title: Synthesis and modification of TiO2 and WO3 based nanostructured materials for environmental applications

contributor:
Chen, Aicheng
Rappon, Manit
Kinrade, Stephen

subject:
Catalysis
Photocatalysis
Nanostructured materials
Tungsten oxides
Titanium dioxide
Environmental aspects

abstract:
TiO2 and WO3 based nanomaterials are highly attractive for various applications encompassing photocatalysis, electrochromic devices, dye sensitized solar cells, hydrogen production, and sensing applications due to their low cost, non-toxicity, high efficiency, chemical inertness and ability to be synthesized in various morphologies. TiO2 is the most intensely studied photocatalyst and a significant proportion of research focuses on improving its photocatalytic activity, which is innately limited due to its wide band gap and electron/hole recombination kinetics. The doping and co-doping of metals and non-metals into the crystal lattice of TiO2 have proved to reduce the band gap and decrease the rate of electron/hole recombination. This band gap reduction results in absorptive red shifting, which may be utilized for visible light-driven photocatalysis and dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Although WO3 is a very promising material that has the capacity for absorbing in the visible spectrum, it pales in comparison to TiO2 in terms of efficacy and thus there are considerable opportunities for the improvement of its activity for various applications through its modification.
During my PhD study, mesoporous N-doped and N,W co-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were initially prepared with an exclusive anatase phase and high specific surface areas, utilizing a facile, reproducible and inexpensive solution combustion synthesis method. The atomic percentage of N was kept constant, whereas that of W was varied from 0.5% to 3% in order to evaluate the effects of the amount of W on the photocatalytic activities and other properties of the materials. It was observed that the N and W atoms were well incorporated into the titania lattice structure, which led to a significant red shift in the absorption edge of the co-doped TiO2, and concordantly, a dramatic narrowing of the band gap. Photodegradation studies of rhodamine B (RhB) dye on the various samples revealed that an enhancement of up to 14 fold in the reaction rate was observed with 1.5 at% W doped TiO2 as compared with commercial Degussa P25.
To enhance the activity of the TiO2 based materials we introduced a novel UV treatment approach. The UV treated electrodes exhibited a dramatic increase in the donor density of the TiO2 nanotubes by three orders of magnitude. For the UV treated electrodes the photocurrent was enhanced 15 fold and the photoelectrochemical activity was approximately 6.8 times higher than that of the untreated TiO2 nanotubes. This novel approach was also employed with the N, W
II
co-doped mesoporous TiO2. Following the UV treatment, the photocatalytic activity of the co- doped samples was increased two-fold under UV light and a 12-fold under visible light. The increase in the activity of the TiO2 nanotubes and N, W co-doped samples may be attributed to the lowering of the band gap due to the formation of Ti3+ during the UV treatment process.
Next, WO3 platelets were grown on W substrate via a hydrothermal method. The WO3 nanoparticles prepared at 180 °C over one hour heat treatment demonstrated the best photocurrent, and as the duration of the heat treatment was increased, the photocurrent commenced to decrease. The WO3 prepared at 180 °C over three hours showed minimal photocurrent. To elucidate crystal growth kinetics, for the first time, an electrochemical reduction method was utilized, which revealed that the plate-like structures originated from an arrayed nanosphere layer that resided beneath them. Interestingly, the obtained layer of nanospherical WO3 demonstrated high photocurrent and photocatalytic activity under UV-Vis light.
To optimize the photocatalytic activity of the WO3, as well as the electrocatalytic activity of the Pt nanoparticles, so-called bifunctional electrodes were prepared. The Pt nanoparticles that were deposited on one side of the WO3 electrodes served as an electrocatalyst, while the opposite side, consisting of the WO3 platelet like structures, was employed as the photocatalyst. The results indicated that the synthesized WO3 electrodes possessed considerable activity when exposed to visible light, while the deposition of the Pt significantly enhanced the activity of the electrode. An overall enhancement in the catalytic activity was noticed for bifunctional electrodes when electrocatalyst and photocatalyst were activated together, in contrast to the case where photocatalysis and electrocatalysis were employed separately.
Moreover, the platelet WO3 surfaces were modified with Ta2O5, IrO2 and IrO2-Ta2O5 thin films for energy storage. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has articulated the utilization of IrO2-Ta2O5 as supercapacitors. Our results revealed that when Ta2O5 and IrO2 were employed concomitantly on the WO3 surface, they exhibited a synergistic effect, where the capacitance measured for this electrode was much higher than that of the Ta2O5 or IrO2 containing electrodes. These electrodes demonstrated high stability in which the 5000th charge/discharge cycle was identical to that of the initial cycle.
3
In summary, the photocatalysts and electrocatalysts developed in this PhD study exhibited high activity in the abatement of various pollutants, as well as for energy storage. Our results indicated that the performance of the catalyst was contingent, to a significant degree, on the dimensions, morphologies and electronic structures of the nanostructured materials. The solution combustion method for co-doping TiO2 and UV treatment approach, developed in this study were shown to be rapid, reproducible and easily amenable to scale-up, thus creating potential opportunities for the fabrication of high-performance TiO2 and WO3 nanomaterials in myriad beneficial environmental applications.


title: Rise of the machine: the making of the video game industry and military simulation

subject: Video game development

subject: Video game technology

subject: Interactive video game training system (IVTS)

subject: Military simulations programs

abstract: Rise of the Machine assesses the history and development of the home video game industry and its technological evolution from a military industrial structure that has its roots in the Second World War. The thesis focuses on career of Ralph H. Baer and the work conducted at Sanders Associates. Baer's innovative video game work progressed through three distinct phases of development that acted as a primary component in what would become known as the military-entertainment complex.                                               The first phase of video game development occurred from 1966-72 and resulted in the invention of the world's first home video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey. Following a brief period of commercial success, the second phase of video game development commenced from 1974-79. The second phase yielded great results in the form of Telesketch, HEC terminal, and the Cable-Mate programs that demonstrated the flexibility associated with video game technology.


title: Type A personality and heart rate perception

subject:
Heart beat
Typology (Psychology)
Personality

abstract:
The present study sought to replicate previous findings
on the discrepancy between Type A's self-reporting of stress
and their physiological arousal. An attempt was also made
to clarify whether this discrepancy was due to A's inability
to detect their heart rate changes, or simply due to their
"attentional style". Twenty-eight A's and twenty-eight B's
were selected from 200 male Introductory Psychology students
on the basis of extreme scores on the Jenkins Activity Survey
(JAS).
After a 5-minute rest period, subjects were asked to
estimate their heart rates, after which they were given
feedback. Two minutes later, they were again asked to estimate
their heart rates. The subsequent session was the
limit period where the subjects were presented with taperecorded
string of digits of increasing length until they
reached their own limit. Subjects then performed a digit
recall task twice: under instructions to concentrate hard on
the task to maximize performance or to focus on their heart
rate during the task performance. The order of these two
instructions was randomly assigned to each subject. Upon
completion of each task, the subjects estimated their heart
rates during the digit recall. They also completed the anxiety
scale from the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List
(MAACL) and a self-report questionnaire. Actual heart rate
was recorded throughout the experimental session. The results indicated that A*s manifested greater heart
rate increases than B's during the task, but no differences
were noted in their anxiety scores on the MAACL, thus,
replicating the previous reported discrepancy. Contrary to
expectation. Type A subjects were found to significantly
over-estimate their heart rates, compared to Type B's, both
at rest and during the task performance. Feedback significantly
improved Type A's accuracy of their heart rate estimation,
although attention-directing instructions had no
effect in either A's or B's. The findings of the present
study are difficult to reconcile with the suggestion that
A's do not report higher stress because they under-estimate
their level of physiological arousal.


title: Bicultural identity and alcohol abuse among aboriginal Canadians : the protective benefits of aboriginal cultural affiliation

subject:
Alcohol use
Substance abuse
Ethnic identity
Aboriginal Canadians (Substance abuse)
Thunder Bay region
Substance use and ethnic minorities

abstract: Research has revealed that poverty, unemployment, historical oppression and substance abuse have contributed to the third world status of Canadian Aboriginal Reserves. Identification with Aboriginal culture has been shown to buffer stress and prevent substance abuse. Theories of acculturation and bicultural identification indicate that cultural value conflict may prevent Aboriginal Canadians from connecting with their heritage culture. This cultural value conflict may also result in a state of dissonance that the individual will be motivated to escape by consuming alcohol.


title: Is orthorexia a security motivated eating behaviour? An examination through cognitive bias and cardiac reactivity to food

subject:
Orthorexia
Healthy eating

abstract: Orthorexia is a rigid style of eating that aims to prevent illness that is characterized by a preference for natural foods was investigated as a biologically driven trait with evolutionary roots in a precautionary system of threat avoidance. Research has shown that a precautionary state of this nature is responsive to subtle indicators of potential threat and is detectable through cardiac monitoring. Cardiac monitoring was used to infer activation of this precautionary system in response to experimentally manipulated, food-related threat. In addition to this physiological investigation of orthorexia, cognitive and behavioural aspects were also evaluated. One hundred university students were exposed to natural and nonnatural food stimuli before ranking the stimuli in order of preference. They participated in a taste test in which food preferences were of interest. They completed an implicit association test assessing the relative attitudes toward natural and nonnatural food. Finally, they completed a simulated grocery shopping task assessing food preferences and behavioural intentions. A notable result was the predictive ability of orthorexia concerning the total volume of food consumed during the taste test. Conclusions were unable to be drawn with respect to precautionary system activation due to the failure of the threat manipulation. Performance on a novel task of orthorexia-related behavioural intention was significantly predicted by orthorexic tendency. It was also demonstrated that this relationship is contingent upon a third variable, BMI. Further, it was demonstrated that the predictive relationship between orthorexic tendency and performance on this behavioural task is moderated by food preference, operationally defined in terms of both (a) the rank-ordering of the food stimuli; and (b) the relative volume of natural and nonnatural food consumed during the taste test. The obtained results can be understood in the context of the theory of planned behaviour.


