identifier: Razali, Azziddin Mohamad <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Razali=3AAzziddin_Mohamad=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Analysis, design and control of grid connected three phase pulse width modulated AC-DC converter.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The increasing penetration of line-commutated power diode and thyristor rectifiers into the grid power system is becoming a problem in transmission and distribution lines due the harmonic and reactive currents they inject to the grid system. Therefore, three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) ac-dc converters are becoming more and more attractive for replacing the line-commutated rectifiers in the utility-interface applications. With a proper control technique, the PWM ac-dc converter is able to reduce the harmonics in the line currents. This leads to the achievement of almost sinusoidal input currents and provides controllable de-link output voltage, unity power factor operation and regeneration capability. These features are not necessarily achieved under non-ideal operating conditions such as unbalanced, distorted and disturbed grid supply. -- This thesis investigates a virtual flux control for reducing the number of sensors in the direct power control (DPC) and the voltage oriented control (VOC) of a three phase PWM ac-dc converter. The use of input ac voltage sensors to measure the grid voltage for synchronization and estimation of input instantaneous active and reactive powers is avoided by applying a virtual flux concept in the new proposed control schemes. The virtual flux control technique is used to extract the grid voltage information from the converter switching states, de output voltage and line currents. -- A virtual flux direct power control (VFDPC) utilizing an improved virtual flux estimator and a newly designed switching look-up table, is proposed in this thesis. The switching look-up table is developed based on the instantaneous power derivative method which relies on the sign and magnitude of the change in instantaneous active and reactive powers. In this way, the switching table is able to choose the best converter voltage vector in order to ensure smooth control of active and reactive powers. -- Furthermore, a new virtual flux oriented control (VFOC) technique is proposed so that the ac-dc converter operates with a fixed switching frequency. The VFOC control structure is developed by using a newly derived mathematical model of the three phase ac-dc converter incorporating the estimated virtual flux components. Subsequently, the proposed VFOC is able to include the decoupling network and feed-forward control components to enhance the converter performance during the grid and load disturbances. -- It has been confirmed through simulation and experiment that the proposed VFDPC and VFOC are able to produce three phase sinusoidal input currents with low total harmonic distortion, near unity power factor and adjustable de-link output voltage under balanced and non-ideal conditions of the input voltage supply.


identifier: Read, Heather Anne Creighton <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Read=3AHeather_Anne_Creighton=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Storying home in St. John's, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

abstract: Many of Newfoundland and Labrador's master narratives of culture, identity and home celebrate the Irish and English fishing heritage of the province. These narratives, created largely by presentations of history and reinforced through tourism development, are explored here in conjunction with alternatives that have not received the same attention: specifically, stories from ethnoculturally diverse people, disadvantaged youth and people with disabilities. Primarily, these alternative stories are drawn from six residents of St. John's, and their contributions to a community art display about their visions of home, Urban Archaeology, which occurred at The Rooms Provincial Art Gallery in 2006. This thesis suggests that in Newfoundland and Labrador there is too much promotion of master narratives; as a result, those telling alternative stories can experience social exclusion. Additionally, Urban Archaeology's merit as a community arts project is explored, and the importance of such work in alleviating feelings of exclusion is discussed.


identifier: Record, Nicholas <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Record=3ANicholas=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Acoustic imaging of diel vertical migration of zooplankton on the Newfoundland shelf.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is common to marine ecosystems around the world. Here, we examine the response of zooplankton vertical migration to hanging physical conditions using acoustic Doppler current pro filers (ADCPs) on the Newfoundland Shelf. Techniques for quantifying patterns of DVM in bioacoustics scattering layers are presented and evaluated, including both new methods and some taken from the literature. With these techniques, correlations of DVM patterns are examined in the horizontal, at scales of 10s of metres and 10s of kilometres, and an increase in correlation with proximity is found. Migrators are observed with high  statistical significance (p < 0.05) to spend 10s of minutes more time at the surface in the morning and evening on overcast days than on clear days. Migration paths are coherent with isotherm depths at time scales longer than 20 days. Backscatter coefficient is modelled based on an empirical response to temperature and light.


identifier: Redekopp, Brian <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Redekopp=3ABrian=3A=3A.html>   (2004) The problem of embodiment in Heidegger's fundamental ontology.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Fundamental ontology is Heidegger's attempt to clarify the meaning of being through a
descriptive analysis of human existence, which he conceives as a system of intentional
relations that precedes the subject/object dichotomy. His interpretation of human being
seems to promise an innovative solution to the problem of how we are corporeally
immanent in nature at the same time as we transcend nature in our understanding. Yet
Heidegger pays little attention to the problem of embodiment in fundamental ontology.
This thesis addresses the question of what accounts for his neglect. In Chapter One, I
formulate the problem in terms of Heidegger's ontological concepts. Chapter Two shows
that despite appearances to the contrary, the problem of embodiment is crucial for
fundamental ontology. Chapter Three develops the central claim of the thesis, which is
that Heidegger neglects embodiment because to treat it adequately threatens to undermine
the transcendental character of fundamental ontology.


identifier: Refaul Ferdous, Chy. Md. (Chowdhury Mohammed) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Refaul_Ferdous=3AChy=2E_Md=2E_=28Chowdhury_Mohammed=29=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Methodology for computer aided fuzzy fault tree analysis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Process facilities are well known for unplanned chemical emission, toxic release, fire and explosion and operational disruption. These incidents have the potential to cause an industrial accident and environmental damage. From the investigation of all major accidents, it is apparent that most industrial accidents can be avoided or restricted with a systematic risk analysis and safety management strategy. An effective risk analysis strategy always gives preference to minimizing the risk of a process facility at its design stages. -- Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is a comprehensive, structured and logical method for identifying and assessing risks of complex process systems. It uses fault tree analysis (FTA) as a tool to identify basic causes leading to an undesired event, to represent logical dependency of these basic causes in leading to the event, and finally to calculate the probability of occurrence of this event. Probability data estimation, and large and complex fault trees, are challenging aspects of FTA as applied to process facilities. -- Quantitative analysis of a fault tree for a process system requires a fault tree and the system components (basic events) failure data. Sometimes or always it is difficult to have an exact estimation of the failure rate of individual components or the probability of occurrence of undesired events due to a lack of sufficient data. Further, due to imprecision in basic failure data or the data sufficiency the overall  analysis of a fault tree may be questionable. To avoid such conditions, a fuzzy approach may be used with the FTA technique. This reduces the ambiguity and imprecision arising out of the subjectivity of the data. -- Fault tree construction for a process facility must accommodate for a wide variation in components, process operations and control mechanisms. It is more scientific to analyze such a large and complex fault tree through proper sub-divisions of the tree. A proper modularization technique (sub-division) can sub divide a tree into its equivalent sub trees and then analyze it for the process facility. -- This work is focused on developing a methodology of a fuzzy based computer-aided fault tree analysis tool. The central idea of this methodology is to adopt a suitable algorithm for moduling (sub-dividing) a large and complex fault tree and then evaluate it by using the fuzzy approach. This methodology uses a systematic approach of fault tree development, fault tree modularization, minimal cut sets determination, fuzzy probability analysis, and fuzzy based sensitivity analysis of a system for achieving its objectives. Besides developing a methodology for computer- aided FTA, this study also proposes a procedure of fuzzy approach for the uncertainty analysis, which is used for comparing error robustness of fuzzy FTA and conventional FTA.


identifier: Regular, W. Keith <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Regular=3AW=2E_Keith=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Trucking and trading with outsiders: Blood Indian Reserve integration into Southern Alberta economic environment, 1884-1939, a case of shared neighbourhoods.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This dissertation examines the economic association that existed between the Blood Indian reserve and the surrounding region of southern Alberta for the period of the 1880s through the 1930s. This study fills the gap left by Canadian historiography that has largely ignored the economic associations between Natives and non-Natives living in a common and limited environment. Instead historians have uncritically accepted the perception that Native reserves have played only a minor role in regional development. Consequently Natives and their reserve land base are seen by Anglo-Canadians to have had little influence on the economic circumstances in which Natives and newcomers found themselves in the post treaty period on the Canadian Plains. – The Blood tribe and their large reservation were a significant factor in the southern Alberta region in which they were located. Their land base was important to the nascent and established ranching industry near the reserve through the period of the Depression. The produce of the Blood reserve, especially coal an hay, were commodities in demand by settlers and the Bloods were encouraged to provide them as needed. The bloods became expert freighters and the local community sought them out to transport the much needed produce from the reserve and to trans-ship goods for non-Native entrepreneurs. Blood field labour in the Raymond area sugar beet fields was at times critical to the functioning of that industry. Their availability and willingness to work was a deciding factor in the operations of the Knight Sugar Company especially during the first decade of operations. Finally the Bloods’ ties to the merchant community, especially in Cardston and Fort Macleod, resulted in a significant infusion of money into the local economy. Importantly, much of this cash resulted from the personal wealth of the Bloods and was not a consequence of Department of Indian Affairs charity.  The Bloods were not a drain on the local resources but were important contributors to the developing economy of the region. The relationship that the bloods had with local merchants was very much like that of their White neighbours. – Unfortunately the Department of Indian Affairs did not recognize the potential of the reserve to serve the needs of the Bloods, or at least did not let this recognition mitigate their policies of restriction and paternalism. Had they done so the fortunes of the Bloods, and many other Native reserves, might be much different today. So too might there be greater recognition of the part played by Natives in regional economies.


