title: Problems of short beta-gamma delayed coincidence method lifetime measurements - lifetime of the 3.105 Mev level in 37 Cl.

abstract: A method based on the possibility of experimentally discriminating between 0 and y radiations is devised to reduce the statistical error in corrections for pulse height dependence of 9-y delayed coincidence lifetime measurements. The timing properties of small cylindrical scintillation detectors are briefly studied and delayed coincidence measurements of the delays between the 3 and v radiations following the decay of ^Na were carried out. Both indicate that the mean propagation delay for the scintillation photons is only weakly dependent on the point of origin in the scintillator. Further measurements were made following the (3 decay of 3^3. Corrections for unknown 0-y delays were obtained from ^^a data and the known lifetimes of the 1.37 and 2.75 MeV levels in ^^g. These were applied to the S results to evaluate the lifetime of the 3.105 MeV level in 37Cl. A preliminary estimate of T(3.105) = 7 + 3 ps is reported for this lifetime.


Consensus formation at the conference on security and cooperation in Europe


The effect of simultaneous vs sequential viewing of digital images on comparative judgment performance and user attitudes


Jewish tradition in the journalism of A. M. Klein


title: An examination of resemblance

creator: Campbell, Robert N. W. (Robert Nelson William)


Study of an adaptive control system to control a glucose tolerance test


Politics, society and the American private eye : a study of the novels of Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Ross MacDonald, and Robert B. Parker


Comparative studies on the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine in tobacco plants in relation to the formation of new auxin substances


Reading Disraeli : the significance of fiction for political advancement


Anthropology under erasure : Bourdieu, Derrida and the genealogy of the perverse


An investigation into a satiety deficit as an integral factor in Bulimia


Modelling urban central shipping and receiving facilities


Investigations of the steroidal components of the squid, Illex illecebrosus, and the starfish, Asterias vulgaris


The demographic transition : a study of the Romanian response to the legislation of restricted abortion laws October 1, 1966


Compliance and the Carleton skills training package : an empirical study


An electron beam welding system


Piazza Tales : Melville's Ironic vision and technique


Passive intermodulation in multifrequency UHF radio communication systems


Taxonomy and biology of the notonectidae in the Eastern Ontario Region


title: Astrology : an assessment of its validity, appeal and potential harmfulness

abstract: In this work three questions are examined concerning astrology. The first of these deals with the dispute over its validity. Arguments from both sides of this debate are presented and discussed. The second question involves the appeal of astrology. Several ideas about why astrology is increasingly popular in modern culture are explored. The last question is whether or not astrology should be perceived as potentially harmful. Again several notions about this are discussed. In the end it is concluded by the author that astrology and its claims do not seem to be validated, that the reasons for its appeal are complex and that its growing popularity is, in fact, potentially harmful.


title: Teacher interaction with preschool children : attitudes, contacts and their effects

abstract: Nine teachers and 80 preschool children participated in a study investigating the effects of teacher attitudes of "attachment", "concern" "indifference" and "rejection" towards preschool children. The teacher behaviours observed, related to instructional, social, and disciplinary contacts. It was found that teacher attitudes toward children do correlate with differential teacher behaviours. Attitudes held toward the involved students could not be differentiated on social contacts but were noticeably different on instructional and disciplinary contacts. Children in the different attitude groups were perceived differently (as shown by a behavioural measure) by their teachers. It was also shown that children may evoke the same or different attitudes from different teachers, leading to a possibility of similar or different patterns of communication. The effects of such patterns of communication may constitute an important factor in the child's educational experience.


title: On the conditional mean for fading channels

abstract: The first part of this thesis deals with the broad problem of forming the optimum estimate of an analog message which has been transmitted over a channel that can be modelled by a linear randomly-timevarying filter and additive white Gaussian noise. A two-step approach to the evaluation of the conditional mean is proposed. First, the optimum message estimate is evaluated under the assumption that the channel is known exactly. Secondly, the optimum estimate of this conditional estimate is evaluated. An estimate of the channel or some gain that depends on the channel is formed during this second step. It is shown that the mean square error of the optimum message estimate can be expressed in terms of two additive components. The first component is the mean square error of the optimum message estimate in the ideal situation where the channel can be measured exactly. The second component is the mean square error associated to the estimate of the channel. In the second part of this thesis, the particular problem of forming an estimate of the amplitude of a Gaussian pulse which has been. transmitted over a purely-fading channel is investigated in the context of nonlinear estimation theory. The performance of a physically realizable maximum aposteriori probability (MAP) estimate is evaluated. A transmitted reference system (TRS) is proposed in which part of the transmitted energy is devoted to a channel test signal. The unconstrained minimum mean square error estimate of the message is derived. The optimum receiver consists of a match filter followed by a gain which depends nonlinearly on the unconstrained minimum mean square error estimate of the channel. The performance of the TRS is . evaluated and the optimum energy division between the message signal and the channel test signal is investigated.


title: Optimum profiles of disks subject to frequency or stress constraints

abstract: A numerical procedure has been applied to the optimization of the profiles of stationary or rotating disks in the presence of geometric and frequency or stress constraints. The method utilized the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell routine for optimization, and the frequency and stress calculations were performed with the Finite Element Method using linearly tapered annular elements to mathematically model the disks. The disks in the procedure were axisymmetric, symmetrical about the middle plane, and had constant inner and outer diameters. The assumptions were made that the stresses were within the elastic range and that the disks were thin. Two approaches were used to define a disk profile: by defining the thickness at descrete points along the radius or by using a polynomial to define the thickness as a function of radius. Several numeric a.1 examples have been computed to demonstrate the procedure and to make comparisons with the results obtained by other investigators as well as to compare the two approaches used in defining the disk profile. In addition, a limited study was made with the numerical examples to Investigate the input parameters controlling the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell method.


title: An evaluation of Carleton's Mediation Centre : mediator and outcome effects

abstract: The effects of being involved in a peer mediation program were examined in a pretest/posttest design. Nineteen peer mediators were measured on social self-esteem, communication apprehension, beliefs in altruism and just world, and styles of coping. Major results include higher social self-esteem for mediators, greater amounts of communication apprehension in meetings, and an increased tendency to believe the world is a just place for both groups, over time. Mediators also responded to a qualitative questionnaire; findings reveal many desire more on-going training in mediation skills, and more opportunities to mediate disputes. Items dealing with self-reported changes revealed mediators believe they have experienced positive changes in communication and listening skills. Mediators reported using conflict resolution skills at work and with their families. Finally, consumer satisfaction was measured for nine disputants who had conflicts mediated; 44% were satisfied with their mediation, 77% felt the mediators had treated them fairly, and 89% believed they had learned useful conflict resolution skills.


title: Heroic and chivalric values in Shakespeare : a critical study of the first and second parts of Henry IV, Henry V and Troilus and Cressida

abstract: One of Shakespeare's concerns, expressed in his plays, is the nature of honour. The discussion of honour inevitably involves an examination of heroic and chivalric values, particularly in the histories. Shakespeare is critical of those values and proposes another value system. The development of honour is one of the major themes in The First Part of Henry IV. Hal, the future king cf England, does not choose heroic honour and, in the course of his subsequent development in The Second Part of Henry IV and in Henry V, he consistently chooses non-heroic, non-chivalric values to guide his behaviour. The rejection of heroism and chivalry is not complete in these plays but in Troilus and Cressida this rejection is total and merciless. To provide an alternative to the kind of honour possible in heroic and chivalric cultures, Shakespeare advocates a different cultural attitude which would force a redefinition of honour.


title: Behavioural ecology of lepus articus

abstract: This study, which was conducted on the Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, North West Territories between 22 May and 15 August, 1974, documented habitat use, food preferences, activity, behavior and postures of Lepus arcticus. Observations of arctic hares along two 5-km transects throughout the snow free period, indicated that L. arcticus primarily used the foothills and higher slopes of the two major ridges in the study area. By observation, I determined that the main food of L. arcticus during the snow covered period was Salix arctica, and that large numbers of the flowers of forbes were consumed during the snow free period. The behavior of L_. arcticus changed significantly between the snow covered and snow free periods. Ten readily distinguisable postures and the conditions under which they are assumed were described.


title: A new topological universe of filtered spaces

abstract: This thesis is a study of a new category Cp. This category has not appeared in the literature as yet The concept of Cp was suggested by my supervisor Dr. L.D. Nel. The results obtained stem from a list ol conjectures provided by him. The introductory chapter is a reference source for subsequent chapters. Chaptei 1 opens with a known larger category serving as backdrop for Cp. A major result is that Cp is a topologicn universe. The second chapter serves as a source of C'p-spaces. The categories of Hausdorff piecompact uniform spaces and Hausdorff Jb-spaces (kT->) are shown to embed fully. The functor G : &T_ —• Cp proves tc preserve finite products. We derive that G "nearly" preserves function spaces. The kernel of Chapter 3 is that CP(A, IR) is reflexive; this is proved by establishing that certain function spaces of Cp and Cc (convergencc spaces) coincide.


