title: Intrinsic healing in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon in vitro: effects of hyaluronate and polysulfated glycosaminoglycans on matrix synthesis and cell proliferation

title: University of Saskatchewan Ottawa: National Library of Canada, [1999]

subject: Health Management

abstract: The use of representative in vitro models has been favoured for the study of biologic and pharmacologic responses of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of exogenous sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) and polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and cell proliferation by explants of the equine SDFT, and to compare the effects of NaHA and PSGAG at equivalent concentrations. Explants of the tensile SDFT were cultured in RPMI 1640/10% DHS/100 $\mu$g/ml ascorbate in sealed bottles on rollers (14 rpm) at 36.5 $\pm$ 0.5$\sp\circ$C. After a pre-treatment culture period of 18 days, cultures were randomized into treatment groups, and the drug being tested added to the medium. Cultures were treated for 6 days prior to pulse-chase radiolabeling with $\sp{35}$S-sulfate, L-(2,3,4,5-$\sp3$H) proline and methyl-C$\sp{14}$-thymidine to determine rates of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) synthesis, protein synthesis and cell proliferation respectively. The explants and aliquots of medium were hydrolysed in 6 M HCl, scintillation counted, and explant and medium counts summed in order to determine molar incorporation rates per mg dry weight of tissue. Protein in aliquots of the medium was precipitated and hydrolysed. The rates of collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis were determined from the derivatized amino acids by RP-HPLC. Hyaluronate synthesis was determined by radiometric assay in one experiment. NaHA was evaluated at concentrations of 0 to 2000 $\mu$g/ml. The rates of proline incorporation into protein, collagen synthesis and GAGs synthesis were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Cell proliferation was not significantly affected by NaHA. PSGAG was added to the medium in concentrations of 0 to 5000 $\mu$g/ml. The rates of proline incorporation into protein, collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis, and GAGs synthesis were significantly increased in the presence at concentrations higher than 100 $\mu$g/ml. The degree of response to PSGAG is strongly dose-related, with optimal concentrations for increased synthesis occurring at 1000 to 2000 $\mu$g/ml PSGAG. The effects of NaHA were compared to those of PSGAG, both at 1000 $\mu$g/m. The exogenous administration of PSGAG results in a wider range and greater degree of cellular responses than NaHA. Exogenous PSGAG resulted in increased collagen, noncollagen protein, and sulfated GAG synthesis, increased cell proliferation, and decreased NaHA synthesis. However, exogenously administered NaHA only increased collagen and sulfated GAG synthesis and the degree of response was significantly less than the response to PSGAG. This data provides empirical evidence that substantiates and identifies a cellular basis for the beneficial effects of NaHA and PSGAG on equine tendon repair. The results suggest that PSGAG may be a more potent drug for the stimulation or modulation of cell proliferation and ECM in the injured equine SDFT.


title: Discourse of Health Risks and Anti-Racial Diversity

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

publisher: ProQuest Information and Learning, Ann Arbor MI

abstract: This study examines the media coverage of the widely-publicized non-Ebola event in Hamilton during 2001, and its impact on members of the local Hamilton Black community. The study argues that the problematization of the non-Ebola event by both local and national print media stems from the anxiety of Canadians over the growing presence of racial minorities in Canada. The discursive construction of the event as a problem of immigration taps into the experiential consciousness of the public who draws on its racial capacity to make sense of the uncertainty and ambiguity of late modernity. Racism is expressed in the media coverage, but through non-race discourse. The study finds that immigration is problematized through its articulation with future health risks for Canadians. By the same token, racial diversity is disarticulated from its socio-economic benefits to Canadian society. Evidently, the discourse of immigration becomes a substitution for the discourse of anti-racial diversity. Findings show that members of the Black community are skeptical of medical and media systems, not necessarily because these systems are fallible, but largely because of their broader experience as a 'racial Other' in Canadian society. As a response to what members of the Black community have interpreted as exclusionary actions of these institutions, and punitive actions of the 'dominant racial group', 'race' is found to be inverted by Blacks, who gloss over within-group differences, out of resistance. The significance of the study lies in the links it draws between moral panic and risk discourses in perpetuating a late modern strain of racialization in the media.

abstract: Source type:  Electronic(1)


title: Everyday stories: Exploring a storytelling curriculum in kindergarten

contributor: Gabriel, Martha (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Moffatt, Lyndsay (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Gabriel, Martha (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Moffatt, Lyndsay (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 144 application/pdf

abstract:
This study investigates the use of Vivian Paley's storytelling curriculum in a
kindergarten classroom with an action research approach. The teacher and children
engaged in storytelling activities that included telling the story, scribing the story and
acting out the story. The play acting was recorded on video for future reflection by
teacher and students. The findings of the project revealed that the storytelling
curriculum allowed the children and the teacher to learn about language and literacy
based on the interests of the children. The study also found that the storytelling
curriculum supported an emergent, play-based curriculum. It was determined that this
narrative approach allowed reflection on learning together, and deepened the children's
and the teacher's understanding of literacy and of each other. Throughout the
investigation it was discovered that the storytelling curriculum provided opportunities
for authentic assessment. These benefits are recognized as threads that weave together to
make a rich literacy “mat” that enriches the kindergarten classroom.


title: Assessing and managing metalaxyl-m resistant strains of the potato pink rot pathogen Phytophthora erythroseptica in Canada

contributor: Hale, Larry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lacroix, Christian (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Foster, Adam (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Mills, Aaron (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Peters, Rick (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hale, Larry (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Lacroix, Christian (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Foster, Adam (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Al-Mughrab, Khalil I. (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hsiao, Amy (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 100 application/pdf

abstract:
Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethybr. is the causal agent of potato pink rot which
results in a wet rot and complete breakdown of tubers leading to significant yield losses in field and storage settings. Traditionally, products containing metalaxyl and later its enantiomer metalaxyl-m have been used to manage P. erythroseptica. However, in recent years, metalaxyl-m resistant strains of P. erythroseptica have been recovered in the United States and Atlantic Canada. A national survey was conducted from 2013 to 2016 to assess the distribution of metalaxyl m-resistant populations in Canadian potato- producing regions. The survey recovered resistant isolates from Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta. As a result of this survey, resistant isolates were identified for the first time in Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta. Due to the increasing frequency of metalaxyl-m resistant populations there is a need for alternative management strategies. Therefore, registered and experimental fungicides were assessed for the capacity to control the pink rot pathogen in field and storage settings. The fungicides evaluated were metalaxyl-m, oxathiapiprolin, fluopicolide, phosphites, and a biological control agent Bacillus subtilis. The EC50 values (the fungicide concentration inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogen by 50% relative to the 0 μg mL-1 control) for two strains (PE9913; metalaxyl-m sensitive and PE1204; metalaxyl-m resistant) of P. erythroseptica exposed to metalaxyl-m, oxathiapiprolin, fluopicolide, and phosphites were determined using an amended agar assay. The EC50 values were 0.057 and 842.41 ppm, respectively, for the metalaxyl-m sensitive and metalaxyl-m resistant isolates grown on metalaxyl-m amended media. The EC50 values of the metalaxyl-m sensitive and metalaxyl-m resistant isolates exposed to oxathiapiprolin, fluopicolide, or phosphite were <0.0001 ppm, 0.064 to 0.128, and 112.0 to 147.6 ppm, respectively. Field trials were established from 2014 to 2016 to evaluate the fungicides for their efficacy in managing pink rot in the field. Significant control of pink rot was achieved by in-furrow treatments of oxathiapiprolin or fluopicolide, or phosphites applied foliarly. Some pink rot suppression was achieved following application of Bacillus subtilis, but of significantly smaller degree than provided by the other products. Storage trials were established in 2016 and 2017 to assess the capacity of these fungicides to inhibit P. erythroseptica infection of tubers inoculated with zoospores prior to storage. Significant control of pink rot was achieved with treatments of oxathiapiprolin, fluopicolide, phosphites, and to lesser extent Bacillus subtilis under storage conditions. The results of this study show that metalaxyl-m resistant populations of P. erythroseptica are increasing in frequency in Canadian potato-producing regions. However, management of these populations can be achieved with use of currently registered and experimental products in production settings.


title: Clinical, genetic and morphological characterization of congenital myasthenia gravis in the smooth fox terrier

title: Washington State University, 1984 Ann Arbor: UMI

subject: dog diseases

subject: Nervous system diseases

subject: Paralysis

subject: Pathology

subject: Genetics

subject: LETHALS

subject: Muscular diseases

subject: myasthenia gravis

subject: Hereditary diseases

subject: Diseases

subject: inheritance

subject: Genes

subject: DOGS

subject: Smooth Fox Terrier

subject: Canis

subject: Canidae

subject: Fissipeda

subject: carnivores

subject: mammals

subject: vertebrates

subject: Chordata

subject: animals

subject: Non communicable Diseases and Injuries of Animals

subject: Animal Health and Hygiene General

subject: Pets and Companion Animals

subject: Path Micro

abstract: Clinical muscular and neurological signs are described for 13 Smooth Fox Terriers affected with a congenital form of myasthenia gravis. Treatment with a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor in six cases resulted in temporary improvement in muscle strength. From examination of the phenotypes of 132 Smooth Fox Terrier dogs from 25 matings, it was concluded that congenital myasthenia gravis in this breed is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner with complete penetrance. The symbol mg for the gene for myasthenia gravis is proposed. It is a lethal trait. Electron microscopy of the neuromuscular junction of affected dogs revealed fewer synaptic vesicles, shorter postsynaptic membrane, smaller postsynaptic membrane area and a lower ratio of post- to presynaptic membrane length than in normal littermates. Affected dogs also had a significant decrease in mean diameter of type I fibres of the biceps femoris and type I and II fibres of the biceps brachii muscles. [See also VB 54, 6559]..


