identifier: Rutherford, Clara Joan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rutherford=3AClara_Joan=3A=3A.html>   (2009) The place of the Labrador fishery in the folklife of a Newfoundland community.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study takes a life history approach to a community study which analyzes the effect of the Labrador fishery on an area comprising several settlements - Colliers, Conception Harbour, Avondale, and Brigus - but focusing on Colliers. The Labrador stationary fishery developed among Newfoundland fisherpeople, principally from Conception Bay, during the nineteenth century. The fishery faltered in the 1940s, revived in the 1960s, and continued into the time of my study with greatly reduced numbers and with structural changes. While this study centers on the traditional fishery, it also deals with the post-1960 fishery and with Newfoundlander and Labradorian relationships past and present. -- The bulk of the data used in this work was collected in three main ways: fieldwork, archival survey, and library research. The fieldwork consists of two parts: (1) two field trips to Labrador and (2) fieldwork in the community of Colliers and surrounding areas. The trip to Labrador by coastal boat was undertaken during the month of July 1984. A follow-up visit was made April-May 1986. The experience of taking the coastal boat as a participant observer helped to place the experiences of informants into geographical and cultural context. The tangible results of the trip include two hundred photographs, an inventory of Newfoundland fishermen who were fishing on the Labrador and their fishing stations, six lengthy interviews, and dozens of shorter interviews. A preliminary list has also been compiled of people from Colliers and the surrounding areas who went on the Labrador between 1857 and 1948. -- I searched the Memorial University Folklore and Language Archive (MUNFLA) for student collections which deal with the Labrador fishery from the point of view of "floaters" and "stationers." Respectively, floaters and stationers were fishermen from Newfoundland who prosecuted the fishery either by schooners or from rooms (fishing premises) on the Labrador. To supplement the interviews done in Labrador, I also searched the Them Days Archives and its publication, Them Days Magazine, a regional oral history magazine, for the point of view of Labradorians on the Newfoundland fishermen. -- The archival research revealed five areas of descriptions of trips to the Labrador: (1) "going in collar" (preparing for the trip), (2) "on the passage" (the trip down), (3) work on the Labrador, (4) sociability on the Labrador, and (5) the return to Newfoundland. The narratives presented in the final section of this thesis concern the effect of the annual summer migration on the home community in Newfoundland.


identifier: Habashneh, Almeqdad <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Habashneh=3AAlmeqdad=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Synthetic investigations on new calixsalens and modified thiacalixarenes.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

abstract: “Calix”-compounds have “cup”- or “basket”-like shapes which make them attractive synthetic targets for host-guest studies and for many other potential applications. The research described in this thesis deals with two sets of objectives, (a) The synthesis and characterization of new generation of calixsalens; and (b) The study of the reactions of thiacalix[4]arene 1,3-bistriflate and the chemistry of thiacalix[2]phenoxathiins. -- Calixsalens are dimeric compounds in which the two salen units are connected by methylene, ethylene or sulfonyl linking groups, and are usually prepared under Schiff-base macrocyclizations of bis-salicylaldehydes with diamines. Chiral Mn(III)-calixsalen complexes have been designed to serve as enantioselective epoxidation catalysts which act via a host-guest catalytic mechanism in which  reactants can be included within the chiral cavities of the new complexes. New calixsalen ligands with large (chiral) cavities were synthesized by incorporating new linking groups between the two salen units. Modified low mol% Pd Suzuki conditions efficiently produced the desired targeted bis-salicylaldehydes which were used as the precursors for the desired calixsalen compounds. -- The second part of this thesis describes the attempted modification of thiacalix[4]arene to form the narrow rim-functionalized arylethynyl derivative, using the Sonogashira reaction. However, the reactions employed produced instead an unexpected new pheoxathiin product under Cu(I)-catalyzed conditions. A host-guest complexation study was conducted with the new phenoxathiin and its de-tert-butylated analogue and both were shown to be moderate receptors for Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺ ions but not at all with the neutral Ca₆₀ and Ca₇₀ fullerenes.


identifier: Byrne, Adam <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Byrne=3AAdam=3A=3A.html>   (2008) The effect of supplementary dietary sulfur amino acids on hepatic sulfur amino acid metabolism in rats.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Dietary cysteine can replace up to 40% of the methionine requirement in the diets of both men and rats. Various experiments were designed to examine this phenomenon, including measurements of transsulfuration flux in isolated hepatocytes, hepatic enzyme and substrate analysis of sulfur amino acid metabolism, and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) mRNA. In adult rats fed a high cystine diet for one week, transsulfuration flux was decreased by 40% as compared to animals fed a basal diet. This change in flux was mirrored by a similar change in CBS activity and mRNA. In young rats fed sulfur amino acid supplemented diets for one week, transsulfuration flux measured with 0.1 mM methionine fell by over 50% in cystine supplemented animals as compared to basal and methionine supplemented rats. Among the variety of results that followed, CBS activity decreased in rats supplemented with cystine compared to high methionine supplemented rats by 45%, while CBS mRNA decreased by almost 65% in these two groups. We also examined the effect that allosteric regulators S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine had on the enzymes of methionine metabolism. Our results indicated that SAM played a crucial role in regulating transsulfuration and remethylation of homocysteine via folate.


identifier: Kielley, Henry Gerard <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kielley=3AHenry_Gerard=3A=3A.html>   (2008) The impact of admission and transfer policies on long term care clients and their families.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: There are approximately 1000 publicly funded nursing home beds in St. John's, and admission to all of them is administered through a Single Entry System, which maintains a waitlist and prioritizes admissions based on greatest need. Approximately one third of admissions to nursing homes in St. John's come from acute care, with the remaining two thirds coming from the community and Personal Care Homes. This study focuses on the one third coming from acute care. Over the past years, various policies and procedures have been put in place to facilitate timely and equitable movement of individuals into and around the nursing home system, particularly from acute care. These policies are the First Available Bed Policy, the Internal Transfer Policy, and the Transition Unit Policy. -- Each of these policies stood on their own merit at the time they were enacted. However, there has not been a previous review of how these policies function in concert, and what impacts (positive or negative) they are having on long term care clients and their families. This thesis provides a research-based critical analysis of these policies from an individual and systems perspective.


identifier: Gardner, Stephen Ambrose <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gardner=3AStephen_Ambrose=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Synthetic activity and the continuum : a criticism of Russell's account of extensive magnitude.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This essay deals with the concept of continuity, as it has been developed both in philosophy and in mathematics during the 19th and 20th Centuries. In particular, the problem of focus is the relation which the continuum has to number. The debate on whether the continuum can be given as a class of atomic individuals is the principle item of consideration in this work. The negation of this claim is argued for. -- The two sides of this debate are presented in terms of the philosophical characterizations of extensive magnitude found in the writings of Bertrand Russell (representing the claim that such a reduction is possible) and of Immanuel Kant (representing the negation of this claim). In particular, the epistemological distinction between the two figures is connected with their relative positions on this debate, discussed mainly in connexion with the issue of synthetic a priori judgments. -- The principal claim argued for in this paper is that the classical analysis of the geometric continuum, and hence Russell's logical reduction of space and time, tacitly presupposes an original undifferentiated continuum among its initial principles. This point is intended to lend support to the more general view of the continuum holding the undifferentiated whole to be utterly prior over its parts. In addition to Kant, one should attach to this view the names of Peirce and Brouwer. In particular, I shall attempt to establish an understanding of the 'spatial point' as an entity which can be individuated only as the result of a synthetic act. Finally, an examination of the relation of intuitionist choice sequences with the classical set of real numbers is presented, concluding with the conjecture that no law-like system can exhaust all possible positions on the line.


identifier: Butt, Christopher <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Butt=3AChristopher=3A=3A.html>   (2009) The genetics of Psoriatic Arthritis.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: The genetics of Psoriatic Arthritis

abstract: Psoriasis is a stubborn chronic skin disease affecting 1-3% of the population. Although not life threatening, it may be associated with important morbidity and disability. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), an immunologically mediated disease, is an inflammatory form of arthritis usually seronegative for rheumatoid factor, which may affect as many as 30% of patients with psoriasis, thus up to 1% of the population may have PsA. Whereas the prevalence of inflammatory arthritis in the general population is estimated at 2 to 3%, in patients with psoriasis the prevalence of inflammatory arthritis varies from 6 to 42%. PsA is highly heritable with the risk ratio for siblings of PsA patients estimated at 30.8 times that of the general population. PsA is T-cell driven disorder and the pathogenesis derives from multiple processes including synovial and entheseal inflammation, angiogenesis, and altered bone remodelling. -- Association studies have repeatedly implicated the HLA-Cw*0602 loci of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in the aetiology of PsA. Numerous other genes from several pathways have also been implicated in PsA. Using the unique population resource of Newfoundland, and a validation cohort from Toronto, it has been observed that there is an association between PsA and the MHC genes TNF-α and MICA. For the first time, an association has also been observed between PsA and the pro-angiogenic genes VEGF and PPARγ. An association was also observed with the pleiotropic autoimmune gene PTPN22, and for the first time epistatic gene-gene interactions have been observed in PsA via a novel algorithm, adding further evidence to the central involvement of IL-23R in PsA.


