell Sea sediments which underlie this marsh, and most of the Hudson Bay Lowland had a relative abundance of the heavy isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, indicating the deep pore waters do not originate from the present day meteoric or tidaI waters, but were from the ancient Tyrrell Sea. The relatively high salinity of the fossil salt at depth (20 to 25 kg mˉ³) and the low surface salinity (0 to 2 kg mˉ³) causes pronounced upward moIecuIar diffusion. Near the surface of the marsh, the more permeable upper layer of sediment and peat allow salt to be transported by groundwater flow aIso. This causes salt to be leached from the raised beach ridges, and discharged into the interridge depressions. A modeI of the short-term discharge of this salt indicates that the variability of salt export is almost exclusively dependent on rainfall and evaporation, which determine the rate of water outflow, hence saIt export.

A model of the long term salt and groundwater transport processes along a transect perpendicular to the coast produced a moderate to good fit with the observed data. The modeI verifies the significant role of the marsh topoqraphy on the rate and direction of saIt transport in groundwater, and thus the spatial distribution of salt.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Education Obtained and Occupation Held in Four Industrial Nations

contributor:
Pineo, Peter C.
Denton, Frank T.
Jones, Frank E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This dissertation examines the strength of association between education and occupation, and the relative occupational advantages of particular types of education, in four nations. Comparisons of the strength of association were intended as a partial test of a hypothesis put forward by Featherman, et al. (1975), that mobility processes in Western societies are essetially alike. Comparisons of the relative standing of particular forms of education were designed to test a series of hypotheses derived from Turner's classic distinction between sponsored and contest mobility. Pairwise comparisons between Canada and the other three nations showed that, on the strength of association between education and occupation, only English males differed significantly from Canadians: for the English education and occupation were less strongly linked. Hypotheses derived from Turner were largely confirmed. University degrees were of higher relative standing in England than in Canada and in Canada than in the United States. A selective secondary school program offered greater advantage over a non-selective program in either England or West Germany than an academic high school program offered over a vocational program in Canada. A literature search has revealed no previous multi-nation comparisons of the strength of association in occupation by education tables, and no multi-nation test of the hypotheses derived from Turner. The tests have been made through Goodman's multiplicative Row-Column model, which has not been applied to occupation by education tables in the previously published literature. Standard errors and goodness-of-fit tests were obtained from the stratified multi-stage samples employed through jackknifing, which provides more useful results than those obtained by authors who have treated the stratified multi-stage samples employed in national mobility studies as if they were simple random samples.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Optimal Processing of Impulse Radar Signals for Bridge Deck Inspection

contributor:
Carter, C.R.
Wong, Kon Max
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
Impulse radar possess some attractive features that make it particularly useful in probing objects that are buried, encased in other materials or structures. Testing has demonstrated its potential in the detection of deterioration in concrete bridge deck slabs that are covered with bituminous surfacing. In order to benefit fully from using impulse radar in the bridge deck inspection, however, it is necessary to take advantage of the progress in signal processing techniques. This thesis is an attempt to provide a comprehensive treatment of the optimal extraction of information from the reflected radar signals, as to determine the subsurface structure and condition of the bridge decks. Generally, it follows a statistical estimation approach to the problem.

In this thesis, a parametric representation is derived ti approximate the radar-generated pulses for probing. The asphalt-covered bridge decks are regarded as a system stratified, lossless, and horizontally layered media with each layer being homogeneous and isotropic. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in such a multi-layered media system can be completely determined by a set of characteristic parameters of the media. Under such assumptions, the reflected radar signals may be well described by a delayed sum model which is specified by the characteristic parameters of the media.

Based upon the parametric signal model, a maximum likelihood estimator is formulated to determine the parameters of reflected signals. Computer experiments show that the ML estimation is capable of resolving closely spaced returns in the received signal and producing very accurate parameter estimates. ML estimation of real radar signals reflected from a bridge deck is also performed with success. However, to carry out the ML estimation requires an explicit knowledge of the probability density function of received signal which may not always be available. Moreover, the search for the ML estimates usually involves a global, nonlinar optimization procedure which can be extremely costly in computation time.

To overcome the difficulties with the ML method, a new eigenstructure-based (EB) method for parameter estimation is developed in this thesis. The implementation of the new estimation method requires only the autocovariance of the reflected signal, and it is more efficient in computation than the ML method. Computer simulation demonstrates that the EB method results in very satisfactory estimates at high SNR levels, but it becomes inaccurate when the SNR level is low or the radar returns in the recieved signal are very close spaced in time.

