title: "To talk (why?) with mute ash": Models of mourning in Anne Carson's elegies

contributor:
Department of English
Master of Arts
Alice Brittan
Alice Brittan
Bart Vautour
Carrie Dawson
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
English literature
Carson, Anne
Catullus
Mourning
Elegy
Derrida, Jacques

abstract: The model for human desire that classicist and poet Anne Carson lays out in Eros the Bittersweet also serves as a model for the state of mourning—a state in which her speakers exist in elegies “Appendix to Ordinary Time” and Nox. In these two texts, mourning is an eroticized and inexorable space buzzing with desire; mourner and mourned are bound together, yet eternally separate. Eros is what Carson calls the force that divides and binds, but in mourning the edge between Eros and Thanatos is porous. In this thesis, I read Carson’s development of the idea of mourning as an eroticized space in the context of Jacques Derrida’s aporias of mourning. According to Derrida, such an eroticized space is an inevitable inclination for the mourner, but it is problematic because it denies the radical alterity of the person who died. A mourning that focuses solely on the mourned, however, denies that the dead, or their unalterably “other” images, live on in those who mourn. In her elegies, Carson uses her understanding of “the unlost,” the idea that that which is preserved is inseparable from the loss that is its necessary counterpart, as a means to navigate some of these aporias through bricolage methods such as intertext and fragmentation. In so doing, she creates “found epitaphs” that both mourner and mourned inhabit—new spaces in which aporetic mourning work can occur.


title: Intentional Aging: A Contemplative Community-Based Approach to Urban Dwelling

type: Thesis Thesis

contributor:
School of Architecture
Master of Architecture
Brian Carter
Diogo Burnay
Catherine Venart
Niall Savage
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
dwellings
aging
intentional
community
Shambhala
Halifax (N.S.)

abstract: This thesis explores the relationship between intentional communities, dwelling, and the process of aging as a sociodemographic phenomenon within urban environments through the non-theistic spiritual tradition of Shambhala. Shambhala principles and approaches to household dwelling and contemplative space will be used to explore the design of a collective urban dwelling intended for an aging community. A new approach to ‘aging in place’ which explores the community’s unique relationship with the natural, social and cultural urban landscape of Halifax, Nova Scotia will be proposed. The investigation re-examines the current social, spiritual and architectural framework for aging, and suggests a Shambhalian approach to design as a means of revealing authentic, balanced dwelling environments within the community.


title: Macroinfaunal communities in seagrass beds in Atlantic Canada: Regional variation and the effects of eutrophication and finfish aquaculture

contributor:
Department of Biology
Master of Science
Sophia Stone
Melisa Wong
Jon Grant
Marc Skinner
Heike Lotze
Allison Schmidt
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Seagrasses
Infauna
Benthic animals

abstract: Seagrass beds are productive coastal ecosystems that harbour many different species of flora and fauna. The benthic macrofauna that live within the sediments perform important roles that contribute to the ecological functioning and productivity of seagrass habitats. This thesis examined variation in macroinfaunal communities associated with seagrass beds in Atlantic Canada, spatially, and locally along a gradient of human impact. Firstly, I examined the regional variation of seagrass beds and macroinfaunal communities across three provinces in eastern Canada and linked the observed infaunal variation with seagrass bed structure and environmental conditions. I found regional differences in infauna community structure, which were significantly influenced by benthic productivity (the microphytobenthos). While the microphytobenthos consistently came out as the best predictor of the infauna community, nutrient enrichment and eelgrass structure also played an underlying role.  Secondly, I investigated changes in seagrass bed structure and macroinfaunal communities with respect to distance from a finfish farm. The infauna community was linked to changes in eelgrass structure, which in turn was significantly related to distance from the farm. In light of these results, I discuss the importance of large-scale spatial surveys, as well as local surveys across impact gradients, to inform the management and protection of seagrass ecosystems in Atlantic Canada.


title: “If Only I Had A Girlfriend!”: Towards A Queer Reading Of The Diary Of A Young Girl

contributor:
Department of English
Master of Arts
Dr. Lyn Bennett
Dr Jason Haslam
Dr. Trevor Ross
Dr. Dorota Glowacka
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Frank, Anne, 1929-1945.
Holocaust Studies
Queer Studies
Gender Studies
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)

abstract: In the January 6, 1944 entry of The Diary of A Young Girl, Anne Frank confesses her queer desire. This thesis will explore why this confession has received so little attention from scholars, despite its potential to undermine prevailing interpretations of Anne’s identity and experience within the Annex. Looking to Miranda Fricker’s 2007 text, Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing, this thesis will examine how and why Anne’s queer confession has been ignored, and how the subdual of Anne’s queer testimony has contributed to her status as an iconic Holocaust victim. Because the construction of Anne as an iconic victim denies her personal identity and sexual agency, my thesis—by providing a queer reading of The Diary—aims to undermine this construction at its foundations. By recovering Anne’s queer desire, my project will recontextualize Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl within the emergent field of Queer Holocaust Studies.


title: THE ROLE OF HEME REGULATORY ENZYMES IN MYOCYTES UNDER STRESS

contributor:
Department of Pharmacology
Master of Science
Dr. T Alexander Quinn
Dr. Kishore Pasumarthi
Dr. George Robertson
Dr. Keith R. Brunt
Received
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Heart failure
Heme metabolism
Hypoxia

abstract: The heme metabolism pathway remains a novel therapeutic target for heart failure treatment. However, how heme is regulated in the failing heart remains to be understood. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying heme regulation and its potential modulation by hypoxia inducible transcription factors, we investigated the expression of heme regulatory enzymes and hypoxia inducible factors in clinical heart failure and experimental heart failure rodent models. Here we show that heme regulatory enzymes - delta-aminolevulinic acid synthases (ALAS) and heme oxygenases (HMOX) - and heme bioavailability changed significantly in clinical and experimental rodent models of heart failure over time, that (HMOX1) protein levels remained relatively unchanged or decreased in experimental heart failure, and that HMOX1 expression is induced synergistically in heme-replete hypoxia, likely by hypoxia inducible factor 2a (HIF2a).


title: Canadian Counsellors’ Views of Working with Individuals Considering Third Party Reproduction

contributor:
School of Social Work
Master of Social Work
Dr. Jean Hughes
Dr. Catrina Brown
Dr. Cassandra Hanrahan
Dr. Catrina Brown
Received
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
third party counselling
Canada counselling
infertility counselling
counsellors infertility
Infertility - Patients - Counseling of.

abstract:
Assisted Human Reproduction has altered the way people can achieve parenthood; individuals, families and nations have had to adjust. In Canada the lack of legislation for this rapidly growing area of privatized medicine has meant there are complex issues that must be grappled with by both donors and prospective parents. Many Canadian fertility clinics require people who consider participating in third-party reproduction see a counsellor before they proceed. The focus of this research is to understand how Canadian counsellors view the role they play in their work with third-party pre-treatment clients.
     	This question was explored through a qualitative study. The data gained through interviews and email surveys were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study found that counsellors see themselves in a role that requires specialized skills they use to create a forum for discussion in which they educate, broaden clients’ context and reluctantly have influence on whether or not clients proceed with treatment. They face pressures from a poorly regulated system.  The counsellors balance the needs of their clients for information and support with those of the physicians to whom they report.


title: Physics in High Electric Fields

contributor: Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science

subject:
Field-induced chemistry
Density Functional Theory
Oxides
Atom Probe Tomography
Field Evaporation
Water
Electric Fields

abstract:
This thesis is a theoretical study on the effects of high electrostatic fields, fields of the order of Volts per Angstrøm, on the structure and stability of water, MgO, ZnO, and Si nanoclusters. A high electrostatic field applied across a material will raise the energy levels of a molecular orbital relative to another molecular orbital in the field direction. This rearrangement of the bonding and antibonding orbitals or field-induced chemistry can cause: (i) the electronic transformation of one material into another creating a continuous periodic table, (ii) the formation of new structures which are stable in the field, and (iii) field-induced dissociation or field evaporation. We perform detailed quantum mechanical calculations using density functional theory to explain experimental observations and explore the above effects.
To understand Atom Probe results on the field evaporation of semiconductors we calculate the effects of high electrostatic fields on MgO, ZnO, and Si clusters to follow the structural changes during field evaporation and to obtain potential energy curves, partial charges and desorption pathways. We obtain field evaporation products seen in experiment, address the question of what happens to the oxygen during field evaporation of the oxide, and explain why the O goes missing. It can migrate down the (metallic) surface of the tip and eventually desorb either as atoms or molecules (neutral). Evidence of field-induced metallization of the semiconductors is seen through closure of the HOMO-LUMO gaps, increases in dielectric constant and polarizability, and field expulsion inside the clusters. Strong band gap shrinkage of a dielectric nanostructure in a field was experimentally confirmed.
Finally, it has been observed in field ion microscopy experiments that long whiskers of up to 12 water molecules can form. We present whisker structures and energetics, lower and upper threshold fields, and fragmentation patterns. Our results are in general agreement with experiments including the fact that predominantly small protonated clusters break off. We also look at the quantum mechanics of charge transport along proton wires both with free ends and donor/acceptor terminated. The charge transfer times and the conductivity of the proton wire were calculated in agreement with experimental results.


