identifier: Roldan, Carlos E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Roldan=3ACarlos_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1975) Unilateral and central projection of symmetry varying in spatial orientation.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Ss made rapid perceptual judgments about tachistoscopically presented line patters. These were symmetrical or asymmetrical, with axis of symmetry appearing in vertical, horizontal, and oblique orientations. The patterns could also be shown centrally or to either the right or left of fixation. Ss pressed a button for YES if the patterns displayed symmetry and another button for NO if the patterns were not symmetrical. Regardless of whether the patterns projected to both or entirely to one visual half-field, a reaction-time (RT) was found to vary uniformly as a function of the orientation of the patterns. Overall RT’s were shortest for vertically oriented patterns, and longest for those shown about the horizontal and oblique axes. This in turn confirmed the salience of left-right symmetry over symmetry appearing in other spatial orientations. The general pattern of results was consistent with the notion that the perception of symmetry is mediated by processes which serve to align the input stimuli into congruence with a stable internal representation of symmetry.


identifier: Richler, Sheila M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Richler=3ASheila_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1988) Unmarried adolescent motherhood in St. John's,Newfoundland - an assessment profile.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

abstract: The number of adolescent mothers who keep their babies and remain single has increased dramatically in recent years. Research indicates that these young females may encounter significant difficulties with education, employment, finances, housing, physical well-being, emotional well-being, and child care arrangements, depending on the community in which they live and on the level of support they receive. This exploratory/descriptive survey describes and examines the life situation, personal problems, and personal characteristics of unmarried mothers in St. John’s who were between the ages of 16 and 19 years old at the birth of their first child. -- Interviews were completed with 40 young women who fit the above criteria and who were identified from the Social Work records of a hospital with a large obstetrical ward. A survey utilizing a structured interview was conducted in a face-to-face format in the mother’s place of residence. -- Results indicate that problems do exist for many of these mothers, both in terms of practical problems: finances baby-sitting, and education, and emotional problems: arguments and conflict, relationships, loneliness, affect, and self-concept. The adolescent mother is often uneducated, dependent on social assistance, lonely, possesses a flat or negative affect, and has a marginal self-concept. Assistance is needed in the areas of education, employment, child care, and emotional support.


identifier: Boland, David Craig <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Boland=3ADavid_Craig=3A=3A.html>   (1986) Upper Jurassic (Portlandian) sedimentology and palynofacies of Cabo Espichel, Portugal.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

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abstract: Upper Jurassic (Portlandian) strata on the southeastern margin of the Lusitanian Basin at Praia-do Cavalo, near Cabo Espichel, Portugal contain mixed carbonate and clastic sediments. From this section ten facies were identified to produce a model of Upper Jurassic shelf development on a passive Atlantic-type margin. -- The model consists of carbonate shelf and clastic deltaio sediments linked by erosional and non-erosional contacts. The shallow marginal marine carbonate sequence consists of intertidal and low energy and high energy subtidal environments. The clastic sequence consists of interdistributary bay fill, crevasse splay, levee, channel, distributary mouth bar and delta front environments. Non-erosional boundaries occur where levees, crevasse splays and bay fill prograde over shallow subtidal nodular limestones and calcareous shales. Erosional boundaries occur where distributary channels soour through distributary mouth bars and prodelta strata to sharply - rest upon lithified massive subtidal limestones. -- The miospore assemblage consists of 49 terrestrial and 4 marine species in samples dominated by Corollina (Classopollis), Exesipollenites and Spherioollenites. Three palynofacies are identified; the C. simplex palynofacies is associated with siliciclastic lithologies; C. itunensis palynofacies is restricted to the carbonates and; the marine palynomorph facies is characteristic of some carbonates and delta front siliciclastics. -- The C. simplex - sediment association indicates that this pollen was derived from a plant which occupied an inland marsh or levee environment. The C. itunensis - sediment association implies a plant living on or near a marginal marine carbonate coast resembling a “mangrove” or saltmarsh environment.


identifier: Luther, Glenn <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Luther=3AGlenn=3A=3A.html>   (1989) Use of morphometric characters to identify North American and European stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Based on samples of Atlantic salmon smolts from 13 geographically distinct home rivers, stocks from North America and Europe can be distinguished by morphometric character sets using discriminant analysis procedures. Character sets require morphometric measurements of total length, standard length, predorsal length, dorsal to adipose, head length, postorbital length, and left pectoral length. quadratic  discriminant analysis was determined to be the most appropriate technique to classify the salmon smolts as either European or North American in origin. The analysis of the morphometric characters provided strong statistical seperation between areas. A classification of groups yielded 99.65% correct classification between European  and  North American stocks.


identifier: Hedd, April <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hedd=3AApril=3A=3A.html>   (1994) Use of stomach temperature telemetry to quantify ingestion by Phocid seals.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The applicability of using stomach temperature probes to investigate the feeding behaviour of seals was tested. Captive harp seals (Phoca aroenlandica) were fed stomach temperature sensors and given pre-weighed meals of herring (Clupea harengus) and crushed ice. Ingestion of either substance caused a decrease in stomach temperature (see also Gales and Renouf 1993). Results suggested that the magnitude of stomach temperature change could indicate whether the ingested substance was a prey item or ice. The duration of stomach temperature change was significantly related to the quantity of fish consumed, but it accounted for just 27% of the overall variation. This percentage was much less than the 71% reported by Gales and Renouf (1993), perhaps due in part to the larger sample size used in the present study. Prey temperature was a significant covariate in the relationship between meal mass and the corresponding duration of stomach temperature change, but, overall it added very little to predictive power. Both the magnitude and duration of the temperature change were related to the quantity of ice consumed, accounting for 69% of the variation. Subsequent modelling of this relationship, however, revealed that it was not robust. Monitoring the stomach temperatures of wild seals would tell us little about the quantity of prey consumed, however, when used in conjunction with satellite-linked time-depth recorders they could provide valuable on  the location, timing and frequency of prey consumption. -- A harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) mother and pup were fed stomach temperature probes throughout the lactation period. Behavioural observations were conducted while stomach temperature was concurrently logged. Milk intake caused a decrease in the pup's stomach temperature, and the duration of this temperature change was related to the length of the nursing bout. Laboratory stomach simulations, which suggested a strong relationship between milk volume and the subsequent duration of temperature change, were used to estimate the volume of milk consumed by the pup. Suckling bout length and the estimated milk intake per bout increased as a weekly average over the five week lactation period. A temporal change in the suckling pattern was noted, with a progression from largely nocturnal to daytime feedings. Although not visually confirmed, temperature data collected from the mother provided evidence of seawater ingestion. Direct pup feeding experiments using known quantities of the mother's milk, at a known temperature, would greatly improve the accuracy of these intake estimates. -- These studies indicate that, with sufficient samples, stomach temperature probes may provide a valuable tool for investigating lactation energetics and other aspects of the feeding ecology of marine endotherms.


identifier: Harvey, William Jack P. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Harvey=3AWilliam_Jack_P=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1984) Theory and design of a precision dual system to measure time intervals in nanoseconds and automatically synchronize from two to four external systems.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Verniers are employed widely in determining precise spatial measurements.  A new time measuring system has been created, which may be revolutionary in nature, since it employs digital electronics and does not concern itself with coincident edges as do contemporary systems. The system may be the first of its kind, being a true digital vernier system, which is capable of: -- 1. determining the time delay inherent in a device or a transducer. -- 2. producing time delays precise to a nanosecond. -- 3. balancing the time delays of associated devices. -- An analysis was made of the phase variations between the respective edges of the square pulses of two wave trains of different frequencies to determine if the principle of vernier measurement could be applied to create such an electronic system. -- This led to the design of the device described herein, consisting of four parallel modules each capable of operating individually in either an automatic mode A, or a semi-automatic mode B.  For mode A, time intervals between two external stimuli are automatically determined to a precision of one nanosecond by a module, while for mode B, required time delays are inserted at the operator's discretion.  As soon as the time intervals have been established, in either mode, the system then inserts the proper balancing time delays and initiates the four modules so that they produce properly timed pulses to external equipment according to a predetermined time sequence.  Once set, the system is capable of automatic repetition. -- The system has been designated as the Precise Time Interval System11 (PTIS).


identifier: Noble, Lisa Dorothy <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Noble=3ALisa_Dorothy=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Use of the Biolog MicroStation System to classify and identify Vibrionaceae bacteria from a seasonally-cold ocean.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Biolog™ MicroStation System was evaluated for its capacity to identify marine bacteria. The strains studied were Vibrionaceae type cultures and strains isolated from a seasonally-cold ocean. Using the Biolog system 54% of the Vibrionaceae strains were correctly identified, 18% of the strains were incorrectly identified, and 28% were not assigned an identity. Part of this study was to investigate ways in which the accuracy of the system might be improved. -- Marine bacteria require Na⁺ for growth. Biolog protocol was altered to bring these strains to a more optimal metabolic potential during tests. It was found that 62% of strains were more metabolically active when suspended in a marine cation supplement (MCS) plus yeast (MCSpY). Twenty-four percent of the strains were more metabolically active when suspended in salts solutions containing MCS. MCS was used in the suspending salts when testing the regional strains because this solution encouraged high metabolic activity and had a comparable identification rate to the standard suspension solution which was saline. -- Approximately 36% of the regional strains were assigned a name by Biolog. Based on previous knowledge of the type of metabolism of the bacteria the names assigned were probably incorrect.  It was concluded that the Biolog system was an inadequate identification system for Vibrionaceae. A classification procedure based on data collected by the Biolog system was not significantly different (p-value < 0.01) from a classification based on data produced from traditional or classical bacteriological tests. This indicated that the Biolog microbial identification system could be useful for identification and classification provided that the users included reference cultures in the studies and subsequently created their own data bases. A classification meeting these criteria was produced during the course of this study.


