title: Life Cycle Effects on Residential Area Evaluation

contributor:
Papageorgiou, G.J.
Taylor, S.M.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
This study examines the effects of the family life cycle on residential area evaluation. The analysis is based on a revised conceptualization of residential area evaluation that departs from previous research in two respects. First, life cycle status is hypothesized to affect two components of the evaluation process: residential area aspirations and the evaluation function. Residential area aspirations designate the attributes desired in the area immediately adjacent to a house. The evaluation function describes how aspirations are integrated with information about alternative areas. It is hypothesized that life cycle effects on the evaluation function result from changes in residential area aspirations through the life cycle. Second, the family life cycle is hypothesized to affect residential area aspirations through changes in leisure activities and differences in residential history.

These hypotheses were tested with data collected from a questionnaire survey of married women in Hamilton, Ontario. The sample was chosen to control for variations in social characteristics other than life cycle status. The relative importance of residential area aspirations was measured by explicit pairwise comparisons of 16 residential area attributes.

The results generally support the hypotheses, albeit weakly in some cases. Life cycle effects on residential area preferences were in the expected direction, but they were not statistically significant. This was due to the bias introduced by using photographs to elicit preferences.

Life cycle status was found to have significant effects on both components of the evaluation process. The importance of eight residential area attributes was related significantly to stage in the life cycle. There was agreement through the life cycle on the most and least important residential area attributes. Life cycle effects on residential area aspirations reflected changes in child care responsibilities. Women who had completed the parental career assigned less importance to spaciousness. Access to shops and to people of similar social background assumed more importance. The accuracy of the linear compensatory evaluation function declined through the life cycle.

Changes in leisure activities through the life cycle were found to have a major influence on residential area aspirations. Specifically, the family life cycle affects aspirations through desires for local participation in leisure activities during the child-rearing stages of the life cycle. Changes in the desired frequency of participation in leisure activities through the life cycle primarily had an independent influence on aspirations.

Residential history was of minor importance in explaining the effects of life cycle status on residential area aspirations. Changes in the length of residence in owned and single family houses were the only aspects of residential history which contributed to life cycle effects on aspirations. The result suggest that the relationship between residential history and aspirations reported in previous studies is due to variations in present housing type. In this study, where the majority of women lived in owned single family houses, prior residential experience had little effect on aspirations.

Overall, the results show that the family life cycle has significant effects on residential evaluation beyond its well documented influence on desires for dwelling space. Changes in family roles rather than household size emerged as the most important dimension of life cycle status. These life cycle effects extend beyond the transition from the childless to the child-rearing periods of the life cycle. The return to a childless household has equally significant effects on residential area evaluation. These results extend and clarify our understanding of the effects of the family life cycle on the evaluation of residential locations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Redemption Paradigms in Books I, II and VI of The Faerie Oueene

contributor:
Cain, T.H.
English

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: In Books I, II and VI of The Faerie Oueene, the knights quest to capture or destroy those monsters which threaten the good of society. As such, the knights play the role of social redeemers -- to varying degrees of success. In Chapter One I examine how Spenser conveys Book I's needed redemption as national by drawing on Virgilian and biblical paradigms, the legend of Arthur and, perhaps most importantly, the very immediate historical context in which he is writing. In Chapter Two, I tum to Book II where the needed redemption has moved to the personal, specifically the family and the body. Here Spenser draws on Herculean analogues to express the problematic aspects of such redemptions. In Chapter Three my focus is Book VI. Here Spenser evokes the ambivalence of the Hercules figure to convey the difficulties of redeeming civilization from a centrally human flaw: envy. It is through study of these redemption paradigms in Books I, II and VI that we come to a further understanding of how The Faerie Oueene maintains a tenancy between the active life and the contemplative life.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Through Thick and Thin: A Regional Comparison of Harpoon Heads from Thule Sites in Nunavut, Canada

contributor:
Ramsden, P. G.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: In 1969170 Robert McGhee first suggested the existence of regional social groups in Thule culture. Under the assumption that such social groupings would be reflected in the distribution of material culture, this study aims to investigate McGhee's hypothesis using one artifact class of Thule culture: harpoon heads. The study looks at harpoon heads from all published Thule sites from across the territory of Nunavut, in arctic Canada. The harpoon heads are broken down into individual attributes, and the regional distribution of each attribute is considered in an attempt to find patterning across space. Rather than confirming the existence of regional social groupings, the patterns discovered suggest a culture continuum moving from west to east across the Canadian arctic. This research is preliminary in nature, and opens a new forum for debate in Canadian arctic archaeology.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Industrial Co-partnership, Labour Unrest and the Last Liberal Government

contributor:
Rempel, R. A.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
Industrial co-partnership schemes have, in the British context, been previously presented in two ways. On the one hand, co-partnership has been regarded as a labour policy practised by a significant minority of Victorian employers. This body of opinion also maintains that the policy did not attract the attention of government, indeed, it remained a purely extra-parliamentary issue. In contrast, co-partnership has also been interpreted as the product of enlightened government planning -- a novel element of the reconstruction plans laid-down during the Great War. The primary concern of the present study if to demonstrate that co-partnership aroused considerable interest in parliamentary and government circles in the immediate pre-war period.

The identification of a significant degree of official pre-war interest in co-partnership will, it is hoped, be of value in relation to at least two areas of research. Firstly the present study sheds some much-needed light on a crucial turning point in the relationship between government and industry. In 1911, owing to a serious breakdown in industrial relations, the Liberal government, contrary to established practice, acknowledged that they had a duty to initiate appropriate counter-measures. The few studies of the period which make note of this important departure concentrate -- normally to the exclusion of any other official responses to the labour problem -- on the setting-up of the Industrial Council as an experimental high court of industrial relations. Other measures were, however, seriously investigated by the Government, and their implementation given careful consideration; one such measure was industrial co-partnership.

Secondly, the present study puts forward a number of important amendments to the conclusions of previous research into co-partnership. Any comprehensive investigation of co-partnership as a parliamentary issue or as government policy must, it is clear, take the period 1905- 1914 for its starting point and not, as was previously maintained, 1916 and the start of reqonstruction planning. Furthermore, official interest in co-partnership and the introduction of schemes in private industry were not, as previous research implied, independent developments; the experience of co-partnership employers lay at the root of interest in Whitehall and at Westminster.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The McLeod Site: A Small Paleo-Indian Occupation in Southwestern Ontario

contributor:
Muller, Joseph
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis deals with the Early Paleo-Indian (EPI) component at the McLeod site. It explores issues of regional paleoecology for southern Ontario, and relationships among tool and lithic assemblages with respect to site size and activities. These topics are examined on a regional scale, placing the McLeod site within an environmental and cultural context.

Data were compiled from 130 pollen sites in southern Ontario and adjacent areas, and critical percentages in the pollen profiles of Betula, Picea, Pinus, and non-arboreal pollen dated and evaluated by interpolation. Proposed vegetation colonization and succession patterns were confirmed using quadratic surface trend analysis, and evidence of old carbon in poorer-grade 14C samples validated the date evaluations. Fossil Coleoptera, oxygen isotope and faunal data were combined with these results to synthesize a vegetation chronology, and review paleoecological and subsistence implications for the EPI occupation in the southern Ontario post-glacial.

McLeod site lithic tools and debitage were analyzed using established typologies, with data from other EPI sites compiled and standardized for comparison. The root of variation in tool assemblages, reflecting site activity specialization or being a function of sample size, was studied in two ways. First, relationships among size, richness, evenness, and heterogeneity in tool kits were analyzed, determining that only site size and richness are weakly related. Second, a study comparing tool and lithic debitage assemblages concluded that they are closely related. Activity variation rather than sample size accounts for assemblage variation in both analyses.

These analyses identify McLeod as a small, Parkhill complex site within the EPI tradition in southern Ontario. It comprises two large clusters and three ephemeral scatters, yielding a very rich tool assemblage that indicates generalized site activities. It is likely a base camp, unique in its higher degree of richness for its small size. The site was located at the headwaters of a pro-glacial lake estuary, ca 1 km from the lake, set in spruce-parkland vegetation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Theoretical Examination of Revolutionary Iran

contributor:
Stein, Michael
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: The advent of the Iranian revolution has provided social scientists with another example of rapid social transformation. An important feature of the revolution was the role of the clergy in leading the successful revolution against the apparently stable regime of the Shah, and in establishing an Islamic Republic in Iran. Most theories of revolution fail to address the role of culture in social processes. In his book, Revolution and the Transformation of Societies, S.N. Eisenstadt makes culture into a usable variable. Eisenstadt's five categories provide a schema to analyze the international, political, economic, social and cultural factors which contributed to the Shah's downfall, as well as the outcome of the revolution. The clergy emerge as a disembedded elite motivated by both symbolic and material interests. They led a revolutionary movement which demanded social and political reforms while asserting their Islamic identity.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Paul Tillich and Carl Jung: A Dialogue Between Theology and Psychology

contributor:
Krocker, T.
Religious Studies

subject:
Religious Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract: This thesis explores the relationship between theology and psychology through a reflection on the thought of Paul Tillich and Carl lung. Tillich' s formal theological method -- the method of correlation -- provides a framework for understanding the relationship between these disciplines and serves as the basic structure of this thesis. According to the method of correlation, the relationship between psychology and theology is correlative; they speak to each other as question and answer. Consequently, I attempt to determine the degree to which lung's psychological analysis of the human condition and the questions implied in this analysis can be correlated with Tillich's theological answers. This exercise begins with an examination of the method of correlation in which I argue that correlation is not, for Tillich, a simple pairing of psychological questions and theological answers, but an exercise which involves a critical examination of the questions. Such an examination serves to draw them into the "theological circle." According to lung, the questions implied in the human condition are questions about alienated existence. In a critical examination of this position, I argue that the symptoms of alienation identified by lung actually point to a more serious condition than he acknowledges -- a condition which not only involves alienation from our own being, but also alienation from the being of God. This draws lung's position into the theological circle. Tillich's theological answer to this condition of complete alienation is the New Being in Jesus as the Christ. Although lung offers a potent criticism of the symbol of Christ as an answer to the human condition, Tillich's position is capable of responding to this criticism and therefore stands as a powerful response to the questions implied in lung's analysis.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Interprovincial Migrations in China: an Analysis Based on the 1990 Census

contributor:
Liaw, Kao-Lee
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Using the data from the 1990 census, this thesis studies interprovincial migration in China between 1985-90 and interprets these migrations in terms of socioeconomic development and migration policies. The main findings included the following.

