title: Thermal Optimization of Flat Plate PCM Capsules in Natural Convection Solar Water Heating Systems

contributor:
Lightstone, M.F.
Cotton, J.S.
Protas, B.
Computational Engineering and Science

subject:
geometry
phase change material
NC
SDHW
Computational Engineering
Computer-Aided Engineering and Design
Energy Systems
Engineering Physics
Fluid Dynamics
Heat Transfer, Combustion
Computational Engineering

abstract: This research is concerned with CFD modelling of thermal energy storage tanks containing water with submerged phase change materials (PCM). Under appropriate operating conditions, the energy density of this hybrid system can be significantly increased (two to five times) relative to a system containing water only. However, due to low thermal conductivity of phase change materials, the geometry and configurations of the PCM capsules in the tank should be optimized. This research focused on the assessment of flat plate PCM modules submerged in a rectangular water tank. The encapsulation of the PCM within the slender flat plates resulted in a large PCM surface area and a reduction in the internal heat transfer resistance. The water was heated by coils placed at the bottom of the tank. The resulting natural convection currents acted to transfer heat from the hot coils to the PCM modules which were treated as isothermal at the PCM melt temperature. It is concluded that the charge rate of the system increases to 2.8 times by increasing the PCM volume percentage from 2.5% to 15%. However for PCM volume percentages of more than 15%, the area of the PCM became much more than the area of the coil (around 15 times) in a way that the charge rate of the system started to be controlled by the coil. In this stage, the charge rate of the system remained constant, and adding modules to the system only increased the heat capacity of the system. Therefore the charge rate of the system could only increase if the coil surface area was increased. The heat transfer coefficients of the PCM modules and coil tubes were higher than those evaluated by the experimental correlations for natural convection. This was due to the recirculation of the flow in the tank “pumping effect” created by the coil for PCM modules and by the PCM modules for the coil. It was also concluded that superheating of the PCM surface temperature decreases the heat transfer rate to the PCM significantly, and the charge rate of the system varies linearly with the temperature difference between the PCM modules and the coil.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Xenophon's View of Sparta: a study of the Anabasis, Hellenica and Respub/ica Lacedaemoniorum

contributor:
Paul, George M.
Classics

subject: Classic

subject: Sparta

subject: Hellenica and Respub/ica Lacedaemoniorum.

subject: Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity

subject: Classical Literature and Philology

subject: Classics

subject: Other Classics

abstract:
This thesis has two primary aims: 1) to add weight to the minority opinion that Xenophon is not naively pro-Spartan and that while he appreciates and admires certain facets of the Spartan socio-political system, he recognises and criticises its inherent flaws, and 2) to show that Xenophon is consistent and even-handed in his treatment of Spartans throughout his works with no significant alteration over the period of his literary output. The focus is on those works in which Spartans figure most prominently: the Anabasis, Hellenica, and Respublica Lacedaemoniorum; the Agesilaus and Cyropaedia are dealt with insofar as they complement and illuminate matters under discussion.

The first two chapters show that very little is known with certainty about Xenophon's life and the chronology of the relevant works. I argue that this lack of factual evidence has opened the way for scholars to make inaccurate and misleading speculations in support of the traditional view that Xenophon is uncritically pro-Spartan. In the next two chapters various Spartan leaders in the Anabasis and Hellenica are examined with respect to the qualities which Xenophon believed a good leader should possess. It is concluded that Xenophon shows no obvious bias toward Spartans in either work; praise and criticism are apportioned as due. The fifth chapter considers the Respublica Lacedaemoniorum with emphasis on those aspects of the Spartan lifestyle which bear most directly on the way Spartan leaders function. The standard view of the work as encomiastic is challenged and its purpose is reassessed. I argue that Xenophon simply presents an analysis of those Spartan laws and institutions which he believed allowed Sparta to rise to pre-eminence in the Greek world. A comparison with what he says elsewhere shows that he did not necessarily consider these laws to be ideal or worthy of imitation. A short conclusion draws attention to the consistency in Xenophon's attitude to Sparta in the works considered.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Analysis of the Demand for Government of Canada Marketable Debt

subject:
Gov.
Debt
Canada
Marketable debt
Economics
Economics

abstract: The primary objective of this thesis is to provide a systematic analysis of the Portfolio behaviour of the principal holders of Government of Canada securities, particularly insofar as these latter securities are concerned. The main non-government participants in the market for these securities are categorized as chartered banks, non-bank financial institutions, which are further subdivided into deposit-type and insurance-type institutions, and non-financial corporations. Si~ce institutional and legal considerations differ considerably with respect to their impact on the investment behaviour of the groups studied, these aspects are examined in varying degrees of detail for each group. Empirical evidence is examined to determine the changes in the portfolio structure of these institutions over time and regression analysis is used to isolate the principal determinants of the demand for Government of Canada securities on the part of each of the above-mentioned groups. To provide a theoretical basis for an assessment of the appropriate explanatory variables and the direction of influence of these variables, a model of portfolio behaviour is developed for the deposit-type institutions. The results of this analysis are used in the specification and interpretation of demand equations for federal government securities on the part of these institutions. The thesis commences by providing a background with respect to the characteristics of the public debt and the growth in the debt over time and concludes with a summary of the results reached in the main body of empirical analysis.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Synchronization of Earth Stations to a Communications Switching Satellite

contributor:
Haykin, S. S.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
The problem of synchronizing earth stations to the switching sequence of the SDMA/SS-TDMA communications satellite system described by COMSAT Laboratories is examined in detail. System synchronization is discussed and two techniques for locking the time bases of all earth stations to the sync window of the satellite are described.

It is established that synchronization for an individual earth station can be separated into three distinct modes of operation called the coarse search mode, the fine search mode and the tracking mode. Three different methods for achieving coarse search synchronization are described.

In the fine search mode, the synchronization loop is analysed assuming that the pertinent earth station transmits sync bursts which are modulated by the sync window. Results of this analysis show that a receiver configuration employing an integrator provides a set of error detection characteristics which relate an error voltage measured in the earth station to the timing error measured at the satellite. It is shown that the average timing error is reduced to zero with successive transmissions of sync bursts around the loop.

The timing error due to constant velocity satellite motion can be eliminated by employing a tracking network. The tracking network uses an integrator to adjust the earth station time base clock.

A laboratory model, which closely approximates the actual physical model used in the theory, has been designed and constructed. The coarse search, fine search and tracking modes of operation are all included in this experimental study, and a provision which simulates satellite motion is described. Details of experiments, which confirm the theoretical predictions, are provided.

The major contributions of the thesis are summarized below.

(1) A technique for providing synchronization for all earth stations operating in the system, employing three control stations, is described.

(2) A new technique for achieving coarse search synchronization using coded search signals has been developed.

(3) Three new implementations of the sync burst have been described.

(4) The behaviour of the synchronization loop has been analysed in detail and a concept using error detection characteristics has been explored.

(5) A tracking network can be employed to eliminate timing errors caused by constant velocity satellite motion.

(6) A laboratory model has been designed and constructed.

(7) A special coherent receiver for demodulating bursts of PSK signals has been developed.

(8) Results of experiments using the laboratory model are demonstrated to agree closely with theoretical predictions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Cyclical Relationship Between Real Wages and Employment

contributor:
Scarth, W.M.
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract:
The standard textbook Keynesian macro model predicts counter-cyclical movements of real wages when cycles are assumed to be caused by aggregate demand shocks. However, most of the empirical work seemed to suggest that real wages actually moved procyclically. Rather than abandon any crucial assumptions in the "micro base" of the model (i.e. perfect competition, diminishing returns, and variable coefficients of production ) , neoclassical theorists either modified the standard model in other ways, or "refined and clarified" the nature of the data required to test this model. While the "statistical clarifications" are for the most part well grounded theoretically, the theoretical modifications were generally found to contain undesirable features. In response to this, two models were developed which could explain- procyclical real wage movements and which did not contain any undesirable features.

The empirical part of the thesis involved testing four different hypotheses about the determination of employment, taking into account the "statistical refinements" suggested in the literature. We found that the data rejected both of the models developed in the theoretical part of the thesis. In addition, we found that the best specification of the labour market was "employment equals the minimum of demand and supply", and since most of the observations were to be found on the demand curve, a simple fitting of a labour demand curve would do as an approximation. Frictional unemployment and vacancies were found to be important in the determination of employment , but were not easily modelled. None of these modifications, neither the "theoretical" nor the "statistical", had any significant effect on the coefficient relating real wages and employment. Though this was consistently significantly negative, it was too small~in absolute size, causing us to reject the Cobb-Douglas specification of the production function. Finally, using time series methods, a causal relation was found running from real wages to employment when wages were deflated by the wholesale price index. However, this relationship disappeared when wages were deflated by industry selling prices.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: "Witness Against War": Pacifism in Canada, 1900-1945

contributor:
Allen, Richard
History

subject:
Arts and Humanities
History
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
The twentieth century has been a time of world wars, violent revolutions and radical social movements. Conversely, perhaps in response to the former, there has also been an upsurge in the phenomenon of pacifism, especially in the English speaking world. This thesis examines the development of pacifism in Canada in the first half of this century and describes its radicalization in conjunction with the trend towards radical social change. However, although pacifism in Canada, as elsewhere in the Western world, was in a state of transition during this period, the manner and degree of its transformation reflected its peculiar composition.

