title: A descriptive analysis of recent changes in benthic communities at Evangeline Beach, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Coulter, Claire K. (author)
(Redden, Anna) (Thesis advisor)
(Gibson, Glenys) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: The Minas Basin is a megatidal system (up to 15m tidal range) with extensive mudflats that are home to infauna such as molluscs, nematodes, crustaceans and polychaetes, these animals in turn, are important energy sources for larger animals such as shorebirds and fish. My study objective was to establish a Natural Geography of In Shore Areas (NaGISA) site in the Southern Bight of the Minas Basin as a reference point for monitoring long term change in intertidal communities, and to document the biological characteristics of this site. The first extensive survey of Minas Basin infauna, by Gratto in 1978, found that the benthos of Evangeline Beach was dominated by few species of infauna, and the majority of species found were uncommon. The question arises as to whether recent changes (30 years) in infauna distribution can be detected in the Minas Basin. I re-sampled two transects that Gratto (1978) established at Evangeline Beach, with 5 replicate samples at each of the low, mid and high intertidal zones. The 2008 samples contained a higher number of taxa than did historic (1978) samples and density was greater by an order of magnitude. Samples from the low intertidal zone contained 8000 individuals/ m2 in 1978 and >65,000 / m2 in 2008; a similar increase was found for the mid and high intertidal zones. Some individual species showed a marked change in relative abundance. For example, the spionid Pygospio elegans increased in abundance from 13% (1978) to 73% (2008) of the infauna sampled. These results suggest that the intertidal community at Evangeline Beach has changed considerably over 30 years. Historic data, however, are likely influenced by differences in sample processing effort. This NaGISA site, now established, forms an important baseline for long-term monitoring of benthic community structure in this dynamic ecosystem.

abstract: Biology


title: Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Halifax harbour using mussel and tunicate biomonitors and diffusive gradients in thin films

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor:
Webb, Amanda N. (author)
(Redden, Anna) (Thesis advisor)
(Murimboh, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

rights: The author grants permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. The author retains the copyright of the thesis.

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: This study reports on levels of measurable trace metals in Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, in water samples, tissues of biomonitor species, and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGTs) – an in situ passive sampling device. Vase tunicates, Ciona intestinalis and blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, were selected as biomonitor species. The water, DGT, and tissue samples were collected from four sites in Halifax Harbour at five to six week intervals from June to October 2008. Mussels were collected from wharfs at two sites, and tunicates from the sites of DGT placement. In October 2008, tunicate samples from six smaller harbours in Nova Scotia were obtained for comparison of trace element content. All samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry for determination of Mn, Mo, Cu, U, As, Co, Cd, Pb, and Ni concentrations. Halifax Harbour trace metal concentrations were established by complementary data from water samples (Mn, Mo, Cu, U, and U) and DGT samples (Co, Cd, Pb, and Ni). The data indicated a few significant localized variations and several temporal variations in the water column concentrations of some metals which, in the case of Mn and Cu, were attributed to storm drain effluents and rainfall events. Mytilus edulis bioaccumulated Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, and As to a greater extent than Ciona intestinalis, which accumulated higher concentrations of V. Bioconcentration factors for both biomonitor species indicate greater tissue concentrating capacity for Mn (800-4000), Cu (800-2000) and As (400-900), compared to Mo (40-75) and U (30-55). Concentration factors were similar in the two biomonitor species and, for M. edulis, appeared to increase with size. C. intestinalis in Halifax Harbour had among the lowest concentrations of As, Pb, Co, and Cu when compared to C. intestinalis in small harbours around Nova Scotia, possibly due to the placement of plate collectors at a greater distance from shore influences in Halifax Harbour.

abstract: Biology


title: Non-greedy Lempel-Ziv data compression

contributor:
Little, Graham Taylor (author)
(Diamond, Jim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: A common method of text compression is one which replaces strings of data by a ref-  erence to a dictionary. Generally, these dictionary text compression techniques will  replace the longest string at every stage of the compression process (such algorithms  are known as \greedy algorithms"). In previous studies it has been shown that in  certain situations, selecting a smaller string for replacement (i.e., non-greedy algo-  rithms) can lead to a signicant improvement in compression performance. However,  if one was to create an algorithm to select the optimal way in which to select matches  for replacement, every possible parsing of the input into matched strings would need  to be considered. Any straight forward way of considering all of these combinations  would be impractical on modern day computers.  In this thesis, an algorithm is presented which is designed to reduce the complexity  of storing all possible parsings. The algorithm is a variant of the LZ77 method and  works by eliminating suboptimal parsings of an input string at early stages of the  compression process rather than comparing all possible parsings at the very last stages  of compression. It is also known that when static output methods are combined with  greedy algorithms for LZ77 an optimal parsing of the input string is created. Thus,  a non-greedy method is only preferred for LZ77 compression when a variable-length  coding scheme is used to encode the output.  A new variable-length output method is presented which is designed to be used  in conjunction with the optimal parsing algorithm. The optimal parsing algorithm is  then compared with a greedy parsing algorithm to show the impact that an optimal  selection algorithm can have on a given LZ77 variant known as LZSS. The results show  that an optimal parsing of a given input string can yield a signicant improvement  in compression performance of LZSS.

abstract: Computer Science


title: Development of a device for measuring the electromechanical properties of single molecules

contributor:
Granville, Dal Alexander (author)
(Williams, Peter) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: The concept of using single molecules as components in electric circuits requires a deep understanding of the electrical properties of the molecules used. In this project, a low-cost atomic force microscope (AFM) was developed for the purpose of examining the electromechanical properties of single molecules. The technique used to measure these electromechanical properties involves repeatedly forming and breaking molecular junctions using a home-built atomic force microscope capable of simultaneously monitoring current and applied force. The background theory, design, and preliminary testing of the custom built AFM and its components are discussed in detail.

abstract: Physics


title: Processes of cognitive adaptation, mood, and depressive symptoms: A test of moderation

contributor:
Myles, Daniel (author)
(Horvath, Peter) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: A quasi-experimental design was employed to investigate the self-regulatory aspects of vulnerability for and resistance to negative affect. Validation-seeking, growth-seeking, and cognitive adaptation, were examined as forms of motivational orientations which regulate the evaluation of self-worth, and predict changes in state affect. Participants included 75 undergraduate students (16 male, 59 female) who completed three experimental stages, and were subjected to manipulation to test for response to feedback. Significant interactions between cognitive adaptation, self-determination, and perceived control with feedback predicted decreases in state dysphoria and anxiety. Results were supportive of perceived control and self-determination as mediators and moderators of cognitive adaptation on mental health. These orientations also share similar mechanisms with validation-seeking, thus providing support of validation-seeking as a form of cognitive adaptation.

abstract: Psychology


title: The relations between a self-reported major stressor and stress-related growth: Examining coping as a mediator

contributor:
MacRae, Meagan E. (author)
(MacLeod, Peter) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: This study investigated predictors of Stress-Related Growth (SRG) among 126  undergraduates. A Stressful Life Event Questionnaire, created for this study, Carver’s  (1997) Brief COPE, and Armeli, Gunthert, and Cohen’s (2001) Revised Stress-Related  Growth Scale (R-SRGS), were used to evaluate four hypotheses: (1) increased distress  and impact would relate to increased SRG; (2) time since event would relate to SRG; (3)  greater use of adaptive and maladaptive coping styles would relate to increased and  decreased SRG, respectively; and (4) coping styles would mediate any relation between  distress and impact and SRG. The first, second, and fourth hypotheses were not  supported; however, self-blame and positive reframing significantly correlated with SRG.  This revealed a possible inherent confound in how SRG is measured, in that SRG may  actually assess aspects of coping and religiosity.

abstract: Psychology


title: Factors affecting female participation in physical education

contributor:
Aucoin, Kathryn A. (author)
(Dodge, Ann) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Over 64% of females between the ages of 12-19 are physically inactive in Canada  (Gibbons &Gaul, 2004). Physical Education has the potential to promote healthy  lifestyles, to positively impact and contribute to physical activity levels of students, and to  provide meaningful learning and social experiences for adolescents. However, studies  have shown that female participation levels start to decrease in Physical Education as  early as grade 4. Research shows that female participation in Physical Education declines  from grade 7-9. This exploratory study investigates what influences female participation  in Physical Education. Fourteen female grade nine students from a rural junior high  school were interviewed regarding their experiences in Physical Education and physical  activity. Results highlighted that female participation in Physical Education is heavily  impacted by the enjoyment students experienced. Enjoyment levels impacted feelings of  competence and were a factor in the activities Physical Education class provided.  Participants specifically discussed their preference for participating in activities in which  they excelled. Competence was impacted by the level of physical activity outside of  school and how physically active their families were. Most participants discussed a  preference for co-educational Physical Education class, with many discussing either the  negative or positive impact of the competitive nature of males in Physical Education  class.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: An investigation of partial extractions designed to solubilize lead and zinc via a complexation desorption mechanism

