title: Antimicrobial resistance studies from Atlantic Canada with a focus on extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in dairy cattle and humans

contributor: Keefe, Greg (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Heider, Luke (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McClure, J. Trenton (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sanchez, Javier (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan Carlos (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: VanLeeuwen, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McKenna, Shawn (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Morley, Paul (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Heider, Luke (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan Carlos (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Vanderstichel, Raphael (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 274 application/pdf

abstract:
The first major objective of this thesis was to determine the antimicrobial
susceptibilities from the most common pathogens isolated from clinical samples, from
food animals and companion animals submitted to the bacteriology diagnostic laboratory
at Atlantic Veterinary College over a 20 years period, which is described in chapters 2
and 3. The second major objective was to determine the antimicrobial resistance and the
associated resistance genes to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and
fluoroquinolones in enteric bacteria from dairy cattle and humans within the Maritime
Provinces using selective culture (chapters 4 to 6). Chapter 5’s objective was to explore if
colostrum was a potential source of ESC and fluoroquinolone resistance identified in
calves from chapter 4.
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and resistance trends in pathogens from
cattle, small ruminants and pigs were described in chapter 2. Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus uberis, and Escherichia coli were the predominantly isolated agents of
bovine mastitis, while E. coli, P. multocida, M. haemolytica, and H. somni were the
major bacteria isolated from small ruminants and non-mastitis clinical samples of cattle.
Escherichia coli, S. suis, and P. multocida accounted for over 70% of the total pathogens
isolated from clinical samples originating from pigs. A high proportion of the food animal
pathogens were susceptible to the antimicrobials tested over the entire study period,
especially the mastitis pathogens and pathogens isolated from small ruminants.
Decreased resistance to aminoglycosides was consistent in all three food animal species.
However, increased resistance to ceftiofur was found in E. coli from cattle and pigs over
the period. In general, multi-drug resistance (MDR) was higher in cattle and pigs compared to small ruminants. In cattle isolates (mastitis and non-mastitis pathogens),
MDR was higher in Gram-negative pathogens, especially E. coli, and in small ruminants,
MDR was most commonly found in M. haemolytica and P. multocida. Interestingly in
swine, MDR was common in Gram-positive isolates, such as Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae and Staphylococcus spp.
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and AMR trends in pathogens from horses,
cats, and dogs were described in chapter 3. Streptococcus zooepidemicus and E. coli were
the most commonly isolated pathogens of horses. Similar bacterial pathogens were
isolated from both dogs and cats with E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. being the most
frequently isolated Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens, respectively. Among
the horse pathogens, lower susceptibility frequencies were common to tetracycline, TMS,
and ampicillin, while isolates were frequently susceptible to ceftiofur. Higher
susceptibilities (compared to horses) were seen in dog and cat pathogens, although cat
pathogens were more likely to be susceptible to tested antimicrobials compared with
bacterial species recovered from dogs. Generally, among the companion animals, most
AMR trends were stable over the study period. While increased resistance was seen to
both amikacin and gentamicin in Actinobacillus spp., and Streptococcus zooepidemicus to
TMS in the horse. Increased antimicrobial resistance trends were commonly seen to
enrofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanate in dog pathogens. Increased resistance to
cefovecin was also observed in coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. in dogs.
Decreasing AMR trends were found to the aminoglycosides in dog and cat pathogens.
Multi-drug resistance in equine pathogens was low, however, when it was seen, it was
more commonly found in Gram-negative pathogens, especially Klebsiella spp. and E. coli. Multi-drug resistance was generally low in dog and cat pathogens, but the frequency
was significantly higher in dogs compared to cats and horses. All methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus spp. from dogs were MDR in this study.
In chapter 4, the frequency and risk factors of reduced susceptibility to extendedspectrum
cephalosporin resistance were examined in Salmonella enterica and E. coli
from fecal samples from 488 dairy calves from eight herds using selective culture. The
frequency of fecal carriage of Salmonella enterica was low (3.3%). The recovered
Salmonella isolates were pan-susceptible, and ESC resistance was not detected. All the
Salmonella enterica isolates belonged to three serovars: Senftenberg, Typhimurium
DT02, and Derby. Eighty-one percent of calves were positive for E. coli with reduced
susceptibility to ESC (sESC-R E. coli). From the selected sESC-R E. coli (n=100), 88%
demonstrated phenotypic resistance to ESC (ceftriaxone and/or ceftiofur) based on MIC
testing. From these 88 ESC-R E. coli; blaTEM was detected in 84.1%, blaCMY-2 was
detected in 52.2%, 15.9% were blaCTX-M-9 positive, 9.1% blaCTX-M-1 positive, 9.1% were
blaCTX-M-2 positive, and blaSHV was detected in 1.1% of isolates. Sixty percent (60%) of
the ESC-R E. coli had two or more β-lactamase resistance genes. Plasmid-mediated
quinolone resistance genes were detected from seven of the nine isolates with reduced
susceptibility to quinolones. Five isolates were positive for qnrB alone, and two isolates
were positive for both qnrB and qnrS. Neonatal age calves (OR=2.42), regular ceftiofur
use on the farm (OR=3.83) feeding of unpasteurized, non-saleable milk (OR=1.6), use of
florfenicol (OR=2.02) and use of ceftiofur for the treatment of respiratory diseases
(OR=0.57) were associated with the fecal recovery of E. coli with reduced susceptibility
to ESC. In chapter 5, the potential role of dairy colostrum as a source of antimicrobial
resistant bacteria to newborn dairy calves was examined. ESC-R E. coli were detected
in 20 (4.43%) of the 452 colostrum samples. At least one ESC-R E. coli isolate was
detected in 6 (75%) of the 8 dairy herds. All ESC-R E. coli had phenotypic MDR
profiles. No blaCTX-M group genes were detected, but blaCMY-2 and blaTEM genes were
detected in nine (45%), and seven (35%) of the twenty ESC-R E. coli isolates recovered.
In chapter 6, the frequency of humans’ fecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus spp., carbapenem-resistant E. coli, and generic E. coli with reduced
susceptibility to ESC and fluoroquinolones were examined. The recovery of ESCresistant
and quinolone-resistant E. coli was low (<10%) out of 489 human fecal samples.
Carbapenem-resistant E. coli and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis or faecium
were not detected in any samples in this study. The β-lactamase-resistance gene profile of
the 26 ESC-R E. coli isolates was as follows: 25 (96.2%) of harbored blaTEM, 18 (69.2%)
harbored blaCMY-2, 16 (61.5%) harbored blaCTX-M groups (blaCTX-M-1 = 9, blaCTX-M-9 = 5,
and blaCTX-M-2 =2 isolates), and two (7.7%) isolates harbored blaSHV resistance genes.
The majority of isolates (92.3%) harbored two or more resistance genes. Twenty-one
(8.3%) out of 253 human fecal samples were positive for qnr-producing E. coli isolates.
Of the E. coli isolates, Three (14.3%) harbored qnrB, five (23.8%) harbored qnrS, and
thirteen (61.9%) were positive for both qnrB and qnrS genes.
Overall, this research has provided valuable information on the antimicrobial
susceptibility patterns of commonly cultured pathogens from food and companion
animals from the Atlantic region of Canada. This information may influence the rational
use of antimicrobials by clinicians in choosing empirical therapies and treatment protocols within the food animal industries and companion animal veterinary practices in
Atlantic Canada. Also, this study has provided an estimate of extended spectrum
cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance in dairy calves and humans, as well as
carbapenem and vancomycin resistance in humans within Prince Edward Island.
Additionally, this research has provided information on the resistance genes associated
with the occurrence of ESC and fluoroquinolone resistance in Atlantic Canada.


title: The influence of digital technology on student motivation and engagement

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor: McAuley, Sandy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Gabriel, Martha (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McAuley, Sandy (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Gabriel, Martha (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: MacDonald, Ron (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Snow, Kathy (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 151 application/pdf

abstract:
This qualitative case study explored the influence of digital technologies on student motivation and engagement in the classroom for the purpose of improving instruction and learning. This study was based on 21st century learning skills with a focus on information and technology skills as a means of providing students with an authentic experience for knowledge creation and was intended to facilitate discussion among educators, administrators, and technology curriculum developers.
This study focused on elementary school students from a multi-grade classroom in a rural community within the English Language School Board in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Students were provided with the opportunity to use digital technologies as tools to support and enhance their motivation and engagement with respect to learning. Whole-class observations, informal discussions, and semi-structured interviews provided insight into the effects that digital technology had on the students’ motivation and engagement with learning.


