title: Variable interval schedule control of dispersion and density

subject:
Reinforcement (Psychology)
Rats Behavior

abstract:
The effects of Variable Interval (VI)
schedules of reinforcement on the dispersion
patterns and aggregate densities of a small
population of rats was studied. Eight male rats
were permanently housed in an arena in which food
pellets were delivered to eight food troughs when
a bar press response followed a scheduled period
of time. Once every minute for each 30 minute
session the dispersion and density of the rats in
the arena was recorded. There were 20 sessions in
which the rats were exposed to each of the
following VI values; 5, 10, 20, *40 and 80.
Gradual changes in dispersion and density over
ascending VI values were observed and formed
curvilinear U-shaped relationships. This supports
the contention that VI schedules of reinforcement
influence the spatial and temporal dispersion and
density of rat colony members. It is suggested
that ecological data can be studied in terms of
operant behavioural principles.


title: Examination of the cue-reactivity of reports of gambling wins

subject:
Gambling (Psychological aspects)
Compulsive gamblers (Psychology)
Gamblers (Psychology)

abstract:
The present study explored the cue-reactivity associated with reports of gambling
wins. A 61-item questionnaire administered via the Internet collected information on
gambling behaviours, effects of reports of large gambling wins, and thoughts that
might underlie either the activation or the inhibition of gambling behaviour in
response to these reports. The sample consisted of 46 females and 135 males (one
individual not indicating gender) for a total of 182 respondents, with mean age of
32.3 years. Reports of wins from friends or relatives and those that were read,
elicited significantly stronger urges to gamble than stories of wins on television.
Gamblers were most likely to act on urges to gamble because of emotional reasons
such as, “I just feel the urge to gamble” and “I really want to win a similar amount”.
Finally, individuals who exhibit pathological gambling behaviours were more
susceptible to feeling urges after hearing about the reports of other people’s wins and
were more likely to report acting on these urges.


title: From divestment to climate justice: perspectives from university fossil fuel divestment campaigns

contributor:
Levkoe, Charles
Galway, Lindsay
Berger, Paul

subject:
Planetary health
Climate justice
Environmental justice
Fossil fuel divestment

abstract:
The Fossil Fuel Divestment (FFD) Movement has helped facilitate a global transition away from
fossil fuels by stigmatizing the sector’s public image. The movement has been claimed to be
rooted in climate justice, a framework that addresses the history of land domination, neoliberal
capitalism, and the unequal distribution of environmental burdens. The literature on FFD
indicates that in addition to keeping carbon reserves in the ground, FFD campaigns have
provided space for settler students to learn about the ongoing colonialism of Indigenous land and
have given them the opportunity to create alliances with frontline communities. Despite these
accomplishments, FFD campaigns can reproduce the inequities of the dominant racist and
colonial systems and reinforce the very market-based approaches that climate justice activists
have rejected. Furthermore, campaigns lack diverse memberships and thus divestment can be
perceived as a tactic of the privileged which can contribute to misunderstandings of what
“counts” as climate justice work. Using movement-relevant theory and a climate justice
principles framework informed by scholarly and movement literature in the fields of planetary
health, environmental justice and climate justice, I articulate three principles—Values,
Participation and Recognition—to explore how university-based FFD campaigns have
operationalized climate justice in their strategies and practices. I employed a multiple case study
of three FFD campaigns across Canada and collected and analyzed data from public campaign
documents and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with core organizers from each campaign.
Through the CJ principles framework, I used a priori coding schema to deduct codes based on
the three principles. The findings of this research identified that climate justice principles were
operationalized through 1) Climate justice messaging through divestment arguments and popular
education; 2) Equitable movement-building practices through community-building, accessibility
and care and; 3) Frontline and movement solidarity through collaboration, relationship-building
and community reinvestment. This study also identified the barriers and contradictions present in
the integration of CJ. The key implications of this research can provide opportunities for further
application of CJ. These include monitoring the reinvestment of divested funds to ensure that
harm is not further perpetuated by investment in other exploitative sectors, to incorporate
intentional recruitment strategies and formalized processes for decision-making to recruit and
retain diverse organizers, and to prioritize the creation and maintenance of long-term
relationships in their solidarity efforts.


title: The effect of size, value, and arrangement on perceived numerosity

subject: Perception

abstract: Numerosity (perceived quantity) is shown in four experiments to vary with several factors: item-size, item-value, pattern size, and possibly the arrangement of items within patterns.


title: Study of Chondrostereum purpureum and its role in the decline of white birch in Thunder Bay

contributor:
Setliff, Edson C.
Farmer, R. E.
Macdonald, Alastair D.

subject:
Paper birch Ontario Thunder Bay
Chondrostereum purpureum
Birch dieback and decline
Crystalline
Secondary metabolite
Pathogenicity

abstract:
Various aspects of the biology of Chondrostereum
purpureum (Pers.:Fr.) Pouz. and its role in dieback and
decline of white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) were
studied. (1) Sixty-nine trees which exhibited symptoms of
dieback and decline were sampled for C. purpureum infection
in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Using a variety of sampling
methods, including boring, and trunk and branch dissection,
C, purpureum was isolated from 26 (38%) of 69 trees
sampled. The increment borer sampling technique proved to
be the most efficient method of isolating the pathogen, in
terms of combining ease of execution and good success rate.
(2) The pathogenicity of C. purpureum to birch seedlings
was tested. All twenty—six seedlings infected with
mycelium developed open wounds, 12 of which cankered,
whereas the wounds in 26 controls closed within 4—6 weeks.
Progress of the infection varied. Spread of the canker
from the wound site (including stem girdling and dieback in
two seedlings), spread through the xylem and formation of
cankers further up the stem, and apparent containment of
the infection at the wound site were observed. (3) The
properties of white needle-like crystals which formed on
heavy spore casts were investigated. The filamentous
crystals were composed of a sesquiterpene compound
(Cj^gH2gO, M^ 222, m.p. 136°C) similar to ( + )-torreyol . (4)
The"^sexual ity of C. purpureum was investigated. The fungus
is heterothal1ic, with tetrapolar sexual differentiation.
Anomalies such as unilateral compatibility and unequal
abundance of clamps and fruiting in compatible pairings
were observed. (5) A method of inducing growth of C.
purpureum basidiocarps and their storage was devised.


title: Constraints on the formation of depositional placer accumulations in coarse alluvial braided river systems

subject:
Placer deposits
River sediments

abstract:
Placer accumulations are formed by the preferential sedimentation of heavy
minerals from the general population of detritus being transported by a fluid. The depth,
velocity, and grain size conditions under which placers form on beaches,
sand-dominated meandering, and braided fluvial systems is at present only partially
understood. Our knowledge of the controls on alluvial placer formation in
gravel-dominated longitudinal bars of braided rivers is even more poorly developed
despite their obvious economic importance.
The accumulation of heavy minerals in coarse-grained longitudinal gravel bars
was studied by examining and sampling surficial and matrix sediments from modem,
naturally occurring bars, and by simulating these bars under a variety of controlled flow
conditions in a sediment-water recirculating flume.
Two processes dominated the deposition of sediments in both the natural and
artificial systems studied: 1) suspension rain out; and 2) avalanche face progradadon.
Sediments which were deposited as a result of avalanche face progradation were found
to contain significantly higher concentrations of heavy minerals in both the naturally
occurring and experimental longitudinal gravel bars. Data also indicate that the
difference in heavy mineral content amongst sediments deposited as a result of these two
processes will increase substantially with increasing density of the detrital minerals
present. This suggests that denser heavy minerals are more likely to be deposited
amongst less dense surficial sediments whereas less dense heavy minerals are more
likely to be vertically distributed throughout the bar sequence.
In the natural systems studied, heavy mineral content was found to be much
higher in poorly sorted, coarse-grained sediments deposited amongst pebble sized clasts.
Flume tank experimentation similarly revealed that detrital lead content was highest
amongst pebble sized clasts during the fastest velocity runs. In addition, an increase in
clast size resulted in a decrease in the amount of heavy minerals accumulating in surficial
sediments.
This study has also highlighted two processes which result in the formation of
alluvial depositional placer accumulations in coarse-grained braided river systems. The
first process occurs as a result of heavy minerals in channel bottom sediments becoming
progressively enriched through the winnowing of less dense sediments, resulting in the
formation of an erosional placer deposit. Flume experimentation revealed that when
high concentrations of heavy minerals armouring the stream-bed were reached, this often resulted in the initiation of their movement downstream. This process can also be
triggered by catastrophic events such as large floods or regional tectonic uplift. A
sudden increase in energy typically associated with such events results in the flushing of
erosional placers and their eventual deposition in areas of higher preservation potential.
Therefore, a catastrophic adjustment helps to flush out erosional placer deposits into the
basin to form a depositional placer accumulation. The second process of depositional
placer formation results from heavy minerals travelling in bed load transport, while less
dense sediments are kept mostly in suspension. With a decrease in velocity, heavy
minerals are sedimented with hydraulically equivalent sized, less dense sediments in
open framework gravels.


title: Attractiveness and body image : the mediating role of body mass index

subject: Body image

subject: Psychological correlates of attractiveness

subject: Attractiveness and body image

subject: Physical correlates of attractiveness

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between certain psychological and
physical attributes and attractiveness in males and females. The psychological attributes studied
included body-esteem, intelligence, and academic achievement. The physical attributes included
body mass index (BMl) and the fluctuating asymmetry of 17 bilateral traits of the body. Seventy six
female and 77 male undergraduate students from Lakehead University participated in the
study. Pictures of the participants were taken (face, both head profiles, and full frontal profile),
their hands were scanned, imprints of their feet were obtained, and their height and weight were
measured. They also completed the Concerns about Shape and Weight Scale as a measure of
body-esteem, and the Shipley Institute for Living Scale as an index of IQ. Sixteen raters
evaluated participants' attractiveness from the facial and whole person pictures. BMI and body-esteem
were correlated with attractiveness, with BMI being a much stronger correlate of
attractiveness for females than for males. Also, females reported greater concerns about shape
and weight. Finally, the relationship between attractiveness and body-esteem was mediated by
BMI. These results do not replicate the Davis et al. (2001; 2000) studies where more facially
attractive females had greater weight and shape concerns. This study supports the idea of a
"looking glass self where our own self-perceptions reflect the perceptions of others about our
appearance.


