title:
Regulation of genes associated with avian B cell receptors involved in innate and adaptive
immunity

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan Carlos (Thesis advisor)

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan Carlos (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hanna, Paul (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bate, Luis (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Martin, Chelsea (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan Carlos (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Bate, Luis (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Lewis, Jeff (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Careem, Faizal (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 198 application/pdf

abstract:
Epigenetics is a group of mechanisms associated with gene expression control. One of these
mechanisms is methylation of cytosines which are part of a cytosine-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide.
When this happens in the promoter region of a gene, it will control unwanted expression. For this
process to take place, a methyl group donor is needed. One of the principal nutritional compounds that
fit this role is folic acid (FA).
 Our aim in this research was to examine whether exposure to FA would change the methylation
profile and expression of toll like receptor (TLR) 2, immunoglobulin (Ig) β and major
histocompatibility class (MHC) II β chain in chicken B cells.
 The initial experiment used the chicken B cell derived DT-40 cell line. Cell cultures were incubated
with 0, 1.72 or 3.96 mM of FA for 4 or 8 hours, with the 8 hour group treated with 0, 1 or 10 µg/ml of
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A positive association was found between FA concentration and percent
of Igβ promoter methylation and a negative association between FA concentration and percent of
MHCII β chain promoter methylation after 4 hours of incubation. The expression of those two genes
was affected as well. Both were downregulated after 8 hours compared to the 4 hours group. Incubation
with 1.72 mM FA for 4 hours upregulated TLR2b and 3.96 mM FA for 4 hours upregulated MHCII β
chain expression. FA at 3.96 mM for 8 hours downregulated TLR2b and upregulated Igβ expression.
Treatment with LPS downregulated TLR2b expression. We concluded that FA indeed has an
immunomodulatory effect on chicken B cells in a way that may possibly affect their ability to both
recognize antigen through the TLR and B cell receptor (BCR) pathways and their ability to present
antigen in an MHCII context.
 A second series of experiments examined the effect of FA on embryonic B cells extracted from the
bursa of Fabricius (BoF) at days (ED) 15, 18 and 21 of embryonic development. A novel protocol was
developed to obtain optimal growth and survival of the cells. The amount of chicken serum in the
growth media was doubled and time of ex vivo culture was determined to ensure that the cells survive
for the duration of the experiment. We found that our modified growth media maintained cells for the
4 hour duration of the experiment. When compared to cells that were not incubated (0 hours), cells
harvested at ED15 and incubated for 4 hours had a lower population of IgMlow/med cells, increased
population of IgMhigh cells and upregulated Igβ expression. When the cells were harvested at ED21
and incubated for 4 hours TLR2b, MHCII β chain as well as the expression of the reduced folate carrier
(RFC), a FA transporter were downregulated compared to 0 hours. Exposure to FA did not have an
effect on cell viability. For cells harvested at ED15 both 1.72 and 3.96 mM FA for 4 hours caused a
downregulation of Igβ and the 3.96 mM treatment reduced the population of IgMmed cells when
compared to these values after 4 hour incubation with no FA (0 mM FA). At ED18 both FA treatments
reduced the IgMmed population and the 1.72 mM FA treatment reduced RFC expression compared to
the 0 mM FA group. At ED21, 3.96 mM FA increased the IgMhigh population. The methylation status
of the promoter region of all examined genes was not affected by either removal of the cells from the
BoF or treatment with FA. In this experiment, we demonstrated the immune modulating capabilities
of FA in the developing B cell, and provided a protocol for maintaining the viability of these cells ex
vivo for longer periods then previously published.


title: Resurrecting the shop: Examining the theory and practice of career and technical education

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor: Tilleczek, Kate (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Srigley, Ron (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tilleczek, Kate (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Srigley, Ron (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McAuley, Alexander (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Penner, Audrey (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 215 application/pdf

abstract: This thesis examines the role of career and technical education (CTE) in the PEI Public School System through a critical ethnography. The research methodology involves 3 key components: (1) a critical textual analysis of 27 documents using a 3-point coding process, (open, axial & selective), to identify key themes, (2) a critical textual analysis of the 2013/14 PEI Program of Studies and Handbooks from the 10 English high schools, (3) a reflective auto-ethnography to provide a vantage point for the analysis and to locate myself as the sole investigator. Using this process I clarify where the discourses on public education marginalize CTE and perpetuate the false dichotomy between thinking and doing. Five themes emerge and are elaborated on: (1) the separation of thinking and doing, (2) the image of CTE, (3) the classification of CTE courses, (4) CTE teacher certification and (5) the need for a CTE philosophy for PEI. The research indicates the separation of thinking and doing is prevalent throughout the documents analysed, often resulting in CTE being presented in a deficit light and intended for students systemically identified as general or practical students. The research also reveals an attempt to define CTE as exploratory without further elaborating on the nature of the programs or the impact on student learning. The thesis concludes by recommending the PEI Department of Education, Early Learning and Culture adopt the sixteen strands of CTE (defined by the Association for Career and Technical Education) which would provide a coherent structure to frame CTE programming in the province and to engage CTE teachers in the development of a provincial philosophy for CTE. The University of Prince Edward Island is also encouraged to promote and encourage further research initiatives connected to CTE through the Faculty of Education.


title: Effects of α7 nicotinic receptors on NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, Andrew (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Doucette, Tracy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Gill, Daphne (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hartwig, Sunny (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Gilmour, Robert (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Reed-Jones, Rebecca (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McConkey, Sandra (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Gill, Daphne (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, Andrew (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 158 application/pdf

abstract:
Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, plays an important role during brain development and physiological functioning throughout life by activation of ionotropic NMDA receptors. However, glutamate is also involved in a pathological process called excitotoxicity, whereby elevated release of glutamate over-activates synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors leading to rapid neuronal cell death. This excitotoxic mechanism is largely responsible for cell death in many neuropathological diseases, including stroke.
Recent literature has suggested an interaction between NMDA receptors and nicotinergic signaling via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs). The potential role of α7 nAChRs in mediating glutamate toxicity, however, is somewhat controversial with reports of α7 nAChRs being both neuroprotective and neurotoxic in certain systems. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effects of co-activation of α7 nAChRs on NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in vitro using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs).
In order to compare the effects of different treatments on cell viability of OHSCs, a standardized method to objectively quantify cell death using the fluorescent dye propidium iodide (PI), a common marker for membrane integrity and cell injury, was developed. Hippocampal subfields were separated sing simple landmarks and PI intensity was quantified by densitometry in 10 template-oriented counting fields.
OHSCs were prepared from postnatal day 5-6 Sprague-Dawley rats according to the membrane interface method and maintained for 13 days. After confirming viability using PI, slices were exposed for 4 hours to varying concentrations of NMDA and PI uptake was quantified after 24 hours in fresh media. Exposure to increasing concentrations of NMDA resulted in a dose-dependent increase in PI fluorescence intensity, an effect found in all hippocampal subfields analysed (dentate gyrus, CA1, and CA3). Furthermore, comparison of PI uptake in the three subfields showed a region-specific vulnerability of the hippocampus to NMDA-mediated cytotoxicity, with the CA1 region being the most sensitive.
To characterize the contribution of α7 nAChRs in NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity, OHSCs were exposed to a combination of NMDA and the specific α7 nAChR agonist choline and the allosteric potentiating ligand galantamine. Results revealed that co-activation of α7 nAChRs does not significantly alter NMDA-induced excitotoxic cell damage in OHSCs as measured by PI uptake. Activation of α7 nAChRs in the absence of NMDA, however, significantly increased cell death in some hippocampal regions, suggesting a possible neurotoxic effect that would require further investigation.


identifier:
ir:5665
Modern Languages
isbn:
doi:

title: La realidad fragmentada en El color que el infierno me escondiera de Carlos Martínez Moreno

publisher: M.A. Thesis. Department of Romance Languages, University of Alberta


identifier: ir:9684 Nursing isbn:

title: Preceptorship experience in the intergenerational context

creator: University of Alberta Nursing (Degree grantor)

subject: preceptorship---- preceptorship------------

abstract: Preceptorship tends to be the teaching/learning method of choice for senior level nursing students engaging in clinical practice because it offers a reality-oriented learning context and fosters professional socialization into the culture of nursing. The pairing of a student with an experienced nurse is an approach to teaching/learning that promotes critical thinking, cultivates practical wisdom, and facilitates competence. In today’s nursing clinical practice settings, there can be up to four distinct generations (Veterans, Baby Boomers, Gen Xers, and Millennials) present and each generation brings its own values and expectations to the teaching/learning process. Exploring the nature of the preceptorship experience in this context is a significant and relevant topic for nursing education and practice. To date, a paucity of research is evident in this area. The purpose of this paper-based thesis is to explore nursing pedagogy in the intergenerational context and more specifically, to examine the preceptorship model of clinical teaching/learning within this context. I begin broadly in the first manuscript with an examination of nursing pedagogy through a generational lens and proffer that nurse educators should begin to engage in a critical discourse regarding the adequacy of current pedagogical practice in relation to meeting the needs and expectations of today’s students, the Millennial Generation. In the second manuscript, I narrow my focus to the preceptorship model of clinical teaching/learning and explore the state of knowledge as it relates to preceptorship in the intergenerational context. In the third manuscript, I explore the phenomenological research methodology with a particular focus on nursing knowledge development. In the fourth manuscript, I reveal the culmination of my dissertation process and report the findings of a phenomenological research study examining the preceptorship experience in the intergenerational context. For the current study, data were generated using unstructured interviews with a purposive sample of preceptors and students recruited from an undergraduate nursing program in eastern Canada. Overall their experience can be described as inclusive of three main themes: being affirmed, and being challenged, along a pedagogical journey.