Canadian pacifism can trace its origins to a varied European, British and American past inspired by religious belief. However, unlike the British pacifist movement which was also heavily secular, and the American, with its enlightenment and isolationist tendencies, the Canadian pacifist heritage \Va s rooted in two distinct but complementary traditions~ both of which were heavily religious in character. One was the historic non-resistance of pacifist religious sects which tried to remain separate from the social mainstream. The other was the liberal Protestant and humanitarian tradition associated with the progressive reform movement. Both traditions underwent an important transition in the course of maintaining a pacifist witness against war during the twentieth century.

Although sectarian pacifists, by far the largest and most consistent element in Canadian pacifism, made a far-reaching adjustment within Canadian society, it was liberal pacifists who experienced a general radicalization. From the time of the First War increasing numbers of those who wished to exercise a pacifist witness were forced to abandon liberal reformism for some variant of the socialist creed. In effect, liberal pacifist ideals were combined with radical criticism of Canadian social, political and economic structures. Although liberal pacifist hopes resurfaced in post-war enthusiasm for the league of Nations and the disarmament campaign, the inter-war peace movement, including such groups as the Society of Friends, the Women1s International league for Peace and Freedom, the Fellowship of Reconciliation and the Fellowship for a Christian Social Order, reflected the socially radical pacifism the Great War had bred. This became especially evident during the depression and for a time it appeared a pacifist-socialist alignment was in the forefront of Canadian social thought. Increased international violence by the mid-thirties, however, placed pacifists in a serious crisis -- their pursuit of social justice came into direct conflict with their commitment to non-violence. Consequently, as social radicals began to abandon pacifism for the fight against fascism, the Canadian peace movement was severely weakened.

With the exception of the Quakers, who bridged the primary division in the Canadian peace movement, the historic peace sects were not as open to view, but once confronted with the renewed challenge of conscription in the 1940's, sectarian pacifists joined with socially active pacifists in a concerted effort to preserve the right of individual conscience and to resist compulsory military service. Some pacifists, especially those with liberal roots, went further and sought and found a realistic pacifist response to wartime conditions, over and above moral indignation or isolation. Regardless of their precise actions, however, Canadian pacifists successfully exercised their witness against war.

The chronological development of pacifism and pacifist organizations discussed in the thesis reflects the historical evidence gathered from primary sources across Canada, from private papers and government records to files of organizations. Moreover, much of the record has been confirmed, enhanced and extended through personal correspondence and numerous oral interviews with Canadian pacifists of the period.

The thesis concludes that Canadian pacifists were a small but forceful minority who exercised a dual function in Canada: prophecy of an ideal of peace and justice and reconciliation of wartime tensions in society. Above all, however, in its uncompromising emphasis upon questions of conscience, the pacifist witness against war both directly and indirectly helped preserve enduring moral principles underlying Canadian culture.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Capacity Quantification of Two-Way Arching Reinforced Masonry Walls under Blast Loads

contributor:
El-Dakhakhni, Wael
Mekky, Waleed
Civil Engineering

subject:
arching
blast loading
blast scaling
experimental testing
out-of-plane
reinforced masonry
Civil Engineering
Structural Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract: The focus of this study is on evaluating the performance of nine, one-third scale, arching, reinforced masonry (RM) walls subjected to blast loads and three, one-third scale arching, RM walls subjected to out-of-plane static airbag loads. These RM walls were supported on four sides to enforce two-way arching allowing the ability to monitor individual response to varying levels of blast loads and standoff distances. The uniformity of the blast pressure and impulse were ensured by a specifically designed test enclosure, diminishing the wrap-around and clearing effects, allowing valuable data to be documented. The damage levels noted, ranged from Superficial to Blowout compared directly to the CSA S850-12 performance limits. The outcome of this experiment demonstrates the beneficial effect of two-way arching on the flexural behaviour of RM walls under impulsive loading. The use of two-way arching RM walls significantly reduces structural damage and increases out-of-plane resistance, which in turn enhances the overall structural integrity and building preservation. Further, when subjected to blast, two-way arching RM walls considerably reduces debris and their dispersal, thus increasing public safety and minimizing hazard levels. When using the experimental test data results to calibrate finite element models (FEM), more analytical data points can be obtained and therefore getting a larger range of scaled distances and trials. The validation of the LS-DYNA model can be used as an alternative to the costly experimental data, as the information collected concluded that the FEM gave damage patterns and failure modes that were comparable with experimental results. The test data collected provides a better understanding of RM wall response to blast loads and to the ongoing Masonry Blast Performance Database (MBPD) project at McMaster University. The generated MBPD will in turn contribute to masonry design clauses in the future editions of the recently introduced Canadian Standards CSA S850-12 “Design and Assessment of Buildings Subjected to Blast Loads”.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Hardware-based Parallel Computing for Real-time Simulation of Soft-object Deformation

contributor:
Sirouspour, Shahin
Nicolici, Nicola
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Hardware-based Parallel Computing
Real-time simulation
Computational Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Computational Engineering

abstract: In the last two decades there has been an increasing interest in the field of haptics science. Real-time simulation of haptic interaction with non-rigid deformable object/tissue is computationally demanding. The computational bottleneck in finite- element (FE) modeling of deformable objects is in solving a large but sparse linear system of equations at each time step of the simulation. Depending on the mechanical properties of the object, high-fidelity stable haptic simulations require an update rate in the order of 100 − 1000 Hz. Direct software-based implementations that use conventional computers are fairly limited in the size of the model that they can process at such high rates. In this thesis, a new hardware-based parallel implementation of the iterative Conjugate Gradient (CG) algorithm for solving linear systems of equations is pro- posed. Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMxV) is the main computational kernel in iterative solution methods such as the CG algorithm. Modern micro- processors exhibit poor performance in executing memory-bound tasks such as SpMxV. In the proposed hardware architecture, a novel organization of on-chip memory resources enables concurrent utilization of a large number of fixed-point computing units on a FPGA device for performing the calculations. The result is a powerful parallel computing platform that can iteratively solve the system of equations arising from the FE models of object deformation within the timing constraint of real-time haptics applications. Numerical accuracy of the fixed-point implementation, the hardware architecture design, and issues pertaining to the degree of parallelism and scalability of the solution are discussed in details. The proposed computing platform in this thesis is successfully employed in a set of haptic interaction experiments using static and dynamic linear FE-based models.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS INTRAMOLECULAR π-COMPLEXATION ON THE REACTIVITY OF TRANSIENT ARYL(3-BUTENYL)GERMYLENES

contributor:
J.Leigh, William
Vargas-Baca, Ignacio
Chemistry and Chemical Biology

subject:
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

abstract: Three novel 1-aryl-1-(3-butenyl)germacyclopent-3-enes (26a, 26b and 26c) were synthesized and their photochemistry in hexane solution was studied by steady state and laser flash photolysis (LFP) methods. Steady state photolysis of 1-(3-butenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-phenylgermacyclopent-3- ene (26a) was found to proceed cleanly to afford the corresponding germylene derived product along with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (DMB) in the presence of acetic acid, methanol and isoprene, suggesting that free (3-butenyl)phenylgermylene (GeBuPh) is the primary photochemically generated species. However, we were unable to detect the germylene by laser flash photolysis with this compound, due to rapid “self –quenching” of the germylene by the precursor. The direct detection of the germylene in solution by laser flash photolysis requires the use of a more strongly absorbing derivative. Indeed, 3-butenylphenylgermylene (GeBuPh) was successfully detected directly by laser flash photolysis of 1-(3-butenyl)-3-methyl-1,4-diphenylgermacyclopent-3-ene (26b) in hexane solution, where it exhibits a UV-Vis absorption band centered at λmax= 490 nm and decays with second order kinetics on the microsecond timescale. In the absence of reactive substrates the decay of GeBuPh is accompanied by the growth of a second transient absorption, assigned to Ge2Bu2Ph2 (34) λmax = 420 nm; the assignment is based on a comparison to the laser flash photolysis of 1,3-dimethyl-1,4- diphenylgermacyclopent-3-ene (26d). Rate constants have been determined for reaction iv of the germylene with selected germylene substrates in order to evaluate the effects of intramolecular π-complexation on its reactivity. The results indicate that GeBuPh exhibits similar reactivity to GeMePh under otherwise identical experimental conditions, and thus show no significant indication of intramolecular π-complexation. With this in mind we have synthesized and studied 1-(3-butenyl)-3-methyl-4- phenyl-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]germacyclopent-3-ene (26c), which was designed to produce a more strongly electrophilic Ge(II) center in the corresponding germylene. The germylene 46 is detectable as a weakly absorbing transient species with λmax = 490 nm by laser flash photolysis of 26c in hexane solution. Generation of germylene 46 in the presence of THF leads to the formation of the corresponding Lewis acid base complex 48 at λmax = 330 nm. The reactivity of germylene 46 with selected substrates such as AcOH, THF and isoprene has been examined and the results compared to analogous data for the parent germylene GeBuPh. The forward rate constant for germylene 46 with acetic acid is slightly higher than that for GeBuPh, and no evidence for intramolecular complexation with the remote C=C bond could be obtained.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Reliability and Validity of the Ten Test and Exploring a New, Visual Version

contributor:
MacDermid, Joy
Gross, Anita
Galea, Victoria
Rehabilitation Science

subject:
Ten test
reliability
validity
visual ten test
Occupational Therapy
Other Rehabilitation and Therapy
Physical Therapy
Physiotherapy
Occupational Therapy

abstract: Sensation threshold assessment is an important component of physical assessment. Current literature has either limited information on the clinical measurement properties of sensory threshold tests, or has demonstrated concerns in reliability, validity, responsiveness and/or clinical utility. The Ten Test (TT) is an easy and quantifiable test of moving light touch sensation requiring no equipment, however; evidence regarding its reliability and validity are limited. In this thesis, I explored the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the Ten Test. I also developed a new, visual version of the Ten Test which was assessed for concurrent validity and patient preferences. The results showed that the Ten Test has excellent test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.83 – 0.91), with acceptable minimal detectable change scores (MDC90 = 1.57 – 2.15). Ten Test scores did not correlate with current perception threshold or vibration perception threshold scores. The visual version of the Ten Test demonstrated high concurrent validity to the original version of the Ten Test (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r = 0.74 – 0.90), and was preferred by participants (85.7%).

