identifier: Beaudoin-Lietz, Christa A. M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Beaudoin-Lietz=3AChrista_A=2E_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Aspects of certain intransitivizing postbases and of a transitivizing postbase in Labrador Inuttut.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study concerns itself with certain intransitivizing postbases and a transitivizing postbase in Labrador Inuttut, a dialect of Inuktitut currently spoken mostly in five settlements of the Labrador coast. A verb classification is provided, according to the possible combinations of the postbases under investigation with verbal stems. The verbs are selected from a dictionary of the Labrador dialect produced by Inuit: "Labrador Inuit Uqausingit"; all forms of the classification are elicited by consulting five native speakers. -- Aspects of intransitivizers and issues related to transitivity in some grammars of other Eastern Dialects of Inuktitut are presented. -- For Labrador Inuttut, the intransitivizing post bases and the transitivizing one are distinguished from other homonymous postbases, and their phonological form is established. The postbase analysis is followed by the verbal stem classification. This classification provides distributional patterns with respect to the co-occurrence of the postbases with verbal stems. It is observed that morphological categories show a tendency to coincide with major semantic categories of verbal stems.


identifier: Spurrell, Margaret Nancy. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Spurrell=3AMargaret_Nancy=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1975) An investigation of the effect of presentation of pictorial accompaniments with mathematical word problems upon the ability of grade ten students to arrive at a correct solution to the problem.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract: Purpose. The purpose of the present study  was to compare the results of mathematics word problems solved by tenth-grade students when these problems were presented in three different forms: in word form only or as Type-A questions, in word form accompanied by an accurate pictorial representation of the problem or as Type-B questions, and in word form accompanied by an inaccurate pictorial representation of the problem or as Type-C questions. -- Sample. The sample consisted of 90 "good", 98 "average" and 92 "poor" tenth-grade students. These 280 students were selected from ten schools chosen at random from the geographic region east of Grand Falls, Newfoundland (inclusive) and south of Carmanville, Newfoundland (inclusive). Each of these 280 was selected on the basis of agreement by at least two of his mathematics teachers that the student satisfied the study definition of a "good", "average", or "poor" problem solver. -- Hypotheses tested. The nine hypotheses tested in this study can be grouped into three. They are: -- 1. "Good", "average" and "poor" problem solvers score significantly higher on problems given as Type-B questions than they do on these same problems given as Type-A questions. -- 2. "Good", "average" and "poor" problem solvers score significantly higher on problems given as Type-B questions than they do on these same problems given as Type-C questions. -- 3. "Good", "average" and "poor" problem solvers score significantly higher on problems given as Type-A questions than they do on these same problems given as Type-C questions. -- Method and procedures. Three alternate tests, Tests I, II and III were developed for the study. Each test contained the same 21 items. Seven of these 21 test items were Type-A questions, seven were Type-B questions and seven were Type-C questions. The seven Type-A questions on Test I appeared as Type-B questions on Test II and as Type-C questions on Test III. All tests were administered by the investigator. Each participating student was given one 2-hour afternoon session within which to complete the test he received. -- The hypotheses of the study were tested by using three one-way analyses of variance followed in each case by a Scheffé test of multiple comparisons. The scores from the Type-A, Type-B and Type-C questions were used to test the hypotheses. The .05 level of confidence was set for all hypothesis testing. -- The reliability of the testing instrument was found by using the scores from the study. The split-half procedure was followed and the adjusted Pearson-Product Moment Correlation Coefficients were found to be .83 for Test I, .77 for Test II and .83 for Test III. -- Results and conclusions. The analysis of the data resulted in the acceptance of hypotheses I and II and the rejection of hypothesis III. -- These results seem to indicate that tenth-grade students do find the accompaniment of accurate pictorial representations with mathematics word problems helpful in solving these problems. The results failed to support the opinion that the accompaniment of inaccurate pictorial representations with mathematics word problems will misdirect the student and result in significantly lower scores than if no pictorial accompaniment were present.


identifier: Kendell, Sharon E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kendell=3ASharon_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) An investigation into stress factors and levels of stress as perceived by regular classroom teachers of Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was designed to: (1) identify elements in the teaching environment which regular classroom teachers in Newfoundland and Labrador perceive as being stressful; (2) determine to what degree stress is being experienced by teachers; (3) compare the findings in (1) and (2) for teachers of the three teaching levels, primary, elementary, and high school; (4) examine the different biographical subgroups. -- A review of the literature revealed the current theories of stress and the approaches used to measure stress as experienced by individuals of the teaching profession. -- The instrument used in this study was the Wilson Stress Profile for Teachers, published in 1979, by Dr. Christopher Wilson. To supplement this scale, an additional section, consisting of items relating to unique provincial concerns, titled the Local Scale, was included, as was a biographical information sheet. -- The sample consisted of 582 teachers from all school boards in the province, comprised of representative numbers of primary, elementary and secondary teachers. -- Issues of Time Management, Parent/Teacher Relations and Intrapersonal Conflicts, in that order, were perceived as being the most stressful by teachers of all categories. The teachers reported difficulties in the preparation, delivery, and evaluation of classroom work; also, parental attitudes and pressures were cited as major sources of concern. -- The stress levels reported represented a high moderate degree of stress. The degree to which regular classroom teachers experienced stress, as measured by the WSPT and the Local Scale, revealed no significant differences between the teacher categories of primary, elementary, and secondary. It has been concluded, based upon the results of this study, that, regardless of teaching level, teachers are perceiving and experiencing the same amount of stress. -- The biographical variables studied did not vary in their contribution to the total level of stress; however, variations were revealed upon analysis of the components of each variable with regards to the sample population and teacher category. The results also revealed that perceived stress was related to physiological and psychological well-being. -- As a result of these findings, recommendations were made for further study and for action to be taken, in order to better understand, cope with and utilize the phenomenon of stress.


identifier: Kennedy, Leonie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kennedy=3ALeonie=3A=3A.html>   (1982) An investigation of the level and sources of professional stress as perceived by specialist teachers of Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The general purpose of this study was to determine the level of stress specialist teachers in this province are experiencing and to identify which on-the-job stressors are contributing to this level of stress. The study also hoped to determine if specialist teachers differed in level and type of stress. Biographical variables of sex, age, teacher certificate level, length of teaching experience, school's student enrolment, class size and number of sick days taken were also examined in relationship to perceived levels of stress. -- During the months of April, May, and June, the data were collected for the study, by means of a 3-part questionnaire. Part I obtained the biographical data from the participants, while Part II (the Wilson Stress Profile for Teachers - WSPT) and Part III (the Local Scale, devised for the study), identified stressors and level of reported stress. -- Approximately eight hundred teachers, who were randomly selected to represent the population of Newfoundland teachers, completed the questionnaire. Of those eight hundred, 210 represented specialist teachers. This 210 were the sample used for this study. -- The major findings of the study suggested that specialist teachers, regardless of their area of specialty, are experiencing similar levels of stress in our schools. As well, regular classroom teachers (Kendell, 1982) and specialist teachers did not differ significantly in level and type of reported stress. The scores represent a "low/moderate" level of stress for this sample. -- Results of the study revealed that the stressors of Time Management and Parent/Teacher Relations created significantly more stress than the other categories of the WSPT. On the Local Scale specialist teachers indicated that insufficient outlets in the community, the reorganized high school program, and little input into decision making were particular sources of stress. -- Related to biographical variables and the WSPT, it was found that the specialists from a school with an enrolment of 201-400 students reported a greater mean level of stress than specialists in smaller or larger schools. Finally, the results indicated that perceived job stress is highly correlated to psychological, somatic and health related problems. -- A number of recommendations were made by the researcher for the improvement of pre-service programs, and the development of in-service programs in the area of stress management. Personal and organizational strategies for dealing with job stress were suggested. Moreover, recommendations for future research which derived from this study were included.