identifier: Reid, Andrew Thomas <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Reid=3AAndrew_Thomas=3A=3A.html>   (2006) An associativity requirement for noradrenergic dentate gyrus long-term potentiation in the urethane-anesthetized rat.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Glutamatergic activation of the locus coeruleus results in long-term potentiation of dentate gyrus perforant path-evoked population spike amplitude, when paired with perforant path stimulation (.25 Hz). In vitro evidence, however, suggests that this 13-adrenoceptor-rediated effect can also, occur in the absence of perforant path activity. The present study seeks to determine whether pairing of perforant path stimulation and locus coeruleus activation is necessary for norepinephrine-induced population spike potentiation to occur in vivo in urethane-anesthetized rats. Glutamatergic stimulation of the locus coeruleus in the absence of perforant path stimulation resulted in a transient spike and slope increase which returned to baseline by 10 min. In contrast, locus coeruleus activation concurrent with perforant path stimulation resulted in long-lasting potentiation of both spike and slope. These results suggest that, under the conditions of the present study, a temporal pairing of noradrenergic activity with perforant path activity in the dentate gyrus is necessary for the induction of long-term population spike and EPSP slope potentiation.


identifier: Reid, Colin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Reid=3AColin=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Extended near-Skolem type sequences, infinite Skolem sequences, and related topics.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Please see thesis for abstract.


identifier: Reid, Michael Edward <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Reid=3AMichael_Edward=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Modeling and performance analysis of ATM LANs.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM} is a method of data transmission using small fixed-length cells. This thesis presents a model of an ATM LAN which provides a realistic representation of data transmission over the system by explicitly modeling both the ATM network and the applications running over that network. Coloured timed Petri nets are used to create a compact model that is capable of representing a variety of different protocols at a high level of detail. The model is designed to allow easy reconfiguration or addition of detail at different levels of the system. Simulation is used to evaluate the performance of the model, and results are compared to actual data gathered from the Memorial University campus network.


identifier: Reitmanova, Sylvia <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Reitmanova=3ASylvia=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Mental health of St. John's immigrants: concepts, determinants and barriers.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
"Canada is in one respect like the kingdom of Heaven: those who come at the eleventh hour will receive the same treatment as those who have been in the field tor a long time. We want to share with them our lands, our laws, our civilization... Let them take their share in the life of this country...  Let them be electors as well as citizens. We do not want or wish that any individual should forget the land of his origin. Let them look to the past but let them still more look to the future. Let them look to the land of their ancestors, but let them look also to the land of their children. Let them become Canadians ..."  Sir Wilfrid Laurier, 1905.

--  Immigration-related difficulties and excessive social stress are the reasons for immigrants' vulnerability toward developing mental illness. In addition, immigrants experience numerous organizational, communication and financial harriers to utilizing mental health services. Very little is known about the mental health concerns of immigrants in St. John's, where both ethnospecific infrastructure and cultural diversity is very limited. For this reason, this qualitative inquiry examines, through the personal experiences and perspectives of eight St. John's immigrants, their concepts and determinants of mental health, as well as the barriers to their utilizing mental health services. In addition, this inquiry evaluates how the local mental health promotion programs and healthcare services address immigrants' mental health needs. The goal of this study is to increase the understanding of mental health providers and policy makers about the determinants of immigrants' mental health, which can then inform the development of accessible and appropriate support mechanisms tailored to the mental health needs of the St. John's immigrant population. -- The findings that emerged from a thematic analysis of the semi-structured, open-ended interviews conducted show that St. John's immigrants understand mental health in broad holistic terms and do not see any clear-cut boundaries between mental health and illness. Moving to Canada challenges immigrants' stereotypes about mental illness, but also exposes them to the ideology of medicalization, according to which the reason for their mental unwellness lies in defective biological processes rather than in faulty sociopolitical structures. There are several key determinants that shape immigrants· mental well-being: the lack of social support, resources and information, financial difficulties, and unemployment. Furthermore, their cultural identities are often not appreciated or understood. These factors contribute to immigrants' stress, and their feelings of loneliness and isolation. As a result, some suffer from depression and seek professional medical attention. However, the mental health promotion programs and services only reflect immigrants' mental health needs and concerns to a very small extent and have a limited ability to address immigrants' vulnerability to developing mental illness. In addition, immigrants encounter several barriers to utilizing these services: for instance, lack of information, culture, language, waiting times, and finances. -- This study supports previous research calling for major changes across different levels of health care, social, economic and political systems. In order to improve the mental well-being and integration of St. John's immigrants, several suggestions arc proposed to health and social services providers so as to address the lack of support, information and resources for immigrants, as well as unemployment, cultural conflicts and the barriers to utilizing mental health services that immigrants experience.


identifier: Reminsky, Orest Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Reminsky=3AOrest_Joseph=3A=3A.html>   (1979) The effect of a mathematics calculation skills course on achievement in introductory chemistry.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Four groups of introductory chemistry students at Memorial University of Newfoundland were studied to determine if mathematics skills remediation would positively affect their chemistry achievement. Two of the above four groups were designated experimental groups and two of the groups were designated corresponding control groups. The control groups were given regular introductory chemistry instruction plus other activity that was not intended to increase their mathematics competence. The experimental groups were given mathematics remediation. Total chemistry instruction time in the experimental versus the control groups on all topics was equal. – The mathematics skills of all subjects were evaluated with a mathematics skills test at the beginning of the one semester course. The same test was used to evaluate any change in mathematics skills at the end of the semester in all four groups. – An analysis of covariance on the mathematics posttest scores, with mathematics pre-test scores and Piagetian intellectual level scores as covariates showed the experimental groups had improved their mathematics skills in general when contrasted with the control groups. – The relationship between this improvement in mathematics skills for the experimental groups on achievement in chemistry was evaluated using an analysis of covariance in which the mathematics pre-scores and Piagetian intellectual level scores were used as covariates. No significant improvement in chemistry achievement was detected for the experimental groups versus the control groups.


identifier: Renner, Martin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Renner=3AMartin=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Evolution of variation in plumage and ornamentation in least auklets Aethia pusilla (Pallas).  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Conspicuous ornaments with little apparent cost are ubiquitous in nature, but their function and evolutionary origins are poorly understood. Most evolutionary models predict that ornament expression is associated with a cost and correlated with individual quality. I investigated ornamentation in the Least Auklet (Aethia pusilla), a seabird that displays multiple ornaments and a highly variable degree of ventral mottling. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the ancestral state is likely ventrally white for most seabird clades, but only mostly white in auklets. I measured several novel indicators of quality, including measures of take-off performance, and their relations to plumage and ornamentation. Power and acceleration, 0.17 s after take-off were the most repeatable measures (repeatability= 75 %and 72 %, respectively). AIC-based model selection revealed significant interactions in the relationships of two low-cost ornaments (bill knob and auricular plume) with indicators of individual quality (hematocrit, leucocrit, mass/condition, and take-off acceleration). Mass was positively related to both bill knob and auricular plume size in subadults but not in adults, and inversely related to ventral plumage mottling in adults but not in subadults. I rejected the individual recognition hypothesis, which predicts a deviation from a multivariate normal distribution of ornaments that was not found in this study. The birds with less mottling are more conspicuous on land-where predation is a constant threat. Predation by Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) could be a vulerability handicap that ensures the reliability of the plumage as a social signal. Gulls attacked experimentally-whitened model auklets significantly less often than darkened models (P = 0.036), as predicted if mottling is dependent on physical fitness and acts as a signal of escape potential. Also in accordance with prediction, auklets on a different island without aerial predators had significantly lighter plumage (P < 0.001), suggesting a lower cost to conspicuousness in the absence of aerial predators. I did not observe a correlation between take-off acceleration and plumage mottledness, however. My results suggest that ornaments are related to condition in subadults, and that plumage functions as a vulnerability handicap in interactions with gulls.


identifier: Reschny, Jamie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Reschny=3AJamie=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Mining, Inuit traditional activities and sustainable development: a study of the effects of winter shipping at the Voisey's Bay nickel mine.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The need to incorporate the idea of sustainable development has become a component of any large-scale industrial project in recent times. The Voisey's Bay Nickel Mine (VBNM) Project, which began production in August 2005 and which currently has an operational life expectancy of 14 years, provided a case study example of how the costs and benefits of mining on communities can be anticipated and managed in the context of sustainable development. The specific focus of this research was to study the potential effects of the VBNM winter shipping route on the traditional activities of the Labrador Inuit. The study involved the compilation of background information from secondary sources and informal interviews with a number of key informants residing in three communities in Newfoundland and Labrador. The project determined that in the context of the sustainable development of VBNM winter shipping, Labrador Inuit traditional activities have been adequately addressed.


