title: American Desi : representation and reproduction in diaspora /

subject:
American Desi (Motion picture)
Bollywood/Hollywood (Motion picture)
East is East (Motion picture)
Asian diaspora.
Asians in motion pictures.
South Asians in motion pictures.

abstract:
This study explores ~ow South Asian diasporic film represents and reproduces
South Asian identity in the diaspora. It commences with a review of the literature in
cultural studies and post-colonial theory on identity in the diaspora. A textual analysis of
three films: American Desi, Bollywood/Hollywood, and East Is East, helps frame the
characteristics of South Asian diasporic film. Theoretical concepts of diaspora and
identity are extended to this reading of the films. In-depth, open-ended, semi structured
interviews were conducted with eight participants to test the validity of theoretical
concepts through participants' own reading of American Desi. Findings indicate that
while theoretical concepts of identity can be usefully applied at the level of the text, these
perspectives do not always easily explain participants' interpretation of the film in
relation to their everyday experiences.


title: Kierkegaardian intersubjectivity and the question of ethics and responsibility

subject:
Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Intersubjectivity.
Self (Philosophy)
Ethics, Modern
Philosophy and religion.

abstract:
Kierkegaardian Intersubjectivity and the Question of Ethics and Responsibility
By Kevin Krumrei.
Kierkegaard's contributions to philosophy are generally admitted and recognized
as valuable in the history of Western philosophy, both as one of the great anti-Hegelians,
as the founder (arguably) of existentialism, and as a religious thinker. However valid this
may be, there is similarly a generally admitted critique of Kierkegaard in the Western
tradition, that Kierkegaard's philosophy of the development of the self leads the
individual into an isolated encounter with God, to the abandonment of the social context.
In other words, a Kierkegaardian theory of intersubjectivity is a contradiction in terms.
This is voiced eloquently by Emmanuel Levinas, among others. However, Levinas' own
intersubjective ethics bears a striking resemblance to Kierkegaard's, with respect to the
description and formulation of the basic problem for ethics: the problem of aesthetic
egoism. Further, both Kierkegaard and Levinas follow similar paths in responding to the
problem, from Kierkegaard's reduplication in Works of Love, to Levinas' notion of
substitution in Otherwise than Being. In this comparison, it becomes evident that
Levinas' reading of Kierkegaard is mistaken, for Kierkegaard's intersubjective ethics
postulates, in fact, the inseparability and necessity of the self s responsible relation to
others in the self s relation to God, found in the command, "you shall love your
neighbour as yourself."


title: Disabled legislators : disability and Irish colonial pathology in James Joyce's Ulysses

subject:
Joyce, James, 1882-1941
Joyce, James, 1882-1941
Politics and literature
Literature and history

abstract:
Why are there so many disabled characters in James Joyce's Ulysses? "Disabled
Legislators" seeks to answer this question by exploring the variety and depth of
disability's presence in Joyce's novel. This consideration also recognizes the unique
place disability finds within what Lennard Davis calls "the roster of the disenfranchised"
in order to define Joyce as possessing a "disability consciousness;" that is, an empathetic
understanding (given his own eye troubles) of the damaged lives of the disabled, the
stigmatization of the disabled condition, and the appropriation of disabled representations
by literary works reinforcing normalcy. The analysis of four characters (Gerty
MacDowell, the blind stripling, the onelegged sailor, and Stephen Dedalus) treats
disability as a singular self-concept, while still making necessary associations to
comparably created marginal identities-predominantly the colonial Other. This effort
reevaluates how Ulysses operates in opposition to liberal Victorian paradigms,
highlighting disability's connections to issues of gender, intolerance, self-identification
and definition.


title: Salivary testosterone and cortisol : role of athletic setting, game outcome, and game location /

subject:
Sports
Sports
Hormones
Hormones
Endocrine glands
Exercise

abstract:
Many studies investigating the relationship between hormones and
competition have focused on athletic competition. The athletic setting enables
r
researchers to investigate the hormone-behaviour relationship in a relatively
controlled environment. However, research to date has been based on observations
made from single status contests and/or weekend tournaments and as such, does not
provide a clear picture of an individual's average hormonal responses to both victory
and defeat.
In appreciation of this limitation, the current study tracked elite hockey
players throughout a hockey season, measuring pre- and post-game salivary
testosterone and Cortisol as well as psychological measures. I was interested in
determining whether status outcome (win vs. loss) would influence an individual's
testosterone and Cortisol responses to competition. Furthermore, I was also interested
in assessing whether testosterone and Cortisol responses were specific to the
competitive environment or whether similar hormonal responses would occur during
non-competitive practice sessions. Last, I was interested in whether there were any
differences in pre-game hormonal and psychological states depending on where the
status contest was held: home versus away.
The results indicated that game outcome moderated the testosterone responses
to competition. That is, testosterone increased significantly more after a victory
compared to a defeat. Furthermore, a loss of status produced significantly hreports, the players did not show an anticipatory rise in either Cortisol or testosterone
prior to competition.
In addition to the effects of status outcome on hormonal levels, it was also
found that these hormonal responses were specific to competition. The athletes in the
current study did not demonstrate any hormonal responses to the practice sessions.
Last, there were significant differences in pre-game testosterone as well as in selfconfidence,
cognitive, and somatic anxiety levels depending on the location at which
the status contest took place. Pre-game testosterone and self-confidence levels were
significantly higher prior to games played in the home venue. In contrast, pre-game
somatic and cognitive anxiety levels were significantly higher prior to games played
in the away venue.
The current findings add to the developing literature on the relationship
between hormones and competition. This was the first study to detect a moderating
effect of status outcome on testosterone responses in a team sport. Furthermore, this
was also the first study in humans to demonstrate that post-contest Cortisol levels
were significantly higher after a loss of status. Last, the current study also adds to the
sport psychology literature by demonstrating that pre-game psychological variables
differ depending on where the status contest is being held: higher self-confidence at
home and higher somatic and cognitive anxiety away. Taken together, the results
from the current thesis may have important practical relevance to coaches, trainers
and sport psychologists who are always trying to find ways to maximize performance.
post-game Cortisol levels than did an increase in status. In contrast to previous


title: Testing the IZOF directionality model in a team sport

subject:
Arousal (Physiology)
Sports


title: On the edge : exploring homeless women's social networks

contributor: Social Justice and Equity Studies Program

subject:
Homeless women.
Homeless women

abstract:
This thesis aims to uncover the ways that previously homeless women in the
Niagara region are able (or unable) to rely on friends, family and service providers in
times of crisis (homelessness and poverty). Eleven women were interviewed and their
experiences indicate that social networks cannot take the place of comprehensive and
inclusive social policy. Time and time again, their stories showed that they were left
negotiating the detritus of neo-liberal policies.


title: Six-month outcomes of a multi-campus smoking cessation contest

subject:
Smoking cessation.
Tobacco use
College students

abstract:
Background: Up to 40% of North American post-secondary students smoke at least
occasionally, and most want to quit. Given students' preferences for free, easy-to-access,
self-directed, convenient cessation methods, a motivational, incentive-based cessation
contest may be an effective way to assist students to quit. The current study describes 3-
and 6-month outcomes experienced by post-secondary student smokers who entered the
'Let's Make A Deal!' contest.
Methodology: Contestants from five university campuses who chose to quit completely
('Quit For Good') or reduce their tobacco consumption by 50% ('Keep The Count') were
invited to participate in a study of the contest. Three and six months after registration,
participants were contacted by phone to assess their smoking and quitting behaviours.
Qualitative and quantitative measures were collected, including weekly tobacco
consumption, efficacy to resist temptations to smoke, use of quitting aids, and strategies
to cope with withdrawal. Quitting was assessed using 7-day point prevalence and
continuous abstinence.
Results: Seventy-four (64.9%) of the 114 participants recruited for the study completed
the follow-ups. Over 31 % of participants who entered Quit For Good and 23.5% of
participants who entered Keep The Count were identified as quitters at the 6-month
follow-up. Among the quitters, 45.5% experienced sustained abstinence from smoking
for the 6-month duration of the study. Keep The Count contestants reduced their tobacco
consumption by 57.2% at 3-month follow-up and sustained some of this reduction
through to the 6-month follow-up. Qualitative data provides insights into how quitters
coped with withdrawal and what hampered continuing smokers' efforts to quit.
Significance: A motivational, incentive-based contest for post-secondary students can
facilitate both smoking cessation and harm reduction. The contest environment,
incentives, resources, and "buddies" provide positive structural and social supports to
help smokers overcome potential barriers to quitting, successfully stop smoking, and
manage potential triggers to relapse. The contest cessation rates are higher than the
typical 5-7% associated with unassisted quitting.


title: Social physique anxiety across physical activity settings : a meta-analytical review

subject:
Social phobia
Anxiety
Physical education facilities
Sports facilities
Self-presentation.

