title: Nanocomposite Coatings for Biomedical Applications

contributor:
Zhitomirsky, Igor
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
New electrochemical deposition methods have been developed for the fabrication of advanced composite coatings for biomedical applications. The methods are based on electrodeposition of biopolymers, such as cathodic electrodeposition of chitosan, anodic electrodeposition of alginic acid and hyaluronic acid. Another approach is based on anodic electropolymerization of polypyrrole. Electrochemical strategies have been discovered for the electrochemical co-deposition of polymers with other functional biomaterials, such as proteins, drugs, bioactive ceramics and bioglass. Bovine serum albumin was used as a model protein for the development of new electrochemical strategies for the fabrication of composite coatings containing proteins. New strategies have been further utilized for the fabrication of novel composites containing hemoglobin. It was found that biopolymers can be used for efficient electrosteric dispersion of bioceramics and bioglass in suspensions. Co-deposition of biopolymers with bioceramics and bioglass from the suspensions resulted in the fabrication of composite organic-inorganic bone substitute materials.
 Electrochemical methods have been developed for the deposition of composite coatings containing functional biomaterials in the matrix of conductive polypyrrole. New additives have been developed for the deposition of polypyrrole on low cost stainless steel substrates. The additives enabled the passivation of the stainless steel substrates and charge transfer during anodic electropolymerization. The composite coatings were obtained as monolayers, multilayers or materials of graded composition.
 The composition and microstructure of the composite coatings were investigated. The composition of these nanocomposite coatings can be varied by variation in bath composition for electrodeposition. The deposition yield was studied at various deposition conditions. Electrochemical deposition mechanisms have been investigated and discussed. Obtained results pave the way for the fabrication of novel coatings for the surface modification of biomedical implants and for application in advanced biosensors.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Environment-Responsive Paper-supported Membrane for Chromatographic Bio-separations: Preparation, Characterization and Application

contributor:
Ghosh, R.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract: Environment-responsive paper-supported composite membranes, consisting of interpenetrating network of poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) and cellulose fibres, suitable for hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography of proteins were prepared. These membranes could be made to switch between hydrophobic and hydrophilic states in a reversible manner by addition or removal of anti-chaotropic salts. A series of systematic studies were conducted to examine the effects of polymer loading and salt concentration on hydraulic and antibody binding properties of these membranes. A membrane possessing a satisfactory balance of hydraulic permeability and antibody binding was further examined for use in an immunoglobulin G (IgG) purification process. The membrane demonstrated low fouling tendency, satisfactory IgG binding (c.a. 12 mg/ml bed volume), and was successfully used for IgG purification from simulated cell culture supernatant. The results obtained demonstrate that the poly(N-vinyl caprolactam)-paper composite and indeed similar material could be used as inexpensive membranes adsorbers for protein purification.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: A Primal-Dual Heuristic for the Traveling Salesman Problem

contributor:
Karakostas, George
Computing and Software

subject:
Computing and Software
Computer Engineering
Computer Engineering

abstract:
In this thesis we provide a Linear Programming (LP) formulation and a heuristic for the symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) on certain complete graphs having the triangle inequality.

TSP models cities and their pairwise connections as vertices and edges between them in a graph. The distances are represented by cost values on edges, and the goal is to find a minimum weight tour that visits every vertex exactly once. In symmetric cases all connections are undirected - both directions have the same cost. This problem is NP-Complete, so there is no polynomial time exact algorithm known for it.

We present three major points in this thesis. Inspired by an LP formulation of perfect matching, we develop a relaxation for TSP, and prove that our relaxation is equivalent to the path form of the well-known Held-Karp formulation. Then, based on this relaxation we construct a heuristic, hoping it can approach a constant factor 4/3 of the optimal objective value given by the LP relaxation. At last, we adopt the matroid idea. It's already known that TSP can be modeled as minimum weight intersection of three matroids, but solving that is also NP-Complete. Vle present in this thesis the attempt to approach it using only two matroids, and analyze the difficulty.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The influence of position and velocity dependent loads on bimanual coordination

contributor:
Balasubramaniam, Ramesh
Kinesiology

subject: Kinesiology Kinesiology

abstract: Twelve participants performed a bimanual coordination task with the hands in different force field environments. Both in-phase and anti-phase coordination modes were examined. Mean relative phase absolute error measurements represented how accurate the phase relationship was, and the standard deviation of relative phase indicated how stable the coordination mode was. When the fingers were being moved in the same force environments, coordination was more accurate and stable, compared to when the hands were placed in mismatched force environments. Having one hand in a velocity dependent force-field produced less accurate coordination than when one hand was in a position dependent force-field. When coordinated movements were performed with at least one hand in viscous force-field environment, reduced coordination stability was observed, especially during anti-phase movements. There are several spatial, biomechanical and neuromuscular constraints that could have influenced coordination performance. The proposed mechanisms that affected coordination included the differences in neural compensation for different types of force-fields. As shown in previous studies, elastic loads generated later onset of EMG activity whereas viscous loads generated a higher rate of force production. The inability of the extensors muscles to overcome the load resistance in the viscous force-field affected coordination. These results support a two-tiered extension of the HKB model of bimanual coordination.

abstract: Master of Science in Kinesiology


title: NEUTRON STUDIES OF UNDERDOPED SINGLE CRYSTAL La2-xBaxCuO4

contributor:
B, Gaulin
Physics and Astronomy

subject:
Astrophysics and Astronomy
Physics
Astrophysics and Astronomy

abstract: A series of elastic x-ray and inelastic neutron experiments have been conducted on La2-xBaxCuO4 (LBCO) crystals for 0 <= x <= 0.35. We find that the dynamic correlations in the system are gapless and persist to at least order Kelvin temperatures. These features display qualitative and quantitative similarity to its sister compound La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) for the same doping. We also find evidence that suggests connection between the dynamic rods of scattering and the pseudogap phase found in these materials, though nothing conclusive can be said at present . We will explore the doping, temperature and energy dependence of these dynamic features in detail.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Formal Modelling of Version Control Systems

contributor:
Sekerinski, Emil
Computing and Software

subject:
Computer Sciences
Computer Sciences

abstract:
Version control systems are widely used to manage collections of files and directories, along with changes made to them over their lifetime. Any previously checked in version of a file is recoverable at any time from the repository. They allow people to work on the same files in a decentralized and concurrent way, while consistently managing and integrating changes.
 In this thesis we develop a subset of the SVN and CVS version control systems from specifications using Atelier B 4. Both of these systems are feature rich, widely used in cross-platform environments and representative of their class of file based extensional version control systems. Support for abstract data types like sets and refinement is well suited to the task. The most commonly used features such as Add, Check-in, Update are modeled in increasing detail in multiple refinement steps. Later refinement steps add features such as binary file support and the local cache. Having both models allows us to compare and contrast their feature sets. Documentation for SVN and CVS is extensive but informal. One feature of CVS required experimentation when the written documentation was insufficient. SVN is modelled in approximately 1400 lines in eight refinement steps with 109 proof obligations. CVS is likewise specified in roughly 1150 lines in seven steps with 29 proof obligations. With all proof obligations discharged we are confident the models represent the real systems and are a reasonable first step towards the goal of verifiable implementations of version control systems.

abstract: Master of Computer Science (MCS)


title: DEVELOPMENT OF TEMPERATURE AND FLOW SENSORS FOR MICROFLUIDIC APPLICATIONS

contributor:
Ching, C.Y.
Selvananagathy, Ravi
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
There is currently a lack of quality sensing techniques that can provide the required spatial and temporal resolution for use in microfluidic devices. The development of such micro sensors will allow real time monitoring and control of many processes at the micro level, and play a crucial role in expanding microfluidics to novel applications. For example, integration of sensors within the microfluidic device itself will allow active control of processes within these devices. The overall objective of this study was to develop a micro temperature and micro flow sensor for use in microfluidic devices. The specific objectives were to develop, design and micro fabricate a micro thermocouple and micro heater, and integrate these within a microchannel to show proof of concept of a micro thermal pulse flow sensor. A platinum-constantan (PT-NiCu) micro thermocouple was developed and fabricated using a three mask process. The micro fabrication protocols and procedures were developed for potentiostatically electroplating the constantan leg of the micro thermocouple. The thermocouples were characterized and the Seebeck coefficient (sensitivity) was found to be 39.04 μV/゜C and 41.75 μV/゜C for non compensated and a compensated thermocouple arrangement respectively.

A meandering resistive type micro heater was developed. The power consumption for the 400 Å thick gold micro heaters on the silicon oxide and on the glass substrates was compared. The power required for the glass substrate was 46mW, 112mW and l60mW for 5V, 8V, 10V respectively, while for the silicon oxide was 499.5 mW, 1.27 W and 1.943 W respectively.

The thermal flow sensor was developed by integrating the micro heater and micro thermocouple within a microchannel to show proof of concept of the sensor. The flow sensor was operated in three modes; time of flight, temperat1ll'e difference and pulsed thermotransfer calibration mode. Essentially the thetmotransfer principle occurs as the heat loss from the micro heater source to the fluid will increase with the flow rate, thereby giving greater voltage amplitude of the thetmocouple response with increasing flow velocities.

The flow sensor performance was characterized using methanol/water as the working fluid for mass flow rate in the range of no flow to 0.7 ml/min. The device has several unique operating and physical characteristics, including the novel pulsing scheme developed that compensates against temperature drift, resulting in high repeatability.