title: Resilience and vulnerability to depressive symptoms associated with perceived discrimination among First Nations people in Canada

abstract: Stressful events have been implicated as a fundamental factor that promotes and exacerbates depressive symptoms. Given that discrimination has been suggested to be a powerful stressor, the present investigation examined the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among First Nations adults in Canada (A = 158). As marked individual differences exist regarding experiences of discrimination and depressive symptoms, it was considered that ethnic identity and social support could serve as potential resilience/vulnerability factors. Regression analyses confirmed that perceived discrimination was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, but levels of perceived discrimination, depressive symptoms, and the consequences of this relationship varied as a function of ethnic identity (in-group affect, in-group ties, centrality). High levels of centrality (i.e., importance of heritage to one's self-concept) were associated with higher levels of perceived discrimination and intensified the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. In contrast, high levels of in-group affect (i.e., positive feelings regarding one's heritage) were associated with lower levels of perceived discrimination. In addition, high levels of in-group affect and in-group ties were associated with reduced depressive symptoms and buffered against the negative impact of discrimination on depressive symptoms, though many of these relations were more pronounced among males than females. Social support did not buffer against perceived discrimination when considered alone. However, tangible support interacted with in-group affect in reducing depressive symptoms associated with perceived discrimination. These data underline the importance of examining different aspects of identity and different types of social support in determining the relation between discrimination and depressive symptoms.


title: Religious Zionism : origin, development and aspects of its role in Israel

abstract: Zionism is an expression of the Jewish renaissance which began in the Post-Emancipation era. Religious Zionism is committed to the task of adding to the spiritual and cultural dimension of the political movement. Mizrachi, the political-religious wing of Zionism; strives to preserve and maintain the traditional foundation of the Jewish people in their land. It is seeking the means of applying the age-old values to a modern state in constant flux, amid pressures from without and within. Religious Zionists believe that the restoration of Israel was inevitable, according to the ancient prophets. They see their role as that O-P helping to rebuild a community which shall be a, worthy dwelling for the Divine Presence and a Light to all nations.


title: Capital punishment, 1976 : the debate in the House of Commons that the newspaper did not write about

abstract: Capital punishment was a feature of Canada's judicial system from the days of the first French and English settlers until 1976, when it was abolished by Parliament in a vote of 133-125. The numerous parliamentary debates during the last 60 years on abolishing capital punishment, and the closeness of the final vote, are an indication of the intense feeling that has surrounded the abolition question over the years. This is an examination of the speeches that were given during the second reading debate in May and June, 1976, in the House of Commons, on Bill C-84, "An Act to amend the Criminal Code in relation to the Punishment for murder and certain other serious offences." Then, there is an examination of the news reports, the editorials and the op-ed articles on this subject, published by The Globe and Mail and Le Devoir. The study shows the two newspapers had marked differences in their approach to the story and the manner in which they chose to write about it: The result is that readers of each paper were given quite different perceptions of what actually happened and was said during the debate.


title: The effect of definition of the situation and relaxation versus alertness-enhancing instructions on suggested amnesia

abstract: One hundred Carleton University students were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design. The two variables were Hypnosis (yes/ no) and Instructions (relaxation/alertness-enhancing). Subjects learned a nine-word list composed of instances from three different taxonomic categories to a criterion of two successive correct trials. An amnesia suggestion to forget the words was presented, followed by a recall test. The suggestion was lifted and recall was again tested. Partially amnesic subjects showed a breakdown in the organization of recall during the amnesia suggestion, whereas full recall subjects did not. The four treatment conditions failed to selectively influence either amount of amnesia or clustering during the amnesia suggestion. A "cued distraction" hypothesis was tentatively advanced to account both for the present data and those of previous studies. According to this hypothesis, preliminary instructions that repetitively ask subjects to attend to bodily sensations cue the later enactment of a forgetting strategy. This strategy involves subjects distracting themselves from the recall task during the amnesia suggestion by focussing attention on bodily sensations. A more specific "confusion" hypothesis was tentatively advanced to account for interrelationships among distraction, disorganization, and recall deficit during the amnesia suggestion.


title: Rollback and recovery for a multicopy file in a distributed data base

abstract: The process of rollback and recovery is a form of redundancy introduced into data base systems to enhance the integrity and consistency of the data. Rollback and recovery consists of periodical checkpointing (storing a copy of relevant data) and keeping a chronological record of transactions which modify the data base on an audit trail. When an error is detected in the data base, the data base copy made at the most recent checkpoint is loaded and all update transactions stored on the audit trail since the last checkpoint are reprocessed and applied to this copy. This thesis analyzes the process of rollback and recovery for multicopy files in a distributed data base. Models are developed which find the optimal time between checkpoints. The practical considerations concerning a control of rollback and recovery in a distributed data base environment are also presented.


abstract: An experimental investigation of the flow over a double backward facing step is carried out in an attempt to show if it is justified to assume two-dimensional flow, as most investigators have done, or if in fact one must consider the three-dimensional aspects of such a flow. The results are compared with those of other researchers, and are used in an attempt to test the theoretical model suggested by Kline(1966). From these results one is able to conclude that the flow is basically two-dimensional, and hence there is no supporting evidence for Kline's proposed model.


title: Different aspects of the motivation to self-administer heroin and cocaine revealed by two progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement

abstract: The motivation to self-administer heroin or cocaine was investigated using two different progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement. On the first schedule, the response requirements began at 1 and escalated systematically within the session. On the second schedule, the initial response requirements were adjusted according to the previous day's performance. Subsequent response ratios escalated exponentially. By comparing the breaking points derived from the two schedules, it was concluded that the motivation to self-inject cocaine increases with cumulative drug intake while the motivation to self-administer heroin decreases with each injection and is regulated by satiety. The ability of the second PR schedule of reinforcement to detect changes in the motivation to self-administer heroin was further investigated. Breaking points were shown to be sensitive to the opiate antagonist naltrexone. Heroin self-administration was shown to be remarkably resistant to extinction following saline substitution for heroin reinforcement although breaking points finally declined after several days. Finally, an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship was established between breaking points reinforced with 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 |ig/inj unit heroin dose.


title: A new and efficient method for generating minimal cut sets in fault free analysis

abstract: Fault tree analysis is an efficient technique for predicting the reliability of complex systems. One of the major problems in such analyses has been the extensive computations, which are required, to predict the probability of occurrence of the events under consideration; and consequently, the reliability of a whole system. The repetition of some events in the fault tree causes additional difficulties and is one of the principal sources of exhaustive computational effort. This thesis presents a method for the analysis of fault trees which reduces the complexity caused by the presence of repeated events, thus minimizing computing time and storage requirements. The new method is amenable for hand calculations, as well as computer implementation, thus allowing very large fault trees to be handled in a fraction of the time required by conventional methods. A step by step procedure to obtain the minimal cut sets of a fault tree, by the new method, is presented and applied to some sample fault trees. Compared to the conventional method, the new method yielded a reduction of computing time from about 15% to 8 0% and a reduction in working space requirements of about 6 5% for a typical example.


title: Summer habitat use and response to food patches by insectivorous bats in a desert community

abstract: Habitat use by an Arizona insectivorous bat community was examined using ultrasonic sensing equipment which allowed identification of bat species in the field by their echolocation calls. Response to prey patchiness by these species was tested using ultraviolet lights to attract swarms of insects. , All species of bats regularly observed were found in each of the 3 habitats examined. Total bat numbers were greater in forest than in open desert or scrub, but the open habitats had more even species distributions resulting in higher species diversity. Bat activity in all habitats continued throughout the night. Peaks in nightly activity in the scrub and desert typically occcurred after midnight, while in the canon forest activity was highest in the early evening, suggesting a movement of bats from the canons into the other habitats during the course of the night. Activity was not suppressed by light rain, wind or moonlight, nor was activity correlated with temperature or humidity. All species of bats examined responded to light-induced prey patches on at least some occasions. Some species appeared to be positively associated with others, while no instances of negative association or agonistic behaviour were noted. These data indicate a bat community in which the species are highly adapted to patchy prey distributions. Prey did not appear to be limiting and the transient, dynamic nature of the bat community and high degree of association between species suggest a lack of interspecific competition during the summer. A "patchwork community" of non-competing, independently population-limited species is hypothesized.


title: Antitumor action at the molecular level : a spectroscopic study of the binding of anthracyclines to a model DNA system

creator: Bell, Mary-Jane C. (Mary-Jane Constance)

abstract: Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy has been applied to the study of drug-dinucleotide binding in solution. MCD spectra have been recorded for complexes of the intercalating anthracyclines Aclacinomycin, Carminomycin, and Marcellomycin with the self-complimentary dinucleotide Z'-deoxycytidylyl-CS'—>5')2'-deoxyguanosine (CpG). Optical titrations were also performed to further characterize the binding process. Both single and double stranded dinucleotide binding situations were investigated. It is of interest to define the binding process in terms of the structural features involved. This leads to the identification of three important characteristics governing the anthracycline binding process. The degree of substitution on the amino function of the first sugar is important in hydrogen bond formation. If fully substituted no hydrogen bonding is possible and the binding constant of the anthracycline is reduced. The location of the carbonyl function on the non-planar D ring also controls the availability of hydrogen bonding. If the carbonyl is at the 9 position, hydrogen bonding to the bases is possible. However, if the carbonyl is located at the 10 position then no hydrogen bonding is possible. The presence of an anthraquinone carbonyl which is not perihydroxylated will cause the anthracycline to be much more hydrophobic in nature. This in turn will allow it to penetrate the base stacking region to a greater extent leading to cooperative binding. It is the combination of these structural features which will determine the major stabilizing force involved in the intercalation process, base stacking or hydrogen bonding.