title: Epistemología subversiva

creator:
, (Thesis advisor)
(Degree grantor)
, (Committee member)

subject: Specific Literature: Spanish literature--Group: (by) women writers--Time Period: 1500-1599--Subject Author: Teresa de Jes?s (1515-1582)--(and) Lispector, Clarice (1924-1977)--Other Terms: (relationship to) mysticism--epistemology------------

abstract: The search for a voice within the structures of patriarchy has been a constant of women's creative process. To acquire a voice is only as successful as it is important for it to be heard. Mysticism has offered both an intellectual and a linguistic space from which the female subject has been able to configure itself as a speaking-subject from within the absences, desires, and bifurcations in the process of meaning. Both Theresa of Jesus and Clarice Lispector contribute to the development of feminist discourse. Within its own historiography each discourse looks at displacement, chaos, the tumultuous and exquisite search which incites the writers to experiment with words to form a new language: a language of women and for women. Despite the distances--historical, literary, linguistic and aesthetic--both women choose to shape their cosmogony by using language as a basis that allows them to articulate the horizons from which and to which their poetic and philosophical universe moves. It is not surprising that such languages transmit a certain instability as the reader's historical, cultural and psychological beliefs are subverted. Theresa's writings explore the shifts in knowledge away from the theological rationalism of religious discourse. Lispector's transgressions challenge the process of cognitive acquisition by the subject. She destabilizes the liberal Humanist tradition of transmission of knowledge. This new configuration of the acquisition of knowledge results in an epistemological crisis as it remakes the constitution of the subject and embodies knowledge as a profound experience of the unknown.


title: The new model of Cautious Processing

subject: cautious processing--trust--risk perceptions--ambiguous relational events--transgression evaluations--dating--romantic relationships--judgment--Risk Perception--Social Dating--Social Psychology--Trust (Social Behavior)--Evaluation--Romance------

abstract: Recent work in the area of risk and evaluations of transgressions and ambiguous events determined that relationship length appeared to moderate people's judgments of these incidents. Essentially, this study demonstrated that when short-term daters (i.e., relationships of 4 to 24 months) were exposed to the risks inherent in romantic relationships, they evaluated a subsequent relational event significantly more negatively than short-term control participants.


title: And Christ dwelt in the heart of His house

abstract: CTM 65872; George Edward MacDonald.; 6 microfiche ; 11 x 15 cm;


title: Cyclooxygenase and CD147 expression in human and feline oral squamous cell carcinoma

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan C. (Thesis advisor)

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Martin, Chelsea (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan C. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hanna, Paul (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hurta, Robert (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Burton, Shelley (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Martin, Chelsea (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan C. (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: , Robert Hurta (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Maetinson, Shannon (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 122 application/pdf

abstract: Many investigators have provided evidence supporting the role of chronic inflammation in the development and progression of many types of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OSCC is a highly invasive and aggressive malignancy that occurs in humans and in animals. OSCC is the sixth most common cancer in people, with an estimated 4600 new cases in Canada in 2016, and 1250 deaths. One of the ways that inflammation can contribute to cancer progression is by promoting tumour cell invasiveness. Human OSCC has been found to have increased expression of CD147. It is a known mediator of invasive behavior that has been suggested as a possible target for cancer therapy. Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) are important mediators of inflammation that are up regulated in OSCC and other cancers. A relationship between inflammation and CD147 in cancer was recently proposed in hypopharyngeal human carcinoma. Similar to the situation in humans, OSCC is the most common tumour in the oral cavity of cats and is very aggressive with an average survival of only 2-4 months. Studies have shown that COX-2 is expressed in feline OSCC and COX inhibitors are used as part of OSCC treatment in cats. Studying feline OSCC provides an opportunity to learn about core mechanisms of this disease shared between species, possibly revealing treatment strategies that may help patients. Cats provide an excellent opportunity for studying OSCC as they are an outbred, diverse animal population that suffers from aggressive disease and quick disease progression. The objective of this project was to determine if there is a positive relationship between the cyclooxygenase pathway of inflammation and CD147 expression in feline and human OSCC. Evaluation of immunohistochemistry results showed that a subset of human and feline OSCC patients express COX-2 and CD147. This finding was confirmed in three human and three feline OSCC cell lines using RT-qPCR, which showed varying expression of COX-1, COX-2 and CD147. Additionally, the human and feline OSCC cell lines secreted PGE2 into culture medium. A significant relationship between COX-2 and CD147 expression was not revealed in either species, but it was found that COX-1 may be a source of tumour derived PGE2 and may serve as a therapeutic target for some human and feline patients. Additionally, this is the first report of CD147 expression in a feline malignancy. The role of CD147 in feline tumour progression warrants further study, and pet cats with OSCC may present an opportunity to evaluate future CD147-targeted therapies.


title: Risk factors affecting wing injuries of broiler chickens at a slaughter plant in New Brunswick, Canada

contributor: Hurnik, Dan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Daoust, Pierre-Yves (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McNiven, mary (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hurnik, Dan (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Heider, Luke (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Martinson, Shannon (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Davidson, Jeff (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 97 application/pdf

abstract: An epidemiological study was conducted on risk factors affecting wing injuries of broiler chickens during catching and transportation to a slaughter plant in New Brunswick, Canada. The slaughter plant provided detailed information about the truck loads of chickens transported to the plant between January 2009 and July 2010. All of the information was collated into a single file. The data was divided into different handling events, with which each event representing a collection of loads coming from the same producer during a single time period (handling event). A multilevel model with three levels: producer (86), handling event (1694) and loads (4494) were fitted to the data. The final model included seven variables: weight, sex, season, catching team, time of day during catching, speed of catching and the interaction between speed of catching and time of day during catching. An increase in bird weight lead to an increase in the occurrence wing injuries (P< 0.001). The model shows that loads with mixed sex and pullets had higher percentage of wing injuries than loads with cockerels (P<0.001). Loading in the fall resulted in significantly decreased wing injuries compared to loading in the winter, spring and summer (P<0.001). There was significant difference in percentage of wing injuries between different catching teams (P<0.001). The effect of time of day was dependent on the speed of catching. However the percentage of injuries is always lower in the night time regardless of the speed of catching. In the afternoon the percentage of injuries were higher especially if the speed of catching was higher.


title: Improved detection of a fish virus with a segmented genome by Real-Time RT-qPCR

contributor: Aburto, Enrique (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hartwig, Sunny (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kibenge, Molly (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez, Juan Carlos (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hanna, Paul (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez, Juan Carlos (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hartwig, Sunny (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 86 application/pdf

abstract:
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a virus that infects farmed and wild salmonids in Norway, United
Kingdom, Ireland, Chile, United States and Canada. The virus infection is associated with heart
and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), an important disease in salmon aquaculture reported
in Norway, Scotland, and Chile. The pathogenesis of PRV infection is still not well understood,
and there is still controversy about its role in HSMI since some studies report high viral loads by
RT-qPCR in both fish with and without lesions. The PRV genome comprises 10 double stranded
RNA segments, and most diagnostic tests only target a few specific segments. Nevertheless, the
amplification of transcripts by RT-qPCR is likely to be different since the copy number of RNA
transcripts from each segment is in direct relation to the protein abundance. Therefore, this
study aims to develop new RT-qPCR assays targeting the first five PRV genome segments and
determine which transcript cycle threshold (CT) best reflects virus load in a fish tissue sample.
The PRV cRNA standards were created by in-vitro transcription, and the copy numbers were
quantified. Standard curves were generated making 10-fold serial dilutions of the PRV cRNA
over a range of 1 x 108
 to 1 x 104
 copies/ul. The standard curves had a reaction efficiency of 95%,
92%, 91%, 99%, 90% for the L1, L2, L3, M1, M2 segments, respectively. These assays exhibited
high specificity since no cross reaction with infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) and salmonid
alphavirus (SAV) was observed. This study reports a highly significant difference (P<0.001) in the
viral concentration obtained by targeting L1, L2, L3, M1, and M2 segments. Besides, a greater
sensitivity was obtained for L2, L3 and M1 RT-qPCR assays when archived fish tissue samples
were tested. Therefore, this approach may improve the detection of PRV in fish tissue samples
and suggests additional PRV-segments to the current diagnostic criteria.


title: The treatment of youth anxiety: Historical and current narratives

contributor: Tilleczek, Kate (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Moran, James (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bell, Brandi (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Tilliczek, Kate (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Mitchell, Jean (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Boydell, Katherine (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Bell, Brandi (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Moran, James (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 144 application/pdf

abstract:
This master’s thesis is a qualitative analysis of youth mental health journeys in Atlantic Canada, asking how youth experience treatments in the mental health system. Participants (N=8), aged 13-18, identified with anxiety disorders and had sought services within the mental health system. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with participants. Youth narrative summaries were presented providing rich youth perspectives in mental health research. A thematic analysis detailed both positive and negative experiences, which acted as facilitators and barriers for treatment often in contradictory forms. The central themes were: therapeutic relationships, treatment in school, medicalization, wait times, and being stuck in the margins. Communication and trust issues, a lack of comprehensive treatment options, and the complexity of navigating the system, pervaded the narratives. A social historical framework also informed the design, analysis, and findings of this thesis, which tracked the rise of anxiety in the twentieth century and contextualized current day treatments. This thesis has produced insights regarding the importance of youth perspectives in evaluating mental health care given the marginalization of these perspectives in past psychiatric discourses and present- day narratives.
Keywords: youth, qualitative, anxiety, treatment, social history, mental health.