The flow sensor was calibrated using the thermotransfer principle for three pulse modes; single, multiple pulses with change in input voltage and multiple pulses with change in pulse duration. The comparative results showed that the multiple pulse modes generated a more detectable signal than the single pulse mode. The multiple pulse regimes allowed for a larger dynamic flow range. The flow sensor can be duplicated relatively easily so that multiple sensors can be distributed within a microfluidic device to allow simultaneous flow measurements at different locations within the device.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: First Year Calculus: The Student Experience

contributor:
Lovric, Miroslav
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
Mathematics
Statistics and Probability
Mathematics

abstract: Students entering university for the first time face many new challenges and obstacles, which often include first year calculus. Many students come to university liking mathematics and hoping to study in a math intensive field, but encounter a roadblock when they stalt taking university-level calculus. Why do these first year mathematics courses cause problems? What challenges do the students face, and what can be done to help them overcome these obstacles and achieve their goals? In this study we set out to try to answer these questions by interviewing 16 students about their experiences taking first year calculus at McMaster University. Here we discuss our findings regarding the students' study habits, problem solving techniques and views of mathematics, as well as a number of other factors which could have caused them problems. We will also discuss how the views of the students are not always in alignment with those of the faculty and staff, as well as possible ways in which the teaching of calculus could be improved at McMaster University.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: ADVANCED MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR THE FABRICATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SUPERCAPACITORS

contributor:
Zhitomirsky, I.
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
Nanostructured manganese oxides in amorphous or various crystalline forms have been found to be promising electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors (ES). Manganese dioxide nanofibers with length ranged from 0.1 to 1 μm and a diameter of about 3-10 nm were prepared by a chemical precipitation method. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method and mpregnation techniques have been developed to fabricate thin film and composite electrodes for ES. As-prepared nanofibers and electrodes were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The capacitive behavior of electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry method using a three-electrode cell in the mild Na2SO4.

The composite electrodes fabricated by impregnation of manganese dioxide nanofibers and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into porous nickel foam and nickel plaque current collectors showed excellent capacitive performance with large material loading of 7-40 mg cm-2 in 0.1-0.5 M Na2SO4. MnO2 nanofibers and MWCNTs can form a porous fibrous network, which is beneficial for the electrolyte access to the active materials. In addition, MWCNTs formed a secondary conductivity network within the porous nickel structures. The highest specific capacitance (SC) of 185 F g-1 was obtained at a scan rate of 2 mV S-1 in the 0.5 M Na2SO4 solutions. The effect of the electrolyte concentration, scan rate and active material composition on the capacitive behavior was discussed.

Obtained thin film and composite electrodes by EPD showed a capacitive behavior in the 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solutions with a potential range of 0-1.0 V. The highest SC of 412 F g-1 was obtained for the thin film electrodes at a scan rate 2 mV S-1 in the 0.1 M Na2SO4. The SC decreased with increasing deposit mass and scan rate. It was found that the addition of MWCNTs can improve the capacitive performance of manganese dioxide electrodes with smaller equivalent series resistance (ESR). The mechanisms and kinetics of all the deposition methods were discussed.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Anisotrophy in Arenes: Calculation of NMR Chemical Shifts

contributor:
McGlinchey, M. J.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
The local anisotropic shielding contribution to proton NMR chemical shifts, due to electron circulation around each carbon, in benzene is calculated on the basis of the free electron in a loop model. The circulating current was estimated from the experimentally measured ¹³C shielding tensors. The ring current contribution is recalculated, using the Waugh and Fessenden approach but no loop separation is assumed.

The sum of the local anisotropic and ring current contributions in conjunction with an appropriately chosen standard shift predict chemical shift values which compare favourably with experimental values for benzene and toluene. The predicted chemical shifts for the methylene protons of [9]-paracyclophane are given.

Contour maps of the local anisotropic contributions in various planes in and around a benzene ring are presented. Also presented is a contour map for the ring current contribution, similar to the Johnson and Bovey plot, with the assumption there is no separation of the current loops.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Analogue of the Gauss Class Number Problem in Motivic Cohomology

contributor:
Kolster, Manfred
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
Let F be a totally real number field of degree d and let n >= 2 be an even integer. We denote by W KM2n-2(F) the n-th motivic wild kernel of F, which acts as an analogue to
the class group of F. Assuming the 2-adic Iwasawa Main Conjecture, we prove that the there are only finitely many totally real number fields F having |W KM2n-2(F)| = 1 for some even integer n>=2. In particular we show that there are no totally real number fields having trivial n-th motivic wild kernel for n >= 6, and that there is precisely one totally real number field having trivial 4th motivic wild kernel, namely Q(√(5)). We prove that all totally real number fields having trivial 2nd motivic wild kernel must be of degree d <= 117 (respectively d <= 46 under the assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis). Using Sage mathematical software, we enumerate all totally real fields of degree d < 10 having trivial 2nd motivic wild kernel, finding 21 such fields. Under restrictions on the local properties of F, we enumerate all relevant fields having trivial 2nd motivic wild kernel.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Renunciation in Jain Stories

contributor:
Granoff, P.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to examine Jain attitudes toward renunciation in the final two books of the Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra, the Pārśvanāthacaritra and the Mahāvīracaritra, through the creation of a typology of the stories of male renunciation. I argue that tensions exist between the two distinct models of renunciation found in the text - spontaneous renunciation early in life, and late, stage of life based renunciation. Such tensions also exist between the models of renunciation advocated by the heterodox and orthodox traditions of India. The early time renunciation is consistent with the model of renunciation presented by heterodox traditions, while the late time of renunciation parallels the orthodox asrama system's model of renunciation. The forty-nine stories discussed in this thesis are organized according to a tripartite typology based on the social position of the renunciant, the time of renunciation, and the cause of renunciation. The stories are initially divided into three groups according to the social position of the renunciant- ordinary individuals, kings, and princes. Each group is then discussed according to the remaining two aspects of the typology. Stories of ordinary individuals portray spontaneous, early renunciation, while stories of kings predominantly portray renunciation late in life, based on a particular stage. The stories of princes reveal that renouncing immediately upon experiencing the desire to do so is not always the most effective time to renounce. As such, the text clearly shows that a homogenous model of renunciation does not exist in the text and reveals flexibility on the proper time of renunciation. Although the time of renunciation is the focus of this thesis, other aspects of Jain attitudes toward renunciation are discussed, such as the importance of a personal and catalytic experience in bringing about firm resolve in renouncing.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Analytical And Numerical Modeling Of Organic Photovoltaic Devices

contributor:
Deen, Jamal M.
Datars, Ross W.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
The energy crises, along with the recent global warming trends, demand an immediate cut in the use of fossil fuel. Therefore, renewable sources of energy and especially solar power, have gained tremendous attention from the consumer countries as a possible candidate to replace the carbon-based energy supplies. Among all different types of solar cells, flexibility, cost-effective fabrication processes, combined with low-price materials and most importantly a great potential for improvement make organic solar cells an interesting topic for research. On the other hand, modeling provides a valuable opportunity to study device properties that experimentally are out of reach, expensive or need a long time to measure. These mentioned reasons motivated us to choose modeling of organic solar cells as the subject of our research.

In this research, we tried to provide a complete study of the power generating procedure in organic solar cells by modeling all of the following processes: in-coupling of the photons, absorption of the photons, formation of the excitons, diffusion of the excitons, dissociation of the excitons, transportation of the charges and collection of the charges at the electrodes.

To get a better understanding and also because of basic physical differences, the modeling is
divided into two parts: the optical section and the electrical section. Each section is also divided
into two separate segments, analytical and numerical analysis.

Using the optical models with different designs to improve the performance of the solar cells, the effect of the layer thickness and two- and three-dimensional light focusing apertures on the intensity of light at the junction of n-type and p-type materials (for bilayer heterojunction organic solar cells) are studied. Results show that for a certain design of the light focusing aperture, a 98% increase in the light absorption in a bilayer heterojunction solar cell can be obtained.

The electrical performance of organic solar cell is also studied by using analytical modeling of exciton diffusion for bilayer heterojunction solar cells and numerical models based on driftdiffusion procedures by using COMSOL multiphysics software for bulk heterojunction solar cells. Based on the mismatch between the calculated results and measurement (counterdiode effect), a tunneling current correction is introduced. Finally, using the tunneling current model, the energy diagram of the organic active layer at the metallic contact is characterised.

In summary, five different models are described in five separate sections, and at the end of each section, results are reported and compared with the literature that prove that the presented models can be used for a new design of organic solar cell characteristics to improve the performance of the device. Also, by introducing the tunneling current to model the counterdiode effect, we have contributed to the literature.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Accuracy of Boiling Water Reactor Sub channel Void Distribution Predictions

contributor:
Novog, D. R.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract:
The ability to accurately predict the void fraction in a nuclear reactor plays a vital role in the field of nuclear safety. Specifically, high volumetric fractions of vapour in a reactor core can lead to a severe degradation in the ability of the coolant to remove heat from the fuel. Unfortunately, the behaviour of two-phase flow is complex and not particularly well understood, making it infeasible to describe the fluid behaviour in the core analytically. Instead, computer codes which rely heavily on temporal and spatial averaging, as well as empirical correlations, are used to provide a 'best-estimate' of the core thermalhydraulic behaviour.

In this study, both the system code RELAP5-3D and the sub channel code ASSERT are used to simulate sub channel void fraction measurements conducted on full scale electrically heated BWR type bundles. RELAP was demonstrated to be capable of predicting the void fraction at the sub channel level to within ±O.l 0 of the reported value 82.6% ofthe time, while ASSERT was successful 95.6% of the time. When the accuracy levels are broken down by sub channel geometry, the comer and side sub channels tended to be the most inaccurately predicted, and this was determined to have been caused by the strong influence of sub channel nnxmg.

