title: Molecular interaction of infectious salmon anaemia virus and the Atlantic salmon innate immune system

contributor: Wright, Glenda (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Foley, Edan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Groman, Dave (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnson, Gerald (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 291 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Molecular
Biology, Virology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a fatal viral disease of Atlantic salmon. Despite more than two decades of research to provide knowledge for instituting effective control measures, the disease continues to cause devastating losses, most recently in Chile and Scotland. Research aimed at better understanding the initial stages of the virus-host cell interactions is required to generate more knowledge on the pathogenesis and immunology of the disease process. The thesis project looked into the molecular interaction of ISA virus (ISAV) and the Atlantic salmon cells (erythrocytes, Chinook salmon embryo CHSE-214 cells, and Atlantic salmon TO macrophage/dendritic-like cells). Transmission electron microscopy used to examine the physical interaction between ISAV and erythrocytes provided evidence that ISAV undergoes endocytosis in Atlantic salmon erythrocytes. A follow-up study examined the possibility of ISAV replication and expression of type I interferon (IFN) system genes in Atlantic salmon erythrocytes following ISAV haemagglutination. Haemagglutination induced by the high pathogenicity isolate NBISA01 but not the low pathogenicity isolate RPC/NB-04-0851 resulted in productive infection as evidenced by increased ISAV segment 8 transcripts and increase in the median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50). Moreover, ISAV up-regulated the expression of the mRNA levels of key type I IFN system genes (IFN-α, Mx, ISG15, STAT1) in erythrocytes. Although Atlantic salmon TO cells are known to up-regulate the expression of type I IFN system genes, information on the effect of ISAV strain variation on this expression is lacking. To better understand this interaction, the two ISAV isolates of differing pathogenicity phenotype and genotypes (NBISA01 and RPC/NB-04-085-1) were initially used to infect TO and CHSE-214 cells and the mRNA levels of key type I IFN system genes and ISAV transcripts were measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). The results of the TO cell experiment showed remarkable differences in the expression of the key type I IFN system genes and viral transcripts in TO cells in response to the two ISAV isolates. NBISA01 replicated robustly and showed very low mRNA levels of the key type I IFN system genes. On the other hand, RPC/NB-04-085-1 replicated slowly and showed higher mRNA levels of the type I IFN system genes. Based on these results, we proceeded to characterize the Atlantic salmon TO cell global gene expression responses to infection with NBISA01 and RPC/NB-04-085-1 using microarray analysis and validation by QRT-PCR. Overall, the microarray experiment showed that RPC/NB-04-085-1-infected cells had a higher total number of reproducibly dysregulated genes than the NBISA01-infected cells. The microarray experiment identified several salmon genes that were differentially regulated by NBISA01 and RPC/NB-04-085-1, and which may be useful as molecular biomarkers of ISAV infection. A further study was carried out to expand the knowledge on the expression of microarray identified immune response genes using a selection of 4 ISAV isolates (NBISA01, RPC/NB-04-085-1, RPC/NB-0593-1, and Norway-810/9/99) that differ in pathogenicity and geographic origins. The RPC/NB-04-085-1 infected cells showed the highest mRNA expression for most immune-relevant genes, followed by Norway-810/9/99. NBISA01 and RPC/NB-01-0593-01 (both of North American genotype) showed lower mRNA expression of the genes that were highly expressed by RPC/NB-04-085-1 infected cells. These findings show that ISAV isolates have strain-specific variations in their ability to induce fish immune response genes.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-08, Section: B, page: 4693.


title: Monitoring sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) sensitivity to emamectin benzoate in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor: Stryhn, Henrik (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Conboy, Gary (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Byrne, Phil (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Spangler, Liz (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 198 electronic application/pdf

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The main objectives of thesis are: (1) to describe sea lice management on the east coast of Canada in the absence of standardized methods for monitoring sea lice abundance on Atlantic salmon production sites, (2) to develop and optimize field bioassays to monitor for changes in sea lice sensitivity toward Emamectin Benzoate (EMB), and (3) to optimize and use monooxygenase testing to describe enzyme activity d collected sea lice populations with exposure to EMB.

abstract: Reports from Europe of reduced sensitivity and resistance development of sea lice towards several chemotherapeutants necessitate the development of resistance management strategies, including methods to monitor changes in sensitivity to treatments. A bioassay for sea lice sensitivity towards EMB was developed and validated for field use. Bioassay optimization included an evaluation of the inter-rater reliability of sea lice responsiveness to EMB and an evaluation of gender-related differences in susceptibility. The concordance correlation coefficient was used to compare the agreement between the proportion of lice categorized as moribund or dead by two independent raters prior to and following the adoption of a set of bioassay response criteria. The adoption of a set of bioassay response criteria improved the concordance between raters' assessments and it also improved the model estimation of the EC50 values (the "effective concentration" leading to a response of 50% of the lice not prone to natural response) for subsequent bioassays. An evaluation of gender-related differences in EMB susceptibility for 19 bioassays indicated that preadult stage female sea lice from field populations exhibited a significantly higher sensitivity towards EMB compared to preadult males in 12 of 19 bioassays; 7 of 19 bioassays showed no significant difference in gender susceptibility, although all male EC50 values were higher than female values. Preadult stage females from one population of laboratory cultivated sea lice also exhibited a significantly higher EMB sensitivity compared to preadult males. The EMB bioassay was implemented for field use and a total of 38 field bioassays were completed from 2002 to 2005 using preadult stage sea lice collected from Atlantic salmon farms in four regions in the Bay of Fundy salmon farming area. There was no significant overall effect of region or year on EC50 values, and although the range of sensitivities obtained in this three-year study did not appear sufficient to affect current clinical success in the control of sea lice, the results suggest that there is a seasonal or temperature associated variation in sensitivity of preadult sea lice to EMB with sensitivity decreasing in the fall and winter months.

abstract: As a potential means of EMB detoxification by sea lice, oxidase enzymes are of particular interest as an alternative to the use of bioassays for resistance detection. The results of this study indicated significant effects of region and a seasonal trend on median haem peroxidase values for 2001 to 2004 field sea lice samples. There were no significant effects in the 2005 field data. There was a positive, but not statistically significant, correlation between EMB sensitivity (bioassay EC50 values) and median haem peroxidase activity in field sea lice samples for the years 2001 to 2005.

abstract: This research has demonstrated the widespread use of EMB for sea lice control in the Bay of Fundy and has resulted in the development of an EMB bioassay which could be used to verify clinical resistance in the field. The developed bioassay does however lack rapidity and simplicity for use as a routine test for a field monitoring program. The measurement of total oxidase activity in individual sea lice is difficult to confirm as a diagnostic tool for resistance detection due to the absence of sea lice populations known to be resistant to EMB, and the inability of the assay to indicate the specific cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for resistance development. However, the ability of the haem peroxidase assay to identify individuals displaying elevated general oxidative activity is encouraging, as field populations are likely to consist of a mixture of susceptible and less susceptible individuals. This study also highlights the importance of obtaining data on the parameters influencing oxidase levels in EMB-susceptible sea lice populations in order to standardize the haem peroxidase assay methodology before implementation in a resistance monitoring program. The haem peroxidase assay should be used in combination with bioassays or other tests (i.e. molecular) when resistance is suspected and the mechanism has been identified. The finding of a seasonal effect on the bioassay and oxidase values requires further investigation.  (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6401.


title: Morphological classification of soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria, hemocytes: Phenotypic description of hemic neoplasia

contributor: Burton, Shelley (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnson, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 127 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Health Sciences, Pathology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: In Atlantic Canada, hemic neoplasia (HN) has a negative impact on aquaculture and fisheries of the soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria. HN is a cellular disorder that morphologically and functionally alters the hemocytes. These abnormal hemocytes are found proliferating in the hemolymph and infiltrating tissues. Cells described as neoplastic are larger with a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio compared to normal hemocytes. Although the morphology and behavior of neoplastic cells has been described, information regarding the characteristics of normal hemocytes in the soft-shell clam is lacking. The present study used cytology and transmission electron microscopy to characterize 5 types of hemocytes in clams. Hemolymph samples of normal clams had a mean differential hemocyte count of 62.6% agranular and 34.7% granular cells. Evaluation of the normal hemocytes provided descriptive information that was then useful for recognizing neoplastic cells. Two types of neoplastic cells and intermediate forms were observed at various levels of disease intensity. This study proposes criteria for recognizing neoplastic cells.

abstract: Flow cytometry is a technique to differentiate neoplastic from non-neoplastic cells in a non-lethal, labor efficient and reliable manner. Using the flow cytometer case definition for an individual clam positive for HN, clams from six populations in Atlantic Canada were statistically compared. Cytology was used for confirmatory purposes. Developing a case definition for a HN positive population was more challenging. Disease prevalence as well as intensity was considered. A sample population from Saguenay Bay, QC was considered negative because all clams were classified as negative on an individual basis. A sample population from North River, PEI had 35% prevalence and was the only population with high disease intensity; it was considered population positive for HN. The four other populations also had high prevalence but low intensity and were not able to be classified as disease positive or negative. The status of these populations should be checked on a seasonal basis to see if prevalence and intensity change.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1488.