contributor:
Chipman, Janice M. (author)
(Murimboh, John) (Thesis advisor)
(Stanley, Cliff) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Soil samples were collected across the till-covered Northeast Zone of the Gay’s River carbonate hosted massive sulphide (CHMS) Pb-Zn deposit near Stewiacke, Nova Scotia. Thirty-two samples were analyzed for metal concentrations above mineralization using partial extractions designed to determine the optimal reagent that solubilizes metals via a ‘complexation desorption’ mechanism, whereby ligands that produce strong complexes desorb metals from mineral(oid) surfaces. A variety of concentrations (0.010 M, 0.10 M, and 1.0 M solutions) of halide salt solutions (X = F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) were tested. Exploration accuracy and the associated geochemical contrast were determined for each extraction using Minimum Hypergeometric Probability (MHP) and Minimum Student’s t-test Probability (MTP) procedures. Furthermore, the pre- and post-digestion pH-pE conditions of soil samples were determined by measuring pH and dissolved Fe concentrations. These illustrate that both pH and pE conditions within the soils are strongly controlled by a Fe2+-Fe(OH)3 buffer, which remains important even during digestion. Overall, partial extraction results were largely un-successful and did not accurately identify anomalous samples over the sites expected to be anomalous with high geochemical contrast. Nevertheless, the relative performances of the partial digestions can be related to the geochemical behaviours of the reagents and the stability constants of Pb and Zn complexes. This suggests that a ‘complexation desorption’ mechanism is responsible for solubilization of Pb and Zn from soil particles, and that the partial extractions behaved as expected. As a result, it is likely that the distribution of adsorbed Pb and Zn in soils over the Northeast Zone at Gay’s River does not have an ideal geometry and does not conform to a vertical or up-dip element dispersion model.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Social licence and tidal energy development in Nova Scotia, Canada

contributor:
Lawrence, Caitlin (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Colton, John) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2019

abstract: Community Development

abstract:
Nova Scotia is a global example of a region taking advantage of its vast tidal energy resources through tidal energy testing and development. Alongside innovations in tidal energy technology, social and economic factors must also be considered,
especially the extent to which a social licence has been developed. Social licence, which is the ongoing approval or social acceptance of a project in a community, must be developed for communities to support and approve of a project or development. This research explores factors that support the development of social licence in the context of tidal energy in Nova Scotia, Canada. These factors include the importance of public education, the significance of baseline research, an understanding of the technology and its impacts, and the role of community and economic development. Interviews with a variety of key stakeholders in the tidal energy development industry provide insight into the role these four factors play in
supporting a social licence. While these four factors are significant, other critical principles include legitimacy, credibility, and trust


title: Characterization of Nova Scotia grape and wine

contributor:
Gjelaj, Mimoza (author)
(Tong, Anthony) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2019

abstract:
Much of the available literature on grape and wine surrounds their functions in history, literature, and culture; leaving a significant gap in the scientific understanding of them. While the understanding of the chemical nature of grape and wine has developed and advanced significantly worldwide since the early 1900’s, the analysis of Nova Scotia (NS) grape and wine has seen little to no scientific advancements. In this study, NS grape and wine samples were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to quantify organic acids, sugars,
and metals. Selected wines made from the sampled NS grape varieties were compositionally compared to wines from other
geographical locations. Principle component analysis (PCA) and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyse trends between wines from various locations. Trends in the PCA plots showed that based on the location of wine production, climate may play a predominant role in NS grape and wine composition. Differentiation between NS wine and other regions indicated that the available growing degree days and average yearly precipitation were influential in the accumulation of sugars and organic acids in both red and white varieties. Results from these analyses provide insights into
how climate modulates berry growth and contributes to the limited literature with regards to cool climate grape and wine.
Further, Nova Scotia grape and wine varieties, including red, white, Vitis vinifera and hybrid, were studied to determine chemical compositional changes throughout vinification. Through advancing the understanding of the chemical onstituents of Nova Scotia grape and wine, and how the climate shapes them, this study will help improve vineyard management and wine quality control throughout the province.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Bent angels: the demonology of C.S. Lewis

contributor:
Hawkesworth, David (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Robbins, Anna) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2019

abstract: Acadia Divinity College

abstract:
This thesis examines the demonology of C.S. Lewis as presented in his fiction (The Ransom Trilogy, The Screwtape Letters and The Great Divorce) and non-fiction (The Problem of Pain, Mere Christianity, Miracles, and Preface to Paradise Lost) and
explores the relevance of demons in Lewis’s theology. The contention being that Lewis’s demonology is so deeply integrated into the rest of his theology that if profoundly informs his eschatological view of the state unredeemed humanity. This state being the destruction of the imago dei in humanity and its replacement with the imago satanae, being the full realization of the perdition of the soul.
In order to provide this analysis Lewis is first placed in his personal, historical and theological context. His view on supernaturalism is established including his use of the concept of the unheimlich as his angelology is examined which indicates the profound fall the Demonic has experienced in its rebellion from God. Then an examination of Lewis’s demonology is considered including Lewis’s presentation of spiritual warfare and the Demonic agenda of total demonization towards humanity. This brings us to consider the response of God regarding the existence of the Demonic, namely the Incarnation and the future destiny of humanity in God’s economy (theosis). Lewis’s demonology is then considered in comparison to four of the leading theologians of the twentieth century regarding spiritual warfare (Powlison, Boyd, Wagner and Wink).
Recommendations for further study are offered based on this research and it isasserted that Lewis’s demonology is one
of the more robust and well-integrated of all the twentieth century theologians considered with an innovative presentation of eschatological humanity.


title: Focusing-oriented therapy: experiential journeys in resolving the resultant shame of childhood sexual abuse

contributor:
Steeves, Anne (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Lehr, Ron) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2019

abstract: Education

abstract:
This study explores the experiences of three women survivors of sexual abuse as they participate in focusing-oriented therapy to resolve the resultant shame of childhood sexual abuse. The exploration addresses the questions: How is focusing-oriented therapy experienced by women who are contending with an injury that is physical, emotional, and spiritual?  How might survivors address the shame they identify as hindering their well-being?  How does the experience of telling their stories of shame through focusing-oriented therapy affect participants’ sense of self?  The research was informed by a narrative inquiry methodology and utilized qualitative in-depth conversations to gather participants’ stories.
Data was interrogated through a narrative analysis using a case study approach. A feminist lens allowed the women’s experiences to be viewed as part of a gendered social system whereby the perpetration of sexual abuse against women is
enabled and the resultant injury often hidden and untreated. Focusing-oriented therapy as a holistic somatic intervention appears to offer survivors a promising opportunity for healing. Four synergistic components of focusing-oriented therapy proved to be most influential in the participants’ experience of positive change: a care-focused therapeutic alliance,
accessing the body’s somatic wisdom, clearing a holistic space (discernment of an inherent inner resource), and ittification (un-fusing shameand self). The findings from this study provide practical insight that could enhance the long-term effectiveness of clinical treatment for survivors of childhood sexual abuse.


title: Information processing in individuals with differing personality characteristics: An ERP study

contributor:
Pickrell, Amber L. (author)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to examine the processing of facial affect in  relation to psychopathy. Participants (N = 27) completed the Psychopathic Personality  Inventory (Lilienfield, 2005) and were divided into the two experimental groups (high  PPI and low PPI). The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while participants  viewed and responded to faces at three categories of emotional valence (happiness, fear,  and anger). Two ERP components, previously identified as being elicited during facial  recognition tasks, were of interest: the N170 and the N250. There were no significant  group differences for the N170 component. There was a group difference in ERP  amplitude in response to the faces when ERP responses were collapsed across emotional  facial expressions and electrode sites suggesting that individuals with higher levels of  psychopathy process emotional faces differently than those with lower levels of  psychopathy.

abstract: Psychology


title: Diabetes educators' confidence in exercise counseling: An examination of 'The Physical Activity and Exercise Tool-kit'

contributor:
Dillman, Carrie J. (author)
(Shields, Chris) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Physical activity and exercise are recognized as a primary means to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes. Despite these findings, individuals with diabetes have a low participation rate in these activities. Diabetes educators (DEs) are often looked to as a primary source of assistance for those with type 2 diabetes and increases in physical activity and exercise have been found among individuals with diabetes following education. However, research suggests that DEs lack training, expertise and confidence in their ability to provide effective exercise counselling to their clients. Further, while instructors‟ self-efficacy may be a key determinant of their personal behaviour, their beliefs in clients‟ abilities may have an important impact on their clients‟ behavior. Thus, understanding DE‟s beliefs regarding their personal abilities as well as those of their clients may be important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the „Physical Activity and Exercise Tool-kit‟ to improve DEs‟ personal perceptions regarding exercise counselling as well as DEs‟ perceptions regarding their clients‟ capabilities to undertake physical activity and exercise. Using a quasi-experimental, pre-post design, participants (N = 105) were assigned to an intervention or standard care group and completed measures of efficacies, attitudes, perceived difficulty and barriers, confidence in clients, perceived client attitudes and PA-related practice variables at baseline and 6-months. The intervention group received training around the „Tool-kit.‟ Findings indicate that use of the „Tool-kit‟ did help DEs develop confidence in their ability to prescribe exercise. Results highlight the importance of interventions focused on education in physical activity and exercise counselling to improve DEs capabilities in this essential area of type 2 diabetes management.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: The production of muon and tau neutrinos in core-collapse supernovae

contributor:
Hally, Kathryn (Katy) Ann Dent (author)
(Barkanova, Svetlana) (Thesis advisor)
(Schwenk, Achim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Neutrino interactions with matter composed of neutrons, protons and nuclei play  a crucial role in core-collapse supernovae, the spectacular explosions that mark the  deaths of massive stars. Over ninety-nine percent of the energy released during  such explosions is released as neutrinos, and it is believed that their production  and interactions with matter provide a mechanism which drives the explosion to its  conclusion. As such, accurate estimates for the rates of neutrino emission, absorption  and scattering are key input for supernovae simulations.  Our research presents the rst results for neutrino rates in supernovae based  on Chiral Eective Field Theory (EFT) and contrasts them to the phenomenological  models used in current simulations. We focus on the rate of neutrino-pair  bremsstrahlung due to nucleon-nucleon scattering. This reaction produces all three  generations of neutrinos through the process N + N ! N + N +  + , and is a  major source of  and  neutrinos.  The Chiral EFT results are compared to rates based on scattering data to further  demonstrate the improvement over rates which are currently used in supernova simulations.  The rates may be well constrained between the Chiral EFT and scattering  data results for densities  < 1014 g cm􀀀3. This enables us to provide a simple t  function representing our results for use in supernova simulations.  Core-collapse supernovae are the birth places of neutron stars. Furthermore,  the neutrino driven out  ows are believed to be a site for the creation of elements  heavier than iron. As such, an understanding of supernovae and the related neutrino  emissions is fundamental to a broader comprehension of the universe, on both an  astrophysical and an atomic scale.

