title: Microbiological Indicators of Water Quality and Water Sustainability

contributor:
Brown, R. Stephen
Environmental Studies

subject:
Water Sustanability
Environmental studies
Environmental Microbiology
Water Quality
Microbiology

abstract: Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-01 20:31:16.331

abstract: The provision of high quality, clean water is of paramount importance to both human public health and the welfare of all biodiversity. Maintaining this quality also helps to promote sustainability of water globally through programs involving public health, watershed (ecosystem) protection, water-resource management and water governance and regulation. These initiatives allow for more effective risk assessment and management of the world’s usable water supply. Pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and protozoa which are present in faecal-contaminated water have always been a major threat to human health. Monitoring every single pathogen present in water is impractical, therefore the use of microbial water-quality indicators has been recommended. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus sp. are the main microbial indicators used for assessing fresh and marine water (recreational water), respectively. E. coli testing is conducted all over the world and there are good tests readily available, but tests for Enterococcus are limited, even though these bacteria are often better indicators of faecal contamination. We are developing an Enterococcus test by adapting technology that was developed at Queen’s University for detecting E. coli and Total coliforms. Different growth media types were used and Todd-Hewitt broth (THB) was found to be the most effective media for the Enterococcus test and can be used at full strength or half strength. The test was optimized for temperature; 41oC elicited the best results. In order to promote selective Enterococcus growth, different antibiotics were administered.  It was found that 6 mg / L of amikacin in half strength THB was optimal to make the THB media selective to Enterococcus in the presence of potentially interfering E. coli bacteria. This novel test will complement the tools already available for global water-quality monitoring, thereby promoting sustainable water-use, and thus enhancing the protection of the public’s health.

abstract: Hello,This restriction will give us time to make sure all our Intellectual Property (patents, etc.) have been achieved Please contact stephen.brown@chem.queensu.ca for more details should you have any questions. Thanks

abstract: M.E.S.


title: Analysis and Design of High Power Factor LED Drivers without Electrolytic Capacitor

contributor:
Jain, Praveen K.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

rights: This publication is made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws without written authority from the copyright owner.

subject:
LED driver
Electrolytic capacitor
Power factor
Power electronics

abstract: Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-04-30 13:22:28.471

abstract:
With superior longevity, approximately 5 times that of compact fluorescents (CFLs), and high efficacy, around 1.5 times that of CFLs, LEDs are now attracting vast attention from both academic and industrial sectors. Unfortunately, current power supply drivers for LEDs have the following drawbacks: (1) for a two-stage configuration, the power factor correction (PFC) circuit can help LEDs achieve good operating performance but contain too many components and are large in size, have low efficiency and relatively high cost; (2) a single-stage configuration can perform well in PFC and efficiency, however reliability issues occur due to the use of the electrolytic capacitor.
        In this thesis, the theoretical analysis and implementation of two high power factor, soft-switched, electrolytic-capacitor-less LED drivers are presented. The two drivers solve the aforementioned issues while minimizing its size and cost. The detailed theoretical analysis illustrates the advantages of the presented circuits and provides insight into their design and operation. The simulated and experimental implementations verified the performance of both circuits, which achieve a high power factor, indicating that the drivers have good operating performance. Elimination of the electrolytic capacitors improves the LED drivers’ reliability. In addition, with the help of soft-switching capability, high efficiency is achieved. Simulation and experimental results are presented to support all merits of the two circuits.

abstract: The contents in the thesis may be of commercial value and a patent may be filed at a future date.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: NEU1 Sialidase and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Cross-Talk is Essential for Toll-Like Receptor Activation and Cellular Signaling

contributor:
Szewczuk, Myron R.
Microbiology and Immunology

subject:
Neu1 sialidase
Toll-Like Receptors

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Microbiology & Immunology) -- Queen's University, 2013-04-30 12:23:42.429

abstract: The molecular mechanism(s) by which Toll-like receptors become activated are not well understood. For the majority of TLR receptors, dimerization is a prerequisite to facilitate MyD88-TLR complex formation and subsequent cellular signaling to activate NF-κB. However, the parameters controlling interactions between the receptors and their ligands still remain poorly defined. Previous reports have identified that neuraminidase-1 (NEU1) is an important intermediate in the initial process of TLR ligand induced receptor activation and subsequent cell function. What we do not yet understand is how NEU1 is activated following TLR ligand binding. In this thesis, the findings disclose a receptor signaling paradigm involving a process of receptor ligand-induced GPCR-signaling via neuromedin-B (NMBR) Gα-proteins, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation, and the induction of Neu1 activation. Central to this process is that NEU1–MMP-9-NMBR complex is associated with TLR-4 receptors on the cell surface of naive primary macrophages and TLR-expressing cell lines. Ligand binding to the receptor initiate GPCR-signaling via GPCR Gα subunit proteins and MMP-9 activation to induce NEU1. Activated NEU1 targets and hydrolyzes sialyl α-2-3-linked to β-galactosyl residues at the ectodomain of TLRs, enabling the removal of steric hindrance to receptor association, activation of receptors and cellular signaling.  Furthermore, a novel glycosylation model is uncovered for the activation of nucleic acid sensing intracellular TLR-7 and TLR-9 receptors. It discloses an identical signaling paradigm as described for the cell-surface TLRs. NEU1 and MMP9 cross-talk in alliance with neuromedin-B receptors tethered to TLR-7 and -9 receptors at the ectodomain is essential for ligand activation of the TLRs and pro-inflammatory responses. However, the mechanism(s) behind this GPCR and TLR cross-talk has not been fully defined. Here, GPCR agonists mediate GPCR-signaling via membrane Gα subunit proteins to induce NEU1 and MMP-9 cross-talk at the TLR ectodomain on the cell surface. This molecular organizational GPCR signaling platform is proposed to be an initial processing stage for GPCR agonist-induced transactivation of TLRs and subsequent cellular signaling. Collectively, these novel findings radically redefine the current dogma(s) governing the mechanism(s) of the interaction of TLRs and their ligands, which may provide important pioneering approaches to disease intervention strategies.

abstract: Chapter 4 is under peer-review for publication.

abstract: PhD


title: A Critical Review of the Inputs to Long Range Mine Planning of Open Pit Porphyry Type Copper Deposits

contributor:
Blackwell, Garston
Mining Engineering

subject: Mining Engineering

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mining Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-04-30 12:57:12.084

abstract:
Long term planning is the process used by a mining organization to develop a strategic business plan. The plan describes how the ore is going to be extracted over the mine life. As such, it is routinely updated in order to declare annual reserves, evaluate options and react to changes in the initial assumptions.  Inputs into this planning process are the parameters that drive profitability.

The purpose of this research is to understand and document the open pit long range planning process in current use by mining operations, isolate the input parameters that feed into this process, and conduct a critical review of these parameters in an effort to develop a more robust plan.

The thesis also searches for answers to the following questions: Can the copper metal price be correlated to a factor (or a set of factors)? Can the price be predicted? How useful is the work of O’Hara and Taylor in predicting the mine life and milling rate at the scoping study stage? How can the pit by pit graph be used to better guide the selection of the ultimate pit? Is there a realized benefit from operating at an elevated cutoff grade strategy with low grade copper porphyry deposits?

The research concludes with a proposal (not common in the industry) for the selection of the metal price as an input into the mine planning process. This approach, if implemented, can give a corporation a dominant position in the future. The research also presents a modified approach for the selection of the ultimate pit. Furthermore, the use of Taylor’s rule in predicting the mine life was tested and verified on an open pit copper porphyry deposit and the benefits of operating at an elevated cutoff grade strategy was demonstrated for the deposit.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Enabling Efficient Passive RFID SystemsThrough Modulation Silencing

contributor:
Hassanein, Hossam S.
Ibnkahla, Mohamed
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Count Estimation
Anti-collision
RFID
Authentication

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-04-30 12:38:44.0

abstract:
RFID technology has attracted much attention due to its wide range of applications, such as inventory control and object tracking. Passive RFID tags are battery-less, mobile and lack intercommunication. Hence, they require a central node (the reader) to power them up, organize their replies, and read their data. In the last decade, several proposals have targeted the channel efficiency in RFID systems to improve time and power efficiencies. While such proposals achieve significant performance improvements, they are limited by the backscattering half-duplex channel in which the reader has to wait for the tag to finish its reply (even if the reply is corrupt or redundant).

In this thesis, the Modulation Silencing Mechanism (MSM) is proposed as a novel full-duplex-like communication over half-duplex RFID links. With a simple additional circuit at the tag and upgraded software algorithms at the reader, the reader is capable of terminating the tag's non-useful transmissions. Consequently, we propose three schemes that utilize MSM in key application domains where the tag-reader transaction contains a considerable amount of non-useful transmissions. MSM is utilized to enhance tag identification, tag count estimation and tag authentication.