1. Due to the relaxation of government intervention and the shifts of economic activities from the interior to the east and from rural to urban areas, both strong urban-ward and eastward trends characterize the interprovincial migrations.

2. Compared with females, males have greater migration propensities and their migrations depend more on personal attributes and employment-related factors in destinations than on local socioeconomic, especially living, conditions. Thus, while female migrants show an unidirectional eastward trend, male migrants dispaly not only a strong eastward but also a substantial westward trend.

3. Choice of migration reasons largely depends on both personal and place attributes. For marriage and job transfer migrants, their migrations are mainly oriented toward better living conditions and thus show a strong eastward trend. However, since job transfer migrants are subject to the strongest government control, their eastward trend was substantially weakened. For manual work & commerce migrants, while the shortage of job opportunities is the strongest origin push factor, the availability of employment opportunities in the urban informal labor market is the most important destination pull force. Thus, their migration shows both significant eastward and westward tendencies.

4. As for migrations in the city-town-rural system, first, the government's encouragement of downward migrations has little effect. Second, inter-city migrations show a substantial eastward trend and represent the second largest migration flow due to the greater ease of permanent lateral migration between cities. Third, while government control on permanent upward migration is still effective, the temporary migration policy issued in 1984 helps make temporary upward migrations from rural counties to cities the largest migration stream. Finally, it is difficult to direct upward migration from cities to towns, because towns have much fewer economic opportunities and lower quality of life than cities.

5. With the application of the concept of the neutral migration process to the observed migrations, first, for the seven provinces containing surplus labourers and also constituting the largest net losers, not only their departure rates are higher than the corresponding neutral levels, but they also get less than their fair shares of migrants from other provinces. In this way, their employment pressure could be expected to be alleviated gradually. Second, for most eastern developed provinces, not only do they get more than their fair shares of migrants from other provinces, but also their departure rates are lower than the corresponding neutral levels. As long as the gap of economic growth remains and the temporary migration policy is still effective, the strong eastward tendency would be inevitable. Finally, due to its remote location and low living standard, nine out of twelve remote provinces show a higher departure rate than the corresponding neutral level, reflecting their residents' strong will to depart. However, it is also a welcoming sign that seven out of twelve remote provinces attract more than their fair share of outmigrants (especially manual work & commerce outmigrants) from provinces with surplus labourers.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Are Politicians Rational Actors? Political Careers in the Canadian House of Commons

contributor:
Atkinson, Michael
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: [missing page 226]

abstract:
Conventional analysis suggests that the Canadian House of Commons suffers from a lack of experienced parliamentarians. This thesis attempts to provide an analysis of political careers in Canada, and suggests that not all careers are of such a short duration. An initial analysis of Canadian political careers found some evidence to support the argument that there is little opportunity for advancement within Parliament, and that this affects the choices individuals make about staying in political life. Politicians who made it to cabinet have had longer careers than MPs who spent their entire career as a private member.

An analysis of exit patterns of politicians however, found that advancement within Parliament is not the only inducement for a long political career. MPs, both cabinet ministers and backbenchers, who leave parliament by choice tend to leave after a career that is much longer than that of members who leave through electoral defeat. This indicates that a number of MPs are not making decisions to leave office, based on their inability to receive quick promotions to positions of authority (namely cabinet or positions of authority within their parties).

The thesis concludes by suggesting that the rational choice model has helped our understanding of political careers, but does not offer an encompassing explanation. It is suggested that future work in this field should examine the role that institutions (Parliament and parties) play in structuring MPs views about the attractions of pursuing a career in the Canadian House of Commons.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: English First Fruits

contributor:
Alsop, J.D.
History

subject: History History

abstract: This study examines the administration and collection of first fruits by the English Crown between 1535 and 1660. Following an overview of the administration of ecclesiastical taxation, attention is devoted to its social and financial effects upon the beneficed clergy. The process of compounding for payment and the related search for sureties provided useful insight into the social milieu of the lower clergy. The inability of some clerics to meet their first fruits obligations led to a growing problem of debt, which taxed the early modern financial administration. Although the thesis focuses on the burden of first fruits on the lower beneficed clergy, the plight of bishops obliged to meet first fruits payments is also examined. For the Crown first fruits represented a significant source of revenue, while for the English clergy they constituted a serious financial burden.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Teaching Proclamation

contributor:
lrvine, Andrew
Divinity College

subject:
divinity college
Religion
Religion

abstract: This thesis considers how Christian ministers and other Christian workers may be trained to communicate the Christian message through public speaking, in a way that is Biblically sound, culturally appropriate and p edagogically inforrn ed. The data base for the thesis is a group of staff and students of Inter- Varsity Christian Fellowship Canada who attended a training conference in evangelism in November 1995. Twenty-two of the delegates to this conference who opted to receive training in evangelistic speaking returned a questionnaire on their understanding and practice of evangelistic speaking. The results of this questionnaire were considered from four perspectives: Biblical material on evangelism and evangelistic speaking; current missiological considerations; contemporar5r cultural trends, particularly the growth of postmodernism; and recent writings in tl.e area of pedagogr. The conclusion proposes a model for training evangelistic speakers in the light of this material, a model which may be applied in parachurch and seminary settings.

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Human Locomotion

contributor:
Siddall, J.N.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
This study is a theoretical investigation of the process of human locomotion. It is restricted to the lower limbs and includes the major muscles of the legs.

A mathematical model is presented incorporating some of the findings of earlier investigators of locomotion dynamics and of muscular control. The underlying hypothesis is that locomotion is an optimal control process governed by a minimum energy condition. Pontryagin's Maximum Principle is used to implement this optimality criterion. The model is then programmed for evaluation on a high speed digital computer.

The results of the computer simulation are presented along with experimental verification of the findings. The close agreement between the two suggests that the model is an analytical tool that may be used as a foundation for programs of Functional Electro-Stimulation as aids for the physically handicapped.

Included are further suggestions regarding the application of the model to other biomedical problems as well as recommendations for extensions of the work to broaden the scope of utility.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Ecologic Analysis of Childhood Cancer Mortality in Ontario 1976 -1985

contributor:
Taylor, S. M.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Geographical variation in human cancer has been well documented among the populations of various areas. Past research on childhood cancer incidence and mortality, however, is inconclusive regarding the spatial variability and associated determinants of cancer in this population sub-group. This thesis examines childhood cancer mortality in Ontario from 1976 to 1985. An initial discussion of the differences between childhood and adult cancer, an overview of previous investigations of geographical variations in childhood cancer and a review of the broad range of correlates of pediatric cancer considered in the literature are provided. Then, using the ecologic study design, county level mortality rates were analysed for all sites combined over the ten year period for ages 0 to 19 by gender. Geographic analysis using maps, spatial autocorrelation, correlation and regression analyses, and an evaluation of regression residuals were used to examine the relationship between childhood cancer standardized mortality ratios and a set of 17 environmental and socio-demographic variables, including: ethnicity, urbanization, parental occupation and income.