abstract:
The purpose of this meta-analytic investigation was to review the empirical evidence
specific to the effect of physical activity context on social physique anxiety (SP A).
English language studies were located from computer and manual literature searches. A
total of 146 initial studies were coded. Studies included in the meta-analysis presented at
least one empirical effect for SPA between physical activity participants (i.e., athletes or
exercisers) and non-physical activity participants. The final sample included thirteen
studies, yielding 14 effect sizes, with a total sample size of 2846. Studies were coded for
mean SPA between physical activity participants and non-physical activity participants.
Moderator variables related to demographic and study characteristics were also coded.
Using Hunter and Schmidt's (2004) protocol, statistical artifacts were corrected. Results
indicate that, practically speaking, those who were physically active reported lower levels
of SPA than the comparison group (dcorr = -.12; SDeorr.-=-;22). Consideration of the
magnitude of the ES, the SDeorr, and confidence interval suggests that this effect is not
statistically significant. While most moderator analyses reiterated this trend, some
differences were worth noting. Previous research has identified SPA to be especially
salient for females compared to males, however, in the current investigation, the
magnitude of the ES' s comparing physical activity participants to the comparison group
was similar (deorr = -.24 for females and deorr = -.23 for males). Also, the type of physical
activity was investigated, and results showed that athletes reported lower levels of SP A
than the comparison group (deorr = -.19, SDeorr = .08), whereas exercisers reported higher
levels of SPA than the comparison group (deorr = .13, SDeorr = .22). Results demonstrate
support for the dispositional nature of SP A. Consideration of practical significance suggests that those who are involved in physical activity may experience slightly lower
levels of SPA than those not reporting physical activity participation. Results potentially
offer support for the bi-directionality of the relationship between physical activity and
SP A; however, a causality may not be inferred. More information about the type of
physical activity (i.e., frequency/nature of exercise behaviour, sport classificationllevel of
athletes) may help clarify the role of physical activity contexts on SPA.


title: Youth's experiences of motivation in school physical education and sport

subject:
Physical education and training
Physical education and training

abstract:
This study's objective was to examine how thirteen year-old females perceive and
describe their lived experiences of being physically active in school PE (physical
education) and organized youth sport settings through a self-determination theory (Deci
& Ryan, 1985) lens. Motivational factors and links between both settings were discussed
with five participants using in-depth interviews. Participants discussed factors that
facilitated and disrupted their motivation to be active in PE and sport settings. The selfdetermination
theory was used as a framework in this qualitative study and results are
based on participants' own words and perspectives. Results indicate that participants'
positive experiences in school PE and organized sport have the potential to meet their
needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness. The autonomy supportive behaviours of
social agents, feeling challenged and successful at activities and the strong relationships
formed in both settings are all things that motivated young people in this study to
continue being physically active throughout high-school and into adulthood.


title: Locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference for amphetamine in late adolescent and adult male and female rats /

subject:
Amphetamines
Animal behavior.
Behavioral assessment.
Musculoskeletal system.

abstract:
reports, the players did not show an anticipatory rise in either Cortisol or testosterone
prior to competition.
In addition to the effects of status outcome on hormonal levels, it was also
found that these hormonal responses were specific to competition. The athletes in the
current study did not demonstrate any hormonal responses to the practice sessions.
Last, there were significant differences in pre-game testosterone as well as in selfconfidence,
cognitive, and somatic anxiety levels depending on the location at which
the status contest took place. Pre-game testosterone and self-confidence levels were
significantly higher prior to games played in the home venue. In contrast, pre-game
somatic and cognitive anxiety levels were significantly higher prior to games played
in the away venue.
The current findings add to the developing literature on the relationship
between hormones and competition. This was the first study to detect a moderating
effect of status outcome on testosterone responses in a team sport. Furthermore, this
was also the first study in humans to demonstrate that post-contest Cortisol levels
were significantly higher after a loss of status. Last, the current study also adds to the
sport psychology literature by demonstrating that pre-game psychological variables
differ depending on where the status contest is being held: higher self-confidence at
home and higher somatic and cognitive anxiety away. Taken together, the results
from the current thesis may have important practical relevance to coaches, trainers
and sport psychologists who are always trying to find ways to maximize performance. the cycle. The sex-specific age differences in locomotor responses to amphetamine are
not due to gonadal immaturity, as females are cycling at this stage of adolescence.
However, age differences may reflect the ongoing maturation of the neural substrates that
that are involved in locomotor sensitizing, but not rewarding effects of amphetamine.


title: Melting the matrices : structure, anti-structure, and the emerging conversation /

subject: Community churches

abstract:
This thesis investigates two cases of Christian churches, which as
a part of their mission seek to accommodate people who would
otherwise not be interested in church. One of these communities
consider themselves a part of the global 'emerging church'
movement, and the other does not. I argue that both communities
are employing what I call 'de-compartmentalization' strategy in
order to adopt a pragmatic relationship with social and political
issues. Furthermore I discuss the case of the emerging church
community as an example of 'paraliminal community '; a concept I
develop from the work of Victor Turner and Arnold van Gennep.


title: The coach-athlete relationship in university female team sports : perceptions of moral agency and ethical considerations

subject:
Coach-athlete relationships.
Agent (Philosophy).


title: Rights jurisprudence and the charter : evaluating the changing structure of Canadian federalism /

subject:
Canada.
Civil rights
Federal government
Jurisprudence

abstract:
Abstract . Rights jiirisprudence in Canada dates back as far as Confederation in
1867. Between this date and 1982, the organizing principle of Confederation -
federalism - has kept this jurisprudence solely within the supremacy of
Parliament, subject to its confines and division of powers. After 1982, however, a
new constitutional organizing principle was introduced, when Prime Minister
Pierre Trudeau introduced the patriation initiative, touted as the "people's
package". Individual rights and freedoms were now guaranteed by the
Constitution. Citizens of Canada now had a direct link to the Constitution via the
Charter and there were now two significantly different organizing principles
within the constitutional order widch created an unstable coexistence. This
instability has led to a clash between judicially enforced Charter rights and
federalism. The Charter has since had both a nationalizing and centralizing
effect on Canadian federalism.
This thesis explores the relationship between rights and federalism in Canada
fix)m Confederation to present day by comparing the jurisprudence of pre and post
Charter Canada. An analysis of Supreme Court's (and its predecessor's, the
JCPC) decisions shows the profound effect the Charter has had on Canadian
federalism. The result has been an undermining of federalism in Canada, with
Parliamentary Supremacy replaced by Constitutional supremacy, and ultimately.
Judicial Supremacy. Moreover, rights discourse has largely replaced federalism
discourse. Canadians have become very attached to their Charter, and are
unwilling to allow any changes to the constitution that may affect their rights as
political elites discovered the hard way after the collapse of the Meech and
Charlottetown Accords. If federalism is to remain a relevant and viable
organizing principle in the Constitution, then governments, especially at the
provincial level, must find new and iimovative ways to assert their importance
within the federation.


title: Graffiti, memory and contested space : mnemonic initiatives following trauma and/or repression in Buenos Aires, Argentina

subject:
Political persecution
Graffiti
Traumatic shock
Victims of state-sponsored terrorism

abstract:
Graffiti, Memory and Contested Space: Mnemonic Initiatives Following Periods of
Trauma and/or Repression in Buenos Aires, Argentina
This thesis concerns the popular articulation ofmemory following periods or
incidents of trauma in Argentina. I am interested in how groups lay claim to various
public spaces in the city and how they convert these spaces into mnemonic battlegrounds.
In considering these spaces of trauma and places of memory, I am primarily interested in
how graffiti writing (stencils, spray-paint, signatures, etchings, wall-paintings, murals and
installations) is used to make these spaces transmit particular memories that impugn
official versions of the past.
This thesis draws on literatures focused on popular/public memory. Scholars
argue that memory is socially constructed and thus actively contested. Marginal
initiatives such as graffiti writing challenge the memory projects of the state as well as
state projects that are perceived by citizens to be 'inadequate,' 'inappropriate,' and/or as
promoting the erasure of memory. Many of these initiatives are a reaction to the proreconciliation
and pro-oblivion strategies of previous governments. I outline that the
history of silences and impunity, and a longstanding emphasis on reconciliation at the
expense of truth and justice has created an environment of vulnerable memory in
Argentina. Popular memory entrepreneurs react by aggressively articulating their
memories in time and in space. As a result of this intense memory work, the built
landscape in Buenos Aires is dotted with mnemonic initiatives that aim to contradict or
subvert officially sanctioned memories. I also suggest that memory workers in Argentina
persistently and carefially use the sites of trauma as well as key public spaces to ensure
official as well as popular audiences .
The data for this project was collected in five spaces in Buenos Aires, the Plaza
de Mayo, Plaza Congreso, La Republica Cromanon nightclub, Avellaneda Train Station
and El Olimpo, a former detention centre from the military dictatorship.


title: The essence of a tacit intersection : a heuristic inquiry into nature-based leisure and personal transformation

subject:
Leisure
Outdoor recreation.

abstract:
There are a considerable number of programs and agencies that count on the
existence of a unique relationship between nature and human development. In addition, there
are significant bodies of literature dedicated to understanding developmentally focused
nature-based experiences. This research project was designed to flirther the understanding of
this phenomenon. Consequently, the purpose of this research endeavour was to discover the
essence ofthe intersection ofpersonal transformation and nature-based leisure, culminating
in a rich and detailed account of this otherwise tacit phenomenon. As such, this research built
on the assumption of this beneficial intersection of nature and personal transformation and
contributes to the understanding ofhow this context is supporting or generating of selfactualization
and positive development. Heuristic methods were employed because
heuristics is concerned with the quality and essence of an experience, not causal relationships
(Moustakas, 1990). Heuristic inquiry begins with the primary researcher and her personal
experience and knowledge of the phenomenon. This study also involved four other coresearchers
who had also experienced this phenomenon intensely. Co-researchers were
found through purposeful and snowball sampling. Rich narrative descriptions of their
experiences were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, and artifact
elicitation was employed as a means to get at co-researchers' tacit knowledge. Each coresearcher
was interviewed twice (the first interview focused on personal transformation, the
second on nature) for approximately four and a half hours in total. Transcripts were read
repeatedly to discern patterns that emerged from the study of the narratives and were coded
accordingly. Individual narratives were consolidated to create a composite narrative of the
experience. Finally, a creative synthesis was developed to represent the essence of this tacit experience. In conclusion the essence of the intersection of nature-based leisure and personal
transformation was found to lie in the convergence of the lived experience of authenticity.
The physical environment of nature was perceived and experienced to be a space and context
of authenticity, leisure experiences were experienced as an engagement of authenticity, and
individuals themselves encountered a true or authentic self that emanated from within. The
implications of these findings are many, offering suggestions, considerations and
implications from reconsidered approaches to environmental education to support for selfdirected
human development.


