title: First Nations’ Equity Experts Talking about Differential Treatment, Identity Tension and Cultural Sovereignty: An Application of Weber’s Sociology

contributor:
Liu, Jianye
Puddephatt, Anthony

subject: Weberian sociology

subject: Weberian methodology and qualitative methods

subject: Identity tension

subject: Cultural sovereignty

abstract: Service providers, researchers and policy makers acknowledge that First Nations, and other marginalized citizens, encounter disproportionate barriers to being heard, feeling respected, developing trust, and accessing care that is appropriate. People experience differential treatment and related feelings; although there are laws, policies, and values to prohibit discrimination and bias. By way of examining and explaining differential treatment, social science refers to micro-inequities, multiple oppressions, entrenched colonialism and divisive social structures. The thesis enters into this scholarly dialogue to consider input by more than 100 First Nations equity experts. The thesis applies a Weberian approach in sociology as a method to gather information and as a lens to examine the concerns that participants raise. The student’s interest to gather perspectives on a new framework in health studies, known as ‘cultural safety,’ was the starting point for the thesis. In particular, the student was interested to know the meaning and implications of cultural safety to First Nations people in Northern Ontario who have first-hand experience with marginalization in health delivery organizations. Prior to ethical approval, the student developed questions by way of engaging with 79 individuals in her personal, community (grassroots), professional, and academic networks. Questions to individuals and focus groups asked about seven focal points. These points of interest were culture, Anishnawbe culture, cultural difference and sameness, how culture maps onto identity, cultural safety, factors that negatively and positively influence cultural safety, and optimal healing environments. An optimal healing environment was prior defined by the student, to participants, as one that is equitable and keeps a person’s identity and culture intact and unthreatened. Upon ethical approval in July 2013 by the Lakehead University Research Ethics Board (REB), the student asked a sequence of questions to132 interview and conversation discussants. Individual and group discussions, between August 2013 and February 2015, raised concern with differential treatment as a factor influencing identity (causing tension), cultural sovereignty (imposing on culture), and organizational environments (suboptimum conditions for healing). The thesis project exemplifies using Weber’s ideal type methodology. A Weberian approach in sociology prioritizes using the words and meanings that people themselves use to explain their experiences and contexts. Using techniques of constant comparison and reduction; the student organizes the words by First Nations equity experts into a solution to the concerns they raise. Identity tension is put forward as a concept to describe a human outcome of differential treatment. Mutual respect is suggested as a transformative concept to reflect an encompassing theme. Mutual respect typology is described as a way of being, knowing and doing, using the words of First Nations equity experts who participated in the thesis based on their first-hand experience with marginalization. The thesis emerges a hypothesis for future consideration that mutual respect may moderate (but does not necessarily solve or eliminate) the problem (paradox) of identity tension. A next qualitative research step would be further defining mutual respect from the perspective of diverse people with power and privilege, but no first-hand knowledge of what it is like to be and feel marginalized. Another outcome of the thesis is the emergence of a mixed methods questionnaire. The questionnaire, readied for further field testing, is an opportunity to gather information that can later be rendered by way of factor analysis. Factor analysis is a statistical technique which would assist further clarifying and specifying the dimensions of mutual respect.


title: The antioxidant resveratrol down-regulates inflammation in an in vitro model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of lung epithelial cells

contributor:
Ulanova, Marina
Khaper, Neelam
Schraft, Heidi

subject:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Resveratrol
Respiratory disease
Cellular redox balance
Lung infection

abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen capable of infecting the lungs and causing severe pulmonary disease in immunocompromised individuals. During the infectious process, P. aeruginosa provokes a potent inflammatory response and induces the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cells undergo oxidative stress when cellular antioxidants are unable to effectively scavenge and detoxify ROS resulting in lung damage. Resveratrol (3,5,4‟-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural polyphenolic compound with recognized antioxidant effects. In this study we have tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant activities of resveratrol can attenuate an inflammatory response in P. aeruginosa-infected cells. Human lung epithelial (A549) cells were pre-treated with resveratrol for 5 hours followed by infection with P. aeruginosa in vitro. Intracellular ROS generation measured with CM-H2DCFDA was used as an indicator of P. aeruginosa-induced oxidative stress. Surface expression of Fas/CD95 and activation of caspases-3 and -7 were used as indicators of cellular apoptosis. To further study the effects of resveratrol we also measured protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and gene expression of pattern recognition receptors and enzymes related to inflammation and redox signaling. Resveratrol significantly reduced ROS generation, ICAM-1 expression, human beta-defensin-2 expression, and markers of apoptosis in A549 cells infected with P. aeruginosa, and up-regulated levels of glutathione peroxidase, suggesting that this compound may play an important therapeutic role in protecting the lungs against the deleterious effects of P. aeruginosa infection.


title: Influence of physical training on the accuracy of predicting aerobic power (VO2 max) using the Åstrand nomogram

subject:
Exercise
Åstrand nomogram
Physical education and training

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine if the
level of physical training influenced the accuracy of
predicting aerobic power (VO2 max) using the Åstrand
nomogram (1960). A total of 48 male subjects (24
trained, 24 untrained) between 19 and 36 years
participated. Each subject performed three Åstrand
nomogram tests on different days and one VO2 max test.
The mean predicted VO2 max value was compared to the
mean actual VO2 max value for each group. A two tailed
independent t-test was used to determine if significant
differences existed between the trained and untrained
groups with reference to the accuracy of predicting VO2
max using the Åstrand nomogram. The results
demonstrated that mean differences betwen actual VO2 max and predicted VO2 max were significantly different
(t(46)=2.61, p<.05) for the trained and untrained
group. Comparison of the predicted VO2 max (age
corrected) to the actual VO2 max produced a correlation
of .79 (p<.05) for the untrained group and .60 (p<.05)
for the trained group. The per cent error was 10.5%
and 15% for the untrained and trained group,
respectively. It was concluded that the level of physical training did influence the accuracy of predicting VO2 max using the Åstrand nomogram. When a
correction factor based on actual maximum heart rate was used for the trained subjects, the Åstrand nomogram became a better predictor of VO2 max for the trained subjects.


title: Theoretical and experimental investigation of pressure solution

subject:
Crystallization
Rock mechanics
Rock deformation

abstract:
Consideration of the existing thermodynamic theory of
pressure solution (PS) shows that this theory is applicable to the
development of PS structures as well as to local grain-scale
diffusive transfer. Local precipitation of pressure solved material
ceases when pores are reduced to equilibrium size, if not before by
kinetic considerations. Longer range diffusion may then occur if a
site of non-equilibrium porosity is available. Such porosity may
be generated by particulate flow or by hydraulic fracturing. Long
range diffusion may also depend on greater ease of diffusion, as
may occur along stylolltes.
Measurement of PS strain rates was attempted by stress
relaxation tests (SRTs) at room temperature of both Carrara
marble and compacted aggregates of calcite and quartz sands.
Neither material gave results indicative of PS although strain
rates as low as 10-8.5s-1 were obtained. Work hardening during
loading resulted In alternating increase and decrease of strain
rate concomitant with steadily declining differential stress
during the SRTs. The variation in strain rate, termed cycling, was
interpreted to be the result of non-steady state flow during
loading. Thermal expansion and contraction were shown to be the
cause of pressure fluctuation in a long term quantitative
experiment on PS begun during this study. Such expansion and contraction should be avoided In quantitative studies, particularly
at low strain rates.


title: Supply chain management of advanced wood pellets: storage and real time field characterization

contributor:
Shahi, Chander
Leitch, Mathew

subject:
Wood pellet producation
Biomass
Coal-fired electricity generation
Advanced wood pellets

abstract: Canada announced plans to phase-out coal-fired electricity generation by 2030. Therefore, in 2014, the province of Ontario has phased out the use of coal in the production of electricity. Former coal powered generating stations have been converted to use biomass. Ontario Power Generation, Ontario’s largest producer of electricity, has converted former coal powered Thunder Bay Generating Station (TBGS) to use advanced wood pellets (AWP), which are produced from thermally treated biomass. The thermal treatment with steam explosion makes the AWP more durable and water resistant as compared to conventional wood pellets, hence allowing TBGS to use the same handling and storage equipment they used for coal, including outside storage of AWP. However, the quality properties of AWP may degrade due to exposure to weather conditions while stored outside, affecting their performance as a fuel. The purpose of this study was to analyze the degradation of AWP while stored outside, and to give recommendations for the most effective storage approach to the industry. We examined the trends and level of degradation of AWP quality properties, while stored outside in uncovered and covered piles, through a period of 11 months. Additionally, we monitored internal temperature trends of the piles, to assess if there is any risk of self-heating, and tested fresh factory samples, which served as a baseline. The results showed that AWP moisture content is highly influenced by weather conditions (in the first place precipitation), with moisture content directly or indirectly affecting the rest of the properties. Furthermore, the covered pile displayed significantly better preservation of properties, while self-heating was not observed in any of the piles. We recommend covering AWP piles, especially in the winter months, to reduce snow pack that could thaw and penetrate into the pile in the spring. This study also contributes to the existing knowledge in the biomass area, since there are very few studies done on AWP storage and quality properties.


title: Inducing liquid conservation in children using a modified Halford learning theory model

contributor:
Anderson, L. M.
Gupta, P.

subject:
Intellect
Conservation of substance (Psychology)

abstract: Contingent upon their ability to perform a conservation of liquid substance test, two groups of Ss were selected for experimental treatment: 20 natural conservers (NTC), and 40 non-conservers (N-C). The N-C were randomly divided into two equal groups -an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was taught conservation of liquid by a learning program based upon Halford's learning theory model of liquid conservation. At intervals of 24 and 6 days after training of the N-C, all the Ss were given a conservation of liquid test. The Ss were also asked their reasons for thinking that the amounts of water were equal or different after each change of shape was performed. In order to determine their resistance to extinction, both natural conservers and those non-conservers who had learned to conserve were given 6 extinction trials.


