title: A METHODOLOGY TO INFORM NEIGHBOURHOOD-SCALE WATER QUALITY INTERVENTIONS IN RURAL SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

contributor:
Dickson, Sarah E
Elliott, Susan
Civil Engineering

subject:
water
sanitation
hygiene
health
microbiology
community
risk assessment
African Studies
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Public Health
Geographic Information Sciences
Human Geography
African Studies

abstract:
Diarrhoea due to the consumption of unsafe drinking water is a major cause of death worldwide, despite many small and large-scale water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention programs and policy processes. Many Sub-Saharan African communities have relied on WASH interventions by governmental and non-governmental organizations to reduce the burden of diarrhoeal diseases, however they often fail to be sustainable.

Safe drinking water is achieved by protecting/treating water at all points along the drinking water supply chain (DWSC), from the source to the point-of-use. Gathering data on the sanitary environment and microbiological quality of water along the DWSC can support the design of water quality interventions. In addition, an examination of the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of local people on WASH topics could support the design of more socioculturally relevant interventions. The purpose of this research was to develop and pilot a simple yet economical and robust method to inform more socioculturally relevant water quality interventions in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, and to test whether variation in the risks existed at the neighbourhood-scale within three neighbourhoods of a single community in rural Kenya.

The results of this study demonstrated that practices, which affect water quality in the DWSC, varied at the neighbourhood-scale. For example, source water quality was poor in the three study neighbourhoods, however the hazards and contaminating practices that posed a risk to water quality varied (i.e., bathing, toileting, laundry). Household water quality was also poor and at risk in all three neighbourhoods, however the practices that represented a risk to household water quality varied (e.g. storage conditions, sanitation practices). Female water collectors were knowledgeable on the causes of diarrhoea, however their preferred approaches toward WASH intervention approaches varied by neighbourhood. The collection and analysis of neighbourhood-scale social and environmental WASH data is therefore recommended for the prioritization and design of appropriate interventions to improve water quality.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: RESPONSIVE POLYMER-GRAFTED CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS FROM CERIC (IV) ION-INITIATED POLYMERIZATION

contributor:
Cranston, Emily
Shiping Zhu, Michael Thompson
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Polymer Science
Polymer Science

abstract:
In recent years, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) isolated from natural cellulosic sources through an acid hydrolysis treatment have garnered significant interest in both academia and industry. CNCs have attracted attention not only because they stem from an abundant, renewable resource and are biodegradable, but also because of their low density, light weight, high aspect ratio, high tensile strength and a specific Young’s modulus comparable to steel and Kevlar. These properties make CNCs ideal for use as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites, as well as stabilizing agents in foams and gels. However, due to the high surface area and hydrophilic nature of CNCs, unmodified nanocrystals are difficult to disperse in non-polar materials. The lack of interfacial compatibility between components causes CNCs to agglomerate and thus their incorporation into conventional polymer matrices has been challenging at best, and unsatisfactory in most cases.

In this work, CNCs have been rendered pH and temperature-responsive by surface-initiated graft polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine and N-isopropylacrylamide, respectively, using ceric (IV) ammonium nitrate as the initiator. The resultant suspensions of poly(4-vinylpyridine)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (P4VP-g-CNCs) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (PNIPAM-g-CNCs) show reversible hydrophilic to hydrophobic responses with changes in pH and temperature, respectively. The presence of grafted polymer and the tunable hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, electrophoretic mobility, mass spectrometry, transmittance spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, thermal analysis and various microscopies.

The intention of this work has been to shift towards more industrially viable surface modification routes for CNCs by using a one-pot, water-based synthesis to produce a low cost and functional nanomaterial. Moreover, sonication is used throughout the polymerization reaction to avoid particle aggregation and ensure that individual CNCs are surface-functionalized. As a result, reproducible and uniform material properties have been measured in both suspensions and films of modified CNCs. The responsive nature of P4VP-g-CNCs and PNIPAM-g-CNCs may offer new applications for cellulose nanocrystals in hydrophobic nanocomposites, biomedical devices, as clarifying agents, and in industrial separation processes.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Studies on Purification and Properties of Some Halophilic Enzymes

contributor:
Bayley, S.T.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
The methods of affinity chromatography, heat treatment, and chromatography on agarose with (NH4)2SO4 were used in the presence of high salt concentrations to purify halophilic enzymes. The emphasis was on the purification of tryptophanase and tryptophanyl-tRNA ligase.

Tryptophanyl-tRNA ligase was purified to homogeneity and its molecular weight and amino acid composition was determined. Its kinetic properties were examined. The properties of this halophilic enzyme were compared to the properties reported for non-halophilic tryptophanyl-tRNA ligases.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Role of Islam in the Construction of the Foreign Economic Relations of the Republic of Indonesia

contributor: Political Science - International Relations

subject:
Indonesia
Islam
Foreign Economic Relations
British IPE
International Relations
International Relations

abstract: American IPE has traditionally marginalized the role that social forces, and particularly religion, have played in the construction of the international political economy. This dissertation is an examination into the foreign economic relations of the Republic of Indonesia from the perspective of the British school of International Political Economy (IPE). British IPE is used to critically assess what role, if any, the religion of Islam has had in the construction of Indonesia’s foreign economic relations. This research demonstrates that Islamic social forces have influenced the political debates that construct Indonesia’s foreign economic relationships. Mainstream Islamic organizations pushed the state to engage with international institutions of trade and finance throughout the pre-independence period when Indonesian national identity was being forged, as well as during the parliamentary democracy that followed independence, and into Sukarno’s “Guided Democracy.” The trend from the Suharto era to the early twenty-first has been the appropriation of Islamic discourse by the state to legitimize its economic policies of engagement with the international political economy. Firstly, this dissertation challenges the dismissal of religious social forces as a salient dimension of the international political economy that is implicit to the American school of IPE. Secondly, the findings of this dissertation challenge the narratives of mainstream International Relations (IR) theory that interprets political Islam as a destabilizing force in international order.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: PROBING ALLOSTERY IN THE EXCHANGE PROTEIN DIRECTLY ACTIVATED BY cAMP (EPAC) USING NMR SPECTROSCOPY

contributor:
Melacini, Giuseppe
Chemical Biology

subject: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

subject: EPAC (Exchange protein activated by cAMP)

subject: cGMP

subject: covariance

subject: singular value decomposition

subject: allostery

subject: Biochemistry

subject: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology

subject: Biophysics

subject: Multivariate Analysis

subject: Structural Biology

subject: Biochemistry

abstract: Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) are guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the small GTPases, Rap1 and Rap2. The central regulatory module of EPAC is a cAMP binding domain (CBD), which in the absence of cAMP provides auto-inhibition of the catalytic guanine nucleotide exchange activity. Binding of the allosteric effector, cAMP, removes the auto-inhibition exerted by the CBD of EPAC. Herein, we investigate through NMR spectroscopy the structural and dynamical basis of auto-inhibition and cAMP-dependent allosteric activation in the CBD of EPAC. Specifically, the work described in this dissertation proposes novel methods that utilize NMR chemical shifts to define the network of residues that mediates long-range intra-molecular signalling, i.e. the chemical shift covariance analysis (CHESCA) and the chemical shift projection analysis (CHESPA). Using CHESCA as explained in Chapter 2, we identified an allosteric network that bridges the sites of cAMP-binding and cAMP-dependent structural changes to those of cAMP-dependent dynamical changes, which are critical for the release of auto-inhibition. The CHESCA results therefore rationalize how cAMP leads to activation through modulation of both structure and dynamics. In order to dissect the determinants of auto-inhibition in the absence of cAMP, several mutations along the signaling pathways identified by CHESCA were implemented and their effect on the auto-inhibitory conformational equilibrium of the apo-CBD was assessed through CHESPA, as outlined in Chapters 3 and 4. Overall, we have shown how CHESCA and CHESPA provide unprecedented insight into the allosteric networks underlying auto-inhibition and cAMP dependent activation in the CBD of EPAC. In addition, the methods employed here to map EPAC allostery are likely to be generally applicable to other systems.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: NOVEL PET BLOCK DETECTOR DESIGN FOR SIMULTANEOUS PET/MR IMAGING

contributor:
Peng, Hao
Jamal Deen, Troy Farncombe
Biomedical Engineering

subject:
Nuclear Medical Imaging
Scintillation Detector
Medical Physics
Biomedical devices and instrumentation
Biomedical devices and instrumentation

abstract: We investigated the use of multiplexing and an electro-optical coupling system in the design of magnetic resonance compatible positron emission tomography (PET) detectors. Reducing the number of output channels is an effective way to minimize cost and complexity and complements the substitution of coaxial cables for fiber optics. In this work, we first compared the system performance of two multiplexing schemes using both simulation and experimental studies. Simulations were performed using the LTSPICE environment to investigate differences in resulting flood histograms and rising edge slopes. Experiments were performed using Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals of coupled to a SensL ArraySL-4 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) connected to interchangeable circuit boards containing the two multiplexing schemes of interest. Three crystal configurations were tested: single crystal element (3x3x20 mm3), 2x2 array (crystal pitch: 3x3x20 mm3) and 6x6 array (crystal pitch: 2.1x2.1x20 mm3). Good agreement was found between the simulations and experiment results. The capacitive multiplexer is able to achieve improved time resolution of good uniformity (average of 1.11±0.01ns and 1.90±0.03ns for the arrays, respectively) and crystal separation, compared to the resistive multiplexing (average of 1.95±0.03ns and 3.33±0.10ns). The resistive multiplexing demonstrates slightly improved energy resolution (11±0.1% and 22±0.6%, compared to 12±0.1% and 24±0.4% for the capacitive array). The relevancy of this work to the PET block detector design using SiPM arrays is also discussed, including light sharing, edge compression and gain variation among SiPM pixels. This work also examines the effect of the electro-optical coupling system by comparing the system performance between cases with and without it. The coupling system is found to adversely affect performance, increasing global energy resolution by ~6%, average timing resolution by ~120% and distorting the flood histogram.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: THREE ESSAYS ON BANK LENDING AND CORPORATE FINANCE

contributor:
Qiu, Jiaping
Chan, Luke
Miu, Peter
Business

subject:
Bank lending
executive compensation
managerial incentives
investments
cash flows
cash holdings
Corporate Finance
Finance and Financial Management
Corporate Finance

abstract:
This thesis includes three essays on several important topics in empirical finance: Chief Executive Officer (CEO) risk-taking incentives, the cost and syndicate structure of bank loans and corporate investments with internal funds. This thesis contributes to these aspects of finance literature and the three essays are presented in Chapter 2, 3 and 4.