identifier: Hodych, Carolyn Ellen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hodych=3ACarolyn_Ellen=3A=3A.html>   (1976) An investigation of the lamellae in human acellular cementum as a possible means of determining biological age.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In many species of non-human mammals the number of growth lines in the dentin and cementum reliably reflects the animal's biological age. In humans only cementum continues to be formed throughout life and usually does not undergo extensive resorption. It also has a laminated appearance. Therefore, it is possible that the growth lines in human cementum may reflect a person's biological age. -- The sample investigated includes 25 teeth removed for pathological reasons, 2 teeth removed from one cadaver and 2 teeth from an ancient burial site. The teeth, embedded in Bioplastic, were sectioned at mid-root; then ground and polished, and etched in a solution of detergent and water (0.6 cc Ivory liquid detergent to 250 cc tap water) for 8-24 hours. The prepared specimens were then observed in reflected light and interference contrast. Composite photographs were made of the entire cementum thickness at one location on the tooth's circumference. Lamellae seen in each composite photograph were plotted on a graph where one axis represents the number of visible lamellae and the other axis represents the cumulative thickness of the lamellae. -- Observations (x63 objective) of the etched surface revealed the presence of thin (1/3 - 3 microns) lamellae in all samples (excepting the two archeological specimens). There was no noticeable difference between the size and appearance of lamellae in pathological and cadaver teeth. Lamellae formed during the first 20 years of cementum deposition are generally more clearly defined than those formed later in life. Older teeth usually have large gaps in the sequence of lamellae seen in the outer half of the cementum thickness. No simple one to one relationship was found between the number of lamellae present and the number of years of cementum deposition. However, teeth with 20 years cementum deposition or less have approximately 4 times as many lamellae as years of deposition. -- Cementum thickness data obtained in this study was compared with that provided by Zander and Hürzeller (1958). A simple straight-line relationship does not seem to describe adequately the relationship between cementum deposition and age. For the sample examined here, cementum thickness seems to increase at a fairly constant and even rate during the first 20 years of deposition and then level off. -- Teeth from the same mouth were compared for similarities in their acellular cemental lamellae patterns. None were found. Local conditions seem to have a more direct influence on the cementum than any biological rhythm which might be present. -- Cementum from young female teeth was compared with that from young male teeth. No differences were found in the size and appearance of the lamellae. However, female teeth showed visible lamellae throughout the entire cementum thickness more often. Male teeth usually showed noticeable discontinuities in the sequence of visible lamellae throughout the cementum thickness.


identifier: Anderson, James Glenn <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Anderson=3AJames_Glenn=3A=3A.html>   (1981) An investigation into the concept of paragraph awareness and its implications for the teaching of composition.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purposes of this study were as follows: to provide an exhaustive review of the literature dealing with the notion of paragraph; to determine whether selected grade nine students were sufficiently cognizant of the concept of paragraph to be able to differentiate between units of print which were paragraphs and units of print which were not paragraphs; and to provide suggestions dealing with curriculum and instruction of the paragraph. -- The subjects for this study were 331 grade nine students from four high schools in Newfoundland. The schools are located in four distinct geographical regions of the province. -- A ten-item test was administered to the subjects. The test was comprised of five items that were paragraphs and five items that were non-paragraphs. -- The results suggested that, in general, the subjects could not differentiate between paragraph and non-paragraph items. This inability was interpreted as reflecting a lack of knowledge on the part of the subjects as to what a paragraph is. -- Recommendations for teacher training programs, curriculum and instruction modifications, and further research were proposed.


identifier: Schwoeffermann, Catherine Ann <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Schwoeffermann=3ACatherine_Ann=3A=3A.html>   (1981) An exploration of the November fifth bonfire celebration in Brigus, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In many parts of Newfoundland the November fifth Bonfire Night is still a strong and vital tradition. This study focuses on one particular community's enactment of the occasion. In Brigus, Conception Bay, the bonfire celebration has maintained its popularity up to the present day, in spite of the fact that other social occasions of the community have been altered by "modernization." -- The Brigus celebration can be divided into two distinct types of bonfire events, familial and neighbourhood-groups of adolescents. Each of these share common characteristics which include physio-spatial location of the fire, socio-spatial location of the fire, participation, means of collecting materials, and representation of everyday norms and ideals. Though all of these involve a degree of movement, the manner in which movement is expressed in the characteristics of each of the respective events is quite different. In the family events the movement is inward-directed and expressive of the maintenance of family unity, while the neighbourhood-group events are outward-directed and are representative of a more extended exploration of the surrounding natural and social environment. These two different types of movement, in turn, display and express attitudes and meanings that exist outside of the celebratory context. In effect, the celebration can be looked at as a stylized rendition of idealized norms concerning two different stages of childhood in Brigus, early childhood and adolescence.


identifier: Barrie, John Dickie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Barrie=3AJohn_Dickie=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Diversity of marine benthic communities from nearshore environments on the Labrador and Newfoundland coasts.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The structure and species diversity of benthic communities were examined from samples collected by SCUBA and Shipek grab from sand bottoms on the Labrador coast and in Conception Bay Newfoundland. The effects of the physical environment on the benthic community were studied using the factors of depth, distance offshore, substrate type, substrate diversity and exposure to open water. -- Two communities were found in the areas surveyed; one on finer sands in protected environments characterized by Prionospio steenstrupi and Pectinaria granulata and one on coarser sands in more exposed environments characterized by Diastylis sp. and Nephtys longosetosa. Three species found in Labrador, Laonome kröyeri, Amphiophiura convexa and Onisimus affinis were new records for the Labrador coast. -- Species diversity was found to be greatest at medium exposures, where heterogeneity of the environment was greatest and on substrates with the greatest diversity of grain sizes. Variations in numbers of species between Newfoundland and Labrador and between sites with similar physical conditions was found to be due to non-burrowing species. Attempts were made to explain differences in number of species for sites on the Labrador coast and between Newfoundland and Labrador sites as the basis of differences in exposure, substrate conditions and predation.


identifier: Abdel-Gawad, Shaden Tawfik <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Abdel-Gawad=3AShaden_Tawfik=3A=3A.html>   (1980) Correlation between geotechnical and acoustic properties of marine sediments, outer Placentia Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Marine sediment samples collected by a Benthos piston corer and a Van Veen grab sampler from the floor of outer Placentia Bay have been subjected to a wide range of acoustic and geotechnical measurements. The parameters determined were subjected to a correlation analysis as part of a comprehensive study to determine relationships between geotechnical properties and the parameters measured by various investigation techniques. The regional and surficial geology of the Placentia Bay area is briefly reviewed. -- Measurements of sound velocity on eight sediment core samples and related values of acoustic impedance are reported. Consolidation and shear strength data, as well as determinations of the index properties and particle size characteristics of the sampled sediments are presented. The output from impact cone penetrometer tests in the seabed near the core locations has been evaluated in light of the measured geotechnical properties. An expression to relate the dynamic resistance of the impact cone penetrometer to quasi-static cone resistance is postulated. -- Both linear and non-linear regression analysis, using digital computation, have been used to establish relationships between various parameters and the degree of correlation in each case. The analysis has, for the sediment data evaluated, identified relationships between a) various geotechnical properties, b) acoustic and geotechnical properties and c) cone parameters and acoustic and geotechnical properties. In addition, a number of elastic constants of the sediments have been determined.


identifier: Lamson, Cynthia <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lamson=3ACynthia=3A=3A.html>   (1978) "Bloody decks and a bumper crop": the rhetoric of counter-protest.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In Newfoundland, sealing has been a traditional activity for centuries. Despite the fact that the number of ships and men who go to the ice has declined steadily since the late eighteenth century, the whitecoat hunt continues, providing additional income and adventure for men after a long and dreary winter. In the last decade, the hunt has become the focus of attention which has evolved into an international controversy and business in its own right. Initially, conservationists and humane societies were concerned about killing methods and species population, but federal government regulation and supervision corrected blatant abuses. The second wave of protest brought sophisticated urbanite ecologists to the scene, and with emotional appeals through the media, they created an outraged public who demanded a moratorium on the hunt. -- Newfoundlanders first regarded the protest as amusing, but as the threat became more apparent, frequent expressions of counter-protest circulated through newspapers, radio and television programs, and in other public spheres. This thesis argues that counter-protest is a distinctive theme which has culturally-specific rhetorical arguments. Using examples from letters-to-the-editor columns, calls to open-line radio programs, and other sources, I have constructed a typology of expressive strategies which are employed regardless of the form of counter-protest, or the background of the individual expressing such sentiments. -- Emphasis on counter-protest poetry and songs is an effort to demonstrate the continuity of traditional expressive behavior in Newfoundland. Verse-making has long been a popular and respected activity, and sealing has been the theme of innumerable compositions. The esoteric nature of the occupation further contributes to its ability to excite the imagination, and there is continuing public admiration for swilers and their ships. -- Newfoundlanders interpret the protest as an assault on their character and integrity, and their expressions reveal a defiant determination to protect their heritage and independence. In contrast, the environmentalists argue from a different perspective, one that encompasses a global ecosystem, and for this reason, it is unlikely the two sides will ever agree about the whitecoat hunt.


identifier: Walsh, Kenneth P. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Walsh=3AKenneth_P=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Economic operation of variable-head hydro-thermal electric power systems using Newton method.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis the optimum generation schedules for systems with variable-head hydro plants are developed. The scheduling problem is solved by use of the Newton-Raphson method where the coordination equations developed by Richard-Kron are employed. Several power systems containing different numbers of plants are considered. --  The problem's formulation is profiled and details of the development of the coordination equations with variable-head hydro systems and the discretization of these equations for computer solution are outlined. --  Also highlighted are the difficulties encountered with excess computer processing time due to large arrays and how these problems are resolved. Methods for generating the initial estimates of the variables are presented. --  Results from three test systems are given and, in addition, evaluation tests for the algorithm's response to changes in the system's variables are detailed. --  Coordination equations for systems with transport delay problems resulting from being hydraulically coupled are presented. --  In addition, complete documentation of the computer program is included.


