title: THE EFFECTS OF AGE DIFFERENCES ON JOB SATISFACTION: A QUALITATIVE EXPLANATION OF ATTITUDE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN YOUNGER AND OLD WORKERS IN THE SUPERMARKET INDUSTRY

contributor:
Wells, Don
Lewchuk, Wayne
Goutor, David
Work and Society

abstract:
The researcher used a case study of unionized supermarket workers to examine how older and younger workers under economic restructuring relate to intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. First, the researcher illustrated how both age groups might be motivated differently by intrinsic and extrinsic rewards and how this might lead to differences in their levels and sources of job satisfaction. Second, the researcher examined what intrinsic and extrinsic rewards both age groups expect to receive. Third, the researcher investigated what intrinsic and extrinsic rewards both age groups actually experienced. Fourth, the researcher evaluated the similarities and differences between these two age groups. In the last section, the researcher discussed the implications for the union and suggested possible solutions to increase job satisfaction for both age groups.

The results suggest economic restructuring has influenced how both age groups relate to intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. For younger workers, economic restructuring pressured unions to offer concessions to supermarket employers. These concessions limited the ability of younger workers to access hours, wage rates, and opportunities for promotion or advancement. The lack of access to these rewards created job dissatisfaction among younger workers. On the other hand, concessionary bargaining practices placed pressure on older workers to embrace the company's view that increased competition could prevent additional job loss. These older workers expressed dissatisfaction when increased competition failed to produce sufficient job security.

The researcher used Herzberg's (1959) two-factor theory to evaluate job satisfaction for both age groups. For older workers, salary and interpersonal relationships tend to contribute to job satisfaction, while the lack of supervision, benefits, conditions of work, and job security tend to contribute to job dissatisfaction. For younger workers, benefits, interpersonal relationships, and job security tend to contribute to job satisfaction, while salary, supervision, and conditions of work contribute to job dissatisfaction.

The researcher concludes that Herzberg theory is not entirely applicable to the unionized supermarket industry. The researcher's findings failed to confirm Herzberg's conclusion that motivator and hygiene factors operate independently from each other. For example, older workers tend to associate job security with other extrinsic rewards such as benefits, supervision, and working conditions. However, the results tend to confirm Herzberg's conclusion that the absence of hygiene factors can create dissatisfaction among workers. Both age groups tend to report job dissatisfaction when they do not have access to hygiene (or extrinsic) factors. Moreover, both age groups reported a significant level of job dissatisfaction when they did not access extrinsic rewards they felt were important. In addition, the results tend to confirm Herzberg's conclusion that motivators are the primary source of satisfaction for a worker.

If unionized supermarket workers are to be motivated effectively, some factors such as salary and job security should receive greater attention from union representatives. The researcher recommends that United Food and Commercial Workers of Canada (UFCW) might consider the further development of its education strategy and greater use of committees for both age groups. In effect, UFCW could explain to its members how younger and older workers place different weights on intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. As a result, UFCW could reduce division of labour between both age groups.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Charles Clarke: Clear Grit. A Political Study 1826-1871

contributor:
French, G.S.
History

subject: History

abstract: To my knowledge, no study of the political thought an career of Charles Clarke has been undertaken. It is my intention in the following pages of this thesis to attempt such a study. Charles Clarke was very much a product of the world in which he lived. He was, in a real and significant sense, a part of everything and everyone he met. For this reason, I have devoted my effort to an analysis of Clarke's political career against the background of an age that was instrumental in shaping his thought and determining the course his public life would take.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Performance of a Streamlined Cross-Section Heat Pipe

contributor:
T., J. H.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
A streamlined cross-section heat pipe manufactured from 4130 steel, using water as the working fluid and layers of 200 mesh stainless-steel screen for a wick was designed and tested. The experimental effort was directed toward two main objectives. The first objective was to determine the operational details of building a streamlined heat pipe system for experimental use. The second objective was to test the heat pipe at different inclinations to determine the effect of gravity on heat pipe performance.

The axial temperature distributions, performance data and parameters for the streamlined heat pipe, at various power input and angles of inclination, were presented, analysed and compared with existing theories and previous investigations.

The heat pipe transferred a maximum power of 250 watts while installed horizontally. As the evaporator was raised above the condenser level, the maximum heat decreased, and at the vertical orientation, no thermal equilibrium was attained, at a power input of 25 watts.

The performance of the heat pipe was also compared with that of a solid conductor having the same shape. The equivalent thermal conductivity and specific output calculated, were found to be approximately four and thirteen times respectively greater, than that of a similar solid pure copper rod.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Bureaucratic Functions of Post-Secondary Education: the Community College

contributor:
Drass, Robert
Sociology and Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Sociology Anthropology

abstract:
With the widespread formation of the Community Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology, we have yet another social institution that is State controlled, and which is directly in the business of the socialization of bureaucratic personalities for the occupational structures of an industrialized continent.

Attention is drawn to the unique structural features of one Community College in Ontario to reveal how this socialization comes about; which social classes become its members; and in terms of a construct for "bureaucratic orientation", how much bureaucratic ideology is transmitted for internalization.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: International Cartels in Modern Industry

subject: Economics

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Constitutional History of British Columbia

subject: History

subject: History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Stability Aspects of Near-Banking Financial Intermediaries in the Canadian Post-War Economy

contributor:
McIvor, R.
Economics

subject: Economics

abstract: The following is a study of the operations of various near-banks during the period 1954 to 1964, including; the caisses populaires and credit unions, the trust and mortgage loan companies, and the sales finance and consumer loan companies . It entails an examination of the contribution to the stock of money and near-money by these near-banks and other financial intermediaries, as well as their role in facilitating the flow of loanable funds from saving to investment . It is our intention to determine the stability implications of these activities through their influence upon; a) the money supply, b) the demand for money, c) the income velocity of money.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Operational Method in Sociology: A Critical Methodology

contributor:
Smith, D. L.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis is concerned with critically understanding and evaluating one step in the sociological research process, the operationalizing of concepts . It is contended that sociology is the offspring of positivistic philosophy, especially in its pragmatic expression. Due to this philosophical basis sociologists must face the problem of relating abstract concepts to the empirical world. Operationalism, making concepts synonymous with the operations by which they are empirically determined, was advanced as a solution to this problem. Sociologists in the first half of the twentieth century either interpreted operationalism (1) rigidly, allowing for only operationalized terms , or (2) loosely, acknowledqinq a need for abstract concepts as well. Examination of recent methods texts, research , and the literature on sociological theory construction suggests that "loose operationalism" has come to be the standard interpretation of the operational method in contemporary empirical sociology. The loose operational approach is explained and some advise is given concerning its use. The most important such advise is that methodological decisions, including the selection of operational terms, can not be isolated from the proper commitment of sociology, to enable men and women to know what is going on in the world and within themselves.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "The Negotiation of Psychiatric Reform: Sabotage in a Therapeutic Milieu"

contributor:
Marshall, Victor W.
Sociology and Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Sociology Anthropology

abstract: The transition from one form of psychiatric treatment towards another demands reform in the social milieu presently existing in the ward. The discussion presented here is a descriptive analysis of everyday life in a psychiatric ward undergoing an officially ascribed transition from custodial to therapeutic patient care. The theoretical perspective used in approaching the analysis of the data is one broadly conceived within the framework of symbolic interactionism. The analysis is derived on the basis of modification of the process of inductive theory construction as conceptualized by Glaser and Strauss. A focus upon staffs' definitions of their participation in the ward and their interpretations of the ongoing social reality therein constitutes the basis upon which the study is formulated. The findings illustrate the highly problematic nature of the transition towards the construction of a therapeutic milieu and the variety of interpretations applied to this conceptualization of psychiatric treatment. An analysis of negotiation and bargaining among people indicates that the degree of difficulty in comping with this situation becomes so great that the transition process appears to subside in this mutual agreement of the staffs': above all else the need to demonstrate orderly social interaction is of paramount importance if some degree of social order is to be salvaged in the ward. A significant disparity still exists among people with regard to treatment orientations and the dichotomy of individual systems of meaning remains firmly polarized along a custodial, therapeutic spectrum. This convergence must therefore be understood as deriving out of people's interpretation of their vested interests on one hand, and on the other, their recognition of the need to survive in a social system highly conducive to hostility among staff. Finally I conclude that the outcome of negotiation is a working consensus among people that can be best understood within a framework of pragmatic compatibility.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Social Correlates of Academic Success in a First Year Sociology Course

contributor:
Blumstock, Robert E.
Sociology and Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Sociology Anthropology

abstract: A preliminary examination of the characteristics of students in a first year Sociology course and an analysis of some of the factors which contribute to their academic success in the course.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Some results, Economic, Social, and Political, of the Industrial Revolution in England

subject: History

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Principle of Conscientious Objection

subject:
Political Economy
Political Economy

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Disease, Mortality and Public Health, Hamilton, Ontario, 1900-1914

contributor:
Weaver, John C.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
One of the recent concerns of social and medical historians has been the problem of public health reform as one of the many social reform movements characteristic of North American society, and urban society, in particular, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The historiography of public health and its reform has focused on two issues. Medical historians, epidemiologists, and demographers have questioned whether specific social or ecological reforms have played any verifiable role in altering historical patterns of mortality in western society. On the other hand, social and urban historians have tended toward the assumption that urban reformers, and, more particularly, professionals in various fields were able, by improving social environments, to better the quality of urban life, as measured by many factors, including lower mortality rates. This thesis focuses on this conundrum and brings to bear on it two types of historical evidence drawn from the city of Hamilton, 1900-1914 . Data are presented to describe the changes in general mortality rates and rates from specific causes, annually, 1900-1914. More traditional evidence is used to assess the impact of the activities of the Hamilton Department of Health, during the same time period, on the incidence of disease and mortality in the city.

