title: Body Image and HIV: Exploring the Stories of HIV-Positive Women

contributor:
Greene, Saara
Sinding, Chris
Sinding, Chris
Social Work

subject:
Body image
HIV
Women
Feminist
Narrative
Postmodern
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: This study explored the relationship that HIV-positive women have constructed with their bodies both pre-HIV and post-HIV diagnosis. The research was based on feminist and postmodernist theoretical perspectives and narrative based qualitative interviews with six HIV-positive women residing in Ontario. The women’s narratives formed the basis of the data analysis. The findings revealed stories of women’s complex relationships with their bodies that were influenced by cultural discourse of the female body, change to their bodies post-HIV, side effects of HIV medications, a yearning to change their bodies with cosmetic procedures, and HIV-related stigma. While women’s stories illustrated reflections from the past and present, their stories also moved non-linearly through time. These stories challenged the idea of a grand truth about how women experience their bodies and suggested women’s relationship with their bodies is an active and fluid process. The theoretical perspectives of this research and the stories of HIV-positive women provided implications for future social work practice and research. Feminist and postmodern approaches are encouraged in future research and practice to promote non-silencing and non-pathologizing experiences for HIV-positive women. The stories shared by women suggested that the dominant model of female beauty affects the relationship constructed with their bodies and shapes the lives of women both pre-HIV and post-HIV diagnosis. These stories validated that body image concerns are indeed present in women living with HIV, just as they are present for HIV-negative women.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Schenker and Schoenberg: A critical comparison of two analytical methods, with reference to the first movement of Beethoven's Appassionata Sonata.

contributor:
Renwick, William
Music Criticism

subject:
Other Music
Other Music

abstract: Schenker and Schoenberg are the two most important and influential theorists of the early twentieth century. Yet Schenker's theory of the Ursatz, or fundamental structure, is viewed by many as contradictory to Schoenberg's Grundgestalt concept. It is remarkable that such brilliant theorists from Vienna could develop such profound and different theoretical concepts. However, In spite of the dispute that is continued to this day among Schenker's and Schoenberg's followers , the two theories need not be considered opposites. This thesis demonstrates , through a critical comparison of two analyses of Beethoven's Appassionata Sonata, that, although the music is approached from different angles, the analyses are not incompatible, but instead are remarkably similar and complementary to one another. Chapter One briefly reviews Schenker's and Schoenberg's theories and outlines important issues concerning the dispute between the two theorists , highlighted in three relatively recent papers. Chapters Two and Three examine two analyses of the Appassionata Sonata, one of which is Schenker's, the other a Schonebergian approach by Patricia Carpenter. It is concluded In Chapter Four that the two theories contain similarities and complementary features which, if used in conjunction with one another, would present a more complete and well-balanced understanding of musical phenomena than either is capable of on its own.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: 'If their Genius leads them naturally to it:" Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and the Education of Women

contributor:
Walmsley, Peter
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: This study discusses Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's writings on the issue of the education of women, an eighteenth-century English aristocrat who produced an extensive body of letters and other literature. I focus primarily on a number of letters which Montagu wrote to her daughter, the Countess of Bute, during the early 1750s, discussing the education appropriate for the countess' daughters. My approach to these texts involves an awareness of the historical context in which Montagu wrote, particularly of early eighteenth-century educational theory as it was influenced by the writing of John Locke. The thesis is also informed by poststructuralist feminist theory, especially by Judith Butler's ideas concerning normative gender boundaries, subjectivity, and the possibility of a resisting subject. I suggest that Montagu, while constrained by the construction of gender which underpins her culture, employs rhetorical strategies that subvert notions of appropriate gender roles current in her society. Overall, the thesis seeks to elucidate the ways in which the educable female subject postulated by Montagu differs from, and is similar to, the types of female subjectivity already available within her social and historical context. The first chapter of the thesis focuses on Some Thoughts Concerning Education and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke. These texts were highly influential in encouraging the more progressive tendencies in eighteenth-century thought on education, yet had substantial mainstream appeal. Locke's works offer a paradigm against which the subversive nature of Montagu's ideas can be understood. While Locke has long occupied a significant position within the history of philosophy, his Education has received comparatively little critical study, with the issue of gender in this text being almost entirely overlooked. My second chapter engages Montagu's letters on the education of her granddaughters directly, considering the tensions and awkward moments in the texts as areas of conflict between the disruptive potential of her ideas and her need to present her ideas to her audience in a manner which remained intelligible within her social context. As with Locke, relatively little critical work has been written on this subject; consequently, the thesis presents a new perspective on Montagu's thought, focusing on her vision of the educable female subject.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Gifts of Radiance. Contributions of Ethnic Writing to Canadian Literature.

contributor:
Coleman, Daniel
English

abstract: The present thesis proposes a consideration of ethnic literary writing as reshaping Canadian literature from a central position rather than a marginal one. In this sense, my emphasis is on delineating ethnicity, against the current negative trend, as positive difference, as spiritual enrichment. I present my readers with an articulation of "spirituality," the interior sum total of one's identity, as fundamental to cultural signification. As I see it, the most relevant contribution that the immigrant can make to his or her new country is a gift of this spirit, which will later translate into national radiance. The 1920s in Canadian literature were marked by an explosion of such gifts, materialized in the highly articulate immigrant voices that caused a rethinking of "mainstream" literature in relation to ethnic writing. The following chapters concentrate on two such competent literary voices, Frederick Philip Grove and Laura Goodman Salverson. Thus, I propose a reading of Settlers of the Marsh (1925) and The Viking Heart (1923) as novels of spiritual transfer that attempt to bring eloquent interpretations of otherness into coherent Canadian nation building. Like the two writers under my "investigation," I am assuming the insider's position, one that privileges me, as it does them, at least to imagine a negotiation of difference as positive growth.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Paradox of Amalgamation: An Analysis of Municipal Restructuring in Ontario

contributor:
Carroll, Barbara Wake
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: In the mid 1990s the Progressive Conservative Government of Ontario implemented a series of policies that transformed the institutional relationship between the Province and its municipal subordinates. Such policies were designed to create a system that would be more streamlined, rational, and most importantly, cost-effective. To achieve these goals, municipalities across Ontario were consolidated on the assumption that larger municipalities would have the capacity to operate in a more cost-effective manner. Quite perversely however, the opposite effect has been observed as the costs of municipal operations have increased. . Taking such factors into account, this thesis examines the rational surrounding these policy decisions. More specifically, it seeks to answer the following question in the context of organization theory: In light of the empirical evidence that demonstrates that the perceived benefits of municipal consolidation are difficult to attain, why did the Government of Ontario choose to amalgamate municipal governments in an attempt to create a more cost-effective system of municipal governance? I argue that there are two main factors that can account for this policy decision. First, relevant policymakers did not possess the necessary expertise to impose major legislative and structural changes. Secondly, by not sufficiently engaging experts at the municipal level, policymakers placed themselves in a significant knowledge deficit problem. By taking these factors into account, we can begin to understand why this policy decision was taken. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the academic debate on the municipal restructuring policies of the former Progressive Conservative Government of Ontario. Much of the academic literature that has preceded this research tends to take a non-analytical approach. As such, very few theoretical explanations have been offered in an attempt to demonstrate why such a policy was adopted. This research demonstrates the importance of placing policy decisions in an analytical framework.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "All of a Piece": Native Representation and Voice in American Fiction

contributor:
Bowerbank, Sylvia
English

abstract: The oral literature and traditions of North American Indian peoples have sustained Native cultures since the beginnings of time and will continue to do so. However, American literature written by non-Indian authors has been responsible for the "image" of the Indian as we know it today. The purpose of this thesis is to study the emergence of the Indian as a literary figure in American literature, as portrayed in selected works by James Fenimore Cooper and William Faulkner. It goes on to discuss how these often stereotypical representations are now being challenged and recreated by two contemporary Native American authors, N. Scott Momaday and Louise Erdrich, who embody their own uniquely North American understanding of their peoples' experience. In this way, a First Nations perspective on literature is distinct from that of the Western academic and cultural tradition. The thesis will illustrate this difference by examining the issues of representation, voice, and identity. Finally, it will suggest possible approaches for the study and appreciation of Native literature from a Native perspective, since it is only in recent times that words spoken and written in English have provided a means of communication among Indigenous nations. Our stories, past and present, can now be shared in a way that was not available to our ancestors. Therefore, it is now the responsibility of this present generation to ensure that these voices and words are understood and respected.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Conquering the Conqueror: Colonial Discourse as Autoethnography in Jean Rhys's Short Fiction

contributor:
Granofsky, Ronald
English

abstract: Jean Rhys, the English Caribbean's first internationally known writer and its foremost white female author, created a relatively small body of work that includes five novels and over fifty short stories. Her short fiction is noted for its intense subjectivity, spare and elegant prose, and a preoccupation with alienation and forms of entrapment - physical, social and sexual. Most of her writing is memoir-based, and has, in varying degrees, the West Indies as its psychological landscape. Rhy's literary voice articulates a unique form of autoethnographic expression - what I describe as a 'colonizer discourse' that alternately mimics and challenges the English canon and its reductionist inscriptions of the Caribbean, but never questions the superiority of white Creoles over their fellow West Indians. Some critics cite Rhys's articulation of a white Creole subjectivity as her 'achievement' because she calls attention to the discursive process by which a white self is constructed over the black Other. While this is a valid argument it does not consider Rhys's self-conscious championing of the white Creole, her true 'underdog,' through which she seeks to correct distortions and misrepresentations of the Antillean planter class. Writing from a perspective that is firmly entrenched in the nineteenth century world of colonial privilege, she reclaims her history as a subaltern with a view to fight textual control through textuality. Rhys has brought Caribbean literature to the world stage but her 'colonizer discourse' does little to reduce the marginality of non-white Creoles. Her alternative colonial historiography is reminiscent of what Ross Chambers describes as "oppositional behavior... a form of resistance that does not challenge the power in place ... [but] ... has the extremely tricky ability to erode ... the power from which it derives" (1-2). This thesis will examine the ambivalences and paradoxes of Rhys's 'colonizer discourse' through a selection of her 'Caribbean' short stories. It will argue that Rhys's configurations are meant to redeem only the white Creole from Otherness in the European context and that her racial and gender constructions serve this process using a recurring motif of destructive and doomed relationships built on a paradigm of patriarchal Empire and the colonial Island as a dependent and sexualized female.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Four Stories by Luise Rinser: Translation with Commentary