title: Development of an in vitro model of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon

contributor:
Riley, Christopher B. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

format: NO_OBJ electronic application/pdf

abstract: Source type: Print(0)


title: Rural and urban teaching experiences of eight prairie teachers

contributor:
Preston, J. P. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic application/pdf


title: Corporal punishment [microform]: Women's bodies and their eighteenth-century readers

contributor:
Magrath, Jane (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Degree grantor)
(Committee member)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

subject: Specific Literature: English literature--Group: (by) women writers--Time Period: 1700-1799--Literary Theme: (treatment of) female body--female beauty

abstract: Corporal Punishment' argues that the eighteenth-century female body functioned as a shifting signifier whose often contradictory meanings were determined by numerous intersecting cultural discourses. Although its focus is conventional representation, this dissertation observes that the autobiographical writings of several women--Teresia Constantia Phillips and Mary Leapor, for example--expose the gaps between representation and the lived experiences of the body. It suggests that these gaps mark sites of resistance. The introduction begins with the 1733 murder trial of Sarah Malcolm, who argued that it was her own menstrual blood rather than the blood of the murdered woman that stained her clothing. This chapter suggests that the court misread the blood and that Malcolm hanged both because of and despite her female body. Chapter one argues that, despite changes over the century in attitudes toward the prostitute, her body was consistently represented as always-already-ruined, Phillips' Apology, however, challenges this conventional representation by clearly marking the moment of her ruin and naming her debaucher. Chapter two links debates about female beauty to a number of other cultural concerns--philosophical aesthetics, the opposition between nature and artifice, and the economics of the marriage market. This chapter argues that, under the rubric of beauty, the female body bears the burden of a number of conflicting cultural anxieties. Chapter three focuses on the published letters of Elizabeth Carter, Elizabeth Montagu, and Catherine Talbot. The lives of these women were characterized by their intellectual pursuits and marked by physical illness. This chapter suggests that the shifting representation of their bodies in relation to their minds challenges the conventional, gendered mind-body dualism. Chapter four reads Pope's personal invectives and contemporary satire in general through the lens of eighteenth-century penal practices. It argues that these satiric representations functioned as a kind of corporal punishment, and that they forced women to bear the burden of the body for both genders. This dissertation surveys a rather eclectic group of textual sources--novels, poetry, memoirs, letters, pamphlets, medical treatises--in an attempt to explore a cultural rather than genre-specific representation of eighteenth-century women's bodies.


title: Perception of tone sequences from the Western-European chromatic scale: Tonality, transposition and the pitch set

title: Queen's University, 1975. National Library of Canada, 1976.

subject: tonality & transposition & pitch set, perception of tone sequences from Western European chromatic scale, listeners differing in level of music training

subject: Auditory Perception

subject: Auditory Stimulation

subject: Pitch (Frequency)

subject: Psychology


title: Immunologic and pathologic response to aerosolized bacterial protease and detergent

title: 210 leaves University of Guelph Canadian Theses Division, National Library, Ottawa. 1977

subject:
Respiratory system
aerosols
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus
Bacillaceae
Firmicutes
bacteria
prokaryotes
Animal Health and Hygiene General
Path Micro


title: The Professional,  cultural and sociopolitical dimensions of psychiatric theory in France, 1840-1900.

contributor:
Dowbiggin, Ian R. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

subject: 1840-1900--Science and Society.--Psychiatry.--France

abstract: Publication: U. of Rochester 1986. 500 pp.


title: Representation and recognition: Anglo-American Influence on the Evolution of Canadian Autonomy after Versaille.

contributor:
Kurial, Richard G. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

subject: 1923--Canada.--Sovereignty.--Great Britain.--Foreign Policy.--Canada

abstract: Publication: U. of California, San Diego 1990. 289 pp.


title: Bacterial diversity of the octocoral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae via culture-dependent and culture-independent methods and screening of selected bacteria for antimicrobial activity

contributor: Kerr, Russell (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Saleh, Tarek (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Zhang, Junzeng (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lewis, Jeffrey (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hill, Russell (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McClure, J Trenton (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Kerr, Russell (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, Andrew (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 352 application/pdf PUBLISHED

rights: The author has agreed that the Library, University of Prince Edward Island, may make this thesis freely available for inspection. Moreover, the author has agreed that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised the thesis work recorded herein or, in their absence, by the Chair of the Department or the Dean of the Faculty in which the thesis work was done. It is understood that due recognition will be given to the author of this thesis and to the University of Prince Edward Island in any use of the material in this thesis. Copying or publication or any other use of the thesis for financial gain without approval by the University of Prince Edward Island and the author‘s written permission is prohibited.

abstract:
Alcyonacean octocorals (Order Alcyonacea, amended from Order, Gorgoniidae) are both dominant on Caribbean reefs and prolific sources of bioactive natural products. Although extensive literature has been published with respect to stony coral-associated bacteria, very little is known regarding bacterial populations in healthy octocorals. In this thesis, the octocoral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae was selected as a model organism to investigate owing to its commercial significance and its understudied bacterial community. The overall hypothesis of this thesis is that the bacterial community of P. elisabethae is diverse and can be cultured to produce a valuable and sustainable source of novel natural products. To test this hypothesis, three studies were performed. In the first investigation, pyrosequencing was used to examine the culture independent bacterial community in P. elisabethae. In the second study, bacteria were isolated from P. elisabethae using nine diverse isolation media to maximize the number of isolates. The final approach involved assessing the ability of bacterial isolates to produce antimicrobial compounds via screening fermentation extracts against five clinically relevant pathogens.
Pyrosequencing results from 14 coral-associated bacterial sequence libraries suggested P. elisabethae individuals are a rich source of diverse and novel bacteria. Bacterial communities were analyzed at the class and the species level, where a lack of conservation between conspecifics within and between reefs in the Bahamas was observed. From the culturing approach, 852 bacteria were isolated and were de-replicated by MALDI-TOF MS to approximately 78 unique isolates. In addition, sequences generated from de-replicated isolates were compared to the pyrosequencing community at 97% sequence similarity, yet very little overlap (0.44%) was observed. Regardless, de-replicated isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity, where a Streptomyces sp. RKBH-B54 and genetically-related Pseudoalteromonas spp. were reproducibly bioactive against yeast and Gram-positive bacteria respectively. Due to the potent bioactivity of RKBH-B54, a bioassay guided fractionation was performed in an attempt to isolate the antifungal compound produced. Dihydromaltophilin and maltophilin were proposed as the most likely compounds responsible for the observed antifungal activity from RKBH-B54 based on comparison of UPLC/HRMS data to analytical databases; unfortunately, the instability of these compounds prevented complete purification and structural elucidation. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated that P. elisabethae is a rich source of diverse bacteria, yet collecting multiple individuals throughout the Bahamas is required to truly evaluate the microbial biodiversity in this octocoral. It is also concluded that the potent and reproducible bioactivity of selected bacterial extracts from P. elisabethae can be used as a resource for developing potentially new therapeutic agents.


title: Comparing the effectiveness of hard and soft armouring techniques in protecting the eroding coastlines of Augustine Cove, Prince Edward Island

contributor: Wagner, Brian (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Catto, Norm (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Fenech, Adam (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Wagner, Brian (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Catto, Norm (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 157 application/pdf

abstract:
Prince
Edward
Island
is
unique
in
that
it
is
composed
primarily
of
red
sandstone,
which
is
friable
and
thus
makes
Canada’s
smallest
province
particularly
sensitive
to
the
effects
of
climate
change.
Coastal
landowners
on
PEI
have
historically
used
a
variety
of
coastal
erosion
protection
methods
in
order
to
preserve
their
properties
and
protect
infrastructure
close
to
the
coastline,
but
many
are
unsure
of
the
most
effective
method
of
protection.
One
new
form
of
shoreline
protection
that
has
gained
attention
over
the
past
decade,
but
has
not
been
implemented
with
any
regularity
on
PEI
is
a
“living
shoreline”,
which
uses
natural,
biodegradable
materials,
as
well
as
plants,
rather
than
hard
stone
to
protect
against
coastal
erosion.
In
August
of
2015
a
living
shoreline
was
installed
at
Camp
Abegweit,
located
in
Augustine
Cove,
Prince
Edward
Island.
This
thesis
examined
the
coastal
erosion
taking
place
at
this
property
by
looking
at
its
three
sections
of
coastline;
the
western
section,
which
is
protected
by
armour
stone;
the
center
section,
which
is
protected
by
living
shoreline;
and
the
eastern
section,
which
has
no
protection
methods
in
place
and
thus
served
as
a
control
site.
Data
was
collected
between
September,
2015
and
September,
2016,
using
two
different
methods;
measuring
on-‐the-‐ground
erosion
using
a
traditional
peg-‐line
technique
at
eight
monitoring
locations,
and
through
analyzing
aerial
imagery,
acquired
from
four
sUAS
(small
Unmanned
Aerial
System)
flights.
Results
from
the
traditional
peg-‐line
technique
showed
that
the
greatest
average
erosion,
more
specifically
bluffline
and
cliff
edge
erosion,
from
2015-‐2016
took
place behind
the
natural
section
(control
site)
of
coastline
(38
cm),
followed
by
the
living
shoreline
(21
cm)
and
finally
the
armour
stone
(4
cm).
Examining
the
orthomosaics
and
DSMs
(Digital
Surface
Models),
it
was
possible
to
quantify
erosion
using
two
methods:
delineation
of
the
coastline
using
orthomosaics,
and
volumetric
calculation
using
the
DSMs.
Delineation
revealed
that
the
greatest
average
erosion
from
2015-‐
2016
took
place
behind
the
living
shoreline
(50
cm),
followed
by
the
natural
section
of
coastline
(45
cm)
and
finally
the
armour
stone
(6
cm).
Volumetric
results
showed
that
the
greatest
total
loss
took
place
at
the
natural
section
of
shoreline
(95
m3),
followed
by
the
living
shoreline
(80
m3),
and
finally
the
least
erosion
was
again
found
at
the
armour
stone
(gain
of
88
m3).
Both
methodologies
showed
that
the
armour
stone
provided
superior
bluffline
erosion
protection
at
Camp
Abegweit
over
the
course
of
one
year.
While
there
may
be
benefits
to
using
living
shorelines,
it
would
seem
that
this
particular
style
of
living
shoreline
is
not
suited
for
such
a
high
wave
energy
environment.


