identifier: Burnell, E. Elliott <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Burnell=3AE=2E_Elliott=3A=3A.html>   (1968) Studies in stereochemistry by nuclear magnetic resonance.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is used to help solve two independent problems:- (i) The kinetic isomerization of β-aminocrotononitrile in both solid and solution phases is studied by using the relative intensity of the cis and trans methyl peaks from the n.m.r. At temperatures below 46°C, a solid state equilibrium of >95% cis isomer is formed, and above 46°C a 1:1 mixture of the two isomers forms as the compound slowly fuses. In solution, the trans isomer appears more stable at any temperature. The studies indicate  β-aminocrotononitrile exists as either a pure cis monomer, or as a dimer or polymer of the cis and trans isomers. Dilution studies, acid catalysed kinetics, deuterium isotope effect studies, etc., support this observation. The structure of this dimer is proposed, and a reaction scheme supporting the experimental results suggested. (ii) Several ethyl ethers with an asymmetric centre next to the oxygen atom are studied by n.m.r. In each case, the methylene protons of the ethyl groups are non-equivalent, the chemical shift between them being about 20 cycles (at 60mc). This non-equivalence is attributed not only to the asymmetry of the carbon atom, but also to the induced asymmetry of the lone-pair electrons on the ether oxygen.


identifier: Hodder, Vincent MacKay <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hodder=3AVincent_MacKay=3A=3A.html>   (1962) Assessments of the effects of fishing and of increases in the mesh size of trawls on the major commercial fisheries of the Newfoundland area (ICNAF subarea 3).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract: A method, described by Gulland (1961), for estimating the effects on fisheries of changes in gear selectivity is reviewed and applied to data of the major commercial fisheries of the Newfoundland Area (ICNAF Subarea 3). Methods of estimating the essential parameters are also briefly- described. The changes in gear considered are in reality increases in the mesh size of trawls, the other gear components remaining unchanged. -- For assessment purposes the subarea has been divided into several regions, largely on the basis of a knowledge of the cod stocks, and the fisheries in them have been considered separately. Some evaluation of the effects of fishing on the cod and haddock stocks has been made, and for these fisheries both immediate and long-term assessments of increases in the mesh size of trawls have been computed. Also given are the effects of such mesh size changes on the landings by gears other than trawls. Because of the recent development of the redfish fisheries in most regions and of the scarcity of adequate data from the major redfish-producing countries, the assessments that can be made are restricted largely to the calculation of the immediate losses. -- The assessments indicate that the mesh sizes required to produce the optimum long-term yields vary greatly between regions for the different species. Since two or more species are often present on the same fishing grounds and caught by trawlers, for practical reasons a uniform mesh-size regulation must be considered for the subarea as a whole. A 41/2 inch mesh size in trawls is shown to be the optimum for the cod and haddock fisheries considered together. Despite the lack of long-term assessments for the redfish fisheries, the available information suggests that long- term benefits are unlikely from any increase in mesh size, although an increase to 4 inches would result in only slight immediate losses for most regions. No long-term assessments were made for the flounder fishery, but cursory examination of selection ogives and length composition data indicates that an increase in mesh size to 6 inches would not affect the commercial landings. Since it is not practical to have different mesh, sizes throughout the subarea, it is concluded that a minimum mesh size of 41/2 inches might be a fair choice for the regulation of the trawl fisheries on all species.


identifier: Griffiths, Alan K. (Alan Keith) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Griffiths=3AAlan_K=2E_=28Alan_Keith=29=3A=3A.html>   (1973) An experiment in individualized instruction as an approach introductory chemistry.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A comparison was made of the achievement of two groups of students, randomly enrolled in an introductory chemistry course at the Memorial University of Newfoundland. The control group was treated by a normal lecture presentation, while the members of the experimental group progressed at an individual rate in small or large groups as each individual desired. Each member of the experimental group was given a learning guide for each chapter. -- Conclusions were drawn from the results of two criterion examinations, one taken after eight weeks and the other after twelve weeks. Analysis was by a series of regression equations, incorporating several covariates. -- The effectiveness of individualized instruction cannot be determined from the results of any one experiment, but by an accumulation of evidence from many studies. However, the results of the present study suggested that the experimental treatment produced a marginally significant greater gain in achievement. It is not clear whether this might be claimed for the experimental group as a whole or simply for those without previous chemistry. -- An attempt was also made to identify factors which might be used to predict the success of individual students differently in the individualized treatment compared to the group treatment. General ability, albeit within a restricted range, and mathematical ability did not interact with treatment. It was suggested that there were indications that students with a tendency towards neuroticism were favored by the experimental treatment, although this did not reach statistical significance. The trait extraversion-introversion was found not to interact significantly with treatment.


identifier: Kao, Ming-hsiung <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kao=3AMing-hsiung=3A=3A.html>   (1970) Studies on respiration of Ommastrephid squid Illex Illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1821).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The oxygen consumption of the ommastrephid squid Illex illecebrosus from Newfoundland waters was determined by the flowing water method and the hyponomal tube implanation method. Using statistical analysis, the total oxygen consumption per hour was found to be related to body weight, but with no significant difference between the sexes. This relationship was found to be similar to that reported for Octopus cyanea and Sepia officinalis. The rate of oxygen consumption does not show a significant relationship to body weight. -- Illex illecebrosus shows no evidence of diurnal rhythm with regard to oxygen consumption under laboratory conditions. There is a significant decrease in oxygen consumption with decreasing salinity values. -- The effect of either raising or lowering the pH of the environmental medium causes irregular responses in oxygen consumption. These are discussed in detail, showing the sequence of alteration in the consumption through different ranges of pH. All of the increases in oxygen consumption may be explained as secondary effects of either physical (chemical) stimulation, or osmotic stress due to the addition of pH-altering chemicals (NaOH and HCl) or their dissociation products. Decreases in oxygen consumption with change of pH may be due to lessened oxygen-carrying capacity of haemocyanin, the Bohr Effect, or to acute shock when nearing the lethal ranges of pH. -- The absolute utilization of oxygen for I. illecebrosus was found not to be correlated with the body weight. The mean absolute oxygen utilization coefficient value was calculated to be 19.53%. No correlation was found between body weight and volume of exhalent water per unit time. The mean exhalent water volume was found to be 35.62 litres per hour. -- All experiments were performed in the range of water temperatures 10-12°C.


identifier: Northcott, Thomas Henry A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Northcott=3AThomas_Henry_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1964) An investigation of the factors affecting carrying capacity of selected areas in Newfoundland for the beaver, Castor Canadensis caecator bangs, 1913.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Factors which influence the carrying capacity of habitat for beavers, Castor canadensis, in Newfoundland were investigated in two study areas of dissimilar habitat types. One area had served previously as a study area for other aspects of beaver ecology and here tagged beavers with known territories were an aid to the present study. -- Topography determines the type and availability of water for beaver colonization. Highest densities in Newfoundland are found in areas where many small ponds and streams of gradient less than 3 per cent occur in conjunction with hardwoods. Alder is the most important plant species, both as food and as building material. More than 90 per cent of all tree species cut are in the 1-3 inch diameter class. Aquatic vegetation, particularly the water lily, is the major constituent of the beavers' summer diet. -- Logging and forest fires are beneficial to beaver since they create conditions necessary for an invasion of hardwoods. Most species of vegetation flooded by beavers are killed in one or two years. Abnormal fluctuating water levels, as found in areas of logging operations, normally precludes beaver occupancy of these areas. -- Competition by moose and muskrat on aquatic vegetation is relatively heavy, but does not adversely effect the beaver. Moose browsing of alder is the only serious competitive influence to beavers and may cause colony abandonment. Main cause of abandonment is lack of food. Harassment by man or natural predators does not normally have a serious effect on the colony. -- Factors determining size of colony territory are: type of water, availability of food, age of colony and intraspecific conflict. These combine to determine the population density of any area. Scarcity of food caused much summer movement in one study area. Census counts from 1958-I963 revealed that beavers adjust their numbers to keep the population in balance with a changing food supply. -- Maximum carrying capacity of Newfoundland beaver habitat is probably 1 active lodge per square mile. A carrying capacity index of high, medium and low (1, .5 - 1> and < .5 active lodges per square mile) is suggested. Three habitat types are proposed with the water and food requirements and population potential of each.