title: Relationship between acculturation gap and adjustment : exploring the mediating effects of perceived rejection, value conflict, and communication / by Jasmine Bajwa.

subject: Acculturation

subject: Immigrant families Cultural assimilation

subject: Children of immigrants Cultural assimilation

abstract: "Numerous studies have found that children adjust to the mainstream culture at a faster rate than their parents; this is termed an acculturation gap. The literature demonstrates that acculturation gap is associated with increased conflict in the family and reduced well-being in children; one recent theory suggests that this occurs as a result of incongruent values and communication problems with parents (Hwang, 2006). The primary goal of this study was to examine whether acculturation gap was associated with both internalizing and externalizing symptoms in first and second generation immigrants from a variety ethnic backgrounds. Another goal of this research was to examine whether multiple mediators (specifically, parent rejection, peer rejection, incongruent cultural values, and communication problems) could account for the relationship between acculturation gap and risk taking behaviours and well-being.


title: Effect of chromium supplementation on blood glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes

contributor:
Newhouse, Ian
McAuliffe, Jim
Lavoie, Norm

subject: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes (Research)

subject: Chromium (Physiological effect)

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chromium
supplementation on the blood glucose control of individuals with type 2 diabetes. A
positive finding would result in substantial health and financial benefits for individuals
with this disease. In the previous literature, some studies have found that supplementation
with chromium improves blood glucose control, while others have reported no effect;
hence the need for more research. This study utilized a repeated measures, double-blind,
cross-over design, consisting of two study periods separated by a washout period. Both
study periods, as well as the wash-out period, were two months in duration. The sample
used in this study was comprised of 12 individuals (9 men and 3 women). Each study
period saw half the subjects taking a 400 pg glucose tolerance factor (GTF) chromium
supplement per day while the other half received a placebo. The dependent variable, or
primary outcome measure of blood glucose control, was haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).
Analysis revealed no evidence of a carry-over effect between periods, so data could
justifiably be pooled into change scores from pre to post. Analysis of this data using a
repeated measure, within-subjects t-test found no significant differences in HbA1c after
treatment with chromium as compared to the placebo. These findings support those
previous studies that have found no effect of chromium supplementation on blood
glucose control.


title: Thinking about the future: life after a diagnosis of dementia

contributor:
Wiersma, Elaine
Martin, Lynn
Kortes-Miller, Kathy
Sutherland, Nisha

subject:
Dementia
Aging and mental health
Stigma (dementia)

abstract:
The purpose of this research was to explore people living with dementia’s perceptions of the
future since being diagnosed. Research on the experiences of people living with dementia
focuses on key aspects such as diagnosis, coping, relationships, and stigma. However, the sole
experiences of those living with dementia is not often a focus. Therefore, five individuals living
with dementia were recruited to participate in three to four focus groups to share their
experiences living with dementia and their perceptions of the future. All participants had been
diagnosed with early stage dementia between one and twelve years, and were living
independently in their own place of residence. Constructivist grounded theory was utilized for
this research with two theoretical frameworks: social citizenship and biographical disruption.
Social citizenship informed this study and was the reason that only those living with dementia
were included. Furthermore, biographical disruption was utilized to conceptualize the use of
individuals’ biographies throughout their journey living with dementia. Themes identified in this
study included: “making the best of it”, “I’m still capable”, “finding solidarity”, “life is ahead of
me”, “the future is measured by pivotal moments” and “the future depends on relationships and
family”. It was found that perceptions of the future had been influenced over time, and two broad
meanings of the future emerged. There was both a present future and a distant future.


title: Human sled dog relations : what can we learn from the stories and experiences of mushers / by Gail Kuhl.

subject:
Human-animal relationships
Dogsledding
Dogs - Behaviour.


title: Recreation specialization, avalanche training, and avalanche safety practices of backcountry skiers in the Canadian Mountain National Park

subject:
Avalanche training
Avalanche safety practices
Backcountry skiers
Parks Canada
Recreation specialization
Avalanche educators

abstract:
Knowledge of demographics, avalanche training, and avalanche safety practices of backcountry skiers in the mountain national parks of Canada is of great importance to Parks Canada, the Canadian Avalanche Association, Canadian Avalanche Centre, and avalanche educators. The purpose of this paper was to obtain this information and to investigate if there was a relationship between recreation specialization level, avalanche training and avalanche safety practices. Investigating the usefulness of recreation specialization was also an important aspect of this research project. Questionnaires were used to measure the above variables. This project was conducted in cooperation with Parks Canada and was a continuation of a research project conducted by Parks Canada during the 2010 avalanche season.This research project took place in Banff, Yoho, and Glacier National Parks. Questionnaires were administered at the Rogers Pass Visitor Centre, Lake Louise Visitor Centre, Yoho Visitor Centre, A.O. Wheeler Hut, Elizabeth Parker Hut, an avalanche awareness night in Banff, a Glacier National Park Winter Permit night in Golden, B.C., and a presentation by Chic Scott in Canmore, A.B.
Results indicate that there was a strong positive correlation between specialization level and level of avalanche training; a moderate to strong correlation between specialization and checking the avalanche bulletin and beacon practice; a weak correlation between specialization level and correct knowledge of current avalanche danger, minimum safety equipment and minimum safety practices.


title: Study of bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) in Mole National Park, Ghana

subject:
Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus)
Ghana
Focal-animal
Feeding, resting and bedding sites
Activity and movement pattern

abstract:
The bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), one of the ungulates occurring in Ghana, has not
been the subject of extensive study. For the species and its habitat to be managed
effectively to meet the needs of the people of Ghana and the tourist industry, a sound
understanding of its habitat and behavior is required. This study examined the habitat
and behavior of bushbucks in Mole National Park, Northern Ghana. The study also
compared local knowledge to observational data.
The site selected for the study was in the Samole area and had Guinea savanna
vegetation. Four bushbucks were used as focal animals for the study. One was fitted
with a radio ear tag. These animals were followed, and data on their habitat, food and
activities were recorded.
Bushbucks were found to have a low variability in their diet. Twenty-six food plants
were found, with four being widely fed upon. All the food plants, except for two species,
were dicotyledons. Bushbucks fed mainly on leaves from upright shoots. Each
individual developed its own activity pattern and followed specific paths while foraging.
Bushbucks used the open savanna woodland and marshes that provided both food and
cover to a greater extent than the riverine forest. A higher preference was shown for
marshes. Resting and bedding sites were chosen irrespective of the tree species. Plant
species with branches touching the ground, first branches between 27cm and 1m, and
crown densities between 20-80% were readily chosen as resting and bedding sites.
Bushbucks were active at temperatures below 30°C. When temperature exceeded 31°C,
bushbucks retreated to the bushes or thickets to rest and chew the cud. A temperature
difference of between 2-5°C occurred in the shade and in the open areas within 1m of the
resting and bedding sites.


title: Hydrodynamic and water quality modelling of a shallow lake influenced by stormwater  discharge from an active goldmine

contributor:
Lee, Peter
Leung, Kam
Rennie, Michael

subject:
Stormwater drainage
Mine influenced stormwater discharge

abstract:
Several mine-influenced lakes have become meromictic in Northwestern Ontario,
a state in which complete turnover of the water column does not occur. Whether or not a
lake experiences complete turnover has a significant impact on dissolved oxygen,
nutrient cycling, available fish habitat and the production of potentially toxic compounds.
Lower Unnamed Lake is the stormwater receiving body for Barrick Gold’s Hemlo Gold
mine. The mine-influenced water discharged into Lower Unnamed Lake is laden with a
high concentration of total dissolved solids. Rather than freely mixing with the lake water,
the mine influenced water sank to the bottom of the lake as a result of the density
difference between the discharge and the lake water in the receiving body. It was of
concern that stratification, induced by the density gradient, caused by the concentration
of total dissolved solids had stabilized the lake and prevented turnover, causing Lower
Unnamed Lake to become meromictic. This study used CE-QUAL W2 to create a
hydrodynamic and water quality model of Lower Unnamed Lake, in order to evaluate
mixing trends. Full turnover was predicted in the fall and two additional mixing events
were produced by the model. The mixing events are evident in field observations of the
lake outflow total dissolved solids, temperature and in-lake profiles of temperature, total
dissolved solids and dissolved oxygen. [...]


