identifier: Hayward, Mark <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hayward=3AMark=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Improving evaluation of the CanMEDS collaborator role: reliability of the Interprofessional Collaborator Assessment Rubric (ICAR) and gender bias in multi-source feedback.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Since the inception of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC)
CanMEDS framework, there has been inequality between the assessment of the Medical
Expert role and the six non-Medical Expert roles. The purpose of the study was to
evaluate the reliability of the use of the Interprofessional Collaborator Assessment Rubric
(ICAR) in a multi-source feedback (MSF) approach for assessing post-graduate medical
residents’ CanMEDS Collaborator competencies. A secondary investigation attempted to
determine whether characteristics of raters (i.e., experience, gender, or frequency of
interaction with resident) had any influence on overall ICAR score. The ICAR is a 17-
item (and global score) assessment tool utilizing a 9-point scale and two open-text
responses. The study involved medical residents receiving ICAR assessments from three
(3) rater groups (physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals) over a single fourweek
rotation. Residents were recruited from four (4) unique medical disciplines. Of
those participating residents, sixteen (16) residents were randomly chosen. Six (6) of
those received at least two (2) assessments from each rater group and were included in the
analysis. All nurses and allied health professionals in participating medical / surgical
units were invited to participate and were excluded from analysis if they were absent for
at least one week of normal shift work or explicitly stated they did not interact with
resident. Physicians were self-appointed by the residents. Statistical analysis utilized
Cronbach’s alpha, compared overall ICAR scores using one-way and two-way, repeated measures ANOVA, and logistic regression. Missing data using a single imputation
stochastic regression method and was compared to the missing data from a pilot study
using pair-sample t-test. Results revealed a high response rate (76.2%) with a statistically
significant difference between the gender distributions in each rater group, male
physicians (81.8%), female nurses (92.5%), and female allied health professionals
(88.4%), p < .001. Missing data decreased from 13.1% using daily assessments to 8.8%
utilizing an MSF process, p = .032. An overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of α = .981
revealed high internal consistency reliability. Each ICAR domain also demonstrated high
internal consistency, ranging between .881 - .963. The profession of the rater yielded no
significant effect with a very small effect size (F₂,₅ = 1.225, p = .297, η² = .016). The only
significant, main-effect on overall ICAR score was found to the gender of the rater (F₁,₅ =
7.184, p = .008, η² = .045). Female raters scored residents significantly lower than male
raters (6.12 v. 6.82). Logistic regression analysis revealed that male raters were 3.08
times more likely than female raters to provide an overall ICAR score of above 6.0 (p =
.013) and 3.28 times more likely to score above 7.0 (p = .005). A significant interaction
effect resulted from a two-way repeated measures ANOVA analysis involving the
frequency of interaction between raters and residents across items (F = 2.103, p = .025, η² = .014). The study findings suggest that the use of the modified ICAR form in a MSF
assessment process could be a feasible assessment approach to providing formative
feedback to post-graduate medical residents on Collaborator competencies.


identifier: Dalaptadu, Kosmapatabendige Pradeep Shiran <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dalaptadu=3AKosmapatabendige_Pradeep_Shiran=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Design of an event-based early warning system for process operations.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract:
This thesis proposes a new methodology to design an event-based warning system as an
alternative to the conventional variable-based alarm system.
This study initially explores the options for grouping process variables for alarm
allocation. Several grouping methods are discussed and an event-based grouping
procedure is detailed. Selection of the key variables for a group is performed considering
the information that the variables contain to distinguish between an abnormal and a
normal condition. The information theory is used to quantify the information content of a
variable about an event to select the key variables. The cross-correlation analysis between
pairs of key variables is used to identify the redundant variables. Simulation study using
the model of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is used to demonstrate the
methodology.
The proposed event-based early warning system utilizing online measurements is detailed
in the thesis. In this approach, warnings are assigned to plant abnormal events instead of
individual variables. To assess the likelihoods of undesirable events, the Bayesian
Network is used; the event likelihoods are estimated in real time utilizing online
measurements. Diagnostic analysis is conducted to identify root-causes of events. By
assigning warning to events, the methodology results in significantly lower number of
warnings compared to traditional variable-based warning (alarms) system. It also enables
early warning of a possible event along with an efficient diagnosis of the root-causes of
the event. Experimental testing using a level control system is presented to demonstrate
the efficacy of the proposed method. Simulation study using the model of a CSTR is also
presented to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm. Both, experimental and
simulation studies, have shown promising results.


identifier: Button, Pamela <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Button=3APamela=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Maladaptive coping strategies in health professional students dealing with stress.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis is comprised of two manuscripts exploring health professional student stress,
coping, and help-seeking behaviours in an Atlantic Canadian university, using a
sequential mixed methods design. The first manuscript examines students’ self-reported
levels of stress and use of coping strategies to manage their stress. In this study, 120
students (82 females, 38 males) enrolled in the second year of medical, nursing, and
pharmacy programs completed measures including the How I Deal With Stress survey,
Perceived Stress Scale, and the SCOFF. Students reported high levels of stress, with those
in nursing reporting significantly higher levels of stress than those in medicine, though
neither group differed significantly from those in pharmacy. Gender was also found to be
a significant contributor to student’s own reports of stress, with females reporting higher
levels of stress and a multiple regression analysis revealed that gender accounts for more
of the variance than any other factor on both measures of stress. On the HIDS, 2.5% of
students reported engaging in NSSI, below rates found in other research, while 85%
endorsed using eating as a coping strategy and 44% coped by trying to control their
weight. On the SCOFF, 17.5% of students were found to be at risk of having a
diagnosable eating disorder. An examination of other coping strategies revealed that 66%
of students have used alcohol as a means of coping with stress. The second manuscript is
a qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with ten students in which I explored the
students lived experiences of stress, coping, and views on help-seeking behaviours.
Thematic content analysis revealed that students identified their academic program as
their greatest source of stress, although financial concerns, personal relationships, health,
a lack of balance, professional socialization and living situations were also listed as stressors. Students indicated that they often sought social support, used exercise, staying
on top of work, prioritizing, and decreasing and setting realistic expectations as coping
strategies that worked for them. Other strategies discussed included eating pathology such
as restriction and emotionally driven eating, use of alcohol, lack of sleep, a history of selfinjurious
behaviours, smoking, and pushing beyond productivity. Students had varied
levels of awareness of the mental health services available on campus, and students cited
concerns around stigma, confidentiality, and conflict of interest as reasons for not seeking
help from the appropriate services provided. The role of a hidden curriculum and the
culture of health professional training programs are noted throughout the student
interviews providing interesting insight into what impacts student functioning and
identifying an important topic to be explored in future research.


identifier: Tebianian, Hamed <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Tebianian=3AHamed=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Dynamic State Estimation in Power Systems.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Research in the area of power system transient stability has recently focused on dynamic state estimation using high rate Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data. Several mathematical models for synchronous machine are developed and various estimation approaches are proposed for this purpose. In this thesis, the mathematical formulation of nonlinear state space modeling and the principles of Kalman Filter are explained. Extended and Unscented Kalman Filters (EKF and UKF), as two nonlinear estimation methods, are applied for state and parameter estimation in an induction motor. In the next stage, after presenting a thorough explanation about modeling of the synchronous machine, dynamic state estimation is applied on different power system case studies and the results of estimation methods are compared. The simulation results provided in this thesis show the great potential of the proposed estimation approaches for accurately estimating the states of the machine as well as reducing the effect of noise on input signals.


identifier: Gibson, Ryan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gibson=3ARyan=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Collaborative governance in rural regions: an examination of Ireland and Newfoundland and Labrador.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Rural communities, residents, and governments at all levels are considering new
forms of governance as a mechanism to assist in the revitalization and sustainability of
rural regions. This search for new forms of governance is partly fueled by frustrations of
residents in rural regions at the lack of central governments’ abilities to respond to
regional priorities, challenges, and opportunities. Recognizing this frustration, this
dissertation responds to two calls for ‘calls to arms’ for research on rural governance.
In the early 2000s Reimer suggested governance was a revolution being missed,
leading to lack of understanding of the phenomenon. He suggests additional research is
required on this phenomenon in Canada. Further, in the mid 2000s Ansell and Gash
encouraged researchers to test their collaborative governance model. This model was
constructed from a synthesis of over 100 cases of governance and was designed to
advance empirical data collection on collaborative governance. In responding to these
calls, this initiative examines the collaborative governance model in two regions: the
South Kerry area of Ireland and the Northern Peninsula region of Newfoundland.
This dissertation addresses four research questions through an international case
study approach: (i) is the collaborative governance model, proposed by Ansell and Gash
(2007), appropriate for understanding rural regional governance?; (ii) how do individuals,
community-based organizations, and other key stakeholders influence the rural regional
governance process or processes?; (iii) how do regional boundaries influence the
formation and operation of rural regional governance models?; and (iv) what is the
relationship between government(s) and regional governance initiatives?
The two governance initiatives convey much of Ansell and Gash’s collaborative
governance model components. The examination of the two cases suggests four additions
to strengthen the collaborative governance model: definition of region, introduction of
differentiating multi-level actors, recognition of power-resource-knowledge a/symmetries
in the collaborative process component, and the addition of explicit need for power
and/or responsibility sharing.
This dissertation advances academic knowledge on collaborative governance and
rural regional development. The findings emerging from this dissertation hold relevance
to academia, policy, and local/regional development practice.