identifier: Pollett, F. C. (Frederick C.) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pollett=3AF=2E_C=2E_=28Frederick_C=2E=29=3A=3A.html>   (1967) Certain ecological aspects of selected bogs in Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Six areas of Newfoundland were selected for the purpose of investigating the various bog types on the island. These study regions extended from the Avalon Peninsula (Region I) west to St. George's (Region V) and north to Daniel's Harbour (Region VI). A total of 178 peat deposits were studied, which included bogs, fens, and to a lesser extent, marsh accumulations. -- The rate and type of accumulation of these deposits is controlled by physiographic factors, such as climate and geology. Pleistocene glaciation has played an important role by the formation of depressions and by damming water, thus creating an environment favourable for bogland development. Fire has resulted in paludification which encouraged the expansion of bogs over relatively dry ground. It was found that climate is the predominant factor controlling the growth and expansion of bogs in Newfoundland. Blanket bogs are most common in Newfoundland, especially in the coastal areas, and predominate in all but Terra Nova (Region IV). In Region IV raised bogs are more prevalent than blanket bogs; in Region I raised bogs are found but only in localized depressions surrounded by forested slopes. In some areas there are larger bogs formed by the combination of raised centers coalesced by blanket bog. Paludification in all regions result in blanket bog expansion. Wesleyville (Region III) has the largest blanket bogs, in any of the study regions, covering many square miles spreading over bare granite bedrock within the past forty years. -- From the study of peat cores, cross-sections were compiled showing the types of peat in some Newfoundland bogs. Bog development is preceded by a growth of fen species, gradually dominated by Cyperaceae and then by the Sphagnum species. Surfaces of both blanket and raised bogs have similar species with sedges Scirpus spp. and Carex spp. more abundant in blanket bogs; Scirpus cespitosus. Sphagnum spp. and ericaceous shrubs dominate the raised bog surface. Raised bogs generally have a good regeneration complex with Sphagnum cuspidatum in flashets, Sphagnum magellanicum the dominating mat component and Sphagnum rubellum, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum flavicomans and Sphagnum imbricatum the hummock-forming species. Ericaceous shrubs, lichens and bryophytes (other than Sphagnum) are commonly found occupying drier surfaces. Other species such as Myrica gale, Menyanthes trifoliata and Carex spp. are principally found in minerotrophic sites such as soaks, drainage channels or bog borders. -- The surface features, types of peat, their origin and development; the affects of physiographic processes and fire on bog formation and expansion are discussed.


identifier: O'Gorman, Margaret <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/O=27Gorman=3AMargaret=3A=3A.html>   (1970) Extent to which certain psychological factors affect reading in Grade IV.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The present study examined the relationship between certain Psychological variables and the Reading Achievement of a sample of Elementary School pupils. More specifically, it investigated the extend to which certain perceptual, conceptual, and personality variables are related to Vocabulary scores and Paragraph Comprehension scores as measured by the Nelson Reading Test. -- The sample used in the present study consists of 90 boys randomly selected from a group of 305 boys randomly selected by a previous investigator from the population of Grade IV boys of 1968 enrolled in schools conducted by the Roman Catholic School Board in St. John's. -- Data for the present study include scores obtained by the previous investigator on Vocabulary, Paragraph Comprehension; the socio-economic factors of Father's Occupation, Mother's Education, Number of Siblings, Number of Newspapers received in the home, and Number of days absent from school in a given period; the educational input factors of Size of School, and Teacher Qualifications. -- Added to these predictor variables by the present study are certain perceptual factors as measured by The Bender-Gestalt Test and The Uznadze Set Test; certain conceptual factors as measured by the Kasanin-Hanfmann (Vigotsky) Concept Formation Test; certain personality factors as measured by The Taylor Manifest Anxiety Test and The McClelland n-Achievement Test; and the intellectual factors of Verbal and Nonverbal I.Q. from the Lorge Thorndike Intelligence Test. -- The present study found n-Achievement, and Level of Verbalization of the Vigotsky Test to correlate significantly at the .01 level with both Vocabulary and Paragraph Comprehension. It found Time Required to Form a concept to correlate significantly at the.05 level with Paragraph Comprehension. -- On the basis of the multiple correlation and F-ratios obtained, the present study revealed that in addition to socio-economic and educational factors, the psychological factors of n-Achievement, Time Required to Form a Concept, Total Score on the Concept Formation Test, and Level of Verbalization contribute significantly at the .01 level to the multiple correlation of predictor variables with Vocabulary and especially with Paragraph Comprehension taken as criteria.


identifier: Dearden, John C. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dearden=3AJohn_C=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1958) Light absorption studies: part I. The ultraviolet absorption spectra of some nitrobenzenes. Part II. The ultraviolet absorption spectra of some benzaldehydes.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Part 1. The electronic spectra of nitrobenzenes are discussed in terms of previously proposed hypotheses relating electronic interactions and ultraviolet absorption data. A previously suggested order of mesomeric interaction of the halogens is confirmed, and it is shown that the mesomeric effect of the nitro-group is greater than that of the acetyl-group. -- Part 2. The electronic spectra of benzaldehydes are recorded and discussed in terms of previously proposed hypotheses. The formyl- group is shown to endow benzene derivatives with similar properties to those of nitro- and acetyl-substituted derivatives, save that the effects of steric interactions and hydrogen bonding are slightly modified. An order of mesomeric interaction -NO ₂ > -CHO > -COCH₃ > -COOH is proposed.


identifier: Hsiao, Stephen I. C. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hsiao=3AStephen_I=2E_C=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1968) Culture studies of the marine brown alga Petalonia Fascia (O.F. Müll.) Kuntze.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The morphological life cycle of the marine brown alga Petalonia fascia (O.F. Müll.) Kuntze has been investigated in artificial sea water under unialgal culture. The zoospores produced from the plurilocular sporangia of sporophytes developed directly into protonemata, plethysmothalli, and Ralfsia-like thalli. The appearance and fertility of various morphological types of thalli of P. fascia might be controlled by iodine concentrations, light and temperature. The last two factors, Interrelated with each other, were discussed. Protonemata and/or plethysmothalli survived in the most extreme experimental culture conditions, such as lowest and highest temperatures, intensities of light, and total iodine deficiency. However, Ralfsia-like thalli and sporophytes required more suitable environments. -- Optimum concentrations of inorganic micronutrient requirements (I, Br, Mo, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Co) and growth-regulating substances (indoleacetic acid and vitamin B12) for the growth, development, and/or reproduction of P. fascia were determined. Iodine appears to be an essential element for growth, morphogenesis and reproduction of P. fascia and it cannot be replaced by bromine. There is an antagonistic effect between iron and manganese in the growth of the experimental alga. -- The low concentrations of indoleacetic acid stimulate growth and accelerate zoospore production of P. fascia. This plant hormone may counteract the zinc deficiency. Vitamin B12 is a good stimulant for the growth of this alga, but it does not substitute for cobalt.


identifier: Riggio, Michele Ignazio <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Riggio=3AMichele_Ignazio=3A=3A.html>   (1972) Measure of noncompactness, densifying mappings and fixed points.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to set forth some fixed point theorems in metric and Banach spaces for densifying mappings and k-set-contractions. -- In Chapter I, we discuss the Banach Contraction Principle and give an extensive coverage of its generalizations. Results are also given for contractive and nonexpansive mappings, and for mappings of an iterative type. -- In Chapter II, we introduce the concepts of α-measure (and X-measure) of noncompactness; some geometric properties are given. -- In Chapter III and IV we make a detailed study of some of the recent fixed point results in metric and Banach spaces respectively. -- Particular attention is given to the works of Furi, Vignoli, Nussbaum, and Petryshyn. -- In Chapter V, we give applications of α-measure to problems in optimization theory.


identifier: Bilous, Marlene Sonia <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bilous=3AMarlene_Sonia=3A=3A.html>   (1973) Federal attempts at relieving regional economic disparity : Newfoundland's experience with D.R.E.E.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Regional economic disparity refers to the average differences in the living standards experienced by people in the five regions which make up the Canadian federal state. The objective of this thesis is the assessment of the federal efforts at combating this disparity in Newfoundland, the province most afflicted with regional economic retardation. The thesis deals with the period from 1949 to January, 1973. It places particular emphasis on the activities of the federal Department of Regional Economic Expansion (DREE) which was established in 1969. -- From 1949 to 1957, transfer payments and the Term 29 allotment constituted the total federal contributions to the Newfoundland treasury. The equalization payments and the Atlantic Adjustment Grants were further added during the 1957 to 1962 Diefenbaker period. The Pearson Era, 1963 to 1968, featured the first real attempt by the federal government to combat this problem through such programs as Area Development Agency (ADA), the Atlantic Development Board (ADB), and the Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Act (ARDA). However, these federal programs were not very successful in alleviating Newfoundland's experience with regional economic disparity. Consequently, in 1969 the federal government under the leadership of Prime Minister Trudeau set up the Department of Regional Economic Expansion (DREE), with the expressed objective of reducing regional economic disparity through programs aimed at "economic expansion and social adjustment" in the disadvantaged regions of Canada. Since its inception, DREE has committed a total of $173,534,894 million and employed a strategy emphasizing urbanization, as opposed to rural development, in an attempt to combat this problem during the period from 1969 to January 1973. The DREE urbanization approach accounted for 91% of the total commitment, or over $159 million, and was composed of two programs: industrial incentives and infrastructure assistance. The rural development portion of the program accounted for the remaining 9% of DREE funds, namely $14,063 million. -- This thesis concludes that these federal efforts have been ineffective in relation to DREE's essential goal. Newfoundland's economy is still in a critical state when compared with national economic standards. The Newfoundland per capita personal income, calculated as a percentage of the national average, has only risen 9% during the 1949 to 1971 period. Furthermore, in January 1973, Newfoundland experienced an unemployment rate of 18% which represented 234% of the national average rate of 7.7%. It is our claim that the federal government could have reduced regional economic disparity in Newfoundland more effectively through the exploitation of Newfoundland's unused and under-utilized human and natural resource potentials. DREE strategy should have shifted its emphasis from one based on urbanization to one based on rural development so that both approaches could have been utilized effectively. Its strategy should have interlocked more effectively with Newfoundland's small business character, attempted the development of an urban growth corridor pattern, and exploited Newfoundland's vast potential for rural development. Furthermore, the federal government should have co-ordinated the objectives of its fiscal, monetary, transportation, manpower and external trade policies with those of DREE so that the root causes, rather than the symptoms of regional economic disparity, could have been more effectively dealt with.