After an extended examination of the historiographical issues involved, the thesis proceeds, in Chapter II, to an analysis of mortality patterns within the wider region of which Hamilton is a part. The evidence supports the argument that urban mortality rates, particularly from contagious diseases and among infants, were generally higher than for the province as a whole, and that Hamilton's rates were at least as high as, or higher than, the average rates for urban Ontario. Chapter III then provides a detailed microanalysis of mortality patterns by ward and age cohort in Hamilton for 1910, a year in which an upward trend in mortality rates finally peaked. The analysis suggests that social and economic variables (housing density , occupation, assessed wealth) account for differential mortality rates within the city. With these data as background, Chapter IV traces the activities of Hamilton's Department of Health, and, in particular of Dr. James Roberts who became M.H.O. i n 1905. It is argued that in the absence of a broadly based reform movement in Hamilton, Roberts' actions and efforts, though not always successful, were particularly important, especially in terms of identifying for the public the ecological problems created by rapid industrialization and urbanization and manifested as threats to public health.

The thesis is intended as a contribution to urban history, the history of social reform in Canada, and especially as a contribution to the so far undeveloped area of public health as an object of historical inquiry in Canadian historical scholarship.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Performance of a Multistage Fluidized-Bed Ion-Exchange Contractor with Fluid-Diode Downcomers

contributor:
Shemilt, L. W.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
A study was carried out on the operational and mass-transfer performance of a multistage fluidized-bed continuous countercurrent ion-exchange contractor with fluid-diode downcomers. For the mass-transfer study, the ion-exchange system Na+/H+ with Dowex-50W-x8 resin was used. The total solution concentration used was 0.06 meq/ml.

The fluid-diode downcomer design significantly reduces the bypassing of liquid up the downcomer. Easy start-up and shut-down were observed and the resin was evenly distributed on each mass-transfer stage. The effects of fluid-diode lateral displacement, weir height, weir shape and resin particle size on the operational performance (in terms of liquid-bypassing and resin fluidization) of the solid-liquid contactor were investigated.

A one-quarter replicate of a factorial experimental design to 7 factors at 2 levels successfully and efficiently revealed the main factors and interactions which significantly affect the overall stage efficiency of the ion-exchange column operation. The significant main factors are resin feed-rate, process solution flow-rate, weir length and weir height. The significant interactions are between resin feed-rate and weir length, process solution flow-rate and weir length, and weir height and weir length.

The mass-transfer study has shown that the solid-liquid contact time in the contactor determines the overall stage efficiency. The composition dependence of the mass-transfer coefficients in both the solid and liquid sides also plays a role in affecting the overall mass-transfer.

The relative specific volumes calculated from the experimental results justify further development of the present contactor in the consideration from industrial scale applications. The present type of contactor is simple in design and requires simple control strategy, providing operational stability, and large solid and liquid handling capacity.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The Divine Whip: Liberation Theology, Marxism, and the Sandinista Revolution

contributor:
Howard, Rhoda
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
Religion is not only a belief system but also a system of practices and actions in the world. Thus, modern religious people transform the world through their actions and are in turn themselves influenced by their experience of that world. My contention throughout this work is that religious beliefs and practices cannot be precisely understood outside of a social historical context. In looking at the Nicaraguan revolution it is apparent that the relationship between religion and politics is a vibrant one and that the religious convictions of the faithful bring them into the political realm.

As a result the distinction between religion and politics has become blurred in Latin America and consequently less accessible to traditional methodological approaches. This applies for example, and above all, to the functional approach that ascribes absolute religious motives to some clergy and political motives to more radical clergy. According to the evidence of our thesis,however, the Nicaraguan bishops were no more religious than the radical clergy. Likewise we found that the calls by the Bishops for moral restraint and their invocations against violence were no less 'political' than the promotion of the poor and the Frente Sandinista by the lower clergy. The question became not whether one group was more religious than the other but what christian meanings did each give to their 'political' activities.

From within the situation of conflict in Nicaragua we discovered that Bishops and lower clergy, although both proclaiming the principles of Medellin, did not always agree on the implications of their faith for action. It became necessary to ask the question why this commitment and not another? Rather than reduce these contrary commitments to either class interests or theological predilections, we clarified how religious divisions related to political and economic life in Nicaragua before and during the revolution.By locating Bishops and clergy in the midst of the social friction that swirled around them, we intermingled the sociological, political, religious and economic aspects of our problem, in order to clarify the relationship between the life, the faith, and the actions of both clergy and Bishops.

We concluded that the positions of Bishops and lower clergy during the revolution were related to and reflected the spectrum of political and ideological alternatives held by those who opposed the Somoza regime. Most importantly we demonstrated that the particular conjucture of Sandinista Marxism and Liberation Theology within the turbulent and oppressive social context of Nicaragua acted as the 'Divine Whip' which facilitated the rapprochement of religion and marxism during the popular revolution of 1979.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Historical Value of he Diaries of Samuel Pepys and John Evelyn (1660-1670)

subject: History

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Coal Deposits of the Hay River District

subject: Geology Paleontology

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Simulation and Optimal Design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments

contributor:
Anand, Christopher
Bain, Alex D.
Michael D. Noseworthy, Gillian Goward
Computational Engineering and Science

subject: Exact Solution of Bloch equations

subject: Optimal Design

subject: Refocusing Pulse

subject: Accurate Measurements of Relaxation Times

subject: Phase Variations of CPMG

subject: Steady State

subject: Algebra

subject: Computational Engineering

subject: Numerical Analysis and Computation

subject: Ordinary Differential Equations and Applied Dynamics

subject: Other Chemistry

subject: Algebra

abstract:
In this study, we concentrate on spin-1/2 systems. A series of tools using the Liouville space method have been developed for simulating of NMR of arbitrary pulse sequences.

We have calculated one- and two-spin symbolically, and larger systems numerically of steady states. The one-spin calculations show how SSFP converges to continuous wave NMR. A general formula for two-spin systems has been derived for the creation of double-quantum signals as a function of irradiation strength, coupling constant, and chemical shift difference. The formalism is general and can be extended to more complex spin systems.

Estimates of transverse relaxation, R2, are affected by frequency offset and field inhomogeneity. We find that in the presence of expected B0 inhomogeneity, off-resonance effects can be removed from R2 measurements, when ||omega||<= 0.5 gamma\,B1 in Hahn echo experiments, when ||omega||<=gamma\,B1 in CPMG experiments with specific phase variations, by fitting exact solutions of the Bloch equations given in the Lagrange form.

Approximate solutions of CPMG experiments show the specific phase variations can significantly smooth the dependence of measured intensities on frequency offset in the range of +/- 1/2 gamma\,B1. The effective R2 of CPMG experiments when using a phase variation scheme can be expressed as a second-order formula with respect to the ratio of offset to pi-pulse amplitude.