The specific objectives of the research were: (a) to describe county level rates of childhood cancer mortality in Ontario for the period 1976 to 1985; (b) to analyse spatial variations in pediatric cancer mortality; (c) to determine to what extent those variations are related to variations in selected ecologic variables; and, (d) to comment on future directions for research in childhood cancer epidemiology.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Life-Cycle Model For Homogeneous Churches

contributor:
Brackney, William H.
Divinity College

abstract: A LIFE-CYCLE MODEL FOR HOMOGENEOUS CHURCHES Affirming the important contribution of sociological analysis to the study of "church communities," this primarily bi-disciplinary work reflects more the methodology of sociological analysis than theological reflection. Multidisciplinary in nature, the writer draws on resources from a number of academic disciplines. The purpose is to create an adequate life-cycle model to facilitate the study of homogeneous churches in Canada. The paper contributes to existing literature on models of community that have been applied to the study of churches and broadens the scope by focusing on homogeneous churches where no adequate life-cycle model for their study appears to exist. Special attention is given to the "Moberg Model." After examining existing analytical models; applying them to a specific homogeneous congregation, namely, Holy Ghost Slovak Greek Catholic Church in Welland, Ontario and demonstrating that the existing models are inadequate for this church, the author takes the reader through the process of adequate model development. The paper provides essential background information [history, theology and polity] on the Byzantine Catholic Church in general and Holy Ghost Slovak Greek Catholic Church in particular, prior to the engagement of the reader in the model development process.During the process the reader is exposed to the most significant issues in the lifecycle of Holy Ghost Slovak Greek Catholic Church. A strategic process of review, development and implementation [RDI] is demonstrated in order to back up the theoretical "Homogeneous Model" with a means of practical application. The establishment of a Cooperative Evaluation and Development Of Church Systems [CEDCS] is proposed; suggestions are given for further research and an extensive bibliography is provided. The ultimate purpose of this work is to impact positively on meeting the needs of communities served by homogeneous churches in Canada. The model is proffered as a tool for "needs response ministry."

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: Corktown, 1832 - 1847: The Founding of Hamilton's Pre-Famine Catholic Irish Settlement

contributor:
Gagan, D. P.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
The historiography of Irish migration to British North America in the nineteenth-century has centred predominantly on those migrants who were exiled from Ireland after the Great Famine, 1845-1850. However, a significant number of Irishmen, both Protestant and Catholic, arrived in the Canadas emigrants by choice in the years leading up to the Great Hunger. Their emigrations were often part of family economic strategies and, as such, they arrived in North America with a greater capability for early success. Irish-Canadian historiography, moreover, has focussed primarily on rural settlement, by far the most common choice of Irish migrants in the Canadas. Yet, a significant number of Irishmen did settle in the growing urban centres of nineteenth-century Canada. Research on these migrants has remained undone in the writing of the social history of Canadian immigration. They were anomalous, both as pre-Famine newcomers and as urban dwellers, and in effect, this has been reflected in the broader historiography.

This thesis is a study of the Catholic Irish in one specific urban locale, "Corktown", in Hamilton, Upper Canada, from 1832 to 1847. Irish migrants settled here in this early period establishing an economic and cultural foothold for their countrymen who arrived later in dire circumstances. They founded a neighbourhood out of a series of cluster settlement areas in the southeastern part of the town. Upon this, they built a community whose cultural cohesion was manifest in their Catholic Church, st. Mary's, and in Corktown's taverns, market and merchant shops, and associational life. Because of their uniqueness, and not in spite of it, the urban Catholic Irish in Corktown provide an interesting topic, and a new direction in the historiography of the Irish-Canadians.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Reason, Faith, and Religious Unity: A Study of the Thought of William Chillingworth

subject: History History

abstract:
The intent of this study is to illuminate specific aspects of William Chillingworth' s thought, particularly his position on the importance of reason in religion and the necessity of religious unity. This encompasses his rejection of Catholic infallibility, tradition and the Fathers of the church, in his attempt to abolish all religious authority except that of individual reason. The centrality of scripture is emphasized as the only rule of faith, and Chillingworth argued that the fundamentals of faith contained in the bible could be apprehended by any searching person. This position led Chillingworth to argue that individual reason was the ultimate authority in religious matters, and he rejected the idea that people could be told what to believe as fundamental to salvation. By this Chillingworth intended to make the church open to all who professed themselves Christians, but was labelled a heretic for his efforts. The result of his thinking led Chillingworth into some difficulties in that he could not reconcile the belief that there were fundamentals of faith necessary to be believed for salvation with the position that no one could be told what was required to attain it. The final chapter attempts to show the continuity of Chillingworth's thought after his death. Chillingworth' s influence on the Latitudinarian movement, of which he was considered to be the 'fountain-head', grew out of the civil wars and interregnum and came into prominence in the 1660s and 1670s.

Modem religious liberalism can be seen to have had its beginnings in Chillingworth's rationalism which called for a permissive church. Moreover, the importance of Chillingworth is found in his conception of reason, which he considered to be a critical faculty, and therefore he can be seen as the precursor to the rationalism of Locke and the Enlightenment. Therefore, a study of his reason is integral to an understanding of the changes occurring in seventeenth-century thought.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Middle Powers and Development Assistance: Cases of Australia, Canada and Sweden

contributor:
Nossal, Kim Richard
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: The foreign policy of a state accounts for its activities, attitudes and behaviour toward other sovereign political units existing in the international community. Historically the pinnacle of responsibility for the formation of foreign policy has varied. With the advent of democratically elected governments in the western world, this responsibility has befallen on the elected governing party. In the democratic west a newly elected government can theoretically alter the foreign policy program inherited from previous administrations. In actual practice a governing party operates in an environment of constraining forces which limit the ability of an administration to substantially deviate from existing foreign policy. This thesis by addressing the formulation of foreign policy, will attempt to accomplish two primary objectives. The first is to illustrate many of the instrumental forces that play a significant role in the formulation of foreign policy. The other is to examine how the official development assistance (aDA) programs of three middle powers have undergone structural changes in order to reflect the respective donor's foreign policy. This thesis will concentrate its examination of aDA resource transfers during two historical periods. The first stage will consist of the years of the First Development Decade 1960-1969, the second the years of the Second Development Decade 1970-1979. These stages were selected because they signify the first concerted attempt by the nations of the advanced world to transfer development resources to states of the emerging world.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Blood Pressure Response to Weightlifting, Isometric and Dynamic Exercise in Young Healthy Males

contributor:
McCartney, Neil
Human Biodynamics

subject: Human Biodynamics

abstract: he purpose of this investigation was to examine possible differences in the acute systemic arterial blood pressure and esophageal pressure and left ventricular function responses to various intensities of static-dynamic and isometric single-leg press and cycle ergometry exercise. Intra-arterial blood pressure, intra-esophageal pressure and left ventricular function were measured in eight subjects (mean age: 23 years) during 6 and 12 repetitions of static-dynamic single-leg press at 70% (SLP70) and 90% (SLP90) of the subjects's 1 repetition maximum (l RM) respectively, 30 seconds of isometric single-leg press exercise at 70% (ILP70) and 90% (ILP90) of maximum capacity and during 60 seconds of steady state cycle ergometry at 70 % of maximum power output (MPO) (CE70). ILP70 produced significantly greater (p < 0.05) circulatory responses (arterial blood pressure, esophageal pressure, heart rate and rate-pressure product) than SLP70. CE70 produced greater (p < 0.05) peak mean (PM) systolic blood pressure (PMSBP), heart rate (PMHR) and rate-pressure product (PMRPP) than either ILP70 and SLP70 but had similar PM diastolic blood pressure (PMDBP), mean arterial blood pressure (PMAP) and esophageal pressure (PMEP) to SLP70. SLP90 and ILP90 for the same absolute time period produced similar cardiovascular responses as did ILP90 and ILP70. Greater (p < 0.05) rates of increase and PM responses were found to occur during SLP90 than during SLP70. Differences in response to SLP70 and ILP70 may be due to the greater: duration of active muscle contraction, esophageal pressure (due to the Valsalva maneuver), occlusion of the vascular beds in the exercising muscles and degree of effort associated with ILP70. CE70 produced greater (p < 0.05) PMSBP, PMHR and PMRPP responses due to a greater cardiac output known to occur with this form of exercise. The increased HR and stroke volume (SV) and decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) would be expected to result in the greater PMSBP and unchanged PMDBP which were observed. The similar circulatory responses during SLP90 and ILP90 appear to be linked to comparable increases in intra- esophageal pressure from enlisting of the Valsalva maneuver and similar amounts of effort required to perform these exercises.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Speleogenesis on Cayman Brae, Cayman Islands, British West Indies

contributor:
Ford, D.C.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: Due to differential tectonic uplift the core of Cayman Brac (Tertiary dolostone of the Bluff Group) reaches - 45 m in the east and is overlain by the Pleistocene limestone, the Ironshore Formation, in the west. The Bluff Group creates a cliff along most of the island in which an erosional notch of the last interglacial period is present at about 6 m amsl. The entrances of the caves are in the cliff, rarely on the plateau. The notch caves lie a few meters above the notch and show a similar morphology: smooth rounded walls, bellholes and not much speleothem. The higher caves differ in morphology and speleothem abundance. Tibbetts Turn Cave shows morphological similarities with the notch caves but contains much more speleothems, which could indicate that it is older. Little Cayman Brac Cave follows a pre-existing vertical joint pattern sub-parallel to the cliff. The passages in Peter's Cave are also sub- parallel but appear to be determined by an arching joint. Dating of the speleothems revealed that speleothem growth was not continuous over time and that the periods of growth cessation or dissolution were not necessarily linked to the glacial-interglacial sequence of the Quaternary. Periods of growth cessation were dated at > 350 ka, - 200 ka and 75-20 ka. The present is for the majority of the speleothems a period of growth cessation. In the caves three different speleothem dissolution types were identified. Type 1 consist of speleothem that has lost its initial morphology and is dissolved in the same manner as the walls in which they are present. Type 2 speleothems have lost an extensive part of their volume but their original morphology is still recognisable. Finally, Type 3 speleothems, often still actively growing, only show point dissolution or none at all.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Empress and Goddess: lulio-Claudian Women in the Imperial Cult

contributor:
Haley, Evan
Classics

subject: Classics Classics

abstract: The worship of a mortal has long been an intriguing topic among scholars, The Roman imperial cult, which centered on the veneration of the emperor, exemplifies this phenomenon and its study has resulted in thousands of articles that attempt to explain the institution. Despite the vast amount of scholarly research regarding the imperial cult, few examine an important aspect of the cult: women, The emperor was not the only individual to receive the honours which are associated with the cult Although the role of women in the imperial cult is frequently overlooked, it is an essential aspect of the cult This thesis will examine the role of women in the cult of the emperor, specifically that of the Julio-Claudian women, The study of these women is particularly valuable as they were the first women to be included in the imperial cult. An examination of ancient and modern sources, comprising physical and literary evidence, reveals that there are three identifiable roles for women in the cult They were included as members of the imperial family, priestesses, and goddesses, Through a detailed analysis of these roles, the underlying impetus for the inclusion of J u1io-Claudian women in the imperial cult may be elucidated,