title: The physiology of inscription : Foucault's genealogy as curative science

subject:
Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984.
Genealogy (Philosophy).

abstract:
In ''Nietzsche, Genealogy, History," Foucault suggests that genealogy is a sort of
"curative science." The genealogist must be a physiologist and a pathologist as well as an
historian, for his task is to decipher the marks that power relations and historical events leave on
the subjugated body; "he must be able to diagnose the illnesses of the body, its conditions of
weakness and strength, its breakdowns and resistances, to be in a position to judge philosophical
discourse." But this claim seems to be incongruent with another major task of genealogy. After
all, genealogy is supposed to show us that the things we take to be absolute are in fact
discontinuous and historically situated: "Nothing in man-not even his body-is sufficiently
stable to serve as the basis for self-recognition or for understanding other men." If this is true,
then the subjugated body can never be restored to a healthy state because it has no essential or
original nature. There are no universal standards by which we can even distinguish between
healthy and unhealthy bodies. So in what sense is genealogy to be a "curative science"?
In my thesis, I try to elucidate the complex relationship between genealogy and the body.
I argue that genealogy can be a curative science even while it "multiplies our body and sets it
against itself." Ifwe place a special emphasis on the role that transgression plays in Foucault's
genealogical works, then the healthy body is precisely the body that resists universal standards
and classifications. If genealogy is to be a curative science, then it must restore to the subjugated
body an "identity" that transgresses its own limits and that constitutes itself, paradoxically, in the
very effacement of identity.
In the first chapter of my thesis, I examine the body's role as "surface of the inscription
of events." Power relations inscribe on and around the body an identity or subjectivity that
appears to be unified and universal, but which is in fact disparate and historically situated. The
"subjected" body is the sick and pathologically weak body. In Chapters 2 and 3, I describe how
it is possible for the unhealthy body to become healthy by resisting the subjectivity that has been
inscribed upon it. Chapter 4 explains how Foucault's later works fit into this characterization of
genealogy


title: Monstrum : the vampire in the detective story /

subject:
Vampires in literature.
Detective and mystery stories.

abstract:
My approach to the vampire detective highlights its connections to the private detective's
story and reveals the monstrous investigators' debt to early feminist forms of detection -specifically
in their reformation of the' other' and of traditional forms of power and
authority. Seen in this light the movement of horror's imaginary 'other' into the rational
world of detection can be seen as not an abrupt breach of detection's realist conventions,
but an almost seamless transition into symbolic spaces that point to the detective's
primary function -- to make sense of the senseless. It is in this light that I explore the
monster that is a detective as a symbol that is also a sense-maker, and a quintessential
postmodern figure.
I argue that the distinctions between monsters and 'others', and between popular
narratives and postmodern religion have faded, culminating in a character that can not
only model 'otherness' as an exemplary condition, but also provide strategies for
modeling the form of active postmodern subjectivity that postmodern theorist Jim
Collins' (1989) conceives of as heretical activity.


title: A dose-response investigation of the attentional blink during sleep restriction /

subject:
Sleep
Sleep deprivation

abstract:
Recent dose-response sleep restriction studies, in which nightly sleep is curtailed to varying
degrees (e.g., 3-, 5-, 7-hours), have found cumulative, dose-dependent changes in sleepiness,
mood, and reaction time. However, brain activity has typically not been measured, and attentionbased
tests employed tend to be simple (e.g., reaction time). One task addressing the behavioural
and electrophysiological aspects of a specific attention mechanism is the Attentional Blink (AB),
which shows that the report accuracy of a second target (T2) is impaired when it is presented
soon after a first target (Tl). The aim of the present study was to examine behavioural and
electrophysioiogical responses to the AB task to elucidate how sleep restriction impacts
attentional capacity. Thirty-six young-adults spent four consecutive days and nights in a sleep
laboratory where sleep, food, and activity were controlled. Nightly sleep began with a baseline
sleep (8 hours), followed by two nights of sleep restriction (3,5 or 8 hours of sleep), and a
recovery sleep (8 hours). An AB task was administered each day at 11 am. Results from a basic
battery oftests (e.g., sleepiness, mood, reaction time) confirmed the effectiveness of the sleep
restriction manipulation. In terms of the AB, baseline performance was typical (Le., T2 accuracy
impaired when presented soon after Tl); however, no changes in any AB behavioural measures
were observed following sleep restriction for the 3- or 5-hour groups. The only statistically
significant electrophysiological result was a decrease in P300 amplitude (for Tl) from baseline
to the second sleep restriction night for the 3-hour group. Therefore, following a brief, two night
sleep restriction paradigm, brain functioning was impaired for the TI of the AB in the absence of
behavioural deficit. Study limitations and future directions are discussed.


title: The seasons of Zarathustra and their correspondence to the metamorphoses of the spirit

subject: Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 1844-1900.

subject: Metaphor.

abstract:
Nietzsche employed metaphors frequently throughout his works. This is
especially true in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Although this is often aesthetically pleasing,
it can be very difficult for the reader to understand the nuances and interconnections with
the various metaphors. This is generally considered one of the main drawbacks of Thus
Spoke Zarathustra. While it is beautifully written in a style that is incomparable today,
much of what it is attempting to communicate is lost on the reader.
This thesis explores the connection between the metamorphoses of the spirit and
the seasons in Thus'Spoke Zarathustra, with the camel spirit corresponding to autumn,
the lion spirit with winter, the child spirit with spring, and finally the Overman with
summer. Although the Overman is not included among the three metamorphoses of the
spirit, it will be argued that the Overman is a separate metamorphosis and must not be
conflated with the child spirit despite their similarities. While Thus Spoke Zarathustra
will be the primary text used, Nietzsche's other works will be employed to demonstrate
that this connection between the metamorphoses of the spirit and the seasons runs
through much of his thought.
By demonstrating how the seasons are used in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, a deeper
understanding of the work will be revealed. Further, this thesis will demonstrate that it is
an intentional connection, and not merely coincidental or something that has been
constructed and imposed upon the work.
Bringing this correspondence between the metamorphoses of the spirit and the
seasons to light will result in the need to rethink particular notions of Nietzsche's
philosophy. The most apparent involves the Overman and the process of overcoming.
Although the Overman has often been viewed as "the end" in the cycle of
metamorphoses, it will be argued that this is not the case. The typical interpretation of
the metamorphoses of the spirit regard it as a linear progression; however, it will be
shown that the metamorphoses of the spirit is cyclical with the camel, lion, and child
spirits endlessly repeating, much like the seasons.


title: Personality traits and personal values : an investigation into the importance of each in the prediction of behaviour /

subject:
Personality.
Values
Human behavior.

abstract:
Personality traits and personal values are two important domains of individual
differences. Traits are enduring and distinguishable patterns of behaviour whereas values
are societally taught, stable, individual preferences that guide behaviour in order to reach
a specific end state. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relations
between self and peer report within the domains of personality traits and values, to
examine the correlations between values and traits, and to explore the amount of
incremental validity of traits and values in predicting behaviour. Two hundred and fiftytwo
men and women from a university setting completed self and peer reports on three
questionnaires. In order to assess personality traits, the HEXACO-PI (Lee & Ashton,
2004) was used to identify levels of 6 major dimensions of personality in participants. To
assess values, the Schwartz Value Survey (Schwartz, 1992) was used to identify the
importance each participant placed on each of Schwartz's 10 value types. To measure
behaviour, a Behavior Scale, created by Bardi and Schwartz (2003), consisting of items
designed to measure the frequency of value-expressive behaviour was used. As expected,
correlations between self and peer reports for the personality scales were high indicating
that personality traits are easily observable to other people. Correlations between self and
peer reports for the values and behaviour scales were only moderate, suggesting that
some goals, and behaviours expressive of those goals, may not always be observable to
others. Consistent with previous research, there were many strong correlations between
traits and values. In addition to the similarities with past research, the present study
found that the personality factor Honesty-Humility was correlated strongly with values
scales (with five correlations exceeding .25). In the prediction of behaviour, it was found
that both personahty and values were able to account for significant and similar amounts
of variance. Personality outpredicted values for some behaviours, but the opposite was
true of other behaviours. Each domain provided incremental validity beyond the other
domain. The impUcations for these findings, along with limitations, and possibilities for
future research are also discussed.