First, we propose a Modulation Silencing Anti-collision (MSA) scheme that targets collision time reduction in time slotted anti-collision protocols. In MSA, the time requirements of state of the art identification protocols are significantly reduced. Moreover, we establish a backward compatibility procedure for proper identification of legacy and MSM-enabled tags. Secondly, a Variance- Modulation Silencing Estimation (VMSE) scheme is proposed to increase tag estimation accuracy and to minimize overall estimation time. Variance-to-mean ratio estimator is proposed to determine the most accurate tag count estimate. VMSE combines both, the accuracy of the variance-to-mean ratio estimator and the time efficiency of MSM and delivers rapid, accurate, and anonymous tag estimation that outperform recent estimation schemes for small and large scale tag deployment. Finally, we propose Unique Hash Sequence Authentication (UHSA) scheme for efficient tag authentication. The UHSA is based on hashed key prefetching algorithm at the reader augmented by the MSM circuitry at the tag. UHSA scheme provides higher time efficiency and robustness against tracking and compromising attacks.

abstract: PhD


title: Automatic Magnetometer Calibration with Small Space Coverage

contributor:
Noureldin, Aboelmagd
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Magnetometer Calibration
Electronic compass

abstract: Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-01 00:52:30.274

abstract:
The use of a standalone Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has proved to be insufficient when navigating indoors or in urban canyons due to multipath or obstruction. Recent technological advances in low cost micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) – based sensors (like accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers) enabled the development of sensor-based navigation systems. Although MEMS sensors are low-cost, lightweight, small size, and have low-power consumption, they have complex error characteristics. Accurate computation of the heading angle (azimuth) is one of the most important aspects of any navigation system. It can be computed either by gyroscopes or magnetometers. Gyroscopes are inertial sensors that can provide the angular rate from which the heading can be calculated, however, their outputs drift with time. Moreover, the accumulated errors due to mathematical integration, performed to obtain the heading angle, lead to large heading errors. On the other hand, magnetometers do not suffer from drift and the calculation of heading does not suffer from error accumulation. They can provide an absolute heading from the magnetic north by sensing the earth’s magnetic field. However, magnetometer readings are usually affected by magnetic fields, other than the earth magnetic field, and by other error sources; therefore magnetometer calibration is required to use magnetometer as a reliable source of heading in navigation applications.
In this thesis, a framework for fast magnetometer calibration is proposed. This framework requires little space coverage with no user involvement in the calibration process, and does not need specific movements to be performed. The proposed techniques are capable of performing both 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) calibration for magnetometers. They are developed to consider different scenarios suitable for different applications, and can benefit from natural device movements. Some applications involve tethering the magnetometers to the moving platform (like in cars and machinery applications). Other applications are related to portable navigation (smartphone navigation, whether for pedestrians or while driving). The developed framework was examined through experimental work to verify its performance and robustness.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Low Energy 8B Solar Neutrinos in SNO+: Controlling and Constraining Radon Backgrounds

subject: 8B neutrinos

abstract: Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-01 20:26:56.981

abstract:
SNOLAB located in Sudbury, Canada, is hosting a new liquid scintillator experiment
for studying neutrinos which is called SNO+. Many interesting physics topics such as
measuring low energy solar neutrinos and searching for neutrinoless double beta decay
are expected to be performed using the SNO+ detector. SNO+ is designed to measure
the solar neutrino
flux at a lower energy range than SNO, and therefore it is able to
study LMA-MSW oscillations at this range of energy. This research is concerned with
extracting low energy 8B solar neutrinos while studying the tagging and reduction of
214Bi by 99.8%, one of the main backgrounds in the energy range of interest. Ways
to measure and control radon were also studied since it is the source of the 214Bi
background. Scintillation material, zinc sulfide, was selected for use in fabrication of
radon detectors known as Lucas cells. The fabrication of cover gas bags employed in
the SNO+ experiment to react to mine air pressure
fluctuations is described and the
interior radon emanation of these bags was measured and calculated.

abstract: M.Sc.


Assessing the probability and impact of secondary invasions of Hemimysis anomala to inland lakes of Ontario


title: Fabrication and Study of AC Electro-Osmotic Micropumps

contributor:
Campbell, Robert L.
Lai, Yongjun
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
Microfluidics
PDMS
Kapton
Microelectrode
Polyimide
SU-8
T-Shaped Electrodes
HSQ
Surface Oxide
PolyMUMPs
Surface Modification
Microchannel
Electro-Osmosis
Electrokinetic
MEMS
Micropump
Microfabrication
Bonding

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-06 10:57:48.077

abstract:
In this thesis, microelectrode arrays of micropumps have been designed, fabricated and characterized for transporting microfluid by AC electro-osmosis (ACEO). In particular, the 3D stepped electrode design which shows superior performance to others in literature is adopted for making micropumps, and the performance of such devices has been studied and explored. A novel fabrication process has also been developed in the work, realizing 3D stepped electrodes on a flexible substrate, which is suitable for biomedical use, for example glaucoma implant.

There are three major contributions to ACEO pumping in the work. First, a novel design of 3D “T-shaped” discrete electrode arrays was made using PolyMUMPs® process. The breakthrough of this work was discretizing the continuous 3D stepped electrodes which were commonly seen in the past research. The “T-shaped” electrodes did not only create ACEO flows on the top surfaces of electrodes but also along the side walls between separated electrodes. Secondly, four 3D stepped electrode arrays were designed, fabricated and tested. It was found from the experiment that PolyMUMPs® ACEO electrodes usually required a higher driving voltage than gold electrodes for operation. It was also noticed that a simulation based on the modified model taking into account the surface oxide of electrodes showed a better agreement with the experimental results. It thus demonstrated the possibility that the surface oxide of electrodes had impact on fluidic pumping. This methodology could also be applied to metal electrodes with a native oxide layer such as titanium and aluminum. Thirdly, a prototype of the ACEO pump with 3D stepped electrode arrays was first time realized on a flexible substrate using Kapton polyimide sheets and packaged with PDMS encapsulants. Comprehensive experimental testing was also conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties as well as the pumping performance. The experimental findings indicated that this fabrication process was a promising method to create flexible ACEO pumps that can be used as medical implants and wearable devices.

abstract: PhD


title: A Framework for Data Delivery in Integrated Internet of Things Architectures

contributor:
Hassanein, Hossam S.
Computing

subject:
Integrated Architectures
RFID
Wireless Sensor Network
Internet of Things

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-01 15:09:52.668

abstract:
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a networking paradigm where entities are viewed as objects that are identifiable, traceable and connected. This view requires the integration and interoperability of numerous wireless standards. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are two dominant technologies that jointly constitute a class of hybrid/integrated IoT architectures known as RFID-Sensor Networks (RSNs).
Data delivery across such integrated architectures faces challenges in terms of cost-efficiency, scalability and connectivity, among many others. Moreover, IoT-driven solutions are required to address constraints on node mobility, delay-tolerance and resource management, and may have to adhere to an economic model in order to establish incentive-based schemes. Most available RSN solutions are tailored for a single-application and fail to address the aforementioned IoT constraints. To the best of our knowledge, a detailed framework that comprehensively addresses such constraints does not exist. We investigate this promising research direction by proposing a novel framework that incorporates an RSN integrated architecture to improve delivery over heterogeneous topologies. Our framework provides data delivery solutions that adhere to delivery and connectivity considerations of integrated RSN architectures in IoT. Moreover, our data delivery solutions incorporate pricing policies for incentive public sensing applications over the proposed architecture. We show, by theoretical analysis and simulations, that our framework outperforms rival RSN integration approaches, as well as other wireless Ad-hoc data delivery schemes in realizing IoT performance requirements.

abstract: PhD


title: Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Children Who Have Survived a Brain Tumour

contributor:
Harrison, Margaret B.
Nursing

subject:
Pediatric
Quality of Life
Survivors
Smptoms
Brain Tumours

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Nursing) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-01 21:12:57.809

abstract:
Purpose
The purpose of this enquiry is to explore the symptom experience and the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of children who have survived a brain tumour.

Design
An emergent, mixed-method study design was used with three phases of inquiry.
1) A systematic review was undertaken of previous research on the HRQL outcomes and symptom experience of children who have survived a brain tumour.
2) A quantitative study of the relationship between symptom experience and HRQL in 50 children who have survived a pediatric brain tumour was completed. This study was followed by a qualitative study of 12 children that used an interpretive descriptive methodology to understand the perceived relationship between symptom experience, coping and quality of life.
3) The results of phases 1 and 2 were translated into an evidence-informed clinical practice framework.

Results
1) Pediatric brain tumour survivors had poorer HRQL outcomes than other cancer survivors or healthy peers. Only two previous studies had explored the relationship between symptoms and HRQL.
2) Pediatric brain tumour survivors experience many symptoms following the completion of treatment. The most distressing symptoms were pain, headaches, fatigue and sleep problems. Survivors of pediatric brain tumours described multiple symptoms that affect their life; yet overall they described their quality of life as good. Survivors used a variety of coping strategies to help mitigate the negative effects of these symptoms.
3) The results of the above studies informed the development of a clinical practice framework (the Queen’s-Macartney Multidisciplinary Action Plan for Oncology Survivors - Q-MapS), that requires further testing. It is intended to optimize clinical practice, to encourage education and to stimulate further research.