title: External factors and the evolution of an Island identity : Prince Edward Island views Britain, Canada and the United States, 1763-1839

title: 249 leaves Queen's University Kingston, Ont., 1980

creator:
MacDonald,Edward
Queen's University. Dept. of History

subject:
Prince Edward Island History
To 1873
Prince Edward Island
Social life and customs
History


identifier: Reference Identifier: 9232 ISSN/ISBN: 0612566382

title: Essays on the mobility of goods and people [microform]

title: The University of British Columbia (Canada), 2000 Ottawa: National Library of Canada

subject:
Management
Business costs
Economics
International law
International relations
Foreign aid
International trade
Effects
Immigration
Fiscal policy
Brain drain
Studies
Business

abstract: This thesis comprises three essays on the international movement of merchandise and people. The first essay measures the effects of foreign aid flows on a donor's merchandise exports. On average, donor countries tie approximately 50% of their foreign aid to exports, but the export stimulation of aid may exceed the amount that is directly tied. This essay uses the gravity model of trade to statistically test the link between aid and export expansion. The results suggest that aid is associated with an increase in exports of goods amounting to 120% of the aid. The essay also makes comparisons among donors and finds that Japan, which has drawn harsh criticism for using aid to gain unfair trade advantages, derives less merchandise exports from aid than the average donor. The second essay investigates the effects of immigration on Canada's pattern of trade. I derive three alternative functional forms capturing the relationship between immigration and trade based on the proposition that immigrants use their superior "market intelligence" to exploit new trade opportunities. I then employ province-level trade data with over 150 trading partners to identify immigrant effects and obtain results suggesting that immigrants account for over 10% of Canada's exports. The third essay addresses the question of whether tax differences contribute toward the brain drain from Canada to the U.S. This essay tests whether the U.S.'s lower taxes draw Canadians south by examining a sample of Canadians living in Canada and a sample of Canadians living in the U.S. Using information from these samples I estimate how much these individuals would earn in the opposite country and estimate the taxes they would pay. I find that the people who have the most to gain in income and in tax-savings are the most likely to choose to live in the U.S., and thus corroborate the claim that tax differences contribute toward Canada's brain drain.


title: On the square integrability of some representatins of SU (1, 1)

creator: Concordia University Mathematics and Statistics (Degree grantor)

abstract: We survey the theory of square integrable group representations for the non-compact, semisimple lie group SU(1,1), which has three different series of representations: principal, complementary and discrete. As a result of our survey we conclude that the discrete series representations are the only ones which are square integrable in the classical sense. In addition, we study the square integrability of the principal series representation over the homogeneous spaces SU(1,1)/A and SU(1,1)/N, where A and N are closed subgroups of SU(1,1). This latter is a generalization of an earlier proposal by Perelomov.

abstract: Source type:  Electronic(1)


identifier: Reference Identifier: 8619 ISSN/ISBN: 0315154268

title: An epidemiological study of disease, production and culling in Holstein-Friesian cows [microform]

title: University of Guelph, 1983 Ottawa : National Library of Canada, 1985.

subject: Epidemiology

subject: Metabolic disorders

subject: Genetics

subject: Milk production

subject: predisposition

subject: Intensive husbandry

subject: Lactation

subject: bovine mastitis

subject: ketosis

subject: cattle diseases

subject: cattle

subject: Canada

subject: Ontario

subject: Bos

subject: Bovidae

subject: ruminants

subject: Artiodactyla

subject: ungulates

subject: mammals

subject: vertebrates

subject: Chordata

subject: animals

subject: North America

subject: America

subject: Parasites Vectors Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Animals

subject: Dairy Animals

subject: Animal Husbandry General

subject: Health Management


title: Transportation of animals for slaughter in Canada: Welfare issues and regulatory control

contributor: McKenna, Shawn (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Cockram, Michael (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Dohoo, Ian (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McConkey, Sandra (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Black, Vaughan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: VanLeeuwen, John (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Revie, Crawford (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McConkey, Sandra (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Black, Vaughan (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Mitchell, Malcolm (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 429 application/pdf

abstract: There are a number of factors involved in the transport of animals for slaughter in Canada that can potentially affect the welfare implications of transportation. These include fitness for transport, animal handling, climatic conditions (including vehicle ventilation) and journey duration. Legislation has been put in place as a means of control of industry practices to protect animal welfare during transport. This thesis examines the law relating to the protection of animal welfare during transport in Canada and assesses the impact of legislation in relation to animal welfare. The deliberations of the Canada Agricultural Review Tribunal in terms of its decisions in cases where they heard an appeal against a Notice Of Violation issued by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency for an infringement of Part XII of the Health of Animals Regulations provided one useful source of data with which to assess the effectiveness of the enforcement of the regulations for the protection of animal welfare during transport in Canada. Welfare issues when transporting poultry for slaughter are prominent. This led to a retrospective observational study of the risk factors when transporting broiler chickens for slaughter in Atlantic Canada. Results indicated that there are numerous interrelated risk factors inherent in the transport process affecting mortality during transit in Canada, with the most prominent being the weather conditions in which animals are transported. A significant interaction between the stocking density and the external temperature during transit was identified in the analysis. The mortality risk was higher in cold weather conditions compared with hot weather conditions. At very cold external temperatures, the mortality risk was reduced at high compared with low crate stocking densities, but it still remained higher than that at warmer temperatures. The stocking densities used by the slaughter plant were within the maximum recommended in the Canadian codes of practice for transport of poultry. Environmental conditions of high temperature and high humidity while at the holding barn, as indicated by an apparent equivalent temperature in the ‘high risk’ zone, resulted in a higher mortality risk than when the AET was in the medium or low risk zones. Keeping birds dry during transport results in lower mortality risk than when birds become wet. Large temperature gradients were recorded between the external temperature and that recorded within the trailer during transit and during the holding barn period, particularly in winter conditions when vehicle ventilation openings were most likely to be closed. This indicates a potential for heat stress to occur, even in winter conditions. Improvements in the monitoring and control of the thermal conditions (hot and cold) within trailers and the holding barn would be beneficial in reducing the mortality risk. During extreme weather conditions, consideration should be given to the ability of the equipment and facilities to provide appropriate conditions for the broilers when making decisions as to whether loading and transportation should be undertaken.


title: A genealogy of policy, programs and practices for the management of the child with challenging behaviour in Prince Edward Island, Canada

contributor:
Thorne, Carolyn Marie (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 360 application/pdf

abstract:
Conducted from a poststructural analytic framework, this thesis examines the construction of the child with challenging behaviour as a subject produced in discourse and critically analyzes practices and programs that have aimed to manage this problematic subject. Methodologically, this study utilizes two approaches: a situated genealogy and critical discourse analysis. Engaging a situated Foucauldian genealogical method, I trace this problem in time and in place: Post World War II to the late 1990s in Prince Edward Island, Canada. I have examined how localized policy and competing discourses on Prince Edward Island have been implicated in the production of specific programs and practices for children who have been identified with challenging behaviour. Using critical discourses analysis, I have identified four discourses within which the child with problematic behaviour has been defined and treated, these being discourses of medicine, psychology, education and justice. I have examined data consisting of historical and contemporary documents, policy statements, and analyzed
interviews with practitioners who worked with children with challenging behaviour on PEI during the period of focus. The use of critical discourse analysis in examining the various definitions, ways of thinking, and recommendations put forth concerning the child with challenging behaviour has created an opportunity for me to produce a space in which to think differently about this figure of a child subject whose behaviour is constituted as ‘problematic’. Such an analysis has
illuminated the complexities involved in the shifting nature of the ‘problematic’ child produced in discourse in time, and place. Most importantly, I have considered the implications of the effects this discursive context may has on actual embodied children whose behaviour has put them at odds with the demands of social institutions. I argue that actual children with challenging behaviour move in and out of the institution of education depending on which
discourses are in the ascendant at a particular time. A key finding is that the ‘the child’ with challenging behaviour as a figure of discourse is not just one child; this particular child is constructed within these four discourses (ie medicine, psychology, education and justice) differently at different times and in different places. I suggest that how the various ways the different discourses chosen for this study constitute the  figure of the child with challenging behaviour as problematic helps to define the ‘normal’, the ‘ideal’, either as what they are not, or the reason they are to be separated. The figure of the ‘problem’ child is always being reshaped and requiring different kinds of intervention as a result. Further, this study demonstrates the necessity for engaging in conversations, which
explore critically the effects various interventions have on the embodied child identified with challenging behaviour. Such a view is suggested as a means of challenging naturalized or taken for granted approaches in understandings of the child with challenging behaviour both as a figure constituted by discourse, and also as an embodied child.