title: Characterization of high power high efficiency gaas impati diodes in pulsed mode operation

abstract: High power, high efficiency GaAs IMPATT diodes in pulsed mode operation are characterized in this study. Experimental results are presented for the R.F. power and frequency drift versus current and temperature characteristics when the diodes are pulsed in a very efficient, flexible microwave resonator. A novel analytical GaAs IMPATT diode model is described and used to verify the frequency drift versus time results obtained experimentally and to predict that a current frequency tuning phenomenon can be "used to minimize the frequency drift of the IMPATT diodes when operated in pulsed mode. A new pulsed constant current bias supply suitable for the high power GaAs IMPATT diodes is also described and used throughout this study.


title: The dependence of the functional differentiation of the duodenum of chick embryos on pars distalis hormones

abstract: Functional differentiation of the duodenum of normal chick embryos from 15.75 to 20.5 days of incubation was studied using the following parameters: (1) the dry weight of the whole duodenum increases from 4.1 to 12.4 mg., (2) the alkaline phosphatase activity of the, whole duodenum increases from less than 12 to 426 units, (3) the length of the villi increases approximately five-fold by 20.5 days of incubation, (4) the height of the epithelial cells at the villous tips increases from 12.9 to 25.9 u, (5) the shape of the epithelial cells which changes from low columnar, to cuboidal, to high columnar, (6) the shape of the nuclei of most of these cells progresses from sphero-ovoid to ovoid by 20.5 days of incubation, (7) the distribution of mitotic figures, which occurs at first throughout the epithelium, by 20.5 days is restricted to the crypts of Lieberklihn, (8) glycogen, which appears on day 15.75, but is absent by 20.5 days, (9) a mucopolysaccharide at the brush border becomes progressively increased by 20.5 days, and (10) the presence of alkaline phosphatase at the brush border in low levels at 16.75 days becomes progressively more intense by 20.5 days of incubation. In hypophysectomized embryos aged 19.75 to 21.5 days a study of the above parameters showed that the level of duodenal differentiation attained, approximated that found in normal embryos at 16.75 to 17.75 days. In hypophysectomized embryos aged 19.75 and 20.5 days which had received a pars distalis homograft at 9.5 days of incubation, the above parameters showed that the duodena had attained normal levels of differentiation. In another group of hypophysectomized embryos aged 19.75 days with grafts in which the grafts had become atrophic, the level of duodenal differentiation was not different from untreated hypophysectomized embryos of the same age. Fresh body weights and measurements of the third toe were recorded as added indices of the status of the pars distalis. In chick embryos, the functional differentiation of the duodenal epithelium which takes place during the latter part of incubation depends on the hormones of the pars distalis.


title: Equalization for twisted pair cables with bridged taps

abstract: In recent years there has been considerable interest in digital transmission-through existing telephone lines. It is believed that transmission at rates up to 1 Mbps or higher can be facilitated. In this thesis the problem of Equalization of twisted-pair cables with bridged taps is studied. The minimum MSE is calculated in the presence of Near-end Cross-talk and white Gaussian noise, at two data rates 80 Kbs/640 Kbs and for four coding schemes (Binary;, Duobinary, Bipolar, Manchester) supported by infinite Linear^and Decision-feedback Equalizers. The performance of a novel simple decision-feedback receiver with Automatic line Build-out CALBO) is also investigated. It is shown that this easy-to-implement structure is a fairly robust one as it performs better than the infinite Linear Equalizer for high cross-talk interference.


title: Atomatization efficiency of some stable-oxide-forming elements in a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame

abstract: Nitrous oxide-acetylene flames are extensively used as atom reservoirs and as excitation sources for spectroscopic determination of elements. A 'carbon-rich nitrous oxide-acetylene flame has a relatively high temperature and a reducing nature'--this combination of desirable properties in a flame makes it form free atoms in electronic ground state even from those elements which exist almost totally as monoxides in fuel-deficient or cooler flames. Five elements, viz. Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta were selected on the basis of stability of their monoxides (i.e., formation of few atoms in fuel-deficient and cooler flames). By measuring the spatial distributions (profiles) of the flame temperature and the population density of atoms in the electronic ground state, and the intensity of monoxide emission and efficiency of atom formation (e$ value), it has been possible to assess the importance of different factors in producing free atoms, and also, to propose a model for the formation of free atoms of these elements. The dissociation energies of different monoxides have been calculated from the 3-factors. No correlation between the 3-factors and the dissociation energies has been found. However, the 3-factors have been found to depend on the compound/solvent system and the flame characteristics, viz., the fuel and the oxidant (which together determine the burning velocity, and hence, the residence time of the solute particle in the flame), the chemical composition, the oxidizing and reducing nature and the temperature of the flame.


title: Some studies of long range shielding effects on chemical shifts

abstract: Long range shielding parameters for the C-H, C=0, and thioketal groups were derived by least squares analysis of chemical shifts of C-18 and C-19 methyl groups in 5a,14a-androstane derivatives. The sensitivity of these parameters to structural approximations, concerning conformations of methyl groups and steroid framework, were studied. The C-H bond anisotropy is thought to be small, but no definitive value could be obtained. An electrostatic and a magnetic shielding mechanism were found to be operative in the cases of the carbonyl and thioketal groups. Shielding parameters for the C=0 bond agree reasonably well with previous results. The thioketal parameters are not considered physically meaningful quantitites due to the severity of approximations and the small number of equations, but they predict chemical shifts rather well. Conformational approximations, concerning methyl groups and steroid ring systems were found to have only a moderate effect on shielding parameters and calculated shifts.


title: The effects of winter and scavenging upon the rate of decomposition and disarticulation in the Ottawa Valley Region of Eastern Ontario

abstract: This experimental field research was designed to examine how the variable of freezing due to natural winter conditions in a rural setting would affect the rate and characteristics of decomposition of pig carcasses. The experiment was conducted in the county of Lanark, Eastern Ontario, commencing in February and spanning until the beginning of June, 2000. The variable of scavenger interaction and the integral role that they play in the rate of decay was also examined. It was determined that the effects of winter and scavenger interaction obscured the characteristic stages of decomposition. Scavengers seemingly increased the overall rate of decay to the skeletal state. The type or species of scavenger greatly effected the rate of disarticulation and the distance and degree to which skeletal remains were dispersed. Moreover, the participation and feeding behaviour of scavengers impeded the presence and colonization of necrophagous insects.


title: The design of a high-performance image processor using the general systems design methodology

abstract: This thesis represents the first major case study of the General Systems Design Methodology, developed by Prof. B.A. Bowen and Capt. W.R. Brown. The methodology is used to design a high performance image processor for the decoding of block-transform encoded digital images. The design itself will be presented in sufficient detail to show how the methodology was used, and that the design was successfully completed. Since it is the first use of the methodology by someone other than it's creators, all aspects of it's use were being examined. Of greatest interest was validating the mechanisms for deriving a logically correct representation of the algorithm and the systematic accommodation of non-functional constraints imposed by the specifications, and traversing the partitioning and allocation boundary between the logical design and the hardware architecture selection phases. The case study demonstrated the systematic decomposition of the processing algorithm into it's maximally concurrent, logically correct form. The data this decomposition provided proved that the performance requirements could not be met, under the constraints placed on the hardware architecture, by any partition. It also provided the foundation for iteratively redefining the constraints such that they could be accommodated by generating new partitions which exposed both the viable allocations to components of the defined hardware and the specifications for new components.


title: An anthropological examination of the reformation: egalitarianism versus hierarchy

abstract: Anthropology and sociology for the most part have neglected an in depth examination of the Protestant Reformation. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the debates and differences between Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism and Anabaptism in terms of the ideas concerning the nature of the religious community and in terms of the dichotomy between egalitarianism and authoritarianism. On one side of the dichotomy Roman Catholicism which over time moved away from autonomy and egalitarian principals of the early Christian Church and towards hierarchy and authoritarianism. On the other side of that same dichotomy are the Anabaptists who promoted communal living, sharing and egalitarianism. Luther(anism) within my theoretical framework is somewhat of an anomaly because clearly this new interpretation wanted change and opposed some aspects of Roman Catholic practice and beliefs: Luther(anism) questioned the role and legitimacy of papal authority; the role and authority of the priesthood (and their worldliness, ignorance, cormption and apathy); the nature of the sacraments; the appropriateness of selling indulgences, and the interpretation of the sacraments and Bible. But Luther did not promote egalitarianism. The thesis concludes that a study of the debates and differences between Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism and Anabaptism is a helpful contribution to understanding the ideas concerning the nature of the religious community in terms of the literature concerning the dichotomy between egalitarianism and authoritarianism.