contributor:
Teuscher, G.
Literature

abstract: The work of Luise Rinser, one of the most prolific post-war German writers, is the focus of this thesis. Translations are offered of four stories from her collection entitled Geschichten aus der Löwengrube: Acht Erzählungen: Munjo, The Poet; As in a Mirror; Jacob's Struggle; and Applied Physics. Chapter One contains a biographical sketch of the author, showing how her life, from its beginning until her release from prison at the end of the war, has had a determining effect on both her writing and her political views and involvement. The remainder of the first chapter consists of introductions to the stories, relating them to Rinser's views and philosophy. A young woman seeks personal liberation from the dictates and comforts of her upbringing. An older man, disgusted with the capitalist system of which he is part, allies himself with young environmentalists. A middle-aged woman experiences God in an unusual way and seeks validation of her experience from people trapped by religious orthodoxy. A Gypsy boy seeks deliverance from society's prejudices and stereotypes. Following the actual translations of the stories, the final chapter highlights the problems encountered in the translation process and the proposed solutions to those problems. The most general issues include: the variations in style and register across the four stories; translating colloquial and technical language; reflecting the sentence and paragraph structure of the original text. I found this project extremely useful, acquainting me with the work and character of Luise Rinser, whose writings have thus far received too little exposure in the English-speaking world. The project has also brought into focus for me several major issues facing translators. Translating a number of short works in varying styles has made me a more flexible translator, more open to consideration of different approaches to the task.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Critical Self-gazing: Education For Anti-oppressive Practice

contributor:
Aronson, Jane
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: For the past decade, many Schools of Social Work across Canada have incorporated the anti-oppressive perspective in their course curriculum, despite the many contentions within the profession. Drawing upon my experience as a student of colour in a School of Social Work, this study adopted a qualitative research approach (Mason, 2002) in exploring the experiences of four white students and four students of colour at the McMaster University School of Social Work as they learn about anti-oppressive perspective, in particular, the impact of students' racial identities in their learning. Their reflections shed light on what can be done to support students' learning. The students in this study described the process of learning anti-oppressive perspective as "eye-opening". They expressed that critical reflectivity on their implicated role in the complex network of systemic power relations as indispensable to their learning, but also very challenging and unsettling. The process is full of ambiguities and contradictions, especially when situated in a society filled with contesting ideologies where oppressive practices are often masked with egalitarian i values. Students referred to processes that nourish or hamper the development o~ critical reflectivity. In turn, this elucidated the importance of an education that will illuminate complexities and ambiguities so as to equip students to face the challenges of their future and to work creatively to eliminate oppression.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: A Study of Air-Water, Two-Phase Flow Using the Neutron Attenuation Technique

contributor:
Hoffman, T. W.
Harms, A. A.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
The purpose of this research program was to investigate the void behaviour in a vertical conduit containing a flowing mixture of air and water.

The local void fraction was measured by a neutron attenuation technique which was developed for this study. A neutron beam extracted from McMaster's 2MW Swimming Pool Nuclear Reactor was conditioned to provide a collimated beam of thermal neutrons with low gamma and fast neutron back-ground. An atmospheric vertical upward cocurrent air-water loop was constructed in front of the beam port.

A series of experiments was performed to obtain information on the steady-state radial void profile in the bubbly and annular flow regimes for a 3/4 in. I.D. test section with gas and liquid volumetric fluxes up to about 32 m/sec and 80 cm/sec, respectively. The dynamic behaviour of the system to a perturbation in gas flowrate was measured and compared to that predicted by the void propagation equation.

The adequacy of the netron attenuation method for radial void profile measurements in two-phase flow was ascertained. This was achieved by integrating the measured radial void profile and comparing the resulting cross-sectional average void fraction with that obtained by a trapping method. The neutron attenuation method was also shown to be an excellent tool for flow regime recognition and for testing the flow development. The effect of the statistical fluctuations of the neutron source on its capability for void fraction measurement was examined and a counting strategy was recommended to reduce the resulting bias.

From the steady-state measurements of the radial void profiles and the gas and liquid flowrates, estimates of important flow parameters were obtained for the fully-developed bubbly and annular flow regimes. These estimates indicated that the flow parameters remain essentially constant for a specific flow regime.

To reduce the experimental effort considerably, an alternative method was presented which enables the designer to evaluate these parameters by performing a single experiment where the radial void profile is measured. Based on the momentum equation and Prandtl's turbulent mixing length hypothesis, a general form of the shear stress radical distribution was derived and intergrated to yield the radial profile of the mixture velocity. By combining the radial profiles of the mixture velocity and void fraction, the values of the flow parameters were predicted. The proposed method indicated systematic variations of the flow parameters with the gas and liquid flowrates which were not consistent with observations. The estimated flow parameters, however, were shown to be adequate to predict the average void fraction without introducing appreciable errors.

The results of the current experimental observations and analysis were compared with selected models and correlations which have been used by many designers to describe two-phase flow behaviour. This was due to evaluate the validity of the assumptions made in deriving these models and correlations. In general, this comparison indicated that the present experimental results and model predictions were consistent with expectations and previous observations and predictions. However, many of the published models and correlations were found to yield misleading results and conclusions which were attributed to the simplifying assumptions included in their derivation.

The void propagation equation was applied to predict the transient response of void fraction to perturbations in the gas flowrate in the adiabatic gas-liquid flow system employed. To solve this equation, values of the distribution parameter are required under changing flow conditions. It is usually assumed that the parameter values obtained for steady-state, fully-developed flow are valid under transient developing-slow situations. That is to say that the steady-state distribution parameter pertaining to the local average voidage condition applies in the transient system. Since this parameter cannot be obtained from steady-state experiments under all voidage conditions experienced during the transient, a continuous functional relationship was assumed in order to interpolate over those regions where the parameter cannot be obtained.

An analysis was performed to examine the sensitivity of the predicted void transient response to errors in the distribution parameter. This analysis showed that a comparison between predicted and observed void transient responses should permit the evaluation of the validity of the assumptions made concerning the distribution parameter and its interpolating relationship. A satisfactory agreement between these responses was obtained in bubbly flow. This indicated that the steady-state values of the distribution parameter for fully-developed flow and the assumed interpolating relationship can be used to predict the void transient response in the considered experimental apparatus over the flow conditions studied herein.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Longitudinal Analysis to Assess the Impact of Method of Delivery on Postpartum Outcomes: The Ontario Mother and Infant Study (TOMIS) III

contributor:
Thabane, Lehana
Roman Viveros-Aguilera, Gary Foster
Roman Viveros-Aguilera, Gary Foster
Mathematics and Statistics

subject: The Ontario Mother and Infant Study

subject: generalized estimating equations

subject: generalized linear mixed effect model

subject: hierarchical generalized linear model

subject: Bayesian hierarchical model

subject: Biostatistics

subject: Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series

subject: Biostatistics

abstract:
Postpartum depression has become a major public health concern for women within a specific time period after delivery. Depression is possibly associated with some risk factors such as socioeconomic status, social support, maternal mental and physical health, and history of anxiety. TOMIS III, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, is a prospective cohort to study the associations between delivery method and health and health resource utilization.

Clinically, we investigated the associations between mode of delivery and outcome of postnatal depression, maternal and infant health, and we implied the risk predictors for outcomes by statistical methodology of marginal model with generalized estimating equations (GEE). Statistically, a variety of regression models, namely, generalized linear mixed effect model (GLMM), hierarchical generalized linear model (HGLM) and Bayesian hierarchical model were applied for this analysis and results were compared with GEEs. Some imputation strategies, namely, mean imputation, last observation carrying forward (LOCF), hot-deck imputation and multiple imputation were employed for handling missing values in this study.

Analysis results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant association between mode of delivery and postpartum depression [OR 0.99, 95% CI (0.73, 1.34)]. However, the development of postpartum depression was found to be associated with low income, low mental and physical health functioning, lack of social support, the low number of unmet learning needs in hospital, and English or French spoken at home. Results were consistent for all regression models but GEE provided the best fit and an excellent discriminative ability. GEE models were constructed on different datasets imputed by mean, LOCF, hot-deck and multiple imputation, and LOCF was recommended to handle the missing data in this longitudinal study.