title:
Microscopic and metabolomic investigation of Hematodinium sp.
infections in Newfoundland snow crabs, Chionoecetes opilio

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Conboy, Gary (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Cawthorn, Rick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kerr, Russ (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wright, Glenda (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Cawthorn, Rick (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, Dave (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Shields, Jeff (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 458 application/pdf

abstract:
Bitter Crab Disease (BCD) is a fatal disease of crustaceans caused by parasitic syndinian
dinoflagellates of the genus Hematodinium. Over forty species of crustaceans have been
reported as hosts for Hematodinium or Hematodinium-like infections with a worldwide
distribution concentrated in North Pacific and Atlantic oceans. In eastern Canada BCD was first
reported in snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio from Conception Bay, Newfoundland in 1990 with
very low disease prevalence (<0.11 – 3.7%). Subsequently, BCD has spread rapidly within the
eastern and northeastern bays of Newfoundland and Labrador and has resulted in at least three
epizootic disease outbreaks with prevalence up to 25% in some subpopulations of snow crabs.
Hematodinium infections can be presumptively diagnosed macroscopically via visual
examination in many affected species, including snow crabs, due to characteristic discolorations
of the carapace and/or arthrodial membranes. Specific detection of Hematodinium spp. via
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays is another diagnostic method used for the diagnosis of
infection in various crustacean hosts. In our study, 100% of mild infections (1/1), 40% of
infections with moderate infection intensity (2/5), 11-22% of advanced infections (1 or 2/9) had
false negative test results while no very advanced infections (0/13) had false-negative test
results for diagnosis by visual exam or PCR assay. These findings suggest that diagnosis by visual
exam or PCR assay is less accurate in the early stages of BCD and both diagnostic tests
underestimated the prevalence of Hematodinium infection in Atlantic Canadian snow crab by
1.25 – 1.76%.
Light microscopic examination of parasite life stages of Hematodinium sp. infections of varying
intensity revealed changes in proportions of multinucleate plasmodia. In snow crabs with
infections of mild intensity (early BCD infections) the parasitic life stages had a high proportion
of multinucleate plasmodia and had enhanced cytoplasmic basophilia, changes suggestive of
rapid cellular proliferation. Moderately intense infections were predominated by uninucleate
cells. In advanced and very advanced infection intensities (late BCD infections) there appeared
to be a progressive increase in proportion of multinucleate life stages, suggestive of a
resurgence of parasitic proliferation and/or impaired cytokinesis (possibly due to reduced host
resources).
The uninucleate and multinucleate life stages were most often amoeboid in shape; vermiform
plasmodial life stages were also observed, typically in heavily infected animals. The vermiform
plasmodia were often intimately associated with cell surfaces, most commonly in the heart and
also rarely in the eyestalk, gill, and leg. Ultrastructural examination of these attached
vermiform plasmodia revealed cytoplasmic extensions which interdigitated with host cell
membranes and which occasionally appeared to form connections between parasite cell
bodies. Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro life stages of Hematodinium isolated from snow
crabs suggests that in vitro sheet-like and arachnoid plasmodia may represent exaggerations of
amoeboid plasmodia and attached vermiform plasmodial life stages observed in vivo. The rapid proliferation of the Hematodinium parasites in hemolymph and the parasites’ high
metabolic requirements during growth have been reported to decrease the hosts’ protein and
carbohydrate reserves and contribute to host morbidity and eventual mortality. Our research
concurs with these findings and indicates that BCD is associated with depletion of protein
(reduction in hemolymph refractive index) and carbohydrate (reduced reserve inclusion scores)
metabolic reserves as well as potentially altering host lipid metabolism. Several BCD-associated
phospholipids were identified in this study. These BCD-associated phospholipids could
contribute to the bitter taste associated with this disease. Additionally, BCD-associated
phospholipids could contribute to the apparent lack of a cellular immune response against
Hematodinium.
A histopathologic study of Newfoundland snow crabs confirmed that BCD was the most
significant infectious cause of internal disease in the populations examined. Two patterns of
necrotizing and ulcerative enteritis were also observed in this study: focal ulcers at the level of
the midgut-hindgut junction and more extensive areas of enteritis in the non-chitinized midgut
epithelium. The cause of these lesions is unclear; hypoxia/ischemia and/or infection with
pathogenic Vibrio bacteria are possible contributing factors in lesion development. There was
no significant difference in the prevalence of hemocytic aggregates between Hematodinium
infected snow crabs and uninfected snow crabs suggesting that the hemocytic aggregates were
background lesions unrelated to Hematodinium infection. No significant difference in the
prevalence of intestinal inflammation (midgut-hindgut junctional ulcers or midgut necrotizing
enteritis) or in the prevalence of hemocytic aggregates between BCD- and BCD+ snow crabs
was observed. When the data from both bays that contain cases of BCD were combined, higher
prevalence of one pattern of inflammation (midgut-hindgut junctional ulcers) was seen in snow
crabs without BCD. There was also no significant difference in the prevalence of hemocytic
aggregates between Hematodinium-infected snow crabs and uninfected snow crabs, suggesting
that hemocytic aggregates observed in animals with BCD were background lesions unrelated to
Hematodinium infection.
This study confirms that BCD is associated with alterations in protein, glycogen, and lipid
metabolism consistent with parasite-associated negative energy balance (i.e., starvation) in
affected snow crabs. Histologic examination of BCD infected snow crabs revealed vacuolar
degeneration in hepatopancreatic epithelium although there was no definitive evidence of
parasite-associated inflammation or tissue necrosis. These findings indicate that the main
pathologic effects of BCD are metabolic in nature.


title: Fear of falling, physical activity volume, and stage of motivational readiness to change physical activity behaviour in adults in late midlife

contributor: McInnis-Perry, Gloria (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Montelpare, William (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Weeks, Lori (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Murray, Christina (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McInnis-Perry, Gloria (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Montelpare, William (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Weeks, Lori (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Helpard, Heather (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 141 application/pdf

abstract:
The purpose of this research was to study the fear of falling, physical activity levels, and interest
in increasing physical activity in adults between the ages of 50 and 70. Fear of falling (FOF) was
operationalized as falls efficacy. Intensity, type, and time of physical activity (PA) levels were
measured for men and women. Moderate and vigorous intensities of physical activity (MVPA)
were studied in terms of national guidelines for MVPA, domains of PA were work, travel, and
recreation, and PA time was measured in minutes per week for each type and intensity, and
converted to energy expenditure. Interest in increasing PA was represented by Stages of
Motivational Readiness to Change Physical Activity Behaviour (SOC). A survey using online
and paper methods was conducted in Prince Edward Island, with 147 participants. The main
findings included three predictive models of FOF found through multiple linear regression
analysis. Common to these models was that women in lower socioeconomic levels are at higher
risk of FOF in this cohort. When combined with lower recreational PA in terms of either
intensity or volume (intensity, type, and duration), or lower interest in increasing PA, women in
lower socioeconomic levels were at an even greater risk of FOF and falls.


title: Pathological effects of Cryptocotyle lingua in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) treated with dexamethasone

contributor: University of Prince Edward Island Department of Pathology and Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Degree grantor)

contributor: Daoust, Pierre-Yves (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Conboy, Gary (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lopez, Alfonso (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Runyon, Caroline (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Burton, Shelley (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Cawthorn, Richard (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Runyon, Caroline (Examination Committee Member)

abstract:
An association between large proportions of intestinal parasites, particularly trematodes,
found in dead emaciateû cornmon loom (Govio immer) and other avian species, suggests
that parasites can cause or contribute to a debilitating proces that results in the demise of
wild, fiee-ranging seabirds. Since concurrent etiologies can contribute to the mortality of
seabirds, determination of the temiinal cause of death is a wmplex process, particularly in
chronically debilitated birds. Evaluation of the effects of a single etiology helps assess the
extmt of its involvement in the death of the birds. One observation reported in dead
common loons, the large numbers of Cryptocotyle lingua found in weak birds, suggests that
an underlying disease problern may cause impairment of the immune system of the birds that
leads to an increased degree of parasitism, causing Mer debilitation. This study intended
to replicate the infection caused by C. lingun, an intestinal trematode nomally present in
small numbers in adult seabirds that die in good body condition, with no signs of a
debilitating disease. Replication of the infection caused by C. lingua was conducted in
immunocompetent and immunosuppressed seabirds, specifically doublecrested comorants,
Phalacrocorax aunlus. The birds were collected hm a wild colony at 2 weeks of age and
raised in captivity until the experimental trial began at 2 months of age. A total of 31
doublecrested cornorants @CC) were divided into 4 different treatment pups: an
immunosuppressed/infecteâ group (n=8), an immunosuppressed/nnon-infected group (n=7),
a non-immunosuppressed/infected group (n=8) and a non-inimunosuppressed/non-infected
group (n=8).
The immunosuppression of the birds involved administration of dexamethasone before
and during the experimental infection with C. lingua and was confïnned through evaluation
of the cellular and humoral responses. A phytohemagglutinin-P skin test showed that DCC
treated with dexarnethasone had an impairecl T ce11 response (pe0.01). A slightly decreased
production of antibodies against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) @<0.05), and severe
lymphoid depletion of the bursaofFabricius in treated DCC (pC0.0 1) indicated a detrimental
effect on humoral irnmunity caused by dexamethasone. Heterophilia was ah associated
with the treatment with dexarnethasone.
Infection of the DCC was accomplished by oral administration of large numbers of C.
linguu metacercariae. A previous pilot study showed that the administration of metacercariae
obtained fkom the fins and tails of fish that inhabit the waters around Prince Edward Island,
Canada, successfiilly produces an infection in DCC. Adult C. lingua are present in the DCC
4 days afler inoculation of the metacercariae me-patent period) and can rernain there for at
least 6-7 days (patent period).
An increase in the total number of adult C. Iinguu found in the intestine of
immunosuppressed DCC suggests that a decreased immune response leads to higher
parasite loads in seabirds. However, no pathological or clinical effects were observeâ in
association to the parasite, which seems to indicate the benign nature of infection by C.
lingua.