title: A generalized model of sensory receptor function

contributor:
Opps, Sheldon B. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

format: NO_OBJ electronic application/pdf

abstract: Source type: Print(0)


title: Mothers’ care-seeking journeys for daughters with depression

contributor: Tilleczek, Kate (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Murray, Christina (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Bell, Brandi (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: MacQuarrie, Colleen (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bell, Brandi (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: MacQuarrie, Colleen (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 173 application/pdf

abstract:
Atlantic Canadian mothers’ experiences in seeking and accessing mental health care and support for their adolescent daughters’ depression were explored in this thesis. The care- seeking journeys were depicted through the narratives of seven mothers whose eight daughters accessed the provincial mental health systems and obtained a diagnosis of depression. Qualitative semi-structured interviews and patient journey mapping methods guided data collection to assist in understanding mothers’ experiences in the mental health system, education system, and family life. The interview transcripts and journey maps were analyzed using narrative and thematic analysis and by drawing on critical and feminist theories. The three overarching themes in mothers’ journeys were; a) marginalization and loss of control, b) becoming empowered, and c) hope for the future. Recommendations for improving mothers’ care-seeking experiences in Atlantic Canada were reported, including evidence to enhance continuity of care, increase collaborative team-based supports, and strategize quality mental health education. This research can help to increase awareness and understanding among health care professionals and educators regarding the challenges that mothers face while seeking care for their daughter’s depression, highlighting the need to provide more consistent and collaborative support and conform to a streamlined system to assist in the journeys of Atlantic Canadian mothers and youth.
Keywords: mothering, depression, mental health, care-seeking, qualitative, narrative research, patient journeys, Atlantic Canada


identifier: Reference Identifier: 3350 ISSN/ISBN: 0419-4209

title: Demographic Correlates, Social Relations, and Norms as Determinants of Availability of Adult Children as Potential, Instrumental, and Basic-and-Instrumental Care Providers

title: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences 65 11 4359-A 4360-A United States

subject:
Caregivers
Parent Child Relations
Adult Children
Elderly
Filial Responsibility
Parents
Sociodemographic Characteristics
Norms
Social Relations
Soc Anth

abstract: This dissertation provides a model of complementarity to address the issue of assessing the availability of adult children for parent care. The macro-oriented research indicates the importance of identifying potential care providers, while the micro-oriented research emphasizes the types of actual caregivers, the types of care they provide, and whether or not their social characteristics impact on their being classified as certain types of care providers. Here, consideration of the influences of four social characteristics (gender, employment status, age, and sibling network size) re-frames the problem of assessing the availability of adult children (as potential, instrumental, and basic-and-instrumental care providers) as one of social circumstances and positioning, as well as one of demographic trends. The structural perspective adopted here draws attention to the impact of the complex arrangements of social relations, based on gender and employment status, and age-based norms oil the availability of adult children. This perspective extends the boundaries of parent care to be much more than simply a set of caregiver tasks. The main argument is that adult children are influenced by many social interactions, especially those in accordance with their group memberships, in various socially defined contexts or boundaries, It is within these broader social boundaries that the differential availabilities of adult children to provide parent care are considered. Doing so focuses the investigation on the power dynamics that can influence availability for providing care, including specific types of care. Classifying the care providers into three groups of potential, instrumental, and basic-and-instrumental care providers was guided by the development of a continuum of care that accounts for everyday interchanges of care, and a combination of instrumental and basic care. Thus, a methodological contribution of this study is to advance previous depictions of the care continuum that have focused separately on instrumental and basic care. The findings bear evidence to the advantages of conceptualizing availability and parent care as multidimensional. The social characteristics of adult children are important determinants of being classified as a potential or actual care provider, and as an instrumental or basic-and-instrumental care provider. The complexities of the relationships among the social characteristics (gender, employment status, age, and sibling network size) are clearly brought to light by tile analysis. The results confirm the effectiveness of assuming a sociological approach that focuses on the constraints and resources of adult children to assess their availability for different types of parent care. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).


title: Combined effects of cadmium, hypoxia and temperature on mitochondrial bioenergetics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

contributor: Bate, Luis (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: van den Heuvel, Michael (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: van den Heuvel, Michael (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Couture, Patrice (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Stevens, Don (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: electronic 297 application/pdf

abstract: Aquatic organisms are exposed to diverse and dynamic combinations of stressors in their environment that may interact to alter mitochondrial function. It is important to understand mechanisms of joint effects of stressors to more accurately monitor and predict adverse biological outcomes. I studied the mechanisms of interactions of cadmium (Cd), hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) and temperature induced stress on mitochondrial bioenergetics. My overall hypothesis was that when present together Cd, hypoxia and temperature affect common target sites exacerbating single stressor-induced effects on mitochondrial function. In the first investigation I studied the effects of hypoxia-cadmium interactions on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) mitochondrial bioenergetics and showed that H-R enhances the sensitivity of mitochondria to Cd-induced stress. Interestingly, I observed that Cd at low dose attenuates H-R-induced proton leak. In the second study, I investigated how temperature modulates cadmium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and volume changes. I showed that high temperature exacerbates Cd-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and volume changes in part by increasing metal uptake through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. In the third study, I investigated the effect of H-R on the thermal sensitivity of complex 1 oxidative capacity. I showed that effects of H-R on mitochondrial function are exacerbated by thermal stress. My fourth study investigated the combined effects of cadmium, temperature and hypoxia-reoxygenation on mitochondrial function. I found that the ternary interactions of Cd, H-R and temperature exacerbate their binary effects on mitochondrial function. I linked the alterations in mitochondrial function to impaired volume homeostasis, complex I A-D transition, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ROS production and loss of structural integrity. Although the effects of Cd and/or H-R were greater at both high and low temperatures, this was not explained by increased Cd accumulation. Overall oxidative stress could explain to a large extent the effects of Cd, H-R and temperature on mitochondrial structure and function. In the fifth study I investigated the role of mitoKATP and the effects of pharmacological modulators on H-R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. I found that in the presence of Mg-ATP both the opening of mitoKATP channels and bioenergetic effects of diazoxide were protective against the deleterious effects of H-R while in the absence of Mg-ATP only the bioenergetic effects of diazoxide was protective. Overall, my research unearthed previously unknown mechanisms of interactions of Cd, hypoxia and temperature on mitochondrial bioenergetics and increased our understanding of the impact of multiple stressors on cellular energy metabolism in aquatic organisms.


title: The properties of revisions of earnings by financial analysts : Canadian evidence

title: 365 Lancaster University Lancaster

subject: Securities Canada Business


identifier: Reference Identifier: 9639 ISSN/ISBN: 0612474054

title: Phase behaviour of model Langmuir monolayers

title: University of Guelph, 2000 Ottawa :National Library of Canada

subject: Physics

abstract: In this work, we examine some of the properties of a model Langmuir monolayer, which consists of surfactant molecules (amphiphillic organic molecules) deposited onto a water subphase. The surfactants are modeled as rigid rods composed of a head and tail segment. The tails consist of 'nt' &ap; 4-7 effective monomers representing CH2 methylene groups. These rigid rods interact via site-site Lennard-Jones potentials with different interaction parameters for the tail-tail, head-tail and head-head interactions. The present research has focused on some of the key physical parameters, such as chain length, bond length, and head diameter, responsible for driving tilting transitions from uniformly tilted to untilted phases and between different tilt-ordered phases. At zero temperature, by systematically increasing the head-tail diameter ratio and bond length, we have observed continuous transitions from untilted to tilted phases and first-order transitions from next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) to nearest-neighbor (NN) tilted phases. Some metastable phases have also been discovered where coexistence occurs between molecules with the same kind of tilt ordering. To investigate system properties at finite temperature, we performed Monte Carlo simulations in the constant molecular number N, area A, and temperature T (NAT) ensemble. Some of the earlier studies incorporated a continuum model to characterize the water subphase, but this led to unphysical results. Subsequent work, where the water was replaced by a hard surface, examined the effects on the tilting transition temperature 'T c' due to variations in density, chain length and head-tail diameter mismatch. In some recent studies, we have utilized a more realistic model for the surfactant-water interactions, developed by Karaborni and Toxvaerd, in order to re-examine the role which the water subphase has on tilt-ordering.