title: Effects of isometric exercise versus electrical muscle stimulation on serum enzymes, plasma lactate and peak torque levels in males

subject: Isometric exercise Physiological aspects

subject: Electric stimulation

subject: Muscle strength

abstract:
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of
electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and isometric exercise (IE)
on peak torque, plasma lactate and serum enzymes. The subjects
were 14 male volunteers aged 22-41. The subjects were randomly
assigned to either the EMS group (Stayodyn EMS/plus stimulator;
bipolar technique of the quadriceps; 50 pulse/sec; pulse width
of 200 /isec; 2 sec ramp and 8 sec maximum /lO sec rest for 45
trials) and the IE group (Kin-Com); 10 sec maximal voluntary
contraction /lO sec rest for 45 trials). The subjects performed
both tests on two alternate weekends. The peak torque value was
measured for each contraction for both tests. Blood samples
were taken from the antecubital vein prior to testing and at 5
minute, 1 hour and 24 hours post exercise to determine plasma
lactate concentrations (HLA), serum creatine kinase (CPK), serum
aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and serum lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) activities. The enzymes and HLA were analyzed using an
Abbott VP Bichromatic Analyzer.
The results indicated that: (a) peak torque produced by IE
was significantly greater (P<0.05) than that produced by the
EMS/plus stimulator; (b) both exercise modes produced significant increases (P<0.05) in HLA concentrations 5 minutes post exercise,
with the increase in HLA concentration of the IE group being
significantly greater (P<0.05) than that of the EMS group; (c)
both exercise modes resulted in significant increases (P<0.05)
in serum CPK activity 24 hours post exercise, with the increase
in serum CPK activity of the IE group being significantly greater
(P^O.05) than that of the EMS group; (d) both exercise modes
resulted in significant increases (P<0.05)in serum AST activity
24 hours post exercise, with the increase in serum AST activity
of the IE group being significantly greater (P<0.05) than that
of the EMS group; (e) neither IE nor EMS resulted in a
significant increase (P>0.05) in serum LDH activity.
It was concluded that both IE and EMS can produce an acute
exercise response. The significant difference (P<0.05) in peak
torque, HLA, serum CPK and AST between the two groups would
suggest that the exercise stress of the IE group was greater and
therefore, the intensity of the exercise was greater than that
of the EMS. The significantly lower (P<0.05) torque values in
the EMS group may have been due to: (a) "failed force outputs",
due to the inability to activate all of the motor axons of a large
muscle group; (b) "accommodation" to the electrical stimulator
output; (c) motivational factors, which may include the inability
to tolerate the electrical current, by some subjects.
Whether the increased acute exercise response demonstrated
by the IE group would result in significant improvements in
strength or endurance over the EMS group, would require a
comparison over an extended training program.


title: Evaluation of a multisite cardiac rehabilitation program delivered via telehealth technology

subject: Medical telematics Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Cardiovascular Diseases rehabilitation Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Cardiovascular system Diseases Patients Rehabiliation Ontario, Northwestern

abstract: Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre (TBRHSC) pilot program servicing Nipigon, Atikokan, Marathon, Manitouwadge

abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of hospitalization, mortality, and
potential years of life lost in northern Ontario. In Northwestern Ontario (NWO), the rates as well
as the risk factors for CVD are higher than those for the general population of the province (North
West Local Health Integration Network [NWLHIN], 2006). Although the impact of CVD has been steadily
decreasing in Ontario over the last 20 years, northern Ontario has not seen the same magnitude of
positive change.
In 2003, the Northwestern Ontario District Health Council (NWODHC) identified inequities in the
delivery of cardiac services in NWO and made specific reference to the benefits of cardiac
rehabilitation (CR). Historically, CR services in NWO have been available consistently only to
those patients able to attend CR programming at the  Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre
(TBRHSC). Recovering cardiac clients outside of Thunder Bay have been limited by issues of distance
(see Appendix A) from a CR program and a lack of sufficient numbers to provide economically and
functionally
viable CR programming in the clients'  home communities.


title: Integrated resource management planning through the linking of mathematical and judgement-based models

subject: Natural resources Management Mathematical models

subject: Natural resources Management

subject: Forest management Mathematical models

subject: Forest resource policy

subject: Sibley Provincial Park

abstract:
The objective of this study was to develop an
analytical technique to enable forest managers to handle
effectively the complex problem of integrated resource
management planning using quantitative and qualitative
information. Two different types of modelling approaches
were used: 1) a quantitative-oriented linear goal
programming and 2) a qualitative-oriented IDA model. These
two types of model were linked to complement each other. By
means of an inter-disciplinary workshop approach, an attempt
was made to strengthen and broaden the power of the models
to represent real world problems. Timber, wildlife and
outdoor recreation-related objectives and variables were
used for this study. Sibley Provincial Park in Ontario,
Canada, was used for the trial application of this approach.
A ten-year planning horizon and four cutting alternatives
were employed. A resource policy which provided all
interest groups in the workshop with the highest
satisfaction levels was developed. The forest land in the
study area was allocated optimally to achieve the multiple
objectives of timber, wildlife and outdoor recreation.
Determining target levels and weights for goal programming
application were improved by linking LP and IDA processes.
Subjective judgements of workshop participants were partly
assisted and improved by initial LP solutions.


title: Trait perfectionism : an investigation of the mediating effects of negative repetitive thought and the role of mindfulness

subject:
Trait perfectionism
Negative repetitive thought
Perfectionism & distress
Worry & rumination

abstract:
Although perfectionism has been related to various maladaptive outcomes, several studies have demonstrated inconsistent relationships between the dimensions of trait perfectionism and psychological distress. Furthermore, little research has examined mechanisms underlying maladaptive trait perfectionism or potential intervention strategies. The aim of the current study was to investigate the mediating effects of worry
and rumination on the relationships between maladaptive trait perfectionism and psychological distress, and to relate these multiple mediator models to a five-facet model of mindfulness. A battery of questionnaires was employed to examine these relationships
in a sample of 213 undergraduate university students. Socially prescribed perfectionism was strongly related to psychological distress, including negative affect, depression, anxiety, and stress, while self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism appeared generally unrelated to psychological distress. In terms of mindfulness, the facets
of acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and to a lesser extent nonreactivity to inner experience, appeared to be the strongest independent contributors to the variables in the mediational models, namely, socially prescribed perfectionism, worry, rumination, and psychological distress. Furthermore, worry and rumination
mediated the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and negative affect; however, in the presence of high levels of dispositional mindfulness, rumination was no longer a mediating mechanism in this model. Overall, socially prescribed perfectionism emerged as the most detrimental dimension of trait perfectionism and dispositional
mindfulness appeared to play a role in decreased levels of related negative repetitive thoughts and psychological distress.


title: Development of bacterial systems for the production of cellulase and bioethanol

contributor:
Qin, Wensheng
Leung, Kam Tin
Law, David

subject:
Biodegradation
Cellulase
Bioethanol
Lignocellulase-producing bacteria
Xylanase
Lignase

abstract: The wide varieties of extant bacterial species are often resistant to various environmental stresses. This demonstrates their frequent ability to adapt to and thrive in challenging environments. One such adaptation in wood-degrading species that may be exploited to produce a product of high value to humans is a more efficient cellulase activity, which may help to overcome current challenges in biofuel production. In this study, 18 efficient cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated from organic fertilizers and paper mill sludges and characterized for consideration in large scale biorefining. All cellulase positive isolates were further characterized to identify those with the greatest cellulase activities for potential industrial application. Six of these isolates produced greater cellulase activity on soluble cellulose in 48 h than the positive control (Cellulomonas xylanilytica). Phylogenetic analysis of a portion of the 16S rDNA gene revealed genera belonging to two major phyla of Gram positive bacteria: Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Additionally, isolates E2 and E4 (Paenibacillus species) displayed qualitative cellulase activities towards filter paper under limited oxygen condition. When total cellulase activities of E2 and E4 were examined, it was shown that 1% (w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) could induce total cellulase activities of 1652 ± 62 and 1457 ± 31 nM of glucose equivalents that were 8- and 5.6-fold greater than total cellulase activities induced by filter paper for E2 and E4, respectively. The genus Paenibacillus includes many highly-expressing cellulase producing strains, and E2 and E4 represent excellent candidates for further cellulase activity analysis and characterization.


title: A new fingerprint design using optical orthogonal codes

subject:
Data encryption (Computer science)
Digital media security measures
Coding theory
Digital fingerprinting system

abstract: Digital fingerprinting has been proposed to restrict illegal distribution of digital media, where every piece of media has a unique fingerprint as an identifying feature that can be traceable. However, fingerprint systems are vulnerable when multiple users form collusion by combining their copies to create a forged copy. The collusion is modeled as an average linear attack, where multiple weighted copies are averaged and the Gaussian noise is then added to the averaged copy. In this thesis, a new fingerprint design with robustness to collusion is proposed, which is to accommodate more users and parameters than other existing fingerprint designs. A base matrix is constructed by cyclic shifts of binary sequences in an optical orthogonal code and then extended by a Hadamard matrix. Finally, each column of the resulting matrix is used as a fingerprint. The focused detection is used to determine whether a user is innocent or guilty in average linear attacks. Simulation results show that the performance of our new fingerprint design is comparable to that of orthogonal and simplex fingerprints.


title: Sources of small-scale variation in headwater stream habitat and macroinvertebrate communities

contributor:
Mackereth, Robert
Carney, Joseph
Mallik, Azim

abstract:
The extent to which small stream habitats and communities are influenced by the
surrounding terrestrial environment is a function of the linkage between aquatic and
terrestrial systems. The strength of that linkage is mediated primarily by topography and
can affect the susceptibility of the stream to impairment by harvesting disturbance.
Stream habitat and macroinvertebrate communities were studied at 30 small stream sites
to characterize their associations with the surrounding terrestrial environment at the
riparian and catchment scales. Local topography was described using the ‘reach
contributing area’ (RCA) as a measure of the lateral terrestrial area contributing to the
stream reach. In the first section of the study I examined the linkage between stream
habitat characteristics and riparian and catchment scale terrestrial variables in light of
differences in local topography, and assessed the effects of harvesting disturbance on
stream habitat as mediated by that aquatic-terrestrial linkage. Using redundancy analysis
(RDA) riparian scale factors were found to be more strongly correlated with local habitat
variability than catchment scale factors in both small and large RCAs, and in both
reference and harvested sites. In sites with large RCAs riparian scale variables explained
40% more variation than catchment scale variables. Aquatic habitat at sites with recent
local harvesting had significantly higher temperatures and nitrogen concentrations
(MANOVA p<0.05). Stream habitat variation in harvested sites was more strongly
correlated with forest cover, whereas variation in reference sites was more strongly
correlated with topographic variables. In the second section I characterized how
macroinvertebrate communities are structured based on aquatic and terrestrial variables at
3 spatial scales, and how those influences differ based on local topography. The effects
of harvesting on macroinvertebrate community structure were also examined in the final
section. Local scale variables explained the most variation in taxonomic and functional
invertebrate community structure (51.6% and 59.1%), followed by catchment scale
variables (43.9% and 43.5%). In large RCA sites, the riparian scale variables had almost
10% more influence on taxonomic structure than catchment scale variables, and in small
RCA sites catchment scale variables explained almost 23% more variation in feeding
guild structure than riparian scale variables. The total abundance and richness of
macroinvertebrates was significantly higher in harvested sites than in reference sites
(ANOVA p<0.05), and communities differed significantly in structure (MRPP p<0.05).
This study shows the effect of local topography on the linkage between aquatic and
terrestrial environments. The RCA effect combined with the effects of harvesting
disturbance on small streams can be combined to better understand processes driving
variability in small stream habitats and communities. This understanding can then be
applied to management practices to better conserve all aspects of headwater stream
environments.