identifier: Bishop, Todd D. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bishop=3ATodd_D=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1990) Threat-sensitive predator-avoidance behaviour in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) : its development and significance in the larval stage.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Threat-sensitive predator-avoidance theory predicts that prey should assess the relative threat posed by a predator and then adjust their behaviour to reflect the magnitude of the threat. This is based on the premise that it is non-adaptive for prey to give up feeding or mating opportunities in the presence of non-threatening predators. In this study, larval threespine sticklebacks were tested for threat sensitivity by exposing them to conspecific predators of various sizes. Larvae were found to display behaviours which suggested threat-sensitivity, such as performing maximum predator-escape responses only to direct attacks and reduced responses to less threatening situations. The onset and disappearance of certain predator-escape behaviours during ontogeny may be related to the development of the dorsal and pelvic spines, along with independence from paternal care. -- Other evidence for threat-sensitivity indicates that larvae exposed to larger predators displayed a reduction in feeding behaviour compared to larvae exposed to small predators or larvae not exposed to predators. This reduction in feeding behaviour may be influenced by the predator/larvae size ratio which indicates an increase in feeding behaviours associated with a decrease in the predator/larvae size ratio. -- Responses of stickleback larvae to active nonspecific and non-active, ambush type predators were compared to test the hypothesis that the larvae would be more vigilant towards an active predator. Neither predator type were found to have significant influences on the behaviours performed by the larvae.


identifier: Liu, Pengfei <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Liu=3APengfei=3A=3A.html>   (1991) Three dimensional oscillating foil propulsion.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: An unsteady numerical method, called the quasi-vortex-lattice method (QVLM), to calculate aerodynamic forces on oscillating wings is investigated and applied to the problem of oscillating foil propulsion. It is based on the vortex-lattice-method (VLM). The method was formulated for prediction of aerodynamical characteristics of a non-planar wing with arbitrary shape in unsteady harmonic motion. Based on three dimensional (3 — D) unsteady lifting surface theory, the method has been designed to handle irregular wing shapes of both planar and non-planar wings and to work with low aspect ratio foils. A computer program was written for the prediction of propulsion features of a harmonically oscillating hydrofoil. This computer program was checked by comparing present results with existing published results for some given planforms. The computer program is capable of solving unsteady three dimensional, non-planar rigid foil propulsion problems. -- Convergence of the QVLM implemented computer program and CPU time are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the unsteady QVLM method, and the improvement of the numerical approximation in the integration of the unsteady kernel function were investigated. -- Propulsive features of three fast swimming animals were investigated. Three cetacean's flukes were studied by use of calculations of the propulsive efficiency and mean total thrust coefficient. These three fast swimmers were: fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus); white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus); and white whale (Delphinapterus leucas). Fin whale's flukes have the highest aspect ratio (6.1) and moderate sweep angle (31°); white-sided dolphin's flukes have the highest leading edge sweep angle (47°) and lowest aspect ratio (2.72); and white whale's flukes have moderate aspect ratio (3.25) and the lowest sweep angle (28.3°). -- Calculation and comparisons were made for three cases: predictions of propulsive efficiency and thrust coefficient of the planforms of three cetaceans versus an advance ratio, J; the effects of changes in pitching axis positions and in phase angle (pitch leading heave) on those predictions; relations between the leading edge thrust coefficient and mean total thrust coefficient of the flukes. -- It was found that fin whale's flukes had the highest propulsive efficiency in all cases, when the heave amplitude h was taken as the corresponding to these flukes' root chord length. The propulsive efficiency from white-sided dolphin's flukes was higher than that from white whale's, though the planform of the white-sided dolphin had a lower aspect ratio. Over the complete range of the phase angle from 0° to 360°, only the fin whale's flukes predicted positive thrust. The flukes of white-sided dolphin and white whale produced negative thrust for phase angle between 190° ~ 270° and 140° ~ 340° at the reduced frequency k = 0.75 respectively; and 175° ~ 340° at the reduced frequency k = 0.15 only for the flukes of white-side dolphin. When the root chord length was to be taken as reference length and the reduced frequency k was small, it was found that the variations of the efficiency and thrust were small. It was also found that the best propulsive efficiency and smallest thrust coefficient occurred at about same phase angle position, and vice versa. The best propulsive efficiency was found when the pitching axis was placed at 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 root chord position for the flukes of white whale, fin whale and white-sided dolphin respectively. -- The recommended shape of man-made oscillating propeller in marine engineering applications was also discussed.


identifier: Agarwal, Sunil <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Agarwal=3ASunil=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Three-dimensional modelling of impulse forces and torques on a gas turbine blade due to nozzle excitations.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The efficiency of turbines depends to a large extent on the forces developed on rotor blades. The blades, while they pass by nozzles, are subjected to gas forces. It is quite important to understand the development of these forces to do any useful turbomachine work. The understanding of these forces and torques would also be quite helpful in designing the bearing supports. -- The rotor as well as the nozzle system can be defined in an inertial frame at any instant of time. In this frame, the fluid-flow through the nozzles can be described as a vector in three dimensions. Similarly, the position and the velocity of any point on the rotor blade can also be specified at any instant of time. Using transformation matrices, one can calculate the change in momentum of gases as they impinge on the blade surfaces and get reflected. The resulting forces, then, can be expressed in the inertial frame, and one can calculate the three-dimensional forces and torques. -- The thesis brings forth an analytical model to calculate the impulse forces, and the resulting torques on the rotating blade due to nozzle excitations. The results obtained by the present method are compared with those used by conventional method to establish the validity of the model and the underlying principle. The modelling principle is quite general in nature and can be used for various rotating machines.


identifier: Leader, Leslie L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Leader=3ALeslie_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1994) To feed or not to feed : the ontogeny of foraging and predator avoidance trade-offs in larval cod (Gadus morhua).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Animals are often forced to make ecologically important decisions when faced with potentially conflicting behavioural alternatives.  For larval fish, starvation and predation are thought to be the two major causes of mortality.  A larva's ability to initiate and maintain exogenous feeding, while at the same time avoid predation, often produces a situation where two necessary but incompatible behaviours conflict.  The manner in which foraging behaviours are compromised under risk of predation should reflect the degree of predation threat encountered. Because the larval period is one of rapid growth and development, vulnerability to both starvation and predation will change with larval size and developmental state. -- In this study, experiments were conducted which offered cod larvae the opportunity to forage in the presence and absence of a predator to determine if larvae would trade-off foraging for predator avoidance.  Larvae were reared at low, medium, and high prey densities to examine if food availability influenced the timing and magnitude of this trade-off. -- Larval cod displayed threat-sensitivity in their foraging activity, as trade-offs and active predator avoidance behaviours were only observed in high risk areas of the experimental aquaria.  Larvae reared with high prey densities grew faster, survived longer, and in the presence of a predator showed reduced foraging and swimming behavior at week three post-hatch. In medium food densities, larvae grew slower and did not trade-off foraging and swimming behaviour until they were four weeks old.  In addition, these larvae were less likely to trade-off foraging for predator avoidance as compared to those reared at high food densities.  At low food densities, larvae were not observed to trade-off foraging for predator avoidance and total mortality occurred after week two post-hatch. -- In all three prey densities, yolk-sac and first-feeding cod larvae were not highly responsive to visual attack cues. However, responsiveness increased with growth and development.  The timing of foraging trade-offs in larval cod were highly correlated with increased activity levels and the development of body pigmentation. In order to counter  the effects of increased visibility, it may become increasingly important for larval cod to reduce foraging activity in the presence of predation threat.  These results suggest that the observed timing and magnitude of trade-off behaviours in cod larvae may be size (i.e. developmentally) related.


