title: Studies in Vergil's Third Georgic

subject: third book of the Georgics, Vergil, farming, maintenance of land, planting, Italy, corruption, vision of civilization, moral, love, death

abstract:
In this dissertation I have offered studies on selected aspects of the third book of the Georgics, the second 'published' work of Vergil. The Georgics is a didactic poem in four books in which Vergil presents a discussion of various aspects of farming, advice on the maintenance of the land, the planting of crops with special attention to the cultivation of the vine and the olives and the keeping of livestock and bees. At various points in his presentation, Vergil suspends his didactic approach to offer comment on contemporary problems, the political corruption and chaos evident throughout all of Italy. These editorial intrusions by the concerned poet have prompted modern critics to transcend the limited critical approach which views the Georgics as nothing more than an agricultural manual in verse, and to appreciate the broader philosophic design of the poem. Within the technical framework of his poem Vergil is offering a vision of civilization with important moral and political implications for his age.
In spite of this enlightened critical approach to the poem as a whole, the third book of the Georgics has suffered from scholarly neglect. Structurally its position in the poem is crucial: Vergil abandons the preoccupations with the vegetable world and inanimate Nature which characterize books I and II, and turns to animate representatives of Nature, cattle, horses, sheep, and goats, whose lives are marked by passionate involvement and turmoil. The principal themes of book III are love and death, and although Vergil never directly abandons his preoccupation with animals, I believe that he does intend his discussion to have important moral and political implications for men as well. In my study of the third Georgic I have emphasized a vital political direction for Georgic III: Vergil uses his agricultural material as metaphor and the principal representatives of the domestic agrarian world as symbols in his vision of concern for the fate of Rome and all of Italy.
I have begun my study with a consideration of the changing agricultural patterns in the Italian peninsula during the last two centuries of the Republic in order to expose the glaring discrepancy between patterns of land utilization in peninsular Italy in the late Republic and the simple, subsistence farming which Vergil discusses in the Georgics. Vergil was aware of the agricultural conditions of his age and obviously did not intend his treatise to be interpreted literally as a technical manaal. A close comparison of his technical material with the agricultural discussion provided by Varro in the De Re Rustica, Vergil's principal source for his agricultural precepts, offers strong evidence of a basic disparity between the sophisticated artistic presentation of the third Georgie and the uninspiring prosaic aspects of his subject matter, and additional proof that Vergil intends a broader design for the third Georgie, a philosophic statement about man and the world.
This broad direction is confinned by a consideration of the echoes of Lucretius' philosophic poem, the De Rerum Natura, which we find in Georgie III. Lucretius introduced a discussion of sex and plague into his own poem and Vergil profitsfran the example of his predecessor. But he never resorts to slavish imitation, but leaves behind Lucretius' preoccupation with abstract philosophical principles to offer his own vision of hope in a living ruler, Octavian.
The ultimate message of Georgie III is intrinsically connected with the final book of the series. With his discussion of apiculture Vergil offers a vision of order, control, and political comnunity which cancels his earlier concerns with disorder and divisive passion.
In the epyllion which concludes the poem, Vergil turns directly to the world of men, Aristaeus, the farmer, and Orpheus, the poet. With the miraculous tale of bougonia, the resurrection of a swarm of healthy new bees from the rotting corpse of a steer, Vergil offers a dramatic representation of regeneration which dispels the pessimistic obsession with death with which book III concludes, and signals optimistic hope for the political future of Rome. The tragic story of Orpheus, on the other hand, confirms Vergil's earlier judgment on passion and its destructive hold on the lives of men. At the same time, with the figure of Orpheus, Vergil considers the role of the poet in society and raises an issue which is not resolved concerning the possibilities for creative expression in the new regime.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Following Both Sides: Processes of Group Formation in Vitu

contributor:
Rodman, W.L.
Anthropology

subject:
society
Vitu culture
Melanesia
patrilineal descent
matrilineal descent
cognatic descent

abstract:
 A number of anthropological studies have been published on societies on the West New Britain mainland but little information is available about Vitu culture and society. The intention of this dissertation is to provide an account of Vitu social structure and particularly to describe and analyse the processes of group formation in the society. Specifically, the study attempts to elucidate the Vitus' claim that while they belong to matrilineal clans, they "follow both sides", inheriting rights from both parents.

 Anthropologists working in various parts of Melanesia have studied accommodation between two apparently incompatible cultural principles and have published studies of societies where patrilineal and cognatic descent are both organizing principles. This dissertation provides comparative data for these studies but it differs from them because it seeks to explain the relationships between roatrilineal and cognatic descent.

 After an historical introduction, the study describes matrilineal and cognatic ideologies in Vitu. Matrilineal descent divides Vitus into discrete categories and provides a conceptual frame-work, in terms of which people orient themselves in time and space, calculate social relationships and assess rights to claim membership in particular groups. Cognatic descent allows individuals considerable freedom in joining groups and gaining access to land. Vitus assert rights in matrilineal corporations by stressing cognatic descent from matrilineage·men.

 Cognatic inheritance of land-rights means that lineage members and lineage descendants share land. Membersof the two categories compete for resources, and tensions are exacerbated by a cultural preference that "the woman follows the man". This preference results in virilocal residence and a pattern of economic cooperation that allows women limited control over their land. These factors weaken the matrilineage and strengthen bonds among cognates. Lineage members cannot expel lineage descendants from their land. Instead they retain land for their lineages through strategic marriages. Each lineage becomes the centre of a limited marriage universe consisting of closely allied lineages exchanging women and land.

 The traditional political organization of Vitu was related to the patterns of descent and alliance in the society. The islands were divided into hostile, largely endogamous territories, each containing two or more relatively endogamous groups composed of members of closely allied lineages. Local communities consisted of cognaticallyrelated kinsmen who were members of intermarrying lineages. The symbolism of ceremonial exchange in Vitu continues to reflect values of balanced exchange of property and personnel between allied lineages. In the contemporary society, marriage patterns still include clan exogamy and reciprocal exchange of women. But some young people arrange their own marriages, and lineage leaders and elders worry about the future of the matrilineage as a land-holding corporation.

 The interaction of matrilineal and cognatic descent in the processes of group formation in Vitu contrasts with that in other areas of Melanesia. In the New Guinea Highlands, recruitment to local groups is bilateral, but Highlanders conceptualize local groups as patrilineal clans. In the Highlands, descent and residence patterns tend to be harmonic. So acconunodation between patrilineal and cognatic ideologies occurs in ascendant generations where the distinction between residence and clan membership becomes blurred. In Vitu, the disharmonic descent and residence rules require the distinction between local group, and lineage membership to be preserved. Adjustment between matrilineal and cognatic descent in Vitu occurs only through marriage.

 The aissertation concludes by stressing the considerable choice available to Vitus in joining social groups. Opportunities for joining a variety of groups may beas great in societies where unilineal descent is a significant factor as in societies where cognatic descent is a major organizing principle.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Narrative Technique Within Song of Songs

contributor:
Cooper, Alan
Religious Studies

subject: song of songs, unity, disunity, voices, thematic relationship, love

abstract: The thesis presents one approach to reading the Song of Songs as a unified composition. The first chapter examines the various arguments for unity and disunity that have been put forth in the history of the Song's interpretation. Although no definitive structure based on patterns of repetition seems possible in the Song, the chapter argues that the complex web of repetition in the text points to a unified composition. The second chapter explores the possibility of a regulating structure based on the interaction of voices in the Song. After outlining the various genres evident in the Song, as well as the speaker-addressee relationships within these genres, the chapter argues that such a regulating structure is to be found in the Song's unified discourse setting. This discourse setting consists of two lovers who interact with the Daughters of Jerusalem. The third chapter examines some of the implications of such a unified discourse setting for the interpretation of the Song. The chapter suggests that while the discourse setting is consistent throughout the work, two distinct fictive realms are apparent within the text: one fictive realm deals with the escapades of two lovers; a second fictive realm presents the endeavors of Solomon. The chapter argues for an explanatory relationship between the block of material pertaining to Solomon and the discourse setting of the work. The block of material pertaining to Solomon, because it features the Daughters of Jerusalem as characters, has particular relevance for the Daughters as they reside in the discourse setting of the work. The chapter also argues for a thematic relationship between the stories about Solomon and the narratives and lyrics which deal with the two lovers. The love poetry serves to mold the reader's evaluation of particular images which recur within the Solomonic material. The discourse setting and the two distinct fictive realms work together to convey a negative evaluation of Solomon's treatment of the Israelites, represented metaphorically as the Daughters of Jerusalem within the Song.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Examining the Impact of Childhood Trauma and Genetic Risk Factors on Myelin Integrity in Major Depression Disorder: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

contributor:
Hall, Geoff
Neuroscience

subject:
Major Depressive Disorder
DTI
Childhood Trauma
5-HTTLPR
BDNF
Antidepressant Response