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Pastors with staying power: identifying psychological and relational descriptors of long tenure pastors

contributor:
l.Clark, Janet
Divinity College

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This research is a descriptive study of current long tenure pastors in a sampling of Canadian churches practising a congregational form of governance. The purpose of the study was to determine if there are common psychological and relational characteristics possessed by long tenure pastors, and secondly, if there are common factors considered important by those pastors in the achievement of their long tenures. The value of the research lies in the potential application of strengths or other features found in these experienced pastors for facilitating healthier tenures that do not end in unplanned resignations or forced terminations. Thought concerning long tenures, their desirability and the difficulty in achieving long tenure was explored. Theological and biblical bases were identified for appreciating a commitment to sustained relationship in ministry tenures, as determined through an examination of personhood, community and suffering. The sample population of fifty-one current long tenure pastors completed four qualitative questions and a Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis through an online website. Responses from the study sample indicated a strong emphasis from pastors on the quality and care of relationships. As a group, the pastors displayed good personal and interpersonal adjustment. Their level of personal composure was excellent. Levels of enthusiasm, emotional expressiveness, and compassion were good. Fair-minded thinking, personal confidence, tolerance for others and good self-discipline yielded strong scores. Destructive relating styles were absent from this group. On an individual basis, both pastors with sound adjustment, and some with less sound adjustment demonstrated characteristics intent on maintaining relationships. The long tenure pastors in this study presented an awareness of the importance of relationships in their ministry. They articulated a commitment to sustained relationships in their responses. They demonstrated that commitment in their distinguished track record of long and consistently increasing lengths of tenure. Finally, they evidenced personal qualities favourable to establishing and maintaining relationships. The research may be important in forming a fresh perspective on relationships and conflict in ministry, and for considering a greater emphasis on relational values in ministerial education and practice.

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: The Sword and the Light: Peace Testimony of the Friends, The Evolution of the British Society of 1914-1918

contributor:
Rempel, Richard
History

subject: History History

abstract:
This thesis describes the evolution of the peace testimony of the British Society of Friends (Quakers) during W.W.I. From a disjointed and confused collection of inspirations, orientations, and critiques of society their peace witness developed into an integrated and comprehensive critique of human behaviour and fundamental social structures. In doing so, it tells a story that has been largely ignored by historians of British pacifism who have assumed that there was a coherent Quaker position during the Great War or have poorly understood as a whole the beliefs and practices of the Friends. The struggles of British Quakers, both with their individual consciences and amongst themselves, have been obscured by historians concentrating almost exclusively on the Society's involvement in the conscription controversy. By focusing on the Society of Friends over a broad range of issues, this thesis reveals that the Quaker response to war was not the easy reflex of traditional sectarian eccentricity. Rather, their response was one of an agonizing division of loyalties and a conscientious re-examination of fundamental beliefs. It is also the story of a closely knit community struggling to maintain a unity of belief in the face of a surprisingly wide range of opinion among its members. In the end, the unity of the Society was preserved but only at the cost of its potential as a significant agent of social change.

Between August 1914 and May 1915, British Quakers struggled to re-affirm a long-standing commitment to pacifism. This commitment was threatened by the complex and devastating nature of the war and by their own compromises of the previous fifty years. At their yearly gathering in London, in May 1915, the Society's members confirmed that pacifism was essential to their unique faith and determined that this witness should be an outward testimony: an immediately relevant gospel for all mankind.

Between May 1915 and May 1916, this invigorated pacifism led the Society into a conflict with the state over compulsory military service. Conscription forced Quakers to recognize the conflict between their ideals and their capacity for militancy. The majority of Quakers refused to endorse militant political action despite the example provided by an absolutist minority. Individual Quakers would continue to play active roles in more aggressive organizations but the Society of Friends would avoid controversy in the interests of unity.

Between May 1916 and May 1918, the re-examination of the peace testimony prompted by the outbreak of war began to bear fruit in the form of a more thorough-going understanding of the roots of violence. Liberal and socialist Quakers developed the Society's first comprehensive analysis of human nature and society and the implications for pacifism of such analyses. Combining the ideas of New Liberal thinkers such as T. H. Green, D. G. Ritche, and L. T. Hobhouse and the Guild socialism of S. G. Hobson and G. D. H. Cole, Quaker thinkers presented the Society with a remarkably radical program for social change. After some resistance from Quaker employers, the Society's Yearly Meeting of 1918 endorsed this approach as consistent with Quaker beliefs. Although the ideals expressed in the new testimony were never openly repudiated, the rejection of militancy in 1916 undercut the activism necessary to create the new society in Britain. Thus the decline in government-sponsored Reconstruction after 1918 was paralleled by and contributed to a decline in Quaker radicalism. The British Society of Friends never had such a complete understanding of its beliefs, but it was unable to face the challenges they presented.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Study of Ordering in Iron-Cobalt Alloys and Spin Wave Theory in Triangular Antiferromagnets

contributor:
Collins, M. F.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
This thesis describes studies of ordering in binary alloys, and spin waves in triangular antiferromagnets.

The order-disorder phase transition in iron-cobalt alloys was studied by neutron-powder diffraction techniques. Twelve different compositions in the range from 30 to 70 atomic percent cobalt were investigated. All the specimens exhibited an order-disorder phase transition and the long range order parameter in each specimen was determined by measuring the intensity of superlattice reflections. The plot of the transition temperature against composition shows a peak at 47.9:0.3 atomic percent cobalt; this is surprising since simple theories predict a peak at the stoichiometric 50% composition. To within error, the critical index B of the order parameter is independent of composition; its weighted mean value is 0.303:0.004. This is comparable to the value 0.312:0.005 predicted for the Ising model.

Spin wave theory was developed for triangular antiferromagnets. In these systems at low temperatures, the spins have a simple antiferromagnetic coupling along the hexogonal c-axis but lie in the basal plane where they form a triangular structure. By using trial values of the exchange constants along directions parallel and perpendicular to the hexagonal c-axis, a numerical calculation of the spin wave dispersion relations in the system was carried out. There are six branches, including degeneracies, in the dispersion relations along the symmetry directions (ε00) and (00ε). Due to the fact that there is a much stronger coupling of magnetic moments along the c-axis compared with that in the basal plane, the energies of spin waves propagating along the c-axis (00ε) are much larger than those of the waves propagating in the perpendicular direction (ε00). The effect of the dipole-dipole interactions was to remove some of the degeneracies in the dispersion relations. The spin wave theory developed is applicable to any hexagonal triangular antiferromagnet having exchange and dipole-dipole coupling; it is applied in this thesis to CsMnBr₃ which is known to have a triangular antiferromagnetic structure.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: "Building the City of God": The Founding of the Student Christian Movement of Canada

contributor:
Allen, Richard
History

subject: History History

abstract:
The late nineteenth century in Canada saw the rise of a number of religious organizations on university and college campuses, the most important being the Student YMCA and the Student YWCA. These organizations were characterized by a stress on piety, evangelism, service and foreign missions.

In the period before the First World War the Student YMCA's and YWCA's expanded, increased their organization, and nationalized. The students met together and developed a greater unity through summer conferences, and they came under the influence of the social gospel.

Between 1914 and 1918 they were deeply affected by the wartime conditions, and the women students especially developed a new sense of independence and a greater social vision. Both men and women experienced a deeper personal faith while growing suspicious of theology and institutional religion.

Religious young people who came of age during or just after the Great War believed the wartime rhetoric and expected the conflict and the re-construction period afterward to initiate the establishment of the Kingdom of God on earth. Led by the veterans, rebellious and in turmoil, who returned to university in 1919, these optimistic youth wanted to begin the building of the City of God.

At the same time, somewhat paradoxically, the war had shaken the foundations of the faith of many of these students, and it left a legacy of bitterness towards the Church and institutional religion, which, combined with the influence of modern science, turned many from orthodox Christianity. Desiring a new spirituality, they envisioned a great movement behind Jesus the leader and teacher.

