title: Is GABA involved in regulating plant growth and development? /

subject:
GABA.
Growth (Plants)
Plant cells and tissues.

abstract:
Rapid and large accumulation of GABA (y-aminobutyric acid) in response to a number of
plant stresses has been well documented. But the role(s) of GABA in plants is not well defined. In
recent years, the possibility of GABA involvement in regulating plant growth and development has
been raised. In the present study, this possibility was examined.
First, to rapidly and accurately determine GABA levels in plant tissues, a spectrometric
method for GABA determination was developed based on a commercially available enzyme Gabase.
Seventy mM LaCb almost completely removed water-soluble pigments from plant tissues which
greatly interfere with the absorbance reading at 340nm. Inactivation of GAD (glutamate
decarboxylase) by immediately adding methanol to a frozen plant tissue powder was suggested to
prevent GABA production during extraction. The recovery of GABA with this method was
approximately 100%.
Second, the relationship between GABA levels and hypocotyl elongation in soybean
seedlings was analyzed using different approaches to regulate in vivo GABA levels and the
elongation of hypocotyls. The following major observations were made.
(1) Mechanical stimulation by stroking elevated GABA levels and concurrently induced a rapid and
significant reduction in hypocotyl elongation.
(2) External GABA was demonstrated to penetrate into the hypocotyls using '*C-GABA.
Application of external GABA elevated in vivo GABA levels, but failed to inhibit hypocotyl
elongation.
(3) LaCla and blue light irradiation caused an inhibition in the elongation of dark-grown hypocotyls,
whereas GABA levels were not significantly affected. (4) Ca^was suggested to be involved in the signal transduction pathway leading from mechanical
stimulation to GABA production, as indicated by the ability of La'* to inhibit GABA production
in stimulated hypocotyls.
(5) Bicuculline, saclofen and baclofen (agonists and antagonists of GABA receptors in animals) had
no effect on hypocotyl elongation. It might indicate that GABA-binding components which are
structurally similar to animal GABA receptors and functionally capable of regulating plant
growth may not exist in plants.
Therefore, the conclusion was drawn that GABA alone is not sufficient to inhibit hypocotyl
elongation.
Third, chloride influx in isolated Asparagus cells was enhanced by lOmM GABA during a 3
hour incubation, but the effect was not specific for GABA. Chloride efflux was not influenced by
GABA. Both influx and efflux of chloride were significantly inhibited by NPPB, a chloride channel
blocker. These results suggest that GABA does not influence the activity of plant chloride channels.


title: Isolation and characterization of the female sex pheromone of the sugar beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, and an analysis of male precopulatory behaviour /

subject:
Plant nematodes
Plant nematodes

abstract:
The sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, is a major agricultural pest.
The disruption of the mating behaviour of this plant parasite in the field may provide a
means of biological control, and a subsequent increase in crop yield. The H. schachtii
female sex pheromone, which attracts homospecific males, was collected in an aqueous
medium and isolated using high performance liquid chromatography. Characterization of
the male-attractive material revealed that it was heat stable and water soluble. The
aqueous medium conditioned by female H. schachtii was found to be biologically active
and stimulated male behaviour in a concentration dependent manner. The activity of the
crude pheromone was specific to males of H. schachtii and did not attract second stage
juveniles. Results indicated that vanillic acid, a putative nematode pheromone, is not an
active component of the H. schachtii sex pheromone. Male H. schachtii exhibited stylet
thrusting, a poorly understood behaviour of the male, upon exposure to the female sex
pheromone. This behaviour appeared to be associated with mate-finding and was used as
a novel indicator of biological activity in bioassays. Serotonin, thought to be involved in
the neural control of copulatory behaviour in nematodes, stimulated stylet thrusting.
However, the relationship between stylet thrusting induced by the sex pheromone and
stylet thrusting induced by serotonin is not clear. Extracellular electrical activity was
recorded fi-om the anterior region of H. schachtii males during stylet thrusting, and
appeared to be associated with this behaviour. The isolation of the female sex
pheromone of H. schachtii may, ultimately, lead to the structural identification and
synthesis of the active substance for use in a novel biological control strategy.


title: Kierkegaard : the temporality of becoming a self

subject:
Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855.
Self (Philosophy)
Time.

abstract:
Introduction
In Difference and Repetition, Deleuze compares and contrasts Kierkegaard's
and Nietzsche's ideas of repetition. He argues that neither of them really give a
representation of repetition. Repetition for them is a sort of selective task: the way
in which they determine what is ethical and eternal.
With Nietzsche, it is a theater of un belie f. ..... Nietzsche's leading
idea is to found the repetition in the etemal return at once on the death
of God and the dissolution of the self But it is a quite different
alliance in the theater of faith: Kierkegaard dreams of alliance between
a God and a self rediscovered. I
Repetition plays a theatrical role in their thinking. It allows them to dramatically stage
the interplay of various personnae.
Deleuze does give a positive account ofKierkegaard's "repetition"; however,
he does not think that Kierkegaard works out a philosophical model, or a
representation of what repetition is. It is true that in the book Repetition, Constantin
Constantius does not clearly and fully work out the concept of repetition, but in
Sickness Unto Death, Kierkegaard gives a full explanation of the self and its
temporality which can be connected with repetition. When Sickness Unto Death is
interpreted according to key passages from Repetition and The Concept of Anxiety,
a clear philosophical concept of repetition can be established.
In my opinion, Kierkegaard's philosophy is about the task of becoming a self,
and I will be attempting to show that he does have a model of the temporality of self-becoming. In Sickness Unto Death, Kierkegaard explains his notions of despair with
reference to sin, self, self-becoming, faith, and repetition.
Despair is a sickness of the spirit, of the self, and accordingly can take
three forms: in despair not to be conscious of having a self (not
despair in the strict sense); in despair not to will to be oneself; in
despair to will to be oneself2
In relation to this definition, he defines a self as "a relation that relates itself to itself
and in relating itself to itself relates to another.''3 Thus, a person is a threefold
relationship, and any break in that relationship is despair. Despair takes three forms
corresponding to the three aspects of a self s relation to itself Kierkegaard says that
a selfis like a house with a basement, a first floor, and a second floor.4
This model of the house, and the concept of the stages on life's way that it
illustrates, is central to Kierkegaard's philosophy. This thesis will show how he
unpacks this model in many of his writings with different concepts being developed
in different texts. His method is to work with the same model in different ways
throughout his authorship. He assigns many of the texts to different pseudonyms, but
in this thesis we will treat the model and the related concepts as being Kierkegaard's
and not only the pseudonyms. This is justified as our thesis will show this modelremains the same throughout Kierkegaard's work, though it is treated in different
ways by different pseudonyms.
According to Kierkegaard, many people live in only the basement for their
entire lives, that is, as aesthetes ("in despair not to be conscious of having a self').
They live in despair of not being conscious of having a self They live in a merely
horizontal relation. They want to get what they desire. When they go to the first
floor, so to speak, they reflect on themselves and only then do they begin to get a self
In this stage, one acquires an ideology of the required and overcomes the strict
commands of the desired. The ethical is primarily an obedience to the required
whereas the aesthetic is an obedience to desire.
In his work Fear and Trembling (Copenhagen: 1843), Johannes de
Silentio makes several observations concerning this point. In this
book, the author several times allows the desired ideality of esthetics
to be shipwrecked on the required ideality of ethics, in order through
these collisions to bring to light the religious ideality as the ideality
that precisely is the ideality of actuality, and therefore just as desirable
as that of esthetics and not as impossible as the ideality of ethics. This
is accomplished in such a way that the religious ideality breaks forth
in the dialectical leap and in the positive mood - "Behold all things
have become new" as well as in the negative mood that is the passion
of the absurd to which the concept "repetition" corresponds.s
Here one begins to become responsible because one seeks the required ideality;
however, the required ideality and the desired ideality become inadequate to the
ethical individual. Neither of them satisfy him ("in despair not to will to be oneself'). Then he moves up to the second floor: that is, the mystical region, or the sphere of
religiousness (A) ("despair to will to be oneself).
Kiericegaard's model of a house, which is connected with the above definition
ofdespair, shows us how the self arises through these various stages, and shows the
stages of despair as well. On the second floor, we become mystics, or Knights of
Infinite Resignation. We are still in despair because we despair ofthe basement and
the first floor, however, we can be fiill, free persons only ifwe live on all the floors
at the same time. This is a sort of paradoxical fourth stage consisting of all three
floors; this is the sphere of true religiousness (religiousness (B)). It is distinguished
from religiousness (A) because we can go back and live on all the floors. It is not that
there are four floors, but in the fourth stage, we live paradoxically on three at once.
Kierkegaard uses this house analogy in order to explain how we become a self
through these stages, and to show the various stages of despair. Consequently, I will
be explaining self-becoming in relation to despair. It will also be necessary to explain
it in relation to faith, for faith is precisely the overcoming of despair. After explaining
the becoming of the self in relation to despair and faith, I will then explain its
temporality and thereby its repetition.
What Kierkegaard calls a formula, Deleuze calls a representation.
Unfortunately, Deleuze does not acknowledge Kierkegaard's formula for repetition.
As we shall see, Kierkegaard clearly gives a formula for despair, faith, and selfbecoming.
When viewed properly, these formulae yield a formula for repetition because when one hasfaith, the basement, firstfloor, and secondfloor become new
as one becomes oneself The self is not bound in the eternity ofthe first floor (ethical)
or the temporality of the basement (aesthete).
I shall now examine the two forms of conscious despair in such a way
as to point out also a rise in the consciousness of the nature of despair
and in the consciousness that one's state is despair, or, what amounts
to the same thing and is the salient point, a rise in the consciousness
of the self The opposite to being in despair is to have faith.
Therefore, the formula set forth above, which describes a state in
which there is not despair at all, is entirely correct, and this formula is
also the formula for faMi in ^elating itself to itself and in willing to be
itself, the self rests transparently in the power that established it.