identifier: Carter, John Andrew <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Carter=3AJohn_Andrew=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Attraction to and selection of prey by immature lobsters (Homarus americanus).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Little is known of the diet of immature lobsters (Homarus americanus). Attraction to and selection of prey by immature lobsters in Newfoundland were the subject of the present study. -- The relative attractiveness of extracts of Asterias vulgaris, Cancer irroratus, Mytilus edulis, and Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis were determined by observing behaviour of immature lobsters. All extracts, except that of Asterias, were attractive to immature lobsters. Cancer was preferred over Mytilus and the two echinoderm species. Immature lobsters were subjected to metabolites of prey. Most lobsters showed alert phase behaviour, regardless of the quality of the stimulus. Cancer effluent was significantly more effective than controls in eliciting food-searching behaviour. Mytilus and Strongylocentrotus effluents were less effective stimulants. -- The percentage responses of immature lobsters presented with ninhydrin-positive compound (NPC) targets were determined. Proline, ammonia, arginine, and lysine were the most attractive NPCs. The NPC compositions of effluents and extracts of various prey were determined. Extracts of Nereis sp. and Cancer irroratus had the highest total concentrations of NPCs (excluding urea, unknowns, polyamines, and trace amounts). Cancer had significantly higher concentrations of glutamine, proline, and taurine compared to Asterias and Strongylocentrotus. Effluents of Nereis and Cancer had higher levels of ammonia than those of three echinoderm and two mollusc species. -- Selection of intact prey by immature lobsters given a choice was determined. Brittlestars and polychaetes were the most frequently attacked, followed by Cancer, Asterias, Mytilus, and Strongylocentrotus. Consumption of polychaetes by immature lobsters was generally complete. Substantially greater proportions of the other prey species were left unconsumed. Size, morphology, and behaviour of prey appeared to influence the attack rates. -- The natural diet of immature lobsters was determined by gut content analysis. Sea urchins, mussels, and crabs were frequently consumed. Cancer was the dominant item in terms of volume of gut contents. Seasonal differences in feeding behaviour of immature lobsters were observed. Electivity indices indicated a high selection of crabs and mussels by immature lobsters.


identifier: Adams, Ford <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Adams=3AFord=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Expectations of teachers and education students for academic achievement among middle and lower class children.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study investigated the effects of student socio-economic status on teacher expectancy. Specifically, student academic achievement was used as evidence of differential teacher expectancy for students of lower and middle socio-economic status. Teacher experience was studied and differential effects on teacher assessment of students of differing social classes were examined. Also, the study investigated the interactive effects of teacher assessment of student academic performance. -- Two hypothetical children, alike in all respects except socio-economic status, were described and presented to education students and experienced teachers. The children were given identical performance levels on a Social Studies quiz and teachers (both education students and experienced teachers) were asked to grade that performance. In a two-by-two experimental design, the education students were divided into two groups of 30 and each group was treated with a different socio-economic status description. The same procedure was carried out for the experienced teachers. -- The results of an analysis of variance confirmed the presence of a teacher bias for students of different socio-economic status when student performance is assessed. Students of lower socio-economic status were given lower grades than those of middle socio-economic status. A biasing effect was also found for teacher experience in that more experienced teachers gave lower grades than less experienced teachers. A study of the interactive effect of teacher experience and student social status failed to show significant results.


identifier: Brooker, G. M.(Gwendolyn May) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Brooker=3AG=2E_M=2E=28Gwendolyn_May=29=3A=3A.html>   (1983) Classroom control and reading achievement in grade two and grade five.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study is concerned with decisions the teacher makes in the classroom regarding classroom control, and the effects these decisions have on reading achievement. The teacher is seen as a manager, responsible for deciding how to control the transactions in the social system of the classroom so that learning tasks are accomplished efficiently and effectively. Data used to test the hypotheses in this study were gathered as part of a study of elementary classroom teaching entitled the Teaching Strategies Project, and conducted by the Institute for Educational Research and Development, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Classroom process data were collected during approximately thirty hours of observations in each of 75 classrooms. During this period the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests were also administered as pre-test and post-test. -- This study used the conception of classroom control developed by Morrison (1974) which defined control as consisting of three dimensions: warmth, boundary control and response to deviant behavior. To determine if these dimensions are important predictors of reading achievement a two stage analysis was conducted. The first stage involved the association between the dependent and independent variables. A correlational analysis was first used to determine if a relationship exists between the independent variables (warmth, desk, task, talk, mild reprimand, severe reprimand, threat, punishment and other) and the three composites (boundary control, response to deviant behavior and total control). Total control consisted of the composites of warmth, boundary control and response to deviant behavior, and a regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of each of these composites to total control. -- The second stage of analysis examined the question of whether the independent variables have a linear or a nonlinear relationship to the dependent variables of reading. In order to test this, teachers were divided into groups on the basis of the independent variables. An analysis of variance was applied, followed by tests for linear and nonlinear trends. The computing procedure used was SPSS BREAKDOWN, using the ANOVA option with separation of trends for linear and nonlinear regression. The significance of the linear and nonlinear relationship was determined by the F test. All tests of significance used in this study were at the .05 level of probability. -- Based on these tests it was concluded that warmth was significantly associated with reading achievement in grades two and five and therefore the first hypothesis was accepted. A significant linear relationship was also found for warmth and reading achievement in grade two. The second hypothesis, that high boundary control is significantly associated with reading achievement was supported for grade five, but not for grade two. The test for linear relationships showed that only the task variable in grade five had a significant linear relationship. The third hypothesis, that low response to deviant behavior is significantly correlated with reading achievement in grades two and five was rejected because of an insignificant correlation in grade two, although grade five was found to have a significant correlation. Also a significant linear correlation was found for mild reprimand in grade two. Hypothesis four involved a composite of the dimensions of warmth, boundary control and response to deviant behavior. It was found that this composite was significantly related to reading achievement in both grades. -- This study shows that the dimensions of classroom control are important for reading achievement, particularly in grade five, and that there are important differences between grades with regard to control.


identifier: Austin, Shaun <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Austin=3AShaun=3A=3A.html>   (1980) Cape Cove Beach (Dh Ai-5,6,7), Newfoundland: prehistoric cultures.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: During the 1979 summer field season archaeological excavations were carried out at three prehistoric sites along Cape Cove Beach, on the northeast coast of the island of Newfoundland. Data gathered from these sites, coupled with existing evidence, have allowed inferences to be made concerning: 1) the nature of the terminal period of the Maritime Archaic Tradition; 2) the possibility of cross-cultural diffusion resulting from contacts between Dorset Eskimo and Indian occupations in Newfoundland, between approximately 500 B.C. and A.D. 500; and 3) the origin of the historic Beothuks. -- The Cape Cove-1 site contained evidence of two separate Maritime Archaic occupations. The earlier of these two components represents one of the earliest known examples of human presence on the island of Newfoundland. The most significant artifacts recovered from this context are a slender chipped stone, contracting stemmed lance/spearhead, and two blade-like flakes. -- The second occupation at Cape Cove-1 apparently followed a c. 925 year cultural hiatus. The most notable artifacts from this context include a unifacial scraper, ground stone adzes and celts, linear flakes, and several bifacially flaked projectile points. -- The Cape Cove-2 site contained one major prehistoric Beothuk component. Diagnostic prehistoric Beothuk artifacts from Cape Cove-2 included notched points, other triangular and lanceolate shaped bifaces, and scrapers. The discovery of a long rectangular sheet of birch bark in situ at Cape Cove-2 likely represents the earliest direct evidence for the use of birch bark canoes by Beothuks. Several artifact forms, which may have been used in canoe construction, were recovered from or near various hearth features at Cape Cove-2. These included a ground (and chipped) stone wedge, a concave knife/scraper and a bone awl or punch. -- The Cape Cove-3 site contained at least one feature which, according to our existing criteria, was identified as a Maritime Archaic tool manufacturing activity area. This feature contained such items as a bone scraper, an unidentified smooth oval stone, several large chipped stone lance/spearheads, and hundreds of biface thinning flakes. It is interesting to note that sites found elsewhere, with comparable artifacts, have been radiocarbon dated to periods well after the dates which were obtained from Cape Cove-2 and the Beothuk component at Cape Cove-3. -- The major occupation of Cape Cove-3 appears to have been established by members of what we presently refer to as prehistoric Beothuk culture, despite that fact that this apparent prehistoric Beothuk occupation may actually predate the so-called Maritime Archaic occupation the same site. Prehistoric Beothuk culture was indicated archaeologically by the presence of notched points, triangular bifaces, and scrapers. Also present in some of these hearth features were several miniature, expanding stemmed points, small blade cores/gravers, and tiny linear flakes. These latter items are tentatively classified as an early Beothuk 'micro-point' technology, although further research is required to firmly establish the cultural origin of these artifact forms. -- The Cape Cove evidence as a whole indicates and supports the in situ hypothesis over the population replacement concept in the explanation of the disappearance of the Maritime Archaic Tradition and the origin of Beothuk culture. Moreover, this proposed in situ cultural transition now appears to have taken place during a period of close coexistence and cross-cultural diffusion with Early and Middle period Dorset Eskimos. Eskimo to Indian trait diffusion is suggested to account, in large part, for those differences between Late Maritime Archaic and 'proto-Beothuk' cultures which are not simply the result of continuous cultural development.


