identifier: Lipsett, David Bruce <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lipsett=3ADavid_Bruce=3A=3A.html>   (2012) A blueberry extract-supplemented diet rescues phenotypes in drosophila melanogaster models of parkinson disease.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. As a result, affected individuals have impaired motor function typically coupled with several non-motor symptoms that arise from extra-nigral damage. Mutations in the human α-synuclein (SNCA ) gene have been linked to heritable autosomal dominant PD and duplications of its gene locus result in a more severe early onset form of the disease. Post-mortem analysis of patient brains reveals increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in individuals with PD. I investigated the potential therapeutic effects of a diet high in antioxidants both in a Drosophila melanogaster model of PD and on α-synuclein-induced developmental defects of the neuron-rich eye. Longevity assays, climbing trials, and biometric analyses were performed to test the effects of blueberry extract (BBE) on several α-synuclein-induced phenotypes. My results suggest that a diet findings demonstrate that BBE counteracts PD-like phenotypes in an animal model of protein toxicity and suggest that dietary antioxidants may a alleviate some of the cellular stress caused by excess α-synuclein. Diets rich in sources of antioxidants, like blueberries, could become a useful tool in treating PD and other similar neurodegenerative disorders if this relationship is conserved in humans.


identifier: Little, Tim <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Little=3ATim=3A=3A.html>   (1983) Design and analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motors.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

abstract: The latest developments in high energy product permanent magnet materials have led to renewed interest in the permanent magnet (P.M.) synchronous motor. This is primarily due to the high efficiencies and power factors which may be obtained from the P.M. motor. If this device is to find its way into widespread industrial use, it is important that sufficient analytical skills be developed and detailed design information be transmitted to the motor design engineer, such that the inherent advantages of a P.M. motor are recognized and utilized. -- This work, then, presents a detailed analysis of both the transient and steady state behavior of the P.M. motor. Included, as well, are the derivations of three of the important parameters of P.M. motors, namely direct axis reactance, quadrature axis reactance and open circuit voltage. The analysis is then used to predict transient and steady state performance with reasonable accuracy. Tested results of four prototype P.M. motors are presented in order to provide correlation with, and verification of, the analytical results. -- Finally, a number of important parameter variations are undertaken, and important conclusions to the design, manufacture and testing of P.M. motors are presented.


identifier: Liu, Ben-Chieh. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Liu=3ABen-Chieh=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1965) A study of education and economics in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador since Confederation (1949).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In the study of economic growth emphasis is at present being placed on the development of human resources, in which development the role of education is featured prominently. This study is an attempt to examine some aspects of the role of education in the economic development of this province since 1949. -- The study examines firstly the basic structure and the gradual diversification of Newfoundland’s economy. It gives a detailed analysis of population dynamics by census division, the rapid growth in school age population and the population distribution in this province. The evolution of elementary and secondary education in Newfoundland is studied. The methods of financing education in the province are also investigated, while some criteria for educational investment have been discussed. Comparisons between Newfoundland and the rest of Canada intend to show the effects of education on economic growth in Newfoundland. These effects help to interpret the changes in the rate of unemployment, the structure of occupations, as well as labor incomes. -- The most important findings of this thesis are: -- i. Although the economic structure in Newfoundland is still predominately based on the exploitation of natural resources, diversification and industrialization have taken place. -- ii. Despite the great achievement in economic development since Confederation the economic develop in Newfoundland is retarded by a relatively high rate of unemployment, a comparatively poor infrastructure, unfavorably endowed natural resources and lack of skilled labor.  -- iii. Newfoundland has had the highest birth rate and the lowest death rate in Canada in almost every year since 1949; this has resulted in high rate of population growth which has aggravated the problems of overpopulation and of unemployment. This has also required a very heavy government investment in education. -- iv. Urbanization and centralization have taken place extensively, but a very unbalanced distribution of population in Newfoundland has caused difficulties in allocating social overhead capital in some cases. -- v. Newfoundland has had a comparatively higher rate of improvement in education than in Canada as a whole during the past fifteen years; however, Newfoundland still rank last in almost every field of education when compared to the other provinces. -- vi. The Provincial Government has been mainly responsible for the costs of education and has contributed a much higher percentage of the costs than any other provincial government in Canada; nevertheless, the absolute amount spent on education per student in Newfoundland is still very low. -- vii. Because Newfoundland has enjoyed a comparatively high rate of improvement in education since Confederation, it has benefited substantially as shown by the comparatively low rate of increase in unemployment, a more rapid absorption in the high earning occupations, and a faster rate of increase in per capita incomes as compared to Canada as a whole. -- viii. The relationship between education and economic development is very close in Newfoundland and it is likely that the income gap between Newfoundland and the rest of Canada will be bridged as the educational difference between the two is eventually eliminated.


identifier: Liu, Chunjian <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Liu=3AChunjian=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Synthesis of the kempane diterpene ring system, and regio- and stereoselectivity in the reductions of cyclic enediones.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Kempane diterpenes such as 1 and 2, which are a class of compact tetracyclic compounds isolated from the defense secretions of nasute soldier termites, have been challenging synthetic targets. We have achieved a highly stereoselective synthesis of the kempane diterpene ring system that possesses all the required stereogenic centers and sufficient functionality to allow elaboration to 1 and 2. A key step of our synthesis of the ring system is the highly regia- and facially-selective Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cis-5-(I-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)vinyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one (78) and 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (13) to establish the benzoindane ring system 79. The diene 78 was prepared through a sequence that contained a regiospecific [2 + 2] cycloaddition of 1-methyl-1 ,3-cyclohexadiene (38) with dichloroketene, generated in situ from dichloroacetyl chloride and triethylamine. Though attempts to cyclize the seven-membered ring in hemi-acetal 72 by aldol reaction were unsuccessful due to the difficulty in opening the five-membered hemi-acetal ring, the seven-membered ring was constructed by a regiospecific Dieckmann condensation in ethyl (1α,2β,4α,4aβ,6β,6aα,7aβ,10aβ,10bα,10cα)-2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,7a,10,10a,10b,10c-tridecahydro-4-hydroxy-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy-2,10c-dimethyl-9-oxo-1Hbenz[6,7]indeno-[2,1-b]furan-l-methylcarboxylate (131). The transformation of the benzoindane ring system 79 to carboxylate 131 involved a remarkably regio- and stereoselective addition of an acetylide to the apparently more hindered carbonyl in 79, a reductive cleavage of a γ-hydroxy group in an α,β-enone system, and a one-pot acid-promoted epimerization and double-bond isomerization. -- To explore the possibility of modifying our synthesis of the kempane diterpene ring system to an asymmetric approach, we investigated the asymmetric [2 + 2] cycloadditions of enantiopure, L-menthoxy- and 1,2:5 ,6-di-O-isopropyllidene-a-D-glucofuranoxy-substituted ketenes 174 and 185 with cyclopentadiene (175). -- In the course of the synthetic study towards kempane diterpenes, an exiremely regia- and stereoselective reduction of the seemingly more hindered carbonyl in enedione 56 with lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride or sodium borohydride was observed. Systematic study proved this observation to be general with non-bridged cyclic enediones. Both the regio- and stereoselectivities are due to a preference for axial attack by the reducing reagents. Among possible axial additions to the two carbonyls, only one approach is sterically allowed. It was also found that the combination of sodium borohydride and cerium trichloride, the Luche reagent, was a useful alternative reducing reagent. It either improved or completely reversed the regioselectivity.


identifier: Liu, Lin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Liu=3ALin=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Assessing the validity of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in the adult population of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Statistical inference under order restrictions is an important field in statistical science and has been studied and practiced widely. The utilization of the assumption of monotonicity increases the efficiency of statistical inference procedures. This can be found in the literature such as Ayer, Brunk, Ewing, Reid and Silverman (1955), Robertson and Wright (1974), Barlow and Ubhaya (1971), Lee (1981), Kelly (1989), Korn (1982), Schoenfeld (1986), Hayter (1990) and Lee (1996). In Chapter 2, we review some fundamental theories about the order restricted statistical inference including isotonic regression and test of a simply ordered hypothesis. -- In Chapter 3, we study a max-min interval procedure, a modification of Tukey's studentized range technique, to construct simultaneous confidence intervals for pairwise comparisons of response means by utilizing the prior knowledge of the monotonicity of the means. The improvement of the proposed max-min interval procedure is substantial. -- The one-sided simultaneous confidence lower bound is studied in Chapter 4. We investigate the incomplete optimization problem of maximizing simultaneous lower bounds for nonnegative contrasts considered by Marcus (1978). Significant improvements over Marcus' (1978) results, including a necessary and sufficient condition for the optimal solution and an efficient computation algorithm to compute the optimal lower bounds, are made. -- In Chapter 5, we introduce a one-sided multiple comparison test (OMCT) for testing the homogeneity of the means against the simple order alternative. It gives sharper one-sided simultaneous confidence lower bounds. This OMCT approach compares favorably with Hayter's (1990) and Marcus' (1978) approaches and it may be comparable to the least significant difference approach. -- The simultaneous statistical inference for response means wit h a control is considered in Chapter 6. An orthant test statistic is introduced. With the prior knowledge that the response means are monotone, a more efficient simultaneous confidence lower bound can be inverted from this test to detect the difference between response means and the control mean. An algorithm to compute the optimal lower bound is included. -- In Chapter 7, we demonstrate that the stepwise test procedure based on likelihood ratio test is a more efficient test procedure for detecting the minimum efficient dose in dose-response studies.