title: Implementing a tree pruning cycle into the city of Thunder Bay

subject:
Urban forestry
Tree pruning

abstract:
Several cities in Ontario and across Canada were contacted regarding their tree
pruning programs. Of the ten from Ontario that responded, seven had a cyclical tree
pruning program. Annual budgets ranged from $50,000 up to $2.2 million with an
average being $739,000. Pruning cycles ranged from five-to-ten years. Most pruning
was conducted year round and most cities relied on both city staff and contractors. Most
of the cities started up a cyclical tree pruning program in order to reduce maintenance
costs and improve tree health. The downsides when reported were mainly the cost of the
program, inconsistent pruning standards from staff and contractors, and dealing with
complaints from residents. However, the benefits far outweighed the costs and it is
recommended that Thunder Bay should adopt a cyclical tree pruning program as
recommended in the Urban Forest Management Plan for Thunder Bay (Davey Resource
Group, 2011).


title: Long range ecological restoration plan for the Lake of the  Woods using waterbird guilds as indicator species

subject:
Ecological restoration
Climate change
Lake of the Woods
Waterbirds
Threats to waterbirds and wetlands

abstract:
This thesis explores a long-term ecological restoration plan for the Lake of the
Woods area using waterbird guilds as indicator species to plan, adjust and minimize
climatic affects in the future. In a time of rapid global climate change, it is important to
develop conservation strategies that will adjust to critical habitats that are essential for
the persistence of species with diverse and dispersed requirements. Lake of the Woods is
a unique location as it is an inland island composed of a variety of ecosystems with rare
and threatened species, including the piping plover (Charadrius melodus), black tern
(Chlidonias niger), yellow rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis), and yellow-headed
blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus). In this paper, I briefly review historic data
on Lake of the Woods and predicted population trends of indicator waterbird species to
show evidence of how recent climate change has already affected populations. This will
assist with the consideration of areas on Lake of the Woods that can be used to mitigate
effects with ecological restoration.


title: This little piggy goes to market : the Ontario hog producers and the development of controlled marketing

subject:
Marketing boards Ontario
Swine Marketing Ontario

abstract:
Imagine being a wheat farmer, working against unpredictable forces to produce
grain for the commercial market. You wonder if the weather will co-operate to provide
you with good planting, growing and harvesting conditions, and enable you to pay
enough to the bank to ensure that it will not foreclose on your account and force you to
lose everything. You take your grain to the elevator, located many miles away, to accept
whatever price the grain company will pay you. Or imagine being a hog farmer, dealing
with similarly harsh conditions, unsure as to whether your herd may be wiped out by
disease and fearful the domestic or international market may turn against your product.
As you send your hogs to market, you, and thousands of farmers like you, are forced to
accept the price offered by the few meat-packing companies that dominate the market.
These are the very problems Canadian farmers faced throughout much of their history.
What options did farmers have? Urban workers could unionize and negotiate with
management, but with what management were farmers to negotiate? And how would
you bring all the farmers together around one goal, if they, unlike factory workers, did
not congregate daily in one place? Canadian farmers experimented with several different
methods of dealing with these problems, from becoming actively involved in politics to
establishing voluntary co-operatives and finally, through lobbying the federal and
provincial governments to create compulsory marketing boards, akin to workers unions.
Some of these attempts were successful, while others resulted in failure and
disappointment for farmers.


title: Beyond the problem and the intervention: understanding contextual factors influencing adoption of a comprehensive school health program

contributor:
Moller, Helle
Chambers, Joan
Wakewich, Pam

subject: Determinants and implications of childhood obesity

subject: Health promoting schools/comprehensive school health

subject: Adoption & implementation of school health programs

subject: Go Girls! program

subject: Childhood physical inactivity and it's implications

abstract:
The focus of this qualitative research was to explore the factors that influence schools' decisions to adopt a comprehensive school health program - Go Girls! in Thunder Bay, Ontario. I interviewed administrators and teachers in four different schools who had been involved with having the Go Girls! program delivered in their schools and key informants involved in program delivery in various ways. Go Girls! is a healthy active living program delivered by a community organization for Grades seven and eight female students. A multiple case study approach was used to provide an in-depth understanding of
the decision-making process for adopting the program within the specific schools' contexts.
My analysis reinforces the idea that evidence-based interventions do not guarantee that such interventions fit in all settings. Findings from this study suggest that compatibility of the program to existing school values and its ability to address the needs of students were foremost in the schools' decision to adopt the program - a driver to adoption was the interplay of students' needs, often connected to several social determinants of health and the schools' resources. The fact that the school had little to no responsibility in program delivery contributed to the ease of adopting the program. Results from this study highlight the ways in which the composition of a school’s student body affects the need for and usefulness of programs offered by external organizations within the school setting and school time. This information can be used as a resource for those who design school health programs. In addition, schools that are considering adopting similar programs can draw on lessons learnt by administrators from participating schools and the ways in which they incorporated Go Girls! within the schedule of their school day.


title: A Case Study of Elementary Schoolchildren’s Perspectives on Character: An Exploration using a Children’s Rights Participatory Framework

subject:
Character education
Moral education
Student conduct
Children's rights

abstract:
There has been for educators of schoolchildren internationally a renewed interest in ‘character education’ (e.g., Brabeck & Rogers, 2000; Caspo 2001; Covell & Howe, 2001; Halstead & Pike, 2006; Hussar & Harris, 2010; Friday, 2004; Pamental, 2010). Since children’s voices are largely absent from such discussions, this qualitative case study involving grade six students explores, from the perspective of children: a) the nature of character generally, b) how ‘good character’, as defined by the children, develops; as well as c) children’s opinions in particular on the school’s role, if any, in character development. In addition, the research investigates the impact on children’s notions of good character and their feelings of empowerment when provided with an opportunity to engage in meaningful social action of their own design. Also considered are the implications of the findings for strategies in developing school character education initiatives that better respect and allow for children’s participation. The method used was that of semi-structured individual interview and focus group sessions. Some of the central findings relating to the children’s views on character and its development included the following: a) the child study participants articulated complex notions about character and its development. The children realized that situational factors could influence behaviour and that an individual’s behaviour does not always reflect consistency across situations despite any underlying
basic character traits; b) the participants recognized the difficulty in assessing someone’s character
and cautioned against hasty judgements inferred from behaviour; c) the children expressed the view
that positive character traits (as perceived by them) are correlated with positive personal relationships
and improved quality of life; d) the participants further held the view that people have different
strengths and weakness and that tolerance and valuing individuality in oneself and others builds what
they referred to as good character; and e) the children acknowledged that while biology/genetics may
have something to do with character development, direct teaching, direct experiences and role
modelling are also critical factors in character development.


title: Bad medicine : a critique of health care discourse on Aboriginal populations in Canada

subject: Native peoples Health and hygiene Canada

subject: Native peoples Medical care Canada

abstract:
For many years, voices from Aboriginal populations living in Canada have called
attention to the fact that significant challenges exist to their pursuit of good health and
well-being. Unsurprisingly, perhaps, this trend is not unique to the boundaries of
Canada, but is instead reproduced in other parts of the world by different indigenous
peoples. In Canada, Aboriginal peoples endure poorer health outcomes in a majority of
measures when compared with figures for the overall population. In some instances,
these differences are profound.
Interestingly, these challenges are visible elsewhere in the Canadian context, in other
arenas where Aboriginal peoples come into contact with dominant societal institutions.
These challenges have been most clearly documented with respect to the entire edifice of
justice (for a compelling overview of the relationship between the justice system see, for
instance, Ross, 1992, Report of the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry, 1991 and the Royal
Commission on Aboriginal Peoples [RCAP], 1996).
There have been no shortage of calls from within the health care establishment to address
this situation and efforts have been made to reform curricula and even institutions to the
end of rectifying the problem, largely under the guise of the multicultural paradigm Canada so proudly espouses. These efforts have focused on improving relations between
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities through increased tolerance, understanding,
and so on.


title: Governor control for Kakabeka Falls Generating Station

subject: Governors (Machinery)

subject: Hydroelectric power plants Ontario Kakabeka Falls Automatic control

abstract:
This thesis examines a specific problem of governor control on a set of hydroelectric
turbines that suffer from severe wicket gate leakage. Linear modeling and the steady state
behavior of each turbine is investigated and used to determine the best means of speed
control. Findings show that a secondary water control device may be used with the
wicket gates to alleviate the effects o f leakage while the generator is disconnected from
the transmission system. The control method results in two distinct modes of turbine
operation, with each having significantly different dynamic characteristics.
A digital speed droop governor scheme is considered in a gain scheduling arrangement to
account for the two operating modes. The stability boundaries of the governor parameters
are investigated, and an output feedback cost minimization algorithm is used for
obtaining controller gains. An outline of the software used to implement the governor on
an industrial programmable controller is presented, and the experimental performance for
the turbines is compared to the theoretically developed model.


title: Design, simulation and control of a 12 DOF biped robot

subject:
Robotics
Mobile robots
Design and construction
Kinematics
Motion
Control systems
Bipedalism

abstract: The field of humanoid robotics has in the last several decades taken off as an active area of research. The goal of this field id to build robots which by having a human-like form will be able to work in environments designed for people. An important part of this challenge is the development of biped walking robots. This thesis presents the design, simulation and control of a twelve degree of freedom biped walking robot.