identifier:
ir:5746
Applied Human Sciences
isbn:

title: The effects of exercise induced blood acidity on the albuminuria responses of trained male athletes

creator:
Montelpare, W.J. (Author)
, (author)
, (Thesis advisor)
(Degree grantor)
, (Committee member)

abstract:
Albuminuria, which has been defined as an abnormal increase in the urinary
output of the plasma protein albumin, has become a common observation in the urine of
subjects participating in severe physical activity. Identifying the processes which have been
altered by the stimulus of exercise may be of extreme importance in attempting to explain the
observance of post-exercise outputs of albumin.


identifier: Reference Identifier: 9170 ISSN/ISBN: 061269223X

title: The question of punishment and the contemporary relevance of Thomas Aquinas [microform]

title: University of Toronto, 2002 Ottawa : National Library of Canada =Biblioth?que nationale du Canada, [2003]

subject: Religious Studies

abstract: Justifying the human institution of punishment has been a central theme in the history of moral and political philosophy. At no time has this been more apparent than at the present, where this question has evoked a great debate between two schools of thought, namely, utilitarianism and retributivism. This thesis firstly attempts to articulate the central questions underlying this debate and to articulate the powerful criticisms each side renders against one another. It is our thesis that, whereas each side seems to be successful in pointing out the defects of their opponent, neither has been able to answer the most powerful criticisms rendered against them. The result of this, we argue, is that one must look beyond the contemporary debate to see the true meaning and justification of punishment within political life. This is possible either by construing a theory of punishment not yet considered by the tradition of political philosophy, or by rediscovering a theory of punishment articulated by one of that tradition's non-contemporary members. This thesis opts for the latter, and considers the contribution Thomas Aquinas can make to this great question. The thesis contains six chapters. The first chapter considers the roots of utilitarianism and retributivism by looking to the thought of Jeremy Bentham and Immanuel Kant. Each thinker is introduced by a brief discussion of his moral and political thought as a whole followed by a treatment of his understanding of punishment. The second chapter is concerned more with the contemporary literature, and with the specific arguments of utilitarians and retributivists against one another. Chapter Three introduces the thought of Thomas Aquinas and is chiefly concerned with establishing the meaning of punishment (' poena') in its widest moral, political, and theological significance. Chapter Four continues this discussion by considering divine punishment, a question not central to the contemporary debate but essential for understanding Thomas' contribution. Chapter Five considers Thomas' discussion of human punishment, or his understanding of punishment's role and justification within the human political order. Chapter Six concludes by discussing Thomas' teaching in light of the contemporary debate between utilitarians and retributivists, and by explaining his contribution to that debate.


title: Optimal treatment regimes from productivity and economic standpoints: The management of suspended mussel lines using high pressure water treatments for the vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis

contributor: Kibenge, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnson, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Landry, Thomas (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, David (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Landry, Thomas (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McNiven, Mary (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 102 application/pdf

abstract: The invasive tunicate Ciona intestinalis (L., 1767) had an economic impact on the aquaculture of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (L., 1758) in Prince Edward Island (PEI) and other areas. This tunicate fouls mussel socks suspended on long lines in the water, increasing the weight of the lines and reducing the weight and number of mussels, decreasing overall productivity and profitability. This study determined the relative effects of high pressure water treatment schedules over a 4 month period on two representative sites located in Murray and Brudenell Rivers on PEI. Results indicated that initiating treatment early in the season (July) and treating another 2 or 3 times on a monthly basis had the greatest effect on reducing tunicate numbers and size and enabling greater mussel productivity and farm profitability. While the most effective treatment may ultimately be site-specific, the two sites in this study support the notion that beginning treatment when tunicates are small is one of the most significant parts of a treatment strategy. The optimal treatment strategy needs to be balanced with the most cost effective regime to maintain or improve the economic potential of a mussel farm. Results show that a treatment regime that includes three or four treatments consistently results in an economic advantage over treating two times. If treating mussel socks only two times, treating them early also shows substantial economic advantage.


title: Transcriptional signatures of sexual selection, stress, and development in salmon lice (lepeophtheirus salmonis)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Conboy, Gary (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Burka, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hurta, Robert (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Aubin-Horth, Nadia (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Braceland, Mark (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Burka, John (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 285 application/pdf

abstract:
ABSTRACT
The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is an important ectoparasitic copepod of wild and farmed salmon. Management of this parasite in Atlantic salmon aquaculture relies on chemicals administered as baths or in the feed. Unfortunately, multiple-drug resistance has now been reported in all major salmon producing countries, threatening the sustainability of the industry. The development of novel treatments for sea lice has been challenging due to a lack of functional studies and genomic characterization for this non-model species. These knowledge gaps have also impeded progress in finding markers to detect and monitor resistance in the field as part of drug management. In this thesis, a characterization of approximately 20,000 L. salmonis transcripts is described across studies monitoring physiological differences related to chemical exposure. Basal expression differences between sexes, populations, stages, and microsporidian infection are also integrated with these data to both characterize known phenotypes and explore novel responses. An accumulation of gene expression data from different projects described herein were also combined with previously published L. salmonis transcriptomic datasets to make cross-study comparisons and consensus-based gene annotation and characterization.
Meta-analysis of male and female L. salmonis transcriptomes revealed important insights on sexual selection and its relationship with sexually dimporphic traits in lice. Markers were identified for both reproduction and the sexually dimorphic nature of drug resistance, immunity, mobility, and energy expenditure, among other traits. Additionally, male-biased genes appear to be evolving faster than female-biased or unbiased genes, potentially explaining sex differences related to drug resistance. The physiology of lice when exposed to two commonly used delousing drugs, cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate (EMB), was also assessed and characterized across baseline variables such as sex and population. The presence of a novel, vertically-transmitted microsporidian infection was also described in relation to EMB exposed lice, revealing sophisticated patterns of gene expression that included stress-specific genes, general stress genes, and genes that respond non-additively to stress. From a broader perspective, data from multiple studies was used to provide robust annotation of genes involved in stress, including 50 secretory and excretory protein (SEP) genes that respond concordantly to chemical exposures, microsporidian infection, and other environmental challenges such as hyposalinity. These genes are overexpressed in feeding lice compared to starved, and have annotations for digestion, host-immunomodulation, and antimicrobial effects. Other stress markers include heat shock proteins Hsp27 and Hsp70, which respond to stress generally, and could have important roles in future L. salmonis studies. Finally, the efficacy, ultrastructural impacts, and molecular responses of L. salmonis to the most recently licensed therapeutant, lufenuron, was described for the first time. Lufenuron is a chitin synthesis inhibitor and the first new louse drug on the market in nearly two decades. In this work, novel assays were designed to test the physiological responses of lice to this drug without using salmon hosts, and transcriptomic and metabolomic responses were integrated with observations from transmission electron microscopy to describe the failed molting process. Altogether, the work described in this dissertation represents the most comprehensive analysis of gene function in L. salmonis, offering new targets for parasite control, drug resistance monitoring, and stress detection for future work.


title: A parasitological study of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) with a citizen science approach for describing red foxes on Prince Edward Island, Canada

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McRuer, David (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Silva Opps, Marina (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Opps, Sheldon (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Conboy, Gary (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McRuer, David (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Polson, James (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 225 application/pdf