title: Oral contraceptives and emotional memory

contributor:
Oinonen, Kirsten A.
Wesner, Michael
Hayman, Gordon

subject:
Hormones and cognition
Menstrual cycle
Oral contraceptives
Hormones, emotions and memory

abstract: Previous research has suggested that oral contraceptive (OC) use is associated with altered memory for an emotional story. The current study further examined the extent to which OCs influence emotional memory by examining the relative recall of positive and negative stimuli and whether memory would be altered for general information (gist) versus specific details of the emotional stimuli used. The study involved the assessment of memory for a visually presented narrated emotional story and an emotional visuospatial task in 135 participants (58 OC users, 40 nonusers, and 37 men). Short-term memory was examined and a surprise recall test was administered one week later to assess recall of positive and negative emotional information, as well as recall of gist versus detail for emotional and neutral information. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that OC users and men would have enhanced memory for gist in all emotional memory conditions compared to neutral conditions and that nonusers would show the opposite effect, showing enhanced memory for detail in all emotional memory conditions compared to neutral conditions. There was no support for these hypotheses. However, overall, OC users remembered relatively more positive than negative items (or less negative than positive items) than nonusers and men in the emotional visuospatial task. OC users also recalled fewer negatively-valenced items than did nonusers. This finding held even after controlling for group differences in negative affect. The results suggest that OCs may affect the immediate recall of emotional stimuli. These findings may provide insight into the effects of OCs on emotional memory and the emotional and cognitive side effects of OCs.


title: A survey and analysis of all books printed in England or in English abroad during the year 1597

subject:
English Literature
Early modern, 1500-1700
History and criticism
Books
History
Bibliography
Early printed books
16th Century

abstract: This thesis is based on the premise that the extant printed works of 1597 capture the flavour and temper of English life in that year. It considers all of the extant printed works from 1597 printed in England or in English abroad during that year. For the sake of convenience, the publications have been divided into the natural areas into which they seem to fall: religion, the arts, education and learning, topical works, and government and the law. These works are then examined against the fascinating and piquant background of the English Renaissance.


title: Relationship of body size to time of nesting and mate preference in the Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis)

subject:
Birds Behavior
Ring-billed gull

abstract:
The first part of this thesis investigated the relationship between time
of nesting and body size in Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis). There
were no significant differences in skeletal measurements among birds from
early, peak, post-peak, and late nesting periods. Discriminant function
analysis failed to classify individuals by overall body size into groups
defined by the periods in which they initiated nesting activities. Body
condition was significantly lower in late-breeding birds compared to those
from other nesting periods. Although there was a direct relationship between
timing of nesting and body condition, no such relationship held with body
size or individual skeletal variables.
The second part of this thesis examined the relationship between body
size and mate preference in Ring-billed Gulls. A total of 16 skeletal measurements
were taken on each bird from 108 mated pairs of gulls. Variance in skull
and bill measures was significantly lower between mates than in randomly generated
pairs. However, correlation coefficients for all single skeletal
characters between mates were low. High correlations were found between mates
in body condition and fresh weight but not in random pairs. A significant
positive correlation existed between overall body size within mated pairs but
not within random pairs.
The results indicate that Ring-billed Gulls mate assortatively on the
basis of body condition and to a lesser degree by overall body size. I
postulate, however, that this assortative mating is not the result of active
choice of similar-sized or quality mates. Ring-bill probably attempt to
obtain the best quality mate possible, but because of the presence of higher quality competitors, actually obtain mates of comparable size and quality. This
type of mate choice would appear as assortative mating in studies undertaken
after mate selection was completed.


title: Mapping recreation use patterns and forest values : a Canadian boreal forest case study / by Perrine, Lesueur.

contributor:
McIntyre, Norman
Hunt, Len
Yuan, Michael

subject:
Forests and forestry - Multiple use
Northwestern Ontario
Forests and forestry - Recreational use
Lake Superior region
Forest values
Public participation GIS

abstract:
People attribute values to the places they use for forest recreation. Such values are often difficult to access and even more difficult to incorporate in forest management and planning. As potential sources of conflict in forest management, understanding the different values attached to specific
forest places is important for resource managers. Past research has tended to focus on surveybased methods of eliciting these values and has largely neglected both their contextual nature and spatial distribution. More recently, several projects have explored a wider variety of elicitation
methods and experiment with various ways of spatially representing forest values.
Developments in Geographic Information System (CIS) technology and especially its accessibility through the World-Wide-Web have led to significant growth in the use of public participation GIS (ppGIS). This growth is occurring in both developed and developing nations where the spatial representation of physical and social attributes is central to planning issues.
Although problems still remain in terms of accessibility and ease of use, the rapid growth of this technology and its increasing success in enhancing public involvement processes in managing natural resources has assured its place in planning technology.
This study focused on understanding the nature and mapping the spatial distribution of forest values in the Boreal forest surrounding five Northwestern Ontario communities. A web-based survey was created using GIS-maps and a list of forest values to allow participants to mark
locations in the study area and indicate their associated values. The survey provided respondents with the flexibility to mark specific sites (e.g., fishing spots), linear features (e.g., rivers) and also areas (e.g., lakes). Moreover, respondents were able to choose a scale that was most appropriate
for their mapping purposes. However, due to low internet speeds in the communities, some participants encountered difficulties with loading the map and using the mapping tools. To overcome this issue, a paper version of the survey was provided. A random sample of 750 people was invited to participate in the web-survey (50%) or in the paper survey (50%). The online and paper survey response rates were respectively of 31 per cent and 21 per cent.
The survey responses were used to produce a density map showing the spatial pattern of valued places, a High Use Areas map and associated forest values within these areas. Analyses of forest values and use characteristics (i.e., activity and frequency of use) of the sites helped to
interpret the use patterns on the map. The spatial representation of the values assigned to special places in a working forest, allowed the integration of recreational values and use characteristics into forest planning at the local and regional levels. Several High Use Areas were located in specially designated management areas that recognise the importance of recreational use. The remaining High Use Areas occur along major access roads for industrial forestry which highlights the significance of forestry operations in providing access to forests to local
recreationists. The recognition of these High Use Areas and their characteristics provides important information for including recreational perspectives into forest and land use planning.
Study area : Red Rock, Nipigon, Schreiber, Terrace Bay, Marathon.  Top recreational uses are : fishing, hunting, hiking, wildlife viewing, motor-boating, canoeing, kayaking.


title: Developing understanding: pre-service elementary teachers' changing conceptions of mathematics

contributor:
Lawson, Alex
Bartley, Anthony
Rogers, Pat

subject: Reform in mathematics education

subject: Mathematical knowledge for teaching

subject: Pre-service teachers' mathematical knowledge

subject: Understanding fractions

abstract:
This descriptive case study explores how a conceptual understanding of fractions develops in pre-service elementary teachers enrolled in a reform-based, remedial mathematics skills course set at a middle school level, during their final year of an education program in a small Canadian university. I compared the learning trajectory of these adults to that of children and then developed a landscape of (re)learning fraction concepts within a constructivist-oriented environment.
Fourteen prospective teachers completed pre/posttest content exams and interviews that followed-up each of these test instruments, as well as two paired problem-solving interviews that used a modified think aloud protocol, and open ended questionnaires. All interviews were videotaped using two cameras, capturing both the participant(s) and a zoomed in view of their hands and written work. Data collection took place at four points in the school year between September and March, providing snapshots of the developmental progression of fraction understanding in the pre-service teachers over time. Analysis occurred at multiple layers: first with the individual pre-service teachers, then with three clusters of participants grouped according to their mathematical abilities, and finally with the group as a whole. The theoretical framework utilized a constructivist view of learning and a particular landscape of learning that highlights strategies, big ideas, and models.
The analysis revealed that the landscape of (re)learning fractions for adults is significantly different from that of children. Pre-service teachers moved from understanding fractions solely as procedures and worked to make sense of their fragmented knowledge around the intertwined concepts of fractions as relations, ratios, and operators. All participants demonstrated growth in their understanding of fractions; however, few participants developed a deep understanding of fractions as meaningful objects. The foundational concept of fractions as relations developed slowly over time and constrained the understanding of fractions as ratios and operators. Pre-service teachers experienced difficulties in understanding and identifying the appropriate referent unit, or fraction whole; this reflected the fragility of their understanding of fractions as relations. In order for pre-service teachers to understand fractions as meaningful objects and to shift to multiplicative thinking, modeling is a necessary but insufficient means.


title: Study of the effects of training and interruptions in training upon cardiorespiratory and anthropometric measures in collegiate wrestlers / by Philip Leonard Colyer. --

subject:
Wrestling Training.
Respiration.
Heart beat.