identifier: Wiseman, Marie (Marie Alva) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wiseman=3AMarie_=28Marie_Alva=29=3A=3A.html>   (1991) Towards an understanding of child centered education.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study sought to clarify the concept of child centered instruction. An extensive review of the literature (including the Department of Education curriculum documents from the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador) was undertaken. From this review the major features and implications for practice with respect to child centered instruction were abstracted. -- A survey of primary teachers was conducted to identify teachers' perceptions of the curriculum goals, the learning environment, the educational practices and the role of the teacher in the child centered classroom. In addition the degree of congruence between teachers’  perceptions of child centered instruction and the features identified in the literature was examined. The extent to which teachers perceived child centered instruction to be implemented was explored, as well as the factors perceived to be either supportive or non-supportive of this approach. -- The sample for this study consisted of 43 teachers from 11 schools under the jurisdiction of the Appalachia Roman Catholic School Board situated on the west coast of Newfoundland and Labrador. Instrumentation for data collection included a questionnaire and an interview. -- The findings of the study suggest that there is a high degree of unanimity among teachers regarding their perceptions of the goals, the learning environment, the instructional strategies and the role of the teacher in the child centered classroom.  Some differences were found when an analysis of variance was done using the independent variables of number of years teaching, orientation of training, grade presently teaching and class size.  The majority of respondents (64%) felt that teachers are working towards a child centered approach to instruction but that to date it has not been extensively implemented. A number of factors were identified as being supportive of child centeredness.  These included availability of sufficient resources, small pupil/teacher ratios, sufficient preparation time, parental involvement, professional support and positive teacher attitudes.  Likewise, an absence of these factors was considered to be non- supportive of such an approach.   In addition, two other factors were deemed to have an adverse effect on the implementation of child centered instruction. These were the lack of classroom physical space and a number of policies enacted by the Department of Education. -- Recommendations were that the Department of Education examine the role of its authorized resources and curriculum guides in promoting child centered instruction. The need for financial assistance in purchasing resource materials, both for classroom and district resource centers, was noted. The recommendation was also made that the Department of Education provide more extensive guidelines on the role of interdisci- plinary teaching, as well as compile a bibliography of resource material pertinent to child centered instruction. -- Several recommendations regarding the nature of district level inservice were made. The suggestion was also made that the Newfoundland Teachers' Association expand the recommended materials list developed for kindergarten to include the primary grades and follow through on its recommendation regarding the set up of district class size committees. -- Finally, the recommendation was made that the idea of allowing one planning day a month for primary teachers (arising out of a survey conducted by the Provincial Primary Teachers' Council), be acted upon.


identifier: MacKinnon, Marian E. M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacKinnon=3AMarian_E=2E_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1993) Towards meeting the health care needs of the Chinese elderly : meaning and potential health consequences associated with care receiving for the Chinese elderly.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study was carried out to explore the meaning and potential health consequences, to the Chinese elderly, of being dependent on family for physical, financial, psychological and social needs. Themes arising from the data provided the framework for presentation and discussion of the findings. -- Ten elderly Chinese participated in the study which involved tape recorded face-to-face interviews. A pilot study was initially conducted with four Chinese elders using an interview guide of semi-structured and open ended questions. -- The interview guide was developed by the researcher. Following the pilot study, the revised interview guide was used with six more Chinese elderly to obtain in depth descriptions of the elder's experiences related to care receiving. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. -- Analysis of the data revealed that elderly Chinese immigrants may experience psychological, social, as well as potential physical health consequences related to the care receiving situation. Four major concepts emerged from data analysis: 1) loneliness and isolation, associated with absence of social contacts, language difficulties, intergenerational differences, and transportation problems; 2) reduced resources with which to reciprocate, and hence balance the care receiving relationship; 3) an expressed need for meaningful relationships and roles within the family; and 4) the desire for greater independence within the care receiving situation with families. -- Implications for providing culturally sensitive care are discussed, as well as implications for nursing education and research. Some speculative relationships between relevant concepts are suggested as a possible basis for a future framework for care receiving.


identifier: Dawe, Robert T. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dawe=3ARobert_T=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1989) Transactional theory in the teaching of the novel, grades 4-12.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis advocates a re-evaluation of novel study. Grades 4 to 12. It appears that too few students have formed the habit of turning to literature for pleasure and insight. Many high school graduates distrust their personal response to the novel, some even feel they lack the capacity to enjoy or understand works of literature. The novel for them has been too much something to know about, something to summarize or analyze or define. Teaching has been analogous to a spectator sport where the student sits on the sidelines watching the teacher react to the work of art. The teacher, in an effort to crystallize the ideas about a text for some test, often rushes past the process of active creation and re-creation of the text by the student. -- Transactional theory suggests that the teacher at any level of instruction must concern himself with three aspects of literary experience - the work itself, the reader, and the interaction of the text and the reader. The experience of literature, far from being for the reader a passive process of absorption, is a form of intense personal activity. -- The purpose of this thesis then is two-fold: First, patterning on the stages of mental growth established by A.N. Whitehead, this thesis argues for a developmental approach to the teaching of the novel. Students move through three stages of growth from a state of unconscious enjoyment to a conscious delight of books. The Romantic stage (Grades 4-8) is a time in which students explore, read and react freely to a wide variety of texts. The Precision stage (Grades 9-11) is a period in which students consider alternative responses and examine further both the craft of the novel and their own reaction to it. The Generalization stage (Grade 12) is the time of conscious delight in which the student has the power to synthesize all the literary elements into a unified pattern. -- Second, this thesis advocates the application of transactional theory in the teaching of the novel at each stage. The accompanying teacher strategies are aimed to facilitate principles inherent in that reader-response approach with its emphasis on the role of the reader. The reader's background and the feelings called forth by the reading are not only relevant, they are the foundation upon which understanding of a text is built. Transactional theory encourages students to put themselves into the character's place, interpret what's happening to the character as a commentary on what actually is happening to them. The proposed strategies place priority on collaborative activities, students talking together to come to an understanding of a literary text. An awareness that others have different experiences with a novel should simply lead the reader back to the text for a closer look.   The methodology assigns responsibility to the student for making meaning in reading and writing. Procedures outlined devalue somewhat the teacher's role as dispenser of knowledge, arbiter of correctness, but aims instead to make the students more autonomous and committed readers. It is through a critical scrutiny of their responses - and here the teacher's role is crucial - that the readers can come to understand their personal attitudes and gain the maturing perspective needed for a fuller and sounder response to literature.


identifier: Lee, William Cartarett <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lee=3AWilliam_Cartarett=3A=3A.html>   (1975) Community utilization of school facilities : a study of the policies, programs, personnel and problems in selected areas of Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Traditionally, the schools in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador were used to a great extent by the communities which they served.  However, with the increase in the number of other facilities available for community use and the consolidation of school boards and schools into larger units, non-school use by the community deemed to decline. Now we are seeing a resurgence of interest in this concept. -- From a review of related literature on community use in the United States and Canada, new ideas and approaches have developed.   A philosophy of community education has emerged suggesting that people of the community should make the greatest use possible of their schools to further develop the community as a whole. Community schools have been established as the vehicle by which the philosophy is implemented. -- This study has attempted to ascertain the extent to which specific schools in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador were used by the community. Five aspects of community use were researched: the policies developed, the programs in operation, the personnel using the schools, the problems  being experienced, and the prospects for future use. To determine this, three separate instruments were used.  A province-wide questionnaire was used to examine policies, programs, personnel, problems, and prospects of one hundred thirty-four (134) schools judged to be used to a great extent.   A structured interview was administered to a sample of community leaders, principals and/or coordinators of after-school programs in eight (8) schools chosen for in-depth study. Besides this, a sample of the clientele using these eight (8) schools were questioned to determine their attitude toward the present program and the prospects for future expansion.  Finally, a sample of heads of households or their spouses were questioned in one specific community. The purpose here was to obtain views concerning present and future demands for school use by the community. -- Some of the major  findings  of the study include the following:  (1)  considerable use is being made of many schools by the community, (2)  most extensive use is made for Education, Religious, Recreational and Social purposes, (3)   some school board policies do not appear to be clearly understood by school principals and others who responded to the questionnaire and structured interviews, (4)  the basic, problems being  experienced relate to supervision, cleaning, cost and lack of storage space, (5)  there are demands for greater use, particularly for physical fitness, general interest and job upgrading course, and (6) the    Provincial Government should accept much of the financial responsibility for community use.


identifier: Jia, Zhihong <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Jia=3AZhihong=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Contingency ranking for on-line voltage stability assessment.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Voltage stability is one of the challenging problems in power system operation. This thesis deals with fast algorithms for Contingency Screening and Ranking (CS&R) for power system voltage stability studies. CS&R is one of the important components of on-line voltage stability assessment. Its purpose is to rapidly and accurately determine which contingencies may cause power system voltage instability according to their severity. -- First, two popular voltage stability analysis methods, Continuation Power Flow (CPF) and minimum singular value of Jacobian matrix, are studied in this thesis. Then, several existing CS&R methods are reviewed. Two of them, Reactive Support Index (RSI) and Generalized Curve Fitting (GCF) methods, are investigated in detail. -- Finally, based on the GCF method, two novel methods for CS&R are proposed in this thesis. After employing the two improved methods, reselecting curve fitting points and filtering out unreasonable nose points, the simulation results show that the proposed methods have the ability to provide a fast estimate of voltage stability margins and thus select the most severe contingencies. The proposed methods have been applied for different power systems. These methods have the potential to be implemented in any online voltage stability assessment scheme.