title: Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis in Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy: The Role of Apoptosis & Autophagy in GRMD Pathogenesis

contributor:
Stoughton, William Benjamin (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic application/pdf

rights: The full text of this item is not available at this time because the student has placed this item under an embargo for a period of time. The Libraries are not authorized to provide a copy of this work during the embargo period, even for Texas A&M users with NetID.

abstract: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene, which results in loss of the dystrophin protein and cyclic muscle degeneration and regeneration...


title: Claiming green to earn green: Environmental laws and uninhabited islands – a case study of Fangji Island, China

contributor: Nagarajan, Palanisamy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Campanaro, Richard (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Nagarajan, Palanisamy (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Campanaro, Richard (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Tsai, Huei-Min (Examination Committee Member)

format: 212 application/pdf PUBLISHED electronic

abstract:
Although Island Studies has been recognized since the mid-1980s, what are often neglected, or merged into the general “island” concept are uninhabited islands (UIs). The world's growing population demands more space by claiming and exploiting uninhabited areas around the Earth, or even outer space while UIs are inevitably considered fair game. Over decades, some UIs became hotspots on sovereignty conflicts because of their borderline location. Recently, more UIs have been leased to private sectors as real estate or tourism resorts. They are, however, still small islands struggling with their vulnerabilities such as fragile ecosystems and limited resources during the development process.
For the purpose of strengthening UIs’ protection and utilization, since 2003, China has started to establish its island protection act allowing individuals to utilize rationally UIs for a maximum of 50 years. Aiming at analyzing the opportunities and challenges of Chinese UI’s development and respecting the ecosystem services they are providing, Fangji Island in Guangdong Province, China was chosen as a case study to carry out quantitative research. This goal is pursued in two steps: (i) by adapting the evaluation system pioneered by Ivandić and Telišman-Košuta to study Fangji Island; and (ii) by developing an approach capable of analyzing the case that examines current Chinese UIs legislation and sustainable development strategies. The result reveals that UIs are indispensable because the ecosystem goods and services they are providing are significant to the planet on which we live. Seemingly the Chinese UIs protection act is a significant progress in island protection history, but they are just sugar-coating economic approaches with environmental protection measures. Since any human activities may influence the fragile island systems, lack of comprehensive guidelines on UIs development will possibly lead to their degradation or collapse. During the development process, a proper mechanism dealing with the UIs’ carrying capacity, utilization management, and environmental education must be established, which requires the cooperation of government, island operators, voluntary organizations, and the public.


title: Cosmopolitan affinities [microform]

creator:
, (Thesis advisor)
(Degree grantor)
, (Committee member)

subject: Specific Literature: Irish literature--Time Period: 1800-1899--Subject Author: Maturin, Charles Robert (1782-1824)--Literary Genre: novel--Literary Theme: (treatment of) cosmopolitanism--(relationship to) nation--Subject Author: (compared to) Edgeworth, Maria (1767-1849)--Byron, George Gordon Byron, Baron (1788-1824)

abstract: This dissertation is a study of cosmopolitanism in early nineteenth-century Britain, and it approaches cosmopolitanism as an alternative and often overlooked approach to the question of nation in the early nineteenth century. Building out of enlightenment political philosophies such as that of Kant, cosmopolitanism does not mean the absence of national attachment and national limitations but rather involves the co-existence of national demarcations and universal belonging, and in early nineteenth century Britain, it appears alongside romantic nationalism in the struggle to represent the nation. I am interested in how cosmopolitanism in this period offers a non-unified formulation of the nation that stands in contrast to more unified models such as Edmund Burke's which found nationality in, among other things, language, history, blood and geography. The dissertation traces this alternative formulation not only in representative fictions of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century (e.g. Edgeworth's Irish tales, Byron's 'Childe Harold' and 'Don Juan', Maturin's 'Melmoth the Wanderer') but also in British political thought of the period (e.g. Smith's 'Wealth of Nations', Price's ' Discourse on the love of our country', and the discourse of the ' Edinburgh Review'). Each chapter examines a different romantic inflection of cosmopolitan ideals and is intended to establish continuities between enlightenment philosophy and the idea of the nation as it unfolds within the British context. The question of balance between trans-national disinterest and national interest is a fundamental one for each of the writers studied in the dissertation, and it has also become paramount in our contemporary struggle to create alternative, non-unified ways of thinking about nationness. The dissertation thus intersects with present debate over the relationship between cosmopolitanism and nationalism, drawing on notions such as Bruce Robbin's 'situatedness-in-displacement,' Julia Kristeva's 'nations without nationalism,' Edward Said's 'critical thinking,' and James Clifford's 'pilgrimage.'

abstract: Includes bibliographical references. 3 microfiches. AMICUS No. 24739763


title: Increasing lamb survival in Prince Edward Island sheep flocks

contributor: VanLeeuwen, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wichtel, Maureen (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan C. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Menzies, Paula (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Uehlinger, Fabienne (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: MacMillan, Kathleen (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Heider, Luke (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McKenna, Shawn (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan C. (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 360 application/pdf

abstract: The overall objective of this program of research was to describe patterns in lamb mortality in sheep flocks in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, and to identify the most influential flock-level factors associated with lamb mortality risk. Data were collected retrospectively from 385 lamb post-mortem submissions (2005 to 2014), and prospectively over one year for 51 distinct lambing groups from 37 sheep flocks. The retrospective data revealed the importance of infectious causes of lamb mortality in PEI sheep flocks. The prospective data revealed that the mean group-level lamb mortality was 11.14% (± 6.64%), with 25 groups having lamb mortality greater than 10%, which is considered higher than acceptable. The following management factors most strongly contributed to decreased lamb mortality: using flock management goal-setting; seeking veterinary advice for medical treatment; using benzimidazole-derivative anthelminthics; feeding higher quality forage (higher crude protein, digestible energy, net energy for maintenance, and lower acid detergent fiber), applying visual lamb identification, feeding a coccidiostat to lambs, administering clostridial vaccination to lambs, and avoiding separation of hypothermic lambs from their dams. A history of neurological problems in ewes contributed to increased mortality in lambs. Gastrointestinal parasite infections, and selenium and vitamin E deficiencies, were widespread in the study flocks. These research findings suggest that, to improve lamb survival in PEI flocks, producers should work with their veterinarians to set flock performance goals, enhance the nutritional management of late-gestation ewes, and improve the preventative health management of ewes and lambs, especially related to gastrointestinal parasitism and infectious diseases.


identifier: Reference Identifier: 9153 ISSN/ISBN: 0612807207

title: Axis mundi [microform] : the spiritual journey of consciousness in the thought of Northrop Frye

title: McMaster University, 2002. Ottawa : National Library of Canada =Biblioth?que nationale du Canada, [2004]

subject: Religious Studies

abstract: This dissertation locates the central place religion plays in the thought of Northrop Frye. It is argued that Frye's interpretation of William Blake forms the locus for his entire critical enterprise. Not only is Frye's literary theory based on the foundation he first encountered in Blake's thought, as is commonly accepted, but here it is argued that Frye's essentially religious perception of reality also has its origins in Blake. A critical study of the manner in which Frye gives further expression and nuance to this religious vision forms the basis of this study. This dissertation will be of value to those interested in all aspects of Northrop Frye's critical theories, as well as those interested in philosophical theology as it pertains religious epistemology and ontology, and the role the imagination plays in perception.


identifier: ir:ir-batch6-2193 Nursing isbn:

title: Registered nurses' perceptions of leadership systems of nurse managers and quality of work life conditions and feelings

subject: Registered Nurses--Management Styles--Leadership--Perception--Nurse Managers--Quality of Working Life--Nurse Attitudes--Conceptual Framework--Correlational Studies--Descriptive Statistics--Analysis of Variance------

abstract: This study described leadership systems of nurse managers and the relationship of nurse managers' leadership systems and quality of work life (QWL) outcomes of registered nurses. An adaptation of Harrison's (1987) systems based Model for Diagnosing Individual and Group Behavior was used to generate research questions designed to descriptively examine the relationship between individual leadership processes and individual level QWL outcomes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Leadership systems (Likert, 1967) were the independent variables, with QWL conditions and feelings as the dependent variables. The predominant leadership system of nurse managers was the benevolent authoritative (59%), followed by the consultative (27%), exploitive authoritative (13%), and participative (1%). Registered nurses reported QWL conditions as "average" and QWL feelings as "good." Registered nurse perceptions of QWL outcomes were more positive with the identification of consultative and participative leadership systems. Differences were reported in QWL outcomes based on varied leadership systems of nurse managers. The study concluded that leadership systems of nurse managers affect QWL perceptions of registered nurses. Implications of this study are pertinent to nursing administration, practice, education, and research. Nurse managers must assess their leadership systems and determine the most appropriate system to meet the individual needs of the registered nurses, thus promoting positive perceptions of QWL. Improved QWL outcomes may prove retention. Nurse educators must prepare nurses to use leadership systems appropriately to promote optimal QWL outcomes for registered nurses. Nurse researchers need to clarify the concept of QWL in nursing through definition and determination of QWL indicators for nursing. Additionally, instrumentation should be developed to promote consistency in measurement of QWL outcomes.