The first essay investigates how implicit contractual relationship between creditors and borrowers attenuates the conflict of interest between creditors and shareholders that arises from CEO compensation contracts when a corporation can be considered a nexus of explicit and implicit contractual relationships among stakeholders. We find that bank loans for firms with CEOs who are provided with risk-taking incentives have higher spreads and shorter maturities. A relationship between the lender and its borrower mitigates the influence of incentives for CEO risk-taking on loan spread and loan maturity. Such a relationship is especially beneficial for informationally opaque firms. The results are robust to the endogeneity of relationships and the simultaneous determination of loan spread, loan maturity and collateral requirements. Our results highlight the importance of the interaction between explicit and implicit contractual relationships to a firm’s borrowing cost.

The second essay investigates the effects of a borrowing firm’s CEO risk-taking incentives on the structure of the firm’s syndicated loans. The conflict of interest between creditors and shareholders arising from CEO risk-taking incentives is a major concern of borrower moral hazard for syndicate lenders, which require intensive monitoring by lead arrangers in a syndicate. When CEO risk-taking incentives are high, syndicates are structured to facilitate better due diligence and monitoring efforts. These syndicates have a smaller number of total lenders and are more concentrated, and lead arrangers will retain a greater portion of the loan. Moreover, we examine the factors that affect the link between CEO risk-taking incentives and syndicate loan structure. CEO risk-taking incentives have a lesser effect on the syndicate structure when lead arrangers have a good reputation and have a prior lending relationship with a borrowing firm. By contrast, CEO risk-taking incentives have a greater influence on syndicate structure when borrowing firms are informationally opaque, are financially distressed or have low growth prospects.

The third essay studies corporate investments with internal funds when firms face real investment friction using a sample of U.S. oil companies from 2003 to 2011 before and after the 2008 financial crisis. We show that firms’ capital expenditures are more sensitive to their lagged cash holdings than to their contemporaneous cash flows. By making investments with realized cash holdings, firms can avoid the investment adjustment costs that are incurred when investing with uncertain cash flows. We also show that cash flow policies are affected by liquidity constraints following the 2008 financial crisis: firms build up more cash reserves from cash flows, cut back payouts and raise more debt to maintain cash holdings.

abstract: Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)


title: The Theocentric Theology of Peter Taylor Forsyth

contributor:
Robertson, John C.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The British Congregationalist theologian Peter Taylor Forsyth (1848-1921) attempted to formulate a consciously theocentric theology during the height of Protestant liberalism. He did so in opposition to the two traditions which, he believed, contributed to the liberal outlook -- rationalism which stressed the autonomy of reason and was manifested in the rise of historical criticism)and romanticism which stressed the autonomy of subjective feeling and was prevalent in popular piety. Both these tendencies were anthropocentric. They took as their point of departure human religious aspirations rather than the sovereignty and holiness of God.

Holiness is the central category in Forsyth's theology. It defines the other concepts such as grace, redemption and reconciliation. Forsyth attempted to understand holiness in terms relevant to peculiar conditions of modern consciousness. He did so primarily by dealing with Christian experience as the encounter between the two personalities and wills -- the holy will of God and the sinful human will.

Forsyth responded to what he considered to be the illegitimate claims of historical method by developing a dogmatic method. This method, in turn, was applied to the major problem raised by historical consciousness, namely, the person and nature of Jesus Christ. Christology, according to Forsyth's method, is centred on the atoning work of Christ, not on the historical Jesus.

At the same time, Forsyth considered experience indispensable. He attempted to define experience theocentrically as the result of the encounter with the holiness and grace of God, not of a "religious a priori."

Forsyth's theology suffers from conceptual confusion at several key points, especially in his Christology. However, he has made an important contribution to contemporary Christian thought by reorienting theology towards the objective holiness of God. By providing an alternative to liberalism on the one hand and Protestant orthodoxy on the other, he anticipated many of the issues that preoccupied Protestant thought following the First World War.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: International Transmission of Stabilization Policies

contributor:
Scarth, W.M.
Anderson, G.J.
Burbidge, J.B.
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract:
The interdependence of economic policies under flexible exchange rates has (finally) come to be accepted as a fact. As world markets have evolved from national markets into an internationally efficient system, the ability of governments to isolate their economies from international disturbances has decreased dramatically. That is, in today's highly integrated world economic system, economic authorities must come to terms with the economic interdependence of the system.

This study consists of three essays on open economy macroeconomics. In each of these essays we focus our attention on different channels through which the effects of stabilization policies are transmitted internationally. In the first essay we construct an "extended" small open economy model (the rest of the world is explicitly modelled, but unlike the two country models the small country has no impact on the rest of the world), which recognizes the interdependence of rest of the world variables that are considered exogenous by the small country. We use this model in order to investigate the properties of five monetary policy rules (i.e., a fixed rate of monetary growth rule, a fixed nominal exchange rate rule, a nominal income rule, an inflation rate rule,and a fixed real exchange rate rule) in response to permanent monetary and fiscal disturbances in the rest of the world. Our major finding is that nominal income and inflation rate rules can be very effective in preventing any output and price deviations from their steady-state values, whereas pegging the real exchange rate is not a feasible policy when foreign disturbances affect the equilibrium real interest rate.

The second essay examines stabilization policy options for some of the European Economic Community countries by considering a two-country currency area model involving floating exchange rates with the rest of the world and real wage rigidity within the currency area. Recognition of the supply-side effects of the exchange rate in this model yields conclusions which differ markedly from the existing results concerning beggar-my-neighbour effects between currency area countries. Moreover, both currency area countries are adversely affected by a foreign interest rate hike.

The third essay preserves the three country (the two currency area countries and the rest of the world) setting of the second essay, but now the emphasis is on the short-run interdependence of monetary policies (i.e., open market operations) between the currency area's central banks. The portfolio balance model is used to show how the conventional results encountered in the one and two country models need to be qualified once the responses of the one of the currency area's central banks both to policy actions by the other currency area central bank and to exogenous disturbances are taken into account.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Canadian State and Staples: An Ear to Washington

contributor:
Clement, Wallace
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
Canada has long been viewed by social scientists as either an advanced industrial society or as a dependent neo-colony. Neither of these two frameworks were deemed appropriate for contemporary analysis of the peculiarity of Canadian development based on a new kind of staple and the role of the state in that process. Both advanced and dependent features are apparent in the Canadian case; both autonomy and the lack of it characterize the Canadian state's role in development. Canadian integration into the world system, and more specifically within the North American continental context, has produced a "semi-industrial", unevenly developed society which continues to provide primary resources to more advanced industrialized societies while exporting manufactures on a "go-between" basis to less developed ones. It remains a captive of the staples trap. As Canada has industrialized, new "industrial staples"--semi-fabricated energy, mine, and forest resources in particular--have become a peculiar core of indigenous production, a critical link in its dependency vis-à-vis the United States, and the material basis of a continental development of industrial resources in the postwar era. These new staples and the role of the Canadian state in facilitating their corporate growth are key in understanding the peculiarity of Canada's "semi-industrial", dependent development in a more general sense. The core of the thesis examines in detail the state's role in the postwar development of three industrial product sectors: mine, energy, and forest staples,by way of a series of hypotheses concerning the characteristics of the state's role. The data base consists of archival materials drawn from the federal civil service and from various continental and international forums concerning resources.

An overall strategy on the part of the state which maintains and facilitates "continental industrial resource capitalism" in Canada is identified. This strategy is characterized by an "ear to Washington" stance on the part of Canadian policy makers and a "coattailing" of U.S. foreign and domestic policy regarding the priorities of resource development. Beyond the simple presence in productive sectors of massive amounts of U.s. direct investment and the power exerted by large multinational corporate entities on their own, the Canadian state plays a crucial, and previously inadequately described, role in the continuation of such dependent development. The thesis examines important elements of the socio-political maintenance and facilitation of such a continental resource policy within the federal bureaucracy and by way of its representations to the United States and its activities in furthering the international interests of resource capital. The Canadian state is found to reflect unequally the interests of u.s. and Canadian corporations both large and small within the three resource sectors in question. An examination of the interplay between resource strategies and the increasing concentration and centralization of control over capital and technology in the internationalized corporate capitalist phase indicates that in all three cases the Canadian state has fostered the growth of monopolistic corporations at the expense of smaller, predominantly competitive corporations. Canadian resource firms are not fostered as an alternative to development of resources by international capital. Nor does state participation in large-scale resource development projects act as a countervailing force vis-à-vis foreign capital, but rather is complementary to it and underwrites its risks. The state has not attempted to maintain a check on monopoly in these sectors but has, on the contrary, substantially facilitated its growth.