The result was a liberal revolt against the institutions which had nurtured religion on Canadian campuses for fifty years. The student leaders of the emerging SCM associated the YMCA and YWCA with soul-deadening organization, with evangelical Protestantism, with the Church and business, and they rejected them all. The postwar drive for democracy and national unity issued in a new student-run organization, the Student Christian Movement of Canada, which they believed would be a flexible vehicle for the establishment of the City of God. But within a few years the veterans and that first postwar generation of students had graduated, and the keenness of the vision had dulled. Nevertheless, an organization had been founded which would in- spire successive generations over the next half century and make a major contribution to the course of the political, social and religious life of twentieth century Canada.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Porden Point and Port Refuge: Thule Eskimo sites from the Grinnell Peninsula, Devon Island,N.W.T.

contributor:
Ramsden, P.G.
Anthropology

abstract: An analysis is presented of collections deriving from four Thule Eskimo sites on the south coast of the Grinnell Peninsula, Devon Island, N.W.T. Three of the sites are winter habi tations of three, fi ve, and nine rock, sod, and whalebone houses respectively, while the fourth is an isolated rock cache. The artifacts found at the sites are almost all typical Thule culture types, although one Dorset culture carving and two objects of probable Norse origin were also found. Of the total of five winter houses excavated, one had structural evidence of multiple occupations. Establishment of the chronological position of the sites proved difficult, due to the necessity of rejecting the only radiocarbon dates obtained from any of the sites, and the small number of reliable temporal indicators, particularly harpoon heads. However, the sites appear to span the period from soon after the initial Thule occupation of the Eastern Arctic to the early fifteenth century.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Strategic Changes in Monotonic versus Non-Monotonic Characteristics of Quiet Stance Development: A Longitudinal Study of Young Children

contributor:
Riach, C.l.
Human Biodynamics

subject: human biodynamics

subject: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology

abstract: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to determine whether a non-monotonic pattern characterizes the development of postural control in children from age 5 to 8 years, as suggested by previous cross-sectional studies. Postural control was considered in terms of control strategy and its variability operationalized by mean and standard deviation of Centre of Pressure velocity (COPvel); and of effectiveness and its variability operationalized by mean and standard deviation of COP anteroposterior excursion (YS). Periods of significant variability were used to indicate behavioural transitions. Seventeen, healthy children (9 males, 8 females) aged 5 to 6 years (61.5 - 75 months) were tested at 3 to 4 month intervals until age 8 years (83 - 97 months) in eyes-open quiet stance (OS) on a force platform for 30 seconds in each of 10 trials. Data were reorganized into 6 developmental categories based on adjacent test dates prior to (-2, -1) and after (+1, +2, +3) a subject's trial with the lowest COPvel. Developmental category is proposed to represent level of sensorimotor integrative skill. A 1-way MANCOVA revealed a significant effect ( p <.0001) for developmental category with covariance due to height, weight and actual age removed. Post-hoc 1-way ANCOVAs showed a significant effect (p<.OOO1) on measures of strategy. However differences in COPvel (type of strategy used) and differences in its variability (denoting a transition between types of strategies) were not always coincident. Performance outcome (yS) changed linearly across categories. From a consideration of the results it was concluded that a non-monotonic change in control strategy describes the development of quiet stance equilibrium. A transition, marked by variability of COPvel occurs from a primarily open-loop to incorporation of open- and close-loop components of control. Honing of strategy used precedes and follows transitions. Constriction of velocity and excursion may typify the early stages of bi-modal strategy use suggesting instability in realworld situations at this stage. Linear change in effective excursion regardless of strategy employed in unchallenged as may decrease the utility of this measure in assessing stability status in children. Developmental categories describe affiliation with the strategy employed and may represent differentiable levels of sensorimotor integrative skill. As such, they may be more useful in assessing progression of equilibrium control than consecutive age in years.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Dialectics and Dialogics of Space and Time: A Discussion of Tillich's Concept of Technology

contributor:
Robertson, J.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: Before I thank others I would like to give special thanks to my parents for their gift of the foundation of learning and inclination by which academic studies became a possibility for me. I have only begun to realize how much I am indebted to them, and the extent to which time spent with them in conversation or exploring untrodden regions of British Columbia and Yukon continues to inspire. Next I would like to thank Frank and Sharon, my brother and sister-in-law, for making their dinner table available this autumn for daily gatherings of the extended family. This has been a season of good food and my parent's excellent home-made wine. I also thank Jessica and Isaac, my niece and nephew and Emma and Brigete, the children of my roomates, for visiting me while I was writing some of the more difficult sections of this thesis and bringing me gifts of power (or so these gifts were explained to me). And I reserve my final thanks for Professor John Robertson, my supervisor, for his help and encouragement, and for introducing me to Tillich.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Exemplars and Intercessors An Ethnographic Study of Devotion to Mary and the Saints in the Cathedral Parish of Christ the King

contributor:
Badone, Ellen E.F.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis examines contemporary devotion to Mary and the Saints in the Cathedral Parish of Christ the King in Hamilton, Ontario. The main objectives of this ethnographic study were to determine which public and private devotions to Mary and the Saints are currently practiced, to assess whether these devotional practices are consistent with contemporary Church teaching, and to determine to what extent the teachings and reforms of the Second Vatican Council have impacted these devotional practices. Ethnographic data from this study indicate that devotion to Mary and the Saints is important within the faith life of the parish and in the private devotional lives of many of the study's participants. Both public and private devotions to Mary and the Saints are consistent with contemporary Church teaching and in many respects with the teachings of the Second Vatican Council. It is clear that the teachings and reforms of the Second Vatican Council have had a significant impact on both public and private devotions and in the way that the study's participants relate to Mary and the Saints.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Organized Ukrainian Community in Hamilton, Ontario: A Case Study of Future Corporate Viability

contributor:
Brotz, Howard
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis will investigate the question of whether the organized Ukrainian community in Hamilton, ontario has insti tuted the necessary structural and attitudinal foundation in order to continue as a viable organized collectivity in the future. This question is of sociological importance, as it centers on the critical transitional phrase of organized life being experienced by this sub-community and its ability and willingness to adapt to changing social reality. Internal and external assimilative pressures have challenged the future organizational integrity of this community--generating the need for a reappraisal of organizational goals, activities, and most importantly, membership composition. An analysis of the character of the secular organizations comprising this community will underscore its self-enclosed nature. This feature, in con j unction with ass imila ti ve social forces, has resulted in the development of two major schisms: one vertical, the other horizontal. The vertical schism refers to the inter-generational problem of leadership succession within these secular organizations. The horizontal schism refers to the relationship that currently exists between members of the I organized I, and the numerically larger 'unorganized' components of the Ukrainian ethnic group. The latter, ha ve been traditionally excluded from active organizational participation of the former. This thesis contends that in order for the Ukrainian community to remain a wellorganized collectivity, it will need to incorporate members of the unorganized community. This task, however, presupposes both structural and attitudinal reform. The areas of organizational accommodation and barriers to reform will be expli cated wi th reference to the two fundamental schisms operative in this community.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The MacLeod Site (AIGr-1) and a Preliminary Delineation of the Lake Ontario Iroquois

contributor:
Ramsden, Peter G.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: The present work describes the archaeological material recovered from excavations at the MacLeod site, a Late Ontario Iroquois site in Oshawa, Ontario, which were carried out between 1968 and 1972. In comparing ceramic and non-ceramic data from the MacLeod site with other sites in southern Ontario, the existence of a distinct group which has been named the Lake Ontario Iroquois is tentatively defined. This group extended along the north shore of Lake Ontario from the Rouge River in the west to Prince Edward County in the east. The sites of the Lake Ontario Iroquois shared similar frequencies of certain ceramic attributes and similarities in their non-ceramic assemblages. It is suggested that the Lake Ontario Iroquois may have formed a group similar to the historically described tribes of the Huron. It is also recommended in this thesis that students turn their attention to the analysis of previously existing collections over the excavation of further unthreatened sites.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The influence of skill and vision on dynamic balance

contributor:
Elliott, Digby
Human Biodynamics

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Theoretical Checkmating: An Analysis of the Manner in Which the "Chess Problem" in Through the LookingGlass Resists and Subverts Critical Interpretations of the Novel's Chess Motif.

contributor:
Sigman, Joseph
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
This thesis is essentially divided into two parts: the first three chapters form the section in which I critically examine a number of theories regarding Carroll's use of the chess motif in Through the Looking-Glass, while the fourth chapter deals with my own interpretation of the chess problem as a metaphorical device that serves to resist and subvert a superficial thematic interpretation of the text. Furthermore, because the thesis involves a significant amount of chess theory, three appendices have been included for the reader's convenience.

The first chapter examines an article by Mr. Gerry Forbes for the Canadian chess forum En Passant, entitled "Lewis Carroll Teaches You How to Play the Sicilian", a piece which promotes the idea that Carroll was writing his novel as an opening treatise on the game of chess in the guise of a children's story. The thesis attacks Forbes' article on the basis that the author ignores Carroll's own chess problem, given at the novel's outset, while admitting to cite the text selectively and non-sequentially in an effort to prove his central hypothesis.

The second chapter of the thesis focuses on Carroll's curious Dramatis Personae: a cast list of characters that the author eventually saw fit to replace with his "Preface to the 1896 Edition". I examine primarily the opinions of critics Martin Gardner and Francis Huxley, who persist in drawing associations between characters in the novel and the chess piece equivalents to which they were originally assigned by Carroll. Through an examination of the individual positioning, movement and behaviour of these characters, the thesis shows that the relationships Gardner and Huxley draw are consistently subverted by the chess problem.