title: Manipulation of the Loma salmonae-rainbow trout disease model with special reference to integrated multitrophic aquaculture practices

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, David (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Cawthorn, Rick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Davidson, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: St-Hilaire, Sophie (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wright, Glenda (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, David (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Whyte, Shona (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Wright, Glenda (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Duffy, Mike (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 217 application/pdf

abstract:
Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) can potentially mitigate concerns related to traditional monoculture (e.g., nutrient loading). An ecological approach to nutrient management can diversify the industry while reducing environmental impacts. However, integrated culture systems can potentially harbour pathogens that thrive in complex environments. This thesis explored how an environmentally resistant microsporidial pathogen, Loma salmonae, can be used as a model in determining how stable pathogens may behave within an IMTA setting. The work presented in this thesis covers three main themes - all utilizing manipulations of the L. salmonae-rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; LS-RT) disease model.
First, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) were added to the LS-RT model to determine how the added complexity influences disease transmission. When exposed to a suspension of L. salmonae spores during a period of feeding, mussels efficiently extracted spores from the water column. Spores remained viable in mussels, retaining infective potential to salmonids for up to 28 days. Mussels also excreted infectious spores in feces and pseudofeces for 24 hours PE. Spores likely become trapped within mantle and gill tissue, accounting for long-term infectivity of exposed mussels. Therefore, blue mussels have the potential to act as a reservoir for L. salmonae.
Next, in vitro spore viability was correlated to in vivo viability using a L. salmonae spore specific monoclonal antibody-propidium iodide (MAb-PI) dye exclusion assay. Data revealed correlation between in vitro viability and intensity of infection. Several immunocytochemical applications of the MAb protocol were explored, and all showed utility in determining the presence and viability of L. salmonae spores in various applications. However, limitations exist when differentiating between viable and empty (i.e., germinated) spores using the MAb-PI protocol.
Lastly, cell culture was integrated into the traditional LS-RT disease model. L. salmonae develop xenomas within the rainbow trout gill epithelial (RTgill-W1) cell line. No development was observed in Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE) or mosquito (Aedes albopictus; AED) cells. However, AED cells rapidly phagocytize spores while retaining viability and infectivity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Preliminary studies revealed AED-phagocytozed spores retain in vivo infectivity after thawing.


title: Politics commerce and social policy in the City of London 1782-1802

title: University of Oxford Oxford

subject: History


title: Characterization of orthoreoviruses isolated from American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) winter mortality events in eastern Canada

contributor: Hanna, Paul (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McBurney, Scott (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Spears, Jonathan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ojkic, Davor (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Susta, Leonardo (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez, Juan Carlos (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hanna, Paul (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Spears, Jonathan (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Yason, Carmencita (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 307 application/pdf

abstract:
A putative reovirus has been isolated from mortality events in American crows,
of eastern Canada. The purpose of this research is to establish biological characteristics
of this American crow reovirus, its genetic relatedness to other reoviruses and to
determine its pathogenic significance for commercial poultry. The growth properties of
the isolates were assessed in VERO and QM 5 cell lines, the partial S2 and S4 genome
segments were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis were performed and a
pathogenicity trial in SPF chickens was done.
Twenty-six suspect orthoreoviruses (2 from PEI and 24 from Ontario) were
isolated from winter mortality events affecting American crow in eastern Canada.
Fourteen isolates exhibiting CPE were analyzed (2 from PEI and 12 from Ontario)
using avian orthoreovirus genome segment-specific primers for segments S2 and S4, in
a conventional one-step RT-PCR assay. Results confirmed that 14 of the 26 viruses
were from the family Reoviridae, 100 % of the PEI isolates (2/2) and 91.67% of the
Ontario isolates (11/12) were avian orthoreoviruses; and 1/24 (4.2%) of the Ontario
isolates was a rotavirus. This is the first report of isolation and accurate identification of
avian orthoreoviruses from American crow mortality events supporting the etiological
role of American crow orthoreoviruses in the winter crow mortality syndrome.
Analysis of the S2 sequences discovered that the PEI and Ontario isolates had
sequence similarity to avian orthoreovirus isolates of commercial poultry. Analysis of
the S4 sequences revealed that both isolates had the highest sequence similarity with
Tvärminne avian virus (TVAV). S2 and S4 genome segments of the two isolates had
99.8% and 95.2% sequence similarity respectively with each other. Phylogenetic analysis of S2 sequences placed these viruses in the same cluster
with avian orthoreoviruses of commercial poultry. However, the S4 phylogenetics
established that American crow orthoreovirus isolates have a closer relationship to the
TVAV. These American crow isolates are genetically distinct from most other avianorigin
orthoreoviruses and have a reassorted S4 segment which has been acquired from
the TVAV.
In the experimental infection of SPF chickens, American crow orthoreovirus
isolates crossed the species barrier resulted in clinical disease with high morbidity and
low mortality producing enteric lesions in the lower gastrointestinal tract from
ventriculus to jejunum.
The sensitivity and specificity of S4 genome segment specific conventional onestep
RT-PCR assay for American crow orthoreovirus was assessed. The assay had a
100% analytical specificity, however virus isolation in VERO cells had higher detection
limit than the RT-PCR. Application of this assay for the detection of American crow
orthoreovirus in intestinal tissue confirmed 9 positives out of 44 samples tested. In
addition to the 9 RT-PCR positives, another 5 samples of the 44 produced characteristic
CPE in VERO cells. Infected first passage VERO cell lysate of these 5 samples yielded
orthoreovirus S4 segment specific PCR band confirming the CPE observed in VERO
cells was due to American crow orthoreovirus. This RT-PCR assay is useful as an
ancillary diagnostic tool for routine detection of avian orthoreoviruses.


title: Culture: A Key Ingredient to Value-Added Boards

contributor: Liverpool John Moores University (Degree grantor)

abstract:
This thesis draws upon the broad range of research conducted on corporate governance and culture and narrows the focus to cultural dimensions for board governance. The aims of the research were to analyse: the influence of culture on the creation of value-added boards, the role of the chairperson and directors in the development of board culture, and how culture impacts the effectiveness and efficiency of the board. A further, specific, aim was to identify cultural dimensions that can effectively predict a board’s culture.
Past research has been unable to establish an unequivocal relationship between good corporate governance and firm performance. The evidence is either non-existent, mixed, or weak for such a relationship, and there is no evidence of causality. There is nothing that indicates that if companies follow some set of corporate governance practices, that shareholders and stakeholders will benefit in some manner. A key question is why, after thousands of research hours and numerous papers, has no strong and definitive relationship been found?
Using classical grounded theory as a research methodology, this study completed an in-depth review of four Canadian Crown corporation boards and a detailed literature review on corporate governance, leadership, and culture. The research concludes that, due to the unique leadership structure and characteristics of boards, a new theory for the study of board culture is required. The thesis puts forward four dimensions of adaptability, engagability, evidencing, and trusting as the essential ingredients for board culture. The cultural board theory allows for the measurement of both board effectiveness and efficiency.
     This thesis contributes to knowledge with a comprehensive combined literature review of both corporate governance theories and cultural theories. It identifies weaknesses in existing governance theories and provides a new approach to looking at boardroom behaviour. The thesis also contributes to cultural research (with four new dimensions of evidencing, adaptability, engagability, and trusting as boardroom cultural dimensions), the growing body of classical grounded theory research projects, and to cultural research by identifying gaps in existing theories. Lastly, the thesis adds to the library of qualitative research and is significant in understanding the black box of the board.


identifier: u2: Mathematical and Computational Sciences

title: On the solutions of linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients

contributor: Saad, Nasser (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: MacDonald, Gordon (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Islam, Shafiqul (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Polson, James (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hsiao, Amy (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 71 application/pdf


title: A study of green crab (Carcinus maenas) interactions, cannibalism, and a first approach to model the effects of harvesting on its populations

contributor: Quijón, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Cox, Ruth (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Davidson, Jeffrey (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Cox, Ruth (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Quijón, Pedro (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Davidson, Jeffrey (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 121 application/pdf

abstract:
Green crabs (Carcinus maenas) have been extensively studied because of the negative impacts that they have on the ecosystems that they invade. However, there are still substantial gaps of knowledge about their interactions and population dynamics. As green crabs continue to invade new locations, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of these subject areas in order to prevent or mitigate further introductions or spread. This thesis aims to address these knowledge gaps by focusing on two main topics: (1) green crab predator-prey interactions with smaller conspecifics and a native counterpart, the mud crab (Dyspanopeus sayi), and (2) a first attempt using a model to predict green crab population dynamics and the potential effects of a removal program.
First, I analysed long-term observational beach-seine data collected from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, and found that there was a negative association between native mud crabs and green crabs in this area. Then I used laboratory experiments to examine their predator-prey interactions and assessed the influence of habitat complexity on the outcome of these interactions. I found that green crab predators consumed almost twice as many mud crabs compared to juvenile green crabs in the two less structured habitats (no substrate or sandy substrate), but predation rates were statistically similar in oyster bed habitat. This study found that mud crab mortality was significantly affected by habitat type, whereas green crab mortality was not. I then focused on green crab cannibalism by adults on juveniles with similar laboratory experiments. In this study, I included habitat types that represented a wider range of structural complexity, and found that cannibalism rates declined with increasing habitat complexity. I also conducted field inclusion experiments that gathered similar results, though the differences were not significant.
I identified knowledge gaps and areas of future research by gathering all the available information about green crab life stages. This population information was used to build a relatively simple stage-based population matrix model for green crabs. The outcome of the model estimated that a theoretical green crab population could increase by approximately 43%. The outcome of this model also suggested that even if adult survival is set to zero (representing intensive trapping and effective removal of adults), the population was still able to grow because numbers in the other life stages were abundant enough to feed and maintain the population growth rate. These results suggests that current removal programs that catch mostly adults have little-to-no effect on the population growth rate, indicating that harvesting alone is unlikely to result in a reduction of annual green crab abundance.