identifier: Monteith, Andrew <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Monteith=3AAndrew=3A=3A.html>   (2010) The light and the night : an ethnographic examination of spiritual warfare.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis explores spiritual warfare, a term that in Evangelical culture refers to the perceived conflict with evil, and, among most practitioners, specifically to a conflict with demons. Spiritual warfare beliefs are based primarily on pneumatological assumptions as well as on eschatological views. Based on a field study using anthropological methodology, this study examined spiritual warfare beliefs and practices at the Anchor Fellowship in Nashville, Tennessee, and placed the findings in a broader Evangelical intellectual context. The observation portion of this study occurred between May 2009 and February 2010. -- Interviews with individuals claiming to have experienced conflict with demonic forces, observation of exorcism practices, and an analysis of the beliefs and activities relevant to demonological conceptions demonstrate how pneumatology and eschatology merge to effect spiritual warfare beliefs and practices. This research also addresses how people conceive of spiritual warfare, why they practice it, and its function within the culture. -- Individuals subscribing to a doctrine of the Holy Spirit that emphasizes the active, miraculous power of God in the present time and who also accept an eschatological position that includes the ultimate defeat of Satan and demons, adhere to an aggressive understanding of spiritual warfare, which advocates that Christians confront and defeat demons. The alternative position is a defensive posture, which advocates that Christians simply try to avoid or resist demonic influences.


identifier: Lavers, Dominique <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lavers=3ADominique=3A=3A.html>   (2010) The recent Indian Cow Head complex occupation of the Northern Peninsula, Newfoundland : a geochemical investigation of Cow Head chert acquisition.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines the occurrence of Cow Head chert in Recent Indian Cow Head complex lithic assemblages from the Northern Peninsula, Newfoundland. Archaeological research conducted at St. Paul's Bay-2 provided information at a site-specific scale, whereas information collected from seven other, previously excavated Cow Head complex sites, provided a regional analysis. -- Drawing upon visual and trace element analysis in the form of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), the geochemical signature of Cow Head chert is first identified and then compared to artifacts sampled from eight sites. The identification of Cow Head chert in all eight lithic assemblages indicates that it was procured through direct and/or embedded procurement from outcrops to sites located within close proximity (50 km), whereas it was brought to sites located over 50 kilometres away from the nearest outcrop through indirect procurement. Based on these results three territorial ranges for the Cow Head complex occupation of the Northern Peninsula was identified.


identifier: Bourgeois, Monique F. (Monique Frances) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bourgeois=3AMonique_F=2E_=28Monique_Frances=29=3A=3A.html>   (2009) The significance of post-secondary education in Newfoundland: a comparison between the provincial government's white paper on public post-secondary education (2005) and rural women enrolled in liberal arts undergraduate degrees.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines the significance of post-secondary education for rural Newfoundland women studying liberal arts degrees, and the fit of these experiences and perspectives with Newfoundland and Labrador education policy, as represented in Foundation for Success: White Paper on Public Post-Secondary Education (2005). The research involves semi-structured interviews with eight rural women enrolled in the Faculty of Arts at Memorial University of Newfoundland in 2006/2007, and a qualitative textual analysis of the White Paper. Data were analyzed comparatively using Smith's (1987; 1990a; 2005) theories of institutional texts, neoliberal and critical theories of education (Hart, 1992), Smith's standpoint theory, and social constructionist theories of gender and place (Massey, 1994; McDowell, 1999). I identify five themes in the White Paper collectively portraying post-secondary education as a means to achieve individual and provincial economic success. While rural women do speak of their education in ways consistent with the White Paper, their experiences and perspectives are much more complex, being contingent upon gender and place. I discuss thirteen overlapping themes characterizing the significance of liberal arts education for rural women, and recommend policy strategies that account for the contextual nature and non-economic aspects of rural women's decision making and their liberal arts degrees.


identifier: Williams, Selena Joy <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Williams=3ASelena_Joy=3A=3A.html>   (2009) The role of integrins in uterine smooth muscle contraction during pregnancy and labour.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Preterm labour is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in North America and its prevention is essential to improve pregnancy outcomes. Unfortunately, the basic biochemical and molecular mechanisms of myometrial function during pregnancy and labour remain poorly understood making it difficult to anticipate and prevent preterm labour. Focal adhesions are important to properly anchor growing cells to their ECM and it is becoming appreciated that they are reorganized in myometrial cells during pregnancy and labour to facilitate the significant uterine growth seen during this time. Integrins are an important component of focal adhesions. In this thesis, I initially investigated the gestation profile of ITGA5, ITGA1, ITGA3 and ITGB1 in rat myometrium during pregnancy and labour. The gene expression of all 4 integrins was elevated during late pregnancy and the apparent accumulation of all 4 integrin proteins at myocyte membranes may contribute to the cell-ECM interactions required for the development of a mechanical syncytium and the coordinated contractions of labour. Delaying labour, through the administration of progesterone, maintained ITGA5 gene and protein expression. Inducing preterm labour, by administering RU486, a progesterone receptor antagonist, resulted in a slight increase in only ITGA5 expression and its accumulation at myocyte membranes. In a unilateral pregnant rat model, ITGA5 gene and protein expression was increased with gravidity. --  In further experiments, we examined the effect of ITGA5 silencing on fibronectin deposition and secretion by uterine smooth muscle cells, which is important to aid in the development of a fibronectin matrix. We found that silencing ITGA5 gene expression resulted in a decrease in ITGA5 protein expression and decreased fibronectin deposition and secretion in human myometrial cells. Our results support the idea that ITGA5B1 plays an integral part in FN fibrillogenesis in uterine myometrial cells. -- We suggest that these series of experiments support the concept that a mechanical syncytium may develop in the myometrium to facilitate the coordinated contractions of labour. In addition, ITGA5B1 may be required for fibronectin matrix assembly in the myometrium and initiate the process of cellular cohesion, which is dependent on correct cytoskeletal filament organization, focal adhesion formation, cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions and these processes may be components of myometrial activation aiding in the development of a mechanical syncytium.


identifier: Vongporm, Yaovaluk <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Vongporm=3AYaovaluk=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Thiosalt behaviour in aqueous media.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Thiosalt behaviour in aqueous media

abstract: Understanding the behaviour of thiosalts is important in acid mine drainage study as thiosalt oxidation results in pH depression. This research focuses on a study of thiosalt kinetics under acidic, neutral and basic conditions in the temperature range typical of receiving ponds. The thiosalt studies performed in this research included a HSC equilibrium study, a study of freeze-thaw stability, and a thiosalt kinetic reactions study. --  The purpose of the HSC equilibrium study was to identify the major factors involved in thiosalt behaviour and to use this data to aid in later experimental design. The study of thiosalt equilibrium composition was performed using HSC Chemistry software and these results were statistically analysed by Design-Expert software. According to the analysis, the formation of thiosulphate depends upon its initial concentration, temperature, and pH. The formation of polythionate is also influenced by temperature, pH, and initial polythionate concentrations. Though these results were not unexpected, it was not anticipated that under equilibrium conditions the behaviour of thiosulphate and polythionate would be relatively independent of each other. -- As the freeze-thaw cycle has been shown to influence thiosalt speciation, a stability study was conducted to determine the stability of thiosalt species at different pHs. The thiosalts were found to be reasonably stable using a fast-freeze approach, where at pH 2, 4, and 7, most thiosalt concentrations changed within the range of ±6% after fast freezing in liquid nitrogen, storage in a freezer, and thawing in a water bath at 20°C just prior to analysis. --  Kinetic experiments were designed and conducted with the purpose of investigating thiosalt reaction kinetics under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions at variable temperatures. According to the results of this study, thiosulphate decomposed to trithionate, sulphate, and tetrathionate at pH 2. At pH 2 and 9, trithionate decomposed to sulphate, thiosulphate and tetrathionate only at 30°C; while at pH 4 and 7, trithionate decomposed to sulphate, thiosulphate and tetrathionate at temperatures of 15°C or greater. At pH 9, tetrathionate decomposed to thiosulphate, trithionate, and sulphate. In a mixture of thiosalt, thiosulphate and trithionate reacted as in the single species experiments, but tetrathionate was more reactive. Generally, the relative rates of decomposition of thiosulphate, trithionate, and tetrathionate were second or higher order. The decomposition rates increased with increasing initial thiosalt concentration and temperature (except for thiosulphate decomposition at pH 9 and 30°C).