Conclusions
Child survivors of brain tumours experience various symptoms that can affect their HRQL. Nurses play a pivotal role in the systematic assessment and management of the multidimensional symptom experience of children following treatment for a brain tumour. Q-MapS can empower patients and their families by increasing their awareness of potential or actual problems related to their symptom experience and HRQL. More research is needed to better understand the relationship between symptoms and HRQL in children surviving brain tumours.

abstract: PhD


title: Simultaneous Degradation of Toxic and Volatile Substrates by Two Phase Partitioning Bioreactor Systems: Performance Characterization and Rational Polymer Selection

contributor:
Daugulis, Andrew J.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Biodegradation
Polymer
Microbial Consortium
Two Phase Partitioning Bioreactor

abstract: Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-02 16:24:39.655

abstract:
The degradation of toxic and volatile contaminants in aqueous streams is considered a challenge using conventional bioremediation strategies. At moderate concentrations, toxic contaminants induce microbial inhibition, which results in an overall decrease of reaction rates. On the other hand, volatile compounds are often stripped out of solution into the atmosphere during aeration in conventional wastewater treatments, and are not treated.
The addition of a second non-aqueous phase with affinities for the contaminants can reduce aqueous concentrations to sub-inhibitory levels and also decrease contaminant volatilization, while still allowing controlled release of contaminants back to the microbial population; such systems have been denoted as Two Phase Partitioning Bioreactor (TPPB). The current work examined and compared the performance of solid-liquid TPPB to a liquid-liquid TPPB and a single phase system. The systems were compared in the simultaneous degradation of phenol and butyl acetate, two substrates known for their relatively high levels of toxicity and volatility, respectively.
The solid-liquid TPPB, using 2 polymers selected heuristically, showed an improvement of 40 and 54 % in phenol degradation rates compared to the single phase and the liquid-liquid systems. Additionally, the solid-liquid system presented a 55 and 11 % enhancement in the amount of butyl acetate degraded. At higher initial substrate concentration the solid-liquid TPPB showed an improvement in the phenol degradation rate and the amount of butyl acetate degraded of 44 and 94 % respectively, compared to the single phase system.
In order to rationalize polymer screening for solid-liquid TPPBs, selection criteria based on first principles were developed, and were based on consideration of polymer accessibility and polymer-solute thermodynamic affinity. Polymer accessibility was evaluated by considering glass transition temperature (Tg) and degree of crystallinity, while polymer-solute thermodynamic affinity was assessed using three different methods, Hildebrand solubility parameters, Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) and activity coefficients at infinite dilution. It was found that the HSP method gave the best trends and its predictions had better agreement with the experimental results. Consequent biodegradation experiments with a single, rationally selected polymer, and a mixture of waste polymers, demonstrated the superior performance of rational selected polymers.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Disentangling the Effects of Material and Social Deprivation on Early Childhood Development in the KFL&A Public Health Planning Area

contributor:
Rosenberg, Mark W.
Geography

subject:
Material and Social Deprivation
Social Determinants of Health
Health Equity
Early Childhood Development
Early Childhood Education and Care
Deprivation Indices
Social Justice
Early Development  Instrument
Canadian Social Policy

abstract: Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-04 10:36:25.165

abstract:
Life course literature states that early childhood development (ECD) can influence most aspects of health throughout the life-cycle. Canada ranked last among 25 wealthy nations in meeting ECD objectives. Fewer than 5% of children born have clinically detectable shortcomings in developmental health, increasing to 26% by school age with emerging socioeconomic associations. Understanding how social determinants of health (SDH) influence ECD at the household and neighbourhood scales would help identify conditions for optimal developmental outcomes.

The effects of SDH on ECD in the Kingston, Ontario area were studied. SDH were classified via marginalization (ONMarg) and deprivation (Pampalon) indices. ECD was measured via 2006 Early Development Instrument (EDI) scores for children most at risk upon school entry (Grade One). The basic spatial unit of analysis was 2006 Census of Canada Dissemination Areas, subdivided into quintiles of deprivation (Q1 being the least deprived and Q5 the most). EDI results from each of the quintiles within the two indices were compared and then combined.

The socioeconomic health gradient assumes that EDI scores will directly correlate to material and social deprivation. Social deprivation had a slightly greater impact than material deprivation on children’s developmental vulnerability, with Q5 being the most vulnerable in all competencies. Surprisingly, emotional health and social competence were significant areas of vulnerability for children in Q1 and Q2. “Village effects” – when social determinants at the neighbourhood level have protective effects on ECD despite material deprivation at the household level – were present within the Q3 and Q4 groups for the domains of social competency and emotional health. While the highest proportions of early childhood developmental vulnerability are found within the most deprived households, the largest numbers of vulnerable children are spread throughout the middle-class in a variety of neighbourhoods.

Canadian policy should focus on mediating avoidable risks within this critical time to avoid future deleterious health effects and costs. Mapping the effects of SDH at the neighbourhood level generates knowledge that informs intersectoral action by policy makers to provide the supports needed to foster healthy children.

abstract: M.A.


title: Characterization of Uranium and Rare Earth Element Mobility and Attenuation Downstream of Decommissioned Tailings Impoundments at the Bicroft Mine near Bancroft, Ontario

contributor: Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering

subject:
Uranium
Rare Earth Elements

abstract: Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-06 07:44:03.327

abstract:
Attenuation of uranium (U) and rare earth elements (REEs) has been observed in stream and wetland sediments, but the geochemical and mineralogical processes involved in sequestering these elements in natural systems are not well understood. The decommissioned Bicroft Uranium Mine near Bancroft, ON uses a modified stream and wetland system to reduce the concentrations of U and other metals in tailings pond effluent to levels below the Provincial Water Quality Objectives. The Bicroft Mine was operated from 1957 to 1963, and processed low-grade (~0.17 wt% U3O8), disseminated U hosted by pegmatite dykes in amphibolite gneiss, forming 2,284,421 tonnes of tailings, deposited into two tailings impoundments. The Bicroft site has since operated as a passively attenuating stream and wetland remediation system for 55 years, demonstrating the potential longevity and viability for long-term sequestration of U and REEs through natural attenuation.
To identify U and REE hosts and their stability in the natural environment, colloids, tailings, stream and wetland sediments were analyzed using various methods, including tangential flow filtration (TFF), ICP-ES/MS, scanning electron microscopy, and synchrotron techniques (bulk and µXANES,  µXRF, and µXRD). The results show that Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides, goethite, and birnessite are the main mineral hosts for U and REEs in both the colloids and sediments. In addition, detrital grains of U- and REE-bearing minerals were found >200 m downstream in colloids and wetland sediments, showing the potential for long range transport of colloids and particulates in the stream system. Seasonal influences on the stability of trace metals in sediments were observed, and may demonstrate the limitations of passively attenuating remediation systems as a viable method for attenuation. Changes in the redox state of the stream system were observed to influence the attenuation of U and REEs, however, changes in the redox state with depth in the wetland sediments were not observed, and showed no direct influence on the attenuation of U and REEs. The results of this study will help to develop better monitoring strategies for U tailings sites and should reduce the impacts of future U mining operations.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Real-time Cycle-slip Detection and Correction for Land Vehicle Navigation using Inertial Aiding

subject:
GPS/INS Integration
RISS
MEMS
Cycle-slip Detection and Correction

abstract: Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-06 18:11:57.076

abstract:
Processing GPS carrier-phase measurements can provide high positioning accuracy for several navigation applications. However, if not detected, cycle slips in the measured phase can strongly deteriorate the positioning accuracy. Cycle slips frequently occur in areas surrounded by trees, buildings, and other obstacles. The dynamics experienced by the GPS receiver in kinematic mode of navigation also increases the possibility of cycle slips. Detection and correction of these cycle-slips is essential for reliable navigation. One way of detecting and correcting for cycle slips is to use another system to be integrated with GPS. Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), using three-axis accelerometers and three-axis gyroscopes, is integrated with GPS to provide more reliable navigation solution. Moreover, INS was utilized in the past for GPS cycle slip detection and correction. For low cost applications, Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) accelerometers and gyroscopes are used inside INS. For land navigation, reduced inertial sensor system (RISS) utilizing two accelerometers, one gyroscope, and the vehicle odometer was suggested. MEMS-based RISS has the advantage of using less number of MEMS-based gyroscopes and accelerometers thus reducing the overall cost and avoiding the complex error characteristics associated with MEMS sensors. In this thesis, we investigate the use of MEMS – based RISS to aid GPS and detect and correct for cycle slips. The Kalman filter was employed in centralized fashion to integrate the measurements from both GPS and RISS. This thesis research also offers a new threshold selection criterion resulting in a more robust cycle slip detection and correction. The proposed method was tested in different scenarios of road tests in land vehicle. Results show accuracy
improvement over the conventional double differenced pseudoranges-based integrated system. Moreover, the adaptive selection criterion of the detection threshold proposed in this thesis improves the detection rate, especially in the case of small-sized cycle slips.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Relationships Between Blood Mercury Concentrations and Oxidative Stress in Phalacrocorax auritus

creator:
Gibson, Laura A.
Lavoie, Raphael A.
Campbell, M. Linda
Langlois, Valerie S.

subject:
toxicology
gene expression

abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a widespread contaminant that has been shown to induce adverse health effects in a wide range of organisms. We explored the relationship between total blood Hg concentrations ([Hg]) and oxidative stress induction in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Cormorant blood was sampled at five sites across the Great Lakes basin, Ontario, Canada  and was analyzed for total [Hg].To assess cellular stress, the expression of glutathione peroxidases 1 and 3, glutathione S- transferase µ3, superoxide dismutase 1 and heat-shock protein 70 kd-8 were measured in whole blood samples. No significant variations in mean relative gene expression were found between sites for any gene for all birds.  Linear regression analyses showed a slight, significantly positive relationship between individual blood [Hg] and gpx3 expression for all birds. However, when separated by sex, there were differences. Male cormorants displayed higher blood Hg concentrations than females.  Female individuals showed significant positive relationships between blood Hg concentration and expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 and glutathione S-transferase μ3. Different levels of oxidative stress experienced by males and females during the breeding season may be influencing the differential oxidative stress responses to blood [Hg] observed in this study. Overall, the results of our study suggest that Hg leads to oxidative stress in the blood of P. auritus and that this oxidative stress is mediated by upregulation of gstm3 and gpx3 expression.