title: Knowledge and attitudes of Registered Nurses toward pain /

contributor: Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education

subject: Pain Nurses Nursing

abstract:
This research provided relevant data to support pain research literature that finds
nurses do not have the knowledge base that they require to sufficiently provide effective
pain management. The data demonstrated that nurses have mixed attitudes toward pain.
These two findings have been observed in the literature for more than 20 years, but were
important results for the hospitals and the nurses involved in the study. The purposes of
this study were to identify the level of knowledge and attitudes in a sample of nurses
fi-om the surgical and medical units in three hospitals, and determine whether a
difference between these two groups existed. The institutional resources to support pain
relief practices provided by each hospital were also documented.
Data were collected using a convenience sample from the medical and surgical
units of three hospitals. Ofthe 1 13 nurses who volunteered to participate, 78 worked in
surgical units and 35 worked in medical units. Demographic data were collected about
the participants. The established instruments used to obtain data about knowledge and
attitude included: (a) Nurses Knowledge of Pain Issues Survey, (b)Attitude to Pain
Control Scale, and (c) Andrew and Robert Vignette. Data collected were quantitative
along with two open-ended questions for a rich, qualitative section.
Inadequate knowledge and outdated attitudes were very evident in the responses.
Data from the open-ended questions described how nurses assessed pain and the most
conmion problems caring for patients in pain. Nursing practice implications for these
hospitals involve initiating a process to develop an educational pain program for nurses
throughout the hospital. Utilizing findings from other studies, the program should have an interdisciplinary approach to the planning, implementation, evaluation, and ongoing
support. This study supports the belief that inadequate pain management has been
attributed to many factors, most importantly to a lack of knowledge. Pain is a costly,
unnecessary complication for the patient as well as the hospital. It follows then, that it is
in the best interest of all involved to implement an educational pain program in order to
influence practice.


title: Large amplitude motions in the S1 state of formic acid /

subject:
Formic acid.
Carboxylic acids.
Thermodynamics.
Energy levels (Quantum mechanics)
Fluorescence spectroscopy.

abstract:
A detailed theoretical investigation of the large amplitude motions in the S, excited
electronic state of formic acid (HCOOH) was done. This study focussed on the the S, «-
So electronic band system of formic acid (HCOOH). The torsion and wagging large
amplitude motions of the S, were considered in detail. The potential surfaces were
simulated using RHF/UHF ab-initio calculations for the two electronic states. The energy
levels were evaluated by the variational method using free rotor basis functions for the
torsional coordinates and harmonic oscillator basis functions for the wagging coordinates.
The simulated spectrum was compared to the slit-jet-cooled fluorescence
excitation spectrum allowing for the assignment of several vibronic bands.
A rotational analysis of certain bands predicted that the individual bands are a
mixture of rotational a, b and c-type components.The electronically allowed transition
results in the c-type or Franck-Condon band and the electronically forbidden, but
vibronically allowed transition creates the a/b-type or Herzberg-Teller components. The
inversion splitting between these two band types differs for each band. The analysis was
able to predict the ratio of the a, b and c-type components of each band.


title: Learning experience and identity development as a research assistant /

subject:
Brock University. Faculty of Education
Education, Higher

abstract:
What research learning experiences do current students have as research assistants
(RAs) in the Faculty of Education at Brock University? How do the experiences of
research assistants contribute to the formation of a researcher identity and influence
future research plans? Despite the importance of these questions, there seems to be very
little research conducted or written about the experiences of research assistants as they
engage in the research process. There are few resources to which research assistants or
their advisors can refer regarding graduate student research learning experiences.
The purpose of this study was to understand the kinds of learning experiences that
4 RAs (who are enrolled in the Faculty of Education at Brock University, St. Catharines,
Ontario) have and how those experiences contribute to their identities as researchers.
Through interviews with participants, observations of participants, and textual documents
produced by participants, I have (a) discovered what 4 RAs have learned while engaged
in one or more research assistantships and (b) explored how these 4 RAs' experiences
have shaped their identities as new researchers.
My research design provided a separate case study for each participant RA,
including myself as a research participant. Then as a collective, I studied all 4 cases as a
case study in itself in the form of a cross-analysis to identify similarities and differences
between cases. Using a variety of writing forms and visual narratives, I analyzed and
interpreted the experiences of my participants utilizing arts-based literature to inform my
analysis and thesis format. The final presentation includes electronic diagrams, models,
poetry, a newsletter, a website presentation, and other representational arts-based forms.This thesis is a resource for current and future research assistants who can learn
from the research assistant experiences presented in the research. Faculty members who
hire research assistants to assist them with their research will also benefit from reading
about RAs' learning experiences from the RAs' perspective. The information provided in
this thesis document is a resource to inform future policies and research training
initiatives in faculty departments and offices at universities. Consequently, this thesis also
informs researchers (experienced and inexperienced) about how to conduct research in
ways that benefit all parties and provide insight into potential ways to improve research
assistantship practices.


title: Legitimacy in question : elite-mass relations, constitutional reform and Canadian democracy /

subject: Politicians Democracy

abstract:
During the 1980s and 1990s, Canadian political authority orientations underwent a
significant transformation. Canadians are no longer deferential towards their political elites.
Instead, they are autonomous, challenging, and increasingly participatory, and this continuing
trend has brought the procedural legitimacy of the Canadian political process into question.
The following study of elite-mass relations within Canadian democracy attempts to provide
insight into the meaning of this change and how it should be addressed. An attitudinalbehavioural
analysis ofthe electorate presents evidence that popular cynicism and alienation
is rooted more deeply in a dissatisfaction with political institutions and traditions than with
politicians. A structural analysis of the elected political elite reveals the failure of
consociational traditions to provide effective representation as well as the minimal impact
which the aforementioned orientation shift has had upon this elite. An event-decisional
analysis, or case study, ofelite-mass relations in the arena of constitutional politics augments
these complementary profiles and illustrates how the transformed electorate has significantly
restricted the elected political elite's role in constitutional reform. The study concludes that
the lack ofresponsiveness, representativeness, and inclusiveness ofCanada's elected political
elite, political institutions, and political traditions has substantially eroded the procedural
legitimacy of Canadian democracy during the 1980s and 1990s. Remedying these three
deficiencies in the political system, which are the objects of increasing public demand, may
restore legitimacy, but the likelihood that such reforms will be adopted is presently uncertain
in the face of formidable difficulties and obstacles.


title: Leviathan and the seed of religion /

subject:
Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679.
Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679
Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679
Philosophy and religion.


title: Limiting rights, Canadian style : the Supreme Court of Canada, American jurisprudence and section 1 of the Charter /

subject:
Canada.
Canada. Supreme Court.
Constitutional law
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence

abstract:
The addition of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms represented a fundamental
shift in Canadian governance. Many saw the tabling of such a document as a further, even
fmal, step towards the Americanization of the Canadian polity. While the Charter's
presence has significantly altered the relationship between citizens, government and the
courts, it has done so by maintaining the traditional values and experiences that has been
the hallmarks of Canadian constitutionalism. This is in contrast to the fears harboured by
critics suggesting that the Charter was a further Americanization of the Canadian Polity,
notwithstanding the very different natures of the American Bill of Rights and the
Canadian Charter. Analyzing American Supreme Court precedent use by the Canadian
Supreme Court has demonstrated that such an Americanization has not, in fact, occurred.
In the present analysis of American precedent use in section 1 limitation of rights cases,
the citation of these precedents are at best episodic, at least on the quantitative level.
Qualitatively, the Canadian Supreme Court generally uses American jurisprudence to
further support broad definitions of 'great rights' . As for the more intricate details of
rights limitations and the process involved in detennining how Charter rights are limited,
one would be hard pressed to find even cursory references to American case law.


title: The lived experience of women with recurrent ovarian cancer /

subject: Ovaries Cancer

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to understand the Hved experience of 6 women with
recurrent ovarian cancer. Six women were interviewed 2-20 weeks after the recurrence of
their ovarian cancer. Interview questions focused on the meaning of the recurrence and
their communication with others. Women were asked about the information and support
that they felt they needed at that time, van Manen's method of reflection and writing
guided the inquiry. Analysis of the data revealed the themes of: my cancer is back; it
means that I will die; talking about it; we are people, we are not a disease; information;
and life has changed/life hasn't changed. This study revealed the perspectives of these 6
women with recurrent ovarian cancer. It provided an understanding and knowledge about
the lives of these women. Future research should explore the experiences of a larger
group of women with recurrent ovarian cancer in order to address their unique needs.


title: The mechanism of the regulation of energy distribution between photosystems 1 and 2 in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 /

subject: Cyanobacteria. Photosynthesis.