Optimization problems using the exact or approximate solution of the Bloch equations are established for designing optimal broadband universal rotation (OBUR) pulses. OBUR pulses are independent of initial magnetization and can be applied to replace any pulse of the same flip angles in a pulse sequence. We demonstrate the process to exactly and efficiently calculate the first- and second-order derivatives with respect to pulses. Using these exact derivatives, a second-order optimization method is employed to design pulses. Experiments and simulations show that OBUR pulses can provide more uniform spectra in the designed offset range and come up with advantages in CPMG experiments.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Outcome Measurement in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

contributor:
MacDermid, Joy
Henry, James
Bain, James
Rehabilitation Science

subject:
complex regional pain syndrome
outcome measurement
multidisciplinary assessment
Other Rehabilitation and Therapy
Other Rehabilitation and Therapy

abstract: Appendices include current drafts of the Hamilton Inventory for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and the associated user manual for the assessment tool.

abstract: Complex regional pain syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by a constellation of variable and seemingly disparate signs and symptoms for which there is presently no definitive diagnostic test. The opportunity exists for development of a condition-specific outcome measure for complex regional pain syndrome affecting any limb(s) that could be used by therapists, physicians and researchers to evaluate their patients, make treatment decisions, and monitor the changes in both impairments and quality of life experienced by those affected individuals. This thesis addresses outcome assessment in complex regional pain syndrome, incorporating 2 papers. The first is a systematic review of the current scope and psychometric rigor of outcome assessments available to health professionals to guide their management of this condition. The second paper describes the preliminary development steps of a new measurement tool for complex regional pain syndrome, with a focus on a cognitive debriefing study of current assessment practices and preferences of a cross-section of health professionals used to inform the definitions and user manual for a multi-disciplinary assessment. Finally, the thesis addresses areas for future refinement and testing of the proposed outcome measure.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Perception and Response to Status Among Female "EX-CONS"

contributor:
Haas, Jack
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The labeling perspective assumes that officially labeled people will perceive that they have been discredited. It also contends, as do certain hypotheses regarding the socialisation of women, that assessments made by others will affect the self-esteem of the person who is discredited. This study offers the critique that these assumptions and hyptheses assume an oversocialised individual. Data analysis confirm this critique. Five women did not perceive any damage to their respectability in any of the five roles--·family mernber, wife/girlfriend, mother, friend and employee--examined in the study. Some women were also observed to have perceived improvements in either specific roles or their self-conceptions. Other factors. such as psychiatric histories, physical handicaps and previous identities are perceived to be more influential in detemining status than legal histories.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Economics of Western Canadian Agriculture

subject: Political Economy

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Bullying, Institutions and the Therapeutic Culture: How Schools Respond to Social Problems

contributor:
Davies, Scott
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: Based on empirical interview evidence and data published by the Ontario Ministry of Education, this thesis uses Institutional Theory, and notions of the Therapeutic Culture to examine how and why bullying is addressed within schools. This research analyzes the claims produced and disseminated through the Ministry of Education's written policies and procedures, and the actual responses and views of school administrators. Two data sources are used: documents from the Ontario Ministry of Education, and twenty-two interviews with principals, teachers, and other key players within schools in Hamilton, Ontario. Interviews suggest that the Ministry, as well as the boards and individual schools, actively construct myths regarding anti-violence, and loosely couple their practices with their policies in ways that placate members of their institutional environment and allow them to retain organizational legitimacy. These results support Institutional Theory, suggesting that these anti-violence policies and procedures are ceremonial, serving as "band-aid" solutions, rather than resolving the problems of bullying and violence within schools. Furthermore, they demonstrate the impact of the Therapeutic Culture as the new cultural frame that schools utilize as a means of gaining and retaining legitimacy within their institutional environment.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Citizen Action Groups: A Study of Citizen Participation in the Urban Community

contributor:
Shulman, N.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
My thesis focuses on Citizen Action Groups. Such groups are defined as being self- initiated in a local community, by citizens for the purpose of taking action to change or maintain their immediate situation. For instance, demanding redevelopment of a neighborhood or opposing the construction of a highway through a community. The STOP SPADINA group in Toronto is a well-known example of the latter.

My objectives were to analyze the citizen action group as a unique and significant form of social participation and to collate a body of information for use in further study.

This analysis was concerned with the social relevance and implications of the citizen action group as an untapped source of power for creating change in community structure and attitudes.

In addition, the analysis addressed the relationship between citizen action groups and theories on social participation, class and power. Based on a review of the classical and current literature dealing with participation and integration, the citizen action group was analyzed as a secondary group which expresses the interests and needs of individuals and provides them with a means of interaction and participation, thereby helping to integrate them into the social life of the urban community.

This analysis also included a study of two types of participation - Community Organization Agencies and Social Movements because they have certain characteristics which are applicable to citizen action groups.

Finally, from the review of participation literature - two facts became evident, one, the importance of social power - in Bierstedt's terms of numbers, organization and resources in the nature, operations and success of the citizen action group and secondly, the affect which social class has upon this power and inevitably upon the outcome of the group's activities. From this relationship, a MODEL emerged in which social class is classified as an independent variable affectlng the intervening variable of power, which in turn determines the dependent variable - which is, the degree to which a group achieves, its goals.

From this review of the literature a collection of information applicable to Citizen Action Groups was derived and formulated into a Conceptual Framework which was then used to study and compare two existing citizen action groups in Hamilton - the York Opposition Union and the Durand Neighborhood Executive, These groups represent different socio-economic backgrounds but both were organized to stop change in their respective neighborhoods.

As a result of the analysis of these groups, several conclusions could be drawn:

1- The study of the York Opposition Union and the Durand Neighborhood Executive, provided evidence to support the belief that the social class background of a group determiries the amount of power it possesses and consequently, the degree to which it achieves success. This became evident because class accounted for the differences between the groups in their numbers, their access to resources and the type and quality of their organization - in short , the groups' social power and the final outcome of their activities .

On the basis of social class, the groups were also found to differ in the degree to which they fulfilled functions, as a secondary group, at the individual and community levels of society.

In addition, the study of these groups demonstrated the utility of the Conceptual Framework as an analytic tool in examining the citizen action group as a form of social participation.

On the basis of these conclusions, it was felt that the objectives of this paper had been fulfilled. However, as a result of this thesis, several observations were drawn concerning the implications of the emergence of citizen action groups.

Beyond the success or failure of any specific citizen action group in any one community, the concept of "citizen action in the urban community" can be evaluated as to its potential power. As a source of energy and ability that have largely been untapped, the citizen action group has the potential to change attitudes and values, thereby promoting social responsibility in the use of property and co-operation instead of conflict between powerful vested interests (government and citizens) which can act as a control to check and balance the power of goverment.

The emergence of citizen action groups also has the potential to create structural changes such as establishing communication channels and participation avenues which give citizens access to decision-making processes and to information which is in itself a course of control.

It has been stated that: If the power to resolve urban problems lies in the hands of those who make decisions; it is equally true that power also lies in the hands of those who define the alternatives upon which decisions are made.

A final implication emerging from the analysis of citizen action groups, is the fact, that the citizen action group, is a form of social participation, which has the potential power to define the alternatives upon which decisions concerning urban life are made. As such they can perform an essential role in planning and controlling the urban environment and in relating the individual to his community.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sex Differences in Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment

contributor:
Walters, V.
Knight, G.
Edgington, B.
Sociology

subject:
Sociology
psychiatric diagnosis

abstract:
This study addresses differential diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry based on sex differences. It attempts to explain why women are diagnosed and treated differently from men, and to investigate the nature of psychiatric practice, in this regard.

For the investigation, the thesis is in three parts. First, an analysis of the data on diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, so called. Secondly, and analysis of three theories which attempt to account for the phenomenon of psychiatric social control, i.e . the medical model of mental illness, labelling theory and feminism. Finally, a theoretical framework is presented which attempts to avoid the inadequacies of the other theoretical approaches to the problem.

The fundamental argument in the thesis is that psychiatry acts to suppress those not directly involved in wage labour. It acts to redefine the social problems generated by capital as the indivudal problems of its victims.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate: Particle Size and Molecular Weight Distributions

contributor:
Hamielec, A. E.
Wright, J. D.
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
Emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate was studied in a batch reactor system. The particle size distribution of the polyvinyl acetate particles was determined by electron microscopy. 'In Situ Polymerization' technique was used to harden the polymer particles before microscopic examination. A light transmission spectrophotometer was calibrated for particle size measurement with the data obtained from election microscopy. A one-parameter exponential function was found to be a good approximation for the polyvinyl acetate particle size distribution. A convenient method which involves the measurement of turbidities at two wavelengths was proposed to determine the particle size distribution.

The second part of this thesis deals with the kinetics of vinyl acetate emulsion polymerization. It was found that a rate model similar to Case 1 of Smith-Ewart's theory was able to predict the polymerization rate. A model previously developed in this laboratory was able to predict the molecular weight development in vinyl acetate emulsion polymerization. The logarithmic-normal distribution was a reasonably good approximation for the polyvinyl acetate molecular weight distribution.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The Intimacy of Commodities: Social Control, Subjectivity and Feminine Hygiene

contributor:
Luxton, Meg
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This thesis examines one instance of the sexual oppression of women, that which is found in the emergence of the feminine hygiene market. It is demonstrated that certain forms of commodities, with specific application for feminine hygiene, were developed and introduced at times when women entered the paid labour force in large numbers. It is argued, however, that the correspondence between these two parallel phenomena is more than temporal.