identifier: Akhter, Nasrin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Akhter=3ANasrin=3A=3A.html>   (2010) The religious lives of immigrant Muslim women in Canada : the case of Bangladeshi women in St. John's, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This qualitative research study reveals how Bangladeshi immigrant Muslim women adjust their religious practices in order to integrate themselves in their new context in St. John's, Newfoundland, and analyzes the meanings they attribute to these adjustments. There are five principle findings based on research with six female participants. Firstly, this study corroborates the widely-recognized idea that immigration often results in women's greater empowerment, independence, and egalitarianism in relation to the gendered division of labour and decision-making power (male/female, couple/parents). Secondly, this study also explores why female immigrants tend to experience an increase in religious capital and a sense of ecumenism. I explore other impacts of the transnational socialization that Bangladeshi immigrant women experience in St. John's, such as an increased awareness and knowledge about Islam, and the restoration of religious practices in an effort to form a universal Islamic community. Thirdly, this thesis examines various elements affecting women's religiosity, such as how their religiosity tends to increase alongside their status as mothers and their exposure to religious plurality, as well as the urge to impart faith to children. Fourthly, I argue that media attention following 9/11 positively influenced local people's perception of Muslims, resulting in an increased tolerance toward, and acceptance of, Muslims and their public religious practice. Lastly, I consider how these women assign religious meaning to unpleasant experiences and how this helps them adjust to their new environment. -- Keywords: Tolerance; acceptance; perception; Muslims, Islam; empowerment; independence; gender; egalitarianism; decision-making power; couples; parents; gendered division of labour; religiousness; religiosity; universality; imparting faith to children; motherhood; status as mothers; religious plurality; religious capital; religious practice; assimilation; ecumenism; religious identity; public religious practice; awareness; ostracization; social integration; social pressure; transnational socialization.


identifier: Dunne, Tobias M. (Tobias Matthew) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dunne=3ATobias_M=2E_=28Tobias_Matthew=29=3A=3A.html>   (2009) Use of micro-data to determine effective indicators of fee-for-service general practitioner utilization in Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In Newfoundland and Labrador health care resources are currently distributed to Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) largely according to their previous expenditure levels. It is suggested that this historical distribution may not be the most equitable way to distribute resources because these allocation levels may not be indicative of needs of the population living in the area. As such, some communities do not receive an adequate share of resources, resulting in a violation of the concept of vertical equity. --  The primary objective of this research is to determine which population characteristics (demographic and health) are the best indicators of FFS GP utilization. To do this, multiple linear regression was used to estimate the dollar value of GP resources consumed based on the demographic and health characteristic information of the population. Data were collected from: the Medical Care Plan (MCP) administration data for the years 1996-2004, the 1995 Newfoundland Panel on Health and Medical Care - Adult Health Survey (AHS), and the 2001 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). -- It is recommended that, as a minimum, age and gender variables be used as the main predictors for GP resource utilization. However, it is also recommended that the number of chronic conditions and self assessed health status be used to compensate for all other variables outside of age and gender demographics. The health practices and socioeconomic indicators as measured in this study did not hold strong statistical significance and showed unexpected and inconsistent resource allocation values. -- These results could be used as part of a capitation formula which would assign funding to communities based on expected future need and thus result in a fairer allocation of scarce resources.


identifier: Dawe, Andrea <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dawe=3AAndrea=3A=3A.html>   (2010) Undressing pop culture.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Undressing pop culture

abstract: In the winter of 2010, I conducted a four-week media workshop entitled Undressing Pop Culture for a select group of first year Women's Studies students. This workshop critically examined depictions of women's agency and empowerment as illustrated through postfeminist media representations. The variety of media explored over the duration of the workshop included magazine advertisements, tween products, music videos, and sports images. A combined theoretical approach, drawing on feminist critiques of postfeminism, as well as aspects of critical media literacy, was used as a means for conducting the workshop. Critical analysis of postfeminist media representations occurred through documentary viewing, group discussion, and activities. Using these resources, a media literacy toolkit was developed for intended use as a teaching resource in introductory Women's Studies classes at Memorial University of Newfoundland.


identifier: Ercegovac, Stevimir <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ercegovac=3AStevimir=3A=3A.html>   (2009) The politics of Croatia's EU accession.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: The politics of Croatia's EU accession

abstract: This study first offers a brief overview of Croatian history and political developments from the disintegration of Yugoslavia to Croatia's decision to apply for EU membership. It then explores the question of why the Croatian Government decided to apply for EU membership. Finally, it examines the opinions of the civil sector and public regarding joining the EU. The conclusions of this thesis are that the Croatian Government's main reason for wishing to join the EU has to do with identity and security, while the civil sector and the general public are primarily driven by economic considerations and the prospect of socio-cultural benefits.


identifier: Manem, Venkata Satya Kumar <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Manem=3AVenkata_Satya_Kumar=3A=3A.html>   (2009) The two fixed centers problem: an integrable Hamiltonian system.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis concerns the dynamical system of the two fixed centers problem restricted to a 2-D case. We use the Hamiltonian approach to find an analytical solution in terms of elliptical coordinates. A detailed analysis of quadratic polynomials whose roots control elliptic integrals involved is discussed. The theory is applied to the analysis of concrete orbits and the predictions of the theory are compared with results of direct numerical integration. We present two applications of the theory. One application is to find the escape velocities of the particle. The second application is to investigate the initial data for the particle to hit one of the fixed masses. The difference between the integrable system with Newtonian potential and a non-integrable  system corresponding to the logarithmic potential is presented using the Poincare section technique.


identifier: Agostinho, Joaquim Manuel Mocito <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Agostinho=3AJoaquim_Manuel_Mocito=3A=3A.html>   (2007) The use of a cellular automaton land use model as a tool for urban planning.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A constrained Cellular Automata (CA) based model of the land use dynamics of Dublin, Ireland, is used as a platform to evaluate planning strategies at both metropolitan and regional scales. In particular, the New Urbanism movement advocates a variety of strategies from zoning to urban growth boundaries in order to reduce sprawl, increase densities, and encourage mixed use development. These strategies are implemented in the CA land use dynamics model and the resulting land use patterns are evaluated and compared with results in the absence of planning constraints, using spatial metrics such as Total Urban Edge and fractal dimensions. Some apparently powerful planning measures such as the imposition of an urban growth boundary are found to have a limited effect.


identifier: Sparkes, Ryan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sparkes=3ARyan=3A=3A.html>   (2009) Training adaptations associated with instability resistance training.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Throughout the past few years there has been an increasing awareness of the importance and significance of strengthening the trunk and shoulder girdle in an attempt to improve stability and optimize function. Traditionally, this has been done through the use of relatively stable benches and floors whereas more recently the incorporation of more unstable platforms, most notably Swiss Balls, are being utilized due to their inherent instability. It has been purported that unstable training environments enhance training effects through increased activation of stabilizers and core muscles and an improvement in neuromuscular coordination. However, the extent of this enhancement is unknown and has only been studied during a single bout of training. -- As stability and balance play a vital role in activities of daily living, the prevention of falls and low back pain, as well as athletic performance, it would be valuable to identify if a specific regimen and/or technique could optimize benefits to mechanisms of balance. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine differences in physiological and performance measures following 8 weeks of stable and unstable resistance training. -- It was found that instability resistance training can increase strength and balance in previously untrained young individuals as can training with more stable machines employing heavier and potentially more harmful loads on the body. Thus, instability training could be advantageous with musculoskeletal rehabilitation, since high muscle activation can be sustained while using lower intensity resistance. The findings also suggest that instability resistance training may have a tendency for being more efficient at increasing force under unstable conditions.


identifier: Kielley, Danielle V. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kielley=3ADanielle_V=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Transforming growth factor beta regulates cell cycle and growth via Akt.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Research Question: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) causes growth stimulation and transformation in fibroblasts, but growth inhibition/apoptosis in other cell types. Previously, TGF-β has been shown to activate the Smad signalling cascade in all cell types. Alternative signalling pathways have been described in response to TGF-β. To explain how TGF-β controls growth, we investigated a downstream target of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) called Akt. Akt inactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) and FOXO. We propose that PI3K signalling is partially responsible for the different phenotypic effects of TGF-β in mesenchymal and epithelial cells. -- Methods: Western blotting was used to describe temporal changes (0-3 hours) in PDK-1, Akt, GSK-3β and Cyclin Dl phosphorylation/protein levels with TGF-β2 stimulation of normal fibroblast and epithelial cell lines. Additionally, we blocked the effects of TGF-β on Akt/GSK-3β using PI3K/Akt specific inhibitors and TGF-β receptor kinase dead cell lines. Using the UAS/GAL4 system of ectoptic gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster, we overexpressed the activated Baboon receptor (Activin/TGF-β type I homologue) in an eye-specific manner, using early and late developmental drivers. We also coexpressed GSK-3β, PI3KDN and Akt constructs with activated Baboon. Results were documented using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). -- Results: TGF-β stimulation increased PDK-1, Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation in fibroblasts over time. Conversely, TGF-β stimulation decreased PDK-1, Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation over time in epithelial cells. The GSK-3β substrate, Cyclin Dl, exhibited decreasing phosphorylation in fibroblast cells, and decreased protein levels of Cyclin Dl in epithelial cells. In fibroblasts, TGF-β increased Cyclin Dl complex formation with CDK-4 and nuclear localization. Conversely, TGF-β decreased complex formation in epithelial cells. TGF-β stimulated Cyclin Dl/CDK complex formation was blocked by a PI3K inhibitor. Morphological transformation by TGF-beta was attenuated by an Akt inhibitor in fibroblasts. In Drosophila studies, overexpression of constitutively active Baboon in the eye caused overgrowth and patterning defects that was rescued by coexpressing either a PI3KDN mutation, mutant dFOXO or mutant GSK-3β, while overexpression of wild-type Akt or PI3K had a synergistic effect. -- Summary: These results, in both cell culture and Drosophila, point to a novel mechanism of TGF-β signaling through PI3K/Akt. In total, these results define a novel pathway for TGF-β regulation of cell cycle through PI3K/Akt in normal cells. This signalling pathway also differentiates epithelial and fibroblast cell responses to TGF-β stimulation. In conjunction with Smads, this pathway could account for the cell type specific growth responses to TGF-β. Potential alterations of this pathway may be a mechanism by which some cancers elude the normal growth regulatory system imposed by TGF-β.