title: Morphological description of a possible nerve-eosinophilic granule cell relationship in the rainbow trout small intestine

contributor:
Powell, Mark D. (author)
Burks, J.F. (Thesis advisor)
Wright, G.M. (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

subject:
Biology, Anatomy
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: This investigation examined a morphological relationship between the eosinophilic granule cells (EGC) of the rainbow trout intestine and intrinsic non-myelinated nerves of the intestinal mucosa. Adult fish were injected intraperitoneally with capsaicin, substance P, serotonin, bovine serum albumin or saline vehicle alone. A significant proportion of the EGCs were found to be in close association with non-myelinated enteric nerves in both control and experimental tissues. Both capsaicin and substance P induced ultrastructural changes in FCCs of both the stratum compactum and the lamina propria. Serotonin, bovine serum albumin and saline had no effect on EGC morphology. Upon stimulation with capsaicin or substance P morphological and distributional changes to the EGC population take place. There were no significant changes in the number of granule cells with serotonin or the controls. EGCs appear to be closely associated with the intrinsic non-myelinated nerves of the trout intestine being in both close apposition and possibly stimulated by capsaicin. The degranulatory actions of capsaicin and substance P suggest that an endogenous substance P-like compound is the likely mediator. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-03, page: 0621.


title: Morphology and biofilm studies of the intestines of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

contributor: Ireland, William (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, David J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 164 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Tilapia, a warm fresh-water herbivorous fish, forms a major component of the species used in tropical and subtropical aquaculture, mainly due to its fast growth, efficient use of natural feeds, resistance to diseases, and tolerance to a variety of environmental conditions.

abstract: The study investigated the morphology and mucus histochemistry of the intestines of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), the biofilm on the microvillar surface of the intestines, and interaction of these biofilms with a microbe prevalent in tilapia habitats, Aeromonas hydrophila. The Nile tilapia intestines were processed for routine histology and electron microscopy. The use of antimucus antibodies in the fixative preserved the biofilm for light and electron microscopic evaluation. The relationship between time, location, numbers of A. hydrophila, and the biofilm was then investigated using an immunofluorescent test.

abstract: The intestines of Nile tilapia reflect adaptations for a herbivorous diet, in their length, and presence of mucosal foldings. The thin walled intestines are compacted in the abdominal cavity in complex convolutions bound by the mesentery and mesenteric fat. There are no regional distinctions besides progressive caudal tapering. The Nile tilapia intestines have no structural demarcation between the lamina propria and the submucosa, which borders the bi-layer muscularis and are wrapped in the serosal layer. The luminal surface of the intestines of Nile tilapia, maintained in both flow-through and recirculating fish holding facilities is lined with an adherent biofilm. The biofilm appeared in several forms and, was associated with a mucin matrix and numerous microbial morphotypes. Exposure to A. hydrophila revealed that it is associated with the biofilm, but did not establish autochthonity.

abstract: The preservation of the biofilm provides an opportunity to discern the intestinal microbial ecology and dynamics, and its role in herbivorous digestion, gut immunity and the relationship to the microbial population in the aquatic environment.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 33-01, page: 0125.

abstract: Adviser: Gerald Johnson.


title: Mussel genetics in relation to selection methods for high quality seed and treatment for tunicates

contributor: Landry, Thomas (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Davidson, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tremblay, Rejean (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lewis, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 169 electronic application/pdf

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential for using the genetic measure of allozyme heterozygosity as a predictor of seed quality. A sample containing two year-classes of Mytilus edulis (marine mussels) was taken from seed lines in St. Peter's Bay, Prince Edward Island and selected using either elevated water temperature or air exposure. The purpose of the treatments was to determine if the survivors had a detectable increase in heterozygosity. Increasing the level of heterozygosity in cultured mussels may produce stocks that have increased growth and less mortality, traits that are important in mussel aquaculture. Differences in mortality between the cohorts may have been due to physiological condition, genetic characteristics or a combination of these factors. The results of this study indicate that selective treatments of naturally collected seed should be investigated as an option to increase productivity and that heterozygosity can be used as a monitoring tool of mussel populations.

abstract: A second experiment involved selection techniques followed by a field trial involving three bays in P.E.I. The effects of air exposure or elevated water temperature treatments on samples of Mytilus edulis spat were examined. Selection treatments resulted in a ∼ 50% mortality from an 11-hour air exposure at 27°C and ∼75% mortality from a 6-hour exposure to 33°C water. After the initial treatment, survivors of the air exposure treatment were significantly (P<0.01) larger than the controls while survivors of the elevated water temperature treatment were smaller (P<0.01). The field study showed that the treatments had a significant effect on size, growth and survival, suggesting that relatively simple husbandry practices of weeding out weaker mussel seed can affect productivity. Physiological analyses from field mussels showed that controls had a higher metabolic rate than the treated groups. After ten months in the field, the treated mussels were larger and had lower mortality in the field compared to untreated control mussels. The results demonstrate that simple husbandry techniques can be used to increase the productivity of mussel seed and heterozygosity measures can be used to assess fitness.

abstract: Finally, a major problem for mussel aquaculture on P.E.I., Canada surfaced in the late 1990's with the introduction of a fouling organism, Styela clava. This organism infests mussel cultivation equipment to the point where production is no longer viable. This study examined the effects that two anti-fouling treatments, air exposure and acetic acid, had on mussel populations. Socked seed were exposed to three treatment regimes and subsequently placed on a long-line in New London Bay, P.E.I. The treatments were a forty-hour air exposure, thirty-second and two-minute acetic acid immersion. Treatment effects were measured after seven months in the field. Mussel quality was assessed using mussel sock weights, length, condition index and changes in heterozygosity. A significant decrease in sock weights was found for all treatments compared to controls (P< 0.05), revealing that significant mortality occurred in the treated populations. Results on the other characteristics used to assess mussel fitness found no long-term effects on the health or genetic structure of the treated populations.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-01, Section: B, page: 0008.


title: Negotiating two worlds: The voices of young Island Acadians

contributor:
Gauthier, Rachelle (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 111 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Bilingual and Multicultural
Sociology, Ethnic and Racial Studies

abstract: This qualitative study explores the cultural identity formation of young Prince Edward Island Acadians. A group of francophone Acadians was involved in this study in order to explore the ways in which young people living within this minority context negotiate between the two distinct linguistic and cultural realities in which they live. The participants, aged between fifteen and eighteen, live in the Charlottetown area, a place where English is the language of the majority. They attend the only French first-language school in the city and they speak French at home. A focus group was completed with a group of five participants. Two subsequent individual interviews took place with three randomly chosen focus group participants. The literature review examines certain aspects of Acadian history on PEI through the lens of power relations theories developed by researchers such as Paulo Freire, Jim Cummins, and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, bringing a critical perspective to the social structures that have silenced Acadians for centuries. The data analysis provides a stark contrast to the dismal experiences of Acadians in the past, as the participants affirm the pride and the conviction they feel for the French language and the Acadian culture.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-04, page: 0820.

abstract: Adviser: Fiona O'Donoghue.


title: Neonatal low-dose domoic acid exposure during a critical period of central nervous system development: A potential animal model of schizophrenia

contributor: Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Gottschall-Pass, Kathy (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 156 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Neuroscience
Biology, Cell

abstract: Schizophrenia is a complex and devastating mental disorder, found to affect up to 1% of the general population. Characterized by a variety of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms, this debilitating disease results in great emotional cost to people affected, as well as in significant financial cost to the economy. While the etiology of schizophrenia is not yet known, it is believed that factors which occur during development, long before the formal onset of the disorder, may result in permanent alterations to the central nervous system. Animal models provide one of the best ways to study many complex human disorders, like schizophrenia. While a number of animal model of schizophrenia exist, no model is ideal and much about the disorder still remains to be understood. New models, as well as improvements on current models have the potential to add significantly to our understanding of schizophrenia and will undoubtedly benefit the human clinical practice.

abstract: Past research has indicated that neonatal administration of low doses (20μg/kg) of domoic acid (DOM) (a glutamate agonist) to rats during a critical period of central nervous system development (postnatal days 8-14), shows potential as an animal model of schizophrenia. The purpose of this thesis was to further investigate this potential. This was achieved using two behavioural tests considered to be the "gold standards" for an animal model of the disorder, prepulse inhibition (PPI) and latent inhibition (LI, as well as assessing brain tissue for changes in GAD67 in the hippocampus, a common alteration found in the clinical population.