The evidence thus challenges several current characterizations of the Canadian state which have proposed either absolute autonomy from special corporate interests or opted for a state model which over-simplifies the nature of the expression of corporate interests within the state. The evidence indicates neither autonomy from particular fractions of the continental capitalist class nor crude instrumentality in this regard by the Canadian state. Rather, the state's role, as seen in federal policy and the activity of federal personnel, involves the representation and filtering of corporate interests on an unequal basis and in a manner which operationalizes a continentalist as opposed to a nationalist alternative in developing industrial resources and which most often champions the larger (whether American or Canadian) at the expense of smaller corporations. The implications for industrial development entail continuing linkages to the U.S. economy and in certain instances to European and Japanese markets such that less and less forward processing of industrial resources takes place in Canada and fewer avenues for the generation and export of indigenous technology remain open. As such forward linkages are forsaken, the vulnerability of resource dependency is increased. An addiction to staples export prevails, but it is a malady which is actively facilitated by the role of the Canadian state.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Effect of Isokinetic and Weight Strength Training in Young Men and Women

contributor:
Sale, D.G.
Physical Education

subject:
Physical and Athletics
Sports Sciences
Sports Sciences

abstract: [missing page 82]

abstract:
Six males (M, 21.2 ± 1.2 y) and 6 females (F, 20.3 ± .8 y) trained, by random assignment, the elbow flexors of one arm on an isokinetic device (ID, Hydra-Gym, Belton,T exas) and the other arm on weight device (WD, Rubicon Ind., Stoney Creek, Ont.). Training consisted of 5 sets of 10 maximal effort repetitions at the slowest velocity on the ID and 5 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum on the WD, 3 times per week for 20 weeks.0

Needle biopsy samples were obtained from biceps brachii before and after training and analysed for fibre type distribution and fibre area. CT scans were taken of the upper arm and analysed for bicep, brachialis and total flexor cross-sectional area. Strength measurements on both arms were taken at 2 week intervals through the training period on the ID (3 velocities) and the WD (1RM) as well as a Cybex dynamometer (@ 30, 120, 180, 240 °/s) and isometric dynamometer (ISD) (@ 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165°). Contractile properties were obtained from isometric twitch measurements and analysed for peak torque (PT), time to peak torque (TPT), 1/2 relaxation time (1/2 RT), Maximum rate of torque development (MRTD) and maximum rate of torque relaxation ( MRTR).

Fibre areas showed no change in absolute values (um 2) however relative fibre area increased (+12.1%, p<.07), the change being most evident in the Type II fibres (+20.8%, p<.06). Bicep area increased 9% following training. Brachialis area increased in absolute and relative (41%) terms with the largest increase in M and F trained on the WD (p<.05). Total flexor area increased significantly with no differences between gender or training mode. Cybex peak torque increased significantly in F (14.1%) but not in M after training. Strength measured on the WD and ID increased significantly in all conditions. WD and ID training produced similar increases in strength measured on the ID. Strength measured on the WD increased more with WD (102.9%) than ID (58.6%) training. M made greater absolute increases in strength on the WD (88.0 vs 69.8 N) and the 10 (266.2 vs 236.8 N) than F, whereas F made greater relative strength increases on the ID (99.3 vs 44.3%), WO (116.0 vs 45.5%) and ISO (22.5 vs 6.5%) than M. PT increased at 14 weeks and remained elevated to some extent, post training. MRTO and MRTR followed the pattern of PT. No change was observed in TPT or 1/2 RT with training. It was concluded that: (1) WD training causes greater gains in training specific strength; (2) M make greater absolute but smaller relative increases in strength than F; (3) WD training is more effective in increasing muscle size than 10 training; (4) F can make comparable absolute gains in muscle mass to M; (5) PT increased with training, in part because of increased muscle mass; (6) Training of this intensity and duration does not affect the time-related contractile characteristics of human muscle.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Determinants of Voluntary Electrodermal and Cardiac Control

contributor:
Roberts, L. E.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology Psychology

abstract:
The thesis was concerned with the general question of how voluntary control, defined as compliance with verbal instructions to change the response, is achieved over skin conductance and heart rate. This question encompasses three separate but related issues. First, what features of the experimental procedure contribute to the establishment of voluntary elecotrodermal and cardiac control? Second, what other response systems are affected when control is achieved over electrodermal and cardiac functions, and hnw are changes in these systems related to the occurrence of the target response? Finally, what is the process by which subjects learn to comply with an instruction to control skin conductance and heart rate, and is this process different for the two responses? The thesis bears on all three of these issues.

Experiment 1 was designed to develop and test a procedure for producing voluntary control of skin conductance and heart rate. Ten subjects received either two days of training to control skin conductance followed by two days of training to control heart rate, or the converse. Subjects attempted to produce increases and decreases in the target response during discrete 30-second trials. They were given instructions to control sweating or heart rate, were provided with strategy suggestions likely to facilitate control, and also with auditary feedback whenever they produced changes exceeding a predetermined criterion. The results provided evidence of control over both skin conductance and heart rate.

This control could have resulted from the instructions to control sweating and heart rate which were given to the subjects, from the strategy suggestions which were also provided, and/or from the exteroceptive feedback which was also provided. Experiment 2 examined the role of these variables in electrodermal and cardiac control. Sixty-four subjects were divided into eight groups. Four of these received three days of electrodermal training; the other four received three days of heart rate training. Two groups (one electrodermal and one cardiac) received only instructions to produce increases and decreases in the target response. Two others received strategy suggestions in addition to these instructions. Two more received instructions plus response-contingent feedback. Finally, the last two received instructions, strategy suggestions, and feedback.

Instructions to control palmar sweating were insufficient to generate reliable bi-directional control of skin conductance. However, electrodermal control was established when feedback for skin conductance changes was also provided. On the other hand, providing subjects with strategy suggestions appeared to interfere with electrodermal control, when such control was evident in the first place. The results with respect to heart rate were somewhat different. Instructions to control heart rate were sufficient to generate reliable, bidirectional heart rate differences. Adding feedback to these instructions had little effect on performance. However, adding strategy suggestions clearly interfered with performance.

Bi-directional differences in skin conductance were accompanied by differences in heart rate, body movement, respiration amplitude, and in a number of affective scales. However, these correlates did not appear to be intrinsically related to the skin conductance changes, and were probably due to the increase-decrease component of the instructions. Bi-directional differences in heart rate when heart rate was controlled were accompanied by differences in skin conductance, body movement, respiration frequency, respiration amplitude, and in several affective scales. Contrary to what was obtained with respect to skin conductance, however, there was evidence that the autonomic, somatomotor, and respiratory correlates of heart rate change were intrinsically involved in the performance of the heart rate response. It was suggested that the production of skln conductance changes was embedded in either the neural systems controlling specific hand movements or in those controlling a nonmotor arousal process. On the other hand, the production of heart rate changes was viewed as embedded in the neural systems controlling somatomotor and respiration functions.

While the production of skin conductance and heart rate changes appeared to involve different processes, the acquisition of control over the two responses was viewed as involving the same basic process. That process was depicted as one in which feedback related to the occurrence of the larget response was utilized to identify response strategies which led to appropriate changes in target behaviour. It was suggested that changes in cardiovascular activity produced discriminable interoceptive afferentation that allowed subjects to identify effective response strategies without having to undergo training with exteroceptive feedback. On the other hand, it was suggested that afferentation arising as a consequence of electrodermal activity was less discriminable than that associated with cardiovascular function. Consequently, training with exteroceptive feedback was necessary in order to identify response strategies which led to appropriate changes in electrodermal responding.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Alternative Approaches to Technical Efficiency Estimation: A Comparative Study

contributor:
Robb, Leslie A.
Chan, M.W. Luke
Mountain, Dean
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: Pursuing efficiency is a fundamental characteristic of economic activity. correspondingly, efficiency measurement seems an eternal interest of production economists. The present dissertation is a comparative study of alternative technical efficiency estimation methods. Two recently developed methods based on different methodologies, namely, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the stochastic frontier approach (SF) are studied. In this dissertation we review the production and efficiency structure defined by modern production theory. Based on earlier works of Afriat, we discuss a set of propositions underpinning the non-parametric programming approach (or DEA). Further, we demonstrate the relationship between non-parametric and parametric production frontiers as references for technical efficiency measurement. We also explore the corresponding relationships between various versions of the DEA model and their implications regarding returns to scale properties. On the side of the SF approach, we work out a conditional estimation model to extract technical efficiency from a composite error structure. The main empirical contribution is a simulation study that is carried out to examine the capabilities of both approaches under various circumstances. In the first set of experiments we examine the performances of the two methods under assorted efficiency profiles, by which we describe the industry's efficiency distribution. Then, in a second set of experiments we investigate the performance of the two methods when the experimental data has different returns to scale properties. Finally, we test the robustness of the two models in regards to varied magnitudes of random noise . Our results indicate that though the SF model often leads the competit ion by a small margin i n our experimental environment, both methods have reasonable performances.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Ordered Topological Spaces and Topological Semilattices

contributor:
Choe, T.H.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
In this thesis, we consider the relationship between ordered topological spaces and topological semilattices.

