title: Adding Nested Headers and a Proper Gtk-Based GUI to The Haskell Table Tools

contributor:
Kahl, Wolfram
Computer Science

subject:
Computer Sciences
Computer Sciences

abstract:
Specification of Large Scale Systems like Safety Critical Softwares is an important yet frequently tedious process. The requirement analysts often face a large number of conditions and cases during the process of requirement elicitation. One of the tools used to deal with this is employing multi-dimensional mathematical expressions, called Tabular Expressions by Parnas, to show and to study the specifications and to also check the properties of the system.

The compositional syntax that was introduced by Kahl is a simple and comprehensible basis for implementation of tabular expressions. Kahl's implementation of his formalization in the functional programming language Haskell started a new approach to syntax and semantics of tabular expressions.

In this thesis, we expand the project that Kahl initiated using his formalization to establish tool support of regular tables. A tool like this one has always been missing for people who use tabular expressions in the requirement analysis. We have designed a platform-independent, graphically interactive, and expansible tool using GTK in Haskell. In this thesis, we have also added the support of nested headers and implemented some features needed to work with nested headers for a better practical tool.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Allocentric vs. Egocentric Spatial Memory Encoding: Evidence for a Cognitive Spatial Map from Virtual Reality Testing

contributor:
Becker, Suzanna
Psychology

subject:
actual reality
allocentric system
egocentric system
geocentric system
hippocampus region
memory encoding mechanism
navigation
place cells
spatial memory encoding
true error
variable error
virtual reality
Psychology
Psychology

abstract: Navigation is a very important area of spatial information research that presents researchers with a number of challenges. One of these challenges concerns the nature of spatial information encoding itself: is such encoding the result of a single mechanism system, a two-mechanism system or possibly a mixed system? One possible avenue of insight into this problem centers on the disorientation effect as described in Wang & Spelke (2000). A quick survey of basic findings, terminating with Waller & Hodgson (2006), indicates that there seem to be two systems at work. Moreover, the results obtained are based upon experiments carried out in actual reality. A virtual reality experiment was designed in an attempt to replicate the findings described in Waller & Hodgson (2006). The experiment is described in detail and its results are presented. These were found to be sufficiently reliable to justify pointing to a potentially rich field for future research, including such techniques as combining VR with fMRI to achieve more fine-grained results that cannot currently be obtained from the direct use of actual reality only. Underlying factors such as experimental control and data presentation are briefly described in the discussion section.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Performance Analysis and Channel Resource Management in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

contributor:
Zhao, Dongmei
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
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Building a wireless sensor network (WSN) based on cognitive radio can be promising in the near future in order to provide data transmissions with quality of service requirements, while avoiding the interference in the license-free spectrum and high cost in accessing dedicated spectrum.

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In this thesis, we design a cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) that integrates wireless sensor networking and cognitive radio technology, and analyze its performance. The network opportunistically accesses vacant channels in the licensed spectrum. \i\Then the current channel becomes unavailable, the devices switch to another available channel. The network supports both real-time and non-real-time traffic. Delay performance for the real-time traffic and throughput for the non-real- time traffic are studied. Two types of the real-time traffic are considered: bursty traffic where a burst of packets are generated periodically and each burst includes a random number of packets, and Poisson traffic where packet arrivals follow a Poisson process. Analytical models are developed for the average packet transmission delay 'when supporting each type of the real-time traffic, and simulation results of both the average transmission delay and packet drop rate performance are demonstrated . Our results indicate that real-time traffic can be effectively supported in the CRSN. Given the total number of candidate channels that can possibly be used by a CRSN, we consider how to allocate the channels among different clusters in order to maximize the system throughput. A heuristic scheme is designed to find the optimum channel allocations that achieves the same throughput as the exhaustive search method.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Autonomy, Technology and Prenatal Screening: What a relational understanding of autonomy and a postphenomenological model of technology can contribute to the ethical discourse of prenatal screening.

contributor:
Gedge, E.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This thesis explores the contribution that both a postphenomenological understanding of technology and a relational understanding of autonomy can make to the ethical debate over prenatal screening. Postphenomenological theories of technology make the surprising move of viewing artefacts as actors without agency. This move is useful because it allows artefacts to be socially embedded and able to convey intentionality in their relationships of mutual constitution with human subjects. The relational model of autonomy views autonomy as a capacity that is developed via our relations with others. Self trust is a key component of relational autonomy because in order to exercise autonomous capacity one has to have trust in oneself to make autonomous decisions. A key area of the ethical debate over prenatal screening can be articulated in terms of how prenatal screening interacts with and contributes to the identities of individuals, artefacts and social groups involved. Practices such as prenatal screening have a large influence on social identities because they overlap with significant social, ethical and political issues - such as the rights and value of women, people with disabilities and fetuses - and ethical values such as autonomy. Narratives that arise in our interactions with prenatal screening are particularly important because they have particular force of voice due to the authority that 'medicine' and 'science' imbue them. Prenatal screening provides a useful service and I am not arguing that prenatal screening should not be conducted but rather that we need to be aware of how the particular practice of prenatal screening interacts with both individuals and artefacts to contribute to a variety of social narratives, some of which are coercive, or harmful to particular social groups.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Individuals and variation: stable isotope analysis of weaning using dental serial sections.

contributor:
Cannon, Aubrey
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: Duration of breast feeding and the process of weaning in past populations are of interest to anthropologists because of implications for short and long term health effects, fertility rates and birth spacing, and differential resource access in the earliest years of life. Stable isotope analysis of tissue from archaeological populations can create a picture of weaning patterns, providing one lens for assessing child health in past populations and the process has become widely used in the past three decades. The most frequently utilized method for stable isotope analysis of weaning requires a high frequency of child burials from a range of ages to create a population curve that compares the changes in child diet to the adult mean. By approaching weaning through a population aggregate pattern, however, data on individual variation is lost and with it, any patterns in variability. This study uses a Greek sample from Apollonia Pontica in modem Bulgaria to test the usefulness of approaching stable isotope weaning studies from a multidimensional perspective. By using dental serial sections from a smaller total sample, individuals show dietary levels dependant on age, revealing both population level patterns of a shared cultural weaning standard as well as variation in the diets of individuals. In addition to bypassing several of the major limitations of population aggregate sampling, the serial sampling method provides comparable conclusions to an independent study while simultaneously providing additional data on variability within household diets obscured by the traditional method.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Kingdom of God in the Thought of Martin Luther King, Jr.

contributor:
Grant, G.P.
Religious Sciences

subject:
Religious Sciences
Religion
Religion

abstract: This thesis is written primarily to show the strong foundation which King's religious thought gives to his social activism and his nonviolent resistance. To do so the thesis first shows how King's religious thought can be most fully seen within the context of the religious concept of the Kingdom of God. As the outline of King's religious thought develops, it will be seen that he emphasizes the themes of God's sovereignty, Christ's immanence, and the Kingdom of God both present and future. After an exposition of the basic tenets of King's nonviolent resistance, these religious themes are snown to be the basis upon which the nonviolent resistance rests.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMETAL FACTORS ON HYBRID FITNESS IN CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMUNS

contributor:
Xu, Jianping
Biology

abstract: Recent population genetic studies have revealed that there are multiple natural hybridizations among divergent lineages in the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. However, the biological and phenotypic effects of such hybridization are little understood. In this study, we constructed a laboratory cross between two genetically diverged strains; chosen because they differed in growth at different temperature and medium conditions and in their susceptibilities to the common antifungal drug Fluconazole. Our analyses indicated evidence of environment-specific outbreeding depression and intermediate phenotypes in the hybrid population of C. neoformans. A variable number of progeny displayed evidence of transgressive segregation. With increasing drug concentration, the relative fitness of transgressive hybrids also increased. The analyses showed that the progeny population had a greater phenotypic plasticity than the parental strains. Our study suggested that hybridization can playa significant role in the evolution of this important human pathogenic fungus.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Modelling Phase Change Material Thermal Storage Systems

contributor:
Cotton, J. S.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract: In order to increase the overall efficiency of energy use in a community, excess thermal energy from inefficient processes can be stored and used for heating applications. A one-dimensional analytical conduction model is therefore developed for sizing of phase change material thermal energy storage systems. The model addresses rectangular channels of phase change material separated by flow channels for the addition and removal of thermal energy. The analytical model assumes a planar melt front and linear temperature profiles throughout the thermal storage cell. Heat flux and interface temperatures are calculated at various melt fractions based on a quasi-steady electrical analogue analysis of the instant in question. Compensation is made for the sensible energy change between melt fractions by adding this energy at the calculated heat flux. A two dimensional, conduction only computational fluid dynamics model is used to compare the response of the analytical model to changes in the input parameters and shows good agreement. A test apparatus and a three dimensional computational fluid dynamics model are also created and melt-time results compared to analytical model predictions. These comparisons also show good agreement. Finally, a thermal storage system is sized for a specific application, H2Green Energy Corporation's Distributed Storage System, with sizing based on the heat load requirements of McMaster Innovation Park during the winter months. Technical feasibility of this system is shown with analysis also included on economic feasibility. It is determined that the analytical model is sufficient for initial assessment of phase change material thermal energy storage systems where detailed geometry is unavailable. Recommendations are made for further validation of the model and the development of a phase change material properties database. Suggestions are also presented on additional sources of revenue for the H2Green Distributed Storage System that will increase its economic feasibility.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: On-Line System Identification in Real Time Using Minicomputer

contributor:
Sinha, N. K.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
By making use of measurements of the input and output of an unknown system, the characterizing parameters are found by using matrix pseudoinverse method. For noise-corrupted measurement, least squares estimation of the parameters are obtained.