Chapter Three attempts to refute Gardner's idea that the apparent madness of the chess game is the result of the "mad logic" of Looking-Glass Land. The thesis demonstrates that the solution to Carroll's chess problem becomes perfectly logical when one accepts the game as a contest among its individual participants and not between two unseen entities who silently manipulate the Looking-Glass pieces.

The concluding chapter sees my own interpretation of Carroll's chess problem as a symbolic device which reinforces and reveals the novel's underlying implications through a systematic refutation of its surface theme. Utilizing a metaphorical analysis of Alice's regimented pawn journey, her capturing of the Red Queen and subsequent checkmating of the Red King, I endeavour to illustrate that the novel is not about Alice's "victory" in making a successful dream-journey from innocence to experience, but rather, about the young girl's realization that the notions of freedom and independence she once associated with womanhood are illusory, existing only in the hearts of those who have not yet made her journey.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Jonson's Use of the Morality of Vice in Volpone and The Alchemist

contributor:
Brennan, Anthony
English

abstract: This thesis is an attempt to demonstrate the ways in which Ben Jonson incorporates some of the qualities of the Morality Vice into the lead characters of Volpone and The Alchemist. While critics have often ignored Jonson's Morality heritage, the similarity between his lead cozeners and the Vice is often striking. Face and Mosca's overwhelming love of the theatre manifests itself in their superior ability to create a drama in which theirscheming partners and ambitious clients expose the faults to which all humanity is prone. Certainly, as it strives to rule the dramatic world, the Vice forms a precarious bond with the audience. Its Morality traits underscore its evil nature and therefore alienate us from the Vice to some degree. However, this figure could imitate humanity and thus invites the audience into an uncomfortable camaraderie which exposes the spectators' own attraction to greed. The first chapter of my thesis examines many of the Vice's central characteristics, such as his love of masks and his ability to create and sustain anarchy. The second chapter examines the shift in power which occurs between Volpone and the true Vice of this play, Mosca.The following chapter focuses on The Alchemist in which Face rises to the Vice's role above his self-deluding companions and their victims. Moreover, this chapter illustrates Face's irresistible theatrical attraction and thus the audience's susceptibility to the visions with which Face baits his clients. The final chapter of my thesis examines the ways in which Jonson alters the Morality tradition in order to make his audience aware of its own moral weakness. The spectator's attraction to the Vice's energy is tempered only by its fear of the evil figure's ability to infiltrate the human realm. Indeed, the relationship between stage and society which the Vice-figure is able to elucidate, becomes an important aspect of Jonson's work. In order to explore this relationship, I have chosen to adapt an audience-response approach to the text. In other words, I visualized how the play would look on stage and noted my reactions to this imaginary performance.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Secondary Flow in an Annular Cascade of High Turning Angle Turbine Blades

contributor:
T., J. H.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
Approximately half of the aerodynamic losses in a turbomachine blade row are attributed to cascade secondary losses. Looking at the existing literature on secondary flows, there is a lack of detailed experiments carried out on annular cascade of high turning angle turbine blades.

The purpose of this investigation was to construct and carry out detailed experiments on a unique large scale annular cascade of high turning angle turbine blades. Cascade tests, at a Reynolds number based on the blade chord of 3 x 10⁵ to 6 x 10⁵, consisted of inlet and exit flow parameters traverses, blade passage pressure distributions and flow visualization. The results, presented in the form of contours and radial distributions, were analysed and compared with the results of previous investigations.

The tests showed that the flexibility designed into the cascade rig has achieved the purpose of tailoring the inlet flow conditions according to the test requirements. The total pressure loss contours revealed a large single loss region at the middle of the blade passage. The yaw angle contours showed regions of significant flow underturning and overturning in the main stream. Good agreement was found between the measured cascade secondary loss coefficient and those calculated from the available correlations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Reactions des Anglo-Qmadiens vis-a-vis d'accents fran~ais dans Ie cadre de l'enseignementiapprentissage du fran~ langue seconde

contributor:
Lepicq, Dominique
French

subject: French and Francophone Language and Literature

abstract:
Cette recherche examine les attitudes a l'egard de l'accent d'un locuteur enregistre presente comme professeur potentiel du franc;ais langue seconde. Quatre types d'accents representatifs des enseignants du franc;ais en Ontario (parisien, quebecois, franco-ontarien et accent anglais) sont presentes a 151 anglophones prenant un cours de franc;ais langue seconde dans une universite ontarienne. Cet echantillon a ete divise en deux groupes selon que les juges ont ete avertis ou non de l' origine du locuteur avant l'audition de l'enregistrement.

Le questionnaire d' evaluation comporte les dimensions de statut et de solidarite qui se sont averees pertinentes dans les recherches anterieures portant sur les attitudes. Les resultats indiquent que certains accents franc;ais (accent parisien et accent anglais) sont plus faciles a identifier que d'autres (accent quebecois et franco-ontarien) pour les Anglo-Ontariens. En outre, Ie fait de conna1tre ou non l'identite de l'accent du locuteur enregistre ou de l'avoir identifie correctement ou non n'a que peu d'influence sur les evaluations. En generall'accent natif standard rec;oit revaluation la plus favorable sur les traits lies au statut (competence, prestige, esthetique) et est l'accent Ie plus prise chez un enseignant eventuel du franc;ais langue seconde. Par contre, l'accent non natif non standard (accent anglais) rec;oit les evaluations les plus basses sur ces memes traits bien qu'll soit juge plus favorablement que Ie precedent sur les dimensions relatives a la solidarite (attraction sociale, bienveillance, etc.). Les accents natifs non standard (querecois et franco-ontarien) peu differencies les uns des autres par les juges occupent une place intermediaire sur Ie continuum des evaluations.

En conclusion l'auteur souligne Ie role crucial du professeur sur les attitudes et la motivation des apprenants en situation formelle d'apprentissage et sa responsabilite a modifier les prejuges negatifs des apprenants.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Mother in the Riddle of Father-Authority in Shakespeare's Final Plays

contributor:
Coldwell, Joan
English

abstract: Shakespeare's final plays turn from the tragic outcome of King Lear to centre on romantic resolutions to family conflict for ruling figures. Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter's ~, The Tempest, and King Henry V111 restore faith in the concept of authority as a loving father of a national family. The metaphor places female identity in a patriarchical riddle: woman as mother is taken up and cast out in an alternating sequence that confirms and rejects her place in patriarchical societies. This thesis explores the alternating presence and absence of mother figures, potential and realized, in the lives of authority figures to examine the ways in which the female image is figured and disfigured to restore faith in patriarchal and monarchical authority. In each of the plays listed, continuity for the ruling family is dependent on a female heir and, with the exception of Elizabeth in King Henry Vlll, her potential motherhood. But the mothers of the heirs are alternatively acknowledged and ignored in the chronological sequence of the plays. Detailed analysis is limited to the first three plays, but the sequence continues in the final two plays where faith in a benevolent authority figure is firmly re-established. This presence and absence of respected co-partners in the lives of ruling figures alternatively proposes a need for female participation in public affairs followed by a reactive viewpoint confirming sole paternal authority.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Whole Language Approach to Teaching French: An Effective Method for Developing Communicative Competence at the Primary Level.

contributor:
Beattie, Catherine
Kliffer, M.
Teaching

subject: teaching

abstract:
The approaches used in teaching French as a Second Language (FSL)
have changed over the years. The emphasis went from looking at the
individual elements of the language, like phonics or grammar, to the uses
of the language in the real world. The users of this language must be
able to demonstrate communicative competence, which is now the goal of any
FSL class. Scholars like Krashen feel that a language must be learned in
as natural a way as possible. When children learn their mother tongue,
they are not restricted by formal grammar lessons, nor are they limited
to daily vocabulary exposure. They are allowed to pursue their interests
and develop their language skills in their own way.

The Whole Language Approach is being advocated by the Hamilton Board of Education for all students. Since this approach is similar to the natural way to learn a language, it is a good way to develop communicative skills in the students.

In the French immersion class there is a great concern about the quality of French being produced by the students. OISE has recommended several strategies to eliminate the weaknesses shown by the testing.

Through the use of the Whole Language Approach many of these recommendations can be accommodated. A sample unit is included to show how the Whole Language Approach develops language and thinking skills in the children. They are encouraged to share their ideas and show their enthusiasm for learning. The classroom thus becomes an environment where meaningful learning experiences take place. Children want to interact with others. Therefore, this project shows that the Whole Language Approach can be an effective way to develop the communicative competence of the French immersion students.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Names and Naming in Ben Jonson's Epigrammes: Preforming the Social Performance

contributor:
Roebuck, W.G.
English Literature

abstract:
This study will discuss and seek to clarify the
significance of Ben Jonson's use of names in the Epigrammes,
as published in his 1616 folio edition of the Workes. My
central argument here is that Jonson's use of names in this
text is an integral part of an effort to preform a social
performance. Jonson, in accordance with the Christian
humanist view that poetry should morally edify its reader,
attempts to modify the thought and behavior of an
anticipated reader by disseminating an ideologically
influenced interpretation of ordinary social phenomena -- a
social performance -- in his poetry.