identifier: Chubb, Laura Ann <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chubb=3ALaura_Ann=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Negotiating disease perceptions: experiences of eight HIV-positive women in Mombasa, Kenya.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Background: Despite the large amount of existing research focused on what individuals
know about HIV and AIDS, few studies explore how women living with the disease
acquire and interpret information about it. This study attempted to gain such knowledge
about a small group of HIV-positive women through a lens of social constructionism, a
theory stating that how an individual comes to know, is socially constructed through their
interactions and interpretation/experience of those interactions. I used this theory to
inform how multiple influences in the social environment generate ideas in communities
about HIV-positive people and the disease.
Methods: I collected qualitative data from a sample of eight HIV-positive women aged
20−25 living in Mombasa, Kenya. Combining both narrative inquiry and photo-voice
methodologies, I used semi-structured interviews to solicit information about the
women’s experiences, including their reactions to discovering their status and the
perceived differences between their lives pre-and post-diagnosis. I also gave each woman
a blank journal and camera, with which she had a month-long period to take and describe
photographs illustrating what HIV and AIDS looks like in her life. I, along with two
translators, when necessary, transcribed the data from both the interviews and photojournals.
They translated data verbatim, first in Kiswahili, when necessary, and then
English. I made regular field notes and kept a personal journal to delve further into the
reflexive process. I used thematic analysis to analyze the interviews, as well as the
captions and free writing in the women’s journals. I also used visual analysis to analyze
the photographs for content, temporality, and meaning. The amalgamation of these methods provided a rich description of eight HIV-positive shared and differing
experiences in negotiating new identities as people living with the disease.
Results: These women’s identities have been shaped by their interactions and
experiences of living with and learning about HIV and AIDS. Participants’ self-images
did not always match others’ perceptions of HIV-positive people. However, the
participants’ related similar experiences in having to cope with externalized and
internalized manifestations of stigma related to AIDS. These negotiations determined
whether the women chose to share or bear alone the burdens associated with the disease.
Conclusion: Future research should capture the experiences of more individuals with a
focus on how they form perceptions about themselves and the disease. Further
understanding of this perception-forming process might help in the design of programs
that address the sensitive discussions around sex, disease, and exclusion practices
necessary to understand this chronic illness. Future research looking at individual
experiences with HIV or AIDS could also help stakeholders learn how to create spaces
for grassroots organizations working with community members to deliver culturallyappropriate
education in communities vulnerable to infection. Such spaces could
potentially allow individuals living with HIV to feel supported rather than morally
stigmatized for their status. However, this study is only a first building block on the road
to such programmatic goals. Given the small scale of this study more research is
necessary to determine how broadly the lessons learned from these women’s experiences
might be applied and used effectively in program development.


identifier: Feng, Jinghan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Feng=3AJinghan=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Molecular tailoring and engineering of polymer-based materials for marine corrosion and metal ion detection applications.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Corrosion is a long-lasting and challenging issue to modern industrial activities,
especially to marine and offshore industries. In fact, the costs related to corrosion and
corrosion prevention is a significant part of the gross national product in the world.
Due to the increasing demand for marine transportation and oil and gas exploitation,
solving the technological difficulties relevant to corrosion protection is absolutely
essential. Epoxy resins have become one of the most widely used polymers in coating
applications. However, common epoxy resins show undesirable water moisture affinity,
which may lower their performance as anticorrosion coatings. Therefore, a series of
polysiloxane derivatives have been synthesized and blended with epoxy resins as
additives. The resulting material has been investigated by various chemical
characterizations and numerical simulation of the cathodic protection system, called
BEASY. As a result, various analyses confirmed that the performance of epoxy resin
coatings in terms of corrosion protection was greatly enhanced.


identifier: Hamilton, Stefan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hamilton=3AStefan=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Real-life drug survival of tumour necrosis factor-α antagonists in inflammatory arthritis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Introduction: Inflammatory arthritis is a spectrum of diseases arising from immune dysregulation in the body causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and tenderness in the joints. In severe cases, it can lead to permanent joint damage and even total joint destruction. Due to incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis, management has classically been directed at relieving symptoms in the short term, with little to no treatment capable of stemming the long-term progression of joint damage. Recently, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonists (or simply, “anti-TNFs”) have revolutionized inflammatory arthritis treatment because of their ability to act on the molecules driving joint inflammation. As a result, most inflammatory arthritis patients treated with these agents have significant reductions in disease activity. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been instrumental in demonstrating this effect, observational studies on the effectiveness and sustainability of anti-TNFs have been lacking. Such studies add value by ascertaining the long-term effects of an intervention in a highly generalizable population; in short, they are better at revealing real-life conditions.
Objectives: The two main objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of a first course of anti-TNF therapy in three common forms of inflammatory arthritis [rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS)], and to compare the first-course efficacy of three widely used anti-TNFs (infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab) within each of RA, PsA, and AS. Secondary objectives were to compare the efficacy of first and second courses of anti-TNF therapy in inflammatory arthritis patients overall, and to compare the efficacy of a second course of anti-TNF therapy by indication (RA, PsA, and AS) and by anti-TNF type (infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab).
Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort study design. Efficacy was measured in all cases using the proven surrogate outcome of drug survival. Crude anti-TNF survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves with log rank testing, and anti-TNF survival adjusted for several potential confounders was compared using Cox regression with hazard ratios (HRs) for treatment termination. First and second course anti-TNF survival was compared using a paired samples t-test.
Results: 332 patients were eligible for the first-course analysis (114 RA patients, 58 PsA patients, and 160 AS patients). Crude first-course anti-TNF survival was significantly greater in AS patients compared to RA (p = 0.028) or PsA (p = 0.045) patients. However, no significant differences were found between RA, PsA, and AS in the adjusted Cox regression. Both crude and adjusted first-course drug survival was greater in RA patients taking adalimumab vs. etanercept {p = 0.010 and HR = 0.34 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-0.80]}. Male AS patients had superior first-course anti-TNF survival than did female AS patients [HR = 0.51 (95% CI 0.27-0.95)]. 98 patients were eligible for the second-course analysis. There was no significant difference in drug survival between first and second courses of anti-TNF therapy (p = 0.443). Both crude and adjusted second-course drug survival was greater in PsA patients than in RA patients [p = 0.029 and HR = 0.42 (95% CI 0.19-0.93)].
Conclusions: This study helps to validate two key findings observed in previous studies. These are the superior first-course anti-TNF survival in AS vs. PsA and RA patients and the superior first-course anti-TNF survival in male vs. female AS patients. However, it produced few significant findings which is most likely attributable to inadequate sample sizes. The greatest value of this study is in the novel questions it asked, such that the trends and findings identified here might be useful for generating hypotheses for future, sufficiently powered studies.


identifier: Pai, Shweta Suresh <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pai=3AShweta_Suresh=3A=3A.html>   (2014) A survey assessing current benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and factors influencing benzodiazepine prescribing by Newfoundland and Labrador physicians.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The Health Transition Fund report (Kennedy & Goyer, 2002) indicated that prescribing
practices for benzodiazepines (BZDs) are frequently inappropriate, but more difficult to
influence than others. The inappropriate benzodiazepine (BZD) prescriptions and the
inability to influence prescription behavior through educational means provides
justification for further study to understand the underlying factors associated with
prescriptions. A survey of physicians can help objectify the variable(s) that play role(s) in
the prescription of BZDs. For this thesis, a self-administered cross-sectional survey was
conducted among the physicians in Newfoundland and Labrador in 2007 to assess the
prescribing patterns of BZDs and variables influencing them. Response rate was 30.68%
(n= 297) of which 78.48% (n = 233) prescribed BZDs. The BZD prescribing patterns and
factors affecting them were significantly influenced by demographic variables of the
respondents; these findings may be used to develop physician education tools that may
help to optimize the BZD prescribing patterns.


identifier: Cai, Qinhong <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cai=3AQinhong=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Screening and characterization of biosurfactant producers from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated marine sources in North Atlantic Canada for oil spill responses.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
As one of the oil spill responses, oil dispersion was found effective in open sea
and under harsh conditions. However, currently used chemical surfactant-based
dispersants may harm the environment due to the toxicity and persistency. Thus novel,
environmentally friendly biosurfactant-based dispersants are desired.
Biosurfactants are less toxic, biodegradable, and can be biologically produced.
Their establishment is impeded by a lack of economic and versatile products.
Discovery of new biosurfactant producers is the key to overcome the obstacles. This
dissertation will thus fill the research gap through screening and characterization of
biosurfactant producing microorganisms from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated
marine sources in the North Atlantic Canada. Fifty-five biosurfactant producers
belong to 8 genera were isolated. Some of the isolated strains were found with
properties such as greatly reducing surface tension, stabilizing emulsion and
producing flocculant. Three strains with interesting characteristics and limited
relevant publications were selected for genetype and phenotype characterization. The
strains, the products and the bioprocess can be of great value to both scientific
understanding and the environmental applications in offshore oil spill responses.