abstract: Physics


title: Synthesis and photochemistry of 9-acetoxy-9-benzoylfluorene

contributor:
Ward, Sarah May Kathleen (author)
(Lukeman, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: 9-benzoyl-9-fluorenol (24) and 9-acetoxy-9-benzoylfluorene (25) were synthesized by  means of a procedure involving a Grignard reaction on a trimethylsilylfluorenone  cyanohydrin intermediate product. Confirmation of the synthesis was achieved through  mass spectrometry, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. An x-ray crystallographic structure was  obtained for 25. The photochemistry of both 24 and 25 was investigated to determine the  potential use of the 9-benzoylfluorenyl group as a photocage. GC-MS and UV-Vis  studies indicate that 24 undergoes homolytic α-cleavage upon irradiation. However,  analysis using UV-Vis, GC-MS, and 1H NMR suggest that 25 releases the acetate target  molecule through the desired cationic pathway when exposed to light, rather than  following the unwanted radical pathway. The quantum yield for this photoreaction was  measured in an aqueous-methanol solution and was determined to be 0.38. This yield was  acquired by observing the growth of photoproducts 24 and 36 with 1H NMR.  The 9-benzoylfluorenyl group is advantageous for photocaging applications in several  ways. Primarily, its synthesis is straightforward and clean. Also, the release of carboxylic  acids by heterolytic cleavage occurs rapidly and with a moderate quantum yield. This  yield can easily be improved by the addition of electron-donating substituents.  Furthermore, this system is conveniently achiral due to the symmetry of the fluorene ring  system. Finally, unlike some well known photocages, no highly absorbing cyclic  byproducts that compete for the photolysing light are formed. The 9-benzoylfluorenyl  system shows great promise in becoming an efficient new photoremovable protecting  group.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Production and purification TAT-Cre: A cell penetrating fusion protein that recombines floxed genes

contributor:
Himmelman, Jeff G. (author)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Cre recombinase is an enzyme that recognizes loxP (Locus of Crossover in P1; 34 base pairs length) sites inserted into a target gene that flank a specific sequence of DNA. This enzyme first cuts a DNA sequence that is encompassed by flanking loxP (floxed) sites and then rejoins the two ends of DNA resulting in recombination of a gene. When the Cre recombinase is fused with the Tat protein (11 amino acids), the resultant fusion protein penetrates cells and recombines a floxed gene. This approach has been used to inactivate floxed genes in order to determine their function within various types of cells. The goal of the present study was to induce E. coli cultures to produce the Tat-Cre fusion protein, obtain purified fractions and use them to recombine genes that had been floxed in murine astrocytic cultures. Tat-Cre protein production was induced in E. coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. Purity of Tat-Cre isolated in this manner was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. The activity of Tat-Cre was then assayed by incubation with murine astrocytes that had been genetically engineered such that the hypoxia-inducible factor gene HIF-2α had been floxed. Tat-Cre successfully produced recombination of these genes at concentrations as low as 200nM. Tat-Cre will be used in subsequent experiments to determine whether functional loss of the transcriptional regulatory factors HIF-1 and/or HIF-2 impairs the ability of astrocytes and neurons to produce proteins such as erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor that enable these cells to survive in a low oxygen environment.

abstract: Biology


title: Reclaiming the indigenous and treaty rights of the Mi'kmaq nation: An analysis of three engagements undertaken by the Mi'kmaq warrior society

contributor:
Gracey, Anthony R.J. (author)
(Sacouman, Jim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: This thesis examines why and how the Mi‟kmaq Warrior Society, an Indigenous social movement whose members belong to the Mi‟kmaq Nation, confronted its opponents during the three engagements analyzed here, and what this Indigenous social movement accomplished by confronting its opponents. In order to analyze the nature of this contemporary Indigenous social movement, this thesis employed a hybrid of two different analytical frameworks, Eyerman and Jamison‟s “cognitive praxis” framework and Marx‟s “mode of production” framework. The findings from this analysis demonstrated that the Mi‟kmaq Warrior Society mobilized because the Mi‟kmaq Nation is and has been historically denied rights to instruments of production, such as land and water, which are so vital to the Nation‟s cultural, social, and political health. Understanding the history of the Mi‟kmaq Nation is, therefore, essential in order to understand the nature of the Mi‟kmaq Warrior Society and what this Indigenous social movement accomplished.

abstract: Sociology


title: Examining the impact of exercise instructor delivery style on proxy related social cognitions and exercise behaviour

contributor:
Davis, Carah J. (author)
(Shields, Chris) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Purpose: To examine the influence of proxy interaction style on the social-cognitions and efficacy perceptions of exercise class participants.  Methods: The sample population consisted of 14 healthy yet sedentary participants (Mage = 30.1 years) recruited from the communities surrounding two Canadian universities. Participants were randomly assigned to either a proscriptive or collaborative exercise class setting of a 6-week long light resistance class and educational sessions. In order to test the variables in question, participants were given a set of measures to fill out at day 2 and day 6 of the study, which required them to comment on such things as their confidence in their instructor (proxy-efficacy), the confidence in their abilities (self-efficacy), enjoyment of the exercise, RISE beliefs, etc.  Results: A significant main effect for time was found for all efficacy-related perceptions (p=0.01) and exercise related social cognitions (p=0.04). There was also a significant group by time interaction found in the collaborative condition for RISE beliefs (p=0.025). While the RISE beliefs of the prescriptive group remained largely unchanged over time (MPresc1= 84.83, MPresc2 = 83.78), the RISE beliefs in the collaborative group increased over the course of the intervention (MCol1 = 71.20, MCol2 = 83.80).  Conclusion: The current results suggest that overall, an exercise and educational session is a positive outcome for novice exercisers regardless of the leadership style adopted. Also, a more collaborative approach seems to foster RISE beliefs in the novice exerciser which, according to previous literature, could increase self efficacy, relationship satisfaction, coping efforts, skill development and effort expended in an activity.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Sex role stereotyping in the Canadian advertising industry

contributor:
Malec, Angela Marie (author)
(Ash, Stephen) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: The objective of this honours thesis is to amalgamate academic research pertaining to the issue of sex role stereotyping in the Canadian advertising industry. Over the past few decades, there has been growing concern in Canada over the negative social and personal effects resulting from the misuse of gender stereotyping in advertisements. The majority of the concern has been raised over the depiction of women in traditional stereotype roles considered to be unrealistic or demeaning. Growing concern over the failure of advertisements to appropriately reflect emerging gender roles in modern society has sparked academic interest to investigate whether the advertising industry recognizes the implications of doing so. This paper will address the research results that have arisen from the academic interest on this topic and will provide a compelling argument for practitioners in the Canadian advertising industry to better reflect contemporary gender roles in advertisements. The academic thrust of this thesis is primarily grounded on secondary research. However, to reaffirm findings derived from the literature review, primary research in the form of a focus group was conducted. The purpose of the primary research was to ask participants to voice opinions and observations pertaining to the presence of sex role stereotyping in the Canadian advertising industry. After undertaking primary and secondary research, this research project then proposed several guidelines for practitioners in the advertising industry. The main purpose of these guidelines was to provide advertising industry professionals with a tool that could be applied to ensure best practices in the use of sex-role stereotypes. Advertisers should strive to ensure that: gender roles depicted in advertisements should reflect contemporary society; gender role portrayals should be congruent with the basic nature of the product category; the advertiser consider whether an alternate portrayal of a gender image can be depicted in the advertisement rather than a traditional sex-role stereotype depiction; and finally, the guidelines set forth in the Canadian Code of Advertising Standards have been reviewed, particularly those in Clause 14 which deal with unfair or demeaning portrayals in advertisements.