title: Zooplankton communities in Canadian ports: Composition, relative abundance and occurrence of invasive species

contributor: McNiven, Mary (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Davidson, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Locke, Andrea (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Dumas, Andre (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Davidson, Jeff (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Cox, Ruth (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Teather, Kevin (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 117 application/pdf

abstract:
Aquatic invasive species (AIS) cause significant damage to their host ecosystems, altering habitats and native species dynamics. Initiatives to improve our understanding and management of leading stressors of ecosystems like AIS are being developed through collaborative research within the Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network (CAISN). This thesis was developed in the context of preventing or reducing dispersal of AIS, facilitating early detection tools to rapidly and effectively identify AIS. In fact, one of the priorities of CAISN aimed at comparing results of several different approaches using traditional and molecular taxonomy to support the development of a national surveillance program.
The overarching objective of this thesis was to identify zooplankton species from 16 “high risk ports” based on shipping traffic and ballast water discharges across Canada, four in each of the four coastal regions (Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Great Lakes). Zooplankton collections were conducted by four different CAISN teams, one for each region. 250μm mesh plankton net was used by means of oblique tows during summer periods of 2011 and 2012. The zooplankton was immediately preserved in 95% ethanol and fractioned for parallel projects including traditional and molecular taxonomy. A target taxonomic group (crustaceans) with a global invasion history was studied using a dissecting microscopic. As a result, approximately 14,400 specimens and 86 different taxa, 81 of which were crustaceans, have been identified to their lowest taxonomic level and reference list are provided. Among those, 13 NIS were identified, including Carcinus maenas, the green crab and Cercopagis pengoi, the fishhook waterflea. The number of NIS identified was fairly conservative considering the number of known NIS in each coastal region of Canada. Ordination tests were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities among ports and regions, and regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between propagule pressure and NIS occurrence. Considerable variation was found among and within regions and significant relationships (albeit modest) between propagule pressure (measured as ship traffic) and the number of NIS were found. Overall, the Artic and Atlantic Oceans were the most different and the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans were the most similar in terms of zooplankton composition. No significant relationships existed when the relative abundance of zooplankton were analysed but significant relationships existed when the number of NIS were analyzed. A separate analysis focused on the comparison among samples and ports of the Atlantic region. A first inventory list of plankton communities associated to ports in this region was developed and ordination analyses were used to assess their level of similarity. Overall, Port Hawkesbury and Halifax Harbour were the most similar and Bayside and Sept-Iles were the most different in terms of zooplankton composition. The data from the 16 ports included in this thesis will be deposited in a National AIS database providing baseline information to support future policy development, and studies on vectors and environmental assessments.


title: Synthesis and characterization of terpyridinebased coordination polymers

contributor: Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Bissessur, Rabin (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Etkin, Nola (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Wagner, Brian (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Ahmadi, Ali (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hsiao, Amy (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 108 application/pdf

abstract:
Utilizing a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, a novel bisterpyridine
compound containing a high degree of conjugation was synthesized. This
compound was then used along with a series of transition metal compounds to create a
series of coordination polymers. The metals used in this series were iron, resulting in a
deep purple compound; nickel, resulting in a pale yellow compound; zinc, resulting in a
slightly pink, off white compound; cobalt, resulting in a vibrant turquoise compound;
copper, resulting in a dark pastel green compound; and ruthenium, resulting in a dark red
compound.
The iron coordination polymer was characterized using NMR spectroscopy, and
was estimated to possess a molecular weight just under 40,000 g/mol using viscometric
analysis. Conductivity measurements were performed on the iron polymer, the results of
which unfortunately showed no conductivity. The thermal properties of the iron
coordination polymer were also examined, and using TGA it was found to undergo two
major decompositions at approximately 460 °C and 485 °C losing 11.27% and 55.04%
mass respectively. It was also observed to undergo a glass transition at -37.86 °C.
The full polymer series was examined using NMR spectroscopy, and several of
the compounds were also examined using EPR spectroscopy. Several of the polymers
were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, and the zinc polymer displayed an
unexpected fluorescence enhancement of nearly five times over the uncoordinated
monomer. Quantum yield experiments determined that this polymer has a quantum yield
of 0.33%.


title: The moral ideals of care and respect: A hermeneutic inquiry into adolescents; environmental ethics and moral functioning

contributor:
Beringer, Almut (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

format: NO_OBJ electronic application/pdf

subject: Natural Resources

abstract: 1 v (UMI)09303691


title: Effect of water temperature on the immune response of American lobster (Homarus americanus) experimentally infected with white spot syndrome virus

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Byrne, Phil (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wright, Glenda (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Clark, Fraser (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bate, Luis (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Wright, Glenda (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, Andy (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 184 application/pdf

abstract: Water temperature influences basic life history traits of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) such as survival, growth and reproduction. Yet, relatively little is known about the effects of water temperature on the immune response of H. americanus. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is currently one of the largest impediments to the shrimp aquaculture industry worldwide. The World Organization for Animal Health (Office International de Epizootic; OIE) lists WSSV as a notifiable disease with the potential to infect all crustacean decapods. This project investigates the constraints imposed by a range of temperatures (10 oC, 15 oC, 17.5 oC, 20 oC) on the clinical, tissue and molecular immune responses of H. americanus experimentally infected with WSSV. Haemocyte concentration and qPCR testing of haemolymph were used to monitor the host’s clinical response over time and to determine presence of viral infection, respectively. A decrease in clinical condition of H. americanus was observed at 17.5 oC and 20 oC but not at 10 oC and 15 oC. WSSV-qPCR revealed viral amplification was associated with higher ambient temperature. A combination of light and electron microscopy, as well as qPCR testing of various tissues was used to elucidate changes within infected H. americanus at the various temperatures. Of the 11 host tissues examined, hypertrophied nuclei (indicative of WSSV infection) were most easily identifiable within the antennal gland and intestine of infected animals at warmer temperatures (17.5 oC and 20 oC). At colder temperatures (10 oC) no WSSV associated histopathological changes were identified in any of the examined tissues. Electron microscopy was used to explore the general ultrastructure of the antennal gland and the confirmed presence of WSSV rod-shaped and enveloped virions. In infected animals the two main regions of the antennal gland, the coelomosac and labyrinth, contained randomly distributed infected nuclei with marginated host chromatin and WSSV virions in various stages of replication. In marine decapods, the antennal gland is involved in osmoregulation and excretion suggesting that the antennal gland may be a preferred site for WSSV viral replication and inclusion within the excretory product. Lastly, a lobster specific microarray was used to monitor transcriptomic changes across 14,592 genes during viral infection at the different temperatures. Using one-way ANOVA analyses, a total of 717 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed between infected and control H. americanus at the various temperatures. Differentially expressed genes included, ribosomal proteins (L27a, L13, L11, and L39), mitogen-activated protein kinase organizer 1, prolyl-4-hydroxylase-alpha, laminin subunit gamma-3, short-chain dehydrogenase and acute phase serum amyloid A. Microarray results were verified using RT-qPCR. Clinical, tissue and molecular immune results from this study provide a thorough assessment of the impact of temperature and WSSV in H. americanus. The use of a range of approaches and experimental temperatures is critical for broadening our understanding of how temperature influences host pathogen interactions in the economically important American lobster H. americanus.


title: The effect of body fatness on the maintenance energy requirements of adult rats

subject: obesity--body fat--energy cost of maintenance--rats--thesis on effect of body fatness on maintenance energy requirement--Muridae--rodents--mammals--vertebrates--Chordata--animals--Physiology of Human Nutrition------------

abstract: In the first experiment adult rats were allowed access to different amounts of diet of high energy density and were allowed to grow until there was a spread of bodyweights of 100 g. Of this difference 50% was fat and 10% was protein. Intakes were then adjusted to maintain a constant bodyweight and energy balance was assessed from changes in body composition. In the second experiment rats were force-fed on excess food for different times and their heat production was estimated by closed-circuit indirect calorimetry. Two groups were overfed and then deprived of food until they reached their initial bodyweight. One of those groups had a protein supplement during the period of weight reduction in an attempt to maintain body protein under negative energy balance. It is concluded that when the main variable is body fat, differences in heat production at energy equilibrium and in deprivation are proportional to bodyweight 0.75. If the conclusion is proved in other animals it has important implications for the interpretation of many experiments in normal and obese animals..