identifier: Loader, Charles Edward <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Loader=3ACharles_Edward=3A=3A.html>   (1965) Pyrrole chemistry and the synthesis of some pyrrole thiolesters.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The biogenisis of porphyrins and the problems involved in the chemical synthesis of porphyrins and their biogenetic intermediates are briefly discussed. The direct synthesis from readily available pyrroles is not often possible, because substitution reactions are sometimes blocked by groups already present on the pyrrole ring. -- The properties of some pyrrole anilides, thioanilides and esters were investigated, and some unusual reactions were encountered. Several pyrrole thiolesters were successfully synthesised from the thioanilides and from a modified Knorr synthesis with ethyl acetothiolacetate. -- The Raney nickel desulphurisation of pyrrole thiolesters was investigated, and it was found that the thiolester group could be converted to a formyl or in some cases a methyl group in this way. The desulphurisation reactions were found to give very good yields and the method represents a useful new route to pyrrole aldehydes. -- The acylation of pyrrole esters and thiolesters by perchloric acid/acetic anhydride; silver borofluoride/acetyl chloride; and trifluoroacetic anhydride/carboxylic acid mixtures were investigated. Trifluoroacetic anhydride alone produced good yields of trifluoroacetylated pyrroles all of which were new compounds. -- Some examples were found in which carbon disulphide, used as a solvent in Friedel and Crafts reactions with pyrrole esters, sometimes reacted with the pyrrole to produce derivatives of dithioacids. -- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are given for many of the compounds prepared in this work.


identifier: Clark, Kathleen Nora <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Clark=3AKathleen_Nora=3A=3A.html>   (1972) Le problème du chef dans le theatre de Jules Romains.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The name of Jules Romains has long been associated by literary critics with his doctrine of unanimism. This emphasis on unanimism has falsified our appreciation of Romains, to the extent that a very important theme in his work has been almost totally ignored: the problem of the leader. -- In dealing with this problem, we could not ignore the life of Romains himself, for it is fertile in incidents and activities which reveal a fascination with authority, leadership, and the manipulation of others. On occasions, he played the leader himself, both politically and intellectually. In dealing with the life of Romains, we have adopted a critical attitude, which has been lacking so far in the biographies devoted to Romains. Romains' political actions and attitudes in the ten years leading up to World War II, in particular his friendliness toward Nazi Germany, merit a whole chapter, for this period of his life has been considerably glossed over by his biographers. -- It is in his plays that Romains gives the most explicit literary treatment to the problem of the leader. He presents various types: real leaders and pseudo-leaders, impostors and mere figure-heads. He also portrays the manipulators, who wield power behind the scenes. Some of these act as "éminences grises". Romains' leader figures suggest many comparisons with the two powerful dictators of that era: Hitler and Mussolini. In view of Romains' attitudes toward Nazism and Fascism, we have drawn attention to the antecedents in his plays. -- Aside from his plays, there are other works that reveal Romains' attitudes to leaders, both historical and contemporary. His essays, and especially his biographical works, have their place in our study, for they reveal Romains' continuing fascination with the mechanisms of power.


identifier: Lake, Jasper <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lake=3AJasper=3A=3A.html>   (1967) The vice-principalship in the Newfoundland central and regional high schools.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was designed for the purpose of exploring the vice-principalship in the central and regional high schools in Newfoundland. It examined the vice-principal's qualifications, experience, the school system in which he works, the method of his appointment, the duties he performs, the facilities available to him for discharging his duties, and the training for principalship which he receives in the system. Furthermore, the Newfoundland vice-principalship was compared with the vice-principalship in Nova Scotia high schools and with what writers and researchers have discovered about the position. -- The data for the study were obtained from the responses to a questionnaire sent to vice-principals in 87 central and 27 regional high schools in Newfoundland and 77 high schools in Nova Scotia. The data, except for Section D, Duties of the Vice-Principal, were presented in descriptive form. In Section D, the vice-principals were asked to respond to 108 duties by rating their responsibility for each item as 3, 2, 1, 0, or NA, corresponding respectively to wholly responsible, mainly responsible, partially responsible, no responsibility, and non-applicable. A statistical test, the median test, was applied to each of the 108 duties to determine whether the degree of responsibility exercised by the vice-principals in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia was statistically different. A statistically significant difference was found in only fourteen duties. -- Results of the analysis of data revealed that the Newfoundland vice-principals are younger, work in smaller schools, have occupied their present position for a shorter period of time, and are not as well qualified as are those in Nova Scotia; neither are they as active in professional organizations. The majority of vice-principals in both provinces are male, were promoted from within their school system and are engaged in the same type of duties, mainly of a clerical and disciplinary nature, and are not assuming much responsibility for specific assignments in areas of organization, administration and supervision. Both Newfoundland and Nova Scotia vice-principals have heavy teaching responsibilities, with 75 per cent of the former and 55 per cent of the latter, devoting more than 50 per cent of their time to classroom teaching. -- A very significant finding was that only 50 per cent of the Newfoundland and 59.3 per cent of the Nova Scotia vice-principals were interested in promotion to a principalship position. However, 61.2 per cent of the former and 75*5 per cent of the latter considered the training they are receiving as vice-principal to be adequately preparing them for such a position. This is difficult to understand since only seven schools, all in Nova Scotia, have in operation an in-service program to train administrators. -- The four most important recommendations arising out of the study are that: (1) there be a reassessment of the vice-principalship position and his role in the central and regional schools in Newfoundland; (2) the Department of Education request Memorial University of Newfoundland to develop a program, in addition to the M. Ed. program now offered, both at the graduate and undergraduate level, for the training of school administrators such as principals and vice-principals; (3) every central and regional high school system develop a program of in-service training for vice- principals; and (4) every effort be made by the Department of Education and local school boards to encourage consolidation. In addition to other benefits accruing from consolidation, these schools would have enough staff members to make it unnecessary for the vice-principal to do much classroom teaching. He then could become a true assistant to the principal, sharing with him in the total operation of the school.


identifier: McCarthy, Charles F. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McCarthy=3ACharles_F=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1972) The emission spectrum of carbon monoselenide.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The emission spectrum of CSe was excited in an electrodeless discharge tube containing a mixture of carbon and selenium in the presence of argon by means of a high power microwave generator. Spectra were photographed on a 2 m Bausch and Lomb dual grating spectrograph in the first order of a grating with 1200 grooves/mm. Thirty-seven characteristic bands of CSe were obtained in the spectral region 3060 - 2680 Å. In addition to the previously known A¹π - X¹Σ⁺ system, a new band system has been identified for the first time. The wavenumbers of the band heads of the new system are represented by the relation, -- ν = 34702.2 + 954.9(v' + ½) - 6.9(v' + ½)² -- - [1039.9(v" + ½) - 8.4(v" + ½)²] . -- By correlating the ωₑ values of different electronic states of the analogous molecules CO, CS and CSe it is suggested that the transition giving rise to the new band system of CSe is probably a³π - X¹Σ⁺. -- A complete rotational analysis of the 0,1 band and a partial rotational analysis of the 1,2 , 1,1 , 0,0 , 2,1 and 1,0 bands of the A¹π - X¹Σ⁺ system, photographed at high resolution in the fifth order of the grating, are also reported. The rotational constants obtained for the lower and upper states are as follows: -- B"ᵥ = 0.577 - 0.0045 (v"+ ½) cm⁻¹    B'ₒ = 0.484 cm⁻¹ -- D" = 3 x 10⁻⁶ cm⁻¹     B'₁ = 0.489 cm⁻¹ -- r"ₑ = 1.673 Å     B'₂ = 0.478 cm⁻¹ -- D' = 1 x 10⁻⁶ cm⁻¹ -- r'ₒ = 1.827 cm⁻¹ -- νₒₒ = 35135.51 cm⁻¹ . -- The values of B'ₑ and α'ₑ could not be determined from the obtained rotational constants because of perturbations in the upper state.


identifier: Harris, Leslie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Harris=3ALeslie=3A=3A.html>   (1959) The first nine years of representative government in Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Representative Government was granted to Newfoundland in 1832. In 1841 the Imperial Parliament found it necessary to suspend the system of Government that had been introduced. The aim of this thesis is to contribute something to the knowledge of the history of the intervening years and to attempt to answer the question of why suspension was necessary. -- In pursuance of this aim the political and social background is established in chapters one and two respectively. This having been done, the events of the nine year period are dealt with in chronological order, though the financial affairs of the first Assembly, the by-election of 1833 and the election of 1836 are dealt with in separate chapters. -- The significance of dealing with these specific topics separately is that they each contribute something to the development of the theme which is that under existing circumstances representative institutions in Newfoundland were doomed to failure. -- The circumstances to which reference is made were antipathy to law and government, lack of cohesion within the Newfoundland community, lack of education or political experience, isolation, poverty, an unsound economy, a deep- rooted class division, the intrusion of large numbers of poor immigrants who could not be readily absorbed into the social or economic life of the Colony, religious antagonisms, and an unsympathetic Imperial Government. -- For nine years the struggle continued between the Assembly, aspiring to broader democracy, and the Council, holding tenaciously to their vested interests. The struggle to control finance constituted the major battle and the result was stalemate. The decision to suspend the constitution was made, ostensibly because of election riots in 1840 and the fear that a general election would result in more serious outbreaks, but actually because all those concerned knew that under existing conditions the established institutions could not possibly function.