Uncertainty bands around the simulated points were predicted using the CIAU method developed at the University of Pisa. In the cases simulated with RELAP, the simulated uncertainty bounds enveloped a portion of the experimental uncertainty bounds 95.4% of the time while the ASSERT assessment saw coverage 85.4% of the time.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Shedding Light on Dark Satellites

contributor:
Couchman, Hugh
Physics and Astronomy

subject:
Astrophysics and Astronomy
Astrophysics and Astronomy

abstract: We present a study of satellites in orbit around high-resolution, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) galaxies simulated in cosmological contexts. For t he galaxies of similar mass to the Milky Way, the luminosity function at redshift zero of the satellites is similar to the observed luminosity function of the system of satellites orbiting the Milky Way. Analysis of the satellites' mass functions reveals an order of magnit ude more dark sat ellites than luminous for each galaxy. There are even dark subhalos more massive than some of the luminous subhalos. What separates luminous and dark subhalos is not their mass at z = 0, but t he maximum mass a subhalo attained over t heir life. We study the effect of four mass-loss mechanisms on the subhalos: ultraviolet (UV) ionising radiation, tidal stripping, ram pressure stripping, and stellar feeclback, and compare the impact each have on the satellites. In the lowest mass subhalos, UV is responsible for most of the gas loss and ram pressure stripping removes the rest. More massive subhalos have deeper potential wells and retain more mass during reionisation. However , as satellites pass near the centre of their main halo , tidal forces cause mass loss from satellites of all masses. It is difficult to discriminate mass loss due to this stellar feedback from other mechanisms using our analysis. During the course of this analysis, we noticed that massive and highly luminous subhalos accrete gas in a region that extends beyond their origins and traces their orbit around the host halo. We also ran a second series of t ests by varying the baryonic physics for a smaller galaxy and found that stellar feedback and UV ionisation do have a profound effect of the subhalos.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Numerical Investigation of Multiple-Impinging Slot Jets in the Gas-Jet Wiping of Liquid Zinc Coatings

contributor:
McDermid, Joseph R.
Hrymak, Andrew N.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
A turbulent impinging slot jet is a device which is used in various industrial applications such as glass tempering, heating of complex surfaces, cooling of turbine blades, cooling of electronic devices and in the continuous hot-dip galvanizing line, which is the focus of this study. An impinging slot jet is used to control the zinc film thickness on the sheet substrate to reach uniform product coating thickness by applying a pressure gradient and shear stress distribution on the moving substrate, after immersion in a bath of molten zinc. The impinging jet wipes the excess molten zinc from the steel strip through the combined effects of a pressure gradient and shear stress distribution on the steel strip.

In this study, the fluid flow of three multiple-impinging slot jet configurations discharging air at high velocity on a moving substrate were investigated numerically. Computational fluid dynamics was used to determine the wall pressure results and wall shear stress distributions due to the multiple impinging slot jets, and these results were used as boundary conditions in an analytical model to estimate the final liquid zinc thickness on the substrate. The standard k - ε turbulence model with non-equilibrium wall treatments was used to capture the turbulence parameters in the flow field.

The knowledge of using multiple-impinging slot jets in the hot-dip galvanizing line process as a wiping actuator is quite limited. There is not any systematic work available in using these devices as a wiping actuator. In this study, three models of multiple slot jets were developed numerically with the goal of estimating the coating weight on the moving sheet substrate. The conventional model of a single-impinging slot jet was used as a base case for comparing the wall pressure results, wall shear stress distributions and consequently the coating weight data on a moving substrate with different multiple-impinging slot jet configurations. Adjusting the various process parameters such as main slot jet Reynolds number (Rem), auxiliary slot jet Reynolds number (Rea), plate-to-nozzle ratio (z / d) and sheet substrate velocity (Vsubstrate) allows the producers to control the coating weight on a moving sheet substrate.

For this study, the numerical simulations were solved using FLUENT commercial code. A comprehensive set of numerical modeling over a wide range of process variables was performed for all configurations in order to present a broad summary of the coating weight trends in the wiping process. A full analysis of the wall pressure distributions and wall shear stress results, as well as coating weight estimation generated under different impinging slot jets have been presented in this study.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Enhancing antibiotic production through the genetic engineering of Streptomyces species

contributor:
Elliot, Marie A.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Antibiotics have a prominent role in the human healthcare system. With natural sources, such as bacteria, acting as the main source of antibiotics, it is no wonder that the actinomycete bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is so prominent in this field of research. Although none of the four known antibiotics it produces have any clinical use, there is a wealth of genetic information and tools available for this model Streptomyces (producers of over two-thirds of the world's antibiotics ).

In recent years, there has been a gradual decline in the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs despite the rising need to combat increasingly resistant strains of bacteria. As such, my work focused on investigating the various methods of antibiotic overproduction available through genetic manipulations. Phenotypic analysis, antibiotic assays, and RT-PCR demonstrated the effectiveness of the ermE* promoter from Saccharopolyspora erythraea, in conjunction with the tufI ribosome-binding site, in the overexpression of the atrA gene in S. lividans. This provided support for the incorporation of both these regulatory elements in an effective heterologous overexpression vector for Streptomyces.

Overexpression of regulator genes as a method of stimulating increased and/or novel antimicrobial compounds is a common endeavor. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of expressing S. coelicolor genes in the Streptomyces wild isolate, Cu#39. Additionally, as a tool for antibiotic research, we created a S. coelicolor strain constructed to direct its metabolic resources towards a designated metabolite. By eliminating select endogenous secondary metabolites, this strain holds the potential of serving as a host for increased yields of heterologous molecule production. In these three projects, I explored the use of Streptomyces as a reservoir for the identification of new antibiotics.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Family Group Decision Making: Implementation in Child Welfare in the Province of Ontario

contributor:
Gladstone, James
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
The Ministry of Children and Youth Services has embarked on a Transformation Agenda that suggests a fundamental re-orientation of child welfare services in Ontario from an expert-led model to one which promotes family participation in child welfare decision making. Family Group Decision Making, also referred to as Family Group Conferencing, is an approach that encourages collaboration between child welfare workers and the family group (which includes the immediate family, relatives and friends). Alongside child protection mediation and Aboriginal approaches, Family Group Decision Making forms one of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms advanced in the Transformation Agenda as outlined in Bill 210.

While Family Group Decision Making does facilitate conflict-resolution and will ideally significantly reduce the time spent in court over anyone case, or even in some cases, successfully divert cases from court involvement, it's fundamental purpose is as a planning tool for the family to make decisions for the safety and well-being of a child designated as at risk or in need of protection. With the advancement of the Transformation Agenda in Ontario in November 2006, it is anticipated that Family Group Decision Making will be implemented as a service in many of the fifty-three Children's Aid Societies in Ontario, and that it will be particularly useful in high-conflict, high-complex cases, although it may also be utilized in other contexts where decision making regarding a child's future is needed.

The purpose of this study is to examine how Children's Aid Societies are implementing and carrying out the practice of Family Group Decision Making/Family Group Gonferencing as one of the three approved Alternate Dispute Resoulution methods required to be considered under Bill 210, and to examine the degree to which each of the programs studied provides a service that adheres to the Family Group Conferencing Model for Ontario.

The study is based on indepth, face-to-face qualitative interviews with approved Family Group Decision Making coordinators involved with child welfare agencies in Ontario. The interviews explored Family Group Decision Making program design and implementation factors. Findings indicate that programs are closely adhering to the Ontario model, and that overall the coordinators who provide the service are extremely positive about this approach to working with families. Issues of debate include whether coordinators located "in-house" jeopordize the neutrality of the program, and if identifying Family Group Decision Making as an Alternative Dispute Resoulution mechanism to be utilized particularly in high-conflict, high-complex cases denies other families that would appreciate engaging in such a process as early on as possible in their involvement with child welfare.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Art and Property in The Forsyte Saga and A Modern Comedy

contributor:
Morton, R.
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: The Man of Property is unique among the Forsyte novels in that it is both the only pre-war book and the only book in which the Forsytes are seen in a completely negative light. Forsytes symbolize the forces of Property, which are always striving to suppress all forms of Art. By the end of The Man of Property Property stands triumphant. Bosinney, the Architect-Artist, is dead, and Irene, that embodiment of Beauty, has been enslaved by Soames. In Chancery and To Let trace the gradual changes in both Soames and Irene, and the new relationship of Property and Art. The villainous Soames looks better and better, whilee Irene's goodness begins to dim. When the crisis of Jon's and Fleur's love comes to a head, it is Soames who is noble and self-sacrificing and Irene who is manipulative. When the focus of the novels is not on these two old antagonists, it is increasingly taken up with the problem of Fleur and Jon. It turns out that the possessive Fleur is not as bad as she appears, while Jon is unable to live up to one's natural expectations of him. In the end it seems that Fleur's possessiveness may even be:an asset, as Property and Art arrive at a partnership by the end of To Let. The White Monkey and The Silver Spoon have been criticized as rambling books full of trivial incidents. They actually chronicle Fleur's quest for a still satisfying life which does not include Beauty--that is, Jon. These novels also succeed in illustrating the aimlessness of the post-war generation and the moral rot which seems to be invading all levels of society. In Swan Song the once villainous Soames must become the hero who saves the day for Fleur. She was sure that Jon was the answer to the problems of herself and her age, and he turns out to be a ghastly disappointment. If there is to be an answer, it must come through Soames's discovery of a classically simple peace among the traces of his forbears. In the end it is Soames who is the saviour of the modern age, and Fleur who is its Artist.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Andreas Gryphius' martyr dramas: a Study