Stochastic approximation is employed to improve the estimation.

Both methods are tested on-line in real time using the PDP-11/45 minicomputer while the system is simulated on the TR-20 analog computer.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The Gupta Temple Movement: A Study of the Political Aspects of the Early Hindu Temple.

contributor:
Kinsley, David R.
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis presents an analysis of the Vaişņava temple movement of the Gupta age. The term "temple movement" is used here to denote the spread of a uniform temple type throughout the Gupta Empire at the time when the Gupta power was at its apex. Special reference will be made to the political aspects of the movement: i.e., the promotion of kingship and the celebration of the Gupta Empire.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A GENERIC AUTOMATIC NUMERICAL STABILITY TESTING METHOD

contributor:
Qiao, Sanzheng
Computing and Software

subject:
Computer Sciences
Software Engineering
Computer Sciences

abstract:
In this thesis we develop a new automatic method to test algorithm's numerical stability. The new method is a combination of two stability testing methods introduced by Higham and Kahan, and takes advantage of the both method. We first generate an objective function which can reveal algorithm's stability, then locate the maximum value of the objective function by an optimization method. This method can automatically detect the unstable points and reveal algorithms instability.

To make our method suitable for general problems, we generate the objective function by measuring the difference of the test program's results computed in different rounding modes. We choose a search method suitable for our objective function. To improve the accuracy of our method, the final result is obtained by combining the results from multiple searches. Furthermore, we propose three measurements to measure algorithm's stability. Practical examples are used to test the performance of our method.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Energy Aware Basestation Placement in Solar Powered Sensor Networks

contributor:
Todd, Terence D.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: Sensor nodes are often used in outdoor locations where they can be operated using solar power. When such a network is deployed, there are usually restrictions in the way that the nodes can be positioned, and this results in a node-dependent attenuation of the usable solar energy. This effect must be taken into account when placing the basestations used to communicate with the sensor nodes. In this thesis we consider the minimum-cost placement of data collecting basestation nodes so that outage-free operation of the sensor nodes is obtained. This is done by minimizing the number of basestations required when taking into account the energy costs of sensor node traffic relaying. An optimization is first formulated which gives a lower bound on the number of basestations that are required. Because of the complexity of the problem, two algorithms are proposed which can be used to do placements for practical problem sizes. These algorithms use the result from an iterated local search as a starting point, and then use an energy aware local optimization to obtain feasible basestation placements. Results are presented which show that the algorithms perform well for a variety of network scenarios.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Early Neo-Confucian View of Chinese Buddhism

contributor:
Yun-hua, Jan
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The introduction of this thesis gives the cultural background of the thousand-year old confrontation between a well sinicized India-born religion, Chinese Buddhism, and the
reviving Chinese orthodoxy of the Sung period, Neo-Confucianism. Early Neo-Confucianist philosophers, namely Ch'eng Hao, Ch'eng I and Chu Hsi, attacked Buddhism on four main groilllds: historical and textual formulations, cosmology, metaphysics, and ethics -- both social and personal. The point of the thesis is to give a critical account and a tentative appraisal of their criticism, by examining both their rejection and their assimilations of Buddhist views, and in so doing to propose an answer to why Neo-Confucianism finally succeeded in permanently defeating the still powerful Chinese Buddhism of the time.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Engineering of Hyperbranched Polyethylene and its Future Applications

contributor:
Zhu, Shiping
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
The present study is concerned with the modification of hyper branched polyethylene (HBPE) via peroxide initiation and grafting with maleic anhydride. High-temperature solution modification using xylene as solvent was conducted, and the resultant material was characterized in terms of its structural, rheological, and physical properties, and compared to its unmodified counterpat. Moreover, the susceptibility of hyperbranched polyethylene to degradation/ crosslinking is investigated and compared to other commercially available polyolefins. Nevertheless, crosslinking of maleic anhydride grafted hyperbranched polyethylene is conducted in exploration of potential applications for this material.

Peroxide initiated modification of hyper branched polyethylene was conducted to examine its vulnerability to degradation/ crosslinking relative to other commercially available polyolefins. Creep recovery was used to measure the percentage change in zero shear viscosity upon modification while 13C-NMR was used to give the number of methyl, methylene, and methane groups. The work elucidated that the dominant reaction undergone by hyperbranched polyethylene upon peroxide initiated modification is degradation, in a fashion similar to polypropylene, which is due to its high degree of branching.

Peroxide initiated grafting of hyper branched polyethylene with maleic anhydride was conducted and the effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, monomer concentration, initiator type, and initiator concentration were systematically examined. The structure of the resultant functionalized polymer was confirmed via FTIR and 13C-NMR, and a maximal grafting density of 1.7 % was achieved using 2 wt.% MAH and 2 wt.% DCP in the preparation process. Alternating dominancy between the grafting reaction and other side reactions was noticeable when varying the initiator and the monomer concentrations. Moreover, a drop in the water contact angle upon modification suggested that the grafted polymer is more compatible with polar substrates. Furthermore, rheological characterizations showed that functionalized HBPE exhibits a Newtonian behavior, which is characteristic of its unmodified counterpart; however showed some slight shear thinning behavior at low temperatures.

Crosslinking of HBPE-g-MAH using a diamine was conducted in solution and in melt in an effort to find a potential application for the resultant polymer. The structure of the resultant polymer was confirmed through FTIR and the effect of reaction time, reaction temperature, and diamine concentration on the degree of cross linking was investigated. A maximal degree of crosslinking of 70% was achieved, where the structure of the polymer was found to have tremendous effect on the concentration of diamine necessary to gel the polymer. Nonetheless, the formation of a soft solid material from two liquid reactants suggested that HBPE-g-MAH could be a potential material for reaction injection molding applications.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The concept of Sākṣī in Adviata Vedānta

contributor:
Sivaraman, K.
Religious Sciences

subject:
Religious Sciences
Religion
Religion

abstract: I want to trace the development of the concept of Sākṣī in order to arrive at an understanding of its place and significance within tbe Advaita system of Vedānta. The mainconcern of the thesis will be to determine its importance as a counter to those who charge that Advaita philosophy allows for no logicai transition from the empirical to the transcendental. The idea of the witness-self will thus be approached with a view towards demonstrating its viability as a point of contact between ordinary experience and the "higher reality' in Advaita.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Georg Heym's Der Dieh: Ein Novellenbuch. Five Short Stories in English Translation with an Introduction and Commentary

contributor:
Teuscher, G.
German

subject:
German
German Language and Literature
German Language and Literature

abstract:
This thesis contains a translation of five stories from Georg Heym's collection of short stories entitled Der Dieb: Ein Novellenbuch. The major emphasis of the thesis is on the translation. Each of the translated stories is followed by a cornmentary in the form of footnotes. These footnotes point out the specific problems encountered in translating this work and they explain and comment on particular words and images.
The discussion serves as a general introduction to the five short stories. The main themes and literary style of each story are briefly analyzed.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Re-deflning the Victorian Ideal: the Productive Transnormative Family in Sensation Fiction

contributor:
Kehler, Grace
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: This study examines two of the most popular sensation novels of the 1860s, Lady Audley's Secret by Mary Elizabeth Braddon and East Lynne by Ellen Wood, and their respective treatments of the Victorian family. Building on the work of critics who question and challenge the cohesiveness of the domestic ideal and the complete family within Victorian ideology, this project explores the representation of family units in both novels that are somehow beyond the ideological normative family of husband, wife and biological children. I examine several different figures, including the stepmother, the governess, the orphaned child, the single parent, and the unmarried aunt in order to trouble the distinction between the normative family and the transnormative family and thereby suggest that the contradictions and tensions that exist within a family grouping can function as enabling rather than debilitating. Through such an examination, I redefine the domestic ideal as ultimately flexible and adaptable rather than fleeting, frail or unachievable.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Polypyrrole and Composite Electrodes for Electrochemical S upercapacitors

contributor:
Zhitomirsky, Igor
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
Electrochemical supercapacitors (ES) have become an attractive technology in electrical energy storage devices and found many applications in a number of areas. The development of ES requires fabrication of advanced electrodes with novel materials and new techniques. Conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) has been found to be a promising electrode for ES due to its high pseudo capacitance and good electrical conductivity. The polypyrrole based composite electrode with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been proved to enhance the electrochemical performance of ES.