Social control in the culture of the office is disciplinary ln mode, sexist in orientation. The manipulation of the "cosmetic self" implies a regulation of socially constructed femininity; this discipline is internalized, and thus successful, as women purchase products which regulate sexuality and femaleness. A semiological analysis of advertisements for feminine hygiene products demonstrates that the "problem that women bleed" has remained constant but has assumed varying forms. The content analysis of ads lends access to speculation about why women consume redundant products and how, ideologically, they come to understand and organize their work force experiences. The mythicizing effects of advertising involves the construction of the subject in terms of a reconciliation of what she knows and how she acts in a social totality. The gender relations of dominance require that women appropriate what it means to be a woman, to be feminine.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The State, Organised Labour, and Wage Controls in Canada

contributor:
Cuneo, Carl
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The focus of this thesis is the Liberal government's program of mandatory wage and price controls introduced on October 14, 1975. Beginning with a brief discussion of the marxist theory of the state, the thesis examines prior experiences with wage restraint programs, the evolution of post-war industrial relations, and the emergence of symptoms of economic crisis toward the end of the 1960's. Thereafter it considers the progress of state efforts to introduce wage/ price restraint, the social forces which shaped the pattern of state intervention, the actual operations of the Anti-Inflation Board, and the character of organised labour's opposition to compulsory controls.

The thesis argues that state intervention into the sphere of wage bargaining is one concrete example of the deeper contradictions which lie at the basis of the state structure. With the end of the long boom of post-war expansion, the underlying tendencies toward a crisis of capital accumulation became manifest. The deteriorating effectiveness of established techniques of economic management, and the failure of the Liberal government to develop a coherent program of capitalist planning set the immediate context for the program of wage and price controls. The objective of controls was to restrict the rate of wage increases, thereby easing the downward trend in profit levels and relaxing the fiscal crisis of the state.

The record of the Anti-Inflation Board revealed two general characteristics of the current economic and social crisis. First, the capitalist state is virtually powerless to exercise any influence over the long term pattern of inflation and slump. At the present stage of capitalism, attempts to plan economic development simply exacerbate the inherent anarchy of capitalist production. Second, the weakness of organised labour's opposition to controls indicates the urgent necessity for a restructuring of the economic and political organisation of the working class in order to defend the economic and social gains of the postwar period.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Steel and the Community of Power: A Case Study of a Dominant Corporation

contributor:
Clement, Wallace
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: "Steel and the Community of Power" is an in-depth· case study of a dominant Canadian corporation, The Steel Company of Canada Limited (Stelco) using class-and-power analysis, focusing on power-holders and the context in which they exercise corporate power. Historical and steel-industry contexts form the backdrop for the study, which deals with data on the corporation's development, inter-corporate relations and boards of directors since the merger of 1910 creating Stelco. The corporation was found to be a product of historical forces arising out of mercantile and financial pursuits of the Canadian indigenous elite and developments such as railways which are related to their traditional areas of dominance. Stelco was found to be implicated in a network of connections involving dominant Canadian and foreign corporations and in the "continentalist" logic of Canadian-American interpenetration for the exploitation of natural resources. Stelco's board was found to be an important meeting place for important configurations of Canadian indigenous elite power.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The State and Old Age Pensions: An Investigation of the 1927 Old Age Pension Act of Canada

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: Marxist theory demands the differentiation between the appearances of social phenomena and the social reality underlying them. The introduction of old age pensions in Canada is studied from this perspective. Of importance are the Marxist concepts of commodity and value, class, and the structuralist and instrumentalist interpretations of state power. Through a class trajectory model of class definition based on objective class interest, the dependent aged are located in the working class. The economic structures inherent in the transformation from simple commodity production to a capitalist more are examined. It is seen that the stratum of dependent aged arises from these structures. The demand for pensions on the part of organized labour is analysed. Changes in he internal composition of labour demonstrate a further form of pressure which is exerted on the state. When radical elements in organized labour appear to be dominant the threat to the state increases. State action involved both coercive and conciliatory measures, the latter being the promise of pensions. Examination of the conservative wing of labour discloses that labour action may not be equated with working-class interest. The timing of the passage of pension legislation establishes that labour unrest and economic need are not always sufficient causes to result in pension legislation. Political crisis can also influence the precise timing of pension enactment. The examination of pension legislation itself demonstrates that pensions can function as measures of control over the aged as well as the working-class. Control is exerted through the existence of pensions which bind the pensioner to the state in a subsistence relationship similar to tat of the wage-earner and the capitalist, as well as through the regulations and their administration. Finally the study of pensions in Canada, particularly the evidence of lack of capitalist opposition, indicates that welfare measures must be analyzed individually. One cannot generalize from one form of welfare legislation to another.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF PEPTIDYL ACYLOXYMETHYL KETONES FOR CATHEPSIN B IMAGING

contributor:
Valliant, John F.
Harrison, Paul
Harrison, Paul
Chemical Biology

subject:
cathepsin B
acyloxymethyl ketones
Medicinal-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Medicinal-Pharmaceutical Chemistry

abstract:
This thesis describes the initial steps towards the use of dipeptidyl acyloxymethyl ketones as a platform to develop molecular imaging (MI) probes for cancer. Initially the synthesis of an AOMK was performed following a literature procedure which resulted in an epimerized product. This issue was addressed by optimizing an alternative method yielding all intermediates in yields similar or better to those reported in the literature (final product yield of 67%). An AOMK derivative that can be used to evaluate target expression levels was synthesized by linking a fluorescent dye to the ε-amine group of lysine in accordance to a literature procedure describing the synthesis of an optical imaging probe in 24% yield. A second generation derivative AOMK was prepared by linking 4-fluoro-benzoic acid to the same amino group yielding a model of a PET MI probe.

An endpoint colorimetric assay was developed and optimized to test cathepsin B inhibitors. Due to the fact that the AOMKs exhibit time-dependent inhibition these assay conditions did not prove to be adequate for the assessment of the cathepsin B binding. Steps toward developing a continuous assay that would be better suited for these compounds were achieved. Factors such as the relationship between the formation of the assay product vs enzyme concentration and determination of the Michelis-Menten constant (Km = 390 ± 30 nM) were established. These parameters can be used to determine the optimal enzyme and substrate concentration that should be used to test the AOMK based probes.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Nature and Origins of the Stakhanov Movement

contributor:
knight, G.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The purpose of studying the Stakhanov Movement in the Soviet Union is to examine and discover the nature of new attitudes towards work as embodied in this movement. The recognition and practice of regarding work as a creative activity; an activity which forms an essential part in the development of mans creative capacity in accordance with changes in the material conditions of society mark a turning point in the history of labour. Each historic epoch-from primitive communism to socialism- demand not only new modes of production but corresponding changes in the state of mans intellectual development. A crucial expression of such changes are reflected in new attitudes towards work and the role this activity plays in mans total activity. In examining the Stakhanov Movement, we are not only discovering the practical expressions of such changes but also emphasizing the role such changes played in eroding divisions between mental and manual labour which is of fundamental importance in creating a socialist society. The Stakhanovibes by actively participating in this process are in practice eliminating such divisions and in so doing overcoming the one sided development of man inherited from capitalism. It is to an analysis of this new Soviet Man that we now turn.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Elementary School Lunch Programmes: An Analysis and A Proposal

contributor:
Synge, J.
Beattie, Catherine
Sociology

subject:
Elementary school lunch programmes
social implications
practices
mothers in the workforce
Sociology
Sociology

abstract:
Elementary School Lunch Programmes: An analysis and a proposal.

Where are our six to twelve year old children at noon? What do they do at lunch? Who is responsible for noontime supervision? What attitudes prevail in the minds of parents, educators and politicians regarding lunchtime supervision? Are the needs of parents, children and educators being recognized? If not, what are the social implications of continued current practices?

The intent of this project has been to examine these questions in relation to social changes resulting from the inclusion of mothers in the work force.

Questionnaire mailings followed by an interview study of educators and other concerned citizens in the Hamilton area, identified legal responsibility for lunchtime child care to be with the school.

Based on the conception of lunchtime as a legal inclusion in the school day and the educational potential this time affords, it is proposed that lunchtime be structured into the school's curriculum in the form of an Educational Lunch Programme.

It is argued that legal custodial responsibility of the school at lunch be recognized as a realistic social expectation. Lunchtime child care, organized as an Educational Lunch Programme, represents a "need" fulfillment of contemporary society.

This paper concludes that continued research and curriculum design decisions are required in the development of the proposed elementary school Educational Lunch Programmes.

abstract: Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)


title: THE SHORT-RUN DSTERMINATION OF CANADA'S GROSS NATIONAL EXPENDITURE

contributor:
Thompson, R. W.
Johnson, J.
Political Economy

subject:
Political Economy
Political Economy

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to construct a very simple econometric model to explain Canada's Gross National Expenditure (G.N.E.) during the post-world war II years, 1947-1962, and to indicate how this simple model may be used as a tool in the formulation of Canada's short-run economic policy.