abstract:
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) has been described as the widest distributed member of the Order Carnivora and is capable of inhabiting both natural and human-altered (urban or rural) areas. In the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island (PEI), red foxes are found in natural, rural and urban areas. Since red foxes are found in many areas of PEI, the citizens could benefit from a better understanding of the consequences of living in close proximity with foxes. To accomplish this, studies that encompass all aspects of fox biology are necessary. In the studies featured in this thesis, the main objectives were to survey the parasites infecting the red fox in both urban and rural settings. These studies were done to determine if the urban habitat change has influenced the parasite burden. Additionally, these studies attempted to determine what kind of parasites they are shedding into the urban environment as it can influence exposure to pets and humans.
The distribution of red foxes on PEI was an aspect of their ecology that was in need of study. The first chapter in this thesis aimed to determine if crowd-sourced data on red fox sightings could be used to document the presence and characteristics of red foxes in smaller urban environments (Charlottetown and Stratford, PEI). From September 20, 2012 to May 31, 2014, the public was requested to record sightings of red foxes on a website (www.upei.ca/redfox). During the study period, recorded sighting numbers increased every year with a total of 2670 red fox sightings on PEI – 2040 of those sightings were recorded in the Charlottetown/Stratford areas. Foxes were present throughout the Charlottetown/Stratford areas and were sighted in many other areas across PEI. The methodology used in this study was able to portray the annual breeding patterns by showing a significant increase in sighting proportions with a young/juvenile fox during the late spring to late summer months. Low recruitment and retention of participants in months without a media appearance was a challenge this study faced. This study illustrated that citizen science data can be used to document the presence of foxes in urban areas; but, the approach is less effective when trying to document the presence of foxes in rural areas.
There have been no previous studies on PEI that address the parasites infecting the urban red fox population. From July 2, 2013 to August 20, 2014, a scat survey in Charlottetown and surrounding areas was completed to establish the species of parasites and prevalence by use of both the ZnSO4 centrifugal fecal flotation and modified Baermann technique. During the study period, a total of 263 red fox fecal samples were collected. A total of 21 parasites were detected - thirteen red fox parasites, two potentially spurious and six spurious parasites were found with individual prevalence ranging from 0.3% to 47.5%. Condition of scat and time of year had significant effects on the number of different parasites and/or prevalence of some parasites (p < 0.05). Both significant spatial and spatial-temporal correlations were found for Alaria sp., anoplocephalid, Aonchotheca putorii, Crenosoma vulpis, Cystoisospora canis, Demodex sp., Eimeria sp., and Monocystis sp. (p < 0.05). From this study, the foxes residing in Charlottetown and Stratford were found to be frequently parasitized and is likely to increase parasite exposure to dogs and humans through environmental contamination.
Previous studies that surveyed red fox parasites in rural PEI were only done during the trapping/hunting season (November – January) and were narrowly-focused (i.e. only examined a single parasite) and/or used only the fecal flotation technique. Therefore, to better establish the parasites infecting the red fox in rural areas and estimate their prevalence and intensity, parasite recovery techniques during post mortem of red fox carcasses from different sources (hunters, trappers, road kill) were completed. Between 2012 and 2015, 113 trapped red foxes and 16 urban road-killed foxes from central-eastern PEI were searched for parasites. Intestinal flushes, lung flushes, and fecal analyses were performed on all possible animals. Seven different intestinal parasite species and two respiratory parasite species were found in the red foxes on PEI with infection prevalence ranging from 13.2% to 86.5%. This study represents the first record of Himasthla sp. and Stephanoprora sp. infecting red foxes on PEI. Significant spatial and spatial-temporal clusters were also found for Alaria alata and echinostome flukes. Additionally, the sensitivity of the fecal flotation technique was found to range from 20.6% (Cryptocotyle lingua) to 62.5% (Alaria alata). This study has produced a baseline for parasitic infections in red foxes on PEI for the central and eastern parts of the island. Future survey work should be completed regularly to detect new parasites that have entered into the environment.


title: Developing globally competent teachers through international teacher education: A case study

contributor: Guo-Brennan, Linyuan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Goddard, Tim (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Guo-Brennan, Linyuan (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Goddard, Tim (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Doran, John (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Pike, Graham (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 131 application/pdf

abstract: As the world is becoming increasingly interconnected and the cultural, ethnic, language and religious diversity increases in the Canadian education system, teacher education programs in Canada as well as in countries around the global are challenged with the task of developing teachers’ global competency for teaching and learning in the 21st century. Through understanding five pre-service teachers’ participation in an internationally themed teacher preparation program, this hermeneutic case study explored how pre-service teachers conceptualized and developed global competencies. Attending to the dynamics of global educators’ identity formation, this study revealed key promising program structure and practices in developing globally competent educators. Recommendations for teacher education programs, teacher educators and future research were included in this study. This study provides new insights into how to transform conventional teacher preparation programs and effectively facilitate the development of teachers’ global competencies and their identity as global educators.


title: Productivity and welfare of cows on smallholder dairy farms in Kenya

contributor: VanLeeuwen, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hurnik, Dan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McKenna, Shawn (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Uehlinger, Fabienne (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wichtel, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Crane, Bronwyn (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McKenna, Shawn (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Revie, Crawford (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Windeyer, Claire (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 228 application/pdf

abstract: There is limited field-based research and recommendations on the effects of nutritional, management, and welfare-based interventions on the productivity and efficiency of smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. The objectives of this research on smallholder dairy farms in Kenya were: 1) to determine the associations of feeding, management, cow, and farmer-based variables on the yearly cow-level milk sales (observational study); 2) to determine the associations of nutritional inputs (concentrate and vitamin/mineral supplements), management, cow, and farmer-based variables on cow-level milk production through a randomized controlled feeding trial; 3) to describe the cow-level incidence rate, causative organisms, and possible risk factors of mastitis; 4) to describe the calving interval of cows and its possible associations with nutritional inputs; and 5) to describe the current welfare of cows, and through the use of a controlled field trial, investigate effects of a knowledge-based intervention and re-construction of zero-grazing stalls on cow comfort and welfare parameters.Two cohorts of cows were evaluated in this thesis research. The first cohort was comprised of 111 recently calved cows from 111 smallholder farms (1 cow/farm). This cohort was used to evaluate objectives 1-4. A second cohort of 75 cows from 50 smallholder farms (1-2cows/farm) was used to evaluate objective 5.In an observational study, linear regression modelling was used to determine that volume of milk sold per cow was positively associated with feeding concentrates in the month prior to calving, feeding purchased hay during the past year, deworming cows every four or more months (as opposed to more regularly), and having dairy farming as the main source of family income. Volume of milk sold per cow was negatively associated with a household size of > 5 people, and feeding Napier grass at > 2 meters in height during the dry season. An interaction between gender of the principal farmer and reported feed shortages was noted wherein the volume of milk sold per cow was lower when female farmers experienced feed shortages, whereas milk sales from male farmers were unaffected by reported feed shortages. In a controlled trial, 111 recently calved cows (one cow/farm) were enrolled to evaluate nutritional inputs on the outcome of daily milk production, and were concurrently evaluated for incident cases of mastitis. Cows were randomly allocated to one of nine feeding interventions made up of: three levels of feeding of commercially available dairy meal and mineral, and fed for a period of two months. Through use of a mixed model accounting for repeated measures, cow-level daily milk production was positively associated with each kg/day of dairy meal fed (0.53 kg/day), feeding dairy meal in the month prior to calving (1.42 kg/day), and feeding high protein forages (0.41 kg/day). Daily milk production was negatively associated with having mastitis (- 0.30 kg/day). Cows were evaluated every two weeks for incident cases of subclinical mastitis via California Mastitis Testing and culture. The baseline incidence rate of subclinical mastitis was 0.123 cases/cow-month. The most common pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (58%).The reproductive efficiency of 111 cows was evaluated for pregnancy one and two years after the onset of the nutrition inputs trial. A Cox-proportional hazards model was used to determine the hazard of calving. Mineral feeding was found to have a close to significant effect (P = 0.052) when included as a time varying effect, with mineral feeding closer to the daily recommended intake leading to a higher hazard of calving. Farmers with college or university education and female farmers had cows with a higher hazard of calving (17.33 (3.86-77.78) and 1.95 (1.17-3.26) respectively), compared to farmers who did not finish primary school, and male farmers, respectively. A controlled trial evaluating welfare based interventions on 75 cows from 50 zero-grazing farms had farms randomly allocated to an intervention of training and low-cost stall modifications or a control group (random allocation blocked on farm). Cows were evaluated pre-intervention, and one month and one year following interventions for subjective measures such as stall base hardness and wetness, and cow hygiene and lesion (hock, knee, neck) scoring. Objective measures, such as daily milk production and lying behaviours (through the use of accelerometers), were also collected. Continuous outcomes were evaluated through the use of linear mixed models, and subjective outcomes by Chi-squared tests. Soft stalls were associated with longer lying times (45 minutes/day) in a 24 hour period (over hard stalls), as well as more lying bouts in shorter bout durations. Having softer stalls was also associated with increased daily milk production (0.76 kg/day). Dry stalls were also associated with having more lying bouts/day. Cows in the intervention group were cleaner than control cows at both one month and one year after the intervention. Strategic feeding of concentrates, forages, and minerals is beneficial to improved milk production, and reproductive efficiency in the context of smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Additional benefits to productivity can be attained through improved cow welfare and hygiene.


title: Activation of natural killer (NK) cells and regulation of the NKG2D and DAP10 co-receptors by IL-2 and IL-18

contributor: van den Heuvel, Michael (Thesis advisor)

contributor: Markham, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Martin, Chelsea (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: van den Heuvel, Michael (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lacroix, Christian (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: van den Heuvel, Michael (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, Fred (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Martin, Chelsea (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Makrigiannis, Andrew (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 254 application/pdf