Anodic electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole film and composite with MWCNTs has been successfully achieved on a stainless steel substrates in aqueous solutions. Novel additives, such as tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid disodium salt) and sodium salicylate have been employed for the electro-synthesis of PPy. The role of additives in the electrodeposition process have been discussed. The electrochemical properties of PPy and PPylMWCNT composite have been investigated and compared by using different characterization techniques.

The results showed that good quality PPy film and PPy/MWCNT composite can be obtained on stainless steel without anodic dissolution of anode using novel additives in aqueous solutions. The PPy films provided corrosion protection for stainless steel in aqueous solutions. High electrochemical performance of PPy film was achieved, the electrochemical behavior of PPy electrodes was significantly enhanced when MWCNTs were incorporated into the film matrix. Hence, investigations in this work indicated that PPy and PPy/MWCNT composite deposited on the stainless steel substrates are promising electrode materials for ES.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Alternate Level of Care: How Health Restructuring is Changing the Social Work Role

contributor:
Sinding, Christina
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
Social workers who are employed in a medical environment function in a situation that presents unique challenges to the profession. Currently the medical field in general and hospital settings specifically are experiencing extreme pressure to modify the manner in which they provide services. One manifestation of the current pressures that especially affects hospital social workers is alternative level of care (ALC). This thesis will examine the interplay of contemporary pressures on healthcare organizations, and social workers' professional practices. I will explore hospital social workers' perceptions of the transformation of their roles resulting from the intersection of organization and professional expectations using ALC as a back drop.

Although previous research has examined this concern from a more theoretical approach, little attention has been paid to the day to day experiences of front line workers. This study, based on a focus group with hospital social workers; extends our understanding of the impact of organizational influences on the role social workers occupy within health care organizations.

The changes in social work practice were understood in a range of ways by the focus group participants. In the most positive framing, any changes that were acknowledged were seen to be "instrumental." At the same time, group participants identified many potentially problematic changes in the actual practice of social work associated with ALC. Focus group members provided some insights as to how organization influences impacted on social work's apparent change in focus and practice.

It is my contention based on this study that contemporary organizational influences fundamentally change the manner in which the profession operates. If these organizational pressures are left unchallenged, social workers risk losing the ability to serve either the individual or greater good, making moot the debate surrounding our most appropriate role.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: THE LIMITS OF CERTAIN PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE WRIGHT-FISHER MODEL

contributor:
Feng, Shui
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
In this thesis, I endeavor to solve the remaining problem in Dr.Feng's paper[8], where Dr.Feng obtain the Large Deviation Principle of the following distribution

[equation removed]

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Generally speaking, the Large Deviation Principle can yield the limit distribution if its rate function has only one zero point. Unfortunately, however, the rate function in [8] involves another parameter λ. When θ(a) = -log α, λ = -k(k + l), k ≥ 1, the rate function has exactly two zero points, thus by way of the Large Deviation Principle, we can hardly know its limit distribution. Therefore, I try to figure out another way to find it. Since PD(α)(dx) is the limit of the ordered Dirichlet distribution [equation removed] as K → +∞, then IIαλ(dx) is the limit of [equation removed] I only find the limit of [equation removed] which is the case when K = 2, θ(α) = -log α, λ < 0. The result is quite unexpected!

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Horizon's End: The Crisis of History in Grant and Nietzsche

contributor:
Planinc, Zdravko
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: George Grant sees Nietzsche as the foremost thinker of what it means to conceive time as history, and so discount the notion of eternal truth. In Time as History (1969), he presents a reading of Nietzsche's thought in tandem with a critique of the modern self-conception of humanity as maker of history and dominator of nature. Yet Nietzsche is not merely an expositor of what it means to be modern but, like Grant, a critic of modernity's politically and spiritually fragmenting consequences. Although Grant is an avowed Christian Platonist, and Nietzsche an avowed anti-Christian and anti-Platonist, they share a positive appraisal of the necessity of mythic consciousness to counterbalance the relativizing effect of historicism. While both believe a healthy social order requires myths to communicate humanity's proper place in the cosmos, they differ in that Nietzsche sees the supra-historical character of the cosmos as tragic in the classical sense, while Grant affirms the existence of a dimly perceivable but ultimately redemptive supernatural order. Therefore their respective cosmologies imply sometimes overlapping, but ultimately divergent, prescriptive guidelines to conduct and thought.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Secondary Wireless Mesh Network Design Using Leased Frequency Spectra

contributor:
D.Todd, Terence
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
This thesis considers the design of secondary wireless mesh networks which use leased frequency channels. Considering the growing interest in using wireless services and the scarcity of frequency bands with proper propagation characteristics, reusing the currently licensed and underutilized bands is promising. A new initiative by the FCC, which allows the secondary usage of TV bands has encouraged both academia and industry to develop new devices and standards suitable for these operations.

This thesis considers the design of secondary wireless mesh networks which use leased frequency channels. In a given geographic region the available channels are individually priced and leased exclusively. The usage of each channel is also subject to published interference constraints so that the primary user is not adversely affected. When the network is designed and deployed, the secondary user would like to minimize the costs of using the required resources while satisfying its own traffic and interference requirements. This problem is formulated as a mixed integer optimization which gives the optimum deployment cost as a function of the secondary node positioning, routing, and frequency allocations. Because of the problem's complexity, the optimum result can only be found for small problem sizes. To accommodate more practical deployments, four algorithms are proposed and their performance is compared to solutions obtained from the optimization.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Long, Small Diameter, Vertically Oriented, Uniformly Heated Tube

contributor:
Novog, D.R.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract:
A thermalhydraulics experiment was constructed at McMaster University that is capable of measuring heat transfer data for test sections up to 1 m long at pressures up to 10.0 MPa. The test section was powered by a 96 kW DC power supply with digital control. Inlet temperature was controlled using a 40 kW RMS AC welding power supply. The experiment was pressurized using a 3.79 L bladdertype accumulator charged by a 13.8 MPa nitrogen cylinder and controlled using Swagelok pressure-reducing and back-pressure regulators. Up to 870 kPa of pump head was supplied using a Micropump GC-M25 pump.

Commissioning data was gathered using a 93.2 cm long by 4.6 mm inside diameter Inconel 600 test section at 2.0 MPa with inlet temperatures from 126-180°C, representing inlet qualities of -0.2 to -0.08, and mass fluxes of 1500 and 2000 kg m-2 S-1. Maximum outlet quality was 0.07. Heat transfer was measured using electrically isolated thermocouples 2, 4, 9, 14, 24, 34, and 44 cm from the test section outlet. Using the most reliable thermocouple 4 cm from the test section outlet, and including only data that had a heat balance error of less than ±2%, the PetukhovPopov and Gnielinski correlations for single phase heat transfer overpredicted experimental results with mean errors of 10.2% and 19.1% and standard deviations of ±3.0% and ±3.3% respectively. Several sub cooled boiling correlations showed good predictive capability for the present results. The Thom correlation predicted subcooled boiling heat transfer 4 cm from the test section outlet particularly well with a mean error of 0.5% and a standard deviation of ±14.1%. Low mass quality saturated boiling data was predicted with a mean error of 15.3% and a standard deviation of 18.0% by the modified Chen correlation. Overall the preliminary results show good quantitative agreement with existing correlations. More data will be gathered in the near future to corroborate these results and verify the experimental capabilities at a wider range of pressures and flow rates.

The experiment will be used in the future to gather transient critical heat flux data. The experimental measurement accuracy, measurement speed, maximum inlet temperature, and flow control will be improved. This will be achieved by improving the thermocouple shielding and isolation, modifying and adding new data acquisition instrumentation, adding a heat exchanger at the test section outlet for inlet preheating, and adding an electronically controlled variac to control the pump voltage.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Chasing Acceptance: Socialization and Pre-medical Student Subculture

contributor:
Shaffir, William
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
A broad literature on professional socialization largely fails to account for common sets of experiences shared by all entrants to a given profession. In the patiicular case of medicine, a prolonged period of learning, aspiration and initiation is likely to precede recruitment to formal professional education. Employing symbolic interactionist theory and taking an ethnographic approach to understand the experiences and activities of premedical students, this thesis has sought to examine and analyze the pre-medical subculture and its socializing affects. Specifically, subculture is conceived of as both a product and agent of socialization. Information pertaining to the investment in and outcomes of participation in this subculture constituted the main focus of this thesis. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with students from the Health Sciences, Arts and Science, and Microbiology programs at McMaster University.