title: A nonlinear energy sink with energy harvester

subject: Active and semi active vibration control

subject: Electrical damping

subject: Energy harvesting

subject: Harmonically forced responses

subject: Nonlinear energy sink (NES)

subject: Passive vibration absorption

abstract:
The transfer of energy between systems is a natural process, manifesting in many different ways. In engineering transferable energy can be considered wanted or un- wanted. Specifically in mechanical systems, energy transfer can occur as unwanted vibrations, passing from a source to a receiver. In electrical systems, energy trans- fer can be desirable, where energy from a source may be used elsewhere. This work proposes a method to combine the two, converting unwanted mechanical ener- gy into useable electrical energy.
A nonlinear energy sink (NES) is a vibration absorber that passively local- izes vibrational energy, removing mechanical energy from a primary system. Con- sisting of a mass-spring-damper such that the stiffness is essentially nonlinear, a NES can localize vibrational energy from a source and dissipate it through damping. Replacing the NES mass with a series of magnets surrounded by coils fixed to the primary mass, the dissipated energy can be directly converted to electrical energy.
A NES with energy harvesting properties is constructed and introduced. The system parameters are identified, with the NES having an essentially cubic nonlinear stiffness. A transduction factor is quantified linking the electrical and mechanical systems. An analytic analysis is carried out studying the transient and harmonically excited response of the system. It is found that the energy harvesting does not reduce the vibrational absorption capabilities of the NES. The performance of the system in both transient and harmonically excited responses is found to be heavily influenced by input energies. The system is tested, with good match to analytic results.


title: Irish-Catholic journalists and the new nationality in Canada: 1857-1870

subject:
Journalists (Canada)
Nationalism Canada History
Irish (Canada)

abstract:
This study examines the growth of the concept of a ’’New
Nationality" as it became the ideology of a nation, and the means by
which an ethnic group was "Canadianized". The main sources are the
articles and speeches of Irish Catholic journalists as published in
newspapers which represent a cross-section of political and geographical
areas, showing the struggle for a new nationality as it was worked out
in the Irish Catholic press.
The concept of a new nationality did not originate in British
North America; its roots lay in early nineteenth century Ireland and
it was brought to British America by an Irish Catholic journalist. The
audience he and other journalists addressed was made up in large part
of Irish Catholics only recently arrived in the New World, still bearing
their memories, history, culture and prejudices. Between 1858, when the
first proposals for Confederation were introduced in the Canadian
Assembly, andil870, when the new Dominion consolidated its acquisition
of the West, the new nationality was central to the scheme of Confederation.
In the 1860's especially, Irish Catholics were faced with painful
choices as they settled into a new land. The role of Irish Catholic
journalists is important in this period, not just to the general application
of the new nationality, but more particularly in the process of
assimilation experienced by the Irish Catholic community. In that struggle
the concept of a new nationality played a major part. For Irish Catholic
immigrants, their leaders were their journalists; -and it was in the pages
of their newspapers that the new nationality was debated and preached.


title: Effects of an episodic removal scheme on a walleye, stizostedion vitreum vitreum, population

subject: Fish populations Ontario Thunder Bay (Ont. : District)

subject: Walleye fishing Ontario Henderson Lake

subject: Walleye (Fish)

abstract:
A pulse fishing scheme, applied over a three year period (1980
to 1982), deliberately removed 3226 walleye from Henderson Lake,
Ontario, causing the stock to collapse. The objective of the removal
was not only to seek out characteristics which could have served as a
predictor of the collapse, but also to test the applicability of
pulse fishing as a management alternative for walleye.
Several indices failed to serve as indicators of the population
collapse. At high densities of walleye the Schumacher-Eschmeyer
population estimate (using trap nets) apparently only estimated the
brood stock abundance. Not only did it incorrectly indicate the
walleye population to be relatively stable after two years of
intensive removal, because of younger fish being recruited to the gear, it also failed to forewarn of the impending collapse of the
stock in the third year.
Catch per unit effort data proved a poor index of fish abundance
for northern pike and white sucker. Walleye abundance was
significantly correlated to walleye catches from four and six-foot
trap nets. Catches in both eight-foot trap and gill nets were very
poorly correlated to fish densities, although these gears were used
at reduced effort levels. Evidently vulnerability to gill nets of the
remaining walleye may change as a result of reductions in food
abundance causing more predator movement to seek prey. Changes in
fish condition with changes in population abundance could also
influence gill net capture rates. Condition of most walleye age-classes and both walleye and northern pike fecundity showed a time
lag in response to fishing, not increasing significantly until 1984,
3 years after stock collapse.
Walleye growth rates increased only for younger age classes (II -
V). Both mean age and the mean age to maturity decreased with
exploitation.
Annual production estimates appeared to serve as a good indicator
of walleye response to fishing. They originally ranged between 1.92
to 3.07 kg/ha/yr before exploitation, quickly fell to negative values
following the second year of exploitation, and only increased to 0.41
kg/ha/yr by 1984, two years after exploitation ceased.
The most promising predictors of the walleye population collapse were length at age increases, Abrosov's mean age to mean age at
maturity index (0.5 critical value), annual production estimates and
possibly Petersen population estimates.
Northern pike and white sucker numbers have not increased since
walleye exploitation began. They appeared not to be filling any
vacated walleye niche, at least over the short term.
Due to an unfortunate succession of abiotic factors unfavourable
to production of strong year-classes, walleye recruitment was very
poor. This demonstrates that any implementation of an episodic
removal scheme must take into account such possibilities. Further
research in this area should clarify the exact sequence of removal and
recovery necessary to successfully implement this scheme for the
management of walleye.


title: An examination of Protestant reaction toward the non-English-speaking immigrant in Port Arthur and Fort William, 1903-1914

subject:
Protestant Churches
Ontario
Port Arthur
History
Fort William
Immigrants

abstract:
Religious leaders helped to provide Canada with a significant tradition of English Canadian nationalistic thought that cannot be overlooked in any thorough examination
of Canadian nationalism. Indeed, to a considerable degree, there was exhibited by many English-speaking Protestants
that kind of spirit that French Canadian nationalists
like to point to as proof of hatred of other races and cultures.


title: How can non-native teachers develop culturally responsive programs in remote First Nations communities? : learning from the experts

subject:
Aboriginal education
First Nations educators
Non-Native teachers
Holistic education
Teaching in an isolated community

abstract:
There are a growing number of scholars who argue that statistics alone do not
provide an accurate depiction of Aboriginal education and instead focus on successful education practices in Aboriginal communities and schools. I add to this discussion by focusing on the teaching practices of experienced First Nations educators and non-Native allies who have successfully created lessons and programs that have developed First Nations students' academic skills while remaining culturally relevant. The main question within this thesis is: What do experienced educators (First Nations and allies) believe that non-Native teachers should know about planning and teaching First Nations students in remote communities in northern Ontario? Results gathered through semi-structured interviews are presented in four sections that connect student success with: who the teacher is; cultural integration through language and land; professional characteristics and willingness to learn; and the development of culturally responsive lessons and evaluation practices. The findings encourage educators to re-evaluate their pedagogical framework  to create a learning environment that places First Nations epistemology in
the forefront for successful education to develop.


title: Quantitative metrics of deadwood decay classes as a function of moisture regime and tree species

contributor:
Morris, Dave
Luckai, Nancy

subject:
Biodiversity
Black spruce
Canonical discriminant analysis
Coarse woody debris
Trembling aspen
Wood density

abstract:
The patterns and rates of decomposition of dead woody debris (DWD) in the boreal
ecosystem throughout the wood decay process have been hypothesized to vary across
moisture regimes and between species. A fundamental aspect of examining these
patterns of temporal wood decay rates and patterns is distinguishing between deadwood
decay classes. The study sites for this project were set up across northern Ontario, with 8
in the Northeast (Abitibi Lake Ecoregion) and 8 in the Northwest (Lake Nipigon
Ecoregion) to allow for an examination of the impacts of ecoregion on temporal wood
decay in future studies. Within each ecoregion, three study sites of Dry, Fresh, and Wet,
moisture regimes were included to examine the impacts of moisture regime. Within each
site species differences were examined by sampling of conifer and poplar (Populus
tremuloides (Michx.)). A qualitative five decay class system was used to classify wood
in situ via non-destructive methods, in order to examine how DWD would reclassify
upon further quantitative analysis of physical and chemical properties. The patterns of
decay observed in poplar DWD were significantly faster compared to conifer decay, as
represented by shifts in density and the proportion of solid wood to decayed wood across
the decay class continuum. DWD appeared to decay more quickly on fresh sites
compared to dry and wet sites, which seemed to have an early delay in decomposition.
C:N ratios decreased across the decay class continuum in our results, and appeared to
reflect a three phase decay process, consisting of an initial slow phase, a second rapid
stage of decay, and a third slow phase and coinciding release of N. Further
reclassification of decay classes based on quantitative metrics was required and the
middle decay classes were found to have significant amounts of overlap in quantitative
patterns and classification. Despite this, some reclassification of the middle decay
classes into decay classes 1 and 5 occurred indicating that a three decay class system
may not be ideal. However, if all analysis was repeated using the quantitatively assigned
decay classes, patterns across the decay class continuum may better reflect the three-phase
decay process, and thus imply that DWD classification is well suited to a three
decay class system.