title: A school council's influence on community involvement in a Saskatchewan community

contributor:
Preston, J. P. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)


title: Application of epidemiological methods in health management of farmed warm-water finfish in China

contributor: Sanchez, Javier (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Gardner, Ian A. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: St-Hilaire, Sophie (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Groman, David (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Singh, Kehar (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Spangler, Liz (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Davidson, Jeffrey (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Gardner, Ian A. (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Groman, David (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Gonçalves, Vitor (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 255 application/pdf


title: Niche and off-island strategies for island business: Case studies from Prince Edward Island

contributor: Baldacchino, Godfrey (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Randall, James (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Baldacchino, Godfrey (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Randall, James (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Steinþórsson, Runólfur (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 218 application/pdf

abstract:
This thesis explores niche strategies and off-island, targeted locally owned, small scale
manufacturing companies, and examines the particular opportunities and challenges of doing
business on Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) by case studies of two island companies: Fellow
Earthlings and Island Abbey Foods Ltd. The entrepreneurs of these two companies have
maximized the opportunities and minimized the economic challenges of doing business on the
island. The study discusses economic challenges, such as the small scale island market,
diseconomies of scale, and transportation costs for off-island. Also discussed are the
opportunities of doing business on Prince Edward Island, such as being adjacent to the large U.S.
market, the reduction of tariffs and duties to the U.S.A., the existing local support organizations,
the cohesive relationship among the islanders, and the high quality-of-life on P.E.I. The results
show that Fellow Earthlings’ entrepreneurs found their niche market first hand in foreign
countries and worked towards this market, creating handmade and made-to-order sunglasses as
niche products. Island Abbey Foods Ltd.’s entrepreneur conceived the idea for a niche product,
making dehydrated honey, for which special technologies were necessary, and when the
innovative products materialized, the company had both niche products and a unique technology.
The case studies suggest that light-weight products or reducing the weight of products whilst
manufacturing on the Island may be advantageous when crossing the Confederation Bridge and
off islanding by air. Developing co-partnerships with other companies which have similar
socio-economic demographic customer markets would also be a valid strategy to expand niche
markets for Island entrepreneurs.


title: Streptococcus agalactiae subclinical mastitis epidemiology and control in Colombian dairy herds

contributor: Keefe, Greg (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ceballos, Alejandro (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Chaffer, Marcelo (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez, Juan Carlos (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wichtel, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McKenna, Shawn (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Jayarao, Bhushan (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Sanchez, Javier (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez, Juan Carlos (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Cameron, Marguerite (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 226 application/pdf

abstract:
Bovine subclinical mastitis produced by Streptococcus agalactiae (S.agalactiae) is a
priority in the emerging dairy industries of countries like Colombia. The objective of this
thesis was to provide a comprehensive exploration of the S. agalactiae problem in
Colombian specialized dairy herds, in order to control this prevalent pathogen.
The first research chapter using a longitudinal database from bulk tank milk somatic cell
counts (BTSCC) of the Northern region of Antioquia, showed that milking by hand, fore
stripping, and failing to post-dip were associated with the BTSCC variation. The second
chapter, investigated the herd level risk factors for S.agalactiae Bulk tank milk (BTM)
status of herds from the coffee region of Colombia, indicating that the S. agalactiae BTM
prevalence was 23.4% and 59.6% of the herds were positive at least once during the
study period. Biosecurity variables, milking practices, proportion of cows culled, and
manual milking were associated with the BTM status. The third research chapter, using
quarter-based measurements over two years, determined that 9.7% of the records
experienced S. agalactiae new intramammary infections per lactation (NIMIs), and that
S. agalactiae herd prevalence, milking by hand, previous intramammary infection with
Staphylococcus aureus, age of the cow and days in milk, were associated with the
incidence rate of S.agalactiae NIMIs. The fourth chapter, using two molecular typing
methods, found low molecular variability of S. agalactiae, and suggested a limited
number of sources of infection for these herds, with potential inter-host transmission of
the pathogen. The final chapter, through a clinical trial, found that the cure risk after an
initial treatment with an intramammary product was higher (82.4%) than the intramuscular therapy (65.8%), with no difference in the cure risk of refractory cases
after re-treatment.
These research findings will provide the tools to stablish effective S. agalactiae control
programs in the country in order to improve the milk quality and the well-being of dairy
producers in Colombia.


title: Design and characterization of polyazomethine and polyazomethine containing metals conducting polymers

contributor: Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bissessur, Rabin (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Pearson, Jason (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Bissessur, Rabin (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Pearson, Jason (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Acharya, Bishnu (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hsiao, Amy (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 86 application/pdf

abstract:
A new conjugated aromatic poly (azomethine) has been prepared by polycondensation of
o-Tolidine, 4-Aminophenyl disulfide and 2-Aminophenyl disulfide with
terephthaldehyde. Methods and techniques used for characterization of the polymers
included powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and FT-IR
and Van der Pauw conductivity measurements. The crystallinity of the polymers was
studied by XRD. The polymers were doped with 5% I2 and mixed with HCl or H2SO4,
and their conductivities were determined by the Van der Pauw technique. A comparative
study of the electrical conductivities of polyazomethines and those of their corresponding
polymers was performed.
Certain diimine and diimine metal complexes have been of interest to chemists due to
their broad chemical and biochemical applications. There has been a vital engagement in
the chemistry of compounds containing O, N; O, S; N, N; N, S and S, S donor atoms
owing to the industrial, antitumor, antiviral and antimalarial activity of the complexes
derived from them. The disulfide group is well recognized as a potential binding site for
metal ions in biological systems due to the high affinity to attract heavy metals. Lately,
investigations have been focused towards an understanding of reactions of metals with
ligands containing the disulfide group.
We have succeeded in the synthesis of nine complexes that have been shown to be
conductive. All the polymers present amorphous behavior in XRD. Most of the
iii
polyazomethine known has a lower solubility, which we confirmed for all the polymers.
Thermal gravimetric analysis and FT-IR were studied to prove that polymers syntheses.
Electrical conductivity measurements were performed by using Van der Pauw technique
and the conductivity after doping was enhanced from 10-12 to 10-4 S cm-1.


title: Neurotransmission of visceral information in the parabrachial nucleus of the rat

contributor:
Saleh, Tarek M. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)


title: Exploring the use of math logs in a grade 6 classroom

contributor: Brookes, Anne Louise (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 143 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Mathematics
Education, Curriculum and Instruction

abstract: A variety of qualitative methods were employed to study the effectiveness of using math logs in a grade six mathematics classroom.

abstract: Math logs were employed to help students write about their math experiences and thus generate, comprehend, and express mathematical ideas and knowledge. Math logs were also used to help the teacher pinpoint math problem areas, and assess and monitor students' understanding of the math concepts covered each day. These logs provided students with a forum to think and discuss their thoughts, actively involved them in reasoning, and encouraged them to ask questions, reflect, and explore the many uses of language. Math logs ensured there was daily communication happening between student and teacher in the form of a written conversation.

abstract: Log entries were developed to match the learning goals of math lessons. Students and teacher communicated through these math logs entries each day for a period of eight weeks. Teacher and students were constantly assessing the value of the exercise and discussing ways to further improve the math logs. The views of the students and teacher were of paramount importance when analyzing the data collected. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-04, page: 0822.

abstract: Adviser: Gerry Hopkirk.


title: Exposing regimes of truth in ADHD: The Ancient Mariner speaks

contributor:
Stordy, Marion (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 120 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Special

abstract: This thesis considers the negative impact of the label Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on students in schools. It argues that the label contributes to the marginalization and exclusion, rather than the inclusion, of students. Drawing on the work of Michel Foucault, the label is explored through a genealogy that reveals ADHD as one of the regimes of truth established by society. A consideration of the educational experiences of three generations of my family (myself, my son and my grandson), illustrates the increasing pathologizing of children's behaviour, particularly that of boys, during the last thirty years. The thesis provides a critique of the label ADHD.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3168.


title: Factors affecting the welfare of non-racing horses in Prince Edward Island

contributor: Dohoo, Ian (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McNiven, Mary (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Riley, Chris (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bate, Luis (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 164 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: In North America, there are few representative, horse level data about the general welfare of horses (including prevalence of some specific welfare concerns). To help address this deficit, in the summer of 2002, a survey was conducted of the welfare and management of 312 non-racing horses (ponies, miniature horses, draft horses, and other horses that are not race horses) in Prince Edward Island, Canada. One hundred and seventeen horse owners were recruited by a random phone book search (response rate 68.4% among respondents owning horses).

abstract: Demographic data, information about management practices and data on the occurrence of stereotypic behaviour were collected through a pre-tested questionnaire. Equine health was assessed by the study veterinarian during a site visit, and fecal samples were taken to determine strongyle egg count.