Analyses on the outcome of maternal health and infant health stated that method of delivery had a statistically significant influence on maternal health but no significant impact on infant health. Risks of maternal health problems were associated with cesarean delivery, good/fair/poor infant health, low maternal mental and physical health functioning, lack of care for maternal mental health, and good/fair/poor health before pregnancy. Risks of infant health problems were associated with good/fair/poor maternal health before pregnancy and after discharge, inadequate care or help for infant health, fair/poor community services after discharge, low maternal mental health functioning, non-English or non-French spoken at home, and mothers born outside of Canada.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: From Classical to Unwelded - An Examination of Four Knot Classes

contributor:
Boden, Hans U.
Andrew Nicas, Maung Min-Oo
Andrew Nicas, Maung Min-Oo
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
Knot Theory
Virtual Knots
Welded Knots
Unwelded Knots
Geometry and Topology
Mathematics
Geometry and Topology

abstract: This thesis is an introduction to virtual knots and the forbidden moves, and the closely related classes of welded and unwelded knots. Extensions of the Jones polynomial and the knot group to the various knot types are considered. We also examine the operation of connected sum for virtual and welded knots, and we review the proof that every virtual knot can be untied using the forbidden moves.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Effects of Agency Restructuring on South Asian Social Workers

contributor:
Carranza, Mirna
Aronson, Jane
Sinding, Chris
Social Work

subject:
Restructuring
South Asian
Cultural Sensitivity
Ethno-specific
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: Using a critical, feminist anti-oppressive framework approach this research study investigated the effects of restructuring on South Asian social workers in mainstream and ethno-specific agencies. This exploratory study examined the experiences of South Asian social workers and how restructuring has played a role in their practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five participants. The results indicated that the participants were concerned with 1) increase in bureaucracy and decrease of the social aspect of their work; 2) influence of the Eurocentric foundations of social work and its racist undertones, as well as its implications regarding cultural sensitivity; 3) exercising resistance as a result of the negative impacts of restructuring. The findings demonstrated that the social work profession needs to consider how restructuring uniquely impacts South Asian social workers and their practice. Mainstream and ethno-specific agencies need to consider how increasing bureaucracy and integrating culturally sensitive approaches can be inter-laced with racist undertones. More importantly, these agencies must evaluate how this will impact workers’ practices. Implications for culturally sensitive social work practice and the impacts of restructuring on South Asian social workers and service users are discussed.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CHILD POVERTY REDUCTION ADVOCACY

contributor:
Baker-Collins, Stephanie
Sammon, Sheila
Greene, Saara
Social Work

subject:
poverty reduction
advocacy
neoliberalism
critical analysis
child poverty
social policy
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
In recent years child poverty has become a concern among poverty reduction advocates and social policy actors. This is evident in advocacy efforts of the National Campaign against Child Poverty (Campaign 2000), and the policies embedded within the National Children’s Agenda and the Ontario Government’s Child Poverty Reduction Strategy. In this current era of social policy, advocacy groups have changed the shape of their poverty reduction arguments to suit the current third way social policy approach (Dobrowosky and Jenson, 2004). In Hamilton a local multi-sector poverty reduction advocacy group formed in 2006, the Hamilton Roundtable for Poverty Reduction (HRPR). Initially, this group chose to advocate for poverty reduction through a child centred framework. This research project examines what contributes to this social policy phenomenon as well as the potential consequences of a child focused policy response.

The local advocacy effort of the HRPR to reduce poverty mirrors this larger trend in social policy. In the following chapters I will examine whether and how the HRPR is illustrative of this larger trend and the strengths and weakness of this advocacy approach. As well, I will explore what the implications are for women and other marginalized groups who live in poverty when social policies or programs focus solely on child poverty reduction.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: ALTRUISM: ANALYSIS OF A PARADOX

contributor:
W., Richard T.
Singh, Rama
Griffin, Nicholas
Philosophy

subject:
Altruism
Phenotypic Plasticity
Evolution
Philosophy of Science
Evolution

abstract: Theories that engender fundamental transformations in our world view seldom come perfect from the outset for two reasons. First, the empirical discoveries and theoretical framework necessary for their full explanatory efficacy are often not yet in place. Secondly, as a consequence of the first, some of the auxiliary theories and assumptions they rely upon are often antiquated and erroneous. For these reasons, anomalies are frequent in scientific theories. In this thesis, I discuss some of the major scientific anomalies, including particularly, the paradox of altruism. I suggest that the paradox of altruism arises because one of the most fundamental Mendelian genetic principles is misapplied. I show that today’s explanatory models err in supposing altruism and selfishness to be genetic allelomorphs. The supposition is inconsistent with the field data on altruism, and entails a logical inconsistency in accounting for the evolution of altruism. Largely, the models that purport to resolve the paradox hinge on the conditional expression of the altruistic gene, a move which I argue contradicts the theoretical assumption that engenders the paradox in the first place. I demonstrate from the empirical data that altruism and selfishness are rather plastic phenotypic expressions of a single genotype. And by supplanting the standard neo-Darwinian assumptions with the principle of phenotypic plasticity, I provide a parsimonious account of the evolution and maintenance of altruism which entails no paradox.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: KINSHIP CARE POLICY: EXACERBATING WOMEN'S OPPRESSION THROUGH NEOLIBERAL FAMILIALIZATION

contributor:
Carranza, Mirna
Lee, Bill

subject:
Child welfare
Social reproduction
Social Policy
Women's resistance
Neoliberalism
Feminsm
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: Under neoliberal capitalist globalization, women's poverty and the deepening of women’s oppression and exploitation have been notorious. Indeed, women are facing poverty all over the world, including in industrialized capitalist countries. Women living in poverty and particularly poor single mothers have been targets of the counter neoliberal reform of the capitalist welfare state. This counter reform is a gendered, classist, and complex alteration that has assaulted the social responsibilities and budgets of the welfare state. The impact of neoliberal policies against single mothers is evident in Ontario. However, policymakers continue taking away the assistance and social welfare programs that used to support single mothers. Neoliberal governments have created provincial policies to reinforce women’s unpaid caring responsibilities and to intensify the surveillance and control exerted over poor Ontarian single mothers. This qualitative case study has explores critically the role of neoliberal social policy in Ontario child welfare. Through a feminist approach and using official documentary data, this research analyzes Ontario Kinship Care Policy. The study looks at the historical and social context in which the policy was formulated, depicts the main goals of the policy, and analyzes the policy’s outcomes both, for the system and for women. Possible areas of future research on this policy are listed in the conclusions.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Kierkegaard and the Longing for God

contributor:
Kroeker, Travis
Widdicombe, Peter
Planinc, Zdravko
Religious Sciences

subject: kierkegaard

subject: theology

subject: religious studies

subject: longing

subject: Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion

abstract: A large part of modern Western philosophy defines selfhood as the self’s ability to master itself and psychological wellbeing as the actualization of self-integration. However, as this thesis argues, Kierkegaard’s understanding of longing for God challenges this understanding human identity, especially as it is articulated by Kant and the German Idealists. Through an examination of Kierkegaard’s Concluding Unscientific Postscript and his religious discourses, the thesis argues that Kierkegaard’s theology of longing both undermines the modern psychology understanding of autonomous selfhood and preserves a qualified understanding of autonomy. The thesis argues that Kierkegaard’s theology has much in common with Augustine’s understanding of longing in The Confessions. For Kierkegaard, the longing for God is not just a heteronomous desire for self-annihilation in God. The longing in question is relational and intellectual; it is a response to God’s illuminative self-revelation and self-communicative love. But as relational, the life lived in longing for God is not wholly autonomous either. In prayer the soul experiences its own neediness and imperfections as it begins to experience God’s perfection. Broadly conceived, the thesis explores Kierkegaard’s understanding of this neither . . . nor . . . , that is, his understanding of a religious life lived neither fully autonomously nor fully heteronomously. The thesis argues further that much contemporary scholarship cannot take Kierkegaard’s relational understanding of the God-relationship seriously and therefore misinterprets his understanding of human identity.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Three Journeys into Awareness: A Reading of Isabel Archer, the Coverness and Maisie Farange (With Special reference to Pansy Osmond, Miles and Flora)

contributor:
Aziz, M.
English

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
It is my purpose to demonstrate how, through exposure to evil, three young Jamesian heroines experience a journey from innocence into a fuller awareness of life.

Romantic and idealistic, Isabel Archer finds evil where her heart had looked for love. Through her gradual involvement with Pansy Osmond, Isabel is given an identity with which she can go forward into a new life. As an agent of grace, Pansy is the magic talisman which puts the seal on Isabel's decision to return to Rome. Pansy deepens the poignancy of Isabel's choice.

As a young woman who is as romantic and idealistic as Isabel, the governess, in The Turn of the Screw, innocently supposes tat her lide is enriched by the presence of the two beautiful children who are in her care. Miles and Flora, who appear to embody "the sweet, shy bloom of ideal infancy," are not, however, like Pansy Osmond--a means of grace. They are, themselves, the main source of evil. Their corruption draws demons from beyond the grave who, in their maleficent solicitation of the children, also become sources of evil. The governess copes with her experience of an ever tightening turn of the screw of evil through the agency of two confessions: an oral confession to Douglas and a written confession in the form of a journal.