abstract: Results indicate that neonatal DOM treatment results in significantly lowered PPI compared to controls, but that this effect can vary depending on the sex of the animal, the time of day during which testing occurs, and the prepulse level used. Neonatal DOM treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in LI, with the effect seen in males 24 hours after conditioning and in females 7-8 days after conditioning. The analysis of GAD67 in the hippocampus revealed that DOM-treated females displayed significantly less GAD67 in the left CA3. While this effect was not seen in the right hemisphere or in the male animals, subsequent qualitative analysis indicated that small alterations to the immunohistochemical procedure (such as a decrease in background staining) may improve the quality of the analysis. In conclusion, neonatal low-dose DOM treatment has succeeded in demonstrating both face and construct validity for an animal model of schizophrenia. Additionally, the method through which the model is created, is consistent with at least some of the current etiological understanding of how the disorder is produced. While further study is required to better understand these changes and predictive validity has yet to be investigated, these results indicate that neonatal low-dose treatment of DOM shows great promise as an animal model of schizophrenia.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-06, page: 3537.


title: Novel intercalated nanocomposites based on vanadium pentoxide xerogel and sodium iron oxide

contributor: Dahn, Douglas (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Linkletter, Barry (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 115 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Chemistry, Analytical
Chemistry, Inorganic
Chemistry, Polymer

abstract: Energy is a vital component of our economies and lifestyle. Unfortunately, most of the current sources of energy are not renewable or environmentally friendly. Among the efforts made to tackle this problem is the development of rechargeable batteries. Rechargeable batteries are transducers that convert chemical energy to electrical energy and vice versa. This project was designed to develop green materials that can be used in lithium/Li-ion batteries. The lithium battery chemistry is currently the most promising battery system because of its superior properties such as high voltage and energy density.

abstract: The project involved the successful intercalation of highly ionically conducting polymers Poly(oxymethylene-oxyethylene) (POMOE), Poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) oxalate] (POEGO) and Poly[bis-(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP) into the layered structure vanadium pentoxide xerogel (V 2O5nH2O) and the characterization of the resulting nanocomposites. Intercalation of POMOE and POEGO lead to the bilayer loading of the polymer into the gallery spaces of V2O5nH 2O. This was a significant achievement because the resulting nanocomposites have potential to intercalate more Li-ions compared to monolayer nanocomposites. Intercalation of MEEP into V2O5nH2O leads to nanocomposites whose interlayer expansions increased with increasing concentration of MEEP. The intercalates with higher MEEP concentration were mixed (electronic and ionic) conductors while the intercalates with lower concentration were electronic conductors.

abstract: Direct intercalation of the ionically conducting polymers into sodium iron oxide (NaFeO2) was not achieved. However, the projects lead to successful de-intercalation (removal) of Na from NaFeO2  via a hydrolysis reaction to produce Na1-xFeO2 (hydrolysis residue) and sodium carbonate hydrate (hydrolysis aqueous solution). The Na1-xFeO2 where x ≈ 1 had been previously predicted as an ideal alternative electrode material to the currently used LiCoO 2 in lithium batteries but had not successfully synthesized. Therefore, this was a major breakthrough in synthesizing this material. The methodology developed here has the advantage of being easily scaled up to industrial production. It was also discovered that the sodium carbonate hydrate had a layered structure and can be intercalated with guest molecules.

abstract: The new materials reported here were characterized with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and AC impedance spectroscopy.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2440.

abstract: Adviser: Rabin Bissessur.


title: Novel intercalation compounds of molybdenum diselenide

contributor: Wagner, Brian (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Haines, Robert (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Shaver, Michael (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 122 electronic application/pdf

subject: Chemistry, Inorganic

abstract: Host-guest intercalation chemistry is an emerging research field with implications in the development of novel materials for a wide variety of real-world applications. As such, the intercalation chemistry of the two dimensional layered molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) has been explored. MoSe2 has been intercalated with a variety of guest species such as solid polymer electrolytes, electronically conductive polymers, and small molecules. This was achieved by first treating the MoSe2 with an excess of n-BuLi to form the lithiated phase of MoSe2 (Li0.7MoSe 2). The Li0.7MoSe2 exfoliates readily in water or N-methylformamide (NMF) to yield single layers of MoSe2. Addition of solutions or suspensions of guest species to the single layers result in the formation of novel sandwiched compounds. These guest species include solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), methyl cellulose (MCel), poly[oxymethylene-(oxyethylene)] (POMOE), and poly[bis-(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP), electronically conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), poly(N-methylaniline) (PMA), poly(2-ethylaniline) (PEA) and poly(-propylaniline) (PPA), and small molecules such as glycine, ferrocene and 7,7,14,14-Tetramethy1-1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradeca-4,11-dine (TTCD).

abstract: Analysis of the materials has been done by Powder X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) where applicable. In the XRD spectra, the dramatic increase of the interlayer spacing values of the resulting compounds suggest that all of the guest species mentioned above have been intercalated into the MoSe2 layers. Thermal stabilities and stoichiometries of SPE/MoSe2 were determined by TGA. The guest-host interactions of the polymer/MoSe2 intercalates have been studied by FT-IR and DSC; the red shifts in the FT-IR spectra and the glass transition temperature (Tg) shifts of polymers in DSC reveal that the mechanical motions of the polymers were confined by the MoSe2 layered host. In addition, the blue shifts in the FT-IR spectra suggest that redox reactions may occur between the guests and the host. Electronic conductivities were measured using the four-probe van der Pauw technique. Compared to the conductivity of 2H MoSe2 the increase in conductivity of 'restacked MoSe 2' indicates the conversion from the semiconductor (2H form) to the conductor (1T form). Among the electronically conductive polymer/MoSe 2 intercalates, PMA/MoSe2 intercalate showed better results in conductivities compared to PANI/MoSe2, PEA/MoSe2, and PPA/MoSe2 intercalates. Ionic conductivities of MEEP, (MEEP) 4LiCF3SO3 and (MEEP)4LiCF3SO 3/MoSe2 intercalate were investigated through alternating current (AC) impedance spectroscopy.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3594.


title: Novel theoretical tools and applications for the study of electronic structure and optimizing reaction energetics

contributor: Polson, James (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 155 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Chemistry, Physical
Physics, Molecular

abstract: This thesis is comprised of two distinct areas: the first area representing the bulk of the work to be presented here, focusses on the development of novel analytical tools for the study of electronic structure. The second area highlights the refinement of potential energy surfaces algorithmically.

abstract: There is a great deal of interest in understanding electronic interactions within atoms and molecules. As we are confined to only 3-dimensions when visualizing a set of data, it is impossible to completely visualize the effects of particle interactions. Nonetheless, over the years, there have been numerous methods devised in order to analyze these interactions in different ways. In the first part of this thesis, the development of novel tools to examine electronic structure effects will be highlighted.

abstract: We introduce the intex density X (R, u), which combines both the intracular and extracular coordinates to yield a simultaneous probability density for the position of the centre-of-mass radius ( R) and relative separation (u) of electron pairs. The principle application of the intex density explored here is in the investigation of the recently observed secondary Coulomb hole. The Hartree-Fock (HF) intex densities for the helium atom and heliumlike ions are symmetric functions that may be used to prove the isomorphism 2P(2R) = E(R), where P( u) is the intracule density and E(R) is the extracule density. This is not true of the densities that have been constructed from explicitly correlated wave functions. The difference between these asymmetric functions and their symmetric HF counterparts produces a topologically rich intex correlation hole. We conclude that the probability of observing an electron pair with a very large interelectronic separation increases with the inclusion of correlation only when their centre-of-mass radius is close to half of their separation.

abstract: Despite providing more details regarding the correlation hole than the intracule alone, the intex density is still limited in nature by its lack of information regarding the spatial orientation of the R and u vectors. This led to the development of the probability density for the angle between these two vectors using both Hartree-Fock (HF) and explicitly correlated Kinoshita wave functions. This angular density, A(&thetas; Ru), and the angular-dependent intex density, X (R, u, &thetas;Ru), are explored for the helium isoelectronic series from He to Ne8+ to study the distribution of electron pairs in atomic systems (both HF and exact). We demonstrate that the most probable angle depends significantly on the scalar values of R and u for both the HF and exact treatments. As R and u simultaneously increase, the favoured angle for these densities approach 0 and π.

abstract: With a more complete description and understanding of the secondary Coulomb hole, the focus of our study was directed towards determining the origin of the hole. These analyses were carried out by examining the correlation hole in intracules, ΔP(u), for atoms with varying electron-nuclear potentials including systems with Coulombic potentials, harmonic potentials, and those with a zero potential (aside from an infinite confining potential). These studies have highlighted the role of a non-zero potential in the presence of the secondary hole and have suggested this counter-intuitive effect is the result of shielding. This theory is well supported by evidence in the literature including an analogous effect (i.e. contraction of electron pairs at large values of u) that has been observed for excited states and has been attributed to shielding.

abstract: In addition to these electronic structure analyses with respect to correlation, we also present findings regarding the effects of using polarization functions in basis sets to describe atoms and molecules. Previous research has indicated that the introduction of polarization functions into a basis set leads to an overall contraction of the intracule density. We examine this contraction of electron pairs through analysis of position intracules, various components of the energy, and differences in electron densities. This combined data has yielded conclusive evidence that the inclusion of polarization functions leads to an increase in density in the bonding regions in order to improve bond descriptions.