abstract: Master of Science Rehabilitation Science (MSc)


title: DAHP Oxime: A Transition State Mimic Inhibitor Of DAHP Synthase

contributor:
Berti, Paul
Chemical Biology

subject:
enzyme kinetics
mechanism
drug design
x-ray crystallography
enzyme dynamics
Biochemistry
Biochemistry

abstract: The rise of bacterial infections and increase of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become a major problem in the treatment of bacterial infections. The use and overuse of antibiotics, and the inherent ability of bacteria to adapt to their environment, have lead to the emergence of strains that are resistant to all antibiotics. Ideally, new targets for antibacterial drug therapy would be essential to the virulence of most or all bacteria. That is, antibiotics exploiting these targets would have broad spectrum activity. 3-Deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7- phosphate (DAHP) synthase could be such a target. This enzyme catalyzes the condensation of erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P) and phoshoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form DAHP. The DAHP synthase-catalyzed reaction is the first committed step in the shikimic acid biosynthetic pathway leading to the aromatic amino acids and other secondary metabolites in all bacteria and some parasites. Inhibition of this enzyme would lead to a depletion of aromatic amino acids within the cell, halting new protein synthesis and killing the cells. Our lab has developed a transition state analogue, DAHP oxime, which is a slow binding, potent inhibitor of DAHP synthase. Kinetic characterization of inhibitor binding revealed DAHP oxime to be a competitive inhibitor with an ultimate Ki* of 81 nM. Crystal structures of DAHP oxime bound to DAHP synthase revealed that the inhibitor bound to two of the four subunits. The two unbound subunits remain catalytically competent, suggesting that DAHP synthase may utilize a half-of-sites mechanism during catalysis. We further investigated changes in DAHP synthase dynamics in response to PEP and DAHP oxime binding via solvent hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. DAHP synthase in the unbound form was loosely structured around the surface exposed regions, whereas the X-ray crystal structures appeared to be more fully structured. Binding of both PEP and DAHP oxime introduced different degrees of dynamic stabilization.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Electrophilic Cleavage of Nortricyclenes

contributor:
Werstiuk, Nick H.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
Mechanistic investigations pertaining to the electrophilic cleavages (acetic acid containing sulphuric acid) of the cyclopropyl group in 3-chloronortricyclene and 2-methyl-3-chloronortricyclene have been undertaken. For both compounds, the cyclopropyl bond which is furthest removed from halogen is preferentially cleaved. For 3-chloronortricyclene, studies using deuterated acid have established that for at least 70% of the products, the cyclopropyl carbon atom undergoing electrophilic attack experiences predominant retention of configuration (rentention: inversion > 14:1). Furthermore, almost exclusive inversion of configuration (inversion:retention ≈ was observed at the site of nucleophilic attack. Similarly, for cleavage of 2-methyl-3-chloronortricyclene in deuterated acid, rupture of the cyclopropyl bond furthest removed from halogen occurs with predominant retention of configuration at the site of electrophilic attach and accounts for most of the reaction pathway. Inversion of configuration at the carbon atom underogoing nucleophilic attack was observed.

These resutls suggest that fission of the cyclopropyl moiety in these systems occurs via initial edge protonation.

Syntheses of previously unknown 7-chloro-2-norbornyl brosylates-6-d listed below have been carried out. It is suggested that the spectrophotometrically determined γ-hydrogen deuterium isotope effects for ethanolyses of

(1) anti-7-chloro-exo-2-norbornyl brosylate-endo-6-d (1.11 ± 0.01),

(2) anti-7-chloro-exo-2-norbornyl brosylate-exo,exo-5,6-d2 (1.12 ± 0.01),

(3) syn-7-chloro-exo-2-norbornyl brosylate-endo-6-d (1.11 ± 0.01),

(4) syn-7-chloro-exo-2-norbornyl brosylate-exo,exo-5,6-d2 (1.11 ± 0.01) and

(5) anti-7-chloro-exo-2-norbornyl brosylate-endo-6-d (1.00 ± 0.01)

arise by homohyperconjugative interactions between the bonds at C-6 and the developing p orbital at C-2. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that the γ-effects for solvolyses of exo-2-norbornyl brosylate-6-d arise by delocalization of the C-1 C-6 bond in the transition state.

From these studies, it was shown that during solvolyses of 7-chloro-exo-2-norbornyl brosylates-6-d, formation of 3-chloronortricyclene proceeded preferentially from a semi-U arrangement.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Black and Tans: British Police in the First Irish War, 1920-21

contributor:
Rempel, R. A.
History

subject:
British police
first irish war
1920-21
Cultural History
European History
History
Military History
Political History
Cultural History

abstract:
Over ten thousand Britons fought as police in the First Irish War ( 1920-21 ). Most of these British police were ex-soldiers, veterans of the Great War and members of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RfC), called 'Black and Tans' for their mixed uniforms of dark police green and military khaki. Ex-officers joined a separate force, the Auxiliary Division (ADRIC), a special emergency gendarmerie, heavily armed and organized in military-style companies. Pitted against the guerrillas of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries took many 'reprisals', assassinating Irish republicans and burning their homes and shops. As a consequence, their name became a byword for crime and violence, and the specter of 'black-and-tannery' has haunted Ireland ever since.

This dissertation uses evidence from both British and Irish archives and from British newspapers to study the British police and their behaviour in the First Irish War. According to legend the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries were ex-convicts and psychopaths, hardened by prison and crazed by war. In fact, most of them were quite ordinary men, whose violent and criminal behaviour was a proud of circumstance, not character. The British government would not believe that the conflict in Ireland was a war, and relied on the police to suppress the rebel 'murder gang.' Unsuited for guerrilla warfare, the RIC was already losing its discipline and committing atrocities before its British reinforcements arrived. British constables lived and worked alongside Irish constables, and followed their example, good or bad. Freed from the sometimes moderate influence of the constabulary's Irish majority, Auxiliaries behaved with even greater license than Black and Tans. The violence of the British and Irish police was overlooked and even encouraged by the British government, which was anxious to keep up the pretence that Irish revolutionaries were merely terrorists and gangsters.

abstract: Doctor of Science  (PhD)


title: 'Grand' Relationships: A Canadian Study of Contemporary GrandparentGrandchild Ties

contributor:
Rosenthal, Carolyn J.
Dr. Jane Aronson, Dr. Graham Knight
Sociology

subject: canadian

subject: grandparent

subject: grandchild

subject: relationships

subject: Community Engagement

subject: Demography, Population, and Ecology

subject: Family, Life Course, and Society

subject: Gerontology

subject: Regional Sociology

subject: Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance

subject: Sociology of Culture

subject: Community Engagement

abstract:
Against the backdrop of social and demographic transformations, including increasing longevity and changing family relationships, this dissertation combines quantitative and qualitative methods to examine contemporary grandparent-grandchild ties in Canada. Beginning with an analysis of grandparenthood at the population level, this research analyzes the social and demographic contours of grandparenthood, establishing the prevalence of grandparenthood, adults with living grandparents, step-ties, multi-generational households and grandparents raising their grandchildren, as well as the supply of grandchildren and the intersection of family and work roles with grandparenthood. And, given that American data are often used to represent the Canadian situation, the dissertation provides a comparative analysis between the two countries.

The demographic analysis revealed high percentages of grandparent-adult grandchild relationships in the population. This finding formed the foundation for the micro-level analysis on which the dissertation is also based-an original qualitative study involving older grandparents and adult grandchildren (n=37). The overall aim of this research was to explore grandparent-adult grandchild relationships from the perspectives of both generations in order to understand the significance of the ties and these family roles, as well as how they are negotiated over time and within the context of contemporary social life. The data reveal that the ties have instrumental, symbolic, existential and material significance, that adult relationships are qualitatively different and more complex compared to young grand relationships and that the broader social context is very consequential to how these family ties and roles are negotiated. Taken together, the qualitative and quantitative findings challenge commonly held assumptions about who and what constitutes 'the family' and shed scholarly light on choice and obligation as they arise in contemporary family life.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Ethnographic-Participatory Study of Commercial Sex Workers Responding to the Problem of HIVIAIDS in Khon Kaen, Thailand

contributor:
Willms, Dennis G.
Anthropology

subject:
thailand
HIV/AIDS
commercial sex workers
khon kaen
Anthropology
Biological and Physical Anthropology
Other Anthropology
Social and Cultural Anthropology
Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis presents the findings of a study carried out in brothels in Khon Kaen, Thailand. The study examined efforts of the "voiceless" sex workers to organize in order to increase their control over decision-making processes. It also analyzed the difficulties, social forces, structures and ideologies which maintain an inequitable distribution of power. The broader aim was to clarify the notion of people's participation in order to make it operationally more useful with respect to AIDS prevention intervention to sex workers. A technocratic approach to issues of AIDS prevention and control among sex workers was rejected. The study embraced a number of complementary activities including: situation analysis of AIDS in the Thai context, specifically in the northeast, ethnographic study of the sex industry, and participatory action research.