abstract: Early life stress has been found to be a strong predictor of depression severity, with genetic risk factors such as the serotonin transporter promotor (5-HTTLPR) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms moderating depression development. Our investigation aims to extend these findings to examine the impact of depression severity, genetic risk factors, and childhood maltreatment on neuronal connectivity changes using tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tractography. Fifty-five medication-free patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) [x̅ age: 36.4, M/F: 22/33] and 18 controls [x̅ age: 33.2, M/F: 8/10] underwent diffusion tensor imaging scanning, genotyping and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionairre. Corrected TBSS findings revealed trends toward significantly reduced FA in the right anterior internal capsule [p=0.051], fornix [p=0.085] and right anterior corona radiata [p=0.084] in the MDD group. Probabilistic tractography analysis examined fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Individuals scoring high in depression severity and who experienced severe childhood physical neglect (PN) and emotional neglect (EN) had higher FA in the uncinate  [PN: p=0.003, EN: p=0.029] and superior longitudinal fasciculus [PN: p=0.0748], with BDNF and 5-HTTLPR moderating these associations. BDNF polymorphisms also exhibited a stronger impact on uncinate FA in individuals with high depression severity, with val-BDNF exhibiting higher FA than met carriers [p=0.021]. In conclusion, MDD patients exhibit widespread decreases in FA across many neural regions. Furthermore, the impact that depression severity has on FA is considerably influenced by early life neglect.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Deflationary Approaches to Scepticism

contributor:
Griffin, Nicholas
Philosophy

subject: Philsosphy Scepticism

abstract:
This dissertation examines a traditional philosophical problem within a novel framework. The so-called "problem of the external world" is a problem about how knowledge, and even reasonable belief, about the world are possible, and it is best characterized as the challenge to show how and why scepticism about the external world -the absurd view that such knowledge is impossible -is incorrect. My framework for the examination of this problem involves two major elements.
The first element involves a general characterization of the nature of "perennial" philosophical problems, like the problem of the external world, that attempts to isolate the specific features that render them problematic, which, in turn, isolates what is required for their solutions. Applying this characterization to the problem of the external world, the second element of the framework involves distinguishing between two approaches for the solving of the problem, which I label "constructive" and "deflationary," and establishing why the latter approach is preferable. I further distinguish between two general types of deflationary approaches -"therapeutic diagnosis," and "theoretical diagnosis''' -and examine in detail what I take to be the major representatives of each strategy. In the process I offer novel critical interpretations of the work of G.E. Moore and Ludwig Wittgenstein, as well as some of the first detailed critical discussions of recent responses to scepticism by Hilary Putnam and Michael Williams. My general aim is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of both deflationary approaches as responses to scepticism. I argue that all of these attempts to solve the problem are unsatisfactory, and that the challenge to show why scepticism about the external world is incorrect has not yet been met. However, and this is perhaps the most important contribution of the dissertation, I hope to have shown where we should and should not look to meet the challenge.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Senatorial History and the Principate of Domitian

contributor:
Salmon, E.T.
History

subject:
Domition
Senatorial history

abstract:
The emperor Domitian has until quite recently suffered from a very unfavorable historical reputation. Doubt has now been cast upon the merit of specific aspects of this tradition, but there still has been no attempt to analyze it as a whole. This dissertation was undertaken for the purpose of examining the formative stages of the tradition and determining the precise reasons for Domitian's condemnation.
The origin of this unfavorable tradition may be traced back to the period immediately after Domitian's assassination, when his memory was formally condemned by the Senate, and specifically to two senatorial critics, Tacitus and Pliny the Younger. Accordingly, the first three chapters of this dissertation are devoted to a point by point analysis of their respective portraits of Domitian.
Tacitus' Agricola is the subject of chapter one. Criticism of Domitian is limited for the most part to the prologue (chapters 1-3), the narrative of Agricola's life in Rome after his return from Britain (chapters 39-42), and the epilogue (chapters 43-46). Tacitus' characterization of Domitian as a deceitful emperor who was jealous and afraid of his subordinates proves to be unwarranted, the product of malice, innuendo, half-truths, and lies. Writing in the immediate aftermath-of Domitian's assassination, his purpose seems to have been to defend his loyal service to the ~
publica during Domitian's reign while acquitting himself of
any suspicion of collusion with the tyrant, from whom he
benefited politically.
Chapter two analyzes four scenes in Tacitus' Historiae whioh involve Domitian-the bellum Capitoli~, the sacking of Rome by the Flavian army, Domitian's conduct in Rome during his urban praetorship, and his conduct while on campaign with Mucianus in Gaul-and compares them with the contrasting account of the pro-Flavian writer Iosephus. While neither historian's account of the bellum Capitolinum is found to be totally reliable, Iosephus' narrative of the last three scenes is the more accurate of the two accounts. Here Tacitus once again resorts to serious distortion of fact to produce a characterization of Domitian consistent with imperial propaganda and the senatorial drunnatio memoriae.
The Epistulae and Panegyricus of Pliny the Younger are the subject of chapter three. Pliny's political career had also prospered under Domitian, and his shrill condemnation of the deceased emperor constitutes a transparent attempt to placate those who believed that he had served too enthusiastically and profited too much. Epistula iv.11, an account of the trial and condemnation of the vestal Cornelia, is his only attempt at a narrative treatment of Domitian's crimes in the Letters. There Pliny uses the same methods of distortion employed by Tacitus'in the Agricola, but with less subtlety and consistency. In the Panegyricus, Pliny emphasizes Trajan's virtues-the traditional virtues of the good princeby contrasting them with five rhetorical vices ascribed to Domitian: cowardice, arrogance, cruelty, avarice, and hostility to virtue. In each instance Pliny is compelled seriously to distort the evidence in order to make his portrait of Domitian conform to the rhetorical model of the tyrant.
Given the inaccuracy of the accounts of Tacitus and Pliny, in chapter four an attempt is made to trace the evolution of Domitian's relationship with the Senate, and to determine the precise aspects or his policy and personal behavior which caused thelr relationship to break down. It is argued that during the early years of the reign their relationship was amicable, but that it was during this period that Domitian was persuaded by his lack of auctoritas to pursue policies meant to strengthen his position which in fact proved detrimental to it. His monopoly of the eponymous consulship, his arrogation of the censorial power for life, and his courtship of the army and neglect of the Senate, combined with his tactless fondness for display of the trappings of monarchy, aroused sufficient discontent and resentment in the Senate in 84-85 A.D. to spawn conspiracies. Two serious conspiracies originating within the Senate were suppressed in 87 and 89 A.D., with the elimination of both active conspirators and potential but unproven rivals. With the subsequent destruction of the Stoic party in 93, Domitian revealed an inflexible determination to stifle even the most harmless forms of senatorial 9pposition. The atmosphere of repression which existed within the Senate during the last three years
of the reign was sui'ficiently severe for most senators to believe that they were exposed to a reign of terror. The
drunnatio memoriae which followed Domitian's assassination, and the subsequent unfavorable literary tradition attached to his name, were a reaction to the severe repression of this
three year period.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Words of Institution: Jesus' Death as Eschatological Passover Sacrifice

contributor:
Meyer, Dr. Ben F.
Religious Studies

subject:
Jesus' death
Passover sacrifice

abstract:
How Jesus understood his death is an important datum for the reconstruction of· the aims of Jesus. Having experienced the rejection of his message of the Kingdom of God, Jesus found himself in a situation of crisis, wherein he was forced to reflect on the theological significance of his failure. He came to the conclusion that it was God's will that his death be an expiation for sin. This is how he incorporated his death into his understanding of his role as
the messenger of
the Kingdom of God.
If the
historian
does
not
take
Jesus'
understanding
of
his
death
into
consideration,
his
reconstruction of
the aims
of
Jesus
will
necessarily be
truncated.
In
particular,
Jesus
came
to
understand
his
approaching death in the light of Jewish paschal theology. He viewed the sacrifice of the Passover lambs in Egypt as typological of his own death. In like manner, his death would be a redemptive event, being both an expiation for sin and the means by which the new covenant, foretold by Jeremiah, would be realized. Appropriately enough, he expressed this to his disciples at his last Passover meal. Jesus' understanding of the significance of his death parallels the Jewish tradition of the Binding of Isaac. In post-biblical Judaism, Isaac's sacrifice or at least his willingness to be sacrificed was interpreted as expiatory and as the ground of the efficacy of the original Passover offerings. Similarly, Jesus saw his own death as expiatory
and
the
typological
fulfilment of the
original
Passover
offerings.
The
words
of
institution,
moreover,
represent
the
establishment by Jesus of a new liturgical practice in continuity with the Passover, reflecting his self-understanding of being the eschatological messenger of God.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Struggle for Liberation in the Therigatha

contributor:
MacQueen, Graeme
Religious Studies

subject: struggle, liberation, therigatha

abstract: Some words difficult to read due to highlighting in thesis.