identifier: Liu, Shanshan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Liu=3AShanshan=3A=3A.html>   (2009) Growth rate of the Iceland scallop Chlamys islandica in Gilbert Bay, Labrador, a marine protected area.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The sustainability of the Iceland scallop fishery is one of the conservation issues associated with the Gilbert Bay Marine Protected Area in southeastern Labrador. The average size of Iceland scallop in Gilbert Bay is significantly smaller than the average scallop size in the nearby Strait of Belle Isle. Local fishers have suggested this could be due to a slower growth rate of scallops in the MPA. -- To estimate the growth rate of scallops in Gilbert Bay, three methods of determining the age of scallops were used: counting external shell growth rings, counting shell hinge ligament growth zones, and counting internal shell layer growth increments. No significant difference was found between the ligament and internal shell methods of aging, but both methods were significantly different from the external shell growth ring method. Counting hinge ligament growth zones was recommended as the most accurate and most convenient method. The growth parameters of Iceland scallop in Gilbert Bay were found by fitting the von Bertalanffy equation to the shell height-at-age data. Based on counting hinge ligament growth zones, the von Bertalanffy model found asymptotic shell height (SHoo) of scallops in Gilbert Bay was 117 mm with a growth parameter K of 0.07 year⁻¹. Scallop growth in Gilbert Bay is not significantly different from scallop growth in the Strait of Belle Isle and not significantly different from scallop growth in the Nuuk area of West Greenland. -- No significant difference was found in variation of scallop growth throughout Gilbert Bay. Scallops in Gilbert Bay are currently smaller than in the Strait of Belle Isle, likely due to factors other than growth rate, such as variance in recruitment, natural mortality or fishing mortality. Refined harvesting regulations could ensure the sustainability of Iceland scallop populations in Gilbert Bay.


identifier: Liu, Shu-fan (Lee) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Liu=3AShu-fan_=28Lee=29=3A=3A.html>   (1965) The preparation and some reactions of brominated pyrrole derivatives.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis has no abstract.


identifier: Liu, Yi, 1978- <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Liu=3AYi,_1978-=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Exact minimax wavelet designs for discrimination.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis, we consider the problem of constructing designs in order to determine the number of wavelet terms that should be included in the wavelet representation of unknown nonparametric response curves. Our approach is to choose designs that will maximize, in some sense, the difference between the better model and the other competing wavelet models. Simulated annealing algorithm is developed to carry out exact, rather than approximate, minimax designs for discrimination between competing wavelet regression models. Sequential and nonsequential designs are discussed along with some examples based on the multiwavelet system and Daubechies wavelet system.


identifier: Liu, Zhu <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Liu=3AZhu=3A=3A.html>   (1993) A novel approach to the analysis of dissolved free amino acids in seawater by high-performance liquid chromatography.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Accurate determination of the dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) in seawater is critical in understanding the nitrogen cycle and marine food web in the ocean. – Traditional ion-exchange chromatographic analysis (IC) is very tedious requiring pre-concentration and desalting steps before analysis. Using conventional o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) pre-column derivization high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), measurements of DFAA concentrations “at time of sampling” is not possible unless an HPLC is on board. An alternative approach to DFAA analysis is HPLC using 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) as a fluorescence labelling reagent whereby the amino acids are derivatized (and thus fixed) in the field and brought back for analysis. – The effects of the ionic medium pH, chemical nature and concentrations of the mobile phases on the separation of the FMOC derivatives were investigated. Under optimized HPLC conditions, the twelve of the sixteen amino acid derivative standards were well-resolved using a reversed-phase column. Interference from the FMOC hydrolysis product, FMOH, was significantly minimized. The newly-proposed FMOC derivatization approach was compared with that of the well-established OPA derivatization in terms of stability, precision, sensitivity and recovery. FMOC derivatives were found to be very stable and were more sensitive (lower detection limit) than OPA derivatives. – Comparisons were also made of DFAA measurements in seawater, obtained by FMOC derivatization at time of sampling, and, as the result of sample storage followed by OPA derivatization. Losses of DFAA in stored samples were found to be as high as 200%. – During 1992, various field studies were conducted using the FMOC method for the analysis of DFAA in real seawater. The variable levels of DFAA measured during an annual spring plankton bloom in a coastal region is studied.


identifier: Liyanapathirana, Chandrika M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Liyanapathirana=3AChandrika_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Phenolic and polyphenolic compounds of wheat (Triticum spp.): extraction and antioxidative properties.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Phenolic and polyphenolic compounds were extracted from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in order to assess their biological activity under different in vitro conditions. The effects of primary processing such as milling and pearling were also examined. The antioxidant capacity of wheat was evaluated using a number of in vitro assays based on scavenging of several free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and control of lipid and DNA oxidation. -- The optimum conditions for the extraction of crude phenolics from whole grain and bran of soft and hard wheats were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centred cubic design (FCD) was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables, namely solvent composition (%), extraction temperature (°C) and time (min) on the response, that is the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Although the optimum extraction conditions were established, in the interest of operational costs related to energy consumption, phenolics were generally extracted using 80% aqueous ethanol for prolonged periods at low temperatures. Crude phenolics extracted with 80% aqueous ethanol yielded 75-80% antioxidant activity as compared to that under optimum conditions. The extractability of phenolics from wheat under simulated gastric pH conditions revealed that pH treatment facilitated the extraction of phenolics. In the latter study wheat phenolics of non-treated and treated samples were extracted into water. The antioxidant activity of treated samples was much higher than that of non-treated samples. Phenolics extracted belonged to the free, soluble esters and insoluble-bound fractions. Soluble esters of phenolics and insoluble-bound phenolics were extracted after alkaline hydrolysis of samples. The contribution of bound phenolics to the total phenolic content was significantly higher than that of free and esterified fractions. In the in vitro antioxidant assays, the bound phenolic fraction demonstrated a significantly higher antioxidant capacity than free and esterified phenolics. In all experiments detailed above, two commercial samples of soft (70% Canadian Eastern soft red spring and 30% Canadian Eastern soft white winter) and hard (90% Canadian Western hard red spring and 10% Canadian Eastern hard red winter) wheat mixtures were used. The antioxidant potential of the milling fractions examined decreased in the order of bran > whole grain > flour. Most of the phenolics were concentrated in the bran and these were not available for analysis under normal extraction conditions. -- The effects of primary processing, namely pearling and milling, on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined using two wheat cultivars, namely CWAD (Canadian Western Amber Durum; Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and CWHRS (Canadian Western hard red spring; Triticum aestivum L.). After pearling the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in the grains were significantly decreased. As the degree of pearling was increased there was a gradual decrease in the phenolic content and hence the corresponding antioxidant capacity in the resultant pearled product. The by-products resulting from 10-20% pearling possessed the greatest antioxidant capacity. Among different milling fractions the bran had the highest phenolic contents while the endosperm possessed the lowest and this was also reflected in antioxidant capacity of different milling fractions in the two cultivars. -- The HPLC analysis of commercial wheat mixtures revealed that ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic acid while in the pure cultivars examined sinapic acid was the major phenolic acid. This study demonstrated the importance of bran in the antioxidant activity of wheat, hence consumption of wheat as whole grains may render beneficial health effects.


identifier: Loader, Seth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Loader=3ASeth=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Spatially explicit modelling of topographic and climatic influences on vegetation distribution in Labrador's Mealy Mountains.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Changing vegetation distributions due to climate change are a concern world wide. Understanding these potential changes is of special interest in the proposed Akamiuapishku (Mealy Mountains) national park (Labrador, Canada). The potential for change under future climate scenarios was investigated through spatially explicit statistical models. The models are based on sampling data from classified Quickbird high resolution satellite imagery. Topoclimatic variables were used to predict percentage cover by vegetation cover classes. Temperature was by far the most important predictor variable but other variables such as incident solar radiation and measures of slope and sheltering also proved to be useful predictors. The relationships between temperature and the percentage cover variables were nonlinear in most cases and so nonlinear parameter estimation was used to build the predictive equations. The predictions suggest there is great potential for an increase in abundance of coniferous forest in the study area given future climate scenarios used.