title: Heroes on the home front : heroism and virtue in post-9/11 American cinema /

subject:
War films
Action and adventure films
Patriotism
Heroes in motion pictures.
Motion pictures

abstract:
This thesis is intended to contribute to critical discussion of the American male hero in
mainstream American war and action films post September 11, 2001 . The thesis
investigates how these heroes' behaviour echoes a patriotic, conservative construction of
the modern American as created through speeches given by George W. Bush in the wake
of the events of September 11, 2001 . The thesis examines the hero in six primary
sources: the war films We Were Soldiers, Behind Enemy Lines and The Great Raid and
the action films Collateral Damage, Man on Fire and The Punisher. By analyzing the
ideological subtext, political content, visual strategies and generic implications of the
films, as well as the binary constructions of a selection of Bush speeches, and by
reviewing historical representations of American male heroes on film produced in the
wake of political events, the thesis concludes that the six films mobilize the USA's
conservative viewpoint towards war and military action, and in concert with the speeches,
contribute to an ongoing militarization of visual culture. Both systems echo a dangerous
ideological fantasy of American history, life and patriotism.


title: Bullying as a social process : factors influencing bystander behaviour

subject:
Bullying
Bullying
Bystander effect.
Bullying in schools

abstract:
Bullying was approached as a social phenomenon in the present study. The
central aim of this thesis was to uncover some of the factors that contribute to the attitudes
and behavioural choices of bystanders during bullying situations. With this type of
information, interventions can be tailored to change the behaviour of bystanders during
bullying situations, and thus the ethos of the larger group. Thus, acting to alter the
available sources of reinforcement for bullying behaviour and peer intervention attempts.
Six hundred and twenty-six students participated. Students were sampled from
grades 4 (n=140), 5 (n=l 13), 7 (n=205), and 8 (n=168). Students were measured for their
involvement in bullying and victimization, as well as for involvement in the following
bystander behaviours: encouraging, onlooking, defending, and seeking adult support. In
addition, students were measured for tolerance of deviance, pro-victim attitudes, social
anxiety and fear, and self-efficacy for peer intervention. Last, students were asked to
complete a series of qualitative measures, including a series of hypothetical vignettes and
open-ended questions. Analyses centered on the following areas: 1) rates of bullying,
victimization, and bystander behaviour; 2) the influence of age and gender on bystander
behaviour; 3) the characteristics associated with students who predominantly report
involvement with defending, seeking adult assistance, encouraging, and onlooking
behaviour; and 4) the influence of past involvement with bullying and victimization on
bystander behaviour. b .--' -i . k
Rates of bullying, victimization, and bystander behaviour were comparable to
findings in the existing literature, where male students were more likely than female
students to report involvement in both bullying and victimization. Boys were more likely than girls to report participation in encouraging and onlooking behaviours, while being
less likely to report involvement in defending and seeking adult assistance. Partly
consistent with existing findings, older students were more likely to report involvement in
bullying, encouraging, and onlooking behaviour than younger students, who were more
likely to report victimization, defending, and seeking adult assistance.
Self-identified encouragers and onlookers reported a similar array of
characteristics, in that they tended express high levels of tolerance of deviance, while
expressing low levels of pro-victim attitudes and self-efficacy for peer intervention.
Likewise, self-identified defenders and seekers of adult assistance tended to report a
similar array of characteristics to each other, in that they tended to report low levels of
tolerance of deviance, while expressing high levels of pro-victim attitudes and self
efficacy for peer intervention. Additionally, self-identified bullies and self-identified
bully-victims tended to report increased involvement in encouraging and onlooking,
whereas self-identified victims tended to report increased involvement in defending
behaviour and seeking adult assistance.
Results are discussed in terms of implications for bullying prevention and
intervention. Specifically, evidence from the present study suggests that as bystanders,
students predominantly act to either support bullying acts or to support the victims of
these acts, or alternatively, to actively remain outside bullying situations. Thus,
encouraging students to make small changes in the way they express these sentiments
during bullying situations would act to alter the culture of the larger peer group and the
sources of reinforcement available for bullying acts as well as peer intervention attempts.


title: Exploring the experiences of parents with children who have communication delays, as a population at risk for the development of behavioural concerns

subject:
Communicative disorders in children.
Behavioral assessment of children.

abstract:
Existing research identifies preschoolers with communication delays as a population at
risk for the development of behavioural concerns. This risk increases when additional
environmental factors such as parental stress and family conflict are also present. Research has
also shown that behavioural concerns can be stable over time when they develop early. However,
early intervention has been shown to be effective in addressing these concerns. The effectiveness
of early intervention in addressing both child and family outcomes increases when interventions
are delivered in a family-centred approach. This research project made use of data related to
child behaviour and parenting, gathered through the Family Resource Project which explored the
parenting experiences and resource access and allocation decisions of families who have
preschool children with and without communication delays. Cluster analysis was used to explore
whether there were identifiable clusters of children and families within each sample. Interview
data fi"om each identified family cluster was then explored further, to identify how parents
described their child's behaviour and their experience of parenting. Results show that, within this
sample, parents of preschoolers with communication delays described their child's behaviour and
their experience of parenting differently than did parents of children without communication
delays. Results also showed that within this sample parents experiencing parental stress and/or
family conflict described their child's behaviour and their experience of parenting differently than
did parents from other clusters. Results suggest support for early intervention and the use of
family-centred intervention, particularly for families of children with communication delays.


title: Gendered attitudes and family planning decision-making in Honduras

subject:
Birth control
Contraception
Family size
Sex differences (Psychology)

abstract:
This study examines gendered attitudes and family planning in the Central
American country of Honduras using a feminist perspective. Specifically, this study
investigates the relationships between gendered attitudes (i.e., male oriented or non-male
oriented attitudes) and who makes decisions about contraceptive use and family size
among married and common-law Hondurans. This study also attempts to account for
social elements such as gendered attitudes, education, economics, environment and
demographics that may act to limit or enhance women's agency in reproductive decisionmaking.
Furthermore, gender is examined to determine whether these relationships
depend on the gender of the respondents. Two national Honduran surveys from 2001 are
used in a secondary analysis, specifically muUinomial logisfic regression. Findings
indicate that women reporting non-male oriented attitudes are significantly more likely to
indicate that they (the wives) make the contraceptive decisions. Moreover, both men and
women reporting non-male oriented attitudes are significantly more likely to indicate
making contraceptive decisions together. Both of these effects remain significant when
other social factors included in the analyses, though part of the effect is explained by
education and economics. Similar effects are found in terms of family size decisions.
Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.


title: Psychopathy and self-monitoring : additive and interactive effects on self-presentation tactics /

subject:
Self-presentation.
Social interaction.

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contributions of psychopathy and
self-monitoring to the prediction of self-presentation tactics (behaviours that individuals use
to manipulate their self-image). Psychopathy is composed of two main factors: Factor 1,
which includes manipulativeness and shallow affect, and Factor 2, which includes
irresponsibility and anti-social behaviours. Self-monitoring is a personality trait that
distinguishes between those who adapt their behaviour to fit different social situations (high
self-monitors) and those who behave as they feel regardless of social expectations (low selfmonitors).
It was hypothesized that self-monitoring would moderate the relationship
between psychopathy and self-presentation tactics. One hundred and forty-nine university
students completed the Self-Monitoring Scale (Snyder, 1974), the Self-Report Psychopathy
Scale - Version III (Paulhus et aI., in press), the Self-Presentation Tactics scale (Lee, S., et
aI., 1999), the HEXACO-PI (a measure ofthe six major factors of personality; Lee, K., &
Ashton, 2004), and six scenarios that were created as a supplementary measure of the selfpresentation
tactics. Results of the hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that
self-monitoring did moderate the relationship between psychopathy and three of the selfpresentation
tactics: apologies, disclaimers, and exemplification. Further, significant
interactions were observed between Factor 1 and self-monitoring on apologies and the
defensive tactics subscale, between Factor 2 and self-monitoring on self-handicapping, and
between Factor 1 and Factor 2 on exemplification. Contrary to expectations, the main effect
of self-monitoring was significant for the prediction of nine tactics, while psychopathy was
significant for the prediction of seven tactics. This indicates that the role of these two
personality traits in the explanation of self-presentation tactics tends to be additive in nature rather than interactive. In addition. Factor 2 alone did not account for a significant amount of
variance in any of the tactics, while Factor 1 significantly predicted nine tactics. Results are
discussed with regard to implications and possible directions for future research.


title: Nietzsche's will-to-power ontology : an interpretation of Beyond Good and Evil

subject: Existential ethics.

subject: Existentialism.

abstract:
Abstract:
Nietzsche's Will-to-Power Ontology: An Interpretation of Beyond Good and Evil § 36
By: Mark Minuk
Will-to-power is the central component of Nietzsche's philosophy, and passage
36 of Beyond Good and Evil is essential to coming to an understanding of it. 1 argue for
and defend the thesis that will-to-power constitutes Nietzsche's ontology, and offer a new
understanding of what that means. Nietzsche's ontology can be talked about as though it
were a traditional substance ontology (i.e., a world made up of forces; a duality of
conflicting forces described as 'towards which' and 'away from which'). However, 1
argue that what defines this ontology is an understanding of valuation as ontologically
fundamental—^the basis of interpretation, and from which a substance ontology emerges.
In the second chapter, I explain Nietzsche's ontology, as reflected in this passage,
through a discussion of Heidegger's two ontological categories in Being and Time
(readiness-to-hand, and present-at-hand). In a nutshell, it means that the world of our
desires and passions (the most basic of which is for power) is ontologically more
fundamental than the material world, or any other interpretation, which is to say, the
material world emerges out of a world of our desires and passions.
In the first chapter, I address the problematic form of the passage reflected in the
first sentence. The passage is in a hypothetical style makes no claim to positive
knowledge or truth, and, superficially, looks like Schopenhaurian position for the
metaphysics of the will, which Nietzsche rejects. 1 argue that the hypothetical form of the
passage is a matter of style, namely, the style of a free-spirit for whom the question of
truth is reframed as a question of values. In the third and final chapter, 1 address the
charge that Nietzsche's interpretation is a conscious anthropomorphic projection. 1
suggest that the charge rests on a distinction (between nature and man) that Nietzsche
rejects. I also address the problem of the causality of the will for Nietzsche, by suggesting
that an alternative, perspectival form of causality is possible.