abstract: Abstract Not Provided

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Scepticism and Metaphilosophy

subject: Philsosphy Scepticism

abstract:
Scepticism, taken as a challenge to the possibility of justifying knowledge claims in general, has a history perhaps as long and varied as attempts to construct positive theories of knowledge. The relation that holds between scepticism and the rest of epistemology is often assumed to be straightforwardly adversarial. However, in light of the widespread "end or transformation" debate within epistemology in recent decades, the proliferation of sophisticated scholarship concerning scepticism and justification may be taken as a prima facie endorsement of the continuing vitality of traditional epistemology.
The publication in 1984 of Barry Stroud's The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism, focused interest in the epistemological community on the burden of specifically modem (global, post-Cartesian, external world) scepticism. However, during the overlapping two decades since Significance, the influence of Richard Rorty's work (particularly Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature published in 1979) has led to a growing suspicion that epistemology has neither a stable nor defensible mandate. In this thesis, I try to connect the two discussions in a novel way, by arguing that the metaphilosophical problems arising from the stalemate I diagnose in the vibrant contemporary scepticism debate does not suggest that epistemology as a discipline is robustly healthy. I characterize metaphilosophical issues as a cluster of concerns involving the methodology, nature, aim, self image and criteria of satisfaction of doing philosophy. Most generally, metaphilosophy is a philosophical exploration of the nature of philosophy; more specifically, it deals with the expectations and aspirations of inquiry.
David Hume is rightly remembered as a thoughtful exponent of the power of sceptical reasoning. More recently, he has been recognized for his influential attempt to develop a naturalistic theory of belief that serves to explain how we form and tenaciously cling to our most deeply held beliefs-despite our inability to rationally justify them. I contend that there are metaphilosophical lessons to be learned from Hume's struggle to maintain and defend the theoretical invulnerability of scepticism, despite his evident discomfort adjusting to the potential consequences of such a position. Michael Williams has been an insightful critic of the "pessimism" that he detects in the work of Stroud and "the New Humeans." I outline the major issues in his exchange with Stroud, and evaluate the strengths of each position. I also argue that Williams' "contextualism" fails to rescue epistemology in any substantial way from the fundamental sceptical challenges that can be raised. For each of the central philosophers under consideration (David Hume, Barry Stroud, and Michael Williams), I construct an account of what I call their criteria of satisfaction. The specific classification of particular criteria is much less important here than the metaphilosophical lesson that I extract from the nature of the frequent clashes between different epistemologist's favoured criteria.
Into the contemporary debate about modem scepticism, I introduce ancient
sceptical concerns like the "problem of the criterion" and the Five Modes of Agrippa,
which serve to illustrate the importance of long-standing sceptical metaphilosophical
considerations for this discussion. I contend that these ancient problems can help clarify the nature of the contemporary stalement in the debate about modem scepticism. Even if epistemologists become dissatisfied with what they take to be the criteria of satisfaction of the traditional project, motivating the adoption of revised criteria of satisfaction will still encounter grave difficulties.
Finally, I discuss possible morals to be drawn from the wider metaphilosophical concerns. I ultimately argue that the remarkably active state of contemporary literature about scepticism should not be mistaken as a straightforward positive indicator of the continued health of philosophical theories of knowledge. To the contrary, an examination of the metaphilosophical issues surrounding scepticism reveals even more urgent problems with the inherent variability and instability of epistemic criteria of satisfaction. An exploration of these issues threatens to lead if not to metaphilosophical scepticism, then at least to a thorough reevaluation of the nature and self-image of the epistemological project.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Negation as a Level of Meaning in Mark's Gospel

contributor:
Sanders, Dr. E.P.
Religious Studies

subject:
Marks gospel
Religion

abstract:
It is the thesis of this study that a basic level of negation exists in the Gospel of Mark. This level of negation is at least as important to the literary structure as is the level of affirmation. The level of affirmation has been recognized for twenty centuries. During all of that time it overrode the negative. The procedure of subsuming negative elements of the gospel under the affirmative has been so obvious that no one could seriously attempt to discredit it. However, the negative level has not been allowed to carry the weight it actually bears within the text. Scholars have been reluctant to allow the weight of the negations to assume full significance.
In this study Mark's presentation of Jesus has been examined on the affirmative and on the negative levels. Then supporting evidence for the negative level has been examined. The first task results in a Markan portrait of Jesus which provides a sequential look at each of the two levels. This is a single portrait the negative aspect of which is taken seriously.
Following the portrait, the major part of the work involves presenting evidence of the negative level. This negative level is examined beginning with the most obvious and easily acceptable arguments and ending with evidence which can only be considered possible. Chief among the soundest arguments are the contrast with John the Baptizer and the study of the various groups who fail to understand Jesus. Evidence which is strong but less definitive includes the enigma of the final pericope (16:1-8), the lack of resurrection narratives, the treatment of miracles, and the limiting of witnesses. Evidence which can only be considered possible is found in the secrecy commands, in the role of the crowd and in the passive portrayal of Jesus in key episodes.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Everybody A Soldier Movement During the Great Leap Forward, 1958-1964

contributor:
Pringsheim, Klaus
Political Science

subject: Soldier movement

subject: 1958-1964

abstract:
This thesis analyses the development, interrelations, and the roles of the "Everybody-A-Soldier" Movement (EASNI) in China between 1958 and 1964, which is a major cornerstone of the militarization of Chinese society, wl\ich, in turn, is seen as a unique strategy of Chinese Communist development.
The basic assumption of this thesis is that a strong political organization, to strengthen the capacity of a political system in order to promote political stability, political integration, and socio-economic development, is of primary importance. Most developing countries badly need but often lack political stability, integrati0n, and. satisfactory economic development in the process of modernization, which is a prevailing political th1:;me in developing countries. According to this thesis, the EASM system, among other things, is nicely to solve these problems.
It is contended that the EASM system aid not happen just because Mao Tse-tung wished it. It was brought about by the contemporary internal and external political developments in China and by special historical circumstances that promoted the emergence of the system.
Any socio-political system necessarily affects, and is affected by, the environment in which it exists. The thesis this analyzer's the institutional factors of the EASM in order to explore its interrelationships with other systems. In analysing the roles of the militia, this thesis finds that the EASM in China has helped the Communist Party of China to consolidate its political support and thus its political control in the countryside. It has halted political insurrections in the countryside, which used to be the hothouse of political insurrections.
The EASM by enrolling the majority of the Chinese labour force in the militia organization, has helped the Communist Party of China to mobilize and organize coordinated actions of large numbers oi people in pursuing economic development and other social reforms which are of primary importance to a capital-short country such as China.
The possible role of the EASM in future wars is discussed along with the military functions of the militia. Accoraing to the thesis, the militia has played a successful role in war and will continue to be useful in the future.
My analysis has to a considerable aegree confirmed my propositions. I also perceived in the conclusion of my study that the militia organization would change toward a more limited role and insignificant status as the 0ommunist Party of China becomes more routinized and institutionalizea, and Chinese modernization makes significant progress.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Conversion of Skepticism in Augustine's Against the Academics

contributor:
Kroeker, Dr. P. Travis
Religious Studies

subject:
Augustine's Against the Academics
Skepticism

abstract: This thesis examines Augustine's relation to Academic Skepticism through a detailed commentary on the dialogue Against the Academics. In it is demonstrated the significance of epistemological themes for Augustine and their inseparability from practical and religious concerns. It is also shown how these issues unfold within the logic of Augustine's trinitarianism, which informs the argument even of his earliest works. This, in turn, demonstrates the depth of the young Augustine's engagement with Christian categories in works often thought to be determined wholly, or almost wholly, by the logic of Plotinian Neo-Platonism.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: William Ernest Hocking's Theory of the Reconccption of Christianity

contributor:
Vallee, Gerard
Religious Studies

subject:
William Ernest Hocking
Christianity

abstract:
In 1940, William Ernest Hocking (1873-1966), professor of the history and philosophy of religion at Harvard University, proposed a model for the reconception of Christianity which would make of it a vehicle for the creation of world community. Hocking was convinced that the attempts at the "radical displacement" of other religions by Christianity which was the usual Christian mission effort, was a disservice to the universal religions and the living religions of indigenous peoples as well as to Christianity because it did not demand that Christian thinking continue to grow. A simple synthesis of other living religions was too "romantic" for Hocking. He opted for a "sharing process" which would result not only in an authentic conservation and reconception of Christianity, but of the other living religions as well.
The question which guides this dissertation is whether or not Hocking's theory of the reconception of Christianity is a workable model which does make of it a harbinger of world community. Because experience plays such a major role in Hocking's theory the dissertation begins with key experiences of his life which contributed to his theory of reconception. It then moves to an explanation of his philosophy of religion, variously described as idealistic-mysticism, or philosophical mysticism, because for Hocking the mystic is key to his reconception theory. The essence of Christianity which must be retained in any reconception of it is explained in the terms chosen by Hocking, and the need he saw for a de-westernization of Christianity is explored. Hocking's model of reconception is then described. The concluding chapter demonstrates the applicability of Hocking's model not only for Christianity but for the other living religions.
This dissertation does not propose a new model for the reconception of Christianity but has the far more modest aim of elaborating on one that is already available, and that is consistent, realistic, and, with a few corrections, might be of great utility in an era which increasingly needs to deal with personal, national, and religious individualisms which often hamper rather than effect world community.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Translation and Study of the Purnavadana

contributor:
Granoff, Dr. P
Religious Studies

subject: Purnavadana Translation

abstract:
The Buddhist avadanas comprise a body of literature of enormous extent. Found in rudimentary form in the sutragamas, by the early centuries of the Common Era, they began to circulate as independent narratives. The Theravadin school incorporated them into their commentaries (afthakathas) on the pitakas. Other schools, such as the Sarvastivadins, included them in their Vinaya. Thousands of Sanskrit avadanas are extant in manuscript collections, but most remain unedited and untranslated. Yet considerable evidence attests to their popularity over a period of several centuries. The Pur~avadana is one of half a dozen avadanas found in all the extant recensions of the Divyavadana. Moreover, it is one of only two avadanas which invariably occurs in the same place (as the second story) in all the recensions. The Purna-story is also found in the Tibetan translation of the Mulasarvastivadin Vinaya, in a number of versions in the Pali commentaries, and elsewhere. The principle aims of this thesis are twofold: (1) to provide for the first time an English translation of the Purnavadana; and (2) demonstrate, through a 'close reading' of the text, the validity of literary analysis as an approach to the study of the avadana-literature.
Literary analysis has become increasingly important in the study of Biblical narrative. However, studies of Buddhist narrative have remained largely historical and text-critical. In studying the Purnavadana, my working assumption is that the fullest understanding of the text as a religious document is dependent upon fully comprehending how it functions as a literary work. This requires analysis of narrative point-of-view, allegorical elements, patterns of imagery, dialogue, irony, diction, narrative analogy, 'type-scenes', and other literary strategies. At the same time, I recognize that in order to be correctly interpreted, a text requires a context, and in Parts I-III as well as in the annotations to the translation I have provided necessary historical, philological, generic and doctrinal information. The avadana-literature is the largest corpus of Buddhist Sanskrit texts available to us. It is also one of the more extensive bodies of ancient Indian story-literature. The avadanas were widely disseminated and presented people with foci for piety and ritual, educated them in the doctrine, provided models for personal conduct, depicted paradigmatic forms of religious practice, served to authenticate local Dharma traditions, celebrated important figures in the tradition, and, last but not least, entertained. This study points to a new direction in Buddhist textual studies, for a considerable proportion of Buddhist literature is narrative of one sort or another, and much can be learned by adopting a literary approach to the study of a variety of Buddhist texts, canonical and noncanonical.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Studies of a CANDU-PHW Reactor Core Containing an Annulus of Enriched Uranium