Maisie Farange, who is perhaps the loveliest of Jame's fictional children, journeys into awareness through exposure to the evil of a morally squalid domestic atmosphere. Maisie, always maintaining her innocence and sense of wonder, matures with charm. Through what she comes to know, it is Maisie, herself, who is an agent of grace. In trying to save the adults of her circle, she surmounts her evil surroundings and moves forward into adolescence.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Budding Rose: Relationships among Henry James's Characters and the effects of these Relationships on Character Development

contributor:
Brasch, J. D.
English

abstract: This thesis explores the complexity of human relationships in Henry James's novels: The Portrait of a Lady, The Bostonians, and The Golden Bowl. Special attention is paid to the influences which James's characters have upon each other. Olive and Ransom's influence on Verena in The Bostonians, Osmond and Madame Merle's influence on Isabel in The Portrait of a Lady, and Amerigo and Charlotte's influence on Maggie in The Golden Bowl, are examined. Both the positive and the negative results of Olive's, Ransom's, Osmond's, Madame Merle's, Amerigo's, and Charlotte's desires are discussed in view of Verena's, Isabel's, and Maggie's growing awareness of themselves and the world around them. Verena, Isabel, and Maggie follow a linear progression from innocence to awareness and the correlation between this progression and the intensity of love is also studied.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Rewriting the Feminine: Nathaniel Hawthorne, and the works of Margaret Fuller and Charlotte Bronte

contributor:
Sigman, Joseph
English

subject:
English
English Language and Literature

abstract: In spite of the disparaging remarks Hawthorne made about the inferior work of the "damned mob of scribbling women" he was both interested in, and ultimately threatened by his feminine counterparts. By their very existence female authors threatened to displace him, since their writings challenged the cultural ideal of womanhood, an ideal created by the traditional patriarchal aesthetic he participated in. Hawthorne dealt with this threat by rewriting, and therefore controlling those he feared. In The Blithedale Romance he fictionalized the life of the nineteenth century feminist, Margaret Fuller. As "Zenobia" Fuller is depicted as a tragic, sinful figure who strains fruitlessly against the natural bonds of her sex. Although Hawthorne is believed to have turned once again to Fuller's life for inspiration when he wrote The Marble Faun, this thesis argues that He was also influenced by Villette, Charlotte Bronte's final novel. The similarity between these two works suggests that Hawthorne rewrote, re-interpreted portions of Bronte's work in his own novel in an effort to establish control over a voice which threatened the primacy of his own.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An Investigation of Small Eye Movements and Contour Interaction in Visual Perception

contributor:
Pritchard, R.M.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: A series of experiments was conducted to examine situational variation in small saccadic eye movements and their relationship to contour effects in visual perception. Both the amplitude distribution and the timing of saccade onsets were found to vary from one situation to another. Interaction between contours was demonstrated over separations of just a few minutes of arc. Where perception of a target contour was relatively unlikely there was a marked shift in the distribution of saccade amplitudes. The notion of a single neural mechanism initiating all saccades and the role of small saccadic eye movements in sustained perception were considered. In addition, similarities between contour interaction and the functional organization of visual cell receptive fields were discussed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Critical Study of Canada Occupationally

contributor:
Hurd, Burton W.
Political Economy and Mathematics

subject: Political Economy

abstract: The dynamic occupational structure of the Dominion of Canada is fraught with continual struggle between the inherent constancy of long-run trends and the fluid complexities of our ever-changing population and technology. The intertwining inseparability of these complications continuously stimulates interest and increasingly arouses the desire for deeper investigation. Herein, I have differentiated for detailed deliberation and integrated for final consummation, the economic structure of Canada occupationally. For the reader's convenience in locating them, all tables and charts in this thesis have been denoted by prefacing the number of the respective table or chart within each chapter, by the Roman number of t hat chapter; for example, table IX-3 is the third table in, and primarily concerned with, chapter nine. It is thus unnecessary, when such are referred to outside their "home" chapter, to footnote chapter location. Some schools of thought may object that I have quoted too much or too copiously, and others that I have substantiated my statements by (1) a direct quotation is used when a concept is much better set forth by another author than I could possibly render it; (2) where another writer has covered a concept roughly similar to that which I wish to convey, I have either paraphrased or summarized his idea and acknowledged same by a "of." footnote; but (3) wherever possible, and constituting the majority of this thesis, everything written is entirely original. Literary acknowledgements have been indicated in the bibliography by an asterisk. Atop this list I would place Mr. Whitworth's Canadian Census Occupational Data, and Mr. Hurd's Contemporary Demographic Movements. The relative value of other volumes and works in the research, preparation, and writing of this thesis varies roughly in proportion with the frequency of their appearance as reference footnotes. It is a privilege to express my appreciation to those who have assisted me in the conception, preparation, and presentation of this thesis. My thanks to Mr. Hurd for his encouragement and helpful judgement. Miss Robinson has tirelessly assisted me in solving the infinitude of intricate problems and details, and constructively criticized every statement. I devotedly thank my wife for her continuous help and unceasing reassurance, for her orderly presentation of the prepared charts herein, for her persistence and accuracy typing the entirety of this thesis. I also wish to thank Statisticians A. H, LeNeveu and R. Ziola (Dominion Bureau of Statistics), Dr. George Haythorne (Department of Labour, Occupational Research), Unemployment Statistics Director Niel L. McKeller (Dominion Bureau of Statistics), Placement Director J. E. Andoff (previously Chief Counsellor, Occupational Information, Department of Veterans Affairs), Librarians M. Meikleham and I. M. Chamberlain, for advice and assistance along the way.

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: FATHERS, PHALLUSES AND FAILURE: BECKETT'S FICTION AS A CRITIQUE OF PATERNALISM

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
The issue of "failure" in the writing of Samuel Beckett is one critics have turned to again and again. Taking up this issue, as introduced by Beckett in "Three Dialogues," this study argues through a reading of Beckett's fiction of the 'forties and 'fifties that the "failure" of Beckett and his narrators is of a highly specific sort and must be understood in the context of the sociopolitical structure depicted in the fiction. This political structure, which is characterized here as "paternalistic," is much the same as that in which Beckett wrote and in which we read his fiction. Beckett's world as depicted in his fiction, this study maintains, is repressively and violently paternalistic, demanding the conformity and submission of human subjects and leaving no room for difference. To "fail" within this context, as Beckett's narrators do, is to fail to conform to the demands of paternalistic society, and to fail knowingly and deliberately is to form a critique of this society.

In this study, then, Beckett's fiction is read as social critique. His humour is seen as having specific targets and serious implications. Like the parodies and

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Trade Unionism in Canada (1921-36)

subject: Political Economy

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: METANARRATIVE AND MEDIA: RETROSPECTIVE ON THE MONTREAL MASSACRE

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: DOMESTIC STATUARY AT POMPEII: THE SCULPTURAL REPERTOIRES OF VENUS, HERCULES, AND DIONYSUS

contributor:
George, M.
Classical Studies

subject: Classics Classics

abstract:
Although the study of public statuary has often overshadowed sculptural pieces discovered in the private context, an examination of domestic sculpture has much to contibute to our knowledge of Roman private life. This thesis examines the sculptural repertoires of Venus, Hercules, Dionysus and his thiasos in an effort to understand the nature of mythological figures in private collections of statuary. The artistic antecedents, sculptural types, placement and function are examined in Pompeii's private context, revealing some interesting commonalities. The religious function of statuary is also addressed, with emphasis on those examples associated with aediculae, niches, and altars.

Chapter 1 examines the goddess Venus' connection with the garden, focusing on sculptural representations of the deity in the gardens of Pompeii. Although the Italic goddess was associated with vegetation, it is the Greek form of the deity which appears in the context of the garden. Semi-draped versions of Venus at Pompeii often depict the goddess in connection with her bath. Several of the statuary types found in the gardens of Pompeii are adaptations of Hellenistic prototypes.

Chapter 2 briefly discusses the hero Hercules' Greek background and transition to Rome. Despite an extremely large atiistic repertoire, it was the Hellenistic prototype created by Lysippos which Roman copyists adapted for display in the Roman garden. Among the statuettes of the hero discovered at Pompeii are examples which may have functioned as religious images.

Chapter 3 discusses representations of Dionysus and his thiasos in the gardens of Pompeii, outlining the god's Greek background and connection with the region. While only three representations of the deity have been discovered in the domestic context, there are numerous examples of his Hellenistic thiasos. The final chapter provides an analysis of all three sculptural repertoires, emphasizing the artistic trends, and placement as an indication of function.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: POST-WAR EFFORTS TO CONTROL THE SPREAD OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS: THE NPT REGIME IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

contributor:
Nossal, K. R.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
The 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, together with the International Atomic Energy Agency's safeguard system, stands at the center of international efforts to control the spread of nuclear weapons. The NPT, in particular, represents the culmination of a decade long debate on the question of non-dissemination. It seeks primarily to halt the spread of nuclear weapons to states not already possessing them, and at the same time, seeks to halt and reverse the existing arms race. Negotiated in the mid-1960's, it was largely a product of its time. More than two decades have elapsed since the NPT was open for signature, and the nuclear environment has changed profoundly.

This study investigates the evolution of the NPT regime from the immediate aftermath of World War II, to the present. It is an attempt, above all, to recapture the historical negotiating context of the NPT in order to account for its provisions, and assess its current stability in light of a new and changing environment.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Changes in Disabled Women's Experiences of the Workplace, Life Spaces and Employment Supports in Hamilton, Ontario

contributor:
Chouinard, Vera
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Little research into the lives of women with arthritic conditions has been conducted by geographers and other social scientists; particularly using qualitative methodologies. We therefore know little about how these women negotiate experiences within Canadian society and space. Further, few researchers to date have viewed people with disabilities as being policy experts, and looked to their lived experiences to inform policy directions. The focus of this feminist geographic study is on explaining the workplace experiences of eighteen women residing in the City of Hamilton, Ontario since acquiring an arthritic condition, and examining how these lived experiences can be used to help assess and improve government employment policies and programs for persons with disabilities.