Jonson's repeated use of names in the "Epigrammes"
will be read as reflecting a commitment to both confirm and
conform to a Christian mythos which incorporates and
services a dichotomous view of reality. At its most basic
level, my paper will show that Jonson dichotomizes his
collection of Epigrammes by giving names as a reward to some
subjects and attributing mock-names as punishments to
others. From this observation I will argue that for Jonson
the name acts as a cornerstone of an interpretation of a
social performance that has religious, political, cultural
and personal implications.

The merit of this study is that it places Jonson's
use of names in an expansive context. Criticism to date on
the subject has treated names only as a means to show that
the collection possesses a unity of form and function. In
this study Jonson's use of names is not looked upon as an
isolated event whose significance is strictly limited to the
text of the Epigrammes. Historical, sociological and
psychological aspects of naming are discussed and related to
naming in Jonson's Epigrammes. By incorporating materials
from a number of disciplines the study allows the religious
and political significances of the action of naming to be
fully appreciated. Such an approach to the subject of
naming in the Epigrammes has never been attempted. In the
end, the true value of this study is that affirms that
naming is a vital form of expression in Jonson's poetic art.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: From Dependence to Autonomy: The Concurrent progression of Frances Burney and her Heroines

contributor:
Ross, M.
English

abstract:
Frances Burney's first three novels, Evelina, Cecilia, and Camilla, are the works of an author at war with herself and those around her. While Evelina speaks and acts mainly according to the advice of her male guardians, Burney's later heroines begin to develop a sense of independence. The pitfalls of relying too much on male advice (only hinted at in Evelina) are developed in Cecilia, where the heroine is threatened by virtually every man around her. The idea that men can be dangerous to women, both physically and psychologically, is further expanded upon in Camilla where the members of the novel's oppressive society (including the "hero") watch obsessively over the heroine until she is driven to the brink of death.

When examining the novels of Frances Burney it is difficult to ignore the life of the author herself. As Julia Epstein writes, "Women novelists of the last decades of the eighteenth century and the first decades of the nineteenth produced an imaginative literature of resistance and refusal along both class and gender lines" (Iron Pen 218). Burney's novels certainly qualify as "imaginative literature of resistance and refusal." In her personal and literary life,Frances often felt troubled. She desired to abide by the wishes of the men in her life (especially her father) and yet as she matured, becoming more familiar with fashionable society, she began to question her role within that society. She found, to her dismay, that the woman and author she wished to become did not necessarily coincide with her father's ideal of who and what his "Fanny" would be.

Frances thus began to concern herself increasingly with the issue of female independence--and to admire women who had achieved this seemingly elusive goal. This process of change in Burney's personal views comes across in her novels, where her heroines progressively strain for a sense of purpose, of autonomy. Though all her heroines are somewhat reconciled to the patriarchal world in the end, their trips there are exhausting and painful. This exhaustion and pain linger within the heroines until the very end, serving to undermine and question the "traditional" ending in which the heroine gets her hero and lives happily ever after.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An Automated Muscle Motor Unit Counting System

contributor:
Bruin, H. de
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
A completely automated system for determining the number of motor units in a skeletal muscle has been developed and tested. It is based on the McComas incremental motor unit counting technique and eliminates the subjectivity introduced by the operator's judgement and addresses the problem of alternation which plaques manual estimation techniques.

The system, currently implemented using a PDP-11/34 mini computer, uses silver strip electrodes to record the electrically evoked electromyographic responses which are amplified, filtered, and digitally converted for computer processing, display, and storage. The software uses digital signal processing, pattern recognition, and complex algorithms with well defined decision criteria to vary the stimulus amplitude, classify the responses, identify alternation, and estimate the motor unit count. The system was extensively tested on the thenar and extensor digitorum brevis muscles of numerous subjects. Its performance compared favourably with that of an experienced manual operator.

The speed, reliability, and objectivity of the system make it very useful clinically and promote the standardization of motor unit count estimation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "Weary of the Pipe of Tityrus": Challenges to the Pastoral Ideal in Three Eighteenth-Century Poems

contributor:
Morton, Richard
English

abstract: This thesis examines three poems, all of which challenged the prevailing tendency to idealize rural life in eighteenth-century poetry. Stephen Duck's The Thresher's Labour offers an account of rural life from the perspective of a thresher, and the "speaker" uses his unique perspective to demolish the pastoral myth that rural life was a life of ease and leisure. Oliver Goldsmith's The deserted Village contrasts an idealized version of the past with the intolerable present in order to emphasis the transformed nature of country life, as well as to critique the forces which caused the transformation. His gloomy account of contemporary village life challenges the deeply-rooted tendency to envision the countryside as an immutable retreat from urban corruption. George Crabbe's The Village attacks the pastoral tradition and the tendency to sentimentalize the plight of the poor by offering a harsh, unsentimental account of village life. Together these three poems constitute versions of eighteenth-century "anti-pastoral".

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Patriarchal Metaphor of Inverted Sexual Reproduction in Milton's Paradise Lost

contributor:
Schnell, L.
English

abstract: [missing pages 33 & 34]

abstract: The thesis concerns the question go male writers and their female muses. It explored how and why male writers were able to invert sexual reproduction textually and 'give birth' to their texts. In many aspects, the texts of the seventeenth century represent a resurgence of this patriarchal metaphor. Milton was not immune from patriarchy, and for this reason I have chosen his epic poem, Paradise Lost, as an example of a text very much immersed in this ideology. The first chapter explores the origins of the inverted sexual metaphor in Plato's Symposium and then examines how and why this metaphor influenced the philosophical, theological, and medical texts of seventeenth century England. This chapter employs the critical analysis used by Mary O'brien in her feminist text, The politics of Reproduction. Chapters two and three are close readings of Milton's Paradise Lost, applying the theory discussed in Chapter one. Chapter two explores the relationship between the male characters in Milton's poem who 'give birth' (Satan and Adam) and the women to whom they give birth (Sin and Eve). Chapter three explored the relationship between Milton, his muse, and his text. In the context of the conclusion of these two chapters, Milton affirms the patriarchal belief that God made woman, not as a help to man in the public sphere of knowledge, but as a help to man in the private sphere of reproduction.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Constructing Truth, the Self, and the Origin: Reading Milton's Areopagitica After Derrida

contributor:
Clark, David
English

abstract:
This thesis attempts to perform a deconstructive reading of Milton's
A reopagitica , and at the same time, to use the similarities and dissimilarities that
Milton's tract has with Derrida' s work in order to explore some fundamental
questions about Derrida's relationship with metaphysics, especially the metaphysical
or theological idea of origin. These questions are often approached through the
focus of the subject, or as Milton sees it, the individual, and his/her relationship to
and knowledge of God functioning as the ground for truth. The elusiveness,
instability, and fragmentation of truth as Milton describes it in Areopagitica, as well
as the unusual excesses in his figures and his logic, provoke a reading of the
pamphlet that views these instabilities and excesses as the signs of the radical and
originary "play" Derrida terms differance. However, Milton's continual attempt to
recuperate and make stable these dangerous marks of differance by grounding them
in both the self-presence of the individual and in the infinite presence of God leads
to the question of their origin. Perhaps the fundamental question which my thesis
examines is how Milton and Derrida construct interpretations, metaphysical and
deconstructive, for what Milton calls a fallen world and Derrida names writing, and
the fascinating way in which these interpretations are linked.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Investment Policy of Canadian Life Insurance Companies

subject:
Mathematics and Political Economy
Mathematics
Other Economics

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: Development of the Flagellar Rootlet of Naegleria

contributor:
Dingle, A.D.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Naegleria gruberi amoebae differentiate rapidly and synchronously to flagellates, assembling a complete flagellar apparatus de novo within two hours. The flagellar apparaturs consists of two flagella, their associated basal bodies and a flagellar rootlet. This study is directed towards an understanding of the development of the flagellar rootlet. The rootlet has been isolated by differential centrifugation and the major rootlet protein has been identified by solubilization of the organelle in urea, high salt, detergents or extremes in pH.

During the amoeba to flagellate differentiation at least 62% of the major rootlet protein assembled is synthesized de novo as measured by means of an isotope dilution experiment. Most likely the major rootlet protein is completely synthesized de novo since it is absent in amoebae but present in developing flagellates prior to the appearance of rootlets. This protein, whose subunit molecular weight is 170,000 daltons, has been purified by elution from polyacrylamide preparative gels. The sequence of rootlet development has been eluciated by indirect immunofluorescence using a specific antibody directed against the purified major rootlet protein. Rootlets, which are first detected in developing flagellates 70 min after the initiation of differentiation, reach their maximum length of 13 μm within 40 min. During the differentiation, the appearance of rootlets in the population follows that of flagella, but is delayed by about 5 min. When flagellates revert to amoebae, the rootlets disappear from cells shortly after the flagella are lost, and they reappear just minutes after the flagella become visible in redifferentiating flagellates.