abstract: The second area explored in this thesis is regarding the development of novel software to be used for the optimization of chemical reactions. This optimization is based on a new method described herein, known as the linear combination of functional groups. In this process, a large set of substituents is superimposed at a functional site within a reactant complex. By allowing these substituents to interact with the fixed part of the molecule while prohibiting interactions between each of the functional groups, one can effectively determine the contribution of each moiety to the overall energy. Localized molecular orbitals are used in this study as they are highly transferable from molecule to the next. This allows for the construction of a library of coefficients specific for each functional group to determine the form of the molecular orbitals of said group that would be applicable in any chemical environment. Through the use of minimization/maximization algorithms one can optimize the energy difference between two states (e.g. products and reactants) with respect to each of these functional groups. The details of the method and the results of an optimization on the deprotonation of HO-X (X being the set of functional groups) is demonstrated herein. The results obtained in the proof-of-concept stage of this project demonstrate great merit for this concept.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2462.

abstract: Adviser: Jason Pearson.


title: Nutrient composition of children's lunches: The association between the school food environment, dietary intake and weight status of elementary school children

contributor:
Caiger, Jane Mary (author)
Taylor, Jennifer (Thesis advisor)
Giberson, Donna (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 147 electronic application/pdf

subject: Health Sciences, Nutrition

abstract: There is increased interest in the role of schools in improving children's eating habits and reducing childhood obesity through the implementation of healthy eating policies. In this study, I assessed the nutritional quality of lunchtime food consumption among Grade 5 and 6 English speaking children on Prince Edward Island, and the level of school adherence to the policy (defined as the proportion of foods offered at lunch which were prohibited by the policy expressed as tertiles). Differences in nutritional quality according to level of school nutrition policy (SNP) adherence were also assessed.

abstract: A descriptive survey was used to assess principal's perceived adherence to key SNP components and food availability. Adherence to the SNP food list was assessed objectively by comparing specific foods offered in the school lunch programs, vending machines, and canteens to those allowed by the SNP. Students (n=1966) completed a lunchtime food record during an in-class survey. Nutrient intakes were generated using the Canadian Nutrient File. Dietary adequacy was assessed by comparing micronutrient intakes with one third of the EAR; macronutrient intakes were compared to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges. Descriptive statistics (medians and percentiles) for calories and all nutrients assessed were generated for each child according to sex and grade. Chi-square tests of association were used to assess the association between the level of adherence of the SNP and the proportion of children meeting recommended nutrient intakes. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test was used to assess differences in nutrient intakes according to grade, sex, source and day of recording.

abstract: The survey of principals indicated that elementary schools are making some progress in adhering to the policy, with some components being easier to implement than others. Most principals reported that they were using healthy foods or non-food items for fundraising purposes but fewer indicated that they were involving students in planning foods offered at school. Objective assessments of foods offered at school indicated that 74% of all foods and beverages served at lunch were considered "allowed" by the PEI SNP indicating that principal's perceptions were in good accord with the actual pattern. However, 68.3% of schools still offered at least one prohibited food. There was support for the study hypothesis that students attending schools with lower levels of adherence to the SNP will report higher fat intakes at lunch. However, the hypothesis that students attending schools with lower levels of adherence to the SNP will report higher sugar and sodium intakes was not supported.

abstract: Children attending schools with closer adherence to the SNP were more likely to consume fat intakes within the recommended range compared to those from schools who adhered to the SNP less closely (p<0.002). Two thirds of the food consumed by the students came from home sources, so home sources must be taken into account when assessing school nutrition programs. The overall nutritional quality of lunches was poor, regardless of food source.

abstract: This is the first study in Canada, and one of the first worldwide, to evaluate the dietary quality of lunch-time foods consumed by elementary students which considers the source of the food (home versus school) and the level of adherence to a SNP. Comparing the dietary quality of children's lunch's items purchased from school versus items brought from home can help us understand the role of schools in enabling children to consume school lunches which are high in nutrient quality.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-06, page: 3626.


title: Nutritional and management factors associated with milk urea nitrogen levels in maritime dairy cattle fed under commercial conditions

contributor: Dohoo, Ian (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 236 electronic application/pdf

subject: Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Controlled feeding trials have demonstrated associations between milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and protein intake and between MUN and fermentable energy intake. The variation in the total amount of ingested protein had only a slight effect on MUN levels when the ratio between protein and energy was held constant. Most trials have been based on a relatively small number of cows, frequently without access to pasture. Results from a large scale observational study involving Prince Edward Island (PEI) dairy herds would clarify how nutritional and other factors affect MUN in cows maintained under commercial conditions on PEI.

abstract: Between October 1999 and January 2001, 83 dairy herds from PEI and 9 dairy herds from Nova Scotia were enrolled in this study. Herds evaluated during the grazing period were divided into two groups: intensive grazing managers and extensive grazing managers. The same herds were evaluated during the confinement period and were classified as being either total mixed ration herds or component fed herds. The study included four data collection periods (minimum of two farm visits and two telephone conversations). (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 41-02, page: 0502.

abstract: Advisers: G. Keefe, Ian Dohoo.


title: Nutritional condition and quality assessment of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, at different stages of the moult cycle

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lavallee, Jean (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, Dave (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 195 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Physiology

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Abstract not available.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2287.

abstract: Advisers: Andrea Battison; Barbara Horney.


title: Nutritional evaluation of different varieties of full-fat soybeans in broiler chicken starter diets

contributor: Hamilton, R.M.G. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Chan, Cathy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: MacLeod, J.A. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ogilvie, Tim (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 84 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: The nutritional quality of new varieties of high protein (HP) (OT 89-16) and low trypsin inhibitor (LTI) (X 2033) full-fat soybean (SB) developed at Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, was evaluated in broiler chicken starter diets.

abstract: Nutritional quality of these protein sources was evaluated by incorporating them in broiler chicken starter diets and studying the growth performances of chickens. The chickens given methionine supplemented LTI diet made greater weight gains (P $<$ 0.05) than those on non-supplemented diet but not to the level of the birds fed heat treated beans. It was concluded that TI levels in the LTI beans probably were not low enough to eliminate the heat treatment entirely but perhaps would require lower temperatures and shorter cooking times than for the SB currently grown. HP SB were well utilized by the birds and will result in the reduction of the amount of SB required by substituting the ordinary SB on an equivalent protein basis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-03, page: 0660.


title: Nutritive value of fish meal for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

contributor: Lall, Santosh (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Anderson, Derek (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Donald, Allan (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 103 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Fish meals (herring, menhaden, and anchovy), commercially available in Atlantic Canada and a Norwegian fish meal (Norse-LT94$\sp\circler$) were evaluated for their protein quality by in vitro assays and growth studies with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

abstract: Atlantic salmon fingerlings were used in a growth study to evaluate the protein quality of two steam-dried herring meals and Norse-LT94$\sp\circler$. Fish fed Norse-LT94$\sp\circler$ gained 11 to 60% more weight than fish fed the herring meals.

abstract: Five fish meals were evaluated for their crude protein and amino acid availabilities using Atlantic salmon. For all essential amino acids, except tryptophan, Norse-LT94$\sp\circler$ had higher apparent amino acid availabilities than the other fish meals tested. Menhaden meal and anchovy meal had significantly lower amino acid availabilities than most of the herring meals tested.

abstract: A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the quantitative dietary requirement of Atlantic salmon for lysine. Broken-line regression of the growth values against dietary lysine level estimated the dietary requirement of lysine to be 1.99 $\pm$ 0.11% of the dry diet or 3.98% of the protein at 50% protein in the diet. No nutritional deficiency signs were observed in fish fed a lysine-deficient diet for 140 days. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 31-02, page: 0671.


title: Of mockingbirds and butterflies:  A narrative inquiry with adult learners in a Cavendish Farms classroom

contributor:
Lyle, Ellyn (author)
Brookes, Anne-Louise (Thesis advisor)
De Freitas, Elizabeth (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 114 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Adult and Continuing

abstract: Many learners experience feelings of disconnection from their schooling. The literature examining this disengagement tends to focus on necessary curriculum change, suggested system change, and the importance of making the studies meaningful to students. It seems to me, though, that there is little written that discusses with the learners why they have given up on formal schooling. Employing a narrative methodology within a practitioner-research framework, my inquiry examines the stories 4 learners who disengaged from school and have negotiated paths of reconnection. My goal in giving voice to these stories was to enter into a dialogue, both with the learners and the theory, which would help me understand academic disengagement and potential ways to re-engage. In addition to the theory surrounding the methodology and framework, the study considers the theory of voice and the role of literacy in our schooling practises. Finally, those schooling practises are examined as they function in a non-traditional learning centre attended by all 4 participants.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1095.