The experiences of paid employment, the workplace, and changing life spaces investigated include: the types of workplace accommodations these women have sought from their employers; the women's changing views of themselves as being 'productive workers; how experiences in the workplace are affected by experiences in other spaces of daily life; and the government-funded and community support programs they have used to assist them in remaining in the workplace or with the transition to unemployment. The overall objectives are to explain why and how these women's experiences of paid work and the workplace have changed in a particular place, namely the City of Hamilton, and to discuss the implications of their experiences and policy recommendations for current and future policy and program directions.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: ANALYSIS OF ACTUAL AND INTENDED DESTINATION CHOICE PATTERNS OF CANADIAN IMMIGRANTS

contributor:
Liaw, K-L.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
The overall theme of this study is an analysis of the actual and intended destination choice patterns of Canadian immigrants who landed during the 1970s . Actual destination choice patterns are described using data from the 2% Public Use Sample of the 1981 Census. I ntended destination choice patterns are described using annual tallies of the Department of Employment and Immigration (1971 - 1981). Four main issues are considered.

First, the pattern of actual destination choice for the 1970s is described. The Atlantic was the least favoured destination, although it received higher than average proportions of young, well-educated and professional immigrants . Quebec increased in popu lar i ty toward the end of the decade, particularly for immigrants from countries other than Britain and the United states. Ontario remained the most popular destination, although its attractiveness declined during the oil boom, when that of Alberta and the Prairies rose commensurately. British Columbia continued to attract a disproportionately large share of immigrants, particularly British, Asian and elderly.

Second, the intended destination choice pattern is described and compared with the actual pattern. Ontario displays the best correspondence. The Atlantic shows the poorest correspondence, however, as the intended choice proportion exceeds the actual proportion by a wide margin.

This excess, though smaller, also appears in Quebec and the Prairies. In contrast, the actual share exceeds the intended share in Alberta and British Columbia.

Third, the gap between intended and actual destination choice proportions is examined for systematic divergence. The gap appears to be narrow in the years just prior to the census, and appears to diverge somewhat in earlier years. Very popular and very unpopular destinations, such as Alberta and the Atlantic, demonstrate comparatively larger gaps than destinations of average popularity.

Fourth, logit analysis concludes that ecological variables and interaction terms involving ecological and personal variables were significant in explaining the actual destination choices. Coldness had a negative effect on destination choice, whereas relative population size, ethnic concentration, wage rate and employment growth had positive effects. The statistically significant interaction terms indicate, among other things, that Asians and Southern Europeans had a stronger preference for destinations with high concentrations of ethnically similar populations. The application of the logit model to the intended destination choice data yields a similar result: all ecological variables and the interactions between ethnic concentration and Asian and Southern European immigrants remain highly significant.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Unemployment Insurance For Canada

subject: Political Economy

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: Space, Self and Place in the Novels of Sinclair Ross

contributor:
Granofsky, R.
English

abstract: This study is an examination of the concepts of space, place and self, as I have applied them, in the works of Sinclair Ross. Having defined the meaning of these concepts in the Introduction, I show in Chapter One why space becomes a void waiting to engulf the lives of Ross's characters. I also suggest that a dichotomy exists within the context of these concepts between the world of the male and the world of the female that affects the way Ross's characters respond to space. In Chapter Two, I argue that Ross does not allow his female characters to establish a sense of self and place that would enable them to deal with the surrounding space (with specific reference to Mrs. Bentley in As For Me and My House). In Chapter Three, I explain how the men in Ross's work succeed, or, in the case of Philip Bentley in As For Me and My House, do not succeed, to structure and shape the physical space surrounding them by means of their identity and sense of place in life. For the purpose of facilitating my documentation of Ross's novels and the short stories, I shall use the following parenthetical abbreviations to denote the titles of the works, once they have been cited in the text of the thesis: As For Me and My House (AMMH), The Well (TW), Whir of Gold (WaG), Sawbones Memorial (SM), The Lamp at Noon and Other Stories (LN), and The Race and Other Stories by Sinclair Ross (TR).

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Kinematics in Special and General Relativity

contributor:
Thrig, Edwin C.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
This thesis investigates the problem of motion for extended bodies from the viewpoint of classical field theory, where the classical field is the body's energy-momentum or matter tensor.

In Special Relativity a symmetric and divergence-free matter tensor combined with inertial frames is used to generate a kinematics for extended bodies; but I have shown that if the matter tensor also obeys the weak energy condition, then both types of massless spin radiation must have an infinite spatial extent in all Lorentz frames. This does not agree with the observation that finite light beams put a torque on crystals as they change their polarization while traversing the crystal.

In General Relativity I have suggested a kinematics analogous to that accepted in Special Relativity and applied it to the simplest non-trivial example of static, spherical stars. In essence one looks for special sets of vector fields whose matter currents are conserved. Such a set of ten vector fields defines a special frame and integrals of the conserved matter currents define ten momenta which give the kinematics a simple application of de Rham cohomology theory shows that the conserved matter currents for isolated bodies will have mechanical potentials which enable the momenta to be found from flux integrals evaluated in the vacuum region surrounding the body. These potentials contain the full Riemann curvature allowing a body's General Relativistic momenta to be determined by its vacuum gravitational field.

This approach has several important differences with previous attempts at a General Relativistic kinematics. By working directly with the matter tensor employed in Einstein's equations, it seems unnecessary to invent energy pseudo-tensors or other secondary objects to define momenta. By integrating matter currents which vanish in the vacuum, the momenta receive no contribution from vacuum regions. In this way one avoids the problem of motion without matter, which arises if the vacuum is endowed with momenta. By integrating divergence-free matter currents, one obtains conserved momenta for isolated bodies. The existence of divergence-free vector fields is a very weak condition, quite unlike the existence of metric symmetries, so that conserved momenta can be obtained in the absence of metric symmetries, as is explicitly done for six of the ten momenta for static spherical stars.

Although an example of this kinematics has been given for static spherical stars, much remains to be done. I have shown that there are many conserved matter currents for arbitrary bodies, but it is not yet known how to use Einstein's equations to single out the physically interesting ones for arbitrary space-times. Related to this problem is the question of the final form of the mechanical potential. Work in this area will shed some light on the special frames. Are they directly analogous to the inertial frames of flat space, but determined by the matter distribution? What is the group of transformations which links the special frames in arbitrary space-times? If it is not the Poincaré group, then would the group provide a richer physical structure?

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Analysis of Metaphor

contributor:
Georgiades, C.
Philosophy

abstract: The aim of this thesis is to develop an analysis of metaphor which is consistent with the claim that the meaning of many metaphors cannot be expressed in any other form of words. In order to confirm this claim the analysis offered treats metaphor as a whole sentence taken within a context, not as a particular way of using a word or words. In CHAPTER's ONE, TWO, and THREE, I discuss the nature of the elements of a metaphor, and their relation to each other, I show that the predicate element of a metaphor is itself complex. The relation between predicate and subject in a metaphor is shown to depend upon the manner in which we think metaphorically. An analysis of metaphorical meaning must characterize metaphorical thought, and we attempt this with the help of Wittgenstein's notion of seeing-as. CHAPTER FOUR supplements our analysis by raising the question "How is the meaning of metaphor affected by the beliefs and belief systems of the language user?" A discussion of this question helps us to distinguish metaphor from various other forms of language and to show that the meaning of some metaphors is, in an important sense, relative to the beliefs we hold.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Firmographic Microsimulation Model of Small and Medium-Sized Business Establishments: Application to the City of Hamilton, Canada

contributor:
Kanaroglou, Pavlos S.
Antonio Páez, Darren Scott
Antonio Páez, Darren Scott
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Firmography
Microsimulation
Geographic Information Sciences
Geographic Information Sciences

abstract:
Previous research on firmography microsimulation model for the City of Hamilton, Ontario, has been conducted by estimating several crucial statistical models, which would serve as the basis for an operational computer simulation model.

Based on the previous research, this thesis illustrates the implementation of the firmography microsimulation model for the City of Hamilton. This implementation includes the development of separate computer modules for the survival submodel, the mobility submodel, the location choice submodel and the firm formation submodel, as well as the integration of all these submodels. Meanwhile, the data storage mechanism, the simulation results visualization and analysis functions have been implemented by the support of GIS technology.

The microsimulation model starts with the 1990 firm micro data for the City of Hamilton as the base year and proceeds year by year with the simulation. The simulation results of firm distribution are validated by 1997 firm micro data for the City of Hamilton. The validation has proved that the developed firmography model is able to capture the overall trend of urban development processes in terms of firms at the micro level.

The limitations of the current model, especially those caused by the requirement for detailed data, are discussed, and some directions for the future research are indicated.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Laminar Simulation of Flow Pulsations in Simplified Subchannel Geometries

contributor:
Lightstone, M.
Tullis, S.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
subchannel mixing
numerical simulation
laminar flow
pulsations
nuclear safety
Other Mechanical Engineering
Other Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
Flow pulsations in subchannel geometries play an important role in homogenization of fluid temperatures within a fuel rod bundle cross-section. As such, there is a strong need to develop accurate integral models that incorporate the underlying physics of these flows for inclusion in the broader safety analysis codes. This research is concerned with using computational fluid dynamics to investigate the flow pulsations in order to develop an enhanced understanding of the flow physics. The vast majority of previous experimental work has been in the turbulent regime, with varying degrees of geometric complexity. Previous numerical work has focused on steady or unsteady simulation of the turbulent experimental results, with the requirement that an appropriate turbulence model must be selected.