title: Part A: McMaster (Off-Campus) Project

type:
Technical Report
Thesis

contributor:
Kay, R.E.
Engineering Physics

subject:
computer studies
CANDU-PHW reactor
fuel costs
power peaking
uranium
hybrid

abstract: One of two project reports: The other part is designated Part B: On-Campus Project

abstract: Computer studies are made of a CANDU-PHW reactor core containing an annulus of enriched uranium around a central zone of natural uranium. For hybrid cores of this type with a maximum radial form factor, the uranium requirements, fuel costs, stability, and power peaking upon refuelling are investigated. It is found that these hybrid cores offer potential savings of 10% to 20% in fuel costs and uranium utilization compared to the present CANDU-PHW core, and are only slightly less stable. However, power peaking upon refuelling is a problem with these cores.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Promoting Independence in Learning of Gifted Adolescents

contributor:
Ferns, J.
Richardson, J.
Teaching

subject: giftedness, independent learning, classroom experience, curriculum, opportunities, three-stage model, OAC,

abstract:
Although this project refers to theory and literature about giftedness and independent learning, it is based primarily on narratives of classroom experience. The key belief is that the best way to build on the strengths and meet the needs of adolescent gifted learners is for the teachers involved to create a classroom learning climate and curriculum which coaches those students towards independent learning. Such a climate and curriculum provide opportunities for gifted adolescents to reach their potential.
An adaptable and practical three-stage model for designing such a curriculum is provided. By integrating self-and teacher assessment and evaluation throughout three stages of curriculum, the model provides opportunities for students to develop the skills necessary for independent learning.
Three narratives of my own experiences in using the three-stage model outlined above are provided. The three situations include the role of classroom teacher of OAC English, co-author of a literature anthology and teacher resource for grade nine destreamed English classes, and facilitator of an Interdisciplinary Autonomous Learner programme for gifted/highly able adolescent learners. Thus, the three-stage curriculum model has been used and shown to be effective.
My own, and my students' experiences in using the model, and the common ground discovered in all three roles, form the basis of the recommendations being made in the final chapter. Practical recommendations are made to teachers who are interested in implementing a curriculum which promotes independent learning for gifted adolescents.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Argentum Potorium in Romano-Campanian Wall-Painting

contributor:
Dunbabin, K.M.D.
Classical Studies

subject:
Argentum Potorium
Romano-Campanian Wall-Painting

abstract:
The first centuries BC and AD encompassed the first great period of Roman silverware
production. Wall-paintings, surviving pieces, and textual references all testify to the importance
of silverware, in particular the silver vessels and implements used in the preparation, service, and
drinking of wine, during this period. Besides the functional aspects, possession of silverware
served also as an indicator of one's wealth and status.
In a number of wall-paintings with banqueting or related themes, primarily from
Campania but also from Rome, silverware plays a prominent role. The painted vessels are often
viewed, by modern scholars, as representative of the kinds of vessels then current in the Roman
world, as if the painters were using actual pieces for models. This provides the point of departure
for this dissertation, a detailed study of drinking silver in Romano-Campanian wall-painting.
Such a study reveals more than just whether or not the painters were closely copying
actual vessels; it is, in fact, argued here that such copying was not part of their usual procedure.
The paintings also reveal what kinds of vessels were considered relevant in a banqueting context,
and at times, how these vessels were used. Other areas onto which the paintings cast light include
the working methods in general of the painters, the question of prototypes and their possible
contents, and the role of the patron.
The paintings studied in this dissertation cannot be divorced from Roman wall-paintings
as a whole. The conclusions drawn here, therefore, have relevance for all Roman wall-paintings
and, to some degree, for Roman art in general.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Communication without words: Understanding the implications of temporal structure for auditory perception

contributor:
Schutz, Michael
Psychology

subject:
amplitude envelope
auditory perception
ecological acoustics

abstract:
Amplitude envelope is an important aspect of auditory perception. As one article included (Chapter 3) goes into great detail regarding this, it will not be discussed here. Included are two articles that explore the importance and influence of amplitude envelope in auditory perception research.
The first article (Chapter 2) explores the role of amplitude envelope in an associative memory task, with the aim of improving the associability of auditory alarms in medical devices. Although we found no difference in performance based on amplitude envelope, the paper discusses the patterns of incorrect alarm identification and identifies potential sources of confusion. While this was not our initial goal, we feel this article is a valuable contribution that connects two distinct fields: music cognition and alarm design.
The second article  (Chapter 3) encompasses a meta-analysis, surveying the temporal structure of sounds used in auditory perception research, namely in the journal Attention, Perception & Psychophysics. This articles discusses several studies in which amplitude envelope has categorically influenced experimental outcomes and suggests that the standard ‘flat’ temporal structure (i.e. abrupt onset, period of sustain and abrupt offset) may not be the best way to evaluate the auditory system. The goal of this article is to determine what proportion of studies are using the standard ‘flat’ tones vs. other types of temporal structures we may encounter during everyday listening. These two articles collectively illustrate the original research I have completed on amplitude envelope during my Master’s Degree.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Circumcision as Metaphor in Pauline Perspective

contributor:
Westerholm, Stephen R.
Religious Studies

subject:
Metaphor
Pauline Perspective

abstract: This thesis examines the metaphorical appropriation of the symbol of circumcision in the Pauline corpus. It begins by suxveying the references to circumcision (both literal and metaphorical) in the Jewish literature of the Second Temple period, and by summarising Paul's treatment of the subject of physical circumcision. A detailed examination of the circumcision metaphors in three specific texts (Rom 2:25-29, Phil 3:3, and Col 2: 11-12) follows. One theme which unites all three passages is the recognition of circumcision's ongoing significance in some form. Nevertheless, the three texts employ the image of circumcision in different ways. Rom 2:25-29 draws on material from the LXX to redraw the covenantal boundaries which define the people of God. Phil 3:3 appears to brandish the symbol polemically, countering those who would insist on the necessity of physical circumcision, but likely operates within the same Pauline framework found in Romans. Col 2: 11-12 parallels Philo by showing very little interest in the connection between circumcision and covenant, and exploiting the more manifest implications of the circumcision ritual; this suggests that Colossians manifests either a different aspect of Paul's thought or the perspective of another writer.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "A Thousand Nameless Flowers Among the Grass": The Hidden Discourse of Ann Radcliffe

contributor:
Morton, Richard
English

subject: female Gothic, female sexuality, female creativity, desire, hidden woman artist, eighteenth-century, identity

abstract:
In an attempt better to understand the appeal of the Gothic novel during its initial appearance in eighteenth-century England, particularly that of the 'female Gothic'--a sub-genre recently declared by feminist critics such as Claire Kahane, Ellen Moers, and Tania Modleski--this essay considers three novels by Ann Radcliffe, possibly the best-known female writer of her time: The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794), The Romance of the Forest (1791), and The Italian (1797). Beginning with an examination of Radcliffe's unique use of landscapes and her adoption of Burke's Sublime, I postulate a symbology and subtext which address the generally unacknowledged topics of female sexuality and female creativity. The representation of feminine desire, as well as the continued theme of the hidden woman artist, I argue, together comprise the 'hidden discourse' integral to the 'female Gothic' pioneered by Radcliffe.
Bearing in mind the emergence in the later eighteenth-century of a large female audience for Radcliffe's novels, l analyse the different physical prospects and personalities associated with heroine and villain as politically polarized 'visions' of reality. The inevitable moral and aesthetic conflict of these visions culminates in the heroine's ultimate triumph over the villain and the patriarchal society he represents. Through this analysis of her fiction's hidden discourse, Radcliffe's contribution to the Gothic genre can be seen as politically subversive, her novels concealing a defiance of her male-dominated culture as well as containing an affirmation of identity for her female readers.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Celebrating Ethnicity: The Icelanders of Manitoba

contributor:
Feit, H.
Anthropology

subject: Icelandic community of Manitoba, festival, identity, production, reproduction, transformation, social relations,