abstract: The effect of management on equine welfare was further assessed using two welfare-related endpoints: occurrence of stereotypic behaviour, and body condition score. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0498.

abstract: Adviser:  Caroline Hewson.


title: Farm management practices and their associations to productivity in Prince Edward Island (PEI) mussel farms

contributor: Spangler, Liz (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Stryhn, Henrik (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnson, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 88 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Veterinary Science
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The mussel industry of Prince Edward Island (PEI) has grown rapidly over the last 25 years by adapting the subsurface longline system. Presently there are limited coastal sites that can support new farming operations across PEI. It remains unclear whether variation in production is mainly related to environmental factors or longline setup. A multi-year (2002-2004) survey was conducted in Tracadie Bay; as well as across PEI in 2003 to (1) document longlines design variability and (2) quantify its potential association on productivity. In 2004, a controlled trial investigated the effect of sock spacings on productivity of mussel socks in Tracadie Bay. Results from the multi-year survey showed that longline setup varied temporally over the three years: sock spacing increased by 30% and was directly correlated to a 28% reduction in lease stocking density. This change coincided with the implementation of an adaptive bay management plan, which limited lease stocking density to 12 socks/100 m². Regression analyses from our multi-year survey showed that sock spacing was positively associated to sock weight (2002) and condition index (2004). Our models suggested that for every 10 cm increase in sock spacing, sock weight increased by 1.24 kg and condition index by 1.59 respectively. Across PEI, analyses showed a correlation between sock spacing and stocking density in association to the total farming area at the bay scale. The magnitude of the adjustment was important, with an increase in sock spacing of 2.6 cm and a decline of 5.6 socks/100 m² for each additional 100 hectares in farm coverage within a given bay. A third correlation indicated that the condition index was also negatively correlated within embayments characterized by extensive farm coverage compared to those with little farming development. Multiple regression analysis from this survey also revealed variability in sock weights across PEI leases, while longline setup was also highly variable. Results from our controlled trial showed that shell growth and survival were positively associated with higher sock spacing treatments (Tx 80) at two of the four sites. Shell growth increased by 8% and 7% respectively, while survival was 42% and 17% higher, when comparing higher sock spacing (Tx 80) to lower sock spacings (Tx 10) of cultured mussels. Sites where all management strategies (i.e. socking density and seed size) were kept constant displayed no association to sock spacing treatments. The significant differences between sock spacing treatments at two of the four sites may be due to high initial socking density and smaller seed size. These sites were characterized as having 58% and 47% more mussels per meter and initial shell lengths were on average 46% and 23% smaller in comparison to the sites that displayed no association. Our results have shown that simple management strategies such as increasing sock spacing at the lease level can have a substantial influence on productivity. These studies have also generated information for aquaculturists on the relative cost and benefits of longline design and their associations to productivity. Further development of the PEI mussel industry is dependent upon optimal usage of coastal inlets.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-03, page: 1405.


title: Farm management risk factors for swine respiratory disease

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: In an attempt to explain the relationship between farm management and respiratory disease, a study was undertaken to look at management practices on Prince Edward Island pig farms. Multivariable analyses were used to define the relationship between farm management variables, enzootic pneumonia, and pleuritis.

abstract: Respiratory disease data were obtained from slaughter examination of thoracic viscera. Trained technicians scored the lungs. The sensitivity and specificity of the gross visual examination was determined.

abstract: Three farm types had s significant relationship with enzootic pneumonia. Those farms that tended to mix pigs from different sources, that floor fed their pigs, and larger farms which made their own feed, and mixed and held slow growing pigs back, all had higher odds of having enzootic pneumonia.

abstract: Only two farm types, those that bought pigs from multiple sources, and those that employed floor feeding had a positive significant association with the prevalence of enzootic pneumonia.

abstract: There was no statistically significant relationship between the farm types and an increase in pleuritis prevalence on farms which had some pigs with pleuritis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-03, page: 0661.


title: Fluorescence based trace detection of pesticides using supramolecular hosts, UV photolysis and synchronous scanning

contributor: Linkletter (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kerr, Russ (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 134 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Chemistry, Analytical
Environmental Sciences

abstract: Traditional methods of pesticide detection used on Prince Edward Island (PEI) are very expensive and time consuming. These methods are typically only useful after harm has been done to the environment, and cannot be used in prevention. A new method for rapid, on-site detection of these pesticides would not only be of value financially, it could also prove to be essential in preventative measures, for example by monitoring streams. Fluorescence, the light emitted by electronically excited molecules, is a highly sensitive technique for detecting and measuring the concentration of molecules in solution. Most pesticides used on Prince Edward Island show only weak native fluorescence in water. However by forming a supramolecular host:guest inclusion complex, in which the pesticide "guest" becomes included within the internal cavity of an organic host molecule, this fluorescence is increased for many guest molecules. In some cases, this enhancement of the fluorescence might be sufficiently large enough to allow for the development of a fluorescence-based trace analysis technique with sensitivity in the required ppb level. In this project, native and modified cyclodextrins and their effect on the fluorescence of a series of pesticides used on PEI, specifically carbofuran, carbaryl and chlorothalonil along with five others, is measured with results varying from 670 parts per trillion for carbaryl to 69 ppb for Chlorothalonil. In addition, UV photolysis of certain pesticides can also lead to enhanced fluorescence such as azoxystrobin and imidacloprid, and thus also be a technique used in the trace detection of pesticides. This occurs via creation of a more highly fluorescent molecule from a previously non- fluorescent or weakly fluorescent pesticide. Synchronous scanning, a method of measuring fluorescence by scanning both excitation and emission wavelengths simultaneously, which results in narrower measured emission bands is also examined in detail to separate fluorescent bands of similar emission wavelengths, and thus simultaneously measure a set of two or more pesticides in solution. Overall, the main goal of this work is to develop a sensitive, enhanced fluorescence based trace analysis technique for pesticides, which could eventually be carried out using a portable fluorimeter, so that samples could be analyzed on site, in a matter of minutes, rather than in a lab over a period of days.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-06, page: 3673.


title: Fluorescence investigations of the supramolecular host-guest inclusion complexes of cucurbit[7]uril and sulfonic calixarenes

contributor:
Stojanovic, Natasa (author)
Wagner, Brain (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 103 electronic application/pdf

subject: Chemistry, Physical

abstract: Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the supramolecular host properties of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and water soluble sulfonic calixarenes and to identify the useful properties of these compounds as potential supramolecular hosts.

abstract: The significant enhancement of the fluorescence of 2,6-ANS by CB[7], by a factor of 25, was observed in both potassium phosphate buffer and 0.2 M Na2SO4 solutions. Results suggest that a much stronger complex is formed between 2,6-ANS and CB[7] as compared with CB[6]. CB[7] is seen to have significantly improved host properties over the original cucurbituril, CB[6], as a result of its more spacious internal cavity.

abstract: The results obtained by studying the complexation of 1,8-ANS with CB[7] are very different from those with 2,6-ANS.

abstract: The time-resolved fluorescence studies showed that the fluorescence decay curve of the inclusion complexes of 2,6-ANS molecule is best described by a two-exponential fit decay, indicating that at least two different types of 1:1 complexes exist, and illustrating that these host-guest inclusion systems are heterogeneous. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 41-02, page: 0550.

abstract: Adviser: Brian D. Wagner.


title: Food and health perceptions and practices of Mi'Kmaq children and youth in Prince Edward Island

contributor: Taylor, Jennifer (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: O'Donoghue, Fiona (Supervisory Committee Member)

subject:
Health Sciences, Nutrition
Health Sciences, Public Health

abstract: Objectives. The purpose of this study was to (1) to describe dietary behaviours and (2) to determine the frequency of consumption of common foods in the diets of Aboriginal children and youth living in Mi'kmaq First Nation communities in Prince Edward Island, Canada.

abstract: Design. A mixed methods study design was used. Data was collected on nutrition perceptions and practices as part of a larger study of health perceptions and behaviours in Mi'kmaq children and youth aged 0-18 years through interviews with the children and their caregivers. Daily and weekly consumption of foods was assessed using previously validated food frequency questionnaires, the Eating Behavior Survey (EBS) and the Harvard Food Service Food Frequency Questionnaire (HSFFQ).

abstract: Results. Several common themes emerged from comments from the children and youth, including: food as a determinant of health; family meals; traditional foods; physical activity; and weight. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1340.