abstract:
Cyanobacteria are able to regulate the distribution of absorbed light energy between
photo systems 1 and 2 in response to light conditions. The mechanism of this regulation (the state
transition) was investigated in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002.
Three cell types were used: the wild type, psaL mutant (deletion of a photo system 1 subunit
thought to be involved in photo system 1 trimerization) and the apcD mutant (a deletion of a
phycobilisome subunit thought to be responsible for energy transfer to photo system 1).
Evidence from 77K fluorescence emission spectroscopy, room temperature fluorescence
and absorption cross-section measurements were used to determine a model of energy
distribution from the phycobilisome and chlorophyll antennas in state 1 and state 2. The data
confirm that in state 1 the phycobilisome is primarily attached to PS2. In state 2, a portion of the
phycobilisome absorbed light energy is redistributed to photo system 1. This energy is directly
transferred to photo system 1 by one of the phycobilisome terminal emitters, the product of the
apcD gene, rather than via the photo system 2 chlorophyll antenna by spillover (energy transfer
between the photo system 2 and photo system 1 chlorophyll antenna). The data also show that
energy absorbed by the photo system 2 chlorophyll antenna is redistributed to photo system 1 in
state 2. This could occur in one of two ways; by spillover or in a way analogous to higher plants
where a segment of the chlorophyll antenna is dissociated from photo system 2 and becomes part
of the photo system 1 antenna.
The presence of energy transfer between neighbouring photo system 2 antennae was
determined at both the phycobilisome and chlorophyll level, in states 1 and 2. Increases in
antenna absorption cross-section with increasing reaction center closure showed that there is
energy transfer (connectivity) between photosystem 2 antennas. No significant difference was
shown in the amount of connectivity under these four conditions.


title: Menstrual status and thermoregulatory responses of active adolescents during exercise in a cold environment

subject:
Menstruation.
Body temperature
Exercise
Teenagers.

abstract:
This study examined the interactions between the reproductive status and the
thermoregulatory responses during exercise in the cold in girls involved in competitive
sports. Four girls with established menstrual cycles comprised the eumenorrheic
menarcheal group (EM) and 5 non-menstruating girls comprised the pre-menarcheal
group (PM). During the first visit maximal oxygen consumption, height, weight and
percent body fat (%BF) were measured. The second visit involved: a determination of
metabolic rate in thermoneutrality (21°C) involving 10-min rest and 20-min cycling (30%
of VCL max), and a cold stress test (5°C, 40% humidity, <0.3 m/s air velocity) involving
20-min rest and 40-min cycling (30% of VCL max.). Subjects in the EM group were
tested twice in the chamber during the follicular and luteal phases. Pre-menarcheal
subjects were found to have significantly (p<0.05) lower core temperatures during the
final stages of cold exposure. Overall, body fat was not significantly correlated with core
temperature in the cold, however there was a significant surface-to-mass ratio difference
between the groups. While in the follicular phase, EM girls had a higher core temperature
during cold exposure. Therefore, reproductive hormonal status seems to be an important
factor in terms of cold tolerance in females during adolescence.


title: Mentorships and co-op placements as a means of heightening the need for a secondary school diploma to the education of at-risk students.--

subject:
High school dropouts
Mentoring in education
Education, Cooperative
Education, Secondary

abstract:
Both educators and politicians appear to be quite
concerned about a dropout rate in Ontario's public schools
of some 30 percent. With the basic understanding that a
high dropout rate is costly both in economic terms and in
human terms, something quite obviously needs to be done to
reduce the dropout rate in Ontario schools and, in doing so,
ensuring Ontario and its graduates an active role in a
growing global economy.
This study is an exploratory pilot study in that it
examined mentoring and the role that mentoring can play in
assisting a student in staying in school and graduating from
secondary school. Also incorporated in this is co-operative
education and the role it can play, through mentoring, in
making students aware of lifestyle level of employment, and
of the skills necessary to obtain gainful, meaningful
employment.
In order to gain information on student attitudes,
needs and expectations of a mentoring situation, a series of
three questionnaires was used. Also, a questionnaire was
distributed to the various co-operative education employers.
The intent of this questionnaire was to probe the attitudes,
needs and expectations of a mentoring situation from the
perspective of an employer.
The findings of this study indicated that co-operative
education and mentoring are a very valuable and useful
component in education. There exist certain factors in a co-operative education setting that serve to enhance and to
augment the traditional or "theoretical" setting of the
classroom. In addition, a mentoring situation tends to add
a sense of relevance to education that students seem to
require. Also, an opportunity is offered that allows a
student to practice and further refine the skills that have
been taught over the course of the student's academic life.
Results from this study suggested that a mentoring
situation, occurring through a co-operative education
situation, adds relevance and a sense of "application" to
the traditional or classroom schooling situation.
The whole idea of mentoring bodes well for the future
of education and of the student. Many advantages are
identified in a mentoring situation. One of the advantages
is that the schools are able to work quite closely with the
community and business in order to stay current and informed
on the needs and expected needs of the business community.
Co-operative education has now gone beyond being an
"experimental" mode of education. All students can benefit
from being involved in the program. Certainly at-risk
students are aided with staying in school. Those students
who are said to be not at-risk can also benefit from being
enrolled in the program by gaining hands-on work experience
and some of the necessary skills to ensure a place in a
growing world economy.


title: Microfacies analysis of the lower paleocene beda formation in Western Concession 59 and Block 59F, Sirte Basin, Libya /

subject:
Geology
Geology, Stratigraphic
Rocks, Carbonate

abstract:
The rock sequence of the Tertiary Beda Formation of S. W.
concession 59 and 59F block in Sirte Basin of Libya has been
subdivided into twelve platformal carbonate microfacies. These
microfacies are dominated by muddy carbonates, such as skeletal
mudstones, wackestones, and packstones with dolomites and
anhydrite. Rock textures, faunal assemblages and sedimentary
structures suggest shallow, clear, warm waters and low to
moderate energy conditions within the depositional shelf
environment. The Beda Formation represents a shallowing-upward
sequence typical of lagoonal and tidal flat environments marked
at the top by sabkha and brackish-water sediments. Microfossils
include benthonic foraminifera, such as miliolids, Nummulites,
- oerculina and other smaller benthonics, in addition to
dasycladacean algae, ostracods, molluscs, echinoderms, bryozoans
and charophytes. Fecal pellets and pelloids, along with the
biotic allochems, contributed greatly to the composition of the
various microfacies. Dolomite, where present, is finely
crystalline and an early replacement product. Anhydrite occurs
as nodular, chickenwire and massive textures indicating
supratidal sabkha deposition.
Compaction, micr it
i
zat ion , dolomit izat ion ,
recrystallization, cementation, and dissolution resulted in
alteration and obliteration of primary sedimentary structures of
the Beda Formation microfacies.
The study area is located in the Gerad Trough which
developed as a NE-SW trending extensional graben. The Gerad trough was characterized by deep-shallow water conditions
throughout the deposition of the Beda Formation sediments. The
study area is marked by several horsts and grabens; as a result
of extent ional tectonism. The area was tectonically active
throughout the Tertiary period.
Primary porosity is intergranular and intragranular, and
secondary processes are characterized by dissolution,
intercrystalline, fracture and fenestral features. Diagenesis,
through solution leaching and dolomitization, contributed
greatly to porosity development. Reservoir traps of the Beda
Formation are characterized by normal fault blocks and the
general reservoir characteristics/properties appear to be facies
controlled.


title: The Midnight express phenomenon : a historical materialist approach to the reception of the film Midnight express /

subject:
Midnight express (Motion picture)
Historical materialism.
Popular culture.

abstract:
This thesis examines the Midnight Express phenomenon focusing on the film's
reception by audiences in Europe, North America, and Turkey between 1978-2003. Using
and enhancing the "historical materialist approach" to film reception developed by Janet
Staiger, the thesis considers the historical determinants of the film's nationally and
culturally differential readings in different periods and of the transformations in those
readings.
The thesis argues that while Midnight Express was most likely read in the late
1970s as an attempt to reaffirm American social identity by projecting Turks as an
instance of the negative Other, there has been an important shift in the reception of the
film in the West during the 1990s due to the changes in the discursive contexts in which
the film has been circulating. One does not observe any specific reference to Turkish
prisons as a part of the issue of human rights violations in Turkey in the initial reception
of the film by European and American critics, whereas these issues appear to be
important constituents of a particular reception of the film in the West in the present. The
thesis explains this shift by pointing to the constitution of a particular discourse on human
rights violations in Turkey after 1980, and especially throughout the 1990s, which has
become a part of the discursive repertoires of the Western audience. Therefore, the thesis
argues that today, Midnight Express functions as a more legitimate political statement
about Turkey in the eyes of some Western audiences than it had been in the 1970s. On
the other hand, parallel to the increasing desire of Turkey to connect itself to the West,
particularly to become a member of the European Union, one observes an immense
increase in the belief in and defense against the negative effects of Midnight Express on
Turkey's international representation since the 1990s. The historical and current
discourses that audiences, both in Turkey and abroad, bring into play suggest that these
audiences engage with Midnight Express by assuming or denying not only the subject
positions constructed by the film text but also certain history-specific extra-filmic subject
positions produced by other social and discursive formations.


title: Moderating effects of gender and general self-efficacy on the relationship between sensation-seeking and adolescent substance use /

subject:
Teenagers
Sensation seeking.
Self-efficacy.
Sex differences.