abstract: Business


title: Elucidating the biological activity of prodigiosin analogues

contributor:
MacDougall, Kristofer S. (author)
(McFarland, Sherri) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Prodigiosin is a naturally occurring red pigment containing a 4-methoxy,2-2-bipyrrole ring system, produced by terrestrial and marine bacterial strains such as Streptomyces and Serratia, and has been shown to possess anticancer activity. A new series of 13 C-ring functionalized prodigiosenes was examined for their biological activity through DNA cleavage assays, mechanism-based asssays, DNA binding studies, and cellular imaging studies for targeted use in breast cancer thearapy. The results of the copper-mediated DNA cleavage assays show that all prodigiosenes induce single-strand breaks in the presence of copper(II) ions. The β-carbonyl group on the C-ring, as well as the attachment of ester linkages, did not significantly lower the activity of the prodigiosenes. However, there appears to be a critical length for the C-ring carbon tether that greatly inhibits the ability to cleave DNA. Cleavage of the DNA, as determined from mechanism-based assays, was envisioned to occur through reduction of Cu(II) to form Cu(I), followed by reaction with H2O2 to form a Cu-oxo species (and/or hydroxyl radical), which can cause single-stranded breaks in the DNA. DNA binding was characterized though spectroscopic analyses of CT-DNA titrations as well as DNA melting studies, and indicate a definite interaction with DNA. CT-DNA titrations with free prodigiosene showed signs of intercalation into the CT-DNA as well as protonation of the C-ring nitrogen of the prodigiosene, while CT-DNA titrations of Cu(II)-bound prodigiosene demonstrate signs of primarily intercalation. Melting studies also indicate an interaction with DNA as the prodigiosenes increased the melting point of CT-DNA, pointing toward an intercalative binding mode. Cellular imaging assays also revealed that prodigiosene, as well as a prodigiosene-copper mixture can be taken up by HL-60 human leukemia cells. These results, as well as others, are detailed and discussed in this report.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Fisheries management under the sustainability paradigm: The role of science

contributor:
Nadolny, Emily D. (author)
(Lusby, Linda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: In today’s economy, the immediate gains from resource exploitation frequently  take precedence over the long term environmental benefits of sustainable management.  The sustainability paradigm – encompassing society, the economy and the environment -  has been accepted as an essential factor in the management of natural resources and  human advancement, yet global concerns are often far removed from management  mechanisms applied at a more local level. The 1992 collapse of the Northern Ground  fishery in Atlantic Canada is a prime example of inconsistent and fragmented uses of  science in decision-making, reflecting an overly politicized fisheries management regime.  This bureaucratization of science can be seen to violate scientific standards and inevitably  influence management strategies that counteract any goals of sustainability. An analysis  of post-moratorium management strategies as well as recent stock and science advisory  reports revealed the influences of fragmented research and conflicting interests. Results  illustrate inconsistent and selective use of science in policymaking with emphasis on  socioeconomic rather than environmental concerns. As a result, many of the fisheries  management initiatives have become mere statements that express, but do not fulfill an  urgent need for sustainable-based management of natural resources. The recent recovery  and managerial successes of Baltic Sea groundfish illustrates the fundamental synergies  between environmental and political factors, ultimately suggesting that only such  synergies between the two have resulted in a stock increase. This study along with the  aforementioned analyses can provide a better understanding of the difficulties presented  in managing fisheries under the sustainability paradigm within a political context.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: The effects of passive cycling on body composition of elderly individuals: A pilot study

contributor:
Dea, Jennifer (author)
(Murphy, René) (Thesis advisor)
(Seaman, Roxanne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Aging is a natural part of one’s developmental program and is accompanied by several  behavioural, physical and physiological changes. The first chapter of this thesis touches  on the underlying physiological changes of aging and the factors that affect the process.  It explores cardiovascular deficits experienced by individuals with muscle atrophy, and  finally, looks at the effectiveness of passive cycling as a method of muscle rehabilitation  in individuals with muscle atrophy. The second chapter of this thesis examines the  effectiveness of a passive cycling exercise intervention on the body composition of  elderly, frail, nursing home residents. The aim of the pilot study was to determine if this  type intervention would yield significant changes. It was determined that a 4 week  intervention where the participants exercised 3 times a week for 10 minutes was not  sufficient to yield significant changes. Further research is required to determine the  appropriate frequency and duration of a passive cycling intervention so that significance  may be observed.

abstract: Biology


title: Experimentally controlled book reading and attachment styles

contributor:
DeLong, Claire M. (author)
(Symons, Doug) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: The present study examined children's use of mental state (MS) language during a controlled social interaction in which they read a children's book with a doll surrogate. Participants were 22 children who interacted with a doll whose verbal feedback was provided by an experimenter to contain either mental state references or no such references. Contrary to expectations, these two kinds of social behavior did not have an impact on the child's own use of mental state language when reading to the doll. In addition, child security was measured using a self-report security measure and a narrative task in which children answered questions about a child pain experience, and they also completed an emotional labeling task. There was a significant negative relation between the total number of MS words uttered by the participant and emotional labeling as well as family socioeconomic status. However, there was no evidence of systematic relations between children's attachment style and any of the joint reading measures.

abstract: Psychology


title: Why so slow?: Tri-level government's impact on environmental solutions in Nova Scotia

contributor:
Norwood, Erin E. (author)
(Grieve, Malcolm) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Everyday, the Canadian government makes decisions through the  interaction of the federal, provincial and municipal government. Although most  citizens are only concerned with the outcome of these interactions, it it important  to evaluate the process through which these decisions emerge. Typically, the  process is mandated by legislation designating jurisdiction to a particular level of  government. In the case of environmental legislation, the jurisdiction becomes  less clear. This thesis will attempt to examine the interaction of tri-level  governments through two environmental remediation projects in Nova Scotia in  order to determine what factors slow down the process.  Through an analysis of two separate environmental initiatives, the Halifax  harbour and the Sydney tar ponds, it is obvious that there are three main features  of the inter-governmental relations that are affecting the timely completion of  these projects. The factors that impede progress are the jurisdictional duplication  and vagueness on environmental issues, competing goals and objectives of the  stakeholders, and cost-sharing and funding strategies in developing these  projects. Analyzing these factors within specific cases gives insight into the real  decision process behind environmental issues. With the environment weighing  more on the Canadian conscience today, it is more important than ever to ensure  an effective framework for the interaction of the municipal, provincial and federal  governments.

abstract: Politics


title: Equine artificial insemination: An examination of methods and evaluation of attitudes

contributor:
Chu, Camilla T. (author)
(Snyder, Marlene) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Horses have had a major impact on humans across the globe. They have helped us travel faster and farther and are now important in entertainment and sport. Since wild horses were caught and domesticated, humans have artificially bred them to be faster, stronger, smaller, and larger. Today, there are hundreds of variations of horses. The horse industry provides many jobs and has an impact on the global economy. Research and development has lead to technological advances ranging from improvements in racing surfaces, equipment, care and breeding. Artificial insemination has been developed in the last half century and is commonly practiced today. An examination of the biological procedures involved has shown that it is a controlled method of breeding, reducing the problems associated with contaminated semen. It also prevents dangerous accidents between stallions and mares. Some believe that it is a safer, more carefully controlled method for breeding, but artificial insemination still raises controversy. While most equestrian sports allow and encourage artificial insemination as a method of breeding, the most disproportionately lucrative equestrian industry, thoroughbred racing, does not allow artificial insemination in any of its competitors. Despite difficulty in obtaining objective data, the analysis presented here suggests that there are no negative affects of artificial insemination. However, recent advances in technology and differences in sport are a few factors that complicate this conclusion.

abstract: Biology


title: Adult attachment styles as predictors of the use and sequencing of coping strategies

contributor:
Takacs, Trista A. (author)
(Holmberg, Diane) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: The present study examined how stressor severity and adult attachment styles predicted  both the use and sequencing of coping strategies. In a on-line component, 151 participants  completed questionnaires assessing adult attachment styles and general coping  behaviours. Participants were also asked to recall either a minor or major stressor they  had experienced within the last six months. In a laboratory component, 75 participants  were asked to elaborate on strategies used in order to cope with their target stressor, and  complete a card-sorting task to indicate the order in which the various coping strategies  had been employed. As predicted, consistent results confirmed avoidant individuals  employing distancing strategies earlier, as well as emotion-focused strategies appearing  earlier for anxious individuals. However, the remaining strategies did not vary by stressor  type (i.e., general versus target stressor) and severity (i.e., major versus minor).

abstract: Psychology


title: Are Wii Fit or foolish?: A comparison of Nintendo Wii games with active and sedentary activities

contributor:
Bondre, Monica B. (author)
(Murphy, René) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: In chapter 1 a literature review describing the important issues relating to  the worldwide obesity epidemic is presented. Within the literature review is a  description of the current obesity problem as well as contributing factors for  obesity such as improper diet and lack of physical activity. The focus of this  review was placed on children and adolescents, however it is important to note  that obesity affects all individuals and that obesity rates among children and  adolescents are a strong predictor for obesity in adulthood. Potential new-age  technological solutions for the current obesity epidemic, such as the use of  Exergames, specifically the Nintendo Wii, were also reviewed in this chapter.  Chapter 2 describes research that focused on determining the potential  cardiovascular benefits associated with playing three Nintendo Wii games. Data  was collected from twenty-seven university-aged students. The results indicated  that the Nintendo Wii games tested were unable to serve as complete substitutes  for traditional forms of physical activity such as walking and running. However the  results indicated that the more active Nintendo Wii games could help improve  cardiovascular health if used in conjunction with other more active forms of  physical activity.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Photogeneration of meta and para quinone methides from quaternary ammonium salts

contributor:
Kelland, Lindsay Gail (author)
(Lukeman, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Quinone methides are reactive intermediates useful in many different organic  reactions, both biological and synthetic. QMs are key intermediates being used in cancer  treatments and prove to be useful in cross-linking DNA. In this project, we sought to  develop an improved photochemical route to m and p-QMs by using quaternary  ammonium salts. Quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized by reductive amination  of hydroxybenzaldehydes followed by methylation with methyl iodide. Quantum yields  for formation of QMs via photodehydration of o, m, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohols were 0.23,  0.12 and 0.007 respectively. The quantum yields from the Mannich bases and quaternary  ammonium salts appeared to be much higher at 0.98 for each, indicating a much higher  efficiency.  Meta and para quinone methides formation from quaternary ammonium salts has not  been studied previously. The QM intermediates formed were studied using Laser Flash  Photolysis. LFP was used to gather information about rates and lifetimes of the QMs. 1H  NMR spectroscopy was also used to characterize the photoproducts of all reactions.  Quaternary ammonium salts have superior qualities than previously used QM precursors  including high water solubility (making reactions in biological systems possible) and  lower nucleophilicity (so the starting material is less likely to react with the intermediate).

