title: Optical phonons of some double nitrate single crystals

abstract: Part of the lattice vibrational (phonon) spectra of the compounds Ce2Mg3(N03) .24H20 and La2Mg (NO3)12'24H2° have been investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy. After a short discussion of the mechanism of inelastic scattering of light (Raman spectroscopy), the theory of lattice vibrations and the activity of the phonons is presented. The complete selection rules for the crystals are obtained by carrying out a factor group analysis together with a detailed discussion of the crystallographic structure of the double nitrate salts. Comparison of the Raman spectra of the Lanthanum and Cerium double nitrates indicates that both have the same structure. The existence of hydrogen bonding among the oxygen atoms of the N0~ groups and hydrogen atoms of water molecules is shown from the observed shift of the NO modes with temperature, and also, the shift of the normal modes of the water molecules.


title: Pressure distribution on a circular cylinder in cross flow with blowing

abstract: An experimental study of the pressure distribution around a circular cylinder in cross flow with blowing has been carried out in this investigation. Three cylinders of 2 in. O.D. and of different roughnesses were tested. Two solid cylinders were also tested to study the effects of blowing in relation to non blown cylinders. The Reynolds number ranged from 0.3 x 105 to 1.08 x 10s for the blown cylinders while for the solid cylinders it ranged from 0.3 x 105 to 2.39 x 10s. The dimensionless blowing parameter varied from 0.4 to 7.3 while the roughness coefficient (k A) ranged from 0.5 x 10~5 to 27.5 x 10~5. The data obtained was corrected for static pressure hole error and wind tunnel wall interference effects. The dimensionless pressure coefficient C has been P presented in graphical form as a function of the angular location. Comparison of the pressure distribution with blowing, with that of no blowing indicates that blowing alters the pressure distribution considerably, the deviation being largest near the region of minimum pressure. The higher the blowing rate, the larger is the deviation of the pressure distribution from that of a solid cylinder. At high blowing rates the point of minimum pressure moved towards the rear stagnation point and the adverse pressure gradient was small or almost absent, the entire flow tending towards supercritical. Roughness did not have any significant effect on the pressure distribution with or without blowing in the subcritical range. In the critical range the rough solid cylinder (k ,, = 27.5 x 10"5) underwent transition before separation at s/d Re^ = 2.39 x 10s, while the smooth solid cylinder (k /d = 0.5 x 10' still separated laminarly at Re^ = 2.27 x 10s. The drag coefficient CD calculated from the pressure distribution was found to decrease with blowing, the effect being slight.


title: Seasonal variations in symptomatology and food preferences among patients with bulimia nervosa and normal controls.

abstract: Seasonal variations in binging, purging, food preference and mood were investigated in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) and in normal controls (NC) using a retrospective questionnaire, the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. Thirty one patients with BN and 31 nonbulimic NCs were matched on age and SES. Results indicated that binging, purging, total food preference and mood in BN exhibited strong relationships with seasonal changes in meteorological variables represented by photoperiod. In contrast, NCs experienced seasonal variations in mood but not in total food preference. Neither group experienced preferential seasonal changes in carbohydrate foods. SAD was more prevalent in BN than in NCs. Results suggest that BN is a disorder of satiety for calories rather than carbohydrates which varies seasonally and is accompanied by significant seasonal variations in mood. Results are discussed with respect to serotonergic functionning and the relationship between BN and SAD.


title: Critical heat flux in horizontal and vertical 37-element nuclear fuel bundles

abstract:
The flow models for critical heat flux in flow boiling in tubes and rod bundle geometries are reviewed. Sadeghlou's C6D correlation for vertical 37-element bundles at 1000 psia is reviewed and the significance of the Becker-type quality correction factors for geometry/ pressure/ radial flux depression/ heat flux and bundle junction end plates are examined. A CHF correlation for vertical 37-element bundles is presented which describes the available high mass flux data with an rms error of 4.3%.
The effect of buoyant forces on CHF in horizontal flow tubes is reviewed. A brief review of the principles of similitude and modeling along with a description of their application to Freon-to-water modeling in CHF experiments is given. Ahmad's [7] method of compensated distortion is described and his scaling flow parameter fervertical orientations presented. Meri lo' s [8] development of adimensionless scaling flow parameter for horizontal tubes is described. Using the techniques of Ahmad and Merilo, and CHF data from 37-element bundles cooled by Freon and by water, a scalin9 flow parameter for horizontal conditions in 37-element bundles is developed. Using this scaling flow parameter, the calculation of water-equivalent results from Freon-12 CHF data is described. A CHF correlation for horizontal 37-element CANDU bundles is present~d, which describes the water-equivalent data and the actual water data in the range of interest with a rms error of 4.4%. The application of this CHF correlation to the design of CANDU fuel channels is discussed and the benefits of the use of this correlation over the current approach are stated.


title: A study on the decomposition of some N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamic acids

abstract: A study of the decomposition of several N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamic (DTC) acids has been made in aqueous solutions and mixed solvents of various composition, and a mechanism for the decomposition has been suggested. It is concluded from polarographic and kinetic (decomposition of DTC acids) studies, spectral properties of the DTC acids, and acid-base titrimetric studies of the dithiocarbamates that these reagents are monobasic with the sulfur atom of the DTC undergoing protonation. Also, studies on the evaluation of the acid dissociation constants from decomposition rate constants have been made. The primary and secondary salt effects on the decomposition of the DTC acids at low and high pH values have been discussed. The results of studies of the decomposition of DTC acids in water-alcohol mixtures, in aqueous solutions as a function of pH and ionic strength, and in deuterium oxide are consistent with the mechanism for decomposition suggested in this thesis. In addition to studies on the decomposition of DTC acids, methods for determining the DTC and water content in several DTC salts are described and compared. Some studies on solvent extraction of the DTC acids are also presented and discussed.


title: Long term performance of internally controlled restricted voting firms

abstract: The existence of restricted shares has significant implication for a potential divergence of interest between external equity providers and "insiders", and the deeper the divergence, the greater the potential for underperformance. Application of this agency theory to "singles" suggests a lower performance compared to "matched" diversely-held firms. Based on a sample of 90 internally-controlled restricted voting firms with their corresponding "matched" firms identified using propensity scores, this study provides partial empirical support to theoretical implications. Between 1985 and 1994, Treynor's performance index of 0.012 and 0.011 for "singles" and "matched" firms respectively, confirms no significant statistical difference in long term stock market performance. Accounting-based analysis is also consistent with stock market performance, however, when the sample of Initial Public Offerings is analysed separately, "matched" firms actually outperform "singles".


title: Studies on colour quenching liquid scintillation counting

abstract: Investigations of the relationship between absorbance, wavelength of absorption, and counting efficiency led to the development of an empirical method for the calculation of counting efficiency depending only on the spectral characteristics of the sample solution. Correlation of the separation between the wavelength of maximum absorbance of the sample and emission of the fluor was achieved, with this approach making the method quite general for any counter or fluor used. A separation of 20-30 nm indicates severe quenching whereas separations of 100 nm, and 150 nm or more indicate moderate and negligible quenching respectively. Comparison of the external standard ratio quench correction curves for colour and chemical quenching indicated a very slight difference between the two suggesting that the external standard ratio could be used for correction of both. A more detailed study than has been presented in the literature confirmed this view and established that the error incurred by use of one curve was at most six percent, which is quite acceptable for most uses. Pulse height distributions indicated that the counter response was the same for colour and chemical quenching in agreement with a previous proposition concerning logarithmically amplified counters. Further investigations, however, suggested that the original interpretation of the distributions could be in error, although it is not exactly clear at this stage what the cause is.


title: Interactions between temperature sensitive dnaB mutants of Escherichia coli and the plasmid R64-11

abstract: The observed suppression of the temperature sensitivity of chromosomal DNA synthesis in various dnaB mutants of Escherichia coli by a variety of large conjugative antibiotic. Resistance conferring plasmids (R factors) had been postulated to be due to the presence on these plasmids of a dnaB analog ( ban) gene. Attempts to support this hypothesis by physically locating and characterizing this postulated gene of the R factor R64-ll by means of~ vitro recombinant DNA and ON/\ hybridization techniques were unsuccessful. It was observed that no regions of this R factor DNA cloned into a multi-copy plasmid vector exhibited suppressing activity when genetically transformed into several dnaB temperature sensitive mutants , nor was there any detectable nucleotide sequence homology between the dnaB gene of E. coli and -- --R64-ll. Further investigation of this R factor- mediated suppresion phenomena provided data which tended not only to dispute the ban gene hypothesis; at least with respect to R64-ll, but to suggest that this suppression might be due to a generalized 'mutator' property of this plasmid.