identifier: Chen, Liqin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chen=3ALiqin=3A=3A.html>   (1993) Coordination chemistry of noncyclic and macrocyclic thioether-diazine polydentate ligands.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis describes studies of noncyclic and macrocyclic thioether-diazine polydentate ligands and their coordination chemistry with Cu(II), Cu(I) and Ag(I). In chapter 1, The magnetic interactions in polynuclear copper(II) complexes involving diazine (N-N) bridges are briefly reviewed. The synthesis and properties of a series of polynuclear Cu(II), and Cu(I) complexes of three noncyclic tetradentate (N₄) thioether-diazine ligands are described. The Cu(II) complexes are generally synthesized by the reaction of Cu(II) salts with ligands while some of them are synthesized by oxidation of Cu(I) complexes with air in situ. The X-ray structures of eight complexes were determined. The dinuclear Cu(I) complex is bridged by the diazine group only and dinuclear and tetranuclear Cu(II) complexes are bridged by the diazine and a hydroxide or halogen. Variable-temperature magnetic studies on the Cu(II) complexes indicate moderately strong antiferromagnetic coupling (-2J = 35-537 cm⁻¹). Cyclic voltammetry on the Cu(II) complexes in DMF shows single, essentially nonreversible, redox waves at positive potentials (E¹/² = 0,41-0.48 V vs. SCE) associated with two electron reduction to produce rearranged dinuclear Cu(I) species. In chapter 2, the synthesis, structural, electrochemical, esr and magnetic properties of a series of dinuclear Cu(II) complexes of a potentially octadentate (N⁸) ligand PTAPY (PTAPY=3,6-bis-N,N,N’N’-tetrakis(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)-aminoethanethiolato- pyridazine) are discussed. The X-ray structures of two complexes were determined. In each case the ligand is hexadentate with the pyridazine group remaining uncoordinated and there is no magnetic interaction between the distant copper centres. In chapter 3, five novel thioether-pyridazine macrocycles containing one, two or three pyridazine subunits were synthesized.  A series of mononuclear, dinuclear, trinuclear and polymeric polynuclear Cu(II) complexes were isolated. The X-ray structures of six of these complexes were determined. The macrocycles generally act as nitrogen donors with the copper centres in square planar geometries. The esr spectra of these complexes were studied in detail and interpreted according to their structures. The presence of very weak intradimer antiferromagnetic exchange (-2J <18 cm⁻¹), with even weaker interdimer exchange (-zJ’ <0.51 cm⁻¹) was observed. In chapter 4, a series of Cu(I) and Ag(l) complexes with two macrocycles containing one pyridazine or phthalazine subunit and a S₄ linkage were prepared. The X-ray structures of one ligand and four complexes were determined. The complexes have most unusual polynuclear structures including double stranded chains and crosslinked polymers with the ligands acting predominantly as sulfur donors.


identifier: Gale, Gary <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gale=3AGary=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Coping strategies and interventions to help students through the grief process in the K-12 school system : a practical plan.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The death of a young child or an adolescent is considered to be devastating for all of those involved. Therefore, support systems are vital in facilitating grief work with the child and the adolescent. One such support system that should play a major role in dealing with the death of a student is the K-12 school system. No doubt major studies are occurring in the area, however, in spite of these efforts more work needs to be done and our schools need to be more proactive rather than reactive in their approach. This can be done by including death education as part of the regular curriculum and by training educators and significant others to help children and adolescents through the grief process. -- Chapter one of this paper folio provides an overview of each folio as well as the purpose and significance of each. -- Chapter two provides theoretical explanations of grief and models of grief resolution. This helps provide grief workers with a conceptual frame of reference from which to work. -- Chapter three represents an eclectic approach, based on theory and practical interventions to help students through the grief process, in particular the initial phase, in the K-12 system. A detailed list of intervention strategies and guidelines is provided. -- Chapter four uses the information presented in the first two papers to present a manual or practical plan to deal with the grief that accompanies the death of a student in the K-12 system. -- Collectively, this paper folio provides educators and other significant individuals that work with students in the K-12 system, valuable information to help in the grief process when the tragic death of a student occurs.


identifier: Mackay, John Wisdom <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mackay=3AJohn_Wisdom=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Country music performance in northern Nova Scotia : an occupational study of Art Fitt, vernacular craftsman.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study of musical performance and its context examines the local scenes in which it occurs. Drawing on materials from academic and popular sources as well as fieldwork and interviews, the claim is made that country music is not only a mass mediated phenomenon but also a highly meaningful form of located expression in the vernacular milieu of working class Pictou County, Nova Scotia. The reflexive ethnographic presentation in the study also uses biographical detail to suggest the dilemmas of being a native observer. -- Using the ballad and folksong study of W. Roy Mackenzie (1883-1957) as a starting point, the analysis points to ways in which contemporary country music inherits elements of earlier narrative song forms and shows how those forms take root in one place. In doing so, a distinction is made between the inclusive term country music and the categories within it which are meaningful to local residents and their musical taste communities: bluegrass, honky tonk, old-time, and country rock. Such categories are not genres in the usual sense, but together make a complex of musical canons. -- The focus is on one country music craftsman and his occupational folklife, his work world.  Art Fitt's apprenticeship in a musical coal mining family and at house parties in Stellarton provided early skills which he later employed in professional bands across Canada.  He now earns his livelihood as a one man band and running talent contests for amateur singers. These performances are held at taverns, lounges, clubs and Legions, mostly in Stellarton, Westville, and New Glasgow.  His public performance is contrasted with his brother's more domestic performance style. -- The career of Art Fitt is shown to be substantially unlike that of famous stars. His knowledge of the cultural environment provides him with special skills which he employs to succeed in the business of performance. It is shown that his ties to his audience, and to the larger local community, condition his repertoire and make him an effective organic intellectual.


identifier: Chen, Yin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chen=3AYin=3A=3A.html>   (1996) Crack detection in plated T-joints through vibration techniques.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The study presents investigations on different aspects of vibration techniques for crack detection in welded T-joints; it incorporates experimental testing, finite element analysis, system identification and model updating procedures in developing a methodology for detecting and quantifying fatigue cracks in plated T-joints. The experimental study measured modal parameter changes that occur in a structure as a fatigue crack grows in the critical region of plated T-joints. The finite element model was generated and refined by comparing the frequency response functions (FRFs) obtained from the finite element (FE) model and the intact experimental model. Finally, combining the experimental and finite element results and utilizing a model updating procedure a methodology was developed to find out the location, length and depth of the crack at different intervals of fatigue crack growth; the methodology used the correlation between the finite element and experimental frequency response functions. Local strain frequency response functions, which are very sensitive to cracking, were used as the objective functions in the model updating procedure. Perturbation based updating procedure, which incrementally modifies the design parameters (i.e. crack location, length and depth) at every iteration, was used to minimize the error in FRFs between the experimental and finite element models. Changes in strain mode shapes were used to determine the approximate location of the crack initially; subsequent estimation of crack profile was carried out utilizing model updating procedure and using line spring (crack) elements to model the crack. -- The crack location, length and depth measured from five experimental T-joint specimens have been correctly identified and quantified by this methodology. To the author's best knowledge, the application of this method to a plate-type structure and the accuracy that could be achieved have never been investigated in the published literature so far. At the conclusion of this study, a promising method for crack detection is provided. It is believed that this will help in the further development of new vibration-based NDE techniques for industrial applications.


identifier: Everett, Holly Jeannine <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Everett=3AHolly_Jeannine=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Crossroads : roadside accident memorials in and around Austin, Texas.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis considers issues in belief and material culture studies in an examination of roadside cross memorials in and around the city of Austin, Texas. Thirty-five memorial sites, including both Mothers Against Drunk Driving crosses, which are erected through the Texas Department of Transportation, and others constructed by private citizens, are featured in descriptions and photographs. -- The first two chapters provide the historical and current context for the appearance of vernacular memorials and discuss a number of memorials, both informal and formal, in North America and Europe, including roadside crosses in other areas of Texas. Chapter three details Austin's crosses, noting dominant patterns in construction and assembly and providing a thorough inventory of memorial offerings. Items placed at many of the crosses reflect an ongoing dialogue with the deceased (notes, inscriptions on bridge railings), and the continuation of missed celebrations (toys, homecoming mums, graduation tassels). The memorials thus become representative not only of the mystery of death, but of the deceased themselves. -- In chapters four and five, Austin area residents consider their involvement with, and perceptions of, various memorial assemblages. Informant responses are analyzed in terms of vernacular, domestic religious expression, political activism and grief processes. A number of roadside memorial assemblages contain elements more often associated with seasonal home and yard adornment, a manner of decoration which allows bereaved individuals to incorporate the dead into the world of the living, and vice versa. -- Whereas contemporary funeral custom and landscape emphasizes the difference between the deceased and those who mourn, roadside cross memorials present a more universally active, and thus affective threshold. Individuals mourning the sudden death of a loved one must negotiate a complex field of emotion, often dealing not only with their own grief, but that of other relatives and friends of the deceased. Additionally, magico-religious beliefs may be called into question and/or reaffirmed, as are individual priorities and expectations. In an effort to incorporate an unexpected loss, a number of my informants maintain memorial assemblages as places of intimacy and community, sacred spaces in which death may be contemplated, and life celebrated.