title: Digitone signal detection

abstract: This thesis deals with the investigation of detection techniques, suitable for microminiaturization, which can be employed to design receivers for Digitone signals, the design of some of the receivers, and their performance evaluation. A number of detection techniques are reviewed such as RC Discriminator Detection, Correlation Detection, Matched Filter Detection, Receiver Design by Decision Theory, Detection by Sampling, Differential Detection, Limiter-Discrirainator Detection, Zero-Crossing Detection, Cycle Counting Detection and Phase Lock Loop Discriminator Detection. Of these, Zero-Crossing and Phase Lock Loop Discriminator Detection are used to design receivers for Digitone signals, as designs based on these methods can be easily microminiaturized. Two different designs using Zero-Crossing technique i.e. Zero Crossing Receiver Model I and Zero-Crossing Receiver Model II are given. The latter is a simplified version of the former. Receiver performance evaluation of detectors built in the laboratory indicates that both Zero-Crossing and Phase Lock Loop Discriminator techniques can be used to detect Digitone signals. However, Phase Lock Loop Discriminator performance is superior to Zero-Crossing. This is due to its higher inherent noise immunity as compared to Zero-Crossing which performs satisfactorily only for S/N ratios higher than 20 dB, its not requiring band pass filters of as ideal characteristics as that required by the Zero-Crossing detector and its design being more suitable for microminiaturization because it uses lesser number of resistors and capacitors.


title: A microprocessor controlled V.C.O. as a spread spectrum synthesizer

abstract: The results of the use of a microprocessor as the stabilizing portion of a spread spectrum synthesizer are reported. The uses of spread spectrum techniques are discussed and then various modulation schemes and synthesis processes are considered. To produce a wideband, flexible modulator, a hybrid direct sequence/frequency-hopping synthesizer was designed. The critical wideband spreading function is created by the frequency hopping portion, so this was the part of the system which was built. The effects of environmental changes, such as temperature variations and power supply fluctuations were studied and the ability of a microprocessor to counteract these effects was investigated. The results of these experiments show that a microprocessor can control the post-tuning drift caused by these various effects.


title: Getting a life : Thoughts after Heidegger and Marcel on relating to others

abstract: Heidegger's Being and Time has been criticized as solipsistic in its focus on individualized Dasein, whose conscience has called it out of the world of the "they," into an authentic Being-unto death. The argument in this thesis is that Heidegger's fundamental insight can be defended against this criticism, but that it needs to be supplemented, to avoid misunderstanding, with concrete detail concerning important features of our relations with others. Marcel has provided the necessary corrective by underscoring the vital element played by the other in our own development. The thesis explores central Heideggerian ideas, such as Dasein's advance toward death and resoluteness in the face of fateful existence, with a view towards providing space for a more satisfactory account of concrete relations with others.


title: The effects of ultrasound on the D.N.A. of leucocytes : An in vitro study

abstract: This study was performed to determine whether ultrasound of frequency and average intensity that are used in therapy, could produce strand breaks in the DNA of suspended sheep peripheral leucocytes and mouse thymocytes. A clinical therapy applicator with a transducer of resonant frequency at 870 kHz was used for experiments. Strand breaks in DNA, measured by a fluorescence enhancement assay, were 2 initiated in sheep leucocytes at 1.2 W/cm and increased linearly with intensity to a maximum at 4 ..5 W/cm . No repair of breaks was observed following a 20 min incubation at 37 C. No strand breaks were detected in Swiss-Webster mouse thymocytes exposed to the same conditions, although breaks were detected in cells from a Senear strain. The thiol cysteamine, an intracellular scavenger of free radicals, protected cells from DNA damage while the disulfide cystamine, which cannot penetrate the cell, did not. High viscosity medium of methyl cellulose which prevented cavitation conditions which could give rise to free radicals, prevented DNA damage in leucocytes. Superoxide, *02, and hydroxyl radicals, OH', were produced in salt solutions under experimental conditions. The ultrasound doses for initiation and increase in production of OH' coincided with those for DNA strand breakage in cells. These results are consistent with a model in which free radicals formed in the extracellular medium during exposure to ultrasound can lead to strand breaks in DNA. if cells in vivo exist in media of low viscosity, it is possible that medical applications of ultrasound could produce damaged DNA.


title: Preliminary design studies for the B.W.-1 ultra-light powered glider

abstract: The design of a light weight, medium performance powered glider, with particular reference to various international performance requirements, is presented. The aircraft was designed as an efficient two place touring aircraft with the characteristics of a powered glider, which could be fabricated by amateur builders from commercially produced kits. This work was undertaken initially as a group project for the Engineering 88-510 class, winter term 1971/72, with the class divided into various design groups. This thesis represents the basic design work done during this period by the design groups as well as the follow on analysis done by the author to combine the various design studies into a comprehensive and complete performance analysis of the BW-1 powered glider.


title: English local risings in 1327 with particular emphasis on Bury St. Edmunds

abstract: Chapter I examines the national situation from the time of Isabella's invasion in September 1326 till the coronation of Edward III in February 1327. The origins of the risings at Bury St. Edmunds and St. Albans are considered and their relationship to the political crisis are analysed. Chapter II considers the response of Isabella and Mortimer to political dissension within the realm and the threat of invasion from Scotland. The impact of the policy of accommodation upon the local risings is discussed. Chapter III looks at the involvement of the central authority in preparing for war and in conducting the northern campaigns between April and October 1327. The origins and events of the Abingdon rising are studied. Governmental reaction to renewed violence at Bury is examined. Chapter IV studies the functioning of the judicial process at Bury from October 1527 till May 1328. The efforts of the central government to secure convictions against the accused and the attendant response of the local inhabitants are discussed. Chapter V provides a quantitative analysis of the social and economic status of the Bury rebels based upon a comparative study of the record of the oyer et terminer proceedings and the Suffolk subsidy roll for 1327. The importance of lordship, geographical location, wealth and occupation as determinants of proclivity to revolt are considered.


title: Personal projects, depressive affect and coping styles

abstract: Through personal project analysis (Little, 1983), gender differences in the nature of ruminative and distractive coping responses were examined in the context of individuals' daily goals and concerns in order to assess their function and effectiveness in coping with depressive affect. A sample of 71 university students, composed of 35 males and 36 females between the ages of 18 to 29, participated in a one-on-one interview requiring both verbal and written responses. Respondents filled in the Personal Projects Analysis package, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Endler & Parker, 1990). Results indicated no significant gender differences in the adoption of ruminative or distractive coping responses. In addition, contrary to NolenHoeksema's theory of coping, ruminative responses were associated with greater meaning, manageability, support, competency and less stress in relation to depressive goals. In contrast, distractive coping responses were significantly related to poor manageability, less meaning, support, competency and greater stress among individuals' most depressive goals. Furthermore, an analysis of the content categories that projects were categorized into, revealed that ruminative and distractive coping styles were consistently associated with particular types of projects. Broken down by gender, women were equally likely to adopt either a distractive or a ruminative coping response in the context of similar goals or concerns, though rumination was exclusively associated with academic/occupational projects and distraction with health 'body appearance projects. In contrast, for men, neither coping style was consistently associated with any particular content category. Furthermore, rumination and distraction were significantly related to the depressive and non-depressive projects within particular content categories. The results of this study confirm that ruminative responses to depressive affect can be associated with beneficial effects and that distractive responses may be associated with negative project appraisals. The findings also provide evidence for the utility of examining the nature of coping responses to depressive affect within a real-life context. These findings are discussed in relation to the differential effectiveness of rumination and distraction as coping responses and in relation Nolen-Hoeksema's theory of coping. The implications of adopting each of these coping responses for men and women are also discussed.


title: Main street at the crossroads : towards an inclusive strategy for revitalising the southern zone of Ottawa's Bank Street Promenade

abstract: Ottawa's Bank Street Promenade was created in 1972, with a mandate to beautify and promote Bank Street from Wellington Street to Gladstone Avenue as a downtown shopping area. Twenty six years later, the purpose of this particular applied geography exercise was to develop a research-based, inclusive "made in Ontario" main street revitalisation strategy for the eleven block faces of the southern zone of the Bank Street Promenade in Ottawa's Centretown neighbourhood. This section of Bank Street has continued to lose its locational advantage due to — among other things — the impacts of: population deconcentration and decentralisation; a demographic shift in Centretown; the burgeoning growth of Ottawa's peripheral, low density, multinodal urban sprawl zone; and, the significant growth of the suburban commercial and retail sectors that provide goods and services to these areas. The recommended policies/programs form the basis of an achievable revitalisation strategy for the Bank Street Promenade's southern zone.


title: Isolation and characterization of enniatins from Fusarium avenaceum daom 196490 and Fusarium acuminatum mrc 3308

abstract: The mycelia from a culture of Fusarium avenaceum Fa120 (DAOM 196490) have been shown to produce enniatin A as a major product, along with smaller amounts of enniatins A1 and B1. In addition, this fungus was also found to produce two minor enniatins, enniatins B1-2 and A2, with enniatin A2 being the first N-methylleucine containing enniatin to be isolated from any Fusarium species. The crude fungal extract of Fusarium acuminatum MRC 3308 grown in SANDOZ medium was found to contain enniatins B, B1 and A1, with trace amounts of enniatin A. This is the first reported isolation of enniatins from this strain of F. acuminatum. In addition to the above enniatins, this strain also produces an N-methylleucine containing enniatin, enniatin B4, as well as an N-desmethyl enniatin, B2. The complete characterization of these new enniatins, as well as enniatins A1 and B1, which have never been fully characterized, is presented.