title: Benzylpentaquochromium (III)-chromiun (II) exchange, and the reduction of some benzyl compounds by chromiun (II)

abstract: Rates of electron transfer between benzylpentaaquochromium(ITT) ions and chromium(TT) ions in methanol-water solution have been studied. The reaction pathway was found to be first order in each reactant and to be hydrogen ion independent. Rate constants for substituted and unsubstituted benzylpentaaquochromiiim (T IT) ions were similar, -2 -1 -1 about 1 x 10 M sec at 0°. Activation parameters in the case of the unsubstituted ion were AS* = -29 eu and AH* = 9 kcal mole"1. The electron transfer mechanism is discussed with emphasis on comparisons with reactions of established mechanism. It is concluded that electron transfer occurs by an inner-sphere mechanism via a hydrogen-bridged activated complex. Isotope exchange reactions between two benzylpentaaquochromium(TII) ions have also been studied. The exchange is again first order in each - 7> -1 reactant, with a rate constant of 1.2 x 10 M sec at 0° in methanol-water solvent. Actuation parameters were similar to those given above. The proposed mechanism for this exchange reaction is one involving a four-centered transition state involving both reactants in which both chromium atoms have a formal oxidation state of +2. Studies on reactions between benzylpentaaquochromium(ITI) ion and benzyl halides are reported. These reactions were studied from the point of view of the chromium-containing species. Rate constants for the reactions involved are given, and the calculated and experimental data compared. The actual mechanisms involved have not been completely elucidated and still appear to be rather complex. Organometallic (benzyl halide)chromium(O) tricarbonyl complexes are shown to be reduced by chromous ion with overall second order kinetics and to form metastable, water-soluble (benzylchromium(ITT))chromium(0) tricarbonyl ions, [(PhCH2CrTII)Cr°(CO)3]2+, as the reaction intermediate. While these reduction reactions appear similar to those for the chromous ion reduction of benzyl halides, the reduction rates for the series of tricarbonyls (chloride, bromide, and iodide) are -3 -1 essentially constant at approximately 6.0 x 10 M sec at 25°. This is interpreted as being due to the formation, in each case, of a reaction intermediate formed from a free radical in which the electron of the radical goes into a non-bonding orbital of the chromium(0) atom. The reaction of this species with chromous ion is taken as being the rate determining step in the formation of the intermediate. The decomposition of (benzylchromium(III))chromium(0) tricarbonyl ion in acid solution gives toluenechromium(0) tricarbonyl in almost quantitative yield and there is no evidence for the formation of dimeric products. Chromous ion reduction of a,a'-dibromoxylenes gives rise to the formation of yellow, metastable, water-soluble intermediates; o-(bromomethyl)benzylchromium(TII) ion from a,a"-dibromo-o-xylene and the para from.


title: Algorithms and experiments for globally consistent mapping of underground passageway environments

abstract: The problem addressed by this thesis is whether globally consistent mapping can be practically achieved for the underground mining industry with little to no infrastructure and no a priori knowledge of the environment. This thesis has specific application to an underground global positioning system (UGPS) research project that is currently underway at MDA Space Missions of Brampton, ON. Using developed methods and algorithms from the mobile robotics literature, a tailored mapping algorithm was constructed for the effective and accurate mapping of large scale passageway environments. Following the use of a simulated environment for both feasibility tests and algorithm validation, the developed algorithms were applied to three real data sets, each having unique characteristics. Two of the data sets were obtained from underground mines courtesy of Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB of Orebro, Sweden. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the produced pose estimates and maps provided clear indications about where the developed algorithms perform well, and also identified possible areas of future research. Finally, the successful integration of the generated maps into MDA's localization research was achieved.


title: Market definition for applications development software packages in Canadian MIS/DP departments

abstract: The dissertation uses perceptual positioning techniques in an industrial marketing context for the purpose of market definition, based on proximity (similarity by grouping) and dominance (preference ranking) judgments subsequently processed by Multidimensional Scaling and clustering techniques. Judgments were expressed on stimuli sets that respondents could modify at will and included any brands and concepts involved in applications development for a given computer line. Judgments of MIS/DP managers in Canadian organizations using Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX and Hewlett-Packard (HP) HP3000 minicomputers resulted in two distinct market definitions which show the respective brands, concepts and respondents in a common joint space. In each case, two respondent populations were used: a demand-side sample chosen at random from the Canadian Information Processing Society's 1986 Computer Census and a supply-side convenience sample of Congos Inc employees. Qualitatively speaking the DEC and HP results are similar: 3-dimensional demand side and 2-dimensional supply-side market definitions, no sub-markets and existing customer segments based on preference. Reliability and validity issues addressed in the research give credibility to the results obtained and encourage further research.


title: An investigation of the histopathological, behavioural, and neurochemical effects of neonatal cholinergic lesions in the rat using ethylcholine mustard aziridinium (AF64A)

abstract: This study investigated the long term histopathological, behavioural and neurochemical effects of neonatal intraventricular administration of AF64A. Administration of 2.0, 0.5 and 0.1 nmol/ventricle AF64A on post natal day (PND) 2, resulted in a significant reduction of the enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus but not the cerebral cortex or the caudate nucleus on PND 16. By PND 58 however, no biochemical effects of this lesion were evident in ChAT activity. There was however, a nearly significant depletion of cortical dopamine in animals treated with 2.0 nmol/ventricle AF64A. The initial reduction of hippocampal ChAT in the 2.0 nmol group was accompanied by extensive localized tissue necrosis along the dorsal and ventral perimeters of the lateral ventricles at PND 40. This tissue damage was most evident in the forelimb and parietal areas of the left cortex, in both the right and left caudate nucleus at the decussation of the anterior commissure and finally, at the dorsal hippocampus just anterior to the decussation of the posterior commissure. Behaviourally, the 2.0 nmol-injected animals were characterized by a profound deficit in spatial learning on days 2, 3 and 4, but not on day 5 during place navigation in the Morris water maze. These animals failed to differ from controls on the cued navigation and spatial probe portions of the water maze. They were also hyperactive, entering more arms during a 5 Neonatal cholinergic lesions 3 minute exposure to the elevated-plus maze at PND 58. There were no behavioural differences between 0.5 or 0.1 nmol animals and vehicle administered controls during place navigation, cued navigation and spatial probe portions of testing in the Morris water maze and as well on the elevated-plus maze. It is concluded that the hyperactivity and the profound impairment in spatial learning observed in the 2.0 nmol animals are both the result of AF64A's nonspecific toxic effect on the dorsal hippocampus.


title: Isolation and characterization of glucose repression-resistant Escherichia Coli

abstract: The addition of glucose to an Escherichia coli culture causes a transient but strong Inhibition of synthesis of many inducible catabolic enzymes (transient repression). This is followed by a weak but permanent repression (catabolite repression). In order to study how glucose causes such repressions, mutants which are resistant to transient and/or catabolite repression may be useful. A method has been developed for isolating such mutants from a motile strain of E. coli by making use of the fact that glucose also represses the synthesis of its flagella, thus inhibiting motility. The addition of gluconate is known to intensify glucose repression, therefore, mutants were selected which were able to swim towards a chemotactic attractant even after growth in glucose and gluconate. Most of these mutants were able to produce /3-galactosidase in the presence of glucose, and were normal in their ability to degrade adenosine 3»5-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). The characterization of six independently isolated mutants indicates that they exhibited no catabolite repression of B-galactosidase, but varying degrees of transient repression. This is correlatable with their ability to transport oi-methylglucoside via the glucose phosphotransferase system. It has been suggested that cAMP may mediate transient and catabolite repression and that ATP may be the catabolite responsible for catabolite repression. However, the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and ATP did not fluctuate when glucose was added to glycerol-grown cultures of the mutants or the wild type. This suggests that some, as yet unknown factor, also contributes to transient and catabolite repression. The present isolation method has the potential to yield a greater variety of glucose repression-resistant mutants in contrast to previous methods which enrich for a limited variety of such mutants.


title: Almost perfect nonlinear functions

abstract: Almost perfect nonlinear (APN) functions, or differentially 2-uniform functions, are optimally resistant to differential cryptanalysis. As such, the study of APN functions particularly over fields of characteristic two, has important applications in cryptography. We cover the known results on APN functions over both odd and even characteristic fields. We also explore differentially 1-uniform functions, or perfect nonlinear (PN) functions over odd characteristic fields, and almost bent (AB) functions over even characteristic fields. AB functions are a subset of APN functions that have high nonlinearity, making them resistant to linear cryptanalysis. In addition, we explore equivalence classes of APN functions, and what it means for a class of APN functions to be "new", or inequivalent to previously known classes. Finally, we present some new examples of APN functions over the field F53.


title: The Application of ion beams to the study of nuclear recoil reactions in solids

abstract: The work can conveniently be broken into three parts. In Part I, we discuss very briefly the nature of the reactions and establish what we wish to study; nuclear recoil reactions in solids. The advantage of using ion beams for this intent are many and are discussed. Several disadvantages of ion beams are also considered. From this discussion we are able to establish basic general criteria on which to base the design Part II generally deals with the design and construction of the instruments. In the first half we discuss a number of alternative methods which can be used to achieve the same end without making any decision on which to use. This has the advantage of presenting the possible alternatives in the same light. The second half of this section considers in detail the chosen design, proceeding from the ion source to the target cold finger. In Part III we present an account of our efforts to make the instrument work, and the conclusions we have reached based upon our observations. The section concludes with several recommendations for redesign, especially the vacuum system.


title: Finite element analysis of footings in granular approach fills

abstract: The behaviour of a continuous footing on a granular slope is investigated by finite element methods. The experimental load-settlement behaviour, the normal stress and the shear stress distributions of a model footing are compared with the corresponding results obtained by finite element techniques. A prototype bridge abutment founded on granular slope is also analysed by a finite element method; the obtained load-settlement behaviour, as well as the normal and shear stress distributions are compared with the actual measurements at the bridge abutment. The load-settlement curves obtained by the finite element method were found to be in agreement with those obtained experimentally. The normal and shear stress distributions of the examined foundation on slope by finite element analysis, were compared with both theoretical and experimental stresses of a foundation on a flat ground. This comparison has been made since analytical and experimental stress distributions of a foundation on slopes are not available.