The error performances of the parameter estimators under varous conditions are evaluated and compared via computer simulation. A detailed analysis of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound on the estimation error is performed to gain an insight into how various factors affect the estimation performance.

An alternative to the parameter estimation approach is predictive deconvolution which is developed on a nonparametric model of the reflected signals. In principle, it is an application of Wiener optimal filtering theory to the deconvolution problem. It is observed in Computer simulation that predicative deconvolution is able to resolve returns closely located in time. Its implementation is carried out by simply solving a set of linear, normal equations, and its operation involves only straightforward linear filtering which demands little computation. However, the performance of predictive deconvolution deteriorates quickly in the presence of even a moderate level of noise in the input signal. This weakness may severely restrict its usefulness in practice.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Multi-Channel Optical Network Architectures with Channel Controller Based Media Access Protocols

contributor:
Todd, Terrence D.
Electrical Engineering

abstract: Future photonic data communication networks may be based on emerging wavelength multiplexing (WDM) technology. In such networks, stations communicate using some combination of wavelength agile transmission or reception. Unfortunately, the multiple channel environment tends to increase station optical hardware requirements, and complicate the station media access protocols. In this thesis, a number of new network architectures are presented which use either a fully broadcast and select typology, or a partial broadcast and select typology with wavelength routing. The design objective is the creation of multichannel networks and multichannel single hop packet switched media access protocols, which require a minimal amount of station optical hardware, and minimal media access protocol complexity. This is accomplished through the use of channel controllers which assist in the operation of the network. Channel controllers are able to reduce the volume of network state information that a station is required to track and process, assist stations with their media access protocol, and provide synchronization information. The fully broadcast and select single passive star network, and on of the partial broadcast and select networks require a station to have a single fast discrete tunable transmitter and a single fixed or slow tunable receiver, while two other partially broadcast and select networks require a station to be configured with an additional fixed or slow tunable receiver.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Study of the Genetic Heterogeneity In Roberts Syndrome

contributor:
Tomkins, Darrell J.
Medical Sciences

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract:
Roberts syndrome (RS) is a rare, recessive condition characterized by growth retardation, developmental delay and tetraphocomelia. Some RS patients (RS+), but not others (RS-), exhibit a "puffing" pf the constitutive heterochromatic regions of their chromosones (the "RS effect"). Cells from RS+ patients also show cellular hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents such as mitomycin C (MMC). In the present study, correction of both the RS effect and MMC hypersensitivityin somatic cell hybrids between RS+ and normal lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) supported the hypothesis of an association between the RS effect and mutagen sensitivity in RS+ cells. Somatic cell hybrids between two RS+ LCLs derived from patients with diverse ethnic backgrounds exhibited both the RS effect and MMC hypersensitivity indicating that these patients represent a single complementation group. Somatic cell hybrids between one of the RS+ and two different RS- LCLs demonstrated complete complementation of both the RS effect and MMC hypersensitivity indicating that these patiens represent a single complementation group. Somatic cell hybrids between one of the RS+ and two different RS- LCLs demonstrated complete complementation of both the RS effect and MMC hypersensitivity. These findings suggest that RS+ and RS- patients belong to different complementation groups.

Fanconi anaemia (FA) is another rare, recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation, developmental delay, limb abnormalities and progressive pancytopenia. Cells from FA pateints exhibit both chromosomal and celluar hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents. A study of the sensitivity and mutanility of various LCLs by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) indicated an increased cellular sensitivity and decreased mutability of RS+ LCLs relative to control LCLs. RS-LCLs did not exhibit these phenomena. One FA LCL from complementation group A showed a slightly increased cellular sensitivity but normal mutability. These results suggest hypomutability by EMS may be associated with the RS effect and MMC hypersensitivity.

Somatic cell hybrids were made between one of the RS+ LCLs and an LCL from each of the four known FA complementation groups. Hybrids were examined for correction of MMC hypersensitivity, the RS effect and diepoxybutane-induced chromosome aberrations.

Complementation was observed in hybrids with FA LCLs from complementation groups A,B and D but incomplete correction of chromosomal and cellular sensitivities to crosslinking agents in RS+ x FA C hybrids suggested a genetic association.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A computer Model of Esophageal Electrical Activity

contributor:
Sarna, S. K.
Electrical Engineering

abstract:
A chain of 42 bidirectionally coupled relaxation oscillators was used to model electrical activity in the smooth muscle portion of the opossum esophagus. Each oscillator was represented by two first order nonlinear differential equations. The equations were programmed on a Nova 830 minicomputer to develop the model and to test the responses to various stimuli.