title: Experiences in early stage Alzheimer's disease

creator: Simon Fraser University Psychology (Degree grantor)

subject: lived experiences--diagnosis--relationships--Alzheimer's disease--Alzheimers Disease--Experiences (Events)--Interpersonal Interaction--Medical Diagnosis------

abstract: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia among people over age 65. A wealth of information about the biomedical aspects of the disease stands in counterpoint to the lack of systematic inquiry around the lived experiences of people with AD.


title: Political practice

creator: University of Tennessee (Degree grantor)

subject: hermeneutic--phenomenological inquiry--transcendental phenomenology--literary theory--epistemology--subjectivity--cognitive process--Hermeneutics--Phenomenology--Social Cognition------

abstract: The present project focuses on some of the similarities between social cognition, transcendental phenomenology, literary theory, and epistemological hermeneutics.


title: The physiological fitness, cardiometabolic health and quality of life outcomes of participation in recreational off-road vehicle riding as an alternative mode of physical activity

contributor:
Burr, Jamie Francis (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Degree grantor)
(Committee member)

subject: recreational riders--acute physical demands--aerobic fitness--age-related declines--all-terrain vehicle--quality of life--Exercise--Physical Fitness--Physiology--Health--Physique

abstract: The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the physiological fitness and health-related effects of participation in habitual recreational off-road vehicle riding (all-terrain vehicle (ATV) and off-road motorcycle (ORM)) as an alternative form of physical activity (PA).

abstract: Source type:  Electronic(1


title: A comparative analysis of conventional and emerging methods for characterizing coastal morphology and change

contributor: Fenech, Adam (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hedley, Nick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Opps, Sheldon (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Fenech, Adam (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hedley, Nick (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Catto, Norm (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 126 application/pdf

abstract:
Small islands and coastal areas are threatened by the negative impacts of climate change. Sea-level rise, increased storm event and frequency, and other coastal hazards are expected to impact infrastructure, settlements, and facilities that support the livelihood of coastal communities. In addition, small islands and coastal communities are often considered to lack the capacity to properly anticipate and adapt to a quickly changing climate. Proper coastal adaptation requires a number of key components including data collection, monitoring and evaluation. This thesis sought to evaluate two methodologies of data collection and monitoring on Prince Edward Island, Canada: one low cost method using terrestrial peg line measurement; and two, the use of low altitude small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAvs) to create high resolution orthomosaics and digital surface models for coastal assessment. Considerations of cost, agility and accuracy of the research methods are made throughout the thesis with an intended application to a long-term monitoring program that can be adopted by other small island and coastal communities around the world interested in improving their resiliency and ability to adapt to climate change.
An historical terrestrial measurement method was employed on Prince Edward Island by the Department of Community and Cultural Affairs Marine Environment Section in 1984 but abandoned several years later in the early 1990s. This thesis investigated this method through re-measurement and study of old log books and revealed several inadequacies. Improvements to the historical monitoring method are made through the resurrection and establishment of 74 erosion measuring locations across Prince Edward Island during the 2014 and 2015 field seasons. Measurement of these 74 cliff and bluff coastal environments resulted in an average annual loss of 0.46 m with a single largest loss of 2.69 m. This method is limited by the type of data collection but provides a good starting point for coastal communities with limited knowledge and expertise in the field to begin understanding and quantifying coastal change. Recent developments in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle technology have led to a wide-spread interest in using the technology across many industries and fields of study. A major advantage of using UAVs is their ability to efficiently collect high resolution orthomosaics and elevation models at a fine temporal scale for coastal assessments. This thesis utilized two UAV systems at a study site in North Lake, Prince Edward Island, Canada - a fixed wing system by PrecisionHawk, and a quadcopter by 3DRobotics - and conducted a comparative analysis to determine the best platform for the application to coastal data collection and monitoring. Results found consistently improved performance of the quadcopter versus the fixed wing, including accuracy, a lower upfront cost, and the ability to perform to expectation in high sustained winds. Some results include an image marker to ground control point difference of 0.10 m for the fixed wing and 0.03 m for the quadcopter. The quadcopter showed better results when comparing elevations to a survey grade GPS survey of the study site, and coastal delineations of the orthomosaics showed a slight improvement using the quadcopter. This comparative analysis showed the real possibility of accurately representing a coastal cliff or bluff environment using UAV technology that can be monitored to detect annual change. The ability of UAVs to cost-effectively and accurately produce data rich products leads to the conclusion that the technology provides a realistic alternative to traditional monitoring methods and has great implications for the adoption to monitor coastal environments of small islands and coastal communities.


title: Public knowledge and perceptions of large-scale assessments

contributor: Miller, Tess (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wood, Cindy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Miller, Tess (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Wood, Cindy (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Gichuru, Wambui (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: DeLuca, Christopher (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 249 application/pdf

abstract:
Large-scale assessment has been used as an effective tool for government organizations to justify the well-being of educational systems in terms of accountability, gatekeeping, instructional diagnosis, and monitoring student achievement. The purpose of this study was to examine public knowledge and perceptions about large-scale assessments and thereby explore the accountability function of large-scale assessments. An online questionnaire combined with a paper and pencil questionnaire was distributed to residents in a small Canadian province using a nonprobability purposive sampling technique combined with convenience sampling. A total of 515 questionnaires were completed. The overall findings revealed that public was knowledgeable about students’ most recent performance on the Programme for International Student Assessment but not the most recent performance on the Pan-Canadian Assessment Program. The public’s perceptions towards large-scale assessments were in the middle of the scale and there was no statistically significant differences based on parental status, educational attainment, or cultural affiliations.
Key words: large-scale assessment, common assessment, accountability, stakeholders, Prince Edward Island


identifier: ir:ir-batch6-2974 English isbn: doi:

title: Elements of the folk hero-Tale in the fiction of Padraic Colum [microform]


title: Nurses’ experiences caring for patients with dementia

creator: Memorial University of Newfoundland Nursing (Degree grantor)


title: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Atlantic Canada: epidemiology and culture methods

contributor: Lofstedt, Jeanne (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McClure, J.Trenton (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Muckle, C. Anne (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Stryhn, Henrik (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Weese, J. Scott (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hurnik, Dan (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McClure, J. Trenton (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Heider, Luke (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Stryhn, Henrik (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 154 application/pdf