title: The effects of pressure and temperature on the permeability and porosity of selected crystalline rock samples

abstract: The understanding of the hydromechanical behaviour of crystalline rocks with temperature and pressure is necessary for assessing the long-term performance of deep underground storage facilities. Permeability and porosity variations with pressure and temperature were investigated on predominantly granitic samples in the laboratory. The test results were also used to estimate the thermal fracturing characteristics of the samples. Permeability variation with pressure was influenced significantly by rock type, physical condition of test samples, and stress paths followed during testing; it was however, independent of temperature path. Permeability of the granitic samples decreased with increasing temperature between 25°C and 100°C, then increased rapidly to the maximum test temperature. The residual effect of temperature on the granitic samples resulted in increased porosisty and permeability. The threshold temperature of significant thermal crack initiation ranged between 80°C and 125°C for the granite. Thermal cycling, and increased presssure increased and reduced this temperature range, respectively.


title: The political values present in the Presbyterian church in Canada's response to social problems, 1925-1975

abstract: This thesis seeks to discern the political values present in the Presbyterian Church in Canada's response to social problems from 1925 to 1975. The author believes that the Presbyterian Church has tended to accept uncritically the dominant political ideology in Canadian society (i.e., liberalism) and has therefore provided a powerful religious legitimation for liberal values. The Church's responses to social problems (and particularly to socio-economic problems) are analyzed because they embody certain attitudes and assumptions about how society functions, thus revealing political values. Different aspects of the Church's response are taken into consideration: the nature and extent of the Church's interest in social issues at any particular time is examined in light of the Church's theological orientation. Wherever possible, the responses to socio-economic issues themselves are analyzed individually. An ideological typology is developed to illustrate the relationship between particular ideological values and approaches to social problems. The fundamental conflict is shown to be between those approaches which employ an individualistic analysis (i.e..liberal) and those which give consideration to structural factors (i.e., socialist). The Church's response to socio-economic problems is analyzed in light of this individualistic/structural dichotomy and can therefore be associated with a particular political viewpoint. Historically, the Presbyterian Church is shown to have consistently employed an approach to social problems which has conformed with a liberal viewpoint.


title: An Innocent conspiracy : the round table in Canada, 1908-1921

abstract: The first quarter of this century, Round Table groups in Britain and the Dominions worked to produce an objective study of Imperial relations, and discussed the possibility of formulating a scheme of closer union for the Empire. Despite the Round Table's protestations of impartiality, many contemporary critics believed that it was a propagandist organization promoting a specific policy of organic union. Today, there is still a certain mystery about the rationale and ultimate purpose of the Round Table. This thesis is an attempt to clarify the picture by examining the relationship between the British and Canadian Round Table groups, and the motivations of both. The paper will focus on the Round Table in Canada, exploring the hopes and policies of the groups themselves, and the way they were seen by others. In conclusion, it is argued that the accusations of disingenuity were unfounded, that the Canadian Round Table was an innocent conspiracy.


title: Biases in estimation and tests of significance in sequential multiple linear regression analysis

abstract: This study is concerned with the underlying statistical theory required for tests of significance in sequential multiple linear regression analysis and with difficulties that can arise in developing valid tests. The relationship of the general linear subhypothesis theory to the Forward and Backward Selection Procedures is developed. The biases in estimation and the tests of significance are developed for the Forward Selection, Backward Elimination and Stagewise Regression procedures. The All Possible Regressions Procedure is described and a method for reducing the computational effort is outlined. Finally, the Stepwise Regression Procedure is considered and a Monte Carlo study of this procedure for the two variable case is discussed.


title: Implementation of reflection-type impatt microstrip amplifiers and examination of their intermodulation distortion

abstract: In the first portion of this thesis, a procedure is presented for the design of a new stable IMPATT-diode microstrip amplifier with excellent and almost independent control of center frequency and gainbandwidth product. The intermodulation distortion of the microstrip amplifier is then measured on a spectrum analyzer using a phase-locked microwave two-tone generator for the input signal. The test is performed on the microstrip amplifier first without, and then with a diode bias-current compensation technique. An improvement of 15 dB to 25 dB in the third-order intermodulation products is obtained in the band of the amplifier using the bias compensation circuit. This improvement opens the possibility for IMPATT microstrip amplifiers to be used in AM transmission systems whose modulation frequencies lie within the band of the video amplifiers employed in the bias-current compensation loop.


title: Transmission of data and digital speech over land mobile radio

abstract: During the last few years there has been increased interest in the transmission of digital voice over land mobile radio. The problem with digital voice is that quality of the reconstructed voice is directly related to the bit rate and hence bandwidth. The mobile radio is severely bandlimited so that achievable bit rates and voice quality are also limited. Furthermore, the mobile radio channel suffers multipath fading. This thesis describes a spectrum efficient method of transmitting digital voice over a bandlimited radio frequency (R.F.) fading channel. A circuit which simulates multipath fading is described. Using this fading simulator, experiments are set up to determine the error performance of Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and Fast Frequency Shift Keying (FFSK) modems when digital information is transmitted in a fading channel. It is shown that direct R.F. modulation (like FFSK) utilizes the spectrum more efficiently than subcarrier modulation (here represented by DPSK) and hence allows higher transmission rates for a given channel bandwidth. Finally, speech is digitized using the continuously variable slope Delta Modulation (CVSD) codec and transmitted by FFSK. The recovered speech is judged subjectively and found to be quite natural. Thus very good quality speech is obtained at 16kb/s even under fading conditions.


title: Effect of foundation uplift on the seismic response of steel buildings

abstract: The lateral loads imposed on a building structure by a major earthquake may, at times, produce an overturning moment that equals or exceeds the available overturning resistance provided by gravity loads. In such a case, unless the foundation has been adequately anchored to the underlying rock or soil, parts of it may experience a transient uplift causing the building to rock about its foundation. Uplift is expected to reduce the level of seismic response of structures. Such beneficial effect has been observed during past earthquakes in a limited number of cases. The present study is related to the response of steel framed buildings founded on spread footings and subjected to recorded earthquakes. The study is aimed at examining the effect of important system parameters on the uplift response. These parameters include: the slenderness ratio of the building, the magnitude of live load, the vertical component of earthquake motion, type of framing (simple or rigid joints), and the flexibility of the underlying soil. The results of the study show that rigid frame steel buildings with practical levels of live load to dead load ratio are unlikely to uplift even under severe earthquakes. Braced frames, on the other hand, do have a tendency to uplift. The results show that in braced frames, uplift, in general, reduces the base shear and column axial forces. However, the effect on the lateral displacements is not always beneficial. Depending on the characteristics of the building and the earthquake, uplift may either reduce or increase the displacements.


title: Strategic decision making : the influence of multiple criteria on the success of the decision.

abstract: This study examines the strategic decision making processes of thirty-five international Canadian companies. It explores in detail the influence of multiple criteria on decision outcomes. The results of this study demonstrate that, although other factors may influence the decision process and in turn its outcomes, it is the clarity of objectives that shape the decision outcomes. By using criteria as a measurement of achieving a decision's objectives, decision makers can evaluate the success or failure of the decision process. These criteria appear to have a major influence on decision outcomes. Based on the interview results, the study provides a framework which explains the decision making process. It is, in fact, the importance of this framework that reflects the significance of this study. The study also examines other factors, such as complexity arising from multiple criteria in the decision process and information as a requirement for dealing with criteria, both of which may have some influence on the decision outcome. Generally, the findings of this study support the hypotheses concerning the influence of multiple criteria on decision making outcomes. In this way, the study indicates a new direction for further studies, especially for those companies doing business across cultures and in varying circumstances.


title: Revision of Pyraustini larvae (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) of America north of Mexico.

abstract: The last-instar larvae of the tribe Pyraustini of America north of Mexico are revised. Thirty-five species and nineteen genera are included, Munroeodes Amselone species, Saucrobotys Munroe- one species, Epicorsia Htibner- one species, Oenobotys Munroe- one species, Crocidophora Lederer- one species, Ostrinia HtVbner- three species, Fumibotys Munroey one species, Eurrhypara Httbner- one species, Phlyctaenia Htlbner- one species, Nealgedonia Munroe- one species, Mutuuraia Munroe- one species, Anania Hubner- one species, Hahncappsia Munroefive species, Achyra Guenee- two species, Helvibotys Munroa-^-one species, Sitochroa Hubner- one species, Uresiphita Hubner- one species, Loxostege Hubner- five species, Pyrausta Schrank- six species. The last-instar larvae of twelve species are described for the first time, Munroeodesthalesalis (Walker), Epicorsia oedipodalis (Guenee), Oenobotys vinotinctalis (Hampson), Crocidophora pustuliferalis Lederer, Nealgedonia extricalis (Guenee), Uresiphita reversalis (Guenee), Pyrausta dapalis (Grote), P. fodinalis (Lederer), P. sp. near laticlavia (Grote and Robinson), P. orphisalis Walker, P. tyralis (Guenee), P. unifascialis (Packard). The relationships between the adults and the larvae are discussed. Key to the genera for last-instar larvae is given, and the larval characters illustrated.


title: Analysis of high speed exit taxiways.