title: Sensory gating in Schizophrenia and its implications for auditory hallucinations : a combined time-frequency, event-related potential and neuroanatomical study

abstract: Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder with cognitive deficits in a wide variety of domains. One prominent brain-based mechanism that has been proposed to account for a wide variety of deficits seen in this group is sensory gating, which refers to the ability to suppress extraneous sensory input in the environment. Impairments in this function have also been shown to be associated with positive symptoms in schizophrenia, including auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), which represent a core feature of the disorder; however, the neurophysiological basis of sensory gating dysfunction and its relationship to the state and trait of experiencing AVHs remain ill-understood. Furthermore, although the finding of sensory gating impairments in schizophrenia is robust, there is a substantial amount of variability in both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, leaving questions regarding the validity of this measure as an endophenotype for schizophrenia. Event-related potential (ERP) and evoked power (EP) indices of sensory gating were assessed in 24 patients with AVHs and 24 healthy controls stratified into high and low suppressors. In patients specifically, structural volumes for cortical regions associated with both sensory gating and auditory hallucinations were assessed, and were correlated with electrophysiological measures of sensory gating, as well as with state and trait measures of AVHs. While it was suppressor type (i.e., low vs. high suppressors) rather than group (i.e., patients vs. controls) that differentiated participants with respect to most ERP and EP measures, patients did differ in a standard ERP measure of gating ability.  Analyses also showed differences in cortical volume (with an emphasis on temporal region) associations with state assessments, depending on the experimental condition in which the AVHs were experienced. Furthermore, sensory gating function (as indexed by several ERP indices) was shown to be influenced by volumes in temporal, hippocampal and anterior cingulate regions. The study revealed basic electrophysiological gating mechanisms to regulate AVH experiences. Results also point to the influence of cortical volumes in regions associated with AVHs (and the state vs. the trait of such experiences) on electrophysiological measures of sensory gating function.


title: Development of a cloth-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

abstract: A cloth-based enzyme immunoassay (CEIA) for the direct detection of microbial antigens in test samples was developed. The assay has its basis in the adsorption of antibodies on a variety of cloth surfaces, which can subsequently be used to capture antigens. The captured antigens are then detected by use of an enzymeantibody conjugate. The assay is a simple procedure which has produced negligible signals for negative controls. As a model CEIA system, the detection of Brucella abortus (the causative agent of brucellosis in cattle) was studied. Whole antiserum was diluted, heated at 75 C for 10 min, and used to coat nonwoven polypropylene cloth. The CEIA was able to detect 0.3 nanograms of B. abortus lipopolysaccharide and 1.2 X 10 B. abortus cells. The CEIA was successfully adapted for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea antigen. Finally, a complement CEIA was developed for the detection of B. abortus. Guinea pig complement was adsorbed on a polyethylenimine-coated cotton cloth surface, which then served to capture immune complexes formed when a test antigen sample was mixed v/ith enzyme labeled antibody. This form of the CEIA had a lower detectability than the direct assay, but was simpler to perform since it only required one incubation step.


title: Applications of microcomputers to picture manipulations in scanning electron microscopes

abstract: This Thesis is concerned with the application of microcomputers to picture manipulation as an aid to extracting useful information from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. It is desired to apply digital image processing techniques to the pictures without the use of expensive and dedicated hardware. A system has been implemented, using a general purpose microcomputer, software and minor amounts of specialized hardware, to obtain an image from a specific SEM, which is representative of most SEMs. This system also includes facilities for reproduction of the images in several formats and provide some basic digital image processing, concerned with pixel intensity levels. One of the main objectives is to provide the software framework in which sophisticated digital image processing techniques could be employed.


title: Childhood stroke : neuropsychological functioning and outcome in twenty-six cases

abstract: Twenty-six cases of stroke in childhood are compared with 26 children without brain damage matched by age and sex. Variables included in the comparisons were intellectual, academic and neuropsychological scores from a standardized test battery. Data on behavioural functioning are also reported. Children who had strokes performed more poorly than the children without strokes on the intellectual, academic and neuropsychological tests. Behavioural problems were not commonly reported in either group. Within the group of children with strokes, outcome ranged from death to full recovery. The majority of the children had motor problems and one-fifth had visual field defects. Post-stroke sequelae included mild speech difficulties and epilepsy. Almost half of the children attended a regular class at school and the other half required a teacher's aid or special class placement. Boys appeared to have a poorer outcome than girls.


title: The geology and genesis of the Calabogie iron deposits, Renfrew County, Ontario

abstract: The Campbell-Caldwell iron deposit is a lens of fine- to coarse-grained magnetite within an aluminous metasediments unit of the Grenville Supergroup. It is approximately 3,250 feet long, 69 to 324 feet wide and extends to a depth of 1,650 feet. The average iron content is 22.3%. Magnetite, hornblende, clinopyroxene, biotite, calcite, scapolite, tourmaline, quartz, epidote group minerals,- apatite, secondary chlorite, secondary , hematite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite compose the deposit. The rocks of the area include amphibolite, aluminous metasediments and marble of the Grenville Supergroup that have been intruded by gabbro and syenite and except for the syenite all have been metamorphosed to amphibolite grade. Two other iron deposits, Bluff Point and Martel, occur within the study area and are geologically similar to the Campbell-Caldwell deposit. A literature compilation of all known iron deposits within southeastern Ontario and southwestern Quebec of the Central Metasedimentary Belt was undertaken and a classification for these deposits was proposed. A sedimentary origin is favored for the genesis of the Campbell-Caldwell, Bluff Point and Martel iron deposits. All features of these deposits are compatible with this theory.


title: The effects of in-service deterioration on military turbofan performance

abstract: The effects of in-service damage and wear on military turbofan performance are investigated. Relationships between measurable physical changes in engine components and losses in engine performance are developed in a two-step process. Measurable damage and wear are related to efficiency and mass flow losses in turbines or compressors from a collection of empirical and experimental data. A digital computer model of a twin-spool mixed-flow turbofan is employed to determine the resulting changes in thrust, specific fuel consumption, turbine life and compressor surge margin. A method is presented to calculate the degradation in mission capability for two representative military tasks. The identification of a deteriorated component by observing easily monitorable parameters is described. Data and procedures are included to allow further investigations of the consequences of in-service deterioration of a military turbofan.


title: Urban transport line-haul systems evaluation

abstract: Many cities are presently reaching a growth stage where their existing transit services can no longer adequately serve their rising transit demands. Also, as a policy goal, mass transit systems are being encouraged which can substantially alter the modal split picture. In the assessment of mass transit technologies and also in the design and evaluation of transit services, conformity to the community goal structure is of essential concern. This thesis reports on an investigation into the evaluation of urban mass transit systems. A comprehensive assessment of the evaluation methods is made and a utility-theory based methodology is developed and applied which takes into account most of the important service variables and community impacts. The analysis performed focuses on the line-haul component of the overall urban mass transit system in a corridor or subarea context. At the outset of this study the problem of technology evaluation and its role in the overall urban transportation planning process is examined. It is shown that a new three-level hierarchical structure is preferred over the current approach of two-levels in this process. This additional level proposed is corridor or sub-area planning and it is at this level that technology evaluation should be studied. A survey of the existing practice of technology evaluation is summarized next. It is shown that studies to date do not deal adequately with all of the factors which should be considered in a study of this nature and that trade-offs made among them are not adequately represented. A technique, based on a utility-theoretic approach,' is investigated with respect to its applicability in transit design and evaluation studies. The use of this technique combined into an overall framework is then illustrated by way of a case study of the Alta Vista Corridor in Ottawa. It is expected that the analyses reported in this thesis will be immediately applicable to the situation currently being faced by many cities making the choice of how and where to expand transit services and which technologies are best suited to their needs.


title: Three dimensional photoelastic stress analysis of a thin cylindrical pressure vessel with hemispherical heads

abstract: The three dimensional stress distribution in a thin cylindrical pressure vessel with hemispherical end caps is determined experimentally. The three dimensional photoelastic technique of stress freezing was used. The use of symmetry of stresses in simplifying the usually cumbersome procedure of three dimensional photoelastic analysis is illustrated. A complete procedure of casting the model from epoxy and subsequent curing is presented. The problems encountered during casting, curing, machining and cementing of the model are given and their remedies discussed. Particular attention is given to the machining problems encountered during this investigation. The experimental results are compared with linear and non-linear theoretical solutions. Poor agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical solutions is discussed. Recommendations for improving the experimental accuracy have been made.


title: A model of an urban decision-making process with respect to the development of Lebreton flats in Ottawa

abstract: This study examines the decision-making processes surrounding the planning of a new downtown community in Ottawa known as LeBreton Flats. The project is being developed by the federal government but given the requirement that it be carefully integrated with the region, a novel multi-jurisdictional planning forum has been created where all levels of government and other concerned interests have worked together. It is primarily within this forum that the analysis is undertaken. The paper initially defines the need for broader research methodologies into urban governmental decision-making processes based upon both theoretical and empirical grounds. From this, Graham T. Allison's multiple-model methodology developed for international politics in Essence of Decision, Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis, (1971), is found to be adaptable to the urban governmental level. The application of this model to LeBreton Flats reveals significant insights into this decision-making process and in particular acknowledges the impact of bureaucratic and individual influences which have been present in the planning process.