abstract:
The main aim of this thesis was to obtain information on the distribution and
prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in Atlantic
Canada at both a regional Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) and a regional diagnostic
laboratory, as well as exploring culture methods for the detection of this pathogen.
The strain type distribution of MRSP using the direct repeat unit (dru) typing
approach in isolates collected at a regional diagnostic laboratory in Atlantic Canada is
described in Chapter 2. Ninety-four isolates were successfully typed and demonstrated to
belong to 18 different dru types. The majority of isolates belonged to dt11a (30.9%),
dt10h (24.5%), dt9a (18.1%), and dt11af (10.6%). The remaining 15.9% isolates were
distributed between 13 different dru types, nine of which have not been previously
identified: dt5k, dt6t, dt8ag, dt9ba, dt9bd, dt10bz, dt10cc, dt10cj, and dt11ca. The
predominant dru types identified in this study were similar to those found in Ontario,
Canada; however, cluster 9a appears to be less common in Atlantic Canada. A
significant difference in the distribution of clusters between provinces was detected (p =
0.01). Notably, differences in the dru types were observed between Newfoundland and
the Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island).
Cluster 10h was not present in the isolates from Newfoundland, while it was the
predominant cluster in samples from PEI. Cluster 11a was the predominant cluster in
both New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Resistance to ≥2 antimicrobials (in addition to β-
lactams) was observed in 71.4% of the isolates, with isolates belonging to cluster 9a
being significantly more resistant to all antimicrobials tested except fusidic acid, chloramphenicol, and doxycycline. This study confirms that dru type distributions can
vary significantly across the same country, and previously unreported dru types were
identified in Atlantic Canada.
Chapter 3 describes the presence of MRSP in a regional VTH environment after
cleaning and disinfection and its potential to cause hospital-acquired infections. MRSP
was isolated from 16/137 (12% [95% CI 6.8%–18.3%]) of environmental samples after
the first cleaning and disinfection cycle, and 1/14 (7% [95% CI 0.2%–36.0%]) of
environmental samples after the second cleaning and disinfection cycle. Culture results
and data retrieved from medical records implicated a hospital-acquired MRSP infection
involving two canine patients. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that the
MRSP isolates from these patients were clonal, further supporting a hospital-acquired
infection. Since the same hospital personnel handled the MRSP positive patients in this
case, transmission between patients was most likely via hospital personnel. PFGE of
strains cultured from the environment and patient revealed that environmental strains
were clonal to those from the patient associated with that area; however, non-clonal
strains were also recovered from the same environmental area. The presence of MRSP in
the hospital environment after cleaning and disinfection and a suspected hospitalacquired
infection highlights the importance of a robust infection control program in
these facilities.
In Chapter 4, the prevalence of MRSP in clinical samples collected from dogs
deemed high-risk for MRSP was estimated. This chapter also compared four culture methods for MRSP: traditional culture, mannitol salt agar with 2μg/mL oxacillin
(MSAox), mannitol salt enrichment broth (EB) and MSAox, and EB and traditional
culture. A total of 741 samples were analyzed from 556 individual dogs between
February 2013 and April 2014. The prevalence of MRSP in samples detected by any
method was estimated at 13.4% (95% CI 11.1%–16.0%). When prevalences were
compared according to culture methods, EB and MSAox had the highest prevalence
(11.2% [9.1%–13.7%]), followed by EB and traditional (10.8% [8.8%–13.2%]), then
traditional (10.1% [8.1%–12.5%]), with MSAox having the lowest prevalence (8.9%
[7.1%–11.2%]). MRSP prevalence using the traditional culture did not differ significantly
from any of the three selective culture methods. Culture with MSAox detected
significantly fewer MRSP than either of the enrichment broth methods. The addition of
enrichment broth to current methodology is recommended, particularly in patients with a
previous history of MRSP positive specimens. These results highlight how differences in
culture methodology can influence prevalence estimates; therefore, caution should be
exercised when comparing studies investigating prevalence. The MSAox had a low
sensitivity for the detection of MRSP at 24 and 48 hours, and is not recommended as a
rapid culture-based screening tool. The estimated MRSP prevalence in this study is
similar to findings of previous studies in Canada and other parts of the world.


title: Emigrators, Emigrants and Empire: Women and British Migration to Canada and Australia in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

title: DAI 64 8 3029 A. DANQ82777

subject:
ca 1850-1940
Women.
Societies.
Great Britain.
Emigration.
Canada.
Australia
History


title: The standardization of Inuktut in the education system in Nunavut

contributor: Walton, Fiona (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tulloch, Shelley (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Walton, Fiona (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Tulloch, Shelley (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 128 application/pdf PUBLISHED

abstract:
This thesis describes the issues and various efforts involved in the standardization of
Inuktut in Nunavut. It provides a background, history and literature review related to
standardization of the language, as well as an autoethnographic account of my own
teaching and promotion of Inuktut. In addition, Inuktut-speaking teachers across
Nunavut were invited to participate by responding to a questionnaire designed to
investigate the attitudes of the teachers towards dialectal differences and language
standardization in Nunavut. The research serves as a resource to promote understanding
and awareness of the major dialects in Nunavut as well as provide considerations about
which dialect might be most appropriate and readily accepted by Inuit teachers as „the
dialect of instruction‟ in the future. The survey results provide important information
for Inuit Uqausinginnik Taiguusiliuqtiit, the Inuit Language Authority in Nunavut, with
a mandate to consider standardization of Inuktut writing for the Territory. The research
also has implications for the Government of Nunavut, and particularly for the
Curriculum and School Services Division of the Department of Education and for inservice
professional learning for current teachers of Inuktut. In addition the Nunavut
Teacher Education Program and Nunavut Arctic College may find the research useful in
their Inuktut programs. All these agencies have a stake in the successful implementation
of new standards for Inuktut to ensure it is effectively taught to students at all levels
across Nunavut. The National Strategy on Inuit Education (2011) led by the Inuit
Tapiriit Kanatami includes the standardization of Inuktut as a priority across the four
Inuit regions in Canada and the results may benefit efforts to implement the National
Strategy.


identifier:
ir:5602
Applied Human Sciences
isbn:

title: Zinc and taurine interactions in maternofetal metabolism

creator: University of Saskatchewan College of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Degree grantor)

abstract:
It was proposed that zinc
reproductive outcome in the rat.
guanidinoethyl sulfonate (GES),
and taurine interact in vivo to influence
The effect of taurine deficiency induced by
a taurine transport antagonist, on fetal
development was examined. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were mated
overnight and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments through gestation. Animals received
taurine-restricted diet and 0.5% 1.0% or 2.0% GES in drinking water. Control
animals received taurine-adequate diet and no GES. Taurine deficiency
produced a sharp decline in maternal and fetal liver taurine (~~0.0bu5t )di d not -
result in intrauterine growth retardation or significant external, visceral or
skeletal malformations. It was evident that reproductive outcome might be an
inadequate endpoint to explore this interaction. Instead, development of eye
structure and function was examined. Virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were
bred overnight and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design with
two levels of zinc (50 or 15 pglg through gestation; 50 or 7.5 pglg after
parturition) and two levels of taurine (2 or 0 prnollg). GES (1 % wlv) was
provided in drinking water to the animals receiving 0 pmollg taurine. A fifth
group, fed control diet, was pairfed to the marginally zinc-deficient group. At
postnatal day 23, male pups were weaned onto their respective diets. Analysis
of plasma zinc, tibia1 zinc and liver taurine concentrations at 7%8W weeks
showed an interaction in these tissues. Dark-adapted oscillatory potentials
(OPs) and electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded. Two-way ANOVA revealed
a significant interaction between zinc and taurine for OP, and OP, amplitudes.
-
ERG b-wave amplitude as a function of log stimulus intensity was plotted and an
iterative curve fitting procedure used to determine the maximum response
(Vmax), slope (n) and half-saturation constant (0).N o interaction was noted.
Zinc or taurine deficiency each independently depressed Vmax. Zinc deficiency
depressed the amplitude of OP,; taurine depletion similarly affected the
amplitude of OP,, OP, and OP,. Histological examination of the retinas from
animals deficient in both zinc and taurine revealed photoreceptor degeneration
and retinal dysplasia. These data provide evidence that zinc and taurine
interact physiologically and influence retinal function.


title: Microorganisms in sea ice melt pools as a source of ultra-violet radiation absorbing metabolites

contributor: Saleh, Tarek (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kerr, Russell (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hurta, Robert (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McCallum, Jason (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sims, David (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Kerr, Russell (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McCallum, Jason (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hartwig, Sunny (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Muckle, Anne (Examination Committee Member)

abstract:
Natural products have many uses in today’s society, from disease therapeutics to
cosmetic applications. One such application of natural products is use as an active
ingredient in commercial sunscreens. Ultra-violet (UV) radiation exposure can result in
a range of harmful side effects from a minor burn to the induction of melanoma. Due to
the hazards associated with UV exposure, there is a need for safe and effective natural
sunscreens. Microbes are known to produce structurally diverse natural products with
greatly varied functions. One potential role of microbial natural products is to act as UV
protectants for the producing organism. For this thesis we wanted to describe the
cultivable microbial community of sea ice melt pools to determine if microbes in this
habitat are resistant to UVB radiation, and if their mechanism of resistance was via the
production of UV protectants. Thus, microbes living in high UV intense habitats are of
interest for this thesis. One such habitat is sea ice melt pools in Canada’s Arctic. During
the early summer months the sea ice begins to melt forming melt pools. Due to the
constant sun exposure, coupled with the reflective property of the ice, microbes present
in these pools endure extreme levels of UV radiation. Microorganisms have three
mechanisms in which they can survive exposure to UV radiation. They can produce
spores, have DNA repair mechanisms, or they can produce UV-absorbing metabolites.
With this knowledge it was hypothesized that microbes living in these melt pools would
be resistant to UV radiation via the production of UV-absorbing metabolites. Water
samples were collected from sea ice melt pools in Nunavut and the cultivable microbial
community was identified via sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (bacteria) and the
ITS/28S rRNA genes (fungi). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the microbes belonged to 26 different species. Of these 26 species two of the organisms, Frigidiomyces
aurantiacum and Polaromyces triangulaformis, were discovered in this study and were
described during the course of the research. Each of the 26 organism’s temperature
growth range, nutrient requirements, ability to survive a freeze thaw cycle, and
resistance to UVB radiation were determined. Post exposure to UVB radiation,
compounds produced by each organism was extracted to determine if UV-absorbing
metabolites were being produced. The crude extracts were then analyzed using HPLCHRMS.
Of the 26 organisms, seven were true psychrophiles, 17 could survive with
minimal nutrients, all of the organisms tested remained viable after a single freeze-thaw
cycle, and 20 were resistant to exposure to UVB radiation. HPLC-HRMS analysis of
the crude extracts revealed that four strains produced mycosporines or mycosporine-like
amino acids. One bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. RKAT245, produced a single
mycosporine-like amino acid, shinorine. From the fungal library, Bulleromyces albus
produced mycosporine-glutaminol, Dioszegia sp. RKAT 238 produced mycosporineglutaminol,
mycosporine-glutaminol-glucoside, and mycosporine-glutamicol-glucoside,
while Frigidiomyces aurantiacum produced mycosporine-glutaminol-glucoside.