identifier: Dawson, Christopher John <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dawson=3AChristopher_John=3A=3A.html>   (1968) The carotenoid pigments of the holothurian Psolus Fabrichii (Düben and Koren).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The carotenoid content of the body wall of the subarctic holothurian Psolus fabrichii (Düben and Koren) has been investigated. -- The carotenoids were extracted by cold acetone, taken into petroleum ether, and after concentration of this solution were separated by thin layer chromatography on a silica gel H layer, using 10% acetone in petroleum ether as the developing solvent. The ten carotenoids separated were further purified by thin layer chromatography. -- As far as possible each carotenoid has been identified by measurement of its light absorption properties, its partition ratio between hexane and 95% methanol, and by investigation of the effects of potassium hydroxide, sodium borohydride, and acidic methanol on the compound. -- The direct effect of dietary carotenoids on the carotenoid content of echinoderms has previously been emphasised. It has generally been accepted that the herbivorous diet of holothurians provides mainly carotenes and less polar xanthophylls, arid these carotenoids are therefore predominant in the tissues. -- The results of this investigation indicate that, though a small part of the dietary carotenoid is stored in the tissues of Psolus fabrichii, the food does not contain measurable amounts of the more abundant body wall carotenoids. -- It is proposed that the highly oxidised carotenoids, which compose about 80% of the total carotenoid content might be the intermediates and product of a sequential pathway responsible for the oxidation of dietary β-carotene (and possibly some of its hydroxy derivatives) to astaxanthin, the predominant carotenoid in the organism.


identifier: Sandeman, Gillian A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sandeman=3AGillian_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1968) The figure of Merlin in English literature from the beginnings to 1740.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis deals with some of the major appearances in English literature of Merlin, the British wizard, and attempts to show how changes in political conditions, historical and quasi-historical research and literary fashions have modified the traditional figure. Merlin's first appearance in early Welsh poetry as prophet and seer was considerably expanded by Geoffrey of Monmouth, who was the first to associate him with the Saxon and British kings of England, particularly Arthur. The French romancer, Robert de Boron, and his successors completed the traditional outline of the history of the wizard, which culminated in English with the prose Merlin. After this crystallization of the legends the wizard's two chief attributes, his gift of prophecy and his magical powers, were accepted and used by many later writers. His prophetic gifts, originally the vehicle for predictions about the history of the nation, continued to appear in this traditional context in Tudor and early Stuart works in both prose and verse; simultaneously purveyors of popular almanacs and prophetic pamphlets were using Merlin's name in a wide variety of contexts. Contemporary political considerations influence the wizard's activities in the works of writers as diverse as Ben Jonson and William Blackmore. The most obvious deviations from the early legends in which Merlin is portrayed as a dignified, wise and all-powerful magician can be seen in 17th and 18th century drama in which he becomes on several occasions little more than a buffoon; but it is in this period, too, that Rowley wrote a play in which traditional and new material blend to produce one of the most memorable portraits of Merlin in English literature. -- The thesis discusses chronologically the material studied from Geoffrey of Monmouth to Fielding. The study closes at a point at which the Arthurian romances and legends were out of favour and the pattern which emerges is therefore one which leads up to a high point, for the portrayal of Merlin, in the romances and then, with some exceptions which are noted, shows a steady debasement of the traditional figure.


identifier: Bullock, Valerie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bullock=3AValerie=3A=3A.html>   (2002) The scientific English prose of William Turner (1508-1568).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The sixteenth century opened the door to modern science. The printing press, together with other technological advances, gave impetus to that spirit of inquiry based on personal observation and experiment. Mediaeval thinking was questioned, mediaeval theories were tested and if disproved, discarded. On the continent and in England men became inspired to set down the results of their scientific inquiries, not only in Latin, but in their native languages. In doing this they often met with difficulties. -- This essay discusses William Turner in this context as a writer of such early English scientific prose. Although he was a physician of some eminence and a notable preacher for the Reforming cause, it is as the "Father of English Botany" that he is remembered. Much of his early writing was in Latin, but in the service of botany he attempted to make his native English a language of scientific instruction for his countrymen. -- Turner was only partially successful. He could not completely overcome the theories of mediaeval herbalism, although he vigorously dismissed much that was fanciful in plant lore and substituted what his own senses, coupled with his knowledge of the works of ancient botanists, revealed. It is interesting to trace his attempts to explain in terms of measurement the "degrees" aspect of the theory of humours, even though the very theory is too nebulous to allow such precision. -- He was more fortunate in his attempts to use the vernacular for the description and identification of plants and in this area he broke new ground in the use of the English language for scientific purposes. This essay attempts to reveal his struggles for technical precision and clarity, with all the necessary rejections and substitutions of words, phrases and images. This leads to the inevitable conclusion that Turner's gain in accuracy results in the loss of that charm associated with mediaeval herbals. -- Finally it is suggested that in his attitude to language and his persistence in the use of English prose to instruct and inform about scientific matters, Turner anticipated the Royal Society by a hundred years.


identifier: Parsons, L. S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Parsons=3AL=2E_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1971) Use of meristic and morphometric characteristics for the differentation of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus Linnaeus) stocks in Newfoundland and adjacent waters.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Numbers of vertebrae, gill rakers, pectoral, anal and dorsal fin rays and the relative size of various body parts (orbit diameter, head, snout, postorbital and predorsal length) of herring from Newfoundland and adjacent areas were examined to ascertain the value of these characters for the differentiation of herring stocks in the Newfoundland area. -- Spring and autumn spawners from the same area differ significantly in several morphological characteristics. Mean numbers of gill rakers and of pectoral and anal fin rays are generally higher (P<0.01) for autumn-spawning than for spring-spawning herring. These meristic differences are related to water temperatures during larval development and to differences in developmental rates of spring- and autumn- hatched larvae. In most areas autumn spawners also have relatively larger heads, snouts, orbit diameters, postorbital and predorsal lengths than spring spawners, A linear discriminant function based on three meristic characters was used to correctly classify from 79 to 91% of individual southwest Newfoundland spring and autumn spawners to their respective spawning groups, which indicates that the amount of interchange between the two spawning groups is probably slight. -- Sexual dimorphism in meristic and morphometric characteristics is negligible. Gill-raker number apparently increases with fish size in juvenile herring but not in adults. Correlation of the other meristic characters with fish length is negligible. Mean numbers of vertebrae and anal fin rays differ significantly between year-classes from the same locality in some instances. Dorsal fin-ray averages are unsatisfactory for stock separation, but mean numbers of pectoral and anal fin rays, gill rakers and vertebrae appear useful to varying degrees for this purpose. -- Covariance comparisons of the log-log regressions of body parts on standard length revealed considerable heterogeneity in morphometric characteristics, Between-area differences are evident for all characters and all pairs of areas compared. Significant differences are found even between closely related stocks. -- Both meristic and morphometric characters appear to be useful indicators of stock heterogeneity, but morphometric characters are less valuable than meristic characters and other methods for stock differentiation. Stock relationships indicated by the combined results of the meristic and morphometric comparisons agree in most instances with those suggested by other methods.


identifier: Stockley, Betty Ruth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stockley=3ABetty_Ruth=3A=3A.html>   (1968) The tasks of elementary education as perceived by parents, teachers and pupils in selected Newfoundland communities.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was designed to determine the system of priorities held by parents, teachers and pupils regarding the task of elementary education in Newfoundland. An attempt was made to identify relationships that existed between personal characteristica and opinions held by parents and pupils. -- The study was carried out in seven Newfoundland communities which included (l) an urban community, (2) an urban-rural community, (3) a rural-urban community, and (4) four rural communities. An adaptation of the T. P. E. Opinionnaire was administered to 311 parents, 126 teachers, and 339 pupils in grades ten and eleven. The questionnaire was composed of two parts. In Section I, the respondent was asked to give certain personal information. In Section II, he was asked to rank 16 tasks of the elementary school according to his perception of their relative importance. The median test was applied to each of the 16 tasks for each group or category of that group to determine whether statistically significant differences of opinion existed concerning the tasks of the elementary school. -- Analysis of the data revealed that parents, teachers and pupils agreed basically on the tasks of the elementary school which should receive primary attention. These tasks were the social and intellectual elements of the function of the school. It was revealed that teachers and pupils showed most difference of opinion regarding the tasks of the elementary school. Personal characteristics of parents and pupils influenced their perceptions of the school's tasks.


identifier: Pratt, Robert Tucker <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pratt=3ARobert_Tucker=3A=3A.html>   (1977) The relationship of theme and structure in the fiction of John Fowles.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Although John Fowles has had immense success with the reading public he is still today generally dismissed by the critics as a talented and intelligent storyteller whose work lacks the necessary depth and complexity to be considered serious literature. However, in this thesis as each of the author's first four fictional publications (The Magus, The Collector, The French Lieutenant's Woman and The Ebony Tower) is examined in its own chapter, a discernible structural and thematic continuity emerges from all Fowles's work which indicates that these novels, despite their widely diverse subject matter and essentially romantic nature, are not empty thrillers and simple entertainments but instead are progressively more sophisticated and complex reworkings of one fundamental situation. All of John Fowles's works share six basic structural elements. First, each begins with a precisely fixed location of time and place. Second, the protagonist of each novel quickly shows himself to be alienated from his homeland and invariably he begins a solitary journey into a mythical or legendary world. Third, each protagonist undergoes an ordeal in this "other world" and by doing so experiences a spiritual reawakening. The next structural element is that each protagonist then returns home to reconcile his old self with his newly-found perceptions. Fifth, each of these novels ends with a new beginning and, finally, whatever triumph each protagonist may achieve is always spiritual, self-contained, and seen primarily in existential terms. As each novel reworks these six structural elements into a progressively more complex version of the same basic situation a corresponding refinement and development become evident in the author's technical ability to control his work. For each successive novel uses two main thematic devices in an increasingly effective and improved manner. The first of these devices is the specifically physical loyout of each novel through which the author innovatively presents his material in order to best reveal his theme to the reader. The second and more important thematic device which Fowles consistently uses and improves is the creation of one single image to develop the central motif in each book. Therefore, this thesis concentrates on an examination of Fowles's progressively developing structural and thematic techniques in order to show that his novels are serious literature which deliberately and consciously try to perfect the author's artistic vision.