title: Characterization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) cell lines as models to study pulp and paper effluent effects in fish

contributor:
Law, David
Pyle, Greg
Suntres, Zacharias

subject:
Rainbow truot
Effect of water pollution on
Fathead minnow
Wood-pulp industry
Waste disposal
Environmental aspects

abstract: The effects of aquatic toxicants on fish growth and development have been well-documented, in contrast to the changes in gene expression that necessarily precede them. Many of these toxicants are exogenous compounds that possess the ability to mimic steroid hormones or inhibit normal endocrine functions, which are known as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). The Law laboratory previously obtained mRNA expression data indicating that exposure to aquatic effluents from a combined news/kraft pulp and paper mill changed the expression of genes associated with EDC exposure in the livers of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Societal desire to reduce the use of animals in toxicity testing has encouraged the development and use of in vitro systems, including vertebrate cell models. In this study, the gene expression of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver cell line RTL-W1 and the fathead minnow liver cell line FHM-L was examined following effluent exposure. In the RTL-W1 and FHM-L cell lines, 24 h exposure to effluents was sufficient for assessing changes in gene expression, with maximum changes observed between 4 and 6 h after exposure. Both cell lines showed upregulation of the estrogenic and androgenic-related genes, but this upregulation did not follow any consistent pattern in any of the effluent treatments. However, both lines were responsive to toxic compounds in the effluents in a time-dependent fashion, as indicated by the induction of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A). The expression of CYP1lA was gradually up-regulated over time, peaking between 4 and 6 h after exposure and declining thereafter. Secondary treatment effectively removed toxic compounds from the effluent, as demonstrated by the decrease in fold induction of CYP1A mRNA levels after 6 h of exposure to combined mill outfall effluent compared to that of cells exposed to untreated and secondary treated kraft effluents This work, along with subsequent correlation analysis of gene expression in cell lines to that in the parent tissue, begins to validate fish cell lines as predictors of changes in aquatic vertebrate health upon exposure to pulp and paper mill effluents and represents a critical step towards the Law lab goal of developing their use as a complement to whole fish life cycle testing that is currently employed in ecotoxicology studies.


title: Women’s Reproductive Experiences (REP) and Hormones: Patterns of Affective, Sexual, and Physical Well-being

subject:
Physiology and endocrinology
Menstrual cycle
Hormonal contraception
Women's health
Reproductive events
Sexuality

abstract: Paradoxical menstrual cycle patterns in women’s well-being (e.g., premenstrual syndrome [PMS] and negative experiences in the periovulatory phase) and sexual behavior (e.g., the periovulatory sociosexual tactic shift [PSTS]) have been found. Patterns in affect and sexuality may have evolved to co-occur if being “in the mood” facilitates sex. In this dissertation, the development of the Women’s Reproductive Experiences (REP) Questionnaire and an initial psychometric evaluation is presented in Part 1 of Study 1 (n = 1943 women aged 16 to 74 years). The Women’s REP separately measures negative and positive experiences associated with reproductive events across the lifespan in three domains: affective, sexual, and physical. In Part 2 of Study 1, evidence for reliability in factor structure (e.g., seven main scales) and internal consistency as well as concurrent validity is provided. Women who differ in reproductive status (e.g., pregnant, postpartum, menopausal, menstrual cycle phase, and hormonal contraceptive use), including estimated conception probability and sex hormone levels, also differ on the Women’s REP scales. In Part 1 of Study 2 (n = 327 women of reproductive age), evidence for the test-retest reliability and further validity of the Women’s REP is presented. Relationships with another newer measure, the Proceptive and Receptive Mating Strategies Scale (PARMSS), were also examined (Part 1). In Part 2 of Study 2, the two measures were used to examine co-variation in negative affective experiences (NA,) positive affective experiences (PA), and proceptivity across the periovulatory and premenstrual phases in naturally cycling women (n = 41). Support was found for the hypothesis that there are two groups of women who show opposing patterns of change differentiated by the phase in which they experience higher NA, lower PA, and lower proceptivity: (1) the premenstrual phase (a premenstrual syndrome, 61%) and (2) the periovulatory phase (a periovulatory syndrome, 39%). In line with the PSTS, women


title: Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) boreal ecosystems : how tree-length and full-tree harvesting affects soil microbial populations

contributor:
Luckai, Nancy
Morris, D.
Meyer, Lense

subject:
Forest biomass
Microbial biomass
Soil microbiology
API 20E
Substrate utilization
Chloroform fumigation extraction

abstract:
To evaluate the hypothesis that microbial populations are affected by
organic biomass removals, a study was designed to complement ongoing work in a
black spruce {Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) Boreal ecosystem. The treatments
included a control (uncut) and two harvest levels, tree-length (TL) and full-tree
(FT). Soil samples from the organic and mineral horizons were taken from nine
plots, representing three each ofthe treatments. Samples were taken once a month
for four consecutive months; May through August during 1998. Soil respiration
on two dates in September was estimated using the soda-lime technique. Bacterial
cultures were prepared from the soil samples and pure strains identified using
morphological and substrate utilization characteristics (specifically API 20E). Soil
descriptors, including pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter content,
and moisture content, were measured to investigate relationships with microbial
biomass. Microbial biomass carbon (MBc) and nitrogen (MBN) were estimated
using chloroform fumigation extraction. The data were statistically analyzed, using
ANOVA, Pearson and Spearman correlations and, in the case ofthe MBc and
MBN, ANCOVA, to determine if there were any treatment or seasonal effects.
Soil respiration demonstrated a significant treatment effect where the efflux was
significantly greater on the control treatment compared to the harvest treatments.
Five bacterial cultures were identified from the soil samples, Chryseomonas
luteola, Aeoromonas salmonicida, Serratia marcescens, Syntrophomonas
multifilia, and Pseudomonasfluorescens. MBc and MBN values measured were in
agreement with other published values for boreal coniferous soils. The MBc in the
organic horizon was significantly affected by the interaction ofthe treatment and
month factors. There was a significant treatment effect on the MBc in the mineral
horizon, with the control mean significantly higher than those ofthe harvest
treatments. The MBN revealed no significant effects in either the organic or the
mineral horizons. The author concludes that soil moisture and temperature did
affect the values for microbial biomass and that these environmental conditions
were likely impacted by the level of harvest.


title: Evaluation of the general aptitude test battery-computerized administration (GATB-CA)

subject: General aptitude test battery Computer programs

subject: Prediction of scholastic success Computer programs

abstract:
The General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB), a vocational test developed in 1947 by
the United States Employment Service (USES), is one of the most widely used and
researched instruments worldwide. A recent development important in improving
the GATB was the introduction o f a new computer administered version, the GATBCA
or GATB-Computerized Administration. Presently, there has been no research
conducted w ith the GATB-CA. Thus, the purpose of the present study was twofold:
(1 ) to compare the GATB-CA to the original GATB to test for equivalence in subject
test scores and item response speed (measured by the total number of items
completed) and (2) to investigate if scores from either of the GATB formats were
able to predict success in subjects obtained from an academic program of study.
Subjects consisted of 62 undergraduate students. The research involved a random
assignment counterbalanced design with all subjects completing both the
conventional and computerized GATB versions. Results showed that certain parts of
the GATB-CA were equivalent to the original GATB (subtests 6 and 7; aptitudes P
and S) while other portions were significantly different (subtests 1 and 4; aptitudes
G, Q, and V). Despite these differences, the GATB-CA was able to predict academic
success with essentially the same level o f confidence as the original GATB. Thus,
the GATB-CA was found to be closely related to but not equivalent to the original
GATB.


title: Re(righting) mathematics education: changing students' attitudes towards mathematics through Indigenous knowledge and worldview

contributor:
Kajander, Ann
Korteweg, Lisa

subject: Indigenous Knowledge highlighted mathematics

subject: Mathematics (teaching)

abstract: This study explored the impacts of incorporating decolonizing, Indigenous focused lessons and pedagogies in a grade 9 (Ontario) locally developed (LD) classroom on students’ attitudes towards mathematics. A reform-based mathematics lesson with Indigenous content and a decolonial approach was implemented into a grade 9 LD classroom. The goal of the study was to observe a change in student attitudes towards mathematics when this style of an indigenized lesson was implemented, as compared to typical daily curricular activities in most LD mathematics classrooms. Observations were taken of the class both before and during the indigenized lessons. One student was interviewed in a semi-structured format both before and after the lesson. The student was asked what they did and did not enjoy about the Indigenous Knowledge (IK) highlighted lesson, how they felt about the incorporation of IK in mathematics, and how they would compare the lesson to their regular daily activities in mathematics class. The teacher of the class and the student support personnel (SSP) were also interviewed for their unique points of view and to provide further observations of students during the IK lesson. Artifacts of regular classroom work were also collected to provide an accurate comparison of typical curricular activities before the implementation of a reform-based, Indigenous-focused, decolonial lesson. The analysis of the data revealed a positive change in student attitudes, engagement and enjoyment when the regular classroom pedagogies were disrupted with a reform-based, IK highlighted, decolonial lesson. A limitation of this study was the small sample size due to multiple logistical constraints. A longitudinal study with more reform-based, IK-highlighted lessons and multiple sections of LD mathematics could provide more insight into the impacts, challenges and benefits of implementing these types of lessons and pedagogies for social change and improved reconciliation in education.