We study the structures of ordered topological spaces and give some characterizations of these spaces, one of which is an answer to a question raised in [5]. We also construct two equivalent Wallman type order compactifications.

In addition, we describe epireflective subcategories of categories of ordered topological spaces, and in particular compactifications.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Multivariate Statistical Methods for Testing a Set of Variables Between Groups with Application to Genomics

contributor:
Beyene, Joseph
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
Multivariate statistical methods
Statistical genetics
MANOVA
Robustified MANOVA
GSEA
Applied Statistics
Biostatistics
Multivariate Analysis
Applied Statistics

abstract: The use of traditional univariate analyses for comparing groups in high-dimensional genomic studies, such as the ordinary t-test that is typically used to compare two independent groups, might be suboptimal because of methodological challenges including multiple testing problem and failure to incorporate correlation among genes. Hence, multivariate methods are preferred for the joint analysis of a group or set of variables. These methods aim to test for differences in average values of a set of variables across groups. The variables that make the set could be determined statistically (using exploratory methods such as cluster analysis) or biologically (based on membership to known pathways). In this thesis, the traditional One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) method and a robustifed version of MANOVA (Robustifed MANOVA) are compared with respect to Type I error rates and power through a simulation study. We generated data from multivariate normal as well as multivariate gamma distributions with different parameter settings. The methods are illustrated using a real gene expression data. In addition, we investigated a popular method known as Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), where sets of genes (variables) that belong to known biological pathways are considered jointly and assessed whether or not they are "enriched" with respect to their association with a disease or phenotype of interest. We applied this method to a real genotype data.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: INTRAOPERATIVE HEMODYNAMIC PREDICTORS OF EARLY POSTOPERATIVE TROPONIN ELEVATION AND MORTALITY

contributor:
Devereaux, Philip J
Thabane, Lehana
Guyatt, Gordon
Health Research Methodology

subject:
surgery
risk
myocardial infarction
perioperative risk stratification
intraoperative hemodynamics
Anesthesiology
Cardiology
Clinical Epidemiology
Anesthesiology

abstract:
Background: Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) increases the risk of 30-day mortality. Intraoperative hemodynamic events (i.e., tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension, and hypertension) may contribute to developing MINS.

Objectives: To determine if the addition of the duration spent within predefined intraoperative systolic blood pressure (BP; mmHg) (i.e.,160-199 and ≥200) and heart rate (HR; bpm) (i.e.,100-140 and >140) hemodynamic bands improved the prediction of Day 1 MINS (i.e., postoperative troponin T elevation ≥0.03 ng/ml within the first day after surgery) beyond preoperative risk model prediction.

Methods:  Prospective observational data was used to developed a baseline risk model to predict Day 1 MINS. Preoperative HR, systolic BP, and hemoglobin as well as intraoperative duration spent within each predefined hemodynamic band were explored to identify optimal thresholds for the prediction of Day-1 MINS. Preoperative variables were added to the baseline risk model to create a preoperative model. Intraoperative variables were then added to the preoperative risk model to create the final model. Models were compared using discrimination (c-statistic) and net reclassification index (NRI).

Results: Adding preoperative hemoglobin ≤105 g/dL, systolic BP110 improved baseline model discrimination (0.783 to 0.792, p5min; HR >100 for >147min; systolic BP59min and systolic BP >160 for >42min further improved discrimination (0.8; p

Conclusion: Adding intraoperative hemodynamic durations significantly improved Day-1 MINS model discrimination and risk stratification compared to the baseline risk model.

abstract: Master of Health Sciences (MSc)


title: ASSESSING IN SITU DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY INDIGENOUS MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES

contributor:
SLATER, GREG
Earth and Environmental Sciences

subject:
BIODEGRADATION
BIOREMEDIATION
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY
Geochemistry
Geochemistry

abstract:
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by microorganisms is one of the most effective methods used to remediate environmental systems. However, much of what is known is based on the ability of (mostly bacterial) species to degrade hydrocarbons under enrichment conditions in a laboratory setting. In order to refine biodegradation as a remediation method, there is a critical need to understand the dynamics and mechanisms of microbial communities under in situ conditions. The goal of this dissertation was to provide insight and knowledge into the function of microbial communities in petroleum-contaminated environments using a combination of DNA, lipid and isotopic analyses. Microbial biomass, community structure, carbon sources were assessed at two study sites: (1) a former industrial facility contaminated by PAHs and (2) coastal salt marshes impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Isotopic analyses of soils collected from the PAH-contaminated site revealed that microbial carbon sources were derived from vegetation and/or natural organic matter present in soils matter rather than PAHs. Similarly, microbial community structure remained consistent across samples and there were no observed shifts in phylotype diversity with increasing levels of PAHs. Bioaccessibility assays revealed that a large fraction of soil-borne PAHs at the site are not bioavailable to microorganisms; thus, highlighting the importance of environmental factors to in situ biodegradation.

Biodegradation of Deepwater Horizon spilled oil was detected in salt marsh sediments such that petroleum-derived carbon was a primary carbon source for indigenous microbial communities in the months following the spill. Likewise, pyrosequencing of all three microbial domains showed an increase in the relative of abundance of taxonomic groups known to include hydrocarbon-degrading species, such as Sphingomonadales. These results suggest that Gulf of Mexico marsh sediments have considerable biodegradation potential and that natural attenuation may be feasible remediation strategy in this region.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: EXPLORING THE LIFE COURSE EXPERIENCES OF AN ETHNIC MINORITY GROUP AND ITS IMPACT ON THEIR RETIREMENT PLANS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF AGING SALVADORIAN IMMIGRANTS IN A COMMUNITY OF SOUTH WESTERN ONTARIO, CANADA

contributor:
Denton, M.
Andrews, G.
Voros, Geraldine
Health and Aging

subject:
planning for later life
ethnic minority
Salvadorian Canadians
aging
ageing
life course
Other Social and Behavioral Sciences
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Other Social and Behavioral Sciences

abstract: In the Canadian context, little is known of the ways in which immigrants’ life course (s) are “mastering of transitions and coordinating life” across geographical space and in differing historical, political, economic and social contexts in their home countries and in their new country unfold (Matthias 2011, p2-3). In order to address this gap in the literature, this qualitative study is focused on the narratives of ten Salvadorian immigrants to examine the different factors that have affected their retirement planning decisions in their new country, Canada. The research study was guided by the Life Course theoretical perspective and considered the role that education, work, and family played in their planning for retirement. Ten Canadian Salvadorian men and women were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. These participants were in the age ranges of mid to later life and included individuals who were not yet retired and individuals who were already retired. As well, this study captured the intersection between structural forces and life courses at the micro level in the pre-migration and post migration experiences of these individuals. Findings show that the effects of historical changes and socioeconomic status were carried over to Canada and that these constrained or produced opportunities that had varying implications for retirement planning. As a consequence, the majority of individuals prioritize their needs to here and now rather than to here and tomorrow.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Local Autonomy and Central Control in Ontario Education: A Study of Inter-organizational Relationships

contributor:
Jones, Frank E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This thesis examines the changes which have occurred in the relationship between the Ontario Department of Education and the local school boards in the province since the second world war. At the beginning of the period under study the relationship was highly centralized with a great deal of direct involvement of the Department of Education in the everyday affairs of the school boards. Within , this system of centralized control, a few larger boards were granted a greater degree of autonomy.

During the period under study, there were a number of moves to amalgamate the smaller rural school boards. Some of these moves were voluntary, but mostly they resulted from pressure from Departmental officials and ultimately from legislation. These amalgamations were justified in largely economic terms and the thesis examines the demographic and economic factors which tended to make the small school boards inefficient as administrative units.

At the same time as it pressed for amalgamation of the small, rural school boards, the Department was also encouraging the growth of local control over the curriculum and the development of a curriculum which allowed for more freedom of choice for the pupil. Furthermore, the internal structure of the Department was reorganized to refiect the growth in local autonomy and the shift in functions of the Department away from direct supervision and control towards research and development.

This thesis interprets these changes as changes in the nature of the relationship between the Department and the local school boards. It is argued that amalgamation of the rural school boards increased the resources at their disposal and hence their capacity for independent action and weakened the control which the Department could exert over them directly. Officials in the Department developed alternate means of control over the educational process which aided in the creation of a consensus about educational objectives. Most importantly, in addition to the Departmental publications which were clearly designed to influence opinion, the Hall-Dennis Report and the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education were used to mould the ideas of opinion-makers at the local level. It is demonstrated that a new uniformity in Ontario education has been created in spite of the growth in local autonomy in that there has developed a consensus about educational objectives which has been nurtured by officials in the Department of Education. Thus, though their ability to exert direct control over the process of education has been weakened, the necessity tor such direct control has been reduced by the newly developed consensus.