identifier: Rzentkowski, G.(Grzegorz Ludwik) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rzentkowski=3AG=2E=28Grzegorz_Ludwik=29=3A=3A.html>   (1990) Current-induced vibration in multi-tube marine riser.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study looks at the non-linear behaviour of cylinder arrays subjected to fluid cross-flow. The emphasis is on the hysteresis phenomena, associated with fluidelastic excitation, which prove essential in the stability analysis in a low mass-damping parameter range typical for multi-tube marine risers. Since an array generates a high level of turbulence, this forcing mechanism is also included. The present work represents a significant departure from previous studies where attention was primarily focused on linearized fluid mechanics. -- A detailed experimental program, conducted in an attempt to reduce the number of degrees-of-freedom needed to model post-stable behaviour of a fully flexible cylinder array, provides a clear explanation for the underlying excitation mechanism. It shows that the fluid-damping force, associated with the transverse-to-flow motion of a single flexible cylinder, can induce hysteresis-type post-stable behaviour. That is, the underlying fluidelastic mechanism requires only one degree-of-freedom to operate. With this observation as a guide, a theoretical model is formulated. The proposed model is a modified time-domain version of an earlier linearized steady-state formulation for fluidelastic instability, developed by Lever and Weaver, which is based on one-dimensional flow and a phase lag between cylinder motion and flow adjustment. First, the fluidelastic equation of motion is solved analytically to third order using the first approximation method of Kryloff and Bogoliuboff. The effect of turbulence is examined via superposition of both excitation mechanisms (the random field of turbulence is represented by a flat power spectrum). Next, a fully non-linear solution is found using a direct numerical integration of the equation of motion. The essential features of the stability behaviour are discussed with the aid of bifurcation theory by analogy with corresponding static systems. -- The fluidelastic analysis predicts a stable limit cycle which becomes unstable as the mass-damping parameter is increased.   Physical arguments, however, suggest that an opposite behaviour should occur, pointing to a weakness in the model formulated here. A significant improvement, leading also to prediction of hysteresis effects, is derived from an assumption that the phase lag is governed by cylinder motion and decreases with increasing oscillatory amplitude. The combined analysis shows that the fluidelastic stability boundary, when characterized by an unstable bifurcation, may be reduced by turbulence (the rate of reduction is directly proportional to turbulence strength and inversely proportional to unstable limit cycle). For a stable bifurcation, the fluidelastic stability boundary is virtually unaffected and the effect of turbulence is only apparent (interpretation of response curves).


identifier: Dong, Xiaomin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dong=3AXiaomin=3A=3A.html>   (1999) D-Buffer : a new hidden-line algorithm in image-space.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In many applications such as computer-aided design (CAD), drafting, descriptive geometry, geometric modeling, computer animation, and virtual reality, etc.. real-time or time-critical rendering is required by three-dimensional interaction and manipulation to provide adequate information of complex objects. Traditionally, rendering techniques can be discussed in two major categories: shaded mode and wireframe mode. While shaded rendering algorithms create more realistic pictures, wireframe techniques are more efficient for generating line-drawing images that are often more informative. In wireframe images, it is preferred to display the hidden-lines in a special style to distinguish them from ordinary visible lines. Thus hidden-line algorithms are needed. Though object-space hidden-line algorithms are widely adopted for showing hidden-lines in distinctive styles, image-space algorithms have the advantages of rendering speed and processable shapes for their simplicity.  This thesis develops a new image-space algorithm based on the traditional Z-Buffer algorithm to recover the information loss caused by hidden-line removal. This D-Buffer algorithm improves the Z-Buffer algorithm by drawing the hidden-lines in dotted or dashed style rather than removing them, hence retrieving the concealed information. Some image processing techniques, such as neighborhood operations, are used to generate the dotted or dashed lines. The D-Buffer algorithm is not only as efficient as other image-space algorithms, but is also capable of disclosing more inner structure information for a wide range of three-dimensional objects.


identifier: Clancy, Sean Richard <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Clancy=3ASean_Richard=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Comparative ecology of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill) in two natural and one fertilized lake in central insular Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study compares aspects of the feeding, physiological, population dynamics, ecology, and the life history of the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill in three ponds of the Experimental Ponds Area (EPA), central Newfoundland. Two of the ponds were natural control ecosystems while the third had been fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus each summer since 1991. -- Analysis of stomach contents was used to evaluate feeding intensity and diet composition. Feeding intensity generally decreased throughout the summer. Brook trout were predominantly benthic feeders and switched from a diet dominated by odonate nymphs (Corduliidae) in the spring to one composed of snails (Gastropoda), smaller-sized insect taxa (Trichoptera, Corixidae) and organisms found on or near the surface waters of the pond later in the summer and early fall (Diptera, Hymenoptera). Modest variation in the prey groups selected by male and female trout indicated spatial differences where each gender feeds within the lake ecosystem. Large fish fed on larger-sized prey taxa and had a greater mean ration in comparison to small fish. -- Analysis of somatic-visceral percent lipid content was used to document the seasonal change in physiological condition of large, maturing male, and female trout. The monthly mean lipid content increased from spring to a maximum in mid-summer, then decreased through to fall for each gender. Lipid accumulation coincided with the period when mean ration was greatest, while lipid depletion coincided with a decrease in feeding intensity, an increase in metabolism inferred from higher water temperatures and the diversion of lipid into gonadal mass. Percent lipid content was positively correlated with two indices of condition and negatively correlated with water content which can be used to predict lipid content. -- Analysis of annual seasonal population census data from 1991 to 1996 and electro-fishing data collected in 1996 facilitated the description of the life history and growth characteristics of brook trout in the three ponds. Young-of-the-year were most predominant in the streams and cohort patterns indicated trout enter the ponds at ages 1+ and 2+. The lack of older fish in the streams suggests that death may be the principle source of loss for pond fish aged 2+ and older. The maximum age observed was age 5+. Male trout matured at a smaller size and at a younger age, on average, than females; the majority of reproductive individuals were age 3+. Female brook trout produced an average of 236 eggs per female with a mean egg diameter of 3.23 mm.   EPA brook trout displayed generally smaller fork lengths at age than fish in other lakes on the mainland and insular Newfoundland. -- Comparison of the temporal change in the brook trout population abundance, population structure and growth characteristics in the experimental pond relative to the controls facilitated the investigation of the potential effects of the whole-lake fertilization experiment. There was an increase in brook trout density in the experimental pond relative to the controls during the fourth year of fertilization, consistent with an expected 'bottom-up' response to increased macroinvertebrate abundance, followed by increased mortality rates possibly attributable to a 'top-down' impact by loons. Fertilization appears not to have increased growth rates of fish in the experimental pond, as indicated by the comparisons of age-class fall weight, however the growth patterns of experimental pond fish varied less among individuals than those of the control ponds across years.


identifier: Stevens, Laura Kathleen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stevens=3ALaura_Kathleen=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Comparison of perinatal health prior to and after the northern cod fishery closure in selected Newfoundland communities.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was descriptive, retrospective, and comparative in nature and was an adjunct to the health section of an interdisciplinary study funded by the Tri-Council Eco- Research Program. The study focused on the possible impact on perinatal health of the northern cod fishery closure that occurred in select areas of Atlantic Canada in July 1992. The purpose of this study was to compare the perinatal health of women and their infants in communities in the Bonavista headland area of Newfoundland during the period 1990-1992 inclusive (pre-fishery closure, n = 396) and 1993-1995 inclusive (post-fishery closure, n = 345) to determine if there was any difference in indicators of perinatal health. Data were used from the Live Birth Notification Forms for the Bonavista headland communities obtained from the Department of Health, the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. One of the primary objectives of this research was to identify if there was an increase in the number of low birthweight infants (under 2,500 g). The data set contained all the births in the area for the selected periods and, therefore, analysis was based on a population. Descriptive statistics were employed and results showed some differences between the two groups. Specifically, the post fishery closure group had a higher percentage of mothers beginning prenatal care earlier and experiencing pregnancy complications. Furthermore, the mean birthweight was 88.6 g lower for this group and there was a higher percentage of infants born under 2,500 g and below 37 weeks gestation. Although no causal conclusions may be made overall, these results indicate that positive and negative differences have occurred in perinatal health since the close of the fishery. These results hold important implications for nursing on a population health level.