identifier: Lobo, Sheila Teresa <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lobo=3ASheila_Teresa=3A=3A.html>   (1970) Studies in solvolysis of some simple alkyl trifluoroacetates.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The work presented in this thesis, deals with the neutral hydrolysis of simple alkyl trifluoroacetates. The alkyl trifluoroacetates CF₃COOR [R = CH₃, -CD₃; -CH₂CH₃, -CD₂CD₃, -CH(CH₃)₂, -CH(CD₃)₂ and -C(CH₃)₃] have been synthesized. The rates of hydrolysis of these trifluoroacetates have been measured at various temperatures, by a conductimetric method, and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH⁺ and ΔS⁺) evaluated. Secondary deuterium isotope effects have been determined. The results have been interpreted in the light of other mechanistic information concerning the hydrolysis of simple haloacetates.


identifier: Locke, Derek W. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Locke=3ADerek_W=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1993) The longitudinal effects of a wilderness adventure program on potential school dropouts.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The primary purpose of this three-year longitudinal investigation was to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of a dropout prevention program that attempted to utilize wilderness adventure experiences to reduce the dropout proneness of a group of potential school dropouts. -- The subjects for this study were male junior high school students (Grades VII to IX) who attended Templeton Collegiate during the 1987-88 school year. All junior high students in the sample school were administered the Dropout Alert Scale (DAS) as part of a guidance orientation program. Those male students identified by the DAS as potential dropouts were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (24 students in each group). A randomly-selected sample of male students identified by the DAS as potential persisters formed a second control group to control for potential dropout selection bias and to evaluate the discriminating power of the Dropout Alert Scale (DAS) with a sample of Newfoundland school students. -- The potential persisters were found to be significantly different before treatment from both groups of potential dropouts (control and experimental) on all selected school-related variables associated with dropouts. The selected variables included: age, years/grades repeated, percent of courses/credits passed, academic average and days absent. The DAS accurately identified as potential dropouts all of the students who subsequently dropped out of school over the three years of the study. -- The experimental program departed from conventional dropout intervention strategies in that it presented twenty-four potential dropouts with the challenge of successfully completing a five-day wilderness camping expedition. During the expedition, the school counsellor and an Army Cadet Instructor served as group leaders. Both leaders attempted to reduce the dropout proneness of the students by involving group members in a variety of learning experiences; specifically, adventure activities, communal living experiences, physical challenges, problem solving tasks, and group counselling sessions. All of these activities were conducted within a unique natural setting away from the normal influences of both home and school. -- The effectiveness of the program was analyzed over a three-year period with evaluations of the dropout rates of each of the three groups of students, as well as evaluations of selected school-related variables which have been reported to reliably differentiate potential dropouts from potential persisters. A probability level of alpha = p<.05 was considered significant. -- While there were no significant differences between the two groups of potential dropouts before treatment, there were significant differences between the experimental and control group of potential dropouts following treatment. The number of days absent was significantly lower for experimental group students than for control group students for both the 1987-88 and 1989-90 school years. It was also observed that while the differences were not statistically significant, the experimental group students attained better results than did the control group students on all the measured variables over the entire course of the study. -- The most important findings of this investigation concern those students who quit school during the three year period following the wilderness adventure treatment. It is encouraging to report that the experimental group's dropout rate was consistently lower than the control group and significantly lower (4.2 percent versus 29.2 percent) two years after treatment. Furthermore, the experimental treatment was found to have positively influenced even those students who eventually quit school. It was observed that the dropouts from the experimental group stayed longer in school and thus received significantly more formal education than did the dropouts from the control group.


identifier: Locke, James C. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Locke=3AJames_C=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Socio-economic impact assessment auditing: a critique using the case study of the Hibernia offshore oil development project.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a formal requirement began in the United States with the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) in 1969. Formal EIA procedures have since been adopted world-wide. However, until recently, little research had been undertaken with respect to "follow-up", i.e. evaluating the effectiveness of EIA in predicting the impacts or optimizing outcomes associated with human actions. In fact, it was not until the mid-1980s that questions regarding the utility and efficiency of EIA were given serious consideration. This has highlighted the need for formal EIA follow-up. The EIA audit process allows such follow-up through obtaining relevant information and examining and evaluating EIA procedures and the actual environmental consequences of a project or action. -- The use of and experience with environmental audits is still limited, though the situation is changing as interest in the subject has increased over the past decade, with audit investigations conducted in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia and elsewhere. However, the scope of these audits generally has been limited to bio-physical issues, with socio-economic issues either significantly under-represented or completely omitted. -- The limited research in this area provides the underlying rationale for this thesis, which investigates socio-economic impact assessment (SEIA) auditing using Newfoundland's Hibernia oil development project as a specific case study. Based upon earlier audits, an SEIA auditing method is established and applied to this project. As in other audits, poor wording and inadequate monitoring data preclude an evaluation of the majority of Hibernia impact predictions. Of 193 impact predictions identified only eight could be audited. Of these, three are consistent, and the remaining five inconsistent, with the original predictions for the project. -- These findings further confirm that, in general, neither the current format of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) nor the quality of the monitoring data being collected is well-suited to the auditing approach typically used. This raises the question of whether the current approach to EIA is itself adequate or useful. In this thesis it is instead argued that an EIA approach emphasizing impact management rather than impact prediction, is better suited to the dynamic nature of both the development projects and the context in which they operate. Such an approach would also better integrate EIA into the broader environmental planning process.


identifier: Loder, Jeff. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Loder=3AJeff=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) The resilient state: the case of the liberalization of services in the European Union.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis tests the validity of the 'constrained-state thesis' through an examination of the attempted liberalization of services in the European Union (EU).The 'constrained-state thesis' (also known as the 'straightjacket thesis'), which emerged out of the "globalization-as-constraint school", claims that the state is no longer capable of effectively determining economic developmental strategies or economic policies. Viewed from this perspective, the state is no longer the locus of socio-economic power. -- The empirical evidence presented in this thesis does not support the argument that states are losing the ability to control the direction of national economic development. In the EU, Member States have largely retained the power to regulate the operation of services within their territory. Despite what seemed like an unstoppable movement towards liberalization ten years ago, little progress has been made towards achieving a truly open internal market for services. The Services Directive which will likely receive enough votes in Parliament this coming fall (2006), only provides legal certainty that service providers can temporarily operate outside their country of origin. It will not dramatically change the ability of Member States to control the delivery of services on their territory. -- In the case of services, Member States have largely retained their regulatory power. For sure, EU institutions will play a role in some service sectors that Member States have agreed are better regulated on an EU wide scale. However, states are still the dominant source of regulatory power when it comes to services in the EU. Domestic political and economic realities will ultimately determine the degree to which Member States give up power to EU institutions with respect to services. Member States have retained the ability to work with domestic stakeholders in the service sector to coordinate economic growth. Considering that service oriented jobs contribute more to GDP in developed countries than any other type of employment, Member States will continue to play a important role in determining 'who gets what'. -- The empirical evidence presented in this thesis also contradicts conventional wisdom that states will eventually be replaced by regional supranational economic institutions that pull member states towards a single economic model. We may see more regional economic supranational institutions. However, the evidence presented in this thesis suggests that if supranational organizations develop into types of confederal economic organizations that include democratic institutions (such as Parliament in the EU), institutional avenues are created through which the economic power of Member States can be protected. This is exactly what happened in the EU. Because Parliament has co-decision legislative power over the internal market, stakeholders lobbied Parliament to protect Member State's authority over services.


identifier: Logan, Matthew Shane <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Logan=3AMatthew_Shane=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Fatty acid analysis of the diet of Leach's Storm-Petrels.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Leach's Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) display variation in foraging durations and forage at a wide range of distances from the colony, preying on species in both neritic and pelagic environments. Diet of Leach's Storm-Petrel adults and chicks may contain different proportions of different types of prey due to forging trip lengths and digestion. Fatty acid signature analysis was used to analyze the diets of Leach's Storm-Petrel parents and chicks. Lipids were extracted from stomach regurgitations, bird tissues and prey items. Multivariate techniques were used to examine the differences between groups (i.e. parents and their chicks, males and females, and breeding years) in fatty acid signatures of adipose tissue samples. -- Physical properties of Leach's Storm-Petrel regurgitate were found to be significantly different between the incubation and chick-rearing periods. Significant differences in fatty acid signatures of Leach's Storm-Petrels were found between adults and their chicks and breeding years. Fatty acid signatures were then compared to a library of individually discernable fatty acid signatures of potential prey items within a new dietary reconstruction model, and estimates of prey composition were calculated. Fish and crustaceans were dominant prey types depending upon the pre-calculated calibration coefficients that were used in the model. Crustacean species were shown to be more significant to dietary composition than previous stomach content estimates have calculated. Significant differences were observed between prey composition estimates of adults and their offspring, but no significant differences were found between the sexes. Adults tended to consume more pelagic prey and fed a higher proportion of neritic prey to their offspring.