title: Reactions of sodium tetrahydroborate with metal ions in the presence of nitrogen donor ligands

contributor:
Holah, D. G.
Hughes, A. N.

subject:
Borates
Transition metal compounds
Complex compounds

abstract:
The work described in this thesis is part of an ongoing effort in these laboratories to determine in more detail how a variety of factors,
particularly the nature of added ligands, affects the type of products and the overall mechanism of the reactions between transition metal salts and
NaBH[subscript 4].  This work specifically describes the results
of the reactions between NaBH[subscript 4] and a number of II and
III valent transition metal salts in the presence of the N-donor ligands ethylenediamine, 2, 2'-bipyridyl and 1, 10-phenanthroline.  As well
as the nature of the added ligand, variations in such factors as solvent (aqueous and ethanolic), molar ratios and rate of addition of reactants and
time have also been studied.
In the case of reductions of Fe, Ru and Co in the presence of phen and bipy, univalent metal complexes of general formula M(L-L)[subscript 2]BH[subscript 4]xH20 have been isolated. Reduction was also observed in the case of Cr(III) although no solids were isolated.
With Zn(II) and Mn(II),~ no reduction occurred and simple hydrated metal(II)-ligand-tetrahydroborate complexes were obtained. Electrical conductivities, electronic spectra and magnetic moments on the
above reduced metal complexes are reported and are consistent with the presence of the M(I) oxidation states which are unusual especially for Fe and Ru.
The thesis contains a discussion of the [pi]-bonding capabilities of bipy and phen which are believed to be responsible for their ability to stabilize the metal(I) complexes.


title: The association between supervisor mental health training and workplace mental health stigma

contributor:
Kristman, Vicki
Corbière, Marc
Bédard, Michel

subject:
Mental health disorders
Mental health in the workplace
Mental health training
Stigma (mental health)

abstract: Mental health disorders (MHD) are a major cause of human suffering, lost productivity, workplace disability, and economic loss throughout the industrialized world. They can affect people’s thoughts, behaviours, and feelings, as well as disrupt an individual’s life, and create many functional challenges. It is expected that MHD will affect every Canadian at some point in their lifetime, whether directly by personally experiencing a MHD, or indirectly through a family member, friend, or colleague.1 One of the major factors contributing to mental health is the environment that the individual is exposed to, which can precipitate the onset or reoccurrence of a MHD. One of the environments that over 65% of the population interacts with is the workplace,2 and although it should contribute positively to one’s mental health, there are significant workplace challenges experienced by people with MHDs.3 Specifically, stigma toward employees with MHD can increase the effects these disorders have on employees.4 When left unaddressed, MHD can account for high unemployment rates, as well as significant financial impacts to the government, employer, and worker through unemployment benefits, disability insurance, welfare programs, and health care costs.1,5–7 In addition to the high external costs, MHD can have a significant internal effect on productivity within the workplace through both presenteeism and absenteeism.


title: Genetic variation of wood properties in balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.)

subject:
Poplar Genetics
Canonical variate analysis
Coefficients of genetic prediction
Genetic correlation
Provenance test
Wood properties

abstract:
Genetic variation in wood properties among and within three provenances
of balsam poplar was investigated. Between 1982 and 1984, clonal populations
were sampled along the Longitude 9QOW in North Wisconsin (Lat. 45°N to
46°N); Thunder Bay, Ontario (Lat. 48°N to 49°N); and Pickle Lake, Ontario (Lat.50°N to 51°N). Rooted cuttings were planted in a field test near Lakehead
University, Thunder Bay. In 1994, 30 clones from each provenance with 4 ramets
per clone were measured for growth characteristics, and specimen disks were cut
at tree base. Ring width, relative density, percent moisture content, fibre length,
and vessel element length were determined in the laboratory. Univariate analyses
of variance showed significant differences among the three provenances in growth
rate and cell length. The southern provenance had the fastest growth rate and the
longest cells. Provenance differences in relative density and moisture content of
the wood were not statistically significant. Canonical multivariate analysis, using
growth rate, relative density, and fibre length as dependent variables, showed
differences between the southern and northern provenances, with the local source
in an intermediate position. Estimates of broad sense heritability were different for
each of the three provenances. Heritability was more uniform and higher for wood
properties than for growth characteristics. Genetic correlations and coefficients of
genetic prediction showed relative genetic independence of growth characteristics
from relative density and moisture content. Phenotypically positive correlation
between growth rate and cell length was genetically based in the northern
provenance, while it was influenced more by environment in the local and
southern provenance. Results justified selection based on growth characteristics,
wood properties or a combination of these two.


title: Cross-coupling reactions: synthesis and photoactivity of enediynes

contributor:
Gottardo, Christine
Jiang, Zi-Hua (Justin)
Suntres, Zach

subject:
Enediyne chemistry
Enediyne anticancer agents
Cycloaromatization
Enzymatic triggering
Photochemical triggering
Cross-coupling

abstract:
The syntheses of a number of photoactive enediynes using the Sonogashira Coupling reaction are described. Alkynes with different characteristics were coupled to 2-bromoiodobenzene to yield the desired drugs. The enediyne’s functionality and their ability to undergo the Bergman Cyclization reaction is of interest given that a variety of naturally occurring and few synthetically produced compounds containing this unit demonstrate the ability to cleave DNA. The compounds were tested against human alveolar type 11-epithelial A549 cancer cells and the non-cancer cell line H9c2 and it was found that in the presence of light, they showed an enhanced ability to increase cell death. The enediyne with electron withdrawing functionality resulted in the greatest increase in cell death.
In addition, an independent study on the direct arylation of heteroaromatic arenes with benzene was undertaken. In this study, substituted furans were treated under palladium-catalyzed conditions in the presence of benzene to synthesize biaryl compounds from unactivated starting materials. The presence of the electron with drawing aldehyde resulted in best yield of cross-coupling product.


title: Digital Visions: Developing 21st century skills and competencies with the Digital Media Academy

subject:
Digital learning
Digital literacy in education
Non-formal learning
Digital Media Academy

abstract:
This thesis proposes the need for a comprehensive digital literacy program in Ontario
schools. A K-12 digital literacy program is essential so that students can grow up with a set of
21st century skills and competencies that prepare them for life in an increasingly complex and
digital world. The lack of unified digital literacy instruction in Ontario schools has led to an
investigation of a US based Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) academy called
the Digital Media Academy. The Digital Media Academy offers programs for students, teachers,
and adult learners in range of digital media disciplines. A qualitative study was designed to
extract insights from the Digital Media Academy to establish a digital literacy framework worthy
of the Ontario classroom. An ethnographic study was performed and eight interviews were
conducted with eight curriculum staff from the Digital Media Academy. The results formed the
basis of a comprehensive digital literacy program synthesized through the critical lens of an
Ontario educator. The Ontario classroom would benefit from a digital literacy program that
encompasses a creation-based learning platform that is intertwined with a human-centred
design approach and teaches students to adopt a growth mindset, tell digital stories, learn to
code, and make use of relatively inexpensive technologies.


title: Mood disorders in cancer patients with or without arthritis: incidence and impact on health care utilization

contributor:
Koné Péfoyo, Anna
Scharf, Deborah
Kristman, Vicki

subject: Multimorbidity in cancer patients

subject: Mood disorders (cancer patients)

subject: Arthritis and cancer

subject: Health care utilization (cancer patients)

abstract:
Objectives: This thesis is aimed to detect the incidence of mood disorders in cancer patients, and
to assess the role of arthritis and multimorbidity in the development of mood disorders. The thesis
will also describe the impact of arthritis and mood disorders on the health care utilization of cancer
patients accounting for the role of other comorbidities.
Methods: The thesis is a population-based study with linked administrative health databases,
available from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, and included all adult patients
diagnosed with cancer in Ontario between 2003 and 2013. The study used a retrospective cohort
design. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to describe the incidence of mood disorders,
level of multimorbidity, and characteristics of patients with cancer. Survival analysis was used to
evaluate the adjusted impact of arthritis and other variables on the occurrence and time to the
development of mood disorders. Negative binomial regression was performed to assess the
adjusted effect of arthritis and mood disorders on health service utilization by cancer patients.
Results: The cumulative crude incidence of mood disorders over the study period in cancer
patients in Ontario was 16.9 (95% CI 16.6-17.3)/1,000 population. Arthritis was not associated
with an increased risk of developing mood disorders in crude and adjusted analysis; however,
multimorbidity significantly increased the risk of mood disorders. Mood disorders and arthritis
increased health care utilization in cancer patients. The average hospitalizations per person-year
in patients with mood disorders diagnosed before (0.73± 1.06 ) and after (1.09 ± 1.33) cancer was
higher than patients without mood disorders (0.57 ± 0.92). Similarly, average ED visits per personyear were also higher when mood disorders were diagnosed before (1.03 ± 1.68 ) or after (1.20 ± 2.10 ) cancer compared to the patients without mood disorders. Arthritis increased only ED visits
while decreasing hospitalization. When mood disorders and arthritis were both present in patients
with cancer and diagnosed after cancer there was a 28% (95% CI = 20-37%) higher risk of
hospitalization and a 60% (95% CI = 50-69%) increased risk of ED visits compared to those
without any of these conditions.
Conclusion: The study provided evidence on the risk of developing mood disorders in cancer
patients with multiple chronic conditions. Multimorbidity is an important risk factor for developing
mood disorders and the number of chronic conditions rather than a specific condition like arthritis
increases the likelihood of developing mood disorders. The study showed the importance of
addressing multimorbidity to improve the mental health outcomes in cancer patients. The findings
of the study also described the impact of arthritis and mood disorders on the health service
utilization of cancer patients. Mood disorders increased health services use more than arthritis.
Early identification of psychological and other chronic conditions may decrease hospital
admissions and ED visits in cancer patients reducing the burden and cost of the health care system.