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis was to examine group responses to training
and interruptions in training upon cardiorespiratory and anthropometrica!
measures of collegiate wrestlers. The wrestlers (N=ll) were members of
the 1978-79 Lakehead University Wrestling Club. A repeated measures
design was used during the 18 week training period on resting heart
rate, blood pressure, pulmonary function and skinfold thickness which
were measured five times at the beginning of each month. A one way
analysis of variance was performed in an attempt to find a significant
£-ratio. In addition a Tukey Test was performed to determine during
which portion of the season significant changes occurred. The results
of this study indicated that interruptions in training, due to examinations
and Christmas holidays, did not result in a significant change in any of the measured variables. However, significant changes
(p < .05) occurred in percent body fat, resting heart rate, forced
vital capacity and percentage of predicted vital capacity during the
training program.


title: Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus

subject:
Hepatitis C
Sexual transmission

abstract:
Globally, the prevalence of HCV is estimated by the World Health Organization (2003) to
be 3% or approximately 170 million people and is anticipated to have a huge burden in future years
on those infected as well as on economic costs. Hepatitis C is the leading cause of liver
transplantation, cirrhosis and liver carcinoma throughout the world.
Objective: The purpose is to review literature sources to clarify the controversial subject of
sexual transmission of hepatitis and provide a resource tool for health care providers.
Method: A search of electronic databases from 1991 to 2009 will be done and results summarized to
display current evidence.
Findings: Of the studies summarized in the pamphlet tool the percentage of seroconversion ranged
from 0% to 6% and of those that converted a number of them had other risk factors that may have
attributed to their results.  Studies did show that there are certain conditions that
increase the risk of sexual transmission above that of the general population.


title: Best practices in HIV/AIDS programming for non-governmental organizations [research project]

subject:
HIV Infections prevention & control
HIV infections Treatment
AIDS (Disease) Prevention

abstract:
HIV/AIDS is the most devastating illness of modem day. There were thirty-three
million people living with HIV/AIDS in 2007, and there were two million AIDS deaths.
In his hook. Race Against Time, Stephen Lewis explains that there are 14 million orphan
children in sub-Saharan Africa alone and this number will be 20 million by 2010 (Lewis,
2008). HIV/AIDS also accounts for about 20% of all deaths and disability-adjusted life years lost in Africa, which makes it the biggest single component of the continent’s
disease burden (Creese, Floyd, Alban and Guinness, 2002).
This paper is to serve as a resource to Non-Governmental Organizations working
in the field of HIV/AIDS. It will begin with a background to the Pandemic, and then
discuss Best Practices in the Field by drawing on current successful non-governmental
organizations. It will also discuss solutions and approaches at the macro, meso and micro
levels.


title: The petrology, mineralization and regional context of the Thunder mafic to ultramafic intrusion, Midcontinent Rift, Thunder Bay, Ontario

subject:
Thunder mafic to ultramafic intrusion
Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent Rift
Keweenawan Supergroup
Midcontinent Rift Intrusive Supersuite
Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization
Thunder intrusion and vicinity
Whole rock geochemistry

abstract:
The 1108 Ma Thunder mafic to ultramafic intrusion is a small, 800 x 100 x 500 m, Cu- PGE (platinum group element) mineralized body, located on the outskirts of Thunder Bay, Ontario, and associated with the early magmatic stages of the Midcontinent Rift (MCR) based on geochemical similarities to mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Nipigon Embayment and an unpublished 207Pb/206Pb zircon age of 1108.0 ± 1.0 Ma. The Thunder intrusion is similar to the other known mineralized early-rift MCR intrusions; however, it is the only known occurrence hosted by the metavolcanic and metasedimentary assemblages of the Archean Shebandowan greenstone belt. Major textural and geochemical differences can be used to subdivide the intrusion into a lower mafic to ultramafic basal unit and an upper gabbroic unit; the similar trace and rare earth element ratios of the two units suggest a single magmatic pulse that has undergone subsequent fractional crystallization and related cumulate phase layering. The estimated parental composition of the Thunder intrusion has a mg# (MgO/(MgO + 0.9*FeOT)) of 57 which represents a more evolved magma than other early-rift mafic to ultramafic intrusions. This may indicate the involvement of multiple staging chambers during the accent of the parent magma.
Trace and rare earth element patterns are consistent with an ocean island basalt source but with indications of contamination such as high Th concentrations and the presence of a negative Nb anomaly. The ԐNdT values from the intrusion range between - 0.7 and + 1.0, with no trends indicative of wall rock participation, whereas the 87Sr/86Sri ratios range from 0.70288 to 0.70611 and trend towards wall rock values of 0.70712 and 0.70873. The weak correlation between ԐNdT and 87Sr/86Sri is also a feature of the Nipigon Sills where it has been interpreted to be due to shallow-level crustal contamination whereas plots of MgO and SiO2 versus ԐNdT indicate contamination at depth by an older crustal source. Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide mineralization (20 m of 0.22 wt. % Cu, 0.06 wt. % Ni, 0.25 ppm Pt and 0.29 ppm Pd) is hosted by feldspathic peridotite in the lower mafic to ultramafic unit adjacent to the footwall of the Thunder intrusion. Sulphides typically occur from 1 - 5 modal %, rarely up to 30 modal %, with textures ranging from medium- to fine-grained disseminated, globular and rarely net-textured. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and rare pentlandite with common secondary marcasite-pyrite replacement occur along with trace michenerite, kotulskite, merenskyite, sperrylite, hessite, electrum and argentian pentlandite. Whole rock geochemical data displays fractionated Ni-Cu-PGE patterns with depletion of iridium-platinum group elements (IPGE) relative to platinum-platinum group elements (PPGE).
Sulphide δ34S values from the Thunder intrusion range from -2.0 to +3.8 ‰ and are similar to values for the metavolcanic host rock that range from -3.1 to +2.3 ‰. Two samples from the basal mineralization zone sulphides yield Δ33S values of 0.066 and 0.122 ‰ and one sample from the metavolcanic wall rock yields 0.149 ‰. The δ34S and Δ33S values for the Thunder intrusion fall within range of typical upper mantle. The sulphur source appears to be of mantle origin, however, the assimilation of crustal sulphur is a possibility but hard to distinguish as the wall rock S isotope and S/SeT signature is similar to that of upper mantle.


title: The Apple : an autoethnography of experiences in education

subject: Native peoples (Education Social aspects)

subject: Group identity

subject: Native peoples (Ethnic identity)

abstract:
This autoethnography focuses on my educational experiences from kindergarten
through post-secondary. I look at what was and continues to be my journey. I conclude
with an examination of the meaning I attribute to being called an Apple and at times
being considered an outsider. What I have attempted to accomplish through
autoethnography is to bring these experiences to light. I have revealed both the positive
and negative experiences in my educational journey, but most importantly, I have
discovered the joy of knowing who I am today. Enjoy.


title: Chinese students' later-year experiences in Canadian universities / by Shimei Zang.

contributor:
Korteweg, Lisa
Agbo, Seth
O'Meara, John

subject: Chinese students - Education (Higher) - Canada.

subject: Chinese students - Canada - Attitudes.

abstract:
The mosaic of Canadian university campuses is changing to reflect the presence of more and more minority students, including both Chinese international and immigrant students. This qualitative study explored what Chinese students have experienced in their later-year Canadian university studies and how their Canadian educational experiences have made an impact on them. Four major themes emerged from the analysis of the data: (1) perspectives from a later-year point of view; (2) expectations and outcomes; (3) students' perceived contributions to Canadian higher education and society; and lastly, (4) their suggestions for Canadian professors, future Chinese students, and university staff. One significant finding of the students' accounts was that participants' later-year academic experience was even more stressful than the first year.  The reasons included the pedagogical contrast between the Asian
and Canadian educators; the demand for higher levels of independent thinking abilities and self-motivation to learn; and other career related worries upon graduation. Another original finding from this study was that the participants attributed their hardships in adjusting to Western university pedagogies to a lack of exposure to, and familiarity with Canadian university teaching and learning pedagogies rather than an inability to adjust their learning.
It is worth noting that all twelve participants agreed that they began to know more about Canadian society and Canadians, and became more integrated into Canadian culture from the second year on. The finding from this study demonstrates that through more contact with the
host culture in their later-year stage of studies, most participants forge a more integrated relationship with the host culture.
Chinese student-participants in this study achieved more than they expected from their Canadian university education. They not only obtained their desired higher education degree, recognized by North American universities, the majority of the student-participants tended to view their Canadian university experience as a precious opportunity to enhance their
independent thinking abilities, confidence, and self-awareness, which helped broaden their future outlooks and better guide their future decisions. All the participants stated that their experiences in the Canadian university transformed their life in a significant way.
Given the participants’ accounts o f their Canadian university learning experiences, implications for Canadian universities, educators, and administrators are included in the study, in the hope that they will help inform universities’ future decisions about facilitating programs,
teaching, and administrative services to provide more effective and competitive Canadian higher education.


title: A Comparison of beaver foraging behaviour in two national parks

contributor:
McLaren, Brian
Windels, Steve
Belant, Jerrold
Morris, Douglas

subject:
American beaver
Food
Newfoundland & Labrador
Terra Nova National Park
Minnesota
Voyageurs National Park

abstract: Strategies adopted by foraging herbivores are influenced by the availability of resources. Beavers (Castor canadensis) are important ecosystem engineers, having the ability to modify the landscape through the consumption of selected resources. Predictions of central place foraging theory are that fewer food items are taken and that increased selection takes place by species and by size of food items at greater distances from the central place. These predictions were tested in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota and Terra Nova National Park, Newfoundland. Cut and uncut trees were monitored during May-December, 2008 along transects surrounding 15 inland beaver ponds. Beavers selected fewer stems, larger diameter stems, and fewer different forage categories with increasing distance from ponds at both parks. The history and present state of vegetation communities are important to understanding beaver foraging and the overall role that beavers continue to have in boreal mixed-wood forest communities.


title: Properties Of Fire-Salvaged Woody Biomass In Northern Ontario And Potential Utilization

subject:
Salvage logging
Biomass
Biofuel
Bioenergy
Forest fires
Downed woody debris

abstract:
Due to the suppression of forest fires and lack of implementation of
management tools such as prescribed burning, there has been a change in the
fire regime of Northern Ontario. This has led to larger, more intense fires which
are further influenced by climate change. There has been interest in recent
years into the potential to utilize salvaged wood from such fires, especially for
biomass because of the dryness of the wood. However, there is need for more
information on the properties of salvaged wood as it relates to fire intensity, and
time since fire. Downed woody debris also provides habitat for insects and other
wildlife, so it is important to understand what negative affects there may be from
harvesting this resource. In this study, samples of Northern Ontario tree species
were taken from stems with varying levels of burn and insect damage to
determine their moisture content, calorific qualities, and other general properties.
Sample plots from the locations where the samples were collected were taken to
provide information on estimated total volume based on fire intensity and pre-fire
stocking. The sample plots also provided information on the presence (or lack
of) of wildlife, specifically feeding excavations made by woodpeckers in burned
stems. The results of this study concluded that salvaged wood from forest fires
in the Boreal have properties which are advantageous in their use as biomass,
however more information is needed on utilizing this resource without causing
negative effects to wildlife habitat.