abstract: National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Queen's University, Royal Military College of Canada, Society of Canadian Ornithologists, Wilson Ornithological Society


title: Thrombospondin-1 Analog, ABT-898, Inhibits Endometriotic Lesion Vascularization Without Affecting Fertility or Pregnancy Outcomes in a Murine Model of Endometriosis

contributor:
Tayade, Chandrakant
Anatomy and Cell Biology

subject: Endometriosis

subject: Thrombospondin-1

subject: ABT-898

subject: Angiogenesis

abstract: Thesis (Master, Anatomy & Cell Biology) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-07 15:19:10.967

abstract: Endometriosis is a gynecological disease defined as the growth of endometrium outside of the uterus. Although linked to 50% of female infertility cases, current medical treatments fail to maintain fecundity. Since the survival of endometriotic lesions is dependent on their early neovascularization, antiangiogenic therapies specifically targeting blood vessel growth could be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of endometriosis. Angiogenesis, the branching of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, promotes robust vascularization of lesions. ABT-898 (Abbott Laboratories), a thrombospondin-1 analog, induces endothelial cell apoptosis while sequestering pro-angiogenic growth factors. We postulated that ABT-898 would reduce endometriotic lesion vascularization while physiological angiogenesis and pregnancy remained unaffected in a murine model of endometriosis. The antiangiogenic effect of ABT-898 was tested in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line revealing disruption of endothelial tube branching. Two in vivo experiments were conducted in which endometriosis was induced in female alymphoid BALB/c-Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- mice by adhering sections of human endometrium to the abdominal wall. Lesions from ABT-898 treated mice contained a reduced number of CD31+ endothelial cells and a decrease in blood flow supplying the lesion compared to 5% dextrose controls. Reproductive status was evaluated through maintenance of pregnancies up to gestation day 12 revealing unaffected implantation site structure and physiological angiogenesis. In a trans-generational study, pregnant F0 generation mice received ABT-898 or 5% dextrose injections on gestation days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19. F1 generation mice were raised to reproductive age and bred resulting in litters (F2 generation) comparable in size to the F0 generation litters. Chronic exposure to ABT-898 did not affect angiogenic plasma cytokine levels in F0 generation mice. In addition, physiological angiogenesis was unaffected within the uteri of ABT-898 treated mice.  Histological examination of the kidney, liver, ovary, and uterus revealed no structural abnormalities in F0 and F1 generations exposed to ABT-898. These results suggest that ABT-898 inhibits pathological angiogenesis within endometriotic lesions without affecting physiological angiogenesis involved in pregnancy and organ function across three generations of mice. Further research will establish the effects of ABT-898 on embryonic development, organ toxicity, and physiological angiogenesis in all organs.

abstract: Content will be submitted for publication in a scientific journal.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: A study of predicitive capacity and working memory in mild Alzheimer's disease and normal controls using saccadic eye movements

contributor:
Garcia, Angeles A.
Neuroscience Studies

subject:
Predictive capacity
Alzheimer's disease
Aging
Working memory
Saccade

abstract: Thesis (Master, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-21 18:54:19.492

abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no existing cure. Since cognitive control influences saccade behaviour, saccades provide a valuable tool when studying cognitive changes in healthy and pathological aging. This thesis aims to evaluate differences in predictive capacity and working memory between cognitively normal older adults (NC) and mild AD patients using customized saccade paradigms and a battery of neuropsychological tests.
In the predictive paradigm, we hypothesize that AD participants would display a decreased level of prediction, predictive capacity and learning capacity. In the memory-guided paradigm, we hypothesize that AD participants would have a decreased ability to maintain fixation and capacity to retain information and reproduce it correctly.
Overall, we found that in the predictive paradigm, NC displayed a greater degree of prediction than AD participants. However, both groups had an optimal level of prediction at intermediate inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) (750 and 1000 ms). As ISI increased, both groups, although more so in AD, elicited a greater proportion of SRTs below -200 ms and -400 ms. This may suggest that as ISI increased, participants switched from a predictive to an anticipatory/guessing strategy. At an ISI of 500 ms, NC’s learning capacity was greater than AD participants. Cognitive scores of neuropsychological tests did not correlate with learning capacity in NC. However, learning capacity in AD participants was positively correlated with working memory capacity and attentional control.
The memory-guided paradigm revealed AD participants completed less viable trials, less correct trials, and had more combined directional and timing errors than NC. Cognitive correlations showed that NC’s working memory capacity positively correlated with the frequency of correct trials, whilst negatively correlating with saccade errors. Since AD participants completed 10% of viable trials correctly, the task may have been too difficult for AD participants to comprehend, rendering correlations invalid.
These findings suggest that although the predictive paradigm does not solely assess for prediction, it may provide a measure to cognitively differentiate NC from AD patients, and detect AD severity. Since the memory-guided paradigm may be too difficult for AD participants, it may provide a better indicator of cognitive changes associated with healthy aging.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Human Rights, Legitimacy, and Global Justice: Deconstructing the Liberal Theory of International Relations

contributor:
Kymlicka, Will
Philosophy

subject:
Liberal
Human Rights
Cosmopolitanism
Statism

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Philosophy) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-21 14:40:51.218

abstract: This dissertation examines liberal statist and liberal cosmopolitan attempts to explain global justice. It argues that liberal statists misidentify their own commitments regarding human rights, and that once these implications are drawn out, many statist and cosmopolitan theories of global justice converge on several of their central positions. Although statists and cosmopolitans differ in their methodologies, emphasis, epistemic commitments, and some logical commitments of their respective positions, I argue that they are nonetheless committed to many of the same positions about practices in the sphere of global justice. They share elements of a logical structure, based in liberal domestic principles, which commits them to similar practical implications. Their convergence is most visible in an examination of their human rights commitments. They nonetheless differ in their analytic priorities, and hence in the ease with which they arrive at many of their insights and conclusions. In particular, despite Rawls’s denial of the desirability or feasibility of cosmopolitanism, he shares many practical commitments with cosmopolitans such as Tesón, Beitz, Buchanan, Tan and Caney. Their shared liberal egalitarian premises arising from liberal domestic theory result in convergence on what they take to be the central questions of global justice, and moreover on their answers to these central questions. Liberal theories on both sides of the cosmopolitan and statist divide endorse a practical approach to human rights that links human rights compliance with such practical global justice privileges as non-intervention, humanitarian aid, treaty relations, and even tolerance. And this convergence entails a more united liberal account of global justice than theorists on either side of the statist and cosmopolitan divide have been willing to admit.

abstract: PhD


title: The Acute Effects of Ambient Temperature Exposure on Mental Illness Related Emergency Room Visits in the City of Toronto

contributor:
Ouellette-Kuntz, Hélène
Lavigne, Eric
Chen, Bingshu
Community Health and Epidemiology

subject:
Temperature
Mental Illness
Extreme Heat

abstract: Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-24 14:46:14.57

abstract:
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of extreme ambient temperature on hospital emergency room (ER) visits related to mental and behavior disorders in Toronto, Canada.
Methods: A time series study was conducted using health and climatic data from April 1st 2002 to March 31st 2010. Relative risks for increases in ER visits were estimated for specific mental and behavior disorders (MBD) after exposure to hot and cold temperatures while using 50th percentile of the mean temperature distribution as the reference. The non-linear nature of the exposure–outcome relationship was accounted for using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM).  The effects of seasonality, humidity, day of the week and outdoor air pollutants (CO2, O3, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2) were also adjusted.
Results: We observed positive associations between elevated mean temperatures and hospital ER visits for MBD. For hot temperatures, significant increases in ER visits for MBD were observed after a mean temperature threshold of about 24°C. The association generally lasted about 3 to 4 lag days with the strongest effect occuring at lag 0 (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.09).  Similar trends and associations were observed for specific mental illnesses such as mood, neurotic, substance abuse, and schizophrenia related disorders. Cold temperature associations were only observed for schizophrenia.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that extreme temperature poses a risk to the health and wellbeing for individuals with mental and behavior disorders. Patient management and education may need to be improved as extreme temperatures become more prevalent.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Organohalogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants in American Eel (Anguilla Rostrata) Captured in Eastern Canada

contributor:
Brown, R. Stephen
Alaee, Mehran
Chemistry

subject:
Persistent Organic Pollutants
Mass Spectrometry
American Eel
Gas Chromatography

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-23 09:27:59.593

abstract:
Recruitment of American eels (Anguilla rostrata) to Lake Ontario has declined rapidly over the past few decades. The commercial yellow eel fishery in Lake Ontario was closed in 2004 due to a lack of eel abundance. Researchers have been attempting to ascertain the reasons for the decline, although thus far, without definitive answers.
In this thesis, the question of chemical contamination is addressed as it relates to female eel spawner quality. Spatial concentration trends of halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are described in eels collected from across eastern Canada, as well as temporal concentration trends in eels collected from a historically important area of northeastern Lake Ontario, Canada. Chlorinated POPs in eels, namely, organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans are all significantly less than historic values which peaked in the 1960-70s. Measured concentrations of chlorinated POPs in eels from Lake Ontario have decreased by up to 3-fold over the past three decades, and exceeded toxicity thresholds historically for surrogate species (European eel and lake trout). Thus, chlorinated POPs may have had an effect on spawner quality. Concentrations of legacy POPs in eels were dependent on their origin, with eels from highly urbanized and industrialized areas having significantly higher concentrations than eels captured in less developed regions. Similar trends were observed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers and chlorinated norbornene flame retardants. A number of emerging brominated compounds were also measured in these eels by non-target analysis including bromophenols, bromobenzenes, and bromoanisoles. This thesis demonstrates that eels are an ideal species to investigate local sources of pollution, and provide chemical data that may be used in the future, when more toxicity information is available for eels, to assess the health risks posed by accumulated chemical contaminants.

abstract: PhD


title: Establishing Total Airflow Requirements for Underground  Metal/Non-metal Mines based on the Diesel Equipment Fleet

contributor:
De Souza, Euler
Mining Engineering

subject: diesel quantity airflow underground mining

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mining Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-23 22:33:11.36

abstract:
Traditionally, ventilation requirements for modern, mechanized underground mines have been based upon the power of the diesel equipment fleet, with a multiplier (determined from empirical data collected and compiled over a long period of time or required by regulations) being applied in order to determine the total airflow volume requirements of entire mines and/or individual sections or working areas.  Often, in the absence of unusual geographic, climatic or geologic conditions that warranted special consideration, the airflow required for the dilution of diesel exhaust products would provide sufficient ventilation for the entire mine.  However, recent studies regarding the health-effects of diesel exhaust, particularly the relationship between exposure to diesel emissions and cancer in humans, coupled with additional scrutiny on so called greenhouse gas emissions, have resulted changes to the regulations for engine and equipment manufacturers to provide cleaner burning and less polluting equipment; and are currently causing profound uncertainty in the mining industry.  This influence is particularly felt in the case of ventilation engineers and those involved in long-term mine planning who have responsibility for designing the ventilation systems of both existing and future mining projects around the world.