identifier: Haldar, Asim Kumar. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Haldar=3AAsim_Kumar=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1977) Dynamic response of a framed offshore tower to ice forces considering nonlinear soil-structure interaction.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The dynamic response to ice forces of a pile-supported framed offshore structure is studied for two types of foundation conditions:  i) Rigid base and ii) Semi-Rigid base. The semi-rigid base is idealized in two ways: i) lumped parameter (also called half-space, continuum and soil spring) foundation model with linear soil springs, and ii) finite elemented foundation model with linear and nonlinear soil behaviour. -- The structure analysed is an offshore tower supported by piles. The members are assumed to be rigidly connected and the added water mass is assumed equal to the mass of the water displaced. The structural modelling is based on a two-dimensional representation of the tower assuming a constant dimension equal to the base length perpendicular to the plane. The masses per unit length of the members in the plane of the frame are computed by summing up the structural mass, the amass of the water contained in the tube and the mass of the water displaced. The masses of the members perpendicular to the plane are assumed to be lumped at the horizontal cross-brace level joints. -- Linear analysis is carried out for the fixed base condition. For the lumped parameter foundation model, the foundation is idealized by linear horizontal and rotational springs at the mudline level and, for the finite elemented foundation model, by two-dimensional beam elements. The response is determined by modal superposition.  The nonlinear behaviour due to shear deformations of the soil is handled by the equivalent linearization technique. Mode superposition facilitates an approximate solution in which the stiffnesses used are made compatible with effective shear strain amplitudes at the soil element centroids. The analysis uses the published data on strain-compatible soil properties for clays and sands, and the final values of the soil element stiffness properties are estimated by an iterative procedure. The investigation is carried out for two types of clay: a) Soft, and b) Stiff. In all the analyses, damping is expressed terms of the modal damping ratio which includes structural damping, viscous damping due to fluid drag, and pile damping due to interaction with the soil. -- The results of the study indicate that soil-structure interaction causes a complete redistribution of stresses in the structural members. For nonlinear soil behaviour, a typical member stress is 48% more than that for the rigid foundation model. Therefore, the study highlights the considerable need for including nonlinearity in soil-structure interaction studies. Recommendations are made to extend this investigation to other kinds of environmental forces on offshore structures, e.g. waves and currents.


identifier: Heller, James Horton <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Heller=3AJames_Horton=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Common auditory-visual space perception in early infancy.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Common auditory-visual space perception was studied in infants aged 10 to 52 weeks. A violation of the normal special relationship between a speaking person and his voice was presented and the infants' response to the incongruent presentation was measured in terms of affectivity, inattention, and heart rate. The youngest infants, age 10 to 23 weeks reacted with heart rate acceleration to the incongruent presentation; indicating an expectancy that voice comes from a person.


identifier: Wiseman, Tom W. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wiseman=3ATom_W=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Factors related to the traditionalism of career choice.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study attempted to determine factors associated with traditional or non-traditional aspirations and expectations of Newfoundland high school youth. The sample consisted of 2584 students (1221 males and 1363 females) from twenty-four schools. Data from grades nine through eleven  were gathered using a survey type of questionnaire and principal analysis was performed using chi-square analysis, rejecting the null hypothesis at the .05 level of significance. -- The theoretical constructs of the research were based on Krumboltz's (1975) social learning theory of career decision making and instruments were designed to analyze perceived influencing factors. The instruments gathered data on the occupational and educational aspirations and plans of youth, the reasons for these plans, the nature of interest in the career, information about the job search conducted by the student, work experience, and parental occupations. Questions were also asked about birth order, number of siblings, physical disabilities, interests and talents, parental educational levels, perception of ability to finance education, perception of knowledge of educational institutions, perception of parent attitudes, educational ability, success criteria and peer influence. -- Many factors, such as role models, family background, academic experience, were determined to be associated with traditional or non-traditional career choice. Also some factors were associated with both traditional and non-traditional career choice, although not always in the inverse. -- Recommendations for practice dealt with personalizing the career education process, provisions of information, group process, and dealing with failure. Recommendations for research considered the nature of perceived options and program design.


identifier: Sellars, Elizabeth Carol. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sellars=3AElizabeth_Carol=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Aspects of the traditional life of French Newfoundlanders of Black Duck Brook (L'Anse aux Canards, Port-au Port, Newfoundland) with special emphasis on the role of women.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is a study of traditional life in Black Duck Brook, a community comprised largely of francophones on the Port-Au-Port Peninsula. It concentrates on the role of women as it was from the early part of this century until the present. Neither the folklore nor the language of Black Duck Brook have been previously studied. -- Three field trips were taken to this community, when a total of five women were tape-recorded and interviewed for several hours. At first the interviewing was direct, with the aid of questionnaires previously composed by the author. Later, interviews became more informal and the method of questioning was indirect. Much information was also gathered through observation methods, since I stayed with a French family during my field trips. -- The subject matter of this thesis is divided into chapters corresponding to the major areas of traditional women's work: foodways, cleaning methods, textiles, pregnancy and childbirth and outdoor work. Also included is an outline of traditional customs; those of the calendar and those of the rites of passage. -- In all of the areas studied, the information gathered shows changes that have occurred over the course of the years. When Black Duck Brook was first reached by road, and when electricity became available, traditional ways began to disappear. -- At present, there is very little left in the culture which is different from the cultures of the French, the Acadians of the Maritimes or the English-speaking Newfoundlanders. Only two aspects of the life of the French- speaking Newfoundlanders of Black Duck Brook are unique: their language, which shows some differences from that of other regions, and the traditions, beliefs, stories and history which they remember from days past. -- However, the population of Newfoundlanders who speak French is rapidly decreasing and their language and culture will be preserved only if a drastic change is made.


identifier: Hadjistephanou, Nicos Antoniou <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hadjistephanou=3ANicos_Antoniou=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Feeding experiments and some aspects of the biology of the sand shrimp, Crangan septemspinosa, in Long Pond, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of fresh or frozen foods of marine origin on the growth and survival of the sand shrimp, Crangon septemspinosa, under constant temperature conditions. The diets tested were blue mussel, squid, capelin, and TetraMin, alone and in combination. -- Shrimp grew best on mussel and mussel combined diets and, less well on squid and its combinations with fish and TetraMin. The poorest growth was observed with TetraMin and its combination with fish. Moulting intervals, overall growth rates, and the survival of the sand shrimp, were all correlated with the diets. -- Amino acid analyses showed the closest similarity between mussel and the shrimp; TetraMin had the least similarities, and squid and capelin were intermediate. Thus, differences in the growth and survival could be attributed to the amino acid content of the diets. -- Substrate particle size and colour selection experiments showed that Crangon septemepinosa prefer sand to burrow in and reject substrate with particles bigger than 2 mm. The sand shrimp selected brown substrates and avoided the white ones. -- In Long Pond, Newfoundland, a size difference was apparent between males and females. Juveniles were collected in almost all the collections and were most numerous in August. Egg-carrying females appeared from April to August. The first egg-carriers were large females; in July smaller shrimp were carrying eggs. Egg-carrying females were not collected in September and are presumed to have moved into deeper waters. -- The mode of appearance of the populations segments suggests an extended breeding season. Egg-carrying females exist for 11-12 months, migrating into deeper water with the progress of the egg development. Migration of the bigger animals takes place with the cooling of the waters and inshore migration, with the increase of the temperature.


identifier: Parsons, D. G.(Donald Gordon) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Parsons=3AD=2E_G=2E=28Donald_Gordon=29=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Biological characteristics of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis Kroyer) in areas off Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) occurring in the Hopedale, Cartwright and Hawke channels off the Labrador coast were examined. Based on results from research surveys from 1979-81, distribution was concentrated in water between 2 and 4°C in depths greater than 300m. Changes in distribution and abundance were also observed between years. Density and abundance appeared to have decreased in the Hopedale and Hawke Channels during this period, while in the Cartwright Channel only changes in density distribution were noted. Variations in catch rate over a 24 hour period were related to vertical migration of shrimp and the effects of tidal currents on shrimp distribution and performance of sampling gear were discussed. Biological characteristics such as sex and maturity, weight-length relationships, fecundity and food and feeding were examined. Generally, shrimp in these areas appeared to be obligatory protandric hermaphrodites. Sex change occurred over a range of sizes which may vary with changing environmental parameters or fishing mortality directed at the larger female shrimp. Weight-length relationships were similar to those reported for conspecifics in other areas of the northern hemisphere. Fecundity of shrimp off Labrador appeared to be less than that reported in warmer regions but greater than that observed in colder water populations. Food and feeding patterns were similar to those demonstrated for other northern shrimp stocks. Statistical and descriptive comparisons of the above characteristics indicated differences between channels which, in some cases, may represent different stock characteristics. Infection of shrimp eggs by a tentatively identified dinoflagellate represents potential for egg mortality and spawning failure. Necrosis of striated muscle of shrimp was associated with infections by a microsporidian, possibly of the genus Thelohania.