abstract:
Using data collected in the Icelandic community of Manitoba in the summer of 1985, this thesis outlines an alternative approach to the understanding of ethnicity in North America through analysis of the Icelandic Festival held each summer in Gimli, Manitoba. The Festival provides an entree through which the dynamics of the production, reproduction and transformation of West Icelandic identity are revealed.
It is argued that when ethnic identity is conceived as being resident in the possession of particular attributes or characteristics, change becomes a threat to the continued existence of the ethnic group. As defined in this thesis, ethnic identity is an ideological representation of social relations which is contextualized in a particular historic formation. It involves a constant negotiation of the symbolic representation of identity through social interaction, and is contingent upon the consequences of these actions. Change, therefore, is a normal process of ethnicity which does not necessarily end in assimilation. Though the content of identity changes according to changing circumstances, it must retain the appearance of an "authentic" representation of the past. The Festival is a location of the political
negotiation of Icelandic identity, as seen in the debates which exist in the community regarding the relevance of its Icelandic cultural content. It is argued that, while the Festival continues to address a public image of how the organizers believe the community should be perceived by the larger society, it is also a time when a private celebration takes place. This latter aspect of the Festival is where the perpetuation of the meaningfulness of
Icelandic identity occurs. It is contained within the family reunions which take place during the Festival and the return to a sense of the past which is linked to a shared West Icelandic history.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Effect of Federal Grants on Provincial Expenditure and Revenue Decisions: Ontario and New Brunswick Compared

contributor:
Johnson, J.A.
Economics

subject: provincial government's budgetary decisions, Federal grants, Ontario, New Brunswick, expenditure, tax responses, revenue,

abstract:
In this thesis, the response of a provincial government's budgetary decisions with respect to changes in Federal conditional and unconditional grants was investigated with special reference to whether or not the responses of a high income province (Ontario) differed from those of a low income province (New Brunswick).
In order to facilitate the analysis, a theoretical framework (called Model I) was set forth in which a province's expenditure and tax responses to changes in net provincial product and Federal grants could be derived. Using this framework, separate equations were estimated for Ontario and for New Brunswick for those expenditures aided by the National Health Grant Program, the Trans-Canada Highway Program, the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Program, and the categorical welfare programs and the Canada Assistance Plan; and for other aided expenditures, unaided expenditures, and revenue.
Since expenditure data were not available according to the definitions required for Model I, separate expenditure equations could not be estimated, within the context of Model I, for education, fish and game, forest~ and lands (settlement and agriculture). Thus, an alternative framework (called Model II) was developed. In Model II, these data difficulties were taken into account through a reformulation of the province's quadratic utility function; this allowed the magnitude of the conditional and unconditional grant coefficients to be derived and interpreted prior to estimation. Nine expenditure equations and one revenue equation were estimated for Ontario and for New Brunswick within the framework of Model II.
The major difference between the dependent variables used in Model I and Medel II is that in the latter the dependent expenditure variable for each program area considered separately allows the inclusion of expenditures which may be both aided and unaided whereas in Model I the dependent variable for programs considered separately properly includes expenditures only on those goods and services which are specifically aided by federal conditional grants.
On the basis of the empirical estimates of Models I and II, the following conclusions may be drawn: first, Ontario and New Brunswick do not appear to respond to changes in Federal conditional and unconditional grants in the same manner. For example, the empirical estimates of Model I reveal that only New Brunswick's expenditures responded as predicted to the receipt of Federal limited conditional grants in the three limited grant programs considered separately, namely, the General Health Grants' Program, hospital construction, and the Trans-Canada Highway. On the other hand, the empirical estimates of Model II indicate that Federal conditional grants for hospital construction, hospital insurance and diagnostic services, social welfare, and lands (settlement and agriculture) stimulated both provinces' expenditures in these areas during the period from 1948 to 1970; and that Federal grants for the Trans-Canada Highway encouraged Ontario's total road expenditures while gr'-nts received under the General Health Grants' Progran and under the various forestry programs stimulated New Brunswick's expenditures on general and public health and on forests, respectively. With regard to unconditional grants, only Ontario's expenditures on education and New Brunswick's expenditures on lands (settlement and agriculture) were stimulated by their receipt.
A second conclusion is that conditional grants stimulate spending on individual programs to a greater degree than do unconditional grants; and, third, unconditional grants are used as a substitute for own source revenue in the case of New Brunswick. In addition, the theoretical models' predictions that a province responds to the same extent to changes in net provincial product and unconditional federal grants is supported in the case of both Ontario and New Brunswick.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Sites of the Sex Trade: Spatial Analysis and Prostitution at Pompeii

contributor:
George, Michele
Classics

subject:
prostitution
Pompeii
brothel
spatial analysis

abstract: This thesis is concerned with the prostitution in Pompeii with a focus on the physical space in which this social phenomenon was enacted.  Despite the negative attitudes by much of Roman society towards prostitutes, the sex trade in Pompeii thrived, with numerous venues offering the sale of sex.  Prostitutes stationed themselves throughout the town and solicited customers inside buildings or out on the street in whatever limited privacy could be managed.  The purpose of this thesis is to examine the manner in which prostitution was present in Pompeii through the spatial analysis of venues of prostitution in the town.  Among other structures including, taverns and baths, I will make a close examination of the one known purpose-built brothel, its location and layout, in order to analyze the manner in which prostitute and client could interact in such a setting.  The artwork and the graffiti found within the brothel will also be useful for this examination, and will provide further insights to the customer experience in the brothel.  Although prostitutes themselves were disapproved of for their lifestyle and profession, society accepted the presence of prostitution as a whole.  Customers readily paid for the services of prostitutes in various venues that each offered a different environment and thus a different experience.  The enjoyment had by customers during their interactions with prostitutes ensured their return business and promoted the success of the sex trade in the service industry at Pompeii.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Toward Transition State Analysis of O-Glycoside Hydrolysis by Human Sucrase/Isomaltase

contributor:
Berti, Paul
Chemistry and Chemical Biology

subject:
Transition State Analysis
O-Glycoside Hydrolysis
Human Sucrase/Isomaltase
Kinetic Isotope Effects

abstract: Type 2 diabetes is a major health concern worldwide. One of its complications is postprandial hyperglycemia, i.e., high blood glucose concentrations, caused by glucose fast release from dietary polysaccharides into the bloodstream after meals. α-Glucosidase inhibitor drugs  reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting maltase/glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase/isomaltase (SI). MGAM and SI transform polysaccharides into absorbable monosaccharides, and inhibiting them delays monosaccharide release into the blood.  The three commercially available α-glucosidase inhibitors are limited by their absorption abilities, inhibition efficacies, and side effects, which highlights the need for more specific α-glucosidase inhibitors. Because enzymes catalyze their reactions by tightly binding to their cognate transition states (TS), TS analogs can be powerful inhibitors and potential drugs.  The measurement and interpretation of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) is the only method that can directly determine TS structures on large molecules. In this work, methods to prepare radioisotopically labelled maltose were developed, as well as methods to measure KIEs on acid- and enzyme-catalyzed maltose hydrolysis.  However, the methods developed did not achieve the required precision for TS analysis.  Also, KIEs were calculated computationally for a model reaction of maltose hydrolysis.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES: FACILITATING THEIR USE AND ENHANCING THEIR TRUSTWORTHINESS

contributor:
Guyatt, Gordon
Schünemann, Holger
Akl, Elie
Health Research Methodology

subject:
Clinical Practice Guidelines
Conflicts of Interests

abstract:
Clinicians in general value the use of the best evidence in decision-making and consider
that can improve patient care. However, a successful evidence based practice is hard to
achieve in real life. In recent years, with the consolidation of the Grading of
Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, the
development of improved standards to judge the trustworthiness of guideline
recommendations and the adoption of more strict policies to limit the influence of
conflict of interests, trustworthy guidelines have become an attractive alternative for an
evidence-based clinical practice.
In this thesis we offer an explicit and easy-to-use guidance to clinicians regarding how to
use guideline recommendations in the context of a real life practice. We also provide an
in-depth explanation of the judgments involved in determining the direction and strength
of recommendations. Finally, we expand the knowledge about how to manage conflict of
interests in guideline developers. Through two studies evaluating the conflict of interest
policy implemented at the American College of Chest Physicians 9th edition of the
Antithrombotic Guidelines, we show what aspects of the policy were successful and what
aspects need to be reformulated.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Calling The Game In Accordance With Its Tenor: Challenging Formalism, The Sports Adjudication Myth

contributor:
Waluchow, Wil
Sciaraffa, Stefan
Philosophy

abstract: In this paper my ambition is to contribute to what’s been called ‘the jurisprudence of sport’. Within that potentially broad spectrum, my focus here lies on the topic of sports adjudication, and the question of if and when sports officials can be justified in choosing to not apply a, or the plain meaning of a, rule. Herein I propose to follow J.S. Russell in his denial of formalism as a reliable and sound thesis for sports officials to try to practice, given the way this notion has been challenged and overcome in the philosophy of law. Russell’s thought is that we can follow the philosophy of law in overcoming formalism, and in thus developing normative theories of sports adjudication to replace it. In this, we agree. But my normative account for sports officials (i.e. my account of what I think officials ought to do, instead of always strictly and mechanically applying the rules, all the time) is informed by first the descriptive, and then the normative, theory of inclusive legal positivism, rather than by R. Dworkin’s integrity theory of law, as Russell’s account is. I argue that sport’s inclusive positivism, as I call it, reliably parlays stable ground as a form of internalism (a theory of the normative content of sports), and can therefore give birth to a reasonable, non-Dworkinian, – and more importantly – non-formalist, normative account for sports officials. In other words, my argument will be that sports officials don’t always have to apply the rules. That is because other perfectly legal standards may be relevant in this context (in the context of rule application, i.e. within a game). One such standard, I contend, is that officials should apply the rules in accordance with the tenor of the game, so as to try to secure what are often the game-specific interests and values that distinctively pertain to sports, and their adjudication.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The role of B cells in respiratory mucosal AdHu5Ag85A vaccine-induced immunity against tuberculosis