title: An intra-site spatial analysis of the Late Paleoindian Mackenzie I Site (DdJf-9), near Thunder Bay, Ontario

contributor:
Hamilton, Scott
Boyd, Matthew
Gibson, Terry

subject:
Mackenzie I Site
Archaeological work in NW Ontario
Spatial analysis in archaeology
North American deglaciation
Peopling of North America
Paleoindian tradition
Prehistory of Northwestern Ontario
Paleoecology of Northwestern Ontario

abstract:
This thesis presents the results of the intra-site spatial analysis of the Mackenzie I (DdJf-9) Late Paleoindian site, located ~30 kilometers east of Thunder Bay, Ontario. The Mackenzie I assemblage consisted of a wide range of artifacts and formal tools suggesting a repeatedly occupied, large-scale, habitation site. The large sample size allowed for the application of in-depth spatial analysis techniques that had not yet been applied to Lakehead Complex habitation sites. The primary goal of this thesis is to determine whether statistically significant and diagnostic patterns exist which represent discrete activity areas, and spatial organization.
To accomplish this, six study areas were determined through the visual inspection of artifact distribution. Locations were selected along the site periphery to avoid the more intensely occupied, and potentially less interpretable, areas of the site. After visually comparing multiple aspects of the assemblage, various statistical tests were used to determine the presence or absence of significant patterning, the optimal number of clusters, and cluster composition. Observed artifact patterning was then interpreted using diagnostic patterns discussed in the ethnoarchaeological and archaeological literature.
The mixed-methods approach applied within this thesis allowed for the direct identification of lithic manufacturing and tool finishing/re-working activities within the study areas. Additionally, indirect evidence based upon various tool types suggests the presence of more diverse activities (e.g. hide, wood, antler, and bone working, small-scale butchering, and food preparation). Tools associated with these activities were likely not being used within the study areas, but rather represent the manufacture or refurbishing of such tools which were then used elsewhere. Results suggest that many of these lithic activities were co-occurring within the same activity area regardless of tool type or the intended purpose of the tool. The close vertical and horizontal association of various tool types suggests that these lithic activities were not spatially segregated. Conversely, discrete patterns were detected between in-situ activity zones and refuse middens. Evidence within some clusters suggests the consistent reuse of middens across separate knapping events, and possibly separate occupations. The segregation and reuse of middens indicates the purposeful organization of space.
This study enabled the exploration of a methodology that could detect spatial organization given the taphonomical processes and poor preservation affecting Boreal forest sites, as well as data derived from Cultural Resource Management (CRM) mitigations. The intra-site spatial analysis of the Mackenzie I site expands upon our knowledge of Late Paleoindian occupation in northwestern Ontario, and provides a better understanding of the spatial organization and behavioural patterns of Mackenzie I’s past inhabitants.


title: Pulsatile flow interaction with a stented artery : compliance mismatch effects

contributor:
Mohsen, Ferchichi
Tayebi, Abdelhamid

subject:
Stents (Surgery)
Transluminal angioplasty
Atherosclerosis (Treatment)

abstract: Atherosclerosis is a group of diseases characterized by thickening of the arterial wall resulting in a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the lumen. One of treatments for these artery diseases is stent angioplasty. In general, the stent has the role of supporting the arterial wall for increase blood flow areas. It is believed that this compliance mismatch affects both the vessel hemodynamics and wall mechanics. To investigate the effects of compliance mismatch on blood flow in a nonlinear artery/stent system in the hope of achieving a better understanding of the influence of the artery/stent wall elasticity and geometric parameters on haemodynamics and wall mechanics of stented vessel, a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction analysis of pulsatile blood flow in a simplified model (an axisymmetric thin tube) is presented in this study.


title: Geology and geochemistry of the Laird Lake property and associated gold mineralization, Red Lake greenstone belt, northwestern Ontario

subject: Gold mineralization

subject: Whole-rock and trace element geochemistry

subject: Petrography

subject: Geology and mineralization

subject: Isotopes

abstract:
The Laird Lake property encompasses the tectonic contact between the Balmer (2.99 to 2.96 Ga)
and the Confederation (2.74 to 2.73 Ga) assemblages on the south-western end of the Red Lake
greenstone belt, Northwestern Ontario. The purpose of this study was to determine the tectonic setting
in which the assemblages formed, and to characterize the controls on and nature of the gold
mineralization associated with the tectonic contact between the Balmer and Confederation
assemblages.
Detailed mapping of the area highlighted major differences between the two assemblages. The
Balmer assemblage is typically composed of fine-grained, aphyric, locally pillowed mafic volcanic rocks,
ultramafic intrusive and volcanic rocks with flow-breccia textures and local spinifex-bearing clasts, and
banded-iron formations. In contrast, the Confederation assemblage consists of porphyritic (feldspar) or
poikiloblastic (amphibole) mafic volcanic rocks intercalated with intermediate to felsic volcanic rocks
that include crystal lapilli tuffs, crystal tuffs and tuffs. Syn-volcanic and syn- to post-D2 intrusions
commonly cross-cut the volcanic packages. A regional foliation (~E-trending) is present throughout the
volcanic rocks and increases in intensity at the tectonic contact between the two assemblages where a
shear zone no thicker than 100 m is present within the Balmer assemblage.
Whole-rock geochemical analyses were undertaken on 161 samples from the Laird Lake area.
The Balmer assemblage is composed of tholeiitic mafic volcanic rocks with minor Al-undepleted
komatiites, whereas the Confederation assemblage is composed of calc-alkalic mafic and intermediate
to felsic volcanic rocks, which display FI, FII, and FIIIb rhyolite trends. Neodymium isotope analyses, in
conjunction with trace element geochemistry, suggests that parts of the Balmer assemblage were
weakly contaminated by an older intermediate basement. The data suggests both arc and back arc
volcanism within the Confederation assemblage, with the arc rocks showing stronger a crustal
component than the back arc rocks. U-Pb geochronology of volcanic and intrusive Confederation units
yielded ages of 2741 ± 19 Ma (FI quartz-feldspar porphyritic crystal tuff) and 2737.68 ± 0.79 Ma (diorite).
The geochemistry and age of the tuff correlates within error to the Heyson sequence of the
Confederation, whereas the diorite is likely a syn-volcanic intrusion.
The Balmer assemblage is interpreted to represent an oceanic plateau formed by plume
magmatism on the margins of the North Caribou Terrane whereas the Confederation assemblage was
likely built in an oceanic arc setting where both arc and back arc volcanism were occuring
simultaneously. The presence of xenocrystic zircons within the 2741 Ma quartz-feldspar porphyritic
crystal tuff suggest that melts within the main arc incorporated xenocrystic zircons during ascent
through a thin Mesoarchean crustal fragment. Juxtaposition of the Confederation assemblage onto the
Mesoarchean assemblages likely occurred between 2739-2733 Ma.
Gold mineralization at the Laird Lake property is controlled by a D2 shear zone within the Balmer
assemblage at the tectonic contact between the Balmer and Confederation assemblages. The
mineralization is commonly found associated with a mineral banded texture, accompanied by
disseminated arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite ± chalcopyrite, similar to the features observed at the
nearby Madsen gold mine. Oxygen isotope data from early- to syn-D2 gold-mineralized and barren
quartz veins suggest both vein types originated from a similar source and overlap with δ18OH2O values of
metamorphic, magmatic and meteoric waters, over crystallizing temperatures ranging from 300 to
500°C. Evidence for a second gold event (post-2702 ± 1 Ma) is characterized by the presence of gold-rich
shears and lamprophyres cross-cutting the regional foliation, and the lack of overprinting amphibolite facies mineralogy. The Laird Lake property likely represents the continuation of the same mineralized
structure found at both the Madsen and Starrat-Olsen mines and was later displaced as far as 10 km
west by the dextral Laird Lake fault post-2704 Ma.


title: Simultaneous polysubstance use, trait affect, body composition, and their associations with  acute adverse reactions to cannabis

contributor:
Mazmanian, Dwight
Bedard, Michel
Oinonen, Kirsten

subject: Simultaneous polysubstance use

subject: Cannabis use (acute adverse reactions)

subject: Medicinal and non-medicinal cannabis use

abstract:
In 2020, nearly 6.2 million people in Canada aged 15 and older reported using cannabis in the
last three months (Statistics Canada, 2021). However, some individuals who consume cannabis
may be more prone than others to experiencing acute (i.e., short-term) adverse reactions to
cannabis (e.g., paranoia, anxiousness). The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the
relationship between simultaneous polysubstance use and trait affect on experienced acute
adverse reactions to cannabis. An exploratory aim was to examine the potential relationship
between body composition and acute adverse reactions to cannabis. The study was a web-based
survey, hosted by SurveyMonkey, using a cross-sectional design. Lakehead University students

and the general public across Canada participated in this study (N = 456). Pearson product-
moment correlations, independent samples t-tests, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses

were performed to examine the relationships between simultaneous polysubstance use, trait
affect, body composition, and acute adverse reactions to cannabis. Simultaneous use of cannabis
and alcohol, trait negative affect, and lower body weight were positively associated with
experiencing acute adverse reactions to cannabis. The findings from this study have implications
for people that use cannabis, have high negative affect, prescribing health care providers, and
public health educators.


title: “Be kind to yourself – because you’re doing fine”: using self-determination theory to explore the health-related experiences of primiparous women participating in a motivational interviewing-via-co-active life coaching intervention

contributor:
Pearson, Erin
Gotwals, John
Mantler, Tara

subject:
Postpartum period health
Health behaviour change interventions
Motivational interviewing
Life coaching
Gestational weight gain
Postpartum weight retention

abstract:
Pregnancy and the postpartum period are a vulnerable time for the onset of
obesity, especially in primiparous (first-time) mothers. Because postpartum weight retention is a
strong independent risk factor for chronic disease, in addition to lifetime obesity with
compounded risk for maternal/fetal complications in subsequent pregnancies, a need for lifestyle
interventions promoting weight loss and health among primiparous mothers exists. Motivational
Interviewing-via-Co-Active Life Coaching (MI-via-CALC) has shown significant results relating
to evoking health behaviour change and weight loss in adults with obesity. However, no studies
have explored the utility of MI-via-CALC as an intervention in primiparous women – a
challenging population to reach due to competing demands and new responsibilities. As a
cognitive-behavioural technique delivered over the telephone, MI-via-CALC may be optimal in
this regard. The Co-Active model has been previously grounded in Self-determination Theory
(SDT), which focuses on the concept of motivation. Given the similarities between the tenets of
SDT and MI-via-CALC, and the notion that MI-via-CALC could support SDT’s basic
psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), the use of this health
behaviour change method in an intervention study has been recommended.