contributor:
Van, R. L.
German

subject:
German Language and Literature
German Language and Literature

abstract:
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This study presents an examination, in chronological order, of the martyr dramas of Andreas Gryphius, the German poet and dramatist. The dominant themes of 'Eitelkeit' and the 'Bestandigkeit ' of the martyr figures are traced through the dramas, and an attempt is made to evaluate Gryphius' contribution to this genre.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Clay Mineralogy and Morphology of Soils at Thor Lake, N.W.T., Canada

contributor:
Bunting, B. T.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: Investigation of the morphology and mineralogy of a group of soils in the southern part of the District of Mackenzie, N.W.T is reported. A uniform suite of clay-size minerals, reflecting locally reported bedrock, is observed with weathering of surface horizons resulting in the formation of vermiculite and montmorillonite from illite and chlorite. Kaolinite, attributed to pre-glacial formation, is illuviated downwards in the these soils. Considerable quartz, feldspar, hornblende and anatase are also noted in the <2 micron fraction. Dominant soil types are Humo-Ferric Podzols and Degraded Dystric Brunisols. It is proposed that the use of Degraded Brunisol for these soils in inappropriate. The nature of fragic and placic soil horizons in the area is>discussed.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Muscle Contractile Properties and Fatigue Characteristics after Spinal Cord Injury

contributor:
Hicks, Audrey L.
Kinesiology

subject: Kinesiology Kinesiology

abstract:
Paralyzed skeletal muscle undergoes several changes after spinal cord injury (SCI) that lead to alterations in contractile properties and a decrease in fatigue resistance. In this thesis, SCI-induced changes in the muscle length-tension relationship were explored first through the identification of the optimal joint angles for force generation in the ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor muscles. The length-tension relationship in the dorsiflexor muscles was not found to differ between SCI and able-bodied (AB) participants, while the plantarflexor muscle group showed a significant shift to shorter muscle lengths (and thus smaller joint angles) for force generation after SCI.

In the second part of this thesis, muscle fatigue characteristics in the ankle dorsiflexors were examined to determine if a decline in muscle excitability contributed to increased muscle fatigue after SCI. The protocol consisted of a 2 minute trial of intermittent tetanic bursts at 30Hz delivered to the peroneal nerve. There were no changes in M-wave amplitude or area observed over the course of the fatigue trial, despite significant loss in force generating capacity, suggesting the maintenance of muscle excitability during fatigue. Participants with SCI showed a greater degree of fatigue than the AB controls, with a decline of 57% and 43% in PT and IT, respectively. In comparison, the AB group showed an increase of 13% in PT and a decline of 22% in IT at the end of the fatigue trial ..

In both studies, there were no significant differences in rates of muscle contraction or relaxation between SCI and AB groups, suggesting the possible preservation of type I muscle fibres in our participants. There was, however, a greater slowing of relaxation rate after fatigue in the SCI group, suggesting some potential impairment in Ca2+ re-uptake. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the twitch-tetanus ratio noted in the SCI group in both studies, suggesting increased muscle stiffness and decreased elastic ~ compliance after SCI. These results have contributed to our understanding of the effects of paralysis on muscle properties; future work should focus on the identification of the :~ mechanisms of muscle fatigue after SCI and the possible role of spasticity in the maintenance of muscle contractile dynamics and fibre composition in paralyzed muscle.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Effect of Nitrogen Concentration on Compatible Solutes During Salinity Stress in Thellungiella salsuginea

contributor:
Weretilnyk, Elizabeth A.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Thellungiella salsuginea, a crucifer relative of Arabidopsis thalinana, tolerates extreme abiotic stresses such as salt, drought and cold (Taji et al., 2004; Inan et al., 2004; Gong et al., 2005 ; Wong et al. , 2006; Griffith et al. , 2007). Investigations into the abiotic stress tolerance of this plant have shown that the accumulation of compatible solutes in the cytosol of the cell can help restore cellular osmotic balance during periods of osmotic stress (Flowers et al. , 1977; Greenway and Munns, 1980; Hasegawa and Bressan, 2000). The objective of this study was to identify qualitative and quantitative changes in polar metabolites present in T. salsuginea seedlings subjected to saline conditions. Seeds were germinated on Murashige and Skoog media and then T. salsuginea seedlings were transferred to defined tissue culture media where they were grown for a period of one to two weeks in the presence or absence of 100 mM NaCI (-S/+S) and under conditions of 0.1 mM or 1.0 mM nitrogen (designated LN and HN for low and high nitrogen, respectively). Shoot and root biomass and length determinations were taken daily and shoot tissue was extracted for analysis of polar metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Our hypothesis was that T. salsuginea seedlings experiencing salt stress would accumulate compatible solutes and that the level of nitrogen in the growing medium would have no influence on that outcome. Among the mass spectral tags (MSTs), proline has been proposed to perform the functions of a compatible solute (Hare et al. , 1998; Zhu et al. , 2001). If proline is a compatible solute in salinized plants we might expect the proline content to be the same and independent of nitrogen availability or that plants with low proline would perform poorly. However, we found the proline content in salinized plants on LN to be 6.3-fold lower than in seedlings on HN+S media and root elongation and shoot biomass were not affected in seedlings on LN+S media relative to controls.

T. salsuginea grown under HN+S or LN+S grew at the same rate (average of 2.2 mm•d-1 ) and showed a 50% reduction in primary root elongation rate compared to HN or LN controls. As such, the presence of salt slowed the rate of root elongation but the level of N present had no effect. At the time of harvest, which averaged 18.7 ± 2.1 d for +S seedlings and 8.7 ± 1.5 d for -S seedlings, shoot fresh weight for plants on HN+S and LN+S media did not significantly differ from their respective controls. GC/MS analysis of metabolites showed that 49 MSTs underwent statistically significant (p <= 0.05) changes for the four treatment combinations. Of these, the metabolites proline, raffinose, fructose and myo-Inositol were found by principal component analysis (PCA) to contribute strongly to the separation among treatment-specific datasets.

GC/MS datasets from HN, LN, HN+S, LN+S seedlings were compared with comparable datasets from mature, cabinet-grown plants (control unsalinized; C-0) and plants irrigated with solutions containing 300 mM NaCl (salinized; S-300) and mature field plants harvested over three growing seasons at a Yukon field site (2003 , 2005 and 2006). In this meta-analysis, metabolic profiles were analyzed using ANOVA and of the ca. 300 metabolic compounds detected, only 52 underwent changes in abundance deemed statistically significant (p <= 0.05). PCA and hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) showed that metabolite profiles from HN, LN and C-0 were most similar to each other and metabolite profiles of HN+S seedlings more closely resembled S-300 plants. Metabolite profiles of leaves from field plants harvested in 2005 and 2006 were similar to those of seedlings exposed to LN+S while those from 2003 were very distinct from other datasets.

PCA identified proline as an MST strongly contributing to the placement of S-300 and HN+S datasets, while 2005 and 2006 field plants and LN+S plants accumulated carbohydrates, such as raffinose, fructose and several unidentifiable sugars but not proline. These results suggest that accumulation of carbohydrates may be an important stress tolerance strategy of T. salsuginea grown under field conditions whereas proline may be a compatible solute when nitrogen is not limiting.

Our study shows that T. salsuginea displays metabolic plasticity with respect to the organic solutes accumulated under osmotic stress and that nitrogen availability can influences the composition of accumulated organic solutes in seedlings grown on defined media. We propose that this plasticity may operate in the field where nitrogen content of soils is low and proline content of plants is as well. This plasticity may contribute towards T. salsuginea's exceptional ability to survive and even thrive in extreme environments.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: A study of heroic figures in selected dramatic writings of Heinrich Bőll

contributor:
Lawson, J. B.
German

abstract: In this thesis nine dramatic works (eight radio plays and one drama) of Heinrich Bő;; are discussed in detail. An attempt has been made to show, with Menschlichkeit as a criterion, that many of the characters are heroic figures. In addition Bőll is presented as one of his own heroes.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Inferences in the Interval Censored Exponential Regression Model

contributor:
Viveros-Aguilera, Roman
Statistics

subject:
Statistics and Probability
Statistics and Probability

abstract:
The problem of estimation when the data are interval censored has been investigated by several authors. Lindsey and Ryan (1998) considered the application of conventional methods to interval mid (or end) points and showed that they tended to underestimate the standard errors of the estimated parameters and give potentially misleading results. MacKenzie (1999) and Blagojevic (2002) conjectured that the estimator of the parameter was artificially precise when analyzing inspection times as if they were exact when the "time to event" data followed an exponential distribution. In this thesis, we derive formulae for pseudo and true (or exact) likelihoods in the exponential regression model in order to examine the consequences for inference on parameters when the pseudo-likelihood is used in place of the true likelihood. We pay particular attention to the approximate bias of the maximum likelihood estimates in the case of the true likelihood. In particular we present analytical work which proves that the conjectures of Lindsey and Ryan (1998), MacKenzie (1999) and Blagojevic (2002) hold, at least for the exponential distribution with categorical or continuous covariates.