contributor: Medical Sciences (Molecular Virology and Immunology Program)

abstract: Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is the causative pathogen of tuberculosis (TB) that is currently the leading cause of death from a bacterial infection. The only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis is the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine which fails to effectively protect against adult pulmonary TB. For this reason, efforts have focused on developing novel vaccine platforms to boost BCG-induced immunity. In this regard, a human adenovirus serotype 5 expressing the mycobacterial secreted antigen Ag85A (AdHu5Ag85A) vaccine developed in our lab has been evaluated in a phase I clinical trial. It was shown to boost and elicit lasting T cell responses in BCG-vaccinated volunteers. Although inducing a strong type I T cell mediated immunity by this vaccine is crucial for protection, the role of vaccine-induced B cell responses in protecting against M.tb infection remains poorly understood. Recent studies have shown B cells to contribute to protection by modulating T cell immunity during intracellular bacterial infections. Therefore, we hypothesize that AdHu5Ag85A vaccination also induces antigen-specific B cell responses and such B cells have an immunomodulatory effect on vaccine-induced T cell immunity. Methods: We compared antigen specific T cell and antibody responses in wild type (WT) Balb/c mice with B cell deficient (Jh-/-) mice after intranasal AdHu5Ag85A vaccination. Results: Interim data has demonstrated that AdHu5Ag85A induces antigen specific antibodies. In the absence of B cells, AdHu5Ag85A vaccination resulted in reduced Ag85A CD8+ T cells within the BAL compared to WT. Importantly, this correlated with impaired protection against pulmonary M.tb infection. The study is ongoing to examine the mechanisms by which B cells modulate these T cell responses. Conclusion: These data suggest that B cells are required for optimal protective T cell responses following AdHu5Ag85A respiratory mucosal vaccination against M.tb infection.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Tracking of Physical Activity and Fitness in Preschool Children

contributor:
Timmons, Brian W.
Kinesiology

subject:
Physical Activity
Fitness

abstract: The early years are characterized by dramatic growth and the development of healthy behaviours, such as physical activity (PA). The objectives of this thesis were to assess one year tracking of fitness and PA in preschoolers and to investigate the relationship between fitness and PA over a one-year period. Four hundred preschoolers (201 boys, 199 girls; 4.5±0.9 years) participated in year 1 and year 2 assessments, 12.1±0.7 months apart. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (%BF) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Two components of fitness were assessed: short-term muscle power (STMP) with a 10-second modified Wingate Anaerobic Test, and aerobic fitness with the Bruce Protocol progressive treadmill (TM) test. Peak Power (PP) and Mean Power (MP) were measures of STMP. TM time and 60-sec heart rate recovery (HRR) were indicators of aerobic fitness. PA data were collected for 7 days with ActiGraph accelerometers, and PA was quantified as the % of wear time (%WT) spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and vigorous PA (VPA). At year 2, participants were significantly heavier (year 1: 17.9±3.2; year 2: 20.3±3.8kg; p=0.000) and taller (year 1: 106.6±7.8; year 2: 113.5±7.8 cm; p=0.000). From year 1 to year 2, BMI decreased from 15.7±1.3 to 15.6±1.4 m/kg2 (p=0.008) and %BF decreased from 23.2±4.6 to 21.1±4.7% (p=0.000). Both PP and MP improved approximately 30 Watts (p=0.000) from year 1 (PP: 94.1±37.3; MP: 84.1±30.9) to year 2 (PP: 125.6±36.2; MP: 112.3±32.2). TM time increased 2.4±1.4 minutes (p=0.000) from 9.4±2.3 to 11.8±2.3 minutes and HRR was unchanged at 65±14 beats per minute (bpm). MVPA increased from 13.3±2.9 to 13.9±3.0 %WT (p=0.003) and VPA increased from 5.8±1.7 to 6.3±1.8 %WT (p=0.000). PP and MP tracked moderately to substantially (PP: r=0.89, κ=0.61; MP: r=0.86, κ=0.56). TM time and HRR tracked fairly to strongly (TM time: r=0.82, κ=0.56; HRR: r=0.52, κ=0.23). MVPA and VPA tracked fairly to moderately (MVPA: r=0.59, κ=0.28; VPA: r=0.37, κ=0.38). At year 1 and year 2, PP, MP and HRR were weakly correlated to PA variables (r=0.13-0.23, p=0.000-0.02). TM time was correlated to VPA at year 1 (r=0.131, p=0.016) and to MVPA and VPA at year 2 (r=0.12-0.15, p=0.006-0.023). Boys engaged in more MVPA at year 1 and year 2 (p=0.000). Boys and girls were separately divided into groups that decreased, maintained or increased MVPA or VPA from year 1 to year 2. Girls who maintained MVPA had higher weight %iles and %BF than girls who increased MVPA, at both year 1 and year 2. Boys who increased VPA saw a greater increase in HRR than those who maintained VPA (p=0.000). Our findings indicate that fitness tracks better than PA over a 12-month period during the early years, and that a weak, positive relationship between these variables exists. Other factors, including measures of body composition, are likely influencing these relationships.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Science in Kinesiology


title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-enteropathy: the pathogenic roles of bile and bacteria and the protective roles of hydrogen sulfide.

contributor:
Wallace, John L
Bercik, Premysl
Medical Sciences

subject:
NSAIDs
Gastrointestinal
Bile
Enteric Bacteria
Enterohepatic Circulation
Hydrogen Sulfide
Ulcer

abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely used class of drugs, due in part to the effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties they exhibit. Unfortunately, NSAIDs also exhibit substantial gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. The mechanisms underlying the ability of NSAIDs to cause ulceration in the stomach and proximal duodenum are well understood, and this injury can largely be prevented through the suppression of gastric acid secretion by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). In contrast, the pathogenesis of small intestinal injury induced by NSAIDs (i.e., NSAID-enteropathy) is poorly understood, and there are no proven-effective therapies. This is a major clinical concern as NSAID-induced enteropathy and bleeding occur more frequently than NSAID-induced gastropathy, and is associated with significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality.  There is clear evidence that indicates important contributions to NSAID-enteropathy by bile, enteric bacteria, and the enterohepatic circulation of NSAIDs. However, it is not clear which of these mechanisms is/are the primary driver(s) of intestinal damage and injury. There is also evidence that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can protect the GI mucosa from ulceration and reduce the severity of NSAID-induced GI damage, although the mechanisms of H2S-induced intestinal protection remain to be determined. Therefore, the central aim of this thesis was to evaluate the roles of bile, enteric bacteria, and the enterohepatic circulation of NSAIDs in the pathogenesis of NSAID-enteropathy, and to investigate the ability of H2S to protect the small intestine from NSAID-induced damage. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the relevant literature and Chapter 2 is an outline of the thesis scope and objectives.  In Chapter 3, I demonstrated that the co-administration of an H2S-releasing agent protected rats from NSAID-induced enteropathy, in part by preventing NSAID-induced dysbiosis and bile cytotoxicity. In Chapter 4 and 5, I established that the co-administration of PPIs and H2RAs exacerbated NSAID-enteropathy in part by causing intestinal dysbiosis and enhanced bile cytotoxicity. Lastly, I demonstrated that the small intestine-sparing effects of an H2S-releasing NSAID, ATB-346, are partly attributable to the reduced enterohepatic circulation of ATB-346 or the naproxen liberated from this drug (Chapter 5). In summary, the work presented in this thesis provided novel understanding of the complicated pathogenesis of NSAID-enteropathy by confirming that the nature of the bile, the enterohepatic circulation of NSAIDs, and the nature of the intestinal microbiota are of paramount importance. In addition, the results also demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide represents an effective preventative therapy for NSAID-enteropathy and that H2S-releasing NSAIDs, such as ATB-346, have remarkable preclinical safety.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Magnetic resonance imaging of leg muscle structure and composition in women with and without osteoporosis

contributor:
MacIntyre, Norma
Rehabilitation Science

subject: diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

subject: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS)

subject: peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)

subject: skeletal muscle

subject: fat infiltration

subject: physical function

abstract:
Introduction: Bone loss, fractures, and declining physical performance are associated with muscle atrophy and fat infiltration.  Muscle structure and composition differences may be apparent between women with and without osteoporosis (OP).
Purpose: To: 1) evaluate the effect of a time period spent in supine on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of muscle size and diffusion properties in young and older women; 2) assess the feasibility of applying three MRI scanning methods to evaluate macrostructural and microstructural properties of leg muscles in older women; and 3) compare musculoskeletal tissue structure and composition between older women with and without OP, and to determine the relationships between bone, muscle, fat, and physical performance.
Methods:  Sixteen young and older women had their legs scanned with MRI at baseline and after 30 and 60 minutes of supine resting.  Feasibility of recruitment, participant tolerance to scanning, and image acquisition and analysis protocols were assessed.  Thirty-five moderately active, older women with and without OP underwent MRI and peripheral quantitative computed tomography scanning of the leg and performed physical performance tests.
Results: In young and older women, muscle size did not change with time spent supine, but water diffusivity decreased in some muscle regions.  It is feasible to perform a single session of three MRI scanning techniques in older women.  Women with and without OP had similar musculoskeletal structure that showed fat infiltration is associated with reduced bone strength and slower gait speed.
Conclusions: In young and older women, muscle size is unaffected by a period of supine rest, but time spent in supine may modify water diffusivity measures.  It is feasible to use a combination of MRI scanning techniques to evaluate leg muscle structure in older women.  MRI improves our understanding of the relationships among muscle, fat, bone, and physical performance.