title: Embodied Transformation: Tapping into the Nature of Emergent Learning

contributor:
Puk, Tom
Brady, Patrick
Zhou, George

subject:
Teaching in higher education
Pre-service teacher education
Ecological literacy and consciousness

abstract:
This dissertation describes a basic qualitative inquiry research study, regarding participant
experiences of an emergent approach to teaching in higher education. Patterns in transformative
meaning-making were a particular focus. Complexity theory was an orienting theory for the
study, and was included in a theoretical framework which organized observation, interviewing,
and the analysis of data. Participants were twenty-two (22) pre-service teacher education
students, specializing in ecological literacy and consciousness. There were fifteen (15) female,
and seven (7) male participants, with an age range of 22-33. Research methods included informal
and semi-structured interview notes, field notes, and artifacts collected and analyzed to identify
themes and patterns. The course being studied utilized an emergent design approach, in which
participants played roles in “macro-models”, which are analogous representations of ecological
phenomena. Participants also engaged in a variety of other activities, and reflected on
experiences. Macro-models encouraged intensive interaction between participants and were
conducted in natural surroundings. A new term, “embodied transformation”, emerged from the
analysis of data to describe the dynamic learning process that participants experienced. A model
was developed to visually represent embodied transformation, including growth in conceptual
understanding, which occurred through linear and non-linear processes of disequilibrium,
dispersal of old understandings, and coalescence of new and more adaptive understandings of
key concepts. Conceptual understanding was not solely intellectual, but rather was rooted in the
physiological, emotional, and psychological aspects of participant experiences. These
dimensions caused changes in the intent and behaviour of participants as their understanding
became personally meaningful and connected to the larger ecosystem. This process was
recursive in that understandings, including discovering connections between concepts, were re-visited on multiple occasions, becoming more complex and transferrable to novel situations as
the course progressed. Embodied transformation is discussed as a natural learning process,
evoked by the emergent design approach. The doctoral research project itself is discussed as a
complex phenomenon, in which conceptual understanding of complexity grew through an
unforeseen, recursive, embodied, and emergent process.


title: Some dielectric studies

subject:
Dielectric relaxation
Dielectric polarisation
Debye model

abstract:
Two methods of approach are current in the literature
for the interpretation of dielectric relaxation. One is that
due to Debye which assumes that the relaxation process has its
origin in the retardation of molecular reorientation due to
frictional forces acting on the molecule. The other treats
dipole rotation as a rate process in which the dipole must
acquire a certain amount of energy in order to surmount a
barrier separating two equilibrium positions of orientation.
The dielectric relaxation times of some large ketones have
been determined at four temperatures using a cell which does not
appear to have been used up to this time for measuring the
dielectric constant and loss of low loss liquids. The molecules
measured were selected because of their size and shape, five
were ellipsoidal and one was disc-like. For the ellipsoidal
molecules^ the position of the dipole within the molecule was
varied to investigate its effect on the relaxation time. A
number of equations, based on the Debye model, which attempt to,
account for the size of molecular relaxation time are examined.
It is found that only the Fischer equation is satisfactory in
predicting the effects of dipole direction within the molecule.
The experimentally measured activation energies for all
the large molecules were found to be similar and only a little
higher than those observed for smaller molecules. In an attempt
to understand these values a model is proposed based on the energy expended by the molecule during its reorientation process.
The approach leads to a method for predicting the effect of
solvent on dielectric relaxation time. It is found that the
relaxation time depends exponentially on the internal pressure
of the medium surrounding the relaxing species, and the
activation energy can be accounted for in terms of the product
of an activation volume and the internal pressure. From the
activation volume an estimate is obtained of the angle through
which the dipole rotates. For small molecules it is found that
the angle is of the order of 20 degrees which indicates a fairly
large jump accompanying the reorientation. For the larger
molecules, however, the angle is much smaller, hence, the behaviour
resembles Brownian rotational diffusion.


title: Revision of the nearctic species of the Cicindela sylvatica group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)

contributor:
Freitag, Richard
Graham, W. M.
Macdonald, Alastair D.
Ryder, John P.

subject:
Tiger beetles
Beetles North America
Cicindela sylvatica

abstract:
Interspecific and intraspecific variation of C. longilabris Say
and C. nebraskana Casey were studied by means of discriminant analysis
of morphometric data and univariate analysis of qualitative characters
of adult specimens. The geographic variation of male and female genitalic
structures of C. longilabris and C. nebraskana was studied and
compared with that of the Palearctic species of the sylvatica group:
C. sylvatica Linnaeus, C. granulata Gebler, C. japana Motschulsky,
C. gemmata Faldermann, C. soluta Dejean and C. lacteola Pallas. Soil
associations of the two Nearctic species were investigated.
C. longilabris is a boreal and montane forest species
occurring on Podzolic soils in eastern North America and Luvisolic and
Brunisolic soils of coniferous forests in western North America as well
as in boreal forest-grassland transition areas. Three subspecies are
recognized: c. l. longilabris Say, found across the boreal zone from
Newfoundland and New England to Alaska, C. l. laurentii Schaupp, in the
Rocky mountain areas of the United States, including isolated populations
in northern New Mexico, eastern Arizona, northern Arizona and southwestern Utah, and c. l. perviridis Schaupp, found in the Sierra Nevada
and Cascade Mountains of California, Oregon and Washington. An area of
hybridization occurs in southwestern Alberta, southeastern British
Columbia, eastern Washington, Idaho and northwestern Montana where the
three subspecies converge geographically. C. nebraskana is a monotypic
species which occurs on Chernozemic soils of prairie grasslands and
grassland-forest transition zones of western North America.
The three year life cycle of C. longilabrls is described.
Two winters are passed in the larval stage and one winter in the adult
stage before mating and oviposition occur. The egg stage and first,
second and third stage larvae of c. longilabris are described.
A reconstructed phylogeny is presented in which three species
pairs are evident, C. soluta-C. gemmata, C. sylvatica-C. granulata,
and C. longilabris-C. nebraskana with C. japana being most closely
related to the soluta-gemmata sibling species, and C. lacteola having
been derived earlier in the evolution of the whole group.


title: Body image : a multidimensional approach to measurement in individuals with eating disorders

subject: Body image.

subject: Eating disorders Effect of body image on

abstract:
Body image disturbance is an important aspect of both
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. To date, there
has been little agreement on how to define and measure
this. The current study views body image as a complex
concept which reguires a multidimensional approach to
measurement. Participants consisted of 60 women
between the ages of 16-42. Thirty women diagnosed with
either anorexia or bulimia formed the clinical group
and thirty women drawn from the general population and
screened using the Eating Disorder Symptom Checklist
(EDI-SC) formed a control group. Subjects completed a
battery of psychometric tests which included the Eating
Disorder Inventory-II (EDI-2), the Multidimensional
Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI), the Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI), and the Image Marking Procedure (IMP).
Analysis revealed significant group differences on all
subscales of the EDI-2, MSEI, and BDI as well as
unanticipated significant mean differences on three of
the measures on the IMP, (F=17.74, df=27,32, p<0.01).
In addition, several significant correlations were
found among the various measures within each group.
Results of the study suggest that body image includes cognitive, attitudinal and perceptual components, is a
significant part of a womans' self-concept, and that
with respect to the groups in this study, body image
disturbance can accurately differentiate between women
with eating disorders and those without.


title: Winter-summer comparison of psychological factors in seasonal mood changes / by Robert P. Dew.

contributor:
Tan, Josephine
Mazmanian, Dwight

subject:
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Depression, Mental
Mood (Psychology)

abstract:
"Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is characterized by the regular onset and remission of depressive episodes during the fall/winter months and remission during the summer. The present study compared psychological differences between subclinical SAD and nondepressed (Control) individuals and the seasonal stability of these differences. Psychological characteristics that were assessed include explanatory style for negative outcomes (Stability, Globality, Self-worth Implications), coping styles in response to depressed mood (Rumination, Distraction, Problem-Solving, Dangerous Activities), personality style (sociotropy, solitude and independence), stress appraisal of winter stimuli, as well as response latency and immediate and delayed recall of SAD, Depressed, and Neutral words presented during a modified Stroop task.  The results
indicated that SAD individuals ruminated more than Control individuals during the winter; utilized more stable, global, and self-worth implicating (characterological) explanations; were more sociotropic; and exhibited a greater stress appraisal of winter stimuli. The sociotropy, stress appraisal of winter stimuli, and use of stable explanations in SAD individuals did not change with the seasons. During the summer, SAD individuals improved in their coping style (less rumination, more distraction and problem solving) and explanatory style (less global and self-worth implicating
explanations). The temporal stability of the stress appraisal of winter stimuli suggests the presence of a unique cognitive schema associated with seasonal mood changes.


title: Factors that predict brook trout distribution, thermal habitat, and abundance in Northwestern Ontario streams

contributor:
Momot, Walter T.
Bozek, M.

subject: Brook trout Ontario, Northwestern.

abstract:
Predictive models were developed to improve the understanding of
stream-resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations and habitat in
northwestern Ontario, and to facilitate protection of stream-resident brook trout
from the adverse impacts of timber harvest. Geology-based models correctly
predicted trout presence/absence in 75%-80% of streams studied in 1993.
However, correct prediction rates declined to 50%-65% when these models
were transferred to independent data collected in 1992 and 1994. Combining
data from all years produced models that correctly predicted trout
presence/absence in 70%-80% of streams. Univariate geology models were
best at predicting trout presence (up to 85% correct predictions). One-third of
the trout streams data had maximum summer temperatures >22deg.C , and thus
are considered marginal. Using the combined data, models with geology and
climate variables explained up to 24% of the variation associated with stream
temperatures. Stream temperatures were negatively related to brook trout
abundance in the combined data. Stability of stream temperatures accounted
for 25% of the variation in trout biomass (kg/ha). These models could be used
by fisheries managers to implement current guidelines protecting brook trout
habitat from the effects of timber harvest.