This study was initiated in late 1991 and completed in 1993. It was carried out in six brothels in downtown Khon Kaen. The study occurred in 4 phases: 1) situation assessment in which historical and documentary analysis were utilized ethnographic research on sex workers which served as a basis for constructing culturally appropriate interventions, 3) participatory action research emphasizing self determination of sex workers on AIDS prevention and control, and 4) evaluation of this "experiment." The research attempts to balance "classic ethnography" and "applied participatory research" to an AIDS prevention program for sex workers in Thailand. It was carried in collaboration with health professionals, landlords, pimps, and sex workers. Groups met and worked together in brothels to discuss the findings. Results were also presented to local health authorities.

This study illustrates the opportunities for and the formidable difficulties of participation by sex workers in Thailand. Without strong support for non-formal AIDS education and self determination by sex workers, there is little chance that they can negotiate safe sex and make decisions concerning AIDS prevention.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Sensorimotor Representations of Meaning in Early Language Acquisition

contributor:
Becker, Suzanna
Psychology

subject:
early language
sensorimotor
Child Psychology
Psychology
Child Psychology

abstract: Evidence suggests that children's pre-linguistic conceptual knowledge significantly influences the course of language acquisition. In a series of nine experiments we investigate this influence. We begin with two experiments using adult human subjects, in which we develop an analogue of children's early sensorimotor semantic representations and demonstrate that we have captured important aspects of meaning. We then use these sensorimotor semantic representations in simulation experiments using neural network models of language acquisition. First, we provide evidence that having these sensorimotor representations improves grammatical learning. Then we demonstrate that with these rich semantic representations there are strong correlations between the time course of lexical and grammatical learning analogous to those found in children. We suggest that this supports the position that grammar emerges from the formation of a rich lexicon. Finally, we show that it is not necessary to provide these sensorimotor representations for all words. We provide evidence that, given a directly grounded foundation of children's earliest words, the model can indirectly acquire grounded, embodied semantic representations for novel ungrounded words. Our results thus provide evidence that the initial structure of children's conceptual or semantic 'space' provides an important constraining and simplifying foundation that influences the course of later language acquisition.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Trends in Policing, a Case Study of the Hamilton Police 1900-73

contributor:
Fox, J.
Sociology

subject: Hamilton police

subject: 1900-73

subject: Trends

subject: Service Learning

subject: Sociology

subject: Sociology of Culture

subject: Work, Economy and Organizations

subject: Service Learning

abstract:
While there are numerous studies of the police, few have addressed the changes in policing that have occurred since the turn of century. Prior studies address issues such as police effectiveness, social control, the military model of police organization, police socialization, and the relationship between crime rates and the size of police forces. Although these studies have provided insight into different aspects of policing, they have not established a comprehensive understanding of the police as an institution. In other words, we have little understanding of what has caused the police to change. Further, we know little about the substance and consequences of change.

My goal is to conduct an exploratory study of changes in policing by examining the main trends in the Hamilton, Ontario, Police Department between 1900 and 1973. Trends in economics, organization and work are considered. The study provides significant findings, which can be understood in relation to the existing literature, and can provide new questions to serve as the basis for future research.

I explain trends in policing in relation to larger social and historical factors including population growth, the changing distribution of crime, and the role of the automobile. Change was pluralistic; different factors contributed to major changes in policing. Often, change was the result of external circumstances -the larger social context provided both the motivation for change and the possible range of alternatives that could be implemented. In Hamilton, the twentieth century was a period of considerable population growth. At the same time, the city was being transformed by the automobile, a revolution that redefined urban space, patterns of social interaction and the mobility of citizens. Over the course of the century, there was a substantial shift in the distribution of criminal offenses. It is within this context that significant changes to policing occurred.

The police responded to the changing times by changing themselves. The growth of the Department paralleled that of the city. The police adopted cars and motorcycles for patrols to cope with traffic problems and to provide a quick response to citizens in need. The Department was completely reorganized and became more professional. At the same time, the costs of policing were rising. Police chiefs continually struggled to find ways to cope with rising wages and declining work weeks. Citizens would be hired, technology employed, patrol strategies changed to cope with declining productivity.

The findings of my research suggest that changes to the Hamilton Police can be understood in terms of diffusion theory. The larger social milieu provided not only the motivation for change: it limited the range of possible solutions at any given point in time. I argue that changes to the Police Department were a direct result of their ability to adopt innovations. Ultimately, to understand the police we must view them as social and historical products.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Politics ofPolicy Transformation: A Comparative Analysis of Child Care and Unemployment Insurance in Canada and Ireland

contributor:
Yates, Charlotte A.B.
Political Science

subject:
Policy transformation
child care
unemployment insurance
ireland
canada
American Politics
Comparative Politics
Other Political Science
Political Science
Political Theory
American Politics

abstract:
This study is an exploration of why policy outcomes in the sectors of child care and unemployment insurance, between the time period 1972 to 1996, did not meet the policy goals of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women (NAC) in Canada and the National Women's Council of lreland (NWCI). Specifically, this study sought to explain why successive governments in Canada and Ireland persistently resisted the implementation of policy goals put forth by NAC and NWCI in the sectors of child care and unemployment insurance, or when they did respond, policy outcomes had differential impacts on women. With this in mind, the overall research question of this study was: What happened to the policy goals ofNAC and NWCI once they were articulated to government?

In order to answer this question, this study merged the theoretics of historical institutionalism with feminist political economy into a theoretical framework I have termed feminist-institutionalism. This framework was applied to argue that policy institutions (as mediators and containers ofgendered social relations) redefine feminist policy goals articulated by women's groups to government into gendered policy outcomes that often undermine the original intent of those goals. I have called this process of redefinition policy transformation. By employing a framework of analysis three spheres of policy transformation -this study comparatively maps out the processes, institutions and factors within the macro-political policy context which contributed to an overall lack of success on the part of NAC and NWCI in the realization of their child care and unemployment insurance policy goals. One of the conclusions of this study is that NAC and NWCI were equally unsuccessful even given stark differences between macro-political institutional structures and interest representation systems in Canada and Ireland.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Media Activism by People with HIV/AIDS

contributor:
Knight, G.
Sociology

subject:
HIV
AIDS
Media
Gender and Sexuality
Sociology
Gender and Sexuality

abstract: This study looks at print media projects by and for people with HlV/AIDS. Three types of publications are examined: newsletters; treatment publications; and general interest magazines. Each of these media began as part of political organizing by people with HIV in the context of the community-based response to the AIDS epidemic. The argument is made that those involved in contemporary social movements produce their own media as a means of constructing an alternative public sphere. The significance and function of this public realm is twofold. First, it is a social space for people with HIV/AIDS that is independent of forms of institutional influence and control. Second, it invites not only the articulation of opposition to the dominant social order but an alternative to the status quo. This study demonstrates the role of communication media - forums through which people can share their experiences and knowledge - in the struggle for self representation and survival among people with HIV/AIDs.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Serious House on Serious Earth: Epistemology in Middlemarch and Daniel Deronda

subject:
Epistemlogy
Middlemarch
Daniel Deronda
English Language and Literature

abstract: This work offers a reading of George Eliot's last two novels, Middlemarch and Daniel Deronda. The thesis challenges the place both Realist critics and post-structuralist theorists ordinarily assign to these two novels in literary history. It does so by locating these works in the context of a number of important contemporaneous developments in pathology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, geology and the philosophy of scientific method. In each of these fields there was a growing sense of the formative and constitutive function of method in any inquiry. This discursive conception of the necessary dependence of the answer on the nature of the question poses a challenge to the purported neutrality and transparency of what has been conceived as literary Realism. I argue here that Middlemarch and Daniel Deronda, though they are novels which traditionally have been placed within literary Realism, actually incorporate these contemporaneous developments in epistemology. Though these novels do not eschew didacticism, their awareness of methodological changes in a variety of scholarly fields modifies the nature of narrative authority vouchsafed by making it provisional and historically specific.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Aspects of Analysis and Processing of Electromyographic Signals

contributor:
Torre, Della E.
Electrical Engineering

abstract: Skeletal muscles produce detectable electrical currents and voltages when they contract from any cause. The electrical potentials or electromyographic (EMG) signal is recorded from the muscle using suitable electrodes. The research presented in this thesis is concerned with the analysis and processing of electromyographic signals with a view to their use as a source of control for environmental control or other rehabilitation devices. An application of myo-electric control of a simple communication device for a cerebral palsied patient is presented. A model of the myo-electric source which can be used to stimulate EMG signals in real-time is proposed. The model algorithm has been tested for two different electrode systems and the results compared with real signals recorded using these electrode systems. A number of statistical parameters of the surface recorded EMG signal have been examined to determine which parameter is most suitable for myo-electric control. Finally, a pattern recognition algorithm is proposed which attempts to extract the motor unit recruitment and discharge frequency information present in the surface recorded EMG signal. The statistical parameters and the algorithm have been tested for six normal subjects, under isometric conditions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Identities Under Siege: The Fathers' Rights Movement