title: Evolutive fracture behavior of cemented paste backfill

subject:
Underground mining
Mining waste
Cement Paste Backfill (CPB)
Cement hydration
Fracture toughness

abstract:
Underground mining is a key global industry that produces many of the mineral resources needed
by several sectors of the economy. However, underground mining extracts large volumes of
material from below the ground, which not only creates substantial subsurface voids, bult also
produces high volumes of solid waste. Consequently, the potentially catastrophic failure of
underground openings and environmental issues such as acid mine drainage has attracted
increasing attention. To ensure the safety of mining workers and equipment and sustainably reuse
the mine waste materials, cemented paste backfill (CPB, an engineered mixture of tailings,
hydraulic binder, and water) technology has been widely adopted in underground mines around
the world. Since CPB materials are used as the key ground support measure, the mechanical
behaviors and properties play crucial roles in the safe design of CPB under complex field loading
conditions. As a type of cementitious materials, the failure process is governed by the development
of tensile and shear crack in CPB matrix under various loading conditions. Meanwhile, due to the
progression of cement hydration, CPB materials also demonstrate curing time-dependent evolution
of mechanical behaviors and properties. Moreover, a considerable amount of water is utilized to
prepare the CPB paste and thus affects the particle interaction and cement hydration. Therefore, it
is of theoretical and practical importance to investigate the effect of mix recipe and hydraulic
factors on the evolutive fracture behavior and properties of CPB under mode-I (i.e., tensile stress),
mode-II (in-plane shear stress), and mode-III (out-of-plane shear stress) loading conditions at
different curing times. However, previous studies focus mainly on the conventional geomechanical
behaviors, including compressive, tensile, and shear behaviors, of CPB. [...]


title: Stable isotope (N,O,H) geochemistry, petrology and compositions of biotite of the Musselwhite Mine, Ontario : implications for mineralisation

subject:
Biotite
Geochemistry
Northwestern Ontario
Gold ores
Musselwhite Mine

abstract: Musselwhite mine is located 480 km. north of Thunder Bay, Northwestern Ontario on the southern shores of Opapimiskan Lake in the North Caribou Lake greenstone belt.  It is classified as an orogenic gold deposit.


Causes and conditions of Greek temporary emigration to West Germany in the 1956-1976 period and its contributions to the Greek economy / by Christos Ph. Salamanis. --


title: Study of heteroaromatic enediyne and substituted benzothiophene synthesis with relative reactivity of substituted aryl iodides in the Sonogashira reaction

subject:
Heterocyclic chemistry
Iodides reactivity
Enediynes reactivity
Cycloaromatization
Cyclization of enediynes

abstract:
Enediyne compounds have captured the imagination of chemists since their
discovery as a class of natural products. Because of their cytotoxicity, these compounds
are not suitable for use in cancer treatment. As a result, chemists have aimed to reduce
their toxicity, improve stability and elucidate the mechanism of their cyclization reaction.
The Sonogashira coupling reaction is used to synthesize a number of heteroaromatic
enediynes and has been examined. By coupling a number of alkynes with 2,3-
dibromothiphene a number of corresponding disubstituted enediynes were produced. In
order to get fused bicyclic heteroaromatic products both thermal and photochemical
Bergman cyclizations have been performed with these enediynes. To date, the attempted
cyclizations have not been successful.
Beside this, a series of competitive reactions was carried out to determine the
relative reactivity of substituted aryl iodides in the Sonogashira reactions. These reactions
were carried out in co-catalyst system composed of Pd/Cul. The competitive reactions
between iodobenzene and a number of 3- and 4-substituted iodobenzenes provided
relative rates which were compared to the theoretical electron densities of the iodidebearing
carbon. Generally, electron withdrawing substituents in the para- and metapositions
increased the reactivity, while donating substituents decreased the rate of
reaction. It was found that resonance effects have a greater effect on reactivity than
inductive effects.


title: The life cycle of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 variants and its effects on the innate immune system of host keratinocytes

contributor:
Zehbe, Ingeborg
Malek, Ladislav
Qin, Wensheng

subject:
Human papillomavirus
Host keratinocytes
Host cells
Host immune response
Host cell transformation
HPV16

abstract: Persistent infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is the primary aetiological agent for cervical cancer. Viral particles initiate their life cycle by infecting basal keratinocytes of epithelium and amplifying their genome. Viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 are responsible for causing host cells to proliferate, disrupting the regular differentiation regimen. Infections are typically cleared by a host immune response, but HPV16 is capable of persisting, increasing the chance of genomic integration and host cell transformation. It is thought that HPV16 can evade the innate immune response by down-regulating important molecules such as toll-like-receptors (TLRs): normally responsible for recognizing viral infection and activating immune-response genes by a signal transduction cascade. Epidemiological studies show natural E6 variants, Asian-American (AA) and L83V, are found more often than the prototype in invasive cervical cancers. Increased oncogenic potential for AA and L83V E6 genes has been confirmed by recent studies, but the role of the viral life cycle remains uncertain for each variant. The effects of an active viral life cycle on innate immunity were tested by first establishing an organotypic tissue culture model for mimicking HPV-infected epithelium. This model was phenotypically verified by morphology and immunohistochemistry for HPV16 L2 capsid protein, proliferation marker BrdU, and differentiation markers K5 and K10. Expression analysis for viral and innate immune genes was performed using RT-qPCR. Significantly, TLR3 and IFN-κ were down-regulated in AA and L83V variants compared to prototype HPV16, indicating a variant-specific viral life cycle effect on host innate immune defence. Future high-throughput analyses, such as microarray or RNA-sequencing, can be used for global expression profiling.


title: Native student traditional tribal values and secondary school retention

contributor:
Courtland, Mary Clare
Neil, Roger

subject: High school dropouts

subject: Indians of North America Education (Secondary) Ontario

abstract:
This qualitative study examined the relationship between Native student
traditional tribal values and beliefs and the secondary school retention of seven
Amerindian secondary school graduates. It is a departure from previous studies on
retention in that it has taken a positive rather than a deficit or cultural discontinuity
perspective to the problem. Several key constructs emerged as essential to understanding
the successful retention of these Amerindian secondary school students: family life,
strategies for coping, life experiences, academic experiences, relevancy in programming,
traditional tribal values and beliefs, and Aboriginal epistemology. Respondents’
previous family and life experiences contributed to the development of strong positive
identities which empowered them to harmonize and balance two cultures. Respondents
had developed positive relations with at least one teacher. These positive relations
compensated for other experiences where content was emphasized. A positive rapport
between teacher and student and holistic or learner-centred teaching methods appear to
have contributed to the success of some of these Amerindian students. Epistemology was
an intricate part of the fabric of the Native learning experience for three of the
respondents (ie, dreams, lifepath, nature). The findings suggest that key stakeholders
such as the family, Native agencies and organizations, the community, and educational
systems have responsibilities in promoting the successful retention of Amerindian
secondary school students. Further ethnographic and phenomenological studies are
recommended to explore and describe those factors and processes which contribute to the
successful retention of the Amerindian student.


title: Synthesis of 3-substituted furans and thiophenes

subject:
Thiophene Synthesis
Furans Synthesis


title: Theory of mind and behaviour disorder in children with specific language impairment / by Alana M. Holmes.

subject: Philosophy of mind

subject: Specific language impairment in children

subject: Behavior disorders in children

subject: Theory of mind (ToM)

abstract:
The assertion that children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) do not experience delays in the development of a theory of mind (ToM) has been made by numerous researchers (Eisenmajer & Prior, 1991; Leslie & Frith, 1988; Pemer, Frith, Leslie, & Leekam, 1989; Peterson & Siegal,
1997). Such claims are premised solely upon the results of two studies (Leslie & Frith, 1988; Pemer et al., 1989), both of which suffer from design weaknesses. The present study redressed the weaknesses of past research by administering a broad battery of ToM tasks to appropriately
aged children and a measure of language ability beyond that of simple vocabulary. The study extended past research and examined the role of working memory and siblings on the ToM performance of SLI children. The relationship between ToM ability and language ability as a means to understanding the elevated incidence rate of behavioural disorder in SLI children was also explored. Forty nine normally developing and 43 SLI children ranging in age from 4- to 7-years completed first- and second-order ToM tasks, the Information subtest from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, and the Linguistic Concepts subtest from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals test. Subjects’ parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist. Results clearly indicated a delay in SLI children’s acquisition of ToM. Their performance deficit extended a the nonverbal ToM task and suggests that language has a role to play both in the conceptualization and expression of ToM understanding. Working memory predicted ToM performance for SLI children but not that of their peers while number of siblings was not correlated with any ToM measure. Behavioural symptomology as rated by parents clustered around the normative mean and did not differentiate groups. The importance of language ability and processing capacity are discussed in relation to children’s ability to understand other minds.


title: Potential of modeling to predict the re-establishment of bat populations affected by white-nose syndrome in northwestern Ontario

contributor:
Luckai, Nancy
Rosenthal, Julie

subject: Little brown bat

subject: Pseudogymnoascus destructans

subject: White-nose syndrome

subject: Ontario bats

subject: Bat populations (recovery and re-establishment)

abstract:
Since the first confirmed case in North America in 2007, white nose syndrome
caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans has decimated bat populations in the
northeastern US and eastern Canada. Ontario is home to eight species of bat, with four
of these being labeled as Endangered, either provincially or federally. Afflicted
individuals transmit the fungus through physical contact in roosts or during swarming
events. Presence of the host is not required for the fungus to persist in suitable
environments such the cool, moist locations chosen as hibernacula. Recently, modeling
has been used to better understand this disease and the effects it has on bat
populations. Two research questions formed the focus of this thesis: What is the
potential of modeling to predict the re-establishment of bat populations in northwestern
Ontario? and What information is needed to support a modeling effort?
Current literature was reviewed and five papers that employed the use of models
were selected. Papers were compared on the basis of goals, scenarios, outcomes and
data used. It was determined that modeling could be useful in the context of
northwestern Ontario and that data on bat physiology and hibernacula conditions were
the most essential.