abstract: If the often-predicted increases in demand for air transportation materializes, there is every indication that the traffic handling capacities of many of today's airports will have to be increased to meet the demand and reduce airfield congestion. One method that has been suggested by airport planners is the design of high speed exit taxiways in airports. However, within the past five years, particular interest has been raised about the performance of these exits. Redesign of the exits or new proposals have been called for. This thesis investigates the level of performance of high speed exit taxiways in two Canadian airports. It examines the various factors that may contribute to deter from the best performance and makes recommendations about necessary changes. Results of data collected show that pilots may be overestimating their speeds on the exits. It was also found that pilot's deceleration on the runway follows a non-uniform profile. This means that pilot behavior is similar to automobile drivers who reduce their speeds near highway exits in order to shoot for the exits at their anticipated speeds. It also appears that existing high speed exits may be about 30 - 60% effective, because observed speeds lie between 30 - 45 mph. A model is developed which will help in evaluating high speed exits in existing airports. The model is also used to develop new design principles for exit transition and circular curves. The new design principles incorporate speed-changing and turning movements into the transition curve. It also makes use of superelevation on the curves.


title: Experimental investigation of the characteristics of self-excited flow oscillations in vaneless radial diffusers

abstract: Self-excited flow oscillations in vaneless radial diffusers have been investigated experimentally to determine the effects of Reynolds number and diffuser geometry on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the phenomena. The ranges of Reynolds number, diffuser width to inlet diameter ratio and diffuser outlet to inlet diameter ratio covered in the present study are 3.5 x 10 - 6.5 x 10 , 0.037-0.074 and 1.55-1.84 respectively. The spatial distribution and frequency of the pressure fluctuations associated with the flow instability were measured by dynamic pressure transducers. In addition, time-averaged static pressure measurements were taken at various locations to characterize the mean flow in the diffuser. It was found that both the steady and the fluctuating pressures are the same on both walls of the diffuser at the same radial and angular positions. In the radial direction, the amplitude and phase of the fluctuating pressure however, varied in the radial direction but only the phase was found to vary in the tangential direction. These variations indicated that the phenomena is nonaxisymmetric with a curved wave front in the radial direction. The results also show that both the diffuser diameter ratio and width to inlet diameter ratio have significant influences on the non-dimensional frequency, fluctuating pressure coefficient of flow instability and static pressure coefficient, while the Reynolds number, in the considered range, has minor influence. For a diameter ratio of 1.55 the non-dimensional frequency and fluctuating pressure coefficient decreased with increasing width to inlet diamter ratio. The trends of the fluctuating pressure coefficient were reversed while the trends of the non-dimensional frequency were the same for a diffuser with diameter ratio of 1.84. The experimental data of the present work were compared with their corresponding theoretical data and were found to be significantly different. Analysis of the experimental data points towards the need to consider three dimensional flow effects in the diffuser in any new attempts to predict the phenomena.


title: A lifting surface theory for the computation of unsteady pressure coefficients on finite wings undergoing harmonic oscill in subsonic, compressible flow

abstract: A panel type mean lifting surface method has been developed for the computation of unsteady pressure distributions on harmonically oscillating wings in compressible, subsonic flow. The velocity potential function has been used as the prime unknown in the formulation. Good agreement is observed between this theory and experiments for finite wings with and without control surfaces in steady and unsteady flow. A novel acceleration potential function based panel method has also been developed which exhibits a simple Kernel function. Limited testing of this method shows good agreement with experiments. This method can perform the desired calculations at approximately four times the speed of the velocity potential formulation. Both methods may be readily extended to include thickness and interference effects.


title: Diabetes today and tomorrow

abstract: Diabetes afflicts more than 10 million people in the United States and Canada. There are a variety of methods of treatment, some are well-established, some are in the experimental stages and some are only imagined. This paper is a journalistic account of the lives of insulin-dependent diabetics and the techniques of treatment, research and control of diabetes. It includes profiles of six diabetics and how the disease affects their daily lives. It gives a summary of the history and early treatment of diabetes and shows what is being taught in diabetes education centers today. Also included are interviews with principal researchers, mainly in Canada, and references to diabetes research work in the United States.


title: Unsteady flow field in vaneless diffusers with and without through flow

abstract: The flow field in the vaneless diffuser fitted to a centrifugal blower with self excited gas oscillations was investigated experimentally. Systematic measurements of steady and fluctuating flow velocity and pressure were undertaken in the diffuser. Nine different diffuser configurations with and without through flow were tested to determine the effect of diffuser geometry on the steady and unsteady flow field. Regions of inward reversed flow on both sides of the diffuser were observed to exist in all different conditions of no through flow measurements, while for the case of small through flow rate a reverse flow was observed on one side near the inlet of the diffuser. The oscillations with and without through flow were found to differ markedly in non dimensional frequency, wave form and amplitude. In both cases however the oscillations filled the entire diffuser space both radially and axially and their characteristics were found to be dependent on diffuser geometry and rotor rotational speed. The onset of the oscillation was found to be associated with a discontinuity in the overall machine performance curves. Both the pressure rise and flow coefficient were observed to be reduced.


title: Performance of COBRA-based client-server architectures.

abstract: The notion of middleware has been introduced to provide interoperability as well as transparent location of servers in heterogeneous client-server environments. Careful consideration of system architecture is required to achieve high performance. Based on implementation and measurements made on the system this research is concerned with the impact of client-server interaction architecture on the performance of a CORBA System. Using a commercially available CORBA compliant ORB software called ORBeline, four different architectures, the Handle Driven ORB, the Forwarding ORB, the Process Planner, and the Adaptive ORB have been designed and implemented for client-server interaction on a network of workstations. High level descriptions provided in the literature were used for building the first three architectures whereas the fourth is a new architecture proposed in this thesis. The measurements show that the difference among the performances of these architectures change with a change in the workload. The research will report on the relative performances of the four architectures under different workload conditions. The results provide insights into system behavior and guidelines for designers as well as users of systems. In particular the impact of inter-node delays, message size, request service times and the system load threshold level on the latency and scalability attributes of these architectures are analyzed. A discussion of how agent cloning can improve system performance is also included.


title: The Resilient modulus of subgrade, base and asphalt layers in flexible pavements

abstract: Empirical procedures widely used in the design of flexible pavements are unsatisfactory. Difficulty is experienced in adjusting these empirical procedures to reflect improvements in construction materials and equipment. In addition, the continuous growth in traffic volumes and loads has constantly forced designers to extrapolate these procedures past the limits of reliability. The use of a multilayered elastic model to represent flexible pavement structures holds the promise of a more rational and fundamental approach to the design problem. The theoretical development in the analysis of this model is now well advanced; however a major obstacle to application of the theory is the serious lack of information which exists concerning the elastic modulus exhibited by the subgrade, base and asphalt layers in flexible pavements. In this thesis, a layered elastic model is employed to determine modulus values for these layers from plate bearing test results. The plate tests were performed on in-service » airport pavements across Canada, representing a wide range of pavement thickness, environments and subgrade soil conditions. The modulus values obtained therefore form a comprehensive set of values from which representative values and typical ranges are determined. Other aspects of these modulus values are also examined, such as the effect of testing plate sif:e on the value measured and the relationship between modulus and other material properties. In addition, the thesis explores the use of representative modulus values in conjunction with a three layer elastic model for the design of pavement thicknesses.


title: On mobile agent technology : fundamentals, security threats and countermeasures

creator: Araujo Moreno, Ildemaro I. (Ildemaro Ibrahim).

abstract: Agent technology offers an interesting computing paradigm: a program is capable of executing —autonomously or in co-operation with other programs— a particular task on behalf of a user. This has offered a new means for the development of complex distributed systems. However, due to its multi-disciplinary nature, most of the approaches in this field are not consistent with each other and are usually difficult to combine. On the other hand, not only the integration of agent platforms developed is a hard task: security is also a crucial issue for the development of agent applications, since without the appropriate methods, the functionality of agent-based systems may be severely affected. This thesis presents a thorough overview on the fundamentals of agent technology, focusing on mobile agent systems, consolidating its main notions and ideas. It also explains the security issues and technical countermeasures associated with mobile agents. Additionally, the most important unsolved issues in both agent technology and security in agent systems are discussed.


title: Effect of the composition and heat of combustion of hydrocarbon fuels on gas turbine cycle performance.

abstract: A procedure was developed for the calculation of gas turbine cycles using as fuels, a general hydrocarbon or Hydrogen. Computer programs were developed, to facilitate calculations, by suitably modifying the existing ones, developed by the National Research Council, Ottawa. Using these programs, the effect of changes in the fuel composition and heat of combustion on the performance of turbojet, turbofan,-turboprop and turboshaft cycles was studied. The performance of different fuels was compared with the standard fuel performance. On the basis of this study, the ranges of H/C ratio and heat of combustion of the fuel, within which the 'standard fuel approach' is reliable, was found. A simple modification of the approach was expected to be reliable within a wider range of fuel properties.


title: Statistical frame acquisition by co-ordinated use of error control redundancy.