title: Feasibility of community forestry in northern Ontario : a socio-economic and biophysical evaluation framework

subject: Forestry and community Ontario, Northern

subject: Forests and forestry, Cooperative Ontario, Northern

abstract:
Community forestry has become a much-discussed form of
forest land tenure and management in Northern Ontario. It
is a viable approach to community economic development
especially among communities that are dependent on the
forest sector. This study is a broadly-based investigation
of the socio-economic and biophysical factors that give
communities an inherently high potential for success in new
community forestry ventures. The factors identified herein
have been arranged into a framework which I propose
government can identify those communities where community
forestry may have a high chance of succeeding. The factors
attributing to the success of the North Cowichan community
forest in British Columbia have been presented for
comparative purposes. A total of 15 variables have been
examined in this study. This study area covers sections of
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources’ (OMNR) former
Northern, North Central, and Northeastern Regions of
Ontario, altogether encompassing 22 communities. Based on
the results of the study, the communities of Nipigon,
Geraldton, Hearst, Wawa, and Marathon would be excellent
candidates for pilot projects or in-depth feasibility
studies on community forestry. The second group of
communities that may be considered are Terrace Bay, White
River, and Red Rock. I conclude that community forestry is
a viable option for forest land tenure and management in
some communities (with high inherent success potential) in
Northern Ontario.


title: Relationships between executive functions and alcohol-related consequences among undergraduates

subject:
Alcohol use (emerging adulthood)
Executive functions and alcohol use

abstract:
University students in Canada endorse higher levels of alcohol consumption than their noncollege peers. This heavy drinking carries with it the risk of adverse consequences, including
physical injuries, academic struggles, and legal problems. University students also report positive
consequences associated with their alcohol consumption, which may function to reinforce heavy
drinking patterns. Impairments in executive functions (EFs) may be a potential cognitive factor
that increases student vulnerability to alcohol-related consequences. EFs have been found to
continue developing into emerging adulthood and are associated with an earlier age of onset for
alcohol use and heavier alcohol use patterns. With this in mind, the goal of this study was to
examine the relationships between EFs and alcohol-related consequences among undergraduate
students. To do this, undergraduate students from Lakehead University (N = 211; 82.5% female;
82.5% Caucasian) completed an online self-report questionnaire. Emotion Regulation and
Working Memory were significant predictors of both positive and negative consequences, while
Inhibitory Control was a significant predictor of negative consequences only. This study serves
as a preliminary step toward better understanding the link between EFs and alcohol-related
consequences among university students, providing a knowledge base for future prevention and
intervention strategies.


title: Comorbidity of problem gamblers in Northwestern Ontario / by An Nguyen.

contributor:
Jamieson, John
Mazmanian, Dwight

subject:
Compulsive gamblers
Thunder Bay (Ontario)
Compulsive gambling

abstract:
Problem gamblers often exhibit additional, addictive behaviours in addition to gambling.  Rates of other disorders, including depression and substance use, are much higher in problem gamblers than in the general population. The present study examined data from
all clients receiving treatment for addiction in Thunder Bay from 2003 till mid 2006. It was found that 73.9% of gambling clients had a comorbid substance  addiction. A distinction was also found between two subgroups of problem gamblers - those who
presented with gambling as their primary problem, and those who presented with another disorder as their primary problem and reported gambling to be a secondary problem. The demographic profiles of these two groups differed: clients with gambling as the primary problem were significantly more likely to be female, widows or widowers, employed or on retirement income, older, better educated and without any legal problems. The rate of substance comorbidity in the primary gamblers was only 20.6%, indicating that failure to differentiate primary from secondary gamblers results in an overestimate of substance
comorbidity for those clients who have primarily a gambling problem.


title: Interval-based uncertain reasoning

subject:
Interval analysis (Mathematics)
Fuzzy sets

abstract:
This thesis examines three interval based uncertain reasoning approaches: reasoning
under interval constraints, reasoning using necessity and possibility functions, and
reasoning with rough set theory. In all these approaches, intervals are used to characterize
the uncertainty involved in a reasoning process when the available information
is insufficient for single-valued truth evaluation functions. Approaches using interval
constraints can be applied to both interval fuzzy sets and interval probabilities. The
notion of interval triangular norms, or interval t-norms for short, is introduced and
studied in both numeric and non-numeric settings. Algorithms for computing interval
t-norms are proposed. Basic issues on the use of t-norms for approximate reasoning
with interval fuzzy sets are studied. Inference rules for reasoning under interval constraints
are investigated. In the second approach, a pair of necessity and possibility
functions is used to bound the fuzzy truth values of propositions. Inference in this
case is to narrow the gap between the pair of the functions. Inference rules are derived
from the properties of necessity and possibility functions. The theory of rough sets
is used to approximate truth values of propositions and to explore modal structures
in many-valued logic. It offers an uncertain reasoning method complementary to the
other two.


title: Creation of Dorothy Smith's standpoint epistemology : a feminist appropriation of male theorists / by Deirdre Mary Smyth.

subject: Feminist theory.

abstract:
One of Dorothy Smith's most important contributions to feminist theory was the
development of her concept called'the standpoint of women' (Smith, 1979). This thesis
traces the evolution of this concept In her work from her earliest intellectual beginnings
to the present. It restricts the examination of Smith's writing to her work on ideology and
the sociology of knowledge, giving attention to the male theorists that she has
appropriated in her early writings and the emergence of a more autonomous framework
In her recent publications. The thesis is constructed from a sociology of knowledge
perspective, thus Smith's writings are contextualized in the socio-historical events that
have shaped them, occurrences such as the Free Speech Movement and the Montreal
Massacre.
Data for the thesis includes Smith's original writing, secondary sources on her work
and original interviews which I conducted with Smith about the intellectual development
of her writing. In addition, the extent of Smith's Influence In Canadian sociology has
been explored through: 1) A survey of several prominent Canadian feminist sociologists
and the editors of a few feminist journals; and 2) A search of the Social Sciences Citation
Index to discover where, how often and in what ways she has been cited.
Chapter One introduces the predominant themes of the thesis. One of these
themes is a method which begins inquiry from the personal, and another is the examination of epistemological autonomy in Smith's writing. Chapters 2 deals with the
quantification of Smith's influence in sociology, through a the survey of feminist theorists
and a citation analysis. Chapter 3 documents her intellectual beginnings at the London
School of Economics and at the University of California at Berkeley. Marxist feminism
and the domestic labour debate in feminist theory are the topic of Chapter 4. Chapter 5
traces the origin of the 'standpoint of women' and includes recent criticism. The Montreal
Massacre and the possibility of an epistemological break in Smith's work are the subjects
of Chapter 6. The thesis ends with an interpretation of how the male writers that Smith
has chosen to appropriate have affected her work.


title: Headlocks at the Lakehead : wrestling in Fort William and Port Arthur, 1913-1933 / by Charles Nathan Hatton.

contributor:
Harpelle, Ronald
Epp, A. E.
Dunk, Tom

subject:
Wrestling - History
Thunder Bay (Ontario)
Port Arthur (Ontario)
Fort William (Ontario)

abstract:
"In the Northern Ontario communities o f Fort William and Port Arthur, collectively known as the Lakehead, wrestling emerged as one of the most popular spectator sports in the region by 1913 and remained so for the next thirteen years. Far from being under the dominion of a single, multi-national corporate entity, professional wrestling was a business that was locally controlled and functioned on the basis of strong local talent. The growth of professional wrestling at the Lakehead directly bolstered the sport of amateur wrestling, and the two branches of athletics enjoyed a strong and mutually beneficial relationship during this period. Wrestling’s rise to popularity, however, occurred at a time when class antagonism, ethnic tension, and inter-city rivalries threatened the social fabric of the region. Many of the divisions that were present in Fort William and Port Arthur were
also mirrored in the sport of wrestling. Wrestling therefore existed not merely as an isolated spectator and participatory sport but as an activity that reflected, was influenced by, and at times took advantage of, the social tensions that were present in the communities during the early twentieth century." -- Introduction

Includes photograph reproductions of George Walker, Ernie Arthur, John Belanger, Walter Miller, Waino Ketonen, Henry Karhunsaari, Al L'esperance, Alphons Oja, Nahjus Club Wrestlers 1920's, David Takala, Ole Kolehmainen.