The model simulated distally, proximally and bidirectionally propagated contractions (represented by oscillations at 2.5 Hz) when the pulse representing direct muscle stimulation was applied at the beginning, end or in the middle of the chain. Contractions were not present in the absence of a stimulus. The velocity of propagation increased from 3.6 cm/sec among oscillators representing the upper part of smooth muscle to 1.85 cm/sec among distal oscillators representing the lower part of the smooth esophageal muscle.

The model showed "ON" and "OFF" responses upon depolarization or hyperpolarization of the oscillators. The velocity of propagation of "ON" responses was variable and depended upon the amplitude of the stimulus which was applied to all of the oscillators simultaneously. The velocity of propagation of the "OFF" responses was much faster than that of the "ON" responses when the stimulus was applied to all oscillators. The number of spikes in a burst of "OFF" responses was variable and depended upon the amplitude and the duration of the stimulus applied.

In conclusion, the model simulated all of the characteristics observed in the smooth muscle portion of the opossum esophagus. This includes those which were observed on vagal stimulation and balloon distension. The model also elucidates the mechanism of functioning of the myogenic control system and its modulation by the neuronal control system.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: A Statistical Study of Log-Gamma Distribution

contributor:
Balakrishnan, Narayanaswamy
Mathematics

subject:
Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Physical Sciences and Mathematics

abstract:
In this thesis, we consider the log-gamma distribution and discuss some of its properties. We then study the order statistics from this distribution. We derive the explicit expressions for the means, variances and covariances of order statistics from the distribution for various choices of the shape parameter.

Next, we discuss the following methods of estimation of the unknown location and scale parameters (i) bext linear unbiased estimation based on Type II censored samples, (ii) best linear unbiased estimation based on optimal selected order statistics, (iii) maximum likelihood estimation based on Type II censored samples, (iv) approximate maximum likelihood estimation based on Type II censored samples. We illustrate these estimation procedures through a real-life data set by Lieblein and Zelen (1956).

We also study the construction of the confidence intervals of these parameters. Both conditional and unconditional approaches are discussed and comparison between these two approaches is made. We also discuss the determination of the tolerance limits and confidence limits for the reliability.

After discussing the estimation methods of the location and scale parameters of the log-gamma distribution, we study the estimation method of shape parameter under Type II censoring. We derive the log-likelihood function of the shape parameter and its derivative and hence Newton-Raphson algorithm can be used to obtain the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameter. Asymptotic Fisher information matrix of all three parameters is also derived and so are the asymptotic variances and covariances of the maximum likelihood estimators.

Finally, we study the relation between the log-gamma distribution and record value theory. A bivariate log-gamma model is proposed because of this relation. We also study the record values which come from populations other than log-gamma distribution. Statistical inference based on the record values is also studied.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Building Basic Christian Communities in the Philippines

contributor:
Feit, Harvey A.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis reflects my interest in the role that non-local ideologies play in Third World progressive organizations, as well as my interest in the role of religion in popular political movements. I examine these issues by focussing on a nationally organized Basic Christian Communities program in the Philippines. In this program, which is inspired by the Vatican II and liberation theology, reinterpreted Catholic symbols, narratives and practices form the medium for ideological transferal to target populations.

The thesis is organized according to the social levels at which the BCC-CO program is represented. At the national level I examine historical, political and cultural influences that shape BCC-CO program formation, and at the diocesan (town) and villiage levels I focus on processes that promote either change or orthodoxy as the program is put into practice. These include: the interaction of BCC-CO activists with local knowledge, practices, and goals of elites and peasants; the role of the program mediators; and degress of indigenization and resistance at the local levels. Finally, I evaluate the potential of the BCC-CO program to promote local level social and political change.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Optimal Allocation of Economic Activities Over Space: The Canadian Case

contributor:
Kubursi, A.A.
Butterfield, D.W.
Williams, J.R.
Economics / Economic Policy