title: Potential oxygen-dependent regulation of PIAS3

abstract: Protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3), a regulator of the JAK/STAT pathway, binds to and blocks the DNA-binding activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). PIAS3 has the potential to be hydroxylated at a specific proline residue, in an amino acid sequence known to be involved in oxygen-dependent post-translational modification of certain proteins, and which may lead to ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome under normoxia. Alternatively, hydroxylation may affect PIAS3 function, such as its inhibition of STAT3-DNA binding. PIAS3 protein expression was found to be stable regardless of oxygen concentration. However, PIAS3 function increased under hypoxic conditions. Mutation of a specific proline residue was observed to affect the function of PIAS3 in cell growth and proliferation. Protein-protein interactions with PIAS3 were found to change under hypoxic conditions. These results suggest the function of PIAS3 is altered under low oxygen conditions.


title: Decentralization and diversification in the reorganization of non-agricultural production in the Soviet economy : 1987-1990

abstract: The reformation of Soviet enterprises over the period from 1987 to 1990 represents the rejection of the "command economy and marks the first step toward the “destatization" of productive property in the Soviet Union. This process is important because it will set precedents for future economic development, determine the receptiveness of Western capital to the Soviet market and eventually be the catalyst for the formation of a new social contract between individual and state. This paper examines the first stages of economic reform by looking to the production level to gauge the extent and nature of change that took place over this period and to measure the effectiveness of the reforms. Chiefly, this is done by examining new forms of enterprise organization: Cost-Accounting and Leased enterprises, Small Enterprise, Concerns and Joint-Stock Companies. Each enterprise type is treated separately but according to identical criteria: the case for application of each type of organization; the nature and calibre of legislation governing each type of enterprise, and; the experiences of enterprises with these new forms of organization. It is found that poor quality legislation and the enlistment of state agencies to implement reform measures designed to weaken them consistently demonstrated a lack of will or vision by the state to enact "radical reform. Despite this, it is demonstrated that producer initiative for reform preempted state measures in all but one instance and that producers themselves were the greatest forces behind reform. Because many enterprises aggresively sought autonomy their actions indicated not simply perestroika but novostroika in that producers were forging new links amongst each other. Economic perestroika, then, was becoming not only active but interactive. Finally, because the reforms were clumsily handled by the state and obstructed by state agencies, it occurred that perestroika as given was most attractive to the economy's strongest enterprises while leaving those most in need of reform more attached to a weakened administrative system. Consequently, the reform process has been brought to a critical juncture: perestroika has demonstrated the promise of reform among its best producers but falls far short of actively and postitively enlisting all producers in the process of self-restructuring.


title: How to approach the question : should a critical thinking course be part of the ESL syllabus? Exploring possible associations between competencies in critical thinking and second language writing.

abstract: Drawing on Juergen Habarmas's (1984) concepts of rational and communicative action, the teaching of critical thinking and problem-solving skills is suggested as a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for making an accommodation between rational and moral viewpoints possible. This position may aid in countervailing excessive ideological influences of Left educational theorists (Critical Marxists, Postmodernists; critical thinking as class struggle) and Right educational theorists (critical thinking as technical problem-solving). It is suggested that rational and moral discursive skill training should be part of L1 and L2 curricula. However there is no conclusive evidence to support this evidence, nor are there methodologies with which to test a specific educational policy, topic, or practice as to beneficial and adverse affects. This thesis explores the feasibility of generating such evidence. A small exploratory study was conducted to find associations between informal logic competence and the writing ability of L2 students. Completed CAEL placement assays of 10 L2 students and 5 such assays written by a control group of LI English-speaking students were examined. The results suggest that such associations do exist, and that gander and ethnicity may have modifying influences on these relationships. It is concluded therefore, that mora extensive correlational research in this direction is justified, in preparation for a controlled intervention study, in which the affect of teaching informal logic on writing competence can be tasted and quantified.


title: The involvement of the Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation in the determination of curriculum policy, 1944-1976

abstract: This thesis examines the role of the Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation in the process of educational decision-making in Ontario. The analysis focuses upon the involvement and influence of the organization in the introduction of a series of major, province-wide curriculum programs of the past three decades. Particular attention is paid to the rapid growth of the education system in these years and its effects upon the federation's relationship with the Ministry of Education. Finally, the conclusions are discussed in the context of existing theory concerned with inter-organisational relations in changing environments.


title: Thermal performance representation and testing of air solar collectors

abstract: The present study focusses on the thermal performance representation and testing of air solar collectors with an emphasis on flowrate and leakage effects. The thermal efficiency was evaluated using two methods. In the first method, referred to as the oulet mass flowrate method, the efficiency is based on the product of the outlet mass flowrate, the air specific heat and the temperature rise across the collector. The second method, called the enthalpy balance method, is based on the first law of thermodynamics and takes into account all of the energy fluxes into or out of the collector. Both methods give the user all the information he needs as long as the inlet and outlet mass flowrates are reported. But it has to be recognized that each method of representation gives anomalous results depending on the type of leakage. For example, it is possible, in the outward leakage case, for the enthalpy balance method to give a positive efficiency even though there is no useful energy delivered. In the inward leakage case, the outlet mass flowrate method might give a negative efficiency even though the useful output energy is greater than the input energy. A "delivered" efficiency was defined to aid in applying results to real engineering systems and to better represent the energy truly delivered to the load. Experimentally, to take into account the effects of flowrate and leakage rate on the thermal performance of air solar collectors, it is proposed to test air solar collectors at two flowrates and three inlet gage pressures for each of these flowrates. The test facility should include inlet and outlet mass flowrate measurements and a dual-blower system to control the inlet pressure.


title: The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of gaseous ethylene oxide.

abstract: The kinetics of the pyrolysis of ethylene oxide gas has been studied, by a static method, at temperatures in the range 348.4°C. to 406.7°C. and at a pressure of 15 mm. The major decomposition products, as determined by gas chromatography, were hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane ethane, ketene and acetaldehyde. Very small amounts of methyl ketene dimer were also found. Isomerization of ethylene oxide to acetaldehyde also occurs on the reactor surface. Biradical intermediates seem to be involved both in the gas phase isomerization (in the transition state) and in the surface process (in the adsorbed state).The surface catalyzed isomerization and the observed inhibition of acetaldehyde production by the pyrolysis products are discussed theoretically. Finally activation energies and frequency factors are obtained for all four homogeneous primary processes.


title: Indirect ethical communication in the novel : Henry Fielding's Tom Jones

abstract: Operating on the Platonic assumption that man possesses truth within, Fielding developed as aesthetic which allows the ethically committed author to act upon his reader to bring this ethical potential into his consciousness. Fielding shifts the focal point of reader attention away from the level of character and action to the narrator and the process of writing. He replaces empathetic involvement with awareness of response by employing deliberate artificialities of form. These (like Brecht's "Alienation-effects") interrupt the reader's involved attention, allowing him to see through the action to larger patterns of reality behind. Fielding's avowed enemy is affectation, which he ridicules wherever it's found, attempting to remove the mists of false knowledge from his reader's eyes. He attacks affectation in the reader, encouraging him to make stock responses to problems, then demonstrating the ethical inadequacy of such responses. Fielding's comic aesthetic encourages the reader to make an inward turning, to recognize his natural potnetial for good within.


title: Wreckage trajectory analysis in aircraft accident investigation.

abstract: The findings of this paper show how the three velocity vectors and the spatial position of a disintegrated aircraft at the time of initial disintegration may be established from ground wreckage. Essentially, the method consists of finding, (1) an error function by using ground wreckage locations and characteristics; and, (2) the minimization of the error function. The parameters of initial velocity and height associated with the minimum error provide an estimate of the conditions existing prior to aircraft break up. The proposed method completely eliminates trajectory plotting and is entirely automatic where error calculation and minimization are concerned. A •trial-and-error' method is used to determine the best initial estimate for the minimization procedure. The minimization technique proceeds from this estimate and converges to the minimum error and its associated initial conditions. Minimization problems introduced by wreckage scatter are overcome by reducing the number of variables and/or by using several other possible initial estimates. The procedures for calculating the aircraft disintegration sequence based on known initial break-up conditions and the locating of objects which have separated from the aircraft are also described.  The methods depicted here have been programmed for a digital computer and have been tested using real examples. The results of the programs are in fair agreement with the findings established by previous authors, who used manual and/or observational methods.


title: Free economic zones in the former USSR and the RSFSR during the Perestroika and post-Perestroika period of economic reform

abstract: Soviet economists first became interested in the concept of Export Processing Zones in their search for a means to facilitate foreign investment in their economy. The Russian conception, most commonly expressed as Free Economic Zones (FEZs), was rapidly viewed as a "pre-market mechanism" that would serve to enhance economic growth, expand foreign economic relations and facilitate the transition to a market economy. This thesis examines the FEZ'S from a Soviet/Russian perspective, utilizing primary Russian sources, in an attempt to determine possible reasons for the failure of the zones to progress as originally conceived. To accomplish this, a political-economy approach is employed to analyze the key issues underlying the adoption and adaptation of the FEZ concept, as well as the areas of greatest contention surrounding the establishment of the zones in the former USSR. It is concluded that the FEZ reform effectively remained stuck in the planning stages for a number of inter-related factors. The failure of the central authorities to reach a consensus on the form and functioning of the zones in their country inhibited attempts to produce clear and comprehensive legislation. As was the case with many other reforms of the period, the ongoing struggles between diverse political, economic, ideological and national/ethnic interest groups greatly influenced the way in which the zone concept evolved. These conflicts, together with the resulting rapid pace of reforms and events, played a large role in the ultimate failure of the zones to move far past the planning stages.