title: Activity of liposomal taxol against breast cancer cells / by Melanie Heney.

contributor:
Suntres, Zacharias
Vergidis, Dimitrios
Th'ng, John
Law, David
Malek, Ladislav

subject:
Paclitaxel
Breast cancer research
Liposomes

abstract:
Taxol (paclitaxel) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of multiple cancers, including breast, ovarian, and, non-small-cell lung cancer. However, development of taxol resistance with prolonged use is common, requiring the use of the chemotherapeutic agent in combination with other treatments. In addition to the development of resistance, taxol is difficult to administer due to its high lipophilicity, and it requires solubilization with Cremophor EL (polyethoxylated castor oil) and ethanol, which often lead to adverse side-effects, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. Incorporation of taxol in DPPC:DMPG (dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine: dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol) liposomes may not only eliminate the adverse reactions associated with the Cremophor EL vehicle, but also decrease other toxicities that arise from the drug's action in non-targeted tissues.  Moreover, liposomally-encapsulated taxol might have the potential to overcome resistance by facilitating the cellular delivery of taxol at the site of action. Liposomes have been shown to be very effective in the delivery of other chemotherapeutic agents, such as adriamycin. This project deals with the use of liposomes as a novel delivery method for taxol. The
effectiveness of liposomally-encapsulated taxol, as well as its ability to overcome taxolresistance, was tested on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells. It was also tested for its ability to overcome taxol-resistance in two taxol-resistant MCF-7 cell
lines. The results of our studies demonstrated the following: i) the lipid components of the liposomal formulation were non-toxic; ii) the liposomally-encapsulated taxol was more effective than conventional taxol in increasing the susceptibility of MCF-7 and taxol-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells as well as A549 lung cancer cells to taxol (as determined by MTT cytotoxicity assays, DNA laddering, flow cytometry, and determination of mitotic indexes); and, iii) the improved effectiveness of taxol delivered as a liposomal formulation was associated with higher intracellular levels of the
chemotherapeutic agent in cancer cells (determined by Ultra-Performance Liquid chromatographic technique). The results of these studies indicate that liposomes may be potentially used as a novel method for the delivery of taxol in cancer chemotherapy.


title: The effectiveness of a group-based tutorial direct instruction program for long-term foster care children: a randomized controlled trial

contributor:
Schmidt, Fred
Mazmanian, Dwight
Flynn, R.

subject:
Foster care children
Academic needs of foster children
Mental health needs of foster children
Long term outcomes for foster children

abstract: Children in foster care are frequently behind in educational achievement (Flynn, Ghzal, Legault, Vandermeulen, & Petrick, 2004) and perform below grade level (Trout, Hagaman, Casey, Reid, & Epstein, 2008 for a review). Vacca (2008) found that children in foster care perform seven to eight percentile points lower in achievement test scores when compared to children in the general population. Furthermore, research has shown that youth in out-of-home care are more likely to drop out of school, and are three times more likely to be suspended due to problem behaviours, which affect academic performance and attainment (Zima et al., 2000). For the long term success of these children, efforts at successful academic remediation are critical. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a direct instruction literacy and math program (“Teach Your Children Well”; TYCW) in a small group format to educationally disadvantaged children in foster care. Across the two years of the study, 101 children in long-term foster care, between grades 1 and 8 inclusive, participated in this randomized control trial intervention. One-half were randomly assigned to the 30-week experimental TYCW condition, while the other half served as waitlist controls. Children were assessed at baseline and post-intervention on word reading, spelling, sentence comprehension, and mathematic skills using an academic measure of functioning, the Wide Range Achievement Test Forth Edition (WRAT4). In addition, children were assessed at baseline and post-intervention across teacher rated academic performance in the classroom using the Academic Competence Evaluation Scale (ACES).


title: Gambling attitudes associated with problem gambling : the cohort effect of baby boomers

contributor:
Mazmanian, Dwight
Mushquash, Christopher
Klein, Rupert

subject:
Compulsive gambling
Gambling, Public opinion of

abstract: The current study sought to examine the effects of gambling attitudes and beliefs on problem gambling behaviour across three cohorts, namely Generation X, Baby Boomers, and the Silent Generation. Individuals from Northern and Southern Ontario completed either an online or paper version of a questionnaire that included the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) and South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) to measure problem gambling, the Gambling Attitudes Scales (GAS) to measure gambling attitudes, and the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (GABS), Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire (GBQ), and Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS) to measure gambling beliefs. A sample of 308 participants consisted of 101 individuals from Generation X, 139 from the Baby Boom cohort, and 68 from the Silent Generation. Analyses focused on differences between Baby Boomers and their surrounding  cohorts, but especially on differences between the older two cohorts. For Baby Boomers, higher scores on the GBQ Luck/Perseverance scale and GRCS Illusion of Control scale were associated with higher levels of problem gambling than the Silent Generation. However, Generation X’s scores on GBQ Luck/Perseverance were associated with higher levels of problem gambling than the Baby Boom cohort. Furthermore, higher levels of the Perceived Inability to Stop Gambling variable on the GRCS was more associated with problem gambling status in the Baby Boom cohort than the Silent Generation. Attitudes associated with problem gambling were not found  to differ among cohorts. These results suggest that while cohorts may not differ in types or levels of distorted beliefs, they differ in how such distortions relate to problem gambling. Therefore, according to our results, Baby Boomers who have distortions about luck or illusions of control over gambling have higher levels of problem gambling than those with similar  distortions from the Silent Generation


title: Everyday ethics in case management : experiences of moral distress by professionals in a community health care setting / by Kristen Dawn Jessiman.

contributor:
Kotalik, Jaro
Knutson, Glenna

subject: Community health nursing - Psychological aspects

subject: Nursing ethics

subject: Community health nursing - Moral and ethical aspects

abstract:
Academic research has recognized and explored ethical issues and experiences of moral distress in acute care settings for many years now. The same cannot be said for ethical issues in the community care setting. Perhaps more than ever, as treatments and care are shifted out of institutions and into the home, today’s health care professionals face unique and difficult ethical issues. The purpose of this study was to examine
experiences of moral distress related to everyday ethical issues by analyzing data collected from a cohort of professional case managers working in a community health care setting in northern Ontario, Canada. The objectives of the study were to investigate the nature of ethical issues in the community health care setting; explore experiences of everyday ethical issues and moral distress; identify barriers to ethical practice and
evaluate the available resources.
Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered using an original, selfadministered questionnaire developed by the researcher. This questionnaire was distributed to case managers employed at North West (Thunder Bay and region) and North East (Sudbury and region) Community Care Access Centres. The response rate to the questionnaire was 31%, representing 66 participants from a pool of 215 potential participants. The results showed that everyday ethical issues were prevalent in this professional setting, often encountered on a weekly basis. Participants described a moderate to high level of confidence to identify, address, and resolve everyday ethical issues in their practice. Ethical issues were described as a combination of the theoretical categories of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, therefore representing
complex, multi-factorial scenarios.
Experiences of moral distress were described as occurring with moderate to high frequency and intensity, most commonly expressed with emotional symptoms. The most influential coping strategies were identified as ‘talking to colleagues’ and utilizing ‘supportive leaders’. Barriers to ethical practice included the lack of resources, restrictions based on policy and regulations, and issues related to conflict and communication. Experiences of moral distress were closely related to a lack of resources and time constraints.
Recommendations for further research include the need to identify interventions to increase ethical competence and to provide opportunities to encourage healing from experiences of moral distress. The researcher recommends that community agencies adopt strategies which foster opportunities to identify and discuss experiences of everyday ethical issues and moral distress. Avenues which may increase capacity for ethical competence may include; formal educational opportunities; agency commitment to the ongoing development of an active ethics committee; informal collaboration among colleagues, supervisors, and organizational leaders; and attention to maintaining or improving the work environment to encourage successful coping, enhanced confidence and empowerment. While issues of increased workload, lack of time, and inadequate
resources are unlikely to ever be resolved in the near future, opportunities to problem solve and share strategies provide much needed support for health care professionals working in the community care setting. Further studies using qualitative methodologies of storytelling and reflection will provide further insight into experiences of moral distress and its unique manifestation in the community care setting in northern Ontario.
Study area : Northwestern Ontario (Thunder Bay region) and Northeastern Ontario (Sudbury region).


title: Robust and adaptive control via backstepping technique

contributor:
Liu, Xiaoping
Tayebi, Abdelhamid

subject:
Robust control
Nonlinear control theory
Adaptive control systems

abstract:
Most of the control systems are designed using linear techniques, which have been
well developed. Practical physical systems are typically nonlinear. Nonlinear control
is one of the biggest challenges in modern control theory. Nonlinear processes are
difficult to control because there can be so many variations of the nonlinear behavior.
One of the main recursive procedures to design a nonlinear controller is the backstepping.
Adaptive backstepping achieved global stabilization in the presence of unknown
parameters and robust backstepping achieved it in the presence of disturbances.
The ease with which backstepping incorporated uncertainties and unknown
parameters, contributed to its instant popularity and rapid acceptance. The backstepping
provides a powerful design tool for nonlinear systems in the lower triangular
form.
The first part of the thesis is to explain backstepping technique for third order
nonlinear systems. Robust backstepping technique for a system with bounded uncertainties
and adaptive backstepping technique for a system with linear unknown
parameters are illustrated and simulated.
The second part of the thesis is to apply the adaptive backstepping and robust
backstepping technique to a 2-DOF (degree of freedom) planar manipulator. Experimental
and simulation results are obtained and compared with linear (PD) controller
and nonlinear controller (Lyapunov based algorithm).