title: ASSESSMENT OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM MECHANICS IN ADULTS: EFFECT OF WEIGHT LOSS, POSTURE, BRONCHODILATION AND ARTEFACTS ON RESPIRATORY IMPEDANCE AND ITS REPEATABILITY

contributor:
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Doctor of Philosophy
Dr. Chun Seow
Dr. Janie Wilson
Dr. Gail Dechman
Dr. Andrew Milne
Dr. Jason Gu
Dr. Paul Hernandez
Dr. Geoffrey Maksym
Received
Yes
Yes

subject: Oscillometry (Forced oscillation technique)

subject: Spirometry

subject: Plethysmography

subject: Obesity

subject: Weight loss

subject: Body mass index

subject: Lung function

subject: Lung mechanics

subject: Bronchial reversibility

subject: Sleep quality

subject: Repeatability

subject: Reproducibility

subject: Variability

subject: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

subject: Respiratory system resistance

subject: Respiratory system reactance

abstract:
Obesity is associated with respiratory symptoms that often improve with weight loss. However, traditional methods of testing pulmonary function such as spirometry and plethysmography show little or no changes with weight loss. Oscillometry which measures respiratory system mechanics could potentially fill this knowledge gap, but it has never been used to measure weight-induced changes in respiratory system mechanics in the supine position, even though such assessment would be more relevant to the mechanics of breathing during sleep.
We evaluated 19 severely obese female subjects using spirometry, plethysmography, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and hand-held oscillometry to obtain respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance from 6-19Hz before, and at five weeks and six months after weight loss surgery. These assessments were performed in both upright and supine positions, and pre- and post-bronchodilation with 200µg of salbutamol. An average weight loss of 11.9±2.7kg at 5 weeks was not associated with changes in upright respiratory mechanics, but Rrs at 19Hz (Rrs,19) was reduced by 13.1±3.8% in the supine position and this correlated with improvements in sleep quality. Weight loss also increased bronchodilator responsiveness, perhaps indicating improvements in airway-parenchymal tethering. At six months, greater mean weight-loss of 21.4±7.1kg caused significant changes in respiratory mechanics in both upright and supine positions. However, weight-loss induced a greater reduction in supine Rrs,19. Together with the early changes at 5 weeks, these results demonstrate the importance of breathing mechanics to sleep quality. By comparison, no significant changes were detected with spirometry.
We also characterized the biasing effects of inappropriate positioning of head-and-neck during oscillometry and compared these to the established effects of the upper airway shunt artefact. Impedance values were not significantly affected by 20° neck flexion, and although significant, changes in Rrs during 10° neck extension were small. Oscillometry outcomes were highly repeatable since within-test coefficient of variation (COV) was < 8%, and day-to-day COV was < 6% in all subjects. Furthermore, the test-retest reliability of oscillometry was also very high with Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.99. Taken together, hand-held oscillometry was very repeatable, reliable and more sensitive than spirometry at detecting changes in lung mechanics with weight-loss.


title: Evaluation of Biochar On Reducing Nitrogen Leaching From a Typical Soil in Nova Scotia

contributor:
Faculty of Agriculture
Master of Science
Haibo Niu
Peter Havard
Quan He
Haibo Niu
Not Received
No
No

subject:
Nutrient Leaching
Biochar
Nitrogen retention
Soil amendments.
Nitrogen fertilizers

abstract: Biochar has been recently used as a soil amendment on reducing the nitrogen (N) leaching from agricultural soils to the surface and ground waters. A laboratory study using column leaching tests to determine the effectiveness of different types of biochars under different dosages on reducing leaching of nitrate and ammonium from an agricultural soil in Nova Scotia. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in the amount of nitrate leached from ‘fertilized’ soil was observed on biochar treatments comparing to the control treatment. Poultry manure derived biochars were more effective on reducing nitrate leaching than wood derived biochars. Poultry manure biochars produced at high temperature showed the lowest cumulative nitrate leaching than other types of biochars. Biochar applied at rate of 5 g kg-1 of soil showed non-significant difference on reducing nitrate leaching compared with application rate of 10 g kg-1 of soil except for MH biochar, which reduced more nitrate from leaching at higher application rate. Soil received wood-derived biochars showed non-significant lower ammonium leaching than soil received non-biochar. Poultry manure derived biochars prone to increase the ammonium leaching over times.


title: Occupational Therapy in Community Mental Health: Paper versus Practice

contributor:
School of Occupational Therapy
Master of Science
Dr. Grace Warner
Dr. Catherine White
Dr. Tina Pranger
Dr. Crystal Dieleman
Received
No
Not Applicable

subject:
occupational therapy
mental health
clinical practice

abstract:
Community mental health teams (CMHTs) commonly include workers with different educational backgrounds in dual roles including generalist (e.g., case manager) and specialist duties (e.g., occupational therapist) (Culverhouse & Bibby, 2008; Parker, 2001).  Little has been done to examine how occupational therapists (OTs) working on CMHTs understand their professional roles in relation to existing governing documents.
Methods included a document review and content analysis identifying the role on paper, compared and contrasted against individual interviews highlighting OTs roles in practice.
The study finds direction lacking from governing texts related to occupational therapy on CMHTs. OT practices are informed largely by previous student and work experiences, client needs, individual therapist skills, and team makeup. OTs find themselves experiencing seemingly opposing views (e.g., wide scope of practice vs. narrow scope; all alone in a crowd; ‘I do it all’ vs. ‘its all teamwork’). The lens through which one chooses to view one’s practice influences one’s perception of how much work is designated as occupational therapy-specific.
Priority areas for improvement: 1) successfully navigating the dual role, 2) enabling more evidence-informed practice, 3) addressing role clarity, and 4) supporting clinical student placements on CMHTs.


title: BACKSTEPPING-ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF MOBILE MANIPULATORS FOR TRAJECTORY TRACKING

contributor:
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Master of Applied Science
Dr. Dominic Groulx
Dr. Serguei Iakovlev
Dr. Marek Kujath
Dr. Yajun-Pan
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
control of mobile manipulators
adaptive control
dynamic control of robotic system
backstepping control
modelling of robotic system
nonholonomic constraints
Mobile robots
Manipulators (Mechanism)

abstract:
A mobile manipulator is a manipulator arm mounted on the mobile platform to offer more flexibilities to reach to the target position in the space. In recent years, research activities in this area have expanded because of the mobility merges with the manipulation. A good amount of research and improvements have been carried out in the field of nonholonomic control of mobile vehicles and motion control of manipulator arms. In literatures, control methods such as state-feedback, output-feedback, dynamic coupling, model-based, adaptive tracking control, etc. have been applied to the control of mobile manipulators.

One of the objectives of this research work is to construct the systematic modeling of kinematics and dynamics of the mobile manipulator using the Lagrangian dynamics under the nonholonomic constraints. Then design a controller for n+m degree of freedom mobile manipulator with the aim of simultaneous control of the velocity of the mobile platform and the motion of the end-effector. Using the idea of kinematic backstepping control and adaptive torque control, a two-step control is presented for the nonholonomic mobile manipulator. The kinematic velocity control is designed in the first step such that all the desired trajectories are achieved. In the second step, the adaptive torque controller based on the dynamics of the mobile manipulator is designed such that the mobile platform velocity and the end-effector position converge to the reference trajectories designed in the first step. The parameters in this case are assumed to be completely unknown. The parameter update law is formed and used along with the designed controller to update the parameters. Those parameters are used as the estimates of the real parameters and a control signal is produced. This control scheme provides an efficient solution to the motion control problem. System dynamics is modeled in the MATLAB/Simulink and an appropriate controller is modelled for the specified task. Simulink results validate that the designed control method guarantees that the mobile manipulator states converge to the desired trajectories.


title: Sedimentology of the Fluvial Systems of the Clear Fork Formation in North-Central Texas: Implications for Early Permian Paleoclimate and Plant Fossil Taphonomy

contributor:
Department of Earth Sciences
Doctor of Philosophy
Dr. Massimiliano Ghinassi
Dr. John Gosse
Dr. Anne-Marie Ryan
Dr. John Calder
Dr. John Gosse
Martin Gibling
Not Applicable
Yes
Yes

subject:
Sedimentology
Mineralogy
Paleoclimate
Plants, Fossil

abstract:
The Lower Permian Clear Fork Formation of north-central Texas is a ~350 m thick redbed deposit with extensive paleosols and well-preserved plant and vertebrate fossils. Deposited on the western equatorial margin of Pangea under (semi)arid conditions on the stable Eastern Shelf of the Midland Basin, the formation experienced shallow burial, which minimized diagenetic effects and allowed the preservation of paleoclimatic indicators. This study investigates the spatial and stratigraphic variations of the alluvial systems and provides a parallel assessment of Early Permian paleoclimatic trends established from previous studies.
Four fluvial styles were identified, representing fine-grained meandering and coarser ephemeral sandbed channels. The meandering channels exposed in cliff sections and as exhumed point bars represent a continuum between sustained lateral accretion of bedload composed of quartzose sediments and reworked pedogenic mud aggregates, and oblique accretion of suspended sediments. Swept ripples were formed as water levels declined rapidly to near-dryness and as overbank floodwaters re-entered the channels downstream. Mud aggregates are unusually well-preserved in some channel bodies due to rigid surrounding grains and cements, rapid burial within the migrating point bar, and shallow long-term burial. Abandoned channel fills contain variegated laminated mudstone with well-preserved plant leaves derived from the vegetated riparian zone. The ephemeral channels are represented by tabular sandstones that cut across the landscape and show evidence for strong but fluctuating flow.
In the formation, cements and nodules change upward from mainly calcite and ankerite in the lower unit to dolomite and gypsum with minor celestine in the middle and upper units, implying increasingly saline groundwater and supporting progressive regional aridification, which is also evident in other Late Paleozoic studies. In the meandering channel bodies, upper flow regime bedforms are confined to the lower unit, and the occurrence of plant and animal fossils decreases upsection. However, tabular sandstones and avulsive meandering bodies in the middle unit imply more humid periods with higher discharge. Many features of the Clear Fork Formation are similar to the Channel Country of central Australia, making it an appropriate modern analogue.


title: REMOVAL OF ALUMINIUM FROM FILTER BACKWASH WATER  USING ADSORBENTS AND A GEOTEXTILE

contributor:
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of Applied Science
Dr. Hany El Naggar
Dr. Margaret Walsh
Dr. Rob Jamieson
Dr. Graham Gagnon
Dr. Craig Lake
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Wastewater treatment and reuse
Aluminium
Filter Backwash Water (FBWW)
Geotextile
Sewage - Purification

abstract: Aluminium present in filter backwash water (FBWW) at the J. Douglas Kline Water Treatment Plant (JDKWTP), located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, represents a challenge for environmental compliance. The aluminum (Al) concentration in the FBWW sometimes exceeds the provincial regulation of guidelines of 184 (µg/L). The utilization of alum (Al2(SO4)314H2O) coagulation during treatment operations is the predominant source of this aluminum. The aim of this study is to investigate utilizing adsorbents and geotextiles to reduce total and dissolved Al concentration and total suspended solids (TSS) in the FBWW. Three adsorbents; calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (Mg0) and ferric oxide (Fe3O4) and several combinations of these adsorbents were investigated in the study. In addition, Tencate GT500 woven geotextiles were chosen as filter media to remove Al as well as to minimize TSS from the adsorbent-treated FBWW. An optimal dosage of cationic polymer was also considered to assist with the acceleration of floc formation to achieve better removal efficiency. For the testing, 1 mg/L of cationic polymer was utilized considering both pH adjustment (approx. 6.5) and without pH adjustment conditions. Adsorbent dosage was increased stepwise with an addition of 0.1~5.0 gm per liter in the FBWW resulting in removal of total Al between 95% to 98% using MgO and CaO and around 83~89% using ferric oxide. Reduction of TSS was also achieved in these trials. Geotextiles were also used to efficiently remove TSS and removal of total Al concentration was found around 95% from these treated FBWWs. An optimal (i.e. 1 g/L) dosage of a combination of 50/50 mix of CaO and iron oxide adsorbents was found to be an effective dosage resulting from the analysis which can be useful for further recommendations in future.