abstract: In digital communications systems a number of approaches have been used to achieve reliable framing of the encoded information stream at the receiver; as for instance comma codes, addition of extra synchronization bits,etc. This study deals with the problem of acquiring frame synchronization by means of error control redundancy, when a fixed length binary cyclic code (n,k) is used to transmit encoded information through a relatively clean binary symmetric channel. The technique developed, herein, makes use of the statistical properties of zero syndrome as associated with various slips "s" (where 0\(sx<n), in particular, when coset polynomials are used for optimization. Both, analysis of the technique as well as experimental results obtained by simulation, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of different algorithms, are presented in detail. Finally, the technique proves to be effective even for transition probabilities close to those yielding the channel's capacity.


title: The effects of knowledge, coping styles, and attributions on women's reactions to miscarriage

abstract: This thesis examined 56 women's reactions to miscarriage, including their depression, stress, and anxiety. The moderating role of women's knowledge of miscarriage, the significance of the loss of the baby, coping strategies, and attributional explanations for the event were also assessed. Correlational and regression analyses revealed that women's knowledge before miscarriage, rather than after, accounted for nine percent of the variance in a composite index of their reactions. Also, coping strategies accounted for a large proportion of the variance in women's reactions (54%), whereby women who used cognitive restructuring as a strategy suffered less severe reactions than those who used wishful thinking or social withdrawal. Women's attributions for the miscarriage also affected their reactions in that women who blamed their own character or doctor reacted more severely. Examining the interrelations of these variables revealed that women's knowledge before their miscarriage was related to less use of wishful thinking, while their knowledge after the event was related to less problem avoidance and more expression of emotions. Women's attributions were also related to her choice of coping strategies: Blaming one's character and behaviour were positively related to self-criticism and social withdrawal and negatively related to doctor's support. The implications of these findings for interventions designed to facilitate adjustment to miscarriage and future research are discussed.


title: A, Time, Once, Upon : architecture.Architectural manifestation of hypertexual narrative as a library in Jerusalem

abstract: The aim of this thesis is to integrate the hypertextual narrative idea into the design process and the conception of architectural experience by designing a building as a metaphorical embodiment of hypertextual narrative presence. This paper will thoroughly examine hypertext narrative theories as a scaffold through which to understand, to criticize and to develop new architectural forms. This understanding will then facilitate accomplishing the final objective, which is to design a new library in Jerusalem: an ideal institution for occurrence, development and presentation of hypertextual narratives. The exploration is geared towards the potential of making multiple interpretations through differentiation of the possible paths that could be taken by a reader within a hypertextual architecture. By examining how the architectural-reader can partake in the process of shaping and reshaping architecture's experience, form and content. The theoretical framework is built upon a combination of interrelated Textual disciplines. The study borrows, combines, compares and contrasts perspectives from Narratology, Textual and Hypertext Theory and Media Theories. With this in mind, it questions the preconceptions of text present in several theoretical traditions and the possible differentiations of these ideological perspectives in relation to architecture.


title: Energy harvesting systems

abstract: Imagine a world where every conceivable data about our surroundings is readily available for analysis making human life drastically different from what we know it today. This is not an unrealistic concept and its implementation lies on the creation of a network of ubiquitous sensor nodes powered by an energy harvesting system. This thesis explores the challenges in creating such systems. The system level components in a basic power harvesting system are given, with each components function and issues briefly explained. Energy sources are then visited and the available power from such sources is discussed. The report then explores the topics of power management and storage technology for harvesters. A case study involving the design of a power harvesting system using radiowaves is then presented. The RF harvester built has a sensitivity of -13 dBm, an efficiency of 14% and a simulated operating distance of 10 metres. Built in standard CMOS technology, the system is cost effective and compares favourably with reported RF harvesters in literature.


title: Traffic accident causation and its evaluation

abstract: This research was undertaken to find out the basic causes of accidents from accident records. For this program, the accident records of Carling Avenue of the City of Ottawa were examined as a sample. This examination revealed that the lack of good accident reporting criteria and incomplete information are responsible for not having a clear idea of the basic causes of accidents. A table of information is suggested which must be available for better understanding of accident causes. An accident reporting form is also suggested as the present accident reporting form is not adequate to evaluate and treat accident causation. The theory of a control chart method for finding the accident causative factors in terms of a and b errors is suggested. Finally, suggestions are made with respect to further investigation into the accident causation.


title: Periodic sampling estimator for the M.M.I. queueing model

abstract: The maximum likelihood estimation technique is used to estimate the average service rate for the E/M/1 queueing model. The observation method primarily considered is sampling the number of customers in the system at periodic time intervals. The small sample size properties of the estimator are investigated, and the estimator is shown to he "biased and inefficient. A simplification of the formula for the Cramer-Rao "bound for parameter estimation in.Markov chains is derived, and it is shown that the prohler: is similar to computing the cost function in a Markov chain with the costs associated with state occupancy. The result is used to examine the asymptotic error variance for the periodic sampling estimator. When the period of observation is fixed, and the sampling rate is varied (0 -*»), it is shown that the accuracy of the estimator converges to the accuracy of estimators for which analytical results are available. The rate of convergence of the actual error variance to the Cramer-Rao "bound is briefly examined, and the results suggest that the Cramer bound closely approximates the actual error variance for relatively small sample sizes.


title: Analysis and design of fibre reinforced composite structural elements

abstract: The structural element considered in this study is a laminated plate with a circular hole under uniaxial tension. The promising and recently developed theory of laminated composites is used in establishing equations describing the laminate behavior. A specially orthotropic plate is analysed to study stress and strain concentrations and their distribution on the hole periphery. Failure analysis is then pursued to find the load at laminate failure, and the point on the hole periphery where the failure occurs. Optimization of material design, through lamina orientation, with a view to carrying maximum possible load is carried out. Also progressive lamina failures in a specially orthotropic laminate have been studied. This study has necessitated use of digital computer facilities. Two programs have been developed and are included. The laminate behavior predicted by the theory developed is compared with available experimental results.


title: Modelling of VHF power transistors

abstract: The research reported is concerned with the modelling of VHF power transistors in the context of power amplifier and frequency multiplier application. A large signal model is required, capable of representing the device under switching conditions with the collector entering saturation. Particular interest is in amplifiers and multipliers where the collector is switched into and out of forward injection, spending a brief period in the saturation state. The type of device studied is of multi-emitter structure, with a wide collector epitaxial region. It is believed that extrinsic charge storage in the base region and in the collector dominate the behaviour of the collector junction when operating under forward injection conditions. An intuitive approach to modelling is adopted, in which the device is divided into major regions and each is represented by the simplest lumped model that appears feasible. Experimental work has been concerned with the study of the switching response of the device, attempts at charge control characterization and deduction of the form of the model necessary to represent effects associated with the collector junction.


title: Fabrication and modelling of V.M.O.S. devices.

abstract: V-channel VMOS devices have been investigated from the point of view of fabrication process and their modelling. A fabrication process for p-channel VMOS devices having a wide range of channel lengths has been developed. Two new VMOS structures, namely a 'flat bottom VMOS' device and a depletion type p-channel VMOS device, have been introduced for the first time. The existing models of a planar MOS transistor and the VMOS transistor are briefly reviewed. The VMOS transistor model proposed by Holmes and Salama was checked for validity against the observed characteristics of p-channel devices fabricated in the laboratory and shown not to correlate with the observed device behaviour. A new VMOS device model based on the assumption of non-constant oxide charge density in the V-groove, as a consequence of the geometric structure, has been developed using conformal mapping techniques. This model shows a close correlation between calculated and measured device characteristics in the triode and saturation regions for p-channel MOS devices. A model for the n-channel VMOS transistor has also been proposed.


title: On the elicitation of status epilepticus from previously kindled forebrain foci

abstract: While considerable research has concentrated on the neuroanatomical substrates of acute seizure activity, there is a relative lack of research concerned with the substratum of status epilepticus or sustained epileptiform activity. In the present study, a kindling based model of status epilepticus was used to investigate the responsiveness of the ventral hippocampus, dorsal hippocampus, caudate nucleus or olfactory bulbs to continuous high or low-intensity electrical stimulation. The results indicated structural differences in the type and severity of status epilepticus manifested. Specifically, the dorsal hippocampus was impervious to status epilepticus whilst the ventral hippocampus was capable of supporting convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus, the olfactory bulb nonconvulsive status epilepticus and the caudate a stimulus bound form of continuous seizure. In general, a higher intensity of stimulation (i.e. higher current level) did not increase the probability of developing convulsive status epilepticus but was capable of eliciting nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the ventral hippocampus and olfactory bulbs. In the ventral hippocampus low-intensity stimulation was more efficacious in producing convulsive status epilepticus. Possible mechanisms and implications of these findings were discussed.


title: Algorithmic synthesis of multi-valued functions.

abstract: A review of classical array operators for the synthesis of combinatorial logic is presented. A new class of operators, which are implementable by explicit programming, are introduced. The new operators are related to the classical operators and comparisons are made. Further extensions to these operators to form cube array manipulators are discussed. Criteria are established for algorithms which can be implemented more efficiently. These algorithms progress from direct substitution for the classical operators to algorithms conceived in the new domain. Experimental results verify that the algorithms using the new operators are indeed more efficient and conform more closely to the established criteria. Possible extensions for the software, to form more complete, user orientated packages are discussed.