identifier: Kirby, David Malcolm <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kirby=3ADavid_Malcolm=3A=3A.html>   (1972) The extent of the political socialization of first year Memorial University students.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The study investigated the extent of political socialization of a group of first year students at Memorial University, and the association of the indices of political socialization to selected demographic factors. The indices of political socialization used were political efficacy, political cynicism, sense of citizen duty and political participation. The demographic factors investigated were age, sex, socioeconomic status, size of home community and religion. -- The study was conducted by means of a questionnaire. The scales of sense of citizen duty, political cynicism and political efficacy were compiled mainly from items drawn from the literature on political socialization. The items on participation included both actual political participation, and intended future political participation. -- The questionnaire was administered by the author to a sample of first year students, and the data obtained was coded and analysed using the IBM 360/40 computer. The frequency of responses were obtained and contingency tables constructed. In order to test the hypotheses of the study, Chi Square values were calculated. -- The political efficacy of the students in the study was generally low. Statistically significant associations with socioeconomic status, and community size were obtained. The students generally scored high on the political cynicism scale and no significant associations with any demographic factors were found. It was postulated that political cynicism may exist as a community norm, influenced by the political milieu of the province. The students scored highly on the sense of citizen duty scale revealing a high sense of political obligation. Item analysis of this scale revealed a possible change in philosophy of young people when compared to results of the original use of the scale. The analysis of the items pertaining to participation indicated that the students were nearly all prepared to participate in low levels of political activity, but not at higher levels of involvement. The intended political participation was found to be significantly associated to previous experience in school government, as well as political efficacy. From this study a number of recommendations for further research were made.


identifier: Burden, Melvin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Burden=3AMelvin=3A=3A.html>   (1971) The efficacy of special class placement for the educable mentally retarded as indicated by measures of academic achievement and social adjustment.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the present effectiveness of special class placement for the educable mentally retarded children in Urban Newfoundland as indicated by measures of academic achievement and social adjustment. -- The study was carried out among educable mentally retarded children attending ten different schools under the jurisdiction of the Avalon Consolidated School Board, St. John's. Twenty-four children between the ages of eleven and thirteen who had attended special classes for at least a period of two years were selected for the study. Twenty-two children from the regular classes were selected with the same chronological age and the same WISC IQ range as the sample from special classes. The arithmetic and reading subtests of the Wide Range Achievement Test and the Vineland Social Maturity Scale were administered to all students in the total group. -- Although the mean score on each achievement subtest was higher for the regular class group, no significant statistical difference was found between the mean arithmetic and reading scores of both groups when a t-test for independent samples was applied at the .05 level of significance. -- No significance difference was found to exist between the two groups with respect to the mean social quotient scores of the Vineland Social Maturity Scale at the .05 level of significance. -- A significant positive correlation was found to exist between performance IQ and full scale IQ and performance IQ and social maturity for the educable mentally retarded in special classes. A significant negative correlation was found between performance IQ and reading for the same group. -- In the regular class group a significant positive correlation was found between verbal IQ and all other variables in the study except performance IQ, namely: full scale IQ, social maturity, arithmetic and reading. Other significant positive correlations were found between performance IQ and full scale IQ, full scale IQ and arithmetic, social maturity and arithmetic, and arithmetic and reading. A significant negative correlation was found between performance IQ and social maturity. -- Although there exists a possibility that selection factors in placing the children in special education classes might have had some influence; the main implication of the findings of the study indicates that special classes, as presently constituted, do not seem to be producing any positive gains for the educable mentally retarded in academic achievement or social adjustment. Indeed, on the basis of the data collected one might wonder if special classes are having an adverse effect. It seems possible at present that appropriate goals are not identified for the educable mentally retarded and a lack of appropriate structuring and programing may exist within the special education program. -- The investigator suggests, on the basis of the data presented, that special class placement may not be the best or most complete answer but that some integrative scheme with the "normal" children would perhaps produce better academic and social results.


identifier: Davis, David John <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Davis=3ADavid_John=3A=3A.html>   (1970) The Bond-Blaine negotiations: 1890-1891.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: The Bond-Blaine negotiations: 1890-1891

abstract: In the winter of 1890-1891, Robert Bond, the Colonial Secretary of Newfoundland, attempted to negotiate a reciprocal trade agreement with James G. Blaine, the American Secretary of State. Although Blaine accepted an amended draft treaty, the Imperial Government, in London, withheld ratification from the proposed treaty when it received a series of protests from the Canadian Government through its High Commissioner in London. -- In order to understand the significance of these negotiations, it was necessary to provide the background to both the problems of the Newfoundland economy and fishery, as well as to describe the various attempts to achieve a permanent settlement of the North West Atlantic Fisheries Question. The fishery was the basis of Newfoundland's export trade in 1890, and any reciprocity treaty would have been designed to increase Newfoundland fish exports to the United States. -- The negotiation of a reciprocity treaty between a British colony and a foreign country was conducted through the British Minister in the foreign capital. In addition, the power to permit these negotiations and their ratification rested in London. The Imperial Government refused to ratify the Convention because of the objections of the Canadian Government. Therefore, a large portion of this study was given over to a discussion of how the relations between the various members of the British Empire - Newfoundland, Canada and Great Britain - affected the Bond-Blaine negotiations. Although this discussion of reciprocity has been broadened to encompass an analysis of Bond's and Blaine's motives for commencing the talks, the basic problem remained - whether Newfoundland should be allowed to negotiate bilaterally with the United States or in concert with Canada as an Imperial unit.


identifier: Reeves, William G. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Reeves=3AWilliam_G=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1971) The Fortune Bay dispute: Newfoundland's place in imperial treaty relations under the Washington Treaty, 1871-1885.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Newfoundland following its acceptance of the Treaty of Washington in 1874 had to cope with the presence of large numbers of American fishing vessels in its inshore waters. The Americans, who fished mainly on the Grand Banks, resorted to the colony for bait and ice. An extensive trade in these two commodities developed between American and Newfoundland fishermen. Considerable confusion was aroused - especially at the Halifax Commission in 1877 - over whether or not this traffic was permitted under the treaty's terms. In 1878 at Fortune Bay a group of Newfoundlanders violently obstructed American fishermen who attempted to catch their own herring. This one incident brought the problems associated with the bait traffic to a head. -- The confrontation at Fortune Bay largely stemmed from economic self-interest on the part of Newfoundland fishermen. It later expanded to involve the issue of whether or not American fishermen were liable to colonial fishery regulations. The Americans had violated local laws respecting a close time, Sunday fishing, and the in-barring of herring. However, they subsequently claimed that the Treaty of Washington had given them unrestricted access to the colonial fisheries. The resultant diplomatic quarrel over treaty rights versus local legislation was of importance to Newfoundland. An effective control of the bait fishery had become basic to its drive to increase local autonomy. -- The Fortune Bay Dispute involved several related aspects. On one level, Anglo-American diplomacy was central; on another, colonial ties with the Imperial government. In the latter instance, the relationship between the Colonial and Foreign Offices played a crucial role. Throughout, Newfoundland watched carefully to see that its fishery legislation was not compromised. When an Anglo-American settlement was reached in 1881, the colony became acutely aware that its interests were not identical with those of Great Britain. It immediately set about clarifying the terms under which the settlement might be accepted. The thesis of this paper is that Newfoundland obtained from its participation in Anglo- American affairs a clearer definition of its position within the Imperial system.


identifier: Nagy, Hugh <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nagy=3AHugh=3A=3A.html>   (1970) The preparation and properties of some pyrrole aldehydes.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The anomalous physical and chemical properties of 2-pyrrolecarbaldehyde are discussed. The preparation of 3-pyrrolecarbaldehyde was carried out on an increased scale, and the properties of this compound were investigated, especially in comparison to 2-pyrrolecarbaldehyde. The chemical properties of the two compounds were similar. 1-Methyl-3-pyrrolecarbaldehyde was prepared; in some reactions it resembled 3-pyrrolecarbaldehyde. The Wolff-Kishner reductions of the aldehydes gave good yields of the corresponding methyl compounds. Reactions were attempted using a protecting acetal group on some aldehydes, but these failed as the acetals were unstable. -- The ultraviolet spectra of 2- and 3-pyrrolecarbaldehydes obeyed the Beer-Lambert law and there was no evidence of association. The nuclear magnetic spectra, contrary to expectations, did not show long-range spin coupling to the aldehydic proton. The mass spectra of some new compounds are recorded. A suggested fragmentation pattern is given for 2-pyrrolecarbaldehyde, 3-pyrrolecarbaldehyde, l-methylpyrrole-2-carbaldehyde and 1-methylpyrrole-3-carbaldehyde.