identifier: Martin, Darryl <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Martin=3ADarryl=3A=3A.html>   (2009) Tubedown in neuroblastic tumors.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Tubedown in neuroblastic tumors

abstract: Tubedown (Tbdn), a developmentally regulated gene, is a subunit of the N-terminal acetyltransferase Arrest Defective-1 (Ardl) complex that is conserved from yeast to human. The role of the Tbdn gene product was examined in the development and progression of pediatric neuroblastic tumors (ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and neuroblastoma) that result from a blockage during normal sympathetic development. --  Currently, very few markers have been proven useful to distinguish the various states of neuroblastic differentiation. Therefore, the use of a neuroblastic tissue microarray was essential in determining the importance of Tbdn expression as a novel biomarker. High levels of Tbdn expression correlated with advanced tumor stages (stage 3 and 4), high-risk group status, unfavorable histology, and poor outcome. -- In addition, the functional relationship between the NatA complex (Tbdn and Ardl) and the MycN gene product was investigated. MYCN gene amplification strongly correlates with advanced tumor stage and treatment failure. Although, MYCN gene amplification usually results in high MycN mRNA and protein expression there are subsets of neuroblastomas that have high MycN expression without MYCN gene amplification. I have demonstrated a co-regulation between Tbdn, Ardl, and MycN, using an in vitro human neuroblastoma LA-N-5 cell model. Subsequently, a conditional in vitro MycN-inducible system demonstrated an over-expression of MycN that resulted in increased expression of both Tbdn and Ardl. These results suggested that MycN may regulate the NatA complex. Promoter region analysis of TBDN and ARD1 revealed a MycN consensus binding site within the TBDN promoter region, indicating a possible direct target for MycN. However, no MycN consensus sequence was detected within the ARD1 promoter. The binding of MycN to TBDN was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation potentially providing a mechanistic role for poor outcome in neuroblastoma. Finding functional links between MycN and TBDN will provide further validation for Tbdn as a novel biomarker that may possibly be used in diagnosis and/or prognosis.


identifier: Keeping, Rebecca <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Keeping=3ARebecca=3A=3A.html>   (2009) The Watchman's walk problem and its variations.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Given a graph and a single watchman, the Watchman’s Walk Problem is concerned with finding closed dominating walks of minimum length, which the watchman can traverse to efficiently guard the graph. When multiple guards are available, two natural variations emerge: (1) given a fixed number of guards, how can we minimize the length of time for which vertices are unobserved? and (2) given fixed time constraints on the monitoring of vertices, what is the minimum number of guards required? The present thesis reviews known results for the original problem as well as its variations, and proves an upper bound on the number of guards required when time is fixed.


identifier: Ghazineghad, Parvaneh <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ghazineghad=3AParvaneh=3A=3A.html>   (2010) The semantics and metaphysics of rigid designators.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship between Kripke's semantical doctrines about proper names and his metaphysical doctrines about essences. Throughout Naming and Necessity, Kripke claims that his semantical doctrines have substantive metaphysical consequences. The assessment of this relationship is important, since the metaphysical consequences of semantics and vice versa are often regarded with suspicion. Semantics concerns the relationship between language and the world, and metaphysics is about the world itself. The claim that the way we picture the world imposes some constraints on the world is odd enough to deserve suspicion. My aim in this work is try to show how the relationship between semantics and the metaphysics of essence can be explained by the concept of a rigid designator.


identifier: Puthukkudichalil, Swapna. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Puthukkudichalil=3ASwapna=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2009) The question of accuracy in camera calibration and a novel technique for estimating camera geometry.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Machine Vision is one of the leading technologies of the present era. The quest for the best solution to the geometrical camera calibration has been a research problem for many years in the Computer/Machine Vision communities. In the field of machine vision, camera calibration refers to the experimental determination of a set of parameters which describe the image formation process for a given analytical model of the machine vision system. A complete set of calibration parameters includes both the intrinsic parameters that describe the lens-camera-frame grabber combination as well as the extrinsic parameters that relate the position and orientation of the camera to a fixed reference frame. An accurate, reliable calibration procedure is essential for most industrial machine vision applications including mechanical metrology, robot assembly, reverse engineering, tracking, image fusion etc. One of the most systematic calibration procedures for 3-D machine vision applications was proposed by Heikkila in which a comprehensive set of camera parameters is automatically evaluated by observing a calibration target consisting of two perpendicular planes, each with 256 circular control points. Other similar techniques employ a checkerboard pattern as a target and use the vertices of the squares as control points. While these techniques are sound from a theoretical point of view, they do not adequately speak to the question of measurement accuracy. This study addresses the problems associated with geometric camera calibration using the Design of Experiments as well as the question of accuracy. The broad use of camera calibration in the field of machine vision and computer vision is the primary motivation for understanding the major factors that influence the accuracy of camera calibration as well as the accuracy that can be achieved within the practical limits of most research environments. Based on the results of this study, a new approach towards camera calibration is also proposed in which image center and focal length are calculated independently of the lens distortion.


identifier: Wells, Malcolm Medrick <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wells=3AMalcolm_Medrick=3A=3A.html>   (2009) The role of human pygopus 2 in the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Pygopus plays an important role in canonical Wnt signaling by functioning in complex with T cell Factor (TCF), b Cell Lymphoma 9 (BCL9) and β-catenin to activate target gene transcription. Many cancers show mutational defects in components of the Wnt pathway, leading to β-catenin overexpression and increased TCF-mediated transcription of the target genes. Pygopus is crucial to this target gene overexpression in that it is a required protein in the transcription complex. As such, we show pygopus is overexpressed in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) cell lines and is required for their proliferation. To date pygopus function has only been studied in relation to its canonical Wnt signaling activity. However, we also demonstrate that pygopus functions outside the canonical Wnt pathway as a transactivator and that its presence is required for EOC proliferation regardless of whether it functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


identifier: Carew, Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Carew=3AJoseph=3A=3A.html>   (2010) The role of German idealism in Žižek's transcendental materialism.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is an attempt to articulate the ambiguity of the Hegel-Schelling relationship in Slavoj Žižek's work and gesture towards some critical problems it raises. Characterizing his own transcendental materialism again and again as Hegelian, never a Schellingian project, Žižek belies his overt reliance on texts such as Schelling's Philosophical Investigations into the Essence of Human Freedom and the Ages of the World for the development of his own theory of the psychoanalytical subject. What I propose, therefore, is to read Žižek against Žižek in order to demonstrate the complex intwining of Schellingian ontology and Hegelian logic at the core of Žižek's own thinking. -- Žižek turns to German Idealist tradition in order to give a nonreductive materialist account of the emergence of the psychoanalytical subject. In the end, however, his reactualization of German Idealism intensifies the conceptual paradoxes underlying Lacanian psychoanalysis, rather them solving them. Žižek's fusion of Schelling and Hegel points to a possibly fatal ambivalence in Lacan's conception of the Real: Is it that which precedes and exceeds consciousness, or a pure lack that only represents itself through the breakdowns of the Symbolic? I will argue that Žižek's hybridism of Schelling and Hegel is unable to resolve this issue and thus calls us to return to German Idealism to understand what is truly at stake in the Schelling-Hegel conflict.


identifier: Faux, Brittany <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Faux=3ABrittany=3A=3A.html>   (2010) The relationship between vision and memory in older adults.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In older adults, a relationship has been found between the cognitive, visual, and auditory performance. Three hypotheses proposed to explain this relationship are: the Common Cause Hypothesis, the Speed Hypothesis, and the Information Degradation Hypothesis. In the present study, adults aged 58 to 85, completed visually presented tests of free recall word lists, forward and backward digit span, vocabulary, and speed of processing. Hearing and vision were also tested. Vision was expected to be a stronger predictor for unrelated than related free recall lists, due to increased demands of the task. Contrast sensitivity, but not visual acuity, was related to free recall performance. Hearing correlated with forward and backward digit span performance. These results offer partial support for the Information Degradation and Common Cause hypotheses, but not the Speed Hypothesis and demonstrate that the impact of sensory decline may depend on the demands of the task.