identifier: Howard, Joshua <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Howard=3AJoshua=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Trunk extensor fatigue decreases jump height similarly under stable and unstable conditions with experienced jumpers.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.


identifier: Wilson, Nicole <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wilson=3ANicole=3A=3A.html>   (2014) "The comfort to be me": home and housing struggles in St. John's.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis was completed as part of a Master’s program in Anthropology and
examines individuals’ experiences with housing struggles, home, and homelessness in
St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Three main topics are explored within
this thesis: the participants’ experiences with finding and keeping housing; what home
and homeless meant to the participants; and lastly, how the term homeless as a term does
not adequately describe real life experiences. I propose that we replace the terms
homeless and homelessness with a spectrum and instead use the phrases sleeping rough,
temporary institutional housing, precarious housing, and bereft-of-home to discuss the
range of housing issues and the emotional turmoil that comes with such struggles.


identifier: Sathyanarayanan, Sridhar <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sathyanarayanan=3ASridhar=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Improvements in design and fitness evaluation of above ground steel storage tanks.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Above ground steel storage tanks are widely used to store liquids in a variety of industries. The design and fitness for service procedures for such tanks are a concern for international standards and need to be continually improved upon to ensure better safety and serviceability. Several important aspects about tank design and assessment are studied in this thesis.
The bottom plate material near the shell to bottom joint in the tank is generally in plastic range. It is a critical failure point in many modes of tank failure. The effect of increasing the bottom plate projection length at this joint for tanks with rigid ring wall foundations is studied both theoretically and numerically. A theoretical beam model is validated using finite element analysis (FEA) and extended to determine the length of bottom plate projection needed for maximum effect. The formation of plastic hinges in the bottom plate on the inside and outside of this joint is discussed in detail using FEA.
Tanks operating at elevated temperatures (200ﾟF to 500ﾟF) need to consider additional stresses due to thermal expansions and restraints from the tank shell and bottom plate interactions. The frictional forces from the foundation cause significant stresses at the tank bottom. The design guidelines by API 650 standard address this issue using a factor named ‘C’ that defines the ratio of actual expansion against free expansion of the tank bottom. At present, an empirical range of ‘C’ values (0.25 – 1.0) is allowed without clear guidelines for selecting a suitable value. This thesis evaluates the current procedure and suggests an alternate method by incorporating the friction coefficient directly in the stress equations, instead of the C-factor. The fill/draw down cycle of the
stored liquid could lead to low cycle fatigue near shell to bottom joint. The peak
alternating stress (strain) at this location determines the fatigue life of the tank. The
widely used API 650 procedure employs beam on elastic foundation theory to determine
the fatigue life for all tanks. The thesis shows that this is incorrect for tanks on concrete
ring wall. The appropriateness of using this theory is studied and an alternative beam
model is proposed. It is verified using FEA.
Damage due to corrosion in the form of local thin area (LTA) is a widespread
problem in storage tanks. Fitness for service (FFS) methods are quantitative engineering
evaluations used to demonstrate the structural integrity of an in-service tank containing
damage like LTA and make run, repair or replace decisions. The mα-tangent method is a
simplified limit load procedure that can be used for such FFS evaluations. This thesis
uses a modified reference volume for mα-tangent method applied to tanks and reports
initial results for FFS evaluations. The study also finds that for large cylinders like tanks
with very high R/t ratio, the circumferential decay lengths will be smaller than those
previously reported ( 2.5 Rt rather than 6.3 Rt ).


identifier: Winkowski, John James <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Winkowski=3AJohn_James=3A=3A.html>   (2014) The influence of structural complexity on phenotypic development and post-release performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The environment can play an integral role on phenotypic development of an
organism. In this thesis, I experimentally tested the influence of structural complexity on
phenotypic development and post-release performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon
(Salmo salar) when released into semi-natural and natural environments. From an applied
perspective, I was interested in investigating alternative rearing strategies of juvenile
Salmo salar with the goal of enhancing performance of fish when released into nature.
In my first data chapter, I conducted an experiment to test the influence of
environmental enrichment during incubation (i.e. addition of gravel to create a “complex”
environment) on the phenotype and performance of juvenile salmon in a semi-natural
environment. At the culmination of endogenous feeding (i.e. “emergence”), fish that
incubated in a complex environment were heavier, in better body condition, fed more on
novel prey, and took longer to reappear from a shelter after a simulated predator attack. In
addition, when transferred from incubation environments to semi-natural stream channels,
fish originating from the complex incubation environment expressed enhanced growth
and survival. These findings suggest that Salmo salar are plastic to environmental factors
during incubation and developmental differences could be contributing to performance in
semi-natural stream channels. There were, however, no commensurate differences in
brain volume with those observed in behaviour and performance, which may suggest that
other developmental processes in the brain of juvenile Atlantic salmon are occurring that
are not reflected in overall brain volume.
In my second data chapter, I reared the fish from the preceding incubation study
for 60 days after emergence in tanks with (“complex”) or without cobble substrate
(“simple”). I used a reciprocal approach to rearing and moved fish between complex and
simple environments for two 30-day rearing periods to investigate if timing or duration of
timing of exposure to habitat complexity influenced growth and condition in the hatchery
and subsequent survival in semi-natural and wild environments. I found that fish reared in
complex tanks exhibited higher body condition (i.e. heavier for a given length) for the
first 30 days, however, differences generally faded during the second 30 days of hatchery
rearing. Additionally, I observed rearing groups with smaller fish, on average, at release
expressed higher growth rates in semi-natural stream channels and in the wild, such that
sizes and conditions did not differ among groups at final recapture. Estimated survival
after release into the wild (over ca. 260 days) was higher for fish incubated in a complex
environment and reared in a simple environment for consecutive 30 d rearing periods
(Complex>Simple>Simple, or “CSS”) and those in SCC treatment than fish from 3 of the
7 other groups (CCC, CSC, SSC). There were no other differences in survival between
treatment groups. Survival in the semi-natural stream channels was high (> 85%) and I
did not detect differences between groups.
The results presented in this thesis suggest that phenotypic traits of juvenile
Atlantic salmon are sensitive to environmental factors early in development. Enriched
environments containing gravel and cobble may serve to provide cover for juvenile fish
during early life, allowing them to rest, hide from predators, metabolize, and allocate
energy towards somatic growth and development. Such enrichment can provide fish an
advantage when released into the wild, though effects may be complicated. As a rearing strategy for the release of salmon into nature to re-establish depleted populations,
modifications are likely needed to simplify maintenance of rearing tanks, however this
study serves as a benchmark for future efforts at alternative rearing techniques for
enhancing performance of released juvenile Salmo salar in nature.


identifier: Antal, Zoltán <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Antal=3AZolta==0301n=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Molecular fragment and substituent effect studies of styrene derivatives by electron density shape analysis.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The research work leading to the content of this thesis and to the related publications represents a novel way to analyze and characterize some aspects of the most fundamental interactions within molecules, namely through-space and through-bond interactions, which are also relevant to substituent effects. The approach and the results give quantum chemical justification for some components of the associated fundamental phenomena which are often difficult or even impossible to examine separately by experimental means. The results are obtained using well-established, thoroughly tested and verified methods of electron density shape analysis approaches, based on input electron densities obtained by various established quantum chemistry computational methods, such as Hartree-Fock, Density Functional, and Møller-Plesset methodologies. The shape analysis methods, applicable to both complete molecules and locally to molecular fragments such as functional groups, are based on two fundamental theorems of quantum chemistry: the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem and the Holographic Electron Density theorem. The first of these theorems establishes that the molecular electron density must contain all molecular properties, whereas the second of these theorems gives justification that even small molecular fragments, such as a vinyl group in our studies, can be used as a “fingerprint”, fully representing all the unique intramolecular interactions within each molecule. As a consequence of these theorems, the electron density shape analysis methods, when applied to the complete electron density cloud of a target molecule, or locally to that of a molecular fragment, yield shape information which can, in principle, give highly detailed theoretical information about all molecular properties, hence, providing a suitable basis for establishing correlations with experimentally available data about various measured chemical properties. In earlier studies, such shape analysis approaches have been used in various applied fields of chemistry, such as pharmacology and toxicology.
The present study describes the use of a series of small molecules, specifically, substituted styrenes for the analysis and shape correlations involving through-bond and through-space correlations. As a consequence of their specific structural features, the chosen molecules appear as ideal candidates to study both effects separately. In spite of their specificity, the results provide some general conclusions which are likely to contribute to a better understanding of far more complex phenomena, such as some of the components contributing to the complex folding pattern of globular proteins and more general interaction problems in the emerging field of molecular design. Even in these latter fields, these two types of interactions, through-space and through-bond, play significant roles as well. The presence of aromatic rings in these styrene derivatives is very useful as through-bond transmitting media whilst the distance between the studied molecular fragments obtained after removing the ring is also nearly optimal to be used in through-space interaction studies. The structural specificities of the model molecules have played an important role in all three publications constituting the main chapters of this thesis. Therefore, there is a strong emphasis on the effect transmitting capabilities of the aromatic ring in all 3 of these papers.