identifier: Weaver, Robert Augustus <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Weaver=3ARobert_Augustus=3A=3A.html>   (1976) Examination of intra vs. intersensory integration abilities in normal and retarded readers using linguistic materials.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The hypothesis under investigation poses that retarded readers, i.e., dyslexic children, would be characterized by deficits in their ability to integrate auditory and visual information when compared with normal readers. Twenty second and third grade retarded readers were compared with twenty adequate readers on four recognition tasks, requiring both intrasensory and intersensory processing of auditory and visual linguistic material. In the intersensory conditions, the subjects were presented with a three letter trigram in one mode and were required to recognize its equivalent from a set of four trigrams presented in the other mode, i.e., auditory to visual matching or visual to auditory matching. This condition required subjects to integrate auditory and visual information in order to make equivalence judgments across modalities. In the two intrasensory conditions all presentations were in the same mode, i.e., either auditory or visual. Fifteen trials in each condition were presented to all subjects. -- The results demonstrated highly significant deficiencies in retarded readers' ability to make auditory to visual and visual to auditory recognition responses. These deficiencies correlated with reading scores and appeared to be independent of (not significantly correlated with) IQ scores, rotational or sequential visual memory, auditory memory, or verbal coding abilities. -- The results indicated two types of retarded readers: 1) those that had difficulty in intrasensory tasks and, therefore, were deficient in intersensory tasks and 2) those with adequate abilities in intrasensory processing but were deficient in only the task requiring integration of the two modalities. It was suggested that in future research it would be instructive to differentiate these two populations before experimentation, in order to minimize confounded results found in previous studies in the field. -- This study represents extensive methodological improvements over previous research in the investigation of auditory-visual integration abilities in retarded readers. These improvements include - and are a result of criticisms concerning the lack of - controls over: 1) intrasensory processing; 2) temporal-spatial factors; 3) conceptual- mediational strategies; 4) verbal labeling abilities, and 5) the questionable relationship of previous AVI research to the reading process. Furthermore, the present study has supported the major contention of Birch and Belmont (1964) that, although not totally independent of perceptual processing (auditory and visual), inabilities in auditory-visual integration processing are a prevalent characteristic and probable causal factor in retarded readers.


identifier: Taukulis, Harald K. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Taukulis=3AHarald_K=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1973) Conditioned inhibition in flavour aversion learning : odor as a conditioned inhibitor.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Two experiments were performed which demonstrated that an olfactory stimulus can become associated with toxicosis over long CS-US delays and, more importantly, that an olfactory stimulus can become a conditioned inhibitor in a feeding situation. In Experiment 1, hooded rats were allowed to drink water while a stream of amyl acetate vapour was directed towards the end of the drinking spout. Toxicosis was then induced via the injection of lithium chloride after delays of 0, 0.5, 1, 4, and 12 hours for different groups. When compared with no-toxicosis controls, it was found that significant aversions were obtained for all groups except the 12 hr delay group. In Experiment 2, hooded rats were given conditioned inhibition training in which the taste of saccharin alone was always followed by induced illness, but the taste of saccharin plus the odor of amyl acetate was not. In a series of three subsequent tests - summation, enhancement of conditioning, and retardation - it was demonstrated that the odor had acquired active inhibitory properties. The results paralleled those obtained with more traditionally studied stimuli and techniques and hence were found to be readily predictable from a recent model of conditioning set forth by Rescorla & Wagner (1972).


identifier: Smith, Hubert Garland <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3AHubert_Garland=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Augmenting grade three reading achievement through self-concept of ability enhancement using parents and teachers as significant others.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The major purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the relationship between self-concept of ability and reading achievement and determine whether grade three students in rural Newfoundland would improve their self-concept of ability and, indirectly, reading achievement, as a consequence of working closely with parents and teachers. To clarify this relationship and determine the intervening variables, several minor hypotheses were investigated: the relationship between self-concept of ability and the self-concept of the child held by parents and teachers; the relationship between academic self-concept of ability and the self-concept of the child held by parents and teachers; and the parents' and teachers' perception of how the child would rate his own ability. -- Fifty-five students were selected from the third grade population of two schools outside the city of St. John's. These fifty-five students, who were selected on the basis of their performance on a standardized achievement test, were performing at or below the class average. Data collection took place between February and June 1977, using a teacher questionnaire, a parent questionnaire, a reading achievement test, and a self-concept scale. A complete set of data was obtained for fifty-five students, thirty parents, and two teachers in two schools. -- Pearson product-moment correlation, "t" test, and analysis of covariance were used to test the hypotheses. By means of four tables, the complete scores were presented for each student. The major proportion of the data analysis was effected by the computer at Memorial University. -- The major finding of this study revealed that there does exist a significant relationship between self-concept of ability and reading achievement. Further, the teacher's perception of the child's self-concept was closely related to the child's self-concept. The teacher's perception of the child's reading ability was closely related to the child's reading achievement. In all cases the teacher occupied a vital role. While the position of the parents was not found to be significantly related to either self-concept or reading achievement, the parents' perception of the child's self-concept did improve over the treatment period. It was also found that parents and teachers were significantly more aware of how the other perceived the child's ability. -- These findings suggest the need for educators to re-evaluate their positions and the influence they have on the student's self-concept and reading achievement. Closer attention given to this position would reduce the negative and increase the positive influence exerted by the teacher. -- The findings also suggest the need for further research into the means by which teachers can increase the child's self-concept. Further research needs to be done on the position of parents with regard to self-concept and reading achievement. Year round studies need to be initiated to involve the parents more closely with the education of their children.  An examination of the role of parents and teachers in the self-concept and reading achievement of children seems to be warranted and essential to the educational system.


identifier: Kane, William E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kane=3AWilliam_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1983) Cognitive centrality and its relation to information processing.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The present study examined the personal constructs that people employ to construe behavior. It was hypothesized that personal constructs and the self-concept facilitate the processing of personally and socially relevant information. It was hypothesized that the more central a construct is, as measured by the Role Construct Repertory Grid (Kelly, 1955), the more efficient it would be in encoding information. To the extent that the 'self' is more central or elaborate than specific  personal constructs, it was expected to be superior in processing information. -- The levels of processing paradigm (Craik & Lockhart, 1972) was employed. Subjects performed various operations on trait adjectives and the degree of elaboration produced in memory was inferred from the level of memory performance. In Experiment I, subjects performed five tasks with trait adjectives. These were: (1) a structural task; (2) a phonemic task; (3) a noncentral construct-reference task; (4) a central construct-reference task; and (5) a self-reference task. Incidental recall for the trait adjectives was assessed following a retention interval. The construct and self-reference tasks produced significantly higher recall than the structural or phonemic tasks. Recall for these two latter tasks was not significantly different.  Recall for adjectives in the self-reference task was superior to recall for adjectives in the noncentral but not the central construct-reference task. There was no significant difference between recall for adjectives in the central and noncentral construct-reference tasks. -- The second experiment was similar to the first except that the phonemic task was excluded and recognition rather than free-recall was measured to asses memory performance. The construct and self-reference tasks produced superior recognition to the structural task. Recognition for the self-reference task was superior to that for both the central and noncentral construct-reference tasks. There was no significant difference in recognition level between the central and noncentral  construct -reference tasks. -- The results of the two experiments converged to demonstrate that reference to personal constructs and the 'self' are efficient mnemonic strategies for processing the personally and socially relevant information.  It was demonstrated that the 'self' is generally more efficient than specific personal constructs in processing relevant information. At the same time, reference to personal constructs was almost as effective as self-reference in facilitating the encoding of relevant information.


identifier: Carey, Wilfred Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Carey=3AWilfred_Joseph=3A=3A.html>   (1983) Factors relating to reading teachers' knowledge of reading : survey of teachers in a selected Newfoundland school board.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The major purpose of this study was to ascertain whether or not a relationship exists between a teacher's knowledge of reading and each of the following variables: sex of the teacher, number of years of teaching experience, grade level taught by the teacher, degree level of the teacher, teaching certificate, number of reading courses a teacher has completed, and whether a teacher teaches in an urban or non-urban school. The order of importance of those relationships which were found to be significant was also determined. -- One hundred twenty-four teachers from the Roman Catholic School Board, Humber-St. Barbe comprised the population of the study. A measure of teacher knowledge of Reading was determined by means of the scores on the Inventory of Teacher Knowledge of Reading. At the same time, information was also obtained on the independent variables by means of a teacher information sheet devised by the researcher. -- Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients and regression analysis were employed on the predictor variables to establish their effect on knowledge of reading. -- It was found that a significant relationship exists between teacher knowledge of reading and the following independent variables: experience, certification, urban, and courses. The variables of sex and grade taught did not correlate significantly with teacher knowledge of reading. -- This study also concludes that while degree, when viewed by itself is statistically significant, in terms of the total picture it is not significant. The findings which determine the important variables show that certificate is a more exact predictor of teacher knowledge of reading. -- Recommendations arising from the findings have been made. Some suggestions for future research are offered.