abstract: Dissertation

abstract: Doctor of Science  (PhD)


title: The Idols of the Tribe: A Study of the Role of the Commentator in Shakespeare's Tragedies

contributor:
Jackson, B.W.
English

subject:
The Idols of the Tribe
Shakespeare's Tragedies

abstract: General problems concerning Shakespeare's ethical stance are related to the role of the commentator in his drama. A survey of Elizabethan and Jacobean drama indicates that there was a development from formal choric devices toward commentating characters who are absorbed into the dramatic structure. Factors which may have influenced Shakespeare's use of the commentating figure are suggested. After a preliminary study of Shakespeare's methods of presenting commentary in his history plays, the thesis concentrates on the varied ways in which Shakespeare develops the role of the commentator in his major tragedies. The conclusion relates the problems which Shakespeare examines by means of this distinctive feature of his tragic vision to the work of other major Renaissance writers.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Reasons, Causes, and Eliminative Materialism

contributor:
Allen, Barry
Philosophy

subject: Philsosphy Materialism

abstract:
This thesis is a criticism of the theory in the philosophy of mind known as "eliminative materialism". While this theory has been advocated by a number of philosophers, none have pressed its thesis harder than Paul Churchland. Consequently, Churchland's work in this area has been the focus of current debates in the philosophy of mind.
Although several philosophers have developed significant objections to Churchland's formulation of the thesis, Churchland has always been ready with a convincing reply. For this reason I propose to attack Churchland on as fundamental a level as seems possible, namely, by questioning his prE~supposition that folk-psychological explanation is a species of causal explanation. Without this presupposition there is little reason to expect Churchland's proposed theoretical elimination of folk psychology by neuroscience;
for
folk-psychological
explanation
(principally,
reasongiving)
must
be
characterized
as
a
species
of
causal
explanation
if
it
is to be replaced by
a
better
causalexplanatory
theory of behaviour.
I
argue
that reason-giving explanations
are
not
a
species
of
causal explanation.
By undermining
one
of
the
central presuppositions of eliminative materialism,
I
hope
to cast sufficient doubt on Churchland's thesis.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: From Diversity to Uniformity: A Study of "English for Academic Purposes" Courses in Community Colleges of Southern Ontario

contributor:
Beattie, Catherine
Frager, Dr. R.
History

subject:
Community college
Diversity

abstract:
The community colleges were established in Ontario in 1965 during a period of economic optimism, characterized by a spirit of innovation and diversity. Growth and a willingness to experiment were the order of the day. One very positive outcome of these features was the freedom of opportunity for the colleges to develop autonomously and according to the needs of their particular community. This independence or lack of government direct involvement has changed rather dramatically since 1990, however.
Pressures from the Ministry, for more systematic planning and centralized decision-making have been felt, initiated by the publication of Vision 2000. As a result, the former independent, innovative and diverse qualities of the colleges appear to be in jeopardy. Why this change in philosophy? Why at this time? What possible consequences might result? These are just two of the questions that will be discussed in the following project. A second and major portion of this project will trace the evolution, current status and future possibilities of one course in particular, English for Academic Purposes (EAP). This course or these courses were able to develop in the first place because the colleges had the opportunity for

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)


title: Breaking With Tradition: Female Genital Mutilation or Female Circumcision Among Canadian-Somalis in Southern Ontario

contributor:
Glanville, E.
Anthropology

subject:
Mutilation or Female Circumcision
Canadian-Somalis in Southern Ontario

abstract: Allegations by the Canadian media that the Canadian-Somali population has been continuing its traditional practice of Female Circumcision (FC) or Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Canada despite its illegality was questioned in this thesis. Through qualitative interviews undertaken with fourteen members of the Somali community in Southern Ontario, it was discovered that the respondents do not believe the practice is being continued in Canada. Their views concur with those of the Ministry of Health -Canada which claims that to date, not a single case ofFC/FGM being performed in Canada has been substantiated. The respondents credit their voluntary abandonment of the practice primarily to anti-FGM campaigns that were supported in the urban regions of Somalia from the 1970s until the onset of the Somali civil war in the late 1980s. A secondary deterrent is the fact that the practice is illegal in Canada. Present anti-FGM programs in Canada were deemed necessary by the respondents to reach the minority of individuals who might seek to continue the practice in Canada. Such programs, however, also serve to provide support to circumcised women living in Canada, as well as to provide education about health care in general. Non-FC/FGM related health concerns were deemed more pressing to the Canadian-Somali community, namely, lack of employment, overcrowded living conditions, and inability to access proper health care. Consequently, the respondents were critical of the Canadian media's approach to FC/FGM since the media has neglected to consider other, and in their view, more immediate health concerns faced by the Canadian-Somali community.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Function of the Sublime in the Writing of Thomas De Quincey

contributor:
Owen, W.J.B.
English

subject: contradictions, point of view, ideas, techniques, literary and psychological category of the sublime, literature of power, theory of symbolism, mood and emotion

abstract:
De Quincey's writing has already been thoroughly examined from the point of view of his critical statements, and attempts have been made to resolve some of the many contradictions which occur in such statements. In this thesis, however, De Quincey's work is approached not from a consideration of critical theory but through an examination of his ideas and techniques as they related to the well established literary and psychological category of the sublime. De Quincey's interpretation of the sublime in literature relates
closely to his theory of the literature of power, and provides a central standpoint from which to examine many different aspects of his writing. De Quincey's general application of the theory of sublimity reveals a concentration upon a certain number of fixed formulae
which can be used as guidelines to his criticism of literature as well as his own creative processes. De Quincey's ideas relating to sublimity provide, in addition, a religious and philosophical background from which to approach both the areas of criticism and
creation. Ideas connected with the sublime also allow a convenient approach to De Quincey's theory of symbolism, his use of opium, and the dreams which haunted his life and became the substance of his creative writing. To observe the close relationship between these various aspects of De Quincey's life and thought is to become aware of the patterns which dominated his literary processes. Having shown the various modes of the sublime as exemplified by De Quincey's works in general, the thesis proceeds to a detailed examination
of some passages in his literary criticism as they specifically relate to these modes. The emphasis is not upon the value and meaning of the criticism per se, but rather upon the extent to which it expresses De Quincey's continuing search for the powerful or sublime effect in literature. The critical contexts examined are seen to function on the basic principles already established, and these same principles are then applied to De Quincey's major fiction. The same patterns, involving paradox, symbolism and revelation, are clearly in evidence, and, indeed, reveal the main intention of these works. The English Mail-Coach, The Confessions of an English Opium Eater, and the Suspiria De Profundis are all discussed in considerable detail, and while considerations other than that of the principle of the sublime are included, this principle remains always the basic starting point. From an analysis of the workings of the sublime principle in De Quincey's writing, a new kind of unity becomes apparent in his work,
a unity of symbols and images, of mood and emotion. An awareness of this special kind of unity contributes to an understanding of a writer who seems, on many occasions, to be discontinuous, erratic and wildly mistaken.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Moral Order and the Influence of Social Christianity in an Industrial City, 1890-1899: A Social Profile of the Protestant Lay Leaders of Three Hamilton Churches --Centenary Methodist, Central Presbyterian and Christ's Church Cathedral

contributor:
Allen, A.R.
History

abstract:
In the late nineteenth century, traditional Protestant social thought which stressed the idea of individual regeneration underwent a gradual readjustment to include the reforming impulse directed towards saving society from the collective ills of industrial life. In order to understand more precisely the origin and nature of this transformation, this study examines the social composition of three Hamilton churches --Centenary Methodist, Central Presbyterian and Christ's Church Cathedral --from 1890 to 1899, a critical decade in the history of religious and secular arrangements in Canada. It is premised on the proposition that local congregations provided the immediate context in which the new social gospel was often developed; they were the recipients of its message and their susceptibility to it would deeply affect its future course.
This study belies the uncritical view of businessmen as heroic "Captains of Industry" or as unfeeling exploiters of an underprivileged working class. The high degree to which most of the lay leaders participated in the business and spiritual affairs of their church and the range of their community interests is suggestive of the extent to which the sacred and the secular were intertwined. Drawn from the middle classes, they saw themselves as directing agents responsible for the material, moral and social well-being of society. At the center of their belief system was the notion that practical consistency in character and conduct must form the basis of a rational capitalistic organization of industrial labor. While most of the lay leaders would never make the shift to the social gospel associated with the new liberalism, their action in manifesting a robust Protestant spirit engaged with social ills as they saw them clearly set a mood of social optimism and a style of activism on which the social gospel could thrive.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Plato's Tripartite Ont ology: The Immanent Character

contributor:
Hitchcock, David
Philosophy

subject:
Plato's Tripartite Ontology
The Immanent Character

abstract:
The Platonic ontology and the participation scheme have been 'dissected' and reformulated by many scholars. The specific elements and dynamics of 'participation' have been continuing subjects of controversy in Platonic studies. This project is not intended to ratify Plato's doctrine of participation in order that it be 'corrected' . Rather, the thesis focuses on the examination of the details of the ontoloqy which Plato provides in the dialogues themselves. As he was developing the Theory of Forms and the relationships between the primary ontological entities, he recognized certain inconsistencies that spurred him on to readjust the theory. It is in the spirit of discovering the true elements of the reformed participation story that this thesis was developed.
In a study of two dissenting interpretations of Plato's ontolgoy (the bipartite and tripartite interpretations), the tripartite ontology offers solutions to some of the more significant problems arising from the bipartite interpretation. The tripartite incorporation of an immanent character, along with the textual evidence supporting this interpretation, are integral to the proper elucidation of Plato's ratified participation story. Beyond unfolding Plato's immanent character it is important to understand the nature of this distinct (though not separate) entity, and the role it performs in the later ontology. It is with the desire to present the textual support for, and details of, the immanent character that this thesis diverges from traditional Plato scholarship.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Plato on the Justice of the Individual