title: Learning to be literate : parental empowerment in early literacy interventions

subject:
Reading
Family literacy programs.
Reading

abstract:
Considerable research has focused on the success of early intervention programs for
children. However, minimal research has focused on the effect these programs have on
the parents of targeted children. Many current early intervention programs champion
family-focused and inclusive programming, but few have evaluated parent participation
in early interventions and fewer still have evaluated the impact of these programs on
beliefs and attitudes and parenting practices. Since parents will continue to play a key
role in their child's developmental course long after early intervention programs end, it is
vital to examine whether these programs empower parents to take action to make changes
in the lives of their children.
The goal of this study was to understand parental influences on the early development
of literacy, and in particular how parental attitudes, beliefs and self efficacy impact parent
and child engagement in early literacy intervention activities.
A mixed method procedure using quantitative and qualitative strategies was
employed. A quasi-experimental research design was used. The research sample, sixty
parents who were part of naturally occurring community interventions in at- risk
neighbourhoods in a south-western Ontario city participated in the quantitative phase.
Largely individuals whose home language was other than English, these participants were
divided amongst three early literacy intervention groups, a Prescriptive Interventionist
type group, a Participatory Empowering type group and a drop-in parent- child
neighbourhood Control group.
Measures completed pre and post a six session literacy intervention, on all three literacy and evidence of change in parental empowerment. Parents in all three groups, on
average, held beliefs about early literacy that were positive and that were compatible with
current approaches to language development and emergent literacy. No significant
change in early literacy beliefs and attitudes for pre to post intervention was found.
Similarly, there was no significant difference between groups on empowerment scores,
but there was a significant change post intervention in one group's empowerment score.
There was a drop in the empowerment score for the Prescriptive Interventionist type
group, suggesting a drop in empowerment level.
The qualitative aspect of this study involved six in-depth interviews completed with a
sub-set of the sixty research participants. Four similar themes emerged across the groups:
learning takes place across time and place; participation is key; success is achieved by
taking small steps; and learning occurs in multiple ways.
The research findings have important implications for practitioners and policy makers
who target at risk populations with early intervention programming and wish to sustain
parental empowerment. Study results show the value parents place on early learning and
point to the importance of including parents in the development and delivery of early
intervention programs.
groups, were analyzed for evidence of change in parental attitudes and beliefs about early literacy and evidence of change in parental empowerment. Parents in all three groups, on
average, held beliefs about early literacy that were positive and that were compatible with
current approaches to language development and emergent literacy. No significant
change in early literacy beliefs and attitudes for pre to post intervention was found.
Similarly, there was no significant difference between groups on empowerment scores,
but there was a significant change post intervention in one group's empowerment score.
There was a drop in the empowerment score for the Prescriptive Interventionist type
group, suggesting a drop in empowerment level.
The qualitative aspect of this study involved six in-depth interviews completed with a
sub-set of the sixty research participants. Four similar themes emerged across the groups:
learning takes place across time and place; participation is key; success is achieved by
taking small steps; and learning occurs in multiple ways.
The research findings have important implications for practitioners and policy makers
who target at risk populations with early intervention programming and wish to sustain
parental empowerment. Study results show the value parents place on early learning and
point to the importance of including parents in the development and delivery of early
intervention programs.


title: Dancing politics : connecting women's experiences of rave in Toronto to ageism and patriarchy

subject:
Rave culture
Rave culture
Ageism.
Patriarchy.

abstract:
Based on a critical analysis of recent Canadian and British media, academic, and political representations
of rave, in conjunction with the author's and ten female interviewees' past experiences as active rave
participants, the purpose of this thesis is to show the ways that rave can be understood as political.
Drawing on a post-structural understanding of politics, which understands macro social issues and micro
personal experiences as intimately linked and inseparable, this thesis fills a gap in the existing rave
literature by explicitly drawing out (a) the ways that active rave participation is entangled in dominant
understandings of age and gender-appropriate activities, and (b) the implications that these
entanglements have on the ways that some women experience and construct their past active rave
participation. Specifically, the author examines the ways that age and gender intersect and inform the
discourses on which research participants drew to describe and rationalize their experiences of
becoming, being, and ceasing to be active rave participants in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. At the same
time that the majority of research participants' introductions to rave followed heterosexualized and
heternormative patterns, they also constructed active rave participation as a way to challenge popular
representations of rave as an inappropriate activity, especially for young women. When rationalizing the
cessation of their active rave participation, however, these women reproduced depictions of rave
participation as a transitory and juvenile phase where older women are particularly misplaced. The
various ways that these women simultaneously challenged, experienced, and facilitated dominant ageist
and patriarchal discourses about who does and does belong in rave are interpreted as evidence that micro
rave experiences cannot be divorced from macro discriminatory discourses, and that "the personal is
political."


title: Cues to action : do they result in belief and behavioural change in women?

subject:
Osteoporosis in women
Health behavior.

abstract:
With incidence rates of osteoporosis increasing (Osteoporosis Canada, 2007),
preventative efforts to minimize costs associated with condition diagnosis are a public
health priority. Cues to action are specific internal (e.g., physical symptoms, family
member with a condition) or external stimuli (e.g., public service announcements, health
education campaigns) that are necessary to trigger appropriate health behaviours and
serve to create an awareness of the health threat (Mattson, 1999). To date, limited
understanding of the scope of influence cues to action have on health beliefs and
behaviour associated with osteoporosis is known. The present investigation was designed
to address this gap in the literature. More specifically, the influence of cues to action, a
public service announcement (PSA) developed by Osteoporosis Canada and a bone
screening by way of Quantitative Ultrasound, on health beliefs and health-enhancing
physical activity (HEPA) across a four week period was investigated. Peri-and postmenopausal
women (N= 174) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions 1) an
osteoporosis public service announcement (PSA) condition; 2) a bone screening
condition via quantitative ultrasound techniques, and 3) a PSA attention control
condition. Health beliefs associated with osteoporosis were taken at three time points:
prior to the cue to action intervention, immediately following the intervention, and four
weeks post intervention. Knowledge of osteorporosis risk factors and HEP A were
assessed pre and post-intervention only. Results of a regression analysis suggested that
baseline health beliefs predicted baseline HEPA (R2
adj = .24; F (9, 161) = 6.49,p = .000;
95% CI = .12 - .35) with exercise barriers (p = -.33) being a negative predictor and health
motivation (p = .21) being a positive predictor of HEP A. Baseline health beliefs predicted With incidence rates of osteoporosis increasing (Osteoporosis Canada, 2007),
preventative efforts to minimize costs associated with condition diagnosis are a public
health priority. Cues to action are specific internal (e.g., physical symptoms, family
member with a condition) or external stimuli (e.g., public service announcements, health
education campaigns) that are necessary to trigger appropriate health behaviours and
serve to create an awareness of the health threat (Mattson, 1999). To date, limited
understanding of the scope of influence cues to action have on health beliefs and
behaviour associated with osteoporosis is known. The present investigation was designed
to address this gap in the literature. More specifically, the influence of cues to action, a
public service announcement (PSA) developed by Osteoporosis Canada and a bone
screening by way of Quantitative Ultrasound, on health beliefs and health-enhancing
physical activity (HEPA) across a four week period was investigated. Peri-and postmenopausal
women (N= 174) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions 1) an
osteoporosis public service announcement (PSA) condition; 2) a bone screening
condition via quantitative ultrasound techniques, and 3) a PSA attention control
condition. Health beliefs associated with osteoporosis were taken at three time points:
prior to the cue to action intervention, immediately following the intervention, and four
weeks post intervention. Knowledge of osteorporosis risk factors and HEP A were
assessed pre and post-intervention only. Results of a regression analysis suggested that
baseline health beliefs predicted baseline HEPA (R2
adj = .24; F (9, 161) = 6.49,p = .000;
95% CI = .12 - .35) with exercise barriers (p = -.33) being a negative predictor and health
motivation (p = .21) being a positive predictor of HEP A. Baseline health beliefs predicted


title: Other-race faces : limitations of expert face recognition /

subject:
Face perception.
Face perception

abstract:
Adults' expert face recognition is limited to the kinds of faces they encounter on a
daily basis (typically upright human faces of the same race). Adults process own-race
faces holistically (Le., as a gestalt) and are exquisitely sensitive to small differences
among faces in the spacing of features, the shape of individual features and the outline or
contour of the face (Maurer, Le Grand, & Mondloch, 2002), however this expertise does
not seem to extend to faces from other races. The goal of the current study was to
investigate the extent to which the mechanisms that underlie expert face processing of
own-race faces extend to other-race faces.
Participants from rural Pennsylvania that had minimal exposure to other-race
faces were tested on a battery of tasks. They were tested on a memory task, two measures
of holistic processing (the composite task and the part/whole task), two measures of
spatial and featural processing (the JanelLing task and the scrambledlblurred faces task)
and a test of contour processing (JanelLing task) for both own-and other-race faces. No
study to date has tested the same participants on all of these tasks.
Participants had minimal experience with other-race faces; they had no Chinese
family members, friends or had ever traveled to an Asian country. Results from the
memory task did not reveal an other-race effect. In the present study, participants also
demonstrated holistic processing of both own- and other-race faces on both the composite
task and the part/whole task. These findings contradict previous findings that Caucasian
adults process own-race faces more holistically than other-race faces. However
participants did demonstrate an own-race advantage for processing the spacing among
features, consistent with two recent studies that used different manipulations of spacing
cues (Hayward et al. 2007; Rhodes et al. 2006). They also demonstrated an other-race
effect for the processing of individual features for the Jane/Ling task (a direct measure of
featural processing) consistent with previous findings (Rhodes, Hayward, & Winkler,
2006), but not for the scrambled faces task (an indirect measure offeatural processing).
There was no own-race advantage for contour processing. Thus, these results lead to the
conclusion that individuals may show less sensitivity to the appearance of individual
features and the spacing among them in other-race faces, despite processing other-race
faces holistically.