identifier: Rice, James G. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rice=3AJames_G=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2007) The charity complex: an ethnography of a material aid agency in Reykjavík, Iceland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This dissertation examines the provision of charitable assistance in Reykjavík, Iceland. The project focuses in detail on the activities of one agency in particular, Mædrastyrksnefnd (Mothers' Support Committee). Mædrastyrksnefnd formed in 1928 as a response by concerned philanthropists to the conditions of material and social inequality faced by women. Since this time, the organization has expanded upon its historic focus to include a wider range of clientele. However, over the many years of its existence this agency has also withdrawn from its key emphasis on social advocacy to focus mainly on the work of traditional charities that do not, as is argued in this dissertation, dismantle the status quo in relation to structural inequality. -- This project is based on a period of ethnographic research which extended from February 2004 through to June 2006. The primary research method was participant observation. With the permission of the staff I was able to work as a volunteer at Mædrastyrksnefnd which allowed me to observe and participate in the practices of charity as well as to engage the staff and some of their clients in ongoing discussions about their experiences and views of charity. I extended some of these ongoing conversations into formal interviews with select staff members and clients. As the result of the widening social contacts I made as a volunteer at Mædrastyrksnefnd, I was able to expand the scope of the project to include interviews with senior officials from a number of other charitable organizations as well as officials with social advocacy organizations and governmental social welfare agencies. I also conducted statistical research and analysis on behalf of Mædrastyrksnefnd in addition to historic and contemporary archival research. -- The focus of my analysis centers on exploring the complex ways in which charities are imbricated with the state, business concerns, and the general public to form what I refer to as an interconnected 'charity complex.' The idea of the charity complex calls in question the notion that charities form.an 'independent' or 'third' sector and suggests as well why charities become entrenched within wealthy societies. I argue that the material assistance these kinds of agencies provide makes short-term, often crucial differences for their clients. But in the long term, the work of the charity complex acts to maintain the status quo regarding structural inequality in a number of significant ways.


identifier: Richards, Clark <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Richards=3AClark=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Wind-forced dynamics in Bonne Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Ten Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers were deployed between September 2002 and September 2004 on the sill of the East Arm in Bonne Bay, a glacial fjord in Gros Morne National Park on the west coast of Newfoundland. The moorings were deployed to measure the velocity of water flowing over the sill, in order to better understand the exchange dynamics of the system. In addition to the current meter data, several cruises were conducted in June 2004 to collect hydrographic data in the Bay, specifically temperature, salinity and density profiles. Meteorological data from the area are also presented. Tidal flow over the sill is dominated by the M 2 tide, with a vertical asymmetry between ebb and flood tides due to the superposition of the estuarine flow. Internal tides were detected during times of the year when the stratification supports internal motions. Similarly, tidal currents were seen to give rise to higher frequency flow (periods less than 5 hours) attributed to high frequency internal waves. Subtidal flow over the sill is two layer, and is primarily forced by the local wind stress. The development of a simple two layer numerical model supports this analysis, and with it some of the effects of spatially varying wind stress were examined. Topographic steering of the wind in the region was determined to be significant in accounting for discrepancies between data and model results.


identifier: Richards, E. Dale <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Richards=3AE=2E_Dale=3A=3A.html>   (2004) The systematic relationships of cervids with special reference to the South American radiation.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences were used to investigate systematic relationships of 21 species of deer (family Cervidae), with special attention directed towards the poorly understood South American taxa. The nucleotide region examined was a 410 base pair (bp) region of the 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in combination with 401-bp cytochrome b data set. In addition to the cervids, nine other ungulate genera were also sequenced. -- Among the 811-bp of sequence data available, 365 nucleotide positions were variable, of which 296 were phylogenetically informative. The data suggest that cervids consist of two monophyletic clades or subfamilies, corresponding to a previously recognized alternative conditions of the metacarpals of the lateral digits. The plesiometacarpalian state or the loss of the distal portion of the second and fifth metacarpals, is characteristic of the cervines (subfamily Cervinae), whereas the telemetacarpalian state or the loss of the proximal metacarpal portions in the lateral digits, is characteristic of the odocoileines and Hydropotes (subfamily Odocoileinae). Within Cervinae, three taxa were identified: Cervus (including Elaphurus), Axis, and Muntiacus. The Odocoileinae includes three monophyletic tribes: Capreolini (Capreolus and Hydropotes), Alcini (Alces only), and Odocoileini (endemic New World deer and holarctic Rangifer). The Odocoileus species were consistently the sister group to Mazama (M. americana, M. nana, and M bororo) in at least 52% (NJ) of the bootstrap replicates from all three methods of phylogenetic analysis [maximum-parsimony (MP) bootstrap value 77%; maximum-likelihood (ML) bootstrap value 69%; and, neighbor-joining (NJ)]. Hydropotes was identified as a sister species of Capreolus in at least 80% (MP) of the bootstrap replicates and thus is not representative of the plesiomorphic ancestral state for cervids. Relationships among Alces and the remaining odocoileine genera were not well resolved. -- The data challenge conventional assumptions about New World cervid evolution and taxonomy. Odocoileus is distributed throughout North and Central America, and the occurrence of 0. virginianus in South America north of the Amazon basin has been taken to suggest that all South American deer evolved from 0. virginianus. The molecular data instead show that the endemic South American genera (Pudu, Ozotoceros, Blastocerus, and Hippocamelus) as well as one South American species of Mazama (M gouazoupira) form a monophyletic lineage whereas Odocoileus is more closely related to the remaining species of Central and South American Mazama (M americana, M nana, and M bororo ). In all three analyses, H bisulcus, B. dichotomus, P. puda, and 0. Bezoarticus clustered together; with M gouazoupira being the sister group to these other four genera (NJ bootstrap value 76%), with M gouazoupira and H bisulcus being the sister group to the latter three genera (MP bootstrap value 53%), and with P. puda being the sister taxa to these other three genera along with M gouazoupira (ML bootstrap value 88%). All analyses placed the four Mazama species in at least three different clades and the M. americana individuals were often split between two clusters, suggesting a large degree of genetic variability within this genus and species, respectively.


identifier: Richoux, Nicole Bertine <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Richoux=3ANicole_Bertine=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Population dynamics and seasonal lipid cycles in hyperbenthic crustaceans from a cold-ocean environment (Conception Bay, Newfoundland): Mysis mixta (Mysidacea) and Acanthostepheia malmgreni (Amphipoda).  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Life cycles and seasonal changes in density, biomass, growth, secondary production and lipids in Mysis mixta and Acanthostepheia malmgreni from a 240-m deep site in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, were studied from October 1998 to November 2000. The primary aim was to provide life-history and ecological information on populations inhabiting the hyperbenthos of Conception Bay, and to relate the seasonal lipid and fatty acid dynamics to each species' life cycle and to the occurrence and quality of the annual phytoplankton bloom. -- Life spans and reproductive cycles were remarkably similar in the two species, with the release of free-living juveniles from mature females occurring in April and May when bloom material was settling to the hyperbenthos. Females reproduced once and then died at age-2.5 years following a 5-month brooding period of larval stages. The biennial life cycles of both populations resulted in the presence of 2 cohorts of each species co-existing at most times, although a marked annual alternation in cohort dominance occurred in the amphipod population. Annual production:biomass (P/B) ratios in the mysid population were similar in both years, indicating consistent recruitment from year to year. In contrast, the alternation in cohort strength in A. malmgreni had significant repercussions in the success of this population, reflected in a lower P/B ratio in 1999 than in 2000. -- Divergent patterns in lipids, fatty acids, and specific fatty acid marker ratios reflected differing life styles, diets and critical periods of energy accumulation and utilisation in M. mixta and A. malmgreni . Influenced by the seasonally productive and perpetually cold environment created by the Labrador Current, M. mixta and A. malmgreni both accumulated high levels of lipid reserves similar to those attained by other cold-water zooplankton. Maximum lipid stores were observed in females, although the maximum lipid content in M. mixta was over twice that in A. malmgreni. Lipid levels increased with maturity, and developing mysids exhibited a particularly rapid accumulation of triacylglycerols and diatom-associated fatty acids at the start of the spring bloom. Unlike the mysids, juvenile amphipods did not begin to develop sexual characteristics or accumulate significant amounts of triacylglycerol or phytoplanktonic fatty acids until after the spring bloom material had already reached the hyperbenthos in May. This study reveals a dependence of M. mixta and A. malmgreni on seasonal lipid accumulation for reproduction, and the existence of trophic links between their populations and the pelagic production cycle (i.e. benthic-pelagic coupling). Increased mobility and a broad range of prey types provided M. mixta with sufficient opportunities to accumulate essential fatty acids rapidly. However, A. malmgreni was restricted to a lower quality diet than was M. mixta, and the trophic connection between A. malmgreni and production in the euphotic zone was less pronounced.