Recent moves by the Department of Education to exert direct financial control over the school boards, though apparently contradicting the main argument. lt of the thesis, seem to support it in that, it is argued, there has been a major increase in the share of the costs of education born by the Department and hence an increase in the extent to which the school boards are dependent on the Department for resources. Though it is too early to be sure whether recent changes mark a reversal of the previous trend, it would certainly be consistent with the underlying theory for this to have occurred, given the shift in the balance of resources.

From an examination of the literature in the field of interorganizational relationships, two models of interaction between organizations are developed. Relationships between a "principal" organization and its "agents" are marked by a high degree of central control, whereas relationships between "central" organizations and those at the "periphery" are marked by an ideological consensus nurtured by the centre. These two models are placed on a continuum or various models of interaction between and within organizations which are derived from a number of sources. The final chapter of the thesis attempts to specifiy the conditions under which one type of relationship might prevail as opposed to another and makes general propositions about the relationships between organizations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Study of Self-Presentational Variables in Excercise Settings Among Older Women

contributor:
Martin, Kathleen A.
Human Biodynamics

subject:
Human Biodynamics
Biology
Biology

abstract:
Self-presentation (SP) is the process individuals use to control the perceptions others have of them (Leary, 1995: Leary & Kowalski, 1990). Research suggests that self-presentation plays a role in older adults' exercise participation and beliefs about the appropriateness of exercise and exercise clothing for older people (Martin et al. 2000). The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate how SP variables relate to exercise-related attitudes, motives, and the exercise environment among older women.

Study 1 evaluated the reliability and validity of measures of physical self-perceptions and exercise motives (N=40; M age=68.22). The Social Physique anxiety Scale (Hart et al. 1989) and the Reasons for exercise Inventory (Silberstein. et. al.. 1988) were found to be reliable and valid when used in a sample of older women. In addition, while fitness motives were of primary importance to older women, self-presentational concerns (i.e., social physique anxiety [SPA]) were related to self-presentational motives for exercise suggesting that for some women, SP is an issue in exercise contexts.

In Study 2, the moderating effects of SPA and physical activity) PA on attitude towards different exercise environments were examined. Overall, women's (N = 81: M age = 70.85 years) attitudes toward conservative and revealing exercise attire environments were not significantly different. However, PA level, but not SPA, moderated their preferences such that for the revealing attire condition, as PA decreased, attitudes toward the exercise setting also decreased. As well, women's confidence in their ability to present themselves as exercsers (i.e., self-presentational efficacy, SPE) was not differentially affected across the two video conditions. However, SPA. but not PA level, moderated the effect of the videos on SPE such that for the revealing condition, as SPA increased. SPE decreased. Taken together, this research has expanded our knowledge concerning the role that self-presentation plays in exercise settings among older women. Furthermore, consideration of the exercise environment, self-presentational concerns, and physical activity level is recommended when developing exercise programs that older women will feel comfortable initiating and maintaining throughout their years.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Laws Affecting Women and Children

subject: Political Economy

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Shan-ṯao's Commentary on the Amitāyur-Buddhānusmṛti-Sūtra

contributor:
Yün-hua, Jan
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
Among the Chinese Pure Land authors of the T'ang dynasty, Shan-tao (613-681) occupies a place of eminence. In his commentary on the Amitāyur-Buddhānusmṛti-sūtra (ABAS) he develops his personal views on Pure Land thought and practiice, against the interpretations of other masters, such as Hui-yüan, Chih-i and Chi-taang.

After an introductory part, discussing the origin of the Amita-cult, the ABAS, and Shan-tao's life and works, his teaching is systematically analyzed in the light of his views on rebirth in Amita's Land and the various methods by which to achieve rebirth. In a final chapter Shan-tao's significance is discussed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Minimum Variance Linear Receiver for Interference Rejection in Space-Time Block Code Communications

contributor:
Wong, Kon Max
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
In this thesis, we consider a wireless communication system which has several transmitters (users), and one receiver (base station). The goal is to extract the data from the desired transmitter, we have to combat noise and interferences from the other transmitters (users). In order to decrease the probability of error we use space diversity; therefore the desired transmitter (user) and receiver (base station) are equipped with arrays of antennas.

We use Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBC) because they reach full diversity-gain. Furthermore, these codes enable us to introduce a new linear-receiver, which suppresses the interference and decodes the received data simultaneously.

The proposed receiver is designed by enforcing an underline operator on the vector of the received data. We minimize the output power subject to a constraint which preserves a unity gain for all symbols in the desired transmitter's block of data, at the same time, the intra block interference (self-interference) for the desired transmitter (user) is completely suppressed.

Simulation results show that the proposed method has substantially lower symbol error rate compared to the matched filter receiver and linear receiver presented by Naguib and Seshadri. Note that in absence of interference, our receiver simplifies to the matcher filter, which is the Maximum Likelihood receiver for a single user MIMO system using Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Joint Optimal Classification and Pairing of Human Chromosomes

contributor:
Wu, Xiaolin
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: In this thesis, we reexamine the problems of computer-aided classification and pairing of human chromosomes. Traditionally researchers have dealt with the problem of classification and pairing separately. In our work, we propose to jointly optimize the solutions of these two very closely related problems. The combined problem is formulated into one of optimal three-dimensional assignment with an objective function of maximum likelihood. This formulation poses two technical challenges: 1. estimation of the posterior probability that two chromosomes form a pair and the pair belongs to a class, and 2. good heuristic algorithms to solve the three-dimensional assignment problem which is NP-hard. In our work, we present various techniques to solve these problems. We also generalize our algorithms to cases where the cell data are incomplete as often encountered in practice.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: On the Number of Conjugates of Ternary Quasigroups

contributor:
Rosa, A.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
An n-ary quasigroup is a set together with an n-ary operation which is cancellative in every variable. To every permutation on n + 1 elements there is associated a conjugate quasigroup of the original quasigroup. The elements of both quasigroups are the same, but the conjugate n-ary operation is defined as follows. It acts on a permuted set of elements to produce a permutation of the results of the original operation on the unpermuted elements.

These conjugate quasigroups need not be distinct. The number of distinct such conjugates is called the conjugacy class number of the quasigroup. It has been shown that this number must always be a divisor of (n+1)!

In the case of ordinary quasigroups, it is known that for any order greater than or equal to four, there exists a quasigroup of that order having a specified number of distinct conjugates. An investigation of the conjugacy class number leads to a study of quasigroup identities. The existence of quasigroups satisfying certain identities has been widely investigated for ordinary quasigroups, but for higher dimensional quasigroups, much less is known.

We investigate the existence of ternary quasigroups having a given class number. In all but two cases, the question is completely answered. Ternary quasigroups, having six of the possible eight class numbers, are shown to exist of every order, expect for a small, finite number of low orders. In the remaining two cases, infinitely many quasigroups have been constructed with these conjugacy class numbers.

An investigation is begun of the existence of n-ary quasigroups with prescribed conjugacy class numbers. The problem is solved for two sets of classes and for n-ary quasigroups having sufficiently large orders.

A combination of methods is used throughout, varying from exact constructions, to "ad hoc" constructions for low orders and adaptations of block designs.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Critical Stress and Recoverable Shear for Polymer Melt Fracture

contributor:
Vlachopoulos, J.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract: The dependence of the critical shear stress and the critical recoverable shear strain on molecular weight has been studied . Polystyrene of narrow and broad molecular weight distribution, low and high density polyethylene and polypropylene were the polymers used in this study. The behaviour of the melts at the onset of instabiIity was explained by using Graessley's correlation between "true" and Rouse shear compliance in Hooke's law. It was found that the critical stress increases linearly as the weight average molecular weight decreases, increases slightly with temperature and is nearly independent of the distribution of molecular weights . The critical recoverable shear, calculated using Tanner's dieswell theory was found proportional to the factor M2M2+1/Mw2, the proportionality factor being about 2.5 for linear polymers.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Development of an Interfacial Tracer Test for DNAPL Entrapped in Discrete Fractured Rock

contributor:
Dickson, S.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract: Denser-than-water, non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are contaminants that pose a serious threat to groundwater quality because of their high toxicity and ease of mobility once released into the groundwater system. In order to effectively assess the risk to human and ecological health, and to select an appropriate remediation strategy, the DNAPL source zone must be accurately characterized. The area of the DNAPL-water interface is one feature commonly used to characterize the DNAPL source zone; it is significant as it measures the surface area available for DNAPL mass transfer into the groundwater causing contamination. Additionally, many remediation strategies depend on the inter-phase mass transfer. At present, interfacial tracer tests have been successful for determining the DNAPL-water interfacial area in unconsolidated porous media, yet no study has applied this technique to fractured rock systems. The purpose of this study was to develop an interfacial tracer technique for determining the DNAPL-water interfacial area, anw in fractured rock environments. The experimental design involved four phases (1) characterizing two fracture planes using hydraulic and tracer studies, (2) trapping a known mass of a DNAPL, hydrofluoroether 7100 (HFE7I00) in the fractured rock systems, (3) performing interfacial tracer tests with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) as the reactive tracer and acid yellow 17 as the non-reactive tracer to derive an anw measurement, and (4) verifying the anw value through visualization using digital image analysis. While the interfacial tracer technique was only applied to two unique fractures in this study, it demonstrates the ability to obtain a measure of the DNAPL-water contact area, and offers an additional tool for the characterization of DNAPL source zones at the lab-scale; further work is required to evaluate the tracer test methodology for field applications.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Kinetic Isotope Effects on the AroA Reaction: A Mechanistic Investigation of the AroA Reaction