title: Participatory approach to community-based curriculum development for the Living With Elephants outreach program in Botswana

contributor:
Russell, Connie
Quinn, Michael
Courtland, Mary Clare

subject: Human-elephant conflicts in Botswana

subject: Human-elephant relationships

subject: Endangered species (Africa, study and teaching)

subject: Community-based natural resource management in Botswana

abstract:
There are increasing conflicts arising between humans and elephants throughout Africa
and Asia. The Republic of Botswana, which has one of the world’s largest elephant
populations, is no exception. One strategy for improving relations between humans and
elephants may be participatory and community-based environmental education
initiatives. Thus the goal of my project was to work with the non-governmental
organization “Living With Elephants Foundation” (LWE) and local Batswanan
communities to apply participatory research methods to the collaborative development of
an elephant educational outreach program in Botswana. This study describes the process
and the results of efforts to collaboratively develop, test and modify educational
programming that aimed to contribute to a sustainable relationship between people and
elephants. The study had three phases. Phase I involved reviewing academic and nongovernmental
organization literature and determining needs of the elephants and people
of Botswana through conducting key informant interviews and focus group discussions.
Phase II began with an analysis of the initial emergent themes in the data collected in the
previous phase in order to develop the goal and objectives and the first draft of the LWE
Education Outreach Program. Phase II also involved an evaluation of this version of the
program, and was based on student, teacher and community feedback, and the collection
of drawings from Botswana students participating in the LWE outreach program. This
phase created a space for further revisions, development of follow-up activities, and
identification of further needs. Phase III occurred in Canada where I reviewed all the
data collected, conducted further analysis as needed and wrote the thesis. This thesis was
shared with LWE and a summary will be provided to all interested stakeholders.


title: Cutting grass : the uncertainty of coming of age in the post-Fordist era

subject: School-to-work transition

subject: College students Employment Social aspects

subject: College students Employment

abstract: An ethnographic description and analysis of a small group of young adult males (Kingston, Ontario) trying to make the transition from employment as a youth into the adult world of work. Discussion of the interrelationships between economic changes, the changing class structure, and masculinity.--Intro.


title: Effect of biofilm and the role of rpoS on the survival of a p-Nitrophenol-degrading Pseudomonas putida / by Miranda Maki.

contributor:
Leung, Kam Tin
Schraft, Heidi
Law, David

subject:
Biofilms
Nitrophenols - Biodegradation
Pseudomonas

abstract:
Pseudomonas putida is a Gram negative bacterium that can be found naturally in the environment as planktonic free-living cells, or in concert with other bacterial species in biofilms. In this study, the P. putida strain has the ability to degrade p -nitrophenol (PNP), a moderately toxic organic pollutant found world-wide. Both the survivability and PNP degradative abilities of planktonic and biofilm P. putida cells were compared in buffer and river water samples containing varying concentrations of PNP. The P. putida biofilm cells showed higher survival rate in both the buffer and river water samples compared to the planktonic P. putida cells. In the buffer experiment, P. putida planktonic cell density decreased from 8.25 to 5.7 and 5.0 log (CFU/mL) after 17 days treatment with 3000 and 4000 μM PNP. However, P. putida biofilm cells in the buffer system had a decrease in cell density from 10.2 to 8.7 and 9.0 log (CFU/g glass wool) after 17 days treatment with 3000 and 4000 μM PNP, respectively. The survival fraction revealed that biofilm cells had a 100-fold greater survival compared to planktonic cells at 3000 μM and 4000 μM PNP by day 17. In the river water system at 3000 and 4000 μM PNP, the planktonic cell density decreased from 9.4 to 3.0 log (MPN/mL) and biofilm cell density decreased from 10.3 to 9.5 and 10 log (MPN/g glass wool), respectively, after 17 days treatment. Survival fractions of the bacteria in the river water system revealed that biofilm cells survived 350- and 450-fold greater than planktonic cells at 3000 and 4000 μM PNP, respectively.  Monitoring PNP degradation in the buffer system, revealed that the P. putida planktonic cells degraded 1500 μM PNP completely, degraded 2600 μM PNP by 50% and 3000 μM PNP by 40% and did not degrade 4000 μM PNP within 18 days. The biofilm cells in the buffer completely degraded 1500 and 2600 μM PNP, degraded 3000 μM PNP by 55%, and did not degrade 4000 μM PNP, in 18 days. In the
river water system, the P. putida planktonic cells did not degrade any PNP. By contrast, the P. putida biofilm cells in the river water were found to completely degrade 1500 μM PNP in 9 days. It was observed that high concentrations of PNP inflicted injury to cells located on the surface of biofilms while cells in the interior of biofilms remained viable.  The P. putida biofilms were able to survive in and degrade PNP better than planktonic
cells, and these findings indicate potential improvement of bioremediation using biofilm cells.
The expression of the stationary phase sigma factor gene (rpoS) and biofilm
formation are important bacterial stress-survival strategies. To further explore the relationship between these two factors, the survival and competitiveness of the PNP-degrading P. putida strain as well as its rpoS mutant were examined in both planktonic and biofilm phases. To distinguish wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) strains in mixed samples, they were labeled with a red fluorescent protein-gentamycin resistant and a
green fluorescent protein-gentamycin resistant gene cassette via a Tn7 transposon system, respectively. In single cultures, the KO-gfp biofilm featured a greater than 4-fold increase in biovolume than the WT-rfp. However, mixed biofilm biovolume revealed that KO-gfp was reduced by 75.6% compared to the single culture KO -gfp biofilm biovolume, suggesting that the WT-rfp suppressed KO-gfp biofilm formation.  Competitiveness studies showed that carbon-starved planktonic WT-rfp single cultures
achieved a 3.5-fold greater survival rate in 0.85% saline than their KO-gfp counterparts, and out-competed them by more than 13-fold in mixed culture samples. Conversely, there were no significant survival differences between the KO-gfp and WT-rfp strains in biofilm samples. Finally, differences in cellular cohesiveness were evident, after 60 min washing with 0.2% SDS resulted in 32 and 89% cells detached from the KO and WT samples, respectively. These results indicate that although the KO produced more
biofilm than the WT, it may in fact not confer an advantage in survival because the KO biofilm has a lower percentage of surviving cells and cannot readily detach to colonize new habitats. Overall, these findings provide new perspectives towards a more complete understanding of the role of rpoS in biofilm formation.


title: Integrated solar electrokinetic remediation of soil contaminated with copper

subject:
Electrokinetic remediation
Electroosmosis
Electromigration
Electrolysis reactions
homogeneous and heterogeneous soils
Solar cells
Two Anode Technique

abstract:
Electrokinetic remediation is an emerging in-situ technology for cleaning contaminated soil. The contaminants are mobilized by passing a low-level direct current between a row of positively charged electrodes (anode) and negatively charged electrodes (cathode). Due to the low electric current required by the technology, solar power can be an excellent option for
providing the electric field. Along with the environmental benefits of solar power, solar cells can provide electricity in remote sites with no access to power lines. The electrolysis reactions in electrokinetic process generate an acid front at the anode and a base front near the cathode. The acid front travels by electroosmosis and electromigration towards the cathode, while the base front moves by electromigration to the anode. The base front reacts with the cations in the soil pore fluid causing premature precipitation of the cations as heavy metal hydroxides at a distance from the cathode equal 0.3 to 0.5 times the distance between the electrodes.


Some day they must unite : the amalgamation of Fort William and Port Arthur / by David Edward Achtenberg.


title: The effect of vertical internals on the hydrodynamics and phase dispersions in bubble columns: CFD simulation and population balance model

contributor:
Pakzad, Leila
Fatehi, Pedram
Tarokh, Ali

subject:
Bubble column
Vertical internals
Population balance model
Gas dispersion
Liquid mixing

abstract: Vertical internals are widely installed in the bubble columns as heat exchangers or illuminating tubes. This research aims to investigate the effect of dense vertical internals (rods) on the performance of bubble columns. The Eulerian-Eulerian model coupled with the population balance model was used to develop the CFD simulation. The effect of interfacial forces on the results was studied by applying different models. The results indicated that just by choosing the appropriate interfacial forces, the numerical model agrees well with the experimental data. A sharper gas holdup, a stronger gas velocity gradient, and a more intense liquid recirculation were observed as important impacts of the internals. Moreover, three circular internals’ arrangements were considered to study the effect of wall and core clearance distances on the bubble column hydrodynamics. The results revealed that by increasing the wall clearance distance, flatter gas holdup and velocity distributions could be achieved. Furthermore, the capability of the population balance model in the prediction of the bubble size distribution in the presence of internals was assessed, and a modification factor for the population balance kernels was proposed. Moreover, the impulse tracer injection was applied to study the gas dispersion in the bubble column. The results showed that the presence of internals has a notable effect on the gas behavior. Less turbulence and dispersion were found in the presence of internals. To study the liquid mixing, the tracer technique was applied. The presence of internals reduced the fluctuating liquid velocities, which led to a lower mixing performance in the bubble column.


title: Relationships between iron status and measures of attention & memory / by Louie Valente.