title: Fresh and frozen storage of salmonid spermatozoa

contributor: Curtis, Robert A. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnson, Gerald (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnston, Edward (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Richardson, Gavin (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 91 electronic application/pdf

subject: Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate techniques for fresh and frozen storage of salmonid spermatozoa and develop methods to assess sperm viability following storage. Three in vitro methods (motility, fluorometry, and enzyme leakage) were evaluated. Fluorometry and motility were simpler to perform than enzyme leakage and gave reliable results. Motility and fluorometry measurements indicated that semen stored above the oxygenated fluorocarbon layer exhibited significantly (p $<$ 0.05) longer duration of motility and significantly (p $<$ 0.05) lower proportions of dead spermatozoa after 37 days of storage. Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase leakage did not identify any one treatment as superior for semen storage and was difficult to perform. Fifteen diluents (five extenders x three levels of cryoprotectant) were evaluated to cryopreserve Atlantic salmon semen and two superior diluents as identified by fluorometry were used to cryopreserve spermatozoa from six individual fish at a freezing rate of $-$30$\sp\circ$C per minute to $-$196$\sp\circ$C. There was a significant difference (p $<$ 0.05) detected by fluorometry in the post-thaw viability of spermatozoa from the six fish. Motility and LDH leakage indicated non-significant relationships in the post-thaw viability of spermatozoa from the six fish. A new cryoprotectant, dimethyl acetamide (DMA) was evaluated as a cryoprotective agent for rainbow trout semen.

abstract: A combination of fluorometry and motility are recommended to assess the viability of stored spermatozoa of salmonids to predict fertility. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-03, page: 0596.


title: From Sisyphus to Metis: The Transformative Power of Literary Metissage

contributor:
Wigmore, Donna (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 122 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Language and Literature
Literature, Modern
Education, Curriculum and Instruction

abstract: This thesis is a heart centered literary métissage. The name literary métissage takes the word Métis and reclaims it from its pejorative use, meaning half-breed, and refers back instead to the Greek goddess Métis, who was a shapeshifter and the first wife of Zeus. The word also refers back to mixticius, the Latin for the weaving of cloth from different fibres. Literary métissage is a braiding together of pieces of writing, usually by different authors, to allow the braiding or weaving of the works together to reveal something new, beyond what each piece says on its own.

abstract: This thesis is a collection of stories have been told again and again over the course of many years. In this process of retelling, the stories themselves became reified. To bring them back to life, they had to be approached from new angles with new ways of writing. It was also necessary for a critical consciousness to be brought to this inquiry. Throughout this time, the thesis process was monitored by the use of a researcher's notebook where reflections on the journey and connections between the process of writing and day-to-day life were recorded. It is on this third path of inquiry where the process of transformation began. Through the process of exploring literary métissage, which was a weaving back and forth between memory and a new subjective experience of memory (along with reflection on both of these), a flexible view of self began to evolve. My concept of identity shifted from a single, fixed thing to a multiple, open one. Schwandt (2007) describes the postmodern view of self as "always fragmented, never integrated, never fixed, always becoming" (p. 144). This shift in identity was born out of the gifts of métissage: the blending of literary genres and the flexibility of thinking that comes out of leaving a dualistic perspective. This concept of self made it possible to approach the past in a way that allowed things to be seen that once were invisible.

abstract: Several types of writing were employed to research the memories: poetry, narrative, personal journals, letters, and a researcher's notebook. This mixture of genres proved to be very important to the life of the work and led to discoveries that may not have otherwise been made. Literary métissage embraces a blurring of literary genres. In this work the poems are narratives and the narratives have many poetic qualities. Each genre was used as a tool to help uncover the truths which were being sought.

abstract: This literary métissage is a form of creative memoir that is followed by an exegesis. The exegesis provides an interpretation of the work, grounding it in theory and exploring critical issues related to this kind of writing in education. In the exegesis the literature of life writing is connected to the literature of literary métissage and the attendant issues of identity, memory, and transformation.

abstract: The transformation which came out of my work was initiated by prayer and reflection on writing and memories. Another important catalyst in this process was the connection with other life writers. The perspectives on self of other life writers and the gifts of wisdom which they have brought back from inner journeys have been a guide for my work. I have often felt like Bilbo Baggins, the unlikely hero of The Hobbit, setting off for an adventure somewhat unwittingly. The life writers have been like Gandalf to me, showing up when I was in dire need, and getting me to the next place in my journey. I cannot imagine how I would have managed without them. I am grateful to every writer who has openly shared the experience of life writing. As I wrote my own life and read theirs, the experience became a generous communion.

abstract: It has been my hope that if compassion comes to my father and to myself through this writing, then it would be extended to other veterans and other children of veterans. I offer my writing in the sincere wish that the reader's heart and mind are engaged. Natalie Goldberg explains why we write memoir: "We surrender ourselves so others can feel what we felt and be enlarged" (Goldberg, 2007, p. 147). In this way, I hope to bridge the gap from my particular story to universal stories of war, love and faith. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2072.

abstract: Adviser: Sean Wiebe.


title: Frontal filament morphogenesis in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis

contributor: Wright, Glenda (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, Andrew (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Conboy, Gary (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 104 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Anatomy
Biology, Animal Physiology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: The objective of the present study was to understand how and when the frontal filament (FF) in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis  is produced by examining the sequence of morphological changes leading to FF production in the copepodid and early chalimus stages.

abstract: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were heavily infested with 8 day post-hatch copepodids. Sea lice were sampled prior to infestation and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 days post-infestation (dpi). FF morphogenesis from late copepodid to chalimus II (ie. through 2 moults) was studied using high resolution light microscopy of serial transverse and sagittal resin sections. Some histochemistry of the FF was determined using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue staining. Previous studies by others have shown the FF to consist of a basal plate, stem and external lamina. Three groups of cells, identified as A, B and C, are thought to be involved in the production of the secretions (S1 and S2) which form the filament material. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 38-05, page: 1249.

abstract: Advisers:  John F. Burka; Stewart C. Johnson.


title: Functional characterization of VP1 of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

contributor: Beauregard, M. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Casebolt, D. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hariharan, H. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 118 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Molecular
Biology, Microbiology

abstract: VP1 is an internal polypeptide encoded by segment B of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), which is believed to have RNA dependent RNA polymerase and guanylyl-transferase activities. In order to characterize its functions, experiments were conducted towards expression of VP1 in vitro in a cell-free system. Recombinant plasmids, containing the complete open reading frame of VP1 of IBDV strain OH were transcribed using "Ambion MEGAscript in vitro Transcription Kit". Time course experiments, nucleotide concentration and plasmid DNA concentration optimizations were done to obtain the maximum transcription yield. Recombinant VP1 was expressed in vitro by using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Transcripts concentration optimization reactions were also done to obtain maximum translation yield.

abstract: The recombinant VP1 obtained in cell-free system was further used for assaying the functional activities of VP1. However, no activity could be demonstrated in the recombinant VP1, even after various optimization reactions. To determine whether VP1 has a guanylyl-transferase activity "competition and replacement reactions" with cold and labeled GTP were performed. It was found that even though there was guanylylation of IBDV VP1, this VP1-GMP complex was not reversible and therefore VP1 could not transfer the labeled GMP to an acceptor molecule. Therefore, IBDV VP1 is not a guanylyl-transferase/capping enzyme.

abstract: In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that maximum transcription yield is obtained after 4 hours of incubation at 37.5mM nucleotide concentration. Recombinant VPI of approximately 80 kDa was obtained on analysing by SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography. Efforts to detect for VP1 enzymatic activities utilizing recombinant VP1 were not successful. However, guanylylation activity associated with IBDV VP1 was characterized in detail by utilizing purified IBDV particles. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 34-05, page: 1870.

abstract: Adviser: F. S. B. Kibenge.


title: Gastrointestinal parasites in lactating dairy cattle: Immunological monitoring and its relationship with production

contributor: Vanleeuwen, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Spangler, Liz (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 240 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Gastrointestinal parasitism in cattle, caused mainly by  Ostertagia ostertagi and several species of Cooperia, is an important cause of economic losses worldwide. The most detrimental effects of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are caused by subclinical parasitism. The effect of GIN on milk production was evaluated in a meta-analysis of 75 clinical trials. After controlling for publication bias and/or small study effect, an estimate of 0.35 kg/cow/day was obtained, suggesting that GIN do affect milk production. Historically, the level of GIN has been estimated by using the fecal egg counts (FEC) technique, but this method performs poorly in adult animals. Consequently, other diagnostic techniques have been suggested. One of them is an ELISA using a saline extract of a crude adult O. ostertagi antigen. This ELISA showed a good repeatability within plates and between batches of antigen. The ELISA results were not affected by the use of preservatives or by freezing of the milk samples. ELISA optical density ratios (ODR) and total IgG levels were moderately correlated, with both increasing toward the end of the lactation. After controlling for age, season, herd and SCC, an increase in milk production of 10 kg/day was associated with a reduction of 0.04 in ODR. These findings suggested that ODR values were not greatly influenced by production factors but that they might be adjusted for the level of milk production in order to compare ODR values from cows at different stages of lactation. A bulk tank milk survey of all the diary farms in PEI was carried out during the Fall of 2000. Exposure of cows to pasture and whole herd anthelmintic treatment were associated with ODR levels. An increase in ODR levels from the 25th to the 75th  percentile was associated with a drop in milk production of 1.2 kg/cow/day. These results indicated that this ELISA is a potentially useful diagnostic technique to measure parasite exposure in adult dairy cows and that GIN have an important impact on milk production.

abstract: As part of the evaluation of the ELISA, a longitudinal study was performed where milk, serum and fecal samples were collected from 38 farms. The ODR values increased with cow age and tended to decrease during the housing period and start increasing in the spring before the cows went out to pasture. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: B, page: 4455.