title: On the unfriendly side of the mountain:  Prince Edward Island secondary students' experiences and perceptions of bullying

contributor:
McHugh-Grudich, Paula (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 124 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Sociology of
Education, Secondary

abstract: Bullying is a serious problem in today's schools, and its impact is far-reaching and devastating. Peer victimization occurs in every school, and educators have a responsibility to address it. This study investigated secondary students in Prince Edward Island, Canada, who identified themselves as having been significantly affected by bullying. In analyzing how the students in the study experience and perceive bullying, as well as the degree to which they feel they can effect change, several implications for educators emerge. Upon analysis of the participants' stories, the following themes are identified and discussed: (1) Experiences as a Target—Commonalities and Anomalies; (2) The Targets' Perceptions of the Bullies in Comparison with the Literature; (3) Coping Strategies and Survival Mechanisms; (4) Remedies: Pessimism versus Optimism; and (5) The Perceived Failure of the School.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0390.

abstract: Adviser:  Graham Pike.


title: Overcoming Barriers: The Perspectives of Aboriginal Women Attending the University of Prince Edward Island

contributor: Critchley, Kim (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McLellan, Debbie (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 126 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Multilingual
Health Sciences, Public Health
Native American Studies

abstract: Education has been identified as having a positive relationship on health; those with more education tend to be healthier. In light of this, the markedly lower education level of Aboriginal Canadians is a significant concern, and the factors that influence Aboriginal retention and completion of post-secondary education deserve analysis.

abstract: To identify factors that positively or negatively affect the experience of Aboriginal students attending the University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI), four Aboriginal women pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees provided their perspectives through interviews. The participants of this study shared rich detail resulting in some clearly identified desired supports, and barrier and supporting factors to their educational experiences. Negative factors that emerged include discrimination and a lack of positive Aboriginal academic role models. Financial challenges also were identified as stress inducing and distracting. Positive factors include family and advocates whose influences were often helpful to the participants in overcoming some negative effects. Some factors were both positive and negative. For instance, family responsibilities often proved the most stressful and time consuming; yet, it was the desire to improve their families' circumstances that motivated these women. Finally, an overarching theme of caring was identified. When the students felt cared for and understood, their grades and confidence improved.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2416.

abstract: Advisers: Kim Critchley; Debbie MacLellan.


title: Palladium(II) complexes as possible chemotherapeutic agents: Synthesis, kinetics of reaction and in vitro screening

contributor:
Corcoran, Alena (author)
Haines, Robert (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 148 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Chemistry, Biochemistry
Chemistry, Inorganic

abstract: This work reports the synthesis and characterization of a series of palladium(II) analogues of cisplatin. The Pd(II) compounds are analogues composed of tridentate polypyridyl chelate ligands with one chloro ligand attached to the palladium metal. A similar binuclear compound previously synthesized was also used in the studies as a comparison for a binuclear compound versus a mononuclear one.

abstract: The kinetics of reaction of guanosine hydrate with [Pd(Terpy)Cl]Cl +, [Pd(BH)Cl]Cl+, [Pd(BMe)Cl]Cl +, [Pd(BEt)Cl]Cl+ and [Pd(BBu)Cl]Cl + were studied under pseudo-first-order conditions using stopped-flow spectrometry. The rate law for each compound was determined to be: Rate = kobs[Pd(ligand)Cl]+ = (k1 + k 2[Gu])[Pd]. From the temperature dependence of [Pd(Terpy)Cl]Cl +, [Pd(BH)Cl]Cl+and [Pd(BBu)Cl]Cl +, activation parameters were calculated using the Eyring equation.

abstract: The five substituted Pd(II) terpy compounds and the binuclear Pd(II) tppz compound were subjected to reaction with calf thymus DNA indicating a positive reaction.

abstract: Octanol-water partition coefficients were calculated for each of the Pd(II) compounds indicating a trend that supports active uptake by cellular membranes based on ligand structure.

abstract: The six Pd(II) compounds were subject to in vitro screening against human ovarian cancer (SKOV3), human breast cancer (MCF7) and human colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines. All six compounds presented significant cytotoxic effects towards all three cell lines. The significance is an increase in toxicity for [Pd(Terpy)Cl]Cl and [Pd(BBu)Cl]Cl.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1520.


title: Parasites in lactating dairy cattle:  Epidemiology and response to treatment

contributor:
Nodtvedt, Ane Christine Wammer (author)
Dohoo, Ian (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 117 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Gastrointestinal nematodes rarely cause signs of clinical disease in adult cattle. However, they have been shown to exert a negative impact on production in lactating animals, as seen by improved production following elimination of the worms using anthelmintics. The epidemiology of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes and chorioptic mange was investigated through a one-year longitudinal study in 38 Canadian dairy herds from four different provinces (Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario and Saskatchewan). For each of the herds included in the study, fecal egg counts from eight randomly selected animals and whole herd mange scores were performed on a monthly or quarterly basis. Larval cultures were performed once, and all producers were interviewed regarding herd management practices using a standardized questionnaire.

abstract: The 28 herds from the two eastern locations were also enrolled in a clinical trial of the effect of treatment with eprinomectin pour-on solution at calving on production. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-03, page: 0657.

abstract: Adviser:  Ian Dohoo.


title: Canine C-reactive protein: Isolation, immunoturbidimetric assay adaptation and evaluation of serum concentration in normal dogs and in dogs with an inflammatory response

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Horney, Barbara (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Novotny, Mark (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 191 electronic application/pdf

abstract: C-reactive protein (CRP) in the canine species was investigated. Canine CRP was successfully isolated from acute phase sera by three consecutive liquid chromatography steps.

abstract: A reliable immunoturbidimetric assay for canine CRP utilizing a Roche COBAS FARA analyzer was developed. Calibration curves were established and method quality was evaluated. The assay was found to be rapid, accurate and precise over its analytical range.

abstract: The immunoturbidimetric assay was used to measure serum CRP concentration in 5 dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomies and in 67 dogs with inflammation as defined by the presence of at least 1.0 $\times$ 10$\sp9$/L band neutrophils in circulation. In the dogs undergoing surgery, the mean serum CRP concentration was significantly increased above baseline concentrations by 28 hours post-operatively, and declined to baseline concentrations by the fifth post-operative day. The dogs with inflammatory leukograms had serum CRP concentrations ranging from 4.7 to 334.3 mg/L. A significant difference in serum CRP concentrations was found between this group of dogs and the 44 normal dogs using a Mann-Whitney rank sum tests. A correlation coefficient (r) comparing band neutrophil counts with CRP concentrations was 0.343, which was significant. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-03, page: 0599.


title: Canine household aggression in the caseload of general veterinary practitioners in maritime Canada

contributor: Leuscher, U.A. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Dohoo, Ian (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Spangler, Elizabeth (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Miller, J.B. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 186 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Canine household aggression, or aggression directed toward people living in the same household or familiar to the dog, is a significant cause of human injury and pet relinquishment, and yet there is very little scientific information available concerning the prevalence and characteristics of aggression in dogs in the general veterinary caseload. Because of the complexity of this behaviour, determining risk factors in a manner that will produce clinically useful results requires the use of large sample sizes, appropriate control groups, and adequate details concerning the dog, the aggression, and the home. A two-part study was undertaken to address this problem. The first phase was a cross-sectional survey of dog owners presenting their pets to one of 20 general veterinary practices in maritime Canada in 1996. Single page questionnaires were completed by 3226 owners. This generated the study population for the second phase of the study, a detailed telephone survey of 515 owners. For the detection of risk factors for aggression, dogs were compared on a case-control basis using both univariate and multivariate analytical techniques. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 38-05, page: 1269.

abstract: Advisers:  L. A. Bate; U. A. Luescher.


title: Caring: A critical element in teaching the early adolescent

contributor: Timmons, Vianne (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 90 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Curriculum and Instruction

abstract: This study examines intermediate teachers' beliefs, thoughts, and perceptions which enable them to be caring, successful and effective at what they do. Five award-winning intermediate teachers from Prince Edward Island were selected, through in-depth interviews those characteristics of care that bind students and teachers together in special ways were examined. An analysis of teacher beliefs and attitudes gathered from their personal stories, suggests that caring is a critical factor in nurturing relationships and cultivating positive, effective, and successful learning environments. From the stories of the participants, several themes emerge that corroborate the findings in the literature. Building relationship, understanding the nature of the adolescent, teaching the child versus teaching the curriculum, and understanding self as teacher were critical factors that surfaced suggesting the significance of caring in teaching the young adolescent. The implications for belonging to community, developing personal bonding styles, and being authentic in the classroom are discussed.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 41-02, page: 0352.

abstract: Adviser: Fiona O'Donoghue.


title: Challenges of Sustainability on Small Islands: Case Study of Weizhou Island, China

contributor:
Ma, Lin (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 91 electronic application/pdf

subject:
History, Asia, Australia and Oceania
Geography
Sustainability
Environmental Sciences

abstract: In a society where development choices are predominantly shaped by monetary economic values, the well-being of the natural environment is neglected. Realizing the so called 'economic progress' could destroy the foundation for all life, and understanding the importance of a healthy ecosystem could assist societies to make better decisions when confronting economic development, and to preserve what we value the most about our homes.