abstract:
This study performed a aecondvy dau analysis of information collected during
the Youth Leisure Study (YLS). The purpose of this study was to examine the potential
moderating influences of gender and general self-efTicacy on the relationships aoKXig
sensation-seeking and various forms of substance use in adolescents. Specifically, the
predictive ability of sensation seeking on five adolescents substance use outcomes
(alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use; binge drinking; and number of times drunk) was
examined.
Moderated hierarchical multiple regression (MHMR) analyses were used to
examine the relationships among study variables. The results for this study indicate that
the relationships among sensation-seeking and forms of adolescent substance use are
more complex than literature suggests. Main effect relationships were found consistently
for sensation-seeking and general self-efficacy with each of the outcome variables.
Results for gender were not consistent across the substance use outcomes. Gender was a
significant predictor for marijuana use only.
The moderating effects of general self-efficacy (GSE) on the sensation-seekingsubstance
use relationship were inconsistent. While no significant interactions were
found for tobacco or alcohol use outcomes, GSE was found to moderate the relationship
between sensation-seeking and marijuana use indicating that feelings of high general selfefficacy
act as a buffer or guard against marijuana use.
A consistent pattern was found among the alcohol use variables (alcohol use.
binge drinking, and number of times drunk). Gender was found to moderate each of
these variables indicating that higher levels of sensation seeking are more predictive of
higher levels of adolescent alcohol use in males only.
Implications of this study on the field of education, are discussed further, and
suggestions for future research are presented.


title: Moderating effects of gender on the relationships among substance use and school outcomes /

subject:
Substance abuse
Substance abuse

abstract:
The following study was a secondary analysis of data drawn from adolescents in
South Western Ontario. The purpose of the study was to: examine the relationships
among substance use and school outcomes, explore the relationships between gender and
school outcomes, examine the moderating potential of gender on the substance useschool
outcomes relationship, and to provide researchers and educators further knowledge
of adolescent substance use behaviours. Many previous studies have failed to include the
three most common substances used by adolescents (i.e., alcohol, tobacco, and
marijuana). Furthermore, many studies have included only one school outcome instead
of comparing several outcome variables.
Moderated hierarchical regression was used to determine if gender moderated the
substance use-school outcomes relationships. The dependent variables consisted of
alcohol use, binge drinking, tobacco use, and marijuana use. Five measure of school
outcomes were used as independent variables, including Grade Point Average, Positive
School-role Behaviour, Negative School Behaviour, School Withdrawal, and School
Misbehaviour.
The results for this study indicated that substance use and gender were both
predictors of all school outcome variables. Furthermore, gender was found to moderate 5
of the 25 substance use-school outcome relationships.


title: Modernizing human resource management : the importance of values-based leadership in the Canadian federal public service /

subject: Civil service reform

subject: Civil service

subject: Employee-management relations in government

subject: Leadership.

abstract:
Over the past several decades, many theories have been advanced as to why efforts to
reform the public service have met with only limited success. Clearly, the role of leadership with
respect to reform must be examined, since successful organizational leaders should be extremely
accomplished in the promotion and protection of the values that underlie decision-making. The
issue of effective leadership is particularly significant for the future of the public service of
Canada. Large numbers of public servants in the executive ranks are due to retire within the next
five years. Given their central role, it is vital that there be enough dedicated and committed
public servants to staff future vacancies. It is also essential that future public service leaders
possess the competencies and values associated with a world-class public service and, a new type
of public organization.
Related to this point is the importance of people-management skills. People management
in the public service is an issue that has historically faced - and will continue to face - major
challenges with respect to recruiting and retaining the leaders it requires for its continued
success. It is imperative that the public service not only be revitalized and be seen as an
employer of choice, but also that the process by which it accomplishes this goal - the practice
of human resource management - be modernized. To achieve the flexibility needed to remain
effective, the public service requires the kind ofleadership that supports new public service
values such as innovation and which emphasizes a "people- first" approach.
This thesis examines the kind of public service leadership needed to modernize the
human resource management regime in the federal public service. A historical examination of
public service values is presented to help determine the values that are important for public
service leaders with respect to modernizing human resource management. Since replenishing the

2
ranks of public service leaders is crucial to ensure the quality of service to Canadians, leadership
that supports career planning will be a major focus of this paper. In addition, this thesis
demonstrates that while traditional public service values continue to endure, innovative leaders
must effectively reconcile new public service values with traditional values in order to increase
the possibilities for successful reform as well as achieve business objectives.
Much of the thesis is devoted to explaining the crucial role of post-bureaucratic
leadership to successful reform. One of the major findings of the thesis is that leaders who
demonstrate a blending of new public service values and traditional values are critical to creating
effective employment relationships, which are key to modernizing human resource management
in the federal public service. It will be apparent that public service leaders must ensure that an
appropriate accountability framework is in place before embarking on reform. However, leaders
who support new public service values such as innovation and empowerment and who emphasize
the importance of people are essential to successful reform.


title: Motivational model of problem drinking for men and women /

subject:
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Women
Men

abstract:
This thesis tested a path model of the relationships of reasons for drinking and
reasons for limiting drinking with consumption of alcohol and drinking problems. It was
hypothesized that reasons for drinking would be composed of positively and negatively
reinforcing reasons, and that reasons for limiting drinking would be composed of
personal and social reasons. Problem drinking was operationalized as consisting of two
factors, consumption and drinking problems, with a positive relationship between the
two. It was predicted that positively and negatively reinforcing reasons for drinking
would be associated with heavier consumption and, in turn, more drinking problems,
through level of consumption. Negatively reinforcing reasons were also predicted to be
associated with drinking problems directly, independent of level of consumption. It was
hypothesized that reasons for limiting drinking would be associated with lower levels of
consumption and would be related to fewer drinking problems, through level of
consumption. Finally, among women, reasons for limiting drinking were expected to be
associated with drinking problems directly, independent of level of consumption. The
sample, was taken from the second phase of the Niagara Young Aduh Health Study, a
community sample of young adult men and women. Measurement models of reasons for
drinking, reasons for limiting drinking, and problem drinking were tested using
Confirmatory Factor Analysis. After adequate fit of each measurement model was
obtained, the complete structural model, with all hypothesized paths, was tested for
goodness of fit. Cross-group equality constraints were imposed on all models to test for
gender differences. The results provided evidence supporting the hypothesized structure
of reasons for drinking and problem drinking. A single factor model of reasons for

limiting drinking was used in the analyses because a two-factor model was inadequate.
Support was obtained for the structural model. For example, the resuhs revealed
independent influences of Positively Reinforcing Reasons for Drinking, Negatively
Reinforcing Reasons for Drinking, and Reasons for Limiting Drinking on consumption.
In addition. Negatively Reinforcing Reasons helped to account for Drinking Problems
independent of the amount of alcohol consumed. Although an additional path from
Reasons for Limiting Drinking to Drinking Problems was hypothesized for women, it
was of marginal significance and did not improve the model's fit. As a result, no sex
differences in the model were found. This may be a result of the convergence of drinking
patterns for men and women. Furthermore, it is suggested that gender differences may
only be found in clinical samples of problem drinkers, where the relative level of
consumption for women and men is similar.


title: The nature of bullying among secondary school students /

subject:
Bullying.
High school students.
Aggressiveness in adolescence.
Abused teenagers.

abstract:
The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence and effect
of bullying in a secondary school. Six hundred and fifty-nine student volunteers
completed a survey which included a quantitative component of 40 questions and
3 questions which required a written response.
The results suggest that approximately 1 student in 10 was involved in
a bullying situation either as a bully or a victim. As age increased, physical
bullying decreased whereas psychological remained high in the senior years of
high school. Boys were involved more in bullying than girls, especially in the
junior years. The effects of bullying could be devastating to the point of school
avoidance or early school leaving. The results also indicate that much of the
bullying was not being reported.
The implication for the education system is that more needs to be done to
prevent bullying, to encourage the reporting of bullying, and to deal with the
aftermath of a bullying situation.


title: The neo-liberal state and the crisis of public service broadcasting in the Anglo-American democracies /

subject:
Public broadcasting.
Liberalism.

abstract:
The NeO'liberal State and the Crisis ofPublic Service Broadcasting in the Anglo-American
Democracies
The purpose ofthis analysis ofthe present condition ofpublic service broadcasting in the Anglo-
American democracies was to investigate whether such media can still be regarded as the primarypublic
spherefor a dialogue between each nation 's civil society and the State. The motivationfor this thesis was
based on a presumption that such fora for public discussion on the central issues of each society have
become viewed as less relevant bypoliticians andpolicy-makers and thepublics they were intended to serve
in the Anglo-American democracies over thepast two decades. It is speculated that this is the case because
ofa beliefthat the post-war consensus between the respective States andpublics that led to the construction
of the Keynesian Welfare State and the notion ofpublic service broadcasting has been displaced by an
individualistic, neo-liberal, laissez-faire ideology. In other words, broadcasting as a consumer-oriented,
commercial commodity has superseded concerns pertaining to the importance ofthe public interest.
The methodology employed in this thesis is a comparative analysisfrom a criticalpolitical economy
perspective. It was considered appropriate to focus on the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the\
United States because they comprise the four largest Anglo-American nations with democratic political
systems andprimarily market economies. Justificationfor this particular sample is reinforced by thefact
that case study countries also share a common socio-political and economic tradition. The evidence
assembledfor this thesis consisted almost exclusively ofexisting literature on the subjects ofpublic service
broadcasting, global economic andpolitical integration, and the ascendance ofthe 'free-market ' ethos in
Western democracies since the late mid- to late-1970s. In essence, this thesis could be considered as a reinterpretation
ofthe existing literature relevant to these issues.
Several important common features werefound among the political, economic and broadcasting
systems of the four case study nations. It is proposed that the prevalence of the neo-liberal world view
throughout the political and policy environments of the four countries has undermined the stability and
credibility of each nation 's national public service broadcasting organization, although with varying
intensity and effect,. Deregulation ofeach nation 's broadcasting system and the supremacy ofthe notion
of 'consumer sovereignty' have marginalized the view of broadcasting on any basis other than strictly
economic criteria in thefour case study countries.
This thesis concludes that,for a reconstruction ofa trulyparticipatory anddemocraticpublicsphere
to be realized in the present as well as thefuture, a reassessment ofthe conventional concept ofthe 'public
sphere ' is necessary. Therefore, it is recommended that thefocus ofpolicy-makers in each Anglo-American
democracy be redirectedfrom that which conceived ofan all-encompassing, large, state-ownedand operated
public broadcasting service toward a view which considers alternativeforms ofpublic communication, such
as local community and ethnic broadcasting operations, that are likely to be more responsive to the needs
of the increasingly diverse and heterogeneous populations that comprise the modem Anglo-American
democracies. The traditional conception of public broadcasters must change in accordance with its
contemporary environment if the fundamental principles of the public sphere and public service
broadcasting are to be realized.