In form this thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter gives a simple explanation or a general theory of the determination of G.N.E., while the second chapter analysis the historical behaviour of Canada's G.N.E. with a view to determining: (a) the main factors which were responsible for producing short-run changes in the level of this aggregate, and (b) whether there has been any stability in the pattern of these changes. this being done, the third chapter develops, on the basis of the background knowledge provided by Chapters I and II, an hypothesis concerning the short-run determination of Canada's G.N.E. The fourth chapter then presents the statistical estimates of the mathematical relationships derived from this hypothesis, and attempts to select that estimating equation which gives the best explanation of Canada's G.N.E. Lastly, Chapter V summarieses chapters I to IV and discusses in particular the use of the selected estimating equation as a simple forecasting tool.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Origins of a Non-Policy; The Development of the Assumption of a Housing Responsibility by by the Canadian Government

contributor:
Weaver, John C.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
This thesis examines the critical role played by the federal government in housing. It concludes that this involvement is undertaken in the context of a "non-policy", more responsive to the appetites of powerful business interests for profit, than towards the shelter needs of Canadians. This tilt towards the private pursuit of profit, although not by any means unique to Canada, appears to be applied with far more single-mindedness than other industrialized, western states with similar traditions of relatively high living standards and democratic government. This pattern emerged strongly during the British colonial period and was carried through the critical era of rapid industrialization prior to the advent of the First World War. Part and parcel with it came a housing crisis as a result of rapidly rising rents and increased overcrowding. With the depression of 1913 having revealed the comfortable remedies of municipal boosterism and suburban sprawl as a cause rather than the solution to this crisis, attempts at solutions through municipal or limited dividend companies and by town planning began to become popular across the Dominion. However many of these efforts were suspended during the First World War despite the fact that housing conditions worsened due to wartime conditions. With the arrival of peace the threat of social unrest and the promptings of manufacturers, labour unions and veterans t associations finally prompted the federal government into action, but the housing scheme that was devised benefited only those in search of home ownership and was manipulated by corruption. With the revival of the residential construction industry in 1924, no further calls for government intervention in housing was heard till the industry's collapse during the great depression of the 1930's. This disaster did provoke a profound questioning of the prevailing marketplace ethos and as a result many social workers, architects, engineers, trade unions, manufacturers and construction companies advanced the then novel idea that housing conditions amenable to the needs of human life should be provided to all members of the community, irregardless of ability to pay, through government subsidized rents in municipal or limited dividend private projects. These views were supported by a special Parliamentary housing committee in 1935, but the actual federal housing legislation passed in this year bore no resemblance to their proposals. Instead joint loans by government and lending corporations for home ownership were arranged under the Dominion Housing Act, the government portion being lent at a subsidized rate of interest. The problem of providing healthier low rental accommodation was assigned to the Economic Council of Canada for further study.

The DHA of 1935 set the tone for future government housing programs. Even the promise of further study for low rental housing was never kept, as the proposed Economic Council never met. After the Second World War the revised NHA stimulated the mortgage market for the affluent, while efforts in providing rental housing for the less fortunate were restricted to subsidies for private projects and a miniscule public housing program" By the 1970's even more extensive subsidies were provided for home ownership, which helped to maintain inflated land prices and land developers' profits, problems that caused the initiation of these later schemes in the first place.

The federal government's role in housing has seen the growth of powerful land development corporations as a virtue, not a vice; the key to the solutions of housing problems was viewed as always dependent upon their being resolved by responsible businessmen and avoiding any dangerous "socialization" of a key capitalist institution, the housing industry.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE CLASS STRUCTURE OF A SOVIET-TYPE SOCIETY

contributor:
KNIGHT, G.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The thesis examines the movement for industrial democracy in Czechoslovakia during the 'Prague Spring' of 1968. The theoretical framework raises the question of whether or not state socialist societies are class societies characterised by class divisions and antagonisms. Evidence on the workers' movement for democratic control of the workplace, together with evidence concerning inequalities of reward and opportunity suggest that the events in Czechoslovakia during 1968-69 can be interpreted in terms of class theory and concepts. The course of events supports the basic argument that conflict between workers and Party officials over the management of both the unions and the workplace represent a form of class struggle over the means of production and distribution.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Stochastic Digital Control of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor

contributor:
MacGregor, J. F.
Chemical Engineering

abstract: A continuous stirred tank reactor is interfaced to a minicomputer and software is written for the different purposes of this study. The model building procedure is based on a three-step iterative approach (identification, estimation and diagnostic checking) using data collected by a minicomputer under open-loop and closed-loop conditions. A stochastic feedback controller is designed from the identified model and implemented using a minicomputer. A comparison run between this stochastic controller and a well tuned PI controller is made. A modified stochastic controller is suggested. The effect of sampling interval on discrete process models is developed, and the optimal choice of sampling interval for digital control is discussed.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Marginality, Tension and Attrition In a Temporary Non-Profession: The Case of the Detached Youth Worker

contributor:
Hornosty, Roy
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The occupation of the detached youth worker is analysed in terms of marginality, tension and attrition. In spite of the high level of tension the occupation persists and workers remain for approximately two and a half years; this is explained by reference to the occupational ideology.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Becoming a Teacher: Reengacting Yesterday Today for Use Tomorrow

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This 'process-of-becoming' analysis focuses on student teachers, particularly during in-College instructional periods. Initially, the theoretical and methodological orientation adopted, symbolic interactionism and qualitative methods respectively, is discussed, and the interrelationship between the two is illustrated by considering some typical, as well as atypical, problems encountered in the field.

It is then shown that the physical appearance of a Teachers' College has an adverse effect on student interaction. Furthermore, the distinction made by student teachers between theory and practice (and the subsequent preference assigned to the practice element) is discussed in terms of its implications. And finally, the notion of simply getting the piece of paper (i.e., diploma) is put forth as the motive for certain impression management strategies.

The fourth chapter is concerned with, first, the largely avert, objectively perceived aspects of the student teacher passage. These aspects are conceptualized as scheduled and sequenced. Secondly, this socialization process is described as a set of transitional statuses that revolve around various subjectively perceived concerns. Furthermore, three stages of concerns are conceptualized.

It is concluded in the final chapter, that on the basis of a four point comparison with medical education, unlike other occupations where, prior conceptions are reversed during professional socialization, student teachers place events which preceded their formal preparation for teaching within a continuous rather than discontinuous framework. On the basis of the observation that while teacher education works within a continuous framework and society does not, preferable aspects in teacher education are outlined for the future.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sex Differences and Work Patterns: A Case Study of a Community College

contributor:
Synge, Jane
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This thesis is an exploratory case study that examines the roles of women and men in one type of work organization, a community college." As in many other organizations, women are to be found predominantly in the lower levels of the organization. We document the extent to which structural variables, such as hiring procedures, cognitive variables, such as perception of discrimination, and socialization variables, such as views on responsibility and promotion, may affect men and women in different ways.

We consider the three major groups in the organization -- administrators, faculty, and support staff -- separately. Our data are derived from a questionnaire survey and from interviews with a sample of men and women. While the pyramidal structure of the organization, with few high level-positions and many low level positions, is partly responsible for women's relatively poor advancement chances, our data show the importance of other structural, cognitive and socialization variables. We also explore the determinants of work satisfaction for men and women in the organization. We conclude that the structure of the organization and women's perceptions of their roles are not conducive to women's advancement. We also find that groups at similar levels in the organization tend to have similar views in many areas regardless of sex.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: From Artisan to Courtesan: The Rationalization of Labor and Leisure

contributor:
Ripton, Reg
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This thesis examines the changing character of work expression and the extent to which the organization of productive life activity either facilitates or hinders a unified expression of man through work. It focuses on the reorganization of industrial production, the incorporation of craft into rationalized systems of production, and discusses the ramifications of the reordered work process for the human subject of labor. It views the attempts by social scientists to habituate and routinize the content and quality of work and worker behavior.

However, as labor ceased to provide the vehicle for the utilization of man's creative faculties and abilities, leisure time expanded and seemed to hold out the promise of a reintegration of creative outlets into one's life. Craft was to reappear as hobby craft. However, hobby craft while claiming to be a viable alternative to alienated labor, mirrored in fact, the workings of the industrial apparatus from which it was derived. Social scientists again aided industry, this time in habituating consumer buying behavior for the products innovated by industry and in promoting an image of leisure alternatives which attempted to obfuscate the industrial connections between the leisure products and the quality of leisure.