title: Revisiting girlhood : defining a postmodern/popular feminist culture /

subject:
Feminism
Girls in popular culture.
Women in popular culture.

abstract:
It has bee1l said that feminism is dead, but in fact feminism is alive in popular cultural
fonlls that offer pleasure, style, fUll and advice, as well as political messages that are
internalized alld continuously enacted in the lives of North American female youth. This
thesis discusses popular feminism with respect to mainstream girls' cultural discourses in
music alld magazine reading. Specifically this thesis examines the importance of
Madonna, Gwen Stefani, and the Spice Girls, in addition to the numerous girl magazines
available on the market today, such as Seventeen and YM. Focusing on the issue of the
feminine versus feminist polarity and its importance to girls' culture, this thesis attempts
to demonstrate how popular feminism can be used as a mode of empowerment and
illustrates the mode of consumption of popular feminist texts that frames female selfimage,
attitude, behaviour and speech. Through the employment of popular feminist
theories and a discourse alld semiotic analysis of musical lyrics, performance and style,
in addition to magazine reading and advertisements, this thesis highlights the use of
active media reading and being by girls to gaill an understanding with regards to social
positioning and postmodern political identity. More fundamentally, this thesis questions
how popular feminism disables, questions and critiques popular ideologies ill a
patriarchal society.


title: A qualitative narrative inquiry of the experience of accessing community supports among women who have experienced trauma

subject:
Abused women
Abused women

abstract:
Abuse related trauma can have serious consequences on individuals' health and their
state of well-being and may result in decreased access to different determinants of health.
The purpose of this qualitative narrative inquiry using secondary data was to explore the
experience of accessing community supports among eight women who had experienced
abuse-related trauma. A conceptual framework drawn from the literature on social inclusion
and social exclusion and a narrative inquiry method were used to explore epiphanies,
customs, routines, images, and everyday experiences (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000) among
the women. A Three-Dimensional Space Narrative Structure was used to explore the
participants' personal or internal conditions, feelings, hopes and reaction as well as their
social experiences in interaction with others in community. The participants described
experiencing the impact of trauma in their past and present circumstances, a lack of
accommodation of difference, challenges in maintaining a sense of self in a world of
assumption and labels, impact of trauma on the determinants of health, and uncertainty about
the future. The findings from the study demonstrate experiences of social exclusion among
the participants in the past, further isolation and social exclusion in the present when personal
life issues were ignored by community support services, and uncertainty about what the
future will bring for them. The findings indicate close relationships between the women's
personal lives and their social connections which need to be considered to mitigate social
exclusion and enhance social inclusion.


title: Exploring the emergent literacy needs of preschoolers with language impairments

subject:
Language arts (Preschool)
English language
Language disorders in children.

abstract:
Current research indicates the need to identify and support children at-risk for
reading difficulties as early as possible. Children with language impairments are one
group of children who have been shown to be at-risk for literacy problems. Their
difficulties likely stem from the challenges they tend to experience with acquiring
emergent literacy skills as preschoolers. Very little empirical work has been done with
preschoolers with language impairments to explore the nature of their emergent literacy
development or their response to interventions which target emergent literacy skills.
In the present study, 55 preschoolers with language impairments were recruited
from a speech and language centre in Southern Ontario. The nature of the relationship
between children's early language and literacy skills was explored using measures of
their written language awareness, phonological awareness and oral language abilities, in
an attempt to better understand how to conceptualize their emergent literacy abilities.
Furthermore, a between-subjects design was used to compare two language interventions:
an experimental emergent literacy intervention and a standard intervention based on
traditional models of speech and language therapy.
Results indicated that preschooler's emergent literacy abilities can be understood
as a broad, multi-dimensional construct consisting of three separate but interrelated
components: written language awareness, phonological awareness, and oral language.
The emergent literacy-enhanced intervention was generally superior to the standard
language intervention in improving children's skills in written language awareness, and
children with the most severe impairments seemed to benefit the most from the experimental intervention. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as areas for
future research are discussed. .


title: A minor theory of the transit of materiality into discourse, Via Campesina.

subject:
Viá Campesina (Organization)
National Farmers Union (Canada)
Seed industry and trade
Seed industry and trade

abstract:
In this thesis I explore how the material properties of plant seed enter the
political discourses of the international peasant coalition the Via Campesina and
coalition member the National Fanners Union of Canada (NFU), querying how this
process might be employed as a resource for a transformative eco-social politics. I
employ several post-structural theoretical constructs, configuring them together as a
"minor theory".
This minor theory provides the basis for a "minor" reading of three sets of
Via Campesina and NFU texts. The aim of these readings is to track the movement
of seed from a local agricultural concern to a transitive political one, across both the
material and discursive registers. In surfacing the presence of the seed's physical
properties in the three texts, I highlight the distinctions between the constraining seed
of corporate industrial agriculture, and the social and agroecological opportunities
resulting from what I call a "Seed Event".


title: Cortical and autonomic modulation of attentional control /

subject:
Neuropsychology.
Autonomic nervous system.

abstract:
Whereas the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in cognitive control has
received considerable attention, much less work has been done on the role of the ACC in
autonomic regulation. Its connections through the vagus nerve to the sinoatrial node of the
heart are thought to exert modulatory control over cardiovascular arousal. Therefore, ACC is
not only responsible for the implementation of cognitive control, but also for the dynamic
regulation of cardiovascular activity that characterizes healthy heart rate and adaptive
behaviour. However, cognitive control and autonomic regulation are rarely examined
together. Moreover, those studies that have examined the role of phasic vagal cardiac control
in conjunction with cognitive performance have produced mixed results, finding relations for
specific age groups and types of tasks but not consistently. So, while autonomic regulatory
control appears to support effective cognitive performance under some conditions, it is not
presently clear just what factors contribute to these relations.
The goal of the present study was, therefore, to examine the relations between
autonomic arousal, neural responsivity, and cognitive performance in the context of a task
that required ACC support. Participants completed a primary inhibitory control task with a
working memory load embedded. Pre-test cardiovascular measures were obtained, and ontask
ERPs associated with response control (N2/P3) and error-related processes (ERN/Pe)
were analyzed.
Results indicated that response inhibition was unrelated to phasic vagal cardiac
control, as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). However, higher resting RSA was
associated with larger ERN ampUtude for the highest working memory load condition. This
finding suggests that those individuals with greater autonomic regulatory control exhibited
more robust ACC error-related responses on the most challenging task condition. On the
other hand, exploratory analyses with rate pressure product (RPP), a measure of sympathetic
arousal, indicated that higher pre-test RPP (i.e., more sympathetic influence) was associated
with more errors on "catch" NoGo trials, i.e., NoGo trials that simultaneously followed other
NoGo trials, and consequently, reqviired enhanced response control. Higher pre-test RPP was
also associated with smaller amplitude ERNs for all three working memory loads and smaller
ampUtude P3s for the low and medium working memory load conditions. Thus, higher pretest
sympathetic arousal was associated with poorer performance on more demanding "catch"
NoGo trials and less robust ACC-related electrocortical responses.
The findings firom the present study highlight tiie interdependence of electrocortical
and cardiovascular processes. While higher pre-test parasympathetic control seemed to relate
to more robust ACC error-related responses, higher pre-test sympathetic arousal resulted in
poorer inhibitory control performance and smaller ACC-generated electrocortical responses.
Furthermore, these results provide a base from which to explore the relation between ACC
and neuro/cardiac responses in older adults who may display greater variance due to the
vulnerabihty of these systems to the normal aging process.


title: The effectiveness of a health versus appearance message on pregnant women's intentions to exercise postpartum : the moderating role of self-monitoring

subject:
Exercise for pregnant women
Physical fitness for pregnant women
Postnatal care.
Prenatal care.