abstract: Chemistry


title: Ferrocene-conjugated ruthenium (II) complexes as potential PDT agents

contributor:
Levangie, Jacquelyn E. (author)
(McFarland, Sherri) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: This work investigated and characterized various ferrocene-conjugated ruthenium(II) complexes as potential agents for cancer treatment in photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is an emerging noninvasive treatment modality for cancerous tumors that facilitates the selective destruction of cancerous cells while maintaining the condition of the body’s healthy tissues. This method works through light-activation of a photosensitizing drug, which preferentially localizes within cancerous tissue, resulting in the tumor’s destruction. Current PDT agents are limited by (1) short-wavelength absorption, (2) reliance on molecular oxygen in the damage-inducing mechanism, (3) prolonged retention within various bodily tissues, (4) difficult reproducibility, and (5) poor selectivity toward target cells. With the hopes of addressing and overcoming these current limitations, three mixed-metal ferrocene-conjugated ruthenium(II) complexes have been investigated in order to assess their ability to induce DNA photocleavage. Furthermore, this study will broaden the knowledge of organometallics as synthetic photonucleases in PDT. All three complexes studied are cleave supercoiled (SC) pUC19 plasmid DNA with exposure to 420-nm light. UV-visible absorption spectral measurements indicate that the complexes show good DNA binding properties, while viscometric titration data suggests an intercalative mode of binding for the two complexes possessing planar 2-(pyrid-2’-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine ligands and a partial groove /partial intercalative mode of binding for the remaining mixed-metal complex. Mechanistic studies using various inhibitors reveal the involvement of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals in the DNA photocleavage reactions for all three complexes. Deoxygenated photocleavage assays show that none of the studied complexes are  x  completely dependent on molecular oxygen to successfully achieve DNA photocleavage. Together the results of the mechanistic studies and the deoxygenated studies suggest that a number of DNA damaging pathways are induced by the iron-ruthenium(II) complexes included in this study. These results, and others, are detailed in this report.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Epidemiological patterns of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in Cape Breton

contributor:
Drohan, Ashley E. (author)
(Bell, Colin) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most frequent cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. The incidence of these infections has been rapidly increasing everywhere, including Nova Scotia, which saw over a 95% increase in infection rates over 8 years. Recently this infamous pathogen has begun to establish itself in our communities, forming a more aggressive and virulent strain of community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). These infections posses the ability to cause disease in otherwise healthy people, unlike the nosocomial strain which preys on the sick and immune compromised. The first case of CA-MRSA in Canada was reported in 1981, and since then it has been popping up all over the country. The purpose of this study was to establish the percentage of MRSA infections in Cape Breton (District 8) that were caused by the community strain. Isolates from every documented case of MRSA from January 2007- May 2008 were collected and tested for the Panton Valentin Leukocidin (PVL) using the Polymerase Chain Reaction. PVL has a high correlation to community strains of MRSA. Those isolates that tested PVL positive were then typed to determine which specific strain they belonged to. This information is important for determining epidemiological patterns. The results of these tests determined that 21% of the isolates were CA-MRSA, over twice of the national and provincial average. Attempts were made to unveil the reasons for this elevated proportions, but no clear connections between cases could be established. Future research is important, since CA-MRSA is a major public health issue and understanding its virulence, transmission and resistance patterns will help prevent and treat infections.

abstract: Biology


title: An exploratory investigation into technology, work, and the internet generation

contributor:
DesJardine, Mark (author)
(Weatherbee, Terrance) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: A great deal of previous research has focused on the effects that an individual‘s perceptions of technology have on the way they use technology at work and at home. However, there is very limited research studying the relationship between generational differences, age cohorts, and perceptions and use of technology at work or home. As the workforce in society continues to experience an expanding domain of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at work, and as the dominant cohort, the baby-boomers, is replaced with a younger generation of workers, understanding differences in perceptions and use of technology becomes increasingly critical. This study focuses on the effects that generational and management differences have on overall ICT use, communication frequency using ICTs, technology acceptance, and job performance. Results suggest that there are significant differences in perceptions and use of technology between members of the Internet Generation and the pre-Internet cohort and between line-workers and management. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

abstract: Business


title: Moral competition in Aristotle's virtue friendship

contributor:
Nielsen, Josephine (author)
(Wilks, Ian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: In Chapter 1, I examine Aristotle’s concept of virtue friendship and what it entails,  who partakes in such friendship, and what these individuals sacrifice and gain in the  process.  In Chapter 2, I look at Kraut’s proposal that there is moral competition present in  virtue friendship. He claims that, while the usual understanding of competition means  that there is only one winner and all the rest of the competitors are losers, there is also a  different kind of possible competition which allows everyone to be a winner – although  one individual will undoubtedly end up better off than the rest. So in Kraut’s view moral  competition does not necessarily lead to egoism. Instead, he allows for mixed  motivations behind virtuous acts so that when individuals perform a virtuous act with a  friend in mind they are not required to forget themselves entirely.  In Chapter 3, I look at Annas’ response. She claims that there cannot be moral  competition in virtue friendship since such competition would undermine the virtue itself  and make it impossible for there to be virtuous individuals. Instead, she suggests that,  since Aristotle uses the term “self-love” in an unconventional way, the passages referring  to competition in virtue friendship should be understood in an unconventional way.  Accordingly, she arrives at the conclusion that the interaction between virtuous  individuals is a form of cooperation rather than moral competition. Therefore, she does  not recognize the possibility of moral competition in Aristotle’s virtue friendship.  In the final chapter, I assess the respective merits of the two positions. I conclude  that the moral competition in virtue friendship is constituted in such a way that it does not  aim at some further goal, but is instead concerned with performing the virtuous acts to the  individual’s highest ability. In this way I maintain that virtuous individuals can be aware  of the fact that they receive the fine for performing virtuous actions, while not making  that fact the motivation for those actions.

abstract: Philosophy


title: Attempted characterization of the toxic properties of salivary gland extracts in Sorex shrews

contributor:
Sanford, Samantha D. (author)
(Stewart, Donald) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: The Northern short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda Say, 1823, possesses neurotoxic saliva. Recently two proteins that are putatively responsible for its paralytic effects have been isolated and sequenced. These are referred to as Blarina Toxin (BLTX) and Soricidin. Currently five other groups within the order Insectivora are suspected of possessing salivary toxins that may elicit similar reactions; however, only Blarina has been studied at the molecular level. Three of these additional species belong to the Soricinae subfamily of shrews. Based on the theory of parsimony, it is hypothesized that other species within the same subfamily should exhibit the trait as well. To date, the masked shrew, Sorex cinereus Kerr, 1792, has shown the most promising evidence in demonstrating toxic saliva; however, these properties have not been confirmed or characterized in any detail. Since toxins in many species co-evolve in concert with either predators or prey, demonstrating neurotoxic properties of suspected compounds may not be straightforward. This project has focused on two methods of characterizing salivary toxins from Sorex cinereus. The first method consisted of preparing crude salivary gland extracts and injecting them into adult darkling beetles, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758, to monitor for signs of paralysis. The second method involved developing degenerate primers to amplify and sequence the genes that code for the peptides of the toxic salivary proteins. Injections of crude salivary gland extracts from Sorex cinereus did not elicit any obvious signs of paralysis in insects. PCR amplification using degenerate primers resulted in amplification of DNA fragments of expected sizes for both Soricidin and BLTX, however, attempts to sequence these amplicons were unsuccessful. Due to the lack of concrete data for the characterization of the toxic properties in Sorex shrews, further analyses of these genes are recommended.