subject:
Father
Rights Movement
Identities
Family, Life Course, and Society
Gender and Sexuality
Social Psychology and Interaction
Sociology
Sociology of Culture
Family, Life Course, and Society

abstract: Fathers' rights groups have been highly visible in Ontario in trying to maintain fatherhood identity after divorce through the exercise of their lobby for joint custody. . The fathers' right movement is attempting to influence conceptions of fatherhood as they relate to child custody. This dissertation examine the functions of the fathers' rights movement at two levels --the subjective and the social. At the subjective level the movement provides its members with a rhetoric that helps them to maintain or reconstruct their fatherhood identity postdivorce. At the social level, the movement provides both a way to translate personal troubles into a social issues --the biased and gendered nature of child custody and child support laws and practical assistance to men going through the process of divorce. The focus of the these then is on the threats to men's identity as fathers that accompany marital breakdown and divorce, and on the reactions of fathers' rightists to these identity threats. This dissertation based on: eighteen month of participant observation; interviews with twenty-eight fathers, and four women from four fathers' rights groups about their reasons for joining the group, their conceptualization of fatherhood and their opinions on joint custody. The concept of "role fragmentation" was developed to describe this particular type of identity transformation process. What can be drawn from this data is that the fathers' rights members are attempting to maintain their pre-divorce fatherhood identity. In addition, an interesting and important result of this work was the emergent description of fatherhood.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Virgil's Aristaeus Epyllion: Georgics 4.315-558

contributor:
Murgatroyd, P.
Classics

subject:
Vergils
Epyllion
Georgics 4.315-558
Classics
Classics

abstract:
Virgil's Georgics has been the subject of a daunting number of articles, studies and commentaries. Of the many problems associated with the work perhaps the greatest difficulty has arisen in assessing the Aristaeus epyllion, G. 4.315-558. Numerous attempts have been made to interpret the passage and to explain its connection with the rest of Book 4 and with the whole of the Georgics. Many opinions have been expressed (quot homines, tot sententiae); however, none has been deemed completely satisfactory and none has been universally accepted. I have chosen not to add to the already vast body of scholarship dealing with these issues but to approach the epyllion from a different perspective.

Despite its importance - it is, after all, the only existing extended narrative by Virgil other than the Aeneid, which it predates - the Aristaeus epyllion has not been the subject of a single exhaustive study. I have attempted, therefore, to treat the passage in isolation, tacitly accepting that it is connected with the rest of the work. My study includes a reappraisal (with, I trust, fresh insights) of the relevant mythological background and structure of the piece. Its literary form, the epyllion, is also discussed and a more detailed examination of setting and character than has been undertaken previously is presented. Finally, I offer a detailed critical appreciation in which Virgil's narrative technique, his use of literary models (especially, but not exclusively, Homer) and features of sound, rhythm and diction receive comment.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: From Thraso to Herod: Hrotsvitha Meets the Bragging Soldier

contributor:
Vince, R. W.
English

subject:
English
Thraso to Herod
Hrotsvitha
Soldier
English Language and Literature

abstract:
This work examines the antecedents of the Vicious Tyrants of the Mystery Cycles as they appear in earlier dramatic works.

The first chapter describes the bragging soldier of Roman comedy, defining him in his formative dramatic environment. Perception and reality are at odds in important elements of his character: he appears as a menacing and powerful rival to the young lover and as a threat to the courtesan. In reality he is never successful in carrying out his threats. The ways in which Plautus and Terence create and use the bragging soldier are explored.

The bragging soldier, his character and behaviour having been defined, is then followed into Christian drama, specifically into the spoken or acted works of Hrotsvitha ofGandersheim. Because Hrotsvitha says she is using Terence as her pattern, she provides a clear instance of what effects Christian sources and theology, whether or not they are shaped by the traditions of five hundred years of folk practice, have on the bragging soldier and his dramatic interactions.

The figure is then followed into the Mystery Cycles to see how consistent the changes observed in Hrotsvitha's works are with the behaviour of bragging soldiers in a body of work which hovers in the wings behind later English drama.

Hrotsvitha' s dramatic works have not been used in this way before. While Hrotsvitha' s work has been extensively studied as an artifact, as a tenth century manuscript, it has not been seen as evidence of what happened when one tradition met another.

The resulting exploration reveals the Vice Figures and Vicious Tyrants of Medieval Drama in embryo. The study, thus, contributes to an understanding of how Christian attitudes shaped the characters of Roman Drama and provided the basis for dramatic stereotypes which still exist.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Polls, the Media and the 1997 Canadian Federal Election

contributor:
Fox, John
Sociology

subject:
Polls
Media
Canada
Federal Election
1997
American Politics
Sociology
American Politics

abstract:
I examined coverage of the 1997 Canadian federal election by 14 media organizations (including three 1television networks and 11 regionally important newspapers), analysing the relative importance of major election issues, and evaluating the reporting of the technical details of pre-election polls. The media played a passive role in covering the election, seldom evaluating party platforms, and emphasizing only those issues that the leaders of the major political parties introduced into the campaign. National unity dominated media coverage despite public opinion polls initially showing that voters had little interest in the issue. Only the NDP stressed health care and job creation -issues that the electorate considered most important -but the NDP was afforded less coverage than the other major parties, and coverage of these issues suffered as a result.

Election coverage was also characterised by an emphasis on pre-election polls, where recently released poll results set the tone of coverage for other election stories. An analysis of the methods of 17 Canadian polling firms showed that there was much similarity in their survey practices. All firms used some form of probability sampling, and none used substandard methods, lending legitimacy to the media's reporting of preelection polls. The emphasis on polling results was accompanied by poor technical reporting, however.

Finally, I examined published polling data for the five month period prior to the election to chart the dynamics of the campaign. I found that two events -the election call and the televised leaders' debates-apparently affected trends in voting intentions. During the course of the campaign, the Liberals and Bloc Quebecois experienced a decline in support, while the Reform Party and PC Party enjoyed increases in support. PC support seems to have been buoyed by the popularity of its leader, Jean Charest, following his performance in the English-language leaders' debate.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Studies in Vergil, Aeneid Eleven

contributor:
McKay, A. G.
Roman Studies

subject: Vergil

subject: Roman

subject: Aeneid Eleven

subject: Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity

subject: Classical Literature and Philology

subject: Classics

subject: History

subject: History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology

subject: Italian Language and Literature

subject: Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures

abstract:
This dissertation is an attempt to study and comment upon the text of Aeneid 11. In so doing it has been necessary to trace the literary origins of the characters concerned in the hope that this would give some consistent direction to their characterization.

Since the world's first historians had been Greeks who had associated history with epic poetry,considering that "history owed its technique and its very existence to Homer and other Greek poets" and that "Athenian tragic drama in the fifth century B.C ... also influenced Greek historical writing" (M.Grant. The Annals of Imperial Rome,10), history and poetry were inextricably woven together as Virgil's Shield of Aeneas clearly indicates (Aeneid 8.626 ff.). That this rapport would have some bearing upon Vergil's work is an aspect noted by a number of scholars who see the Aeneid in terms of allegory,a point of view which I have attempted to explore in treating Aeneid 11.

In assessing Vergil's major heroes and his heroine Camilla,it was necessary to evaluate both descriptions and behaviour patterns of other major characters throughout Vergil's epic.As a result of this,my awareness of Vergil's knowledge of ambiguous writing techniques grew and it seemed to me that a subtle manipulation of mythology and Roman history would provide an excellent vehicle for both characterization and narrative of outstanding personages of Vergil's own era.

Vergil's deliberate yet sensitive treatment of his major characters,his variatio in the use of typology,his highlighting of motivation and interests,of the horrors of war in which the young and frequently the innocent suffer on both sides,his recording of public debates between prominent politicians and pen portraits of regal furiosae,all find their counterparts in the period of civil strife which ensued after the assassination of Julius Caesar. The sympathy and humanitas of Vergil for all concerned,mirrored in his generally successful attempt to write aequo animo,might be summed up in Aeneas'desperate groan as he views the battle-scenes and carnage depicted on the walls of Juno's temple at Carthage: sunt lacrimae rerum et mentem mortalia tangunt (Aen.1.462).

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Slip and Uplift Effects in Composite Beams

contributor:
Robinson, H.
Civil Engineering

subject:
elastic interaction theory
slip
uplift
steel
concrete
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Civil Engineering
Engineering
Civil and Environmental Engineering

abstract:
An elastic interaction theory, taking both slip and uplift effects into account, is presented for a composite beam with a solid concrete slab connected to a steel beam. The results of this theory , which involves the solution of a sixth order differential equation, are compared with the results of Newmark's theory which only considers interfacial slip effects and involves the solution of a second order differential equation.