abstract:
Despite the confimied health benefits of exercise during the postpartum period,
many new mothers are not sufficiently active. The present research aimed to examine the
effectiveness of 2 types of messages on intention to exercise after giving birth on 2
groups of pregnant women (low and high self-monitors) using the Theory of Planned
Behavior as a theoretical basis. Participants were 2 1 8 pregnant women 1 8 years of age
and older (Mean age = 27.9 years, SD = 5.47), and in their second or third trimester.
Women completed a demographics questionnaire, a self-monitoring (SM) scale and the
Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire for current and pre-pregnancy exercise
levels. They then read one of two brochures, describing either the health or appearance
benefits of exercise for postpartum women. Women's attitudes, social norms, perceived
behavioral control, and intentions to exercise postpartum were then assessed to determine
whether one type of message (health or appearance) was more effective for each group. A
MANOVA found no significant effect (p>0.05) for message type, SM, or their
interaction. Possible reasons include the fact that the two messages may have been too
similar, reading any message about exercise may result in intentions to exercise, or lack
of attention given to the brochure. Given the lack of research in this area, more studies
are necessary to confirm the present results.
Two additional exploratory analyses were conducted. Pearson correlations found
higher levels of pre-pregnancy exercise and current exercise to be associated with more
positive attitudes, more positive subjective norms, higher perceived behavioral control,
and higher intention to exercise postpartum. A hierarchical regression was conducted to
determine the predictive utility of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral
control on intention for each self-monitoring group. Results of the analysis demonstrated
the three independent variables significantly predicted intention (p < .001) in both groups,
accounting for 58-62% of the variance in intention. For low self-monitors, attitude was
the strongest predictor of intention, followed by perceived behavioral control and
subjective norm. For high self-monitors, perceived behavioral control was the strongest
predictors, followed by attitudes and subjective norm. The present study has practical and
real world implications by contributing to our understanding of what types of messages,
in a brochure format, are most effective in changing pregnant women's attitudes,
subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intention to exercise postpartum and
provides ftirther support for the use of the Theory of Planned Behavior with this
population.


title: Linking of stress offset score (SOS), work satisfaction, and organizational commitment to intentions to quit

subject:
Job satisfaction.
Organizational commitment.

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of stressors and offsetting
satistiers, measured in this study with Stress Offset Score (SOS), on intentions to quit and
examine the mediating and moderating effects of three facets of work satisfaction (job
satisfaction, pay satisfaction, and satisfaction with supervisor) and two facets of
organizational commitment (affective and nonnative commitment) on this relationship.
The sample was composed of 2990 employees from 21 public and private organizations.
The interaction of each type of work satisfaction and organizational commitment, with
SOS, was tested using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) procedures. Intentions to quit was
the dependent variable.
The research questions were determine: (1) Does SOS predict intentions to quit? (2)
Does work satisfaction mediate the predictive relationship of SOS on intentions to quit?
(3) Does organizational commitment mediate the predictive relationship of SOS on intent
to quit? (4) Does work satisfaction moderate the predictive relationship of SOS on
intentions to quit? and (5) Does organizational commitment moderate the predictive
relationship of SOS on intentions to quit? The results indicated that SOS was negatively
correlated with intentions to quit. Each of the types of work satisfaction and
organizational commitment variables showed a partial mediated relationship with SOS
and each relationship was highly significant, while normative commitment explained
more of the relationship then other mediators. The study also tested for interactions but
no statistical significant relationships where established between any of the interaction
terms (e.g., SOSxJob Satisfaction and SOSxAffcctive Commitment) and intentions to
quit.


title: Why are people liberal? : a motivated social cognition perspective

subject:
Liberalism--Psychological aspects.
Political science.

abstract:
The present dissertation examined why people adopt or endorse certain political
ideologies (i.e., liberal or conservative). According to a motivated social cognition
perspective (Jost, Glaser, Kruglanski, & Sulloway, 2003a; Kruglansl<i, 1996), individuals
adopt political ideologies to fulfill dispositional and situationally induced needs or
motivations. Previous research has found that political conservatism is related to a
number of psychological needs (e.g., Jost, Glaser et aI., 2003a). However, there is
minimal research examining why individuals adopt political liberalism. By focussing on
the political right and not considering the political left, there might be other motivational
underpinnings of political orientation that have been overlooked. In four studies, the
present dissertation ail)1ed to fill this gap by investigating what chronic and situationally
induced needs underlie political orientation, with a focus on political liberalism. Based on
psychological the9ries of ideology, research examining political conservatism, and
experimental research examining differences between liberals and conservatives, it was
proposed that four social-cognitive needs (Need for Inclusiveness, Need for
Understanding, Need for Change, and Avoidance of Decisional Commitment) would be
associated with liberalism. Moreover, research suggests that the relations between the
needs and liberalism might be moderated by political sophistication (e.g., Converse,
1964). University students (Study 1; n == 201) and community adults (Study 2; n == 197)
completed questionnaires assessing political liberalism, political sophistication, and
individual differences 're~ective of the four proposed needs. As predicted, correlation and
hierarchical regression analyses in both Studies 1 and 2 indicated that political liberalism
was related to Need for Inclusiveness, Need for Understanding, and Need for Change.
11
Avoidance of Decisional Commitment uniquely predicted political liberalism in Study 2;
however, contrary to predictions, it was unrelated to political liberalism in Study 1.
Furthermore, some of these relations were moderated by political sophistication, such
that among individuals with a greater knowledge of politics, the relation between certain
needs and liberalism was positive. To explore the role of situationally induced needs on
political liberalism, each of the four proposed needs were manipulated in Study 3.
Participants (n == 120) completed one of five scrambled-sentence tasks (one for each need
condition and control condition), measures of explicit and implicit political liberalism,
political sophistication, and state and trait measures indicative of the four proposed needs.
The ~anipulation did not successfully prime participants with the needs. Therefore, a
replication of the analyses from Studies 1 and 2 was conducted on the dispositional
needs. Results showed that Need for Inclusiveness, Need for Understanding, and Need
for Change were linked with greater explicit and implicit political liberalism. Study 4
examined the effect of manipulated Need for Inclusiveness on participants' endorsement
ofpolitical liberalism, independent of conservatism. Participants (n == 43) were randomly
assigned to a Need for Inclusiveness or control condition, and completed separate
measures of political liberalism and conservatism, and political sophistication.
Participants in the Need for Inclusiveness condition reported greater liberalism than those
in a control condition; this effect was not moderated by political sophistication.
Generally, the findings from this dissertation suggest that there might be other needs
underlying political ideology, especially political liberalism. Thus, consistent with others'
(Jost, Glaser et aI., 2003a), individuals might adopt political liberalism as a way of
gratifying certain psychological needs. Implications and future research are discussed.


title: What's the difference under the gown? : new professors' development as university teachers

contributor: Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education

subject:
College teachers--Psychology.
College teachers--Training of.
College teachers--Identity.

abstract:
This study explores how new university teachers develop a teaching identity.
Despite the significance ofteaching, which usually comprises 40% of a Canadian
academic's workload, few new professors have any formal preparation for that aspect of
their role. Discipline-specific education for postsecondary professors is a well-defined
path; graduates applying for faculty positions will have the terminal degree to attest to
their knowledge and skill conducting research in the discipline. While teaching is usually
given the same workload balance as research, it is not clear how professors create
themselves as teaching professionals.
Drawing on Kelly's (1955) personal construct theory and Kegan's (1982, 1994)
model ofdevelopmental constructivism through differentiation and integration, this study
used a phenomenographic framework~(Marton, 1986, 1994; Trigwell & Prosser, 1996) to
investigate the question of how new faculty members construe their identity as university
teachers. Further, my own role development as researcher was used as an additional lens
through which to view the study results.
The study focused particularly on the challenges and supports to teaching role
development and outlines recommendations the participants made for supporting other
newcomers. In addition, the variations and similarities in the results suggest a
developmental model to conceptions ofteaching roles, one in which teaching, research,
and service roles are viewed as more integrated over time. Developing a teacher identity
was seen as a progression on a hierarchical model similar to Maslow's (1968) hierarchy
of needs.


title: The osmoadaptive response of the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae K1-V1116 during icewine fermentation

subject: Saccharomyces cerevisiae--Metabolism.

subject: Saccharomyces cerevisiae--Physiology.

subject: Wine and wine making--Microbiology--Canada.

subject: Fermentation.

abstract:
The adapted metabolic response of commercial wine yeast under prolonged
exposure to concentrated solutes present in Icewine juice is not fully understood.
Presently, there is no information regarding the transcriptomic changes in gene
expression associated with the adaptive stress response ofwine yeast during Icewine
fermentation compared to table wine fermentation. To understand how and why wine
yeast respond differently at the genomic level and ultimately at the metabolic level during
Icewine fermentation, the focus ofthis project was to identify and compare these
differences in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae KI-Vll16 using cDNA
microarray technology during the first five days of fermentation. Significant differences
in yeast gene expression patterns between fermentation conditions were correlated to
differences in nutrient utilization and metabolite production. Sugar consumption, nitrogen
usage and metabolite levels were measured using enzyme assays and HPLC. Also, a
small subset of differentially expressed genes was verified using Northern analysis. The
high osmotic stress experienced by wine yeast throughout Icewine fermentation elicited
changes in cell growth and metabolism correlating to several fermentation difficulties,
including reduced biomass accumulation and fermentation rate. Genes associated with
carbohydrate and nitrogen transport and metabolism were expressed at lower levels in
Icewine juice fermenting cells compared to dilute juice fermenting cells. Osmotic stress,
not nutrient availability during Icewine fermentation appears to impede sugar and
nitrogen utilization. Previous studies have established that glycerol and acetic acid
production are increased in yeast during Icewine fermentation. A gene encoding for a
glycerollW symporter (STL1) was found to be highly expressed up to 25-fold in the
i
Icewine juice condition using microarray and Northern analysis. Active glycerol transport
by yeast under hyperosmotic conditions to increase cytosolic glycerol concentration may
contribute to reduced cell growth observed in the Icewine juice condition. Additionally,
genes encoding for two acetyl CoA synthetase isoforms (ACSl and ACS2) were found to
be highly expressed, 19- and II-fold respectively, in dilute juice fermenting cells relative
to the Icewine juice condition. Therefore, decreased conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA
may contribute to increased acetic acid production during Icewine fermentation. These
results further help to explain the response of wine yeast as they adapt to Icewine juice
fermentation.
ii


title: The Elucidation of the involvement of endonuclease DNase y in reducing DNA transfection efficiency in mammalian cells

subject:
Gene therapy.
Genetic transformation.
Genetic vectors.
Endonucleases.
Calcium phosphate.
Cell lines.
Transfection.