abstract: Biology


title: Definitions and organizational practice of sustainability in the for-profit sector of Nova Scotia

contributor:
Hannon, Ashley Devie (author)
(Callaghan, Edith) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: The term “sustainability” has now been a part of local, national, and international  environmental discussions for well over a decade. First legitimized by the United Nations  in 1987 with the release of the Brundtland Commission and Our Common Future  (WCED, 1987), the term “sustainability” has come to have vastly different meanings for  different business organizations.  Organizations are faced with a high degree of uncertainty when attempting to move  towards sustainability. The immense amount of literature and information available about  the concept is daunting. Although many concepts, frameworks, and tools are available for  business executives to use, little has been done in terms of developing in a rigorous,  applied definition of sustainability that can be clearly understood, implemented, and  measured within the organization. Therefore, this study aims to gain insight into  executives’ thinking around definitions and the implementation of sustainability practices  in Nova Scotia.  This thesis begins with a comprehensive literature review of three methods for integrating  sustainability into business, and then discusses the importance of leaders in ensuring  sustainability is effectively implemented. The research outlined in this thesis utilizes a  small sample of for-profit organizations in Nova Scotia deemed to be “sustainable” by  external validation sources, and analyzes their responses to interview questions in order  to develop key relationships among the data.  xi  Although conceptualizations of sustainability among business executives in Nova Scotia  have also shown a level of confusion, the findings of this study indicate that there are  four key relationships among types of definition used, experiences leading to those  definitions, the integration of strategic and operational planning, and the reputation of the  organization that could be helpful insights into future research in this area.

abstract: Business


title: Ultra high-resolution imaging of brachiopod shells: Assessing their robustness as paleo-environmental indicators

contributor:
Granek, Justin Samuel (author)
(Pufahl, Peir K.) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Brachiopods are bivalve invertebrates that are routinely used by Earth scientists to understand the chemistry of ancient oceans. Because brachiopod shells are thought to precipitate in chemical equilibrium with seawater, their shell chemistry reflects ocean composition at the time of precipitation. What is not clear is how shell chemistry is altered during burial once the brachiopod dies and is exported into the geological record. Although Earth scientists use an array of techniques to assess changes in shell microstructure during burial, they often lack the resolution necessary to adequately determine whether shells are altered. Such analysis is paramount when establishing what brachiopods should be used for paleoenvironmental interpretation. Techniques commonly employed in the material sciences to understand microstructure include scanning electron microscopy coupled with a dedicated cathodoluminescence system (SEM-CL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These techniques, however, are not widely used in the Earth sciences. For the first time the microstructure of unaltered and altered brachiopod shells from a range of geological ages are analyzed using these techniques to better understand alteration. Based on CL microfabrics, four categories of increasing shell alteration are observed. Cursory TEM analysis indicates that differences in shell chemistry are related to changes in shell microstructure during alteration. Such changes in microfabric include dislocations and stacking faults within the low Mg calcite. Further TEM work is necessary to confirm these relationships.

abstract: Physics


title: Rearranging arranged marriage: The meaning of marriage in India

contributor:
Kumar, Parvathy (author)
(Abramson, Zelda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Historically, arranged marriages, the most common form of marriage in India, have been normally organized by the parents of the bride and groom, with no decisions made by the bride. Today, parents still play a vital role in the marriage arrangements; however, the bride is becoming increasingly involved in the decision-making process. This change is a result of modern education which has induced changes within the patriarchal social structure, cultural norms and value system of India. Modern education introduced Indian women to a new way of thinking and they were encouraged to go beyond their traditional roles of wife and mother to focus on their education and career, and find aspirations and goals outside of marriage. This has led to modifications of the beliefs and customs of Indian marriages, as the stringent rules and expectations that surrounded the traditional form of arranged marriage restructured to a form that is considered more lenient and accepting for Indian women. Through interviews conducted with three Indian women, I have shown how modern education has rearranged the Indian marriage institution as a result of the compromises made between the young and the old generation.

abstract: Sociology


title: Role of infection intensity on the ability of human macrophages to repeat phagocytosis of erythrocytes parasitised by Plasmodium falciparum

contributor:
Dohoo, Carolyn H. (author)
(Smith, Todd) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: An important aspect of innate immunity to Plasmodium falciparum is the phagocytosis of  P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (PEs) by macrophages. Previous studies have  revealed that phagocytic efficiencies of macrophages vary greatly between genetically  different clones and between infected individuals, and that macrophage function may be  inhibited by internalisation of haemozoin, a parasite waste product. The first objective of  this study was to assess, in vitro, the influence of parasitaemia, the percentage of infected  erythrocytes, on phagocytic efficiency. The second objective was to assess how  phagocytic efficiencies during a second challenge (i.e., repeat phagocytosis) were  affected by different parasitaemia levels. Macrophages from three human volunteers were  incubated with parasite cultures of 0.2%, 1% and 5% parasitaemia levels for 4 h in a  phagocytosis assay, and then stained and observed using light microscopy. Four days  following the initial phagocytosis assay, macrophages were incubated again with cultures  of 0%, 0.2%, 1% and 5% parasitaemia, stained and observed. Macrophages initially  incubated with higher parasitaemia levels had significantly increased phagocytic  efficiencies, 55.6% for clone ITG-2F6 and 39.8% for clone 3D7A. In macrophages that  were initially incubated with 5% parasitaemia, phagocytic efficiency increased by 6 to  7.5 times during the second challenge on day 9 compared to macrophages initially  exposed to 0% parasitaemia. These findings reveal that parasitaemia levels in vitro  influence the phagocytic efficiency of macrophages and that repeat phagocytosis is not  inhibited by parasite internalisation, but that macrophage function is actually increased by  prior exposure to infected erythrocytes.

abstract: Biology


title: Quantifying the photo-oxidation of dissolved organic carbon by ultra-violet radiation in freshwater lakes: Development of a whole-lake model

contributor:
Haverstock, Sarah C. (author)
(O'Driscoll, Nelson) (Thesis advisor)
(Committee member)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

format: electronic electronic

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) absorbs ultra-violet radiation and is photo-oxidized, producing a variety of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) compounds of which CO2 is the greatest. We lack quantitative models to describe the kinetics of this photo-oxidation. The objective of this study was to quantify the rate of abiotic conversion of DOC to DIC in five lakes in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia, with DOC concentrations ranging from 3.27 to 12.3 mg L-1. The rates of DOC photo-oxidation and DIC production were determined by irradiating lake water samples with UV-B and UV-A radiation under controlled conditions. The quantity of DOC and DIC remaining was then measured using a Shimadzu high sensitivity Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyzer. These measurements were combined with attenuation spectra from the lakes to produce a predictive model for DOC photo-oxidation in freshwater. The following conclusions were drawn: i) attenuation coefficients for UV-A were positively correlated with DOC concentrations, ii) UV-B radiation is 2.36 times more efficient at photo-oxidizing DOC than UV-A radiation, iii) rates of DIC production ranged from 6.00  10-5 to 3.05 10-4 mg L-1J-1 (UV-B) and from 3.73 10-5 to 1.13 10-4 mg L-1J-1 (UV-A); higher rates of DIC production were observed in higher DOC lakes, iv) CO2 was produced at greater depths in lakes with smaller DOC concentrations for UV-A exposures, and v) low DOC lakes can produce similar amounts of CO2 per m2 as high DOC lakes under UV-A radiation; production is simply distributed over a greater depth. Although CO2 contributions from the photo-oxidation of DOC in lakes are on their own small, ranging from 4.24 kg year-1 (UV-B) to 1704 kg year-1 (UV-A), the impacts on individual lake functioning and ecology may be significant.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Liberty, unity and the Princeps: The changing focus of Roman politics and literature at the end of the Republic and in the early Principate

contributor:
Furtado, Kathryn E. R. (author)
(Verstraete, Beert) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: !e theme of liberty being given up in favour of security is a recurring one throughout Sir  Ronald Syme's !e Roman Revolution. But Syme's prosopographic account of the aristocratic  struggles for total power in Rome during the civil wars was heavily in"uenced by the rise of  Fascism in Europe, and so this conclusion perhaps does not come as much of a surprise. Further,  there is some precedent, in the later ancient sources such as Tacitus, for the end of liberty to be  associated with the end of the Republic, and the new monarchy of the Roman Empire to be, like  the monarchy preceding the Republic, inimical to liberty. However, modern scholarship has  certainly broadened beyond the aristocrat-centred thesis that Syme applied to Roman  government. F. E. Adcock brought the concepts of "des and auctoritas into the considerations of  Roman political thought, trying to show their in"uence on a grander scale, beyond the  ambitions of the aristocratic class. More recent scholarly trends of trying to take into account the  common people have prompted seemingly more 'popular' studies as well. Millar's publication of  !e Crowd in Rome in the Late Republic brought scholars to examine the role of the democratic  portions of Rome's unwritten Republican constitution, or even more in-depth analyses of the  constitutional organs themselves. !e e#ects on the provincials, who formed the majority of the  Roman army in the Late Republic, are examined in in-depth studies of contemporary literature,  as seen in Josiah Osgood's Caesar's Legacy: Civil War and the Emergence of the Roman Empire, or  the consideration of the political role and motivation of the army in studies such as Arthur  Keaveney's !e Army in the Roman Revolution. !e following chapters will make use of all these  areas of scholarship in an attempt to bring more light to Syme's theme of a liberty foresaken by  the few who even held it in favour of the much-needed security and stability created by  1  Augustus when he came to power.  Syme does not really consider, in !e Roman Revolution, what liberty actually meant at Rome  – indeed, a number of scholars make reference to liberty without providing any sort of  framework for it. P. A. Brunt o#ers a detailed and insightful essay on libertas in !e Fall of the  Roman Republic and Related Essays, attempting to avoid the mistakes made by other modern  scholars, and seeking to o#er some truly ancient de$nition(s) of the term. His $ndings, perhaps  not surprisingly, provide no clear-cut answer to the question of liberty – it is equally di%cult to  de$ne it today – but his overall conclusion is that Roman libertas is a combination of having  one's person and property protected by the law, and being able to exercise a certain degree of  political power. Brunt's $ndings will inform the $rst chapter of this thesis, which will focus on  how liberty was seen to be connected to the Republic by Cicero, writing at the end of the  Republic, and Livy, writing in the early Principate.  A&er considering the view of liberty within the Roman Republic, we will consider its actual  workings. Andrew Lintott has compiled a comprehensive sketch of the composition, working  and balance of the Republican government in !e Constitution of the Roman Republic which will  largely help inform the discussion of the assemblies within the Roman constitution. Millar's  views on the importance of the crowd in Roman politics will be considered along with the  cautions o#ered by Brunt and Mouritsen on the powers of the magistrates who call the  assemblies, and the physical and procedural limitations that were presented in the Roman  exercise of 'democracy'. Finally, Keaveney's study of the army in the Roman Revolution will be  taken into account as a separate forum in which the voice of the common people may be heard.  All these $ndings will be considered in light of the political climate of the time, as de$ned by the  2  historical events from the Gracchi through to the Second Triumvirate.  With the battle of Actium and the end of the civil wars came the restoration of order to the  Roman state by the man who would come to be called Augustus. Augustus would attempt to  create a public memory of his reign in his Res Gestae, and this will be examined in an attempt to  identify his motives. Augustus would also look to the creation of a Roman culture, in part  through the patronage of poets and authors who would build up a Roman literary corpus. One  of these poets, Virgil, created the Aeneid, an epic poem on the founding of the Roman race  which praised Augustus, and de$ned what it was to be Roman in this new era of stability. In the  $nal chapter, common themes in the Aeneid and the Res Gestae will be sought, and contrasted to  another piece of Augustan literature which speaks of the liberty of the Roman people, the $rst  books of Livy's Ab Urbe Condita (which will have been considered in the $rst chapter).  !e careful examination of ancient texts over the course of the 'Roman Revolution' will o#er  some insight into how the Romans perceived liberty during the chaotic times leading up to the  civil wars, and how, when $nally order was restored to the state, this stability was re"ected in a  shi& of focus from liberty and good leadership to a unity of purpose under the leadership of  Augustus.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Invasive tunicates in Halifax harbour: Exploring the spatial and temporal distribution of Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) and its potential effects on other fouling biota