contributor:
Berti, Paul
Biochemistry

subject: Biochemistry Biochemistry

abstract: AroA catalyzes the synthesis of enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and shikimate 3-phosphate (S3P). It is part of the shikimate pathway which produces most aromatic compounds in plants, bacteria, and apicomplexa. The shikimate pathway is missing in mammals making AroA a potential antimicrobial target. It catalyzes a two step mechanism where the hydroxyl group of S3P adds across the double bond of PEP to form a tetrahedral intermediate (THI). Elimination of phosphate from the THI completes the reaction. In this study, kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) on the enzymatic reaction, as well as the non-enzymatic acid-catalyzed breakdown of PEP, were measured. A method for measuring KIEs by whole molecule mass spectrometry was developed. KIEs were determined using isotopologues of PEP. The KIEs measured on the enzymatic reaction using [3,3-2H2]pEP was 0.985 ±0.003 and [3-13C]PEP was 0.97 ± 0.01. The KIE measured on the non-enzymatic reaction using [3,3-2H2]PEP was 1.180 ± 0.009. Acid-catalyzed PEP breakdown proceeds through protonation at C3 to form an oxocarbenium ion intermediate. This is proposed to mimic the first step in the AroA-catalyzed reaction of S3P to PEP.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Second Forbidden Beta Transition of Cobalt 60

contributor:
Johns, M. W.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
The 1.481 Mev second forbidden beta transition from the ground state of cobalt 60 to nickel 60 has been reinvestigated using the Siegbahn type spectrometer and discussed in this thesis. The end point energy, intensity and log ft values of the transition have been measured.

In addition, internal conversion peaks of two weak gamma transitions in nickel 60 have been observed. The experiment to find the energy and intensities of these transitions are described.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Studies in Alkaloid Chemistry: Part I. Minor Alkaloids of Lycopodium flabelliforme; Part II. Model Studies leading to a synthesis of cularine

contributor:
MacLean, David B.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry

abstract: Part I. The results of an investigation of the minor alkaloids of Lycopodium flabelliforme using elution chromatography and countercurrent distribution are presented. Several alkaloids not previously reported to occur in this species were isolated and identified. A new alkaloid, hydroxy-de-N-methyl-α-obscurine, has been isolated and a structure proposed for it on the basis of physical evidence. A sufficient quantity of Lycopodium alkaloid L.5 which we have named flabellidine was isolated to permit the elucidation of its structure. Part II. A synthesis of 9-xanthenemethylamine and its rearrangement to the ring-expanded alcohol under the condition of the Demjanov reaction is described.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Application of Time-Dependent Weighting to solution of Neutron Kinetics Equations

contributor:
Meneley, D.A.
Engineering Physics

subject: Engineering Physics Engineering

abstract:
The calculation, storage and usage of the adjoint function as a weight function in the point kinetics calculations represents a significant portion of the final cost of large reactor transient analysis. Replacement of this function with the shape function would reduce this cost component considerably.

Arguments supporting just such a replacement in the point kinetics equations are developed using a time dependent weighting function and implemented in the Improved QuasiStatic method. A one dimensional diffusion code was written to test this scheme and the results are presented.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: On the Applicability of the Multi-Level Iterative Scheme to Two Group Neutron Diffusion Problems

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering
Physics
Engineering

abstract: This report concerns the applicability of the Multi - Level iterative scheme to the neutron diffusion problem. In the process of this study the iterative scheme is analyzed in modal form. The results of this analysis are used to derive the Sinqle Mode Extrapolation scheme and give mathematical support to the Multi-Level theory. A program was written to test this theory and the results of test cases are discussed.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Time Domain Simulation of Optical Amplifiers Incorporating ASE Noise Effect in WDM Photonic Systems

contributor:
Li, Xun
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: To overcome optical signal attenuation m fiber-optic transmission system, amplifiers must be used in the optical link. However, the accompanying amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise in optical amplifiers becomes the major factor that impairs the amplified optical signal, thereby degrade the system performance especially in a cascaded amplifier system. This thesis aims at providing a numerical tool that simulates the noise effects when applying optical amplifiers in high-speed long haul transmission systems. A time domain model for Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), which is capable of handling the locally generated broadband ASE noise and multichannel signals, is developed with affordable computational complexity. Not only the averaged ASE noise contribution to gain saturation has been included in this model, but also the random nature of the ASE noise in optical amplifiers is incorporated through appropriate statistics. Other effects such as the nonuniform spatial distribution of carriers and frequency chirping are also considered in this model. This model is implemented numerically in order to examine the static and dynamic behaviors of the optical amplifiers. Various effects arising from the ASE noise are shown in signal waveforms picked up at any point along the optical link. Furthermore, the newly developed optical amplifier simulator is integrated with an existing time-domain simulation platform that has many other optical components assembled and is capable of handling point-to-point multichannel fiber-optic transmission system in arbitrary configuration. Consequently, the influence of the ASE noise on power booster, in-line amplifier, preamplifier, and the combination of them has been studied thoroughly in both single-channel and WDM fiber-optic transmission systems.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: VĀC: Reality, Speech, and Speaking in the early Indian Religious Tradition

contributor:
Arapura, J. G.
Younger, P.
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This work examines the nature and significance of vāc in the Ṛg Veda. It is concerned to explicate the nature of the relationship of the rṣi to Vāc and to demonstrate that this relationship is such that the rṣi-figure is paradigmatic of the salvational ideal of orthodox Indian spirituality to the extent that the Ṛg Veda must be considered foundational to any notion of the Indian Religious Tradition. Brief consideration is given to the relationship and status of speech and speaking in Pūrva Mīmāṁsā and Śaṅkara's Advaita Vedanta to demonstrate how these positions represent a principle of continuity from the Ṛg Veda.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Verification of Cryptographic Protocols Using Coloured Petri Nets

contributor:
Down, Doug
Khedri, Ridha
Software Engineering

subject:
Software Engineering
Other Engineering
Other Engineering

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Steric Effect at C-7 of Norbornene

contributor:
Warkentin, J.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: The object of this work was to show unambiguously which face, syn or anti, of the norbornene system is less sterically crowded. This was accomplished by use of thermodynamics and kinetics. These studies have produced the first quantitative measure of the free energy difference between isomers at C-7 caused only by the different steric requirements of the ethano and etheno bridges. In the thermodynamic studies, isomeric mixed ketals were employed. In the course of the stereochemical assignment of these isomers, it was found that a methoxy group has a greater levelling effect on the 7-cation of norbornene than has a p-anisyl group. The knowledge of the sense and approximate magnitude of the steric effect is applied to the reactions of the 7-radical of norbornene to cast light on the nature of this species.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Polycyclic Compounds of Manganese

contributor:
McGlinchey, M.J.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
This dissertation focuses on the synthesis, characterization and reactivity of several types of arene manganese systems.

The reaction of potassium tert-butoxide with [(ɳ6-trindane)Mn(CO)3][BF4], 58c, was investigated in attempts to funtionalize 58c at the benzylic positions. It was demonstrated that complex 58c undergoes three C-H insertions and a haptotropic shift when treated with potassium tert-butoxide. As well, other trindane complexes including [(ɳ6-trindane)Mn(CO){O(OMe)3}2][BF4], 98, and [(ɳ6-trindane)Re(CO)3][PF6], 99, have been synthesized in hopes of alkylating the exo benzylic positions and develop an organometallic route to sumanene, a key fragment of C60 that has not yet been synthesized. The former compound, 98, was characterized by X-ray crystallography.

In order to probe the generality of the novel reaction exhibited by the trindane system, other [(arene)Mn(CO)3]+ systems were studied in which the arene is bicyclic or tricyclic and possesses attached 5-, 6- or 7-membered rings. In particular, the syntheses of [(ɳ6-indane)Mn(CO)3][BF4], 84, [(ɳ6-tetralin)Mn(CO)3][PF6], 103, and [(ɳ6-dibenzosuberane)Mn(CO)3][BF4], 102, and their reactions with potassium tert-butoxide in the presence of donor ligands are presented. The products of these reactions were characterized by infrared and 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

The molecular dynamics of two hexaethylbenzene (HEB) complexes, [(ɳ6-HEB)Mn(CO)3][BF4], 147, and (ɳ6-HEB)Mn(CO)2Br, 148, were examined using low-temperature NMR spectroscopy. The activation barrier (ΔG≠) for ethyl rotation for 147 was determined to be ~ 11.5 kcal mol-1. Crystallographic data was obtained for 148, which demonstrated the 1,3,5-distal-2,4,6-proximal geometry, a feature common to transition metal HEB complexes.

Finally, extended Hückel molecular orbital (EHMO) calculations were carried out for four polycyclic frameworks ligated to organometallic fragments: anti-dibenzpentalene, 157, and syn-dibenzpentalene, 158; fluoradenyl, 159, and fluoranthene, 160. Each of these systems exhibited unique dynamic behaviour, which are interpreted using a molecular orbital rationale.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Italian-Canadian Experience in a Changing Hamilton

contributor:
Eyles, J.D.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Italians make up 16% of Hamilton's population. These Italians have come to Hamilton for the most part after the second world war. Since then, they have concentrated in a few areas around the city. The areas with the greatest concentration are Jamesville, an old immigrant reception area located in Central Hamilton, and Stoney Creek, a wealthy suburb located to the east of Hamilton. The initial purpose of the thesis was to look at how larger economic trends affected ethnicity. Since the early 1960's there has been a shift from manufacturing oriented employment, which is labour intensive, to the serviceoriented sector, which is less labour intensive and comprised of part-time labour. The thesis also investigated how the Italian-Canadians perceived their lives in Hamilton since their arrival. The data for this study was collected through lengthy, semi-structured interviews from both areas. Thirty-two families were interviewed.