identifier: Miller, Elizabeth Anne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Miller=3AElizabeth_Anne=3A=3A.html>   (1974) The treatment of women in Byron's Don Juan.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Much has been written about Byron’s Don Juan, it epic dimensions, its lively style, its biting satire, and its rambling digressions. In such studies, references are frequently made to the women in the poem and to the poet’s treatment of them; however, the treatment of women is scarcely considered as an exclusive topic of study. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the treatment of women in Don Juan both in general and specific terms, and to analyze how Byron reveals and utilizes certain aspects of his own personality to convey his attitudes more forcefully. -- The details of Byron’s life cannot be totally ignored; his unhappy relationships with women culminating in his unsuccessful marriage and bitter separation, and his own conviction that he was the most pursued of men, can certainly help to explain his attitudes towards women, marriage, and love. But the attitudes themselves are worthy of a more detailed analysis than critics have been willing to grant them. -- In this thesis, I propose to examine the treatment of women from two perspectives: the general attitudes towards women, marriage, and love, and the characterization of particular women who exemplify and reinforce these attitudes. The women in the poem are many and varied, but they share one essential point in common: each one initiates the relationship with Juan, and enmeshes him in a situation over which he, as a victim, has no control. -- Byron’s treatment of women throughout Don Juan is marked by scorn and contempt. Drawing on his reserves of wit and satiric humor, Byron give full expression to his chauvinism and egotism, with the intention of exposing women for what he believes they really are. Don Juan is not only a man’s poem about women, but the expression of a man’s bitter contempt for a group of human beings who fail to measure up to his expectations of them.


identifier: Pandey, Raj N. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pandey=3ARaj_N=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1967) The gas-phase oxidation of acetic acid by nitrogen dioxide.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis presents the results of a preliminary investigation of the gas-phase oxidation of acetic acid by nitrogen dioxide and is an example of a chemical process in which nitration competes with destructive oxidation of an organic molecule. The products of the reaction are CO, CO ₂, CH₃NO₂, NO, H₂O and possibly small quantities of N₂O and N₂. Carbon and nitrogen balances within 95% were obtained, about as expected when the analytical errors are considered. Small quantities of other products cannot be excluded. An induction period of ~900 seconds was observed at low temperature (~190°C) but no induction period was observable at 253.5°C. The induction period at low temperature indicates a complicated reaction mechanism. The rate using CH₃COOD indicated that carboxyl hydrogen abstraction reactions were kinetically important. For the same initial pressure of acetic acid and NO₂ the total pressure rise is not greatly changed by adding NO, or by using D- acid as the reactant. The reaction is auto catalysed by NO. With the techniques used the reaction rate was found to depend on the CH₃COOH and NO₂ concentrations but accurate orders could not be determined. As will be seen in the result section the method used is not suitable due to concurrent decomposition of NO₂. Although a final complete mechanism cannot be written at this time, the partial one discussed in this thesis has been suggested because it explains the formation of products and stimulates further study.


identifier: Percy, J. A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Percy=3AJ=2E_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1968) Tissue respiration and seasonal acclimatization in the American oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The respiration rates of excised gill, mantle and adductor muscle of the American Oyster, Crassostrea virginica  were measured by the Warburg technique, under various conditions of temperature and salinity and at various times during the summer and autumn. -- The relative rates of the tissues, when compared to gill respiration as a base, are similar to those reported for a number of other bivalves. -- The respiration rate of the mantle is inversely proportional to the Butler "condition" index of the oyster. This is attributed to glycogen accumulation. No significant correlation between "condition" index and either gill or adductor, muscle respiration was apparent, a probable consequence of the low, more stable glycogen content of these tissues. -- Dilution of the sea water medium to 13⁰/₀₀ results in stimulation of gill respiration, has no significant effect on mantle respiration, and severely inhibits adductor muscle respiration. -- Rate - temperature curves over the range 12°C - 40°C are presented for all three tissues. The maximum Q₁₀ coefficients for gill and mantle respiration and the minimum for adductor muscle respiration, occur in the 16°C - 20°C range. -- The respiration rates of gill and mantle, measured at 20°C in sea water of density 1.0250, declined by 16.8 percent and 18.4 percent, respectively, during late August - early September, indicating reverse acclimatization. The adductor muscle did not exhibit a corresponding decrease, and in fact its respiration rate may- have increased somewhat. -- It is concluded that the reverse acclimatization observed in gill, mantle and the intact animal is not attributable to a) seasonal fluctuations in "condition", because autumnal metabolic depression occurred over the whole "condition" range investigated, b) decreased ventilatory efficiency, because ventilation is not limiting under the experimental conditions or c) direct depressent action by the nervous system. The possible roles of intracellular changes and of nutritional and reproductive hormones, in the observed acclimatization effect are also discussed. -- The autumnal respiratory depression observed in the intact oyster can be partially accounted for by alterations in the metabolism of the major respiring tissues. -- A review of the occurrence of acclimatization in the Phylum Mollusca is presented.


identifier: Brooks, Byron A. (Byron Arthur) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Brooks=3AByron_A=2E_=28Byron_Arthur=29=3A=3A.html>   (1972) The relationship of personal problems to academic achievement among junior high school students in a rural area of Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The major purpose of this study was to investigate whether the number of personal problems of underachievers at the junior high school level is greater than the number of personal problems of average and overachievers. The variables of school, grade, sex, and intelligence were also examined in relationship to personal problems. -- During the months of February, March, and April, the data were collected for the study by means of a standardized test and teacher-made tests. On the basis of these results for the population of 455 junior high school students on the Trinity South Shore, ninety were randomly selected for the study. These students, who represented the population, fell into three distinct groups: thirty overachievers, thirty average achievers, and thirty underachievers. In May, the sample of students was given the Mooney Problem Check List. -- The data collected from the Check Lists were treated first in a descriptive manner and then by statistical analysis. The t-test of the difference between means for independent samples was used to test the difference between achievement groups, and also for areas of adjustment, grades, and sex. The Pearson product-moment correlation was used to investigate the relationship of intelligence to personal problems. -- The major findings of the study suggested that underachievers did not have significantly more problems than did the average achievers, except for the students at the below average level of intelligence where underachievers expressed more problems than did average achievers. Results of the study showed no significant difference in the number of problems of overachievers and underachievers for either level of intelligence. As for overachievers and average achievers, there was no significant difference in the number of problems of both groups, except for the students at the above average level of intelligence where the overachievers expressed more problems. -- Related findings in the study revealed that students had more problems concerning 'School' than they did for any other area of adjustment. The results also suggested that there was no significant difference in the number of problems of either grade, sex, or level of intelligence. -- For the field of guidance and counseling, the results of the investigation suggested that, in general, the number of personal problems of students is not significantly related to academic achievement or underachievement. In working with underachievers, greater success might be made if some other factors were related to the problem.


identifier: Kan, Timothy Tingtien <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kan=3ATimothy_Tingtien=3A=3A.html>   (1966) The gross anatomy of the Gadoid Fish, Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill) 1815, with emphasis on its osteology.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The systematics of the Gadidae is reviewed. Previous references to Urophycis are given. The general biology of Urophycis tenuis is presented. Definitions and synonyms of the teleost skeletal elements are listed. -- External characters, internal morphology, suid osteology of U. tenuis are described from 17 specimens from Holyrood Pond, St. Mary's Bay, Newfoundland. Viscera, skull, vertebral column and ribs, girdles, and fins are figured. -- The upper jaw is longer than the lower jaw and reaches as far back as the rear edge of the orbit. Along the lateral line there are 135 to 139 cycloid scales. -- The intestine is relatively long and heavily coiled. The physoclistous swimbladder is well-developed and related to the anterior vertebrae. -- The well-formed rostral cartilage performs as a key element in the antorbital portion of the skull. The fused frontals are the largest bones in the cranium. The opisthotics are large and bear moderately sized processes. There are 4 complete branchial arches but only 2 weak basibranchials. The 3rd pair of epibranchials are toothed. The posttemporal and supracleithrum are very weakly developed. -- The vertebral column is composed of 49 to 51 amphicoelous vertebrae. The 3rd and 4th vertebrae are modified to associate with the anterior end of the swimbladder. Parapophyses and ribs are borne by the 3rd and 4th vertebrae and all of the abdominal vertebrae except the last 2. A haemal funnel is formed by the first few anterior caudal vertebrae. Two hypurals, 1 epurals, 2 dorsal radials, and 2 ventral radials are associated with the last 3 vertebrae and support a number of caudal fin rays. The ultimate is of gadoid type. The spinal nerves leave the neural canal via open grooves between the bases of the neural arches and the postzygapophyses. Vertebral abnormalities occur on certain vertebrae in one specimen and are described.