identifier: Simons, Dominique <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Simons=3ADominique=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Bermuda’s fishery past, present and future.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Bermuda is a key marine indicator located in a corner of the SargassoSea and in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the world’s most northern coral island, whose unique marine habitat, mild climate and depths of more than 12,000 feet have attracted visiting geologists like William Beebe, Otis Barton and pioneering environmentalist like Bermudian born LouisMowbray. Men like Beebe and Barton have made ground-breaking discoveries that show the need to protect our environment’s fragile coral reefs, marine ecosystem, endangered species and to maintain a healthy marine habitat (Jones, 2004).
Louis Mowbray returned to Bermuda from Europe in 1907 and was hired to help create and operate the Island’s first Aquarium and marine research center on Agar’s Island in Hamilton harbor.Years later after designing the Boston, New York and Miami aquariums, he returned to Bermuda in 1926, on an invitation from the Bermuda government, to design and curate the new Bermuda aquarium in Flatts. Major accomplishments by Mowbray include his participation in overseas expeditions to bring back many interesting species(Jones, 2004).
On June 6, 1930 William Beebe and Otis Barton left their Nonsuch Island headquarters to performed a test run of the ‘Bathysphere,’ an odd looking contraption, that made history in Bermuda’s waters, to record breaking ocean depths, which, until then had been strictly the realm of science fiction. Their unprecedented journey took them farther than any human being to a history making dive of 803 feet and on August 15, 1934, the pair reached a new record depth of 3,028 feet; winning themselves and Bermuda headlines around the world (Jones, 2004).
As a result, the Bermudian society has witnessed a renewed sense of accountability for the environment with government acting to prevent pollution, over fishing and damage to the islands fragile reef system of sea grass, mangroves, salt marshes, ponds, and various types of corals.The Department of Fisheries is a sub section of the Bermuda Department of Environment. Their role and responsibility is to control and monitor the marine environment, identify any threat to the ecosystem and to take steps to protect the surrounding marine environment, enforce rules and regulations on fishing methods and techniques, provide conservation plans; to sustain the food chain, and to provide citations for law breakers. Many species of fish are protected with quotas and restrictions by the Division of Fisheries, whose aim is to protect the shores and surrounding reefs from any threat including illegal overfishing, pollution and other marine life invading our shores. Today, the‘lionfish’ invasion is a topic of great concern, as this species has decimated marine life of the Caribbeanand now a major threat to our marine ecosystem (Bermuda Sun, 2012; 2013).
Year round participants and stakeholders, who frequent the surrounding waters, are commercial and local boaters, fishermen,swimmers, divers and the ferry operations. Bermuda is also a prime location for recreational fishing with the triple-crown fishing tournament held annually from July 4, to July 21. These participants are also stakeholders in the quest to maintain a healthy marine environment. These tournaments attract anglers from around the world and contribute millions of dollars to the Bermuda economy (Bermuda Sun, 2012; 2013).
Although the Department of Fisheries’role is expansive, with a vast territory to cover, the literature shows that current resources to perform and manage the job efficiently and effectively are inadequateor outdated. The literature also highlights critical areas in need of immediate attention.In particular, evidence for best practice, from sound scientific research is either currently unavailable or non-existent. However the overall need is change for strong leadership and management of future responsibility and accountability for the Division.
In conclusion, if Bermuda is to maintain a healthy, viable marine ecosystem and become a world leader by setting the stage for continuing global progress in marine conservation, there must be immediate steps to improve methods of managing its Division of Fisheries. The evidence from sound scientific research, must consider the past and the present,while embracing the latest technological advances in marine conservation to determine the right course of action for future.


identifier: Hayes, James <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hayes=3AJames=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Characterizing the endocrine, digestive and morphological adjustments of the intestine in response to food deprivation and torpor.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, is a marine teleost endemic to the cold waters of
the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. The cunner is non-migratory and is known for its
remarkable ability to endure the freezing winter months with little to no food. During this
period, the cunner seeks refuge in the same rocky shelters it inhabits during the summer
months and enters a torpid/dormant state. This response is characterized by a cessation of
feeding, sluggish movements and a lowering of metabolic rate. Such a response calls for
strict control of energy balance, and might use in part regulatory mechanisms present
within the gut. To evaluate the physiological strategies employed by the cunner’s
intestinal tract to withstand food deprivation, experimental fasting trials were conducted.
Cunner were sampled for their stomachless digestive tract after a four-week period of
acute food deprivation in July and August during their summer (active/feeding) state, and
during their natural overwinter fasting in March. Digestive enzyme activities were
assessed by biochemical assay. Specific activities for trypsin, alkaline phosphatase and
lipase were all reduced in both 4-week fasted and torpid fish, whereas aminopeptidase-N
was only lowered in 4-week fasted fish. Neither summer nor winter fasting caused
significant changes in the intestinal mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes, with the
exception of a decrease in aminopeptidase-N expression during torpor. Transcript
expression in the gastrointestinal tract was also quantified for four putative appetite
regulators. Orexin, the mechanistic target of rapamycin and cholecystokinin expressions
were all reduced in torpid cunner, but not in summer fasting whereas apelin expression
was reduced in summer fasting, but not in torpid fish. This work contributes to the overall
understanding of energy balance in fish and provides novel insights into the intestine’s
endocrine contribution to appetite regulation and digestive function in cunner during
natural fasting and acute food deprivation.


identifier: Zhang, Jiuchuan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Zhang=3AJiuchuan=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Modeling, design and simulation of a low cost supervisory controller for Ramea hybrid power system.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Conventional energy sources, such as coal and fossil oil, are considered the main source of air pollution, and it is desired to use clean energies sources such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal. One problem of using renewable energies is the fluctuation problem from the sources, therefore proper modeling and controlling for renewable systems is very challenging.
In this research, a low order dynamic model is developed for the Ramea hybrid power system. A detailed literature review showed that a number of researchers have used a similar approach to model and control hybrid power systems. System components are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink and represented by transfer functions and nonlinear functions for simplification purpose. Five case studies are developed based on the Matlab Simulink models. The system was simulated for five case studies, and system performance as well as transient response was analyzed. The control algorithm is based on the priority of the equipment in the system and its objective is to maximize use of renewable energy. The proposed control algorithm is deployed on a microcontroller PIC18F4550, and system outputs are represented by LEDs. Some system data is displayed on a GLCD and recorded on a microSDcard. Data can also be plotted and extracted to an excel file by running a simple MATLAB code.


identifier: Egli, Stefana Nicoleta <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Egli=3AStefana_Nicoleta=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Thin-film molecularly imprinted polymers for detection systems for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Thin-film molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are smart materials that selectively uptake specific compounds from complex matrices based on molecular recognition principles. These materials can be applied for monitoring of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water as an early indicator of oil spills. MIPs are sometimes prepared in presence of a template that resembles the analyte (not the actual analyte), also referred to as a pseudo-template, to avoid issues with template bleed and associated false-positive results. This thesis describes the first account of thin-film MIPs for light PAHs using toluene as a pseudo-template. The procedure is very simple, fast and uses low-tech equipment. Detection is carried out offline using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fluorescence. As the role of each component in the MIP is discussed and recognized, various compositions were tested for sensitivity and selectivity. Several types of MIPs using toluene and phenanthrene-d10 as pseudo-templates, and toluene as a pseudo-template and solvent (porogen) have been further characterized and validated. The composition has been optimized for each MIP; this involved experimental design at earlier stages. The selectivity and sensitivity of the various PAHs are discussed in terms of binding interactions, and the different chemistries of the targeted PAHs. Most characterization and validation tests were carried out in pure water; though high selectivity and remarkable sensitivity were determined in complex wastewater and seawater matrices with no prior sample treatment. Calibration was shown to be possible in seawater matrices such that the MIPs could readily be used for accurate quantification measurements of PAHs.
The thin-film MIP format has the potential for easy integration into a microfluidic device for on-site on-line monitoring. Such a device would be easily used even by an in-experienced operator. In preliminary work to fabricate such a device, prototyping work was carried out and included patterning channels and reservoir features in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using various soft lithography low-tech methods, and etching electrodes on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass slides to create electrode pads. This is necessary to induce current flow, which would ensure continuous sample exposure to the MIP surface, with separation by electrokinetic chromatography with spectroscopic detection or by mass spectrometry, e.g. electrospray ionization- or desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.