identifier: Zhou, Ming <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Zhou=3AMing=3A=3A.html>   (1993) Complement components CR2, factor H and I : genetic polymorphism and immunoregulatory function.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Regulators of Complement Activation gene cluster on chromosome 1 includes genes for regulatory proteins which interact with complement component C3. The general aim of this project was to explore genetic variation and/or immunological function of certain of these proteins. -- One specific aim was to assess factor H, factor I and complement receptor 2 (CR2) genetic polymorphisms. An immunodetection system was developed to identify factor H variants separated by isoelectric focusing. The method is economical and suitable for population surveys. Allele frequencies estimated from 129 serum samples are FH*1  0.597 and FH*2 0.403. No association was observed between factor H types and rheumatoid arthritis. A new variant, IF*B1, was found when 288 Caucasians were typed for Factor I, The results from this survey also indicated that IF*A is present at a much lower frequency in Caucasians than in Asiatics. SDS-PACE followed by immunoblotting was used to define a new, 75 kDa variant (CR2 L) of CR2 (CR2 H). Six CR2 L heterozygotes and one homozygote were observed in 63 unrelated samples and segregation of CR2 L was demonstrated by a family study. Flow cytometry analysis of the binding of EBV and various anti-CR2 monoclonal antibodies to a CR2 L homozygous cell line did not clarify the molecular basis for the reduced size of CR2 L. -- A second specific objective was to explore in vivo, using a mouse model, the regulatory role of CR2 in the immune response. Pretreatment with anti-CR2 significantly depressed the primary response (mainly IgM) to a T-dependent antigen and impaired the generation of immunological memory, but did not eradicate an already established immunological memory. The suppressive effect was different from that initiated by cobra venom factor pretreatment (C3 depletion) where only the primary igG response was affected. Antigen complexed with anti-CR2 is physiologically analogous to C3d-Ag-Ab. Ag-anti-CR2 complexes evoked an in vivo secondary response at a 100-fold lower Ag dose than Ag alone. Taken together, these results suggest, but do not prove, that (i) when stimulated by a single signal from CR2, B cells can become anergic and (ii) CR2 can enhance the secondary response either by signaling via CR2 complexed to IgM or CD19, or by localizing Ag-Ab complexes on follicular dendritic cells. -- KEY WORDS: Factor H Factor I  CR2  Polymorphism Immune response


identifier: Bongard, Rivendell K. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bongard=3ARivendell_K=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Composition, analysis and diversion alternatives of the solid waste stream at Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This report was developed on the initiative of the Waterford Hospital Foundation to integrate an Ever Green Recycling depot in cooperation with Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN). A three week solid waste audit was performed on the St. John's campus to determine the current waste composition and generation rates. The methods presently employed for managing the solid waste stream and the amount of compo stable and recyclable materials presently landfiiled were identified. Public awareness and attitudes towards recycling on campus were also surveyed. -- Memorial University generates 3,500 short tons of solid waste per annum (2.03 lb/capita-day) and does not have a comprehensive solid waste management policy. According to the audit results and the Newfoundland recycling regulations, recyclable materials (office paper, newspaper, corrugated cardboard, plastics, Tetra Pak, glass, tin and aluminum cans) constitute 29.86% and compostable matter (food and yard wastes) represents 11.79% of MUN's solid waste stream. -- Furthermore, this study attempts to identify procedures for waste reduction and the recovery of recyclable and compostable materials. Appropriate waste management could reduce the present waste collection expenditures of $110,000 per annum for the main campus by 42% to $64,000. Cooperation with the WHF could transform the recyclable waste into a minimum revenue of $42,000 annually. Also, approximately 460 short tons of waste could be diverted into compost to condition local topsoil.


identifier: Muzaffar, Towhid Bin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Muzaffar=3ATowhid_Bin=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Computer simulation of Shawnee historical phonology.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this study, an attempt has been made to use the computer program, PHONO, to develop a computer model which operates on the principle of the regularity of sound change. Surprising though it may seem, since this concept was first coined in modern linguistics, no standard computer program has been developed which could apply cross-linguistically to simulate and study diachronic change. -- We have shown that the program may be used in the study of the Algonquian family of languages. We have developed a working model for the study of phonological change from the reconstructions of Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee. Using this Shawnee Model, we have simulated Shawnee data from reconstructed Proto-AIgonquian words and illustrated a technique to collect or search for evidence for the reconstructed forms. -- Given the nature and status of many languages of the world which are threatened with extinction, this technique may facilitate the preservation of valuable evidence for extinct prehistoric languages.


identifier: Zheng, Tongsheng <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Zheng=3ATongsheng=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Concurrent solutions of large sparse linear systems.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Computer-aided circuit analysis, or circuit simulation, is widely used in the area of circuit design. Circuit simulation programs, e.g. SPICE, create and solve systems of differential equations which describe the analyzed electronic circuit. The systems of differential equations are converted into nonlinear algebraic equations and solved through a sequence of linear approximations to the nonlinear equations. -- Parallel processing is a promising way to improve the performance of circuit simulation programs. Several attempts to port sequential codes into equivalent ones for shared-memory architectures have been reported in the literature. However, with the increasing popularity of message-passing systems, our project aims at the parallelization of a circuit simulation program on a network of workstations. A domain decomposition approach was implemented through a master-slave model on a cluster of SUN stations. The experiments show speedups over up to 8 workstations. This presentation discusses the implemented algorithm and provides an overview of some performance results.


identifier: Chakraborty, Debanond <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chakraborty=3ADebanond=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Configuration interaction (singles) study of geometric and electronic properties of conducting polymers.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The nature of the geometric and electronic transitions taking place in π-conjugated oligo(thiophene)s, oligo(cyclopentadiene)s, oligo(fulvene)s and their cyano based derivatives are investigated using an ab initio approach, including correlation effects. Theoretical evidence based on excited state electronic studies of the most stable forms of thiophene and cyclopentadiene based oligomers show that the cyano-derivatives of these polymers possess smaller intrinsic band gaps than their parents. The geometries of these neutral five-membered ring oligomers have been optimized using the ab initio restricted Hartree-Fock method followed by the single configuration interaction (CIS) technique with 3-21G* basis set within the framework of Gaussian 94. It has been observed that the 3-21G* basis set describes the qualitative geometric and electronic features reliably. Single substitution of electrons in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (conduction band) from the highest occupied molecular orbitals (valence band) shows good agreements with the experimentally observed excited state energies (where available) for the six molecular systems investigated in this study. Of these, the lowest was for the tetramer of poly-(dicyanomethylene cyclopentadithiophene) (1.63 eV), followed by poly-(dicyanomethylene cyclopentadifulvene) (2.34 eV) and poly-(dicyanomethylene cyclopentadicyclopentadiene) (2.57 eV). The molecular geometric modifications in going from the ground to the lowest excited state show particular trends towards a full aromatic benzoid like structure with almost equal bond lengths along the molecular backbone. The heteroatomic substitutions and the geometry relaxation phenomenon show an efficient approach to band gap control. The geometry relaxation phenomena occurring in the singlet and triplet states show more pronounced and localized bond length alternations in the triplet states, confirming the more localized character of triplet states. Maximum planarity, weak interactions of the chain backbone with the bridging group, enhanced π character of the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals along with charge transfer phenomenon also contribute to band gap lowering. For these oligomers, the evolution of the lowest energy, singlet-triplet transitions with chain length ranging from one to eight rings, has also been investigated. The lowest three singlet and three triplet states are characterized with the oscillator strengths in the oligomers along with the lattice distortions taking place due to the π – π* transitions. The inclusion of electron correlation results in a significant reduction in the band gap and shows excellent agreement with the experimental results. The calculated transition energies are within 0.1 – 0.4 eV of the experimental results.


identifier: Adluri, Vasantha Lakshmi <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Adluri=3AVasantha_Lakshmi=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Consistency in cooperative executions.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Consistency in cooperative executions

abstract: Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is the study of how computers can be used to help people work together. Cooperative work on shared, persistent data requires computing system support to coordinate the work of multiple users and to ensure data consistency. Attempts to extend the traditional concepts of transactions and serializability to specify consistency of cooperative executions have largely been unnatural and unsatisfactory. -- In this thesis, a new approach is presented to specify consistency of cooperative executions. It is based on an intuitive notion of legality of the read operations. Five legalities, each capturing a different notion of 'recentness' of the values, with respect to a defining relation are explored. They are stated formally in terms of system executions in shared read/write variables. A cooperative execution is consistent in a strong sense when all reads obey all legalities. By relaxing the legality requirements, and also by choosing different defining relations, a large variety of (weaker) consistencies can be specified in a hierarchical manner. -- We also give detailed algorithms for ensuring the various legalities. The algorithms correspond to three different environments - centralized, distributed, and mobile agent setups. We illustrate some examples where the legalities can be employed in various aspects of cooperative work.


identifier: Crocker, Sue <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Crocker=3ASue=3A=3A.html>   (1999) De L'abject : theorie psychanalytique et Le vice-consul de Marguerite Duras.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Ce mémoire est une exploration du fonctionnement de la signification et du rôle du symbolisme et de la corporalité dans ce fonctionnement. Cette exploration est poursuivie dans le cadre de la théorie psychanalytique du sujet et dans le but d'identifier un outil analytique convenant a l’objet littéraire. -- Nous traçons Ie développement de la pensée psychanalytique en ce qui concerne la subjectivité et Ie fonctionnement de la signification en considérant les théories de Freud, de Lacan et de Kristeva. Chez Freud nous constatons la reconnaissance de 1'importance de la corporalité ainsi que du fonctionnement de l’inconscient par rapport a la formation du moi. Chez Lacan le fonctionnement linguistique de l’inconscient est fortement souligne tandis que le rôle de la corporalité est largement ignore. Chez Kristeva la théorie de l’abject rend compte de la dette corporelle du symbolisme et du sujet. -- L'abject nous sert d'outil théorique vis-à-vis de l’analyse thématique et structural du Vice-consul. Cette analyse révèle que Ie roman, en tant que texte littéraire, cherche a étirer les Iimites de l’exprimable. La notion de la limite, telle qu'élaborée par le roman, évoque la possibilité du franchissement des Iimites du Symbolique, sans tomber dans le piège de l’incompréhensibilité.