An experimental study of a full scale composite beam incorporating a cellular deck under a two point load and simple support conditions is also reported. In addition, the experimental results are compared with the computed results obtained from an existing finite difference formulation.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Reproducing Canada: A Feminist Analysis of Family-State Dynamics

contributor:
Walters, Vivienne
Sociology

subject:
sociology
canada
faminist
family-state dynamics
Family, Life Course, and Society
Gender and Sexuality
Sociology
Family, Life Course, and Society

abstract:
This study explores the relationship between the family and the state in Canada in order to explain the persistence and dynamic of patriarchy in contemporary capitalist societies. We specify the connection between capitalism and patriarchy through an analysis of the relationship between production and reproduction as it is revealed in the intersection of family, labour, and welfare law. The selection of a legislative focus for the analysis of patriarchy is the outgrowth of a theoretical perspective that identifies the state as the critical mediator in the coordination of productive and reproductive relations.

We undertake a study of eighty-four years (1884-1968) of legislation in three jurisdictions; Ontario, Manitoba, and the federal government. We present a content analysis of family. labour, and welfare law as they inform state mediation of the flow of labour and income resources between the productive and reproductive sphere. We also present an analysis of the policy processes which precede legislation and the bureaucratic structures which enforce legislation to reveal the central role of the state in the changing dynamic of patriarchy. We identify the increasing significance of state intervention within the reproductive sphere as evidence of a transition in the structure and operation of patriarchy from a decentralized family based system to a centralized state based system of authority and support.

This centralization of authority and support for reproduction within the state is identified as a transition from familial to social patriarchy. This process specifies the material basis of the increasing dependence of the family on the state. As we see the state evolve, in its relation to women and children as provider and patriarch, we better understand why it has become the focal point of struggle over reproductive and family issues today.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Life Course Approach to Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: Tracking the Influence of lncome Dynamics on the Health of Children

contributor:
Denton, Margaret
Sociology

subject:
Inequalities
health
income dynamics
children
Community Engagement
Educational Sociology
Family, Life Course, and Society
Sociology
Community Engagement

abstract:
Socioeconomic inequalities in health research comprises the investigation of the pathways through which differential access to resources affects the distribution of morbidity and mortality in the population. Because many of the factors that influence health are cumulative, researchers have incorporated a life course approach into their work by linking socioeconomic conditions in one stage of the life course to health at a later stage. The childhood period has acquired particular significance due to conflicting theories about the relative importance of early life events for health inequalities during adulthood.

Using seven waves of the child component of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (1986-98), I employ generalized linear mixed models to examine the effect of household income on child physical and mental health over the entire childhood period. The results of this dissertation support the hypothesis that household income influences the physical and mental health of children, both concurrently and over time. In generalized linear mixed models, the stable component of household income, that is, the average household income for a given child over the period in which he or she is observed, exerts a strong influence on risk for child chronic health limitation, child anxiety/depression and antisocial behaviour, and to a lesser extent, child medically attended accident or injury. However, the dynamic component of household income, defined as deviations in household income over time from the observed average of that household, is mostly unrelated to child health.

These findings have broader implications for life course theory and for the discipline of sociology as health inequalities researchers track the impact of socially significant events over time and reveal the long term processes underlying the social distribution of health.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Suburban Dilemmas: The Development and Amalgamation of Ontario Suburban Municipalities 1853 to 1897

contributor:
Cruikshank, Kenneth
History

subject: history suburban development amalgamation ontario 1853-1897 History History

abstract: In the second half of the nineteenth century the six Ontario suburban communities of Yorkville, New Edinburgh, London West, London East, Parkdale and Brockton were incorporated. In general suburbanites opted for incorporation because their increasingly urban concerns were not being met by the governance of the rural townships of which they were a part. Although the municipal status of these suburbs lasted for varying periods of time, and only overlapped briefly in the early 1880s, they had much in common. All six municipalities attempted to develop as alternatives to the cities they neighboured. Suburbanites and their local governments worked hard to create local identities and, at least for a time, stave off amalgamation with the neighbouring cities, which were increasingly anxious to expand their boundaries. All the while the suburbs were forced to balance the development of infrastructure and the need to keep taxation low in order to keep their communities viable and attractive locations for householders and businesses. The creation and maintenance of expensive infrastructure was often poorly handled, and led to massive expenditures and soaring suburban debts. This fiscal chaos within the suburbs ensured that the amalgamation question would be much debated by both suburb and city. While the ratepayers of each of the suburbs ultimately endorsed amalgamation, they did so only after what were often long and protracted debates. If anything, the struggle over amalgamation illustrated that suburban solvency and responsibility had to be weighed against questions of suburban agency and independence.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Attitudes Toward Smoking in the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT)

contributor:
Taylor, Martin S.
Geography

subject:
Geography
Smoking
Cessation
Geography
Human Geography
Nature and Society Relations
Physical and Environmental Geography
Geography

abstract:
The Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) was the largest community-based effort to date aimed specifically at the reduction of smoking. COMMIT involved 11 matched pairs of intervention and comparison communities from geographically diverse regions of North America. One community from each of the matched pairs was randomly allocated to receive a standardized intervention protocol implemented between 1989 and 1993. The main trial goal was to achieve higher quit rates amongst heavy smokers in the intervention communities compared to the comparison communities.

Intermediate trial goals were to increase the priority of smoking as a public health problem and increase social norms that support nonsmoking in the intervention communities. These goals were informed by contemporary health promotion theory which suggests that longstanding changes in behaviour are best achieved by altering social environments to support healthy choices. This thesis presents a conceptualization of the links between attributes of individuals, communities and attitudes toward smoking which provides the basis for empirical investigations of COMMIT's success in promoting attitude change; the nature of the relationship between attitude and behaviour change for smoking; and the role of community context in constructing attitudes.

Intermediate trial goals were to increase the priority of smoking as a public health problem and increase social norms that support nonsmoking in the intervention communities. These goals were informed by contemporary health promotion theory which suggests that longstanding changes in behaviour are best achieved by altering social environments to support healthy choices. This thesis presents a conceptualization of the links between attributes of individuals, communities and attitudes toward smoking which provides the basis for empirical investigations of COMMIT's success in promoting attitude change; the nature of the relationship between attitude and behaviour change for smoking; and the role of community context in constructing attitudes.

Attitude change was assessed primarily from prevalence surveys administered in 1989 (n=9,875) and 1993 (n=14,117). Data from cohorts of smokers and nonsmokers (n=5,450) were also used to examine covariates of attitude change and for the analysis of the attitude change -behaviour change relationship. Community profile data and legislative tracking were employed in the descriptive analyses of the relationship between community context and smoking attitudes.

Valid and reliable measures representing the primary constructs ofbeliefin the priority of smoking as a public health problem and norms and values concerning smoking were developed. Attitude change, assessed by a cross-sectional approach, revealed that there were substantial changes in favour of stronger anti-smoking attitudes in both the intervention and comparison communities. Intervention effects were limited to changes in heavy smokers' beliefs about the seriousness of smoking as a public health problem. The strongest covariate of attitude change was shown to be quitting smoking during the trial for both measures, while changes in beliefs about smoking as a public health problem were demonstrated to be greater for less educated groups in the intervention communities. The attitude change -behaviour change analyses revealed support for traditional theoretical positions in the debate. Conclusions reached, however, suggest that the type of behaviour change being measured (i.e., quitting or starting smoking) and the measure of attitude affect the results of attitude behaviour analyses. Lastly, 'place' was shown have an important independent effect on attitudes toward smoking. Through case studies of several COMMIT communities, place attributes identified to have an important impact on individual smoking attitudes were economic reliance on the tobacco industry, socio-economic and cultural composition and legislative/political climates.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Impairment of Conditioning Produced by Pre-Trial Shocks

contributor:
Jenkins, H.M.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
The first experiment of the present thesis replicated the observation made by many investigators that inter-trial interval (ITI) shocks interfere with conditioning. Experiment I extended this observation, however, by demonstrating that all ITI shocks are not equally disruptive of conditioning--the closer an ITI shock occurs prior to a trial, the greater the interference with conditioning.

Two broad classes of theory can explain this temporal location effect. The first class, competition theory, states that a pre-trial shock diminished the effectiveness of a subsequent CS-US pairing because it, directly or indirectly, functions to signal the same shock that is later signalled by the CS. Furthermore, since competition theory postulates that a US can support only a fixed amount of signal value, the more signal value that is acquired by the competing stimuli, the less is available for the CS to acquire. The second class, interference theory, states that the failure of CS-US pairings to produce strong conditioning when preceded by pre-trial shocks is not due to the acquisition of conditioned strength by other stimuli, but rather that less total conditioning occurs.

One kind of competition theory is the Rescorla-Wagner model of classical conditioning. This model suggests that the temporal location effect is due to the conditioning of background cues. Experiment 3 tested this hypothesis by comparing the performance of two groups of rats. Each group received a pre-trial shock prior to each CS-US pairing--but in one group this shock was itself signalled by a salient CS. According to the model, this signalling should reduce the conditioning of background stimuli and hence should increase conditioning. Although the results suggested a small effect in the predicted direction, the important fact was that the temporal location effect was not eliminated, or even substantially reduced, when the pre-CS shock was itself signalled. Conditioning to the background cues does not appear to be the mechanism by which the pre-CS shock reduced the amount of suppression controlled by the CS.

Experiment 4 tested the predictions of two other forms of competition theory--the overshadowing and the Information Hypothesis. The results of Experiment 4 suggested that the temporal location effect does not occur because pre-trial shocks overshadow the CS or because they make the CS "uninformative" or redundant.