abstract: This thesis looks at the current tourist and industrial activities, as well as future tourism development plans, on a municipal-administered small island - Weizhou Island. It then seeks to explore the impacts of these activities, and to help us understand how the natural well-being entails the opening of a wider range of possibilities for the expression of human civilization.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2352.

abstract: Adviser: Palanisamy Nagarajan.


title: Changes in 17beta-estradiol concentration in autonomic regulatory nuclei following MCAO

contributor: Saleh, Tarek M. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Cribb, Alastair E. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bate, Luis (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Chan, Cathy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lempke, Kip (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 153 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Neuroscience
Biology, Animal Physiology

abstract: Stroke-induced lesions in the insular cortex of the brain have been linked to autonomic dysfunction leading to arrhythmiogenesis and sudden cardiac death. In experimental models, systemic exogenous estrogen has been shown to reduce stroke-induced cell death in the insular cortex. However, estrogen's ability to reduce stroke-induced autonomic dysfunctions appears to be due to its effects at other extra-cortical autonomic regulatory nuclei. We therefore set out to test the hypothesis that estrogen concentrations increase in autonomic nuclei in a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the absence of system changes in estrogen concentrations. Overall, it can be concluded that, in some brain regions, a local response to ischemic damage may occur through local release or increased synthesis of estrogen. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0480.

abstract: Adviser:  Tarek Saleh.


title: Changes in behavioural and leukocyte parameters associated with canine ovariohysterectomy

contributor:
Robblee, Lynn P. (author)
Guy, Norma (Thesis advisor)
Bate, Luis (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 154 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Ovariohysterectomy is one of the most routine surgical procedures performed by veterinary clinicians. Very little, however, is known about the non-reproductive behavioural changes associated with this procedure. The objectives of this study were to determine the non-reproductive behavioural changes associated with ovariohysterectomizing, evaluate if these behaviours were associated with differences in white blood cell counts (as a measure of long-term stress), and determine if these behavioural changes were associated with changes in testosterone concentrations in ovariohysterectomized versus intact bitches.

abstract: One hundred and three bitch owners were recruited from veterinary clientele in Atlantic Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador. Two telephone questionnaires were completed by one hundred and three of the bitch owners of both ovariohysterectomized (test subjects, n=84) and intact bitches (controls, n=19). (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1302.


title: Characterization of Salmonella isolates from beef cattle, broiler chickens and human sources on Prince Edward Island

contributor: Kibenge, Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 112 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Molecular
Biology, Microbiology

abstract: Non typhoid Salmonella serovars remain a potential threat to human and animal health. Infection with Salmonella may not lead to fatal disease but rather it may remain localized in the gastro-intestinal tract resulting in gastroenteritis or may take a septicemic form that can affect several organ systems. Infected food animals that do not develop salmonellosis and those that recover from the disease may become carriers of Salmonella and serve as sources of infection to humans and animals. Apart from being a source of foodborne illness for humans, Salmonella-contaminated food animal carcasses are also of concern because they are a source of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella. This thesis describes studies on Salmonella carrier rate in the caeca of beef cattle and chickens from two meat processing plants on PEI, and comparative analysis of fasted and non-fasted cattle. In addition, drug resistance patterns and virulence characteristics of beef, chicken and human isolates during 1996-1997 were compared and the molecular aspects of virulence genes were investigated. All isolates were also examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of virulence genes, invA and spvC sequence that enable salmonellae to grow and survive as an intracellular pathogen. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 37-03, page: 0867.


title: Characterization of [nickel(cyclam)] CB[8] as an outer-sphere redox agent

contributor: Kerr, Russell (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bissessur, Rabin (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 133 electronic application/pdf

subject: Chemistry, Physical

abstract: Long-range electron transfer reactions play a key role in the life-giving processes of photosynthesis and respiration; however, much is still unknown about electron transfer occurring over extended distances. The focus of this project is to design and study synthetic systems in which electron transfer will be forced to take place over larger than normal distances due to steric bulk surrounding a redox active metal centre. Two approaches are followed – (1) complexing bulky pendant arm macrocycles with redox active metals and (2) encapsulating a redox active metal macrocycle within a bulky host molecule—cucurbit[8]uril.

abstract: The metal pendant arm macrocycles proved to be insoluble in aqueous solutions, excluding them from kinetic studies. The inclusion complex, [Ni(cyclam)]@CB[8], however, is water-soluble at the low concentrations needed for kinetic analysis. Furthermore, the inclusion complex is readily oxidized to the nickel(III) form by the oxidant hexaaquacobalt(III). Upon oxidation, the [NiIII (cyclam)]@CB[8] complex can be used as an oxidant for the benzenediols, hydroquinone and catechol. The results of the above kinetic studies can be directly compared to previous studies involving free NiII(cyclam) as the reductant/oxidant. In this way, the steric effect of the bulky cucurbit[8]uril ring on the rate of electron transfer can be directly accounted for. The results indicate that encapsulation of the Ni(II) macrocycle within cucurbit[8]uril results in a factor of 2 decrease in the rates of electron transfer as compared to that of the free Ni(II) macrocycle. This indicates that steric bulk has a significant effect on the rate of electron transfer, as expected.

abstract: A novel "one-pot" synthesis of the inclusion complex [Ni(cyclam)]@CB[8], as well as the crystal structure of [Cu(cyclam)]@CB[8], showing cyclam in the rare trans-I configuration, will also be reported.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3601.


title: Characterization of interstitial abnormalities in naturally occurring renal disease in dogs

contributor: Horney, Barbara (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Miller, L. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 93 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Pathological alterations and infiltration of T-lymphocytes into the renal cortex of dogs with naturally occurring renal diseases are important in the initiation and progression of renal failure in animals and human beings. Quantification of morphological alterations and identification of the subsets of T-lymphocytes which infiltrates into the canine renal interstitium have not been studied. The objectives of our study were to quantify the histopathological alterations and to characterize the subsets (CD4$\sp+$ and CD8$\sp+$) of infiltrating T-lymphocytes by using morphometrical and immunohistochemical techniques, respectively, in renal tissue from dogs with naturally occurring renal disease.

abstract: Pathologic alterations in the renal cortex were analyzed morphometrically from 39 dogs. Fields from the tissue sections were randomly selected and stereological methodology for morphometry was used. Eleven variables were measured. After morphometry, histopathological categorization was made and grouped (control (I), chronic interstitial nephritis (II), glomerulonephritis (III), amyloidosis (IV), nephrocalcinosis (V) and glomerulonephritis (VI)) according to histopathological findings and final diagnosis submitted by a pathologist from the Atlantic Veterinary College Diagnostic Laboratory. Kidney tissues from normal dogs were used as a control group. Data was analyzed with Minitab statistical software program. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 37-03, page: 0883.

abstract: Adviser: Darcy Shaw.


title: Characterization of the tertiary structure of the de novo designed protein MB-1

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Nijjar, M.S. (Supervisory Committee Member)

subject: Chemistry, Biochemistry

abstract: Milk Bundle-1 (MB-1) is a de novo designed protein with 100 amino acids, having a molecular weight of 11.4 kilodaltons. MB-1 is enriched with 57% of selected essential amino acids (methionine, threonine, lysine and leucine), which are known to be limiting in dairy cattle. Recently, on the basis of a digestibility study, MB-1 was predicted to be unstable in rumen conditions.

abstract: Characterization of the protein's structure was achieved using fluorescence spectroscopy (steady state measurements). MB-1 contains one tyrosine at position 62, expected to be in position "d" of helix III, in the hydrophobic core. Data obtained using fluorescence quenching indicates that the tyrosine is protected from the solvent in the putative hydrophobic core, as per design.

abstract: Once it was established that MB-1 was not misfolded, further experiments were done to assess the fluidity of its hydrophobic core. For this, the amphiphillic dye ANSA was used. Results obtained for MB-1 compare favourably to those of many natural proteins, suggesting that MB-1 has achieved some degree of nativeness. Interestingly, MB-1 was found to exclude ANSA from its hydrophobic core more efficiently than all other de novo designed proteins reported to date.

abstract: Finally, an analysis of folding thermodynamics of MB-1 was attempted. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of tyrosine was not sensitive to unfolding, making thermodynamic data impossible to obtain.

abstract: Analysis of the data on MB-1 as compared to other natural proteins indicates that MB-1 is folded and compact. The lack of resistance to proteases must be caused by other factors other than the lack of compactness or misfolding. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 36-06, page: 1623.

abstract: Adviser: Marc Beauregard.