We undertake a simulation study in order to quantify and analyze the relative performances of maximum likelihood estimation from both likelihoods. The numerical evidence suggests that the estimates from true likelihood are more accurate. We apply the proposed method to a set of real interval-censored data collected in a Medical Research Council (MRC, UK) multi-centre randomized controlled trial of teletherapy in the age-related macular disease (the ARMD) study.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Wheels in Motion: Mobility's Relationship with Self-Efficacy and LeisureTime Physical Activity in People with Spinal Cord Injury

contributor:
Martin Ginis, Kathleen A.
Kinesiology

subject:
Mediation
Self-Efficacy
Spinal Cord Injury
Leisure-Time Physical Activity
Wheelchair Skills
Wheeled Mobility
Kinesiology
Kinesiology

abstract: Using a cross-sectional design, Bandura's (1986) Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Efficacy Theory (1977) were used as a framework to determine whether wheelchairuse self-efficacy and exercise barrier self-efficacy mediate the relationship between wheelchair mobility and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Fourty-six manual wheelchair users (76.1 % male), with varying levels of SCI (80.4% paraplegic, 47.8% complete injuries) participated in this study. Participants completed The Wheelchair Skills Test version 4.1 (Wheelchair Skills Test Version 4.1 [WST 4.1],2008) which measured wheelchair mobility, a modified barrier self-efficacy questionnaire (McAuley & Mihalko, 1998) which measured exercise barrier self-efficacy, the Wheelchair Mobility Confidence Scale (WMCS; Rushton & Miller, 2009) which measured wheelchair-use self-efficacy, and the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for people with SCI (PARA-SCI; Martin Ginis, Latimer, Hicks & Craven, 2005) which measured LTPA. It was hypothesized that (1) there would be a positive relationship between wheelchair mobility and LTPA, and (2) wheelchair-use self-efficacy and exercise barrier self-efficacy would mediate this relationship. Using linear regression models, a positive association between wheelchair mobility and LTPA was established (β = .29, p < .05). Exercise barrier self-efficacy was a significant partial mediator, explaining 47.7% ofthe variance in the mobility-LTPA relationship. Wheelchair-use selfefficacy was a non-significant mediator. This thesis has practical and theoretical implications for understanding and improving LTPA participation and represents the first study to determine the relationship between wheelchair mobility, self-efficacy, and LTPA in people living with SCI.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Magic and Superstition in Grimmelshausen's Das wunderbarliche VogeI-Nest, Teil II

contributor:
Teuscher, G.
German

abstract:
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This thesis analyses the role of magic and superstition in one of Grimmelshausen's least studied novels, Das wunderbarliche Vogel-Nest, Teil II. Their effects upon the main character are examined, illustrating the author's moral stand against the use of magic and superstition; the same attitude which is shown to be reflected in his other novels. The various functions of these beliefs and practices within the novel itself are also determined, and it is suggested that Grimmelshausen's employment of magic and superstition advances the didactic purpose of the novel in several important ways.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Expert Knowledge of University Graduate Students with Learning Disabilities: A Policy and Service Analysis

contributor:
Zhou, Rachel
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
The narratives of university graduate students with learning disabilities (LDs) are for the most part absent in the development of a life course perspective and analysis of LDs, yet an in depth qualitative study of individual stories and experiences with schooling or transition from high school to post-secondary education at this age can inform what we know about employment rates, income, and other markers of adult adjustment in the context of LDs. An insider perspective of this group may help to uncover patterns of discrimination in the dispersal of resources that lead to lower educational attainment and socioeconomic status and mental health problems, as is seen in this group.

Specifically, this thesis aims to examine two research questions: a) What are the experiences of graduate students with LDs in a university setting?; and b) What are the implications of such experiences for policy and services for this group? I am interested in exploring the unique narratives amongst graduate students with learning disabilities from their own perspectives and understanding the implementations of such policies as the AODA (Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act) in light of these students' experiences.

Two female graduate students from two different universities in the south-western Ontario area were interviewed using open ended questions. Literature of empirical studies was compared to the spirit of our government legislation for analysis of its potential effectiveness at ensuring equal opportunity for this group.

The undergraduate experiences of the participants in this study are consistent with international literature on undergraduate experiences, adding to data that suggests that individuals with LDs who manage to gain admission to a postsecondary institution continue to be subjected to disparaging attitudes and interactions similar to the ones they endured as children. The attitudes of teachers and staff betrayed ignorance of facts regarding LDs, leading to judgments such as that they are intellectually inferior, lazy, and unworthy of attention or of accommodations that are their legal right.

Participants discussed their more recent graduate experiences, the context of which sometimes differed in noteworthy ways from that of their undergraduate experiences. As graduate students they emphasized their belief that the most worrisome and discriminatory experiences were those related to unreasonable delays in the provision of accommodations, the delivery of financial aid, and the delivery of technological aids. This included problems such as vague, complicated, and excessively time consuming rules and processes, as well as rules that seem to be structured so as to disqualify individuals with LDs from receiving resources or help, rather than, as might reasonably be hoped, identifying those who should be granted help, and policies and procedures that work to create a substantially larger financial burden.

It is suggested that the AODA has not been effective as a tool for disseminating truth and knowledge and eradicating discrimination against individuals with LDs, and that interactions with individual staff members may not only evidence the discriminatory beliefs of that individual, but of the system or department that he or she represents as well. Suggested changes include: mandatory education and awareness training for post secondary instructors; the implementation of Universal Design of Instruction and needed infrastructure; and the implementation of clear procedures and penalties for non compliance that do not place the onus on the student to report incidents or secure and provide proof.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: MACPISA-CANDU: Multi-step Approach to Code-coupling for Progression Induced Severe Accidents in CANDU Nuclear Power Plants

contributor:
Luxat, J.C.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: A methodology called the Multi-step Approach to Code-coupling for Progression Induced Severe Accidents in CANDU nuclear power plants (MACPISA-CANDU) was developed and applied. MACPISA-CANDU was used to couple a MATLAB single fuel channel model with a primary heat transport system model developed in MELCOR (MELCOR 1.8.5) to model a small break loss of coolant accident (SBLOCA) in conjunction with a loss of emergency coolant injection (LOECI) in a CANDU 6 nuclear power plant. The specific type of SBLOCA modelled was an individual reactor inlet feeder stagnation break (8.03cm2 ). The early stages of the SBLOCA-LOECI event were the focus of this thesis. 13 seconds after the initiation of the break it was predicted that the pressure tube would heat up to 1473 K and rupture. It is assumed that the calandria tube ruptures along with the pressure tube causing coolant to return to the fuel channel and flow out of the rupture into the calandria vessel. It predicted that the moderator within the calandria vessel would be able to act as an ultimate heat sink and end the transient at 298 seconds. In addition, the MATLAB single fuel channel model· was replaced by a single fuel channel model created in SCDAP/RELAP5 (RELAP/SCDAPSIM Mod 3.4 (bi7)). The coupled SCDAP/RELAP5-MELCOR simulation predicted that the pressure tube would rupture at 23 seconds and subsequently the transient would end at 403 seconds. The results from both code-coupled simulations are shown to be in reasonable agreement with the results of other validated computer models.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Unity in Variety: An examination of Gottfried Keller's 'Die Leute von Seldwyla'.

contributor:
Denner, K.
German

abstract: The thesis is an independent and personal examination of Keller's collection 'Die Leute von Seldwyla'.The collection is considered as a complete work in itself, but the procedure adopted takes account of the individtuality of each component work. Two chapters deal respectively with the structure of the individual works and with the image presented throughout the collection of the Seldwyla people, and two further chapters present interpretations of each work in turn. The conclusion emphasises the variety which is to be found in the collection, as well as a certain degree of unity.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Conjugate Field Fidelity Susceptibility (CFFS): A Novel Computational Approach to Quantum Phase Transitions

contributor:
Sørensen, Erik S.
Physics and Astronomy

abstract: This work introduces a new technique for the determination of quantum phase transitions known as the Conjugate Field Fidelity Susceptibility (CFFS) approach. The CFFS method draws highly on the Quantum Information concept of quantum fidelity susceptibility. An initial introduction to the computational tricks needed to feasibly calculate quantum fidelities will be given. Following this will be a discussion of the nature, derivation and applications of the quantum fidelity and fidelity susceptibilities. Then the CFFS technique will be described before applying it to identify a BKT(Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless) transition in the Next-Nearest Neighbour Heisenberg Spin Chain. Finally, the method will be applied to confirm the more robust phase diagram of the Next-Nearest Neighbour Heisenberg model on an anisotropic triangular lattice.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Temporal and Spatial Two-Medium Void Distributions by Radiation Diagnostics

contributor:
Vlachopoulos, J.
Harms, A. A.
Chemical Engineering

abstract: Two specific aspects of penetrating radiation diagnostics for application to two-phase flow systems were investigated. In Part I, discrete time interval attenuation measurements of a neutron beam from a research reactor were used to study the effect of the gating (measurement) period on the resulting void probability density distributions. Three idealized two-phase situations were investigated - discrete bubble, slug, and annular flow, for 0.01-10.0 s gating periods. The slug flow condition was readily characterized by a dual maxima PDD for gating intervals below the dominant slug period. In all cases the PDD variance increased with decreasing gating periods and was found to be of use for trend description and regime discrimination. Part II endeavours to reconstruct in two dimensions, the time-averaged void distribution of a dual density system from radiation attenuation measurements. The procedure employed made us of three contemporary algebraic reconstruction methods. Projection data was obtained from a digitized computer model in the first set of tests and later from traverses of a neutron beam across a voided lucite model. With a fixed, large beam size, decoupling of overlapped measurements was needed to permit resolution of fine detail. Extension to the dynamic two-phase flow situation was considered and it was shown that the void variance within a subdivided measurement interval can provide an estimate of the dynamic void bias effect.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Clinical Social Wark Practice in a Child Welfare Setting: Barriers and Possibilities

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
Despite the vast research available in child welfare services, little has been written about the fit between clinical social work practice and child welfare work. When the field emerged from the prescriptive and intrusive practices of the Ontario Risk Assessment Model (ORAM) , it ushered change towards Differential Response (DR), a strengthbased, client-inclusive model that relied heavily on the skills of clinical social work practice, thus making it necessary for the field to reevaluate service delivery and the philosophy surrounding risk and protective services to children and families.