title: The 'Arte de Bien Morir'

subject: NEW Spain--CATHOLIC Church--ARS moriendi--HANDBOOKS, vade-mecums, etc--EUROPE

abstract: J1: Dissertation Abstracts International; M3: Dissertation

abstract: Source type:  Electronic(1)


title: Newly-graduated baccalaureate registered nurses, the 21st century health care environment and mapping the landscape for curricular change

contributor: Tilleczek, Kate (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Critchley, Kim (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Foley, Vicki (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tilleczek, Kate (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Critchley, Kim (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Foley, Vicki (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Mitchell, Jean (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Price, Sheri (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 213 application/pdf

abstract:
As the landscape of health care delivery in Canada and especially in Prince Edward
Island (PEI) evolves and as work environments also evolve within that landscape, newly
graduated registered nurses’ (NGRNs) are challenged and often overwhelmed. Many factors
influence their work and after analyzing the in-depth narrative interviews of six NGRNs on two
separate occasions, new challenges were revealed in their powerful voices and narrative
expressions. This PhD thesis utilized critical theory and narrative inquiry methodology to
examine and disseminate knowledge about these interviews with NGRNs. It includes a
comprehensive review of literature, nursing educational curriculum, and narrative interviews
over two points in time. In mapping the curricular landscape and listening to the voices of
NGRNs, the following research questions were examined: 1) What are NGRNs views
surrounding the educational curriculum they received? 2) Do NGRNs perceive that nurse
educators are preparing baccalaureate student nurses for the realities of nursing in the current
health care environment? 3) What strategies, if any, are necessary to enhance the education of
current and future baccalaureate student nurses?
As the researcher positioned within the Narrative Circle Model, I explored the research
questions that could improve the education and work life of NGRNs, and ultimately improve the
health and lives of our population. Most NGRN identified communication and leadership as
major challenges in the medical-surgical health care environment, a surprising and noteworthy
finding. Other main findings suggest that patient acuity and workload are challenges for NGRNs.
Main themes that emerged were communication, leadership, patient acuity, delegation,
workload, Model of Care health care delivery, computer information system technology, and
interdisciplinary patient care. The findings support a need for further research on communication and leadership within nursing educational curriculum and for support for NGRNs on medicalsurgical
nursing units as they transition into their work environments. Specific strategies for
curricular change were also identified. The research results aim to improve the educational
curriculum for baccalaureate student nurses at schools of nursing nationally and internationally.
Dissemination will invite nursing educators and health care policy makers to better prepare
NGRNs for the 21st century healthcare environment.


title: Angiotensin II regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration, growth and satellite cell function


title: Decomposition kinetics of polymer-nanocomposite materials

contributor: Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bissessur, Rabin (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Dahn, Douglas (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Etkin, Nola (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Bissessur, Rabin (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: MacDonald, Dany (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Etkin, Nola (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: electronic 207 application/pdf

abstract:
The synthesis of polythiophenes functionalized with an alkyl group such as coumarin and naphthol were performed successfully. A previously - described technique of WS2 synthesis from thiourea and tungstic acid was utilized to synthesize exfoliated WS2, which was employed to synthesize nanocomposite materials. Also, novel exfoliated polythiophene and poly(3-alkylthiophene) with naphthol nanocomposites using various percentages of tungsten disulfide were prepared using in-situ polymerization of the monomer with iron (III) chloride in the presence of exfoliated WS2. Additionally, the exfoliated nanocomposites of polyaniline were synthesized by an in-situ polymerization reaction of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in the presence of exfoliated WS2.
The poly(3-alkylthiophene) decorated with naphthol was characterized by using techniques such as NMR, FTIR, and TGA. These techniques were utilized to determine the difference between the monomers and their polymers. Both polymers displayed a noticeable improvement in thermal stability. The exfoliated nanocomposites of PThN-WS2 were also characterized using techniques such as FT-IR and XRD.The results obtained suggest that there is an interaction between the polymer and the WS2 due to the vibrational change in the IR spectrum.
Ozawa's method was applied to determine the decomposition kinetics of these exfoliated nanocomposites using the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The activation energies for PTh and their six different compositions of WS2 were measured under air. Each sample was studied using four selected heating rates: 5, 10, 20 and 40 o C/min. The similar procedures were followed to compute Ea for PThN-WS2 nanocomposites. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of nanofillers has improved the Ea value for PTh-WS2 and PThN-WS2 nanocomposites.
It was found that the presence of alkyl group (naphthol) on the thiophene ring has enhanced the Ea by approximately 65 kJ/mol compared to pure PTh with around 79.9 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the values of the Ea for exfoliated PT-WS2 and PThN-WS2 compositions were increased by incorporating higher percents of WS2 in comparison to that of pure PT or PThN.
Ozawa's method was also applied to determine the activation energies for the pure polyaniline and their nanocomposites with WS2. All experiments were carried out in a TGA at four different heating rates under a nitrogen atmosphere. It was demonstrated that the incorporation of exfoliated WS2 in polyaniline showed an enhancement in the Ea values. Also, 12.5% of WS2-PANI composition recorded the highest Ea with 165 kJ/mol compared to that of Ea of pristine PANI with 129.8 kJ/mol.


title: Qualitative and quantitative structural characteristics of the teleostean kidney

title: University of Nairobi

subject: Article Subject Terms: Kidneys

subject: Freshwater fish

subject: Anatomical structures

subject: Body organs

subject: Excretory organs

subject: Article Taxonomic Terms: Oreochromis niloticus

subject: Micropterus salmoides

subject: Cyprinus carpio

subject: Chanos chanos

subject: Clarias mossambicus

subject: Largemouth bass

subject: Common carp

subject: Milkfish

subject: Marine

subject: Anatomy Physiology

abstract: The kidneys of four freshwater teleost fish Oreochromis niloticus, Micropterus salmoides, Cyprinus carpio and Clarias mossambicus and one marine teleost, Chanos chanos, representing Perciformes (O. niloticus and M. salmoides) Ostariophysi (C. carpio, and C. mossambicus) and Salmoniformes (C. chanos) were studied for qualitative and quantitative characteristics using materials fixed in situ by perfusion via the bulbous arteriosus into the entire renal arterial system. The kidneys of O. niloticus, M. salmoides and C. carpio were partially fused and those of C. mossambicus and C. chanos were completely fused. Partial or complete venous portal systems were present in all the species except O. niloticus. The renal lobule was centered on the intralobular artery and duct and delimited by efferent veins. The nephron of the fishes consisted of a renal corpuscle, the neck, proximal 1, proximal 2 and distal segments and the collecting tubule-collecting duct system. These parts of the nephric tubule were distinguished on the basis of their staining reactions and histological and ultrastructural characteristics. Intrarenal heamopoietic tissue was absent in the Perciformes teleosts but was abundant in the Ostariophysi and Salmoniformes. Interrenal tissue in the head kidney was arranged in cords around branches of the posterior cardinal vein. Rodlet cells have been described in the proximal tubule of the blackbass.


title:
Synthesis and characterization of
thermoplastic polymers

contributor: Hsiao, Amy (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 169 application/pdf

abstract: This research is focused on the synthesis and characterizations of polyaromatic ethers using meta-, para-, and ortho-dichloro complexes of cyclopentadienyliron. First of all, polyaromatic ethers are a class of polymers that have received a considerable amount of attention due to their high-performance properties. These properties involve outstanding thermal and chemical stability, leading these polymers to be suited for high-temperature applications. Second, the incorporation of cationic η6-chloroarene-η5-cyclopentadienyliron moieties can facilitate nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions due to the intense electron-withdrawing ability of the monomers. Finally, the objective of this work was to investigate the solubility of both monomers and the effect of the different aliphatic length of diols when reacted with the iron complexes. It was concluded that as length of diols increases, the solubility of both monomers and polymers increases as well. It was also found that these polymers showed good thermal stability.