title: Exploring Health Care Providers’ Perspectives of Care Practices, Facilitators, and Barriers Experienced when Managing Childhood Obesity in Rural Northwestern Ontario Communities

contributor:
Pearson, Erin
Gotwals, John
Walker, Diane

subject:
Childhood obesity
Rural healthcare
Northwestern Ontario
Pediatric obesity management

abstract:
Previous literature has identified that rural communities have a higher obesity prevalence than their
urban counterparts.  In comparison to the rest of the province, childhood obesity rates are significantly higher in Northwestern Ontario (NWO), a region made up of rural, isolated communities.  Obesity management interventions administered through primary care offer an excellent opportunity to address obesity-related health problems.  To date, there is a paucity of research examining the perceptions of health care providers (HCPs) who work with children, youth, and families regarding facilitators and barriers to care experienced in practice, especially in rural areas.  Moreover, the current standard of care for paediatric obesity management appears to be unknown. Given that childhood obesity is such a complex health issue, interdisciplinary Family Health Teams should have a positive effect on management efforts. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perspectives of interdisciplinary HCPs who subscribe to
the Family Health Team Model in rural NWO communities regarding the care practices, facilitators, and barriers experienced when working to manage overweight and obesity in children and youth.  Participants were recruited from five rural health centres that provide services to paediatric populations in NWO.
Eleven, one-on-one semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted and involved registered dieticians (
n=3), family physicians (n=3), nurse practitioners (n=3), social workers (n=1), and registered practical nurses (n=1).  The researcher followed a semi-structured interview guide; all sessions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive content analysis on NVivo software.
.


title: An inquiry into the fungal diversity associated with the galls formed by Pemphigus betae Doane

subject:
Fungal diversity (galls)
Aphid induced galls
Pemphigus betae Doane
Entomopathogenic fungi
Phylloplane fungi
Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)

abstract:
Leaves affected by galls induced by the aphid Pemphigus betae were collected
from a Populus balsamifera tree located near the community garden on the campus of
Lakehead University Thunder Bay. Out of the galls that were collected, 100 were
selected to examine the fungal diversity found within. Inner tissue samples were taken
from each gall and inoculated onto 2% malt extract agar in Petri dishes. After pure
cultures were obtained through isolation, the fungal taxa were identified. The fungal
diversity found within the galls sampled, displayed an ecological and taxonomic pattern
that varied from gall to gall. One hundred and ninety three isolates representing 43
different taxa were found. The most common species isolated from the galls were
Cladosporium cladosporioides (from 54% of galls), Verticillium lecanii (from 26% of
galls), Penicillium simplicissimum (from 21% of galls), Fusarium sp. 1 (from 20% of
galls) and Penicillium brevicompactum (from 18% of galls). Ecologically, most fungi
represented typical saprophytic and phylloplane species which tend to be ubiquitous and
cosmopolitan, while a few represented entomopathogenic species, and some represented
plant pathogenic species. Further analysis will be needed to understand the full diversity
found within the galls. This can be done through an expansion in the number of samples
collected and isolated from, and from multiple host trees over a larger geographic area.


title: Confronting settler colonialism in food movements

contributor:
Levkoe, Charles
Galway, Lindsay
Schiff, Rebecca

subject:
Food movement
Settler colonialism (food systems)
Sustainable food systems
Indigenous food sovereignties

abstract:
The dominant global capitalist food system is contributing significantly to social, political,
ecological, and economic crises around the world. In response, food movements have emerged to
challenge the legitimacy of corporate power, neoliberal trade policies, and the exploitation of
people and natural resources. Despite important accomplishments, food movements have been
criticized for reinforcing aspects of the dominant food system. This includes settler colonialism,
a fundamental issue uniquely and intimately tied to food systems that has not received the
attention it deserves in food movement scholarship or practice. While there is a small but
growing body of literature that speaks to settler colonialism in contemporary food movements
and a burgeoning scholarship on Indigenous food sovereignties, there are few studies that
examine practical examples of how settler colonialism is being actively addressed by and
through food movement organizations. This research asks: How are food movement
organizations addressing settler colonialism? Using a community-based methodology informed
by settler colonial theory/studies, anti-colonial and decolonizing approaches, and food
sovereignty, research partnerships were formed with two food systems networks, the Thunder
Bay and Area Food Strategy and Sustain: The Australian Food Network. Purposeful sampling
was used to conduct in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 23 settlers and 4 Indigenous
participants in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, and Australia (Victoria, South Australia, and
Western Australia). Findings from thematic analysis are presented in three parts: 1) Settler
inaction; 2) Problematic inclusion; and, 3) Productive engagements, organizational
commitments, and long-term visions. Based on these findings, three areas are proposed where
food movement organizations can more deeply engage in addressing settler colonialism:
Situating our(settler)selves, (re)negotiating relationships, and making organizational
commitment. Several broad methodological limitations of this research are considered,
underscoring the need for additional place-based research that traces anti-colonial and
decolonizing food movement processes and holds them up to the dreams and demands of specific
Indigenous communities whose lands they occupy.


title: The effects of nitrogen Rate On seedlings growth in Picea Mariana

contributor:
Dang, Qing-Lai
Wang, Jian

subject:
Nitrate concentration
Nitrogen cycle
Photosynthetic efficiency
Picea Mariana
Root collar diameter
Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll fluorescnece

abstract:
Nitrogen (N) is critically important for plant growth and development. The
objective of this thesis is to examine how different rates of Nitrogen affect the seedling
growth in black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.). This paper investigates the effects of
nitrogen fertilization on seedlings growth for blcak spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) with a
range of fertilizer applications from 10 to 360 μmol mol-1N. The experiment was carried
out in 2 environmentally controlled greenhouses in the Forest Ecology Complex at the
Thunder Bay Campus of Lakehead University. After four months the fertilizer
application, the seeding height, root collar diameter, and the height to diameter ratio
were evaluated. Seedling growth was significantly affected by the rate of Nitrogen
fertilizer, with an optimum rate at 150% nitrogen rate. The average heights were 38.31,
51, 46.01 43.93 and 47.81cm, respectively, for the 10, 150, 220, 290 and 360 umol mol-
1 N treatments. The nitrogen treatments also affected the variability of RCD but the
patterns of variation were different from that of seedling height. Both seedling heights
and Root collar diameter decreased after 150 umol mol-1 N, which indicating that
saturating plant with high nitrogen levels, however, does not improve plant growth.


title: Exploring older adult male participation in a free, biweekly, group-based, indoor walking initiative

subject: Age-related health terminology

subject: Role of physical activity in aging

subject: Aging

subject: Health benefits of participation in physical activity

subject: Older adult men and masculinity discourses

abstract:
Aging is an inevitable part of life that ushers individuals across the life course (Bryant, Corbett, & Kutner, 2001; Kirk-Sanchez & McGough, 2013; Song & Kong, 2015). The chronological age of 65 is mainly associated with the commencement of old age in most western countries, but this figure is not concrete. Due to the multidimensionality of aging—the varying health, lifestyles, social influences, life expectancies and functional abilities of people throughout the life course—the age range for older adult classification is often expanded to include those as young as 50 (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015).
As both the absolute number and the proportion of older adults in a given society increase, the development and maintenance of good health and wellbeing in this segment of the population gains priority (WHO, 2015). Aging is often associated with the progressive decline and deterioration of health. Fortunately, though, unhealthy environments and behaviours can be modified to halt and reverse the negative effects these detriments may otherwise have on health, and promote healthier and less morbid aging (Ciairano et al., 2010; Geithner & McKenney, 2010; Unger, Johnson, & Marks, 1997). Older adults are a knowledgeable and reliable segment of the population and their valuable contributions to society through volunteering, participation in the paid workforce, and care-giving are affected by their health, wellbeing, and functional ability; thus, ensuring that they are provided with supportive environments conducive to health is key (Public Health Agency of Canada [PHAC], 2006; The Canadian Press, 2012).


title: Factors influencing mechanical properties of OSB

subject:
OSB structure
OSB manufacturing
OSB application
Oriented strand board (OSB)

abstract:
With more and more buildings built around the world, OSB is an important building
material. Learning about its properties can help people make use of the OSB panel effectivity. In
this paper, the author will examine the relationship between OSB and these factors by looking at
published data. Secondly, the author will introduce the production method of OSB, the structure
of OSB, the application of OSB, and the basic properties of OSB. This article describes which
factors affect the properties of OSB. It also helps to learn about how the properties of OSB
change in a particular case and how to manufacture OSB the most efficiently. People have tested
OSB at different densities under the manufacturing process according to the standard of SN EN
300 in order to reduce the experimental error. The results show that the mechanical properties of
OSB are better with higher density. Resin is another factor to affect the mechanical properties of
OSB. In the experiments, different types and amounts of resin to manufacture OSB are tested.
Then OSB mechanical properties are tested for the variations in manufacturing listed above. The
results show that the more resin used to a certain degree, the better the OSB mechanical
properties. The urea-formaldehyde and the Phenol - formaldehyde resins are two resins normally
used in OSB. The result shows that using the Phenol - formaldehyde for OSB displays better
mechanical properties than urea-formaldehyde. The species of raw material is another factor
affecting the mechanical properties of wood. In the experiment, the mechanical properties of
OSB made of pine, hardwood mixture, and aspen were tested. However, there is some error
caused by different manufacturing methods.


title: Effects of sucrose and sorbitol on cement hydration applications to cement stabilization of metal waste

contributor:
Catalan, Lionel
Kinrade, Stephen

subject:
Sucrose
Sorbitol
Cement
Tricalicum silicate
Ordinary Portland cement
White Portland cement
Stabilization/solidification

abstract: Cement-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) is a widely used technique to treat industrial wastes containing toxic metal ions before land disposal. To prevent the fast setting of the treated waste during its transportation from the treatment plant to the disposal site, small amounts of sucrose or sorbitol can be added to slow down the speed of cement setting, thus adding flexibility to the handling of the treated waste. However, sucrose and sorbitol may also affect the leachability of the metal ions present in the treated waste because of their ability to alter the microstructure of hydrated cement pastes. In the first stage of this research, various types of cements (pure tricalcium silicate [C3S], white Portland cement [WPC] and ordinary Portland cement [OPC]), which represent systems of increasing compositional complexity, were investigated to better understand the contribution of individual cement components to the properties of hydrated pastes. The degree of hydration was measured as a function of curing time by SEM grey level analysis and loss-on-ignition testing. The hydration rate was found to decrease as C3S > WPC > OPC, correlating with the relative content of C3S and tricalcium aluminate (C3A).