identifier: Richter, Christoph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Richter=3AChristoph=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Harbour porpoise and people: strategies for bycatch reduction in the Bay of Fundy.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Interactions between marine mammals and fisheries are recognized as a global problem. About 1.000- 2.000 harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) are caught annually in groundfish gillnets in the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy. This bycatch is not sustainable and reduction of it is necessary. However, fishers fear that measures to mitigate the bycatch will have a detrimental economic impact on them. -- Solutions to the bycatch of marine mammals typically lead to restrictions on commercial fisheries. Managers, scientists and special-interest groups perceive fishers as part of the problem, and therefore, fishers are usually not consulted effectively in developing solutions. Consequently, fishers are reluctant to accept restrictions. Because of conflicting interests stakeholders refuse to communicate and distrust develops. -- Fishers from Grand Manan Island, Bay of Fundy, and researchers at the Whale Research Group, Memorial University of Newfoundland, developed a management approach that would allow all stakeholders to participate in finding solutions to the problem of harbor porpoise bycatch. This approach consisted of five steps: -- 1. Education and information; -- 2. Trust-building; -- 3. Implementing solutions; -- 4. Developing and testing solutions; and  -- 5. Ensuring recognition. -- Gillnet fishers and scientists designed and carried out a study to assess the effectiveness of active acoustic devices ("alarms") in reducing harbour porpoise bycatch in 1994 and 1995. The objectives of the study were to develop and test a device that would  -- 1. Eliminate or reduce the bycatch of harbour porpoise; -- 2. Be acceptable to all stakeholders; -- 3. Not interfere with the normal fishing process; -- 4. Not reduce catches of fish; and -- 5. Be enforceable by managers. -- Alarms reduced the bycatch of harbour porpoise. Catches of commercially important fish species did not differ consistently between treatments. T The study found that alarms were a suitable tool to reduce bycatch of harbour porpoise in groundfish gillnets without severely restricting fishing patterns. The inclusive management approach established stable and effective working relationships among fishers, scientists and managers, and will facilitate finding solutions for future problems.


identifier: Rideout, Keith M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rideout=3AKeith_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) The ecological and genetic impacts of escaped farmed salmon on wild salmon with recommended management measures for southern Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Salmonid farming is a new and exciting industry for the rural areas of Newfoundland and Labrador; particularly those on the south coast of the Island in Bay d'Espoir and Fortune Bay. As with any industrial activity there are environmental impacts. In salmonid aquaculture these can include impacts related to farm effluents, disease amplification and transfer to wild stocks, and impacts associated with escapees from freshwater and marine farms. This paper attempts to highlight the degree of the escapement problem, particularly in those instances where the escaping species are free to interact and mate with wild conspecifics. This is the case in southern Newfoundland where domesticated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are farmed in areas with natural Atlantic salmon runs. The impacts of farmed escapees will depend upon the degree of difference from wild salmon and on the ability of farmed escapees to perform (i.e., survive, grow, reproduce) in the wild. When farmed salmon are able to escape and survive in the wild, their impacts on wild salmon can be loosely separated into ecological, genetic and those related to disease transfer. This paper concentrates on ecological and genetic impacts with less emphasis on disease transfer issues. This approach was taken to limit discussion of escapee impacts to those possible after farmed salmon escape. Disease transfer from farmed fish, it is suggested, is as likely to occur from intact cages of fish as it is from escaped individual fish. Suitable farm siting and appropriate farm practice, particularly as it relates to containment issues, are the best ways to minimize the impact that farmed escapees can have on wild salmon stocks. To this end, Newfoundland and Labrador does consider wild salmon populations in its site licensing process, prior to farm establishment, and has developed one of the more elaborate and stringent Codes of Containment of any jurisdiction in the North Atlantic. There is still work to be done, however; programs to externally mark farmed Atlantic salmon, so that they can be differentiated from wild Atlantics, and to remove farmed Atlantic salmon from 'valuable' rivers prior to ascension, are needed.


identifier: Rillie, Claire <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rillie=3AClaire=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Striving for the socially sustainable ideal: how homelessness is addressed in St. John's, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In the ideal socially sustainable city, no one would go without. Social problems like poverty and its most visible form - homelessness - would not exist. In the real present-day city, however, homelessness does exist. This thesis examines how homelessness, one symptom of a lack of social sustainability, is addressed in the City of St. John's, based on an interpretation of data from 28 agencies that form a part of the system of supports for the homeless. It also examines the effects of social policy on the emergence of homelessness and on the system of supports that has evolved to address it. -- Although there are a number of issues, specific to St. John's, that remain challenges to addressing homelessness, the results of this study reveal that  homelessness in St. John's is similar to homelessness elsewhere. In this case study, St. John's is making socially sustainable gains at the front-line, agency level. It is working towards the ideal.


identifier: Riswardi, Bambang <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Riswardi=3ABambang=3A=3A.html>   (1994) A model of longshore sediment transport estimation for Krueng Aceh Urgent Flood Control Project in Indonesia.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The objective of this study is to find a suitable model for predicting longshore sediment transport rate for Krueng Aceh Urgent Flood Control Project in Indonesia. Black Box approach was used in the study by employing the U. S. Army CERC-formula. To employ the CERC-formula, wave properties i.e., wave height, wave period and wave direction are required as data input. For longshore sediment transport estimation, a K-value of 0.39 was used since H₁/₃ and T₁/₃ were used in the study. Estimated longshore sediment transport was, then, compared to actual sediment trapped at the jetty which is in the study site. To estimate the volume of sediment trapped during periods of study, three cross sectional surveys were conducted. The first survey was in May 1992, second was in May 1993, and the last one was in August 1993. -- Three procedures in estimating wave properties were tried. First, wind speed and direction at the study site (Alue Naga station) were estimated using wind data of another station (Blang Bintang station) employing vector regression analysis. Since the vector correlation coefficients were found to be very low, the procedure was not continued. Second, linear regression was used to estimate monthly average wind speeds at Alue Naga using data of Blang Bintang. Using monthly average wind speed data, the correlation coefficient of these stations was quite good. The procedure was continued to predict wave data from estimated wind speed. Third, the available wave data of a previous period were used, since the wind climate of this period and the period of study are almost identical. -- The study revealed that using wave properties from hindcasting yield over estimated longshore sediment transport. While, using wave properties from available data yield estimated longshore sediment transport which is close to those observed.


identifier: Roberge, Maureen A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Roberge=3AMaureen_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Parents - the first teachers: supporting families in early literacy development.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this paper folio early literacy development is discussed and support for families as first teachers of literacy learning is examined. In the first paper, theories of early childhood development, early language acquisition, and early literacy development are presented, as well as relevant, recent findings from neuroscience. The roles that families play in supporting children's early literacy development are discussed. The second paper traces the emergence of the family literacy movement and philosophical dissension within the field is examined. A number of family literacy programs, designed to support early literacy development within families, are analyzed. In the third paper, a description of early literacy/family literacy programs that currently exist in Newfoundland and Labrador are presented. Those organizations/agencies responsible for early literacy/family literacy within the Province are identified and their roles discussed. This paper concludes with suggested guidelines for the advancement of early literacy/family literacy in Newfoundland and Labrador.


identifier: Roberts, Barbara Gabriel <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Roberts=3ABarbara_Gabriel=3A=3A.html>   (1984) Cloze reading strategies with elementary pupils as informants.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The major purpose of this report is to challenge some cloze reading instructional assumptions through: (1) reviewing cloze procedure instructional literature; (2) reporting a six-week study and practical cloze reading instructional experiences with elementary-grade pupils over the past eight years; and recording effects of using these pupils as informants to their instructional needs. (Cloze procedure is a word-deletion technique in which readers predict deleted words from the remaining context and their prior knowledge). The pupils act as informants by demonstrating that they do not need practice with cloze procedure exercises to develop cloze reading strategies. (Cloze reading strategies are incorporated when readers pretend that unfamiliar text is deleted and predict something which makes sense). These pupils further demonstrate that they do not need detailed directions for developing cloze reading strategies. These strategies motivate resourceful independent reading through putting learners in control of their reading. -- Strategy instruction, learning environment, and teacher education are three practical implications discussed. This report suggests the need for further research in: (1) cloze reading strategies without prior cloze procedure exercises; (2) cloze procedure studies which deal with comprehension; (3) cloze instruction in the context of all literacy learning; and (4) using learners as informants through ethnography. Through ethnographic procedures teachers and researchers can constantly examine and change instructional assumptions when necessary.