abstract: Interleukin-18 (IL-18), known to exert its potential effect on the promotion of NK cell function,  has demonstrated considerable therapeutic activity in murine models of cancer and has indicated limited anti-tumor efficacy in advanced cancer patients without apparent toxicities. While Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has best demonstrated the potential of cytokines in cancer immunotherapy, its clinical application has been limited by severe adverse effects. Due to their noted divergent, but complementary effects the combination of IL-2 and IL-18 continues as a viable strategy to induce NK  cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. The overarching objective of this thesis was to examine both the efficacy and the mechanisms of combinations of IL-2 and IL-18 on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In a preliminary study, the 4T1 tumor model was employed to investigate overall systemic effects of IL-18. Mouse recombinant IL-18 administered to mice prior to tumor implantation led to a significant increase in tumor volume and weight at 25 days in treated animals. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of lymphoid cells from the 4T1 induced tumor groups suggested that NKG2D receptor expression decreased in IL-18 treated mice compared to controls on day 25. These adverse effects of IL-18 on tumor growth and marked decrease of NKG2D receptor in lymphocytes led to in vitro exploration of NK cell-mediated effects of IL-18. For subsequent work, the NK- 92 cell line was used as the experimental model. The effects of combinations of IL-2, IL- 12 and IL-18 on the cell surface expression of the NKG2D receptor at varying doses and times were determined by flow cytometry, with selected combinations supported by RT-qPCR. These studies eliminated IL-12 as an ideal candidate to augment IL-2 mediated NKG2D surface expression in NK-92 cells as it effects were mostly inhibitory. However, IL-18 augmented the effects of IL-2 at the majority of time points by increasing protein expression of NKG2D in the NK-92 cell line. Furthermore, the enhancement of NKG2D surface expression by IL-2 (10 ng/mL) and IL-18 (10 and 100 ng/mL) at 24 h exposure was accompanied by significant increases in NKG2D mRNA expression. Subsequent experiments examined cytotoxicity towards both the MCF-7 and K-562 cell lines using flow cytometry. Results indicated that priming of NK-92 cells with optimal combinations of IL-2 and IL-18 increases cumulative cytotoxicity, concomitantly with increased NKG2D surface expression. Experiments examined whether IL-18 could elicit similar changes to the DAP10 co-receptor as were observed with NKG2D. As with NKG2D, IL-2 is required to maintain DAP10 protein levels. The addition of IL-18 to IL-2 potentiates an increase in DAP10, although less strongly than for NKG2D and increases were intracellular - not on the cell surface. IL-18 in combination with IL-2 did not increase DAP10 mRNA expression. If, in fact, the addition of IL-18 suppresses the potential of DAP10 mRNA, the findings conflict with suggestions that the regulation of DAP10 protein expression provides a mechanism that controls NKG2D surface expression. Indeed, the present study failed to detect significant quantities of DAP10 on the surface of the NK-92 cells. Finally, the hypothesis that IL-18 acts on the cell through the regulation of cytokine receptors was examined. The most consistent effect of IL-18 in combination with IL-2 was the increased surface expression of the high affinity IL-2Rα Like NKG2D and DAP10, the IL-18Rα also required IL-2 to maintain cell surface expression whereas IL-18 alone and in combination with IL-2 only elicited minor stimulatory effects on its own receptor. Additionally, IL-18 alone enhanced the expression of IL-2Rα and IL- 18Rα required  IL-2 to maintain cell surface expression. Until further studies delineate the complexities of the tumor microenvironment and the immune system response to these cytokines, their applications in immunotherapy will best be suited to NK cell manipulation in a more controlled environment such as that practiced in ex vivo manipulation for adoptive cell transfer. IL-18 shows strong potential in priming of cells for such an approach. Such stimulatory effects of IL-18 are likely happening through the upregulation the NKG2D receptor. However, these findings suggest that NKG2D and DAP1O co-receptor expression may be more uncoupled than previously thought and suggest that increases in the high affinity IL-2Ra may be the most likely mechanism whereby IL-2 and IL-18 combination increases cell surface expression of NKG2D.


title: Improving the prevention and control of piscirickettsiosis in Chile

contributor: Hurnik, Daniel (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: St Hilaire, Sophie (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sanchez, Javier (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Rees, Erin (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: McConkey, Sandra (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Vanderstichel, Raphael (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Mardones, Fernando (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hurnik, Daniel (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Vanderstichel, Raphael (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: McConkey, Sandra (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Gardner, Ian (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 134 application/pdf

abstract:
Since its inception, aquaculture in Chile has experienced unprecedented growth. Within
approximately 40 years, the country has gone from not having an industry to being the
2nd largest producer of salmon, with an annual production of 830,000 metric tons in
2015. This rapid growth has not come without consequences, one of which is the
appearance of infectious diseases. Currently, piscirickettsiosis, a chronic disease caused
by the facultative-intracellular bacteria Piscirickettsia salmonis, is the most important
cause of death from infectious disease, and the main reason for antibiotic use in the
industry. Although several studies have focused on the causative agent, many
epidemiological aspects of the disease are still not well understood. Using previously
collected data provided by the aquaculture industry, we applied mixed-effects models to
explore 1) the role of different sources of P. salmonis on the occurrence of disease on
saltwater net-pen farms, and 2) the factors behind in-feed antibiotic treatment failure to
control this disease.
We found that factors other than antimicrobial resistance play an important role in the
probability of treatment success. Our results show that treating early in the disease
process (i.e. when mortality is low), may improve the probability of treatment success.
However, we found that antibiotic concentration in tissues obtained from fish during infeed
treatments varied widely and, in a representative sample of P. salmonis isolates in
Chile, a proportion of the population had levels below the minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MIC90). We also found that smaller than average fish within a pen were
more likely to have tissue concentrations of antibiotics below the MIC90, suggesting that the differences in feed consumption due to hierarchical behavior may be driving the
differences in tissue concentration. Future research to improve SRS treatment success
should focus on improving drug delivery to ensure fish acquire the necessary dose of the
product to successfully treat the disease.
Given the high prevalence of SRS and the poor treatment response with this disease, it
seems unlikely that the industry will be able to resolve this disease with treatments
alone. Additional measures, such as preventing exposure to the pathogen, will need to be
implemented as well. Our assessment of the effect of length of fallow suggests that the
most important sources of P. salmonis for farms are infected neighbors and the previous
crop of fish when fallow periods are less than 3 months and the farm has a recent history
of the disease prior to fallowing. Fallowing 3 months or more appeared to reduce the
risk of P. salmonis transmission between production cycles. Although the effect of
infected neighbors was significant, the magnitude of the effect was smaller than we
expected. Future research should explore this source of infection in greater detail to help
identify at what infection level farms become a risk for transmission of P. salmonis to
their neighbors.


title: Infant-mother attachment as a function of maternal sensitivity, cognition, personality, and social support [microform]

subject: maternal sensitivity & perspective taking & personality & social support, attachment, mothers & their 12 mo olds--Attachment Behavior--Personality Traits--Role Taking--Sensitivity (Personality)--Social Support--Mother Child Relations


title: Movement patterns, home range and den site selection of urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on Prince Edward Island, Canada

contributor: Silva-Opps, Marina (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Opps, Sheldon (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Vanderstichel, Rapheal (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sanchez, Javier (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Opps, Sheldon (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Silva-Opps, Marina (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 236 application/pdf

abstract:
The opportunistic and adaptable nature of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in terms of habitat, diet and movement patterns, has contributed to their vast success in urban areas worldwide. Understanding the ecology and behaviour of urban wildlife, in particular carnivore species, is becoming increasingly important for reasons pertaining to management strategies, human-wildlife conflict prevention and wildlife health. On Prince Edward Island (hereafter PEI), foxes successfully colonized urban areas shortly after the establishment of eastern coyote (Canis latrans) populations in the 1980’s, as an effort to avoid competition and conflict with the larger canid. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate key ecological indicators such as den site selection, home range size, habitat selection and movement patterns within Charlottetown in order to discern potential anthropogenic effects on the species.
Citizen science in combination with physical surveys was used over two years to locate and record measurements of fox den-sites within Charlottetown. In addition, logistic regression modelling was used to examine potentials relationships between environmental variables (land use type, distance to roads) and den site locations in order to identify factors associated with the occurrence of den sites within Charlottetown. Over 124 den site locations were recorded over the study period with mean distance to the nearest road found to be 95.9 ± SD 77.1 m. Den analysis results also indicated that the odds of finding a fox den within this urban landscape increased by 4-6 times in areas with minimal human disturbance.
Habitat selection and home range size were investigated through GPS-collared individuals (2 male, 4 females) over three seasons (summer, fall, winter). Results of minimum convex polygon analysis indicated that the home range sizes of Charlottetown’s foxes were similar to those found in rural areas and larger than those of foxes existing in other urban areas. Differences in the home range sizes of foxes in this study may be due to the availability and accessibility of resources within the urban matrix as well as seasonal challenges such as snow cover. Habitat selection results indicate that foxes in Charlottetown prefer to spend their time in land-use types that are less-disturbed by humans such as natural lands, agricultural areas and regions of low human use, further suggesting that these areas may provide a greater abundance of resources such as food, space and vegetative cover.
Movement data was also obtained from GPS-collared individuals and compared with theoretical predications in order to investigate the foraging behaviour of foxes in Charlottetown and how potential confinement effects, associated with the increased fragmentation of urban landscapes may affect movement patterns. Correlated random walk models were used as our null hypothesis for fox movement features of six foxes over three seasons (fall, winter, summer). Metrics examined included: net-squared displacements, turning angles, move length distributions and cluster detection. Our results indicated that despite the patchiness of urban environments such as Charlottetown, foxes are not demonstrating directional persistence that is associated with correlated random walks, but more random-like movement patterns. This could be due to an abundance of both natural and anthropogenic resources. The movement of foxes in this study also suggests that movement patterns may differ based on season as resource availability and accessibility may alter foraging patterns associated with snow cover and lower overall ecosystem productivity during the fall and winter.