identifier: Chernenko, Garry Allen. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chernenko=3AGarry_Allen=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Effects of light deprivation and light damage on the ultrastructure of the inner plexiform layer of rat retina.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Four groups of eight male albino rat pups (14 days old) were raised for 8 weeks under different conditions; 1) unsutured, bright light reared (UB), 2) bilaterally lid-sutured, bright light reared (SB), 3) unsutured, dim light reared (UD), and 4) bilaterally lid-sutured, dark reared (SN). The intensity of the bright light was 1960 lux. The intensity of the dim light was equated with that striking the corneas of the SB group (transmission of the sutured rat eye lid is about 0.5%, and was therefore 9.8 lux. All retinas were fixed in osmium, followed by glutaraldehyde and sectioned and stained for light and electron microscopy. Microtomy, microscopy, and scoring were done blind. -- Light microscopy showed that the retinas of both the UB and SB groups were extensively damaged--almost complete degeneration of the outer retinal layers, indicating that even very low intensity light (9.8 lux), when continuous, causes severe retinal damage. The SN group was thicker in many of the retinal layers compared to the UD group. -- Electron microscopy revealed that with the exception of amacrine-ganglion synapses, there are no significant changes in the incidences of any type of synapse in the IPL of the rat retina after light deprivation or light damage. The incidence of amacrine-ganglion synapses was significantly greater (p < .05) in groups UB and SN, only in the outer third of the IPL. -- In light of the present results, plasticity in the rat retina is questionable. If it does exist, it is a very small effect, and is probably reflected by only the amacrine-ganglion synapses.


identifier: Burt, Gary E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Burt=3AGary_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) The effects of an aerobic training program on psychological well-being.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Exercise and improvements in physical fitness have been found to correlate positively with changes in psychological well-being, particularly with regard to the variables of anxiety and depression. The present investigation attempts to distinguish between central fitness (increased cardio-respiratory functioning) and peripheral fitness (increased strength or flexibility) while considering other factors which may contribute to the psychological improvements often associated with exercise and physical fitness. -- Forty-five members of a large psychiatric hospital served as subjects for this study. Ages in the sample ranged from 21 to 55 with a mean age of 27.9. Professional and non-professional staff members were evenly represented, as was the sex distribution. -- Subjects were randomly assigned to either an Aerobic group (jogging), a Calisthenics group (calisthenics and non-aerobic exercise) or a Recreation group (non-exercise, recreational activity). A Waiting List Control group was also chosen who were not required to participate in any structured activity. -- Psychological and physiological measures were taken to evaluate the relative effects of the various conditions. Heart rate (after a standard stepping exercise) and a measure of flexibility served as physical indicators of change while standard tests of depression, trait anxiety and happiness were administered to assess psychological change. These measures were taken on three separate occasions (pre-program, mid-program and post-program). --  As an additional feature, the effect of fitness on state anxiety was evaluated. State measures were taken immediately before and immediately after sessions on three occasions (at the first session, the middle session and at the end). -- The experimental program ran for 6 weeks with 3 one-half hour sessions per week (for a total of 18 sessions). -- Physical changes occurred as expected. The joggers made the most significant gains in cardio-respiratory fitness while the calisthenics subjects became more flexible. Unexpectedly, all groups (including the Waiting List subjects) improved significantly over time on the psychological measures, but a conditions or interaction effect was not observed. More consistent with earlier work, subjects who became more fit (based on the aerobic indicator) were observed to have greater decreases in state anxiety after engaging in an activity, than those who made marginal or no gains in cardio-respiratory fitness. -- The implications of these results were discussed with reference to earlier experimental findings.


identifier: Squires, E. James <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Squires=3AE=2E_James=3A=3A.html>   (1977) Glutamine metabolism in normal and acidotic rats in vivo.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The kidney responds to metabolic acidosis by the increased excretion of the ammonium salts of nonvolatile acids in the urine.  It is therefore important to maintain an adequate supply of precursors of urinary ammonia in order to maintain acid-base balance.  In this work, arterio-venous differences for all amino acids were measured across the kidneys of normal and acidotic rats to determine which amino acids were important in urinary ammonia production.  Glutamine was the only amino acid taken up by the acidotic kidney; no amino acids were removed by the normal kidney. -- These measurements were made using whole blood since amino acid levels in whole blood and plasma were found to differ. Glycine, glutamate, lysine, and arginine were concentrated within the blood cells. In addition, levels of serine, threonine and lysine rose and levels of glutamine fell in acidosis in both whole blood and plasma.  Whole blood and plasma arterio-venous differences were measured for glutamine across the acidotic rat kidney.  Results showed that glutamine is removed exclusively from the plasma. -- In a further study on kidney metabolism, arterio-renal venous differences for lactate were measured.  Since both normal and acidotic kidney removed equivalent amounts of lactate, it was concluded that the oxidation of lactate carbon was not replaced by the oxidation of glutamine carbon in acidosis. -- The site of production of glutamine and the changes which occur in glutamine metabolism in response to an increased acid load were then investigated.  To this end, measurements of the turnover rate of free glutamine in the body were made using both the single injection and constant infusion methods.  However, in order to obtain accurate estimates of the turnover rate, a technique for the measurement of the specific 14 activity of 1- C-glutamine first had to be devised.  Results obtained by both methods showed that the turnover rate of glutamine did not change in acidosis.  This was taken to indicate that the extra glutamine required by the kidney in acidosis was supplied by a lessening of glutamine utilization by other tissues.  Turnover values obtained by the single injection method were considerably higher than those obtained by constant infusion.  The pool size of glutamine calculated from the single injection data was also considerably smaller than the total body glutamine pool obtained by analysis of whole body extracts and by a summation of data from other investigators.  These differences were thought to be due to the methods used in the analysis of the single injection data. -- Arterio-venous differences for glutamine were measured across the major tissues of the body in order to determine the site of glutamine production.  Although glutamine was produced by the muscle of the normal rat, no significant output of glutamine by any tissue was found in acidosis.  The kidneys and gastrointestinal tract removed glutamine during acidosis.  Arterio-venous differences were also measured for glutamate to find if glutamate uptake paralleled glutamine output. However, glutamate was released by the muscle and brain of the normal rat and by the gastrointestinal tract of the acidotic rat; no uptake of glutamate was found.  It thus appears that the glutamate required for glutamine synthesis does not come directly from the blood.


identifier: Corbett, George <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Corbett=3AGeorge=3A=3A.html>   (1984) Mainstreaming of mildly mentally handicapped children : obstacles as perceived by the regular classroom teacher.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The basic purposes of this study were (1) to develop a questionnaire that would assess the obstacles present in the provision of educational services to mildly mentally handicapped children in a regular classroom; (2) to investigate the obstacles to the provision of educational services to mildly mentally handicapped children in a regular classroom for a specific teacher population through the use of the questionnaire; (3) to determine if a relationship exists between these perceived obstacles and certain personal and situational variables. -- A questionnaire consisting of 26 items, covering ten (10) categories, was developed by the researcher and administered to a population of regular class teachers. Teachers were asked to rate their perception of each item as an obstacle to the delivery of educational services to mildly mentally handicapped students in a mainstreamed setting. -- Through an examination of response patterns, the degree to which each item was considered an obstacle was determined. Items were then ranked accordingly. -- Comparisons were made between teacher responses with reference to the personal and demographic data gathered, namely: gender, teaching certificate, training through special education courses, level of teaching assignment, teaching experience, and experience teaching exceptional children. -- To examine the relationship between each of the selected variables and perceived obstacles in educating mildly mentally handicapped children in a mainstreamed setting, a one-way analysis of variance was employed. -- The following conclusions were reached: (a) a significant number of teachers felt that there are obstacles to the education of mildly mentally handicapped children in a regular classroom; (b) the category most frequently perceived as a potential obstacle was "Learning Environment"; (c) the obstacles selected as most critical were "Present pupil-teacher ratio" and "Increase in the stress level"; (d) teacher training programs for regular class teachers are in need of revision if teachers are to be adequately prepared for mainstreaming; (e) in general, obstacles that were more closely related to actual teacher classroom performance were rated as more critical; (f) teachers perceived the attitudes of parents of regular children toward mainstreaming as a greater potential obstacle than the attitudes of others involved in the process; (g) the variable gender was significantly related to teacher perceptions in two obstacle categories; (h) the variable teaching level was significantly related to teacher perceptions in one obstacle category; (i) the variable teaching experience was shown to be significantly related to teacher perception in each of the ten (10) obstacle categories as measured by the questionnaire.