identifier: Roberts, Barry Albert <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Roberts=3ABarry_Albert=3A=3A.html>   (1979) A study of the time spent on teaching geometry in the elementary school and its relationship to teacher attitudes toward geometry.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was motivated by numerous reports of grade nine students experiencing difficulty with geometry, coupled with the increased emphasis being placed on geometry in the mathematics program for elementary grade children in the past decade. -- The main purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between elementary school teachers' attitudes toward geometry and the amount of time they spent teaching geometry. Since geometry is well represented in the mathematics program presently in use in the elementary schools, a minimum of six or seven weeks would be required to complete the recommended program. An important aspect of this study was to determine if elementary school teachers were spending the required amount of time to adequately cover the topics recommended for each grade level. Other concerns of the study were overall elementary teacher attitudes toward geometry, teacher experience with and preparation to teach certain geometric topics, method of instruction in geometry, teacher familiarity with manipulative aids for instruction in geometry, and any differences in attitude or time that might exist between urban and rural areas of the province. -- The sample consisted of fifty-one rural and fifty-three urban teachers in the province of Newfoundland. Each teacher was administered a questionnaire. Upon completion of the questionnaire, a personal interview was conducted with each teacher. The teachers' responses to the questionnaires were used to analyze all aspects of the study other than time. A second instrument was administered to compile information relating to the number of weeks the teachers sampled spent teaching geometry. -- A low positive correlation was found between, teacher attitude toward geometry and the amount of time spent teaching geometry. The overall attitude of the teachers toward geometry was found to be neutral at worst. Probably the most significant finding of the study was that the teachers reported a mean time spent on geometry of just slightly over two weeks. No significant differences were found between teachers of rural and urban areas. -- The data collected on teacher preparation to teach, and experience with, certain topics in geometry indicated a strong relationship between the two. Teachers who were unfamiliar with certain topics in geometry expressed a reluctance to include them in their mathematics program. The areas teachers most often indicated unfamiliarity with were motion geometry, symbolic logic, three-dimensional geometry, and co-ordinate geometry. -- While many teachers expressed their belief that an elementary school geometry program should be activity oriented, they were, in roost cases, unfamiliar with the teaching aids available to assist in the instruction of geometry. -- Several suggestions were made for further research. These suggestions, along with a more thorough discussion of the findings of this study, are contained in the final chapter of the study.


identifier: Robertson, Charles <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Robertson=3ACharles=3A=3A.html>   (2004) The live paper system.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: The live paper system

abstract: For the past 30 years, most interactions with computers have been through monitors, keyboards, and more recently mice. However, with ever increasing and more ubiquitous computing power, it is important to research other interaction modalities that are simultaneously richer and easier to use. By using computers to augment objects with illusionary intelligence and capabilities, it is possible for people to use these objects in new and exciting ways. Video cameras allow computers to monitor an environment non-intrusively, and react when appropriate. -- This thesis presents a realized Video Augmented Environment, called Live Paper, for enhancing paper documents on a tabletop. To the user, it appears as if the paper gains new visual and auditory features. A piece of paper can be removed and returned to the tabletop, and it will regain the same features it previously exhibited. A data projector, connected to the computer, projects annotations onto the paper and the tabletop. The computer uses a video camera, mounted next to the projector, to capture images. The system analyzes the images to determine page locations, orientations, and identifications. Thus the projected annotations appear locked to the page, moving and rotating as the user moves and rotates the page. -- Live Paper provides several page-based applications, called transparencies, including a 3D architecture visualizer, a music player, and a collaboration tool. All transparencies use a consistent set of projected buttons, with which the user interacts using his or her finger. -- The page-finding algorithms extract features from the captured images by segmenting (using Otsu grey-level thresholding) and analyzing the boundaries (using Freeman-Davis comer finding). The feature analysis stage examines these boundaries to find the pages. The thesis also presents the successful analysis of overlapping and occluded pages, based on a new application of perceptual occlusion techniques. -- To identify paper, Live Paper uses a novel method that does not require fiducials, works in non-ideal conditions, and uses low resolution video images. The system determines the similarity of found and stored pages using a modified Hausdorff Distance. The thesis presents a comparison of the Hausdorff measure with a Euclidean measure, using a set of sample pages including hand-written pages, presentations, journals, and paintings. -- The thesis reviews the transformations used to synchronize the locations from the captured image with the internal models and the projected workspace. The system design section includes details on how the hardware and software modules interact, and how programmers can add additional transparencies to the system. -- The Live Paper system successfully demonstrates a unique augmented environment where ordinary paper is the interface with the computer. This thesis lays a foundation for future research and development of a general purpose augmented tabletop.


identifier: Robertson, M. J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Robertson=3AM=2E_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Winter movement, activity and habitat use of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. parr in Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Knowledge of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. parr behaviour in wintering habitat is limited to a few studies suggesting that they are largely sedentary and primarily nocturnal in winter. In a series of field studies, radiotelemetry was used to investigate winter movement, activity and habitat use of Atlantic salmon parr in Newfoundland. In the natural rivers studied, Northeast Brook and Stoney River, Atlantic salmon parr remained active throughout the diel cycle in winter and utilised a variety of mesohabitats, even under stable environmental conditions. Based on the age of parr captured in fluvial habitats in early and mid-winter, young parr (2-3 yrs) appeared to overwinter in fluvial habitat while pre-smolts ( 4-6 yrs) did so in lacustrine habitat. In the regulated river studied, West Salmon River, landlocked Atlantic salmon parr were active throughout the diel cycle in winter. However, there was significantly less daytime than nighttime movement and movement declined significantly with increased fish size. Increases in flow from 1.3 m³ s⁻¹ (low) to 5.2 m³ s⁻¹ (high) for 24 hour periods did not affect fish habitat use, displacement or prey consumption. However, fish activity rates in late winter were lower at high flow than at low flow. The results of these studies supported recent laboratory research indicating that parr are not strictly nocturnal in winter and that individual variation in time spent foraging during the day may result from differences in the benefits of enhanced feeding and growth. The traditional view that Atlantic salmon parr are sedentary stream dwellers in winter, moving only in response to adverse stream conditions, was not supported by the results of the present studies.


identifier: Robinson, Patricia A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Robinson=3APatricia_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Mental health research: a path to personal, interpersonal, and political change for participant researchers?  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: People who have mental illnesses often find themselves being spoken "about" or spoken "for" by others. In contrast, this study is about directly obtaining the views of individuals who have or have had mental illnesses and have participated in research in roles other than as research subjects. The purpose of the study is to determine whether or not they believed that their research experiences positively contributed to their personal, interpersonal, and political lives, a proposition often held by professionals in the literature. The study also sought to determine the factors that were associated with their reported outcomes and whether they endorsed more participatory models of research. -- Multiple strategies were used to identify and recruit individuals that met the study criteria. Known consumer/survivor researchers were contacted directly, others were recruited through their attendance at conferences or through contact by other researchers. The study sample consisted primarily of white females over the age of 40, most of whom had post secondary degrees and who had had a variety of roles in their research experience. -- Scales were created that measured the extent to which respondents believed that their research experiences were participatory; the changes they had experienced in their personal, interpersonal, and political lives; and the degree to which they endorsed participatory methods of research. Bivariate Correlations and one-way ANOVAs were computed to test the relationships among the degree of "participatoriness" and respondent outcomes as well as the relationships between the participants' level of research experience, the research environment and their reported outcomes. -- Respondents were generally positive about the degree to which their research experiences were participatory and indicated that they had experienced some changes as a result of their research experiences. Their outcomes were significantly, positively related to the extent to which they felt their experiences were participatory. -- Social work research is fertile ground for participatory models of research, given the profession's commitment to the principles of social justice and empowerment. Social work education, particularly doctoral education, should expose students to these more inclusive research approaches and prepare them to engage in authentic participatory research models.


identifier: Rohail, Danial Bin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rohail=3ADanial_Bin=3A=3A.html>   (2012) Arsenic removal by sand filtration for potable water in rural Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The high concentration of arsenic in groundwater sources of Newfoundland has been reported by governmental departments and individual researchers. Arsenic uptake by human beings can cause the cancer of lungs, kidneys and skin. The National Health and Medical Research Council (2003), NHMRC, of Australia has set the maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for arsenic in drinking water at 7 μg/L. The main objective of this research was to find an economical and sustainable water treatment method for rural Newfoundland. The locally available sand was used as a filter media to treat the groundwater without the aid of chemicals. Leaching column studies were conducted to determine the ability of sand to treat the water without exceeding the arsenic levels of 7 μg/L. 1400 mL of high strength Wabana water (As: 62.91 μg/L and Fe: 11825.84 μg/L) could easily be treated using a small sand filled column (6.7 cm x 6.7 cm (dia. x length)) as compared to the 4,000 mL and 10,500 mL for mixtures of the high strength and normal Wabana waters in the ratios of 1:1 and 1:3, respectively. Combining aeration and dilution, 9,000 mL and 18,000 mL of 1:1 and 1:3 mixtures, respectively, were treated without exceeding the arsenic limit of 7 μg/L. The Fe/As ratio was a major factor affecting arsenic adsorption and column tests were conducted with the high strength Wabana water mixed with Freshwater water in 1:10 (Mix-1), 2:10 (Mix-2) and 3:10 (Mix-3) proportions. The 2:10 mixture performed better than the Mix-1 or Mix-3 mixtures. The arsenic concentration after treating 39,000 ml was 8.735 μg/L for the Mix-2 water and 23.93 μg/L and 12.315 μg/L for the Mix-1 and Mix-3 waters, respectively.