Findings from this thesis reveal that premedical subculture is socially constructed primarily through small-group interaction in local settings. This is done in response to students' need to master the curriculum and medical school applications while developing a convincing self-image toward legitimators and peers. The pre-medical subculture is found to serve the normative function of a subculture in the interactionist conception, namely providing solutions to collective challenges of adjustment However, this subculture also uniquely generates additional confounding challenges of adjustment which individual participants must negotiate. A number of other theoretical and substantive findings, as well as recommendations for future research, are presented.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Storytelling & Resilience: A Narrative Study of Youth in Care

contributor:
Sammon, Sheila
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: Resilience research forms the basis of this study examining first person accounts of youth in and alumni youth from care. Resilience opportunities are strengthened when the various systems supporting children and youth work in interconnected and cross-buttressed ways to promote positive coping and healthy development post adversity. It can be challenging to cull meaningful child welfare interventions from the literature's complexity that are not overly simplified or reductionist. This study is predicated on the idea that making adjustments to an existing practice of compiling life books for children and youth in care could be a forum for translating the complexities of resilience research into a therapeutic storytelling intervention. A narrative approach is taken to examine, explore, listen to and learn from a collection of resilience themed stories produced by Youth in Care Canada. Analysis includes an examination of the personal and political implications of identity formation; the empowerment and emotional healing potential in storytelling; and the power of the stories to alter social discourses. The study finds that a storytelling process has the potential to palliate healing in identities that transform from victims of adversity to persons of agency in recovery. Resilience research's main message that sustained supports strengthen opportunities for resilience is upheld. Resilient youth reconfigure the neo liberal ethos of individuality and self reliance into a stance of self determination dependent on the ongoing support of others. The stories are persuasive in widening discourses with the ideas that youth in and from care can meet the criteria for mainstream membership; and, further, youth do not have to overcome their harm to function well - halm and healing can co-exist. The study ultimately supports the recommendation that a storytelling process be implemented in the child welfare system to foster increased opportunities for resilience.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Disciplining our Emotions in a Caring Discipline

contributor:
Cain, Roy
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
As professionals in helping relationships, social workers must often balance themselves between the construction of caring relationships with the individuals with whom they work, the maintenance of boundaries which restrict their personal emotions in the relationship, and the prevailing agency and professional expectations of such interactions. This study aims to understand how social workers manage their emotions relating to their practice, given the many discourses that inform and guide them. I also examine some of the disparity between social worker training, socialization, and workplace realities.

The research involved qualitative interviews with four individuals in social work roles in Southern Ontario. Discussions with research participants encompassed an examination of how they saw their reactions to distressing events and how they perceived managing these responses in order to navigate their emotions in the context of their varying roles. Analysis of these nanatives is interpreted through a framework of literature on emotion management and information relevant to social work practice today. A critical perspective is taken up as I explore how our emotions and intuition are being impacted through political, economic or organisational ideologies and ask whose interests are served by these prevailing discourses. How this translates towards individuals and families in need is of significance to the core social work values of social justice.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Nanocomposite electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors

contributor:
Zhitomirsky, Igor
Materials Engineering

abstract:
The electrochemical supercapacitors (ESs) are an emerging technology that promises to play an important role in meeting the demands of electronic devices and systems both now and in the future. A notable improvement in performance has been achieved through recent advances in understanding charge storage mechanisms and the development of advanced nanostructured materials. Nanostructured manganese oxides in various forms have been found to be promising electrode materials for ES.

Cathodic electrodeposition method has been developed for the fabrication of nanostructured manganese dioxide films. Manganese oxide films were obtained by galvanostatic, pulse and reverse pulse electrodeposition from KMnO4 solutions. The diffusion-controlled deposition mechanism is based on the reduction of anionic MnO4- at the cathode surface. It was shown that film porosity is beneficial for the charge transfer during deposition, crack prevention in thick films and electrolyte diffusion in fabricated ES electrodes. The microstructure, chemical properties and charge storage properties of films prepared by different deposition methods are investigated and compared.

Novel chemical precipitation methods have been developed to produce manganese dioxide and Ag-doped manganese dioxide nanoparticles. Composite electrodes for ES were fabricated by impregnation of slurries of the manganese dioxide nanoparticles and carbon black into porous nickel foam current collectors. The microstructure and chemical properties of the powders were characterized. The capacitive behaviour of the composite electrodes was studied.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Exercise mediated regulation of medullary and extramedullary hematopoiesis

contributor:
Parise, Gianni
Kinesiology

subject: Kinesiology Kinesiology

abstract: Bone marrow is the major site of adult hematopoiesis. Bone marrow cells exert control over the hematopoietic stem cells that reside in the niche; osteoblasts act as positive regulators while adipocytes act as negative regulators. Levels of circulating hematopoietic cytokines also regulate hematopoiesis. In this study, we demonstrate that an endurance exercise training program results in several changes that act to induce hematopoiesis. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation is skewed away from adipogenesis and towards osteogenesis in exercise trained animals. As a result, the bone marrow cavity is remodeled during the training period and acts to facilitate hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic cytokine gene expression levels also increase in exercise trained skeletal muscle. These changes translate into increased bone marrow and blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell content. This study draws a link between exercise training, bone marrow niche regulation, skeletal muscle derived hematopoietic cytokines, and the regulation of hematopoiesis.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Injectable In Situ Gellable Hydrogel-Microgel Composites For Drug Delivery

contributor:
Hoare, Todd
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
Hydrogels are water soluble polymer networks that are similar to the extra-cellular matrix of cells. Drug delivery systems based on hydrogels are of interest given their high biocompatibility. Obstacles with their use include their macroscopic dimensions (requiring surgical implantation) and quick elution of drugs from the swollen hydrogel matrix.

These challenges can be addressed through the use of microgels, hydrogel particles with nanoscale dimensions. Microgels made from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)) are of particular interest given that the effective diameter and water content of these microgels decreases at ~32°C. The degree of des welling and drug release rates can be tuned by controlling distributions of comonomers inside micro gels. Microgels can be immobilized within an injectable hydrogel network which is a liquid outside the body but quickly gels upon injection inside the body.

The bulk, entrapping hydro gels were fabricated from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and dextran modified with hydrazide (CMC A) and aldehyde (Dex B) functional groups. When mixed via co-injection through a needle at concentrations of 2 wt%, a hydrazone-crosslinked hydrogel network was formed. AA-NIPAM micro gels were synthesized via mixed precipitation-emulsion free radical polymerization in a dilute (~1 wt% monomer) aqueous solution and were co-injected with the B polymer for encapsulation inside the hydrogel.

Current results show that the release of bupivacaine, a cationic local anesthetic, can be sustained over a period of up to 30 days using these composite hydrogel systems. Release rates scaled directly with the anionic functional group content of the micro gel. Release rates from the composite microgels appear to be driven by ion exchange between the microgel and drug as opposed to simple diffusion.

The composite hydro gels, hydrogel pre-polymers, and microgels all showed no significant cytotoxicity to fibroblasts or myoblasts at concentrations up to 2mg/mL according to the MTT assay, suggesting their utility as effective in vivo drug delivery vehicles.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Automatic Class Identification and Motion Classification for Improved Multitarget Tracking

contributor:
Kirubarajan, Thia
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: Target classification has received significant attention in tracking literature. Algorithms for joint tracking and classification that are capable of improving tracking performance by exploiting the inter-dependency between target class and target kinematic behavior have already been proposed. However, in previous works the possible types of classes were assumed to be known a prior and the problem of class identification itself was not considered. In practice, the prior class information may not be always available. In this thesis, motivated by a people tracking problem, a joint class identification and target classification algorithm that can simultaneously build class types on the basis of target kinematic and feature measurements and classify targets according to the identified classes even when there is switching among classes is proposed. In addition, a new concept called "class quality" is introduced to improve the class identification and target classification accuracy. Accordingly, a modified performance evaluation metric for multiple object estimation, called Quality-based Optimal Subpattern Assignment (Q-OSPA), is proposed to quantify the class identification performance of the proposed algorithm. This metric provides more intuitively appealing results than the original OSPA metric when the quality of estimates is available. This new metric is also applicable in standard tracking problems where classification or class identification is not carried out, but a track quality measure is available as in the case of the Mnltiple Hypothesis Tracking (MHT) or the Joint Integrated Probabilistic Data Association (JIPDA) algorithm. Besides theoretical derivations, extensive simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: When Children Struggle At School: The Impact on their Parents and Siblings

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
The goal of this research was to explore the implications for families when a child struggles at school. This study was designed to bring attention to the significant obstacles, sacrifices, and struggles that parents and families must face when a child experiences difficulties at school.

In order to gather data a focus group approach was utilized. Counselors who provide services to families with children who have school difficulties were recruited from a local counseling agency.

The data gathered through the focus group revealed many ways that a child's school struggles impact her or his family. General themes included the disruption to family routines and interactions, the drain on family resources, and the strained relationships between family members. Children's school difficulties were also seen to influence the perceptions that parents had of their abilities as advocates for their children.

Although the study was small in scale, these research findings have contributed to a better understanding of the complexities that school struggles add to famiiy Hfe and how families are forced to adapt, and uitimateiy change their lives, to support a child at school. Findings from this study suggest that family members are affected emotionally, economically, and practically: that all aspects of their daily lives are affected by a child's school struggles.