identifier: Morrison, Gillian L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Morrison=3AGillian_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2013) The anterior piriform cortex as a locus for early odor preference learning in rats.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Early odor preference learning in rats has been localized to the physiological
changes in the olfactory bulb. However, the role of the olfactory cortex (e.g. the piriform
cortex) was unexplored. In this work, my experiments support a critical role of the
piriform cortex in early odor preference learning. First, the anterior piriform cortex
(aPCX) is a critical component of early odor preference learning circuitry. Transiently
silencing cells using lidocaine or muscimol local infusions in the aPCX prevents odor
learning and recall. Second, acquisition of early odor preference learning in the aPCX is
dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation both in vivo and in
vitro. NMDARs are highly implicated in synaptic plasticity and critical in many forms of
associative learning. Pups are unable to learn following local infusion of D-amino-5-
phosphonopentanoate (D-APV) prior to odor conditioning. In vitro, D-APV prevents LTP
induction. Third, β-adrenoceptor activation in the aPCX is required and sufficient for
early odor preference learning. Stroking elicits natural norepinephrine release from the
locus coeruleus to the olfactory structures including PCX. Pups cannot learn following
propranolol infusions before odor conditioning. If stroking is replaced by isoproterenol
infusions in the aPCX during novel odor presentations, animals will learn to prefer that
odor. Fourth, odor plus stroking (OS⁺) training enhances phosphorylated cAMP response
element-binding protein (pCREB), a molecule highly implicated in intracellular
signalling pathways involved in learning, expression in the trained hemisphere. Finally, learning induces NMDAR subunit expression changes. At 3 hr following OS+ training,
there is a significant NR1 down-regulation and at 24 hr following OS⁺ training, NR1
displays a significant up-regulation from baseline expression levels.


identifier: Arevalo Aranda, Consuelo Berenice <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Arevalo_Aranda=3AConsuelo_Berenice=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Occupational risk model for offshore oil and gas operations.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The rapid expansion of the offshore oil and gas activities into deeper waters and harsher
environments has burden the industry with taking higher risks for developing fields. The
lessons learned from past major accidents have shaped the today’s health, safety and
operational requirements of the industry. Major efforts have been invested in
development of analytical approaches to address occupational accidents of catastrophic
proportions (high-severity, low-frequency). However, there is a lack of similar tools for
accidents characterized as low-severity, high-frequency, which impose similar risks.
To address this gap, the Attwood's reliability model (Attwood 2006) which was originally
developed for the quantification of occupational accidents in the oil and gas industry has
been revised and enhanced from a deterministic framework to a probabilistic approach.
In addition, Attwood's model was extended to be used as an occupational risk estimation
tool. The following important modifications were made: development of a probabilistic
approach and use of Monte Carlo simulation, development of appropriate model
calibration procedures, implementation of mathematical, computational codes and
statistical tools, modification of expert survey analysis and finally, risk estimation. The
final product is a useful tool for: prediction of occupational accidents likelihood on a
specific offshore platform, estimation of accident rate, allocator of resources to specific
key entities of the model to produce optimal safety results as well as occupational risk
estimator. At the end, recommendations are provided to further advance the state-of-theart.


identifier: Almudallal, Ahmad Mustafa <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Almudallal=3AAhmad_Mustafa=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Computer simulations of core-softened attractive disks: phase behaviour and inverse melting.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
We use several Monte Carlo computer (MC) simulation techniques to calculate the
phase diagram of a system of hard disks interacting through a discrete square-shoulder
square-well potential. The phase diagram shows the gas, liquid and five crystal phases,
and we find that all the melting lines are first-order phase transitions, despite the
system being two dimensional. The melting line of the square crystal exhibits a
temperature maximum, meaning that above a certain pressure P the density of liquid
becomes higher than that of a crystal. The same melting line also exhibits a pressure
maximum that implies inverse melting, meaning that at constant pressure the liquid
crystallizes by heating.
To increase the range of pressure over which inverse melting occurs, we vary the
potential parameters systematically and determine that the extent of the shoulder is
the parameter that has the greatest impact. We calculate the new melting curve for
the new potential parameter set, and we check the accuracy of the calculations by
several methods including the calculation of the Gibbs free energy as a function of
density at conditions of constant P and temperature T. The melting transition is first
order and to a liquid rather than to a hexatic or to a quasicrystal.
Finally, we perform MC simulations at constant P, T and number of particles
N, to study the high pressure phase behaviour of a model with parameters that
produce pronounced inverse melting. We detect three fascinating behaviours. First, the high pressure triple point present in the original model disappears, leaving behind
a “liquid corridor” in the phase diagram for which the liquid appears to retain its
position as the thermodynamically stable phase down to low temperature. However
we find a new crystal that likely usurps the liquid as the stable phase. Second, we find
a particular state point, which we name the “funny point”, at which the free energy
barrier between the liquid and the high density triangular crystal vanishes along their
coexistence line. Although the explanation of this funny point remains a mystery, it
appears to be connected to the third discovery: a transition between low and high
temperature forms of the high density triangular crystal.
The potential studied in this thesis was previously developed to help understand
anomalous behaviour in systems such as water and liquid metals. Moreover similar
potentials have been used to model lipids interacting within bilayer membranes. Thus,
it is possible that some of the phenomenology we observe for the model is relevant in
these or related real systems.


identifier: Baillon, Sandrine <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Baillon=3ASandrine=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Characterization and role of major deep-sea pennatulacean corals in the bathyal zone of Eastern Canada.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Pennatulaceans (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea), commonly called sea pens, are colonial corals that typically anchor themselves into soft sediment (mud, sand), allowing them to colonize large areas of the sea floor from the intertidal zone down to the abyssal plain. Sea pens can occur sparsely or form large aggregations, suggesting that they may provide an important structural habitat to other organisms by increasing the complexity of the muddy seabed. The investigation of the three most common sea pens (Anthoptilum grandiflorum, Halipteris finmarchica and Pennatula aculeata) of the continental slope of Newfoundland and Labrador (Northwest Atlantic) showed different morphologies and adaptations to environmental parameters. Variations in their morphology were visible along bathymetric and latitudinal gradients, following food availability. This study identified different feeding strategies according to stable isotope signatures and macromorphologies (polyp diameter, colony length, shape). Different defense strategies were also identified based on the presence and localisation of sclerites in the tissues. Reproductive strategies were determined for A. grandiflorum and H. finmarchica, with both species presenting a seasonal spawning between April (Southern Newfoundland) and July/August (Labrador). The latitudinal shift in spawning followed the development of the surface phytoplankton bloom (i.e. sinking of phytodetritus). Low fecundity at the polyp level (13 and 6 oocytes polyp-1, respectively) yielded similar whole-colony fecundity in the two species (500-6000 oocytes colony-1). The measure of fecundity is discussed to highlight the importance of standardizing metrics (mature oocyte just before spawning) to avoid an overestimation of the fecundity and to allow comparison among species. Only ~20% of the oocyte matured in both species. The remaining oocytes in A. grandiflorum disappeared, indicating that oogenesis develops and culminates over 12 months. In H. finmarchica the persistence of the small oocytes indicates protracted oogenesis (>12 months). Finally, an analysis of the associated biodiversity showed that sea pens have relatively few associates but that they play an important role in their life history. Some associates are obligate (e.g. parasitic copepods) and others facultative symbionts (the sea anemone Stephanauge nexilis). The seasonal (April-May) presence of fish larvae (Sebastes spp.) and shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis, Pasiphae multidentata and Acanthephyra pelagica) emphasize the role of sea pens as nursery habitat, and provides an argument to recognize them as an essential fish habitat.


identifier: Copithorne, David <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Copithorne=3ADavid=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Premovement excitability changes of the corticospinal tract are not dependent on the forthcoming task but due to a general excitation of the motor system.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Premovement excitability changes of the human corticospinal tract have focused mainly on isometric contractions. Little is known about the corticospinal changes prior to a rhythmic and alternating contraction, such as cycling, and whether the modulation of excitability is different from an isometric contraction. Studies using a decerebrate cat model have shown that excitability of the spinal motoneurone is modulated very differently prior to a rhythmic and alternating movement when compared to an isometric contraction. The current study was designed to assess corticospinal excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation and spinal motoneurone excitability using transmastoid electrical stimulation, prior to arm cycling and an intensity-matched isometric contraction. Using these techniques we sought to determine whether a difference in corticospinal excitability occurred prior to cycling and an intensity-matched isometric contraction, as well as determine whether the changes were spinal or supraspinal in nature.


identifier: Fleming, Michael A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Fleming=3AMichael_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2014) "Roads less travelled": dependency and resilience in locally-owned trucking companies on the Great Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Acadian Peninsula of New Brunswick.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The Great Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Acadian Peninsula of New Brunswick have been shaped socially, culturally, and economically by cycles of natural resource extraction, unpredictable industrial output, and the continual threat of out-migration. Given these trends, locally-owned trucking companies on both peninsulas struggle to respond positively to a myriad of factors that militate against their ability to provide quality service to the communities in which they operate. The data presented in this research have uncovered that while some locally-owned companies flourish within uncertainty, others fail to become competitive. Accordingly, this dissertation examines the causes for and consequences of dependency and resilience within locally-owned trucking companies on the Great Northern and Acadian Peninsulas. On the one hand, their resilience is impacted significantly by the extent and quality of their integration with the broader national, and even international, trucking industry. On the other, these companies are influenced locally by the durability and quality of their community relationships. Woven through this are the unique cultural and challenging geographic environments with which they must contend.
This research is informed by critical political economy, dependency theory and the emergent sociological literature on resilience in marginalized communities. Building on sociological research into regional inequality in Canada, this project modifies the theoretical framework established by Canadian dependency theorists by recognizing the ways in which social actors in underdeveloped regions like Atlantic Canada challenge the economic and social consequences of dependency. Locally-owned trucking companies on the Great Northern and Acadian Peninsulas operate in ways that reflect their varying ability to respond actively to the structural conditions of dependency that dominate the regions in which they operate.
This research employs a mixed methodology including analysis of demographic profiles of both the Great Northern and Acadian Peninsulas, a critical review of regime change in Canadian transportation policy as it applies to the Atlantic Provinces, and comparative case studies of locally-owned trucking companies in both research locations. Taken together, these methods have allowed this project to advance sociological understanding of the relationship between dependency and resiliency by uncovering the social and economic circumstances under which limited local resilience can emerge within economically dependent regions.