identifier: Roome, R. Brian <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Roome=3AR=2E_Brian=3A=3A.html>   (2013) A model of Endothelin-1-mediated focal ischemia in the mouse forelimb motor cortex.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Ischemic stroke is a debilitating medical event with the majority of sufferers experiencing long-term disability and motor impairments. While front line treatment such as anti-embolic medication and rehabilitation can improve the condition, many individuals remain significantly disabled. Experimental therapies involving genetic interventions hold potential for treatment of ischemic stroke, but many therapies go untested due to a lack of small cortical ischemic injury mode ls in the mouse. Models of ischemic stroke should be small, reproducible and produce measurable behavioural deficits in order to see recovery after therapy. Additionally, the injury should avoid damage to neural precursor cells (NPCs) which are often targeted by genetic approaches to modify their survivability and plasticity post stroke. This highlights the demand for a small cortical ischemic injury model in the mouse, where transgenic technologies can be used to their full potential. Existing models of ischemic injury, such as middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) produce large amounts of ischemic damage, but may prove more difficult to regenerate and/or eliminate behavioural deficits post-stroke. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, was used to induce ischemia in the mouse cortex. ET- 1 injected into the mouse cortex produced a small but significant infarct. To determine whether ET-1-induced infarcts could produce behavioural deficits, injections were targeted to the mouse forelimb motor cortex (FMC) and the amount of infarct encompassing the FMC was correlated with behavioural deficits. To analyze this, two-dimensional topological maps of cortical infarct depth were created and the deeper parts o r injury correlated with behavioural deficits. Using standard behavioural tests adapted for use with mice, the mouse staircase test was shown to correlate with FMC infarct location and depth. The mouse cylinder test of fore limb asymmetry did not correlate with FMC infarct location and depth; despite this, a new analysis termed paw-dragging did correlate with FMC infarct location and depth. The results demonstrated that the FMC is functionally subdivided such that staircase deficits correlated with damage to the anterior FMC as opposed to the posterior FMC. As well, a small cortical infarct produced by ET- l induced PC prolife ration and migration. At 14 days post-injection, there were significantly more neuroblasts in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the corpus callosum ipsilateral to injury. As NPCs proliferate and migrate toward ET-1-induced cortical infarcts, there is potential for therapeutic intervention to improve regeneration of lost tissue. This study provides a foundation for manipulating NPCs and analyzing their integration into the peri-infarct cortex.


identifier: Rose, Doyle <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rose=3ADoyle=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Molecular dynamics simulations of lung surfactant phospholipid monolayers.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Lung surfactant is a thin layer of lipids and proteins that lines the alveoli of the lungs. It enables breathing by lowering the surface tension at the air / water interface, thus preventing lung collapse during expiration and reducing the work necessary to re-expand the lung. The lipids are believed to be responsible for the reduction in surface tension, but the molecular mechanisms that bring about this reduction are not well understood. -- Molecular dynamics simulations are a means of studying the molecular interactions of the lung surfactant lipids. Molecular dynamics models a complex chemical system using detailed knowledge on the atomic scale. The GROMACS software package was used to model the interactions between the lung surfactant lipids. -- Simulations were performed on monolayers with different lipid compositions and at different packing densities. In tightly packed monolayers some lipids were observed to rise up out of the monolayer. In mixed monolayers there was no preference as to which type of lipid would rise. Tightly packed monolayers had large expansive lateral pressures that led to the calculation of negative surface tensions. Loosely packed monolayers had positive surface tensions that were similar to experimental measurements. Comparison to experiments might not be appropriate for tightly packed monolayers, since the interface between lipids and water was not flat.


identifier: Rose, Jessica <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rose=3AJessica=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Dynamical systems analysis of HIV immunopathogenesis and the effects of antiretroviral treatment interruption.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In the absence of a successful vaccine against HIV-1, alternative means to cope with the HIV pandemic have been explored. Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment is commonly prescribed to HIV-infected individuals in an attempt to control the infection. However, ARV treatment is very rigorous and generally comprises a highly toxic and costly multi-drug regimen designed for strict, life-long adherence. ARV treatment interruption is an alternative treatment strategy designed to maximize clinical benefits and alleviate some of the complications associated with continuous treatment. It is theorized that treatment interruption can reset the virological setpoint by inducing controlled resurgences of virus to boost HIV -specific CD8+ T cell activity to control viral replication. -- Dynamical systems analysis is a mathematical tool used to describe the behavior of complex systems. This allows an unobtrusive, safe way to test treatment interruption regimens. I have developed a novel mathematical model that describes the dynamical interactions between HIV-specific T cell and virus populations for two clinically-defined subgroups of HIV-1-infected individuals called fast and slow progressors. The model is based on antiviral activity imposed by HIV-specific CD8+ T cells that specifically target the virus by removing virally-infected cells and the model accurately mimics clinical dis ease progression patterns in these subgroups. Model results accurately predict that treatment interruption induces resurgence of virus to boost HIV-specific CD8+ T cell activity in both subgroups, but does not reset the virological  setpoint in either. These results are experimentally corroborated through an assessment of quantitative and qualitative changes in HIV-specific CD8+ T cell activities when virus loads are high (off-treatment) and low/ undetectable (on-treatment).  -- In this thesis, I provide an introduction to HIV and dynamical systems, a complete analysis of the model derived to describe HIV immunopathogenesis, a report on clinical and experimental observation of a small cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals and a description of the integration of the mathematical, clinical and experimental results.


identifier: Rose, Jill J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rose=3AJill_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Do not take part in her sins (Rev. 18:4): Revelation's critique of commerce in the Roman Empire.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The book of Revelation in the New Testament is addressed to seven churches in Asia Minor. But it is not simply a letter to these churches. Rather, it is an apocalypse, an "uncovering" or "revelation" of the future in esoteric and symbolic language. Apocalypses have always been difficult to interpret because of their arcane symbolism and obscure references. The book of Revelation in particular has been the subject of many speculative interpretations among those who see it as some sort of record of future events. Recent modern scholarship, however, has focussed more and more on the historical circumstances which gave rise to the writing of Revelation in an effort to uncover the intention of the author. This thesis is situated within this context of modern scholarship and seeks to uncover the intention of the author by examining the historical background which may have given rise to it. -- The esoteric and symbolic language of first-century apocalypses was often a veiled criticism of the might and power of the Roman empire. But the criticism was almost always vague and general. The argument of this thesis is that the book of Revelation is different in that its critique of Rome is very specific and focuses on the ideology which drives trade and commerce within the Empire. The Empire was founded on a polytheistic culture. The author of Revelation sees clearly why in this culture the worship of Roman gods is so all pervasive: it is because it goes hand in hand with trade and commerce, which were activities in which almost everyone, by necessity, was involved. The author of Revelation finds polytheistic worship unacceptable. Only the worship of the one true God is acceptable. But his criticism of polytheism extends beyond simple repudiation of the gods of Rome to the criticism of trade and commerce because he sees the two as bound together. This makes his message unique in the New Testament. This thesis is an examination of why and how he sees the worship of Roman gods and commerce and trade as so inextricably linked together and what the implications of such an indissoluble union are.


identifier: Rose-Taylor, C. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rose-Taylor=3AC=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Acoustic seabed classification of demersal capelin spawning habitat in coastal northeast Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this study, acoustic remote sensing tools and techniques were used to map, classify and characterize demersal (off beach) capelin (Mallotus villosus, Mülller, 1776) spawning. -- Historically, capelin are known to spawn on and near modem gravel beaches in coastal Newfoundland and demersally on the Southeast Shoal on the Grand Banks. Recently, capelin were observed spawning demersally at seven sites on the northeast coast of Newfoundland. These demersal sites were compared to previously studied beach sites around Newfoundland. Sea water temperature was determined to be the primary factor controlling the occurrence of capelin spawning. Spawning can occur on beaches or demersally when sea water temperatures are between 2°C and 12°C. Depth and temperature are highly correlated such that the depth of the capelin spawning sites was dependent on the depth of the 2°C to 12°C isotherms. -- The second factor that controls capelin spawning is seafloor sediment. Beach and demersal spawning occurred on poorly-sorted postglacial sand and gravel sediments at water depths of 18 m to 33 m. The postglacial sediments from these sites are linked to changes in sea-level and may have been deposited around 8600 (radiocarbon) years ago when the postglacial lowstand of the sea-level of the study area was situated 17-18 m below present sea-level. -- Supervised acoustic classification identified four different seabed types: fine sand, gravel (a mixture of medium sand to coarse pebble), cobble-boulder-bedrock, and macroalgae. Capelin spawning at most sites occurred on gravel, but at two sites spawning was associated with fine sand. The supervised acoustic classification of the seabed was achieved by matching acoustic signatures to ground-truth data from grab samples and images captured with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with a video camera.


identifier: Ross, Elizabeth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ross=3AElizabeth=3A=3A.html>   (2011) From Gurdjieff to Gremlins: teaching methods of a present-day fourth way school.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In the early years of the twentieth century a man named Georgi Ivanovitch Gurdjieff (1866?-1949) began teaching in Russia a system of personal growth that would become known as the Fourth Way. Despite Gurdjieff’s personal eccentricities, e developed a loyal following and on his death left the continuation of his system in the hands of one of his students, Jeanne de Salzmann. De Salzmann created the Gurdjieff Foundations, dedicated to preserving Gurdjieff’s teachings as they stood at the time of his death. In a paper presented to the CESNUR-INFORM Conference in 2001, Sophia Wellbeloved identified Gurdjieff groups as falling, roughly, into two categories: those who followed Gurdjieff’s teachings to the letter, without additions or alterations, to the best of their abilities, such as the Gurdjieff Foundations, and those who preferred to teach the work in the spirit of Gurdjieff, adapting the work over time. Tribe is a Fourth Way school located in Navasota, Texas which falls into the second category, incorporating contemporary books that would fall under the category of self-help, and rituals drawn from Wicca and Lakota practices into their teaching materials. In this paper I seek to examine the teaching methods and materials of Tribe in relation to Gurdjieff’s original teachings of the Fourth Way.