It was found that the immigrants who arrived after the second w~ld war (in both areas) were not affected by the restructuring of Hamilton's economy. The male immigrants had since establishing themselves in Hamilton found employment in either the steel industry or in the construction sector. Male workers in Jamesville were for the most part retired. The female immigrants worked only in a minor role in Canada. They entered the work force after they had raised their families, usually in part-time positions.

Friends, the church, and associational groups were of little importance in the lives of Italians in both study areas. For many, the central focus was on the family. Life for the immigrant was characterized as a life of sacrifice, pain and sorrow. In general the quality of life of the immigrant was very poor.

A case study of a prominent family was conducted through the life history method. Life for those interviewed in the study, appeared to be more fulfilling. The family came to Hamilton in the early 1900's and used education as a path to their success. A strong matriarchal figure was also essential to their success. In the study, twelve members of the family were interviewed. Many of the parents had instilled values of hard work, education and success in their children.

From the interviews it became clear that the shift in economic sectors had little impact on Italians. The research continued because I was fascinated with the accounts of these individuals. The most stunning outcome of all the research is that for the most part the immigrant is full of pain and discontentment. Life in Canada for many of them was an unfulfilled promise.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Design of Low-Voltage, micropower Voltage-Controlled Oscillators

contributor:
Deen, Jamal
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
With the rapid increase in the market of portable wireless devices, the life time of the battery has become very important, especially in wireless medical telemetry, where it becomes very critical due to the nature of the application. As part of the wireless system, RF circuits are required to have low-power consumption as one of the ways to increase the device life time before the need to charge or change its battery. Meanwhile, the low-power RF circuit should maintain the basic noise and linearity performance required to guarantee an acceptable BER (Bit-Error Rate) at the receiver end. Furthermore, these circuits must be cheap and compatible with digital technologies.

This thesis focuses on the design of CMOS voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO), as one of the building blocks ofa wireless transceiver. Power consumption reduction of the VCO is the main objective in the thesis. The first step to achieve the low-power requirement is to optimize the quality factor of the passive devices, such as inductors and capacitors. Therefore, we have introduced a new technique to enhance the quality factor of the monolithic inductors. This technique is based on decreasing the overall parasitic resistance while increasing the mutual inductance between the strips of the inductor. Momentum simulations are performed to compare between the proposed technique and another regular inductor that has the same inductance value. The proposed inductor shows 23% enhancement in its quality factor.

Three ultra low-voltage yeas are presented. The first two yeas are designed to operate at frequencies equal to 600 MHz and 2.4 GHz. The novelty in these designs is the low-supply voltage with a value of 400 mY, which is about 100 mV below the threshold voltage ofthe transistor. Biasing in sub-threshold, leads to reducing the power consumption performance. These oscillators are the first RF oscillators to be biased in sub-threshold.

The third oscillator was designed to operate at 6 GHz. In this design we have added another contribution, where we forward biased the body contact of the VCO to overcome the high frequency effects that occur in sub-threshold. The three oscillators are designed to operate with supply voltages of 350 mV, 400 mV and 450 mV, respectively. The oscillators have a minimum phase noise of -128 dBc/Hz, -123 dBc/Hz and -113 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, respectively, and power consumption of 36 μW, 41 μW and 90 μW, respectively. These results show the minimum power consumption and supply voltage operation reported in the literature. In the analysis of these oscillators, discussions are given on the large signal performance of the oscillator and the effect of the inductor mismatch on the power consumption and the phase noise performance. From these three veos, the 600 MHz oscillator was measured. It operates with a supply of 430 mV, consumes 257 μW and has phase noise of -132.5 dBc/Hz at 600 kHz offset.

To show the effectiveness of the low-power technique used with the above Yeas, another oscillator is designed at 2.4 GHz with a higher supply voltage of 1 V. The oscillator's phase noise is -123.1 dBc/Hz and it consumes 135 μW which is considered very good compared to other oscillators operating with the same supply voltage. Tuning is realized by using body-biasing of the oscillator. Therefore, we have presented a unique discussion on the effect of body-biasing on the performance ofthe oscillator. Measurments for this oscillator was obtained, however, it does not match the simulations due to the package parastics.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Vortex shedding From Single and Tandem Finned Cylinders

contributor:
Ziada, Samir
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract: The effect of fins on vortex shedding and acoustic resonance in the case of single and tandem cylinders with spacing ratios of 1.5, 2 and 3 has been investigated in an open circuit wind tunnel at the Reynolds number range from 1.56 x 104 to 1.13 X 105. Sound pressure and velocity measurements were performed for finned cylinders with three different fin densities. Similar measurements were made on bare cylinders for the purpose of comparison. In the case of tandem bare cylinders, the first acoustic mode is excited over two different ranges of flow velocity. The first resonance range ends before the vortex shedding frequency approaches the acoustic resonance frequency and is therefore referred to as the pre-coincidence resonance. The other resonance range starts at the coincidence between the frequencies of vortex shedding and acoustic resonance and is referred to as the post-coincidence resonance. The fins in the case of single cylinders are found to reduce the strength of vortex shedding, increase the broadband turbulence level and decrease the sound pressure at the acoustic resonance. The lock-in range of acoustic resonance for the single cylinders is found to be generally smaller than that of the tandem cylinders. Before the onset of resonance, the fins cause the sound pressure to increase in the case of tandem finned cylinders with S/De = 1.5 and 2. Increasing the fin density promotes the onset of resonance, but reduces the sound pressure level at resonance for S/De = 1.5 and 2. The fins are observed to weaken the pre-coincidence resonance for S/De = 2 such that the sound pressure level is not sufficient to produce resonance. However, the fins increase the sound pressure at the pre-coincidence resonance range for S/De =3, but decrease the sound pressure at the post-coincidence resonance range. Increasing the spacing ratio between the cylinders is found to generally reduce the sound pressure level at the post- coincidence resonance, but decreases the sound pressure level at the pre-coincidence resonance range. The effect of fins is therefore rather complex and depends on the spacing ratio and the fin density.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Granular Materials

contributor:
Stolle, D.F.E
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
The mechanistic design of flexible pavement systems requires the specification of the mechanical properties of unbound granular base/subbase material. The influence of the degree of saturation, low confining pressure, and suction (measured through an SWCC test) on the monotonic and cyclic behavior of granular base/subbase was investigated to obtain a better understanding of granular base behavior corresponding to condition encountered in situ.

In order to achieve this understanding, a series of quick-undrained (UU) monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on sand specimens (Material 1 and Material 2) at ambient temperature, with the degree of saturation ranging from 24% to 66%, and confining pressures from 4 kPa to 64 kPa. Additional tests were conducted under UU conditions to determine the effects of freeze-thaw on permanent deformation (plastic strain) and the memory of base material.

The results showed that shear strength and modulus of elasticity increase with increasing confining pressure, and decrease with increasing water content (degree of saturation), as expected. The stress-strain response of the specimens was generally ductile with higher confining pressure and degree of saturation causing greater ductility. The cyclic test results showed that there was a monotonic relationship between accumulated plastic strain and confining pressure, given that ratio of peak shear stress to confining presseure is constant. The research also showed that there is an almost linear relationship between increase plastic strain and moisture content after cyclic tests or freeze-thaw. Overall it was found that the effect of saturation and change in suction on shear strength and modulus of elasticity is not as significant as the effect of confining pressure. However, it was found that the effects of saturation, suction, and confining pressure were almost equally important when it comes to plastic strain development during cyclic tests or freeze-thaw loading.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: A Genomic Comparison of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura: Evidence for Faster-X, Faster-sex and Faster-male Evolution

contributor:
Singh, R.S.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: A genomic comparison of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura provides a unique opportunity to investigate factors involved in sequence divergence. The chromosomal arrangements of these species include an autosomal segment in D. melanogaster which is homologous to part of the X chromosome in D. pseudoobscura. Using orthologs to calculate sequence divergence and ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions, we found sequences on the X chromosome significantly more diverged than sequences on the autosomes. Mean divergence for sequences having sex-related functions are higher than sequences without reproductive function and even higher for sequences with male-specific reproductive functions. These estimates of divergence for sex-related sequences are most likely underestimates, as the very rapidly evolving sex-genes would tend to loose homology sooner and thus not be included in the comparison of orthologs. These results suggest that the role of sexual selection in genomic evolution is more pervasive than imagined from the interplay of female choice and secondary sexual male traits.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Modeling of low-contrast photonic crystals with coupled-mode equations

contributor:
Pelinovsky, Dmitry
Mathematics and Statistics

abstract: We show that the coupled-mode equations can be used for analysis of resonant interaction of Bloch waves in low-contrast cubic-lattice photonic crystals. Coupled-mode equations are derived from Maxwell's equations using asymptotic methods. We prove the existence and uniqueness theorem for a solution of the boundary value problem for transmission of N resonant waves in small convex convex domain (linear and non-linear cases). The analytical solutions for linear boundary-value problem for the stationary transmission of four counter-propagating and two oblique waves on the plane are found by using separation of variables and generalized Fourier series. We give the proof that the linear stationary boundary-value problem for four counter-propagating and two oblique waves on the plane is well-posed for arbitrary size of the domain. For applications in photonic optics, we compute integral invariants for the transmission, reflection and diffraction of resonant waves. We recast the problem for four counter-propagating waves on the plane in a multisymplectic Hamiltonian viewpoint, which gives further insights into the problem.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Variable Rate Selective Excitation RF Pulse in MRI

contributor:
Anand, Christopher
Terlaky, Tamás
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
Mathematics and Statistics
Mathematics
Statistics and Probability
Mathematics

abstract:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an advanced tomographic technique that is able to produce high resolution cross-sectional images of an object or specimen by exploiting Radio Frequency (RF) pulses. A Variable Rate Selective Excitation (VERSE) pulse is a type of RF pulse that reduces the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of molecules in a specimen while preserving its duration and slice profile. SAR was designed to be minimized by the VERSE pulse as it leads to an increase in specimen temperature during MRI procedures.