title: Transpiration cooling of a cylinder in crossflow : an experimental investigation

abstract: Experiments have been carried out in air on a two-inch diameter porous cylinder to determine the effect of air injection on heat transfer from a cylinder in crossflow. The Reynolds number based on cylinder diameter and free stream conditions was varied from 31,200 to 119,000 for the dimensionless injection parameter, f , = (p V /Poo Uoo )//Re(q > range of approximately 0.5 to 2.5; the flow being incompressible (U = 121 Ft/Sec). The to ^ °°,max heat transfer results at the forward stagnation point are in good agreement with the two-dimensional stagnation flow theory. Local heat transfer parameter Nu,f/ /^Re,r is presented as a function of angular location. The results agree well with the data of other investigators. A slight effect of Reynolds number on the heat transfer parameter is observed.


title: Development of measurement validation and health monitoring computer package for gas turbine power plants.

abstract: One of the approaches used for improving the cost effectiveness of gas turbine power plants is Engine Health "Monitoring (EHM). The underlying principle in all such schemes is to compare the current set of engine health indicators with their corresponding known reference values to estimate deviations in engine performance. Deviations between the two sets are investigated by the scheme to locate the most probable source or sources of these observed changes. When the deviations exceed preestablished acceptable limits warning messages are sent out for the operator to take corrective action. These observed deviations in the engine health indicators, however, need not be only due to changes in engine performance but can also be due to instrumentation problems. Therefore for an engine health monitoring scheme to monitor the health of the engine and not of the instrumentation it is essential that instrumentation problems be seperated from engine troubles. A package has been developed which on the basis of thermodynamic gas path analysis validates the daily measurements for consistency. Based on this validated set of measurements the package also evaluates the current health indicators for the plant. To validate this package a hybrid computer model for a single spool gas turbine plant was assembled. This model had capabilities for severally or collectively varying the performance of the plant components to simulate the different engine health states. The data obtained from the model was used to supplement the data obtained from field tests.


title: Joint failures in concrete pavements of Ontario.

abstract: This thesis presents the conclusions and recommendations of an intensive seven month investigation into joint failures in the concrete pavements of Ontario. It was discovered that a large proportion of the failures resulted from longitudional compressive stresses within the pavement caused by restrained thermal expansion. The stresses can cause spalls, blow-ups and damage to bridges. The recommended repair of these failures is the installation of relief gaps in the pavement to allow for this thermal expansion. The major factors causing the stress conditions are; infiltration of the joints and random transverse cracks and the existence of moisture surrounding the concrete pavement.


title: 'Normalization' in Czechoslovakia, 1969-89 : impact on a besieged society

abstract: This thesis focuses on the interaction between the communist regime and population in Czechoslovakia during the period of normalization. During this period the leadership of Gustav Husak decided to 'normalize' i.e. to reverse the political reform process initiated during the Prague Spring of 1968. The theoretical concepts of legitimacy and political culture help to analyze the interaction between the regime and population; the 'social contract' which was imposed by the communist leadership is perceived as a crucial transmission belt expressing the arrangements between the leadership and population in Czechoslovakia. The political perceptions of the Czechs and Slovaks are portrayed as closely linked and yet distinctive. As a result, these dissimilar political cultures had necessitated different responses to and perceptions of the events following the Prague Spring. It is concluded that two decades of normalization have had a detrimental impact on the subjective perceptions of the population. The social and political stratification during normalization is seen as not entirely alien to political culture of the Czechs and Slovaks. Rather, it may be regarded as combination of different inputs, foreign and indigenous, and may be seen to have been shaped by historical tendencies present in the course of the history of the two nations.


title: Maximum likelihood identification of nonlinear systems.

abstract: Maximum likelihood technique 1s used to estimate the parameters of single input single output nonlinear systems. Two algorithms are described and applied . One is for the identification of Hammerstein nonlinear models, which is useful if no priori knowledge about the mathematical form of the nonlinearity is available. The other algorithm is for the identification of systems which have known forms for the nonlinearities. It is derived for continuous nonlinear systems, and applied for simulated data generated from linear and nonlinear second order continuous models. It is also used to fit linear, and nonlinear second order continuous models to practical data taken from a test on the glucose homeostatic control system of dogs. The emphasis is on obtaining simplified algorithm for continuous nonlinear systems in order to save computing time, and get satisfactory results.


title: Economic assessment of different modes of operation for a combined-purpose CANDU nuclear plant based on availability analysis

abstract: This study analyzes from an availability point of view the economics of the different operating modes of a nuclear plant supplying a district heating system. Unit thermal cost is calculated at different extraction temperatures for each mode. A comparison of these costs showed that the most economic extraction for district heating should be done at the lowest possible temperature, and it is most beneficial to operate the nuclear plant on a monthly averaged load following scheme and rely on the inherent storage of the system to cover peaks. Three different storage systems have economically been analyzed and they are incorporated in the study for long term storage only. Although long term storage is beneficial from energy utilization point .of view, its high capital cost and the relatively low cost of nuclear energy placed it as the most expensive mode of operation. Water as a supplying medium for the district heating- system is heated in one stage for the different modes of operation. Two stage heating is only considered for one operating mode since similar conclusions can be drawn for two stage as those obtained from one stage heating.


title: Distance Estimation for 3D Freehand Ultrasound-Scans with Visualization System

abstract: Some primary concerns with freehand 3D ultrasound are time-consuming calibration operations, overall accuracy, and computation time during the 3D reconstruction process. A procedure was developed to reduce the calibration time to only 10 seconds by planning the path of the probe. A decrease in marginal error may improve the overall accuracy by searching axial and lateral distances with a maximum correlation coefficient, and was based on constructing an adaptive decorrelation curve from images containing Rayleigh and coherent scatters. Marginal errors were reduced in the range of 3% to 11% when the distance estimation was between 0.15mm and 0.375mm in in-vitro studies. To save computation time within the 3D reconstruction, a low-resolution 3D reconstruction algorithm is proposed so that verification can be completed prior to computing a high-resolution reconstruction.


title: Canada's Role in Promoting Mining and Development Policy Reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa

abstract:
Accessing sufficient capital on terms conducive to development is a major challenge in achieving Sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) mining potential. The effects of neoliberal policy reforms promoted by the IMF and World Bank and other Western actors has ensured that mining and development policies are dominated by foreign direct investment (FDI)-led approaches. The disappointing development benefits generated in SSA by the 2000s commodity boom has led to a re-evaluation of these FDI-led development models and to SSA calls for country-led development strategies wherein states play an increased role.
Canada has become a major source of mining capital and policy advice for SSA. This dissertation examines Canada’s interventions in SSA mining and development policy reforms, specifically related to the promotion of bilateral investment treaties (BITs), global mining policy diffusion networks and best practices. The core question is whether Canada’s interventions support the development of the policy options needed in SSA to ensure that mining contributes to sustainable social and economic development.
Chapter 1 provides an orientation to mining and development issues in SSA, examining the continued influence of the FDI-led model that was central to the World Bank’s 1990s mining policy reforms that focused on generating revenue and rejected state-led socio-economic development mining policies. Chapter 2 examines Canada’s recent conclusion of nine BITs with SSA countries. The chapter analyzes the potential development impacts of Canada’s BITs, finding that they are particularly economically liberalizing and that they undermine the ability of SSA states to generate socio-economic benefits. Chapter 3 examines the role played by Canadian funded institutions and networks in the diffusion of the FDI-led mining and development model. The chapter contends that Canada is playing a central role in reducing the parameters of what are considered viable policy options for SSA states.
Overall, this dissertation argues that Canada’s interventions have promoted policy reforms that focus on increasing and protecting opportunities for Canadian registered mining companies and that these policies undermine the ability of host countries to ensure that FDI contributes to economically sustainable development, thereby undermining the emergence of developmental states and regional initiatives such as the Africa Mining Vision.


title: Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Nonperturbative Nonlinear Laser-Gas Interation

abstract:
In this thesis we study, analyze, extend and implement the nonperturbative nonlinear Maxwell-Schrodinger-Plasma (MASP) model, originally derived by Lorin et al. The model was developed to describe the high order optical nonlinearities and the low density free electron plasma generated due to laser field.
The MASP model has important advantages, it is based on the original, i.e. nonasymptotic, physical equations, and uses self-consistent description of the micro (quantum)- and macro (field)- variables. However, its major drawback is a high computational cost, which in practice means that only the shortest propagation lengths can be calculated. In order to reduce this cost, several extensions to this model were proposed and tested. One of these is discussed in the thesis: it is the MASP model enriched by a polarization evolution equation from its simplest version in a form of transport equation to more complex nonlinear variants. We show that homogeneous transport equation is a more universal tool to simulate the high harmonics spectra at shorter times and/or at a lower computational cost, while the nonlinear equation could be useful for modeling the pulse profiles when the ionization level is moderate. The gain associated with the considered modifications of the MASP model, being expressed in reduction of computational time and the number of processors involved, is 2-3 orders of magnitude.


title: Self-Stabilizing Switched Beam Offset Reflector (3SBOR) Antenna: 10GHz Prototype Antenna Solution for Mobile Radar and Communication Applications

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to design a solution to the problem of random and fast movement of a ground platform which normally prevents the use of a high gain, pencil beam antenna.
Through the use of accelerometers and position filtering, the antenna constantly switches its beam in order to maximise directivity in the intended direction. As a proof of concept, a 10 GHz, single dimension dish was built and tested in laboratory. The results confirmed that the concept is viable and would open the door to not only truly mobile radar, but could potentially greatly improve mobile satellite communications.