title: Mi'kmaq-Basque contact in the 16th century

abstract: This thesis attempts to situate and reconstruct the cross-cultural encounter between Basque fishermen and Mi'kmaq in the 16th and early 17th centuries before the first permanent settlements of Europeans were established in "Canada." Basque- Mi'kmaq contact constitutes one of the earliest forms of regular contacts between Europeans and Indigenous peoples in this country. To provide a clearer picture of the nature of contact between Mi'kmaq and Basques five centuries ago, an overview of their histories and cultures prior to contact and at the time of contact, as well as evidence of contact itself, is given. This evidence is based on ethnohistorical, historical, archival, cartographical, archaeological, linguistic and oral historical sources. The author argues that given that this contact was seasonal, and that Basques were off the shores of Mikmaki to fish, not to settle or initially to trade, this contact was different to most European-Amerindian contacts. The thesis is written in the larger context of growing interest in the social sciences in cross-cultural contact as well as the re-examining and re-writing of established histories.


title: Vocal communication and social behavior of the little brown bat, myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera : Vespertilionidae)

abstract: The vocal repertoire of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, was compiled through field studies of vocalizations and their behavioural contexts. Mating and hibernation were observed at an abandoned mine and feeding, maternal and night roost behaviours were studied at several sites. A total of ten call-types was distinguished, including echolocation pulses which may be used in social and orientation contexts. The remaining vocalizations were given in three main contexts: agonistic, mating and mother-young interactions. Four calls, including three audible, broad band ones, are associated with both inter- and intra-specific agonistic situations, and may form a graded continuum. Two vocalizations are used in mother-infant reunion and identification. A very discrete call, emitted by the male during copulation, likely serves as a pacification signal directed towards the female. This is one of the few reported discrete, situation-specific mammalian vocalizations. The size of the vocal repertoire of M. lucifugus is small when compared to other species of mammals, a fact probably related to the simple social system typical of this species.


title: The application of social carrying capacity parameters to the recreational planning of lake environments : a case study of two lakes in Northern Ontario

abstract: This research focuses on the problem of formulating and integrating social carrying capacity parameters into the comprehensive recreational planning of lake environments. Firstly, the theoretical principles of the carrying capacity concept are presented, and their applicability to the field of recreation land use management is discussed. The three essential components of recreational carrying capacity are outlined with emphasis placed on the role of social carrying capacity parameters. Past research, which has utilized user attitudes and perceptions to produce estimates of social carrying capacity, is reviewed. The underlying factors which affect the process by which recreationists perceive the quality of the recreational environment and their recreational experience are also explored. Utilizing the lake planning methodology developed by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, an assessment is made of the physical carrying capacities of two recreationally developed lakes (cottage-oriented) near Sault Ste. Marie in Northern Ontario - Trout and Diamond Lakes. The administration of a perceptions and attitudes survey questionnaire to lake residents at these two study lakes made possible the estimation of social recreation carrying capacity parameters and indices, based on users’ responses. The report concludes with a comparison between the physical and social carrying capacity parameters estimated for each lake. An assessment is made regarding the utility of formulating and incorporating a social carrying capacity component in the lake planning process. The importance of determining the social carrying capacity of a recreational lake environment is stressed, and recommendations for further research in this area are proposed.


title: Permeability of a segmented polyether-polyurethane to decamethyltetrasiloxane into bovine blood

abstract: Designing a reliable and effective ventricular assist device (VAD) presents many technical challenges. Problems include anatomical fit, sepsis, reliability, durability, low heat dissipation, high efficiency, minimal maintenance and monitoring. The HeartSaver VAD™ currently being developed by the Cardiovascular Devices Division of the University of Ottawa Heart Institute and World Heart Corporation is an innovative, new design which overcomes many of the technical challenges inherent to previous VAD designs. The current design concept uses silicone oil as a hydraulic fluid to displace a flexible polyurethane diaphragm which pumps blood out of the device. This design concept overcomes some difficult problems with VAD design. However, it also raises questions relating to the fact that polyurethanes are typically highly permeable materials and the loss of hydraulic fluid may adversely effect the performance of the VAD. This thesis documents an investigation into the permeability of silicone oil (decamethyltetrasiloxane) through a polymer diaphragm (Biospan - a segmented polyether-polyurethane) into whole bovine blood. The development of a test apparatus to determine the permeability rate of silicone oil through the diaphragm and a simple method for determining the diffusion coefficient of candidate biomaterials are presented. A method to extract silicone oil from whole blood for gas chromatography/mass spectrum (GC/MS) analysis is also discussed. The results from the experiments show that the silicone oil/polyurethane/whole blood system has a permeability coefficient of 4.1x10"n cm2/s, a diffusion coefficient of 3.1xl0"08 cm2/s and a solubility coefficient of .0013. Using these values (which are specific only for the test model) the loss of silicone oil through a 60.5 cm2 diaphragm with a thickness of .060 cm over one year would be 1.31 ml. The total volume of hydraulic fluid in the device is approximately 295 ml and the loss of 1.31 ml during a year is insignificant. The thesis concluded that analysis of blood for silicone oil contamination can be performed using GC/MS. Silicone oil does permeate through segmented polyetherrpolyurethanes at a slow rate.


title: Investigating adaptive decisional processes : effects of stimulus difficulty context

abstract: Until now, decisional research, and decisional models, have focused on response criterion, response bias, and stimulus discriminability as the sole factors that motivate decisional performance changes. The findings of the current study suggest that, in addition to these 'antagonists', the effects of stimulus difficulty context must also be viewed as a factor that induces systematic performance adaptation. A general review of the response time-probability literature provides a basis for the evaluation of recent decisional models in terms of their ability to account for known performance changes. Finally, two studies involving comparisons of horizontal visual extent were undertaken in order to quantify the effects of decisional context. In experiment 1, it was found that response times were longer, and accuracy and confidence higher, for 'target' pairs embedded in a difficult as compared with an easy context of remaining stimulus pairs. In experiment 2, after establishing baseline performance on 'target' pairs embedded in a relatively easy subset of remaining pairs, subjects were shifted to a context with a preponderance of very difficult remaining pairs. Response time increased and confidence decreased for the 'target' pairs for subjects working under a payoff scheme emphasizing accuracy. However, response time, confidence, and accuracy decreased following the context shift for subjects working under a strict 450 msec deadline. The results are discussed with respect to the predictions of Vickers' (1970;1979) adaptive model of decision; the one model found to be sufficiently comprehensive to describe dynamic and adaptive decisional processes.


title: Canada and the Berne Convention, 1886-1971 / Sara Bannerman

abstract: The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works was established in 1886 as the world's first multilateral copyright treaty and still acts as the cornerstone of international copyright protection today. This dissertation covers Canada's history with the Berne Convention from 1886 to its last revision in 1971. Canada quietly joined the Berne Convention in 1886 as a British colony before attempting to denounce the treaty in 1889. Canada would have been the first country to withdraw from the Berne Union, and fears that such an action would destroy the nascent copyright union led the British government to use its Imperial control to prevent Canada's withdrawal. Canada eventually joined the Union as a full-fledged signatory in the 1920s. Canada's relationship to the Berne Convention continued to be conflicted, however: Canada refused to implement the 1948 revision of the treaty and was largely disengaged from the Berne Union up to the late 1960s. Debates in the late 1960s and early 1970s regarding the place of developing countries within the Union then sparked Canada's reengagement with Berne Union activities, although Canada did not accede to the most recent 1971 revision of the Berne Convention until 1998. The path of Canadian international copyright has been, in part, a product of the norms, institutions and policies of Canadian foreign relations. Canada's history with the Berne Convention can be viewed as the struggle of a former British colony to find a place within the international system - a struggle to project an image of Canada that accommodated the desire to be engaged in a community of the most powerful nations while also reflecting the reality of a country that was a net copyright importer with a relatively small creative industry. Canada's international copyright policy was used as a vehicle to project an image of Canada to the international community - to portray Canada as a British dominion, a sovereign country, a good international citizen, a developed-and-developing country, and a middle power.


title: Electron beam melting as a purification technique

abstract: The heating and fusion of materials by electron bombardment has been studied for over half a century. Only recently have attempts been made to utilize the extremely high power densities of electron beam systems on an industrial scale. This thesis discusses the usefulness of electron beam melting in the refining of metals. A particular process for treating arc melted zirconium ingots is described in detail. The objective of the research is to contribute to the growth of electron beam melting technology by developing a process of immediate practical importance.


title: The Class D amplifier, with reference to its use as an oscillator

abstract: This thesis examines the Class D tuned amplifier, emphasizing the factors which govern its use as a Class D power oscillator. The relative merits of the voltage-switched and current-switched modes for use in an oscillator are discussed. The most desirable properties are exhibited by the current-switched mode, therefore the current-switched amplifier is examined as a basis for the oscillator circuit. A comparison of sinusoidal drive and quasi-voltage drive for the current-switched amplifier illustrates the improved collector current rise time capability of the quasi-voltage drive. Factors such as saturation voltage, base storage time, current rise time, and passive collector circuit components are investigated to determine their effect on the overall efficiency of the quasi-voltage driven amplifier. It is shown the effect of long storage time may be neutralized by delay time and that rise and fall times are short and relatively unimportant. Saturation voltage and tuned circuit losses are shown to present the major efficiency limitation both at higher powers and higher frequencies. It is demonstrated that the phase lag caused by storage time and rise time must be compensated if the Class D oscillator is to be efficient.