title: The perceptions, expectations, and lived experiences of Korean parents in a Canadian elementary offshore school

contributor: Preston, Jane P. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Campbell, Barbara (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Preston, Jane P. (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Campbell, Barbara (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Favaro, Basil (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Ward, Angela (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 184 application/pdf

abstract: The purpose of this study is to document the reasons and motivating factors as to why Korean parents enroll their elementary-aged children in an offshore British Columbia school located in Seoul, South Korea. The Korean education system, parent educational expectations and behaviors, and Korean culture and society were also examined in this case study. A qualitative methodology was used to collect data sources. Data sources included individual semi-structured interviews and follow-up interviews with 12 participants. The participants were all parents of children in Grades K–5 attending British Columbia Collegiate School (BCC) in Seoul, South Korea. More specifically, one male parent and one female parent were purposefully selected from each grade to be interviewed. Findings indicated the primary reason parents enrolled their children in BCC was due to their discontent with the Korean educational system. Parents also enrolled their children into BCC to learn English, develop positive character traits, increase the possibility of studying abroad, and increase one’s social status. In line with cultural capital theory, embodied, objectified, and institutionalized cultural capital was used to analyze the findings. Embodied cultural capital, especially linguistic cultural capital, and institutionalized cultural capital played a major role in explaining the findings. The desire to become fluent in English and the high expectations in enrolling in a reputable university were heavily influenced by Korean culture and society. Implications of this work provide new possibilities for further research in the areas of international education and Canadian offshore schools. This research also informs Canadian offshore school teachers and administrators about the educational culture and parental expectations in South Korea.


title: The new model of Cautious Processing

subject: cautious processing--trust--risk perceptions--ambiguous relational events--transgression evaluations--dating--romantic relationships--judgment--Risk Perception--Social Dating--Social Psychology--Trust (Social Behavior)--Evaluation--Romance------

abstract: Recent work in the area of risk and evaluations of transgressions and ambiguous events determined that relationship length appeared to moderate people's judgments of these incidents (Nairn and Boon, 2003). Essentially, this study demonstrated that when short-term daters (i.e., relationships of 4 to 24 months) were exposed to the risks inherent in romantic relationships, they evaluated a subsequent relational event significantly more negatively than short-term control participants. Conversely, those in longer-term dating relationships (i.e., 24 months or more) reported less negative evaluations of the event when they were exposed to risk. The current studies were designed to test a New Model of Cautious Processing based on the original by (Boon and Holmes, 1999) in which trust was considered to be a potential candidate for explaining the disordinal interactions found by Nairn and Boon. The results of Study One appear to replicate the Nairn and Boon interactions by replacing relationship length with trust, thereby supporting the New Model of Cautious Processing. An interpretation of the results of Study Two in which participants' implicit evaluations were examined remains unclear.

abstract: Source type: Electronic(1)


title: Rater personality and performance-evaluation leniency

publisher: Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Western Ontario

contributor:
Jelley, R. Blake (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)


title: Beginning to write with word processing


title: A nesting study of the common eider in the St. Lawrence estuary

title: 131p. Laval University Quebec

subject: Eider Biology


title: Modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by zinc and calcium

contributor: van den Heuvel, Michael (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Stevens, Don (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Stuart, Jeff (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, Andrew (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: van den Heuvel, Michael (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 214 application/pdf

abstract:
Aquatic environments are impacted by different environmental stressors including metals pollution. Therefore, it is important to understand how metals act and interact to alter aquatic ecosystems. Zinc (Zn), one of the most abundant trace metals on earth, when in excess causes physiological perturbations to aquatic organisms that are attributed to the impairment of cellular energy homeostasis. I studied the effects of Zn on mitochondrial bioenergetics and how they are modulated by calcium (Ca). My overall hypothesis was that Zn and Ca act antagonistically to impair mitochondrial function. In my first study, I characterised the interactive effects of Zn and Ca on mitochondrial morphofunctional integrity. I showed that mitochondrial responses to Zn and/or Ca depend on the concentration, mitochondrial functional metric and technique used. Low concentrations of Zn or Ca had stimulatory effects on respiration but when in combination they synergistically inhibited respiration. Surprisingly, co-exposure of the low concentrations of the two cations had synergistic antioxidant effect. I observed more synergistic interactions on complex I (CI) activity, respiration and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission at high concentrations of Zn and Ca. Only on two endpoints, membrane potential (ΔΨmt) and ultrastructure, were the interactions between Zn and Ca antagonistic. Overall, I showed that the responses to Zn, Ca and anti-oxidants vary according to the functional metric and a comprehensive assessment of their effects on different endpoints is required to get a holistic picture about their effects on mitochondria. In my next study, I tested the hypothesis that Zn moves through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and competes with Ca to enter the mitochondrial matrix. I developed a method to simultaneously measure mitochondrial respiration, ΔΨmt/pH and ROS and found that Zn does not rely on the MCU to impair mitochondrial function. I confirmed the exclusivity of the MCU as the Ca uptake route by completely abolishing Ca-induced mitochondrial depolarization spike (mDPS) using ruthenium red (RR), an MCU blocker. Moreover, I excluded a role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in the mechanism of mDPS, and, importantly, showed that mitochondrial permeability transition precedes the ROS burst that is observed during the mPTP opening.
Using my novel method for simultaneous measurement of multiple mitochondrial functional indices, I discovered a transient burst in ROS (mitochondrial transition ROS spike: mTRS) that occurs at mitochondrial transition between states 3 and 4. This transient ROS burst, observed in mitochondria from different organs and species, was clearly ΔΨmt-dependent and not associated with a pH shift. Importantly, I showed that the mTRS can be used as an indicator for mitochondrial coupling, antioxidant status and both CI and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) function. Overall, my research not only unveiled the nature of the interactive effects of Zn and Ca on mitochondrial bioenergetics but contributed fundamentally to the mitochondrial physiology field through the discovery of mTRS and development of multiparametric methodologies.


title: Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of chromene derivatives

contributor: Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bissessur, Rabin (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wagner, Brian (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bissessur, Rabin (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Wagner, Brian (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Linkletter, Barry (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Carraher, Jr., Charles E. (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hsiao, Amy (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Linkletter, Barry (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: electronic 203 application/pdf

abstract: In this thesis, a series of novel chromene derivatives based on three different moieties of biologically active compounds were synthesized and their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities were evaluated in vitro. The fluorescent 8-amino-10-phenyl-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-propyl-2H, 10H-pyrano [2,3-f] chromene-9-carbonitrile derivatives 2.2(a-j) were synthesized in good yields and with good fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF). The structures were confirmed on the basis of their spectral data and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity was investigated and tested against several human pathogens: Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi as well as mycobacterium using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were reported against each pathogen. All compounds showed significantly potent antimicrobial activities against most bacterial strains compared to reference drugs. Due to their structural similarity to reference drugs clorobiocin and novobiocin, docking experiments in the ATP binding pocket of DNA gyrase B enzyme revealed that the compounds mostly have the same binding mode as the reference drugs. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity was also evaluated against four different human cell lines and exhibited more potency than the reference drug. Several new 8-amino-10-phenyl-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-diydro-2H,10H-pyrano[2,3-f] chro-mene derivatives 3.2(a-g) were synthesized in good yield. The structures of these derivatives were established on the basis of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and elemental analysis. All new synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities. Their antimicrobial activity was investigated and tested with seven human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, four fungi and one mycobacterium, using agar well diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations were reported. Most of the new tested compounds exhibited significant potent antimicrobial activities against most bacterial strains compared to reference drugs. Some of these new synthesized derivatives exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (RCMB 010043), Escherichia coli (RCMB 010052) compared to reference drugs. On the other hand, three of these new compounds were found to be more effective against Salmonella typhimurium. The antibacterial activity of most compounds was found to be comparably active to reference drugs against Gram-positive bacteria, while compound 3.2c did not show any antimicrobial activity. The cytotoxic activity was also evaluated against four different human carcinoma cell lines and exhibited good cell growth inhibitory activity against HCT-116 cell line. The molecular modeling results showed binding interaction of some new synthesized compounds in the active site of Gyrase B. A variety of novel derivatives of 2-amino-6-(4-ethoxyphenylazo)-4(-phenyl)-4H-benzo[h]chromene-3-carbonitrile 4.2(a-j) have been prepared via three component reactions. The structures were confirmed on the basis of their spectral data and elemental analysis. Their antimicrobial activity was investigated and tested against four human pathogen Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and four fungi. Some newly prepared compounds exhibited antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi species compared to reference drugs. The bathochromic shift of compound 4.2a was shown in solution when acidified. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity was also evaluated against three different human cell lines. Some tested compounds have good IC50 against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines. The molecular modeling results showed binding interaction of some new synthesized compounds in the active site of Gyrase B.


title: Resource sustainability: Practices and promises : a document submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degrees of Master of Science (Natural Resources) and Master of Science (Water Resources Management) ...

contributor: University of Michigan. School of Natural Resources

subject: Sustainable development--Environmental protection

abstract: Tania E. Hurie, Melissa M. Nagel, Jennifer E. Puntenney, Nompumelelo Tshabalala, Tara E. Ward, Wendy A. Woods, with Almut Beringer, Nandita Jain.; Thesis equivalent (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1989.