title: Chondrogenesis and lamprin expression in developmental stages of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

contributor: Ireland, Bill (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hall, Brian (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 199 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Oceanography
Biology, Animal Physiology
Biology, Zoology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Ultrastructural and molecular aspects of chondrogenesis in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus were examined. An in situ hybridization (ISH) protocol was developed and used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of lamprin, a structural protein unique to lamprey cartilage, in metamorphic and prolarval stages. This protocol enabled the detection of lamprin expression in all lamprey cartilages, with the exception of branchial and pericardial cartilage. The absence of lamprin transcripts in branchial and pericardial cartilage may indicate differential expression of the two known lamprin genes. Chondrogenesis of the trabecular cartilage in prolarval stages was examined by ISH, light and electron microscopy. Similar to cartilages in metamorphic lamprey and higher vertebrates, chondrogenesis of trabecular cartilages in prolarva commenced with the formation of mesenchymal condensations. Epithelio-mesenchymal interactions appeared to perform a role in induction of chondrogenesis.

abstract: The temporal developmental pattern of trabecular cartilages in prolarval stages likely reflects the functional importance of these structures for protecting the brain as the animal assumes burrowing behaviour. It is concluded that certain aspects of chondrogenesis are critical to the normal development of a functional cartilaginous structure and are therefore conserved throughout the vertebrate taxa. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 34-01, page: 0244.

abstract: Adviser: Glenda M. Wright.


title: Chondrogenesis of the branchial cartilage during embryogenesis of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

contributor: Dawson, Susan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lacroix, Christian (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 123 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Anatomy
Biology, Zoology

abstract: The cartilaginous skeleton of the lamprey, unlike all other vertebrate cartilages, is non-collagenous. Previous studies have shown that there are two distinct types of cartilage present in lamprey characterized by their unique extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Most skeletal elements contain lamprin as the major structural protein. However, branchial cartilages contain a second, as yet unnamed non-collagenous protein. The objective of this study was to provide concise temporal and spatial characteristics of branchial chondrogenesis in embryonic lamprey. Morphological and ultrastructural aspects of branchial cartilage chondrogenesis in the embryonic sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, were examined using light and transmission electron microscopy to determine if this unique cartilage followed similar stages of development as the lamprin-based cartilage and the collagen-based cartilage of all other vertebrates. Branchial cartilage condensations first appeared in the mid-region of the third pharyngeal arch representing the first branchial arch at 13 days post-fertilization (pf). Unlike other vertebrate cartilage condensations, condensing cells in the lamprey branchial arches initially appeared as a one cell wide orderly stack, resembling a stack of coins, with cells closely apposed to each other. This ordered pattern was retained throughout development. By 20 days pf, the extracellular matrix surrounding the branchial chondrocytes was arranged in two layers: a subperichondrial layer of mainly collagen fibrils and a territorial layer of ECM protein in the form of beaded fibrils concentrically arranged around the chondrocytes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 38-05, page: 1249.

abstract: Adviser:  Glenda Wright.


title: Comparative susceptibilities of salmonids to Lepeophtheirus salmonis infections:  Biochemical and physiological studies

contributor: Whyte, Shona (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 169 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Animal Physiology
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate possible mechanisms behind the differential susceptibility of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch), rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection. Baseline levels of a number of innate immune factors in fish mucus and plasma were examined to establish a foundation from which to examine immunological, biochemical and physiological changes associated with lice infection. Finally, the response of lice to mucus of different species was examined.

abstract: For the sea lice challenge experiment, rainbow trout, coho and Atlantic salmon were cohabited to ensure equal sea lice infection levels. To determine the response of lice to the mucus of different species, live lice were incubated in the presence of fish skin mucus or seawater. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-03, page: 0634.

abstract: Advisers:  John F. Bunka; Neil W. Ross.


title: Comparison of nucleic acid hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation for detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) in bovine semen

contributor: Markham, R.F. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lopez, A. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lofstedt, R.M. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 145 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Agriculture, Animal Pathology

abstract: Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an economically important viral agent causing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV), infectious pustular balanoposthitis, encephalitis, conjunctivitis, enteritis, abortion and immunosuppression in cattle. The virus which is frequently found in bovine semen can be transmitted by artificial insemination internationally, and is correlated with reduced fertility and abnormal fetal development. Therefore, the detection of BHV-1 in artificial insemination centres and semen banks is of prime importance to the cattle industry. The objective of this study was to optimize virus isolation, dot blot hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of BHV-1 in bovine semen and to compare the sensitivity of these three methods for detection of BHV-1 in bovine semen.

abstract: Two 18 month-old, BHV-1 seronegative bulls were experimentally infected with 2 mL of 10$\sp5$ TCID$\sb{50}$/50 $\mu$L of BHV-1 via their prepuces. The semen samples, nasal swabs, prepucial swabs and serum samples were collected 7 days before infection and on days 0, 4, 10, 20, 30, and 40 after infection. Only the semen sample of Bull 1 collected at day 4 was positive by dot blot hybridization, and semen samples from both bulls at day 4 were positive by either virus isolation or PCR with ethidium bromide staining. On the other hand, semen samples which were collected from both bulls on days 4, 10, 20, and 30, and from Bull 1 at day 40 after infection, were positive by PCR with Southern blot hybridization. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 34-01, page: 0191.

abstract: Co-Advisers: Frederick Kobenge; Carmencita V. Yason.


title: Comparison of phenobarbital and potassium bromide monotherapies in the treatment of canine epilepsy

contributor: Ihle, Sherri (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Burton, Shelley (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Chan, Cathy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, Andrew (Supervisory Committee Member)

subject:
Health Sciences, Pharmacology
Biology, Animal Physiology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: A one-year clinical trial was conducted to compare phenobarbital and potassium bromide (KBr) monotherapies in the treatment of canine idiopathic epilepsy. The purpose of this research was to investigate which of these two anticonvulsants veterinarians should recommend as the drug of first choice in canine epileptic therapy. Aims of the study were the following: (1) to identify which drug was safer and more effective with fewer associated adverse effects and better seizure control, (2) to determine the incidence and time of onset of adverse effects associated with either drug, and (3) to determine if any risk factors exist for the development of adverse effects with either drug.

abstract: The study subjects were 63 client-owned pet dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. The phenobarbital treatment group consisted of 30 dogs, and the KBr treatment group consisted of 33 dogs. After enrolment into the study and initiation of drug therapy, each dog was re-evaluated by their veterinarian at 1, 4 and 12 months of treatment. Data collection occurred prior to the start of the drug (Time 0), and at each of the 3 subsequent veterinary visits. Results from physical examinations, detailed medical and seizure histories, serum biochemical analyses, complete blood count (CBC) analyses and serum drug concentrations were evaluated. Data analysis included comparisons between the two treatment groups with respect to seizure frequency and severity, incidence of adverse effects and results of serum biochemistry and CBC analyses. Correlations between the incidence of adverse effects and signalment variables, drug dosage, serum drug concentration, and length of therapy were also performed within each treatment group.

abstract: Results of the study showed that KBr monotherapy was associated with worse seizure control and a higher incidence of adverse effects compared to phenobarbital monotherapy. These adverse effects included lethargy, skin problems, vomiting, pancreatitis, inappropriate defecation and hyperactivity. More dogs in the KBr treatment group failed to complete the study due to poor seizure control or intolerable adverse effects. Phenobarbital therapy was associated with a higher proportion of dogs that developed significant elevations in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. There were no dogs in either group that developed clinical hepatotoxicity. Seizure frequency and severity decreased with increased time of drug therapy for both phenobarbital and KBr. No significant correlations were found between drug dosage, serum drug concentration, or length of therapy and the incidence of adverse effects reported in either drug group.

abstract: These results show that phenobarbital should be recommended as the drug of first choice in canine anticonvulsant therapy because it is both safer and more effective. In the cases of epileptic dogs with liver disease, KBr should be prescribed instead as it is not metabolized by the liver and is not reported to cause hepatotoxicity. The results of this study will aid in the development of safer and more appropriate recommendations and guidelines for anticonvulsant therapy in dogs.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1489.


title: Comparison of the effects of xylazine bolus versus medetomidine constant rate infusion in horses anesthetised with isoflurane

contributor: Lamont, Leigh (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Gelens, Hans (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Beraud, R. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 95 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Inhalant anesthesia in horses carries a high rate of complications and mortality, despite its common use (1-4).

abstract: Medetomidine, a selective alpha2 agonist, is approved in North America for use in dogs only (5). However, it is often used in horses as part of a balanced anesthetic protocol by using a constant rate infusion (CRI) of medetomidine and a reduced concentration of isoflurane (6). The premise behind this technique is that the lower concentration of isoflurane may result in less cardiovascular depression, while the addition of medetomidine provides supplemental analgesia and muscle relaxation, and smoothes recoveries (6, 7). Although a medetomidine CRI during isoflurane anesthesia has been evaluated in horses, no studies exist which compare a CRI of medetomidine to conventional xylazine bolus therapy using the same group of horses, breathing spontaneously in dorsal recumbency, without the influence of surgery.