title: Nietzsche's eternal recurrence of the same : the effect of logic abridgement, contradictions and inconsistencies

subject: Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 1844-1900.

subject: Eternal return.

abstract:
I will argue that the doctrine of eternal recurrence of the same no better
interprets cosmology than pink elephants interpret zoology. I will also argue that the
eternal-reiurn-of-the-same doctrine as what Magnus calls "existential imperative" is
without possibility of application and thus futile.
To facilitate those arguments, the validity of the doctrine of the eternal
recurrence of the same will be tested under distinct rubrics. Although each rubric will
stand alone, one per chapter, as an evaluation of some specific aspect of eternal
recurrence, the rubric sequence has been selected to accommodate the identification of
what I shall be calling logic abridgments.
The conclusions to be extracted from each rubric are grouped under the heading
CONCLUSION and appear immediately following rubric ten. Then, or if, at the end of
a rubric a reader is inclined to wonder which rubric or topic is next, and why, the
answer can be found at the top of the following page. The question is usually answered
in the very first sentence, but always answered in the first paragraph.
The first rubric has been placed in order by chronological entitlement in that it
deals with the evolution of the idea of eternal recurrence from the time of the ancient
Greeks to Nietzsche's August, 1881 inspiration. This much-recommended technique is
also known as starting at the beginning. Rubric 1 also deals with 20th. Century
philosophers' assessments of the relationship between Nietzsche and ancient Greek
thought. The only experience of E-R, Zarathustra's mountain vision, is second only
because it sets the scene alluded to in following rubrics. The third rubric explores
.ii?.ih T
jc,i -I'w
Nietzsche's evaluation of rationality so that his thought processes will be understood
appropriately. The actual mechanism of E-R is tested in rubric four...The scientific
proof Nietzsche assembled in support of E-R is assessed by contemporary philosophers
in rubric five. E-R's function as an ethical imperative is debated in rubrics six and
seven.. .The extent to which E-R fulfills its purpose in overcoming nihilism is measured
against the comfort assured by major world religions in rubric eight. Whether E-R also
serves as a redemption for revenge is questioned in rubric nine. Rubric ten assures that
E-R refers to return of the identically same and not merely the similar.
In addition to assemblage and evaluation of all ten rubrics, at the end of each
rubric a brief recapitulation of its principal points concludes the chapter.
In this essay I will assess the theoretical conditions under which the doctrine
cannot be applicable and will show what contradictions and inconsistencies follow if the
doctrine is taken to be operable.
Harold Alderman in his book Nietzsche's Gift wrote, the "doctrine of eternal
recurrence gives us a problem not in Platonic cosmology, but in Socratic selfreflection."
^ I will illustrate that the recurrence doctrine's cosmogony is unworkable
and that if it were workable, it would negate self-reflection on the grounds that selfreflection
cannot find its cause in eternal recurrence of the same. Thus, when the
cosmology is shown to be impossible, any expected ensuing results or benefits will be
rendered also impossible. The so-called "heaviest burden" will be exposed as complex,
engrossing "what if speculations deserving no linkings to reality. To identify
^Alderman p. 84

abridgments of logic, contradictions and inconsistencies in Nietzsche's doctrine of
eternal recurrence of the same, I. will examine the subject under the following schedule.
In Chapter 1 the ancient origins of recurrence theories will be introduced. ..This
chapter is intended to establish the boundaries within which the subsequent chapters,
except Chapter 10, will be confined.
Chapter 2, Zarathustra's vision of E-R, assesses the sections of Thus Spoke
Zarathustra in which the phenomenon of recurrence of the same is reported. ..Nihilism
as a psychological difficulty is introduced in this rubric, but that subject will be studied
in detail in Chapter 8. In Chapter 2 the symbols of eternal recurrence of the same will
be considered. Whether the recurrence image should be of a closed ring or as a coil
will be of significance in many sections of my essay. I will argue that neither symbolic
configuration can accommodate Nietzsche's supposed intention.
Chapter 3 defends the description of E-R given by Zarathustra.
Chapter 4, the cosmological mechanics of E-R, speculates on the seriousness
with which Nietzsche might have intended the doctrine of eternal recurrence to be
taken. My essay reports, and then assesses, the argument of those who suppose the
doctrine to have been merely exploratory musings by Nietzsche on cosmological
hypotheses...The cosmogony of E-R is examined.
In Chapter 5, cosmological proofs tested, the proofs for Nietzsche's doctrine of
return of the same are evaluated. This chapter features the position taken by Martin '
Heidegger. My essay suggests that while Heidegger's argument that recurrence of the
same is a genuine cosmic agenda is admirable, it is not at all persuasive.

Chapter 6, E-R is an ethical imperative, is in essence the reporting of a debate
between two scholars regarding the possibility of an imperative in the doctrine of
recurrence. Their debate polarizes the arguments I intend to develop.
Chapter 7, does E-R of the same preclude alteration of attitudes, is a
continuation of the debate presented in Chapter 6 with the focus shifted to the
psychological from the cosmological aspects of eternal recurrence of the same.
Chapter 8, Can E-R Overcome Nihilism?, is divided into two parts. In the first,
nihilism as it applies to Nietzsche's theory is discussed. ..In part 2, the broader
consequences, sources and definitions of nihilism are outlined. My essay argues that
Nietzsche's doctrine is more nihilistic than are the world's major religions.
Chapter 9, Is E-R a redemption for revenge?, examines the suggestion extracted
from Thus Spoke Zarathustra that the doctrine of eternal recurrence is intended, among
other purposes, as a redemption for mankind from the destructiveness of revenge.
Chapter 10, E-R of the similar refuted, analyses a position that an element of
chance can influence the doctrine of recurrence. This view appears to allow, not for
recurrence of the same, but recurrence of the similar.
A summary will recount briefly the various significant logic abridgments,
contradictions, and inconsistencies associated with Nietzsche's doctrine of eternal
recurrence of the same.
In the 'conclusion' section of my essay my own opinions and observations will
be assembled from the body of the essay.


title: Our future in geriatrics : an examination of the knowledge, attitudes and career choices of physical therapy students in Ontario : a pretest-posttest study /

subject:
Geriatrics
Physical therapy for older people
Physical therapists

abstract:
There continues to be a shortage of health professionals interested in
providing care for the older adult. Part of the problem seems to stem from the
negative perceptions of geriatrics as a clinical speciality. This study examines
the knowledge, attitudes and career decisions of physical therapy students in
Ontario before and after an educational intervention.
Surveys were conducted with 144 physical therapy students from five
universities before and after their geriatrics course in order to measure their
knowledge, attitudes and interest in working with older adults. The incoming
class of physical therapy students (n = 1 86) acted as control subjects for the
study. The Revised Palmore Facts On Aging Quiz measured the students'
knowledge of aging (Miller & Dodder, 1980). The Revised Tuckman-Lorge
(Axelrod & Eisdorfer, 1961) and the Kogan Old People Scales (Kogan, 1961)
were used to examine attitude. An environmental scale was developed based
on the work of Snape (1986) to measure the impact of the working conditions
on the students' career choices. A 10-point Likert-type scale based on the work
of Michlelutte & Diseker (1985) was modified and used to measure career
interest in working with the elderly.
On independent sample t-tests, positive attitudes were related to the
demographic characteristic of gender; ethnicity was negatively related; and
marital status was found to be unrelated to attitude (fi<.05). Having a
relationship with an older adult and taking courses in gerontology were also found to be positively related to attitude (fi<.05). Results on a betweensubjects
design which compared students before and after the course found
that knowledge scores improved from pretest to posttest (fi<.05). In general,
attitude scores improved from T1 to T2 on both measurement tools (b<.05).
The environmental and vocational interest scales yielded statistically significant
differences between the control and experimental groups during the
intervention period (p<.05). The results of this research indicated that
knowledge and attitudes improve after an educational intervention; however,
there was little impact on the students' overall career decisions. Further
research is indicated to examine the complex relationship between attitude and
behaviour and its impact on students' career choices. In addition, the impact of
geriatric clinical environment on students' attitudes and career decisions needs
to be further explored.