In conclusion, the results of the present thesis suggest that pre-trial shocks do not diminish the effectiveness of CS-US pairings because of some form of stimulus competition. Rather, pre-trial shocks interfere with conditioning because they reduce the total amount of suppression controlled by all of the cues in the situation--not just the amount controlled by the CS.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: DEVELOPMENTAL CASCADE MODELS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

contributor: Katholiki Georgiades; Steve Hanna; Magdalena Janus

subject:
autism spectrum disorders
cascades
heterogeneity
reciprocal effects
latent growth curve models
language ability
social competence
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences

abstract:
Background: Developmental neuroscience research suggests that relative differences in emerging social skills between very young children with ASD may influence the trajectories of multiple important developmental domains, such as language ability. Such “cascade” associations between developmental trajectories may contribute in important ways to the substantial heterogeneity in symptoms and functioning seen in children with ASD. However, longitudinal research has yet to test such “cascade” models of change in children diagnosed with ASD.

Objectives: In this dissertation I aimed to model cascade patterns of association between social competence and language ability pathways in the year after diagnosis of ASD in preschool-aged children. Data for 365 participants aged 2-4 years old who had been recently diagnosed with ASD and followed prospectively were obtained from the “Pathways To Better Outcomes in ASD Study”.

Methods: Study 1 aimed to determine whether social competence and structural language ability could be measured as distinct constructs that were invariant over time and between clinically relevant groups of young children with ASD. Study 2 modeled longitudinal reciprocal associations between these domains. Study 3 addressed the issue of variability and change within this sample, and tested whether baseline levels and rate of change in one domain were associated with subsequent growth in the other.

Results: Social competence and language ability constructs were measurably distinct and invariant in a young sample comprising verbal and non-verbal children with ASD. Only small reciprocal cascade effects were evident between social and language pathways. Levels of social competence at time of diagnosis were significantly associated with subsequent language growth.

Conclusions: In preschoolers with ASD, advantages in social competence as measured at time of diagnosis appear to “spill over” in a feed-forward cascade model to influence progress in language ability. Social competence and language ability then appear to develop along more specialized, less interrelated pathways.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Investigation of gas nitriding in pure Fe, AISI 1070 steel and Fe-Cr alloys

contributor:
Embury, J.D.
Zurob, H.S.
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
compound layer formation
microstructures
hardness
nitriding process
Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering
Engineering

abstract: Pages that are darker in colour were scanned one at a time to produce a high quality image.

abstract:
Following a review of the gas nitriding process, of the Fe-N system and of the formation of the compound layer, this study investigates the interaction between the diffusing nitrogen and the material to be nitrided.

The formation of the compound layer and diffusion case is discussed for pure iron. AISI 1070 low alloy steel is investigated using different microstructures and the resulting effect on the nitrided microstructure is presented. The interaction of a nitride forming element is studied with a Fe/Fe-5Cr diffusion couple specimen. The strengthening mechanisms resulting from the nitriding process for all these materials are discussed using standard models from the literature. The scale of the precipitates produced in pure iron as well as in the 1070 steel pearlitic and spheroidized microstructure is found to provide marginal hardening. The interaction between N and carbides obtained during the nitriding of the 1070 martensitic microstructure gives rise to a significant hardness increase up to 130HV. The most significant hardening effect (up to 900HV) is obtained with the formation of a high density of fine CrN precipitates in the Fe-Cr specimens.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: FimV is Involved in the Function and Regulation of the Type IV Pllus System in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

contributor:
Burrows, Lori
Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences

subject: extracellular virulence factors

subject: type IV pili

subject: infection

subject: fluoresence microscopy

subject: Biochemistry

subject: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology

subject: Life Sciences

subject: Medical Biochemistry

subject: Medical Sciences

subject: Biochemistry

abstract: lmmunocompromised, burned, and cystic fibrosis patients are highly susceptible to severe and chronic Pseudomonas infections. Extracellular virulence factors, such as type IV pili (T4P), contribute to the establishment and maintenance of infection in these hosts. T4P are hairlike appendages involved in attachment to and colonization of biotic and abiotic surfaces, DNA uptake, biofilm formation, virulence and twitching motility. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the pilus fibre-primarily composed of PilA-is directed by the inner membrane subcomplex PilM/N/O/P to PilQ, the secretin pore. FimV is an inner membrane protein that contains a periplasmic region that binds peptidoglycan and a cytoplasmic region containing tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein-protein interaction domains. FimV is essential for twitching motility in P. aeruginosa, but its exact function is not well understood. Here we investigate the role of the cytoplasmic region of FimV in the T4P system. Co-purification studies revealed that PilM and PilG, a protein proposed to be involved in T4P chemotaxis, interact with the cytoplasmic region of FimV. Fluoresence microscopy was used to test the role of FimV in the localization of a functional PilG-YFP fusion. In the wild type, PilG is polarly localized, while in a fimV mutant, PilG becomes diffuse. The interactions between FimV with PilG and PilM may play a pivotal role in twitching motility as fimV mutants lacking the cytoplasmic region are incapable of twitching. In this study, we have shown that FimV is interacting with components of the T4P chemotaxis system, which may be important for cAMP regulation.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Multi-Well Concentration Gradient Drug Delivery Microfluidic Device For High-Content And High-Throughput Screening

contributor:
Fang, Qiyin
Selvaganapathy, Ravi
Andrews, David W.
Biomedical Engineering

subject: Microfluidics

subject: MEMS

subject: Drug Delivery

subject: Electrokinetics

subject: Fluid Diffusion

subject: Cell Culture

subject: Bioimaging and biomedical optics

subject: Biomedical devices and instrumentation

subject: Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering

subject: Systems and integrative engineering

subject: Bioimaging and biomedical optics

abstract: A microfluidic device capable of drug delivery to multiple wells in a concentration gradient was designed for automated high content and high throughput screening. The design was proposed to utilize a nanoporous polycarbonate membrane to spatially and temporally control drug dosage from the microchannels below to the wells above. Microchannels were to hold to the drugs or reagents, while wells were to culture cells. An array of 16 wells was to fit in the equivalent area of a single well of a 96 well plate. Two simpler devices were created to validate electrokinetic drug delivery to a single well and to characterize cell proliferation and viability in micro-wells. The first device tested drug delivery to a single well with methylene blue dye at applied voltages of 100V, 125V, and 150V. It was validated that the dosage of dye could be controlled by increasing the voltage and by increasing the duration the voltage was applied. The second devices were a series of 9-well arrays, each testing a different diameter (1.2 mm – 0.35 mm). These devices were cultured with MCF-7 breast cancer cells over 5 days. At the end of the 5 day study, all diameters except for 0.5 mm and 0.35 mm measured a cell viability of 99% and exhibited cell growth patterns similar to coverslip glass controls. The proposed integrated cell culture and drug delivery device could have application towards early stage drug discovery and could have compatibility with lab equipment originally designed for well plates.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of New Xenon(II) Compounds and the use of an Oxidant for the Preparation of Halogenated Carbocations

contributor:
Schrobilgen, Gary J.
Chemistry

subject:
xenon
cations
spectrocopy
oxidation
Chemistry
Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Chemistry

abstract:
The chemistry of Xe(II) has been significantly extended to include the first examples of a neutral Xe(II) oxide fluoride species, O(XeF)2, as well as the first nitrate derivative of Xe(II), FXeONO2. Until recently, neutral oxide fluorides were known for all formal oxidation states of xenon except Xe(II). The synthesis of the missing oxide fluoride of Xe(II), O(XeF)2, has been accomplished by reaction of the [FXeOXeFXeF][AsF6] salt with NOF and characterized by NMR spectroscopy in CH3CN solution at -78 °C and by Raman spectroscopy. Reaction of NO2F with [FXeOXeFXeF][AsF6] has provided the first structurally characterized noble-gas nitrate, FXeONO2, which slowly decomposes (-78 °C) to XeF2·N2O4. X-ray crystal structures have been determined for FXeONO2, XeF2·N2O4, and XeF2·HNO3. The preparation of the XeONO2+ cation was attempted by the reaction of FXeONO2 with AsF5 at -78 °C, but was not directly observed. It is presumed that the cation initially forms, but rapidly decomposes to give Xe, O2, and [NO2][AsF6].

The salt, [XeOTeF5][Sb(OTeF5)6], is a strong, low-temperature oxidant capable of oxidizing halomethanes in SO2ClF solvent at -78 °C. The CCl3+ and CBr3+ cations have been synthesized by oxidation of CCl4 and CBr4, respectively. The CBr3+ cation reacts with BrOTeF5, produced in the initial redox reaction, to give CBr(OTeF5)2+, C(OTeF5)3+ , and Br2. The XeOTeF5+ cation also reacts with BrOTeF5 to give the Br(OTeF5)2+ cation. The X-ray crystal structures of [CCl3][Sb(OTeF5)6], [CBr3][Sb(OTeF5)6]•SO2ClF, and [C(OTeF5)3][Sb(OTeF5)6]·3SO2ClF have been determined and show that the carbocations are trigonal planar about the central atom.