title: Search for further genetic variation at five second chromosome loci in Drosophila melanogaster

abstract: Recently a variety of electrophoretic techniques have been used to detect variation not apparent under standard conditions of electrophoresis. This additional variation has been found at the highly polymorphic xanthine dehydrogenase, esterase-5, and aldehyde oxidase loci in Drosophila pseudoobscura and D.persimilis. The present study examined five second chromosome loci in D.melanogaster to determine whether further allelic variation could be revealed for these much less polymorphic loci. A sequential electrophoretic survey, using different buffer pH's and polyacrylamide gel concentrations, was performed on the monomorphic malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (Got) loci, and the polymorphic pC-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (p^-Gpdh) , alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) , and hexokinase (Hex-3) loci. A total of 163 lines isochromosomal for the second chromosome were examined. No additional allelic variation could be detected at any of these loci. In addition, the Adh locus was examined in a series of gel concentrations ranging from 4% to 10%; Ferguson plot parameters for 52 isochromosomal lines were compared by means of 95% confidence ellipses for the Kr-Mo points and also by estimating error envelopes for the Kr-MidY values. No further variation was uncovered. These findings are in contrast to the presence of abundant hidden variation at highly polymorphic loci, and reasons for the lack of variation at these loci are discussed in terms of the structure and function of the enzymes. Certain reservations are expressed regarding the use of Ferguson plot analysis.


title: Low-dose radiography by flying x-ray spot scanning (Lisar).

abstract: Low-dose radiography can be achieved with flying x-ray spot scanning. An apparatus named 'LISAR', for Low-Intensity Scanning Apparatus for Radiography, was designed and built for the purpose of producing low-dose radiographs. The x-ray photon detection system uses a sodium iodide (thallium activated) crystal coupled to a photomultiplier tube resulting in an x-ray photon detection efficiency near 100%. Radiographs have been produced where the radiation dose given to the subject was as low as 6 urad. This thesis describes the theory and application of flying-spot scanning to low-dose radiography and the design of the LISAR.


title: Towards educational equity : an orientation package designed by students at the Carleton University School of Social Work by Heather Baker and Alexandra Salamis.

abstract: This project is an exploration of how the Carleton University School of Social Work can translate its new Educational Equity Mission Statement into practice, by focusing on the support needs of new students. A Participatory Action Research framework was chosen to identify methods which would change the process and content of orientation to the School. This involved the participation of second year students in a process which enabled the group to implement action plans. The implemented action plans included: providing information on resources and knowledge about structural inequalities; linking graduate students with undergraduate students to encourage them to explore their own self-determination; providing documentation regarding the history of the School, student activism and the histories and cultural perspectives of marginalized people; and providing a buddy list to encourage contact between students. The overall evaluation of the process found that the lack of time and resources proved to be problematic throughout the project. The facilitators and second year students felt satisfied with having welcomed the new students in an empowering way. The new students confirmed that all the information provided was found to be useful. Final recommendations include how students can continue to work towards structural change.


title: Sense organs on the antennal flagellum and certain mouthparts of three cerambycids (Insecta, Coleoptera)

abstract: The sense organs on the antennae, mandilbes, labrum, labial palps and maxillary palps of Neoclytus muricatulus muricatulus (Kby.), Acmaeops proteus (Kby.) and Xylotrechus undulatus (Say) were studied with light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes to determine the types, distribution and innervation of the various types of sensilla. There are three types of sensilla on the mandibles and labrum; sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea, and sensilla campaniformia. The labial and maxillary palps have sensilla chaetica and sensilla trichodea along the sides of the palp subsegments and near the intersegmental membrane between each subsegment. A sensory plate, containing several hundred sensilla basiconica, is situated on the tip of each palp. Dome-shaped organs are located around the periphery of the sensory plate. The antennae possess the greatest variety and number of sensilla. Thirteen types of sensilla are distributed over the surface of the antennae. Both, the sensilla trichodea and sensilla basiconica are chemoreceptors and the sensilla chaetica are mechanoreceptors. Dome-shaped sense organs, that are probably sensilla campaniformia, were found. The sensilla chaetica are thick-walled and innervated by one sensory neuron. Sensilla trichodea have a terminal pore with the dendrites of the sensory neurons situated just below the pore. The sensilla basiconica are thin-walled pegs with many pores perforating the surface of the peg. The dendrites in the lumen of the basiconic peg branch out to all of the pores. Each type of sensillum is innervated by a specific number of neurons. Trichogen and tormogen cells are associated with each sensillum.


title: Pulse shaping and intersymbol interference.

abstract: A study is made of the relationship between pulse shaping and intersymbol interference, in a pulse communication system, where the message is represented by a pulse train of infinite length with random pulse polarity. Pour received pulse signal shapes are derived by sending rectangular and raised cosine pulses through first and second order channels with d.c. gains of unity. Additive white noise is assumed throughout the study. A comparison is made of three receivers using signal-noise (power) ratio (SNR) as the performance criterion. The receivers are the ordinary matched filter followed by a sampler, the ideal (i.e. optimum) receiver which includes a sampled-data intersymbol interference compensator, and an approximation to the ideal receiver, in which the ^compensator is a digital tapped delay line with 3 taps. Five cases are covered: minimization of channel bandwidth, under constraints of constant average transmitter power, and constant pulse amplitude (peak power); maximization of pulse repetition rate, under the same two constraints; and constant received signal power. The study shows that the raised cosine pulse gives slightly better SNR and requires less channel bandwidth than the rectangular, under the constant average power constraint, while the rectangular pulse is better under the constant pulse amplitude constraint. Pulse repetition rate may be increased up to two times by use of the 3-tap receiver and appropriate signal shape. The benefits to be realized from guard spaces between transmitted pulses, or overlapping of transmitted pulses, are amply demonstrated. In many instances, the performance of the 3-tap receiver closely approaches that of the ideal, indicating that it may be a useful practical approximation to the ideal receiver.


title: Stressor induced variations of mesolimbic and mesocortical intracranial self-stimulation in the DBA/2J mouse strains : therapeutic and prophylactic effects of antidepressant administration

abstract: The appearance of ICSS alterations following acute shock exposure provides further support for the contention that neurochemical systems which contribute to motivational/reward states in the mesolimbic/mesocortical system are influenced by exposure to uncontrollable stressors. The provocation of response alterations in the ICSS paradigm in the DBA/2J mice, a strain which has been demonstrated to be uninfluenced by stressor application in the shuttle escape paradigm is consistent with the view that mouse strains vary in behavioral vulnerability to stressors, presumably as a result of strain specific variability in neurochemical alterations. Taken together, these data suggest that although pharmacological intervention with a particular agent may be ineffective in alleviating behavioral disruption, a combined antidepressant therapy which may effect neurochemical lability in a cascading fashion might ameliorate stressor provoked performance alterations.


title: "Without carving how would I survive?" : Economic motivation and its significance in contemporary Inuit art

abstract: To date, art historians who specialize in contemporary Inuit art have minimized or disregarded the economic significance Inuit art has for its producers. Although economic factors of Inuit art production have been treated as irrelevant in most art historical inquiries, Inuit artists say that financial remuneration is essential to their art production. Based on interviews conducted with artists living in Cape Dorset, this thesis demonstrates that to varying degrees, economic incentives affect what and why an artist produces. Since art history concerns itself with why an artwork looks the way it does, financial considerations should be an important factor in art historical analyses of contemporary Inuit art.


title: The effects of the parent/child relationship on children's adjustment in mother-led and two parent families

abstract: The purpose of the present research was to study family structure (divorced or intact) and family process variables (the parent/child relationship) in order to identify factors related to children's adjustment. Data were collected from children and parents in 28 two parent and 29 mother custody families. Structured interviews were conducted with children between nine to thirteen years of age. The Bricklin Perceptual Scales and the Family Relations Test were used to assess a child's perception of his/her mother and father. Self-report measures of self-esteem and loneliness, and parent-report measures of internalizing and externalizing behaviours were used to assess children's adjustment. Demographic information on parental levels of education, occupation and income was obtained from the two groups. Three questions related to marital separation were investigated. The first question was whether family type significantly affected children's adjustment. MANOVAs revealed no significant difference between children in single parent and two parent families on self-esteem and loneliness. There were significant differences on parents' ratings of children's behaviour; however, these differences were not significant after statistically controlling for income level. The second question addressed in the current research was whether children's adjustment could be predicted from the mother/child and father/child relationship. Children's adjustment was significantly predicted from the mother/child, but not the father/child relationship. Finally, the association between the parent/child relationship and children's adjustment was examined separately for boys and girls. Boys' self-esteem was highly correlated with the father/child relationship. Girls' self-esteem and loneliness were correlated with the competency of their mothers and the supportiveness of their mothers. The present findings suggest that children's adjustment is related to family process variables rather than family structure. The implications of the present study and suggestions for future research are discussed.