title: Toward a New (Eco)Feminist Future: Mainstreaming Nonhuman Animals in Feminist Studies

abstract: This thesis proposes a new direction for foundational feminist pedagogy, with the express purpose of mainstreaming a consideration of nonhuman animals in feminist studies curricula. Ecofeminists have effectively situated speciesism – the systematic discrimination against nonhuman animals based on a belief in human superiority over all else – as a structural oppression, one that intersects with other forms of oppression such as racism and sexism. However, this is not reflected in the introductory course which is a crucial pedagogical site. This thesis presents a vision for a new feminist future with the hope that it will expand the scope of feminist pedagogy and broaden our understanding of oppression, and lead to holistic strategies for change.


title: Search for a Fermionic Top Partner in Unexplored Decay Modes

abstract: We investigate the existence of a new fermionic partner to the top quark in light of the current experimental searches conducted at the colliders. The model presented here is phenomenologically attractive because it is less constrained than the traditional decay modes of the top partner. It also has the potential to cancel the quadratic divergences in the Higgs mass. In addition to the new fermion, the model contains another scalar particle that mediates interactions with the Standard Model light quarks. From experimental searches, we find that current LHC searches exclude the top partner mass (new fermion) of about 350 GeV (and some other points in the mTmη-plane) for its decay to light quarks. On the other hand, when the top partner decays to a top and two light quarks, the lower limit obtained on the top partner mass can be as large as 650 GeV.


title: Parametric Modeling of EM Behaviors of Microwave Components Using Combined Neural Networks and Pole-Residue Transfer Functions

abstract:
Parametric modeling of electromagnetic (EM) behaviors has become important for EM design optimizations of microwave components. The EM based design, such as design optimization, what if analysis and yield-driven design, can be time consuming because it usually requires repetitive EM simulations with varying values of geometrical parameters as design variables. Parametric models can be developed from the information of EM responses as functions of geometrical parameters. The developed parametric models allow faster simulations and optimizations with varying values of geometrical parameters and subsequently can be implemented in high-level circuit and system design optimizations.
This thesis proposes a novel technique to develop combined neural network and pole-residue-based transfer function models for parametric modeling of EM behaviors of microwave components. In this technique, neural networks are trained to learn the relationships between pole/residues of the transfer functions and geometrical parameters. After the proposed modeling process, the trained model can be used to provide accurate and fast predictions of the EM behavior of microwave components with geometrical parameters as variables.
An advanced pole-residue tracking technique is proposed to exploit sensitivity information to solve the challenges of pole-residue tracking especially when the amount of training data are reduced and/or the geometrical step sizes between the data samples are enlarged. The proposed technique takes advantages of sensitivity information to increase of the orders of the transfer functions and ultimately form transfer functions of a constant order over the entire region of geometrical parameters. The proposed technique addresses the challenges of pole-residue tracking when training data are limited.
As a further advancement, we introduce EM sensitivity analysis into the pole-residue-based neuro-transfer function modeling technique. The purpose is to increase the model accuracy by utilizing EM sensitivity information and to speedup the model development process by reducing the number of training data required for developing the model. By exploiting the sensitivity information, the proposed technique can further speed up the model development process over the existing pole-residue parametric modeling method without using sensitivity analysis. The proposed parametric modeling techniques in this thesis are demonstrated by several microwave examples.


title: Blackboard/Whiteboard: The Discursive Construction of the International Baccalaureate in Canada

abstract:
The International Baccalaureate (IB) is a series of educational programs for students aged 3 to 19 offered in schools around the world. Originally created for a transient population in need of a portable and recognized curriculum, it has evolved to become an alternative to local curricula in countries such as Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. This manuscript dissertation includes four articles that examine perceptions of the IB in Canada and the implications these perceptions might have for the wider society (e.g., publicly funded education or real estate). The study was conducted in two parts: (i) online survey and semi-structured interviews to gain insight into how admissions personnel at Canadian universities view the IB in relation to other curricula; and (ii) corpus linguistics combined with aspects of critical discourse analysis to examine a 1.5 million word corpus of Canadian newspapers on how the IB is represented in the public domain. Results from both domains showed consistently positive views, suggesting that there exists a dominant (hegemonic) discourse surrounding the IB.
Results also suggested that the positive view of the IB tends to create a negative view of things non-IB (programs, students, schools). Since one is constructed as “better”, there is an implied comparison that seems to go unnoticed. Using corpus-based critical discourse analysis, patterns of language use were analyzed to make visible values and assumptions that discursively construct the IB as superior. The linguistic patterns and strategies identified appear to bear a striking resemblance to discourses of discrimination and difference, such as (1) collectivization of people into a homogeneous group, (2) attribution of particular qualities or characteristics to the group as a whole, and (3) perpetuation of the stereotype through repetition, and eventually “common sense knowledge” which is taken for granted and more assumed than stated explicitly. In the context of Canada’s publicly funded education system, where the IB has grown increasingly popular, this positive view is problematic as it privileges a select few while disadvantaging the rest (e.g., by preferred admission into universities), thereby creating a context of insiders and outsiders.


title: The Issue of Trust in Computer Mediated Introductions (CMI)

abstract: The problem of trust is one of the more prominent security issues in online communications. In this thesis, we propose a new security threat model, computer mediated introductions (CMI), where individuals are introduced online for the purpose of interacting offline. This is a problem that has not been specifically studied in the literature, even though aspects of it have been covered elsewhere. We therefore critically analyze the issue of trust and reputation in CMIs with the aim of improving trust on these platforms. In one of the most popular forms of CMI today, online dating, our findings show that existing standard mechanisms are not sufficient to establish meaningful trust on the platform. While we propose some potential alternative mechanisms for establishing trust in CMIs, the key contribution of this work is to identify the security challenges that arise in computer mediated introductions as a previously unrecognized class of security problems.


title: Novel Methodology for Safety and Economic Evaluation of Red-light Cameras at Signalized Intersections

abstract:
Red-light running is a phenomenon that has led to frequent collisions causing fatalities, injuries, and property damage. Red-light cameras (RLCs) have been used in an attempt to reduce the frequency of these collisions. The main objectives achieved in this thesis are: (1) The site-selection bias of traditional methodologies were corrected by using a novel methodology (propensity score matching); (2) The fixed and random-effect panel regressions were utilized to account for the spatial and temporal correlations in the data; (3) The identification of how RLC effectiveness varies by site characteristics through the use of interaction terms; (4) The determination of spillover distances and times resulting from the presence of RLCs; (5) The benefit-cost methodology supported by economic analysis and sensitivity analysis using the novel methodology; and (6) The establishment of guidelines for effective implementation of the RLC treatment.
The research used field data from the City of Ottawa (Canada) involving 34 RLC intersections and 14 control intersections observed for the period 1999-2012. The results from this thesis indicate a consistent significant reduction in angle and turning movement collisions of 19% and 21%, respectively, and an increase in rear-end and sideswipe collisions of 12% and 6.7%, respectively. The magnitude and the direction of these effects are comparable to results of previous studies in the literature. The benefit-cost analysis, based on social costs of collisions avoided, the spillover effects and fine revenue, yielded an overall annual cost savings to the community of over $4.4 million CAD across the 34 RLC intersections; with a benefit-cost ratio of 4.50. An extended cost sensitivity analysis was incorporated to quantify the robustness of the base-case conclusions.
RLC implementation decisions represent a major policy action, with serious repercussions for public safety. This thesis enhances such decisions by establishing effective implementation guidelines using rigorous, novel statistical analysis methods aiming to assist in this key policy effort. Furthermore, this thesis contributes to quantifying the RLC spillover effects as well as identifying critical road factors that the RLC treatment is likely to affect and benefit from. These contributions are all critical components of the traffic safety management process.


title: Role of Green Marketing in the Adoption of Intelligent Food Containers

abstract: The growing human population is causing food security concerns in many countries. As food security is the access by all people to enough food, the world must reduce food waste. This study investigates the factors leading to consumer adoption of intelligent food containers (IFC) – an emerging technology that can store food, monitor food quality and minimize food waste. In particular, the study focuses on the role of companies’ green marketing in affecting consumers’ willingness to adopt IFC. So doing, the study develops and tests a model and related hypotheses by using the partial least squares structural equation approach. The model was constructed based on the integration of Technology Adoption Model (TAM) with green marketing. An online survey was used to collect data from 153 households in Canada. The results suggest that improved TAM with the addition of green marketing mix is useful in explaining consumers’ purchase intention toward IFC.


title: From animal movements to knowledge movement: knowledge mobilization associated with rapid developments in electronic tagging technology and its application

abstract: The conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of natural resources should be built on evidence-based decision-making principles and policies. The application of scientific evidence, however, is imperfect, especially in the realm of fisheries management. I propose a knowledge-action framework to understand the gap between knowledge production and utilization. The framework provides a sociological perspective to understanding the movement of knowledge into conservation and resource management actions, and is grounded in theories of knowledge mobilization and exchange. The framework provides a roadmap for scholars to organize and synthesize research related to the knowledge-action gap in conservation and natural resource management. This thesis evaluates what roles do components of the knowledge-action framework, for example, environmental and contextual factors, characteristics of knowledge actors, the relational dimension, and the characteristics of the focal knowledge have in influencing the uptake of knowledge. I addressed this research question by using a sociological approach and applying a mixed-method strategy to evaluate case studies and model systems using both qualitative and quantitative analyses. First, I evaluated a case study with complex environmental and contextual factors, the Fraser River Pacific salmon fisheries in British Columbia. Second, I evaluated the barriers to the application and use of a relatively new technological tool in fisheries management – telemetry technology – from both a qualitative and quantitative approach. In the Fraser River case study, the greatest perceived barriers to using new knowledge were institutional barriers and constraints. The quantitative study revealed that researchers who are committed, collaborative and engaged in outreach and dissemination activities achieved greater knowledge uptake such as formal integration or social acceptance of their work. The qualitative study that evaluated perceived barriers to using fish telemetry revealed that researchers perceived the limitations and challenges of telemetry itself (characteristics of the focal knowledge) as a barrier to integration. Together, the components of my dissertation applied and evaluated the proposed knowledge-action framework to evaluate how scientific knowledge moves in the context of fisheries management. This is important to inform an era of evidence-based decision making and I believe has implications for the broader community of conservation and natural resource management.