Recent experimental work by Gosset and Tavoularis in 2006 has indicated that flow pulsations can occur under laminar conditions. Computational modeling of laminar flow pulsations provides an ideal framework for studying the physical mechanisms or instabilities that promote formation of the pulsations. Simulations of their experimental domain were run for a gap height normalized by the rod diameter (δ/D) of 0.3 and Reynolds numbers of 718, 900 and 955. These simulations found frequencies in the same range as Gosset and Tavoularis, as well as qualitatively similar particle tracks to their dye streaks. Analysis of the numerical pulsations showed them to be fluid rotations around the rod. These rotations were shown to be strongly correlated with the axial velocity gradient, which acted to transfer momentum from axial flow to the crossplane rotational pulsatile flow. The pulsations were shown to develop from a purely axial flow through disturbances in the axial velocity gradient, which initially arose near inflection points in the axial velocity profile in the spanwise direction. Under the influence of the axial velocity gradient and fluctuating pressure, these disturbances evolve into a sustained quasi-periodic flow.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: DE LA MÉTAPHORE À LA MÉTAFICTION: LA CODIFICATION DU POSSIBLE DANS LE CYCLE DU PONT D'ÉLISABETH VONARBURG

contributor:
Serruys, Nicholas
French

subject:
Vonarburg
Cycle du Pont
science-fiction
épistémologie
Baudrillard
représentation
Epistemology
French and Francophone Literature
Modern Literature
Philosophy of Language
Epistemology

abstract: Cette thèse porte sur la valeur philosophique des représentations de la science et de la mythologie dans la science-fiction postmoderne, selon une étude du cycle du Pont d’Élisabeth Vonarburg. L’ensemble des mondes possibles présentés à travers ces œuvres se prête à une lecture épistémologique. Ces mondes, dépourvus de lien significateur avec une réalité sous-entendue, sont autosuffisants ; l’abord de ce type de texte pose ainsi un défi à la connaissance. La codification des œuvres de Vonarburg s’érige selon la constitution d’une xénoencyclopédie. La xénoencyclopédie s’exprime surtout à travers des métaphores, qui occupent par la représentation figurée une fonction épistémologique. Le tout s’assemble en structure cohérente par moyen d’un processus cognitif de projection cartographique effectué par le lecteur. Dans les œuvres du cycle du Pont, la science et la mythologie sont décortiquées pour révéler leurs imprécisions inhérentes. Ces systèmes sont tous les deux enracinés dans le langage, ce qui entraîne une représentation fragmentée et incomplète de la réalité qu’ils veulent figurer. Les représentations de la science et la mythologie, suscitent une investigation empirique qui tente d’élucider leur capacité de soutenir l’apprentissage. L’exposition des contraintes représentatives propres à la science et à la mythologie se manifeste à travers la juxtaposition et la superposition des mondes du cycle du Pont. Nous soulèverons une question finale : des limitations des systèmes de codification, découle-t-il un épuisement potentiel de l’imaginaire ? Pour y répondre, nous invoquerons l’apport de la métafiction, qui relève de l’interaction du lecteur avec le récit.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Assessing the Feasibility of Screening for Intimate Partner Violence at an Orthopedic Surgical Hospital in India

contributor:
Bhandari, Mohit
Global Health

subject: Intimate Partner Violence

subject: Screening

subject: Orthopaedic

subject: India

subject: Community Health

subject: Gender and Sexuality

subject: Health Services Research

subject: Marriage and Family Therapy and Counseling

subject: Medicine and Health

subject: Community Health

abstract: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Under conditions of pronounced gender inequality, there is evidence that IPV represents an institutionalized practice in India. We investigated the feasibility of screening women for IPV at an orthopaedic hospital in India. Specifically, we assessed prevalence of IPV, method of questionnaire administration, response rate, availability of community services, environment of administration, and perspectives of health professionals regarding screening in this environment. We administered validated questionnaires to consenting women. The instrument was a compilation of two questionnaires designed for assessment of IPV status in primary care practices. Health professionals involved in conducting the study and in managing care for patients were also interviewed. Data from the interviews were analyzed for themes. Lastly, the investigator kept a field log with observations and interpretations to address other aspects of feasibility. Of 48 eligible women, 47 consented. All participants completed the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) and 45 completed the Composite Abuse Scale (CAS). Therefore, the response rate was high. Prevalence ranged between 30% (WAST) and 40% (CAS). Method of administration most used was self-report, which indicated a greater disclosure than interview-administration. The environment at this private hospital was considered adequate for conducting a larger study and we found several support networks in the area to help patients who disclosed IPV. Lastly, health professionals were found to be reluctant to screen for IPV. Our pilot study suggests that conducting a large-scale study in this region is feasible with some methodological modifications.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A STUDY OF THE LIGHT EMISSION FROM SiNx FILMS

contributor:
Knights, A.P.
Mascher, P.
Preston, J.S.
Engineering Physics

abstract:
The use of silicon in optoelectronics is gaining interest due to the possibility of applications such as optical interconnects. Though much progress has been made, the search still continues for the elusive silicon light emitter, which could make the prospect of silicon photonics a reality. This work has examined the properties of a potential candidate for a silicon-based light source: silicon nanocluster embedded silicon nitride films. In addition, the optical properties of Ce-doped silicon nitride films with and without nanoclusters were investigated.

The silicon nitride films exhibited bright luminescence that peaked after annealing at temperatures between 600oC and 800oC, depending on how the nitrogen was introduced during the deposition; the more silicon rich films (for which a dispersion ring was used) peaked at a lower anneal temperature. As well, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the plasma and dispersion ring samples had main peaks at about 650 nm and 750 nm, respectively. Lastly, all the spectra exhibited a redshift at higher anneal temperatures. These observations support the opinion that silicon nanoclusters were formed from the excess silicon. However, TEM imaging did not show conclusive evidence of their existence.

The Ce-doped films displayed even brighter luminescence. When the cerium was implanted into stoichiometric silicon nitride the emission was solely from Ce3+ ions, with the PL spectra being centred at 450 nm. However, when the cerium was implanted into the silicon rich film, there appears to be emission from both Ce3+ ions and silicon nanoclusters as the broad PL spectrum ranges from about 450 nm to 750 nm. After annealing at 1000oC there is a shift in the PL spectrum and the emission is almost exclusively from Ce3+ ions. Both films exhibited a strong increase in PL intensity with annealing above 1000oC, but it is not known if this is due to the formation of cerium silicate, which has been suggested before with Ce-doped silicon oxide films.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: FUNCTIONAL SCREENING OF CYTOCHROME P450 ACTIVITY AND UNCOUPLING BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

contributor:
Wilson, Joanna Y
Britz-McKibbin, Philip
Crankshaw, Dennis
Biology

subject:
cytochrome p450
Uncoupling
capillary electrophoresis
reactive oxygen species
enzyme kinetics
Biology
Biology

abstract: Cytochrome P450s are a super-family of heme containing proteins that are found in all domains of life and are involved in the synthesis and breakdown of steroids, xenobiotics, and pharmaceuticals. Using five heterologously expressed zebrafish (Danio rerio) CYP1s, an assay was developed for CYP activity in order to monitor the consumption of the cofactor NADPH, providing a label-free screening tool to determine function of novel CYP genes. Using well-established fluorogenic substrates, NADPH and NADP+ were separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) from stopped CYP1 reactions and measured with UV absorbance detection as a surrogate to assess the rate of substrate metabolism. Product formation was confirmed by fluorometric detection of metabolites, giving rates of enzyme activity which could be compared to the rates of cofactor turn-over measured by CE. 17β-estradiol, four alkoxyresorufin and two coumarin based synthetic fluorogenic CYP substrates were screened for activity with recombinant zebrafish CYP1A, 1B1, 1C2, 1C2 and 1D1. Cofactor consumption was generally much larger than product formation for the majority of substrates and CYP1 isoforms, suggesting that the majority of metabolic events were uncoupled. Large uncoupling was seen in CYP1 when metabolizing estradiol, showing that endogenous compounds can also show severe uncoupling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a product of uncoupled events, were detected with 2,7- dichorofluorescein. Attempts for concomitant detection of ROS production and cofactor consumption with CE-UV detection were investigated, however, detection limits for 2,7-dichlorofluorescein were not adequate for detection of hydrogen peroxide production from CYP1 mediated reactions. Future work will be required to develop a single assay to quantitatively measure CYP activity by CE for functional determination of CYPs with unknown function.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Missed And Dismissed Diagnosis: Experiences of People Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Beyond Childhood

contributor:
Ann Fudge Schormans, PhD
Saara Greene, PhD
Jane Aronson, PhD
Social Work

subject:
ADHD in adulthood
impact of diagnosis
experiences living with ADHD
critical disability theory
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: This study explores people’s life experiences when they are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as an adult, the impact of this diagnosis and how they experience living with ADHD. ADHD is often missed as a diagnosis in children whom have inattentive type ADHD, as “characteristic” symptoms such as hyperactivity and impulsiveness are not as prominent and therefore the child does not typically stand out in a school setting as having problematic or challenging behaviours. Consequently many children may navigate through their childhood and teen years not receiving a diagnosis until sometime into their adult years. In an attempt to give this group a voice I have created an opportunity for a small group of adults diagnosed with ADHD as adults to share their experiences in this qualitative research study. Discussions and findings from my research include the participants’ experiences of feeling relieved after being diagnosed with ADHD as an adult, their resulting responses of thinking about things differently, changing expectations and seeking more information. Participants shared everyday challenges of living with ADHD including physical and cognitive, challenges of daily living and challenges in the school environment. Participants also talked about the emotional impact when relating their experiences of living with ADHD, including having low self esteem, ongoing struggles with feelings of failure, not fitting in and self blame. The purpose of my research was to inform helping professions, and specifically the social work profession, about the experience of receiving a diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood and the realities of living with ADHD. The last area of my findings and discussion fulfills this purpose as it focuses on professional support.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: External Validation of the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire within an Injured Worker Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study

contributor:
MacDermid, Joy
Hayden, Jill
Woodhouse, Linda
Rehabilitation Science

subject: delayed recovery

subject: return to work

subject: Occupational Therapy

subject: Other Rehabilitation and Therapy

subject: Physiotherapy

subject: Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling

subject: Occupational Therapy

abstract:
Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine what cut-off of the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire score will best differentiate workers with acute musculoskeletal injuries at-risk for delayed return to work (greater than 3 months), in a population of workers of less than 3 weeks injury duration.