title: Influence of riparian harvesting on boreal understory vegetation

contributor:
Prepas, Ellie
Chen, Han
Palik, Brian

subject:
Boreal forest
Community ecology
Compositional stability
Diversity-stability hypothesis
Logging
Riparian buffer
Riparian forests
Species composition
Species richness
Understory vegetation

abstract:
In the boreal forest, understory vegetation accounts for the majority of floristic diversity and affects overstory succession and productivity, nutrient cycling, and wildlife habitat. In
riparian forests, understory vegetation also plays an important functional role by reducing
erosion, stabilizing the stream channel, and regulating water quality and quantity. Despite this critical importance, effects of harvesting on understory plant communities in riparian forests are still poorly understood. This study uses data from two boreal ecozones in Canada to quantify how overstory harvesting affects understory vegetation communities and how disturbance-response relationships vary from stream edge to uplands.
Using data collected during the summer before harvesting (Yr 0), and three summers after
harvesting (Yrs 1, 5 and 7) from headwater stream sites on the Boreal Plain study area
(Central Alberta), compositional stability (i.e., the measure of change in community
membership and abundance) was measured following disturbance. Non-metric
multidimensional scaling was used to ordinate vegetation plots using species cover, and then measured vector length in the ordination space to quantify floristic dissimilarity (i.e., inverse of compositional stability) of each sample plot. Streamside understory plant communities were compositionally more stable relative to upland communities following clearcut harvesting. Compositional stability was positively related to pre-harvest species richness and negatively related to pre-harvest bryoid cover. Changes in species diversity, abundance and turnover following harvesting were also examined. Streamside communities harvested with or without a 30 m riparian buffer, were maintained to a condition similar to uncut forests. However, upland communities were less resistant to overstory harvest, relative to streamside communities, and subsequently colonized by grasses, forbs, and tall shrubs; many of which were present in pre-harvest riparian plots.


title: Effects of oral contraceptives on daily self-ratings of positive and negative affect

subject: Oral contraceptives - Psychological aspects

subject: Self-evaluation

abstract:
The present study examined whether duration of oral contraceptive (OC)
use could account for the inconsistent findings of previous studies on the
relationship between affect and OC use. This study was the first to examine
positive affect variability and to directly compare early, late, and never users of
OCs, The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Menstrual
Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) were filled out daily for 35 days by 9 6 female
university students (17 first-time OC users, 34 long-time users, and 45 neverusers).
Despite predictions to the contrary, no group differences were found
for negative affect, positive affect, or affect variability. However, exploratory
analyses suggested that OC type (monophasic vs. triphasic) has a differential
effect on positive affect variability across the menstrual cycle for first-time and
long-time OC users. Neither somatic symptoms or somatic symptom variability
could entirely account for these differences. The overall findings suggest that
while no common change in affect or affect variability occurs in all women
taking OCs, OC type (a pharmacological factor), duration of use, and individual
difference variables may warrant further exploration as mediating variables in
OC-related affect changes. Finally, while the main results found no support for
the role of the “survivor effect" as an artifactual confound, the results of an
exploratory comparison suggest that for specific groups of women, it may be
a confound.


title: Water quality and toxicity investigations of two pit lakes at the former Steep Rock iron mines, near Atikokan, Ontario / by Andrea R. Goold.

contributor:
Lee, Peter
Conly, Andrew
Momot, Walter T.

subject:
Water quality
Iron mines and mining
Water - Toxicology
Northwestern Ontario
Steep Rock iron mines (Ontario)

abstract:
Caland and Hogarth Pit Lakes formed after cessation of mining and
dewatering efforts of open-pit iron mines, near Atikokan, Ontario. They were
assessed for w ater quality changes since monitoring began in 1998. Stable
isotopes were used to evaluate trends in water columns and gain information on geological processes influencing water quality. Chronic toxicity investigations were carried out for Hogarth Pit Lake.
Approaching depths of 200 m, both pits have been filling with groundwater
and precipitation since termination of mining in 1979. Limestone and carbonate deposits in the area counter production of acids from waste rocks, resulting in near-neutral pH’s in both lakes. Although proximal pit lakes, there are major chemistry differences between them. Caland is characterized by alkaline, nutrient rich, while Hogarth has elevated conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and S0[subscript 4 superscript 2] levels. Monitoring trends reveal gradual dilution of both pit lakes since 1998. Hogarth has pronounced seasonal variations, with winter months having elevated levels of the aforementioned parameters. Similar δ[superscript34]S
profiles in Caland and Hogarth suggest pyritic lenses in the ore body are the
major source of sulfates for both lakes. Caland δ[superscript 13]Cdic values reveal organic inputs are the major sources of carbon, whereas Hogarth’s major source of carbon comes from weathering carbonates.
Hogarth Pit Lake has experienced a change in toxicity. In 1999 the lake
was acutely toxic, and by 2005, chronic effects were present. Chronic toxicity testing using Ceriodaphnia dubia resulted in intermittent toxicity occurring in the winter months. Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) tests did not successfully Isolate the cause of toxicity, which led to exploration of TDS toxicity using mock effluents. Mimicking concentrations of the most abundant ions (Ca[superscript2+], Mg[superscript2+], and SO[subscript 4][superscript 2-]) , mock effluent test results on both C. dubia and Lemna m/nor suggest TDS were responsible for the majority of toxicity in Hogarth. Bioaccumulation studies using Eleocharis smallii and Pyganodon grandis resulted in elevated concentrations of S and Ni in tissues exposed to Hogarth water. Metals contributing to toxicity in Hogarth, especially Ni, could still a possibility and should not be ruled out.

Study sites : Caland Pit Lake near the former Caland Ore Company and Hogarth Pit Lake near the former Steep Rock Mines near Atikokan, Northwestern Ontario.


title: Healing the Whole Self: Exploring the Development and Evaluation of a Community-Based, Culturally-Competent, and Evidence-Informed Group Therapy for Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

contributor:
Stroink, Mirella
Mushquash, Christopher
Tan, Josephine

subject:
Mental health interventions
Intimate partner violence

abstract:
Research has demonstrated that mental health interventions for women who have experienced
intimate partner violence are lacking. Moreover, mental health interventions are generally not
adapted or developed for culturally diverse peoples, and therefore may be ineffective and
potentially re-traumatizing. Conceptualizations of health, well-being and illness are often Western
and Eurocentric, and may marginalize other ways of knowing. While this is not the case for all
diverse individuals who engage in therapy, the research literature has suggested that it may be the
case for many. As such, the current project proposed to develop a culturally competent group
mental health intervention for women in northwestern Ontario who are surviving the emotional
and psychological effects of intimate partner violence. Considering the limited number of such
interventions, and the paucity of outcomes research, a scoping review was completed of mental
health interventions for women of colour survivors of intimate partner violence (Chapter Two).
This also included engaging with community members in Thunder Bay, Ontario to gather
information about the needs of this particular population (Chapter Three), and integrating this
information with best practices for working with typical psychological/emotional consequences of
intimate partner violence, creating the Healing the Whole Self model (Chapter Four and Therapy
Manual). After the model was developed, it was implemented and evaluated at a community
mental health centre in Thunder Bay, Ontario (Chapters Five and Six), and the model was
disseminated at a full-day training workshop (Chapter Seven). This dissertation depicts a process
of community-based research initiated to fill a gap in services, ensuring quality and effectiveness
of services, and examining other such services to gain a better understanding of culturally-based
and –competent practices.


title: North American pinewood nematode disease in China

subject:
Pinewood nematode
Vascular wilt

abstract:
The pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is an important alien
invasive species in China. This pinewood nematode poses a serious threat to Chinese
forests. It does have an important impact on forestry, including economic,
environmental, ecological and social. Here, I summarize the current situation of the
occurrence and development of North American pinewood nematode disease, and
combine Chinese practices in pinewood nematode control to propose considerations
from five aspects: 1) laws, 2) national department, 3) scientific research, 4)
technology promotion and application, and 5) Science popularization and public
education, but also in terms of scientific and technological support, technology
promotion and application, scientific popularization, and public education to consider
the management strategy of pinewood nematode disease in China.


title: Natural decay resistance of some Ghanaian timbers and wood decay hazard potential for Ghana

subject:
Wood Deterioration Ghana
Timber Ghana

abstract:
The natural decay resistance of 30 Ghanaian wood species, the decay capacity of four
wood decay fungi, the effect of test method on fungal decay ability, and the wood decay hazard
potential in Ghana were determined. Five of the wood species were rated as highly resistant,
six as resistant, eight as moderately resistant and 11 as non resistant. Of the four decay fungi,
Coriolopsis polyzona, Oligoporus placentus, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Trametes versicolor,
only the strain of C. polyzona (004) induced adequate weight loss in the birch reference wood in
either test methods (agar- and soil-block) for use in decay resistance rating. The two methods
significantly influenced the performance of the fungi after 6 weeks of exposure with the white rot
fungi showing higher decay ability in soil- than agar-block method, the converse was true for the
brown rot fungus (O. placentus) using Betula alleghaniensis as substrate. However, after 12
weeks of exposure the test methods did not seem to have any effect on the performance of the
fungi and resultant decay rating. Wood decay hazard in Ghana varies from areas of moderate, to
those of very high potential. Generally the western part of the country has higher hazard
potential than the eastern portions and the south has higher potential than the north, except for
the southeastern comer which has the lowest hazard potential. Rainfall amounts, and to some
extent the relief of the area, were the paramount determinants of the decay index in Ghana rather
than temperature.