contributor:
Jewiss, Beth (author)
(Redden, Anna) (Thesis advisor)
(Dadswell, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Centuries of raw sewage outfall and heavy shipping traffic in Halifax Harbour have led to excessive inputs of nutrients and other contaminants, which can affect the distribution, diversity and abundance of marine fouling biota. The presence of invasive species, introduced by marine currents and by commercial vessels, may also contribute to the observed patterns in distribution and abundance of fouling biota in the harbour. The vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis, an opportunistic invasive species found in Atlantic Canada and worldwide, was the focus of a study that examined the occurrence and abundance of invasive tunicates in Halifax Harbour. Line sets of PVC settlement plates were deployed at selected sites along the south side of the harbour in mid-June 2008 and retrieved at approximately five, ten and fifteen week intervals, for examination of spatial and temporal patterns in invertebrate settlement and growth. Ciona intestinalis was one of the dominant organisms attached to plates and the only invasive tunicate observed in the harbour. They were found at all sites during all months, and were attached only to the bottom side of the plates. Taxonomic richness and the abundance patterns of other main taxa were determined using a combination of general observations and species counts on plates of each line. Differences in taxonomic richness and assemblage structure were apparent with both site and position on the plate (top versus bottom), though neither richness nor the abundance of mussels or polychaetes appeared to be a major influence on tunicate settlement. Ciona intestinalis competes with other taxa for food and space, and has the potential to quickly alter the assemblage structure of fouling biota of invaded waters.

abstract: Biology


title: Isolation and examination of B, C and E class mads-box gene homologues in vaccinium

contributor:
Migicovsky, Zoe Danielle (author)
(Evans, Rodger) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Angiosperms are one of the most diverse groups of plants, with the flower being  the main unifying feature among them. All angiosperms have the unifying character of  having their organs arranged in four whorls; sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. MADSBox  genes are extremely important for determining the morphology of a flower, with  different genes influencing different whorls of the flower. A model derived from analyses  of MADS-Box genes, the ABC model, describes floral organ identity as being controlled  by three gene functions. In this model, A-function acts on sepal identity, A and B on  petal, B and C on stamen, and C on carpels. Recently the ABC model was updated in  order to include E-function genes, which contribute to sepal, petal, and carpel identity. In  this study, RNA was extracted from floral bud tissues of five species of Vaccinium (V.  auricifolium, V. vitis-idaea, V. boreale, V. angustifolium, and V. corymbosum) and  reverse transcribed into cDNA. Universal B- and C-class primers were used to amplify  MADS-Box genes from these respective classes, with the B-class primers unintentionally  isolating E-class genes as well. The genes were sequenced and edited before being  subjected to nucleotide-nucleotide BLAST searches in GenBank, which determined that  they matched those of documented MADS-Box genes. The sequences were aligned and  phylogenetic trees were created in order to determine their evolutionary relationships.  Further studies can examine expression patterns by designing sequence specific probes  for in-situ hybridization studies. Examining genes responsible for the development  organs in flowers helps achieve a better understanding of the complex interactions that  generate them and furthers our understanding of flower evolution in general, and  Vaccinium specifically.

abstract: Biology


title: PAH-appended phenanthroline ligands for use in photodynamic therapy

contributor:
Scott, John R. (author)
(MacFarland, Sherri) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Octahedral ruthenium(II) complexes of the form [Ru(bpy)2L]2+, where bpy = 2,2‟-bipyridine and L = PAH-appended 1,10-phenanthroline, were explored for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is a chemotherapeutic technique that employs a photosensitizing drug which tends to accumulate in malignant tissue and upon selective irradiation destroys cancerous cells. The compounds 1-4 were designed to overcome the limitations of current PDT agents, including (i) short wavelength absorption, (ii) reliance on dioxygen to function, (iii) retention by target tissue, (iv) low reproducibility, and (v) prolonged side effects following treatment. This investigation extended existing reports that polypyridyl-ruthenium systems can both bind to DNA and cause photoinduced strand cleavage in supercoiled plasmids. Interactions between the complexes and DNA were monitored using agarose gel electrophoresis and a series of binding studies. Key results emphasized the mono-substituted ethynylpyrene ligands as the most efficient and potent DNA photocleavers, having EC50 values in the nanomolar region and evidence for double-strand DNA breaks. These compounds were also found to have the most pronounced changes in UV-VIS spectral measurements, DNA melting temperatures, and relative viscosity, concluding their intercalative mode of DNA binding. The disubstituted-ethynylpyrene and mono-substituted perylene complexes disclosed moderate shifts in UV-VIS spectral studies, DNA melt curves, and viscosity measurements owing to their minor groove binding and partial intercalating propensities. All compounds showed slight oxygen dependence once degassed with argon except the 5-substituted ethynylpyrene phenanthroline complex which was equally as effective under the anaerobic conditions.

abstract: Chemistry


title: The effect of relaxin on hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha expression under normoxicand ischemic conditions using an organotypic neonatal rat brain culture system

contributor:
Babcock, Heather (author)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Relaxin is a peptide hormone belonging to the insulin peptide super family.  Previous research has demonstrated that relaxin has neuroprotective effects that  decrease cell death and damage during ischemic stroke. Many of these  neuroprotective mechanisms such as vasodilation, suppression of inflammation,  and activation of nitric oxide synthase pathways, involve genes whose expression  is controlled by a family of transcription factors called Hypoxia Inducible Factors  (HIFs). Active HIF complexes are primarily down-regulated by posttranscriptional  degradation of the alpha subunit, Hypoxia Inducible Factor -1 alpha (HIF-1),  under normoxic conditions. This study investigates the possibility that relaxin  enhances natural cellular defences during ischemia by stimulating the expression  of HIF- 1 or by suppressing its posttranscriptional degradation. An organotypic  neonatal rat brain culture system was used. Cultured slices were divided into four  treatment groups: relaxin treatment under normoxia, relaxin treatment under  ischemia, no relaxin treatment under ischemia and no relaxin treatment under  normoxia. Brain tissue from each treatment group was paraffin-embedded and  immunostained for HIF-1. Qualitative analysis revealed clear and consistent  immunopositive staining for HIF-1 in slices exposed to ischemic conditions as  expected. There was no obvious increase in HIF-1 immunoactivity between the  relaxin-treated and untreated ischemic groups to suggest that relaxin stimulates  HIF-1 expression during ischemia. However, HIF-1 was expressed in relaxin  treated slices not exposed to ischemia which suggests that relaxin may induce  HIF-1 expression through a non-hypoxic related pathway. Further investigation  is needed to better quantify and analyse these findings.