This thesis identifies the major parameters affecting airflow requirements for diesel-powered mining equipment and examines how each of them will change in scale and scope in the aftermath of regulatory changes mandating drastic reductions in the type and amount of diesel engine emissions.  Culminating from this research, a new procedure for making total airflow determinations based on the underground diesel equipment fleet is proposed and tested with a practical case-study.

Ultimately, the determination of the amount of airflow required for an underground mining operation or other sub-surface facility can depend on several factors, including the equipment fleet, ambient temperature, rock type, mining method and airway type (or use).  Obtaining a universal, repeatable protocol for determining airflow quantities required for underground diesel equipment fleets is in the best interest of the industry as a whole, including ventilation practitioners, mine-planning engineers, mining financiers, executives, equipment manufacturers, and of course, the mine workers themselves, who perhaps have the most at stake of anyone involved in the equation.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Ontario’s Home First Approach, Care Transitions, and the Provision of Care:  The Perspectives of Home First Clients and Their Family Caregivers

contributor:
Jamieson, Margaret
Rehabilitation Science

subject:
Home Support Workers
Home Health Care
Community Care
Older Home Support Clients
Elder Care
Discharge Planning
Relationships
Family Relationships
Nursing Home
Ontario Health Care
Canadian Health Care
Placement
Home First
Transition Management
Care Transitions
Aging in Place
Maintaining Independence
Caregiving
Community Health and Support Services
Community Long-Term Care
Family Carers
Frail Seniors
Client Satisfaction
Hospital Discharge
Health Care
Older People
Aged
Frail Elderly
Aging
Elderly
Supportive Home Care
Client Perspectives
Long-Term Care
Quality of Care
Evaluation of Services
Care Planning
Risk
Decisions
Case Management
Communication
Independence
Home Care
Constraints on Care Provision
Maintaining Independence
Qualitative Research
Family Caregivers
Nursing Home Placement
Qualitative Description
Program Evaluation
Alternative Level of Care
Patient Discharge
Self-Care
Formal Care
Aged Care
Informal Care
Post-Discharge Care
Home Support
Community Support Services
Health Services Research

abstract: Thesis (Master, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-23 16:10:53.323

abstract:
Home First is an Ontario transition management approach that attempts to reduce the pressure on hospital and Long Term Care (LTC) beds through early discharge planning, the provision of timely and appropriate home care, and the delay of LTC placement. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to obtain descriptions from South Eastern Ontario Home First clients and their family caregivers of their experiences with and thoughts about care transitions, the provision of care, and the Home First approach. The goal was to enable insight into the Home First approach, care transitions, and the provision of care through access to the perspectives of study participants. Nine semi structured interviews (and one or more follow-up calls for each interview) with Home First clients discharged from hospitals in South East Ontario and their family caregivers were conducted and their content analyzed.
All participating Home First clients were pleased to be home from hospital and did not consider LTC placement a positive option. All had family involved with their care and used a mix of formal and informal services to meet their care needs. Four general themes were identified: (a) maintaining independence while responding (or not) to risks, (b) constraints on care provision, (c) communication is key, and (d) relationship matters.
Although all Home First clients participating in the study were discharged home successfully, a sense of partnership between health care providers, families, and clients was often lacking. The Home First approach may be successfully addressing hospital alternative level of care issues and getting people home where they want to be, but it is also putting increasing demands on formal and informal community caregivers. There is room for improvement in how well their needs and those of care recipients are being met. Health professionals and policy makers must ask caregivers and recipients about their concerns and provide them with appropriate resources and information if they want them to become true partners on the care team.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Understanding the Mechanism of Motility of the Heterodimeric Kinesin-14 KAR3VIK1

contributor:
Allingham, John
Biochemistry

subject:
Motility
Candida Glabrata
Ashbya Gossypii
N-C Termini Interaction
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
c-terminal kinesin
Heterodimer
Minus-End Directed Motility
Kinesin
Microtubules
Mitosis

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Biochemistry) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-23 10:31:52.885

abstract:
The kinesin-14 Kar3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) is a C-terminal motor that forms a heterodimer with the kinesin-accessory protein Vik1. Although Vik1 possesses a typical kinesin motor domain (MD) fold, it lacks a nucleotide-binding site. However, it binds microtubules with affinities that can be regulated Kar3’s nucleotide state. This implies intermolecular communication between its subunits. This thesis aimed to understand this communication by studying the structures and functions of Kar3Vik1 orthologs.
First, we biochemically characterized Kar3 from Ashbya gossypii (Ag) and determined the crystal structure of its MD. It was shown that the active site features of the AgKar3MD are similar to that of the ScKar3 R598A mutant, and that the β1 lobe at the edge of the MD was unique in structure and amino acid content. These results may provide a rationale for the unique enzymatic properties of this motor that could be relevant to its interaction with AgVik1 and function in Ashbya gossypii.
We also determined the crystal structures of Kar3 and Vik1 orthologs from Candida glabrata (Cg). While the CgKar3MD structure was very similar to that of ScKar3MD, crystals of CgVik1 captured three novel conformations of the Vik1 motor homology domain (MHD). We observed that when the N-terminal neck helix docks against the MHD core in two unique positions, the C-terminus resembling neck mimics of kinesin-14 motors also docks against the neck-core junction. However, when the neck is non-helical and disengaged from the MHD, the C-terminus is undocked and disordered.
To assess the functional importance of these N- and C-terminal segments of Vik1 MHD, we created CgKar3Vik1 constructs whose Vik1 subunit contained either a point mutation or complete truncation of the C-terminus (neck mimic), and analyzed their biophysical properties. All mutants showed defective ATPase activity and microtubule-gliding ability. Characterization of the mutations in CgVik1MHD by molecular dynamics simulations showed that residues Ile578 and Asn580 are not only involved in stabilizing interactions between the neck and neck mimic but they also influence and respond to conformational changes of the neck. These observations implicate the N- and C-termini of Vik1 as a key element of Kar3Vik1 function and communication.

abstract: Chapter 4 of this thesis contains data that we want to publish soon.

abstract: PhD


title: The Synthesis of Cellulose Graft Copolymers Using Cu(0)-Mediated Polymerization

contributor:
Cunningham, Michael F.
Champagne, Pascale
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Biomass
Chemical Engineering
Cellulose
Controlled Radical Polymerization
Graft Copolymers
Polymer Chemistry

abstract: Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-27 16:21:03.874

abstract:
Cellulose is the most abundant renewable polymer on the planet and there is great interest in expanding its use beyond its traditional applications.  However, its hydrophilicity and insolubility in most common solvent systems are obstacles to its widespread use in advanced materials.  One way to counteract this is to attach hydrophobic polymer chains to cellulose: this allows the properties of the copolymer to be tailored by the molecular weight, density, and physical properties of the grafts.  Two methods were used here to synthesize the graft copolymers: a ‘grafting-from’ approach, where synthetic chains were grown outward from bromoester moieties on cellulose (Cell-BiB) via Cu(0)-mediated polymerization; and a ‘grafting-to’ approach, where fully formed synthetic chains with terminal sulfide functionality were added to cellulose acetate with methacrylate functionality (CA-MAA) via thiol-ene Michael addition.
	The Cell-BiB was synthesized in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and had a degree of substitution of 1.13.  Polymerization from Cell-BiB proceeded at similar but slightly slower rate than an analogous non-polymeric initiator (EBiB).  The average graft density of poly(methyl acrylate) chains was 0.71 chains/ring, with a maximum of 1.0 obtained.  The graft density when grafting poly(methyl methacrylate) was only 0.15, and this appeared to be due to the slow initiation of BiB groups.  Using EBiB to model the reaction and improve the design should allow this to be overcome.  Chain extension experiments demonstrated the living behaviour of the polymer.
	The CA-MAA was synthesized by esterification with methacrylic acid.  Reactions of CA-MAA with thiophenol and dodecanethiol resulted in quantitative addition of the thiol to the alkene.  The grafts were synthesized by Cu(0)-mediated polymerization from a bifunctional initiator containing a disulfide bond, followed by reduction to sulfides.  The synthetic polymers were successfully grafted to CA-MAA but the grafting yield was limited by the low sulfide functionality. Better retention of sulfide functionality is necessary for more efficient grafting.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Large-eddy simulation of unidirectional turbulent flow over dunes

contributor:
Piomelli, Ugo
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
Geophysical flows
Transverse dunes
Barchan dunes
Turbulence simulation