It appears that the impact of a child's struggle at school is seldom recognized and acknowledged and therefore it appears that there is room for more research in this area. Parents, educators, as well as political representatives would benefit from more attention to these issues. Although this study did not focus specifically on foster families, fmdings suggest that a foster child's school struggles may affect the permanency and success of the foster placements; this is another area for future study.

I hope that by validating and acknowledging parents' lived experiences and struggles, they may feel less alone and that this knowledge will provide them with a little renewed energy to continue challenging the barriers that they face.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: On the Hill of Crosses: Catholicism and Lithuanian National Identity

contributor:
Badone, Ellen E.F.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This thesis examines the relationship between Catholicism and Lithuanian national identity, focusing on Kryziu kalnas (the Hill of Crosses), a Catholic pilgrimage site.

The historical link and symbiosis between religion and nation in Lithuania shape Lithuanian Catholicism and identity, as well as the discourse and experience of the Hill of Crosses. The dominant narrative about the site draws upon and adds to this connection. It is narrated as a locus for simultaneously religious and politico-nationalist dissent against foreign occupation.

 The ethnographic reality at the Hill of Crosses reveals the production of religious and political meanings for present-day pilgrims at multiple levels. Behaviors at the site are expressed in an idiom and through symbolism largely dictated by the parameters set by the amalgamation of the dominant narrative and the visitors to the site. For all visitors the production of meaning takes place within the context and constraints established by the dominant narrative, the behavior of other visitors, visitors' own preconceptions, and other factors. The site itself is constantly (re)constructed and (re)produced.

Analysis suggests that the post-Soviet era has opened the way for more plurality in meaning-making and that there has been gradual but incomplete loosening of the bonds between religion and nation, but the two remain inextricably linked for most Lithuanians and inextricably linked at the Hill of Crosses.

This work contributes to an understanding of meaning-making at this pilgrimage site. It also contributes to our understanding of how the relationship between religion and nation has been molded by history. Furthermore, by examining the narrative about Lithuania's Soviet legacy, this thesis sheds light upon the post-Soviet transition. Finally, in exploring the interactions and relationships between "religion" and "nation" in changing socio-political contexts, this thesis offers a corrective to our tendency to think of the two as separate or separable.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Templars, Crusades, and Consideration: A Study on Bernard of Clairvaux's AlIegory of the Two Swords

contributor:
Widdicombe, Peter
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: While most analyses of Be mar d's allegory of the two swords frame the discussion from the perspective of Bernard's overall political theology, this approach often ignores the allegory's connection to the Knights Templar. This thesis examines Bernard of Clairvaux's allegory of the Two Swords from a literary and historical perspective. By examining each of Bernard's uses of the allegory separately and in their own contexts, this thesis aims to identify the various ways in which Bernard used the allegory. As well, this work seeks to understand what the allegory can and cannot tell us about Bernard's overall political theology. This thesis argues that Bernard employed the allegory in order to describe the authority by which the pope may protect the Church when it is threatened, but that the allegory's effectiveness for determining Bernard's political theology outside the context of the Church's defence remains limited.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Characer Types in Selected Novels by Dickens

contributor:
Petrie, Graham
English

abstract:
This thesis is intended to explore the relationship between Dickens's use of 'type' characters and the portrayal of goodness in his novels. The 'benevolent old man', the 'impulsive young hero', and the 'good and simple man' are identified as Dicken's primary 'types' of 'goodness', and their development is traced over the course of selected novels ranging from Pickwick Papers to Great Expectations.

Dickens's original formulation of goodness is a simple one and his naivete as well as his artistic immaturity is reflected in characters, like the Cheeryble brothers, whose uni-dimensional virtue ultimately renders them absurd. Over the course of his many novels Dickens develops a more complex moral view that endeavours to explore the interplay of good and evil within the individual. Great Expectation's Magwitch is, perhaps, the best example of the increasing moral complexity of Dickens's art.

This thesis also examines the journey of the 'impulsive young hero', another of Dickens's 'types' of 'goodness', from dependence upon the providential figure to self-determination and moral autonomy. Early heroes like Nicholas Nickleby and
Martin Chuzzlewit remain subordinate to the will of the 'benevolent old man' in order to guarantee their future prospects. As Dickens matures as a novelist, however, the 'benevolent old man' becomes an increasingly less powerful figure and, as a result, the hero is forced to become more responsible for his cwn existence. Through his rejection of Magwitch's fortune in Great Expectations Pip constitutes the final movement in the hero's search for self-determination.

As the 'benevolent old man' appears in increasingly abrogated forms the 'good and simple man', the final Dickensian type of goodness that is discussed in this study, becomes the representative of the pure virtue that was formerly the province of the providential figure. The 'good and simple man', is, however, invariably a member of the lower classes and his social helplessness reflects Dickens' gradually declining faith in an ameliorative middle class.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "Fantasy" and "Prophecy" in E.M. Forster

contributor:
Bishop, Alan
Aziz, M.
English

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: In Aspects of the Novel, Forster discusses the function and importance of "fantasy" and "prophecy", fictional elements that play an essential role in his own works. The object of this study is to provide a definition of these two terms, and to apply them to an evaluation of Forster's two most renowned novels--Howards End and A Passage to India.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Readers and Texts: Representative Contemporary American Fiction

contributor:
Hutcheon, Linda
English

abstract:
When a reader opens a novel and begins reading he enters a fictional world, one which he discovers and unfolds via his act of reading. This basic fact of reader/text interaction is, in short, the focal point of many metafictional works. Metafiction, which is simply "fiction about fiction," centers not only on the writer's processes of creation and his product, the text, but also broadens its scope to include the equally important process, that of reading. The contemporary metafictionists' concern for equating the creative acts of writing and reading engenders a new role for the reader--that of the text's co-creator. The reader, who accepts his new co-creative role, is made more aware of how he activates a text to bring it to life. This fact sets contemporary metafictional works apart from previous "novelistic self-consciousness."

The representative contemporary American writers selected for this study share in common their focus on the reader and his act of reading. The concept of "intertextuality " and its constituent structural parts, the "intertext" and the "intratext," are key elements amongst the fictions here discussed, elements which seek to make the reader more aware of his co-creative role. After all, a text does not exist beyond the confines of print and page until it is read, until it is brought to life via an active, imaginative, and hence, creative mind.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Individual Magnetosomes in Magnetotactic Bacteria by Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy

contributor:
Hitchcock, A. P.
Chemistry and Chemical Biology

subject: Biochemistry Chemistry Biochemistry

abstract:
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce single-domain nano-crystals (typically 30-60 nm in size) of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) enclosed in a biomembrane. Known as magnetosomes, these chains of ferrimagnetic nanocrystals, each comprising a single magnetic dipole, allow MTB to align themselves with respect to the earth's magnetic field, and then migrate to their preferred habitat at the oxic-anoxic transition zone of aquatic environments. Recently, magnetotactic bacteria and magnetosomes have received much attention for their potential in various medical, environmental, biotechnological and technological applications as nano-magnetic material. Using the soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray microscopes (STXM) at the Canadian Light Source (Saskatoon) and Advanced Light Source (Berkeley, CA), the magnetic properties and biochemistry of the magnetosomes were studied at high spatial resolution (30 nm). In order to probe the permanent magnetic moment and magnetic orientation of individual magnetosomes, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) was used.

Although this technique has previously been applied to ensembles of magnetotactic bacteria as reported in the literature, the work presented in this thesis marks the first time that Fe L2,3 XMCD signal was measured from single 30-nm diameter Fe3O4 magnetosomes in individual MTB, in particular, those of a marine vibrio, strain MV-1 [1]. Furthennore, recent major improvements to the STXM data acquisition process have allowed measurement of much higher quality XMCD data, by using XMCD-stacks in which the left and right circularly polarized signals are measured alternately at each photon energy. As well, the associated biochemistry was explored by speciation and quantitative biochemical mapping at the C1s and O1 s absorption edges. Studies on magnetotactic bacteria will lead to a deeper understanding of the genetic and environmental factors and mechanisms involved in magnetosome chain formation, which may be a precursor to understanding biomineralization processes present in higher-level organisms, such as birds and bees.

[1] KP Lam et al. (2010), Chem. Geol. 270, 110.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Development of Seymour Glass as a Figure of Hope in the Fiction of J.D. Salinger

contributor:
Ross, Michael
English

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to show the development of J.D. Salinger's character, Seymour Glass, in the following works, and in the order in which they first appeared: "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" (1948), "Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters" [19551, "Seymour: An Introduction" [19591, "Hapworth 16; 1924" [1965].