identifier: Long, Gene <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Long=3AGene=3A=3A.html>   (1992) William Coaker and the loss of faith: toward and beyond consensus in the suspension of Newfoundland's self-government, 1925-1933.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis attempts to show that the loss of Newfoundland's self-government in 1933 was the result of an historical process rooted in the political experience of the country which can be identified as having its origins in the disillusionment first expressed by William Coaker in 1925. As leader of the Fishermen's Protective Union whose political career followed a parallel course of decline with that of the country as a whole, particularly as the state failed time and again to effectively regulate the country's fishery, Coaker conceived an idea of government by commission which would come to stand as a singular contribution to the evolution of Newfoundland's political and constitutional history. -- In order to establish a context in which the events of this period can be assessed it is necessary to consider both the historiographic reference points which reveal significant gaps in the treatment of the relevant issues, and the longer historical patterns which gave rise to a profound political malaise. The country's crisis may be defined as one of collective e self-confidence in which over time, as Coaker continued to advocate a radical proposition for political reform, others came to adopt his views as their own, without including his prescriptions for retaining some measure of democratic practice. -- In the end Coaker objected vigourously to what he identified as an anti-democratic distortion of his original proposal. But by this time the idea of a commission government, while bearing his imprint, had come to take on its own attributes derived from the political discourse of the period, which included an extensive process of review through the proceedings of the Arnulree Royal Commission. It is in the light of a close reading of the primary Newfoundland sources, and in particular those which illuminate the course of Coaker's idea, that the suspension of self-government may be seen as the end result of a protracted search for a solution to the country's unending struggle to move forward.


identifier: Longley, Hereward Nicholas James <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Longley=3AHereward_Nicholas_James=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Razing Athabasca: bitumen extraction and the industrial colonization of North-Eastern Alberta, 1967-1983.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis shows that oil price increases and supply threats associated with the Cold War and the OPEC Crisis caused the Alberta and Canadian governments to prioritize the development of the oil sands industry. By taking equity in the Syncrude project the Alberta government emerged with conflicting mandates as both developer and regulator of the resource. By the mid 1970s, the Alberta government's position produced a policy dynamic that contributed to the marginalization of government concern for the environmental impacts of oil sands development. Oil sands development physically colonized Indigenous land and had significant adverse environmental impacts on proximate ecosystems. The degradation of natural resources relied on by Indigenous peoples made affected communities increasingly desperate for employment in the oil sands economy from which they were largely excluded. Indigenous peoples were forced to fight for environmental protection and employment in the industry.


identifier: Longerich, Linda <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Longerich=3ALinda=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Acoustic conditioning for the RUKI rule.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Acoustic conditioning for the RUKI rule

abstract: Please see thesis for abstract.


identifier: Lovatt, Melanie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lovatt=3AMelanie=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Personalising popular culture: the uses and functions of the mix tape.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Mix tapes consist of songs and other audio recordings which are arranged and sequenced according to the desires of their creators, and which are then often presented to a recipient in the form of a gift. This thesis researches the ways in which mix tapes are used in communication. Drawing on interviews with six principal informants, I consider the mix tape both from the point of view of the creator, as well as the recipient.


identifier: Lovelace, Martin J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lovelace=3AMartin_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1975) The life history of a Dorset folk healer: the influence of personality on the modification of a traditional role.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study presents the life history of Les Ollerton, an English farm worker, and focuses on his practice as a healer, through the magico-religious technique of “charming” of warts and ringworm in humans and animals. His biography is based on a series of anecdotes and memorates told by him during tape-recorded interviews and informal conversations. These narratives are analysed for their information on folklife, traditional verbal art, and for insight into his personality and modes of presenting himself to others. -- The life history gives a partial view of family and community life in a Wiltshire village between 1913 and 1930 and the crafts of the cowman, hedger, and thatcher, are described in his account of his later years as a farm worker in Dorset. Rural biographies and autobiographies have been surveyed to provide comparative material. The attitudes of rural workers toward the acquisition, possession, and value of knowledge are discussed and especially as they compare with Les Ollerton’s attitudes toward the secret knowledge of charming. -- The traditional role, methods, and ethics of the charmer are described by reference to published sources and through his comments on his own approach to charming. The effectiveness of charming is found to depend, at least partially, on the establishment of an impressive persona and on narratives of successful healing which enhance the charmer’s reputation and contribute to his patients’ faith in the cure. -- His modification of the limited traditional role of the charmer to include, besides healing, advice in emotional or business problems, paramedicine, and informal social work, is compared with other traditional patterns of community service, from the counselling and divination performed by “white witches” or “cunning men” to the house-calls of family doctors and the pastoral visits of priests, Les’s interpretation of his role as a folk-healer is shown, through the insights gained from his life history, to be the result of a combination of personal motivation and community need.


identifier: Lowitt, Kristen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lowitt=3AKristen=3A=3A.html>   (2013) An examination of rural and coastal foodscapes: insights for the study of community food security and sustainable food systems.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In the context of growing inequity in access to food, threatened livelihoods for food producers, and environmental challenges, food security has garnered significant attention. Over the last twenty years, food security research has shifted from a focus on the individual and household to considering the role of community. It suggests that community well-being influences sustained food security and that local communities should have more ownership over their food system. Community food security has emerged as part of a movement in North America and Europe towards sustainable and local food systems. -- However, most community food security remains focused on agri-food systems to the neglect of fisheries. This study is a significant contribution to the community food security literature by examining the intersections of fisheries restructuring and community food security in the Bonne Bay region on Newfoundland's west coast. Since the 1990s collapse of regional cod stocks, many coastal areas in Newfoundland, including Bonne Bay, have undergone significant social and economic change related to the fishing industry. As food security becomes increasingly linked to ideas about the ' local' and 'sustainable,' this study interrogates what these ideas mean in the Bonne Bay region. -- This study presents the foodscape as a new conceptual lens for understanding community food security. Most simply, foodscapes are the sites or landscapes where food can be obtained as well as the interactions with food that unfold in these places. A foodscape analysis explores the connections among people, places, and food, including the connections among the acquisition, preparation and eating of food, to understand food security at interrelated household and community levels. Findings show that community food security in the Bonne Bay region takes places at the interface of formal and informal food economies. Most households use a food provisioning strategy combining food purchasing and self-provisioning. Local seafood remains important to diets, although there are increasing constraints on its access. -- This case study highlights important gaps and opportunities for future community food security research. First, a consideration of self-provisioning and informal economies has only been marginally explored in food scholarship. Secondly, this study calls for greater consideration of fisheries to truly address issues of equity and sustainability in food systems.


identifier: Lu, Chun <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lu=3AChun=3A=3A.html>   (1993) Study of the growth parameters of the yeast Rhodotorula rubra and its carotenoid production.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A red yeast, Rhodotorula rubra, was grown in a batch fermenter with molasses and acid extract from peat as basic substrates in separate experiments. -- Different concentrations of water-diluted peat extract were tested in shake flask experiments in an attempt to determine the optimal TCH (total carbohydrate) concentration for the growth of the yeast. The best results were obtained with a TCH concentration of 15 g/L. The nutritional requirements of R. rubra grown in peat extract were studied to enhance the growth of the yeast biomass. The yeast required supplements of nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium for growth. Growth was also better when a combination of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen were added than when the inorganic nitrogen source (ammonium salts) was used alone. The addition of 4 g/L ammonium sulphate, 1.5 g/L yeast extract, 0.174 g/L potassium sulphate, and 0.5 g/L magnesium sulphate to the peat extract medium produced 4.4 g/L dry biomass, with a biomass yield of 57%, and a biomass efficiency of 29%. -- Several operational parameters, namely, pH, agitation speed, temperature, and fermentation time, were studied to optimize the biomass production by R. rubra. The best results produced approximately 4.8 g/L of dry biomass with a yield of 70% and an efficiency of 32%. The cultivation time employed was 84 hours, with an inoculum ratio of 2% (v/v), an incubation temperature of 22 ± 1°C, an initial pH of 5.5, and an agitation speed of 200 rpm -- In separate experiments in a 2-Liter fermenter, the growth of R. rubra in the peat extract and molasses was studied to optimize the agitation and aeration rates. The optimal conditions produced 5.9 g/L of biomass with a yield of 71% in peat extract medium, and 4.5 g/L of biomass with a yield of 33% in molasses medium. These results were obtained with an agitation speed of 200 rpm, an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm, an inoculum ratio of 2% (v/v), an incubation temperature of 22 ± 1°C, a pH of 5.5 ± 0.1, and a cultivation time of 72 hours. The β-carotene contents of the yeast produced from the peat extract medium and the molasses medium were 1235 μg/g of dry biomass, and 1034 μg/g of dry biomass, respectively. -- The proximate compositions of the R. rubra biomass grown in the two different media were analyzed and compared. The yeast grown in peat extract contained approximately 48.5% crude protein, 4.1% ash, 27.7% total carbohydrate, and 5.7% total fat. The yeast grown in molasses contained 43.6% crude protein, 3.8% ash, 30.8% total carbohydrate and 10.2% total fat. The amino acids and fatty acids compositions of the yeast grown in peat extract were analyzed. The yeast protein contained 10 essential amino acids, and was high in leucine, arginine, lysine, and valine. It was, however, deficient in tryptophan when compared with the FAO standard. Eleven fatty acids were identified in the biomass.