title: Overcoming victim behaviour through physical education

subject:
Abused children
Abused children
Physical education for children.

abstract:
This study presents infonnation gathered during personal interviews in which
participants were asked how they, as physical educators, might possibly assist the victim
of bullying through their programs. The research is a qualitative study, using an
inductive approach. Five participants were chosen, based on convenience sampling, with
semi-structured interviews which were audio recorded. The theoretical research found
that the most stable characteristics of victimized boys were lack of strength and lack of
physical fitness. This suggested that Physical Education class might be the best place in
which to empower victimized students to reduce their own victimization by addressing
these areas of strength and fitness. From the interviews it became clear that, while these
educators showed a willingness to help bullying victims through their programs, their
adherence to a Physical Education model based primarily on elitism, as opposed to
individual fitness, would make it difficult for them to do so effectively.


title: Parental goals among Italian-Canadian and Anglo-Canadian families : their connection to socialization practices and the quality of parent-young adult relationship /

subject:
Italians
English
Parent and teenager
Parent and adult child
Parenting

abstract:
Parenting goals are the behavioral, cognitive, and affective outcomes that parents
implicitly or explicitly strive to achieve during specific interactions with their children. In
the present study, intergenerational parenting practices and goals in Italian-Canadian and
Anglo-Canadian families were examined. The association between parenting goals,
parents' socialization practices, and the quality of relationship between parent and child
were investigated. Participants included individuals ranging in age from 1 8-26 years and
their mothers from Anglo-Canadian (n= 31) and Italian-Canadian families (n= 50). The
young adults and their mothers were asked to imagine how their respective parents would
have reacted to five hypothetical vignettes depicting difficult parent-child interactions.
Young adults and their mothers were also asked to rate the importance of parenting goals
within these parent-child situations. In addition, young adults assessed the perceived
quality of their present relationships with each parent. Cultural differences were revealed
such that Italian-Canadian parents endorsed more authoritarian parenting strategies and
relationship-centered goals than Anglo-Canadian parents. However, Italian-Canadian and
Anglo-Canadian parents were not found to differ on their endorsement of parent-centered
goals. Italian-Canadian parents' who did use authoritarian strategies were found to have
young-adult children who perceived their relationship with their parents as less satisfying,
intimate, affectionate and having relatively high levels of conflict than parents who did
not use authoritarian strategies. Anglo-Canadian parents' authoritative strategies were
correlated with a better perceived relationship quality by young-adult children.


title: Partnerships and public service values /

subject:
Civil service reform
Joint ventures
Contracting out
Administrative agencies
Civil service


title: Perceived effectiveness of alternative programming : a case study /

subject: Alternative education

abstract:
The topic of this research was alternative programming in secondary public
education. The purpose of this research was to explore the perceived effectiveness
of two public secondary programs that are aJternative to mainstream or "regular"
education. Two case study sites were used to research diverse ends of the
aJtemative programming continuum. The first case study demonstrated a gifted
program and the second demonstrated a behavioral program. Student needs were
examined in terms of academic needs, emotional needs, career needs, and social
needs. Research conducted in these sites examined how the students, teachers, onsite
staff, and program administrators perceived that individual needs were met
and unmet in these two programs. The study was qualitative and exploratory,
using deductive and inductive research techniques. Similar themes of best practice
that were identified in the case study sites aided in the development of a teaching
and learning model. Four themes were identified as important within the case
study sites. These themes included the commitment and motivation of teachers
and the support of administration in the gifted program, and the importance of
location and the flow of information and communication in the behavior program.
Six themes emerged that were similar across the case study sites. These themes
included the individual nature of programming, recognition of student
achievement, the alternative program as a place of safety and community,
importance of interpersonal capacity, priority of basic needs, and, finally,
matching student capacity with program expectations. The model incorporates these themes and is designed as a resource for teachers, program administrators,
parents, and policy makers of alternative educational programs.


title: Perceived learning needs in staff development of some care providers in five long-term care settings in Southern Ontario /

subject: Long-term care facilities

abstract:
This exploratory descriptive study described what 20 care providers in 5 long-term care
facilities perceived to aid or hinder their learning in a work-sponsored learning
experience. A Critical Incident Technique (Woolsey, 1986) was the catalyst for the
interviews with the culturally and professionally diverse participants.
Through data analysis, as described by Moustakas (1994), I found that (a)
humour, (b) the learning environment, (c) specific characteristics of the presenter such as
moderate pacing, speaking slowly and with simple words, (d) decision-making authority,
(e) relevance to practice, and (f) practical applications best met the study participants'
learning needs. Conversely, other factors could hinder learning based on the participants'
perceptions. These were: (a) other presenter characteristics such as a program that was
delivered quickly or spoken at a level above the participants' comprehension, (b) no
perceived relevance to practice, (c), other environmental situations, and (d) the timing of
the learning session.
One of my intentions was to identify the emic view among cultural groups and
professional/vocational affiliations. A surprising finding of this study was that neither
impacted noticeably on the perceived learning needs of the participants. Further research
with a revised research design to facilitate inclusion of more diverse participants will aid
in determining if the lack of a difference was unique to this sample or more generalizable
on a case-to-case transfer basis to the study population.


title: Perceptions of some teachers about the similarities and/or differences in teaching online versus in a classroom environment /

subject:
Internet in education.
Telecommunication in education.
Computer-assisted instruction.

abstract:
The introduction of computer and communications technology, and particularly
the internet, into education has opened up some new possibilities for teaching and
learning. Courses designed and delivered in an online environment offer the possibility
of highly interactive and individually focussed teaching and learning experiences.
However, online courses also present new challenges for both teachers and students.
A qualitative study was conducted to explore teachers' perceptions about the
similarities and differences in teaching in the online and face-to-face (F2F) environments.
Focus group discussions were held with 5 teachers; 2 teachers were interviewed in depth.
The participants, 3 female and 2 male, were full-time teachers from a large College of
Applied Arts & Technology in southern Ontario. Each of them had over 10 years of F2F
teaching experience and each had been involved in the development and teaching of at
least one online course. i - -;
The study focussed on how teaching in the online environment compares with
teaching in the F2F environment, what roles teachers and students adopt in each setting,
what learning communities mean online and F2F and how they are developed, and how
institutional policies, procedures, and infrastructure affect teaching and learning F2F and
online. This study was emic in nature, that is the teachers' words determine the themes
identified throughout the study.
The factors identified as affecting teaching in an online environment included
teacher issues such as course design, motivation to teach online, teaching style, role,
characteristics or skills, and strategies. Student issues as perceived by the teachers included learning styles, role, and characteristics or skills. As well, technology issues
such as a reliable infrastructure, clear role and responsibilities for maintaining the
infrastructure, support, and multimedia capability affected teaching online. Finally,
administrative policies and procedures, including teacher selection and training,
registration and scheduling procedures, intellectual property and workload policies, and
the development and communication of a comprehensive strategic plan were found to
impact on teaching online.
The teachers shared some of the benefits they perceived about teaching online as
well as some of the challenges they had faced and challenges they perceived students had
faced online. Overall, the teachers feh that there were more similarities than differences
in teaching between the two environments, with the main differences being the change
from F2F verbal interactions involving body language to online written interactions
without body language cues, and the fundamental reliance on technology in the online
environment. These findings support previous research in online teaching and learning,
and add teachers' perspectives on the factors that stay the same and the factors that
change when moving from a F2F environment to an online environment.


title: Physiological reactivity and the perception of emotional stimuli as they relate to social adaptive functioning after traumatic brain injury / y Melonie Jane Hopkins.

subject:
Brain
Brain damage
Neuropsychiatry.

abstract:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often affects social adaptive functioning and
these changes in social adaptability are usually associated with general damage to the
frontal cortex. Recent evidence suggests that certain neurons within the orbitofrontal
cortex appear to be specialized for the processing of faces and facial expressions. The
orbitofrontal cortex also appears to be involved in self-initiated somatic activation to
emotionally-charged stimuli. According to Somatic Marker Theory (Damasio, 1994),
the reduced physiological activation fails to provide an individual with appropriate
somatic cues to personally-relevant stimuli and this, in turn, may result in maladaptive
behaviour. Given the susceptibility of the orbitofrontal cortex in TBI, it was
hypothesized that impaired perception and reactivity to socially-relevant information
might be responsible for some of the social difficulties encountered after TBL
Fifteen persons who sustained a moderate to severe brain injury were
compared to age and education matched Control participants. In the first study, both
groups were presented with photographs of models displaying the major emotions and
either asked to identify the emotions or simply view the faces passively. In a second
study, participants were asked to select cards from decks that varied in terms of how
much money could be won or lost. Those decks with higher losses were considered
to be high-risk decks. Electrodermal activity was measured concurrently in both
situations.
Relative to Controls, TBI participants were found to have difficulty
identifying expressions of surprise, sadness, anger, and fear. TBI persons were also
found to be under-reactive, as measured by electrodermal activity, while passively
viewing slides of negative expressions. No group difference,in reactivity to high-risk
card decks was observed.
The ability to identify emotions in the face and electrodermal reactivity to
faces and to high-risk decks in the card game were examined in relationship to social monitoring and empathy as described by family members or friends on the Brock
Adaptive Functioning Questionnaire (BAFQ). Difficulties identifying negative
expressions (i.e., sadness, anger, fear, and disgust) predicted problems in monitoring
social situations. As well, a modest relationship was observed between hypo-arousal
to negative faces and problems with social monitoring. Finally, hypo-arousal in the
anticipation of risk during the card game related to problems in empathy.
In summary, these data are consistent with the view that alterations in the
ability to perceive emotional expressions in the face and the disruption in arousal to
personally-relevant information may be accounting for some of the difficulties in
social adaptation often observed in persons who have sustained a TBI. Furthermore,
these data provide modest support for Damasio's Somatic Marker Theory in that
physiological reactivity to socially-relevant information has some value in predicting
social function. Therefore, the assessment of TBI persons, particularly those with
adaptive behavioural problems, should be expanded to determine whether alterations
in perception and reactivity to socially-relevant stimuli have occurred. When this is
the case, rehabilitative strategies aimed more specifically at these difficulties should
be considered.