identifier: Lee, Jiunn-Jiu <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lee=3AJiunn-Jiu=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Melting of a vertical ice wall by natural convection into pure or saline water.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A steady state two dimensional finite difference analysis is presented for the heat, mass and momentum transfer resulting from the initial portion of a semi-infinite vertical ice sheet melting into pure or saline water by natural convection. Fluid properties are assumed to be constant with the exception of the fluid density in the body force terms of the momentum equations. -- Results of the analysis are presented for free stream temperatures from 0 ﾟc to 24 ﾟc and salinities from 0 % to 35 %. They include streamlines, velocity profiles, temperature profiles, salinity profiles, local Nusselt numbers and mean Nusselt numbers for plate length of 0.7632 m. For pure water, calculated mean Nusselt numbers are favourably compared with existing data and analyses. For saline water, previous information not being available in the literature, the predicted results require verification. -- Overall, the results show three distinct flow regimes: steady unidirectional upward flow, steady unidirectional downward flow, and dual flow. The solution method is convergent for the unidirectional regimes, and mostly non-convergent for dual flows. Since the solution method is capable of accounting for local recirculations,  this suggests that the dual flow regime may be transitory in nature.


identifier: Hesson, Ian Matthew <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hesson=3AIan_Matthew=3A=3A.html>   (1977) Gide's attitude to reality : its role in his approach to the symbolist movement.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis it is proposed to consider the role of Gide's attitude to reality in his development of a view of art which persuaded him to ally himself temporarily with the Symbolist school. In a short introduction the point will be made that Gide's first accurate knowledge of Symbolist theory came in an article which he read in January, 1891, two months after the completion of the Cahiers d'André Walter, and that he immediately declared himself to be a Symbolist. -- In the first chapter the article in La Plume will be analysed in order to discover the definition of Symbolism with which Gide identified. Further study will be undertaken to isolate the views on art which Gide and the Symbolists held in common. -- The development of Gide's attitude to reality will then be examined in the light of basic Freudian psychology. The influence of his upbringing on his relationship to the world around him will be discussed. In particular an attempt will be made to evaluate the relationship between his neurotic anxiety, the dichotomy in his personality and the weakness of his hold on reality. These aspects of Gide's personality will then be considered as they are reflected and projected in the Cahiers d'André Walter. -- On the basis of the findings made above, the Cahiers d'André Walter will be studied from the point of view of the function which it fulfils in Gide's life. An attempt will be made to explain why the writing of his first work lifted Gide from despair and opened up new vistas for him. The absolute state in which the work of art is created will be examined, and its unique value of allowing both parts of Gide's personality to find expression will be indicated. -- In the conclusion it is proposed to show that the attraction of Symbolism for Gide lay in the fact that Symbolist theory confirmed what he had found in writing the Cahiers d'André Walter: that art was a means of attaining a superior form of reality, which in Gide's case was the integration of his personality.


identifier: Kenney, Terry Myron. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kenney=3ATerry_Myron=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1976) Intersensory integration of information.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Intersensory integration of information

abstract: The presentation of identical information to two sensory modalities improves a respondent's performances over his unisensory performance. Prevalent models of stimulus processing treat this performance facilitation as resulting from the improvement of primary channel (sense) function by a modification of primary channel operation caused by the input to the auxiliary channel. It is argued here that the second channel does not modify the first, but that a merging of information occurs. A model built on this assumption is presented. Two choice reaction time experiments are reported in which both auditory and visual presentation of information is given to subjects. The visual information is critical to the choice, but it is found that the auditory stimuli alter the subject's response time in accordance with the informational content of the auditory stimuli. This is taken to indicate that the subjects analyzed the information content of both stimuli, and is used in support of the new model which proposes an information merger.


identifier: Byrne, Isidore Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Byrne=3AIsidore_Joseph=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Images of man : a comparative study of selected novels by Nikos Kazantzakis and D. H. Lawrence.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Ever since the shattering impact of Nietzsche's proclamation of the death of God, twentieth-century authors have been concerned in their fiction with examining the attempt made by man to cope with the condition implied by Nietzsche's words. The condition and its characteristics have been given many names but most commentators agree that the primary philosophical concerns of modern man are to deal positively with the condition of freedom that the death of God has created, to avoid the despair which the "experience of nothingness" implies and, more importantly, to create a new image of the self once the traditional God-centred image has been destroyed. -- Nikos Kazantzakis and D.H. Lawrence were two seemingly different authors who, in their fiction, examined in strikingly similar terms the attempt by modern man to create a new self-image. Both authors saw that man reconstructs this new self-image first by redefining his connection with the living world around one. For both authors this living world included one's fellow men and women and the natural living environment. Second, one's self-image is recreated by redefining one's connection with the political milieu. Third, both authors saw the figure of the historical Jesus as prototypic of that individual who was on such a journey of self-redefinition and who had reached a level of transcendence in that journey. -- This discussion examines the strikingly similar fashion in which both authors saw and portrayed in their fiction modern man's journey toward self-redefinition. This is done by a comparison of three Kazantzakis novels with three Lawrence novels in terms of their similar approaches to the problem of coping creatively with the "experience of nothingness." -- The Lawrence novels examined are Women in Love, The Man Who Died and Kangaroo and these are compared respectively with Kazantzakis's Zorba the Greek, The Last Temptation of Christ and Freedom or Death.


identifier: Nagy, Anne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nagy=3AAnne=3A=3A.html>   (1983) Language intervention with non-verbal retarded persons: a review of related theory and selected curriculum materials.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is concerned with teaching severely and profoundly retarded persons to begin to use expressive language in some form. A review of the literature on normal language acquisition and on the relevance of normal data to the retarded population leads to the construction of guidelines for content and methodology in language curriculum materials. --  Based upon these guidelines, six books or manuals and one curriculum kit are examined under the following headings: format and contents, structure and flexibility, recognition of the cognitive and social bases of language acquisition, approach to child language, generalization components, and intended population, both students and teachers.  Two of the items examined are rejected, three are found to be of some merit, and two items are highly recommended as curriculum materials consistent with the principles of effective language intervention.


identifier: Abbott, Donald Patrick <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Abbott=3ADonald_Patrick=3A=3A.html>   (1983) Freedom in Karl Marx's Das Kapital.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Freedom in Karl Marx's Das Kapital

abstract: A concise statement of the nature of freedom, which contains aspects of individual freedom and social freedom, can be extracted from the economic discussions that form the substance of Karl Marx's Das Kapital (Capital, volume 1). The account of the individual freedom involves the concern of individuals who want to be free of the interference of capital. It is an expanded consideration of non-interference associated traditionally with the ideal liberal notion of negative freedom, and it has its basis in the universal condition of existence where individuals labour in order to survive. --  Social freedom is concerned with how individuals labour in each changing social form, and in capitalist society it is primarily concerned with the lack of freedom of those who sell their labour- power in acquiring a fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of society. Marx argues that it is because of the sale of labour-power that capitalism comes into existence, and once the intense accumulation of nineteenth century European capitalism is completed then a new social form will have to replace capitalism. In Das Kapital Marx depends neither on the eventual collapse of capitalism in order for individuals to acquire greater freedom in society, nor does he propose a positive programme, explainable by dialectics, to overthrow capitalism. Instead, he argues that greater freedom develops in society by both reform and revolution. -- The argument proceeds as follows: Chapter One presents the discussion of freedom in relation to the distinction of negative and positive freedom in Isaiah Berlin’s “Two Concepts of Liberty.”  Chapter Two considers recent criticism of Berlin’s notion of negative freedom, and I maintain that Marx allows for an expanded consideration of negative freedom where individuals are motivated to be free of the interference of capital. Chapter Three argues that both reform and revolution are vehicles for social change in Das Kaptial, and Marx doesn't outline a positive programme for the future. The final chapter (Chapter Four) presents Marx's account of freedom which is based on the notions of individual freedom and social freedom.


identifier: Kean, Mabel <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kean=3AMabel=3A=3A.html>   (1983) Listening instruction in the kindergarten program.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Listening is an important component of the language arts. It is both an art and a skill which require development through planned, systematic instruction and practice. It is also a learning base for all the other language arts which combine to create an effective communication system. Despite its importance, research and experience have shown that listening instruction has long been a neglected area within the school curriculum. -- The purpose of this study was to prepare a booklet of planned, objective-based lessons for instruction in listening at the kindergarten level. -- The study consisted of two major parts, Part I dealt with the problem, the objectives and the need for the study, and a definition of listening. It presented a review of the literature which examined studies and professional writings related to listening from 1949 to 1982. The review of literature included references to the nature of listening, the possibility of improving listening skills through instruction, and the relationship of effective listening to reading. -- Part II consisted of a booklet of ninety-two lessons in ten specific skills at the kindergarten level, a foreword to teachers, and a bibliography. Ideas for the lessons were adopted and adapted from sources found in professional books, magazines, and an activities file developed by the writer. -- Recommendations for further consideration were offered. They suggested that listening should be given the same emphasis as the other language arts, that listening should be considered a base for reading, that teachers should be supplied with a ready source of material for systematic instruction in listening, and that in pre-service education teachers should receive preparation in the nature of listening the academic, social, and emotional benefits derived from effective listening, and the importance of giving listening instruction a place of priority within the school curriculum.