identifier: Lu, Shan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lu=3AShan=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Enforcing ontological rules in conceptual modeling using UML: principles and implementation.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: UML is very popular in software engineering and is used for at least two purposes: OO software design and conceptual modeling. However, UML's origins in software engineering may limit its appropriateness for conceptual modeling. Evermann and Wand (2003, 2002, 2001) point out that conceptual modeling involves representing the real world, and that ontology is the branch of philosophy dealing with that. They developed a set of ontological rules placing constraints on the construction of UML diagrams, to ensure that they properly represent underlying ontological assumptions. However, no existing UML-based CASE tools enforce such rules. The purpose of this research is to implement such functionality in an UML-based CASE tool to guide the modeling process. Also, this research develops better understandings of the rules by considering how they can be implemented. Our implementation has built-in 'intelligence' to detect and explain the nature of violations.


identifier: Lu, Xijuan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lu=3AXijuan=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Methods for improving power system transient stability performance.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: As the power system operation safety and continuity are emphasized by electric power utilities, the transient stability performance of power systems becomes a common topic studied by many researchers. This thesis focuses on three different methods on power system transient stability enhancement. Different systems and fault scenarios are simulated and discussed to support the conclusions. First, the concepts of "power system stability" and "power system transient stability" are introduced. And then, the methods of fast fault clearing, high speed excitation systems, and the Static V AR Compensator (SVC) reactive power support are explained in details with a series of case studies. Finally, an SVC allocation method based on simplified sensitivity analysis is also presented, which validates the effect from SVCs on the power system transient stability improvement and the transient bus voltage sag problem. The thesis also presents the optimized allocation of SVCs based on the transient voltage sags.


identifier: Ludlow, Wayne Everett <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ludlow=3AWayne_Everett=3A=3A.html>   (1968) The administrative performance of elementary school principals in the Province of Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The major purpose of this study was to investigate the administrative performance of elementary school principals in the Province of Newfoundland. Data collected from 128 principals and 206 teachers in schools of six classrooms and over provided the necessary information used in the testing of the various hypotheses. Statistical procedures used to test these hypotheses included 't' tests, 'F' ratios and Chi Square. -- Forty-nine administrative practices, identified mainly from related research, were used in the questionnaire. These were classified under five administrative task areas as follows: (A) School and Community Relationships; (B) Staff Personnel; (C) Pupil Personnel; (D) Curriculum Development and Instructional Leadership; and (E) Organization and Management of the School. Teachers and principals were required to respond to each administrative practice indicating the degree of performance. The response scale for each item of the questionnaire was 4, 3, 2, 1, N and A corresponding respectively to 'this practice is performed to a large degree'; 'to a fair degree'; 'to a very limited degree'; 'not at all'; 'this item is not appropriate'; and 'I do not know•. Personal data such as sex, age, professional preparation, experience, as well as certain environmental factors, assisted in establishing a profile of the elementary school principal in schools of six classrooms and over. -- Results of the analysis of data for the principals revealed that, generally, principals agreed in their performance of those administrative practices relating to the control, evaluation, supervision, promotion, reporting and grouping of pupils. They displayed little consensus in their performance of those practices relating to school board relationships, selection of teachers and teacher evaluation. Principals did not encourage teachers to visit the homes of pupils, did not work with committees in the planning of new schools and did not assist the school board in determining the school budget. -- Principals were classified and compared on the bases of certain selected variables such as sex, age, professional preparation, experience, size of school, hours taught per week and the number of children served by the school board. It was concluded that, when compared on these variables, principals differed significantly in their responses to the administrative practices. -- Findings also revealed that principals and teachers differed significantly on thirty-one of the forty-nine practices. Greatest discrepancies were found in the areas of curriculum development and instructional leadership, and organization and management of the school. It was also revealed that the principals rated themselves more satisfactory than did their teachers on twenty-three of the thirty-one administrative practices displaying significant differences. -- It was generally concluded that: (a) principals do display varying degrees of performance of selected administrative practices; (b) when compared on the bases of certain selected variables, principals differ in their responses regarding the degree of performance; and (c) principals and teachers differ significantly in their responses regarding principals' degree of performance.


identifier: Lundrigan, Evelyn Mary <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lundrigan=3AEvelyn_Mary=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Report of a counselling internship at a primary and elementary school, St. John's, Newfoundland, including a research project: assessing the role and expectations of elementary school counsellors as perceived by parents.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This is a report of an eleven-week Educational Psychology (School Counselling) internship undertaken at St. Matthew's Elementary School, St. John's between Aprill9, 1999-June 25, 1999. The report consists of five sections: an overview, a research report, an analysis of the findings, summary and recommendations and personal reflections of the experience. -- Chapter one presents a general overview and summary of the internship, its goals and objectives and the activities undertaken by the intern to meet the stated goals and objectives. Chapter two looks at the research con1ponent and provides a focused look at past research in a literature review. The methodology used, is presented in this section. Chapter three takes a closer look at the research questions and the findings. Each of the six questions and respective responses are summarized. Chapter four give summary statements and recommendations gleaned from the internship and related activities. Chapter five presents a personal reflection on the internship experience from an intern with twenty-one years teaching experience in special services.


identifier: Lush, Pauline Lynn <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lush=3APauline_Lynn=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Manipulation of ovulation time in the yellowtail flounder, Limanda ferruginea storer using photothermal cues and gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) administration.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) once considered a prime candidate for aquaculture, were photothermally manipulated in an attempt to advance the ovulation time of females of this species. The success of these techniques would be highly beneficial to the broodstock management of yellowtail flounder. -- Two groups of female yellowtail flounder were held under compressed photothermal environmental laboratory conditions as an attempt to advance ovulation and spawning time. One group was administered a controlled release gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) in February, the other group was administered a sham pellet in an identical manner. A third group of fish was held under ambient photoperiod and temperature conditions. The experiment ran for two years using a different group of animals for each year. In year two, a sub-group (five females) of the ambient control fish was given a GnRH-a pellet in February. In year one a total of 6 females were used in each of the photothermally advanced group. In year two this number was increased to twelve in both photothermally treated groups. -- Throughout annual reproductive development the degree of advancement of the females was monitored using both ovarian cannulation and plasma steroids (estradiol-17P and testosterone) analysis. No significant advancement was noted in either of the photothermal manipulated groups in the oocyte diameters obtained through the cannulation or in steroid levels. -- Advanced spawning in the group photothermally manipulated and administered the GnRH-a pellet (PP-GnRH-a) was noted in March in both year one and two. The photothermally manipulated group receiving the sham pellet (PP-Sham) did not spawn in advance of the ambient control group. Egg quality parameters, based on egg viability, fertilization and hatch rates, for the PP-GnRH-a group were excellent and were significantly higher than the PP-Sham group for viability and fertilization. Egg quality for the PP-GnRH-a group was not significantly different from the ambient group of females. The PP-Sham and control group both spawned in June, which is the expected ambient spawning time for yellowtail flounder in captive conditions. A single female from the ambient group administered the GnRH-a pellet in February spawned, however egg and larval quality was extremely poor, and larvae produced from this female did not survive for more than one day post hatch. -- Further investigation is required to determine an appropriate way to advance ovulation in the yellowtail flounder using environmental cues, and to improve on general  broodstock husbandry of this species.


identifier: Luther, Kirk Gregory <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Luther=3AKirk_Gregory=3A=3A.html>   (2013) An analysis of child interviewing practices: a field study of one Canadian police organization.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Child witness and victim interviewing practices were examined in a sample of interviews (N = 45) from Canadian police officers. Specifically, the interviews were coded for introductory behaviours (e.g., building rapport), inappropriate interview behaviours (e.g., interruptions), the type of questions asked, the type of response given by the child, the length of the child's response, the number of unique central and peripheral details given by the child, and the proportion of words spoken by the interviewer(s) and child. The lengths of the complete interview and the substantive phase of the interview were also recorded. Results showed that, on average, approximately 8% of all questions asked were open-ended invitations. Open-ended invitations resulted in the longest interviewee response, along with the greatest number of central details. The implications of these findings for reforming child interview practices and the need for training and feedback systems are discussed.