abstract: Biology


title: Face & finger

contributor: (Wyile, Andrea Schwenke) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Face and Finger is a novella eight chapters in length. The story addresses the themes of desperation, community and brotherhood as it follows the lives of two misfit pig farmers, Face and Finger. These half-brothers, though united by their struggle to deal with labels and the condemnation of their home community, are also split by their alternate ideas of how to cope with being regional pariahs. One brother, Face, struggles fruitlessly with escape, devotion and madness, while the other, Finger, is torn between his loyalty to his brother and his dream of acceptance. The dynamic becomes even more dangerous when Neil, a childhood friend of theirs, attempts to deal with his own community fostered feelings of emasculation. Suddenly wrapped up in a spiraling descent from violence to murder, Neil and Finger must confront their own fears and resist their mounting feelings of helplessness before Face’s pursuit consumes them all in a hellish blaze.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Factors influencing phonological activation during a semantic categorization task: Evidence from event-related brain potentials

contributor:
Cramm, Erin E. (author)
(Newman, Randy Lynn) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to examine phonology‟s role in activating word meanings when participants (N=18) decided if a stimulus was a member of a category (NATURAL/MANMADE). Low or high frequency (LF/HF) exemplars (e.g., toad) were replaced on some trials by pseudohomophones (e.g., tode) or spelling controls (e.g., tord). Behavioural results showed the expected pseudohomophone effect; however, ERPs suggested that participants relied on orthography insofar as the N400, a response associated with violations in meaning, was equivalent in amplitude for pseudohomophones and controls. Analysis of a later ERP, the P600, also provided evidence in favour of orthography. However, when the N400 was analyzed separately for the two frequency groups, a trend towards a phonological effect emerged for the LF group. Results suggest that skilled readers activate word meanings using orthography, but that reliance on orthography is not as efficient when reading LF words, perhaps necessitating phonological activation

abstract: Psychology


title: Political education in Nova Scotia high schools

contributor:
Foster, Emily N. (author)
(Stewart, Ian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: With voter turnouts at an all time low, and levels of social capital in decline, Canadian democracy may be in jeopardy. Focussing on Nova Scotia high schools, this thesis explores the existing literature surrounding the topic of political education, the current state of political education in high schools, as well as how realistic the implementation of mandatory political education would be. Ultimately, this thesis argues that Nova Scotia should implement mandatory courses in political education.

abstract: Politics


title: Thermotolerance of Enterobacter sakazakii: An important factor for safe consumer practices in the reconstitution of powdered infant formula

contributor:
Johnston, Adam P. (author)
(Bell, Colin) (Thesis advisor)
(Ells, Tim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Enterobacter sakazakii has been identified as the causative agent in cases of neonatal  enterocolitis, meningitis, and septicaemia following consumption of contaminated infant  formula. Post‐pasteurization contamination has been identified as the causative agent  leading to contamination (Nazarowec‐White and Farber, 1997); therefore, safe  consumer reconstitution practices are vital. In this study, the thermal inactivation  kinetics were determined for mild heat treatments in 0.1% peptone water (P.W.) and  reconstituted powdered infant formula (PIF) for E. sakazakii strain CHPL 88 at 52, 56,  and 60 °C. Cellular inactivation did not follow first order log linear kinetics and was  subsequently modelled using the GIna‐FIT add‐in software for Microsoft Excel® (1997‐  2003). Inactivation parameters were calculated using the Geeraerd et al., (2000)  shoulder model. Substantial differences in 4D reduction times, lag periods, and  maximum inactivation rates (Kmax values), were observed between mild heat treatments  in 0.1% P.W. and reconstituted PIF. Fifty‐nine E. sakazakii isolates were heat treated in  0.1% P.W. at 52 and 60°C in reference to four decimal (4D) reduction times for CHPL 88,  results indicated widespread variability in the level of heat tolerance among strains with  no apparent relationship pertaining to source of isolate. The results of this study may be  used in determining safe heating regimes during preparation of reconstituted PIF in  order to avoid risk of infection.

abstract: Biology


title: Ecosystem services in the Wolfville Watershed Nature Preserve: Linking human well-being to nature in support of conservation

contributor:
McIntyre, E. Claire (author)
(Lusby, Linda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: The concept of ecosystem services offers an important opportunity to reframe the “value”  of biodiversity and natural resources. Our western economic system has tended to consider  nature and ecosystem components as “externalities” and this in turn has led to the undervaluing  or non-valuing of ecosystem services which are life-supporting necessities for humans and other  organisms. This current research began with the hypothesis that a nature preserve could be more  accurately described and its value defined as a bank for ecosystem services. The United Nations  Environment Programme’s Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) provided the framework  for assessment of a forested watershed landscape near the town of Wolfville, Nova Scotia. A  qualitative assessment of the Wolfville Watershed Nature Preserve (protected through a joint  venture of the Town of Wolfville and the Nova Scotia Nature Trust) revealed a multitude of  environmental services that are being provided to the surrounding human and non-human  community. Many of these services would be degraded or severely reduced if the conservation  easement on the property was not protecting the site from development. A preliminary  assessment of the site as a carbon sink was conducted as part of the study and these quantitative  data revealed that the property provides an important service in just this one factor alone. The  results of this study indicate that there is potential to use this method of environmental  assessment in other situations to support conservation and land protection. Although the concept  is not without its definitional and procedural difficulties, the use of the ecosystem services  framework permits us to more accurately present the value of nature. This in turn could be of  great use for agencies seeking to protect land from development.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Blend processing in male tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens

contributor:
Landry, Kathryn M. (author)
(Hillier, Kirk) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: In recent years, research into the neurophysiology of insect olfaction has shown that male Heliothis virescens possess olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that arborize to interneurons in two separate locations in the brain: the medial region of the antennal lobe, which contains neurons tuned to host-plant volatiles, and a specialized sexually dimorphic region located at the base of the antennal nerve called the macroglomerular complex (MGC), which contains neurons tuned to pheromones. However, little is known about these interneurons‟ reactions to blends comprised of host-plant volatiles and pheromones. The objective of this study was to analyze the responses elicited by interneurons in both the medial region and MGC in the antennal lobes of H. virescens males when stimulated with blends of various host-plant volatiles and pheromones. Extracellular sharp-glass electrode recording from within the brain of male moths suggests that such blends primarily cause inhibition in neurons within the isomorphic glomeruli, but also that blend stimulation may evoke synergistic responses. In addition, the pheromone and host-plant odours independently demonstrated inhibitory effects. This study suggests that odour processing of blends is configural and that communication within the antennal lobe is global. In addition, this project will provide a standard for the detection of elicited responses and allow future research using the equipment and techniques developed in this project.

abstract: Biology


title: An investigation of trace metal speciation of natural waters using a novel in situ sampling device

contributor:
Sheehan, Katelyn (author)
(Murimboh, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: An improved in situ passive sampling device was developed for studying trace metal speciation in the aquatic environment. Unique features of this research were i) the use of a range of diffusive layer thicknesses to study lability of trace metal species (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) combined with ii) kinetic speciation by a competing ligand exchange method (CLEM) using Chelex 100, the same chelating resin that is used in the in situ sampling devices, thereby allowing effects of the competing ligand to be separated from the effects introduced by the in situ sampling devices. In situ sampling techniques, such as Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT), provide a means of assessing the labile metal concentration in natural waters, allowing for a more accurate assessment of metal bioavailability. Several problems inherent to the design of DGTs have prompted the development of novel in situ sampling devices; the focus of this research is to test a newly developed in situ sampler prototype and compare its effectiveness to DGT and kinetic speciation (CLEM) results. The results obtained by DGT, EmporeTM devices, and CLEM were found to be operationally defined by i) the experimental timescale, ii) the binding phase, and iii) the metal-to-ligand ratio. CLEM was able to accurately predict the relative lability of metals in various metal-to-ligand ratios; however, the lack of a preconcentration step limits its utility to polluted waters. By contrast, preconcentration of metals in the receiving phase during deployment of the in situ passive sampling devices allowed metals in ultra-trace level waters to be measured.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Exact: A queryable XML compressor

contributor:
Fry, Christopher W. J. (author)
(Muldner, Tomasz) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a popular language for storing data and  accessing data. Unfortunately, it includes a large amount of redundant information.  Specialized XML compressors can compress this redundant data better than general  purpose compressors. This thesis presents Exact, a novel technique for compressing and  decompressing XML documents, as well as querying a compressed XML document in  such a way that the entire document does not need to be decompressed. Exact uses the  grammar of an XML document - when it is available and otherwise creates and stores  similar information during the compression phase - to provide better compression. Exact  gives the user the choice of getting a better compression rate or faster compression.

abstract: Computer Science


title: TEM characterization of MnSi layers grown on Si [111] substrates

contributor:
Raffel, Krista Anne (author)
(Robertson, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: MnSi is a weak itinerant-electron helical magnet that becomes magnetically ordered  below a Curie temperature of 29:5 K and thin lms of this material exhibit magnetic  properties suitable for use in spintronic devices. The structure of MnSi thin lms  grown by solid phase epitaxy on Si(111) substrates was examined using TEM in  this thesis. In particular the eect of growth conditions on MnSi layer properties  was investigated. Growth parameters examined in this work were: annealing time,  deposited Mn layer thickness, and silicon capping layer thickness. When all other  growth conditions were kept constant, annealing time was found to in  uence the phase  of the MnSi. Monocrystalline MnSi occurred in all annealed samples of the annealing-  time study, while polycrystalline MnSi occurred only in the longest-annealed sample.  With all other growth conditions held constant, a thicker amorphous silicon capping  layer was found to increase in-plane strain of monocrystalline MnSi on a crystalline  silicon substrate. Capping layer thickness did not in  uence distribution of MnSi  in the samples while the deposited Mn layer thickness aected both the phase and  distribution of MnSi. Sample growth conditions were found to have a signicant  impact on the phase and distribution of MnSi.

abstract: Physics