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-27 18:58:48.969

abstract: We performed large eddy simulation of the flow over a series of two- and three-dimensional dune geometries at laboratory scale using the Lagrangian dynamic eddy-viscosity subgrid-scale model. First, we studied the flow over a standard 2D transverse dune geometry, then bedform three-dimensionality was imposed. Finally, we investigated the turbulent flow over barchan dunes. The results are validated by comparison with simulations and experiments for the 2D dune case, while the results of the 3D dunes are validated qualitatively against experiments. The flow over transverse dunes separates at the dune crest, generating a shear layer that plays a crucial role in the transport of momentum and energy, as well as the generation of coherent structures. Spanwise vortices are generated in the separated shear; as they are advected, they undergo lateral instabilities and develop into horseshoe-like structures and finally reach the surface. The ejection that occurs between the legs of the vortex creates the upwelling and downdrafting events on the free surface known as “boils”. The three-dimensional separation of flow at the crestline alters the distribution of wall pressure, which may cause secondary flow across the stream. The mean flow is characterized by a pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices, with core radii of the order of the flow depth. Staggering the crestlines alters the secondary motion; two pairs of streamwise vortices appear (a strong one, centred about the lobe, and a weaker one, coming from the previous dune, centred around the saddle). The flow over barchan dunes presents significant differences to that over transverse dunes. The flow near the bed, upstream of the dune, diverges from the centerline plane; the flow close to the centerline plane separates at the crest and reattaches on the bed. Away from the centerline plane and along the horns, flow separation occurs intermittently. The flow in the separation bubble is routed towards the horns and leaves the dune at the tips. Barchan dunes induce two counter-rotating streamwise vortices, along each of the horns, which direct high-momentum fluid toward the symmetry plane and low-momentum fluid near the bed away from the centerline.

abstract: PhD


title: Scanning Photocurrent and Photoluminescence Imaging of Frozen Polymer Light Emitting Electrochemical Cells

subject:
OBIC
polymer
optical scan
LEC
optical beam induced current
light emitting electrochemical cells
photocurrent

abstract: Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-28 12:52:14.171

abstract:
A polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is a solid-state polymer device operating according to in situ electrochemical doping and the formation of a light-emitting polymer p-n junction.  This operating mechanism, however, has been the subject of much debate.  Planar LECs with millimeter scale interelectrode spacings offer great advantages for directly observing the electrochemical doping process. Photoluminescence quenching and the formation of a light-emitting junction have been observed in planar polymer LECs, demonstrating the existence of electrochemical doping.  The chemical potential difference between the p- and n-doped regions creates a built-in potential/electric field in the junction region, which can be probed by measuring the optical beam induced current (OBIC).
This study utilizes a versatile and easy-to-use method of performing OBIC analysis.  The OBIC and photoluminescence profiles of LECs have been simultaneously measured by scanning a focused light beam across large planar LECs that have been turned on and cooled to freeze the doping profile.  The photoluminescence intensity undergoes a sharp transition between the p- and n-doped regions.  The OBIC photocurrent is only observed in the transition region that is narrower than the width of the excitation beam, which is about 35 μm.  The results depict a static planar polymer p-n junction with a built-in electric field pointing from n to p.  The electrode interfaces do not produce a measurable photocurrent indicating ohmic contact.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Taking the World In

contributor:
Bakhurst, David
Philosophy

subject: Perception Epistemology

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Philosophy) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-29 10:01:52.496

abstract:
It is natural to think that in order to learn about the world from perceptual experience, a person does not need to do anything. All that is required is that she has her eyes open, or her ears unplugged, so that she can receive sensory input from without. On the basis of this input, she can form justified empirical beliefs. This way of thinking about experience is central to many philosophical views about perception. It is my contention that the approach is mistaken, and that in fact it cannot explain how perceptual experience justifies belief. This dissertation argues, in contrast, that perceiving is not something that merely happens to us, but something we do. On my view, experience is a source of justification in virtue of being an activity which aims at knowledge.

In Chapter 1, I present the topic of the dissertation and provide an analytical overview. Chapter 2 discusses and criticizes John McDowell's account of perceptual experience. I argue that McDowell is faced with a dilemma, as his original account mischaracterizes perceptual experience, and his later, revised account cannot explain how perception justifies empirical belief. The solution is to deny a claim common to both: that in experience we are passive. In contrast, I argue that experiencing is a full-fledged activity that is teleologically structured. In Chapter 3, I begin to substantiate my position by drawing on Wittgenstein's rule-following considerations. Chapter 4 supplements this claim by appeal to some features of Alva Noe's enactive view of perception. The resulting account portrays experience as an activity that has knowledge as its end. This explains how experience justifies belief, for it shows how perceptual knowledge cannot but be the result of experiencing going well for one. Chapter 5 argues that perceptual activity can take different forms, varying in complexity, as one aims at knowing features of one's environment. I argue, however, that keeping track of an object is the fundamental mode of perceptual activity. I conclude the dissertation by considering two objections to my account.

abstract: PhD


title: Investigating Factors Influencing Grading Decisions Among Teachers of Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages

contributor:
Cheng, Liying
Education

subject: Grading

subject: Achievement and Non-Achievement Factors

subject: Teacher Candidates

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-29 12:12:27.415

abstract:
The current study investigated teachers’ grading practices on achievement and non-achievement factors in the classroom of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages (TCSOL). Specifically, this study investigated how teachers assigned grades in relation to students’ achievement and non-achievement factors, and further, whether this relationship between achievement and non-achievement factors and grades was different based on teachers’ past experiences.
    This study was a quantitative survey study. The participants were 214 TCSOL teacher candidates at Master’s level in two universities in Beijing, China. The study employed a questionnaire made up of two sections. Section One provided 32 grading scenarios that illustrated 32 students with different characteristics (achievement and non-achievement factors). Section Two included four items on teachers’ past experiences. These items were training in classroom assessment and grading, perceptions about grades previously received, teaching experience, and grading experience. Descriptive and multiple linear regression analyses were the two main statistical methods used.
Results showed that teachers involved both achievement and non-achievement factors when assigning grades. Generally, sixteen students with low achievement received a mean grade higher than their achievement, and most students with high achievement received a lower grade than their achievement. Further, raw grades assigned by 214 teachers to every student demonstrated large standard deviations, indicating teachers’ decisions on grades were quite different from each other. Paired-sample t-tests found significant differences in grades among four students who presented extreme characteristics. Regression results further showed that while achievement was the main factor teachers considered when assigning grades, all of four non-achievement factors also contributed significantly to grades, with attendance being the most significant contributor, followed by effort, progress and ability. This relationship between the mean grades and all five factors did not change when teachers had different experiences in assessment training, perceptions in the grades they previously received, teaching and grading experiences.
    This study expands upon the limited research evidence regarding TCSOL teachers’ grading practices. It confirms the hodgepodge nature of grades in this context. It also provides teacher educators with insights and understanding in teachers’ grading practices, and has implications for preparing future teachers to assign grades appropriately.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: Limiting Liberalism (Multi)cultural Epistemologies, (Multi)cultural Subjects

contributor:
MacDonald, Eleanor
Political Studies

subject:
Postcolonial Theory
Critical Realism
Multiculturalism
Identity Politics
Liberalism

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-29 14:51:51.628

abstract:
The central argument of this text is that the liberal subject is constitutively rather than coincidentally or contingently exclusionary.  From this initial premise, I explore the conceptual and practical inadequacies of liberal articulations of multicultural justice, many of which I argue can be traced back to this exclusionary subject. When making this critique, I frame my analysis around the scholarship of Canadian philosopher Will Kymlicka, whose articulation of a distinctly liberal defense of the value of cultural belonging has shaped much of mainstream theoretical debate on multiculturalism both within Canada and elsewhere.  Although Kymlicka’s work has faced a multitude of critiques from within and without liberal theory, he is widely recognized as the most prominent liberal defender of multiculturalism, and his work has been particularly influential within related discussions of national unity, multicultural accommodation, and national identity in Canada.  I have chosen, then, to focus my critique of liberal multiculturalism on Kymlicka specifically for two reasons. Firstly, due to his prominence within the field and, secondly – and more importantly – because of the instrumental relationship between subject and culture which Kymlicka defends throughout his work.
Despite this critical focus, what is primarily at stake in such a project is a rearticulation rather than a rejection of multiculturalism. While my arguments are based fundamentally on a critical interrogation, and ultimately a rejection, of liberal articulations of multicultural justice, within my project I also offer an alternative model of multiculturalism conceived as a vital form of epistemic cooperation. Such an alternative defense of multiculturalism is rooted in a commitment to the value of everyday experience, a more dialectically formed and culturally embedded sense of self, and finally, a critical and substantive awareness of context, both contemporary and historical.  In making this positive case for a more radical form of multiculturalism expressed through intercultural dialogue/negotiation and a widening of the public sphere, I challenge dominant understandings of the value of multiculturalism defended within liberal theory and the mainstream of Canadian Political Science (CPS).