Leisure, rather than constituting an alternative to labor serves to reinforce the patterns of habit and work behaviors which are required in industry. The leisure consumer is sold an image. The image bears little resemblance to reality.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Eduard Bernstein's Revisionist Critique of Marxist Theory and Practice

contributor:
Curtis, Bruce
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
Eduard Bernstein formulated the theoretical premises expressing the movement toward revisionist practice, which was taking place in European socialist parties during the late 19th century. Bernstein was a member of the German Social Democratic party which was a particularly strong and important member of the Second International conference. During that time, a split in the socialist movement became evident, including within the German Social Democratic party. One stream continued to adhere to the principles of orthodox Marxist theory, while the other was revisionist -- prepared to accept and design revisions of Marxism, drawing upon other sources of socialist theory.

Bernstein himself moved gradually from taking an orthodox Marxist stance to a revisionist one, partially due to a number of outside influences. In addition, he began by questioning whether the empirical, historical conditions of his era correspond any longer with the traditional Marxist approach. Bernstein did not see economic trends proceeding in the same manner as the orthodox Marxists, did not foresee any necessary breakdown of capitalism, or any need or revolutionary means to obtain the goal of a socialist society. He concluded by criticizing a number of bases of Marxist theory, particularly the over-reliance on a Hegelian teleology, which produces misleading results. Bernstein criticized the retention of Marxist theory therefore, as an unquestionable dogma, holding rather that it should be utilized as a useful tool for historical and sociological analysis, and revised according to changes in social relations.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Cooling-Out Function of Community College

contributor:
Ripton, Reginald A.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: Community college in North America has as its primary function the preservation of the status quo and maintenance of class structure. The Ontario Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology is not a unique structure but closely resembles the whole North American system. It has an increasingly important transfer function although the function is not officially stressed as in the rest of Canada and the United States. However, community or junior college is a failure in North America as an academic institution, as only a small percentage actually transfer and receive a Bachelor of Arts degree although the majority aspire towards this goal. It is a failure as far as technical and vocational training goes as judged by its inability to interest students in the technical programs and its outright failure in Ontario, where technical education is supposedly paramount, to alleviate the acute skilled manpower shortage. Nevertheless, the institution is healthy and growing while other post-secondary schools are on the decline. Resources are flowing into this institution because it is accomplishing its primary task adequately. That task is to mollify or cool-out' the working class and preserve and protect the class structure of our society.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Concept of Economic Imperialism: with Particular Application to Britain During the Period 1870-1914

contributor:
G., W. D.
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Boys Site: A Pickering Branch Village in Ontario County

contributor:
Noble, William C.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
Since Wright (1966) proposed his early, middle and late Ontario Iroquois Traditions, the earliest period has been the one least reported upon until very recently. New contributions by Noble and Kenyon (1972) and Noble (1973) have broadened our knowledge of the Glen Meyer culture of the early Ontario Iroquois Tradition, and his monograph is intended to fill some of the gaps in our knowledge of the contemporaneous other branch: Pickering.

Data on settlement, artifact, subsistence, and trade patterns are provided for the boys site and compared to the earlier Pickering Miller village (Kenyon 1968) and to the later Pickering Bennett site (Wright and Anderson 1969) in order to place Boys chronologically and confirm previously reported seriational trends. New data for chronological ordering is provided, and a number of unique features of Boys discussed.

Comparisons of Boys with the synchronic Glen Meyer village of Van Besien are presented, and overall Pickering and Glen Meyer comparisons further clarify the distinctions between the two cultures.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Local Union Participation: A Study of an Elementary Teacher's Union

contributor:
Yates, C.A.B.
Work and Society

subject:
Work and Society
Public Affairs
Social Work
Public Affairs

abstract: Union participation is an integral part of almost every union. This thesis studies the dimensions of participation in local union activities. The study is based on a survey that was conducted at the Hamilton-Wentworth Elementary Teachers Local. The study looks at participation trends within this union, looking at variables such meeting attendance, voting behaviours, and social event attendance, among others. This study finds that participation in this union is relatively high compared to many unions in comparable studies. It also finds that gender was not a barrier to participation. Women in this union participated at a higher level than men. The study also outlines how union structure issues as well as leadership issues affect participation of the union members. This paper outlines why participation is important to this particular union, as well as why participation is important to unions in general.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Study of Hairpin Bubble Generating Circuits and Strip Domain Shapes

abstract:
A mathematical model which describes the forces acting on the domain walls of a strip domain as they are pushed together under the influence of an externally applied field is developed and presented in the thesis.

Photographs are presented of actual domains as their walls are pushed together by the field due to current flowing in a hairpin conductor circuit.

The photographs of wall shape are compared with wall shapes predicted by a computer program which was based on the mathematical model.

Possible extensions to the model are proposed which would make it a useful tool for designing an optimal bubble cutter.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The Social and Ethical -- An Analysis of its Emaration in Erotic Life

contributor:
Marshall, Victor
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The question raised in this thesis is the mutuality of human social being and ethical conduct. A display of the literature reveals that the social -- both traditionally and in modern usage -- has a constraining effect upon people's lives.

However, to some theorists, the social is an intermediate ground wherein people realize the fundamental purposes of their labour. At the heart of this, there is a presuppositions of some good for which people labour. The realization of this is an experience of freedom rather than enslavement. However this realization does not become complete until it is fully understood. This understanding consists of a transformation (of this realization) from a purely abstract intellectual realm to an experiential realm wherein the insight becomes practicable. The practice of insight lies within the ethical sphere because it is a form of conduct which aims at the good.

Value judgements are those speeches wherein sociologists finally confront ethical problems. Value judgements can not be analyzed alone; an understanding of them is impossible without an understanding of the facts which they (value judgements) presuppose. Facts and value judgements are the peculiar language of modern science; however they need not be the only speeches in which a person can exercise the ability to speak. This thesis displays that the ethical sphere originates elsewhere (that from the language of modern science).

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Marriage Termination in Preliterate Societies

contributor:
Brymer, R.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This is a cross-cultural examination of aspects of selected social structures found in preliterate societies. It seeks a correlation between these structures and termination of marriage. The results were not conclusive but the paper suggests many further avenues of investigation, the most fruitful of which appears to be the degree of severance of women from their natal groups at the time of marriage. The sample is drawn from the HRAF.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Theoretical and Comparative Analysis of the Development of Millennial Movements

contributor:
Blumstock, Robert E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the development of millennial movements in various different areas and different time periods. An attempt has been made to account for the social conditions under which millennial movements arise, and also to explain why the ritual and doctrinal contents of the movements are as they are. In recent years the comparative analysis of millennial movements has flourished, and there is now a relatively large literature on the subject. However, with one or two notable exceptions, these analyses have concentrated in the main on either the similarities in common between apparently diverse movements, or else on the formulation of ideal types and dimensions into and along which all movements can be categorized . There have been very few attempts to create sociological models that either explain under what conditions millennial movements develop, or that illustrate why individual movements develop the specific rituals and beliefs they do.

Because of its historically and geographically comparative approach, this thesis, of necessity, consists of a secondary analysis of selected millennial movements. Nevertheless it is hoped that the model developed for these selected movements will be of use in explaining and understanding other movements.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Korea and United States Foreign Policy During the Truman Adminietraticn

contributor:
Campbello, John Pollock
History

subject: History

abstract: This thesis is intended to be primarily all exposition and analysis of the Truman Administration's policies towards Korea. The greater part of the work deals, of course, with the Korean war and the response of the United States Government to that conflict; I have also made some attempt to fit President Truman's Korean policy within the framework of his overall foreign policy. The traditional criticism directed against those who write about recent history is that one must inevitably lack sufficient perspective. While acknowledging the validity of this charge, I feel that a start must be made somewhere, and that those who write first on a topic perform some service, even if it is only the dubious one of stimulating a desire in others to improve on such inadequate beginnings. A more serious problem in doing research on recent events is the limited quantity of source material available. I did not, however, find this a great handicap, thanks to the speed with which the United States government releases documents, and the general openness of the American system of government. As Max Freedman, the Washington correspondent of the Manchester Guardian has said, "Everything that a reporter wants to know about the United States Government is spread out openly before him in the records of committee hearings, Congressional debates and transcripts of press conferences. There's no such complete freedom from mystery in the rest of the world."

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Political Economy of Dependence and Underdevelopment in Ghana (1844-1966)

contributor:
Howard, R.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This study concerns the problems of development and underdevelopment in the Third World. It specifically examines the causes and consequences of dependence and underdevelopment. Historical data on the political economy of Ghana between 1844 to 1966 is used in testing the hypothesis that 1. the initial underdevelopment of Ghana was caused mainly by the historical expansion of capitalism into Ghana, and its subsequent integration into the world capitalist-dominated market, as well as by the negative effects of colonial rule and the oligopolization of its economy by foreign capital, and 2. that the continued dependence and underdevelopment of post-colonial Ghana can still be attributed to external intrusion and exploitation of the country by foreign capital.

In doing so, the modernization theory of the sociology of development is reviewed and rejected as unsuitable for the purpose of analysing the phenomena of dependence and underdevelopment chiefly because it is ahistorical and it ignores external factors. Instead, the dependency conceptual framework which treats dependence and underdevelopment as historical processes is used in this study.