contributor:
Newhouse, Ian
McAuliffe, Jim

subject:
Memory in adolescence Health aspects
Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents
Attention in adolescence Health aspects

abstract:
Iron plays a role in cognition. Iron deficiency can lead to abnormal dopaminergic neurotransmission and deficits in attention and memory. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between iron status, attention and memory in 71 healthy 10th grade female adolescents (mean ± SD, 15.4 ± .56 years). Participants were selected from public high schools in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Main outcome measures were: serum ferritin, hemoglobin (measuring iron status) and Trail Making (parts A & B), Digit Span (forward, backward, total), and Motor Free Visual Perception Test-3 (measuring cognition).  Vitamin  B12, and albumin were assayed primarily for control purposes. Using serum ferritin ≤ 20 µg/L as a cutoff value, 58% of participants (n = 42) were iron deficient. One case o f anemia (Hb < 120 g/L) and two cases of B12 deficiency (≤ 150 pmol/L) were observed. Low albumin (<35 g/L) was not observed.
Statistical analyses included: bivariate Pearson and partial correlation, multivariate regression, between subjects t-test, and relative risk. There were no statistically significant relationships noted between serum ferritin, hemoglobin, vitamin B12, or albumin and any test of attention or memory. Results suggest that serum ferritin ≤ 20 µg/L is not a threat to attention and memory.
R ep


title: Chemical and electrochemical modification of kraft lignin to value-added products

contributor:
Chen, Aicheng
Jiang, Zi-hua Justin

subject:
Lignin
Kraft lignin
Lignin modification
Electrochemical

abstract: Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers on earth, constituting approximately 30% of the dry weight of softwoods and 20% of hardwoods. It is a renewable, non-toxic, commercially available and low cost natural resource that has significant potential for being utilized as a basic raw material for the polymer industry. Lignin has potential for serving as a reinforcement agent in rubber because of its relatively large molecular weight, low surface reactivity and high water resistance. However, unmodified kraft lignin is generally incompatible with the rubber matrix, causing well known hysterisis problems in filled tires. Therefore, modification is required to improve the potential application of kraft lignin as a rubber filler. To date, lignin has been used primarily as a low-grade fuel for the pulp and paper industry due to the lack of effective modification and depolymerization methods.


title: Through a glass darkly : a study of Henry Vaughan's vision as poet and prophet

subject: Vaughan, Henry, 1622-1695

abstract: Although it can be argued that anything which arouses curiosity is worthy of human enquiry, and therefore requires no apology,the metaphysical poetry in general, and the religious writings of Henry Vaughan in particular, might still be considered enough of a dusty niche within the spectrum of the history of art and thought to at least require a brief foreword.


title: Terror management and pandemic influenza : social perception and response / by Jeffrey W. Sole.

subject:
Influenza - Psychological aspects
Terror management theory
Epidemics - Psychological aspects

abstract: Terror management theory provides a framework for investigating social responses likely to occur in the event of an influenza pandemic. The study predicted that where the threat of death from a pandemic was made salient in a relevant context involving a social outgroup, people would be more likely to behave aggressively toward those they perceived as threatening to their physical and symbolic existence. Concurrently, it was predicted that moderating personality traits--specifically Personal Need for Structure (PNS), self-esteem, and support for vaccination--would exaggerate or mitigate the likelihood of such aggression.  The study involved 180 students randomly assigned to one of 3 mortality salience prime conditions and one of two worldview defence scenarios, who completed measures of self-esteem, Personal Need for Structure, and worldview defence. Results indicated that high PNS individuals were affected by both mortality salience primes equally and significantly greater than the control. This suggests a basic mortality salience effect in high PNS individuals, with the threat of a pandemic at least as provocative as standard mortality salience.


title: Economic risk analysis of the emerald ash borer on the Thunder Bay campus of Lakehead University

subject:
Emerald ash borer
Urban forest
Benefits of urban trees
TreeAzin

abstract: In addition to their beauty, these trees contribute valuable ecosystem services. As of June 2016 the emerald ash borer, an invasive beetle from Asia, has been found in Thunder Bay and has the potential to kill every ash tree in the city. In order to determine the economic risk the University is facing, an analysis was completed to determine the value and annual contributions of the ornamental ash on Thunder Bay campus. Three methods: the LEAF benefits calculator, the National Tree Benefits Calculator (NTBC), and the i-Tree My Tree benefits calculator were used to estimate the annual contributions from the trees. Values of the trees were also calculated using the basic method. The cost of removal, replacement, and treatment with TreeAzin was determined with the help of a local arborist. Once all factors were calculated, an economic risk analysis was completed to determine the best plan of action for management of ash trees and the emerald ash borer. The only scenario which yielded positive benefits was the 100% treatment according to the NTBC. Therefore, it makes economic sense to save the ash trees on campus.


title: Memory specificity in depression : the effects of self versus other referent focus

subject:
Autobiographical memory
Depression
Negative memory biases
Memory bias (Depression)

abstract:
A number of studies have found that individuals with past or current depression are poor at recalling specific autobiographical memories (e.g., Brittlebank, Scott, Williams, & Ferrier, 1993; Williams & Dritschel, 1988; Williams & Scott, 1988; Williams, 1996). The affect regulation hypothesis (Williams, 1996) proposed to underlie the lack of specific autobiographical memories, as well as evidence from research on the negative memory biases associated with depression, suggests that self-focus enforced by the self-referent nature of autobiographical memory may moderate memory specificity in depressed individuals. This study aimed to (a)
replicate previous findings regarding the overgeneral memory bias in depression, (b) empirically
examine the effect of focus in the overgeneral autobiographical memory bias and, (c) explore the
relationship between depressive symptom severity and memory specificity in individuals who
have never been depressed. In the present study 11 either formerly or currently depressed and 47
never-depressed female undergraduate volunteers were asked to recall specific self-referent and
other-referent memories in a positively and negatively toned cue word paradigm. A nonsignificant
trend was observed that depressed individuals tend to report fewer speciGc selfreferent
memones than those who have never been depressed. Furthermore, memory speciGcity
increased only among parGcipants with past or current diagnosed depression when they were
cued to retrieve memories about other people rather than about themselves. Regression analysis
of memories in both the entire study sample as well as among only those who have never
experienced depression revealed that neither depressive symptoms severity nor global selfesteem
predicted memory speciGcity. Results are discussed with respect to the affect regulaGon
hypothesis and implicaGons of present Gndings for the Geatment of depression.


title: Tribunal of the mind : images of justice in The faerie queene

subject:
Spenser, Edmund, 1552?-1559
Faerie queene

abstract: This thesis surveys the action and structure of Spenser's The Faerie Queene from the perspective of the ideal of justice. Its basic assumption is that fundamentally the poem is an account of the quest for justice in three aspects: the psychological, the social, and the cosmological.


title: Effects of shoreline logging on the epilithic algal community in small Canadian Shield lakes with logged catchments

subject: Algal populations Effect of logging on Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Littoral plants Effect of logging on Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Shorelines Effect of logging on Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Epilithic algae

subject: Shoreline logging

abstract: Study area : Coldwater Lakes experimental watersheds area within the boreal-Great Lakes transition forest on the Precambrian shield 200 km northwest of Thunder Bay and 70 km northwest of Atikokan, northwestern Ontario.  Lakes L26, L39 and L42.  Chlorophyll 'a' was used to index algal biomass ; carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were used to measure nutritional status, and community characteristics were evaluated using areal densities of taxonomic classes.  Littoral zones were described using water turbulence index, littoral wind measurements, and mass measurements of epilithic material, etc.

abstract:
Chlorophyll a, nutritional status and community characteristics of epilithic
algae in littoral zones of three small Canadian Shield lakes with logged
watersheds were assessed. Sites were chosen with different shoreline
treatments, logged or unlogged shoreline forest, to estimate impacts of
shoreline logging on epilithic algal communities. All three lakes had logged
watersheds, and L42 and L39 had experienced some shoreline logging. No
shoreline logging had been done on L26, but two sites were used with
characteristics similar to logged and unlogged shoreline forest. Chlorophyll a
(chi a) was used to index algal biomass; carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and
phosphorus (P) were used to measure nutritional status; and, community
characteristics were evaluated using areal densities of taxonomic classes.
Littoral zones were described using a water turbulence index and littoral
wind measurements, mass measurements of epilithic material including
organic and inorganic components and changes in light (theoretical) and
tem perature (actual) environments following shoreline logging. The only
significant differences in measured variables were found at sites in L39, with
higher levels of total and organic material, chi a, C and N at the site with
logged shoreline forest. Further, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae,
Xanthophyceae and Dinophyceae were higher and Cyanophyceae were lower
in L39 a t the site with logged shoreline forest. No differences were found
between treatment sites in L42, or between sites in L26. Differences found in
L39 may have been due more to inter-site variation than to shoreline logging.
Overall, data did not show evidence of impacts to epilithic algal communities
or littoral environments from shoreline logging, however, results were not
conclusive given the preliminary nature and short time-span of the study.


title: Prey and habitat availability in the Whiskey Jack Forest (Kenora Management Unit, Ontario) to support a cougar (Puma concolor) population

subject:
Puma, cougar, mountain lion
Puma Food Ontario, Northwestern
Puma Habitat Ontario, Northwestern

abstract:
Cougars (Puma concolor) are the largest of the cats found in Canada. Abundant now only
in British Columbia and Alberta, cougars are possibly making a comeback in their former
eastern range. One ‘sighting’ (scat and tracks), of a cougar was confirmed from the
Whiskey Jack Forest during January and February 2000, Herb Lake location. I surveyed 37
kilometres of transects in the Whiskey Jack Forest to determine prey and habitat potential
to support a viable cougar population. Eleven transects located in the northern section of
Wildlife Management Unit (WMU) 7B, and 10 transects located in the southern section of
WMU 6 were surveyed. Combining the Silver Lake and Jones Study Areas, results showed
that ecosite 13 had the most abundant animal activity (1.94 animal tracks and trails/10m),
followed by ecosites 11 (1.66 animal tracks and trails/10m), rock (1.46 animal tracks and
trails/10m), ecosite 19 (1.42 animal tracks and trails/10m), and ecosite 14 (1.21 animal
tracks and trails/10m). Snowshoe hare, Lepus americamus, was the most abundant prey
species identified on all transects. Wolves, Canis lupus, a competitor of the cougar, were
also abundant on many of the transects, indicating possible competition for habitat and prey
resources. Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the primary prey of cougar, were only found on
one transect, which could indicate possible problems for permanent cougar residence in this
area. Moose, Alces alces, however, were quite abundant on many of the transects and have
some potential to support the predators.
Whether or not the area can support cougars is unclear. Increasing the amount of time
(consecutive winters) allocated to the study and the size of the study area surveyed would
strengthen the study.