The nonlinear VERSE model was sequentially transformed into an optimal control problem that was efficiently solved by Sparse Optimal Control Software (§Oℂ§). The Magnetic Resonance (MR) signal produced by numerical simulations were then tested and analyzed by an MRI simulator. The VERSE model produced intriguing results and generated high-quality MR signals. The research and testing results produced by the VERSE pulse may influence further research in the area and have built an excellent foundation for more development of this RF pulse.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Semantics of Funtion Tables on the Reals

contributor:
Zucker, J. I.
Computing and Software

subject:
Divergent values
Reals
Undefined
Function Tables

abstract: This thesis develops a formalism of function tables, inspired by the work of D. Parnas. It adapts that formalism so as to apply to topological partial algebras, involving continuous partial functions on the reals. In particular, it studies semantics-preserving transformations between two classes of tables: normal and inverted. This leads to a 3-valued logic different from that used by Wei Lei (2007) who investigated the application of function tables to "error algebras".

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Effects of Channel Length Fluctuation on the Performance of RF Oscillators

contributor:
Deen, Jamal M.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
As the dimensions of the transistors keep decreasing, the effects of transistors' dimensions fluctuation will become increasingly important for differential radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs). In most RFICs, the transistor's channel length is usually much smaller than its channel width. Therefore, small unintentional changes in the channel length due to unavoidable fabrication process variations can cause a large circuit performance deviation, and thus, the effects of channel length fluctuation are extremely important.

This thesis investigates the effects of channel length fluctuation on the performance of RF oscillators. Two fully integrated, cross-coupled, differential LC oscillators have been designed in triple-well 0.18 J.lm CMOS technology and used as the test circuits. The measured results of the first VCO has a relatively large frequency tuning range of ~25% because two pairs of varactor are used and a power consumption Pcon less than 1.5 m W with 1.5 V supply voltage. Also, it has an output power Pout of -13.3 dBm and a Pcon of 1.31 mW at an oscillation frequency fo of 5.5 GHz, which corresponds to the best phase noise performance of -121.2 dBclHz at 1 MHz offset frequency.

The simulated results of the second oscillator has a fo of 1.12 GHz, a Pout of 1.79 dBm and a Pcon of 6.479 mW with 1.8 V supply voltage. Both the fo and Pout are found to be decreased (increased) when the fabricated channel length is larger (smaller) than the one at the design and simulation stages. The maximum variation of fo and Pout are 2.45 kHz and 0.08 dBm, respectively, with less than 20% of variation in the channel length. Formulae have been derived to predict these variations. Also, the use of body bias on the transistors is proposed as a means to compensate for the changes in the frequency performance characteristics due to the channel length fluctuations. In addition, it is found that the variation of fo and Pout due to channel length fluctuations is more significant in oscillators with higher fo. A recommendation is given to designers of how to design an oscillator with high fo while minimizing the sensitivity of fo and Pout to channel length fluctuations. While the phase noise is expected to be affected by the channel length fluctuations, simulation result does not show a significant dependence of the phase noise on channel length. This discrepancy is believed to be caused by the inaccuracy of the phase noise simulation.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Dionysius and Greek Tradition

contributor:
S., J. A.
History

subject: History History

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Mate Assessment and Non-Independent Mate Choice by Female Japanese Quail

contributor:
Galef, B. G.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
The body of this thesis is comprised primarily of two published papers (Chapters 2 and 3) and a third paper (Chapter 5) accepted for publication. All three investigate the influence of social information on mate choice in female Japanese quail, Corturniz japonica.

In Chapter 1, I review the theoretical and empirical literature on mate choice and eavesdropping that are relevant to the main topics with which this thesis is concerned. I demonstrate, in Chapter 2, that female Japanese quail use information garnered from video images of males interacting with other females when subsequently choosing between the live males that appeared in the videos. The results of this experiment provide evidence of the utility of a technique to investigate social influences on the behavior of Japanese quail, and possibly, other avian species as well.

In Chapter 3, I show that females use social information acquired by observing inter-male aggression to select mates, and provide evidence that the threat of injury posed by aggressive males influences females to select less aggressive males as mates. In Chapter 4, I provide a control for the possibility that females were not actually choosing to stay near less aggressive males in the experiments described in Chapter 3, but were preferring locations where those males had been seen engaged in agnostic interaction. Finally, in Chapter 5, I examine the role of sexual experience in determining whether when selecting a mate female quail copy the mate choices of other females or attend to the relative aggressiveness displayed by males engaged in intra-sexual competition when selecting a mate. I report that prior sexual experience is necessary for females to avoid the more aggressive of two males but not for expression of mate-choice copying. Taken together, the results of Chapters 3, 4 and 5 are consistent with the hypothesis that the relative costs and benefits of associating with dominant and submissive males may determine which type of male females will prefer as a partner. The view that females should invariably prefer dominant males because such males are likely to be a source of superior genes or can provide females with greater resources considers only the benefits and not the potential costs to females of consorting with relatively aggressive males.

In Chapter 6 I summarize the major findings of the thesis, and then briefly describe a failed experiment to determine whether the technique developed in Chapter 2 could be used to examine effects of female observation of inter-male aggression on subsequent mate choice in the absence of audience effects, and discuss the conflicting selection pressures that Japanese quail of either sex may face.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Effect of Working Fluid and Fluid Loading on the Performance of Rotating Heat Pipes

contributor:
Ching, C.Y.
Ewing, D.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
The steady state heat transfer performance of axially rotating heat pipes with methanol, ethanol and water as working fluid was measured for rotational speeds up to 4000 RPM, or centrifugal acceleration up to 150g, and heat transfer rates up to 0.7 kW. The measurements were used to characterize the effect of working fluid and fluid loading on the heat transfer performance of the rotating heat pipes with 10 internal condenser taper and straight adiabatic and evaporator sections. The effect of working fluid was examined for heat pipes where the liquid occupied approximately 19% of the pipe interior volume. In the heat pipes with ethanol and methanol as the working fluid, the thermal resistance of the heat pipes decreased as the heat flux increased before reaching a constant value. However, in the case of heat pipe with water, the thermal resistance increased with the increase in heat flux before appearing to reach a constant value. It was found that the thermal resistance of methanol and ethanol heat pipes were 50% to 80% larger than the thermal resistance of the water heat pipe.

The effect of fluid loading was examined for three heat pipes using water as the working fluid where the liquid occupied approximately 6%, 7% and 19% of the pipe interior volume. It was found that the heat pipe with the lowest amount of water failed to operate. In this case, the thermal resistance was dramatically larger than the other heat pipes even at low heat fluxes. The heat pipe with 7% of water operated normally and had a thermal resistance smaller than the heat pipe with 19% of water.

The experimental results were compared to predictions from an existing analytical model for high speed rotating heat pipes that accounts for natural convection heat transfer within the liquid film at the evaporator at high accelerations. The predictions from the model were in reasonable agreement with the experimental results for the heat pipes with water as the working fluid. The model over predicted the thermal resistance for the heat pipes with methanol and ethanol as the working fluids by 50% to 80%.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Assembly Language Representation and Graph Generation in a Pure Functional Programming Language

contributor:
Kahl, Wolfram
Computing and Software

subject:
Computing and Software
Computer Engineering
Computer Engineering

abstract:
In industry many legacy systems exist which run mission or safety critical code which do not have adequate requirements documentation. This thesis demonstrates how the use of a functional programming language eases a flexible and modular approach to the construction of libraries and tool suites that allow the manipulation of assembly language programs. The tools and libraries created with this method are used in a larger project of reverse engineering requirements from legacy assembly programs.

The modules presented operate from the assembled ".lst" format, which is the result of assembling the source files, and includes the calculated address in memory and the binary version of the given instructions. Our libraries provide representations of assembly programs in an abstract data type and as internal graph representations, and conversions to a GXL graph format and to other special-purpose XML representations.

The use of Haskell as an implementation language is explored in the context of a software engineering project, and some of the benefits and disadvantages of such a choice are discussed. This work was funded by Ontario Power Generation and CITO (Communications and Information Technology Ontario).

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)