identifier: Noble, Jonathan Charles Stirling <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Noble=3AJonathan_Charles_Stirling=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Identification and characterisation of a transducing phage containing the gene for ribosomal protein S1 of Escherichia coli.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The recent mapping for the gene for ribosomal protein S1 (rpsA) at 20 minutes on the E. coli chromosome (Ono, M., Michihiko, K. & Mizushima, S. (1979) Mol. Gen. Genet. 174, 11-15), has been exploited in studies aimed at the identification of a transducing phage carrying this locus. The coding capacities of a λaroA  transducing phage containing a portion of this chromosomal region (R. Weisberg, personal communication), have been analysed in an UVL irradiation and infection system by a combination of techniques of immunoprecipitation and SDS and two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This analysis has indicated that among the six or so bacterial proteins encoded by this phage, one comigrating with pure S1 at pI 5-6 and Mr = 70,000 reacts specifically with antiserum developed against the purified protein. This species which is identified as ribosomal protein S1 by these criteria, appears to be expressed under the direction of a bacterial promoter. -- A detailed restriction map of the genome of the λaroA transducing phage has been constructed from the results of numerous single and double enzyme digestions. This information has permitted an analysis of the relationship between the arrangement of bacterial DNA sequences in the insert contained by the transducing phage and that of the chromosomal region from which it was derived. The similarity of structure indicated by this analysis supports identification of the bacterial activity governing expression of rpsA in the phage context as the normal chromosomal promoter for this gene.


identifier: Wishahy, Momen Abdel-Magid <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wishahy=3AMomen_Abdel-Magid=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Guyed tower response to irregular waves considering linear and nonlinear mooring cables.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The study presents the dynamic analysis procedure for predicting the guyed tower response to irregular waves. Hydrodynamic interaction is taken into account by the added water mass concept and the fundamental frequencies are determined using  i) a lumped parameter two dimensional beam model and ii) three dimensional truss finite element model. Effect of the mooring guylines is simulated using one dimensional boundary elements. The example structure analyzed is the Exxon test guyed tower erected in 89.3 m deep water in the Gulf of Mexico. The measured wave height-time history reported by Exxon is used to determine the wave forces. Irregular wave forces are computed using linearized Morison's equation. The nonlinearity of the mooring system is considered using NONSAP finite element program. The tower response in terms of offset-time history to wave forces is determined for both linear and nonlinear cable behaviour. Numerical results obtained in this investigation are within the maximum values accepted by current design criteria. The computed frequencies and the responses agree reasonably well with the available measured values.


identifier: Button, Jennifer Ann. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Button=3AJennifer_Ann=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1975) Morelly et la legende des Incas au dix-huitieme siecle.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study shows that Morelly, one of the most important pre-Marxist communist philosophers, was strongly influenced by the legend of the Inca empire in the development of his political theories. The legend, which grew out of numerous histories written about Peru and especially the highly romanticized and idealized report of Garcilaso de la Vega, described an evolved political state in which crime was practically nonexistent and poverty unheard of. French readers of the eighteenth century were highly amenable to the idea that an empire of happiness and equality had existed in the no-too-distant past, as witnessed by the quantity of Peruvian histories published in France, and by the numbers of French authors who were inspired by all aspects of the civilization of the Incas. --  Morelly’s three politically-oriented works are subjected to a detailed comparison with the more valid of the two contemporary French translations of Garcilaso de la Vega's Comentarios reales.  The conclusion reached is that the Inca empire, as described by Garcilaso, was directly related to the development of Morelly's plans for a communist state, even though this writer's more evolved theories surpass some of the Inca political philosophy. One of the most important legacies of the legend of the Incas lies in this influence which it exerted on Morelly and on the budding communism of the eighteenth century, which finally found an active partisan in the person of Babeuf, at the time of the Revolution of 1789.


identifier: Saunders, Sheila Maud <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Saunders=3ASheila_Maud=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Folklore, the school and the child: the role of formal education in children's calendar customs in a Newfoundland outport.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the role of educational institutions and their representatives in one area of children's folklore in Newfoundland, in the light of contemporary scholarship in the general field of folklore and education. -- An examination of literature reveals that in recent years folklorists and educators alike have focused more attention, and more intently, on the topic of ‘folklore and education’, with a view to incorporating folklore in the regular school curriculum. Though a number of journals have devoted entire issues to the subject of folklore and education, and others have from time to time published articles offering specific suggestions for utilizing folklore in the classroom (usually as a minor portion of a high school social studies or English course or an integrated part of an elementary school language arts program), the material has largely remained sporadic and unorganized. -- When folklorists have considered the school setting as part of their research area, they have generally restricted themselves to an investigation of children's activities on the playground. Attention to children's calendar customs has been even more limited, with general works on calendar customs often incidentally including purely descriptive accounts of children's calendric activities, intermingled with descriptions of adult behaviours. -- This work contends that the formal classroom setting has not been viewed by folklorists as a viable area in which to conduct practical fieldwork. Documentary accounts of classroom settings have come from teachers who have inevitably seen folklore as serving a strictly didactic function. Folklorists and teachers have not seen the classroom group (teacher and students) as worth of study in itself, as evidenced in their omission to study the traditions of the classroom and the school. -- This investigation of children's calendar customs in the primary school at Musgrave Harbour, illustrates the viability of the formal classroom as a setting for folklore research. It is not enough to investigate student activities; teachers themselves have a definite value as informants. Folklorists must study not only the place of folklore as an instructional unit, but the teachers and students, who are together active participants in their own group traditions.


identifier: Hawco, Michael W. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hawco=3AMichael_W=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Influence of acyl chain mobility on the properties of monolayers of some phospholipids.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Surface properties of various phospholipids and their simple mixtures have been studied to investigate the requirements of lipid phase in lung surfactant. A series of saturated and unsaturated lecithins have been examined using a modified Wilhelmy surface balance for their ability to reach low surface tension (γ). Both monolayers of unsaturated and saturated lecithins were capable of achieving near zero γ as long as they were compressed below their respective bulk phase transition temperatures (tc). When monolayers were formed at 37°C using mixtures of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and other lower melting lecithins the ability to reach low surface tension was dependent on: (1) the relative amounts of the two components (2) the tc of the lower melting lecithin and (3) the rate at which the monolayer was compressed. It has been suggested that compression of binary monolayers may result in a “squeeze-out” of the more fluid lecithin producing a DPPC-enriched monolayer capable of reaching low γ. -- Surface tension-area isotherms of monolayers of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DPPE) and it methylated analogues, N-methyl dipalmitoyl phosphatidylehanolamine (N-me DPPE) and N,N-dimethyl dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (N,N-dime DPPE) have been examined. The minimum surface tensions achieved were γDPPC < γN,N-dimeDPPE < γN-MeDPPE < γDPPE.  Monolayer mixtures of DPPE and DPPC showed that lower tensions were achieved with increasing proportions of DPPC. -- Results from monolayer studies suggested that the ability of lung surfactant to reach low γ may be dependent on lipid phase and hence its composition. Furthermore, infants born with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) may contain the “wrong mixture” of lipids in their surfactant so that low γ can not be achieved to stabilize the lung. The results presented here, using simple systems, may offer some insight in the consideration of potential mixtures to be used in artificial replacement surfactant.


identifier: Wrigley, David Allan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wrigley=3ADavid_Allan=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Home stimulation program for language development in kindergarten children.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The first purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Learning to Tell section of the Learning Language at Home kit (Karnes, 1977) used by mothers of lower socioeconomic status with their kindergarten-age children. The second purpose was to evaluate two different methods of implementing an intervention program using this section of the kit over a ten-week period. -- The Blishen Occupational Class Scale (1976) was used to select a sample of 48 mothers who were randomly assigned to three groups: sixteen were given the section of the kit, instructed in its use, and assigned a weekly home intervener (E2); sixteen were given only the section of the kit and instructed in its use (E1); and sixteen parents were given no treatment and served as a control group (C1). -- The Reynell Developmental Language Scales (1969) and the Verbal Expression subtest of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (1968) were used to assess the children's expressive language and verbal comprehension. -- The pretest and posttest data were treated with a covariate statistical analysis to determine how and to what extent the independent variables (the two treatments by the interveners) explained the results of the dependent variables (the expressive language post tests). The analysis of covariance tested all hypotheses for significance. Verbal comprehension was measured using an F test statistic on the posttest data. -- The following conclusions were reached: (1) The use of the kit did not result in significantly higher expressive language or verbal comprehension scores for the E1 group than for the C1 group within the given conditions of the program.  (2) The method of treatment given to group E2 did not result in expressive language or verbal comprehension scores that were significantly higher than those of the E1 and C1 groups.  (3) Significantly greater improvements were found in the Verbal Expression subtest scores of the I.T.P.A. in favor of the E1 group when compared to the E2 group which was contrary to one of the directionally stated hypotheses.