identifier: Cranston, Brittany <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cranston=3ABrittany=3A=3A.html>   (2009) The stress gradient hypothesis : plant facilitation at the forest-tundra transition (Mealy Mountains, Labrador, Canada).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Facilitative interactions (Stress Gradient Hypothesis) at the Forest-Tundra (F-T) Transition zone around the globe have yet to be evaluated. As climate warms, the balance between facilitation and competition shifts, allowing species to expand their ranges. This study investigates the rote of nurse shrubs ( Betula glandulosa [dwarf birch], and Vaccinium uliginosum [bilberry]) in facilitating recruitment of Picea mariana and P. glauca (black and white spruce) in the boreal F-T Transition zone. Treatments were designed to disentangle the roles of nurse height, shade, and nurse canopy removal by herbivores in determining recruitment success. Seeds germinated at temperatures 5°C below the minimum required for germination in the open and at significantly greater levels (20% ± 6.12 of P. mariana and 12% ± 2.8 of P. Glauca ) compared with the non-shrub reference site (0.5%) and previous studies. Treatments generally had negligible effects on growth, but nurse litter increased levels of soil calcium, suggesting a weak net positive association. If viable seed is available, shrubs will facilitate recruitment. The balance between competition and facilitation is highly site dependent, and cannot be generalized over larger spatial scales. Understanding how species interactions are affected by regional climate change is critical for predicting range expansion of boreal trees.


identifier: Young, Barbara Ann <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Young=3ABarbara_Ann=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus maze produced by kindling and low frequency stimulation of the basolateral amygdala.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Low frequency stimulation (LFS) has been shown to reverse long term potentiation (LTP) and block kindled seizures. Based on the premise that kindling-induced long term potentiation (LTP) in right basolateral amygdala (BLA) circuits increases anxiety, LFS should reverse kindling-induced anxious behavior. Ninety male Wistar rats were kindled in the right BLA to 4 stage 5 seizures, then administered right or bilateral BLA-LFS for 7 days. Kindling decreased open arm behavior and risk assessment in the elevated plus maze relative to control. Right LFS had no effect on behavior or seizures. Bilateral LFS increased open arm behavior and risk assessment to control levels on day 1, but did not block seizures. Risk assessment but not open arm behavior remained elevated 3 weeks later. Based on a study showing that amygdala LFS produces facilitation unless primed, it was concluded that the unprimed right BLA-LFS facilitated an already robust LTP, having a negligible effect on behavior and seizures. Unprimed left BLA-LFS, however, combined with seizure spread from kindling to produce a potentiation of the left BLA. As left BLA kindling is known to be anxiolytic, this would oppose the effect of right BLA kindling.


identifier: Mandal, Soma <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mandal=3ASoma=3A=3A.html>   (2001) A study of EGF-mediated early and late signaling events in relation to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity in the human breast cancer cell line, MDA 468.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The human breast cancer cell line, MDA 468 overexpresses the epidermal growth factor receptor, the EGFR to 1-2 x 10⁶ receptors per cell. Receptor phosphorylation influences the EGF-mediated signaling events initiated at the cell surface. In this study we used a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PTK) to study the effects of inhibition of EGFR kinase activity on EGF-dependent effects on phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover, cell viability, and cell proliferation. -- In the initial phase of the study, we tested some of the frequently used PTK inhibitors for their ability to inhibit the EGF-stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation. MDA 468 cells exhibited a differential sensitivity to inhibition of receptor autophosphorylation with these PTK inhibitors. Of the inhibitors tested, only the dihydroxybenzene moiety containing inhibitor lavendustin A (LA) effectively inhibited (~ 95% at 1 μM) the EGF-stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation in intact cells and in crude membrane preparations in a time and dose dependent manner. Exposure of cells to 1 μM LA beyond 10 h caused morphological changes such as nuclear condensation and membrane blebbing. Morphological changes and occurrence of a subdiploid peak at higher concentrations are consistent with the fact that LA produced cell death by apoptosis. -- Earlier experiments from this laboratory had shown that EGF stimulates an increase in the total PI turnover and that a major portion of the metabolites was being converted to a component whose elution time did not correspond to the that of the elution times of non-cyclic inositol phosphates. This is an outcome of EGF- stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation. This metabolite was acid-labile and comprised over 50% of the PI turnover components in control untreated cells. Treatment of cells with EGF increased the levels of this component, while 1 μM LA treatment decreased it. Using the technique of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, we identified this metabolite to be myo-inositol 1,2-(cyclic) monophosphate (cIP) through the specific fragmentation pattern as compared to the standard. Change in the total PI turnover by stimulation (with EGF) or inhibition (with LA) of EGFR phosphorylation could be entirely accounted for by alterations in the percentage of cIP generated by these cells. This type of PI turnover profile is atypical and unlike that generated by phospholipase C-γ. cIP is the major constituent of EGF-stimulated PI turnover and it is the metabolite which is most closely linked to changes in phosphorylation of EGFR in MDA 468 cells. -- MDA 468 cells are growth inhibited by 10⁻⁸ M EGF between 48-72 h of exposure. Previous work has shown that this growth inhibition is due to a pronounced G₁ growth arrest. Using a PTK inhibitor we hoped to see how changes in this relationship would affect the proliferative response in MDA 468 cells. At 0.2 μM, LA reduced cell proliferation (as estimated by cell number) and DNA synthesis ([³H]-thymidine uptake). Growth inhibition was accompanied by perturbations in the cell cycle. LA, EGF, and EGF+LA produced a pronounced G₁ arrest. LA and EGF+LA-induced arrest was reversed 24 h after their removal, but EGF-treated cells showed a more persistent arrest. MDA 468 cells possess the p53²⁷³·His mutant, which positively enhances cell proliferation, but it transforms into an alternate "pseudo-wild type" conformation during EGF-mediated G₁ arrest as demonstrated by previous work in this laboratory. In fact, p53 in cells treated with EGF, LA, or both, showed an altered subcellular localization at 24 h. The p53 in the nucleus lost reactivity to PAb 240 (it reacts with mutant p53), but reacted positively to PAb 1620 (it reacts with wild-type p53). This altered conformational shift of p53²⁷³·His from mutant to wild-type was also accompanied by a strong nuclear localization of p21WAF1/CIP1 and an absence of nuclear localization of cyclin dependent kinase 2 (cdk2). Thus we hypothesize a role of p53²⁷³·His dependent participation of p21WAF1/CIP1 and cdk2 in G₁ arrest in response to EGF, LA alone or both in combination. The augmented growth inhibitory response in presence of both EGF and LA is intriguing and is probably indicative of a segregated relationship between receptor phosphorylation and proliferative response. -- In this study we provide evidence of EGF-dependent changes associated with phosphorylation in the levels of an unusual PI metabolite, whose levels cause changes in total PI turnover. Apparently, this receptor phosphorylation-mediated changes in cIP during short-term exposure do not correlate with changes in proliferative response. Time and concentration dependent inhibition of receptor kinase activity by LA is reflected in later times by growth inhibition. Furthermore, the data presented suggests a function of p53²⁷³·His in growth arrest.


identifier: Gale, Theresa Marie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gale=3ATheresa_Marie=3A=3A.html>   (1998) An ethnographic study of five teaching principals in small rural schools in Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The duties and responsibilities that rural teaching principals encounter on a daily basis are as complex and varied as they are challenging. Little research has been conducted on teaching principals in the Newfoundland and Labrador context; thus it remains an area worthy of continued study. Five teaching administrators were selected from various geographical locations around the province whose schools primarily have a population of less than one hundred pupils. The intent was to ascertain the responsibilities, duties, challenges and frustrations of these individuals and to examine them separately and in context with each other in relation to the literature review. -- Five teaching administrators were interviewed separately on such topics as the characteristics of their respective school, whether the small pupil enrolment and staff mediated the combined role, the extent of their duties and responsibilities, the perceived advantages and challenges they encounter, and their level of satisfaction. Interviews were conducted in person (where possible) or via telephone and were recorded with their permission. The participants themselves were direct and forthright in their responses for the most part while two were notably guarded in respect to questions pertaining to their relationships with their school board and their level of job satisfaction. -- One of these five participants was observed in his school over a day and a half. The observation was instrumental in that it provided the researcher a better understanding of the duties and responsibilities in the role, especially the workload involved. This participant observation essentially provided a reference point for clarifying and examining the interviews. -- This ethnographic study incorporates case study as the primary strategy through interviews whereas participant observation is the secondary strategy. The study examined the findings from two perspectives, essentially employing Yin's model. Individual cases were thoroughly described and a cross case analysis was conducted to determine similarities and differences within the data collected as well as with the literature review. -- Much of the research pertaining to teaching principals was conducted in the United States and Western Canada but the participants involved in this study both supported and refuted the findings in the literature. The literature suggests, for example, various reasons which contribute to the level of job satisfaction. These include the close relationship with the community, the prestige inherent in the position, and being able to shape (even in a small way) the school's destiny. Job security was the prominent reason for job satisfaction in this study while familiarity with the community and solid professional relationships with fellow teachers and students were second and third reasons. -- Other points arose from the research, one of which noted that administrators saw themselves as a teacher first. High levels of frustration were also noted, particularly in respect to paperwork and being far removed from the decision making body. -- This ethnographic study provides an insight into the lives of five individuals; a glimpse into their daily duties, their challenges, their sources of frustration as well as their sources of satisfaction. It is hoped that this one study will encourage others to continue research in this virtually unexplored territory.