identifier: Rowe, Aaron <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rowe=3AAaron=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Ruthenium Oxide sol-gels and carbon-supported ruthenium oxide composites for use in supercapacitors.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The major goal of this research was to prepare and characterize highly capacitive materials containing ruthenium oxide for use in supercapacitors. This was achieved by fabricating high surface area materials in efforts to produce minimized mass loadings of ruthenium oxide with maximized electrochemical contributions to capacitance. -- Ruthenium oxide-titanium oxide hydrogels with a maximum specific capacitance of 10 F g⁻¹ were prepared via a sol-gel method. During voltammetric cycling, these gels experienced leaching of ruthenium into the electrolyte which slowly diminished their capacitive capabilities. Subsequent annealing partially resolved the leaching issue, but the hydrogel stability remained questionable. -- Carbon-supported ruthenium oxide composites were prepared using two types of high surface area carbon black as the supports onto which ruthenium nanoparticles were deposited via reduction of a ruthenium precursor. After deposition of the metal, ruthenium oxide was generated primarily by aging in air. Elemental analysis was used to elucidate the combined mass percent of ruthenium metal and/or oxide in the composites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that RuO₂ was the dominant oxide species and that unconverted ruthenium metal was present in the composites. X-ray diffraction confirmed this, with a mean ruthenium metal particle size of ca. 3.1 nm, while a mean ruthenium oxide particle size of 8.9 nm was found via transmission electron microscopy. The existence of ruthenium metal "cores" surrounded by ruthenium oxide "shells" was proposed to explain these results. Capacitance was measured via cyclic voltammetry. The highest specific capacitance of all the composites was 574 F g⁻¹. A maximum specific capacitance of 758 F g⁻¹ was found for ruthenium oxide itself amongst all composites.


identifier: Rowsell, LoriLynn <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rowsell=3ALoriLynn=3A=3A.html>   (2005) The impact of an academic support program on the success and performance of at-risk freshmen residence students.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study investigated the effects of an academic support program on at-risk freshmen students living in residence. The study sought to determine if academic averages and student persistence at university was impacted by an intervention program. The locally developed program at Memorial University's residence addressed topics including study skills, test anxiety and time management. The effects of several demographic factors (such as gender, origin of students, and academic entrance average) were also assessed. Data collected included: academic entrance average, students' year of study, end-of-semester academic average, gender, place of origin (urban or rural) of students, continuance at university the next fall semester, and use of the "forgiveness clause" (a university regulation allowing students to return to university once after failing out). Results indicated that attending or providing only one type of intervention program to students, as was done for this research, is not an effective means in improving retention or academic averages. Data collected on demographic factors was largely not significant. Recommendations for future research include using multiple or alternative interventions, identifying other factors that may affect students, using a larger sample, collecting information over a longer time period, and providing more focused and personalized academic supports.


identifier: Rowsell, Marsha Rose <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rowsell=3AMarsha_Rose=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Multifaceted origins of child social anxiety: assessing temperamental and psychological vulnerabilities.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of the present study was to assess youth temperamental and psychological variables that interact in the expression of social anxiety. Specifically, this study examined whether significant associations exist between a) behavioural inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity and social anxiety, negative affect and social anxiety, and positive affect and social anxiety, and b) whether parental control moderates the predicted relationships between BIS sensitivity and child social anxiety, negative affect and child social anxiety, and positive affect and child social anxiety. Finally, this study examined c) whether parental expressiveness moderates the predicted relationship between child social anxiety and positive affect. BIS sensitivity, positive affect, and negative affect were assessed in a non-clinical sample of children aged 9 to 13. Parental control and expressiveness were assessed in one of each of the children's parents. As predicted, BIS sensitivity and negative affect were both significantly and positively correlated with social anxiety, and parental control moderated the BIS sensitivity-social anxiety relationship. In contrast with predictions, the negative affect-social anxiety relationship was not moderated by parental control and positive affect was not significantly correlated with social anxiety. This study highlights some important implications of these findings as well as some possible limitations. Future directions are discussed.


identifier: Roy, Kshama Sundar <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Roy=3AKshama_Sundar=3A=3A.html>   (2012) Finite element analyses of soil/pipeline interactions in sand with an advanced soil constitutive model.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Inexorable demand of energy intensified the search for oil and gas in remote and harsh regions. The operations related to exploration and production of oil and gas has been increased significantly over the last 30 years. The liquid hydrocarbon and natural gas products are usually transported through pipelines, which traverse large distances through a variety of soils. Failure of such pipelines could cause a significant economic loss and environmental damage. Geohazards and the associated ground movement represent a significant threat to pipeline integrity that may result in pipeline damage and potential failure. Safe, economic and reliable operation of pipeline transportation systems is the primary goal of the pipeline operators and regulatory agencies. Pipelines are usually buried or partially embedded into the seabed. To develop a reliable pipelines design method the complex behaviour of seabed sediment (soil) and soil/pipeline interaction should be properly modeled and analyzed. -- Finite element (FE) modeling has been widely used for predicting the response of buried pipelines. One of the main challenges in FE modeling of buried pipelines is to use appropriate soil constitutive model. Most of the FE analyses used built-in soil constitutive models in available commercial FE software. However, their prediction might be better if an advanced soil constitutive model is used. -- The main objective of this research is to perform finite element modeling for analyzing the response of pipelines buried in sand. The primary focus of this research is to adopt an advanced soil constitutive model which might have a significant impact on pipeline response due to soil movement and to implement it in the commercial finite element software package ABAQUS with a user defined subroutine UMA T. All the analyses presented are in drained condition. -- In this study numerical analyses of soil/pipeline interaction are performed using the built-in Mohr-Coulomb soil constitutive model in ABAQUS FE program. This study shows the limitations and advantages of this constitutive model. Reviewing available soil constitutive models in the literature, it is identified that NorSand soil model proposed by Jefferies (1993) could better simulate the behaviour of sand particularly the dilation under monotonic loading. NorSand soil constitutive model implemented in ABAQUS FE software using user defined subroutine UMA T is used for modeling the response of pipelines under lateral, vertical (upward) and oblique loading events. Finite element analyses are also performed with built-in Mohr-Coulomb model. It is shown that the NorSand UMA T can simulate better the force displacement behaviour including the post-peak softening, which cannot be done with Mohr-Coulomb model with a constant dilation angle. The failure envelope obtained with NorSand UMAT for combined lateral and vertical (upward) oblique loading for a deep burial pipeline in dense sand is comparable with the analytical solution and previous numerical analyses.


identifier: Roy, Prodyut Kumer <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Roy=3AProdyut_Kumer=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Model predictive control of a multivariable soil heating process.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Multivariable control has been a challenging research area in process control, particularly for dynamically coupled and nonlinear time varying process systems. Since 1960, various multivariable control techniques have been proposed in the literature to address these issues. Out of these techniques Model Predictive Control (MPC) based control methodologies has received considerable attention during last few decades. -- The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive analysis of different MPC techniques that can be used for a wider class of multivariable process systems. MPC schemes use a model to predict the future behavior of the process to be controlled and the control move that provides the minimum future error is chosen to drive the system. The model employed in the MPC scheme is generally a linear model. The representation of the linear model in two different forms, parametric form or weighting sequence form, has developed two popular and widely accepted MPC techniques, such as Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) and Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) based MPC techniques. Although the GPC representation is the most advanced form of MPC, the DMC technique is popular in industrial applications. The strict linear representation of the process model in the above MPC schemes is insufficient to provide better response results against nonlinear and time varying systems. To overcome this issue, two approaches are incorporated: (a) adaptive MPC design and (b) fuzzy modeling. The adaptive structure uses an online parameter identification technique using the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) method. The fuzzy MPC system uses the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) type fuzzy rule based model structure. Each rule of the TS system represents a local linear model of the process. This particular feature is exploited to extract the linearaized parameters of the fuzzy model in order to define an adaptive fuzzy MPC system using the RLS technique. The performances of the two adaptive MPC schemes are verified against a simulated multivariable nonlinear soil heating process system. The control objective is to maintain a desired temperature profile of the soil heating system, while tracking the temperatures outputs at three different locations in the soil sample. Three heaters are located at the outer surface of the soil cell and considered as point heat sources in the model. The soil heating system is modeled using the general purpose ABAQUS finite element program and is dynamically linked with the FORTRAN based control code to achieve a realistic simulation. In order to show the effectiveness, the performances of the proposed control schemes are compared against the tracking performances of the linear model-based non-adaptive MPC techniques. A decoupled multivariable PID control scheme is also developed in this study to justify the superiority of the MPC based control strategies. The simulations results suggest the superior performance of the proposed adaptive MPC schemes against other linear MPC techniques.