Through the use of qualitative interviews, this study examines the experiences and perspectives of five child welfare supervisors as they support the implementation of clinical practice through competing demands and a child welfare mandate whose mission is to protect children.

An analysis of the participants interviews reveal experiences mixed with successes and obstacles as it examines factors which are likely to increase or decrease the engagement of clinical practice in a child welfare agency. The main areas identified include case load management, delivery of services, support for front line workers and philosophy of the agency.

The study supports the need for further research in this area to inform policy development, training considerations and service delivery processes in effort to further support the implementation of clinical practice in child welfare work.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Law and the Concept of Law - Beyond the Nation-State

contributor:
Waluchow, Wil
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
Analytic legal philosophy has overwhelmingly based its agenda and its research upon the domestic law of nation-states, often at the expense of other candidates for inclusion under the concept of law. International law is one such candidate, the conceptualization of which has typically resulted in either a breezy rejection of its status as 'law,' or a lukewarm acceptance based on its similarities to domestic law. But neither of these options affords international law the careful scrutiny such an important phenomenon deserves. This project aims to provide a small step in the direction of such an analysis. It examines the applicability of the distinction between 'law' and 'politics' at the international level, and in the process evaluates some prominent traditional theories of law.

Two poles are presented with respect to the presence of the political and legal features of international law: at one end is an extreme legal realist position that claims international law necessarily lapses into politics, and at the other end, an extreme legal pluralist position that unreflectively accepts the legality of international law. These two poles are examined and subsequently rejected, and a middle path that acknowledges both features is sketched. A prima facie case for understanding international law as 'law' is presented: the requirements of the 'legal system' are reduced and its existence decoupled from the state, which provides a baseline according to which international and domestic law are similar enough to unite under a single analytic concept. What this suggestion does not do is judge international law according to domestic law as an ideal type. Instead it views domestic law as a stable form of law with its own contingent features, but the intersection of which with international law reveals important things about both, and the concept of law more broadly. It thus affirms the legality of international law.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: New Algorithms for Constant Coefficient Multiplication in Custom Hardware

contributor:
Nicolici, Nicola
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
Multiplying by known constants is a common operation in many digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. High performance DSP systems are implemented in custom hardware, in which the designer has the ability to choose which logic elements will be used to perform the computation. By exploiting the properties of binary multiplication, it is possible to realize constant multiplication with fewer logic resources than required by a generic multiplier. In this thesis, we present several new algorithms for solving the constant multiplication problem - given a set of constants, find a low-cost logic circuit that realizes multiplication by each of the constants.

In this thesis, a thorough analysis of the existing algorithms, the underlying frameworks, and the associated properties is provided. We also propose new strategies which are fundamentally different from the existing methods, such as the integration of a heuristic algorithm within an optimal algorithm. In our proposed optimal exhaustive algorithms, we introduce aggressive pruning methods to improve the compute efficiency (compared to existing optimal exhaustive algorithms). Our proposed heuristics attempt to address the weaknesses of the existing heuristics. By extending the analysis of prior work and providing new insight, we are often able to improve both the run time and the performance (in terms of minimizing logic resources).

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: DOUBLE TUNING OF A DUAL EXTERNAL CAVITY SEMICONDUCTOR LASER FOR BROAD WAVELENGTH TUNING WITH HIGH SIDE MODE SUPPRESSION

contributor:
Kleiman, R.N.
Haddara, Y.M.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject: tunable lasers

subject: external cavity lasers

subject: MEOMS

subject: MEMS

subject: dual external cavity

subject: Electromagnetics and photonics

subject: Electronic Devices and Semiconductor Manufacturing

subject: Engineering Physics

subject: Nanotechnology fabrication

subject: Optics

subject: Electromagnetics and photonics

abstract:
Over the past few years various successful miniaturization attempts of External Cavity Semiconductor Lasers (ECSL) were published. They built upon the rich literature of ECSL configurations that were extensively analyzed and improved upon since the 1960s. This was merged with the microfabrication techniques of 3D structures based on MEMS technology. The main drive for miniaturizing such tunable lasers in the recent past was the huge potential for such devices in all optical networks specifically as signal sources that enable Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM).
This thesis compares the different configurations chosen to build tunable lasers using MOEMS technology. Our criteria of comparison include wavelength tuning range, side mode suppression, tuning speed and device dimensions. Designs based on the simple ECSL with a movable external mirror suffered from the tradeoff between tuning range and Side Mode Suppression SMS. To overcome this limitation most designs adopted grating based tuning using the Littrow or Littman/Metcalf configurations. These configurations allow for much better tuning results but don’t lend themselves easily to miniaturization. The grating based devices were bulky and quite complicated to realize.
We propose the adoption of the Zhu/Cassidy double external cavity configuration. It retains the simplicity of the single external mirror configuration along with the tuning range and the SMS of including multiple tuning elements. In its original form this configuration suffered from mode hopping within the tuning range. Thorough simulation, design and experimental evidence is presented in this work to show that by extending the configuration to allow full control over both optical tuning elements this drawback can be eliminated.
Our proposed design would reduce the form factor to < 300μm x 200μm x 200μm. The voltage required to tune through all the modes is < 40V and the resonant frequency of the mirror is in the 10s of MHz order of magnitude. When coupled with a multimode laser of a sufficiently broad lasing profile this setup should enable a tuning range > 72nm with a SMS >20dB.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Sedimentology of modern alluvial fans, Baja California, Mexico.

contributor:
Middleton, Gerard V.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
Five modern alluvial fans in Baja California have been examined In terms of their sedimentary characteristics.

Three of the fans are located in Sierra Juarez. They are composed of very coarse boulders up to 5 m in diameter. The coarseness of these boulders is related to the joint weathering of the granite plutons which comprise the source area. The transport process is debris flows which are probably triggered by one of the few but intense summer rainfalls. The two other fans are less coarse and largely formed by sheetflows.

Five alluvial-fan derived facies are defined. Two of them; facies A and C, represent debris flow in which the main clast-dispersion mechanism is thought to be dispersive pressure generated by particle collisions. Two more; facies B and D, represent debris flow in which the main clast-dispersion mechanism is thought to be matrix-strength. Finally, facies E represents sheetflow deposition.

A remarkable ancient analogue to Sierra Juarez alluvial fans shows that given the same tectonic and climatic setting, similar debris flow ·processes would take place.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Ball is Flat: A Study of Institutional Racism in Football

contributor:
Chakraborty, Chandrima
English

abstract: This project examines the ways in which the global mobility of players has unsettled the traditional nationalistic structure of football and the anxious responses by specific football institutions as they struggle to protect their respective political and economic hegemonies over the game. My intention is to expose the recent institutional exploitation of football's "cultural power" (Stoddart, Cultural Imperialism 650) and ability to impassion and mobilize the masses in order to maintain traditional concepts of authority and identity. The first chapter of this project will interrogate the exclusionary selection practices of both the Mexican and the English Football Associations. Both institutions promote ethnoracially singular understandings of national identity as a means of escaping disparaging accusations of "artificiality," thereby protecting the purity and prestige of the nation, as well as the profitability of the national brand. The next chapter will then turn its attention to FIFA's proposed 6+5 policy, arguing that the rule is an institutional effort by FIF A to constrain and control the traditional structure of football in order to preserve the profitability of its highly "mediated and commodified spectacle" (Sugden and Tomlinson, Contest 231) as well as assert its authority and autonomy in the global realm. The third chapter will assess the English Premier League's home-grown policy - an apparent legislative imitation of the FIF A 6+5 initiative. I will argue that the home-grown policy is a strategic measure intent on reproducing a "white, male English" identity (King 170) as a means of strengthening the "English" presence within both the league and the national squad.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Processing and Properties of Biodegradable Polymer Blends Based on Gelatinized Potato Starch

contributor:
Hrymak, Andrew
Liu, Qiang
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
The development of environmental friendly polymers from renewable resources, specifically for short term packaging and disposable applications, has been recognized as an important alternative to synthetic polymer based packaging materials. In this work, we focus particularly on the use of potato starch, because there is a significantly large by-product stream of potato starch from potato waste after food processing in Canada.

Poor processability and flowability are the main restrictions against the application of starch in granular form. Hence, thermoplastic starch (TPS) has been developed using starch in the presence of water and other plasticizers (e.g. glycerol) typically by using heat and shear. A microcompounder extruder was used for blending TPS, with an injection molding machine to prepare samples for testing. The sample test results show that TPS has severe limitations due to poor mechanical properties and high water sensitivity.

To overcome the mentioned weaknesses, while maintaining material biodegradability, one method is to blend TPS with a high performance biodegradable polymer. Poly lactic acid (PLA) was added to TPS to improve the mechanical properties. The addition of PLA improved mechanical properties and reduced water sensitivity. In order to improve the compatibility between the main phases in the blend, maleic anhydride (MA) was grafted unto PLA as a reactive compatibilizer.