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: Canadian regions have not shared equally in the general prosperity of the Canadian economy. There are now a plethora of regional economic policies dealing with regional disparities and unbalanced growth. Two contending principles, however, dominate the choice open to the policy maker -- moving people to jobs, or moving jobs to people -- and there is not yet a satisfactory resolution as to which policy is more effective. In this study an attempt is made to compare the effects of these two policies on the aggregate efficiency of the economy. The question of how to increase the income of the slow growing regions in such a way that it does not interfere with overall economic efficiency is addressed. A linear programming approach is used, where the objective is to maximize the total gross national product of the ten Canadian provinces. To capture all the side effects and to take into account all the bottlenecks that may hamper the growth process, the analysis is conducted within a general equilibrium framework. The trade-off between aggregate efficiency and inter-regionalequity is analyzed within the same framework. The consequences, in terms of efficiency, of equalizing per capita income across provinces are quantified. The major conclusions drawn from this study are that the mobility of factors of production across regions improves considerably the aggregate efficiency of the Canadian economy. In addition, the cross-regional mobility of factors allows interregional equity to be achieved at a relatively low efficiency cost.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Sparse Formulation of Lyapunov Direct Method Applied to Transient Power System Stability

contributor:
El-Kady, Mohamed A.
Findlay, Raymond D.
Electrical Engineering

abstract:
The Transient Energy Function (TEF) method represents a powerful technique to analyze the transient stability of large-scale power systems. Currently, in the applications of the TEF method, the power network is reduced by eliminating all buses and retaining only the internal nodes of the generators. This Reduced Network Formulation (RNF) yields dense (non-sparse) matrices in the computations and consumes significant computational time. This represents a serious drawback of the RNF, especially in applications to large power networks. Also, all system loads are modeled as constant impedance loads in order to use conventional techniques to reduce the network to the internal nodes of the generators. Many loads in practical power systems can be represented as constant power loads. Such loads are conventionally approximated as constant impedance type based on the pre-fault conditions. Consequently, accurate results may not be obtained. Moreover, the TEF is not applicable to very large-scale power systems due to the computer storage related problems (e.g, file paging) and excessive computational time.

A novel formulation of the TEF method, retaining the original structure of the system network, is presented and the associated computerized algorithm is described. All the above mentioned problems are solved using the proposed Sparse Formulation (SF).

The sparse formulation avoids network reduction completely. All matrices used in the calculation of both the Stable Equilibrium Point (SEP) and the Unstable Equilibrium Point (UEP), for which the computational times are dominant in the calculation process of the energy margin (the stability index), are very sparse. This leads to a significant saving in computational time, i.e. the sparse formulation is more efficient as compared with the RNF approach.

The sparse formulation is applied to different (realistic) utility systems of up to 300 generators and 1724 buses. The results prove the superiority of the sparse formulation in contrast with other current methods.

In addition, either constant impedance or constant power load models, or any combination thereof, can be handled explicitly. Considering these actual load models, the stability indices (the critical clearing time and the calculated more accurately.

The proposed technique can handle very large scale power systems which are beyond the scope of RNF approach. Consquently, it enables an improved design methodology of transmission networks by including provision for modeling the network in more detail. Using the sparse formulation, it is possible to perform a transient stability analysis on a microcomputer. This will render coat-effective the use of such analysis throughout the world. Also, a very powerful and robust numerical technique to deal with ill-conditioned power systems is described. Therefore, practical (stressed) power systems can be handled, i.e. the sparse formulation is more reliable than other techniques such as RNF.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Regaining Control: Community Development and Self-Determination in Fort Albany First Nation

contributor:
Feit, Harvey
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This study documents the social process of economic and community development in the Omushkego (Western James Bay Cree) community Fort Albany, Ontario in the period 1994-1997. Informal and formal development planning defines the settlement's relationship to various other locations or social structures: regional and national economies; federal and regional levels of government; the territory drawn together in the traditional mixed economy. I examine these relationships through the experiences of day-to-day life in the settlement, where all community members participate in the mixed economy. The mixed economy encompasses harvesting and market oriented production within codes of reciprocity within the extended family. Residential households are thus interdependent in every feature of daily life, and this sharing ensures economic stability. Sharing resources, technology and work permits households to achieve self-sufficiency while individuals demonstrate their competence. The significant features of the mixed economy are thus at once economically and socially valuable, features that are promoted in community and economic development in the settlement. It is by making a link between the existing, distinctive settlement economy and development that the community strives to achieve social, political and economic authority within relations that often exploit and marginalize the settlement. Formal development strategies improve settlement infrastructure, and strengthen settlement institutions in ways that are consistent with the values of the mixed economy: increasing access to the means to be self-sufficient and to acquire competence. This settlement's entrepreneurs perform informal development, providing for their extended family, reproducing the values of the mixed economy and reducing outside exploitation of the settlement's cash economy. At both levels, locally invented development is a route to settlement self-sufficiency and self-determination, a conclusion framed here in the recommendations of the Final Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)