title: Plato and Levinas : the problem of justice

subject:
Plato
Lévinas, Emmanuel
Justice (Philosophy)


title: Predictors of academic achievement and social competence in adolescence : facilitation, inhibition and general cognitive processing /

subject:
Academic achievement.
Social skills in children.
Cognition in children.

abstract:
The relevance of attentional measures to cognitive and social adaptive behaviour
was examined in an adolescent sample. Unlike previous research, the influence of both
inhibitory and facilitory aspects of attention were studied. In addition, contributions made
by these attentional processes were compared with traditional psychometric measures of
cognitive functioning.
Data were gathered from 36 grade 10 and 1 1 high school students (20 male and 16
female students) with a variety of learning and attentional difficulties. Data collection was
conducted in the course of two testing sessions. In the first session, students completed
questionnaires regarding their medical history, and everyday behaviours (the Brock
Adaptive Functioning Questionnaire), along with non-verbal problem solving tasks and
motor speed tasks. In the second session, students performed working memory measures
and computer-administered tasks assessing inhibitory and facilitory aspects of attention.
Grades and teacher-rated measures of cognitive and social impulsivity were also gathered.
Results indicate that attentional control has both cognitive and social/emotional
implications. Performance on negative priming and facilitation trials from the Flanker task
predicted grades in core courses, social functioning measures, and cognitive and social
impulsivity ratings. However, beneficial effects for academic and social functioning
associated with inhibition were less prevalent in those demonstrating a greater ability to
respond to facilitory cues. There was also some evidence that high levels of facilitation
were less beneficial to academic performance, and female students were more likely to
exceed optimal levels of facilitory processing. Furthermore, lower negative priming was
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Inhibition, Facilitation and Social Competence 3
associated with classroom-rated distraction and hyperactivity, but the relationship between
inhibition and social aspects of impulsivity was stronger for adolescents with learning or
reading problems, and the relationship between inhibition and cognitive impulsivity was
stronger for male students. In most cases, attentional measures were predictive of
performance outcomes independent of traditional psychometric measures of cognitive
functioning. >,,
These findings provide support for neuropsychological models linking inhibition to
control of interference and arousal, and emphasize the fundamental role of attention in
everyday adolescent activities. The findings also warrant further investigation into the
ways which inhibitory and facilitory attentional processes interact, and the contextdependent
nature of attentional control.associated with classroom-rated distraction and hyperactivity, but the relationship between
inhibition and social aspects of impulsivity was stronger for adolescents with learning or
reading problems, and the relationship between inhibition and cognitive impulsivity was
stronger for male students. In most cases, attentional measures were predictive of
performance outcomes independent of traditional psychometric measures of cognitive
functioning. >,,
These findings provide support for neuropsychological models linking inhibition to
control of interference and arousal, and emphasize the fundamental role of attention in
everyday adolescent activities. The findings also warrant further investigation into the
ways which inhibitory and facilitory attentional processes interact, and the contextdependent
nature of attentional control.


title: Preparing students for the transition from college to work /

subject:
School-to-work transition.
College graduates
Career education.

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived preparedness of college
students for the transition from college to full-time employment. The study was
concerned with the interest and rationale behind developing a required Exit Course for
college students in order to improve the college to work transition. As well, possible
content of an Exit Course was evaluated. The importance of addressing college to work
transitions is highlighted by two phenomena. First, there are specific employability skills
that employers in Canada are seeking in newly hired employees. Second, the provincial
government in Ontario is determining college funding based on graduate employment
statistics which are measured by graduate satisfaction, graduate employment, and
employer satisfaction.
The research concentrated on the following stakeholders involved in the transition
from college to work: (a) current students, (b) recent graduates, (c) support staff who
assist students in college to work transition (Career Educators), and (d) employers.
Through qualitative research, including focus groups and interviews, these stakeholder
groups participated in the research to determine if the Exit Course was a viable solution
to facilitate the transition from college to work. Focus groups were conducted with
current students, while one-on-one, semi-structured interviews were conducted with
recent graduates, Career Educators, and employers.
Common themes elicited from the participants included the following: (a)
although students were perceived by the participants of this study to be technically
prepared for employment, they were perceived to have weak job search skills and unrealistic expectations of the world of work unless they had received the benefits of a
Co-operative Education experience; (b) an Exit Course was seen as a viable solution to
the issues involved in college to work transition; (c) an Exit Course should be comprised
of skills necessary to obtain and succeed in a job and the course should be taught by
individuals with extensive qualifications in this area; and (d) there is a need to develop
college and business partnerships to ensure that students are connected to employers.
Educators within post secondary institutions, specifically colleges, can benefit
from the information provided within this study to gain a better understanding of the
perceived level of preparedness of students for the transition from college to work.
Suggestions with regard to how to improve this transition were made, with specific
reference to the addition of an Exit Course as one possible solution.


title: Private versus public : how one gay professor negotiates the boundaries between his personal and professional lives /

subject:
Gay teachers.
Gay college teachers.

abstract:
This study examined how one university professor negotiated the boundaries between his
personal life as a gay man and his professional life as a teacher. Using his sexual orientation
as a focal point, the study explored the circumstances and underlying assumptions that
influenced this professor's decisions to disclose information of a personal nature. Data
collection was solicited from a number of sources: (a) In-depth interviews with the
participant, his colleagues, students, and friends; (b) Field observation of the participant
teaching over a 3 -day period; and (c) A document review of lesson plans, course outlines,
student feedback forms, and the participant's teaching portfolio. The researcher maintained
both observation journals and reflective journals during this process. Data analysis using the
constant comparative method elicited several themes. The participant engaged in a variety of
strategies in disclosing his sexual orientation that included: (a) no disclosure at all, (b)
assuming people knew, (c) casually mentioning it in conversation, and (d) deliberately
planning to tell someone. The participant also engaged in an ongoing assessment of his
environment that included evaluating the level of risk in disclosing his sexual orientation and
assessing the listener's ability to receive the information. The participant cited numerous
reasons for disclosing his sexual orientation. Further inquiry revealed a number of belief
systems that underlined these reasons. These belief systems included beliefs around privacy,
authenticity, teaching, manners, professionalism, and homosexuality. The conclusions
suggested that the participant utilized a consistent process in both his personal and
professional lives to determine what information was kept private and what information was
made public. While the process used to determine the degree of disclosure was consistent,
the actual disclosures themselves varied widely in nature.


title: Problem solving and computer-assisted instruction in science education : analysis of research findings and the research process /

subject:
Science
Science
Problem solving.

abstract:
The quantitative component of this study examined the effect of computerassisted
instruction (CAI) on science problem-solving performance, as well as the
significance of logical reasoning ability to this relationship. I had the dual role of
researcher and teacher, as I conducted the study with 84 grade seven students to whom I
simultaneously taught science on a rotary-basis. A two-treatment research design using
this sample of convenience allowed for a comparison between the problem-solving
performance of a CAI treatment group (n = 46) versus a laboratory-based control group
(n = 38). Science problem-solving performance was measured by a pretest and posttest
that I developed for this study. The validity of these tests was addressed through critical
discussions with faculty members, colleagues, as well as through feedback gained in a
pilot study. High reliability was revealed between the pretest and the posttest; in this way,
students who tended to score high on the pretest also tended to score high on the posttest.
Interrater reliability was found to be high for 30 randomly-selected test responses which
were scored independently by two raters (i.e., myself and my faculty advisor). Results
indicated that the form of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) used in this study did not
significantly improve students' problem-solving performance. Logical reasoning ability
was measured by an abbreviated version of the Group Assessment of Lx)gical Thinking
(GALT). Logical reasoning ability was found to be correlated to problem-solving
performance in that, students with high logical reasoning ability tended to do better on
the problem-solving tests and vice versa. However, no significant difference was
observed in problem-solving improvement, in the laboratory-based instruction group
versus the CAI group, for students varying in level of logical reasoning ability.Insignificant trends were noted in results obtained from students of high logical reasoning
ability, but require further study. It was acknowledged that conclusions drawn from the
quantitative component of this study were limited, as further modifications of the tests
were recommended, as well as the use of a larger sample size.
The purpose of the qualitative component of the study was to provide a detailed
description ofmy thesis research process as a Brock University Master of Education
student. My research journal notes served as the data base for open coding analysis. This
analysis revealed six main themes which best described my research experience: research
interests, practical considerations, research design, research analysis, development of the
problem-solving tests, and scoring scheme development. These important areas ofmy
thesis research experience were recounted in the form of a personal narrative. It was
noted that the research process was a form of problem solving in itself, as I made use of
several problem-solving strategies to achieve desired thesis outcomes.