The controls which govern the number of organelles assembled during differentiation are not absolute and cells may assemble three, four or occasionally more flagella. Furthermore, the controls of organelle number may be deranged by high temperature shocks applied at precisely defined intervals during the differentiation such that the resulting flagellated populations may develop nearly three times the normal number of basal bodies and flagella. In these multiflagellated popultions the increase in the mean number of rootlets per cell is proportional to the increase in the mean number of flagella such that the two flagella to one rootlet relationship of a typical (biflagellate) flagellar apparatus is mainteained. These results suggest that the temperature effect which leads to uncontolled basal body and flagellum assembly simltaneously deranges whatever controls the number of rootlets assembled.

As the number of flagella and rootlets per cell increases, the mean length of the organelles decreases. These do not counter-balance, however, and there is a net increase in the total length of organelle assembled. Measurements of the total amount of the major rootlet protein in control and temperature-shocked populations show no increase in the multiflagellated cells. Rather, there appears to be an increase in utilization of the available major rootlet protein to provide for the increased rootlet assembled.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Presentation of Certain Aspects of the Functioning of French Immersion Programs in Canada

contributor:
S.M. Najm,
Betti, V.
Teaching

abstract:
Three chapters comprise this project. The first chapter deals
with French immersion programs, the objectives of French immersion
teachers and a description of French core programs. The second chapter
discusses French language achievements and proficiency in French
immersion programs. The third chapter is a study on the requirements
to become a French immersion teacher and pre-service training.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Celebrity of Charlotte Smith: Private Sorrows, Public Tears

contributor:
Walmsley, Peter
English

abstract:
The celebrity of Charlotte Smith was initiated by the publication of
Elegiac Sonnets in 1784. The large subscription lists that successive
editions garnered confirms her status as a popular writer. Smith's
celebrity is unique when compared to other late eighteenth-century
celebrities as she resided outside of London, and did not associate, in
public, with other famous writers, artists, and actors of her time. Her
solitary existence away from the public view created speculation and
gossip about the melancholic poet, which in turn led to an outpouring of
financial support.

Her celebrity, instigated by the public display of her private sorrows,
is inextricably tied to two dominant cultural features: the cult of sensibility
and the neoclassic tradition. The culture of sensibility created an ideal
atmosphere in which to publish an emotive text, as the public sought out
works that would trigger an emotional response. She creates sympathy
within her reader, eliciting a strong emotional reaction and acts of charity.
Smith also uses a neoclassical poetic convention, quoting profusely from
other famous authors to create a connection between her poetry and
theirs. Smith foregrounds herself as an educated author, slightly
modifying each poetic quotation, and in doing so establishes her own
unique niche within the poetic tradition.

Smith's celebrity is heavily dependent upon her ability to arouse pity
and more importantly charity within the reader. Smith's goal, prior to
publication, was to be self-sufficient and garner enough money to provide
for her family. Her celebrity can therefore be viewed as a deliberate move
into the public sphere.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: MILP Formulations for Optimal Steady-State Buffer Levels and Flexible Maintenance Scheduling

contributor:
E., C. L.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
In this thesis two industrially motivated problems, belonging to the same manufacturing process, are solved by mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) techniques. Initially, the problem of determining optimal steady-state buffer levels for minimizing unit failure impacts is examined. Next, a method for achieving an optimal and coordinated production and flexible maintenance schedule is studied under several different optimization goals. The process that is predominantly considered is a continuous processing plant that can be modelled as n units in series separated by (n - 1) buffer tanks.

Unit shutdowns due to equipment failure result in adverse economic consequences due to reduced production and costs associated with off-specification product. Mitigation of these effects may be possible if sufficient buffer capacity is available for parts of the plant to continue operation until the affected units are back in operation. A question that arises is what the optimal levels of the buffer storage units should be for use in normal operation, with insight as to what abnormal operating conditions may occur. This is a function of the expected unit failure frequencies and failure lengths, and the process dynamics. In this study, the problem is posed within a multi-period dynamic optimization framework. Historical records are used to determine key unit failure scenarios. The objective function considers the loss of profit associated with downtime, as well as a fixed cost of induced shutdowns due to buffers being either full or empty.

Production scheduling in coordination with maintenance scheduling is often completed simply by fixing maintenance and then scheduling production around the maintenance-associated process unit unavailability. While acknowledging that much research has been completed to determine optimal maintenance policies, allowing maintenance events to be scheduled with a small degree of flexibility may significantly improve the resulting makespan. Alternative formulations suited to batch processing and continuous processing are presented; where the key advantage to the latter formulation is the possibility of job-splitting. Flexible maintenance by means of a specified time interval, sequence-dependent cleaning, shared finite intermediate storage, and product deadlines are accounted for in this dynamic optimization problem. Considered objectives include: makespan minimization, throughput maximization, and intermediate inventory minimization.

Several case studies are provided for both problems, with the intention of demonstrating the functionality of the formulations as well as to indicate the possible process improvements upon implementation.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The German Prepositional Phrase: A Pilot CALL Module

contributor:
Stroinska, Magda
German

subject:
German
German Language and Literature
German Language and Literature

abstract:
As an instructor of beginners' German, the author of this thesis was introduced to the computer as a medium to teach foreign/second languages and wished to discover how effective the computer is as an aid to language learning.

In order to look at the effectiveness of computer assisted language learning, the author of this thesis looked into the history and development of computer assisted language instruction and summarized the research in Part 1 of this thesis.

To give the author first-hand experience with computer assisted language instruction, some computer exercises were prepared by her to be used in a pilot study conducted during the academic year 1989-90. A discussion of effective topics taught by computers as well as the set-up and results of this pilot study are given in Part 2 of this thesis.

Finally, Part 3 of this thesis contains some general conclusions about computers as a medium in the language classroom. The most interesting conclusion, the computer's affect on student motivation, is drawn directly from the comments of the students involved in the pilot study as well as the author's own experience with language students using the computer as a learning tool.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Author, Actor and Audience- Figures: The Theatrical Metaphor in Jonsonian Comedy

contributor:
M., Douglas J.
English

abstract:
In this thesis, I am concerned with Jonson's attitude toward theatricality in the world. His representation of a "centered self," especially in his poems, can be seen both as a part of the Renaissance concern with fashioning identity and as a protest against the theatrical role-playing it often caused. I am further interested in Jonson's conception of the nature of the theatre as a significant social activity. He employs the theatrical metaphor in Volpone, Epicoene, and The Alchemist in which clever author and actor-figures deceive less clever audience-figures who lack proper judgement. These characters reflect Jonson's awareness of his own engagement with his audience. The series of plays-within-the-play illustrate a theatre of deception and manipulation by which Jonson comes to measure both himself as a playwright and his art.

This study also attempts to come to terms with the interesting discrepancy between Jonson the moralist and Jonson the artist. There is a certain tension created in Jonsonian comedy when we consider that he infuses his theatrical tricksters with immense comic vigour. The audience's ability to pass judgement on the author and actor-figures' subversive actions is complicated since they perform so amusingly and with such brilliance.

As well, I trace the development of Jonson's thinking about the nature and function of comedy. With each successive play, I find that he subtly disguises his moral idealism in order to write successful comedy. A problem with this formula was that it tended to mask Jonson's identity as a morally purposeful writer. Increasingly, his comedies seemed to owe their success to a triumph of theatrical over moral values. Jonson remains a morally responsible dramatist who incorporates into his art the critical acceptance of the stage as a medium.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Merry Wanderers of the Night: Fairies and Folklore in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tempest

contributor:
Hammond, Antony
English

abstract:
Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tempest abound with supernatural beings of various kinds, which contribute differently to each play's unique, but constant ambivalence towards the potency of art and romantic love. The Introduction to this thesis defines the major characteristics of such supernatural beings, especially fairies, profiles the evolution of fairy belief in the sixteenth century, and finally summarizes their cosmological rank within the Renaissance world view. A brief survey of the sociological function of fairies is also employed in an attempt to delineate at least the more important elements of folkloric tradition, which Shakespeare borrows and modifies for his own ends.

Chapter one focuses on the role of fairies as comic chorus in the Dream. Fairies underpin the work's essentially subversive aspect, because they suggest the transitory and tentative emotional satisfaction that the world of Petrarchan art and romantic love affords. Shakespeare effortlessly consolidates what seems to be insoluble material. The familiar Renaissance confidence in the irrefutable power of art and love is present, even while the play simultaneously insinuates a concern for the illusion wrought by fairies.

The next chapter introduces the alternative view of intervention by spirits depicted in The Tempest. The analysis turns towards how Ariel inverts Puck's role as a typically disruptive force, and gives special emphasis to the generic differences between these elementals. Ariel serves a far more complicated function as Prospero's often reluctant, but very effective preternatural stage-hand, than Puck does as Oberon's "jester." Ariel is instrumental in conjuring up the "theatrical moment," which the play ultimately calls into question, by virtue of his own metaphorical status as the "moment" itself, seeking escape.

The final chapter marks the contributions made by fairies to Shakespeare's exploration of the capabilities and dynamics of theatre. These plays seem to embody two tangible extremes. The Dream violates the established rules and classical unities of the theatre, by interposing multiple perspectives in an ironic way. Fairies serve as perfect subjects for Shakespeare, then, in his bid to redefine the barriers between the reality and fantasy of the stage. Conversely, The Tempest embraces, celebrates and objectifies theatre at every possible opportunity. Conventional modes such as the masque are used to create a sense of pageantry, while Prospero constantly invokes Ariel to produce spectacular visual displays and special effects.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)