The findings in this study uphold the first hypothesis but partly reject the second hypothesis on the grounds that the continued dependence and underdevelopment of post-colonial Ghana is mainly due to the unrealistic economic policies of the state. And that, the continued dominance of the economy by foreign capital is the direct creation of the internal dynamics and contradictions in the social relations of production and the mode of distribution of social wealth in Ghana. Ghana is still dependent on external capital because it is in the interest of the ruling classes to maintain the status quo.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Nurses, Patients and Families The Negotiation of Order on Acute Care Wards

contributor:
Marshall, Victor W.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
In this thesis, the symbolic interactionist, control and negotiated order perspectives provide the theoretical framework within which to analyse how workers seek and maintain control over their conditions of work.

The thesis is a secondary analysis of participant observation data from a primary study conducted on four wards of an acute care teaching hospital. The nurse-client relationship is the focus of investigation, with the patient viewed as the primary client and the patient's family conceptualized as a secondary client.

The nurse-patient relationship is investigated, examining situations in which patients come to be perceived as behaviour problems by nurses and the ways in which nurses react to regain control over these problem patients. A group of 102 problem patients is analysed, and several distinct problem categories are discovered. Patients in each category are analysed according to age, sex and diagnosis. Sex is found to be a significant determinant of being perceived as a problem, with female patients comprising a large proportion of the problem group. Unlike other studies, age is not a determinant of being perceived as a problem in these data. Nurses' techniques of control are investigated. Implications of these techniques with respect to institutional goals of total patient care and psychosocial care are discus fled. It is see that patients who are perceived as behaviour problems are very likely to be defined as having social and emotional problems and to be seen by a psychiatrist or social worker.

The relationship between nurses and patients' families is examined. It is argued that problems of control over families are heightened in the study hospital as a result of institutional policies of open visiting and family participation in patient care. Analysis of 46 problem families reveals the use of altercasting as a technique of interpersonal control. Nurses cast families into three roles -- visitor, worker and patient. Nurses prefer the visitor role but when this breaks down they cast the relative in a combined patient/worker role, with the patient role the preferred one. This contrasts with other studies which indicate nurses more commonly cast relatives in worker roles. It is argued that the emphasis in the study hospital on psychosocial care encourages the imputing of the patient role to the problem relative and provides the possibility of increased social control over clients.

Information control is analysed and found to be pervasive and taken for granted in this setting. Difficulties created for nurses by information control are given particular attention.

Patient satisfaction with nursing care and information is examined. High levels of satisfaction are found, placing in perspective the focus on problems which is taken in the thesis and raising questions with respect to policies of information-giving that would be most beneficial to patients.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Parental Influence on Ethnic Language Retention by Children: The Case of Chinese in Urban Canada

contributor:
Jones, Charles L.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This thesis examines the effects of parental influence on ethnic language retention by children in five Chinese communities in urban Canada. Related literature suggests that ethnic language is vital to the survival and continuity of the ethnic community because it not only provides an efficient means of communication among people in the same ethnic group but also preserves the ethnic culture and fosters ethnic identity and solidarity. Ethnic language loss is likely to be accompanied by weakening of ethnic identity and enfeebling of ethnic integration, and hence is a threat to the vitality of ethnic community.

Ethnic language loss in the second and third generations is a wide-spread phenomenon in North American societies. This thesis, however, focuses on one of the forces that could contribute to counteract or slow down the tempo of language loss. Attention is paid to the family as an ethnic language retaining agent. The most notable contribution made by this thesis lies in its empirical assessment of parental influence on ethnic language retention by children. It was found that parents' direct promotion explained 44 per cent of the total variance of ethnic language retention by children among Chinese in urban Canada. This indicates that the family is a very important ethnic language retaining agent.

Four other parental variables were examined for the detection of their effects on parents' direct promotion of ethnic language. They were: parents' ethnic identification, parents' ethnic community involvement, parents' knowledge of English/French, and parents' length of time in Canada. Parents' ethnic community involvement was found to have positive effect on their direct promotion of ethnic language, whereas parents' knowledge of English/ French exerted negative impact on their direct promotion. Both parents' ethnic identification and length of time in Canada were not significantly related to other variables, implying that, among Chinese in urban Canada, ethnic identification is not a determinant of ethnic life, and their extent of assimilation to the Canadian society remains rather stable over time.

Data were extracted from the 1973 Non-Official Language Survey which studied ethnic language retention and related issues among ten ethnic groups selected from five metropolitan cities in Canada. The Chinese were one of the ten ethnic groups and this group was chosen for the present analysis. Path analysis was employed to assess the direct and indirect effects among the variables. Assumptions of path analysis were tested to determine the extent to which they were met. In particular, Goodman's log-linear system was used to test the assumption of absence of interaction effects among the variables of the model.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Future Time Perspective Among the Hospitalized Elderly and A Phenomenological Interpretation of Senility

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The primary focus of the thesis" is a study of the hospitalized elderly's future time perspectives. The concept is defined as the elderly person's attitude towards his future. Two distinct attitudes are analyzed: a high future time perspective (FTP) in which the person sees a future for himself, and a low future time perspective (FTP) in which the person sees no future for himself but only a time for waiting until death.

Although the concept is virtually absent from existing gerontological literature, it can be related to the "literature on awareness of death. A review of such authors also points to relevant factors possibly affecting future time perspective.

The empirical study shows that an elderly person can have either a high or a low FTP while at the same time can also have the knowledge of his impending death. However FTP is unrelated to numerous demographic and background characteristics as well as to psychological disengagement and the life-review process. It is positively correlated with planning for the future, perception of how tightly time is scheduled in the present as compared with the past, and perception of FTP now as compared with FTP in the past. It is also related to specific social interaction and social activity variables. Analysis of the data reveals that a person with relatively low involvement inside The Hospital world and relatively high involvement ip the Non-Hospital world is likely to have a high FTP. A person with relatively low involvement in the Non-Hospital world, regardless of his level of involvement in The Hospital world, is likely to have a low FTP. A person with a relatively high involvement in both The Hospital and the Non-Hospital worlds is just as likely to have a low FTP as a high FTP. The implications for those studying awareness of death and for hospital administrations is illustrated.

Over half of the total sample is classified as "senile t and characterized as irrational, i.e. not engaging in meaningful interaction. Following Schutz, they are interpreted as living in different realities from most others and conversations with them attempt to establish universes of discourse in order to enter their realities. These conversations are made meaningful through an analysis in terms of sociability. Such an analysis results in suggesting sociability as the approach for rehabilitating the senile elderly.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Career Development in the Professions and Semi-Professions in Three Societies

contributor:
Jones, F. E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the career development of four occupations, medicine, law, secondary school teaching and social work, representing three countries - Australia, Canada and Sweden. Based on the literature, it was proposed that at the collective level there would be more consensus in work-related attitudes within the two professions of medicine and law than within the two semi-professions of teaching and social work; and that the professionals would be more homogeneous in terms of their background characteristics than the semi-professionals. At the individual level, it was hypothesized that certain background characteristics such as father's occupation, parents' education, family size and the influence of significant others would be directly related to the age when the career decision was made, as well as the career entry pattern and professional orientation. It was also hypothesized that the age when the career decision was made would be directly related to the career entry pattern and that both would directly affect professional orientation.

Several methods were used to test the propositions and hypotheses, including the comparison of percentage distributions, variances, consensus and homogeneity indices and path analysis. The findings supported both major propositions. There was generally more consensus with respect to work related attitudes among the doctors and lawyers than among the teachers and social workers. In addition, the professionals were more homogeneous than the semi-professionals in terms of background characteristics such as age when the career decision was made, father's occupation and social class identification. At the individual level, the age when the career decision was made was found to be strongly related to the type of career entry pattern in the hypothesized manner. Specifically, respondents who reported earlier career decisions were more likely to enter directly into their career choice. Persons whose fathers had higher SES occupations and who were influenced by close family members usually made earlier career decisions, and in some cases also had more direct entry patterns. Professional orientation was not explained by the variables in the model.