abstract: Adviser: Ian R. Dohoo.


title: Gene expression of infectious salmon anemia virus relevant to understanding its pathogenesis in fish

contributor: Kibenge, Frederick S.B. (Thesis advisor)

contributor: Johnson, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Groman, David (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hammell, Larry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Byrne, Phil (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 22 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Molecular

subject: Biology, Microbiology

subject: Biology, Zoology

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus recently assigned to the genus Isavirus. It is currently the most important viral pathogen threatening commercial salmonid aquaculture in the Northern Hemisphere. The virus causes infectious salmon anemia (ISA) a highly fatal disease in marine farmed Atlantic salmon (AS). The disease is characterized epidemiologically by variable mortalities, grossly by exopthalmia, pale gills and ascites, and microscopically by congestion and hemorrhagic necrosis of internal organs. Difficulties have been reported in reproducing the lesions associated with the infection experimentally and in some cases infected AS are asymptomatic. Also the virus seems to persist in recovered or asymptomatic fish, a phenomenon unusual for other orthomyxoviruses. In this study, in situ hybridization (ISH) was used to monitor the virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo, while histology was used to correlate lesions with presence of viral mRNA.

abstract: ISH conditions were established for the detection of mRNA transcripts of ISAV RNA segments 6–8 in infected TO, SHK-1 and CHSE-214 cell lines. Hybridization signals were observed first in the nucleus and then in the cytoplasm of infected cells, which is consistent with the nuclear transcription and replication of other orthomyxoviruses. Transcription signals were intense and widespread for all three mRNAs in TO cells and in few cells in SHK-1 cells from one day post infection (dpi). In CHSE-214 cells, maximum hybridization signals were seen in the nucleus at 2, 4 and 5 dpi with segments 8, 7 and 6 riboprobes respectively. The earlier transcription of segment 8 and later transcription of segment 7 might suggest that there is a difference in the time requirement and amount of proteins encoded by these segments. ISH with segments 7 and 8 riboprobes, and histology were used to study the relationship between the presence of lesions and viral mRNA in AS liver, spleen, kidney, heart, gills and pyloric caeca collected during clinical phases of the infection. Three groups of AS were infected with three ISAV isolates, two belonging to North American (RPC and CH7) and one to European (NSC) HA genotypes. Lesions consistent with ISA were observed in 100% of spleen, 95% of livers and pyloric caeca, 82% of hearts, 60% of gills and 27% of kidneys. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: B, page: 4422.

abstract: Advisers: Fred Kibenge; Basil Ikede.


title: Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections in domestic livestock: Zoonotic potential, transmission dynamics, and threat to drinking water

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McClure, J (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hurnik, Dan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Dixon, Brent (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Barkema, Herman (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sweet, Lamont (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Abbot, Lewis (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 196 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Health Sciences, Public Health
Health Sciences, Epidemiology

abstract: The main aims of this thesis were to obtain information on the prevalence of zoonotic and host-specific Cryptosporidium and  Giardia in livestock on Prince Edward Island, Canada, to determine if the presence of cattle and pigs increase the levels of Giardia  and Cryptosporidium in source water. Giardia  genotypes and Cryptosporidium species in humans on PEI were also analysed to determine if they were the same as those found in cattle and pigs.

abstract: The role that dairy farms may play in contaminating source water on Prince Edward Island, Canada, with Giardia and Cryptosporidium  is described in Chapter 2. Thirty-two percent and 14% of 752 fecal samples, and 100 and 55% of 20 herds, were positive for Giardia and Cryptosporidium, respectively. Most of the Cryptosporidium  isolates belonged to C. andersoni and  C. bovis. Giardia duodenalis assemblage E was predominant among all cattle age groups, while only 6 and 4% of isolates belonged to assemblages A and B, respectively. Giardia and Cryptosporidium  were detected in 46 and 85% of surface water samples, respectively, while one groundwater sample was positive for Cryptosporidium. All four genotyped Cryptosporidium isolates from water were  C. parvum. This study indicates that dairy cattle were predominantly infected with non-zoonotic species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. However, some surface water sources were contaminated with the zoonotic C. parvum and may represent a threat to the watershed and subsequent disease transmission to humans. Cattle >6 months of age were less likely to be infected with Giardia while there was no significant association between either the location of the farm or the housing type and infection with Giardia. Cattle >6 months of age in free-stall housing were more likely to be infected with  Cryptosporidium species. While there was no impact of age, infection with Cryptosporidium tended to be higher in Queens County.

abstract: Chapter 3 describes the prevalence and genotypes of Giardia and Cryptosporidium on beef farms, including the water sources associated with the farms, and the risk factors for infection of cattle with these parasites. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in 42% and 17% of 739 fecal samples, and 100 and 80% of 20 farms, respectively. G. duodenalis livestock genotype assemblage E predominated (89%). The zoonotic assemblages A and B were found in 4 and 7% of the fecal samples that were genotyped, respectively. Overall, the most common Cryptosporidium species detected in this study was  C. andersoni. Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 14 and 93% of surface water samples of 14 farms, respectively. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in three (15%) ground water samples of 20 farms. Age of animals and location of the farm, were not associated with the risk of infection in cattle with either  Cryptosporidium spp. or G. duodenalis. The presence of zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium and Giardia  in beef cattle represents a potential threat to source water and subsequent disease transmission to humans from these parasites.

abstract: In Chapter 4, the prevalence of infection with Cryptosporidium  and Giardia, and the genotypes and species of isolates, were determined in order to establish the zoonotic potential of pigs. Eighteen herds (86%) and 163 animals (26%; 95% CI: 22-29%) tested positive for  Cryptosporidium, while just 3 herds (14%) and 6 animals (1%; 95% CI: 0.4-2%) tested positive for Giardia. The Cryptosporidium  spp. most isolated among those successfully genotyped, belonged to pig genotype II (61%) and C. suis (36%). Pigs are not a major source of Giardia and the common occurrence of the host-specific genotypes and species of Cryptosporidium, indicate that domestic pigs, likely do not pose a significant health risk to humans from these parasites.

abstract: The species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and  Giardia in livestock were compared with those from humans to determine if zoonotic transmission of these species occurred, in Chapter 5. Overall 22% and 0.5% of human fecal samples were positive for Cryptosporidium  and Giardia respectively. The species of  Cryptosporidium found in humans were C.parvum and  C hominis. C.parvum shedding in humans was more frequent than  C. hominis. Sub-genotyping of C. parvum isolates from beef cattle revealed three sub-genotypes: IIaA16G2R1, IIaA16G3R1 and IIaA15G2R1. Two of these sub-genotypes: IIaA16G2R1 and IIaA15G2R1 were also found in humans. The results indicate that prevalences of the zoonotic species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giradia in the herds sampled in this study were low. However, the data suggests zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium to humans on PEI and that cattle are the possible source of the parasite.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: B, page: 3494.

abstract: Adviser: J. T. McClure.


title: Health parameters of three terrestrial wildlife species harvested by Innu hunters in Labrador, Canada, in relation to tissue concentrations of environmental contaminants

contributor: Ikede, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, Andrew (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McBurney, Scott (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 265 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Environmental Sciences
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: It has been shown that environmental contaminants such as metals and organochlorines (OC) have the potential to cause a wide range of negative health effects in numerous animal species.

abstract: The general purpose of this study was to assess, in collaboration with Innu hunters and their families, the health of important wildlife species harvested by Innu hunters in Labrador in relation to tissue concentrations of environmental contaminants measured in the animals.

abstract: Specific objectives included: identifying, through harvest surveys, wildlife species important to the community members; assessing the overall health of each species by measuring selected health parameters in animals killed during regular seasonal hunts; determining tissue concentrations of a variety of common environmental contaminants in the animals; and assessing the relationship between contaminant concentrations and health parameters for each species, using multiple regression analyses. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1302.


title: Hepatocellular cytoprotection against the pathobiologic effects of thiacetarsamide in vitro and in vivo using N-acetyl-L-cysteine

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Thesis advisor)

contributor: Novotny, Mark (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Daous, Pierre (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 172 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: This project investigated N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) for its effect on T-induced cytotoxicity in vitro using NCTC 1465 (murine transformed hepatoma) cell culture. Sigmoid lethality concentration curves (LC) were established for T using varying times of exposure to T, incubation following exposure, and varying concentrations of T. An LC$\sb{50}$ was consistently found between the (1 to 3X) of T with 4 hours exposure and 24 hours incubation. A series of 3 experiments were performed with simultaneous of NAC and T. NAC was in the media during the exposure to T (4 hr) in the first, during the incubation (24 hr) in the second, and during both (28 hr) in the third. Cytoprotection in all three experiments was found as a shift of LC curves to the right using the (1 to 10X) of NAC.

abstract: Pretreatment effects of NAC and dextrose (D) upon hepatocellular toxicity of T in vivo, in normal dogs, were also investigated. Thiacetarsamide caused a predominance of periportal (acinar zone 1) hepatocellular necrosis with accompanying inflammation. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0557.