title: Analytical and Nanotechnological Methods for Detection of 3-OH Oxylipins and Cell Ultrastructure in Fermenting Yeasts

contributor: Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science

subject:
Fermentation
Fatty Acids
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Nanotechnology

abstract:
While 3-hydroxy (OH) oxylipins, a class of hydroxy free fatty acids (FFA), have been previously presumed to play a role in the industrially important brewing yeast flocculation phenomenon, the exact biological function was not known. In earlier yeast 3-OH oxylipin investigations, these molecules were identified by diazomethane derivatization and then separation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Unfortunately, this approach only allowed for qualitative analysis of 3-OH oxylipins in yeast. The difficulty associated with diazomethane use has also meant that lipid analysts must use alternate approaches that still target FFA specifically. A survey of the literature identified numerous approaches to detect FFA that did not require diazomethane. They were grouped as selective quantifications/extractions, purifications and alternate derivatizations.

	Here it is shown that 3-OH oxylipins can be detected in the SMA strain of Saccharomyces pastorianus grown in lab-scale fermentations without diazomethane by extracting cellular lipids with ethyl acetate, trimethylsilylating the total lipid extract and GC-MS identification using the diagnostic m/z 233 fragment. A second detection strategy was also devised where 3-OH oxylipins were separated from the total lipid extract using thin layer chromatography. Thereafter, 3-OH oxylipins were methylated using BCl3-MeOH and derivatized at the hydroxy group with heptaflouorobutyric anhydride. Detection of the heptafluorobuyrate methyl ester derivatives using negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry allowed for the first quantitative analysis of 3-OH oxylipins in yeast. During growth of the SMA strain in lab scale fermentations, 3-OH decanoic acid ranged from 0.68 ± 0.22 - 4.82 ± 0.18 ng/mg dry cell mass.

	The discovery of CO2 bubbles inside fermentation yeasts using Auger-architechtomics has also necessitated more comprehensive studies of bubble formation and 3-OH oxylipin production. Using Nano scanning Auger microscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and immunofluorescence microscopy with 3-OH oxylipin specific antibodies, bubble formation and 3-OH oxylipin production were studied in fermenting and respiring SMA cells. Examinations showed networks of CO2 in fermenting cells that increased in size with fermentation duration. TOF-SIMS analysis also showed a compositional difference at the interior and exterior of fermenting and respiring cells, while immunofluorescence results suggested contrasting 3-OH oxylipin profiles in fermenting vs. respiring SMA cells.


title: Influence of model spatial resolution on simulated aerosol surface concentration

subject:
atmospheric chemistry
particulate matter
modeling
PM2.5
Environmental chemistry.

abstract:
Fine particulate matter known as PM2.5 exists in Earth’s atmosphere at varying levels globally. High ambient concentrations of PM2.5 are associated with adverse health impacts, reduced visibility, and have a relatively poorly understood effect on global climate. Global chemical transport models provide an opportunity to simulate PM2.5 with full spatial coverage on a global to regional scale. Satellite observations can be incorporated with simulated PM2.5 to further strengthen PM2.5 estimates. This work explores the differences in simulated PM2.5 using fine (0.25◦ x 0.3125◦) and coarse (2◦ x 2.5◦) model resolution, with the aim of improving PM2.5 estimation and monitoring.
Simulating surface concentration of PM2.5 using fine spatial resolution improves agreement with ground-based measurements compared with a coarse resolution simulation, with explained variance increasing by as much as 0.16 seasonally. The  fine resolution simulation better resolves spatial gradients in surface PM2.5 which are poorly captured at coarse resolution, such as regions of biomass burning. In urban areas, where population is most dense and accurate health impact assessments are crucial, the  fine resolution simulation reveals enhanced surface PM2.5 at the sub-grid scale around city centres.
Combining simulated PM2.5/AOD with satellite-derived observations yields further improvements in estimated surface PM2.5. The  fine resolution satellite-model PM2.5 estimates show the strongest agreement with ground-based measurements, with correlation coe cients >0.53 and near 1:1 relationship across all seasons.
Differences between estimates of PM2.5 and its constituent species at varying model resolutions result from differences in emission density, i.e. the dilution of high density emission sources over coarse grid boxes.
Recommendations for future simulations are made based on  fine resolution sensitivity tests with varying chemical mechanisms and emission inputs.


title: Reduction of the Organic Load of Industrial Wood Preserving Wastewater via Chemical Oxidation

contributor:
Faculty of Agriculture
Master of Science
Dr. Haibo Niu
Dr. Glenn Stratton
Dr. Gordon Price
Dr. Dave Burton
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Yes

subject:
Chemical Oxidation
Wastewater treatment and reuse
Remediation
PAHs
Pentachlorophenol
Fenton's Reagent
Modified Fenton's
Potassium Permanganate
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Factory and trade waste

abstract: The efficacy of chemical oxidation as a wastewater treatment method for Stella Jones Inc. (Atlantic Canada) was evaluated using 3 chemical oxidants; Fenton’s Reagent, Modified Fenton’s and potassium permanganate. Reduction of the organic load and toxic compounds in the wastewater to increase the longevity of carbon filters was the end goal. Effectiveness was primarily based on the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and reduction of toxic and recalcitrant compounds including 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Fenton’s Reagent resulted in the greatest COD reduction of 86%. Modified Fenton’s and potassium permanganate resulted in improved reduction of PAHs with notable reductions seen in the larger ringed PAHs (4-6 rings). Low confidence in PCP results were noted. As PAHs were found in low concentrations in the wastewater, Fenton’s Reagent was chosen as the best treatment oxidant due to the overall reduction of the organic load of the wastewater.


title: Increasing Throughput in Multiuser Two-Hop Relay Networks Using Time Scheduling and Signal Processing

contributor: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering

subject:
Relay networks
Wireless communication systems
Alternative relaying

abstract:
This dissertation is concerned with the design of time scheduling and signal processing algorithms to mitigate interference effects in wireless networks with successive relaying where the nodes in the system are equipped with multiple antennas. These networks as a form of cooperative communications and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have the promise of significantly higher spectral efficiency and reliability than the conventional networks. Reusing the same spectrum by simultaneous multiple transmissions in successive relaying increases spectrum efficiency however it also causes interference which if not mitigated may limit the overall wireless network performance. With these motivations, this dissertation presents three main contributions to lessen or completely cancel relay interference and improve bandwidth efficiency.
First, we consider relay-assisted downlink transmissions to support increased data rates for single antenna users. In the first stage of the communication process, the base station with multiple antennas sends to different users.  In the next stage, users and their assigned relays form independent networks. Relays using an amplify-and-forward (AF) scheme aid the recovery of messages by the user which solves linear system of equations developed in this dissertation. All of these subnetworks utilize the same bandwidth concurrently producing an acceptable level of multiple access interference (MAI) where the MAI is controlled using specialized frequency reuse plan.
Secondly, we develop receiver-based inter-relay interference (IRI) cancellation in AF two-hop systems with successive transmissions. In networks with strong inter-relay channel gains, representing IRI with the recursive terms and exploiting opportunistic listening, in this dissertation, this interference is fully removed using limited channel state information (CSI) about channel gain matrices from both hops.
Finally, to complement our second contribution, we develop transmitter precoding to cancel IRI in systems with successive relaying. When designing the scheme, we benefit from the broadcast channel characteristic of the radio channel and the knowledge at the source of all the data contributing to IRI.
This dissertation advances the theory of successive relaying through its integration with time scheduling and signal processing within the framework of cooperative communications system designs. The results presented in this work are applicable to wireless networks on downlink and uplink in systems ranging from cellular to ad-hoc networks.


title: A DATA MINING FRAMEWORK FOR PRODUCT BUNDLE DESIGN AND PRICING

contributor:
Faculty of Computer Science
Master of Computer Science
Dr. Malcolm Heywood
Dr. Evangelos E. Milios
Dr. Vlado Keselj
Dr. Qigang Gao
Dr. Hai Wang
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

abstract: Product bundling is a marketing strategy that has been widely studied in research literature and extensively used in practice. With the growing quantity of products and huge possible bundling combinations, it is necessary to develop algorithmic approaches to determine which items should be in a profitable bundle, which bundling strategy is most profitable, and what the proper price is for a bundle. Previous studies have put forward many approaches for bundle design, but they have many limitations. Consumer’ behaviors may be not in accordance with their statements in a survey, thus the transaction data is a more reliable source to predict their purchase behaviors. As consumers’ demand and market supply will fluctuate continuously, fail to consider price elasticity of demand (PED) will cause biases for prediction, where PED is used to measure consumers’ abilities and willingness to pay for certain products. In this thesis, we propose a data mining framework which incorporates the time value of money in data mining tasks, and it is capable of determining the product combination and price of a bundle in order to maximize the revenue. We also apply association mining to generate meaningful candidate bundles and reduce computation cost. This framework analyzes consumer and product data, taking demand and inflation factors into consideration, to fill in the gaps as mentioned. We also demonstrate the efficiency of this data mining framework through experiments and simulations.