identifier: Marsh, Noelle Lillian <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Marsh=3ANoelle_Lillian=3A=3A.html>   (2014) HspB8 protein expression in pregnant rat myometrium throughout pregnancy.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Heat shock protein (Hsp) B8 is highly expressed in smooth muscle, but the
expression and function in uterine smooth muscle, or myometrium, during pregnancy
remains unknown. The goal of this project was to characterize the myometrial expression
of HspB8 protein in pregnant rats during myometrial programming.
Immunoblot analysis determined that HspB8 and the co-chaperone Bcl2-
associated athanogene (Bag) 3 protein expression was elevated at mid-gestation at day
(d)15 and d17 (p<0.05; n=4). The intracellular localization of HspB8 and Bag3 has not
been well characterized; therefore, spatiotemporal expression in pregnant rat
myometrium was also determined by immunofluorescence analysis. HspB8 and Bag3
were predominantly localized to the cytoplasm of myometrial cells and were not found in
nuclei. To determine whether an HspB8-Bag3 complex existed in myometrial cells
during pregnancy, co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed. The results
demonstrated that an HspB8-Bag3 complex was present in vitro and in vivo, at nonpregnant,
d15 and d23. This investigation provides valuable insights into the
spatiotemporal expression of HspB8 and Bag3 and evidence of formation of a
heteromeric signaling complex, HspB8-Bag3, in uterine musculature during pregnancy.
With known roles of these proteins in macroautophagy activation, these results suggest
that HspB8 and Bag3 could have similar function(s) during myometrial hypertrophy.


identifier: Haley, James T. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Haley=3AJames_T=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2014) 1.3 Ga bimodal volcanism in Southeastern Labrador: Fox Harbour.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Fox Harbour bimodal volcanic package, newly discovered in 2010 during exploration by Search Minerals Inc. for rare earth elements (REE) is located in southeastern Labrador (northern Grenville Province). This package of rocks consists of three separate belts, known as the Road Belt, MT Belt, and South Belt. They are highly deformed, with an age of formation of 1.3 Ga, determined via U-Pb analysis of zircon from rhyolitic units. A metamorphic age of 1.05 Ga has also been determined for this package of rocks, which is taken to represent time that the Grenville Orogeny affected this area, exposing it to amphibolite facies metamorphism. The Grenville Orogeny is responsible for much of the observed deformation. The MT Belt has undergone the most exploration, due to the fact that the Foxtrot Deposit is located in this belt. This means that a detailed stratigraphy is available, and a much better correlation between rock types and lithogeochemistry is possible for this belt. Geochemically, many of the rhyolite units are peralkaline, determined geochemically, and by the presence of sodic amphiboles and sodic pyroxenes. The REE-bearing mineral in the volcanic units was determined to be a Y-Nb oxide called fergusonite, determined via electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). Although not analyzed, allanite is also an important REE-bearing mineral found in all mineralized units. Zircon was also analyzed via EPMA, revealing that a zircon population consisting of large microporous grains was different than the general population observed in Fox Harbour. These microporous grains are believed to be 1.05 Ga based on the limited success in obtaining U-Pb dates from them. In-situ determinations of Hf isotopes on the 1.3 Ga zircon crystals reveal that partial melting of 1.5 to 1.9 Ga felsic crustal sources derived the Fox Harbour volcanic units. In-situ Hf determinations of the 1.05 Ga zircon crystal population suggest that these zircon have the same Hf-crustal evolution array for 1.5 to 1.9 Ga sources. This suggests that the 1.05 Ga metamorphism event was a closed system for Lu-Hf, and that there was no flux of REE into or out of the rocks during metamorphism.


identifier: Mofarrah, Abdullah <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mofarrah=3AAbdullah=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Environmental management and potential use of heavy oil fly ash.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Heavy oil fly ash (HOFA) is a by-product generated in power plants by the burning of heavy fuel oil. The main constituent of HOFA is unburned carbon; it also contains other elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), silicon (Si), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), and vanadium (V) in different forms of oxides or sulfates. Due to insufficient knowledge of the physical and chemical properties and related applications of this by-product, it is usually disposed off into landfills. In order to explore the beneficial utilization of HOFA, this research study analyzes the physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of HOFA. It also includes an in-depth investigation on its reuse as (i) a natural absorbent such as activated carbon (AC), (ii) fill material for construction use, and (iii) a colour ingredient in ornamental concrete. Chemical and physical activation techniques were used to produce fly ash activated carbon (FAC). Before activation, the minerals and other metals present in the HOFA were removed by standard leaching procedures. The performances of the produced FAC were tested for the removal of selected pollutants such as dyes, naphthalene, and metals from aqueous solutions. The results from the laboratory batch experiments indicated that the developed FAC has the potential to remove organic and inorganic (e.g., 85% to 90%) pollutants from wastewater.
Soil stabilizer or fill material for construction use was prepared by mixing HOFA with Portland cement at different ratios. The leaching behaviour of the trace elements and compounds within HOFA and fill materials was studied by standard laboratory batch and column leaching tests. The results of the study showed that the toxic elements in HOFA are easily leachable and can be toxic to the environment. However, the addition of 40% Portland cement with HOFA significantly decreased the leaching concentration of most elements below the permissible level. To explore the possible use of HOFA as a black pigment or admixture in ornamental concrete, it was mixed with cement mortar at different percentages. The standard compressive strength test with 50 mm cement mortar cubes showed that the addition of 2% to 5% HOFA in cement mortar does not affect its compressive strength. The leaching behaviour of trace elements within HOFA mixed concrete material was also investigated through laboratory batch leaching experiments. The findings confirmed that HOFA can be used as a black pigment in ornamental concrete, which is environmentally safe, and provides a good balance between colour and concrete quality. In the final phase of this research, a human health risk assessment methodology was developed in order to assess the potential health risk to people living in the area surrounding the HOFA dumping site. This study also explores environmental concerns and the importance of HOFA management practices.


identifier: Alawneh, Shadi G. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Alawneh=3AShadi_G=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Hyper-real-time ice simulation and modeling using GPGPU.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Simulation of the behaviour of a ship operating in pack ice is a computationally intensive
process to which General Purpose Computing on Graphical Processing Units
(GPGPU) can be applied. GPGPU is the use of a GPU (graphics processing unit)
to do general purpose scientific and engineering computing. The model for GPU
computing is to use a CPU and GPU together in a heterogeneous co-processing computing
platform. The sequential part of the application runs on the CPU and the
computationally-intensive part is accelerated by the GPU. From the users perspective,
the application just runs faster because it is using the high-performance of the
GPU to boost performance. This thesis presents an efficient parallel implementation
of such a simulator developed using the NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture
(CUDA). This simulator can be used to give users the ability to analyze
ice-interactions for design, assessment and training purposes. This thesis also describes
the execution of experiments to evaluate the performance of the simulator
and to validate the numerical modeling of ship operations in pack ice. It also describes
the useful applications that have been done using this simulator in planning
ice management activities.


identifier: O’Leary, Krystle <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/O==2019Leary=3AKrystle=3A=3A.html>   (2014) The role of math experiences and personality traits in math anxiety.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Math anxiety has been defined by Richardson and Suinn (1972) as “unpleasant feelings, specifically, those of tension and anxiety that impede an individual’s ability to manipulate numbers and solve math problems in a variety of situations (pg. 551).” Although previous research has investigated the situational factors (e.g., language and symbols used in math) of math anxiety, little research has examined dispositional and environmental factors. The current study assessed both dispositional (i.e., the Big Five Personality traits) and environmental factors (i.e., different kinds of math experiences) associated with math anxiety. A total of 131 undergraduate students (34 males and 96 females; Mage = 20.81) completed paper and pencil measures of math anxiety, a personality measure of the Big Five Personality traits, a new measure specifically designed to explore different kinds of math experiences, and measures of general anxiety and test anxiety. Results showed a significant positive relationship between math anxiety and neuroticism, but this relationship became non-significant after controlling for general anxiety and test anxiety. Environmental factors including support in high school, the manner by which math is taught (e.g., giving students plenty of examples), and doing well at math (e.g., having good marks in math) were significantly related to the level of math anxiety experienced by students even after controlling for general and test anxiety. The implications of these findings for better understanding which individuals may be at risk for developing math anxiety are discussed, in addition to the creation of programs and tutorials to decrease math anxiety.