Finally, the 'community' model of the professions which stresses homogeneity among its members is seen as conflicting with a contemporary emphasis on increasing equality of opportunity for entering into the professions, an emphasis which implies increasing heterogeneity.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Modernization versus Dependency in the context of Colonial Bengal

contributor:
Matthews, Ralph
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The Modernization theory, which since the 1950's has remained a major framework of analysis of the problems of Third world societies, provides no explanation of underdevelopment per se. The core idea in Modernization is that underdevelopment in the Third World can be avoided through the development of capitalistic type of societies. But this significant assertion is not backed by any systematic analysis of the structure and dynamism of the system of capitalism itself. The Modernization theory has failed to integrate an analysis of underdevelopment within its explanatory domain because of its theoretical reliance on the ahistorical assumptions of the Structural-Functional model. The Dependency theory, on the other hand, by looking at the historical development of capitalism as a world system and attempting to locate some of the structural contradictions of capitalism as a system of economy, has opened up some significant possibilities for developing theories about underdevelopment. By making capitalism as a referent point of analysis, the Dependency theory has made it possible to look at development as a dynamic process and underdevelopment as a problem of transition between pre-capitalist and capitalist societies. Our study of colonial Bengal suggests that the assumptions of the Dependency theory have greater explanatory power.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: ST. PAUL'S: A GERMAN CANADIAN RURAL COMMUNITY

contributor:
Stortroen, C. E.
Sociology and Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Sociology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis presents an ethnographic account of the rural community of St. Paul's in Grey County, Ontario, Canada. It proposes that the community has existed as a cohesive unit throughout its existence because of its predominantly primary economic relationships, the strength of its religious expression, closely knit kinship structure, contained social and commercial activity, and the strong ethnic bond felt by the members.

The proposal argues that St. paul's will cease to be a community as economic pressure resulting from participation in the impersonal marketing systems dictated by large commercial interests erodes its economy and social institutions, and drives its population from the land.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Cyclical Behaviour of Canada's Current Account Balance of Payments

contributor:
Thompson, R.W.
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: The thesis makes a detailed statistical examination, from 1870 to the present, of changes in Canada's current account balance of payments relative to swings in the domestic business cycle. It reveals a strong tendency for the trade and current account balances to deteriorate in periods of economic expansion and to improve when the economy is contracting. An hypothesis is developed to explain this pattern of cyclical behaviour, which is shown to be the equivalent of a tendency for cyclical changes in domestic investment to exceed changes in domestic saving. The importance in the Canadian economy of a foreign trade acceleration effect, together with accommodating cyclical swings in the inflow of long-term capital, appear to be the primary causes of this tendency.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Social Construction of Social Problems: An Empirical Example 'The Love Canal'

contributor:
Haas, Jack
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
Two major approaches to the study of social problems have dominated the sociological literature. The first, the functionalist approach, carries over the familiar orientation and assumptions of the larger functionalist perspective in sociology. Social problems are seen as real social conditions harmful to society. The second and now more dominant approach, the subjective approach, draws on two larger perspectives in sociology, conflict theory and symbolic interactionism. From the former it takes an image of society as a collection of diverse and competing social influences with a wide array of ideas and interests; from the latter it takes an emphasis on the significant role definitions of social reality play for the understanding of social life. Social problems lie in the process by which groups come to define social conditions as problematic, not in the objective conditions themselves.

By examining the emergence of how the Love Canal, an environmental problem in Niagara Falls, New York was socially constructed into a "social" problem, it is argued that social problems and the issues associated with them are not objectively given whose existence may be taken for granted. Social problems are organized and defined within a socio-political context. The emergence of a social problem evolves around the following sequences: private recognition of the social problem; public and political recognition of the problem as an appropriate issue for policy decision and government action; public debate and social conflict about the legitimacy, seriousness, and causes of the problem. For a social problem to be transformed from a private issue to a public issue, a complex socio-political process develops around the activities of major institutional actors; the media, officialdom, experts and private interest groups. Often conflicts arise not only over what is to be a public issue, but also over how the problem is to be diagnosed and responded to. Of particular theoretical interest in the institutionalization of social problems. Institutionalizing the social problem into the social structure, legitimate, institutionalize and routinize the social problem.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: These are the Days of Haggai and Zechariah: The Literary Function of the Prophets in Ezra 1-6

contributor:
Boda, Mark J.
Christian Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The scholarly conversation concerning Ezra-Nehemiah has largely been focussed on diachronic methods. Tamara Eskenazi was the first to consider Ezra-Nehemiah synchronically. Her work was an exceptional as well as essential step forward. However, her focus on the unity of Ezra and Nehemiah causes her to overlook the plot structure of Ezra 1-6. In this study a plot structure is outlined for Ezra 1-6 based upon the עלה imperative and the בנה imperative which are given by Cyrus in Ezra 1 :2-4. The Judean people are able to accomplish the עלה imperative without conflict, but the בנה imperative is not completed so easily as the temple rebuilding project reaches a standstill in Ezra 4:24. The prophets Haggai and Zechariah then intervene and become the catalyst for the resolution ofthe narrative (5:1). This study highlights the narrative role of the prophets in Ezra 1-6.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Bolshevization of the Communist Movement: an Inquiry into the Development of Lenninism in contradiction with Social-Democratic Traditions

contributor:
Shaffir, B.
Legendre, C.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Peasants In A Changing Economy Ecological Change Among the Sinhalese Peasants From 1796 A.D. TO 1909 A.D.

contributor:
Jones, C. L.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: An outline of the history of the Island from 1505 - the arrival of the Portuguese and the Dutch - their activities in the Maritime Provinces - effects they had on the political economy of the island establishment of the British power in Sri Lanka in 1796 - defining a peasant economy - organization of the factors of production - how the land was organized to obtain desired goods - how the labour was organized - the relations of productions - the role of mediators theoretical problems - why the production system changed under the British and not under other European powers - the relationship between the changes in the economy of the Imperial Metropolis and the changes in Sri Lanka - the importance of monopolies in merchant capitalist system - the change of merchant capitalism to industrial capitalism - consequent changes in the system of production in Sri Lanka.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: West Indian Teachers and Nurses in Ontario, Canada: A Study of Migration Patterns

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: In rigidly structured societies where entry into certain occupations and/or social strata are blocked, migration provides the channels of upward mobility. The study shows how West Indians of lower status origins use the professions - teaching and nursing - to achieve this mobility. The evidence also suggests a positive relationship between migration and levels of aspiration, career patterns, and anomie.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Reconsidering the Sociology of Youth

contributor:
Knight, Graham
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
Young people are considered here, in sociological terms as actual or potential labour power and hence in terms of their relationship to the organisation of production. They are further located within the institutional setting of the school, allowing for a consideration of the extent to which age acts as a mediation of class within an institutional setting.

Our findings point to the problems involved in a consideration of the relationship between age and class in sociological discussions of youth. They indicate the necessity of not only considering age as a mediation of class but of remaining sensitive to variations and contradictions within specific class cultural formations and, where applicable, including the important variables of gender and ethnicity.

Our conclusions indicate that the Althusserian notion of the school as an Ideological state Apparatus which simply reproduces a "dominant" ideology is far from adequate. We are obliged to conclude that analyses which accept this notion uncritically necessarily reproduce an essentially functionalist problematic.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: SPECIES AND GENOTYPE DIVERSITIES OF YEASTS IN THE CLINICAL AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS IN HAMILTON

contributor:
Xu, Jianping
Yamamura,
Golding,
Biology

subject: Candidemia

subject: nosocomial clusters

subject: yeast diversity

subject: yeast-tree association

subject: microgeographic structuring

subject: Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology

subject: Pathogenic Microbiology

abstract:
In Canada the incidence of yeast infections have increased over the past decade, which in turn has resulted in the increased mortality and morbidity rates among the immuno-compromised patients. Yeasts are ubiquitous in nature and constitute a healthy portion of human skin and gut flora. Factors such as the urban settings and food have been previous shown to influence the yeast flora people harbour. This makes us believe that to effectively tackle the rising yeast infections in Canada we need to not only conduct epidemiological yeast studies in clinical settings but should also understand the diversity and distribution of them in the urban environment. This thesis constitutes of an epidemiological fungemia study and an urban environmental yeast profiling study conducted in the city of Hamilton.

In the first chapter of the thesis I discuss the results of the epidemiological candidemia study. We noticed that over the past decade the mean age of the population with candidemia in hospitals within Hamilton has increased by 10 years. DNA fingerprinting analysis suggested that 33% of the blood streamCandida isolates from January 2005 to February 2009 belonged to 18 clusters, some of which were shared between wards and hospitals. we found that for each of the four species, strains isolated closer to each other temporally were overall genetically more similar to each other as well, which suggested that nosocomial sources likely caused repeated candidemia infections. The study is the first of its sort in Canada and the results of this chapter are expected to aid infection control practitioners in the Hamilton hospitals and make the stay of patients in hospitals safer.

In the second chapter, we discuss the diversity and distribution of yeasts prevalent on trees in and around Hamilton. We identified a total of 88 environmental yeasts belonging to 20 species (based on ITS sequence data). The yeast populations were highly heterogeneous in both species and genotype composition. Among the 14 tree species sampled, yeasts were frequently found on cedar, cottonwood and basswood. Interestingly all the Candida parapsilosis strains were found from pine tree only. Some of the potential environmental factors shaping the distribution of yeast populations in Hamilton are discussed.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)