Other methods to improve hydrophobocity and reduce water uptake were also investigated. Natural fiber reinforced TPS biocomposites were processed in order to improve blend performance and water sensitivity. For this purpose, sisal fiber was added to the TPS and TPS/PLA blends, and had major effects on the blend properties.

The addition of paraffin wax was also investigated. The incorporation of paraffin wax also reduced the water sensitivity of the samples significantly and improved the mechanical properties compared to TPS only samples.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Recovery of Compressive Sensed Images With Piecewise Autoregressive Modeling

contributor:
Wu, Xiaolin
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: This thesis concerns with recovery of compressive sampled images. Since many natural signals such as images are non-stationary, the sparse space varies in time/spatial domain. Therefore, compressive sensing (CS) recovery should be carried on locally adaptive, signal-dependent spaces to answer the fact that the CS measurements are not dependant to the signal structures. Existing CS reconstruction algorithms use fixed basis such as wavelets and DCT for the signals. To address this problem, we proposed new technique for model guided adaptive recovery of compressive sensing. The proposed algorithms are based on two dimensional piecewise autoregressive model and can adaptively recover compressive sampled images. In addition, proposed algorithms offer a powerful mechanism to characterize structured sparsity of natural images. This mechanism greatly restricts the CS solution space. Simulation results show the preeminent effect of our algorithms in the recovery of wide range of natural images. In average our best algorithm improves the reconstruction quality of existing CS methods by 2dB.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Urban Food Production: A Prototype Decision Support System

contributor:
Baetz, Brian W.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
Southern Ontario residents are faced with many challenging decisions when growing their own food. The intention of my research is to help these urban residents plan their garden plot in order to yield food for their own use. The form of this research will be a thesis incorporating a decision support system (DSS). This DSS is intended to take in and determine relevant site characteristics (latitude, sun/shade conditions) and use this information to help the user choose a variety of vegetables and herbs. Users will have the option of making a simplified model of their property and nearby structures for shade analysis, and with the results select an appropriate area(s) of their land. This DSS will give the user the freedom to pick vegetables based on conditions and preferences and give graphical and tabular output of the garden layout and details.

The objectives of this thesis is to present the why, what, who, where, and how of going beyond local food production for urban consumption to urban citizens growing their own food for themselves. This food can be consumed but also used as a currency with which to barter for other yard produce from neighbours or community members. One could imagine having a bartering relationship with a neighbour or having a weekly or monthly food market to facilitate bartering. This DSS is intended to be one of the building blocks of a food network DSS, which would be used to increase the efficiency of sharing food produced in urban residential gardens (that have been planned using the following DSS prototype).

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Stability of Thin Pipes with an Internal Flow

contributor:
Weaver, D. S.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
The stability behaviour of a thin clamped-ended pipe with an internal flow is determined. Classical potential flow theory is used to determine the unsteady fluid forces and the motion of the pipe is represented by the Flugge-Kempner equation. The solution is obtained using Fourier integral theory and the method of Galerkin.

Theoretical results are compared with experiments as well as previous work.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Decoupling Orbital and Attitude Control of Communications Technology Satellite

contributor:
Sinha, N.K.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
Based on Altman's model, a state model and a measurement model are obtained. Both models are linearized and the linear state variable feedback method is then applied to decouple the linearized system.

Computer programmes for decoupling are written and the results are then discussed.

Suggestions for future work are proposed.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The acute effects of moderate intensity exercise on vascular stiffness in children with repaired coarctation of the aorta

contributor:
MacDonald, Maureen
Kinesiology

subject: Kinesiology Kinesiology

abstract: Some individuals with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) have impaired cardiac and vascular structure and function, despite surgical intervention. Exercise training has been shown to improve cardiovascular structure and function in individuals with acquired heart disease; however, little information exists to inform exercise prescription in individuals with congenital heart abnormalities. Nine children with CoA (7 males, age: 12 ± 3 y) and 9 age and sex matched controls (7 males, age: 11 ± 3 y) completed a 20 minute bout of leg and arm cycling on two separate days at workloads which elicited exercising heart rates which were 50% above resting heart rate. Central arterial stiffness was measured using both carotid distensibility and pulse wave velocity (PWV) before exercise and at 5 and 15 minutes post exercise. At the same time points, upper limb and lower limb arterial stiffness were assessed using PWV. At rest prior to exercise, the CoA group had larger carotid lumen diameters in comparison to controls (p<0.05). Carotid distensibility was not different between the groups at any time point (p>0.05) and did not change in response to either arm or leg exercise (p>0.05). Central PWV was elevated at 5 minutes post arm cycling exercise (main effect for time, p<0.05) but was not different between groups (p>0.05). Central PWV was reduced at 5 and 15 minutes post leg cycling exercise in CoA and did not change in the controls. Non-exercised limb stiffness did not change with arm or leg exercise in either group (p>0.05). Stiffness decreased in the exercised limb following arm exercise (p<0.05) but not leg exercise (p>0.05). There was a significant group difference for slower PWV in the upper limb with arm and leg exercise in repaired CoA group in comparison to controls (p<0.05). Our findings indicate that in contrast to previous reports, children with successfully repaired CoA may not be predisposed to increased arterial stiffness in the large conduit arteries proximal to the coarctation. Furthermore, this group of children with a successful repair of CoA had similar vascular responses to moderate intensity exercise as healthy age and sex matched controls and higher intensity exercise challenges may be needed to reveal divergent vascular responses in these groups.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Die Problematik des Künstlertums in Thomas Manns Tod in Venedig

contributor:
Lawson, J.B.
German

abstract:
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Das Hauptgewicht dieser Arbeit liegt auf der problematischen Charakterbeschaffenheit des Schriftstellers Gustav von Aschenbach und dem inneren Konflikt, der sich für ihn daraus ergibt. Zu diesem Zweck wurde der gesamte Werdegang dieses Künstlers bis zu seinem Tode verfolgt. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daβ die verschiedenen Entwicklungsstufen, die Aschenbachs Charakter sowohl als auch seine Kunst durchlaufen, im Grunde Stationen auf dem vJeg vom Extrem der Geistigkeit zum Extrem der Sinnlichkeit sind. Es wurde gezeigt, daβ Aschenbach für kurze Zeit den vollkommenen Ausgleich der Gegensätze von "Geist und

Sinnlichkeit", eine Art künstlerischen Idealzustand, erreicht; eine wichtige Tatsache, die bisher in der Kritik nur wenig Beachtung fand. Auch wurde der Versuch gemacht, die Funktion des Knaben Tadzio und vor allem die Bedeutung seines Verhältnisses zu Aschenbach, ein allzuoft auf nur-sinnlicher Ebene interpretiertes Verhältnis, zu berichtigen.

Bei diesem Versuch einer Konsequent durchgeführten Interpretation der Künstlerproblematik Aschenbachs wurden, neben der Flut von Sekundärliteratur, vor allem Thomas Manns Äuβerungen über den Beruf des Schriftstellers schlechthin mit herangezogen, was sich als äuβerst erhellend und aufschluβreich erwies.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Adiabatic Transfer of Light in a Double Cavity

contributor:
ODell, Duncan
Shi, An-Chang
Haugen, Harold
Physics and Astronomy

subject: Adiabatic Maxwell Schrodinger Cavity Landau-Zener Light Optics Optics

abstract: The goal of this thesis is to perform a simple theoretical analysis of the problem of two optical cavities coupled by a common mirror which is movable. The mirror position controls the electromagnetic mode structure of the double cavity. Modes can be transferred from one side to the other by moving the mirror, thereby allowing deterministic and on-demand transfer of photons between two cavities. By mapping the Maxwell wave equation onto the Schr\"{o}dinger wave equation, we are able to make use of the Landau-Zener result for the transition probability at an avoided crossing to obtain the conditions for adiabatic transfer.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Satellite cell regulation in response to acute damaging lengthening contraction: Interleukin-6 mediated STAT3 induced proliferation

contributor:
Parise, Gianni
Kinesiology

abstract:
Background: Although the satellite cell (SC) is a key regulator of muscle adaptation following exercise, the regulation of human muscle SC function in response to damaging exercise remains largely unexplored. STAT3 signalling, mediated via interleukin-6 (IL-6), has recently come to the forefront as a potential regulator of SC proliferation. The early response of the SC population in human muscle to muscle-lengthening contractions (MLC) as mediated by STAT3 has not been studied.

Methodology/Principal Findings: Twelve male subjects (21 ± 2 y; 83 ± 12 kg) performed 300 maximal MLC of the quadriceps femoris at a velocity of 180˚·s-1 over a
55° range of motion with muscle samples (vastus lateralis) and blood samples (antecubital vein) taken prior to exercise (PRE), 1 hour (T1), 3 hours (T3) and 24 hours (T24) post-exercise. Cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of muscle biopsies were purified and analyzed for total and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) by western blot. p-STAT3 was detected in cytoplasmic fractions across the time course, peaking at T24 (p<0.01 vs. PRE). Nuclear total and p-STAT3 were not detected at appreciable levels. However, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a progressive increase in the proportion of SCs expressing p-STAT3 with ~60% of all SCs positive for p-STAT3 at T24 (p<0.001 vs. PRE). Additionally, cMYC, a STAT3 downstream gene, was significantly up-regulated in SCs at T24 versus PRE (p<0.05). Whole muscle mRNA analysis revealed induction of the STAT3 target genes 1L-6, SOCS3, cMYC (peaking at T3, p<0.05), IL-6Rα and GP130 (peaking at T24, p<0.05). In addition, MYF5 mRNA was up-regulated at T24 (p<0.05) with no appreciable change in MRF4 mRNA.