identifier: Torraville, Margaret Ann <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Torraville=3AMargaret_Ann=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Adolescent suicidal behaviours : a phenomenological study of mothers' experiences.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: An adolescent exhibiting suicidal behaviours has a devastating impact on his or her mother, but unfortunately the mother's suffering is often a hidden dimension in the family. At present there is a considerable dearth of research into the maternal experience of living with a suicidal adolescent. -- The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe and enhance the understanding of what life is like for mothers living with a suicidal adolescent. The participants included six mothers living with a suicidal adolescent. The data were collected by means of unstructured interviews. Thematic analysis utilizing van Manen's (1997) methodology, identified six themes: (1) failure as a good mother- "Where did I go wrong?" (2) the ultimate rejection- "Is dying more attractive then living with your mother?" (3) alone in the struggle- "You really have to live through it to know" (4) helplessness and powerlessness in the struggle- "It's out of my control" (5) cautious parenting- "It's like walking on eggshells" (6) keeping an emotional distance- "I won't get dependent on your company." The total picture of the mothers' experiences is an interconnection and intertwining of the themes and from this the essence "multiple loss and unresolved grief" was captured. -- The findings of this qualitative study have implications for nursing education, practice, and research. In the provision of quality family-centered care, nurses can be educated and guided in their interventions by phenomenological research recognizing the importance of the maternal perspective in the experience of living with an adolescent exhibiting suicidal behaviours.


identifier: Greening, Dawna Rae <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Greening=3ADawna_Rae=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Automated selection and entry of computed tomography data in finite element modelling of the human femur.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Researchers in the Biomedical Engineering Centre (BEC) at Memorial University of Newfoundland are studying the structural and biomechanical properties of the human femur in order to better model and test hip prostheses. The advent of computed tomography (CT) technology has allowed researchers to visualize and use 3D anatomical data for such studies. In an attempt to generate realistic and useful 3D computer models of the human femur, BEC researchers have been using geometric and densimetric data from CT imagery to construct finite element models. Initial construction methods required manual input and manipulation of the data. This proved tedious and labour intensive. -- The aim of this project was to reduce user involvement and develop a software package to automate the model building process. By simplifying the procedure, it is hoped that users will be able to build models quickly and easily with minimal training in modelling software. Software modules were developed using several languages and run on a personal computer networked to a UNIX system. The software reads and translates CT data, detects and tracks the inner and outer edges of the femoral cortical bone, and selects equidistant points along these edges which define the geometry. This geometric data. combined with densimetric data in the form of CT numbers, is used to generate input files for the ANSYS finite element modelling package, which generates a solid volume model of the femur used for further testing. -- With restricted access to specimens and CT scanning facilities, testing of the software was limited throughout the course of this project. In view of the small test base, the results must be interpreted with caution, but preliminary results are encouraging. Compared with manual procedures used prior to this project, user involvement and the time needed to generate a model are dramatically reduced. The models are smoother in appearance and are easier to mesh. Direct measurement comparisons between true edges, and manually and automatically selected model edges indicate that the automated models are equal, if not superior, to those generated using the manual technique.


identifier: Carter, Sandra Marie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Carter=3ASandra_Marie=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Alcohol consumption patterns and employment status during a period of economic uncertainty.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Alcohol overuse has been implicated in individual / family dysfunction and high health care costs. Controversy exists regarding whether unemployment poses a risk indicator for increasing alcohol consumption. An economic framework postulates that drinking will decrease upon unemployment due to economic constraint. A psychosocial framework indicates that drinking will increase upon unemployment as a result of increased stress. -- This descriptive design utilized a secondary analysis of data from the health section of a large interdisciplinary study. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether there were differences in drinking patterns by employment status in a random sample (N=564) of participants residing in the Bonavista Headland and the Isthmus of the Avalon Peninsula upon the closure of the Atlantic cod fishery. Theoretical triangulation was used to investigate which framework (economic or psychosocial), if any, best explained alcohol consumption. One strength of this study was that it measured economic strain, psychological stress, and the use of alcohol to cope with stress as potential key moderating factors for alcohol consumption. Previous research has suggested that these are important moderating factors. Alcohol use was measured using standardized criteria and data were analyzed to identify both differences in general alcohol patterns as well as in the presence of "at-risk" drinking. -- The study found no significant difference in alcohol consumption by employment status; whether among the total sample or the subsample of drinkers only. However, findings suggested that the unemployed tended to drink more frequently and in higher quantities than their employed counterparts. There were very few "at-risk" drinkers in either employment grouping. Although there may be no association between alcohol consumption and employment status, differences may have been masked by a culture of low alcohol consumption, high stress levels by both the unemployed and the employed, or a lack of reliance on alcohol to cope with stress. Implications for nursing practice, education, and research are presented.


identifier: Power, Kimberly Ann <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Power=3AKimberly_Ann=3A=3A.html>   (2001) A career exploration program for junior high students with learning disabilities.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Career development has increasingly received attention in the literature and the education sphere. Career development planning for learning disabled students, however, has been largely overlooked. Learning disabled individuals need to develop a greater understanding, acceptance and knowledge of themselves in order to facilitate their own career development. Career exploration should begin early and continue as a life-long process. This project attempts to address the topic of career development for learning disabled students. The paper has been organised in the following manner: the purpose, rationale, background, definition of key terms, and a description of the project have been outlined in Chapter One. Pertinent literature has been reviewed in Chapter Two. The career development modules have been outlined and described in Chapter Three. These modules include: orientation, self-awareness, looking at your disability, career awareness, researching careers, and making decisions. Each module has specific goals and activities aimed at facilitating self knowledge and knowledge about the world of work. The overall objective of this project was to highlight the importance of career development planning for learning disabled students in junior high school. A sample curriculum has been presented to facilitate the flexible delivery of career development planning for this target group. The programming may be delivered in a group or classroom format. It can be infused into the existing curriculum over a period of six to ten weeks, one to two hours per day, or over a semester twice a week. The program emphasizes strengths and de-emphasizes weaknesses as part of a collaborative approach involving students, parents, school, and community. With appropriate supports and accommodations, learning disabled students can experience success in all aspects of their lives.


identifier: Murtiadi, Suryawan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Murtiadi=3ASuryawan=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Behavior of high-strength concrete plates under impact loading.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: High-strength concrete plates are frequently used in various structural engineering systems and varieties of civil engineering applications. A research program was carried out at Memorial University of Newfoundland to investigate the behavior of high-strength concrete two-way plates subjected to impact loading. The research program included both experimental investigation and numerical investigation. -- The current research includes an experimental investigation on sixteen concrete plates with dimension of 950x950 mm and 100-mm thickness. The plates were supported by a special frame designed for this investigation. The support frame is made from concrete and steel with free opening of 700x700 mm. Normal-strength and high-strength concrete plates were tested under two end conditions, i.e. fixed and simply supported. All of the specimens were two-way reinforced plates with reinforcement ratio that varied from 1%-2.5% in tension face and 0.7%-0.8% in compression face . A rigid projectile was used to apply the impact load to the tested reinforced concrete specimens. The rigid projectile was a solid steel cylinder with 220-kg mass and 304.5 mm diameter contact area. The projectile was dropped from a variable height of up to 4 m. An accelerometer with ± 200-g capacity was attached to the cylinder steel to record the actual test acceleration. A data acquisition system based on a personal computer acquired the data at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. The structural behavior with respect to displacement, concrete and steel strains, failure mode, and energy absorption were examined. The effect of dynamic loading, concrete strength, reinforcement ratio, and support patterns were the test parameters. -- A numerical investigation was conducted to evaluate the test results with respect to the North American code and some European design codes. A linear elastic fracture mechanics impact load expression was used to evaluate the effect of rate of loading on the dynamic behavior of high-strength concrete plates. Based on the experimental test results it has been found that the punching failures of the impact loading were about twice the static punching shear capacity. The critical velocities of perforation can be estimated accurately for all high-strength concrete specimens according to CEB dynamic code expression. The ratio of impact versus static fracture energy for high-strength concrete plate was found to be much higher than that for normal-strength concrete. Therefore, high-strength concrete plates are considered to be more efficient than normal-strength concrete plates under impact loading.