abstract: This thesis has three principle sections. The first presents background information and a literature review relevant to the study as a whole. The second section describes the cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of medetomidine CRI compared to conventional therapy with xylazine. Finally, the third section describes the stress responses and recovery characteristics of medetomidine CRI compared to conventional therapy with xylazine.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2294.


title: Comparison of the haemagglutinin genotype with the antigenic type of infectious salmon anaemia virus

contributor: Ikede, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, David J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lewis, P. Jeffrey (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Griffiths (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 103 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) has been recognized as affecting salt-water farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in Norway since 1984. The first disease outbreak outside of Norway occurred in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada, in 1996 and has since occurred in Scotland, the USA and Denmark. The goal of this study was to further investigate the haemagglutinin (HA) genotype of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in relation to its antigenic type. It was hypothesized that (a) ISAV, being an orthomyxovirus-like virus, may have similar characteristics to other members of Orthomyxoviridae ; (b) genetic variation in the HA gene of ISAV has led to two antigenically distinct isolates and may be responsible for pathogenic differences; and (c) the CHSE-214 cell line may give a better assessment of virus neutralization than the TO cell line. This study supports the original observation that the two HA genotypes of ISAV do differ antigenically. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 42-02, page: 0529.

abstract: Adviser: Frederick S. B. Kibenge.


title: Compounds of Vaccinium macrocarpon inhibit DU145 human prostate cancer cells

contributor: Gottaschall-Pass, Katherine (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Teather, Kevin (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 178 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Cell

abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in North American males. A series of in vitro studies were conducted to examine the effect of compounds from the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) on the behavior of DU145 human prostate cancer cells. These compounds (Proanthocyanidin [Pacs], Flavonol [Flays], Ursolic acid [UA]) were hypothesized to be the principle contributors to previous research where  V. macrocarpon treatment of DU145 cells was found to induce apoptosis and changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Pacs treatment of DU145 cells induced apoptosis by up-regulating the protein expression of intrinsic pro-apoptotic proteins culminating in induction of the final stages of apoptosis, poly ADP-ribose protein (PARP) cleavage and nucleosome formation. Flay treatment of DU145 human prostate cells also induces apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. These inductions led to cytochrome c induction leading to DNA cleavage, but without the PARP cleavage normally present in apoptosis induction. UA, a compound found in the skin of cranberries, was studied for its ability to induce changes in the activity of MMPs released from DU 145 cells. UA inhibited the activity of MMP-9, Pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2. UA treatment of DU145 cells induces the expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases -1/-2 (TIMP-1/-2). Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase protein inducer (EMMPRIN) and reversion inducing cysteine rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK), two regulators of MMP activity, were both inhibited by UA treatment of DU145 cells. Cell signaling pathways associated with the regulation of MMP activity by UA were also evaluated. It was observed that the effect of UA was mediated through a MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner. These results suggest that V. macrocarpon is a viable and important source of anti-cancer compounds.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2238.


title: Connecting spiritual values and sustainable farming and fishing practices on Prince Edward Island and Cyprus

contributor:
Salvo, Ariana (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 258 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Religion, General
Anthropology, Cultural
Agriculture, General
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: In a world where development choices are predominantly shaped by capitalist economic values, the importance of spiritual values in maintaining individual and community identity and culture is often overlooked. Being conscious of the relationship between the island environment and spiritual values could assist islanders to make decisions that preserve what they truly value about their islands. Farming and fishing have traditionally played an important role in shaping island culture and identity, and continue to represent a vital connection to the land and sea. This thesis looks at literature that addresses the spiritual relationship between humans and the natural world from various faith traditions. It then explores how the interactions between Cypriot and Prince Edward Island farmers and fishers, and their environment, could help us understand how values are shaped by place, how place is in turn shaped by values, and the ways in which beliefs find expression in work ethics.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3220.


title: Consequences of social stress and the influence of flavouring agents on ingestive behaviour of feedlot steers

contributor: Donald, Alan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Amend, James (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lirette, Andre (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tennessen, Tarjei (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 86 electronic application/pdf

abstract: A first study was carried out to determine the effect of decreasing the access to feeder space on several behavioral and performance parameters. There was no difference in the rate of intake between groups A and C, and total intake between groups A and B. Groups A and B appeared to have established definite feeding orders (p $<$ 0.01). Group C had a less established feeding order than A or B (p $<$ 0.05). A second study was designed to determine the effect of adding flavouring agents to grass silage at feeding time on intake. The flavouring agents chosen were monosodium glutamate (MSG), aspartame (Asp), sodium chloride (NaCl), and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Results suggest that addition of MSG may be of possible practical use as a silage additive to increase silage intake by feedlot steers. It can be concluded that a certain level of competition can increase feed consumption in group feeding situations, and that animals do not benefit from being fed individually. This study also suggests that addition of certain flavouring agents to silage may alter intake of silage by feedlot steers. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0517.


title: Crenosoma vulpis and the domestic dog: A study of prevalence on Prince Edward Island and of new diagnostic approaches

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Cawthorn, Rick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Horney, Barbara (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Shaw, Darcy (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 94 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Crenosoma vulpis is a metastrongyloid lung parasite which infects the bronchioles, bronchi, and trachea of wild and domestic canids and other carnivores. The infection cannot be diagnosed with standard fecal flotation examinations carried out at most veterinary clinics. Clinical signs of C. vulpis infection include chronic cough, wheezing, and decreased quality of life and closely mimic signs of canine allergic respiratory disease, which appears to be relatively common in dogs in the Atlantic Canadian region. Suspicions that the infection may have been previously misdiagnosed led to a study to determine the impact of C. vulpis infection on dogs on Prince Edward Island. The first objective was to determine the estimated prevalence of C. vulpis infection in PEI dogs. The second objective was to determine the proportion of PEI dogs infected with C. vulpis among those with clinical signs such as chronic cough. The third objective of the study consisted of developing a more sensitive diagnostic test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the detection of antibodies to C. vulpis antigens in serum. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 37-03, page: 0883.

abstract: Adviser: Gary Conboy.


title: Cryopreservation of Artic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa

contributor: Ogilvie, Tim (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnson, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Pringle, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Beauregard, Marc (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 99 electronic application/pdf

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: A simple, inexpensive method of cryopreserving Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa in liquid nitrogen vapour has been further developed for practical use in the fish farming industry. Pre-freeze and post-thaw viability of semen were evaluated after mixing with cryopreservative solutions varying in complexity. Glycerol at 20% of extender volume decreased the motility of Arctic charr spermatozoa prior to freezing, lengthened freezing point plateaus, slowed freezing rates inside the straw, and lowered the post-thaw viability of spermatozoa compared to either dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylacetamide (DMA) at 10% of extender volume. Extenders containing DMSO or DMA and 0.3 M glucose elicited Arctic charr and rainbow trout spermatozoa motility prior to freezing. These extenders enabled spermatozoa to retain motility, after dilution in 0.12 M NaCl, for up to four minutes. Extender formulation also influenced the post-thaw viability of cryopreserved Arctic charr and rainbow trout sperm. Extenders containing a simple 0.3 M glucose diluent gave post-thaw viability results which had either not significantly different or significantly higher levels of post-thaw motility, lower percentages of dead cells and higher percentages of eyed eggs than the more complex diluents for both Arctic charr and rainbow trout spermatozoa. Post-thaw fertility rates were higher for Arctic charr semen cryopreserved in DMSO or DMA than for semen cryopreserved in glycerol. Fertility rates were higher for rainbow trout semen cryopreserved in DMA than for semen cryopreserved in DMSO. There was no difference in post-thaw results due to warm $(30\sp\circ$C) or cold (3-$5\sp\circ$C) water thaw temperatures. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 36-02, page: 0435.

abstract: Adviser: Mary McNiven.


title: Cyclopentyl-adenosine decreases caspase-3 activity and LDH release following simulated ischemia in cerebellar granule neurons

contributor:
Rigley, Sarah Theresa (author)
Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Thesis advisor)
Tasker, Andrew (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 148 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Neuroscience

abstract: Activation of adenosine A1 receptors in vivo or  in vitro, prior to simulated ischemic insults have been demonstrated to be neuroprotective. Preconditioning with A1 receptor agonists, both  in vivo and in vitro, has been shown to induce neuroprotective effects against necrosis even when administered 24–72 hours before ischemic insult. This thesis examined the neuroprotective effects of the selective A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclopentyl-adenosine (CPA), against both apoptotic and necrotic cell death following simulated ischemia in cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons. Using antibodies directed towards neuronal nuclear protein and glial fibrillary acid protein, the purity of cerebellar granule cell cultures was found to be 98.6 ± 0.4%. This indicates that the results from these experiments were likely mediated by effects of the drugs and simulated ischemia on neurons and not astrocytes. To determine if the neuroprotection induced by CPA treatment was mediated by activation of A1 receptors, a concentration response curve for DPCPX was generated in the presence and absence of 1μM CPA. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 42-02, page: 0538.

abstract: Advisers: Marva I. Sweeney-Nixon; Andrew Tasker.