identifier: Roy, Purna <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Roy=3APurna=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Situational storytelling for children and young adults in Bengali households: a study of texts in contexts.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is an ethnographic study of storytelling traditions in Bengali households in Calcutta, India. I examine and analyze situational storytelling traditions in private family settings and show how sessions serve the dual purpose of entertaining and instilling in children a sense of cultural norms and values. It is an investigation of the telling of oral folk narratives, observing the narrators and the audiences as a complex whole, in expressing a culture. I explore situational storytelling sessions in family settings from three perspectives: i) the contexts and situations under which stories are told ii) what meanings the stories hold in the life of the narrator and iii) how stories are used as a medium of social control. I also analyze how the genre and content of women's stories reflect their perspectives on their positions in the family and how these narratives lend women a voice to express their deepest feelings and thoughts in the garb of a simple tale.


identifier: Ruangwech, Supangpen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ruangwech=3ASupangpen=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Development of a submersible escape capsule for offshore structures.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: During the past 20 years, many accidents in offshore oil and gas industry have taken away the lives of many workers. A new type of evacuation system is introduced in this research. Whereas, all other evacuation systems developed were purposely designed to remove an entire crew from a structure during emergencies, this research describes the development of a high speed escape capsule that could remove a single person from the structure. Capsules would be placed at strategic locations on the deck of the structure. During an emergency each capsule would be catapulted from the deck to the ocean surface. To avoid the effect of strong wind and waves, after impact with the ocean surface, the capsule would sink into the ocean down to a level where water motions are insignificant and wait until the storm subsides. This research focuses only on the post impact trajectory of the capsule beneath the ocean surface. A physical model of the capsule was designed. Two front thrusters were used to generate surge and yaw motions. Heave and pitch motions were controlled by another thruster located at the back. A pressure transducer was used to measure depth, and a digital compass was used to determine direction. A Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) was used to control the motion of the capsule using an I²C bus to send PWM signals to 20 Amp drivers. A SIMULINK model was developed to study control strategies and the influence of various vehicle parameters. The model capsule was tested in the Deep Water Tank in Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science at Memorial University of Newfoundland and in the Offshore Engineering Basin at the Institute for Ocean Technology. The simulations and tests showed that the capsule can move smoothly along preset trajectories.


identifier: Rumbolt, Perry <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rumbolt=3APerry=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Fisheries evolution: aquaculture as a means to support displaced harvesters and rejuvenate rural economies in Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The fishing industry has always played an important role in the socioeconomic stability of Newfoundland and Labrador. This is not surprising when one takes into account the biological sociological, and economic constraints placed on early settlers. However, as a result, current demographic changes are significantly affected by changes in the capture fishery and outport communities throughout this province are seeing increased levels of outmigration and even the loss of their local work force. This paper examined how the aquaculture industry is affecting the socioeconomic climate in two locations in Newfoundland and Labrador (the Green Bay and the Coast of Bays areas) in an attempt to determine how effective it may be in helping reduce outmigration and rejuvenating outport communities. A questionnaire was developed and community leaders and individuals involved in the aquaculture industry were interviewed. It was felt that the aquaculture industry, in the areas studied, was providing a significant source of employment and was helping revitalize local communities. In conclusion, it is believed that while the aquaculture industry will not be able to reduce outmigration in all outport communities, it is a viable option for several communities in addition to the fishery.


identifier: Rupp, Guilherme Sabino <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rupp=3AGuilherme_Sabino=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Influences of food availability and abiotic factors on growth and survival of the lion's paw scallop Nodipecten nodosus (Linnaeus, 1758) from a subtropical environment.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The lion's paw scallop Nodipecten (=Lyropecten) nodosus is the largest native pectinid in Brazil and has great potential for aquaculture. Cultivation of postlarvae, which is initially carried out in land-based facilities and subsequently in the sea, is an essential step in scallop husbandry, usually involving high costs and high mortalities. The influence of food availability on postlarval growth and survival early after metamorphosis, have been controversial. After deployment in the sea-based culture, postlarvae are subject to uncontrolled environmental variables, which in the subtropical study region display an unusual pattern of variation. The importance of food availability and abiotic environmental factors on growth, survival and byssal attachment of postlarval N nodosus at its southern distribution limit was examined using laboratory and field approaches, aiming to resolve some of the existing controversies and to provide biological information to facilitate the development of scallop farming in Brazil. -- The presence of epiflora on the spat collectors enhanced settlement, but not growth. Availability of suspended algae begins to support growth 3-5 days after settlement (230-250 μm shell height), but larval energy reserves were sufficient to meet metabolic demand during the period in which suspension feeding is not functional, with no indications of food deprivation-induced mortality. -- After the postlarvae were deployed in the sea, temperature was the major environmental factor affecting growth, with food availability having a negligible influence. Scallops deployed in the sea-based nursery at a size of 0.5 mm (2 weeks post- set), grew faster and had similar percentage retrievals than those deployed 2-3 weeks later and retrieved simultaneously from the sea. -- Sub-surface intrusions of cold and phytoplankton-rich waters from South Atlantic Central Water influenced a near-shore(< 0.51an) site in late summer-early autumn, resulting in oscillating temperatures and high PIM, reducing postlarval growth. Such a phenomenon was not observed in late autumn-early winter. -- N. nodosus is eurythermal but stenohaline tropical species, adults being less tolerant of high temperature and low salinity than spat. Survival was maximized at salinities above 29 psu and at temperatures between 15 and 28°C. At ambient salinity, the maximum rate of byssal attachment occurred at 19-27°C and 23-27°C for spat and juveniles, respectively. These are the suggested temperatures most favourable for growth. -- There is a large potential for growing postlarval and juvenile N. nodosus in coastal areas of southern Brazil, where growth and retrievals can be maximised by adjusting the size and season of deployment, culture depth, and by selecting an adequate site.


identifier: Russell, Heather Rose <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Russell=3AHeather_Rose=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Evangelicalism in the Anglican Church in nineteenth-century Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Evangelicalism, a Protestant movement whose beginnings can be traced to eighteenth-century Great Britain, had also a vital presence in Newfoundland from 1819 to 1844. This thesis studies the three main Newfoundland-based Church of England Evangelicals, Aubrey George Spencer, Thomas Finch Hobday Bridge, and Robert Traill Spence Lowell. During this period, Newfoundland was not a diocese of its own, but part of the larger diocese of Nova Scotia until 1839 when Newfoundland and Bermuda became a separate diocese with Spencer as bishop. -- The distinguishing hallmarks of Evangelicals, in comparison to other religious groups, have been defined by David W. Bebbington. The thesis, therefore, seeks to use Bebbington' s characteristics to determine the Evangelicalism of Spencer, Bridge, and Lowell. Bebbington’s four characteristics are: the urgent need to accept Christ as one's personal saviour and experience a change of life and heart (conversionism), tireless ministerial, educational, and benevolent activities, including an active opposition to Roman Catholics and other religious competitors (activism), a deep reverence for Scripture as the supreme religious and ethical norm (biblicism), and belief in Christ's death as the central salvific event to secure salvation (crucicentrism). -- Chapter One begins by examining the state-of-the-question. This is followed by a brief explanation of each of Bebbington' s characteristics, not only as Bebbington himself defines them globally for all Evangelicals, but also as each one affected the Newfoundland context. -- Chapter Two examines Missionary Societies, an integral element of the conversion-oriented and educational activities of Evangelicals. While such societies as the Church Missionary Society and the American Home Missionary Society are briefly explored, a more detailed examination is allotted to merchant Samuel Codner's Newfoundland School Society, not only because of Spencer's and Bridge's involvement, but also because the society represented Great Britain's first successful attempt to educate the poor children of Newfoundland. -- Chapters Three through Five, which represent the main portion of the thesis, deal with Spencer, Bridge, and Lowell. Each chapter begins with a short biography, followed by an exploration of their work and thought, employing Bebbington' s characteristics as a guide. Included in this examination are ecclesiastical, educational, and benevolent activities that encompass not only their missionary labours, church work, educational work, and societal involvement, but also their active opposition of Roman Catholics and Tractarians. Their thinking about conversion, the value of Scripture, and the issue of Christ's death are also included. Throughout, sermons, treatises, letters, novels, and other writings are used as sources. Each chapter concludes with a discussion to what extent these men were Evangelicals. -- Chapter Six sums up the major findings. The conclusion of this thesis is that these men were all Evangelicals, but each one varied as to his religious or ethical emphases. Lowell, for example, did not explicitly promote conversionism and its doctrine of assurance, but was all the more virulently opposed to Catholicism. Also, Spencer and Lowell championed the Bible as a means of private devotion, whereas Bridge did not. -- The demise of Church of England Evangelicalism in nineteenth-century Newfoundland began with Bishop Spencer's departure for Jamaica and his replacement by the Tractarian Bishop Feild. Hence, the religious climate in nineteenth-century Newfoundland shifted away from Evangelicalism, although it was never totally extinguished. Where applicable throughout the main body of the thesis, Feild's views are compared to those of Spencer, Bridge, and Lowell.