identifier: Stepanek, Heidi J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stepanek=3AHeidi_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) An examination of folk-music-inspired composition in Canada through an analysis of settings of "Dans tous les cantons".  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines the ways in which Canadian composers have utilized folk music. This practice can be traced back to the emergence of widespread interest among the elite classes in vernacular art and culture in Europe and figures most prominently in trends of romantic nationalism. Through a detailed analysis of seven settings of the French Canadian folksong "Dans tous les cantons," I seek to discover answers to three main questions: What reasons do composers give for the utilization of folk materials? What source musics have they used in this process? How have they musically manipulated these materials? -- The first chapter examines the European roots of the techniques of utilizing folk music in "art" music composition. The second chapter outlines the motivations and attitudes which led to the development of the use of folksong in art music composition in Canada. The third chapter deals with the specific Canadian utilizations of folksong in art music composition. The final two chapters of the thesis concentrate on the French-Canadian folksong "Dans tous les cantons" and the detailed analysis of seven settings of it. In chronological order, these are: Sir Ernest MacMillan's "Dans tous les cantons=In all the Country Round" (1928), Alfred Whitehead's "In all the Country Round" (1939), Maurice Dela's "Dans tous les cantons!" (1949), Violet Archer's "Music Everywhere=Dans tous les cantons" (1953), Richard Johnson's "Dans tous les cantons" (1964), Morris Surdin's "Dans tous les cantons" (1970), and Howard Cable's "Dans tous les cantons" (1979). -- In the fourth chapter, the social and cultural dimensions of the seven composers are examined. Contextual biographies are given for each, exploring their philosophies on the use of this musical practice. The fifth chapter examines the music itself and how the composers have manipulated the original song. Issues pertaining to the differences in these various instrumental and vocal settings are discussed in detail.


identifier: Hann, Peggy L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hann=3APeggy_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) A comparison of two methods of teaching word recognition to kindergarten students.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Recent studies have suggested that teaching methods which emphasize letter-sound associations are important to beginning readers. The current study tested a Spelling-drill and a Sentence-practice method of reading instruction, and investigated factors which are correlated with word recognition ability in thirty-six kindergarten students. It was hypothesized that the Spelling-drill Group would perform better than the Sentence-practice Group. -- The experiment was completed over four sessions. In the first session, a battery of tests was administered: the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - Revised (PPVT - R), the Rosner Auditory Analysis Test, a Rapid Automatized Naming Task (RAN), an Auditory and a Semantic Word Retrieval Task, and a Pretest of the words that were taught and tested during the experiment. For the second and third sessions, subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups, a Spelling-drill Group, taught sixteen target words by a drill method, or a Sentence-practice Group, taught the same sixteen words by a sentence-context method. A spelling test of the target words was given at the end of each training session. During session four, all subjects were tested to determine recognition of target, incidental (words embedded in sentences that were not explicitly taught), and transfer (new words from the same family that had not been taught) words. The Wide Range Achievement Test - Revised (WRAT - R) was also administered during the final session. -- The mean number of words recognized was higher for the Spelling-drill Group, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, when groups were restricted to subjects who knew all the letters of the alphabet on the RAN task, the Spelling-drill Group, as predicted, identified significantly more target words than did the Sentence-practice Group. The Spelling-drill Group spelled more words correctly and identified more target and transfer words than did the Sentence-practice Group. The results suggest that a drill method that teaches about sounds that letters make by using repetitions of words from the same family is an effective method of teaching both early word recognition and spelling. -- Previous findings that word recognition correlates with the Rosner, PPVT, and the RAN were replicated. As predicted, both phonological awareness measures, the Rosner and auditory retrieval, were found to be significantly positively correlated with the reading measures.


identifier: Mehrotra, Prashant <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mehrotra=3APrashant=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Artificial neural networks in induction motor speed estimation and control.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The squirrel-cage induction motor has various inherent advantages not present in other types of ac motors, and is widely used in the industry. Its usage is expected to go up because of possible applications like electric vehicles, which require a light and efficient motor drive. However, the induction motor has a complex and non-linear structure which makes precise control a complicated and expensive process. Added to this complexity is the fact that the motor parameters undergo a variation during regular operation, chiefly due to a change in temperature and nonlinear magnetic characteristics. This variation reduces the efficacy of the control technique, though its effect can be mitigated with the help of robust control techniques. Also, most control techniques require speed feedback from a shaft encoder and these devices have various disadvantages and are considered undesirable for a number of applications. Thus, present day research in this area is mostly focussed on obtaining speed sensorless and robust induction motor drives. -- Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have shown great promise in image processing and control applications where robustness is desirable. However, these are at the stage of infancy in the area of induction motor control. The ability of ANNs to map arbitrary nonlinear functions has been used to advantage by many researchers. The motivation behind this work was to investigate the possibility of using ANNs to eventually come up with an ANN based sensorless induction motor drive. This central idea was broken down into two major components - speed estimation of induction motors using ANNs, and control of induction motors using ANNs. Both these areas have attracted attention in recent years, though very little work has been done so far. Because of the complexity of the problem, researchers have been unable to come up with a satisfactory solution. -- This work makes an important contribution to the area of induction motor drives, by presenting for the first time, off-line trained ANN speed estimators. Using the d-q axis dynamic equations of the squirrel-cage induction motor, four methods are proposed whereby an ANN is trained off-line to estimate the speed of the motor. The results presented in the thesis indicate that the proposed schemes are able to track the speed under load variations. The effectiveness and superiority of the fourth method is further demonstrated under vector control conditions in the presence of an inverter. This method has also been experimentally verified. -- A novel strategy for control of induction motors using just one off-line trained ANN is also presented. The control strategy employs the magnitude and frequency of the d-q axis quantities to simplify the off-line training of the ANN and allow the ANN to mimic a vector controller. This scheme has the added benefit that subsequent
to off-line training, the ANN can be on-line trained for improved performance and
robustness, though it can function well without any on-line training also. Simulation
results show that after off-line training the ANN is able to run the induction motor
for various changes in speed reference and load torque, and the network is able to generalize effectively. Further simulation results are presented to show the robustness of the control strategy under induction motor parameter variation when the ANN controller is functioning under on-line control. An off-line trained ANN is particularly useful for real-time implementation, because of the reduced computational burden. -- Though the problem of obtaining a robust and sensorless induction motor drive is by no means completely solved, the results obtained as part of this work point in a promising direction.


identifier: Edwards, Nicole M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Edwards=3ANicole_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Abnormal birth weight among term gestation infants in Newfoundland and Labrador : trends and determinants.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Birth registration data were used to describe birth weight trends for term singletons born to residents of Newfoundland and Labrador from 1992-2005, and identify maternal and neighbourhood-level risk factors for high and low birth weight outcomes. A significant decrease in low birth weight from 1992 to 1995 was accompanied by significant increases in mean birth weight and high birth weight. Low birth weight was significantly associated with female infants, mothers aged 35+, mothers not legally married, separated, widowed or divorced, mothers living in neighbourhoods in the lowest socioeconomic status decile, mothers having less than high school education, hypertension, and smoking during pregnancy. High birth weight was significantly associated with parity, education beyond high school, and mothers who were anemic or had insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Rates of high birth weight will likely continue to rise given current trends.


identifier: Atkins, Audrey E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Atkins=3AAudrey_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) A survey of availability, range and usage of alcohol education resources in Newfoundland and Labrador junior high schools.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Alcohol has been reported as the drug most commonly used by students in Newfoundland and Labrador Schools. Alcohol consumption is occurring with students in both urban and rural areas. This study sought to examine the range of resources in Newfoundland and Labrador junior high schools that are aimed at educating children about alcohol and at preventing alcohol abuse. It also looked at the methods that the schools were using to deal with alcohol-related problems which adolescents are experiencing and at the priority assigned to alcohol education in urban, as contrasted to rural areas. -- A 23 item questionnaire was developed by the author and completed by 84 educators from 30 rural and 16 urban junior high schools. The results indicated that most schools are equipped with alcohol education resources. Using videos dealing with alcohol issues was frequently listed as one of the main prevention methods. Overall, the amount of time spent on alcohol education was typically one to three hours throughout the school year. The results indicate that the alcohol education program in most schools has not been given the special attention that is deemed by the author to be needed. A comprehensive list of resource materials that might be used in alcohol education prevention programs was developed.


identifier: Zhao, Xianghong <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Zhao=3AXianghong=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Automated image analysis for petrographic image assessments.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis, the algorithms developed for an automated image analysis toolkit called PetrograFX for petrographic image assessments, particularly thin section images, are presented. These algorithms perform two main functions, porosity determination and quartz grain measurements. For porosity determination, the pore space is segmented using a seeded region growing scheme in color space where the seeds are generated automatically based on the absolute R - B differential image. The porosity is then derived by pixel-counting to identify the pore space regions. For quartz grain measurements, adaptive thresholding is applied to make the system robust to the color variations in the entire image for the segmentation of the quartz grains. Median filtering and blob analysis are used to remove lines of fluid inclusions, which appear as black speckles and spots, on the quartz grains before the subsequent measurement operations are performed. The distance transformation and watershed transformation are then performed to separate connected objects. A modified watershed transformation is developed to eliminate false watersheds based on the physical nature of quartz grains. Finally, the grain are characterized in terms of NSD, which is the nominal sectional diameter, NSD distribution and sorting.