title: UNDERSTANDING YOUTH LANDSCAPE PERCEPTIONS AND MAPPING LANDSCAPE VALUES VIA SOCIAL MEDIA

contributor: School for Resource & Environmental Studies

subject:
Social Media
Generation Y
Hydroelectric Dam
Instagram
Landscape Perception
Landscape Values
Spatial Analysis
Geographic Information

abstract: Hydroelectricity is a ‘special case’ among renewable energies for its maturity, large scale, and extensive landscape impacts. To understand how locals perceive, use, and value the landscape is critical when considering hydro dam proposals. Previous research offers insight into local perspectives but conventional methods (e.g., survey and interview) show gaps in youth participation and engagement in these research activities. To fill this gap, we collect social media data to understand youth perceptions of the landscape. Results show that the most prominent landscape value in the Clean Energy Project (Site C) located in northern British Columbia area is aesthetics which is highly related to the river, riparian land, and mountains. In the Mactaquac dam area of New Brunswick, reservoir-based lifestyle is key to interpreting youth landscape perception. Landscape values are then mapped by kernel density estimation to show the spatial patterns. We find that different landscape values emerge in different places. This demonstrates that the approach of collecting and coding geo-tagged social media data is feasible and effective for landscape research.


title: Discriminative Shape Feature Pooling in Deep Convolutional Networks for Visual Classification

contributor:
Faculty of Computer Science
Master of Computer Science
Dr. Malcolm Heywood
Dr. Evangelos Milios
Dr. Dirk Arnold
Dr. Qigang Gao
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Deep Learning
Convolutional Neural Networks
Image Classification
Handcrafted features
Pooling
Neural networks (Computer science)

abstract: Unlike conventional handcrafted feature extractors, deep learning approach can extract generic image features without relying on explicit domain knowledge. Recently, there is a trend of combining handcrafted features with learned deep networks to leverage benefits of both. However, the usage of handcrafted features in existing methods are either by naïve concatenation or brute force from deep networks, and lack in addressing issues of parameter quality in the network. In this research, we propose a method that enriches the deep network features by injecting perceptual shape features - Generic Edge Tokens and Curve Partitioning Points, to adjust network’s internal parameter updating process. Thus, the modified convolutional neural network (CNN) produces image representation that tightly embraces benefits from both handcrafted and deep learned features. Our experiments on several benchmark datasets show improved performance compared to models using either handcrafted features or deep network representations alone, with reduced computation and faster convergence rate.


title: Project PLaY: Physical Literacy in the early Years

contributor:
School of Health & Human Performance
Master of Science
Dr. Lynne Robinson
Dr. Michelle Stone
Dr. Laurene Rehman
Dr. Louise Humbert
Dr. Melanie Keats
Received
No
No

subject:
Physical Literacy
Preschool
Fundamental Movement Skills
Physical Activity
Structured Play
Movement Intervention
Exercise

abstract: Research and report on the effectiveness of structured play at improving fundamental movement skill ability in preschool children.

abstract: Yearly reports emphasize low physical activity (PA) rates in preschool children and fundamental movement skill (FMS) development has been deemed an effective way to increase PA. While previous research suggests play alone is unable to improve FMS, methodological shortcomings led to the question of whether “free-play” groups were incorporating sufficient movement into their play to improve FMS. This study examined the effectiveness of an 8-week structured play-based intervention, a structured skill-based instructive technique and a free-play control of equal duration on FMS development in preschool aged children. Both interventions showed statistically significant improvements in FMS ability while no improvements were found in the free-play control group. The structured play approach was easier to implement, adapted well to altering participant numbers, and required less personnel to complete. These findings highlight the use of structured play programs as a beneficial and manageable approach to movement development in preschool children.


title: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NINE IMMUNE SYSTEM GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND TOLERANCE TO ALEUTIAN MINK DISEASE VIRUS INFECTION

contributor:
Faculty of Agriculture
Master of Science
Dr. Haibo Niu
Dr Nancy McLean
Dr Tarjei Tennessen
Dr Hossain Farid
Not Applicable
No
Not Applicable

subject:
Minks
Polymorphism
Aleutian mink disease virus
Tolerance
Minks - Diseases

abstract: Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) causes a major health concern for the mink industry worldwide. There is no vaccine or treatment for this disease and the only control measure is regular testing of mink for antibodies against AMDV and removal of seropositive animals. This strategy has not been effective in controlling the virus. Selecting mink that can tolerate AMDV and do not succumb to the disease would be useful for the mink industry. Allele frequency changes in 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine immune system genes (IL-6, LEP, FcεR1G, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9 and TGF-β1) were determined in two black mink herds naturally exposed to AMDV and selected for tolerance and four control herds. There was evidence that TLR2, TLR4 and TLR7 genes were possibly under selection in one of the tolerant herds. SNPs in these genes may serve as putative molecular markers for tolerance to AMDV infection.


title: Sparse Channel Estimation and Tracking for Underwater Acoustic Communications

abstract:
This thesis focuses on estimation and tracking of underwater acoustic channels. A model of underwater acoustic channel suitable to study the channel estimation problem is constructed. The model is used together with a Bellhop acoustic wave propagation simulator to generate channels for various propagation environments, depths and distances, and we studied their sparseness and variation properties. Finally a number of estimation methods such as basis pursuit and approximate message passing
are adapted to channel estimation problems and tested on a number of channels. Window-based and Kalman- filter based channel tracking is also studied. A detailed comparison of estimation and tracking methods is presented.


title: Studies on the Structural and Electronic Properties of Thiolate-protected Gold Nanoclusters by X-ray Spectroscopy

contributor:
Department of Chemistry
Doctor of Philosophy
Dr. Zhifeng Ding
Dr. Mark Stradiotto
Dr. Robert L. White
Dr. Jan K. Rainey
Dr. Erin R. Johnson
Dr. Peng Zhang
Dr. Amares Chatt
Not Applicable
Yes
Yes

subject:
Physical Chemistry
Nanoparticles
Nanoclusters
Gold Chemistry
X-ray Spectroscopy

abstract:
Thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (Au(SR) NCs) exhibit molecule-like properties that are both remarkable and unusual for metal-based nanoparticles. The ultra-small particle size and high stability enables Au(SR) NCs to be synthesized with atomic precision, where distinct particles have an exact composition of Au atoms and thiolate ligands. Recently, crystal structures of atomically-precise Au(SR) NCs (e.g., Au25(SR)18 and Au102(SR)44) have been elucidated. This structural information enables their fascinating structure and properties to be examined in great detail, allowing for the effect of structural components, such as core, surface and metal-ligand interface, on the molecule-like properties to be addressed. Working towards this remaining challenge, experimental X-ray spectroscopy (mainly X-ray absorption spectroscopy) and supporting techniques were utilized as a suitable means to study the structure and electronic properties of Au(SR) NCs and other NC systems from an element- and site-specific perspective.
	Herein, studies were devoted to understanding the effect of core structure and protecting ligands on the structure and properties of Au(SR) NCs. The influence of core size and geometry is first examined for icosahedral-based and face-centred cubic (FCC)-based Au(SR) NCs. It is shown that a difference of only a few Au atoms in the core can modulate the valence electronic structure and restructure the surface of icosahedral-based Au(SR) NCs. Au(SR) NCs with a FCC core geometry are found to have a common Au4 core structural component that directs the molecule-like electronic properties and temperature-dependent bonding properties that are unique to FCC-based Au(SR) NCs. Examining the effect of ligand head group, structurally analogous selenolate-protected Au NCs reveal the predominate effect of Se on the electronic and bonding properties of Au NCs through more covalent Au-ligand interactions. The role of water-soluble glutathione ligands on the structure and photoluminescence of Au(SR) NCs were then investigated along with a comparison to organo-soluble Au(SR) NCs of the same composition. Finally, experimental and investigative techniques developed throughout this work were extended to study the structure and properties of protein-protected Au NCs and thiolate-protected Ag NCs.


title: CHRONIC, MULTI-GENERATIONAL EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSES OF IMIDACLOPRID: ITS EFFECTS ON CHEMICAL PRECONDITIONING AND MUTATION INDUCTION IN NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS IN MYZUS PERSICAE (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

contributor:
Faculty of Agriculture
Master of Science
Dr. Haibo Niu
Dr. Chibuike Udenigwe
Dr. Shelley Adamo
Dr. G. Christopher Cutler
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Entomology
Toxicology
Imidacloprid
Pesticides
Hormesis
Aphids
Gene Mutations

abstract: Hormesis is a phenomenon whereby exposure to low or sublethal doses of a chemical, physical, or biological stressor stimulate or enhance biological processes in an organism. Hormesis is an evolutionarily conserved process thought to allow organisms to adapt to stress. Hormetic effects such as increased lifespan and increased reproduction induced by exposure to low dose chemical stressors have been well documented in many insect species. This is of interest in integrated pest management as insects are likely to be exposed to low dose chemical stresses from pesticides as they break down in the environment. Under the umbrella of hormesis is another phenomenon known as hormetic preconditioning, whereby exposure to low doses of stress prime organisms to better survive additional, more challenging levels of stress. This phenomenon could aid in the development of insecticide resistance. It has also been hypothesized that low levels of stress may hasten the development of pesticide resistance by increasing mutation frequencies in pests. My thesis examined low dose and hormetic priming and whether it manifests over time by exposing Myzus persicae to low doses of imidacloprid, over four generations. Individuals from each generation were then exposed to several, increasingly lethal concentrations of the insecticide, imidacloprid, or spirotetramat, which has a differing mode of action, to determine if and how low dose insecticide exposure primed the aphids to better survive additional, and variable chemical stresses. Insects exposed to low doses of imidacloprid were also subjected to dose response assays, which characterized the ability of exposed aphids to survive a wide range of subsequent insecticide concentrations. I also examined whether exposure to low doses of the insecticide, imidacloprid, over multiple generations, induced mutations in five subunits of the M. persicae nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, comprising the majority of the imidacloprid binding site. Exposure to mildly toxic concentrations of imidacloprid did not result in priming when insects were subsequently exposed to more toxic concentrations of imidacloprid and spirotetramat. Exposure to hormetic concentrations of imidacloprid did prime insects to better cope with subsequent imidacloprid stress after several generations, but not spirotetramat stress. Hormetic priming did not manifest in a transgenerational manner and only some individuals in the population subjected to hormetic concentrations of imidacloprid appeared to be adapting to the insecticide. Exposure to hormetic and mildly toxic concentrations of imidacloprid did not result in mutations in subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. While hormesis poses a challenge to pest management, my findings suggest that the extent to which low dose exposures to chemical stress likely will not result in substantial pesticide adaptation over several generations.


title: PROCESSING OF CAMELINA SATIVA OILSEED TO EVALUATE DIGESTIBILITY FOR POTENTIAL INCLUSION IN DIETS FOR COLDWATER CARNIVOROUS FISH.