identifier: Lynch, Lori Lynn M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lynch=3ALori_Lynn_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Kinetic modeling of a sour gas incinerator: an alternative study to sour gas flaring.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The gas flare process is the most common process used to dispose of waste gas generated in oil and gas operations. However, waste gas incineration has been suggested as a better alternative to gas flaring. There have been no published studies completed to assess the emissions associated with waste gas incineration or a comparison to flaring. Thus, this study has attempted to determine the emissions of waste gas incineration, particularly during well testing operations of sour gas, and make a qualitative comparison to flaring. -- Thermodynamic properties combined with kinetic data were used to simulate a detailed model that examined the likely routes of formation of several toxic species during sour gas incineration. Reactions involving oxidation products, light hydrocarbons, complex sulphur species, aromatic hydrocarbons, and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons were studied. In addition, the effects of varying inlet oxygen, flow rate, and temperature on species formation in the combustion chamber and incinerator stack were also determined. A qualitative comparison was then performed on the simulated emission results and experimental measurements of emissions from a sour gas flare.


identifier: Ma, Aihua <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ma=3AAihua=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Mutation spectrum of the APC gene in the Newfoundland patients with APC-associated polyposis conditions.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant colon cancer predisposition that results from germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. F AP shows substantial phenotypic variability: classical FAP patients develop more than 100 colorectal adenomas, whereas those with attenuated FAP (AFAP) have fewer than 100 adenomas and those with multiple adenomas present fewer than 50 polyps. The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Newfoundland is 27% higher than the national average. However, the mutation spectrum in this population has not been well characterized. Using direct DNA sequencing and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), we performed mutation scanning of the APC gene in 48 unrelated Newfoundland patients with FAP/AFAP/multiple adenomas. Three previously described and one novel truncating mutation were identified in four PAP patients (44%). Exon14 deletion was detected in one patient with AFAP (5%). Two previously known missense variants were found in 15 individuals. In addition, eight silent variants were also identified in studied patients and four of them are novel. Our results suggest: 1) the genetic predisposition to F AP in Newfoundland population is similar to that in other populations; 2) germline APC mutation may not be the major cause for AFAP; 3) the search for exonic deletion of the APC gene is necessary for mutation study on patients with AFAP.


identifier: Ma, Jingtang <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ma=3AJingtang=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Discontinuous Galerkin methods and cascading multigrid methods for integro-differential equations.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis, we focus on the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for the functional integro-differential equations and on the cascading multigrid (CMG) methods for the parabolic PDEs, Volterra integro-differential equations (VIDEs) and Fredholm equations. -- We give both a priori and a posteriori error estimates of the DG method for linear, semilinear and nonstandard VIDEs. Furthermore the superconvergence of the mesh-dependent Galerkin method for VIDEs is also considered. The fully discretized DG method for VIDEs is also analyzed. Numerical examples are provided to compare the DG method with the continuous Galerkin (CG) method and the continuous collocation (CC) method. We study the primary discontinuities of several classes of VIDEs with time dependent delays, which include the functional VIDEs of Hale's type , delay VIDEs with weakly singular kernels and delay VIDEs of neutral type (with weakly singular kernels). According to the regularity information established, we construct an adaptive DG method for functional VIDEs of Hale's type. -- Two new cascading multilevel algorithms are analyzed to the semi-linear parabolic PDEs and extended to the partial Volterra integro-differential equations (PVIDEs) and the parabolic PDEs with delays. More distinctly the cascading multigrid method could very well solve the Fredholm equations without dealing with the full stiffness matrix directly. Therefore we can save much more computing time. Most importantly, we contribute to the multigrid arts by developing an abstract cascading multigrid method in Besov spaces and a discontinuous Galerkin cascading multigrid method. We extend these methods to evolutionary equations and PVIDEs. Finally, we discuss briefly the future works on (partial) VIDEs with blow-up solutions and artificial boundary methods for PVIDEs on unbounded domains.


identifier: Ma, Kevin C.K. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ma=3AKevin_C=2EK=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2012) Population dynamics of a non-indigenous colonial ascidian tunicate in a subarctic harbour.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Botryllus schlosseri (Subphylum Tunicata: Class Ascidiacea) is a nonindigenous ascidian species of global and national interest, which has extensive populations along the south coast of insular Newfoundland. Economically, this species has been of concern to industry, management, and policymakers because non-indigenous ascidian species have been a severe and costly nuisance for bivalve aquaculture. Ecologically, the presence of this temperate-adapted species in Newfoundland represents an expansion of its global range into subarctic waters. Thus, I aimed to describe the population dynamics of B. schlosseri in Arnold's Cove, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, by determining the temporal and spatial patterns of recruitment and the seasonal cycle of colony abundance. In addition, I aimed to compile a checklist of extant indigenous and non-indigenous ascidian species of eastern Canada with an emphasis on species from Newfoundland and Labrador. -- Artificial plates were used to determine recruitment rates among three sites, depths (1.0, 2.5, and 4.0 m from the water surface), and substrate types (aluminum, PVC, and wood in 2010; only PVC in 2011), in Arnold's Cove. Concurrently, density and cover of colonies were determined from the analysis of high-definition video surveys of a belt transect of wharf pilings. Seasonal biomass production was estimated from carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios and dry weight per unit area of dissected tissue subsamples. -- The seasonal window for recruitment was from early August to mid-October. Recruitment rates were greater near the water surface than at other depths, and on PVC in comparison to aluminum and wood substrates. Maximum recruitment rates on PVC at 1.0 m were 29.3 and 43.5 m⁻²d⁻¹ in September of 2010 and 2011, respectively, coincident with maximum seasonal seawater temperatures of 16-17°C. Colonies were present year-round on pilings. In the upper subtidal zone, monthly mean cover ranged from an annual minimum of 0.6% in May to a maximum of 2.8% in October. Colony size and biomass, though not C:N ratios, had a significant seasonal signal. -- These findings suggest that recruitment was predominantly constrained by seawater temperature within the short productive season, and that the population was sustained from one year to the next because of high cover of overwintering colonies. The efficacy of utilising PVC to track recruitment of Botryllus schlosseri, and perhaps other closely related ascidian species is supported by my data. Future management of B. schlosseri should target mitigation efforts before the annual onset of sexual reproduction and recruitment in July and within the upper 3-4 m of the water column.


identifier: Ma, Liangzhuang <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ma=3ALiangzhuang=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Optimization of trawlnet codend mesh size to allow for maximal undersized fish release and a model consideration of towing time to the effects of the selection curve.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This dissertation consists of two research topics related to the fishing industry. -- First, the problem of comparing several gears occurs frequently in the fishing industry. There is a desire to determine whether the response to one or more experimental gear(s) differs from the response of a traditional gear, and, if so, to further identify which experimental gear(s) is better than the traditional gear and which is the best under certain criteria. In many fishing experiments, one often has prior knowledge that the experimental gears are at least as effective as the traditional gear, and their responses are monotonically increasing or decreasing. It is well known that utilization of this ordering information increases the efficiency of statistical inference procedures. The aim of the first part of this thesis is to give a useful statistical inference procedure for the problems met in the fishing industry by utilizing this prior information. -- Secondly, we introduce the towing time concept into the framework of gear selectivity studies. In the past, scientists have generally not considered the effects of the towing time. It is only considered since prolonged towing time may destroy the fish. Hardly any research had been done on the effects of gear selectivity and total catch by varying the towing time. In this dissertation, a new model is proposed, with its corresponding selection curve, considering the effect of towing time. This new model also generates a Sigmoid-shaped selection curve, which is different from the one generated by the traditional selection model. Based on this new model, some adjustments can be proposed in towing time, the fishing process, and gear design. These changes may be of benefit to both fishing industry and fishery management.


identifier: Ma, Yue <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ma=3AYue=3A=3A.html>   (2005) An anchor-based model for global multiple alignment of whole genome sequences.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: With the benefit of advanced biotechnology, large numbers of whole genome sequences have been compiled. Aligning whole genome sequences is a fundamentally different problem than aligning short sequences. Recently, intensive research activities have been devoted to this problem. We propose an anchor-based model for global multiple alignment of whole genome sequences. The model includes three main phases. Firstly, an enhanced suffix array method is employed to find anchors. Next, an exact chaining algorithm, which is based on the dynamic programming technique and the longest common subsequence idea, calculates an anchor-chain for the weighted anchors. Lastly, a progressive multiple alignment method is used to close the gaps between the anchors. The proposed chaining procedure is based on evolutionary theory and can align whole genome sequences not only for close homologs, but also distant species. Combined with the exact suffix array approach, this model can compute partially accurate solutions and generate a high-quality alignment result in terms of computation and biology.