identifier: Hughes, Micheline <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hughes=3AMicheline=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Scapegoat, sacrifice, or saviour: an examination of the outsider in the Mahābhārata.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis examines part of the cultural history of social exclusions through
a study of the portrayal of the Niṣādas, a tribal group, in the Hindu epic, the
Mahābhārata. Three factors contribute to the social exclusion of the Niṣādas in
the epic: social construction of identity, caste and dharma, and geography and
liminality. The three Mahābhārata narratives that are the focus of the thesis’s
analysis (the narratives of Ekalavya, the House of Lac, and Nala and Damayantī)
portray six Niṣādas, and one king, Nala, who undergoes a period of social
exclusion. Outsiders are portrayed as scapegoat, sacrifice, and/or savior for the
epic’s heroes. However, when Niṣādas fulfill these roles, they are either
exterminated or mutliated as a result of acts of those very heroes. The thesis
argues that the factors of social exclusion work together to accomplish
marginalization, and that violence facilitates the process of social exclusion in the
epic.


identifier: Nippard, Devin G. S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nippard=3ADevin_G=2E_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Modelling radial electron densities of atoms in molecules.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis looks at fitting the radial density of atoms in molecules using a least
squares minimization. As proof of concept the radial electron densities of individual
atoms of the first three periods were fitted using a linear combination of six Gaussian
functions. The core electrons of the individual atom fits were used as an initial guess
for the core electrons of the atoms in molecule fit while the now non-spherically symmetric
valence shells of the atoms in molecules were fitted using non-nuclear centred
Gaussian functions. The radial densities of atoms in molecules for each molecular orbital
were also fitted. The fits were computed using Mathematica. The thesis shows
that it is possible to use the radial electron density of the atoms in molecule fits to
produce/reproduce molecular electron densities.


identifier: Li, Pu <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Li=3APu=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Development of an integrated decision support system for supporting offshore oil spill response in harsh environments.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Offshore oil spills can lead to significantly negative impacts on socio-economy and constitute a direct hazard to the marine environment and human health. The response to an oil spill usually consists of a series of dynamic, time-sensitive, multi-faceted and complex processes subject to various constraints and challenges. In the past decades, many models have been developed mainly focusing on individual processes including oil weathering simulation, impact assessment, and clean-up optimization. However, to date, research on integration of offshore oil spill vulnerability analysis, process simulation and operation optimization is still lacking. Such deficiency could be more influential in harsh environments. It becomes noticeably critical and urgent to develop new methodologies and improve technical capacities of offshore oil spill responses. Therefore, this proposed research aims at developing an integrated decision support system for supporting offshore oil spill responses especially in harsh environments (DSS-OSRH). Such a DSS consists of offshore oil spill vulnerability analysis, response technologies screening, and simulation-optimization coupling. The uncertainties and/or dynamics have been quantitatively reflected throughout the modeling processes.
First, a Monte Carlo simulation based two-stage adaptive resonance theory mapping (MC-TSAM) approach has been developed. A real-world case study was applied for offshore oil spill vulnerability index (OSVI) classification in the south coast of Newfoundland to demonstrate this approach. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo simulation based integrated rule-based fuzzy adaptive resonance theory mapping (MC-IRFAM) approach has been developed for screening and ranking for spill response and clean-up technologies. The feasibility of the MC-IRFAM was tested with a case of screening and ranking response technologies in an offshore oil spill event. A novel Monte Carlo simulation based dynamic mixed integer nonlinear programming (MC-DMINP) approach has also been developed for the simulation-optimization coupling in offshore oil spill responses. To demonstrate this approach, a case study was conducted in device allocation and oil recovery in an offshore oil spill event. Finally, the DSS-OSRH has been developed based on the integration of MC-TSAM, MC-IRFAM, AND MC-DSINP. To demonstrate its feasibility, a case study was conducted in the decision support during offshore oil spill response in the south coast of Newfoundland.
The developed approaches and DSS are the first of their kinds to date targeting offshore oil spill responses. The novelty can be reflected from the following aspects: 1) an innovative MC-TSAM approach for offshore OSVI classification under complexity and uncertainty; 2) a new MC-IRFAM approach for oil spill response technologies classification and ranking with uncertain information; 3) a novel MC-DMINP simulation-optimization coupling approach for offshore oil spill response operation and resource allocation under uncertainty; and 4) an innovational DSS-OSRH which consists of the MC-TSAM, MC-IRFAM, MC-DMINP, supporting decision making throughout the offshore oil spill response processes. These methods are particularly suitable for offshore oil spill responses in harsh environments such as the offshore areas of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). The research will also promote the understanding of the processes of oil transport and fate and the impacts to the affected offshore and shoreline area. The methodologies will be capable of providing modeling tools for other related areas that require timely and effective decisions under complexity and uncertainty.


identifier: Silvey, Dustin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Silvey=3ADustin=3A=3A.html>   (2014) An investigation into the prolonged effects of excessive acute alcohol consumption on motor vehicle driving skills.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of the current thesis was twofold: 1) to review the literature while linking the prolonged effects of excessive acute alcohol consumption (hangover) to decrements in complex vigilance tasks and 2) to determine if the prolonged effects of excessive acute alcohol consumption have an affect on driving a motor vehicle. Driving involves great requirements for attention, vigilance, and motor control. It has been previously demonstrated that alcohol, while in the body, or recently removed does cause decrements in attention span, judgment, psychomotor vigilance, and memory. However, there has been little consistency between the testing; for example, some researchers did not wait until participants’ blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was 0.00 g% before conducting testing and therefore, the remaining alcohol in the participants’ bodies may have affected the results. In the present study it was indicated that hangovers do not have an effect on driving a motor vehicle, but with a BAC above the legal limit (0.08 g%) there is a significant decrement in driving ability. In conclusion, hangovers may not affect driving a motor vehicle, but future research should examine if more severe hangovers do have a detrimental effect.


identifier: Mostafa, Hala <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mostafa=3AHala=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Detection techniques for alternate-relaying cooperative communications systems.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Cooperative technology constitutes a breakthrough in the design of wireless communication
systems. This is due to its relatively simple implementation and its significant
performance gains in terms of link reliability, system capacity, and transmission
range. In cooperative communications, multiple terminals in a network
cooperate by relaying each other’s information, forming a virtual antenna array,
and, thus realizing spatial diversity in a distributed fashion. It is not surprising
that cooperative communications have become a strong candidate for many wireless
applications, such as cellular networks, wireless local area network, mobile
ad-hoc networks, and wireless sensor networks. However, cooperative technology
is not without challenges. A major problem in this technology is the reduction
in spectral efficiency, which results from the half-duplex constraint at the relays
and orthogonal relay transmission. This has spurred researchers to investigate cooperative
strategies to recover the spectral efficiency loss. Such strategies can be
classified into three main categories.
One category supposes that each source transmits a ’superimposed’ signal,
which consists of its own data and relaying information. This superposition can
be performed in code or in modulation domain. Obviously, if the relay does not
have its own data, a full-rate transmission can not be achieved.
The second category is to employ adaptive modulation techniques where the
spectral efficiency is improved by changing modulation size with fixed symbol
rate. However, the transmitter needs to know the channel signal-to-noise (SNR)
such that the best suitable modulation is chosen and the receiver must be informed
on the used modulation in order to decode the information.
This leads to an increased overhead in the system as compared with a fixed
modulation system, and will increase the complexity of the receiver too.
The third one utilizes two-relay, which alternatively transmit and receive. A
key feature of this category is that the source continues to transmit data, while the
two relays take turns in receiving and transmitting the data from the source. Due
to the simultaneous transmission of the data streams through both direct and one
of relay channels, harmful interference occurs at the relays and destination. The
interference occurred at the relays and destination represents a drawback in this
case, though.
According to our best knowledge, no previous research was done to develop
the optimal detectors for alternate-relaying cooperative (ARC) systems. Further,
all the previous works for ARC systems have in common that they do not exploit
any properties of the underlying error correcting codes. It is therefore necessary to
propose optimal detection techniques for uncoded and coded two-relay systems.
This motivated us to do this research. In this thesis, we proposed optimal and
suboptimal detectors to mitigate the influence of the interference signal for the uncoded
and coded decode-and-forward (DF) ARC systems.


identifier: Wilson, Lisa Ann <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wilson=3ALisa_Ann=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Iconography of the Newfoundland quilt: piecing together meaning on the Great Northern Peninsula.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The Newfoundland Quilt is part of a pervasive textile-based craft practice on the
Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland. This quilt type consists of between sixteen and
thirty fabric blocks, each block containing an iconic symbol or scene that is of
contemporary and/or historical relevance to outport Newfoundland. This thesis highlights
some of the more commonly quilted icons in order to demonstrate the ways in which an
individual might use a quilt 's surface to express a range of regional values, nostalgic
sentiments, and personal beliefs. In discussing these factors, this thesis also highlights
quilting as a textile tradition in Newfoundland, by demonstrating the ways it has
undergone shifts in form, function and meaning, as the culture itself has faced myriad
changes. Since the majority of people who make these quilts are at a post-retirement age,
this study connects quilting practices to advance stages of life, as the quilts become a way
for older people to address the inevitable changes they have witnessed to their culture, to
their physical bodies, and to the places that they call home. The Newfoundland Quilt type
is therefore emblematic of the ways in which individuals use creativity to help generate
and affirm of both individual and shared senses of identity, meanwhile helping them to
confront the changes to the culture around them.