identifier: Moore, Sylvia Lillian Broderick <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Moore=3ASylvia_Lillian_Broderick=3A=3A.html>   (1975) Development studies on the globiferous pedicelleriae of the echinoid strongylocentrotus drobachiensis O.F. Muller with special emphasis on the skeleton.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Developmental stages of the globiferous pedicrellariae of  the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus Drobachiensis O. F. Muller were investigated with a view to understanding the development and differentiation of the skeletal elements, muscles, sensory areas,  nerves and venom glands. Specimens were studied using  the light microscope,  the transmission electron microscope, the scanning electron  microscope, and the analytical electron microscope. -- A globiferous pedicellaria begins as a tiny finger-shaped projection on the test of the sea urchin.  The tip gradually separates into three jaws which continue to merge with each other at their bases.  The skeleton is one of the first components to develop in the appendage.  A skeletal element is deposited in the three jaws and in the basal stalk region. The skeleton remains surrounded by a cluster of cells throughout development. These cells send out numerous projections which are continuous with thin areas of cytoplasm surrounding, or near the skeleton; mitochondria  are numerous in the cytoplasmic projections.   X-ray microprobe analysis with EMMA-4 showed significantly high amounts of calcium in the cells associated with the skeleton  especially in the mitochondria,  vehicular structures and nuclei. The term  calcicyte (L. calx, lime) has been  proposed  to refer  to this skeletogenic  cell type. – The skeletal valves of the jaws develop from a tri-radiate spicule into a very elaborate ossicle with areas for articulation, muscle insertion and passage of nerve fibers. -- Unlike the mature appendage, the developing pedicellaria possesses an epithelium on the outer sides of the jaws that is several cell layers thick. This has been shown to develop into the venom glands. -- The sensory hillock appears as a thickening of the epithelium on the inner side of each jaw. Nerves from the sensory hillocks enter the skeletal valves through  a foramen to innervate the muscles which insert on the skeleton.


identifier: Williams, P. James <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Williams=3AP=2E_James=3A=3A.html>   (1994) Developmental changes in anti-predator defences of marine larval fish.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis describes behavioural experiments that investigate anti-predator defences employed by larval fish.  The first anti-predator defence investigated was cessation of movement, or freezing.  Smaller size classes (mean length 6-10 mm) of larval lumpfish (Cyclopterus luitipus) used the freezing response in the presence of a predator, despite the fact that this behaviour precluded foraging.  Interestingly, fifteen week old larvae (mean length 15 mm) no longer used this defence, presumably because the predator no longer posed a threat. -- The second anti-predator defence investigated was the escape response, defined as a period of high acceleration followed by burst swimming.  Escape response performance was measured in larval winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus), ranging in size from newly hatched (3.5 mm TL) to metamorphosed juveniles (10 mm TL) .  All escape response performance measurements (mean and maximum speed, distance travelled during the first 100 ms of the response, and total distance travelled) increased with larval length.  There was no obvious decrease in performance during metamorphosis, nor was any increased rate of improvement noted after metamorphosis. -- The escape response performance of length ranges of an additional four species of larval fish, including cod (Gadus morhua), capelin (Mailotus villosus), herring fciupea harengus), and radiated shanny (Ulyaria subbifurcata) were measured. These results were combined with the winter flounder data to produce general models for the following performance measurements: mean and maximum speed, distance travelled during the first 17 and 100 ms of the response, and total distance travelled during the response.  In all models, except that relating distance during 100 ms to larval length, the logarithm of the performance measurement was significantly linearly related to larval length. Distance travelled during the first 100 ms was linearly related to larval length. -- The potential for increased drag, and subsequent reduced performance during escape responses occurring very near the surface was investigated, in an attempt to partition some of the within-length variation observed in the general models.  No overall reduction in performance was detected in responses near the surface; in fact, some performance measurements actually showed significant improvement.


identifier: Denduluri, Srinivas <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Denduluri=3ASrinivas=3A=3A.html>   (1994) Differentiation of nitrogen-fixing nodules of Sesbania rostrata with special reference to oleosomes (lipid bodies).  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Development and differentiation in the early stages of nitrogen-fixing stem and root nodules was studied in Sesbania rostrafca. Correlated light and electron microscopic observations have revealed that the bacterium Azorhizobium caulinodans IRG 46, which nodulates Sesbania possibly enters the host through fissures encircling the secondary roots or the root initials present on the stems. Root hair infection threads could not be seen, although root hair growth inhibition was induced by the bacteria. The bacteria passed through the intercellular space before producing infection thread-like invaginations in the target cells, where they were released. -- One of the striking features of the early stages of differentiation in the infected cell is the occurrence of oleosomes (lipid bodies) in both root and stem nodules. Even more remarkable is the size of the oleosomes in the stem nodule cells, which are in some cases eight times larger than those in the root oleosome ( 0.5 - 1.0 μm in diameter) population. This increased size is thought to be due to the oversupply of photosynthate from the chlorophyllous cortex of the stem nodule. The photosynthate is possibly stored in triacylglycerol form within oleosomes for short term use. The oleosomes disappear in both root and stem nodules after maturation of the infected cells. In both nodules maturation leads to multiple occupancy of bacteroids within peribacteroid membranes, which proliferate during nodule maturation. -- Lipolytic activity could be localised in the infected zone of the nodule by the Nile Blue dyeing method. Catalase activity was determined by spectrophotometry of the bacteroid and the host cytosol fractions, the latter showing higher activity. Catalase was localized in vesicles budding off the perisymbiotic membrane by the DAB reaction. -- Total lipid estimation by the gravimetric method indicated that the seeds have a higher total lipid content than the stem and root nodules. Gas chromatographic analyses of the lipids from the isolated oleosomes indicate that the dominant unsaturated fatty acids are C14:1, C16:1 in the stem nodule, whereas C18:1, C18:2 are dominant in the root nodule and seeds. Among saturated fatty acids C16:0 and C18:0 in the stem nodule, and C16:0 in the root nodule and the seed are dominant respectively. -- In Sesbania nodules the oleosomes seem to be used up for the growth and development of the infected cells; they are not involved in nitrogen fixation per se.


identifier: Wells, Brian Edgar <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wells=3ABrian_Edgar=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Distance education Advanced Placement Chemistry 4222 : development of a pilot web-based course.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This project consisted of the development of a Web-based course for the Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry curriculum outlined by the College Board. The College Board is an association of schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations dedicated to making college courses available to all students. Through the College Board, college-level courses, including AP courses and exams, are available to students while still in high school. For further information about the College Board consult the following Internet site: http://www.collegeboard.org/. -- The unique aspect of this project was that the AP Chemistry course was developed to be delivered from a distance, utilizing the Internet. This project involved several components, including a complete set of 72 interactive lessons, with animation, which could be accessed via the World-Wide Web. Included within each lesson were references to a textbook, study guide and a CD-ROM that accompanied the textbook. The lessons were complemented with 12 laboratory activities that were also interactive in nature, utilizing online video demonstrations. The course was developed with the support of real-time online instruction utilizing multiple party video conferencing. -- This project report includes a literature review of current trends in distance education and Web course design, as well as a discussion of the final product. The challenges and limitations of designing and delivering such a course at a distance via the Internet are also addressed.


identifier: Chowdhury, Sultan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chowdhury=3ASultan=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Deep molecular baskets : convergent syntheses of calix[4]naphthalenes via directed ortho metallation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Calix[4]naphthalenes are a new class of compounds which are analogous to the better-known calix[4]arenes, but have deeper cavities. These compounds, especially the endo calix[4]naphthalenes e.g., 31 can behave as "molecular baskets" in their abilities to complex with neutral guest molecules such as [60]fullerene. This thesis describes the synthesis of such deep molecular baskets. -- Calix[4]naphthalene (31 ) was synthesized by self-condensation reactions of 6-tert -butyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-naphthol ( 29 ). Various Lewis acids were evaluated in order to obtain 31 in higher yield. Conformational properties of 31 were studied by VT⁻¹ H NMR experiments in two different deuterated solvents. Alkyl ether derivatives (41a-41b ) of 31 , and also tert -butylcalix[4]naphthalene-1,3-crown 42 were synthesized, and all compounds were shown by NMR experiments to exist in cone conformations. -- A synthetic route toward the synthesis of the C₂ᵥ -symmetrical "C-12" endo calix[4]naphthalenes e.g., 35 allowed us to evaluate the efficiency of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions for various benzylic halides and bromomethylnaphthalenes with phenyl- and naphthylboronic acids. Directed ortho Metallation (DoM) reactions using both n -butyl- and tert -butyllithium were evaluated for the introduction of various functional groups orthoto the hydroxyl group of 2-naphthol, bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methane and their derivatives. -- Synthesis of calix[4]naphthalene (35 ) was achieved using both acid- and base-induced condensation reactions of compound 98 and aqueous formaldehyde solution. Various alkyl ether derivatives ( 113a-113d ) of 35 were obtained, and their conformational properties were studied by NMR experiments. The X-ray crystal structure of113d revealed that it exists in a cone conformation as a clathrate containing two molecules of toluene located in its hydrophobic cavity. -- Calix[4]naphthalene (114 ), an example of an endo/exo -type calixnaphthalene was synthesized using "2 + 2" Böhmer condensation conditions. Considerable effort was expended to synthesize endo calix[4]naphthalenes (78-80 ), and other calixarenes containing mixed benzene and naphthalene units (e.g., 116 ) via "2 + 2" and/or "3 + 1" Böhmer conditions. Other unsuccessful attempts were made to synthesize all the possible isomers of endo calix[4]naphthalenes (35a-c and 107 ) using Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. -- Several approaches towards modifying the lower rim of calixarenes were undertaken in order to deepen their cavities. The hydroxyl groups of 2 were derivatived to triflates 118-121 and also to nonaflate 125 in order to evaluate Suzuki Miyaura, Stille and Pd-catalyzed carbonylative reaction conditions. The first successful syntheses aryl ether derivatives (131-134 and 137-143 ) of 2 were achieved using either Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (SN Ar) or Ullmann ether conditions.