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort design, using a sample of convenience.

Methods:

A sample of 259 consecutive WCB patients seeking assessment and treatment at a multidisciplinary rehabilitation facility were reviewed, with 152 meeting the inclusion criteria of having sustained a soft tissue injury within 3 weeks of initial assessment. Descriptive statistics, tests of difference between Time 1 and Time 2 OMPSQ scores and Receiver Operator Characteristic curves were generated. The method of determining predictive ability of the OMPSQ at two points in time was by means of ROC analysis.

Results:

This study determined that the OMPSQ is moderately predictive of failure to achieve timely return to work (RTW) in a population of injured workers with acute musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries, when assessed two-weeks after treatment is initiated, and less predictive at the initial intake into treatment. Delayed RTW was defined as those workers who had not returned to their pre-injury job full time by 90 days, due to reduced functional ability as it related to their pre-injury occupation.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that there is variability in cut-off scores across studies. Future research should attempt to define cut-off scores as they relate to the population , outcome, condition and time-frame of interest .

abstract: Master of Science Rehabilitation Science (MSc)


title: Buddhism in the Economic History of China: Land, Taxes and Monasteries

contributor:
Benn, James A.
Religious Studies

subject:
Buddhism
China
Monasteries
Economy
Tax
Asian History
Economic History
History of Religion
History of Religions of Eastern Origins
Asian History

abstract: This paper examines the economic aspects of Buddhist monasteries in Chinese history in chronological order. The focus is on the problems related to land and taxes, which were crucial factors for the economic situation of monasteries and sensitive issues in the governing of every dynasty. By looking into the interaction among Buddhist monasteries, state/local government, great families and elites regarding land estates and tax policies in different time periods, the study reveals that despite the lasting criticisms that Buddhist monasteries were harmful to the economic wellbeing of society and effected the revenue of the state, monasteries in fact actively engaged in economic activities, and could be utilized by the state as a tool to centralize wealth from society, contributing to the state economy in its own way. The role of Buddhist monasteries was largely decided by their subject position in front of the state. The study shows that the prosperity of monastic economy was of different levels under the different social and political environment in each dynasty, but even in its most prosperous time, the scale of monasteries could be easily reduced by the state and their resources could be appropriated by government when it was considered necessary. Besides, the study also depicts the process of Buddhist monasteries gradually becoming taxed by the state, showing the general tendency that the Buddhist monastic economy was in the process of becoming more incorporated into or controlled by the state across time.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Urban Land Development and Road Development in Halifax-Dartmouth: A Spatial Analysis Using Parcel Level Data

contributor:
Anderson, William P.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
This dissertation examines transportation-land use interactions in the Halifax-Dartmouth region. First, it investigates the changing urban form of the region. Then, it examines both directions of the transportation-land use relationship by quantifying the impact of residential land development on road development and the impact of road development on residential land development.

The dissertation begins by computing kernel estimates to investigate the decentralization and deconcentration of residential and commercial land parcels, and to examine the segregation of land uses. The results suggest that changes in urban form were a combined result of infill, contiguous, and leapfrog development. Next, univariate and bivariate K functions are estimated to measure spatial dependence within and between the classes of residential and commercial land parcels. The results suggest that residential land parels cluster together, commercial land parcels cluster together, and over time residential and commercial land parcels have become more clustered.

With a better understanding of the changes in urban form, the dissertation then examines both directions of the transportation-land use relationship. An ordered probit model is specified where residential land development is a function of either the change in accessibility or the distance to a high-speed road and other explanatory variables. A spatial lag model is estimated where the change in accessibility is a function of residential land development and other explanatory variables. The results of the first model suggest that road development does have an impact on land development. However, the results of the second model indicate that land development does not drive road development. Collectively, the results of both models provide important insight into the transportation-land use relationship. Understanding the direction and strength of this relationship is imperative for making informed policy decisions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Thiamin Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

contributor:
Spenser, I.D.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: The biosynthesis of thiamin is investigated by the administration of radioactively labelled compounds to yeast. Thiamin chloride hydrochloride is isolated from the yeast cells and degraded to determine the distribution of activity within its thiazole nucleus. Label from [2-¹⁴C]-glycine, in two strains of S. cerevisiae (ATCC 24903 and 39916 H.J. Bunker), is located exclusively at C-2 of the thiazole moiety. Non-random incorporation of activity into the C₅ unit of the thiazole nucleus from [1,3-¹⁴C]glycerol, Ḏ-[1-¹⁴C]fructose, Ḏ-[U-¹⁴C]-, Ḏ-[1-¹⁴C]-, Ḏ-[2-¹⁴C]-, Ḏ-[6-¹⁴C]-, and Ḏ-[6-³H,6-¹⁴C]glucose is observed is S. cerevisiae (ATCC 24903). A new hypothesis, consistent with the positions of the label in the above experiments, is proposed for the biosynthesis of the thiazole unit. As the first step in this scheme, glycine and a 2-ketopentose are suggested to form a Schiff base which converted to the thiazole moiety in a multistep sequence. The mode of incorporation of [1,3-¹⁴C]-glycerol and the labelled hexoses indicates that the 2-ketopentose is formed from glycolytic intermediates by two pathways. Ḏ-Ribulose 5-phosphate, Ḏ-xylulose 5-phosphate, or a closely related compound is the most likely choice for the 2-ketopentose. Radioactivity from sodium [¹⁴C]formate, [3-¹⁴C ]serine, [1,3-¹⁴C]glycerol and the above hexoses is incorporated into the pyrimidine nucleus of thiamin. A new scheme is proposed to account for these results. Radioactivity from Ḻ-[Me-¹⁴C]-methionine, ḎḺ-[2-¹⁴C]tyrosine, sodium [1-¹⁴C]acetate, sodium [3-¹⁴C]-pyruvate, sodium Ḻ-[U-¹⁴C]lactate, ḎḺ-[3-¹⁴C]cysteine, Ḏ-[1-¹⁴C]ribose, sodium 2-keto[5-¹⁴C]glutarate, and [1-¹⁴C]succinic acid is not incorporated into thiamin.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THE STRUCTURE OF AUTHORING IN NIMA YUSHIJ'S POETRY: A BAKHTINIAN READING

contributor:
Adamson, Joseph
Donaldson, Jeffery
Rahimieh, Nasrin
English and Cultural Studies

subject: nima yushij

subject: poetry

subject: bakhtin

subject: architectonics

subject: structure of authoring

subject: surplus of seeing

subject: Comparative Literature

subject: Modern Literature

subject: Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures

subject: Comparative Literature

abstract: This thesis employs Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of architectonics to examine the poetry of Nima Yushij, the father of “New Persian Poetry.” The architectonic structure of Nima’s poems presupposes an authorial position situated outside the whole of the work. Outsideness provides the author with the distance that is necessary for consummating the hero and all other elements inside the work’s environment in determinate spatial and temporal boundaries. As Bakhtin puts it, only in this way can the author acquire a surplus of seeing that is required for adopting a valuational stance in relation the hero and the work as a whole. To Bakhtin, the author’s valuational stance toward the hero is the essence of the aesthetic product. This valuational position vis-à-vis the other, which generates what Michael Holquist calls the “structure of authoring,” is enacted on multiple levels in Nima’s poems as the hero, and sometimes the narrator, also perform the authorial function vis-à-vis other characters inside the poem, i.e., fixing them in determinate spatial and temporal boundaries. Of course, from the author’s perspective, the hero and the narrator are also situated inside the poem and occupy specific horizons in its environment. In this sense, their authoring activity is not a precisely aesthetic activity. Nevertheless, Nima utilizes the hero and the narrator’ activity to foreground the structure of authoring inside the poem, to make its dynamics “viewable.” This is a point that I will try to elucidate fully in the course of this study.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: INSIGHTS INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: STUDIES FROM GENE TARGETED MICE LACKING THE HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR, SR-BI

contributor:
Trigatti, Bernardo
Geoff Werstuck and Joseph Macri
Geoff Werstuck and Joseph Macri
Biochemistry