title: Evaluation of a spatial habitat suitability model for the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) in West-central Alberta

subject: Goshawk Habitat suitability index models Alberta

abstract:
The current era of forest management has expanded the array of values, spatial
dimensions and temporal horizons beyond those formerly considered in the planning
process. The desire to evaluate the impact of various management scenarios on
biodiversity has prompted the development of tools such as habitat suitability models.
The implicit but frequently untested assumption in the application o f these models is that
their outputs accurately reflect real-world habitat use.
As part of the Biodiversity Assessment Project, Millar Western Forest Products
Ltd. developed spatially-explicit habitat supply models for 17 wildlife species. The
objective o f this study was to evaluate the performance of the previously untested habitat
suitability model for the Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis).
The model was first reviewed for agreement with current literature in terms of
computational methods and outputs across forest cover-types. A sensitivity analysis of
the model directed field studies and illustrated that forest cover-type was the most
influential variable within the nesting component of the model.
Field investigations revealed the model’s inability to identify goshawk nesting
habitat correctly. Identified goshawk nest sites (n = 15) had an average nesting suitability
value of only 0.25 (on a scale o f 0 to 1). A negative correlation between modelled
nesting suitability values and actual habitat use was also observed.
Improvements to the nesting component of the model were made in regard to
forest cover-type, canopy closure, and proximity to roads. A modification to the method
used to calculate foraging habitat was also suggested. These modifications improved
model performance with respect to known nest sites, but only within the limits of input
data. Discrepancies between forest inventory and field data were frequent as field-collected
data commonly reported trembling aspen cover where the forest inventory did
not. These discrepancies resulted in model modifications improving nesting scores for
known sites from 0.25 to 0.45 using inventory data and from 0.35 to 0.94 using data
collected directly from nest sites.
Model outputs were examined across a 200-year planning horizon using three
forest-management scenarios to test the relative impact of model alterations. Results
from this procedure illustrated similar trends within and between scenarios using both the
original and modified models. Consequently the modified model would be unlikely to
alter management decisions under a system where scenarios are evaluated in relation to
each other.


title: Analysis of Ghana's renewable resource policies

subject: Renewable natural resources (Government policy, Ghana)

subject: Environmental degradation (Ghana)

subject: Forest policy (Ghana)

subject: Collaborative forest management

abstract:
A comprehensive study of Ghana's renewable resource policies has been completed. The study is composed of two major components. First, an examination of environmental degradation occurring in Ghana along with the agents and underlying causes responsible. The examination led to the selection of renewable resource policies appropriate for analysis. Second, five policies pertaining to Ghana’s renewable
resources were analyzed based on their potential effectiveness in mitigating
environmental degradation as well as how effectively the policies were being
implemented in the field.
Commercial forestry operations are important to the Ghanaian economy. Illegal
logging operations are a major factor in Ghana, consuming roughly two and a half times
as much wood as the legal Annual Allowable Cut. Legal and illegal commercial
operations place considerable stress on Ghana’s forest resources; however that stress
pales in comparison to those arising from Ghanaian’s heavy dependence on fuelwood as
an energy source and the damaging effects of bushfires. The diminution of the role of
traditional authorities in overseeing forest reserves has weakened control and protection
mechanisms, resulting in degradation and deforestation of many areas. The five policy
documents examined are the Forest and Wildlife Policy of 1994, the Timber Resources
Management Act and Amendments, The Control and Prevention of Bushfires Law, The
National Land Policy, and the National Population Policy. Overall, Ghana’s renewable
resource policy is good; the weaknesses tend to arise with implementing strategies in the
field. The difficulty in transforming ideas on papers to action in the field is often
attributable to weak institutional capacity amongst Ghana’s leading institutions and lack
of political will. Recommendations are provided as to how to strengthen the protection
of Ghana’s renewable resources.


title: The Effect of Spring Loaded Single-Hip Support Cane Mechanisms on Upper and Affected Lower Limb Ground Reaction Forces, Muscle Activity, and Self-perceived Ease of Use

contributor:
Zerpa, Carlos
Sanzo, Paolo
Kivi, Derek

subject:
Types of canes
Advantages of cane use
Disadvantages of cane use
Gait cycle
Pathological gait patterns
Cane prescription

abstract:
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of commercial spring loaded
single-tip canes on ground reaction forces, impulse, and EMG activation in the upper limb during
ambulation. Ground reaction forces and impulse were also assessed for a simulated injured lower
limb. A secondary purpose was to assess both traditional and spring loaded cane designs for
subject-perceived ease of use. Healthy participants (n=21) were fitted with three types of canes
(traditional, Miracle Cane®, and Stander Cane®) and a T-Scope knee brace to simulate an injury.
Each participant walked over two force plates, where EMG, force, impulse, and Ease of Use data were
collected. Intra-class correlation (ICC) values were calculated for all dependent variables to
examine the consistency across replications of the protocol. The result values ranged from 0.558 to
0.999, indicating strong correlations between trials for all measured variables. A one-way ANOVA
was performed to analyze differences in walking speed between cane types and no significant
differences were found. Multiple two-way mixed factorial ANOVAs were performed to answer research
questions regarding differences in muscle activation, ground reaction forces, and impulses between
the three types of canes. Statistically significant differences were found in EMG activation
between cane types, (F(2, 280) = 732.48, p
< .05, partial η2 = 0.11), in which the Miracle Cane® produced less EMG output than all other
canes. There was a statistically significant interaction between the type of cane and type of limb
on vertical, (F(2,78) = 35.16, p< .05, partial η2  = .47), medial, (F(2,78) = 4.07, p< .05, partial
η2
= .09) lateral ground reaction forces, (F(2,78) = 5.29, p< .05, partial η2 = .12) and vertical
impulse, (F(2,78) = 9.93, p< .05, partial η2 = .2). There was also statistically significant
difference in anterior force production between cane types, (F(1.645, 64.164) = 7.74, p < .05,
partial η2 = 0.16). Means, standard deviations, and participant testimonials were analyzed for the
Ease of Use Questionnaire. The results from the qualitative and quantitative data indicate that
individuals preferred the spring loaded canes over the traditional cane; however, participants
preferred the Stander Cane® over the Miracle Cane®. The findings of this research may have
implications for the design of standard single-tip support canes and suggest avenues for future
research.


title: Effects of misinformation on children's recall : the potential for a "buffering" effect in drawing

subject:
Recall (Memory)
Memory in children

abstract:
Kindergarten children participated in a magic show and then responded to direct questioning
about the details. The children were then asked to draw (N = 52) or tell (N = 56) about their
favorite part of the show. Two weeks later, they were exposed to misinformed details about the
event. Judgements were then relayed to the children concerning the memory of the misinforming
interviewer, which were reinforcing, disregarding or neutral. One and six months after the event,
the children were questioned about the details. Results indicated that children who had an
opportunity to draw had reported fewer errors for details that were misled. However, these
children had more errors on the untampered items than the children who did not have an
opportunity to draw.


title: Influence of E.E.C. unions on economic policy

subject: Trade-unions Europe

abstract:
The practice of workers' participation the
decision-making process of management, as well as trade
union participation in advisory bodies which Influence
various aspects of government socio-economic policies, has
long been established in Western Europe. With the
development of tripartite bodies in the European Economic
Community CE.E.C.) the influence of trade union
organisations in the formulation of the Commission's social
and economic policies has increased as a whole in the last
two decades, despite the fact that the influence of trade
unions in the Federal Republic of Germany and the United
Kingdom has decreased in the last few years. This happened
because of the deteriorating relations between the trade
unions and the conservative governments of those two
countries, and especially of the latter


title: Exploring the Effect of Aerobic and Balance Exercise as an Interventional Strategy for Post-concussion Syndrome

subject: Concussion in sport

subject: Physiological mechanisms of concussion

subject: Rest, exercise and concussion

subject: Rehabilitation strategies for post-concussion syndrome


title: Reinforced practice and reduction of fear of water in children

subject:
Fear in children
Reinforcement (Psychology)

abstract:
Reinforced practice was used to treat children for fear of water. The primary measure of fear reduction was a behavioural task involving approach and entry to water. A comparison of pre-and post-test scores on the behavioural
approach test for experimental and control subjects
was used to determine the effectiveness of the procedure.
The results showed a significant difference in the pre- and post-test scores for the two groups and thus the application of reinforced practice has been extended.


title: Classroom physical arrangement and student behaviour

contributor:
Klassen, Daniel
Epp, Juanita

subject: Classrooms Planning Psychological aspects

subject: Classroom environment

subject: Classroom management

abstract:
The following study examines how the physical arrangement of classrooms affects
student behaviour, as measured by student off-task Inappropriate' and
disruptive' behaviour, defined as all types of behaviours that are contrary to
stated or Implied classroom rules or procedures (Emmer et. al., 1981a). This study
was conducted using primary classrooms, from Grade 1 to Grade 3, so as to view
as many forms of physical classroom arrangement as possible. The study was
conducted within d specified board In Ontario In 7 schools which opted to
partake In the study. The study Is qualitative In design using two main Case
Study formats: Situational Analysis and Multisite study, using structured
observations of classrooms and Informal interviews with classroom teachers.
Observation and interview questions were constructed using measurement tools
from Emmer et. al. (1981a) Classroom Management Improvement Study. (CMIS).
The accumulated data from each of the 7 primary observations, secondary
observations and teacher Interview questionnaires were analyzed and added
to the findings and results section of this study.
The case studies showed a definite relationship between classroom physical
arrangement and student off-task behaviours. If learning and teaching
materials are easily accessible by students Independently, the teacher can see
and hear all students, the traffic flows smoothly, and there are areas for high and
low activity then the counts of off-task behaviour decreased.