Seymour Glass is a greatly misunderstood protagonist in modern literature, and I hope to shed some light on his important function. He is a character who possesses a remarkable intellect, and whose supposed saintliness is conceived by many critics as inconsistent with the fact that he commits suicide, I hope to show, nevertheless, that Seymour Glass is a figure of hope for modern North America, in particular, and not a figure of despair. I also hope to show that the charge made against Seymour's inconsistent and, therefore, incredible, unreliable character, reveals the insufficiently perceptive reading on the part of the critics, and not the inability of Salinger to create fine literature.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF CARBORANE SERMS

contributor:
Valliant, John Fitzmaurice
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
A stereoselective synthesis of closo carborane analogues of Tamoxifen was developed where the products represent a new platform for developing metabolically robust Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs). Using an ionic liquid-mediated insertion reaction and a highly conjugated ene-yne prepared stereoselectively, the A-ring in the backbone of Tamoxifen was replaced with an ortho carborane cluster. X-ray crystal structures of a key intermediate and the final target along with NMR spectroscopy confirmed that the product was in fact the desired Z isomer, which showed superior chemical stability to Tamoxifen both in solution and the solid state even when exposed to light for extended periods of time. Using microwave heating, it was however possible to convert up to 50% of a sample of the Z isomer to the corresponding E isomer, which was isolated by HPLC and fully characterized. Inhibition assays using both isomers and a simple aryl carborane that is known to target the ER were conducted using estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative human breast cancer cell lines with and without estradiol (E2) present. The Z carborane isomer was able to inhibit cell proliferation better than Tamoxifen in an E2 free environment, while the E isomer was able to inhibit cell growth better than Tamoxifen when E2 is present.

Degradation of the claso carborane Tamoxifen analogue to the nido species under basic and aqueous conditions, using traditional or microwave heating, resulted in E-Z isomerization, but is was found that in the presence of aprotic solvents, the nido species could be prepared as a single geometric isomer. With the nido species in hand the carborane Tamoxifen analogue was metalated (Re/⁹⁹ᵐTc) and iodinated (¹²⁷l). The technetium analogue was evaluated in a cell uptake assay which showed binding to human breast cancer cells MCF-7.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Experimental Study of Return Flow Drawn from Harbour Resonators

contributor:
James, W.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract: This report describes an experimental investigation into the potential use of return flow from rectangular harbour resonators incorporated into semi-infinite harbour entrances. The mechanism studied includes: the bandwidth of the reduced energy spectrum transmitted into a harbour, the concomitant reflected wave spectra and the energy available for return flow. This report is intended to provide data for the design of on-channel harbour resonators so as to eliminate or reduce the transmission of a selected band of harmful wave frequencies and to maximize the energy of scouring currents so as to prevent the influx and deposition of littoral sediments in harbour entrances. Observations were also made of the potential danger to small vessels provided by the movement of waves into and out of the resonators. The vessels would probably be ejected from the resonator without risk of battering, although the motion locally in the mouth of the resonator will be amplified.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: An Examination of the Prose Style of Clarissa and of Lovelace

contributor:
Blewett, David L.
English

abstract:
This dissertation gives a close analysis of the letters of Clarissa and Lovelace written after five crucial incidents in the novel. Based on structuralist assumption that language constructs and shapes our world, this thesis examines the writing style of the two main characters of Clarissa. The manner of linguistic expression of these characters is considered: i.e., diction; choice of words, tone, sentence structure and syntax, the types of figurative language; imagery, and rhetorical devices. In the process, we discover that Richardson uses style to reveal character and the unconscious. How a writer says whatever he says is as important as what he says.

In the last few years, much critical attention has been paid to Lovelace. His attractiveness as a dashing young rake cannot be denied. However, some of Richardson's main aims in writing Clarissa are to "warn the inconsiderate and thoughtless of the one sex against the base arts and designs of specious contrivers of the other," and to warn young people against the notion that "a reformed rake makes the best husband." Lovelace claims to be reformed, but his style, unaltered from beginning to end, shows that he is not. This paper shifts the attention away from Lovelace to the true heroine of the novel, Clarissa. She is in fact Richardson's idea of "christianity... thrown into action." His portrayal of her makes him truly worthy of the
title "master in the delineation of the female heart."

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An Archaeological Assessment of Fisheries in Vava'u, Tonga.

contributor:
Cannon, Aubrey
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: Archaeological explorations of South Pacific Islands tend to focus on identifying the presence of a distinct dentate stamped pottery style coined "Lapita Ceramics". Studies concerning the subsistence strategies of Lapita settlers tend to be localized to single islands or archipelagos. An examination of archaeological fish remains can provide information concerning the kinds of fish being harvested, the diversity of the fishery, the technology used for harvest, and the relative importance of fish to the overall subsistence economy. Subsistence research in the South Pacific is predominantly centered on the marine environment and Lapita interactions with local marine resources. Identification of fish remains and analysis of the abundances of fish resources on several islands has led to a generalization of Lapita subsistence practices as dominated by reef resources. An analysis of fish remains at four Lapita sites (Falevai, 'Otea, Ofu, and Vuna), in Vava'u Tonga indicates settlers had a complex and diverse relationship with marine environments, and demonstrates that Vava'u fisheries are characterized by the casual harvest of large bodied fish. In addition to a characterization of Vava'u fisheries, a critical comparison of the fishing practices of Tongatapu, Ha'apai and Vava'u highlights the range of subsistence practices employed by the Lapita and defies the imposition of generalized subsistence models on Lapita settlers.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Model Based Deformable Object Manipulation Path Planning and Position Control

contributor:
Patriciu, Alexandru
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
A deformable object is a body that can undergo an alteration in shape and dimension as a result of external interactions. This characteristic makes deformable object handling considerably more difficult than handling rigid objects, which allow for the independent control of object grasping and manipulation. In the case of a deformable object, the grasping and manipulation interfere with one another, since a large enough force on the object may change its shape and location. One solution to this problem is the use of deformable object models. Models can provide an insight to the behavior of a deformable object subjected to various interactions with its environment. Lately, the use of deformable object models has received much attention from the industrial and medical communities.

This thesis addresses the use of a deformable object model, developed using the mesh free Reproducing Kernel Particle Method RKPM, to aid in the accurate control of soft object manipulation path planning procedures and target stabilization during needle insertion procedures. Also, the deformable object is used as a part of an integrated system to control the manipulation of a physical object, using a robotic tool under position feedback from a stereoscopic camera.

The results present a comparison between two different integration methods used to solve the deformable object model; The Gaussian Quadrature and a more efficient method referred to as the Collocated method, which is explained in Chapter 3. In both cases, the accuracy values of the results were comparable. A preliminary study was successfully completed using a coarse and refined object model to show a virtual concept of the physical system prior to its development. Using markers to dictate the performance of a physical object corresponding to the simulated object, experimental results were attained for a planar deformable object. Successful path following tasks were accomplished using the physical deformable object.

Further, the target stabilization method proved to be successful in reducing the movement of a target with respect to the insertion direction of the needle in the tissue. The static paddle approach used the criteria of choosing the optimal paddle based on the highest reduction in target lateral movement, which showed to be case specific. The dynamic paddle approach was formulated to reposition the target back to its original position and was more robust to object characteristic changes.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Emily Brontë's Romantic Treatment of Love and Separation

contributor:
Ferns, H.J.
English

abstract:
The thesis concentrates on the treatment of love and separation in Emily Brontë's poetry and novel, Wuthering Heights. The first chapter discusses Emily Brontë as a Romantic artist and attempts to deal with the critical difficulties encountered in placing her in this tradition. Her imaginative use of source material is also considered along with the influences of Scott and Byron. Comparisons with other Romantic artists cofirm the sense that Emily Brontë is a Romantic writer.

The second chapter explores the development of Emily Brontë's creative imagination by comparing the treatment of love and separation in her poetry to its treatment in her prose. The themes of love and separation are handled most powerfully in Wuthering Heights.

The focus of the thesis in the third and fourth chapters shifts to love and separation in Wuthering Heights. The first part of the novel is Romantic in its emphasis on the transcendental nature of thwarted, passionate love. Heathcliff's desire for union with Catherine's spirit reveals the continuation of Romantic elements in the second part of Wuthering Heights. The novel's moral concern, the necessity of forgiveness, is viewed, however, as something it shares with the conventions of Victorian fiction. The recurring interest and faith in the transcendental make the novel primarily a Romantic work.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Novel Differential Polarization-shift Keying Scheme for Fiber-optic Communication System

contributor:
Kumar, Shiva
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
The rapid development of fiber-optic communication system requires a increasing transmission data rate and reach. One of the challenge for long-haul high-speed fiber-optic system is how to reduce the impairments and degrading effects from fiber dispersions and nonlinearity. Although the advances of digital signal processor (DSP) make impairment compensation for the coherent systems become possible, the implementation of coherent system is still expensive. Among the direct detection systems, differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) system shows great advantages over other modulation schemes. Although the recent commercial fiber-optic communication systems are based on DPSK, polarization-mode dispersion and fiber nonlinearity are still limiting factors for DPSK systems. In 2004, a differential polarization-phase-shift keying (DPolPSK) system in which information is encoded in both polarization and phase with multi-level direct detection is proposed, and it is found out the DPolPSK system greatly reduces the effect of nonlinear polarization scattering. With the expectation of getting a better nonlinear tolerance than DPSK system, a novel differential polarization-shift keying (DPolSK) system with balanced direct detection receiver is proposed and compared with DPSK system in terms of fiber dispersion and nonlinearity tolerance.