Reactions of chlorofluoro-and bromofluoromethanes with [XeOTeF5][Sb(OTeF5)6] have also been investigated in SO2ClF solvent by 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy at -80 °C. The CFCl2+ and CFCl(OTeF5)+ cations are among the carbocations that have been obtained by reactions of CFCl3 and CF2Cl2 with XeOTeF5+. The CF2Br+ cation is an intermediate in the reaction of XeOTeF5+ with CF2Br2, undergoing rapid halogen exchange with CF2Br2 to form CFBr2+ and CF3Br. The CFBr2+ cation undergoes further halogen exchange over several hours to form the CBr3+ cation and CF3Br. Although the highly electrophilic CF3+ cation has not been isolated by the reaction of CF3Br with XeOTeF5+, 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy indicates the CF3+ cation reacts with BrOTeF5 to form F3CBrOTeF5+ and/or abstracts an OTeF5 group from the Sb(OTeF5)6- anion to yield CF3OTeF5 and, ultimately, [SbBr4][Sb(OTeF5)6].

The synthesis of C(OTeF5)4 has been accomplished by reaction of CBr4 with Br0TeF5 in SO2ClF solution, and has been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and its geometric parameters have been compared with those of the isoelectronic B(OTeF5)4-anion in order to assess the symmetry of the E(OTe)4-/0 (E = B, C) subgroup.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Seasonal Fish Community use of the Great Lakes Coastal Marsh Coates Paradise as reproductive habitat

contributor:
Minns, C.K.
Environmental Science

subject: Cootes Paradise

subject: marsh

subject: habitat

subject: reproduction

subject: fish

subject: Environmental Health and Protection

subject: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment

subject: Environmental Monitoring

subject: Environmental Sciences

subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

subject: Environmental Health and Protection

abstract:
Coates Paradise is a 250 ha coastal marsh, located at the western most point of Lake Ontario, adjoining Hamilton Harbour. Currently the marsh is severely degraded. Only 15% of the marsh remains vegetated, while the rest exists as an open water turbid bay. Stresses affecting the marsh include a very high carp population, excessive nutrient and sediment input, and water level regulation. Both Coates Paradise and Hamilton Harbour are the targets of an extensive remediation plan, known as the Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan (HHRAP 1991 ).

Coastal marshes are recognized for their importance as reproductive areas for the fish community. Considering the importance of marshes to fish, there is a surprising lack of information available. There have been very few comprehensive studies of whole fish communities and their use of marshes, and even fewer which address reproductive utilization. Herdendorf et. al. (1986) listed fish community structure and utilization of marshes for spawning, nursery and feeding areas as the top priorities of coastal wetland research.

This study examines the fish community of Coates Paradise for the purpose of providing detailed information on the fish community in association with the HHRAP, as well as examining fish community use of the marsh with respect to reproductive utilization.

The study included both temporal and spatial coverage of the marsh fish community. In an attempt to capture whole fish community data for Coates Paradise, fish community surveys were done monthly during the ice-free portion of the season. Surveys were initiated in the summer of 1994, followed by 3 full seasons between 1995 and 1997. Further to this, Coates Paradise was subdivided into 3 habitat types including off-shore, near-shore, and lower river. These habitats were further subdivided into sub-habitats, based on habitat variables that included wind fetch, nutrient enrichment, and degree of vegetation. A total of 8 sub-habitat types were included. Within each sub-habitat type four 50 m transects were located. The transects were surveyed by electrofishing.

A total of 47,512 fish covering 47 species were captured in the study. Annual species diversity averaged 38 species, while monthly richness followed a seasonal trend with a maximum of 34 species occurring in July. Most species of fish were found to exist only in the near-shore habitat. Also the near-shore habitat had substantially more fish (Exposed sub-habitat -187 I transect) than the off-shore habitat (Bay sub-habitat -8 I transect).

All species demonstrated migration into and out of the marsh in association with spawning periods and spawning habitat guilds. Most species of non YOY fish had highest densities at corresponding spawning times and in correlation to spawning habitat guilds. Habitat preferences of YOY species also generally reflected a species spawning habitat guild. Total non YOY populations were also generally at a peak during spawning periods. The non YOY of most species showed a distinct migration out of the marsh following spawning periods. Samples taken two months prior to a species spawning periods had almost no fish of the species occurring in the marsh, while samples taken two months following peak spawning periods resulted in almost no larger fish of a species being found in the marsh.

The dominant fish species of the marsh was adult carp. In the electrofishing data, adult carp represented 90% of the biomass, but only 10% of the total catch. Only six other species had substantial adult population, while most other species are represent by less than 15 individuals in the data set. These six species included, brown bullhead, white sucker, gizzard shad, white perch, spottail shiner and pumpkinseed, and are reflective of the state of the harbour (the adult habitat).

The most abundant species in the marsh include YOY of gizzard shad, white perch and spottail shiners, reflecting the marsh's role as reproductive habitat. Maximum numbers of fish occurred in late August, with as many as 800 fish being captured in a single transect. At this time the fish community consisted almost entirely of YOY fish.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Henri de Lubac: An Account of His Theology

contributor:
John C. Robertson, Jr.
Religion

subject:
Lubac
revelation
Biblical religion
framework
Arts and Humanities
Biblical Studies
Christian Denominations and Sects
Religion
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
This thesis gathers together the writings of Henri de Lubac around the theme of revelation. It begins by an analysis of de Lubac 's writings on the Biblical Revelation so as to establish what we consider to be his theological point of departure: God has revealed Hirnse]f in time, i.e., in history and Jesus Christ, and this revelation opens up the depth of nature. This is revelation in the strict sense; the subject of Part One. There is also a self-witness of God in man. This is revelation in the broad sense; the subject of Part Two. The relationship between Part One and Part Two is established on this basis: to understand what de Lubac means by revelation in the broad sense, a prior understanding of what he means by revelation in the strict sense is essential. That is to say, one cannot understand man in his concrete, historical, existential, openness to revelation, as de Lubac thinks him, without a framework of Biblical Religion.

This thesis is historical, insofar as it seeks to understand the litetrary career of Henri de Lubac. It is critical, insofar as it seeks to establish a focus within which his work may be unified. Finally, the thesis assesses the work of de Lubac on the fundamental issues connected with revelation, and suggests the meaning of de Lubac's contribution to contemporary Christian thought, especially Roman Catholic theology.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Electronic Spectra of the Oxalyl Halides

contributor:
King, G.W.
Chemistry

subject:
Oxalyl Halides
electronic spectra
transitions
vibration
rotation
Chemistry
Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Chemistry

abstract: The near-ultraviolet vapour-phase absorption spectra of oxalyl fluoride, oxalyl chloride and oxalyl bromide have been investigated under low, medium and high resolution. Two discrete spectral systems have been observed for each of these molecules. The transitions responsible for the electronic spectra have been identified as singlet-singlet and singlet-triplet transitions associated with n ➛π * orbital electron promotion. The vibrational and rotational structures accompanying these transitions have been analyzed and are in general agreement with theoretical predictions. The molecules remain planar and trans in their excited states.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Military Regime: A Case Clientelism in Thailand from Study of Political 1947 to 1963

contributor:
Means, Gordon P.
Political Science

subject:
clientelism
Thailand
economic
political
social systems
wealth
status
Political Science
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Political Science

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to examine clientelism in the Thai social, political and economic system during the period from 1947 to 1963. There are two important factors causing the emergence and maintenance of clientelism in Thailand: 1) the confined structure of political competition and economic control; and 2) the absence of formal institutions that can guarantee the individuals' wealth, status and position. Both Thai rulers and Chinese entrepreneurs have used clientelism as their "personal security mechanism."

Clientelism also serves as an instrument of acquiring the high central command positions in the Thai armed forces. Some of the Thai military officers try to affiliate themselves with influential military-politicos. They will offer their political support and personal loyalty in exchange for appointments to the command of strategic army garrisons, and especially to the positions of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and the Army Commander-in-Chief.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: GEOCHEMISTRYOF TUNGSTEN IN BASALTS AND ANDESITES

contributor:
Shaw, Denis M.
Geology

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Cross-Cultural Study of Bargaining Behaviour

contributor:
Carment, D.W.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
Although a large number of studies of co-operation and competition have been carried out through the medium of experimental games, very few of these have been directed at cross-cultural comparisons. This is a very important avenue for research, and the present thesis reports a series of gaming experiments carried out using college students in Canada and India.

This research has focused on two particular concerns. The first was the effect of time-limitation on bargaining behaviour in the two cultures, and the second was the motivational orientation with which students in Canada and India approach a situation in which both co-operation and competition can be rewarding. Since no relevant data on India behaviour existed prior to these studies, the research program was exploratory in nature.

The findings with regard to time-limitation indicated that Canadian males reacted to time-limits imposed by one of the bargainers in a manner which was consistent with the way North American males typically react to threats, that is, they became very competitive and resisted yielding. When the time-limits were imposed by the experimenter, however, this same group reacted in a co-operative manner. Canadian females and Indians, male and female, were all relatively co-operative, regardless of the source of time-limitation. Indian females, however, were more passive than the members of all other groups.

The experiments which were concerned with motivation involved male students only. Canadian males reacted to the various experimental conditions in a manner consistent with the motivation to maximize one's own gain while at the same time making as much or more than the other participant. Indians. however, were more competitive when each participant was ostensibly at an advantage, vis-a-vis the other, than when each was ostensibly at a disadvantage. This is the opposite to the way the Canadian reacted in these two situations. It was suggested that this behaviour on the part of the Indians might reflect a culturally defined mode of reaction to persons of relatively higher or lower "status".

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)