identifier: Macaluso, Peter Michael <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Macaluso=3APeter_Michael=3A=3A.html>   (1971) Microsomal electron transport with NADH as donor.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: α-NADH is neither active as an electron donor when tested with several β-NADH-linked dehydrogenases, nor as a competitive inhibitor of the β-isomer in these enzyme systems. Recently, however, an α-NADH-oxidoreductase activity was found in hepatic microsomes and the soluble fraction of rat liver. -- The enzymatic oxidation of α-NADH by the hepatic microsomal electron transport system has been investigated. A comparative study of the factors responsible for the microsomal catalyzed oxidation of α- and β-NADH has implicated that the enzymatic activity of α-NADH is most likely a manifestation of isoenzyme reductases associated with the microsomal electron transport system, rather than a manifestation of a broad electron acceptor specificity of the β-NADH-linked microsomal reductases. -- Substrate specificity studies revealed that the most active electron acceptors for the -e-NADH-linked reductases are completely inactive as substrates in the α-NADH linked reductase system. -- Using cytochrome c and DCPIP as final electron acceptors it was observed that: The enzymatic oxidation of α-NADH is optimal at a more acidic pH than is β-NADH oxidation; the apparent Km values for α-NADH are somewhat higher than those for β-NADH; α-NADH oxidation is more readily inhibited by sulfhydryl group reagents and X-irradiation than is the corresponding β-NADH oxidation; after acetone extraction the enzymatic oxidation of α- and β-NADH respond differently to the addition of phospholipid micelles; TTFA readily inhibits α-NADH oxidation whereas β-NADH oxidation is relatively resistant; trypsin digestion results in a dramatic increase in the Km for α-NADH with little effect on the rate of α-NADH oxidation. In contrast, the effect on the rate of β-NADH oxidation is inactivated by trypsin with the Km for β-NADH remaining unaltered. -- DOC solubilization of microsomes followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography results in the resolution of the α- and β-NADH-DCPIP reductases. -- Evidence inconsistant with the existence of microsomal isoenzyme reductases has been described and discussed. It was observed that: α-NADH may serve as a competitive inhibitor of the β-isomer with the β-NADH-DCPIP and cytochrome c reductases; β-NAD⁺ may protect both the α- and β-NADH-DCPIP and cytochrome c reductase activities against pCMB inhibition; the lysosomal solubilization of microsomes followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and isoelectric focusing revealed that α- and β-NADH-DCPIP reductases and β-NADH-Fe(CN)₆⁻³ reductase possess identical isoelectric points. -- Hypothetical model systems illustrating the possible heterogeneity of the microsomal electron transport system has also been presented.


identifier: MacDonald, Graham Zeno <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacDonald=3AGraham_Zeno=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Foam rolling as a recovery tool following an intense bout of physical activity.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Purpose: Understand the effectiveness of foam rolling as a recovery tool following exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD), analyzing: muscle soreness, dynamic and passive range of motion (ROM), along with evoked and voluntary neuromuscular properties. -- Methods: 20 male subjects with 3+ years of strength training experience were randomly divided into either the control (CON) (n=10) or foam rolling (FR) (n=10) group. All subjects followed the same testing protocol. The only between group difference was that the FR group performed a 20-minute foam rolling exercise protocol at the end of the testing session at post-test 0, 24, and 48 hours (POST-0, POST-24, POST-48). Subjects participated in 5 testing sessions: [1] orientation and 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) back squat, [2] pre-test measurements (PRE), 10 x 10 squat protocol (weight: 60% 1 RM, tempo: 4,1,1,1) with 2 minutes rest between sets, and post-test measurements (POST-0), along with measurements at: [3] POST-24, [4] POST-48, and [5] POST-72. Test measurements included: thigh girth, muscle soreness, range of motion (ROM), evoked and voluntary contractile properties, vertical jump, along with perceived pain (FR-pain) and reaction forces (FR-force) while foam rolling. -- Results: Thigh girth showed no substantial between group differences at all time points. FR substantially reduced muscle soreness at all time points while substantially improving ROM. FR negatively affected evoked contractile properties (twitch force, rate of force development, and potentiated twitch force) with the exception of half-relaxation time (½RT) and electromechanical delay (EMD). ½RT showed no substantial between group differences at all time points, while FR substantially improved EMD. Voluntary contractile properties showed no substantial between group differences for all measurements besides voluntary muscle activation, with FR substantially improving muscle activation at all time points. FR improved functional movement, with substantial between group differences in vertical jump height. When performing the five FR exercises at the three time points (POST-0, POST-24, POST-48), subjects FR-force ranged between 26-46kg (32-55% of subjects' body weight) with FR-pain measurements (based on NRS) ranging between 2.5-7.5 pts. -- Conclusion: The most important findings of the present study were that FR was beneficial in attenuating muscle soreness while improving vertical jump height, muscle activation, and passive and dynamic ROM in comparison to CON. FR negatively impacted a number of evoked contractile properties of the muscle, except for ½RT and EMD, indicating that FR benefits are primarily accrued through neural responses and connective tissue.


identifier: MacDonald, Ivan J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacDonald=3AIvan_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1988) The instructional development of a handbook on computer-assisted language learning.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Rapid developments in technology have fostered the introduction of the microcomputer into many areas of education including the teaching of French language. Many software materials ranging from drill-and-practice to game and simulation programs have been developed to meet the needs of second language students. Yet, a survey of Newfoundland French Language teachers by Hoskins (1988) revealed that only 5.6% of these teachers were using the computer as an instructional tool. Teachers identified a need for computer knowledge and experience, and for instruction on the application of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and on selection and evaluation of software. -- Based upon the needs identified in the survey by Hoskins (1988), a handbook was developed to serve as a reference source for second language teachers interested in applying CALL to their classrooms. The development of this handbook was based on the "4-D" model of instructional development. -- The handbook consists of six major sections. The components and operation of the computer are presented in two sections: a) The Microcomputer System (Basic), and b) The Microcomputer System (Advanced). The third section presents some of the inherent features of the microcomputer. Various aspects of CALL software including types and application of CALL software, and the evaluation and selection of software are presented in section four. Section five presents some of the limitations of CALL and section six presents some of the future prospects of computer-assisted language learning. -- The handbook was tested through use with a sample population of 14 French teachers enrolled in a summer session methodology course at Memorial University. Teachers were given a criterion-referenced test in a pretest/post-test situation in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the package. Results of the testing indicated that the handbook was successful in meeting its objectives. In general, 80% of teachers reached 80% or better performance in the post-test. -- The thesis concludes with some recommendations for use of the handbook, as well as for the development of further instructive material to aid French teachers in the province to improve their knowledge and ability to use CALL in the classroom.


identifier: MacDonald, Judy E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacDonald=3AJudy_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Untold stories: women, in the helping professions, as sufferers of chronic pain (re)storying (dis)ability.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Chronic pain and (dis)Ability leaves one struggling for normalcy, trying to make sense out of the fundamental operations of one's body, the meaning of suffering and the social construction of wellness. Within this research the "untold" was brought into the realm of the "told," for most of the women had never before storied their own experiences of living with chronic pain, dealing with the medical system, or connecting their personal pain and (dis)Ability with their helping roles. -- Set within a postmodern anti-oppressive theoretical framework, the guiding research question was, how can the stories of women in the helping professions, who are sufferers of chronic pain and (dis)Ability, inform an anti-oppressive approach to social work practice in working with sufferers? Six sufferers participated, two physicians, two nurses and two social workers, providing a cross-disciplinary lens to their experiences. A narrative testimonial methodology was employed, whereby the person who testified had struggled for survival and the reader, through witnessing their strife, was called to act. -- The women's stories of life with pain were a testament to their struggles and experiences of oppression, told from locations of vulnerability, strength, and resilience. Personal findings called for a reconceptualization of psychological pain theories, redefining sick-role behaviors as strategic coping mechanisms. Professional findings identified the need for structural transformation in meeting the needs of sufferers, such as believe the sufferer's account of her pain, work from a sufferer-centered approach, challenge dominant discourses that pathologize or blame the sufferer and bring forward systemic changes. Systemic changes included more immediate and inclusive access to services, classification of pain as disabling and compensatory, and extensive education on pain for service providers and families. Ultimately, social work and other helping professions need to find ways to learn from sufferers, to listen to their stories, deriving insight from their know ledges, in order to more effectively attend to their health care needs.


identifier: MacDonald, Sarah <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacDonald=3ASarah=3A=3A.html>   (2011) A field study of police officers' use of the cognitive interview before and after training.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Witness interviewing practices were examined in a sample of interviews (N=80) from Canadian police officers. Specifically, interviews were analyzed to determine whether (and to what extent) a cognitive interviewing course improved officers’ interviewing practices. Interviews conducted by trained investigators generally contained better interviewing behaviours than those conducted by un-trained investigators. Most importantly, trained investigators displayed approximately double the amount of engage and explain behaviours than those who were un-trained. In addition, trained investigators asked more appropriate question types, and fewer inappropriate questions than investigators who were un-trained. The implications for implementing this cognitive interview training are discussed.


identifier: Machin, Lisa <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Machin=3ALisa=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Public and private customs in the military: a case study of the observance of Remembrance Day by 56 Field Engineer Squadron, St. John's, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The military is an occupation with its own culture and identity, of which only a small part is visible to the public. The focus of this thesis is the November 11th Remembrance Day celebrations of 56 Field Engineer Squadron (FES) in St. John's, Newfoundland as a cultural performance that has both public and private aspects. This thesis will show that both the public and the private Remembrance Day celebrations of 56 FES are culturally appropriate and equally important to their observance of this day, that these performances communicate different aspects of the group's occupational identity to both members and non-members, and that such customs serve to integrate unit members by differentiating them from non-members, be they civilian or other military units or branches.