identifier: Drodge, Susan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Drodge=3ASusan=3A=3A.html>   (1996) The feminist romantic : the revisionary rhetoric of Double negative, Naked poems, and Gyno-text.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: "The Feminist Romantic" argues for the revision of romantic rhetoric and structures in three Canadian feminist texts: Daphne Marlatt and Betsy Warland's Double Negative (1988), Phyllis Webb's Naked Poems (1965), and Lola Lemire Tostevin's Gyno-Text (1983). In its analysis of the textual challenges posed by contemporary feminist writing, it recurrently reads the various rhetorical tropes of these three texts against the poetry of Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, and Shelley--poetry likewise engaged on both thematic and structural levels with subjectivity and its ensuing problematics. This dissertation attends to the paradoxical position of the female writer attempting to write her self, her body, and her subjectivity within traditional textual conditions that have recurrently repressed woman and her feminine economy of representation. "The Feminist Romantic" recurrently points to the ways in which Double Negative, Naked Poems, and Gyno-Text appropriate canonical strategies to create textual space for female being and to pose epistemological challenges to the authority of the governing symbolic. The first chapter of this dissertation reads Double Negative's representations of desire, fragmentation, and female agency against the poetry of Coleridge, Blake, and Keats and further draws upon Wordsworth's Prelude to comparatively analyze the ways in which Marlatt and Warland's sequence ultimately calls into question its own affirmations and authority. The second chapter argues for Naked Poems' figurations of female desire and feminine subjectivity as a radical rewriting of The Prelude--a revision that interrogates the strategies and epistemological foundations of the precursor text. The third and concluding chapter turns to Gyno-Text's promotion of a 'new' discourse on the textual energy and authority of the maternal body and considers the ways in which this text draws upon the poetry of Wordsworth, Blake, Keats, and Shelley in a renewal of conventional representational strategies that takes into account the generative force of maternality. The critical and theoretical framework of this dissertation is provided by contemporary Canadian criticism, poststructuralist criticism, particularly that of Geoffrey H. Hartman and J. Douglas Kneale, and the theoretical writings of Julia Kristeva, Luce Irigaray, and Hélène Cixous.


identifier: Hopkins, Lloyd Cameron <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hopkins=3ALloyd_Cameron=3A=3A.html>   (1965) The Friedel-Crafts isopropylation of 2-substituted pyrrole derivatives.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Priedel-Crafts isopropylations of methyl 2-pyrrolecarboxylate, 2-acetylpyrrole, and 2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde have been investigated. Various Lewis acids were employed as catalysts and solvents included carbon disulfide, ethylene chloride, and nitromethane. The changes in product distribution and reaction rate with variations in substrate, solvent, catalyst and conditions of reaction are discussed. -- Under normal reaction conditions (carbon disulfide solvent, aluminum chloride catalyst, 50°0.) the alkylation of methyl 2-pyrrolecarboxylate gave the 4-isopropyl, 5-isopropyl and 4,5-diisopropyl-2-esters, all of which have been isolated and identified. It was found that while the 4-isopropyl-2-ester rearranged to the 5-isopropyl-2-esters  under the reaction conditions, neither the latter nor the 4,5-diisopropyl-2-ester underwent any change. The behaviour of 2-acetylpyrrole under Friedel-Crafts conditions was similar to that of the ester but alkylation was more complete and occurred predominantly at the 4-position giving much less of the other products. Also, the 4-isopropyl group did not rearrange as readily as that of the ester. In marked contrast to the other substrates, 2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde underwent reaction very rapidly to give only the 4-isopropyl-2-carboxaldehyde which was shown not to rearrange. -- Ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the various pyrrole derivatives are discussed. N. m. r. studies indicate that substantial changes in the electron density pattern of the pyrrole ring are brought about by donor-acceptor complexing between the Lewis acid and the carbonyl oxygen of the substrate molecules. The relative strength of complexing along the series: aldehyde>ketone>ester, is considered to provide a partial explanation of the product distributions observed in Friedel-Crafts isopropylation. -- Molecular orbital calculations of localization energies for electrophilic attack on 2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde have been found to account satisfactorily for the results which have been observed in nitration. As well, in agreement with experiment, the calculations indicate that complexing of the carbonyl oxygen with Lewis acids, as in the Friedel-Crafts reaction, should greatly favor substitution at the 4-position.


identifier: Ennis, G. P. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ennis=3AG=2E_P=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1969) The biology of the shorthorn sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius (L.) in Newfoundland waters.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The shorthorn sculpin Myoxoaephalus scorpius is not fished commercially in Newfoundland. Its biology, based primarily on year-round monthly samples from Bay Bulls and on direct observations in its natural environment while scuba diving, is presented. -- The nomenclature of the species is reviewed briefly. -- The length frequencies of males were normally distributed but those of the females were more evenly distributed throughout their range of lengths. Females attain larger sizes and, on the average, are larger than the males. -- Various length-weight relationships, including whole, gutted and fillet weights, for each sex are given as well as seasonal changes in the coefficient of condition. -- Average length-at-age data were fitted to the von Bertalanffy equation. Below age 4 the growth rates of males and females were little different but above age 4 the females grew much faster than the males. The difference between average length-at-age for males and females became progressively larger with age. Analysis of the age composition of the populations sampled showed definite year-class dominance. -- Males were found to mature at a younger age and at a smaller size than females. In any age group where there were mature and immature specimens the mature ones, on the average, were larger. -- Ripening ovaries were found to contain 3 generations of ova which were evenly distributed throughout the ovary. Oogenesis takes about 2½ years. Spawning starts in late November to early December and lasts for about one month. The eggs are deposited in clumps in crevices usually in about 20-35 ft of water and after spawning the females move away from the spawning area into deeper water. The mature males remain behind and guard the eggs until they hatch. At temperatures near 0.0°C embryonic development takes over 3 months. Hatching starts about mid-March, reaches a peak towards the end of March and is completed early in April. Newly- hatched larvae were observed to occupy all layers of the water column where the water was about 25-30 ft deep but were concentrated about 2 ft off the bottom. They were observed to swim upwards and to sink downwards in the water column. Mature females produced between 4000 and 61,000 eggs depending on size. -- Shorthorn sculpins are omnivorous carnivores and scavengers. The bulk of their food is benthic invertebrates, mainly crabs, but small, bottom-living fishes form a fairly large part of their diet. Feeding activity changes throughout the year and is considerably reduced before and during the spawning period. They have a rich parasitic fauna, including a variety of trematodes a and nematodes internally and amphipods and hirudineans externally.


identifier: Poder, Peter <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Poder=3APeter=3A=3A.html>   (1969) The economics of electric power: demand projections for Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Power development is making news at the present time. Recently the generating capacity of the electric power industry in Newfoundland has been increasing quite rapidly due to the Bay d’Espoir Hydro project, and numerous other smaller power development projects. With the first phase of the Churchill Falls hydro electric development in 1972 nearing completion, the power generation potential of this province will again increase substantially. -- It seems appropriate at this time, in the midst of these power developments, to investigate the present position of Newfoundland as regards to electric poser, and to ascertain future requirements. In order for any planning in the electric power industry to be successful the future demand, as well as the supply, should be ascertained. The first step in planning, is one of the demand for power. The market must be analysed and the demand for power projected into the future. The controversy today is whether the future requirements for electric power in Newfoundland should be met by the transmission of power from Labrador (Churchill Falls) to Newfoundland, or whether the existing hydro and thermal plants should be supplemented by the construction of additional power projects on the Island. Before the decision can be made future power requirements should be estimated. If future demand is expected to increase rapidly then it may be more economical to transmit power from Labrador or even construct a nuclear plant on the Island of Newfoundland. However if the demand will only increase slightly such measures are not appropriate. -- The method of analysis employed in this thesis is the interindustry or input-output analysis. This method takes into account all the interindustry relationships and interdependencies. Instead of projecting power requirements by each sector of the economy and adding these together, we should take into account the whole interrelationships among the sectors of the economy, by means of the input-output table, to determine the ultimate demand.


identifier: Azam, Mohammad <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Azam=3AMohammad=3A=3A.html>   (1973) The emission spectrum of Selenium monoxide.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The emission spectrum of Se0 was excited in an electrode-less discharge tube containing Selenium dioxide powder by means of a high power microwave generator. Two new band systems of Se0 in the photographic infrared region 10 780 - 9490 Å consisting of 46 bands degraded to longer wavelengths have been observed for the first time. The vibrational analysis of one band system which consists of several double-headed bands shows that it arises from the forbidden transition b ¹Ʃ⁺ - X ³Ʃ⁻ . The double-headed bands have been analyzed as belonging to the ¹Ʃ⁺ - X ³Ʃ⁻(F₁) and ¹Ʃ⁺ - X ³Ʃ⁻(F₂,F₃) sub-systems. The separations between the corresponding band heads of these two sub-systems are consistent with the expected value of ⁻2λ  , λ (= 86.4 cm⁻¹) being the splitting constant of the ³Ʃ⁻ state derived by Barrow and Deutsch (1963) from a detailed rotational analysis of the B ³Ʃ⁻ - X ³Ʃ⁻ system of Se0. The vibrational assignments are confirmed by the observed isotope band heads of ⁸²Se0, ⁸⁰Se0, ⁷⁸Se0, and ⁷⁶Se0. The second band system which consists of a single sequence of bands in the region 10 780 - 10 500 Å is tentatively assigned to the probable transition a(¹∆) - X ³Ʃ⁻ of Se0. -- The known emission spectrum of Se0 in the far ultraviolet region 2490 - 1930 Å was photographed and a re-analysis of the bands has been presented. The re-analysis includes a fairly complete vibrational analysis of three band systems, c(¹Ʃ⁺) - b(¹Ʃ⁺), C(³π) - X ³Ʃ⁻ and D(³Ʃ⁻) - X ³Ʃ⁻ and a tentative vibrational analysis of two brief systems x₂ - x₁ and y₂ - y₁. The lower state of the c(¹Ʃ⁺) - b(¹Ʃ⁺) system is found to be the upper state of the b(¹Ʃ⁺) - X ³Ʃ⁻ system mentioned above. -- The constants of ⁸⁰Se0 derived from these vibrational analyses are as follows (the constants for the X state are those derived by Barrow and Deutsch, 1963): -- [table in abstract is omitted]