Conclusions/Significant Findings: We have demonstrated that IL-6 mediated induction of STAT3 signaling occurred exclusively in the nuclei of SCs in response to MLC. An increase in the number of cMYC+ SCs indicated that human SCs were induced to proliferate under the control of STAT3 signaling.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Electrical Discharge Texturing of Cutting Tools

contributor:
Koshy, Philip
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
During metal removal operations, friction occurs at the interface between the rake face of the cutting tool and the chip. Tool rake face friction adversely influences the chip formation process and consumes about 25% of the total cutting energy. Friction in cutting can be controlled and reduced by introducing a lubricant into the tool-chip interface, however the effectiveness of this is a function of the cutting speed and uncut chip thickness, among other factors. Lubricant penetration was determined in the 1970's to be a result of capillary action through channels resulting in part from the roughness of the tool rake face and the mating chip face. Recent investigations have looked at increasing the penetration and effectiveness of lubrication by engineering the tool surface to promote and retain lubricants by introducing a texture on the tool rake face.

This thesis details methods used for surface engineering the rake face of cutting tools focusing on the novel application of electrical discharge machining (EDM) to obtain the desired texture, with a view to facilitating lubricant penetration and retention. A significant enhancement in machining performance consequent to such tool face texturing is demonstrated. The functionality of such surfaces is discussed as well as the texturing process, application areas and limitations.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Verification and Refinement Theory of Action Inheritance for Concurrent Objects

contributor:
Sekerinski, Emil
Computing and Software

subject:
Computer Sciences
Software Engineering
Computer Sciences

abstract: Lime is an action-based concurrent object-oriented programming language. Lime treats concurrency and object-orientation as a single concern and encapsulates concurrent features within objects. In Lime objects, concurrency is expressed with guarded methods and actions. Inheritance is a characteristic feature of object-oriented programming languages. Lime supports inheritance of methods. In this thesis we extend class inheritance in Lime to include inheritance of actions. This ensures that autonomous behavior of the class is also inherited. Class inheritance also aids in verification and refinement of classes. We establish class refinement rules for class inheritance. When these rules are satisfied, the subclass is a subtype as well as a refinement of the parent class. Lime uses modules as a means to define classes in terms of action systems. In our research, we extend the modules to support class inheritance. In this extended form, class modularization is useful for verification and class refinement. Concurrent object-oriented programming languages are affected by the Inheritance Anomaly - a conflict between inheritance and concurrency. We show that Lime's support for atomicity of methods and actions up to method calls allows our model of classes' inheritance to avoid the problem of the Inheritance Anomaly.

abstract: Master of Computer Science (MCS)


title: The Concept of Secrecy in the Hodayot

contributor:
Sanders, E.P.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
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This thesis translates and critically examines passages from the Hodayot or Hymns Scroll of Qumran in order to show that vital aspects of sectarian thought and self understanding are expressed by means of the concept of secrecy.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Theology of Grace in Saiva Siddhanta, in the Light of Umapati Sivacharya's Tiruarutpayan

contributor:
Sivaraman, K.
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The thesis is the outcome of a sustained exegesis of the Tiruarutpayan, a theological writing in Tamil by the thirteenth century Saivite theologian Umapati Sivācharya. The thesis begins with a brief statement of the background of the Tiruarutpayan, with special reference to the Saivite saints whose experience of grace formed the experiential groundwork for Umapati's theology. Next the general framework of Saiva Siddhanta belief is set forth in the light of Umapati's collection of Saiva agamas, the Satratanasangraha. The remainder of the work is a detailed study of Saiva Siddhanta grace doctrine, with special emphasis on the ideas of concealed and revealed grace, karma and maya as adjuncts of grace, the role of guru, and the nature of the awakening of the soul.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Optical Spectroscopy of URu2Si2 A Search for New Features

contributor:
Timusk, T.
Physics and Astronomy

abstract:
In the past, optical measurements of single crystals have provided insights into phase transitions, the structure and symmetry of the superconducting gap and many other phenomena. Competing groups are perpetually trying to improve the accuracy of measurements to contribute to the understanding of the materials they study. Recent improvements at McMaster included the installation of a translating stage that allowed for submillimeter control of sample position, the measurement of several samples in one experiment, and measurements at temperatures of 10 - 300 K. The stage was attached to an external sample chamber on a spectrometer that can be used to measure frequencies from 20 to 38,000 cm-1. The new sample stage was used in measurements of the reflectance spectra of a single crystal URu2Si2 sample. The reflectance measurements were used to calculate the absolute reflectance and optical conductivity.

It was observed that for temperatures below 50 K at frequencies below 100 cm-1 , the reflectance appeared to have a parabolic trend. A linear regression was used to fit the absolute reflectance measured by Dr. Angel (2010) in order to determine the numeric values of the parabolic model with the best fit data. The regression gave the optimized equation: P = 0.9872 - 8.0279E-6*ω2 with a regression coefficient of 0.8417. This showed that over 84% of the variability in the data was accounted for by the model. This model was used to calculate the absolute reflectance from the thermal reflectance data at 3 K collected by Dr. Angel (2010) and was shown to have a standard deviation of ±0.011. The result was called the "refined" absolute reflectance, and the refining method was repeated on the thermal reflectance measurements conducted by Dr. Nagel's group.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: A Comparison of Biocolloid and Colloid Transport in Single, Saturated Rock Fractures

contributor:
Dickson, Sarah E.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
To obtain a better understanding of groundwater contamination, experiments of biocolloid and colloid transport in single, saturated fractures are conducted to have research in contaminants transport in fractured media. Hydraulic tests and solute tracer tests were conducted to characterize fractures. Due to the relatively large volume in the recirculation system, a back-calculation is employed in the analysis of tracer tests.

E. coli RS-2GFP tracer tests were conducted on three fractures at specific discharges of 0.1, 1 and 10 cm/min. With higher specific discharges, the percent recovery is higher in F2 and F3, as well as the colloid experiments, which is likely due to higher specific discharges providing biocolloids less opportunity to attach to the fracture walls. But this did not occur in F1, which is likely due to the smaller aperture size.

Comparing the synthetic replicas with real fractures in similar specific discharges, recovery of biocolloid was smaller than colloid. In colloid tracer tests, higher recovery appeared in the fractures with larger aperture field, but this is not clearly seen in biocolloid tracer tests. These indicate that the biological properties of bacteria, and the difference of fracture region and the tortuosity influence the transport.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Testing an assumed distribution

contributor:
Tiku, M.L.
Statistics

subject:
Applied Statistics
Applied Statistics

abstract: Testing for an assumed distribution has been a major area of statistical research, both in theory and in practice. A reason for this interest is that many statistical procedures are based on certain distributional assumptions. Two new statistics, BN and BL, are suggested in this thesis for testing for normal and logistic distributions. The formulation of these statistics is based on the best linear unbiased estimator of the population scale parameter δ, using order statistics. The distributions of BN and BL tend to normal very rapidly, effectively for sample size n ≥ 20. In general, BN and BL have good power properties. They are particularly sensitive in testing against skew distributions or symmetric distributions with large kurtosis. The power of BN is comparable with other available test-statistics.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Experimental Study of Unbonded Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings

contributor:
Tait, Michael J.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
Multilayer elastomeric bearings are a type of seismic isolation device that mitigates seismic damage by lengthening the fundamental period of a low-rise structure. Carbon fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) have been identified as a cost effective alternative to bearings reinforced with steel shims. The stable unbonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator (SU-FREI) is an evolution of the FREI. In an attempt to reduce costs even further, FREI bearings of a specific aspect ratio and shape factor have been investigated in an unbonded application with successful results. SU-FREI bearings have shown potential as a viable solution for a more affordable and efficient method of seismic base isolation. Several experimental test procedures were employed in this thesis to further investigate the performance of SU-FREI bearings.

The first objective of this research was to compare the dynamic properties of unscragged SU-FREI bearings at parallel and diagonal orientations. Square 1/4 scale SU-FREI bearings were subjected to cyclic excitation under design axial load at 0° (parallel) and 45° (diagonal) orientations. Square SU-FREI bearings achieved acceptable base isolation characteristics at both orientations despite subtle differences in their mechanical properties. Stable rollover (SR) deformation was observed for both orientations.

The stability of SU-FREI bearings under dynamic excitation was the next topic investigated in this thesis. To achieve this, 1/4 scale square SU-FREI bearings were subjected to cyclic testing under incrementally increasing lateral displacement amplitudes and axial loads. It was found that the critical buckling load under dynamic excitation decreases with increasing lateral excitation amplitude. SU-FREI bearings exhibited acceptable performance at axial loads well in excess of expected design axial loads.

In addition, an ultimate shear properties test was performed in order to investigate rollout instability in SU-FREI bearings. Rollout was not observed in bearings tested in this study. Test results did however highlight the stiffening effect of vertical facial contact throughout roll over deformation.

Finally, SU-FREI bearings underwent cyclic testing under serviceability and fatigue conditions. Serviceability tests were performed on 1/4 scale SU-FREI bearings at lateral displacement amplitudes corresponding to those expected from a 1 in 10 year return period wind pressure. Fatigue testing was performed on 1/4 scale bearings at a lateral displacement amplitude equal to the total design displacement (DTD) as required by ASCE 7-05. SU-FREI bearings displayed adequate scragged performance under both serviceability and fatigue testing. Both effective stiffness and damping remained within acceptable limits throughout these tests.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)