abstract: PhD


title: The Arabidopsis Putative Calcium Sensor, CML39, is Required for Seedling Establishment Under Carbon Limitation

contributor:
Snedden, Wayne A.
Biology

subject:
CML39
photomorphogenesis
Ca2+ sensor
Arabidopsis
Ca2+ signaling

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-29 18:16:25.769

abstract:
As sessile organisms, coordination of development and reproduction in a dynamic, and often stressful, environment presents a particular challenge for plants. Rapid processing of internal and external cues by complex signal transduction pathways leads to stimulus-appropriate physiological responses on an organismal scale. In plants, myriad signaling pathways are mediated by calcium (Ca2+) signals, and it is thought that different stimuli elicit unique patterns of Ca2+ influx into cells (termed Ca2+ ‘signatures’) that encode information important for proper physiological responses. Encoding of information in the form of Ca2+ signatures requires that decoding elements be present in cells to direct downstream cellular processes. This role is filled by Ca2+-binding proteins that serve as Ca2+ sensors. Interestingly, plant genomes encode multiple expanded families of Ca2+ sensors not found in animal genomes. Among these, the calmodulin (CaM)-like proteins (CMLs) are represented by a 50 member family in Arabidopsis. On the basis of structural homology, CMLs are predicted to function like conserved CaM, however, little work has been done to address this question. Biochemical characterization of CML39 indicates that it possesses structural properties consistent with function as a Ca2+ sensor. Analysis of transgenic CML39 loss-of-function (cml39) mutants revealed that CML39 is important for proper seedling establishment in the absence of exogenous metabolisable carbon as cml39 seedlings entered a state of developmental arrest shortly after germination. cml39 mutants also exhibited a conditional ‘de-etiolated’ phenotype when grown in complete darkness and exaggerated hypocotyl elongation under a short-day light regime. Genetic data suggest that CML39 functions in signaling pathways downstream of light perception, and this idea is supported by the observation that CML39
iii
is expressed in light-sensing tissues, and that subunit 5 of the COP9 signalosome, a protein critical for photomorphogenesis, was identified as a putative target of CML39. Collectively, results show that CML39 is Ca2+ sensor that serves a critical regulatory role during seedling establishment when sucrose is limited, and importantly, further underscore the pervasiveness of Ca2+ signaling in plant growth and development.

abstract: The thesis contains unpublished material which the authors wish to be kept confidential.

abstract: PhD


title: Teleoperated MRI‐Guided Prostate Needle Placement

contributor:
Fichtinger, Gabor
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject: MRI-compatible robotics, teleoperation, bevel-tip needle steering, needle tracking, force sensor

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-30 12:26:18.732

abstract:
Most robotic systems reported for MRI-guided prostate interventions use manual needle insertion, based on a previously acquired image, which requires withdrawing the patient from the scanner multiple times during the procedure. This makes the intervention longer, more expensive and elongating the discomfort to patient and, most importantly, less accurate due to the virtually inevitable motion of the target. As a remedy, automated needle placement methods were proposed, putting human supervision out of the control loop. This thesis presents the development of enabling technologies for human-operated in-room master-slave needle placement under real-time MRI guidance, while the patient is kept in the scanner and having the process of needle placement under continuos control of the physician. The feasibility of teleoperated needle insertion was demonstrated by developing a 1-DOF (degree of freedom) MRI-compatible master-slave system, which was integrated with a 4-DOF robot for transperineal prostate biopsy and brachytherapy. An accuracy study was conducted on a robotic system for MRI-guided prostate needle placement. Different error sources were identified and quantified. This study concluded that errors occurring during needle insertion have the most significant contribution to needle placement error. In order to compensate for these errors, teleoperated needle steering under real-time MRI guidance was proposed. A 2-DOF piezo-actuated MRI-compatible needle steering module was developed and integrated with the aforementioned 4-DOF transperineal robot, yielding a fully actuated 6-DOF (x, y, z, yaw, pitch, roll) robotic platform for MRI-guided prostate interventions. A novel MRI-compatible master robot was also developed to enable teleoperated needle steering inside the MRI room. MRI-compatible controller hardware and software were developed. A novel MRI-compatible force/torque sensor was devised using Fiber Bragg Grating for force measurement in MRI room. Phantom experiments proved the feasibility
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of teleoperated needle steering under real-time MRI guidance. A system was also developed for real-time 3D shape tracking of a bevel-tip needle with Fiber Bragg Grating sensors embedded along the needle shaft. The needle profile was overlaid on the real-time MR image, yielding real time navigation with accuracy better than 0.5 mm. The experimental system is presently being refitted for clinical safety and feasibility trials on real patients.

abstract: PhD


title: Between Heimat and Fremde:  New Configurations of Happiness in Contemporary German Literature and Film

contributor:
Scott, Jill
German

subject:
German film
Angelina Maccarone
Fatih Akin
Feo Aladag
Happiness Studies
Heimat
Katharina Hacker
Doris Doerrie
Franka Potente
Judith Hermann
Shirin Kumm
Transnational Literature
Gregor Hens
Globalization
Transnational Film

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, German) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-30 17:42:26.632

abstract:
This thesis investigates representations of happiness in recent German literature and film. The interpretations focus on how happiness is negotiated in the context of home and travel, of Heimat and Fremde, in order to understand happiness, not only insofar as it contributes to “the good life”, but also as an element that shapes public discourses. My readings of works of fiction take into account how notions of happiness have shifted since the turn of the millennium. One reason for this shift is the heightened interest in happiness research, one of the most thriving interdisciplinary research fields of the last decade, which includes disciplines such as psychology, neurosciences, political science, sociology and economics.
The following texts and films are examined in this context: Sommerhaus, später (1998) and Nichts als Gespenster (2003) by Judith Hermann, Transfer Lounge (2003) by Gregor Hens, Die Habenichtse (2006) by Katharina Hacker, Head-On (German: Gegen die Wand, 2004) by Fatih Akın, When We Leave (German: Die Fremde, 2010) by Feo Aladağ, Der Blick hinab (2007) by Shirin Kumm, Unveiled (German: Fremde Haut, 2005) by Angelina Maccarone, Cherry Blossoms (German: Kirschblüten – Hanami, 2008) by Doris Dörrie and Zehn (2010) by Franka Potente.
 My theoretical framework is informed in part by Sara Ahmed’s 2010 influential study, The Promise of Happiness, which takes a critical view toward recent happiness research from a cultural studies perspective. My analysis is directed at the ways in which concepts of happiness are narrated, negotiated and challenged within the context of transnational stories, which are inscribed with the effects of “supermodernity” (Augé) in a globalized world. I show how these works subvert themes and motifs that are associated with happiness, such as home and Heimat and travel or migration into the West. Finally, my readings show how these works mediate and reflect public dialogues and traditional notions about what makes us happy or unhappy, and I demonstrate how new configurations of happiness arise from these narratives.

abstract: I would like to restrict my thesis in order to work on it for future publications (book/articles).

abstract: PhD


title: Emotional Awareness and Alexithymia: Emotional Processing and Regulation in Adolescence

contributor:
Hollenstein, Tom
Psychology

subject: Adolescence Alexithymia

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-30 23:32:00.87

abstract: The adolescent transition involves a number of changes that for many adolescents result in increased negativity, heightened emotional reactivity, and risk for internalizing symptoms.  The purpose of the present set of studies was to examine the role that emotional awareness has in relation to emotion regulation and to subsequent mood symptomatology in adolescence.  The first study tested the hypothesized relationship between emotional awareness and emotion regulation, specifically, that emotional awareness is a necessary precursor to adaptive regulation efforts.  This study examined the direct and indirect effects of emotional awareness on internalizing symptoms by exploring the extent to which certain emotion regulation strategies influence this relationship.  The purpose of the second and third studies was to examine the association between emotional awareness and emotion regulation as measured by changes across three emotional response domains: 1) physiological arousal, 2) self-reported experience, and 3) observed expression during an ecologically valid emotion elicitation task.  Participants in these studies were identified as alexithymic or non-alexithymic.  Alexithymia involves difficulty identifying and describing emotions and has been used to classify individuals with extremely low emotional awareness.  The second study examined the effects of alexithymia on the three emotional response domains in adolescents.  Because of the high prevalence rates of alexithymia during adolescence, it could be an important vulnerability factor to help explain increases in internalizing symptoms during the adolescent transition.  The purpose of the third study was to examine how patterns of decoupling between physiological arousal, self-reported experience, and observed expression were related to depressive and anxiety symptoms in alexithymic individuals.  Overall, findings confirmed that emotional awareness is an important precursor to adaptive emotion regulation efforts.  In addition, emotion regulation emerged as a more proximal mechanism in the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms in individuals with low emotional awareness.  At a theoretical level, this research has guided our understanding of emotional processing and regulation.  At a practical level, results from this program of research will help guide intervention and treatment approaches for adolescents with low emotional awareness.

abstract: PhD


title: Investigating Organic Nitrate Tolerance and Alzheimer's Disease: Roles for Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 and 4-Hydroxynonenal

contributor:
Bennett, Brian M.
Pharmacology and Toxicology

subject:
Oxidative Stress
Organic Nitrates
4-Hydroxynonenal
Nitrate Tolerance
Alzheimer's Disease
Nitroglycerin
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Pharmacology & Toxicology) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-31 11:10:58.145

abstract:
Organic nitrates, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), have been used clinically for more than a century. However optimal nitrate therapy is hindered by the development of tolerance, which is associated with a desensitized response to GTN, oxidative stress, and the inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). This thesis evaluated the ALDH2 inactivation hypothesis of GTN tolerance and investigated the role of oxidative stress in GTN tolerance mediated by the lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE).
	 Evidence for a direct role of ALDH2 in nitrate action was sought using a stably transfected cell line that overexpressed ALDH2, or siRNA to deplete endogenous ALDH2. Neither manipulation altered GTN-induced cGMP formation, indicating that ALDH2 does not mediate GTN bioactivation and tolerance. In a second study using an in vivo GTN tolerance model and a cell culture model of nitrate action, a marked increase in HNE adduct formation was detected in GTN-tolerant tissues, and treatment with HNE reduced the cGMP and vasodilator responses to GTN, thus mimicking GTN-tolerance. Together, the results suggest a primary role for HNE in the development of GTN tolerance, and provide the framework for a unified hypothesis that accommodates the previous findings of sulfhydryl depletion, ALDH2 inactivation and oxidative stress that are associated with nitrate tolerance.
	Studies have implicated oxidative stress and increased HNE formation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It was hypothesized that the gene deletion of ALDH2 would result in increased HNE-adduct formation leading to impaired cognitive function, and AD-like pathological changes. We observed a marked increase in HNE-adduct formation in Aldh2-/- mouse hippocampi as well as hyperphosphorylated tau, activated caspases, age-related changes in hippocampal amyloid βeta1-42 (Aβ1-42), post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (pCREB) expression, endothelial dysfunction and other vascular pathologies. These data provide further evidence for the importance of HNE and oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis, and establish Aldh2-/- mice as a new, oxidative stress-based animal model of age-related cognitive impairment and AD.