subject: HDL SR-BI Macrophages Signaling

abstract: High density lipoprotein (HDL) is an independent risk factor for thedevelopment of coronary heart disease. HDL mediated reverse cholesterol transport is a key element responsible for the cardioprotective effects of HDL. In addition HDL exerts other atheroprotective effects in vascular cells. The HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class I type B (SR-BI) derives the process of reverse cholesterol transport, mediates HDL signaling in the vasculature and protects against atherosclerosis. However, the exact atheroprotective mechanisms of HDL and SR-BI are not clearly understood.This thesis starts by characterizing a model of occlusive coronary arteryatherosclerosis, the SR-BI/apolipoprotein E double knockout mice and tests the effectsof phenolic rich pomegranate extract on disease progression. Coronary artery disease in these mice starts at three weeks of age and progresses rapidly leading to sudden death within three to five weeks. The administration of pomegranate extract reduced the extent of coronary artery atherosclerosis possibly via mechanisms that involved alterations in lipid metabolism and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress.The next two chapters aimed to gain better understanding of the atheroprotectiveactions of HDL and SR-BI. Increased macrophage apoptosis is a key event in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. HDL signaling via SR-BI reduced macrophage apoptosis while the lack of macrophage SR-BI was associated with increased macrophage apoptosis and necrotic core areas, features of plaque instability. Next HDL and SR-BI effects on macrophage migration, a key event in atherosclerotic plaque regression, are described. HDL stimulated the migration of macrophages in a manner that was dependent on SR-BI, its adaptor protein, PDZK1, and the G-protein coupled receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. SR-BI mediated macrophage migration may suggest a potential role of SR-BI in atherosclerotic plaque regression.To expand our view of HDL effects on macrophages we have used proteomics as an approach. HDL treatment of macrophages altered the expression of multiple proteins.Validation experiment confirmed changes in interesting and particularly relevant protein targets in HDL mediated protection against macrophage apoptosis and inflammation and in HDL induced macrophage migration. Follow up experiments will determine their involvement in HDL and SR-BI mediated signaling. Overall this work represents a milestone in understanding the atheroprotective effects of HDL and SR-BI in macrophages.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at Eleusis in the Roman World

contributor:
Umholtz, Gretchen
Classics

subject: Classics Classics

abstract:
The period of Roman control in Greece has often been considered a time of deterioration of the traditional Greek culture, when Greek ideals were abandoned and the Greek way of life became inhibited due to the loss of independence. Roman rule had, on the contrary, brought prosperity to the Greek world, which continued to flourish under the Roman auspices. The topic of this thesis is the sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at Eleusis in the Roman world. The study of the Eleusinian sanctuary shows that, in fact, Greek traditional institutions could thrive, and even be enhanced in the Roman period. The sanctuary occupied a prominent position in the religious life of Athens and the Greeks in the Classical period and proceeded to prosper under the Roman authority.

Roman individuals, including a number of Roman emperors, exhibited a personal interest in the Eleusinian Mysteries. Many were initiated into the cult and some chose to commemorate the event by erecting various monuments to Demeter and Kore in the sanctuary. The Athenians honoured the Romans in a number of ways connected to Eleusis. They set up statues to Romans, adlected them into the priestly families and awarded them honourary Eleusinian titles. Occasionally, the Eleusinian officials even modified the rules of the cult to accommodate the requests of the Romans. A mutually beneficial relationship was formed, whereby the Eleusinian sanctuary profited from the privilege of Roman protection and the Romans enjoyed the prestige associated with the Eleusinian cult.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "Fenced In": Horden Hall Residential School at Moose Factory

contributor:
Preston, Richard J.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: The residential school experiences of 25 James Bay Cree individuals from Moose Factory who attended Horden Hall, an Anglican institution, are examined using the oral history method. Memories of residential school experiences reveal themes of the emotional significance of the first day, loneliness, routines, metaphors of involuntary institutionalization, separation into peer groups, resistance, gangs, punishment and abuse. Individuals had a range of negative and positive experiences in Horden Hall. The effects of residential school experiences on the individual, family of origin and community are explored. Individuals commonly experienced ambivalence over native identity, difficulty opening up emotionally and difficulty re-establishing close ties with their families of origin. The community of Moose Factory currently reflects the pattern of peer group interactions from Horden Hall in the area of socializing. By analyzing the generation of individuals who attended Horden Hall in the 1960s (17) collectively, culture change in terms of both altered life cycle and an altered culturally patterned psychological response, namely reticence, are examined. The life cycle of James Bay Cree individuals has been significantly altered from the traditional pattern. Reticence, a traditional, culturally patterned emotional response to a demanding subarctic physical environment, has been adapted by these individuals in response to the extreme social environment of residential school. Finally, the effects of residential school experiences on parenting in this community and culture are examined. Patterns of discipline and parental affection extended beyond infancy reveal a significant shift from traditional child-rearing practices of gradually acquired competence in the physical, mental and social environments through apprenticeship to adult standards.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A New Geography: Place and Space in Gloria Naylor's Fiction

contributor:
Goellnicht, Donald C.
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: This thesis involves a study of how lace and space interact in Gloria Naylor's novels. Although there has been some discussion of these issues in regards to her first two novels, The Women of Brewster Place and Linden Hills, there has been less on Mama Day, and Bailey's Cafe has yet to receive any great critical attention. In this work, 1will add a theoretical dimension that African-American criticism has not utilized. My use of geographical discourse to define how place and space exist and coexist will provide the basis for my argument. The spatial construction of race, class and gender has the power to socially and literally "place" people. Naylor, however, offers that positive spaces can be developed to counteract the effects of the symbolic spatial order. I also examine why Gloria Naylor's novels have changed so much since The Women of Brewster Place. Focusing mainly on Mama Day and Bailey's Cafe I outline a progression that I see as her novels move from settings in literal places to an almost total disregard of literal place. In the Introduction, I outline my theoretical approach and then briefly examine similar issues of place and space in The Women of Brewster Place and Linden Hills. Moving then into an examination of Mama Day. I explore how Naylor begins to expand her geography, breaking down concepts of literal place and focusing more on positive space. In the chapter on Bailey's Cafe, I argue that this is Naylor' s boldest manipulation of geography as place turns into psychological, personal and communal space. I also argue throughout these chapters that Naylor's textual strategies begin to reflect the breakdown in place as the novels become psychological, personal and communal spaces. Naylor's novels. therefore offer a new type of geography that defies social space and the limits of physical place.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Food/Body as Text: Exploring the Cultural/Corporeal Politics ofPower

contributor:
O`Brien, Susie
English

abstract: This thesis will discuss three semi-autobiographical novels: Ruth Ozeki's My Year of Meats (1998), Tsitsi Dangarembga's Nervous Conditons (1987), and Sara Suleri's Meatless Days (1991). Drawing upon feminist and postcolonial theories (Bhabha 1988; Friedman 1998; Irigaray 1985; 1993), I will examine the ways these female novelists, both American and postcolonial, represent food and the female body as sites of cultural, racial, and gender inscription and contestation. While each text invokes food as metonym for the patriarchal and colonial violence against women (the body), at the same time, each text supplements these violent discourses with a subversive and empowering matriarchal symbolism which challenges these power structures. Ultimately, I will argue that, while this matriarchal symbolism challenges gender power structures, these texts also acknowledge the ways in which women's experience is inflected through other power dynamics, specifically those of race and culture. As I will demonstrate, in each text, food and the body expose the multifarious means by which power discourses are internalized, rejected, or renegotiated by the female subject. By examining the strategies these characters employ in their resistance to cultural imperialist power structures, I will show how a textual metaphorics of food and the female body are involved in a complex process of production, at once cultural, social, and political.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Investigating the Pro-Atherogenic Potential of Chronic Hyperglycemia: Is Diabetic Atherosclerosis a Microvascular Complication?

contributor:
Werstuck, Geoff H.
Peter Gross, Bernardo Trigatti
Peter Gross, Bernardo Trigatti
Medicine

subject:
Diabetes
Hyperglycemia
Atherosclerosis
Microvascular Disease
Angiogenesis
Mouse Model
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases

abstract: Please remove prior submission under the same title

abstract:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a significantly increased risk of microvascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, as well as macrovascular disorders, including cerebro- and cardiovascular disease. Traditionally, the micro- and macro- vascular complications of DM have been considered distinct and independent disorders; however, data from several epidemiological and pathophysiological studies suggest they may be linked. It has been suggested that the vasa vasorum, a microvascular network which nourishes the walls of large muscular arteries, may play a role in macrovascular atherosclerosis. The effect of hyperglycemia on the microvessels of the vasa vasorum, and the potential impact of these effects on macrovascular atherosclerosis are not known.

Here, we use a multiple-low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injected apolipoprotein-E deficient mouse model to investigate the effects of hyperglycemia on the vasa vasorum, and to correlate such effects to atherosclerotic plaque progression. Hyperglycemia significantly increased plaque size and necrotic area (3- and 4-fold, respectively) relative to controls by 15 weeks of age. However, the density of vasa vasorum microvessels in the aortic wall of hyperglycemic mice was reduced at each time point examined. A similar vasa vasorum deficiency was also seen in STZ-induced hyperglycemic C57Bl/6J mice and hyperglycemic Ins2Akita mice, and microvessel density could be corrected by insulin-mediated glucose normalization, suggesting a hyperglycema-specific effect. A localized deficiency in VEGF appears to be responsible for the reduced neovascularisation. Lastly, hyperglycemic mice fed standard chow supplemented with benfotiamine, a drug used to treat microvascular disorders in DM, appear to have reduced atherosclerosis.

These findings provide the first indication that, in addition to retinal and glomerular capillary beds, hyperglycemia alters the microvessel structure of the vasa vasorum. Such microvascular changes directly correlate to the development and progression of atherosclerosis in hyperglycemic ApoE-deficient mice.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Patterns of (Af)filiation in Recent Canadian Bildungsromane

contributor:
Hutcheon, L.
English

abstract: Recently much critical work has female Bildungsroman although, with relatively little has been done been some on done on the exceptions, the Canadian Bildungsroman , male or female. This study gathers twelve Canadian Bildungsromane , six by men, six by women, published since 1972. Using the the concepts of filiation and affiliation as theorized by Edward Said, it postulates that a "gender gap" does exist and can best be explained In these terms.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)