identifier: Penney, Kimberley <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Penney=3AKimberley=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Anatomy of junior high science textbooks : a content analysis of textual characteristics.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the textual characteristics of junior high science textbooks, focusing on text type, truth status, metalanguage use, scientific status and role in scientific reasoning. Two textbook series were selected for analysis. Samples, representing ten percent of a life science and a physical science unit, were randomly selected from each textbook and analyzed. Popular reports of science were similarly analyzed to provide a comparative base. -- The general findings are: (1) the text type is overwhelmingly expository with no evidence of argumentation; (2) both forms of scientific writing are largely written as "true," but textbooks present scientific knowledge as less textured and more "true"; (3) textbooks have only one-third the metalanguage use of popular reports of science; and (4) the majority of statements are facts or conclusions. The differences found between the two forms of scientific writing are discussed in light of the goal of scientific literacy.


identifier: Fleet, Beverly Ann <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Fleet=3ABeverly_Ann=3A=3A.html>   (1998) A survey of Newfoundland and Labrador's post-secondary instructors and their employers regarding their views of the importance of pre-service teacher training for post-secondary instructors.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study examined two different groups employed in the post-secondary education sector in Newfoundland and Labrador, instructors and their employers, regarding their views of the importance of pre-service teacher preparation for post-secondary instructors prior to the commencement of teaching. As well, it examined the views of those same groups according to geographical sector; east, central, west, or north. The study also sought to identify the nature of pre-service training, if any, that was deemed important by these same groups. -- Using a geographical cluster method, in which the Province was sectioned into four geographical sectors, east, central, west and north, and a single college as a cluster within each sector, a survey sample of 20% of the total population of instructors (n = 235) and 37% of the total population of employers (n = 31) was drawn using a table of random numbers. A total of 26 colleges, 116 instructors, and 18 employers participated in the study. -- The survey was conducted using a mail-out questionnaire. The instructor questionnaire contained a total of 53 items and the employer questionnaire a total of 47. The questionnaires were composed often open-ended items, six closed items (on the instructor questionnaire only) and a series of 37 items that asked the individual to respond on a five-point Likert-type scale. The 37 items were grouped into nine categories that corresponded to different areas of teacher training. -- There were no significant differences found between the views of instructors and employers across the Province, with both instructors and employers having the view that pre-service teacher training for post-secondary instructors has importance. -- The means for each section of the questionnaire were slightly different which indicated some areas of pre-service training were considered more important than others. The area given the most importance was "Lesson Presentation Skills". -- There was a significant difference in the views of instructors and employers towards pre-service teacher training for post-secondary instructors among the different geographical sectors, with the west sector generally placing less importance on it than their counterparts in the east, central and north sectors. -- The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are that pre-service teacher training for post-secondary instructors has importance. Therefore, it is recommended that instructors obtain teacher training before entering the classroom. As well, there were differences between geographical sectors with regards to views regarding the importance of pre-service teacher training. Therefore, further research into why this disparity exists should be conducted.


identifier: English, Tracy M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/English=3ATracy_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Big wages, glorious climate and situations guaranteed : a study of the migration of Irish women to Great Britain for the period 1861 to 1911.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study is an attempt to bridge the gap in Irish migration history. While there are numerous studies completed that explain the migration of Irish men and women to North America and Canada, there have been few studies written that illustrate the reasons for the migration of hundreds of thousands of Irish women to Great Britain. These women are an anomaly in migration history. Unlike Jewish and Italian migrants, Irish women did not migrate as part of a family, nor did they migrate solely to benefit the family financially. This difference was recognized by historians as early as 1885, but has never been studied in earnest. This is surprising when it is remembered that the Irish were the largest immigrant population in Great Britain in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. -- Using the records for the period 1861 to 1911, this study shows where Irish women settled in Great Britain. The few studies completed on the Irish in Britain assume that Irish women followed their male counterparts to the large urban areas. This work shows that while some Irish women did indeed settle in the industrial areas and large cities, a surprising number settled in rural towns and villages. This thesis outlines the historiography of the Irish in Britain, discusses the socio-economic position of Irish women in Ireland and in America to determine why women often saw emigration as their only viable option, and looks at what marriage and fertility patterns were recreated in their new homelands. As well, this work analyses what types of job opportunities were available for Irish women at home and in America to determine if this was an economically motivated migration. Finally, this work shows where Irish women settled in Britain and determines why they settled in certain areas. -- In addition to the published census reports, the evidence used to study Irish women includes the government inquiries into the Irish, the accounts of social commentators including Henry Mayhew and Friedrich Engels, and a wide variety of secondary sources.


identifier: Mo, Bilan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mo=3ABilan=3A=3A.html>   (2000) 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis and altered expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins in a model system for multistage cervical carcinogenesis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer among women in the world. It develops by a multistage pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of cervical carcinogenesis remains unclear. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, has received widespread attention during the past decade due to its essential role as an effective defense against the emergence of cancer. Anticancer agents are effective through the induction of apoptosis specifically in cancer cells. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used, effective anticancer drug. In addition, our laboratory has developed a model system for multistage cervical carcinogenesis. To obtain a better understanding of how the progression of cervical cancer may occur in women, we studied whether and how 5-FU may differentially induce apoptosis in the multiple cellular stages. -- To determine whether 5-FU induces apoptosis in our multistage model system composed of primary human ectocervical cells (HEC), HPV 18-immortalized HEC (HEC-18), and CSC-transformed HEC-18 cells (HEC-18T), we treated these cells with 5-FU. 5-FU induced apoptosis in HEC, HEC-18, and HEC-18T, as evidenced by morphologic changes, DNA ladder formation, and flow cytometry analysis. Growth inhibition assay results further indicated that 5-FU-induced apoptosis occurred in a dose-and time-dependent manner. In addition, comparison of HEC with HEC-18 and HEC-18T revealed that both of the latter cell lines were less sensitive to 5-FU-induced apoptosis than HEC when cultured in serum-free medium KGM. However, a higher level apoptosis induced by 5-FU was observed when HEC-18 and HEC-18T were grown in serum-containing medium DMEM compared with KGM. -- The expression level of apoptosis-regulating proteins without treatment with apoptotic stimuli is known to correlate with the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis. To examine whether such a correlation exists in our model system for multistage cervical carcinogenesis, a panel of apoptosis-regulating proteins was analyzed by Western blot analysis without 5-FU treatment. The results revealed that the levels of pro-apoptotic p53, Bak, and Bax proteins were lower in HEC-18 and HEC-18T compared to those in HEC, whereas anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and BAG-1 p33 isoform, but not Bcl-xL and BAG-1 p50, p46 and p29, were found in enhanced levels. These findings suggest that immortalization by HPV 18 results in decreased sensitivity to 5-FU-induced apoptosis, possibly due to underexpression of pro-apoptotic proteins and overexpression of specific anti-apoptotic proteins. On the other hand, pro-apoptotic p53 and Bax, but not Bak, showed higher expression levels in HEC-18 and HEC-18T in DMEM than KGM, whereas anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, but not Bcl-xL and BAG-1 isoforms, was lower in expression. These findings suggest that the two media differentially affect the sensitivity of cells to 5-FU-induced apoptosis, possibly involving the overexpression of p53 and Bax pro-apoptotic proteins and underexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. -- Apoptosis is of special interest for chemotherapy for human cancers. Extensive studies have been performed towards the understanding of the mechanism for the initiation of apoptosis. Various apoptosis-regulating proteins have been identified and studied. To investigate whether the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins is involved in the initiation of apoptosis induced by 5-FU treatment, a panel of such proteins was assayed by Western blot analysis in 5-FU-treated HEC-18 and HEC-18T grown in DMEM. Of the apoptosis-regulating and related proteins, p53, p53 target proteins p21 and PCNA but not MDM-2, and Bak but not Bax displayed enhanced expression, whereas anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and BAG-1, but not Bcl-xL, exhibited decreased expression. These results suggest that the dysregulated expression of certain apoptosis-regulating proteins is involved in the initiation of 5-FU-induced apoptosis. -- Resistance to anticancer agents is the major limitation to chemotherapy for cancers. It has become clear that the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis reflects the sensitivity to being killed by anticancer drugs. Therefore, any method that can increase the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis may be effective in chemotherapeutic strategies. As described above, higher susceptibility of HEC-18 and HEC-18T to 5-FU-induced apoptosis was observed when the medium used was DMEM instead of KGM. To study in more detail methods to increase susceptibility to apoptosis, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) or elevated Ca²⁺ concentration was employed to study the factors involved in the difference between susceptibility to apoptosis in KGM versus DMEM. Both HEC-18 and HEC-18T exhibited more apoptosis induction by 5-FU treatment when they were cultured in KGM plus LDL than in only KGM or KGM plus Ca²⁺. This suggests that elevated delivery of 5-FU may play an important role in the differential sensitivity to apoptosis in the two media. Furthermore, both Western blot analysis and flow cytometry results showed that differential expression of LDL receptor on cell surfaces was not involved in the differential apoptotic response. -- In summary, this study showed that 5-FU induces apoptosis in our model system for multistage cervical carcinogenesis, discovered that expression level changes of apoptosis-regulating proteins correlate with sensitivity changes of cells to 5-FU-induced apoptosis, implied how 5-FU-induced apoptosis might be initiated and regulated in human ectocervical cells, and also provided information suggesting a feasible approach for clinical application of 5-FU in cervical cancer chemotherapy.