title: Public service reform and the role of the Auditor General /

subject:
Civil service reform
Public administration
Legislative auditing

abstract:
The objective of this thesis is to study the involvement of the Auditor General in
the proposal, implementation and review of major public service reform initiatives
during a period spanning nearly forty years, from the early 1960s to 2001 . This period
began with the Glassco Commission and concludes at the end of the term in office of
Auditor General Denis Desautels in 2001. It has been demonstrated throughout this
work that the role of the OAG has varied, from proponent to critic, from instigator to
reviewer. In the past forty years the OAG's mandate has changed to meet the
requirements of critical analysis of government operations and this has been aptly
demonstrated in the office's relationship to the issue of public service reform.
It has been argued that many of the problems facing the public service are
cultural in nature. Reform initiatives have taken on a number of various forms with each
addressing a different set of priorities. However, there has been a great deal of
consistency in the cultural values that these initiatives articulate. Throughout this thesis
attention has been paid to values. Values define a culture and cultural change is
required within the Canadian federal public service. How and when this cultural change
will occur is but one question to be answered.
During the period under consideration in this thesis the government undertook
several significant public service reform initiatives. Those examined in this thesis
include: The Royal Commission on Government Organization, The Special Committee
on the Review of Personnel Management and the Merit Principle, The Royal
Commission on Financial Management and Accountability, Increased Ministerial
Authority and Accountability, Public Service 2000, Program Review and finally La
Releve.
The involvement, or interest, of the Auditor General's Office on the subject of
public service reform is generally articulated through the means of its annual reports to
Parliament although there have been supplementary undertakings on this issue. Such
material relevant to this study include: Towards Better Governance: Public Service
Reform in New Zealand (1984-94) and its Relevance to Canada and Reform in the
Australian Public Service. Annual reports to Parliament include: "Values, Service and
Performance," (1990), "Canada's Public Service Reform and Lessons Learned from
Selected Jurisdictions," (1993), "Maintaining a Competent and Efficient Public Service,"
(1997), and "Expenditure and Work Force Reduction in Selected Departments,"


title: Pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-[delta]/PrBa2Cu3O7-[delta] /

subject:
Thin films, Multilayered.
Pulsed laser deposition.
Yttrium alloys

abstract:
The process of depositing thin films by the use of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has
become a more widely used technique for the growth of substances in a thin film form.
Pulsed laser deposition allows for the stoichiometric film growth of the target which
is of great significance in the deposition of High Temperature Superconducting materials.
We will describe a system designed using an excimer laser and vaccum chamber in
which thin films and superlattices of YBa2Cuj07_i, PrBa2Cu307_i, and YBajCujOr-j/
PrBajCusOr-^ were deposited on SrTiOs. Results of resistivity measurements using the
four probe technique will be shown.


title: A qualitative study of authority from the perspective of secondary school principals /

subject:
Authority.
Education
High school principals.
Qualitative research.

abstract:
In this research study I examined how four principals of secondary schools
interpreted authority and how these interpretations affected their practice. This study
involved a presentation of the literature where the concept of qualitative methodology as
well as general concepts of authority were reviewed.
Four principals were interviewed and asked to reflect on their feelings and
experiences as they related to the practice of authority. Five major themes emerged from
their reflections and stories which were: Understandings of the Concept of Authority,
Principals' Enactment of Authority, Thoughts and Experiences related to Challenges to
Their Authority, A View of Principals' Challenge of Authority, and Changing Views on
the Authority of Principals in Ontario.
The stories of these four principals demonstrated that the practice of authority is
complex, dynamic, and contains personal and social tensions. The sharing of these ideas
and stories provided a window into the world of these secondary school educational
leaders and their experiences with, and enactment of, authority. From this research four
recommendations were made to improve educators' practice related to the issue of
authority. The importance of this study is that it presents an understanding of the
dynamic nature of the process and enactment of authority by these secondary school
principals at a unique time in the history of education in Ontario.This qualitative research provides a snapshot of a particular group of educators at
a particular time and place. Others need to add to these understandings and modify these
ideas through further research. Understanding the experiences of educational leaders as
they negotiate concepts of authority gives a window on this very complex, yet vital,
component of education.


title: The relationship between self-serving cognitive distortions and bullying behaviours among elementary school children /

subject:
Bullying in schools.
Social perception in children.

abstract:
The purpose ofthe study was to examine the relationshq) between self-serving
cognitive distortions and involvement in bullying behaviours. While relationships
were e}q)k)red for both bullies and victims, the bully represented the main focus ofthis
research. The participants ofthis study were 206 elementary school children in grades
5, 6, 7, and 8 from a school board in South Western Ontario. Participants conq>leted a
2- part self-report questionnaire within a 1-week time period. Part I aimed to measure
self-serving cognitive distortions, while Part II was designed to assess selfreports of
bullying behaviours. Analyses revealed that a significant direct relationship existed
between children's self-serving cognitive distortions and bullying others. More
specifically, children's self-serving cognitive distortions were moderately correlated
with bullying others (r = .50, p< 0.01). This finding was consistent for both male and
female participants. In addition, significant moderate correlations also existed
between each ofthe 9 subscales ofself-serving cognitive distortions and bullying
others. In regard to the relationship between children's self-serving cognitive
distortions and victimization, a low significant direct relationshq) was found (r = .22
p<0.01). This finding was consistent for both male and female participants. The
results ofthis study are discussed in terms oftheir theoretical, as well as applied
implications.


title: Relationship between physical activity and resting secretory immunity in children

subject:
Exercise
Exercise
Salivary glands
Fat.

abstract:
This study examined relationships among physical activity, body fat and salivary
immonoglobulin A (sIgA) levels in adolescent children of Southern Ontario. Gender
differences on these factors were also assessed. Sixty-one grade-five students (10-1 lyrs),
males (n=29) and females (n=31), who had not received a flu vaccination in the past 12
months, participated in the study. They were assessed for: aerobic power (20-m shuttle
run), relative body fat (bioelectrical impedance analysis), sIgA, sIgA/albumin ratio, and
salivary Cortisol. Each subject completed the Habitual Activity Estimation Scale and the
Participation Questioimaire. Students wore a pedometer for 48h to estimate their average
total distance traveled per day. The results show 40% of the children were over 25% body
fat and 50% of them spend less than five hours per day in any physical activities. Salivary
IgA was not related to salivary Cortisol, physical activity, fitness level or body fat in this
age group. There were no gender differences in sIgA and Cortisol levels. Boys had a
significantly higher aerobic power and daily distance traveled, but reported similar
organized and fi-ee time activity participation levels as the girls. The test-retest
reproducibility for salivary Cortisol was 0.663 (p<0.01), while long term sIgA and
sIgA/albumin ratio reproducibility was non-significant for repeated measurements taken
after six weeks. It was found that salivary IgA has not been shovm to be a stable measure
in children, in contrast to the results found in the literatiu-e that tested adults and the
relationship with physical activity, fitness level and body fat.


title: Research in the clinical setting : a qualitative study of the value of play research in the continuing education of occupational therapists.

subject:
Occupational therapists
Play

abstract:
Occupational therapists have always recognized playas an important part
of a child's life. However, until recently play has been viewed as a medium for
reaching treatment goals, rather than as an activity that is valuable in and of itself.
If occupational therapists think of playas the primary activity or occupation of
childhood, then play should be a very important area of focus for paediatric
clinicians.
In order to assist children to become as independent as possible with play
and to have fulfilling play experiences the occupational therapist needs to have a
clear understanding of how to assess, set goals which lead towards competence in
play, and promote play. Recent play literature has placed importance on play
behaviours and looking at the relationship between the child and both the human
and nonhuman environment. Believing that play and playfulness can and should be
promoted, for children with physical disabilities, requires that therapists learn new
assessment and intervention strategies.
A new assessment tool, The Test of Playfulness, was developed by Bundy
in 1994. It addressed play behaviours and environmental influences. The author,
a co-investigator and eight occupational therapists were involved in a playfulness
study using this test to compare the playfulness of children with physical
disabilities with their able-bodied peers. After the study was completed the author
questioned whether or not involvement in the playfulness study was enough of a
change agent to bring about transformative learning in order to further the eight
occupational therapists' education about play.This study investigated changes in either the therapists' thinking about play
or their behaviour in their clinical practice. The study also examined the
participants' retention of knowledge about the Test of Playfulness.
The eight therapists who had been involved in the playfulness study
(participants) were matched with eight therapists who had not been involved
(nonparticipants). The therapists were interviewed 9 to 12 months after
completion of the playfulness study. They were asked to describe various scenarios
of play and open ended prompts were used to elicit the therapists' perceptions of
play, good play, the role or value of play, environmental and gender influences on
play, play assessment and intervention, and play research, for children with and
without disabilities. The participants were also prompted to discuss their
experience with the playfulness study. A self-report questionnaire was also
completed at the end of the interview.
The results of the study demonstrated that: (a) the play research project
was a good format for continuing the participants' education about play; (b) their
thinking had changed about play; (c) according to self report, they had used this
new knowledge in their clinical practice; and (d) the participants remembered the
items on the Test of Playfulness and could use them in describing various aspects
of play.
This study found that participating in a play research project had been an
effective method of professional development. It also highlighted the need for
increased awareness of the recent literature on play and the developing role of the
occupational therapist in the assessment and intervention of play.