title: Edge-Preserving Texture Transfer Using the Laplacian Pyramid

abstract: Texture plays an important role in our perception of photographic images. It can be used to differentiate objects, draw the eye to salient regions, and convey information about a subject. However, post processing photographs in image editing software can be time consuming, often requiring advanced skills to achieve convincing effects. We introduce a multi-scale method, based on the Laplacian pyramid, to introduce auxiliary textures into photographic images. The final result retains the structural characteristics from the input, including edges, colour, and high-contrast existing texture, while enhancing the image with fine-scale details. In addition, we extend patch-based texture synthesis to include a guidance channel so that texture structures are aligned with an orientation field, obtained through the image structure tensor. Both the original structure tensor calculation and its subsequent smoothing are aided with geodesic knowledge so that our orientation fields are both edge preserving and smooth.


title: NotesKB: Web-Based Semantic Annotation Tool for Online Multimedia Learning Content

abstract: Due to the rapid growth of e-Learning contents, especially videos, published online, the usability of tools that help students keep track of such contents along with their thought traces is an issue. We addressed the problem by designing and building a web-based semantic annotation tool called NotesKB. Through technical and theoretical lenses, we aim to discover and improve upon the usability of such tools. The usability of NotesKB is evaluated and compared with two other predominant note-taking methods, namely Pen and Paper (PnP) and Microsoft OneNote. According to the SUS test scores, PnP is the most usable while NotesKB was the most preferred when students were interviewed. We have reaffirmed that cognitive load is key to design e-Learning systems and that note-taking tools with semantic capabilities need to help users learn how to use the greater power available.


title: HetHetNets: Heterogeneous Wireless Cellular Networks with Heterogeneous Traffic

abstract:
One of the main expected characteristics of the envisioned 5G wireless cellular networks is heterogeneity. Heterogeneity is expected in both supply and demand. In the supply side, the network access part will be comprised of heterogeneous base stations (BSs) with different transmit powers, antenna heights, and radio technologies including macro-BSs, pico-BSs, femto-BSs, and wi-fi access points (HetNets). The spatial distribution of BSs is also heterogeneous (non-uniform) since the deployment of BSs is not carefully planned anymore and follows the customer requirements. In the demand side, the distribution of user equipments (UEs) is heterogeneous in the time domain as well as in the space domain due to the emergence of various applications with different rate requirements such as machine type communications (MTC) and also the heterogeneity of population density specially in municipal areas.
Nevertheless, an enormous majority of the existing literature on traffic modeling in wireless cellular networks consider only homogeneous (uniform) traffic scenarios. In particular, two independent Poisson point processes (PPPs) are excessively used to model the spatial distribution of UEs and BSs. PPP might be a fitting process for BSs but it is not an accurate model for the UE distributions. The assumption of independence between BSs and UEs is also not realistic since BSs (specially small-cell BSs) are usually deployed in UE hotspots.
In this thesis, we propose an accurate, realistic, simple, and adjustable modeling for the future heterogeneous wireless cellular networks with heterogeneous traffic distributions (HetHetNets). First, we propose a traffic modeling process describing a systematic approach to traffic modeling. According to the proposed process, we introduce a traffic modeling in which the heterogeneity of the UE distribution as well as the correlation between UEs and BSs are adjustable. Then, we show the impact of the traffic heterogeneity and the UE-BS correlation on the performance of HetHetNets. Finally, we present algorithms and applications in wireless networks which can exploit this realistic traffic modeling to enhance the network performance.


title: Driving Change, 140 Characters @ a Time: A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Analysis of the Twitter Debates on the Saudi Ban on Women Driving

abstract:
This dissertation seeks to examine the ways in which Twitter users debate Saudi Arabia’s ban on women driving, with a broader objective of explicating how gender roles and relations are negotiated in that discursive space. In Saudi Arabia, a social media site such as Twitter offers Saudi women an alternative public space when there is no comparable open-media space in which they can communicate and raise their concerns, including their right to drive. To capture part of the ongoing discussion about women driving, a corpus of Arabic tweets that discuss the ban was compiled during October, November and December 2015. Informed by a corpus-assisted discourse studies approach, which combines the discourse-historical approach (Reisigl & Wodak, 2001) and corpus linguistics (Baker, 2006; 2010), I analyze the views and arguments expressed by Twitter users in debating the Saudi ban on women driving.
The findings reveal that while some tweeters express their support for the ban, noting the social and moral threats posed by allowing women to drive and the symbolic function of women’s roles as markers of commitment to the nation’s traditional and religious identity, the majority of tweets reflect great frustration and a desire for change in women’s situation. These tweets publicize the victimization of women and their disenfranchisement as a consequence of maintaining the ban. The tweets also display a degree of awareness about women’s rights and resistance toward the contradictions that women face by being caught up in the tension between modernizing the country’s policies and different aspects of public life and preserving traditional norms and patriarchal values. It is believed that this study contributes to the growing literature on studying gender in the multi-voiced, loosely structured discursive spaces of social media as sites for discourse construction and dissemination. The study also fills a void in previous literature that failed to theorize the online debates on women driving in relation to gender and critical research, and in situating these efforts within a broader frame of women’s struggle against patriarchy and the social tensions and dynamics of power in Saudi society.


title: The Role of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR) Signaling in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus (DMH) and Ventral Premammilary Nucleus (PMV) In Energy Homeostasis in Mice

abstract: Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide hormone that acts on its receptor the GHSR1a within hypothalamic nuclei, including the DMH and PMV, but the role of GHSR1a signaling in these regions is unknown. To investigate this, in study 1, we attached a minipump filled with saline, ghrelin, or a GHSR1a antagonist to a cannula aimed at the DMH and assessed their metabolic profile. In study 2, we employed similar drug treatments as study 1, but aimed the cannula at the PMV. Chronic intra-DMH ghrelin increases body weight in the form of adipose tissue, without affecting caloric intake. This is accompanied by attenuated energy expenditure, and not locomotor activity. Infusions of ghrelin in the PMV and the DMH slows glucose clearance. Intra-PMV ghrelin promotes carbohydrate oxidation, without affecting food intake or body weight, suggesting that GHSR signaling has distinct roles in the DMH and PMV in energy homeostasis.


title: Risk and Certification to Agricultural Standards

abstract:
This thesis is comprised of four essays on the economics of certification to agricultural standards in developing countries. It generates new evidence on the relationship between risk and certification.
The first essay builds a theoretical framework to understand the relationship between risk aversion and certification to agricultural standards. In the presence of uncertainty over the proportion of their produce that will be rejected by consumers, results indicate that a relatively risk-averse population of farmers will tend to adopt a high-quality standard in greater numbers. However, analysis suggests that the relationship is sensitive to the relative profitability of adoption, the degree of consumer differentiation between certified and non-certified produce, and the difference in their rejection rates.
The second part of the thesis empirically examines the role of individual risk attitudes in the decision to get certified to an agricultural standard. It investigates the relationship between measured risk aversion and certification status using primary survey and experiment data gathered through field research with Nepali small-scale tea farmers. Results indicate that farmers who are more risk averse have a higher propensity to get certified. These findings provide concrete evidence against previous assumptions that only risk lovers get certified. Instead, they suggest that certification schemes may provide a benefit not yet considered in the literature: that of providing risk-reduction opportunities to risk averse farmers in developing countries.
In the last chapter, the role of certification in sparking processes of institutional change is taken up in a global value chain (GVC) framework. The theoretical insights of institutional economics are combined with the GVC framework to analyze case study data from Nepali small-scale tea farmers. The typology of institutional change in value chains that emerges from this research suggests that agency, organizations, and informal norms affect whether certification yields benefits in a particular place. The research findings illuminate the institutional conditions under which certification can improve welfare in developing countries.


title: Getting Better with Age: Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the relations Among Social Identity, Resilience, and Mental Health Among Retirement Community Residents

abstract: Given the dynamic nature of mental health throughout the lifespan, this study examined associations among several psychosocial factors, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuropeptide y (NPY), and oxytocin receptor (OXTR), and mental health among older (N=88) and younger adults (N=369). Older age was related to lower stress and depression, greater social identity and resilience, and various coping styles. Moreover, OXTR moderated the direct relationship between age and depression, as well as the mediating roles of identity and coping in that relation. OXTR also moderated the mediating role of coping in the relation between social identity and depression. However, age also moderated this relation both directly, and indirectly through the mediating role of resilience. These results suggest that identity, resilience, coping and OXTR may be protective to mental health, but that these factors may impact the mental health of older and younger adults differently.