The DPolSK system encodes information in the polarization angle difference between two adjacent symbols. To transmit bit '1' ('0'), the polarization angle of the current symbol is shifted by π/2 [-/2 (-π/2) with respect to the previous symbol. A balanced detector based on optical delay interferometer and Faraday rotator is used to demodulate the DPolSK signals. Ideally without dispersion and nonlinearity, the DPolSK has the same receiver current level as DPSK system.

Monter-carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate the DPolSK system in the presence of chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), and fiber nonlinearity (FNL). The simulation results show DPolSK system has the same bit-error-rate (BER) and PMD tolerance as DPSK system when fiber nonlinearity is ignored. However, when nonlinearity is taken account in the system, DPolSK shows overall superiority to DPSK system. The reason that DPolSK has higher nonlinear tolerance than DPSK is also explored. The intra-channel four-wave mixing (IFWM) effect on the DPolSK and DPSK systems are investigated and the simulation results show the ghost pulse generation induced by IFWM is suppressed in DPolSK system as compared to DPSK system, leading to higher nonlinear tolerance.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: "Erlebnis wie bei Dostojewski'': Herbert Eisenreich's Reworking of Katherine Manasfield's "A Cup of Tea"

contributor:
Lawson, J. B.
German

abstract: This thesis begins with a. brief account of the lives of Katherine Mansfield and Herbert Eisenreich, and with a description of the state of the German short story after World War II. The theme of misunderstanding is traced through Eisenreich' s novels, radio plays and short stories, and it is shown that the story,"Erlebnis wie bei Dostojewski", contains the preoccupations which appear in these other works as well. This story is then compared with its "Vorlage", Katherine Mansfield's "A Cup of Tea". Particular attention is paid to techniques used by Eisenreich but not used by Mansfield. Finally, there is a translation of Eisenreich's story into English.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Controlled Diffusion Solidification for Tilt Pouring casting process

contributor:
Shankar, Sumanth
Mechanical Engineering

abstract: Increased efforts have been undertaken to develop advanced casting (near-net shaped) processes and materials to attain high-integrity cast components with improved mechanical properties and performances. Semi-Solid Metal (SSM) process is one such process route where in typical binary eutectic alloys with suitable alloying additions could be cast from a two phase (solid and liquid) state into a near net shaped component. The SSM technology has been feverishly developed globally via two fundamental processing routes, namely, thixocasting and rheocasting. The use of the former process has been diminishing in recent years due to economic disadvantages inherent to the process and the development of rheocasting route has been dominant. In this process the new SSM processing route in Controlled Diffusion Solidification (CDS) has been validated by carrying out shaped casting in a tilt-pour casting process. Additionally, the project has shown for the first time that it is viable to shape cast Al wrought alloys which have been traditionally impossible to do so. In CDS technology two precursor alloys with specific chemical composition and melt temperatures are mixed in a controlled manner and subsequently cast into a shaped component. The process yields components with a non-dendritic morphology of the primary phase during solidification in the resultant microstructure. Further, CDS circumvents the problems of hot tearing during casting which has been the primary deterrent in casting Al wrought alloys into shaped castings. The project has shown that CDS technology can be used for commercial casting of sound components with Al wrought alloys by using three alloys, namely, 2024, 6082, 7075 Al alloys. The objectives of the project were achieved by designing, manufacturing and validating a tilt-pour casting equipment along with a standard metal mould to shape cast test bars for tensile and fatigue properties assessment. Alloy compositions, melt temperatures and several process conditions were optimized by laboratory experiments and industrial tilt-pour casting trials. The project was successful in establishing a viable method to shape cast Al wrought alloys, specifically the three example alloys considered and it has been shown that the shaped casting of these alloys were visually sound with good casting integrity, heat treatable and showed reasonable tensile properties. Further, a viable scrap recycling methodology for shape casting AI wrought alloys by CDS has been formulated and validated in this project with 2024 Al alloy.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Properties of Galaxy Dark Matter Halos using galaxy-galaxy weak lensing in the CFHTLS-Deep

contributor:
Parker, Laura C.
Physics and Astronomy

subject:
Astrophysics and Astronomy
Physics
Astrophysics and Astronomy

abstract:
Gravitational lensing can be used as a direct probe of the distribution of dark matter around galaxies , groups, and clusters, making it a powerful tool in astrophysics. In this thesis, we introduce the basics of gravitational lensing and weak gravitational lensing. Using weak lensing to study the ensemble-averaged properties of a population of objects, we present a study of galaxy-galaxy lensing of galaxy-sized dark matter halos using data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) Deep.

We calculated the average velocity dispersion for an L* galaxy at a redshift of 0.54 to be 113 ± 9 kms-1, with a mass of 1.7 ± 0.3 x 1012 h- 1M⊙. We present the first conclusive evidence for non-spherical galaxy dark matter halos. Our results favour a dark matter halo with an ellipt icity of 0.70 ± 0.18 at > 5σ when averaged over all galaxies. If the sample of foreground lens galaxies is selected by colour , we detect non-spherical halos for all 4 samples except a green subsample. We also consider samples of galaxies divided by colour , redshift and luminosity. Our luminosity samples allowed us to calculate a B-band Tully-Fisher relation which is consistent with theoretical predictions.
From our data, we do not detect any evolut ion in galaxy dark matter halos from a redshift of 0. 78 to 0.39, corresponding to no evolut ion from when the Universe was 6.6 Gyr to 9.1 Gyr old in a ACDM cosmology.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Dependency Work, Compensation and Gender Equity

contributor:
Gedge, Elisabeth
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: Eva Feder Kittay's work Love's Labor demonstrates how John Rawls' A Theory of Justice makes certain assumptions about the citizen who is included in the fair terms of agreement necessary for social cooperation. As a result, Rawls' theory excludes dependency concerns altogether. Kittay amends Rawl's theory to argue for providing compensation for dependency work. Though Kittay's proposal is intended to degender and redistribute the work, because she does not include a standard of gender equity, her compensation system risks reinforcing the sexual division of labor. By introducing Nancy Fraser's complex conception of gender equity into the analysis of any compensation system, it is possible to illustrate that what is needed to achieve more equitable circumstances is to increase men's participation rates as providers of care. In order to gain men's participation, theorists often look to the Nordic countries as their combination of social policies assumes that citizens have responsibilities as both workers and as caregivers, thus their policies facilitate the participation of all members of society in both the public and private realms. Though the structure of policies in the Nordic countries are more progressive, there is still a gendered gap in earnings, more women remain in parttime employment and women still take the majority of the parental leave. While Nordic countries have made gains towards gender equity, social policies can make social institutions more equitable but this is only a partial solution. I argue that in addition to social policies, we also need to change the ways in which gender is recognized and how gendered recognition norms can be highly influential enabling individuals to enter into and occupy particular roles more easily than others. When certain roles are easier for individuals to occupy it raises questions about how unconstrained the choice to enter into dependency work is.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A study of some aspects of the comedy in Duerrenmatt's Works

contributor:
Lawson, J.B.
German

abstract: A critical and comparative analysis of the comic elements in Duerrenmatt's works.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: John Dos Passos: The Individual's Relationship with His Milieu in Three Novels by John Dos Passos

contributor:
Brasch, J. D.
English

abstract:
The following study deals with the individual's relationship with his social, historical and institutional milieu in three novels by John Dos Passos, Manhattan Transfer (1925), U.S.A. (1930-36), and Midcentury (1960). In chapter I, the introduction to this study, I have presented a brief biographical sketch on the author as well as an examination of Dos Passos' choice of an artistic form. Dos Passos' conception of art and the function of the artist as well as Dos Passos' place in the evolution of naturalistic literature have been discussed.

The second chapter of this study focuses on the individual in conflict with an urban environment. The effects of this setting upon the individual's psyche forms the crux of my investigation. In chapter III, I have examined Dos Passos' U.S.A trilogy. The individual's relationship with his historical milieu and Dos Passos' essentially Marxist interpretation of history are used as the basis of my analysis. Chapter IV deals with Midcentury. The discussion in this chapter is founded upon the individual's conflict with social institutions, especially American labor organizations. In chapters two, three and four, Dos Passos' anti-deterministic philosophy and his concern with the individual is accentuated. Dos Passos' belief that personal integrity and social responsibility and conscientiousness are the mainstays of the survival of both individual and national liberty is established as the focal point of discussion. The "vag", who embodies this idea, is used as the linking motif between the three studies.

Chapter V, the conclusion, discusses Dos Passos' role as both a writer and citizen. Here the instructive and artistic qualities of the three novels examined in this study have been evaluated.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Franz Fühmann: A Study Through Translation

contributor:
Denner, K.
German

abstract:
The results of an intensive analysis of writings by Franz Fühmann will not be presented in the traditional form of a discussion, but rather as an actual recreation in another language of the specific texts under study.