contributor:
Faculty of Agriculture
Master of Science
Dr. Dian Patterson
Dr. James Duston
Dr. Santosh Lall
Dr. Derek Anderson
Received
Not Applicable
Yes

subject:
Camelina sativa
digestibility
Atlantic cod
Atlantic salmon
rainbow trout
expelling
solvent extract
protein concentrate
enzyme

abstract: Camelina sativa is an oilseed with potential to be processed into several novel plant-based protein or lipid rich by-products for use in fish feeds. Digestibility values are needed to formulate balanced diets using these feedstuffs. Camelina full fat seed, oil, expelled meal (HORM), and solvent extracted meal (SEM) were developed. Apparent digestibility values were determined for Atlantic cod (AC), Atlantic salmon (AS), and rainbow trout (RT). Digestible protein (DP; %) content was established for the seed, HORM, and SEM for the AC (23.0, 32.6, 34.1, respectively), AS (23.9, 33.4, 35.6, respectively) and RT (21.7, 33.4, 35.2, respectively). Digestible energy (DE; kcal/kg) content was established for the oil (AC, 6596; AS, 8524; RT, 8063). There was no effect from toasting SEM for RT. Water and phytase enzyme pre-treatment of SEM for 24 hours removed the glucosinolates and phytate completely (RT; DP, 35.44%; DE, 3185 kcal/kg). Based on digestibility values, these products show good potential for use in aquaculture feeds.


title: Analyzing Large Scale Wi-Fi Data Using Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Techniques

contributor:
Faculty of Computer Science
Master of Computer Science
Dr. Malcolm Heywood
Dr. Srini Sampalli
Dr. Qigang Gao
Dr. Stan Matwin
Not Applicable
Yes
Not Applicable

subject:
Machine Learning
Wi-Fi Analytics
Partial Spatial History
Wi-Fi Positioning System
Analy
Wireless LANs

abstract: With the increasing number of Wi-Fi enabled portable devices, and the ubiquitous Wi-Fi networks, analyzing multiple aspects of a population is becoming more insightful, inexpensive and non-intrusive. Network packets propagated from Wi-Fi enabled devices encapsulate spatial, spatiotemporal and behavioral information about the device holders. An opportunity that was available only to online stores a decade ago. In this thesis, we propose two methods to expand the possibilities of Wi-Fi Analytics. First, we present a remote localization technique as an essential preprocessing step to enable Wi-Fi Analytics in the retail and hospitality sector by analyzing non-intrusively collected Wi-Fi packets using supervised learning. Our method is capable of estimating positions without any prior knowledge about the store plan or the antennas' location with only one off-the-shelf access point. Unlike other positioning techniques, instead of estimating a relative position of a device from an antenna, we provide an absolute position for a device as inside or outside of a venue without making any assumption about the site nor the positioned devices. Second, we present a non-intrusive technique to learn about past spatial behaviors of a population by analyzing their SSID data. The main outcome of this component is to expand our knowledge about previously visited locations of a population by collecting few network packets of the Wi-Fi enabled devices and mining the data using unsupervised learning techniques.


title: Effect of High Chloride Concentrations on Cast Iron Corrosion and Water Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

contributor:
Department of Civil Engineering
Doctor of Philosophy
Dr. Laurie McNeill
Dr. Hany El. Naggar
Dr. Lisbeth Truelstrup Hansen
Dr. Graham Gagnon
Dr. Margaret Walsh
Dr. Jennie Rand
Not Applicable
Yes
Yes

subject:
corrosion
high chloride concentration
Cast-iron
Cast-iron--Corrosion

abstract: Chloride can be present in drinking water from various sources including treatment practices for natural organic matter (NOM) removal, saltwater intrusion, run-off from deicing salt, and use of desalinated water. The purpose of this research was to examine the impacts of variable chloride concentrations on disinfection efficacy and microbial regrowth, iron corrosion and its release from iron surfaces, and effectiveness of different corrosion control strategies in chlorinated drinking water distribution systems. Additionally, the characteristics of resulting iron corrosion products and bacterial biofilm communities were investigated. Results showed that elevated chloride concentrations did not have a significant impact on microbial regrowth in terms of bulk or biofilm HPCs, and higher chlorine dosages were required to achieve target free chlorine residuals in high chloride systems. It was observed that in the presence of high chloride concentrations more crystalline and porous scales, which are less protective against corrosion, were formed on the surface of cast iron coupons that promoted the iron corrosion and release. Moreover, larger iron particles were formed, which can resuspend in flowing water and cause water discoloration. Investigations into the effect of variable chloride concentrations on effectiveness of different corrosion control strategies suggested that elevated chloride concentrations interfered with inhibiting action of the corrosion control strategies and reduced their effectiveness. Finally, results showed that bacterial biofilm population decreased with chlorination and increasing chloride concentrations, and were unlikely to contribute to the observed increased corrosion rates in cast iron systems under the conditions tested in this experiment.


title: On The Use of Vector Representation for Improved Accuracy and Currency of Twitter POS Tagging

contributor:
Faculty of Computer Science
Master of Computer Science
Dr. Malcolm Heywood
Dr. Evangelos Milios
Dr. James Blustein
Dr. Stan Matwin
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject: Twitter

subject: POS Tagging

subject: Natural language processing (Computer science)

subject: Point-of-speech tagging

abstract: The scarcity of labelled text corpora has inspired alternative methods for harnessing data for training and development of Natural Language Processing systems geared toward tasks such as Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging, Chunking and Semantic Role Labelling. Of particular interest is the performance of POS taggers on corpora which are largely informal and unstructured such as Twitter posts. In modern business activity, the expansion of social media networks has led to increased ’lead generation’ activity; POS taggers form a significant part of such activities. We have trained a neural network based POS tagger using commercially available, labelled Penn Tree-bank data together with Twitter word embeddings. Word embeddings (or vector representations) are generated from tweets and used for training of the POS tagger. We illustrate the value of harnessing tweets as an unlimited, freely available data source by demonstration of improved performance on tagging of twitter text.


title: The Distribution of Recent Foraminifera in Southeast Baffin Bay

subject: Oceanography

abstract: In a study of foraminiferal distribution in southeast Baffin Bay and the associated environmental parameters, 44 grab samples and 4 cores were analysed for their foraminiferal and sediment contents. Environmental parameters studied were bathymetry, sediment distribution and calcium carbonate content of the sediments. Of the environmental factors considered depth and substrate were found to be most closely associated with foraminiferal distribution, with the sediment type related to the source of sedimentary particles and the prevailing currents. A foraminiferal depth zonation based on the grouping of stations with like faunas was worked out and showed: a shallow water (40-250 metres) diverse calcareous fauna dominated by Cibicides lobatulus and Astrononion gallowayi; an intermediate depth (150-400 metres) arenaceous fauna with Adercotryma glomeratum, Textularia torquata, Trochammina nana and Spiroplectammina biformis dominant; a deep water (300-750 metres), very sparse mixed fauna with calcareous specimens in the majority and Melonis zaandami a common species. In the core samples arenaceous Foraminifera virtually disappear at distances greater than 5-10 cm below the top, probably as a result of mechanical or chemical disintegration soon after burial, caused by compaction of the sediments or the action of annelids or both. Accordingly only calcareous assemblages could be considered for further paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Planktonic foraminiferal tests were rare in the sediments despite being present in the water column in the area. Tests were almost all Globigerina pachyderma and were found in the more calcareous benthonic populations. The inorganic calcium carbonate content of the sediments was found to be closely associated with the calcareous foraminiferal content, indicating a negligible carbonate contribution to the sediments from terrestrial sources. The application of Similarity Analysis and Group Average Sorting techniques gives a grouping of stations with like faunal assemblages similar to that obtained from a visual inspection of the raw data, but these techniques also extract some finer distinctions not otherwise obvious. This indicates that Similarity and Cluster Analyses, and statistical techniques are valuable for studies using larger amounts of more complex data.


title: A Conceptual Framework for Supererogation

abstract: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the subject of Philosophy at Dalhousie University, August 1972.

abstract:
In this thesis an attempt is made to provide a satisfactory account of supererogatory acts, i.e. those acts which are considered
to be right to do and not wrong not to do, and are sometimes idiomatically referred to as 'above and beyond the call of duty'. A partial classification of moral terminology is given under the traditional headings of the deontological, the aretological, and the axiological, each of which is associated with certain modes of evaluation, viz. act evaluation, agent evaluation, or some combination of these. Various definitions employing these moral terms are proposed and all are found to be inadequate for distinguishing supererogatory acts from duty-fulfilling or merely permissible acts. A distinction is made between intrinsic value (herein called 'non-moral value' for purposes of contrast) and moral value. Employing this distinction a sufficient definition of supererogation is formulated in which all the moral terms are in an act evaluatory mode.


title: Do Young Children Understand Anonymity & Does Anonymity Influence their Sharing?

contributor: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience

subject:
prosocial
sharing
anonymous
development
preferences
dictator game
Child development
Sharing in children

abstract: Previous research has confirmed that numerous variables influence children’s sharing; however, little work has investigated whether children share differently in anonymous and non-anonymous contexts. Manipulating anonymity affords one way of testing whether children, like adults, share strategically less as anonymous donors than as identified donors. Testing children’s anonymous sharing allows speculation on factors that may motivate children’s sharing. Thus, the goals of this dissertation were to (1) shed light on children’s understanding of anonymity, (2) examine whether anonymity influences generosity, and (3) test for preferences for anonymous versus non-anonymous sharing. This dissertation explored 3- and 5-year-old children’s anonymous sharing through four experiments, which empirically tested the following research questions: (1) Do young children understand anonymous sharing?; (2) Does anonymity influence how much children share?; and (3) Do children prefer to share as, and receive from anonymous or identified donors? These questions contribute to the understanding of motivational and contextual factors that could influence children’s sharing. Experiments 1 and 2 assessed children’s understanding of anonymous sharing. Results indicated that children understood identified sharing; however, 5-year-olds understood anonymous sharing more reliably than 3-year-olds. In Experiments 1, 2, and 4, dictator games were used to test whether anonymity impacted children’s generosity. Results suggested that children shared similarly regardless of whether they were anonymous or identified donors; even when children chose whether they shared as anonymous or identified donors. Finally, Experiments 3 and 4 examined whether children preferred to share as, and receive from anonymous or identified donors. Results demonstrated that children strongly preferred to both share as, and receive from identified donors. Together, information from these experiments suggests that (1) 5-year-olds’ understanding of anonymous sharing has begun to develop; this understanding has emerged for 3-year-olds but is more fragile; (2) at age 5 years, anonymity may not influence children’s generosity; and (3) school-aged children have a preference for identified versus anonymous sharing. In summary, this dissertation provides information on a relatively unexamined area of children’s prosocial development. This work offers direction for future research and influences the interpretation of previous research that tested very young children in paradigms featuring anonymity.