title: The epidemiology and laboratory investigation of ulcer disease in Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in Atlantic Canada

contributor: McClure, J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: St-Hilaire, Sophie (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Groman, Dave (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: St-Hilaire, Sophie (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hurnik, Dan (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Davidson, Jeffrey (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Greenwood, Spencer (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 156 application/pdf

abstract:
The aims of this research were to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of ulcer disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Atlantic Canada and devise management recommendations for ulcer disease outbreaks.
In Chapter 2, we investigated the epidemiology of ulcer disease in Atlantic Canada. The overall prevalence of ulcer disease within 29 Atlantic Canadian salmon farms, from 2014 to 2016, was 41%. The descriptive epidemiology suggests cages have a point source exposure to the causative agent, with non-uniform exposure across farms, and a low likelihood for horizontal transmission of the pathogen between cages and farms. Ulcer disease outbreaks also exhibit a seasonal pattern, with disease onset occurring from late-summer to mid-autumn. Our study did not identify any management factors that significantly reduced the severity of ulcer disease outbreaks on affected farms.
In Chapter 3, we conducted an experiment to 1) describe the pathology of ulcer disease in Atlantic salmon by an Atlantic Canadian Moritella viscosa isolate, and 2) determine if M. viscosa was easily transmitted horizontally in Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon were bath-challenged in 11°C salt water containing M. viscosa. After observing early skin lesions in these fish, we diverted the water from each bath-challenge tank to an adjacent tank of previously unexposed fish for the remainder of the experiment. Our initial bath-challenge fish expressed clinical signs of ulcer disease within four days of exposure, but we observed no clinical signs of disease in fish within the “delayed-challenge” tanks. Our results suggest ulcer disease induced with an Atlantic Canadian strain of M. viscosa, at an elevated temperature, produced pathology similar to winter ulcer disease and this organism is not highly transmissible between fish. Hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, and hypoproteinemia in fish with skin lesions were suggestive of osmoregulatory issues. The majority of fish sampled in our bath-challenge tanks did not have systemic infections until they developed visible skin ulcerations. We also found the more severe the skin lesions associated with M. viscosa, the less likely the fish had digesta present in their gastrointestinal tracts.
In Chapter 4, we performed an experiment to determine if extracellular products (ECP) from an Atlantic Canadian strain of M. viscosa could induce a tissue response similar to that observed with M. viscosa infections in Atlantic salmon. We injected fish subcutaneously with ECP filtrate broth. All experimental fish expressed early lesions, with five fish (out of 60) developing skin ulcers. Our results suggest the ECP of M. viscosa produced a tissue response similar to ulcer disease that was described in bath-challenges with M. viscosa; however, the tissue response in our ECP-injected fish was more acute, with melanization of the skin at the injection site. The majority of fish with skin lesions had normal serum sodium, chloride, total protein, and osmolality levels, and elevated creatine kinase levels. This is suggestive of acute skeletal muscle damage. We also found the more severe the skin lesions associated with the ECP, the less likely the fish had digesta present in their gastrointestinal tracts.


title: Exploring negative sport experiences as predictors of positive youth development

contributor: MacDonald, Dany (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Saunders, Travis (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Strachan, Leisha (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: MacDonald, Dany (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Saunders, Travis (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Strachan, Leisha (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Doiron, Jason (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hsiao, Amy (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 79 application/pdf

abstract:
Sport is a popular activity among youth, and has the potential to positively
influence the lives of its participants. However, the outcomes associated with sport
participation are not invariably positive; thus, understanding the influence of negative
sport experiences is important. There is a scarcity of research on the relationship between
negative sport experiences and positive youth development. The purpose of the present
study was to explore three types of experiences – athlete burnout, competitive anxiety,
and negative coach-athlete relationships – in their relation to positive youth development
as measured by the developmental assets framework. Seventy-two male and female youth
sport participants completed surveys, either on-site or via an online survey platform.
Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between
the independent variables represented by the subscales of the respective sport measures,
and the dependent variable of positive youth development. Results of these analyses show
the emergence of only one predictor variable, that being the factor of complementarity
within the coach-athlete relationship, which demonstrated a positive association with the
developmental outcome of empowerment. Such an association suggests that high
complementarity could potentially contribute to enhanced feelings of empowerment.
Given the influential role that coaches play in the lives of youth, this relationship might
not be particularly surprising. However, while this finding was encouraging,
complementarity within the coach-athlete relationship involves positive interactions.
Given that the present study sought to explore the impact of negative sport experiences,
uncovering an association between a more negative sport construct and positive
development could have proven more empirically valuable.


title: Application of monodispersed pegs in surfactant molecules

contributor: Etkin, Nola (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Bethell, Richard (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Wagner, Brian (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Linkletter, Barry (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Ahmadi, Ali (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 166 application/pdf

abstract:
Monodispersed PEGs have been gaining interest in chemistry applications that previously used polydispersed PEGs. Traditional, polydispsersed PEGs are synthesized through a polymerization process that generates a statistical mixture of ethylene glycol chains. The molecular weight of the PEG is an average. Monodispersed PEGs are synthesized through numerous chain elongation and column purification steps. Monodispersed or “highly pure” PEG mixtures contain PEGs with the same molecular weight. Production costs are significantly higher for monodispersed PEGs due to the synthesis techniques they require. The aim of this thesis was to demonstrate how monodispersed PEGs behave differently than their polydispersed coutnerparts. Specifically, in applications that employ nonionic surfactants. It was hypothesized the uniformity of the monodispersed mixtures would improve performance and stability.
The first part of the project focused on the synthesis of three monodispersed PEG derivatives consisting of 8,16, and 24 ethylene glycol units. Stepwise organic chemistry was used to synthesize the monodispersed PEGs to prevent giving away any proprietary information. The next step was to synthesize various sets of nonionic surfactant conjugates and compare the monodispersed and polydispersed counterparts. Particle size distributions of the nanoparticles formed under identical formulation conditions provided the basis for comparing the derivatives. However, due to the unanticipated complexity of the dynamic equilibrium present in surfactant solutions, the significance of these differences could not be related to performance. Qualitatively, monodispersed and polydispersed counterparts were unique. In an attempt to quantitatively demonstrate monodispersed PEGs enhance performance the project was directed towards one application, nanoparticle drug delivery systems. After experimental parameters were outlined for niosome and liposome formulations, sodium fluorescein, a hydrophilic dye and model hydrophilic drug, was introduced and a series of encapsulation experiments were performed. After much trial and error, more data is required to prove if monodispersed PEGs are superior to their polydispersed counterparts. Nevertheless, as shown in the results discussed in this thesis, monodispersed and polydispersed PEGs need to be at least treated as individual compounds.


identifier: u2: Mathematical and Computational Sciences

title: Collaborative tagging: Folksonomy, metadata, visualization, e-learning

contributor:
Bateman, S. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

abstract: Collaborative tagging is a simple and effective method for organizing  and sharing web resources using human created metadata. It has arisen  out of the need for an efficient method of personal organization, as the  number of digital resources in everyday lives increases. While tagging  has become a proven organization scheme through its popularity and  widespread use on the Web, little is known about its implications and  how it may effectively be applied in different situations. This is due  to the fact that tagging has evolved through several iterations of use  on social software websites, rather than through a scientific or an  engineering design process. The research presented in this thesis,  through investigations in the domain of e-learning, seeks to understand  more about the scientific nature of collaborative tagging through a  number of human subject studies. While broad in scope, touching on  issues in human computer interaction, knowledge representation, Web  system architecture, e-learning, metadata, and information  visualization, this thesis focuses on how collaborative tagging can  supplement the growing metadata requirements of e-learning. I conclude  by looking at how the findings may be used in future research, through  using information based in the emergent social networks of social  software, to automatically adapt to the needs of individual users.


title: Parallelism in "Paradise Lost" [microform]

subject: Specific Literature: English literature--Time Period: 1600-1699--Subject Author: Milton, John (1608-1674)--Subject Work: Paradise Lost--Literary Genre: poetry--Literary Technique: parallelism------

abstract: 3 microfiches (214 fr.)


title: Perspectives of mathematics education in Prince Edward Island

contributor: Miller, Tess (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Walton, Fiona (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Miller, Tess (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Walton, Fiona (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Doucette, Tracy (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Stordy, Mary (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 123 application/pdf

abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which the residents of PE valued mathematics education in preparing children for the 21st century. A questionnaire was distributed throughout the province of Prince Edward Island that drew a sample of 462 adults. Findings revealed significant differences between the grouping variables, level of education and self- reported mathematics ability, and the scale measuring perceptions towards mathematics education. More specifically, there was a difference in response patterns between participants who held Master’s and PhD degrees as well as participants who rated their mathematics ability at level 2 and level 4 in the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). There is evidence that mathematics education was valued; however, perceptions varied depending on level of education and self-reported mathematics ability. There was also a misalignment between participants’ self-reported mathematics ability and the level of mathematics reported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s assessment of adult competencies in numeracy.