title: Impact of biochar and industrial ash amendments on soil properties, growth and nutrition of black and white spruce seedlings in a sandy loam soil

subject: Black spruce Seedlings Ontario Thunder Bay Region

subject: Black spruce Fertilizers Ontario Thunder Bay Region

subject: Black spruce Ontario Thunder Bay Region Growth

abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish and examine a controlled field experiment near Thunder Bay, Ontario using industrially produced ash and biochar as a soil amendment. This study monitors the change in physical, chemical, and biological properties to the field soil, as well as, the growth of black and white spruce seedlings. Biochar and ash were applied to split plots (black spruce on one half and white spruce on the other) at the levels of 0, 1, and 10 tonnes ha-1. Ash application at 10 tonnes ha-1 caused the most significant changes to the soil's chemical properties including: increasing pH, electrical conductivity, Ca, K, Na, estimated cation exchange capacity, S, and Zn; while decreasing Mg, and available/mineralizable NH4. The only significant change to the soil from biochar application was a decrease in extractable Cu concentrations after the application of 10 tonnes ha-1. There were no significant differences between treatments in tree growth after two growing seasons. However, seedling foliage nutrient concentrations increased significantly for some nutrients with the application of ash. Black spruce and white spruce both increased in foliage nutrients  B, K, and S. However, only black spruce seedling increased in foliar Ca, and Mg, which was likely due to a difference in rooting patterns. It is possible that since the plots were located on an old nursery site that most nutrient deficiencies have been amended in the past and the effects of the treatment on the soil were not as great as they could be on poorer soil. The increase in foliage nutrient concentrations in black and white spruce points to possible changes to seedling growth in the future. Therefore, a more long term study must be done to determine if seedling performance will be affected by these treatments.


title: Workplace support for employees with cancer / by Behdin Nowrouzi.

contributor:
Lightfoot, Nancy
Jamieson, John
Martin, Lynn

subject:
Employee assistance programs
Employees - Health
Cancer patients - Employment

abstract:
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to survey human resource personnel about how their northeastern Ontario workplaces assist employees with cancer. METHODS: This crosssectional study sent surveys to 255 workplaces in northeastern Ontario with 25 or more employees from December 2007 to April 2008. There were 101 respondents (39.6% response rate). Logistic regression modelling was used to identify factors associated with more or less workplace support. More or less workplace support was defined as those workplaces that provided employees with paid time for medical appointment, and offered a return to work meeting and reduced hours for employees with cancer. Factors considered in the model
included: organizational size, geographic location (e.g., urban or rural) and workplace type (e.g., private versus public sector). RESULTS: The majority of participants were female (67.4%) and ranged in age from 25 to 70. Respondents reported working for organizations that ranged in size
from 25 to over 9000 employees. In the logistic regression model, large organizational size (OR, 6.97, 95% Cl, 1.34 - 36.2) and public sector (e.g., governmental bodies, education boards and non-profit organizations) (OR, 4.98, 95% Cl, 1.16 - 21.3) were associated with employer assistance. Public sector employers were 5 times more likely, while organizations with more
than 50 employers were almost 7 times more likely to provide employer assistance. The geographic location (i.e., urban or rural workplace) was not associated with employer assistance.
CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates how employers are assisting employees with cancer in their northeastern Ontario workplaces and provides support to foster supportive professional relationships during a difficult period in a worker’s life which necessitates concurrent balance of work life, dealing with a chronic illness, and family responsibilities.


title: Multicultural ways of knowing :  reading the Kite Runner in a grade 11 class

contributor:
Courtland, Mary Clare
Allingham, Philip
Richards, Merle

subject:
Multicultural education
Cultural awareness
Study and teaching
English language
Language arts

abstract: This qualitative study describes responses of twenty-eight students in a Grade 11 language arts class as they read, The Kite Runner (Hosseini, 2004), and responded to activities in the context of a multicultural unit. The study is situated within the conceptual constructs of reader response pedagogy, response to multicultural literature and curriculum planning and implementation of units. The study took place within a four-week period and included multiple data sources. Eight themes emerged from the analysis of data: character analysis; stylistic devices, identifying with self; sociocultural knowledge; sociopolitical awareness; broadening perspectives; role of the teacher and response group process. Students' experiential modes of engagement and response evoked intertextual connections that contributed to an empathized understanding of the lives of the characters embedded in the textual world of The Kite Runner, and in the process, made them aware of their own cuture and traditions. Response group discussions played a role in futhering students' comprehension of sociocutural and sociopolitical issues on personal, textual, and global levels. The organization and resources embedded in the multicultural unit were signifficant tools that provided students with the structure and opportunities for metacognitive growth.


title: Ground speed : its influence on the direct seeding of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) with the Bracke scarifier

subject:
Bracke scarifier
Site preparation (Forestry)
Jack pine
Direct seeding

abstract:
The effects that ground speed and obstacle height have
upon microsite creation by the Bracke scarifier and upon the
seeding characteristics of the integral seeder were studied.
The study was conducted in a former gravel pit with
homologous soil conditions and uniform obstacle sizes to
minimize sources of variation. Jack pine {Pinus banksiana
Lamb.) seed was treated with ^Scandium, a gamma-emitting
labelling agent. The trial involved running the
scarification unit at four speeds, over three obstacle sizes.
Data were collected on microsite dimensions, seeder
performance and seed placement. A field trial was also
conducted to follow trends seen in the gravel pit portion.
Results indicated that the height of an obstacle had more
effect on microsite attributes, seeder performance and seed
placement than did the ground speed at which the scarifier
was drawn. Microsite length and longitudinal seed placement
decreased as obstacle height increased, while lateral seed
placement increased with increasing obstacle height. It was
recommended that the Bracke scarifier/seeder be operated at
40 m/min in order to reduce the influence of obstacles. The
seeder must be properly calibrated to account for the
influence of obstacles: a modified technique was discussed.
Trends observed in the gravel pit trial were not apparent in
the smaller field trial.


title: A morphological comparison of two Canadian populations of the pink striped oakworm (Anisota virginiensis Drury) (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE)

subject: Anisota virginiensis

subject: Pink-striped oakworm

subject: Morphological variations (A. virginiensis)

abstract:
This thesis involves a morphological and physiological comparison of two
Canadian populations (Manitoba and Nova Scotia), and several USA populations of
adult pink-striped oakworm (Anisota virginiensis) moths. It was hypothesized that there
would be no significant differences in morphological characteristics of these adult moths
(i.e., body length, wingspan, and colouration). Adult moth body lengths and wingspans
were measured. By using a series of t-tests none of the populations were deemed to be
significantly different. However there appears to be a modest trend towards smaller adult
moths from northern and western parts of the range of this moth. Additionally, adult
wing colouration was quite different amongst populations. Further research using
mDNA procedures may indicate that certain populations of the pink-striped oakworm
are new species.


title: Influence of situational characteristics on coping / Trevor Deck.

subject:
Adjustment (Personality)
Personality and situation


title: The effects of naturally-derived plant compounds on pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity

contributor:
Suntres, Zacharias
Leung, Kam
Malek, Ladislav

subject: Pseudomonas aeruginosa characteristics

subject: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and nosocomial infections

subject: Pathogenicity of cystic fibrosis

subject: P.aeruginosa pathogenicity

subject: Antibiotic resistance mechanisms

subject: Biofilm development

subject: Treatment of p.aeruginosa lung infections

subject: Naturally derived antibiotic compounds

abstract:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has risen as one of the most resistant bacterial pathogens affecting people worldwide. Inefficacy of current antimicrobial treatments to relieve P. aeruginosa infections demands the need for novel antimicrobial therapies. Natural products such as the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of North American ginseng, as well as thymol and carvacrol, compounds purified from thyme and oregano, have previously displayed antibacterial properties against P. aeruginosa. In this study we examined the effect of these compounds on P. aeruginosa pathogenicity by measuring pathogenic markers (ie virulence factor secretion, biofilm formation) after PAO1 and Cystic Fibrosis clinical isolates were treated with the natural compounds. Thymol and carvacrol were able to attenuate the growth of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates in nutrient and minimal media however PAO1growth was only attenuated in the nutrient media. The alcoholic ginseng extract displayed no growth inhibitory action towards any strain tested; however
the aqueous ginseng extract attenuated growth of all strains at concentrations of 8.0-7.0% w/v and 3.0-2.0% w/v in the minimal and nutrient media respectively. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of the aqueous ginseng extract increased growth rate and bacterial adherence, but decreased the production of many virulence factors, while the alcoholic ginseng treatment increases secretion of select virulence factors. Microarray analysis revealed decreases in virulence factors with sub-inhibitory aqueous ginseng extract exposure. Treatment with sub-inhibitory concentrations of thymol or carvacrol reduced pigment, lipase, and protease secretion after exposure to thymol or carvacrol in a strain specific manner; however bacterial motility was negatively affected in all strains with treatment of either compound. Microarray the thymol 6 h and carvacrol 24 h treatments displayed enhanced expression of pyoverdine and pyochelin synthesis genes. Enrichment of the ribosomal pathway was substantial after the 24 h carvacrol and aqueous extract exposures, findings which require further investigation. Overall reduction in pathogenesis was most evident with the aqueous ginseng extract however thymol and carvacrol were most effective at inhibiting bacterial growth. Further chemical analysis of the alcoholic and aqueous ginseng extracts may reveal specific extract constituents with potent antibacterial properties. Analysis of potential synergy between the tested plant components and current antibiotics of P. aeruginosa may provide a greater appreciation for their use in antibacterial therapies.