title: EXPLORING USER STRATEGIES IN DETERMINING TRUSTWORTHINESS OF WEBSITES

contributor:
Faculty of Computer Science
Master of Computer Science
Dr.  Malcolm Heywood
Dr. Derek Reilly
Dr. Raghav Sampangi
Dr. Kirstie Hawkey
Dr. Srinivas Sampalli
Received
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Legitimate
Web sites
User Strategies
Security Cues

abstract:
Phishing attacks and breaches in online security are increasing at a high rate, irrespective
of current security indicators which aim to warn users against those attacks. We
conducted a user study to explore and understand different strategies that users of both
technical and non-technical groups follow to determine the legitimacy of websites and
emails on their own laptops. We showed websites to all the participants and e-mails to
half of them and asked them to determine their legitimacy. This observation session was
screen and video recorded. A post-observation questionnaire and semi-structured
interview gave us a better understanding of the knowledge and reasons of participants for
looking at security cues while making decisions. Based on our results, 67.3% of the
phishing websites were correctly identified by our participants on an average (79.2%
technical, 55.4% non-technical). While our results were mostly in line with prior
research, our use of participants’ laptops uncovered a strategy not previously reported.
We found that some participants check to see if they are logged in to the website or not to
determine its legitimacy, which they can only see while using their own laptops. During
our observation, we also identified some differences in the strategies applied by technical
and non-technical participants. 50% of our participants who visited websites through emails
decided about their legitimacy based on the trustworthiness of e-mail. Based on our
findings, we provide recommendations that might improve the design of security cues
and thus help users in identifying phishing websites more effectively.


title: Potential Formulation For The Dynamics Of Pressure Spiking In Response To Fluid Percussion Brain Injury

contributor: Department of Engineering Mathematics & Internetworking

subject:
Concussion
Traumatic brain injury
TBI
Mathematical model
Analytic solution
Fluid percussion
Pressure waves
Percussive pressure events
Coherence
Brain--Concussion
Brain damage--Mathematical models

abstract: A mathematical description of percussive pressure events is considered. This model gives a clearer clinical understanding of how these events lead to percussion injury affecting the brain, a mechanism for traumatic brain injury. The linear model presented here utilizes shell theory in parallel with fluid mechanics to describe a percussive pressure event to the head. An analytic solution is obtained and used to simulate the interaction between the skull structure and brain tissue during a head impact. Certain patterns in the results have been observed that are in agreement with current clinical knowledge, while other new findings have been observed which may lead to a greater understanding and ability to prevent traumatic brain injuries.


title: GIVEN ITS ROLE, THE HALIFAX WATERSHED ADVISORY BOARD'S ABILITY TO INFLUENCE WATER RESOURCE PROTECTION: A CASE STUDY

contributor:
School of Planning
Master of Urban and Rural Planning
John Zuck
Aftab Erfan
Amber Nicol.

subject:
Watershed management
City planning
Halifax Watershed Advisory Board
Water quality
Halifax (N.S.)
Halifax Regional Municipality

abstract:
Stakeholders engaged in land use planning and development in Halifax County and in
Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM) have recognized Waters Advisory Boards
(W ABs) for their expertise in water resource protection for over 35 years. During this
time, W ABs have played a significant role in providing informal advice to land use
planning and development stakeholders, and formal advice to municipal government
units, about implementing ecologically responsible land use practices designed to protect
HRM water resources. Despite these efforts, water resources continue to be degraded as a
result of non-ecologically responsible land use practices.
The Halifax Watershed Advisory Board (HWAB) has been formally designated,
through a "Motion in Council'', to provide advice to HRM about how to protect water
resources with respect to land use planning and development activities under its
jurisdiction defined by its Terms of Reference. Given the role of the Halifax Watershed
Advisory Board (HWAB), this case study found that the HW AB's ability to influence
water resource protection through the land use planning and development activity review
process is constrained. Factors contributing to the HW AB's ability to influence were
identified through the results of the quantitative and qualitative analyses of data collected
through direct observations, documentation and policy review, archival records, and
surveys and interviews with land use planning and development stakeholders. The
findings were analysed based on what the literature describes as an influential natural
resource advisory group process. Recommendations were made on how the HW AB could
have more influence on land use planning and development activities to protect water
resources in HRM.


title: The Assessment of the Quality of Mental Health Literacy Measurement Tools: A Scoping Review and Three Systematic Reviews

contributor:
Interdisciplinary PhD Programme
Interdisciplinary PhD
Alan Leschied
Lynne Robinson
Jill Hayden
Stan Kutcher
Patrick McGrath
Not Applicable
Yes
Not Applicable

subject:
scoping review
systematic review
mental health literacy
measures
psychometrics
quality of mental health literacy tools
Health literacy--Evaluation

abstract:
BACKGROUND
	Mental health literacy interventions have received increasing attention as a strategy to promote positive mental health, improve early identification of mental disorders, reduce stigma and enhance help-seeking behaviors. However, despite the abundance of research on mental health literacy interventions, there is an absence of evaluations of current available mental health literacy measures. This research responds to this need through a scoping review and three systematic reviews on the scope and quality of mental health literacy measurement tools.
METHODS
	We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and ERIC for relevant studies without limits on study participants, locations, or publication dates. Searches and analysis were conducted between 2013 and 2016. We included English publications of quantitative studies addressing psychometrics of mental health literacy tools. We hand-searched reference lists of included studies and additionally searched Google Scholar for additional studies. We assessed the methodological quality of included studies, the quality of each measurement property, and determined the overall level of evidence for measurement properties across studies.
RESULTS
	We included 16 knowledge tools (17 studies), 101 stigma tools (117 studies), and 12 help-seeking related tools (24 studies) for assessment. We found that knowledge measures mainly investigated the ability of illness identification, and factual knowledge of mental disorders. Stigma measures addressed personal/perceived stigma against mental illness, self-stigma, experienced stigma; and stigma against mental health care. Help-seeking measures assessed help-seeking attitudes, intentions to seek help, and actual help-seeking behaviors. Thirteen mental health knowledge tools, 11 help-seeking tools, and 81 stigma measurement tools were rated as having “limited”, “moderate” or “strong” level of evidence. The level of evidence for the rest of the tools were considered as “conflicting” or “unknown”.
CONCLUSIONS
	This research provides a compendium of available mental health literacy measures with their quality assessed. Future research may focus on the generalizability of the tools across diverse settings, follow standard guidelines to improve the quality of future psychometrics studies, and may develop and test mental health literacy interventions based on the findings of this research. However, the validation of measurement tools is an ongoing process and additional research may consolidate our recommendations.


title: CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECT OF HASKAP BERRY POLYPHENOLS AGAINST TOBACCO SPECIFIC NITROSAMINE-INDUCED  DNA DAMAGE IN NORMAL LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO

contributor:
Faculty of Agriculture
Master of Science
Dr. Paola Marcato
Dr. Haibo Niu
Dr. David W. Hoskin
Dr. Michael Johnston
Dr. Vasantha Rupasinghe
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Polyphenols
Haskap berry
Cancer
DNA damage

abstract: The protective effect of polyphenol-rich haskap berry extracts against tobacco-specific nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-induced DNA damage was studied in vitro. Normal lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to NNK, and to its precursor, 4-[(acetoxymethyl) nitrosamino]-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKOAc), to induce DNA damage. Polyphenols present in haskap berries were extracted using ethanol and water, separately. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) were used as the reference compounds. BEAS-2B cells were pre-incubated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of haskap extracts, Q3G, and C3G separately, and investigated for their protective effects against NNK- and NNKOAc-induced DNA damage. Pre-incubation of BEAS-2B cells with haskap extracts, Q3G, and C3G, significantly suppressed the NNK- and NNKOAc-induced DNA strand breaks, and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. The protective effect of haskap extracts could be related to their polyphenol content and high antioxidant capacity. An experimental animal model is proposed to further investigate the chemopreventive potential of haskap polyphenols against NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis.


title: PREDICTION OF DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION FROM SUBSURFACE OIL RELEASES WITH AND WITHOUT CHEMICAL DISPERSANTS APPLICATION

contributor:
Department of Environmental Engineering
Master of Applied Science
Quan He
Hany El Naggar
Lei Liu
Mysore Satish
Quan He
Haibo Niu
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

abstract:
Subsurface oil and gas exploration activities in deeper water have increased in the last few decades. During these activities, subsurface oil blowout incidents may occur and consequently, disastrous impacts on the environment and economy have attracted great attention from scientists and the public. Several deep water oil spill models have been developed to simulate the fate and transport of oil in marine environments and provide guidance for emergency responses. During modeling, the prediction of oil droplet size distribution in the subsurface blowout is important because it has direct influences on the estimated fate and transport of oil in the marine environment. However, the capability to predict droplet size distribution from subsurface release is still limited, because there are insufficient experimental studies on droplet size distribution from subsurface release with subsurface chemical dispersant.
In order to have a better understanding of oil droplet size distribution from subsurface oil blowout, a series of subsurface oil release experiments were conducted in an outdoor horizontal wave tank, with different release rates and at different ambient water temperatures. Two crude oils, Intermediate Fuel Oil 120 (IFO-120, heavy crude oil) and Alaskan North Slope (ANS, medium crude oil) crude oil, were used. To study the effect of dispersant application on droplet size distribution, a chemical dispersant, Corexit 9500, was applied at four dispersant-to-oil ratios (DORs). The oil droplet size distributions were measured using LISST-100Xs.
 Based on the measured droplet size distribution data, the corresponding median droplet diameters (d50) and relative droplet size (d50/D) were calculated for each experiment. The value of d50 revealed that the dispersant had a strong influence on reducing droplet size of both ANS and IFO-120. With the same DOR, ANS was dispersed better than IFO-120, with its d50 being much smaller than that of IFO-120. A relationship, Reynolds Number Scaling, between the relative droplet size (d50/D) and the Reynolds Number (Re) was then established and it showed a good fit to the experimental data. It was found that the empirical coefficient (A) in the Reynolds Number Scaling was dependent on DORs, as well as oil types. The study also found that the spreading coefficient, based on the Rosin-Rammler approach, was different for droplets smaller than d50 (d /d50≤1) and those of d /d50 > 1. A two-step Rosin-Rammler approach (using two spreading parameters, α1 for d /d50≤1and α2 for d /d50 > 1) was then proposed to improve the accuracy of prediction of statistical droplet size distributions. A case study was then conducted by using the improved oil droplet size distribution equations to study the effect of chemical dispersant application on the fate/behaviour of oil from a hypothetical deepwater oil blowout on the Scotian Shelf. The result showed that these equations worked well on predicting the fate of oil from subsurface oil blowout, and application of dispersant greatly reduced surface oil for IFO-120 (heavy crude oil) case.