title: Photon number density operator

subject:
Photons density
Quantum electrodynamics

abstract:
A new operator is introduced to represent the density of photons in configuration space. It
has some features in common with operators previously introduced by Mandel and Cook but
has better transformation properties.
The operator is introduced first in the Coulomb gauge where only transverse photons are
necessary to describe physical states. It is the first component of the four vector obtained by
contracting the electromagnetic field tensor with the vector potential. It is also shown that in
the free field case the corresponding photon current and the photon number density operator
satisfy a continuity equation.
In the Lorentz gauge, longitudinal and scalar photons are allowed and the operators are
defined in respect to an indefinite metric as proposed by Gupta. The Coulomb gauge operator
expressed in the new metric cannot give the right number of ghost photons for arbitrary states
and has to be discarded as a valid photon number density operator in the Lorentz gauge. It is
shown that the photon number density operator in the Lorentz gauge differs from the one in
the Coulomb gauge by a divergence term. The total number of photons for physical states is
the same for both operators. The ghost states, which are the longitudinal and scalar photon
states, in respect to the old metric are different for the two operators.
The form of the photon number operator in the Lorentz gauge using the new metric can
be substantiated by symmetry arguments. The new operator is able to count the ghost state
photons in respect to the old metric in a free field and in the case of two fixed charges present.


title: The ovulatory shift: proceptive and receptive mating behaviours across the menstrual cycle

subject: Sociosexuality/short-term mating orientation

subject: Proceptive and receptive mating strategies

subject: Women's sexuality across the menstrual cycle

subject: Effect of hormones on proceptive and receptive sexual behaviours

subject: Sexual orientation and periovulatory peaks in mating behaviour

abstract: Research has suggested an ovulatory shift whereby women become more oriented towards short-term mating around the time of ovulation. Other research suggests that women’s cyclical shifts depend on their sociosexuality and that sociosexuality may only be related to proceptive (but not receptive) behaviours. Study 1 (n = 64) provided reliability and validity information on an independent measure of short-term mating orientation and examined women’s use of proceptive and receptive mating strategies with a new measure (the Proceptive and Receptive Mating Strategies Scale; PARMSS). Reliability and validity indicators provided strong support for use of both measures. Study 2 (n = 28) was a prospective pseudo-randomized counterbalanced controlled crossover design where women rated their likelihood of engaging in proceptive and receptive mating behaviours with imaginary men and 19 specific attractive men (seen in photos) at the periovulatory and luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. It was predicted that women overall would show an increase in receptive mating behaviours near ovulation (Hypothesis 1), but that sociosexuality would interact with menstrual cycle phase to predict proceptive behaviours (i.e., restricted women will become more proceptive at ovulation but unrestricted women will become less proceptive) (Hypothesis 2). It was predicted that differential shifts in self-perceived attractiveness may be a mechanism facilitating the ovulatory shift (Hypothesis 3). Hypotheses 1 and 2 (but not 3) were supported when women evaluated men of high social visibility and the effects were most pronounced in a subsample of exclusively heterosexual women. This dissertation provides rationale and preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the PARMSS and provides further evidence that women’s sociosexuality is associated with differential shifts in proceptive mating behaviour across the menstrual cycle.


title: Assessing knowledge of AIDS : concern and behavioural change among university students / Lisa A. Bell. --

subject: AIDS (Disease) Prevention Ontario Thunder Bay.

subject: AIDS (Disease) Prevention Study and teaching.

abstract:
The escalating prevalence of Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome has precipitated many efforts aimed at informing
the public about the deadly AIDS virus and how to avoid
infection. Since the university population consists
largely of single young adults, many of whom are sexually
active, it is an important target population for AIDS
education. The present study examined through the use of
an AIDS Questionnaire (AIDSQ), the relationships among
knowledge about AIDS, concern, barriers to change, and
behavioural change. The AIDSQ was administered to 121
female and 38 male introductory psychology students
attending a Northern Ontario University. Results
indicated that knowledge alone was not sufficient to
produce behavioural change. Several factors which did
appear to be related to behaviour change included level
of concern about contracting AIDS, confidence in one's
ability to estimate the risks associated with one's
behaviour, confidence in the effectiveness of the
recommended behavioural changes for avoiding AIDS, and
the degree of comfort felt engaging in the recommended
behaviours. Implications for future educational
interventions and research are discussed.


title: Genetic variation of functional traits related to drought tolerance in yellow birch seedlings

contributor:
Thomson, Ashley
Wang, Jian
Dang, Qing-Lai

subject: Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.)

subject: Leaf morphology

subject: Drought tolerance

abstract:
Understanding patterns of variation in drought-related traits of hardwood trees is crucial
for conserving and managing North American temperate forests under climate change.
In this study, I examined provenance variation of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis
Britton) in traits related to drought resistance. Yellow birch is a widespread and
economically important eastern North American hardwood species. A common garden
approach was used to compare height, diameter, biomass, leaf morphology, and stable
carbon isotopes among ten seed sources originating from across Canada and Northern
US states. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of seedling height and diameter did not reveal
significant variation in either trait, while ANOVA of a subsample (n=40) revealed
significant variation in height and leaf characters (average horizontal width, horizontal
width, maximum perpendicular width, perpendicular width 1, and perpendicular width
2). Simple linear regressions revealed significant correlations between variation in leaf
morphological traits and climate at seed origin. Temperature-related climate variables
were more strongly correlated with leaf traits than precipitation-related climate
variables. [...]


title: On the perfect orderability of unions of two graphs

subject:
Perfect graphs
Graph theory

abstract:
A graph G is perfectly orderable if it admits an order < on its vertices such that the
sequential coloring algorithm delivers an optimum coloring on each induced subgraph
(H, <) of (G, <). A graph is a threshold graph if it contains no P4 , 2K2 or C4 as
induced subgraph. A theorem of Chvatal, Hoang, Mahadev and de Werra states
that a graph is perfectly orderable if it can be written as the union of two threshold
graphs. In this thesis, we investigate possible generalizations of the above theorem.
We conjecture that if G is the union of two graphs G1 and G2 then G is perfectly
orderable whenever (i) G1 and G2 are both P4 -free and 2K2-free, or (ii) G1 is P4-free,
2K2-free and G2 is P4 -free, C4 -free. We show that the complement of the chordless
cycle with at least five vertices cannot be a counter-example to our conjecture and
we prove, jointly with Hoang, a special case of (i): if G1 and G2 are two edge disjoint
graphs that are P4 -free and 2K2 -free then the union of G1 and G2 is perfectly
orderable.


title: State of Northwestern Ontario secondary school programming for students affected by alcoholics

contributor:
Russell, Connie
Van Barneveld, Christina

subject: Children of alcoholics

subject: Problem drinking in Canada

subject: School psychology (Ontario, Northwestern)

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine programming available in Northwestern
Ontario (NWO) secondary schools to support students who are affected by someone
else’s drinking. Data on programming available in NWO secondary schools were
collected through a mail survey of secondary school counselors and follow-up phone
interviews of select counselors. The survey results showed that few students reported to
counselors that they were affected by someone else’s drinking and that no programming
is available in any of the secondary schools across NWO. Both of these results point to
potential problems. Research points to alcoholism being prevalent in Ontario, this means
that students are being affected. If students are not reporting alcoholism in their home
they are slipping through the system without help and since administration doesn’t know
about it they do not implement programming to help these students. Further research
needs to done to address the issue of administrators’ awareness of the troubles and
restrictions facing implementation of in-school programming. A focus group of
counselors to share issues and resources would be helpful. Also a survey of students on
the existence of problems they face and their own awareness of programs is needed.


title: Ego identity status in stably and unstably married couples

subject:
Ego (Psychology)
Marriage
Identity (Psychology)

abstract:
The present study examined the association between ego
identity status and the maintenance and success of long-term,
intimate, heterosexual relationships. This was guided in part by
Erik Erikson*s (1959, 1968) notion that identity achievement was a
necessary prerequisite for the attainment of intimacy- In
particular, the "similarity versus complementarity" (i.e., "birds
of a feather flock together" vs. "opposites attract") of ego
identity status as a possible determinant of the maintenance and
quality of such relationships was assessed. The sample for this
study consisted of 78 volunteer married couples obtained from a
variety of settings, primarily in the Thunder Bay area. Of these
78 couples, 40 were designated as "stable," and 38 as "unstable,"
on the basis of whether or not the couple had reported some recent
step towards dissolution in their relationship (usually separation)
and/or some recent involvement in marital counselling. All couples
were tested on Grotevant and Adams' (1984) self-report measure of
ego identity status, as well as on self-report measures of
relationship satisfaction, psychosocial intimacy, passionate love,
and spousal attitude similarity. Overall, it was noted that
spousal similarity in terms of ego identity status, as expected,
did tend to be related to the patterns of mate choice and marital
stability among the couples. Specifically, significant
correlations emerged between the spouses in the stable group on
their moratorium and diffusion subscale scores, while such
significant correlations were not seen in the unstable group nor in two randomly-paired control groups* In addition to this modest
similarity factor, it was also suggested by the data that the
"absolute levels of identity" may have played a key role in
influencing the marital satisfaction and stability of the couples.
As an example of this, the unstable marital group was found to have
significantly higher moratorium scores in comparison to the stable
group, while having lower identity achievement and psychosocial
intimacy scores. These latter two differences, however, appeared to
be largely associated with just the husbands in the sample. Similar
trends were also observed when expressing the identity data in
terms of J. E. Marcia's (1966) popular "identity status"
classification scheme, or when correlating the identity/intimacy
subscales with a continuous, paper-and-penci1 measure of marital
satisfaction. As far as passionate love and spousal identity
content similarity were concerned, these were also examined within
the context of marital stability and found to be strongly
related—as expected. However, contrary to expectations, these two
variables did not appear to be particularly important in terms of
"masking" or "suppressing" the complex relationship which may exist
between identity achievement and marital satisfaction. Thus, it
was tentatively concluded that the chances of a marriage being
successful may be enhanced to some extent if neither partner is
currently experiencing the "identity crisis," and if the husband in
particular, has achieved a secure sense of his own identity and is
capable of being intimate. Possible clinical implications of the
study and numerous directions for future research are also
thoroughly discussed.