identifier: Fry, Jessica S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Fry=3AJessica_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2014) The impact of ozonation of Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout eggs on hatching success, larval growth and survival.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The direct exposure of eggs to ozonated water has generated interest as a means of
ensuring pathogen-free eggs without the use of harsh chemicals. However, there are
numerous knowledge gaps including safe contact times, exposure levels in both fresh
water and sea water, and as potential long-term effects on aquaculture species such as
Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon, and rainbow trout. The effect of different ozone doses (0.5-
1.0, 1.5- 2.0 and 2.5- 3.0 mg O3 L⁻¹ for 1.5 min) was tested on recently fertilized Atlantic
cod and eyed salmonid eggs vis-à-vis the commercial disinfectant Perosan™ (0.004 mg
L⁻¹) and Ovadine (100 mg L⁻¹) as well as an untreated control (similar handling and
husbandry). The impact of ozone application was evaluated based on larval nucleic acid
concentration, hatching success, larval growth, and survival. Overall, the study showed no
negative effect of ozonation at < 3.0 mg O3 L⁻¹ for 1.5 min on cod eggs, cod larvae (up to
30 dph), and Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout eggs monitored until 85% yolk sac
depletion.
The ability of ozone to eradicate Saprolegnia diclina infection on salmonid eggs
as well the impact of ozone disinfection on S. diclina in the absence of salmonid eggs
were also investigated. Results suggest that ozonation of S. diclina hyphal mats can
reduce the growth of the fungus, with the level of impact being dependent on volume of
S. diclina initially present.


identifier: Tanni, Mahmuda Ahmed <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Tanni=3AMahmuda_Ahmed=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Natural gas fuel cell based power system for MUN engineering building.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This research presents analysis and design of a natural gas fuel cell based power system for the engineering building of Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN). Introduction and literature review provide background on energy consumptions in buildings and modeling techniques of fuel cells. The main objective of this research is to develop a fuel cell based power system for MUN engineering building. In chapter three, energy consumption analysis for MUN engineering building is presented. Modeling of the building in BEopt (Building Energy Optimization) and HOT-2000 software is presented with a short description of MUN engineering building. These BEopt and HOT models show the actual energy consumption of the building. Then an improved model of this building is developed in BEopt software with a list of recommendations. This model shows less energy consumption than the actual building and also suggests a list of recommendations about how to reduce the energy consumption. The successful simulation of the improved model also shows the limitations of the existing design. A 440 kW natural gas fuel cell based power system is proposed for the improved model in chapter three. A 440 kW natural gas fuel cell based power system is developed in Matlab/Simulink software with its Power System Blocksets (PSB) from chapter four to six. In chapter four, modeling of fuel cell system is presented in Matlab/Simulink software. Three models are developed and the best model is chosen for further research. In chapter five, the best chosen Simulink model from chapter four is connected to the power electronics part with the help of Matlab/Simulink blocks and Power System Blocksets (PSB). In chapter six, the fuel cell system with its power electronics part is connected to the grid. A simple control mechanism is also developed to deliver the required power. Basically the required power indicates the power needed to meet the energy demand of MUN engineering building as indicated in the chapter three. Finally, this thesis ends with the successful modeling of natural gas fuel cell based power system for MUN engineering building.


identifier: Hawkins, Jenna <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hawkins=3AJenna=3A=3A.html>   (2014) An exploratory study of workplace provisions for work-life balance.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is an exploratory and descriptive study of employer-provided work-life balance initiatives (WLB initiatives). Research on WLB initiatives is vast in size and scope, and recent studies in this field have been emerging from multiple academic disciplines. Findings from literature review raise questions about whether these provisions do actually help workers to balance their many roles and responsibilities in paid work and personal life. Based on an original case study in an Atlantic Canadian workplace, the current research is a focused inquiry of what WLB initiatives offer to workers. The formats of WLB initiatives, the relevance and accessibility of provisions to workers, and the interactions with organizational productivity objectives are explored. It is argued that WLB initiatives exist within and are influenced by a wider social structure that values the public sphere over the private, and that these provisions therefore do not necessarily promote real work-life balance for workers.


identifier: MacKenzie, Meagan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacKenzie=3AMeagan=3A=3A.html>   (2014) A multidimensional profile of Canadians with social anxiety disorder: sociodemographics, social support, and stress.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This dissertation was designed to present a multidimensional profile of determinants of well-being for individuals with social anxiety disorder. Using the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) cycle 2.1, a series of three studies was conducted. Study 1 examined prevalence rates and associated sociodemographic variables for social anxiety disorder. It was found that individuals with this disorder experience significant depression comorbidity, as well as impairment in domains such as education, employment, and income. Females with social anxiety disorder may be more marginalized, as they are more likely to be single parents and have a lower income than males with the disorder. Study 2 examined social support within the context of social anxiety disorder. It was found that both socially anxious males and females had low levels of perceived social support, and that males reported lower social support than females. For females with social anxiety disorder, a reduction in distress was associated with an increase in positive social interactions. Finally, Study 3 examined variables related to stress and coping for individuals with social anxiety disorder. It was shown that this disorder is associated with lower coping self-efficacy, a specific pattern of sources of stress, and using different coping methods than non-socially anxious individuals. Females with social anxiety disorder were likely to report their most important sources of stress to be related to their families and males with social anxiety disorder were more likely to list work as a stressor, and were more likely to drink alcohol to cope. Taken together, these findings indicate that individuals with social anxiety disorder have additional variables affecting their quality of life beyond that of their social anxiety. These findings can be of benefit to practitioners, as it provides a more complete illustration of the lives of their patients. This knowledge, particularly concerning stress and coping variables, can be of use in treatment planning. As a result of this study, further research might investigate additional determinants of well-being, such as physical ailments and quality of social support.


identifier: Nyade, Praise Kwasi <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nyade=3APraise_Kwasi=3A=3A.html>   (2014) Biogeochemical prospecting for buried uranium mineralization and the investigation of black spruce trees as a tool for biogeochemical sampling and for environmental monitoring of radionuclide contamination.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Surface geochemical methods were applied to delineate uranium (U)
mineralization buried under till cover in the Jacque’s Lake area, Labrador. Samples
analyzed included black spruce twigs, bark, and needles; Labrador tea leaves and stems,
and B-horizon soil. These results were compared to defined radiometric U/Th anomalies
in the study area. Relative U enrichment followed the order: spruce twigs>bark
>Labrador tea stem>spruce needles>Labrador tea leaves. Spruce twigs displayed the
greatest contrasts in U contents and exhibited a significant association with the U/Th
anomalies. Twig U concentrations ranged between <0.01 to 61 ppm and were highly
correlated with Pb, Ag, Sb, Ca, and Be. Areas with anomalous U concentration in <250
μm sized-fraction of B-horizon soil appeared displaced east of the defined U/Th
responses and the near surface projection of the buried U mineralization. There is a lack
of correlation between U concentration in B-horizon soil and the defined radiometric
anomalies.
The U hyperaccumulation by black spruce trees was investigated and the possible
use of ²³⁸U/²³⁵U ratio as a tracer for fingerprinting the source and transport pathways of U
taken up by vegetation was examined. The U accumulation property of the black spruce
seedlings was evaluated by measuring the metal uptake in seedlings grown in peat and in
soil treated with varying concentrations of uranyl nitrate. The bioavailability indexes of U
in soil treated with 100, 250, and 400 mg U/Kg soil were estimated to be 0.21, 0.15 and
0.10 respectively. Uranium concentrations in seedling stems, the Biological
Accumulation Coefficient (BAC), and Transfer Factors (TF) increased linearly with increasing bioavailable concentration of U in the substrates. The metal accumulation in
the plant tissues followed the order stem > roots > needles. Although the trend of U
accumulation was comparable for plants grown in U-dosed soil versus U-dosed peat, the
BAC values for plants grown in U-spiked soils were higher suggesting that metal
availability was substrate specific.
The source of U taken up by the spruce seedlings was evaluated by Inductively
Coupled Plasma-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (ICP-QMS) and Neutron Activation
Analysis (NAA) analyses of ²³⁸U/²³⁵U ratios in stems of seedlings grown on substrates
mounted in solutions spiked with different concentrations of DU. The ²³⁸U/²³⁵U ratio in
the stems exhibited measureable deviations from the natural ratio (137.88) and ranged
from 174-210 and is a consequence of the bulk uptake of U derived from the DU
solutions. Elevated ²³⁸U/²³⁵U ratio in the substrates suggests upward migration of DUenriched
solution along the substrate column. The precision (1σ) for ICP-QMS
determination of ²³⁸U/²³⁵U in DU-spiked substrates, and the stems of seedlings, are
0.02%-2.7% and 0.05%-1.9%, respectively.