title: The free highlands

creator:
Sorge, Antonio ()
, (Thesis advisor)
, (Degree grantor)
, (Committee member)

subject: Identity--Value Orientations--Italy--Sardinia--Modernity--Personhood--National Identity--Space and Time--0326 Anthropology, Cultural------

abstract: This thesis examines patterns of sociocultural change and continuity in Orgosolo, a village in highland Sardinia, Italy. The question addressed is that of how a rural highland community, historically marginalized and having limited sustained contacts with the outside world, experiences and reacts to a process of incorporation into wider networks of communication. The focus of the examination is upon the configuration of value orientations across time and space, and how they articulate among sectors within the highland population. Research conducted in Orgosolo over thirteen months in 2002 and 2003 revealed how a locally distinct variant of the code of honour is at the root of contested views regarding the desirability of two contrasting styles of life -- one urban-oriented and cosmopolitan, the other localist and traditionalist -- that underscore a duality of models of identity and personhood. A key axiom of this work is provided by the suggestion that distinctive ethical values centering on notions of honour have historically pervaded social relations within societies bordering the Mediterranean sea, and have imparted to the region a conceptual unity that is useful for comparative purposes. Orgosolo is seen against this background, and the analysis takes a two-pronged approach. To begin, customary, or 'traditional', norms and values are interpreted with reference to the conditioning effects of a number of longstanding historical, economic, and political pressures. This will be followed by a sustained look at the eventual process of incorporation of the Sardinian highlands into structures of national modernity as well as into wider transnational processes. An important aspect of this second aim is to reveal how ideals, values, and ideologies emergent from the outside world are variously accepted or rejected by Orgolesi. In sum, the analysis remains attentive to the need of presenting elements of local life and value orientation that do not conform to the orthodoxies of Italian national identity, while at the same time making evident that these elements are also highly contested at the local level.

abstract: Source type: Electronic(1)


title: Discours sportif et roman québécois

creator: University of Western Ontario (Degree grantor)

subject: Specific Literature: French Canadian literature--Time Period: 1900-1999--Subject Author: Langevin, Andr? (1927- )--Subject Work: L'Elan d'Am?rique (1972)--Literary Genre: novel--Literary Theme: (treatment of) hunting--sports--(relationship to) myth--cultural discourse--Subject Author: (compared to) Poulin, Jacques (1937- )--Subject Work: Le Coeur de la baleine bleue (1970)--Subject Author: Caron, Louis (1942- )--Subject Work: L'Emmitoufl? (1982)

abstract: Soulevée implicitement par notre titre, "Discours sportif et roman québécois", notre réflexion propose de "traquer" l'une des figures fondamentales du territoire de l'imaginaire québécois, à savoir le Chasseur. L'analyse de la question du sport à partir de ses multiples définitions montre que le sport en général offre plusieurs notions qui sont redevables à la chasse, soit la lutte, qui prend les caractéristiques d'une quête identitaire, le territoire, qui peut offrir des lignes de fuite ou limiter l'action, le rapport agonique à l'autre, qui suppose que l'on ne peut qu'être prédateur ou proie; le devenir-animal, c'est-à-dire l'obligation de la part des protagonistes de repousser les limites de leur corps jusqu'à une certaine animalité pour accéder à leur but ultime; la variation de la vitesse de l'action; et le temps, qui constitue un outil dans cette quête par ses effets sur le corps. Ces éléments, bien que de façon parsemée, constituent le fondement des deux autres sports choisis pour notre lecture, soitle hockey et le baseball. Par une interprétation sérielle d'un corpus limité de trois oeuvres, soit 'L'Élan d'Amérique' de André Langevin, 'Le Coeur de la baleine bleue', de Jacques Poulin et 'L'Emmitouflé', de Louis Caron, exploitant respectivement la chasse, le hockey et le baseball, on constate que plusieurs discours, soit culturel, collectif ou encore mythique, viennent traverser le discours sportif retrouvé dans ces textes. À la base du principe de figuration nourrissant notre acte de lecture, les traces de ces lieux discursifs conduisent vers les figures qui se dressent dans l'imaginaire du lecteur. Ainsi, que l'on parle de chasse, de hockey ou de baseball, la récurrence de ces traces permet de tisser des liens entre les divers éléments de la lecture. L'arme, le corps, le territoire et l'homosociabilité s'imposent lors de la lecture de Poulin et Caron en rendant possible des jonctions et même des disjonctions avec les premiers traits du Chasseur dégagés à l'aide de 'L'Élan d'Amérique'. Au terme de la lecture, il appert que la chasse, comme pratique culturelle, devient un indicateur de la posture identitaire au Québec, un opérateur de lisibilité dans le champ littéraire.


title: Dramatic strategies in the poetry of Robert Lowell, Richard Howard, and Anthony Hecht [microform]


title: Impacts of exposure to oil sands-derived contaminants on the white sucker (Catostomus commersonii)

contributor: van den heuvel, Michael (Thesis advisor)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: van den Heuvel, Michael (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hogan, Natacha (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, David (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Currie, Suzie (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Spears, Jonathan (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: van den Heuvel, Michael (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Fast, Mark (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 161 application/pdf

abstract:
The rapid expansion and scale of development associated with the Athabasca oil sands
industry has generated concerns regarding potential contamination of the surrounding watershed
from industry-derived contaminants. While research to date has demonstrated pathways of
exposure through atmospheric deposition and reclamation of oil sands process water, our
understanding of how fish in the Athabasca watershed are impacted by these activities are not as
well understood. The objective of this dissertation was to determine whether population
performance of fishes in the Athabasca watershed have the potential to be impacted by oil sands
development. This was assessed by evaluating the impacts of a proposed tailings reclamation
strategy (i.e., the creation of end pit lakes) on fish population performance, and by evaluating the
current performance of fish in the Athabasca River. White Sucker were selected as the model
organism for this work based on their regional availability, spawning period, size, and role as a
sentinel species in effects-based monitoring programs. Population performance was evaluated
using effects-based indicators of growth, energy storage and reproductive performance in adult
fish, as well as survival and rates of deformity in early life stages. Effects were then interpreted
in relation to biochemical and chemical indicators of contaminant exposure. Potential estrogenic
and androgenic effects were evaluated using a recombinant yeast assay.
White Sucker in the Athabasca watershed exhibit effects consistent with metabolic
disruption. Biochemical endpoints suggest exposure to atmospherically derived polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons may be a contributing factor to these effects. Naphthenic acids were
detected in the Athabasca watershed at concentrations below thresholds known to cause impacts
on growth or reproduction. Water samples collected from the watershed showed no evidence of
(anti-) estrogenic or (anti-) androgenic activity at ecologically relevant concentrations, and no
impacts on survival, or rates of deformity in early life stages of White Sucker exposed to this
material were evident.


title: Discovery of cryptic microbial natural products using induction strategies and characterization of a novel biotransformation product

contributor: Kerr, Russell (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Berrué, Fabrice (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Linkletter, Barry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kerr, Russell (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Berrué, Fabrice (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Linkletter, Barry (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Kirby, Chris (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hsiao, Amy (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 205 application/pdf

abstract:
Human health has benefitted from the use of natural products since the beginning of traditional medicine. Today, the majority of approved drugs have some connection to nature whether they are genuine natural products, derivatives thereof, or synthetic compounds whose structures were inspired by these secondary metabolites. Microorganisms, particularly actinomycetes, represent an important source of bioactive natural products; they are the original source of about two-thirds of all clinically used antibiotics as well as drugs used to treat cancer, parasitic infections and other ailments.
Culturing actinomycetes under the standard conditions of the laboratory typically does not facilitate the production of all of the natural products that these organisms are genetically capable of biosynthesizing. As a result, the discovery of novel microbial natural products has diminished in recent years as the easily obtained compounds are repeatedly rediscovered. Strategies to induce the production of the unexpressed, or cryptic, natural products are therefore an important tool for natural product discovery programs, especially during present times when new antibiotics are desperately needed.
One strategy that has been used successfully many times in the past is the one strain-many compounds approach. This technique involves the systematic variation of culture conditions in order to find a set that induces production of new, cryptic natural products. Three actinomycetes, Kitasatospora cystarginea NRRL B-16505, Kitasatospora griseola NRRL B-16229 and the Prince Edward Island sediment derived strain Streptomyces sp. RKND004 were subjected to fermentation in 14 different media. Data analysis using LC-HRMS based metabolomics led to the discovery of terrosamycin A and B, two polyether ionophores that were selectively produced by Streptomyces sp. RKND004 in specific liquid media. The terrosamycins exhibited excellent antibiotic and selective anticancer properties. In addition to these compounds, this approach highlighted a number of other putatively novel, induced metabolites which are awaiting discovery.
Another strategy, co-culture, involves fermentation of two or more organisms in the same vessel in order to imitate an ecological situation and in turn, stimulate cryptic natural product production. Co-culture experiments have a lot of variables and are often difficult to reproduce. For this reason, the Kerr lab has established a more straightforward procedure called co-culture mimic in which an organism is cultured with a sterilized culture of another ecologically relevant organism. The three previously mentioned actinomycetes were subjected to ten different co-culture mimic conditions and their resulting secondary metabolism was analyzed using a similar method. Again, a list of putatively novel induced and upregulated compounds was generated for future discovery efforts.
Lastly, the co-culture mimic experiments of another Kerr lab student highlighted the production of a putatively novel compound. Subsequent collaborative scale-up efforts followed by purification and structure elucidation revealed it was a novel biotransformation product which was named PQS-GlcA. The discovery of this compound unveiled a new anti-quorum sensing mechanism which may find a useful application in the development of new therapeutics targeting bacterial infections in humans.


title: A prospective study of diseases and productivity in a swine birth cohort on a central California ranch


title: A case study of the interaction between identity, power and inclusive practice in a minority-language school

contributor:
DiGiorgio, Carla (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic application/pdf

abstract: Source type:  Print(0)