title: Relative mate value, irrational beliefs, and romantic jealousy

subject:
Mate selection
Jealousy
Man-woman relationships

abstract:
The relationships between relative mate value, irrational beliefs, and romantic jealousy
were examined. Three main questions were addressed: (1) does relative mate value affect
the amount of romantic jealousy experienced for people in romantic relationships? (2) is
there a relationship between irrational beliefs and romantic jealousy? and (3) do irrational
beliefs act as a moderator variable in the relationship between relative mate value and
romantic jealousy? Fifty-three women and 37 men completed a relative mate value
questionnaire, the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale, and the General Attitude and Belief
Scale. Relative mate value was manipulated by having participants imagine they were
dating a partner either lower, equal, or higher than their own mate value. It was found
that romantic jealousy was highly correlated with irrational beliefs, but had no significant
relationship with relative mate value. Irrational beliefs did not act as a moderator variable
in the relationship between relative mate value and romantic jealousy. The results suggest
that individual differences in beliefs may play a larger role in romantic jealousy than does
relative mate value.


title: Habitat use by woodland caribou in a managed boreal forest landscape

contributor:
McLaren, Brian
Thompson, Ian

subject:
Boreal forest
Caribou
Habitat loss
Predation

abstract: Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations throughout much of the boreal forest have decreased as a result of changes to forest composition, including an increase in moose (Alces alces) and wolf (Canis lupus) density with increased predation on caribou. For this study, a multi-scalar analysis of Argos telemetry data from 18 radio-collared caribou during 2000-2009 in northwestern Ontario compared their use of habitat in a landscape with a longer history of logging (Lake Nipigon area) with their use of habitat in an adjacent, less exploited landscape, managed following caribou mosaic guidelines (Ogoki area). The objective was to determine whether differences in caribou habitat use occurred with varying availability of winter habitat patches and varying moose density for these two landscapes.


title: Residue analysis of pre-contact small and miniature pottery: a multi-proxy approach

subject: Organic residue analysis

subject: Pottery and the Woodland period

subject: Pottery traditions

subject: Miniature and small pots in the archaeological record

subject: Archaeological residue analysis

abstract:
Small and miniature pottery vessels are common in North American archaeological sites,
although they have rarely been the focus of study. These vessels are variously interpreted to be
mortuary or ceremonial vessels, practice pots, toys, bowls, cups, and are often believed to be
associated with children. The majority of studies conducted on pottery rely on visual examinations,
while this thesis combined visual techniques with organic residue analysis for a more
comprehensive study. Using multiple analytical techniques on vessels from three collections,
biochemical residues were located and extracted, and then analyzed to infer possible function of
the vessels. This process also takes into account cross-contamination from curatorial processes.
The techniques used include microscopic examination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
microfossil starch and phytolith analysis, and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry
(GC-MS). This research design is non-destructive, and tailored to address the fact that many
specimens have been curated and held in museums for some time. Many adjustments to the
methodological approach were made to account for the various difficulties and limitations that
arise when working with pottery. Results from the analysis indicate that the methodology used had
a limited success rate. While a small number of results were successful in suggesting possible
functions of vessels, the majority of results were indicative of contamination, although these were
easily ruled out as non-archaeological. Overall it was determined that the combination of these
methods, especially if further testing was performed, could be a feasible route of analysis for
unique samples where standard destructive methods are not suitable, but where further analysis is
desired.


title: Using planet labs imagery to track caribou: a pilot study

subject:
Telemetry data
RapidEye satellites
Planet Labs
Aerial remote sensing
Wildlife monitoring
Woodland Caribou
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Photo traps
Radio collaring

abstract:
Using satellite imagery from an earth imaging company called Planet Labs, this
study aimed to see whether Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) could be
tracked through a disturbance path left by migrating herds. To examine the efficacy of
this procedure, evaluations were based upon whether this process could be equally or
more efficient/effective in terms of tracking and costs than telemetry collaring methods.
For comparison, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry caribou collar
telemetry data was obtained from the Natural Heritage Information Center. This data
was compared with satellite imagery from Planet Lab’s 5-meter resolution RapidEye
Satellites. To accomplish this, imagery for four areas was obtained for prior to the
caribou’s arrival and for the timestamped arrival of the caribou. Change detections were
run on these four areas that all conclusively resulted in not being able to track caribou
through disturbance patterns using the RapidEye 5m resolution imagery. Although the
caribou could not be tracked with the 5m resolution future research could examine the
concept with 3m or 80cm resolution imagery from Planet if newer telemetry data ever
becomes available.


title: The dynamic effects of tree species diversity on nitrogen in soil

subject:
Afforestation
Soil nitrogen
Biodiversity
Forest ecosystem

abstract:
The availability of nitrogen in soil is one of the most important factors for tree
growth. Although tree species mixtures are known to increase forest productivity, it
remains unclear how they affect soil nitrogen. In this thesis, I focus on the effects of tree
species diversity on soil resident nitrogen, particularly ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4) and
nitrate nitrogen (NO3), through the review of 19 published papers. I also examined
potential mechanisms associated with the influence of tree species diversity on soil
nitrogen. I found a negative effect of tree species mixtures on the nitrogen concentration
of soil. My goal was to evaluate the effects of tree species diversity on nitrogen in soil by
comparing the soil traits of monocultures and species mixtures. I found that there were no
significant differences in the effects on NO3 and NH4 in the soils of species mixtures
compared to monocultures. My results suggested that despite increased nitrogen uptake
by trees in species mixtures, the availability of nitrogen in soil did not decrease in species
mixtures, which was likely due to increased nitrogen resorption, retention, and fixation.


title: Effects of task difficulty and Type A behavior pattern on the inverted-u relationship between stress level and performance

subject:
Stress (Psychology)
Personality

abstract:
The purpose of this study was twofold: to examine
the effects of task difficulty and the Type A Behavior
Pattern on the inverted-U relationship between stress level
(arousal) and performance, and to examine possible Type
A/B differences in response to competition.
A 2 X 2 factorial design was used in this study. The
two factors were the type of task (simple or complex) and
the behavior pattern of the subject (Type A or Type B)*
Subjects were 60 males from introductory psychology classes
at Lakehead University. Three male confederates were employed
to act as competitors against experimental subjects. Subjects
practiced either a simple (digit letter) task or a complex
(colour letter) task for seven trials, and then competed against
a confederate on the eighth trial.
Tonic heart rate was recorded throughout the study as
a physiological measure of stress, pleasantness ratings were
obtained as a cognitive, evaluative measure of stress, and
performance on the task was recorded as a behavioral measure
of stress.


title: Incentives for participation in forest management in the high forest zone of Ghana : gender age and social origin

contributor:
Benson, Crandall A.
Nelson, Connie
Naysmith, John K.

subject: Forests and forestry Ghana Citizen participation

subject: Social & economic incentives

subject: Sustainable forestry

subject: Non-timber forest products

abstract:
The social and economic incentives for community to participate in forest
management activities to achieve sustainable management of forests have
received very little attention in West Africa. In particular, differences in relation to
gender, age and social origin have not been examined. Local communities use
the forest for different purposes and have participated in different ways towards
the sustainable management of the forest depending on their livelihood and
social differences such as gender, age and social origin.
Ninety people from four communities comprising two migrant
communities, an admitted settlement in the forest reserve and a forest landowning
community served as participants for this study. The study utilized
participant observation, participant interviews and strategic planning workshops.
Local communities value and use forests and forest resources for
household subsistence and as a supplementary source of cash income
depending on gender, age, social origin and household responsibilities of each
individual. Local communities have participated in the management of the forest
through forest boundary cleaning, forest rehabilitation, monitoring for illegal
activities, prevention of fire outbreaks and forest management planning.
Participation in each activity depends on the gender, age and social origin and to
some extent the access to collect and gather forest resources. Many people in
the local communities were interested in participating effectively and efficiently in
the management of the forest if sustainable and secured social and economic
incentives are in place. Local communities are interested in participating in forest
boundary cleaning, monitoring and reporting illegal activities, controlling and
protecting of forest fires, rehabilitating degraded areas of the forest, including
thinning and harvesting operations, and in forest management planning.
Appropriate incentives for participating effectively and efficiently are
dependent on the gender, age and social origin of each individual. These include
social and economic incentives such as payment of wages for each activity,
access to the forest for gathering and collecting forest resources for both
household subsistence and income generation, community development
projects, increase in revenue rates, regular payment of revenues, employment
for the Juniors and a share in the final crop planted in the forest through
rehabilitation work.


title: Forest road location modelling with Dijkstra’s shortest path and ArcGIS

subject:
Road network modelling
Forest roads
LiDAR
ArcGIS

abstract:
Road network modelling has great potential to reduce forest road construction
and planning costs. Forest roads are the essential means to access forest resources and
are one of the most expensive factors in forest operations. Route optimization models
have been used recently to aid in pre-planning of forest road networks. Modern
technology is increasing the feasibility of these models. LiDAR data is becoming less
expensive and more freely available aiding in the accuracy of road network models.
LiDAR has the potential to greatly reduce the costs of forest roads through selection of
optimal route locations. LiDAR will also reduce the manual planning and design of
forest roads further reducing costs. The objective of this study is to model forest road
locations. Model parameters calculate distance and slope as the factors in selecting
locations. The study tested the same areas with three data types 50 m2 cell resolution
DEM, 5 m2 cell resolution DEM, and 2 point per metre LiDAR. The test cases in this
study found that using LiDAR data gave the best location. Overall there is potential
using these data and models to assist in the pre-planning of forest roads.