title: Using The Nitrification Inhibitor 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole To Determine Net Nitrogen Mineralization and Denitrification Rates Simultaneously At Varying Water Contents

contributor:
Faculty of Agriculture
Master of Science
Dr. Haibo Niu
Dr. Alex Georgallas
Dr. Gordon Price
Dr. David Burton
Not Applicable
No
Not Applicable

subject:
Soils
Water-Filled Pore Space
Nitrification Inhibitors
Mineralization
Denitrification

abstract: Novel method to study net N mineralization and denitrification rates in soil

abstract: An investigation of the use of a nitrification inhibitor (NI) to simultaneously measure the rates of net nitrogen (N) mineralization, as an accumulation of ammonium (NH4+), and denitrification, as a loss of nitrate (NO3-) over a 28-day incubation. This assay used 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP), to evaluate two levels of inhibition (0 and 200 mg DMP kg-1) in two soil textures (fine vs. coarse) over 10 levels 20 – 110% water-filled pore space (WFPS). Nitrate did not accumulate while NH4+ did which indicated DMP was inhibiting nitrification. Water content influenced N mineralization and denitrification and differed between soil textures (fine vs. coarse) and carbon intensity (manure, corn (High) vs. no amendments (Low)). The N mineralization rate was greater in fine soil (>70% WFPS); the denitrification rate was greater in coarse soil (110% WFPS). The N mineralization rate was greater in low carbon soil; denitrification was greater in high carbon soil (>80% WFPS).


title: DYNAMICS OF THE NOVA SCOTIA CURRENT AND LINKAGES WITH ATLANTIC SALMON MIGRATION PATTERNS OVER THE SCOTIAN SHELF

contributor:
Department of Oceanography
Doctor of Philosophy
Dr. Jack Barth
Dan Kelley
Dr. Dan Kelley
Dr. Helmuth Thomas
Dave Hebert
Jinyu Sheng
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Observations
Underwater gliders
Scotian Shelf
Nova Scotia Current
Coastal Current
Atlantic Salmon
Marine Migration
Ocean Tracking Network
Ocean currents
Water currents

abstract: Over the 2008-2015 period, the Ocean Tracking Network provided unprecedented spatiotemporal coverage of the hydrography and currents along the Halifax Line (HL) on the Scotian Shelf, using several different monitoring techniques (e.g., moorings and underwater gliders). The observations are analyzed here to provide an extensive description of the physical oceanographic conditions over the Scotian Shelf, as well as the spatiotemporal variability observed over this period. The analysis of observations identifies the distribution of key water masses present along the HL. The water mass analysis demonstrates that the large warming event observed in 2012 was primarily due to the advection of already anomalously warm water from the Shelf Slope. The ocean circulation along the HL during this period is examined, with a focus on the seasonal cycle and the inter-annual variability of the Nova Scotia Current (NSC). A conceptual model is developed to investigate the main mechanisms driving the NSC. The relative roles of buoyancy-driven and wind-driven flows to the NSC are estimated at the HL to study the seasonal variability of the forcing and the relative importance of these two mechanisms in driving the NSC. Generally, the NSC is dominated by the buoyancy-driven component of the current, throughout the year and at all four transects between Cabot Strait and Cape Sable. The relative contributions of buoyancy and alongshore surface winds to the NSC’s dynamics are remarkably similar across transects having the same coastal orientation, but significantly vary where the coastline orientation changes. The newly-acquired oceanographic knowledge along the HL is also combined with acoustic detections of Atlantic salmon postsmolts coming from the Penobscot River to study the temporal and spatial distribution of the migrating fish in the context of oceanographic conditions. It is shown that postsmolts tend to be in greater abundance in the colder and fresher coastal water mass, while the abundance is not related to the direction or magnitude of local currents.


title: DOES A SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE PORTFOLIO OUTPERFORM A CONVENTIONAL PORTFOLIO? (THE CASE OF THE JANTZI SOCIAL INDEX)

contributor:
Department of Industrial Engineering
Master of Applied Science
Dr. Maria Pacurar
Dr. Alireza Ghasemi
Dr. Corrine MacDonald
Dr. Iraj Fooladi, Dr. Alireza Ghasemi
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject: Investments--Moral and ethical aspects

abstract: Socially responsible investment (SRI) takes financial return as well as environmental, social, and governance issues into consideration. Although SRI is becoming popular, a controversy exists among investors regarding its performance compared to conventional investments. In this thesis, we compare a socially responsible (SR) portfolio composed of members of Jantzi Social Index (JSI) with two conventional portfolios between March 2003 to December 2015. The members of the conventional portfolios match the industry and size of the companies in our SR portfolio. The SR and matched portfolios are compared on several dimensions, including risk-adjusted return measures. We find that our SR portfolio outperforms the matched portfolios based on all commonly used risk-adjusted return measures. In addition, by performing an event study, we find that while market response is insignificant for companies that enter JSI, those that exit this index experience a significantly negative effect on their returns.


title: A Comparison of the Maximum Deviation Measured in Intermittent Exotropia Using Various Clinical Conditions

contributor:
Department of Clinical Vision Science
Master of Science
Leah Wood
Darren Oystreck
Dr. Robert LaRoche
Steve Van Iderstine
Leah Walsh
Erik Hahn
Received
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Intermittent Exotropia
Strabismus

abstract: In the Intermittent Exotropia (IXT) population determining the largest exodeviation for surgical planning has been suggested for desired surgical outcomes (Kushner, 1998; Kim & Hwang, 2005). In this study the exodeviation of 24 IXT participants were measured at near and distance fixation, and additionally using +3.00D lenses, an increased fixation distance (20m), and after prolonged monocular occlusion (PMO), to elicit the largest exodeviation. The results of this study indicate that all near conditions increase the exodeviation. Larger deviations were observed with +3.00D lenses and +3.00D after PMO. There was no statistically significant difference between those two conditions. At distance, PMO did not produce a statistically significant increase, but 20m and 20m after PMO did. There was no statistically significant difference between the 20m conditions. This research indicates that the +3.00D lens measurement and the 20m measurement are the most clinically efficient measurements for the maximum deviation in IXT patients.


title: Collaboration, Data Sharing, and the Research Network-As-System

contributor: Master of Library and Information Studies

subject:
Data sharing
Research collaboration
Data management
Scientific data
Research teams

abstract: The research network-as-system operates by connecting researchers across large distances and from multiple disciplines via a web-based, technological system. Through this system, researchers collaborate simply by sharing data. The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) in the United States, and the Canadian Integrated Ocean Observing System (CIOOS), currently in development in Canada, are both examples of research networks-as-systems. By conducting semi-structured interviews with ten Canadian ocean researchers about their perception of CIOOS and their collaborative histories, this research discovered what helps and hinders in collaboration in the research network-as-system context, as well as how past and current collaboration experiences may influence researcher willingness to adapt to new network contexts. The findings of this study offer theoretical insight on researcher perception of collaboration in large, dispersed, and multidisciplinary groups, and in integrated online spaces. Further, this research provides practical direction regarding user preferences for system design in the research network-as-system context.


title: REDUCING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF OYSTER CULTURE BY SELECTING FOR SPAT THAT MOST EFFICIENTLY USES NATURAL RESOURCES

contributor:
Faculty of Agriculture
Master of Science
Dr. Haibo Niu
Dr. Denise Méthé
Dr. Bruce Rathgeber
Dr. Sarah Stewart-Clark
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Eastern oyster
RAD-seq
SNPs
Marker-assisted selection
American oyster
Genetic markers

abstract: The main objective of this study, was to discover SNPs associated with absorption efficiency in the Eastern oyster, which is a component of feed efficiency, and to use marker-assisted selective breeding to improve growth and efficiency. Absorption efficiency was measured, by collecting water/feed samples and fecal samples, and filtering on to pre-combusted, weighed, glass-fiber filters. Individual absorption efficiency were calculated by comparing the fraction of organic matter in fecal matter versus feed samples. After the trial, all oysters were euthanized, tissue samples were collected to extract DNA and RAD-seq analysis occurred. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using the software Stacks, analysis was conducted de novo. 17 significant SNPs were discovered in this study that were correlated to high and low AE.  SNPs were successfully applied using marker-assisted selection in a broodstock generation and spawned


title: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF HYDROCARBON-PRONE SEDIMENTS OF LOWER JURASSIC AGE IN THE SLYNE BASIN, OFFSHORE IRELAND

contributor:
Department of Earth Sciences
Master of Science
Ian Spooner
John Gosse
Bernard Boudreau
Neil Watson
Grant Wach
Not Applicable
No
No

subject:
hydrocarbon source rock
Geochemistry-Slyne Basin
Geology-Slyne Basin

abstract:
The Slyne Basin, a narrow Mesozoic basin located offshore Ireland, has been the subject of significant exploration with several proven commercial hydrocarbon discoveries. While the Corrib gas field within the Slyne Basin is sourced from Carboniferous Coal Measures, Lower Jurassic intervals represent a separately viable hydrocarbon source rock system of regional significance in the Irish offshore. In marine environments, and particularly in epeiric sea settings, the processes leading to deposition of these hydrocarbon source rocks are governed by complex interplay of local (different carbonate producers, transgressive–regressive cycles) and/or global (worldwide preservation of organic matter, variation of continental weathering, input of volcanogenic light CO2) mechanisms.
Stable carbon isotope chemostratigraphy, RockEval pyrolysis and X-ray fluorescence (elemental geochemistry) have been applied to geochemically characterize samples from Lower Jurassic source rocks in two wells (18/25-1 and 27/13-1, Slyne Basin). To determine δ13C and δ18O, the selected samples were analysed by Continuous Flow–Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry (for carbonates) and Elemental Analysis- Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometry (for total organic carbon, TOC). Results from well 18/25-1, present a negative δ13C trend from 2610 m to 2664 m, while δ13C values from organic matter present less variation: a negative trend is observed from 2610 m to 2688 m followed by a generally positive trend from 2694 m to 2824 m - the negative excursion of the carbon isotope signature is thought to correspond, in part, to the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. The slight post-T-OAE negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) recovery to more positive values and the continuation of a relatively high organic content is coeval with a regional organic matter preservation interval observed in several Northern-European locations. Total Organic Carbon content and Rock-Eval data show that Pliensbachian-aged source rock intervals are gas/oil prone (Type II/III) and Toarcian-Aalenian aged sediments are oil-prone (Type II).
These new datasets and their interpretation add to the understanding of the palaeoenvironmental dynamics during the Early–Middle Jurassic in the Northern European domain and may offer new insights for hydrocarbon exploration offshore Ireland.