identifier: MacIntyre, April D. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacIntyre=3AApril_D=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) House and home: Scottish domestic architecture in Nova Scotia and the Rev. Norman McLeod Homestead.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is a study of the vernacular architecture and material culture of early nineteenth-century Scottish immigrants to Nova Scotia through the excavation and analysis of an early domestic site in Cape Breton. The built environment of the Norman McLeod homestead is interpreted from a social and political standpoint to demonstrate the position the house occupied in relation to the rest of the site and the community in general. The physical manifestation of the house is interpreted through the excavation of architectural remains and spatial patterning of artifacts, and shows that the McLeod house was likely an early Cape Breton example of a style adapted from the New England states.


identifier: Mackey, Thomas R. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mackey=3AThomas_R=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Laboratory indentation testing of polycrystalline ice: an investigation of fracture.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: For industries working in artic and sub artic waters ice load is a major concern. Ice has an inherently varying mechanical nature related to material randomness caused by such things as internal flaws, grain size variation, varying growth history, varying temperature, among others. Due to theses uncertainties, accurate estimation of ice load is difficult. The objective of this report is to present the results of a laboratory test program designed to increase the knowledge of the material behaviour of ice. Work such as this will eventually allow the high degree of conservatism in ice load estimates to be reduced, leading to more economical design. -- The report provides a relevant review of ice mechanics and ice load design. For design, two pressure area relationships are shown, one for local area and one for the global area. These are probabilistic tools, based on full scale data; this is currently necessary due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms occurring during an ice-structure interaction process. Presently there exists an inability to effectively predict the behaviour of ice using physics based numerical models. -- The main objective of the report is to describe and present the results from an indentation test series completed as a joint collaboration between Memorial University and The Institute for Ocean Technology. The series consisted of small scale indentation tests (see test matrix below) designed to provide insight into the changing behaviour of ice under varying loading conditions. It is believed that an indention test can be used as a model of a spatially stationary, single, high pressure zone. It is proposed that a strong understanding of the mechanics occurring during an indention test can be used to further understand full scale interactions of ice with structures, which consist of many high pressure zones randomly distributed across the area of interaction. -- [table omitted] -- A high speed video camera was used in the analysis of the tests; this is a recent development in the study of ice mechanics in the laboratory arising from past observations during load tests in which qualitatively suggested that ejected ice appeared to be linked to load trace spike/drop sequences. The high speed imagery was used to correlate load trace events (i.e. load spikes/drop sequences, etc.) with visual events. It was shown that large fractures or spalls are correlated with load drop spikes. It has also been demonstrated that "spiky" load graphs are related to repetitious spalling throughout the test (effective clearing of material from under the indenter) while smoother load graphs are related to continuous but small extrusion (ineffective clearing of material form the indenter). -- Post test analysis of the tested samples (thin sectioning) provided evidence of damage mechanisms during testing. Evidence for micro-cracking, inter-grain boundary cracking, crushing, and recrystallization were all present in zone beneath the indenter. This is consistent with the current mechanics description of a high pressure zone, providing confidence in the current ice structure interaction models.


identifier: MacKinnon, Richard Paul <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacKinnon=3ARichard_Paul=3A=3A.html>   (1990) Vernacular architecture in the Codroy Valley: local and external influences on the development of a building tradition.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines the vernacular architecture tradition of one region of Canada, the Codroy Valley, Newfoundland, and is based on a wide range of both field and archival materials. The important factors in the development of this building tradition were: cultural antecedents, economics, international fashion, mass housing and local traditions. -- The first important influence on Codroy Valley building was the cultural homeland of Cape Breton Island, the area from where Codroy Valley settlers migrated in the mid-nineteenth century. The first generation architecture in this antecedent district was much different from that found in the Old World. Most buildings of this period in Cape Breton Island were made of wood and employed log and frame construction along with new world floorplans. While the origins of some building patterns such as the use of squared and chinked horizontal log construction are questionable, they obviously developed in the new world. Nevertheless, one persistent element of old world architectural tradition remained--the use of the kitchen as the largest and most important room of the dwelling house. -- When settlers migrated from Cape Breton Island and established their homes in the Codroy Valley, diffusion of architectural traits occurred. Log construction was carried over to be used in houses and has continued to be evident in many barns and outbuildings. The frame construction tradition established in Cape Breton Island likewise continued in Newfoundland; it is fair to say that at the time of migration Codroy Valley builders chose to build the kinds of buildings they were familiar with in Cape Breton Island. -- While the antecedent area of Cape Breton island exerted much influence on Codroy Valley architecture, another source area was the coastal fishing settlement of Codroy. Predominantly English and protestant by the mid-eighteenth century, Codroy village was a source region for small, one and one-half storey frame dwellings and provided early Codroy Valley settlers with a knowledge of fishing technology. -- Economics was yet another important factor in the shaping of this building tradition. As the economic stability of the farming community increased in the latter years of the nineteenth century, newer architectural patterns began to be accepted. No longer were residents willing to rely solely upon the older ways of building, but were instead adopting more modern house types-the international fashions of the time. But the community did not reject the old and totally accept the new; rather, they reacted conservatively to the introduction of these international fashions, accepting some of the features, and ignoring others. What resulted from this amalgam was a unique blend of traditional and modern housing, a mixture which makes Codroy Valley architecture distinctive. -- As the twentieth century developed mass housing forms began to infiltrate the region, but residents chose again to accept only a small number of these outside forms. Of the wide variety of mass housing available, residents selectively borrowed only a few templates, and modified these to suit their own requirements. -- While mass housing forms influenced the region, so too did local traditions. One common traditional activity in the district was the altering and moving of buildings for a variety of reasons. The house moving and modification reveals that vernacular architecture is not inert but is rather, organic in nature. A close study of one farm in Great Codroy shows that farms were also dynamic, being extensively modified with the passage of time, as well as the place where much of Codroy Valley living and working occurred. Cultural traditions, too, affected the architecture; occasions such as weddings, wakes, mummering, millings and visiting and the kinds of social events accompanying these traditions meant that appropriate spaces were allocated in the region's dwellings to hold such traditional activities. -- Ultimately this thesis is about people--the people of the Codroy Valley--and how they manipulate their physical and natural environment. This study can assist others, including developers, builders, planners or citizens, in making decisions about the future architectural needs of the many rural communities of Canada.


identifier: MacLeod, Marion Christine <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacLeod=3AMarion_Christine=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Raising the bar: the reciprocal roles and deviant distinctions of music and alcohol in Acadiana.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The role of alcohol in musical settings is regularly relegated to that of incidental bystander, but its pervasive presence as object, symbol or subject matter in Acadian and Cajun performance contexts highlights its constructive capacity in the formation of Acadian and Cajun musical worlds. Individual and collective attitudes towards alcohol consumption implicate a wide number of cultural domains which, in this work, include religious display, linguistic development, respect for social conventions, and the historically-situated construction of identities. This research uses alcohol as an interpretive lens for ethnomusicological understanding and, in so doing, questions the binaries of marginal and mainstream, normal and deviant, sacred and profane, traditional and contemporary, sober and inebriated. Attitudes towards alcohol are informed by, and reflected in, all of these cultural conflicts, highlighting how agitated such categorizations can be in lived culture. Throughout the dissertation, I combine the historical examples of Harry Choates and Cy à Mateur with ethnographic examinations of culturally-distinct performative habits, attitudes toward Catholicism, and compositional qualities. Compiling often incongruous combinations of discursive descriptions and enacted displays, my research suggests that opposition actually confirms interdependence. -- Central to this study is an assertion that levels of cultural competence in Cajun Louisiana and Acadian Nova Scotia are uneven and that the repercussions of this unevenness are musically and behaviourally demonstrated. Rather than challenging binaries outright, I highlight a Cajun and Acadian comfort with ironic, indirect communication to prove that there is more interpretive space than binaries alone allow. The capacity for each participant to engage with a musical moment and/or with another participant depends on each participant's availability, and availability is determined by factors that range from the highly personal to the meta-social. The presented musical occasions provide interpretive room for multiple simultaneous communities of meaning-makers and performers' intentions are sent, received, and responded to in widely divergent ways. Music, alcohol, and indirection-particularly in combination demonstrate the affective potential of social criticism to alter musical meaning, but more than this they outline points of cultural intersection. Certainly, alcohol-affected musical environments are an expression of culture insofar as their patterns are learned, culturally affected, and can operate according to autonomous sets of relations. But ultimately this research proves that alcohol’s musical influence is simultaneously governed by highly individualized preferences, motivations and effects. Drinking is essentially a social act, but the fact that the act is performed in a recognized social context does not demand that all participants have an equal relationship towards it or a single view as to its capacities.