contributor:
Panagiotou, S.
Philosophy

subject:
Justice of the Individual
Plato

abstract:
This thesis is an attempt to determine the precise meaning of Plato's notion of justice, as it applies to an individual human being. Specifically, it asks how the Republic's definition of justice as the proper ordering of the parts of a whole must manifest itself in the actual life of a just individual. This amounts to an examination of Plato's conception of the philosophic life.
This issue arises, in part, due to a recent trend, exhibited by some of the most influential commentators on Plato, to seek a social, or practical, dimension of philosophic activity. That is, these commentators assume that if Plato's account of the truly just life is to be deemed credible, he must propose, as an essential element of such a life, a course of public and/or political action to be engaged in. Some scholars accuse Plato of failing to meet this criterion of a proper account of the just life, while others try to find evidence to support the claim that Plato did meet it. It is the claim of this thesis that Plato neither did, nor wished to, make 'moral behaviour', as such, an intrinsic part of the philosophic, or just, life. Rather, I argue that Plato is deliberately overturning the ordinary understanding of justice in favour of a conception of the purely contemplative life as the most just.
My argument proceeds by way of an analysis of the interpretations of three prominent Plato scholars: David Sachs, Gregory Vlastos, and Terence Irwin. By exposing their misinterpretations of various key passages in Plato's texts, I bring to light the proper interpretation of 'Platonic justice', thus clarifying one of the Republic's central aims, namely to establish exactly why the philosophic life is the best, most just, and happiest life.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Plato's Tripartite Ontology: The Immanent Character

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Preserving Ontario's Heritage: A History of the Ontario Historical Society

contributor:
Johnston, C.M.
History

subject:
Preserving Ontario's Heritage
Ontario Historical society

abstract:
This thesis seeks to relate the hitherto untold history
of the Ontario Historical Society from its earliest
precursors in the mid-nineteenth century to the present time.
Since 1888, the OHS has been a considerable educational
institution and cultural force endeavouring to develop an
awareness of, and interest in, local and provincial history.
Its credentials have been established by its programmes to
record, interpret, publicize, and preserve Ontario's heritage,
and by its efforts to co-ordinate and encourage the work of
local historical associations and museums.
The initial chapters provide an analysis of the
nature, intent, personnel, philosophy, and accomplishments
of the two lineal ancestors of the OHS -- the Historical
Society of Upper Canada {est. 1861) and the United Canadian
Association (est. 1872) as well as the dozen local historical
groups that banded together after 1888 to create
the OHS.
The major emphasis of the remainder of the thesis
is to illustrate how the OHS has established itself as an
educational and cultural force. Its valuable role in historic
preservation, a subject largely ignored by historians,
is dwelt upon in detail. Another chapter provides valuable
historiographical perspectives for the society's collection
of publications, the largest and perhaps most important
single body of material in print pertaining to the history of Ontario. The efforts of the OHS members to further the
study of history in the schools and universities, to establish
adequate archival and museum facilities in the province, and
to assist the local historical groups, all of these are
examined in each stage of the OHS's existence. So too are
the motives, the philosophy, and the composition of the
membership.
Another major theme of this essay is that of ambition
denied. For many reasons which are dealt with at length, the
OHS has not been able to accomplish all of its declared objectives
or to reach its full potential at any given time. Success
and failure, accomplishment and frustration, go band in hand
throughout its history.
This work also provides valuable insights into some
of the current enthusiasms of Ontarians since 1861. Nationalism
and imperialism, anti-Americanists and anti-materialism,
feminism and nativism, the social reform urge and the problem
of assimilating new Canadians, these concerns and others are
reflected in the history of the Ontario Historical Society.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Effectiveness of Second-Language Learning

contributor:
Najm, Dr. S.M.
Erasmi, Dr. G.
French

subject:
Second language learning
french

abstract:
Given the multicultural, multilingual character of Canadian society, it is no surprise that second-language programs were implemented in our elementary schools. The need and demand for such programs were acknowledged by politicians when French Core Programs were introduced at the elementary level in the late sixties and foreign language programs (Heritage Language Programs) were introduced after school hours in the mid-seventies.
The topic was selected primarily to examine how adequately our elementary schools are fulfilling the need and demand for second-language learning. At present, there is strong evidence to support the claim that these programs are failing to motivate students to pursue further studies in a second language or to produce students who are fairly fluent in a second language.
These claims arouse concern and controversy as to the effectiveness and perhaps the validity of such programs as they exist today in our elementary schools. It is imperative that elementary second-language programmers examine what is happening in this area. They have to deal with the factors influencing the effectiveness of their programs.
It is my view that a number of changes have to be introduced into second-language programs at the elementary level if they are to survive at this and other levels and if they are to support the multilingual, multicultural identity of Canada.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)


title: Louis-Sebastien Mercier: articles traduits de l'allemand

contributor:
Jeeves, W.N.
French

subject:
Louis-Sebastien Mercier
Articles

abstract: Cette dissertation comprend la traduction de quatre articles allemands au sujet de Louis-Sebastien Mercier (1740-1814). Les traductions sont precedees d'un "Avantpropos biographique" et suivies d'un ''Commentaire de la traductrice".

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Clinical Significance of Breast Cancer Stem Cells

contributor:
Bane, Anita
Medical Sciences

subject:
Breast Cancer
Cancer Stem Cells

abstract: Tumour initiation and progression is thought to be driven by a small population of tumor initiating cells (TICs) or cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have the capacity to migrate and cause metastases and contribute to tumour relapse.  These cells possess properties that are similar to those of normal tissue stem cells, which include the capacity to undergo self-renewal as well as the capacity to give rise to more differentiated progenitor cells, which comprise the bulk of the tumour cell population.  Thus far, the clinical significance of these cells in breast cancers has not been extensively explored with regard to their relationship with tumour pathology or patient survival.  In this thesis we evaluate the presence of these cells in terms of clinicopathological tumour characteristics and patient outcome, as well as assess potential markers of breast CSCs for prognostic significance. Through the quantification of breast CSCs in primary breast tumours using in vivo xenografts assays we show that their presence correlates with aggressive tumour characteristics.  In addition, we propose that markers of breast CSCs may differ based on the molecular subtype of the tumour, and that these markers have prognostic significance in patients.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Impact of Attention on Perception in Cognitive Dynamic Systems

contributor:
Haykin, Simon
Computational Engineering and Science

subject: Attention, Perception, Hierarchy, Bayesian, Learning, Adaptation, Cognition, Cognitive Dynamic Systems

abstract:
The proposed aim of this thesis, inspired by the human brain, is to improve on the performance of a perceptual processing algorithm, referred to as a “perceptor”. This is done by trying to bridge the gap between neuroscience and engineering. To this end, we build on localized perception-action cycle in cognitive neuroscience by categorizing it under the umbrella of perceptual attention, which lends itself to increase gradually the contrast between relevant information and irrelevant information. Stated in another way, irrelevant information is filtered away while relevant information about the environment is enhanced from one cycle to the next. Accordingly, we propose to improve on the performance of a perceptor by modifying it to operate under the influence of perceptual attention. For this purpose, we first start with a single-layered perceptor and investigate the impact of perceptual attention on its performance through two computer experiments: The first experiment uses simulated (real-valued) data that are generated to purposely make the problem challenging. The second experiment uses real-life radar data that are complex-valued, hence the proposal to introduce Wirtinger calculus into derivation of our proposed method. We then take one step further and extend our proposed method to the case where a perceptor is hierarchical. In this context, every constitutive component of a hierarchical perceptor is modified to operate under the influence of perceptual attention. Then, another experiment is carried out to demonstrate the positive impact of perceptual attention on the performance of that hierarchical perceptor, just
described.

abstract: Dissertation

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: ON THE EBB AND FLOW OF CONSCIOUS THOUGHT: A SERIES OF QUERIES ON THE WANDERING MIND

contributor:
Watter, Scott
Psychology

subject: Cognition

abstract:
The study of the wandering mind offers a unique window into how, why and for whom the dominant control mechanisms within our brain tend to fail (or not to fail). Smallwood (2013) argues that understanding the answers to these particular questions remain the most important in mind wandering research. In the current dissertation, I explored the degree to which the emotional quality of the internal and external world shapes our conscious experience, and the control mechanisms that give us stability in focus in our daily lives.
I argue that the vacillation between internal and external processing operates at the nexus of two primary theories: the resource control theory (Thomson et al., in press) and the current concerns theory (Klinger, 1971; 1999; 2009). While the former offers a framework for understanding how the mind may wander, the latter provides a framework to understand why and for whom. The result is the conceptualization of an executive control system that operates to coordinate the activation between various neural networks, which when activated, operate to distribute cognitive resources toward the information most relevant at that moment in time. Driven by the emotional quality of our internal state and contextual cues in our external environment, relevance is determined by our current concerns and most personal of goals. The experiments presented in the current dissertation provide some granularity to this theoretical integration.

abstract: Dissertation

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)