title: Planting Seeds for Healthy Youth: Exploring Parents' Perceptions of a Community-Based Program in Halifax, Nova Scotia

contributor:
School of Health & Human Performance
Master of Arts
Jeff Karabanow
Lynn Robinson
Susan Hutchinson
Karen Gallant
Lois Jackson
Received
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Youth
Inner-city Youth
Teenagers
Community-based programs
Social programs
Strengths-based Programs
Health
Well-being
Public health--Social aspects
Improving Health
After-school programs-Nova Scotia

abstract: There is relatively little research focusing on how social programs influence multiple dimensions of youth’s health. This study explored one community-based program aimed at inner-city youth in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The purpose was to understand, from the parents’ perspectives, how they think the Hope Blooms program influenced (if at all) their children’s health (i.e. physical, social, mental, emotional, and spiritual health). A qualitative study was undertaken, which involved one interview with the Program Director, and nine face-to-face interviews with parents who, in 2015, had children ages 10 to17 participating in Hope Blooms. Parents argued that Hope Blooms provides their children with access to some key resources (e.g. healthy food) and many opportunities (e.g. having a voice). This in turn has created positive changes for the youth and better health across multiple dimensions. These findings may help to inform programs seeking to improve the health of youth living in low-income communities.


title: Staged Architecture: Celebrating the Art of Performance in Downtown Victoria Through the Adaptation of an Iconic Industrial Waterfront Building

contributor:
School of Architecture
Master of Architecture
Geoffrey Thun
Sarah Bonnemaison
Sarah Bonnemaison
Christine Macy
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Architecture
Victoria (B.C.)
Urban renewal

abstract: This thesis will address the revitalization of The Powerhouse, a former power plant in Victoria, BC. The plant is located in a post-industrial landscape just north of downtown. The premise is to reuse this industrial building that currently is a wasted resource. I believe The Powerhouse is one of four of the most significant monuments in downtown Victoria, and should be recognized as such. The adaptive reuse of this building will accomplish a connection between neighbourhoods and act as a catalyst for future revitalization. I am proposing a variety of arts programs for the building that will add to the cultural identity of the downtown core. Additionally, the reuse strategy will blend contemporary and historic architectural qualities widening the current perception of heritage preservation in Victoria. This thesis is an architectural investigation into the value of industrial adaptive reuse to improve a city’s economy, environment, cultural identity, and historic character.


title: DECOLONIZING MI'KMAW MEMORY OF TREATY: L’SƗTKUK’S LEARNING WITH ALLIES IN STRUGGLE FOR FOOD AND LIFEWAYS

contributor:
Interdisciplinary PhD Programme
Doctor of Philosophy
Dr. Pamela Palmater
Dr. Lynne Robinson
Dr. Aziz Choudry
Dr. Karen Beazley
Dr. Brian Noble
Dr. John Cameron
Received
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Mi'kmaw
Mi'kmaq
Treaties
L'sitkuk
Bear River First Nation
Indigenous Methods
Indigenous Rights
Food
Relational Worldview
Indigenous peoples--Civil rights

abstract:
ABSTRACT
 Treaty negotiations in Nova Scotia have been triggered by the Supreme Court of Canada decision in 1999, based on the Donald Marshall Jr. case, upholding a Mi’kmaq treaty right to fish for a livelihood. These negotiations are known as the Made-In-Nova Scotia Process. This dissertation explores questions about what the community of L’sɨtkuk has learned with our allies in struggle within multiple contexts to assert treaty rights, since 1999. What knowledge has evolved and what are the learning successes, challenges, and potential for realizing social change? In order to explore these questions from the perspective of L’sɨtkuk and our allies, I utilize the Mi’kmaq art of basket weaving as a way to center our voices against formal negotiation frameworks. Through the use of basket weaving and relational methods of storytelling, the dissertation illustrates that treaty negotiations are mired in interrelated processes of neoliberalism, colonialism, and capitalism forming what I term as ‘neoliberal colonial capitalism’. Of particular concern is how these negotiation frameworks focus on Land and natural resources as only commodities. The learning of L’sɨtkuk and our allies form a broader notion of treaty rooted in re-learning Land-based practices of hunting, fishing, and gathering constituting food and lifeways. These understandings are relational and include a responsibility to families and communities, to loved ones and ancestors in the spirit world, and to future generations by attending to the health of the resources and to the natural eco-systems that sustain them. By focusing on learning-in-struggle, the dissertation outlines a number of challenges and recommendations that relate to restoring relational understandings and practices of treaty. Our understandings contribute to an emerging range of anthropological perspectives on treaty relations and Indigenous scholarship on Land-based practices as a form of decolonization and resurgence outside formal state-Indigenous relations. Just as important, our understandings include relations with all of settler Canada. They also inform possible ways on how to move forward as a community and gauge our way through negotiations. In this sense the dissertation weaves together a basket that continues to carry our stories and L’sɨtkuk keeps going – Siaw pmiq L’sɨtkuk.


title: Pattern Formation in Bacterial Colonies with Density-Dependent Diffusion

contributor: Department of Mathematics & Statistics - Math Division

subject:
pattern formation
partial differential equations
mathematical biology

abstract: Recent experiments have shown that patterns can emerge in bacterial colonies programmed to have a drop in diffusion when population densities (detected via a quorum sensing mechanism) are sufficiently large. We examine one partial differential equation model of this system, and construct its non-constant stationary solutions. We demonstrate analytically that these solutions are stable when the diffusion rate of bacteria is large and the diffusion rate of signalling molecules, D_h, is small. We further demonstrate that increasing D_h induces a Hopf bifurcation, resulting in a loss of stability. These results are confirmed by numerical simulations.


title: Vancouver's Indigenous Identity: Representing a Narrative

contributor:
Faculty of Architecture
Master of Architecture
Geoffrey Thun
Steve Parcel
Diogo Burnay
Talbot Sweet-Apple
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Vancouver (B.C.)
Indigenous people-British Columbia
Identity
Urban Narrative
Squamish (First Nation)

abstract:
As an estranged site that defines a gap along the recreational and accessible water’s edge in Vancouver, it is odd to fi find prime real estate left desolate. With research, the issue of the site was evidently much grander than simply continuing the atmosphere of
the seawall. The site along the seawall is an Indigenous land referred to as Kitsilano No. 6, and it belongs to the Squamish (Skwxwú7mesh) Nation People. It is a matter of acknowledging an existing Indigenous culture, and how it needs to be addressed in the identity of Vancouver. Public architecture’s role in the social realm can be used to illustrate the Vancouver’s Indigenous identity in the narrative of Vancouver. The content of this research includes studying the identity of Vancouver as ‘place’, land ownership, and the decorative qualities of the Coast Salish people. These studies will help form the typology, situation, program and materials that will be used as a methodology for this architectural design thesis. The intention is to develop an architectural design to interpret the narrative of Vancouver’s colonial history and acknowledge the culture of the regional First Nations in the urban landscape. Altogether, a ‘Cultural Interpretive Centre’ will be formed to create a pedological experience for the public.


title: Reinstating Play Grounds: Reintroducing Children to their Urban Environment through the Repossession of the Street

contributor:
School of Architecture
Master of Architecture
Geoff Thun
Steve Parcell
Grant Wanzel
Steve Parcell
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject: Playgrounds Architecture

abstract: For children around the world, patterns in their daily lives are solidifying their relationships with their environment and society. This thesis reimagines the role of the street as a medium for children to engage with their communities. A human-scaled approach to community design that focuses on children’s independent mobility and street-based community life allows children to play an active role in the developing character of a community. A fractured community in the North End of Halifax, Nova Scotia that has been demolished by a car dealership provides a testing ground, allowing children to reclaim the street and giving them the mobility needed to use the community as play grounds. Design principles provided within can be applied at the community scale, building scale, and child scale and all contribute to the street’s potential to be a place for movement, daily life, play, and event.


title: Sustaining Community in a Heritage Boomtown. Kaslo, British Columbia

contributor:
Faculty of Architecture
Master of Architecture
Geoff Thun
Sarah Bonnemaison
Niall Savage
Talbot Sweetapple
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

subject:
Kaslo, British Columbia
Architecture

abstract:
This thesis explores how architecture can help sustain community in a tourism-based heritage “boomtown”.
Many “boomtown” communities either no longer exist, or have become shadows of their former selves.  Those communities that do remain (having survived the boom-bust cycle) often struggle to stabilize their fragile economies.  This fragility often places them at risk of losing the values they hold dear: community, culture, heritage and the environment.
There are many communities which share these values and have endured the massive socio-economic shifts associated with “boomtowns”.  The primary focus of this thesis however is the Village of Kaslo, a quintessential “boomtown” community located in the south east corner of British Columbia, Canada.
Using Kaslo as a model for this thesis, the research demonstrates the capacity of architecture to enhance social sustainability and “sense of community”. It investigates how Kaslo’s history, including it’s architectural history, can inspire and enhance future development.