identifier: Pinhorn, A. T. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pinhorn=3AA=2E_T=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1961) Effects of photoperiods on the behaviour patterns of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar L.).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The behaviour patterns of Juvenile Atlantic salmon exposed to photoperiods (light-exposed fish) and of those exposed to control conditions (control fish) were compared. A negative phototaxis was exhibited by both control and light-exposed fish. The intensity of the light stimulus had very little effect on the intensity of the phototaxis in the light-exposed fish, while the control fish showed an increase in the intensity of the phototaxis with an increase in the intensity of the light stimulus. The control fish showed an increase in the reaction to the light stimulus the longer the stimulus was applied at the higher levels of stimulation, while the light-exposed fish exhibited this behaviour at the lower levels of stimulation. Both the control and light-exposed fish preferred currents to still water, but the preference of the light-exposed fish was stronger than that of the control fish. The control fish tended to avoid the faster flowing water to a greater extent than the light-exposed fish, while the latter were more sensitive to changes in current intensity. In a vertical light gradient, the light-exposed fish were very active, moving rapidly up and down the water column, while the control fish were relatively quiescent and settled to the bottom at low light intensities. In a horizontal light gradient, the control and light-exposed fish remained in the areas of low light intensities. Both groups showed a stronger avoidance of the light sources of higher Intensities, but tended to move into the brighter areas with low light sources. The control fish exhibited a stronger reaction to the less intense light gradients than the light-exposed fish, whereas the latter showed the stronger avoidance reaction to the more Intense light sources. These differences in behaviour are attributed to the increased activity and sensitivity of the light-exposed fish, resulting from their exposure to photoperiods. It is shown that the control fish behaved similarly to the salmon parr, while the light-exposed fish behaved similarly to the migrating salmon smolts. The significance of the behaviour patterns studied is discussed in relation to the downstream migration of Atlantic salmon.


identifier: Carpenter, Edward Ross <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Carpenter=3AEdward_Ross=3A=3A.html>   (1969) The still point concept in four major novels of Ernest Hemingway.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis has no abstract.


identifier: Clouter, Maynard J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Clouter=3AMaynard_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1975) The pressure-induced fundamental vibrational spectrum of chlorine at 298°K.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis has no abstract.


identifier: Fagan, Bonaventure <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Fagan=3ABonaventure=3A=3A.html>   (1972) The literary criticism of William Hazlitt.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: William Hazlitt frankly declared his critical writings to be nothing other than the expression of his feeling for literature. Rejecting the use of some abstract theory to serve as an a priori criterion for literature, Hazlitt posited that truly expressed feeling, if the latter was of sufficient intensity, would supply its own intuitive standard. Hazlitt's expression took the form of description, the main element of which was metaphor. -- The question of whether or not there is a nontheoretical way to determine the reliability of Hazlitt's intuitive expression forms the basis for this thesis. By examining the metaphors throughout the body of critical essays it was found that there are structures, metaphoric in nature, which provide examples of the self-unifying and self-validating power that Hazlitt claimed feeling to have. -- Of the many metaphoric structures, large and small, found in the criticism two are treated in detail. Chapter II delineates the water metaphor which assumes a cyclic pattern while Chapter III is concerned with the smelting metaphor, a more linear type structure. -- Using Hazlitt's call for the expression of feeling as a starting point and illustrating that position's validity, we are able to assert that Hazlitt's criticism is more than a collection of individual essays or books - it is a work of art.


identifier: Clark, A. M. S. (Anthony Miles Stapelton) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Clark=3AA=2E_M=2E_S=2E_=28Anthony_Miles_Stapelton=29=3A=3A.html>   (1970) A structural reinterpretation of the Aillik Series, Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The main body of the Makkovik Peninsula, between Makkovik and Kaipokok Bays, Labrador (latitude 55°N, longitude 59°W), was mapped on a scale of 1 in. to 2000 ft., and microscopic investigation carried out on samples collected in the field, in order to determine the geological history of the Aillik Series. -- The structural complexity of the Aillik Series has been shown to be considerably greater than envisaged by previous workers. It has definitely undergone three phases of deformation, and probably more. The occurrence of the first of these three deformations in some of the lithologic units, but not in others, is considered to indicate a post-first deformation age of deposition for the unaffected units. The Aillik Series is thus divided into an older and a younger sequence, both of which have undergone the second and third deformations. -- The older sequence consists of very feldspathic, compositionally banded psammites of unknown origin. The younger sequence consists of feldspathic cross-bedded psammite, conglomerate, feldspathic psammite with quartz phenocrysts, and amphibolitised basic pillow lavas. These quartz phenocrysts (which may be of secondary origin) in one psammite unit indicate an association with high-level acid igneous activity. The very feldspathic nature of all of the psammites of both the older and younger sequences also suggests such an association. -- The first recognisable deformation, and probably earlier deformations, produced complex compositional banding in the older sequence. The second deformation caused the transposition of this banding in the older sequence, the production of a penetrative mineral orientation throughout the area in both sequences, and the development of mylonitic banding in some members of both sequences. A large recumbent anticline, numerous small folds, boudins, small slides, and possibly a large slide, were also developed during the second deformation. A large antiform and several minor structures were produced during the third deformation, though only occasionally occurring, imperfectly formed fabrics were developed. -- The metamorphic grade during the second deformation was variable. Low amphibolite facies metamorphism affected the whole of the Aillik Series, with higher grade metamorphism occurring in parts of the older sequence. -- Early dioritic orthogneiss has been intruded by a pre- or syn-second deformation granitic gneiss. Feldspar porphyritic diorite intrusions and granitic pegmatite veins show second deformation structures. Late-stage basalt, diorite and net-vein diorite intrusions show no deformational structures or fabrics. -- The quartzo-feldspathic nature of the rocks, and the lack of acicular or platey minerals, makes evaluation of the structural history extremely difficult. This difficulty is compounded by the late-stage annealing recrystallisation and development of polygonal fabric, which has almost completely destroyed earlier fabrics.


identifier: Cramm, Frank <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cramm=3AFrank=3A=3A.html>   (1961) The construction of the Newfoundland railway, 1875-1898.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: For hundreds of years after its discovery Newfoundland was a fishing community. The lack of an agricultural hinterland produced an environment of isolation, ignorance, poverty and a credit system which tended to produce a stagnant economy, and which was not conducive to industrial development. However, the pressure of a growing population, concentrated along the shoreline, combined with frequent failures in the fishery, caused widespread distress and hardship in the 1860’s. It was under such conditions that the idea of a railway across Newfoundland was first seriously considered. The discovery of minerals and visions of international transportation and communication created an optimistic atmosphere in the Newfoundland Legislature, which led to a railway survey in 1875. The policy of the British Government because of the existence of the French Shore, however, forced the Government to postpone the commencement of construction for three years. The British prevented the construction of a terminus on the French Shore thus making the previous theories of international transportation inapplicable. In 1861 the government signed a railway contract with the Newfoundland Railway Company for a construction of a railway from St. John’s to Halls Bay (Green Bay). However, the company declared itself bankrupt when the railway was completed only as far as Whitbourne, with a branch line to Harbour Grace. Thorburn’s administration (1885-89) was more conservative with respect to railway construction. It supervised the construction of a branch to Placentia, but was accused of building it merely to strengthen their majority in the House of Assembly. W.V. Whiteway returned to power in 1889 and in 1890 a contract was signed with R. Reid which enabled him to continue construction as far as Port aux Basques. Construction was completed in the fall of 1897 and the first train operated over the line in June, 1898. However, the public debt accumulated through railway developments had become the main obstacle to confederation in the 1890’s and was to become the largest single cause of the financial collapse of 1934.


identifier: Smith, Marjorie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3AMarjorie=3A=3A.html>   (1968) Newfoundland, 1815-1840 : a study of a merchantocracy.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The period of the Napoleonic Wars marked the virtual extinction of the transient fishery between England and Newfoundland. The British government finally agreed to grant Newfoundland the basic institutions of other colonies. During this period, there was a power struggle between the various groups to control the institutions just being firmly established. -- The merchant class, still transient in nature, and not interested in the colony's welfare, was divided among itself. The West Country merchants, centred in the out-ports, tried to prevent the rising dominance of the newer Scottish houses centred in St. John's. The grant of a local legislature insured the victory of the St. John's merchants. -- The Irish Catholic church, inspired by the success of emancipation in Ireland, demanded its fair share of political and religious power. In this struggle, economics reinforced religious differences, as the majority of the Catholics were fishermen while the merchants were mainly Anglican. The wealthy Catholic merchants were forced to choose between the demands of class and of religion. The Anglican church strongly supported the views and outlook of the merchant class, and so religious and political strife reinforced one another. The result was a political stalemate in the legislature and religious riots in the country until the Catholics were accommodated within the political system. -- The system of justice was not able to become independent of the merchant class as there was no body of educated men in the colony independent of merchant control. The primary credit relation in the fishery, the right of the servant to follow the fish and oil, and the law of current supply, were given a fixed legal definition by Francis Forbes and economic fluidity was sacrificed for security. -- The attempt of the Liberal members of the assembly to establish a public system of education failed as the merchants supported the churches' desire to provide paternalistic, socially sound education, reinforced by religious authority. There was no attempt by the people to develop their own common schools as they did in the other colonies so denominational education was established. -- The merchant class made various attempts to solve the basic economic problem in Newfoundland - the over-dependence of the people on an industry subject to great fluctuation of markets and prices. However, they were unwilling to consider any solution which challenged their own dominance, so the people were placated by relief payments. -- By the 1840's, the merchants controlled every institution in Newfoundland society. "Merchantocracy" rather than "democracy" prevailed.