This thesis, then, presents three stories from Franz Fühmann's 1977 collection entitled Bagatelle, rundum positiv in English translation.

A preliminary chapter serves to introduce this contemporary writer from the German Democratic Republic, and to acquaint the reader with the cultural, political scene within which Fühmann has been working.

In the concluding chapter, particular problems encountered in translation are pointed out, and solutions to these problems are explained. These solutions were devised subsequent to my gaining insight into the material.

The bibliography catalogues all literature produced by Franz Fühmann prior to 1980, and also everything written on him and his work to date. It is intended to be a list of all the sources available for an eXhaustive Fühmann study, not merely a catalogue of the publications actually used for the purpose of this thesis.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Structural Parameters of the M87 Globular Cluster System

contributor:
Harris, William E.
Physics and Astronomy

abstract: We derive structural parameters for ~2000 globular clusters in the giant Virgo elliptical M87 using extremely deep Hubble Space Telescope images in F606W (V) and F814W (I) taken with the ACS/WFC. The cluster scale sizes (half-light radii rh) and ellipticities are determined from PSF-convolved King-model profile fitting. We find that the rh distribution closely resembles the inner Milky Way clusters, peaking at rh ≃ 2.5 pc and with virtually no clusters more compact than rh ≃ 1 pc. The metal-poor clusters average 24% larger in rh than the metal-rich ones. The cluster scale size shows a gradual and noticeable increase with galactocentric distance. Clusters are very slightly larger in the bluer waveband V, a possible hint that we may be beginning to see the effects of mass segregation within the clusters. We derive a color magnitude diagram for the M87 globular cluster system which show a clear bimodal distribution. We analyzed in the detail the sub-structure of the CMD by applying statistical fits to the color distribution. We obtain a Globular Cluster Luminosity Function for all M87 clusters and for its red and blue subpopulations. The best statistical fits describing the Luminosity Functions were also calculated. The metal-poor subpopulation has a brighter peak (mean) than the metal-rich subpopulation.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Social Work and Reiki: Towards Integration

contributor:
Sammon, Sheila
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
Complementary therapies are becoming increasingly popular among health care users and are also a growing focus of academic research . However, there has been limited attention given to the relationship between social work practice and complementary therapies.

This qualitative research involved completing interviews with four social workers who also have Reiki training. The goal was to explore the experiences of social workers in order to better understand the benefits and challenges of incorporating Reiki into social work practice and conventional medicine.

Participants identified benefits and challenges that they had experienced as a result of being a social worker with Reiki credentials and attempting to integrate Reiki within their clinical practice. Reiki was identified as being a supportive intervention that could assist both social workers and the people they serve. Participants emphasized that social workers have the necessary skill set to support the use of Reiki , and that Reiki can be a valuable addition to social work practice and conventional medicine.

Social work practice and conventional medicine need to continue to evolve to meet the diverse needs of service users who are interested in combining traditional interventions with complementary therapies, like Reiki. Integrating Reiki into social work practice and conventional medicine also supports their commitment to providing holistic services.

Social work specific research is needed on the use of Reiki within social work practice to support the move towards integration. As interest in Reiki and the connection between mind , body, and spirit increases, it will be important for social work research to re-examine the place of complementary therapies within social work practice.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: The Rôle of Art in Gottfried's Tristan

abstract: This paper begins with an examination of Gottfried1s probable background and interests, which are seen to vary greatly from those of his contemporaries. These differences manifest themselves in the poet's unusual degree of concern for matters of an artistic nature and the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance which Gottfried attributes to art within his poem.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Nature in the Novels of Theodor Fontane

contributor:
Dusen, R.L. Van
German

abstract: This study represents an analysis of the function of nature within the novels of Theodor Fontane. Nature is examined in its bearing on the form and content of individual novels, attention being given to the chronolhgical development of Fontane's work. An attempt is made to assess the significance of nature in the writer's art as a whole.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Negotiation of Individual and Community Identity: A Study of Chinese-Canadian Mortuary Material Culture in Vancouver and Victoria, 1920-1960

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis examines in early Chinese-Canadians mortuary material culture in Vancouver and Victoria during the period dating from the early 20th century until the liberalization of immigration laws in the 1960s, in order to explore changing conceptions of community identity.

Data was collected during fieldwork in Vancouver's Mountain View Cemetery in Vancouver, and in Victoria's Ross Bay and Harling Point cemeteries. This was supplemented by archival information from death and burial records. Burial place, marker style, epitaph text, and commemoration rates were documented, as a means of studying patterns of change and variability in the community identities commemorated through mortuary material culture.

Three main patterns were identified. One was of interpersonal variability, as distinct commemorative strategies were present at any time. One involved the foregrounding of commonalities among Chinese-Canadians, while the other allowed for a greater range of identities to be commemorated. The second pattern was one change, involving the gradual transformation of the standard commemorative practices engaged in by the majority group. The last pattern was one of differences in how the first two patterns developed in each city.

These patterns may be employed in the exploration of how early Chinese-Canadian identities varied and developed over time. Both local and translocal factors informed commemorative individual decisions, resulting in the development and change of commemorative traditions. Because of similarities with the dynamics of social change in a transnational context, it is believed that the study of Overseas Chinese cemeteries commemorative traditions may help to elucidate the factors involved in broader social transformations.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Use of Dialogue in the Dramas of Max Frisch.

contributor:
Schulte, H. H.
German

abstract: The gradual change in attitude to modern theatrical dialogue is outlined and an investigation of frisch's dialogue is carried out. It is established that the lack of communication manifest in the dialogue between characters on stage has as its counterpart a high level of communication between stage and audience. The means whereby this is achieved lies in the manipulation of dalogue in- and cross-stage.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Concept of the Rule of Law

contributor:
Waluchow, W.J.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
The Rule of Law is an important and prevalent concept in current legal and political discourse on both national and international levels. It is frequently used by politicians, states and the news media to criticize or commend states and governments for the legitimacy or illegitimacy of legal and political actions and decisions. However, few are on the same page when it comes to explaining just what the Rule of Law is.

The fact that people generally, politicians and academics frequently employ this concept for which no one holds the same conception is problematic. Meaningful communication cannot occur unless the participants engaged in communication understand the terms of the discussion. It is rather distressing that we continue to discuss legal and political legitimacy in terms which are vague and ambiguously defined.

If we do not want to find ourselves succumbing to pure political rhetoric, it is time to investigate and refine our understanding of this important concept. My goal in this thesis is to demonstrate that though the discourse is pervaded by disagreement and a lack of clear insight, this state of affairs is neither desirable nor inevitable. By employing some basic methodological considerations for evaluating concepts, including considerations of current and historical usage, the analysis of raw material and by engaging in careful conceptual analysis, it is possible to narrow the scope of what is meant by the term "the Rule of Law," thus enabling meaningful discourse.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Impact of Environmental Contaminants on Sperm

contributor:
Balshine, Sigal
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: Aquatic contaminants are known to negatively impact reproductive behaviour and physiology. However, the influence of chronic exposure to aquatic contaminants on gamete traits has largely been explored using species with simple mating systems. In this thesis I explored how sperm is impacted using wild caught round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) and plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus), two species that inhabit bodies of water polluted with industrial and urban contaminants, and also exhibit complex mating systems with male alternative reproductive tactics (MARTs). Species with MARTs generally have two male morphs: a guarding male morph that courts females and aggressively defends a territory, females and/or young, and a sneaking male morph that does not court females or defend a territory but instead parasitizes territories held by guarding males and simply sheds sperm within the nests. Guarding males are larger, older and remain fairly stationary in/near their nests for long periods of time are likely to have had greater exposure to contaminants compared with non-sedentary younger, smaller sneaker males that roam from nest to nest. These behavioural and physiological differences may result in differential impacts or exposure to contaminants between male mating tactics. Thus, species with MARTs living in polluted environments make excellent models to investigate interactive effects of contaminant exposure and mating strategy on gametes. Using round gobies from clean and contaminated areas of Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario I show that interactions between sites (clean versus contaminated) and male morphs (guarding versus sneaker) on testicular investment, relative sperm tail length and sperm velocity are limited. Few interactions between site and tactic suggest that guarding and sneaker male round goby sperm are equally affected by environmental factors or that both tactics are not influenced by contaminants. Both guarding and sneaker round gobies appear resilient to complex combinations of anthropogenic based pollutants. Using plainfin midshipman populations that inhabit areas close versus distant to sources of industrial and urban effluents, I show that living in contaminated areas influences gametic quality of guarding males. Guarding males from contaminated areas occupied nests with greater proportions of dead eggs, had greater testicular asymmetry and shorter sperm heads. Exploration of how these findings correlate with sperm velocity is forthcoming. Collectively my results show that extended exposure to aquatic contaminants can alter gametic characteristics but that these alterations appear to have similar effects across male mating tactics.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)