abstract: PhD


title: Examining the Relationship between Pumping Energy and Geographically-Targeted Water Conservation Measures in Municipal Water Distribution Networks

contributor:
Filion, Yves R.
Civil Engineering

subject: water distribution network energy requirements

subject: water conservation planning

abstract: Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-31 14:20:18.363

abstract:
Municipal water distribution systems are operated and maintained by utilities whose first priority is the safe and reliable provision of drinking water to consumers. The cost to move and treat water through distribution networks is significant and can account for up to 80% of a utility’s energy costs. As these networks age, operating and maintenance costs continue to increase due to higher incidences of leaks and breaks and increased pipe friction leading to higher energy use. Many utilities are considering water conservation as a strategy to reducing their energy consumption by reducing the amount of water being pumped and treated in their jurisdictions.
This work studies the pumping energy response of a distribution system when water conservation strategies are implemented in small geographic areas in the network. A water conservation plan is tailored to each defined area by specifying which conservation measures are feasible to implement, desired by the customer, and are attractive to the utility based on a potential return on investment in the form of reduced electricity bills to pump and treat water. Energy intensity and energy elasticity indicators are developed to assess the mechanical energy used in a network to distribute water to end-users. A case study for the City of Kingston water distribution system is presented. The distribution system studied indicated that when water conservation strategies produced marginal water savings, the energy response was inelastic to changes in water demand. The amount of energy required to move one cubic metre of water through the network increased with higher water savings because the percent savings of water was higher than the percent savings of pumping energy.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Mercury and Stable Isotopes in Common Terns (Sterna Hirundo) from the St. Lawrence River: A Comparison Between Breeding and Winter Habitats

contributor:
Campbell, Linda M.
Hodson, Peter
Biology

subject:
Mercury
Common Terns
Ecotoxicology
Isotopes

abstract: Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-01 19:35:59.665

abstract: The Common tern (Sterna hirundo) is considered a sentinel wildlife species for monitoring mercury (Hg) and other contaminants within the St. Lawrence River Cornwall/Massena Areas of Concern (AOC). Here, I investigate the relationship between Hg bioaccumulation and diet using stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in adult and chick Common terns from three colonies along a 160 km transect of the upper St. Lawrence River. The foraging range of the colony furthest downstream (EMC) includes both the Massena and Cornwall AOC’s while the two upstream colonies (213 and Ice) are more removed from known point sources of Hg. I also sampled winter- and summer-grown breast feathers to compare diet and Hg exposure on the terns’ breeding ground vs. the terns’ wintering grounds. Hg exposure in summer-grown feathers was significantly higher than Hg exposure in winter grown feathers. Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes revealed a switch from a marine-based diet during the winter months to a freshwater-based diet on the breeding grounds. Among colonies in summer-grown and chick feathers, the only significant difference in total mercury (THg) exposure was found in chick feathers where Hg was significantly lower at 213 than Ice – both of which are upstream from the AOC’s.  However, THg was negatively correlated with δ13C in both winter and summer feathers, and the most parsimonious multi-regression model for winter and summer feathers indicated that δ13C explains 24 and 25% of the variation in Hg exposure, respectively. This suggests terns foraging offshore bioaccumulate more Hg than individuals foraging inshore or in freshwater (winter feathers), and that during the breeding period, terns foraging in pelagic habitats bioaccumulate more Hg than terns foraging in littoral habitats (summer feathers). For the upper St. Lawrence River, these results provide strong evidence that foraging habitat is more important than colony location in determining Hg exposure in a top trophic consumer.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: An appeal for the consideration of the mimetic theory of René Girard

contributor:
Smith, Mick
Philosophy

subject: mimetic theory, girard, triangular desire, desire and religion, violence and religion, sacrifice, human sacrifice

abstract: Thesis (Master, Philosophy) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-03 14:15:30.176

abstract: The Mimetic Theory (MT) of René Girard promises a new landscape for the humanities. In this paper I will outline MT, giving a brief overview of the terrain and how the theory works, defend MT against criticisms made against it, and argue that MT ought to be evaluated by a wider academic audience.

abstract: M.A.


title: Essays on the Economics of Language and Language Policy

contributor:
Boadway, Robin W.
Economics

subject:
Language Policy
Second Language Aquisition
Public Economics

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Economics) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-06 12:06:34.747

abstract:
This thesis concerns the economic dimensions of second language knowledge and acquisition and the economic implications of language policies. The value of the ability to speak and understand a second language depends on the extent to which it enlarges one's communicative sphere which, in turn, depends on the language abilities of others. This implies that second language acquisition decisions are associated with strategic considerations and spillover effects. Consequently, the equilibrium distribution of language skills may not be socially efficient and policy remedies may be called for.
The first essay of the thesis investigates the relationship between earnings, second language knowledge and the distribution of language skills in local labour markets in Canada using census data. We estimate the elasticity of local language complementarity in earnings: a parameter that measures the importance of the linguistic environment in the earnings of the individual as well as the importance of language in the economy generally.
The second essay addresses the efficiency of second language acquisition decisions in a theoretical model where bilingualism is rewarded with a higher wage for two reasons. First, language skills constitute a form of human capital in the sense that a worker's productivity is positively related to the proportion of the population with whom she shares a language. Second, language skills serve as a signal of productivity to employers. In general, the private and social benefits of bilingualism do not align due to counteracting network and signalling welfare effects.
The third essay concerns the role of language policy in improving social outcomes. A tax-subsidy system is considered under various assumptions about the ability of the government or planner to discriminate between individuals and groups. A Pareto improvement is possible if the government can condition the tax-subsidy system on language acquisition costs but not otherwise.
The fourth essay considers the optimal provision of public services when individuals' effective consumption of the services depends on their proficiency in the language they are provided in. The planner faces a trade-off between compensating minority language speakers for their lower wages and encouraging their integration by rewarding higher levels of dominant language proficiency.

abstract: PhD


title: Biochemical Responses of Arctic Soil Communities to Anthropogenic Stress

contributor:
Walker, Virginia K.
Biology

subject:
Environmental Science
Biology
Microbiology

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-03 22:36:24.182

abstract: We are living in the era of climate change which becomes more complicated whenever some new environmental issue emerges only to get linked with this already existing challenge. Engineered nanoparticle (NP) contamination is of such issue which may become a major environmental problem under some circumstances in the decades to come. NP-based technologies have proven themselves useful and have the potential for greater promise, but they could become more than a nuisance. Unfortunately, very limited information is available on the environmental impacts of NPs in general and soil in particular. In this thesis, I examined the impact of NPs on soil microbial communities and by trying to avoid the presence of existing NPs I used soil from arctic regions. To examine the effect of another anthropogenic change on the same soil, I investigated the impacts of freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). This thesis demonstrated that Ag-NPs and Cu-NPs cause a shift in microbial communities. The use of culture-dependent and culture-independent assessment techniques for microbial communities inspired the development of a toxicity indicator. This tool assigned the highest toxicity index to Ag-NPs and a low toxicity to SiO2-NPs. Supporting in vitro studies confirmed that Bradyrhizobium canariense was particularly sensitive towards Ag-NPs. Further analysis showed that a mixture of Ag-, Cu-, and SiO2-NPs were toxic. FTCs were also a significant stress; they had a differential impact upon soil communities derived from different arctic sites. My results suggest that the impact of climate change at high latitudes may not be predictable. Finally, I used a FTC regime shown not have an impact on low arctic sites and compared two different concentrations of Ag-NPs and Ag-microparticles and validated the higher toxicity impact of Ag-NPs on both bacterial and fungal communities. Taken together, these findings represent an initial attempt to try to understand the impacts of two stresses attributable to human activities on arctic soils, soils that are crucial to the health of our planet.

abstract: Portion of my research has not been published yet.

abstract: PhD


title: The Acute Impact of a Single Dose of Resveratrol on Insulin Sensitivity, Whole Body Fat Oxidation, and Intracellular Signaling in Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Overweight and Obese Men

contributor:
Gurd, Brendon J.
Kinesiology and Health Studies

subject:
Placebo
Resveratrol
Supplement
Obesity
Insulin Sensitivity
SIRT1
Fatty Acid Oxidation

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-06 13:30:03.522

abstract: Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural compound that improves mitochondrial function and metabolic health in animal models. Thus far, RSV’s effects on metabolic outcomes in humans are controversial, and RSV’s acute mechanism has not yet been confirmed in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an acute dose of RSV on insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation, and to determine RSV’s mechanism of action in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Overweight males (n=8; BMI, 30.5±3.6; VO2peak, 34.0±7.3 ml/kg) reported to the lab on 2 occasions and were provided a breakfast supplemented with 0.3g of RSV or a placebo pill. Experiments were performed in random order using a double blind crossover design. Gas exchange measures, blood samples, and skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained before and 2 hours after the supplement meal. RSV acutely improved insulin sensitivity, but had no effect on fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, RSV supplementation had no effect on the intracellular signaling of key proteins proposed to mediate its effects in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Taken together, these results suggest a single dose of RSV can acutely enhance insulin sensitivity, but its mechanism of action is not conserved across species, and its intracellular signaling pathway is different in humans than previously thought. Due to its insulin sensitizing effect, RSV retains its clinical value, but further research is required to determine its most useful application for human metabolic health.

abstract: M.Sc.