identifier: Kader, Abdul <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kader=3AAbdul=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Delivery of cytotoxic agents using low density lipoprotein (LDL) - physico-chemical and biological evaluation of LDL-drug conjugates.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles appear very promising for delivering anticancer drugs specifically to tumor or macrophage cells by exploiting the LDL or the scavenger receptor pathway. I have chosen doxorubicin [Dox] to investigate the feasibility of this approach in cancer chemotherapy. Dox could be directly incorporated into LDL particles. A lipophilic cholesteryl ester [CE] analogue, cholesteryl iopanoate [CI] was proposed as a radiotracer to study the in vivo fate of LDL. CI was radioiodinated with ¹²⁵I by a pivalic acid exchange reaction and the radiochemical purity was determined by HPLC in conjunction with γ-counting and was found to be more than 95% pure. -- A new reverse phase HPLC procedure with UV detection was developed for the quantitation of CI. The regression line, and intra- and interday variations for a set of standards were determined and were found to be statistically valid. The minimum detection range was less than 10 ng for the compound. The % recovery from LDL was found to be more than 95%. Plasma protein binding of Dox was studied ex-vivo. Dox was found to be more than 30% lipoprotein bound. The plasma distribution of Dox was refashioned by preincubating plasma with oleic acid. With oleic acid, Dox association with lipoproteins increased from less than 30% to approximately 70%. -- Mainly the contact method or the direct addition method was adapted to incorporate drugs into LDL particles. The loading techniques were optimized in terms of incubation time, temperature, and stoichiometry of LDL-drug conjugates. A four to six hour protocol and 37° incubation temperature were chosen with a drug to protein ratios more than 1. The effect of various wetting agents, such as Tween 20,40, 60 and 80, Span 60, Triton-X, and Celite 545, and ethanol was investigated for LDL-Dox conjugates in the contact method. Tween 20 was chosen for its favorable loading efficiency (more than 5-fold compared to the dry film method). Liposomal Dox was prepared by an extrusion technique with 24% loading efficiency. The liposomal Dox preparation was found to be the most suitable (45 molecules of Dox/LDL particle) compared to other methods such as the dry film method, the contact method with Tween 20, and the direct addition method. -- All these incorporation methods were found to be suitable for generating LDL-drug conjugates without disrupting the native integrity of LDL particles when characterized by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE], electron microscopy [EM], and differential scanning calorimetry [DSC]. -- An insect lipid transfer catalyst [LTP] was studied and found to enhance drug loading into LDL particles by at least 2 to 5-fold, depending on the drug molecules and the incubation conditions. The LDL-drug conjugates generated by this transfer particle were characterized by SDS-PAGE and EM and found to be similar to native LDL. The site of drug location in LDL was studied by DSC and UV-visible scanning. The drug was found to be located both in the core and the outer monolayer of LDL for Dox. This kind of enhancement was not observed with human cholesterol ester transfer protein [CETP]. -- Dox interference in bicinchoninic acid [BCA] protein assay method was examined and it was found that Dox interfered [33-fold more sensitive compared to protein] with the protein assay method. A solution to overcome this interference was also suggested using the Bradford method. -- To target macrophages [Mϕ], native LDL was modified by acetylation [acetylated LDL, AcLDL] and Dox was loaded in AcLDL and physico-chemically characterized by SDS-PAGE and EM. The loading efficiency of AcLDL-Dox conjugates was comparable to that of LDL-Dox conjugates. -- Different formulations of Dox were evaluated in cell culture studies using a human tumor cervical cell line, HeLa, and a mouse Mϕ cell line, J774.A1. LDL-Dox conjugates were found to be greater than 18-fold more cytotoxic than the corresponding free drug Dox using the [3-[4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide], [MTT] assay in HeLa cells. When the cytotoxicity of AcLDL-Dox conjugates was examined in J774.A1 cells, a more than 7-fold increase in cytotoxic effects was observed in comparison to its free drug counterpart, Dox.


identifier: Hogan, Colleen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hogan=3AColleen=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Description and interpretation of salient dream images in light of Jungian theory.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This research paper is an exploration of salient dream images as experienced by two women in a non-clinical setting. The descriptions and interpretations of these dream images are explored in light of the theory of Carl G. Jung. Jungian Theory recognizes the significance of symbols in dreams; images represent particular details and dynamics from the participants' life context. Interpretations are further clarified by looking at Jung's notions of compensation, casual and purpose roles of dream images, and archetypes. Consideration is given primarily to verbal commentary but also to the use of art materials as a medium to facilitate dream image description and interpretation.


identifier: Jin, Li <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Jin=3ALi=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Determination of trace metals and copper complexation in freshwater systems of the Bonavista Peninsula, Newfoundland by stripping voltammetry.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The speciation of trace metals in natural waters is important in determining their bioavailability and toxicity. For instance, inorganically bound (often referred to as labile) copper in natural waters is toxic to most phytoplankton species but complexation by natural organic ligands considerably reduces or eliminates this toxicity. In order to be able to understand the effects of trace metals, it is important to determine the amount of labile metals and degree of metal complexation (types and strengths of such complexation). -- Labile zinc, cadmium and lead in freshwater samples from the Bonavista Peninsula area of Newfoundland were analyzed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and labile copper was determined by adsorptive-cathodic stripping voltammetry with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) (ACSV or oxine-CSV). The oxine-CS V method used to determine labile copper in seawater has been modified for use in freshwater. Trace metal results reflected industrial and residential impacts on the watersheds even though concentrations of labile metals were within the typical range of the metals in freshwater. -- Copper complexation was investigated by complexing capacity titrations using the oxine-CS V method to determine concentrations of natural copper complexing ligands and their conditional stability constants. The effect of the adsorption potential on the determination of copper complexation was also studied at three potentials of -0.15 V, -0.7V and -1.1 V. It was found that the detected complexing ligand concentrations decreased 6.1 -69.4 % when the potential used was more negative than -0.15V. The decrease was more severe at more negative potential and lower detection windows. Detailed measurements of copper complexation in freshwater were carried out at three detection windows by varying the oxine concentrations from 7.3 to 36.7 µM and confirmed the presence of several complexing ligands. The detected complexing ligand concentrations were found to decrease with increasing detection window, whereas the conditional stability constants were found to increase.


identifier: Bonev, Boyan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bonev=3ABoyan=3A=3A.html>   (1996) Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance of phospholipids at high pressure.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The effect of hydrostatic pressure on saturated diacyl phospholipids was studied using deuterium NMR. A probe for deuterium NMR studies of soil materials was constructed to operate at pressures up to 2.7 kbar. The response of the bilayer to hydrostatic pressure was found to be highly anisotropic in that the bilayer thickness was observed to increase as the pressure was raised. From the temperature and pressure dependence of the first spectral moments in perdeuterated DMPC, it was concluded that the effect of temperature on area, per lipid decreased with pressure. The main transition in DMPC-d54, was analyzed in terms of a Landau-type free energy model. In another series of experiments lipid headgroups were found to tilt toward the bilayer normal, in response to a pressure-induced reduction in the area per lipid molecule in the bilayer. Experiments where temperature was varied at, high and low pressure led to the conclusion that the headgroup response to temperature consists of two effects - a hcadgroup tilt and a temperature-induced methylene disorder. In a study of perdeuterated DLPC high pressure was found to remove the overlap between the main and the subtransition and to result in the appearance of a true gel phase below the liquid crystalline phase. The low temperature end of the liquid crystalline phase was found to be dominated by an intermolecular ordering process which substantially slowed the motions. In perdeuterated DPPC, high pressure was seen to promote the formation of a number of low temperature phases. When temperature was lowered, the system was observed to pass through the liquid crystalline phase, a possibly interdigitated phase, a phase that might reflect domination by intermolecular correlations, rather than chain order, and a highly ordered crystalline phase. Cholesterol in a DPPC membrane was found to reduce the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the membrane in (lie sense that aside from the pressure-induced temperature shift the ambient pressure phase behaviour was retained even at 2.2 kbar. No evidence was found to suggest that the positioning of the cholesterol molecule in the bilayer might be affected by pressure.