abstract:
Gene therapy is predicated upon efficient gene transfer. While viral vectors are the
method of choice for transformation efficiency, the immunogenicity and safety concerns remain
problematic. Non-viral vectors, on the other hand, have shown high degrees of safety and are
mostly non-immunogenic in nature. However, non-viral vectors usually suffer from low levels
oftransformation efficiency and transgene expression. Thus, increasing transformation
efficiency ofnon-viral vectors, in particular by calcium phosphate co-precipitation technique, is
a way of generating a suitable vector for gene therapy and is the aim of this study.
It is a long known fact that different cell lines have different transfection efficiencies
regardless oftransfection methodology (Lin et a!., 1994). Using commonly available cell lines
Madine-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK), HeLa and Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK-293), we
have shown a decreasing trend ofDNase activity based on a plasmid digestion assay. From
densitometry studies, as much as a 40% reduction in DNase activity was observed when
comparing HEK-293 (least active) to MDBK (most active). Using various biochemical assays, it
was determined that DNase y, in particular, was expressed more highly in MDBK cells than both
HeLa and HEK-293. Upon cloning of the bovine DNase y gene, we utilized the sequence
information to construct antisense expressing plasmids via both traditional antisense RNA
(pASDGneoM) and siRNA (psiRNA-S4, psiRNA-S11 and psiRNA-S16). For the construction
ofpASDGneoM, the 3' end of the DNase y was inserted in opposite orientation under a
cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter such that the expression ofRNA complementary to the DNase
2
ymRNA occurred. For siRNA plasmids, the sequence was screened to yield optimal short
sequences for siRNA inhibition. The silencing ofbovine DNase y led to an increase in
transfection efficiency based on traditional calcium phosphate co-precipitation technique; stable
clones of siRNA-producing MDBK cell lines (psiRNA-S4 Bland psiRNA-S4 B4) both
demol).strated 4-fold increases in transfection efficiency. Furthermore, serial transfection of
antisense DNase y plasmid pASDGneoM and reporter pCMV-~ showed a maximum of 8-fold
increase in transfection efficiency when the two separate transfections were carried out 4 hours
apart (i.e. transfection ofpASDGneoM, separated by four hours, then transfection ofpCMV-~).
Together, these results demonstrate the involvement ofDNase y in reducing transfection
efficiency, at least by traditional calcium phosphate technique.


title: Teacher professional growth in an authentic learning environment

subject:
Teachers--In-service training.
Educational change.
Effective teaching.

abstract:
The last several decades have been marked by tremendous changes in education
- technological, pedagogical, administrative, and social. These changes have led to
considerable increments in the budgets devoted to professional development for teachers
~ with the express purpose of helping them accommodate their practices to the new
realities oftheir classrooms. However, research has suggested that, in spite of the
emphasis placed on encouraging sustained change in teaching practices, little has been
accomplished. This begs the question of what ought to be done to not only reverse this
outcome, but contribute to transformational change. The literature suggests some
possibilities including: a) considering teachers as learners and applying what, is known
about cognition and learning; b) modifying the location and nature ofprofessional
development so that it is authentic, based in the classroom and focusing on tasks
meaningful to the teacher; c) attending to the infrastructure underlying professional
development; and d) ensuring opportunities for reflective practice. This dissertation
looks at the impact of each ofthese variables through an analysis ofthe learning
journeys of a group ofteachers engaged in a program called GrassRoots in one midsized
school board in Ontario. Action research was conducted by the researcher in his
role as consultant facilitating teacher professional growth around the use of Web sites as
culminating performance tasks by students. Research focused on the pedagogical
approach to the learning of the teachers involved and the infrastructure underlying their
learning. Using grounded theory, a model for professional development was developed
that can be used in the future to inform practices and, hopefully, lead to sustained
transformational school change.


title: Predicting performance on fluid intelligence from speed of processing, working memory, and controlled attention

subject:
Reasoning (Psychology).
Reasoning (Psychology)--Testing.
Intellect.
Cognitive neuroscience.

abstract:
Fluid inteliigence has been defined as an innate ability to reason which is measured
commonly by the Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM). Individual differences in fluid
intelligence are currently explained by the Cascade model (Fry & Hale, 1996) and the
Controlled Attention hypothesis (Engle, Kane, & Tuholski, 1999; Kane & Engle, 2002). The
first theory is based on a complex relation among age, speed, and working memory which is
described as a Cascade. The alternative to this theory, the Controlled Attention hypothesis, is
based on the proposition that it is the executive attention component of working memory that
explains performance on fluid intelligence tests.
The first goal of this study was to examine whether the Cascade model is consistent
within the visuo-spatial and verbal-numerical modalities. The second goal was to examine
whether the executive attention component ofworking memory accounts for the relation
between working memory and fluid intelligence.
Two hundred and six undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 28
completed a battery of cognitive tests selected to measure processing speed, working
memory, and controlled attention which were selected from two cognitive modalities, verbalnumerical
and visuo-spatial. These were used to predict performance on two standard
measures of fluid intelligence: the Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) and the Shipley
Institute of Living Scales (SILS) subtests. Multiple regression and Structural Equation
Modeling (SEM) were used to test the Cascade model and to determine the independent and
joint effects of controlled attention and working memory on general fluid intelligence.
Among the processing speed measures only spatial scan was related to the RPM. No
other significant relations were observed between processing speed and fluid intelligence. As
1
a construct, working memory was related to the fluid intelligence tests. Consistent with the
predictions for the RPM there was support for the Cascade model within the visuo-spatial
modality but not within the verbal-numerical modality. There was no support for the Cascade
model with respect to the SILS tests. SEM revealed that there was a direct path between
controlled attention and RPM and between working memory and RPM. However, a
significant path between set switching and RPM explained the relation between controlled
attention and RPM. The prediction that controlled attention mediated the relation between
working memory and RPM was therefore not supported.
The findings support the view that the Cascade model may not adequately explain
individual differences in fluid intelligence and this may be due to the differential relations
observed between working memory and fluid intelligence across different modalities. The
findings also show that working memory is not a domain-general construct and as a result its
relation with fluid intelligence may be dependent on the nature of the working memory
modality.


title: Partnership for arts integration : exploring the experiences of teachers and artists working with integrated arts programs

subject: Art--Study and teaching (Elementary)--Ontario--Niagara

abstract:
This research acknowledges the difficulties experienced by teachers
presenting integrated arts curricula. Instructional support is offered by arts
organizations that provide arts partnerships with local schools boards. The study
focuses on the experiences of 8 teachers from a Catholic school board in southern
Ontario who participated in integrated arts programs offered by The Royal
Conservatory of Music's Learning Through the Arts™ (LTTATM) program and a
local art gallery's Art Based Integrated Learning (ABIL) program and examines
their responses to the programs and their perception of personal and professional
development through this association. Additionally, questions were posed to the
. "aftisfs"from-tneSe]Jfograrrrs;-and"they liiscus·sed·how"participating in-collaboration
with teachers in the development of in-school programs enabled them to
experience personal and professional development as well.
Seven themes emerged from the data. These themes included: teachers'
feelings of a lack of preparedness to teach the arts; the value of the arts and arts
partnerships in schools; the role of the artists in the education of teachers;
professional development for both teachers and artists; the development of
collegiality; perceptions of student engagement; and the benefits and obstacles of
integrating the arts into the curriculum. This document highlights the benefits to
both teachers and artists of arts partnerships between schools and outside arts
organizations.


title: Opening truth to imagination : the pragmatism of John Dewey and Richard Rorty

subject:
Dewey, John,|d1859-1952--Aesthetics.
Rorty, Richard--Aesthetics.
Pragmatism.
Education, Humanistic.

abstract:
This study explores in a comparative way the works of two American pragmatist
philosophers-John Dewey and Richard Rorty. I have provided a reading of their broader
works in order to offer what I hope is a successful sympathetic comparison where very
few exist. Dewey is often viewed as the central hero in the classical American pragmatic
tradition, while Rorty, a contemporary pragmatist, is viewed as some sort of postmodern
villain. I show that the different approaches by the two philosophers-Dewey's
experiential focus versus Rorty's linguistic focus-exist along a common pragmatic
continuum, and that much of the critical scholarship that pits the two pragmatists against
each other has actually created an unwarranted dualism between experience and
language. I accomplish this task by following the critical movement by each of the
pragmatists through their respective reworking of traditional absolutist truth conceptions
toward a more aesthetical, imaginative position. I also show how this shift or "turning"
represents an important aspect of the American philosophical tradition-its aesthetic axis.
I finally indicate a role for liberal education (focusing on higher nonvocational education)
in accommodating this turning, a turning that in the end is necessitated by democracy's
future trajectory


title: Opening a can of worms : perceptions and practices of teachers in Newfoundland and Labrador incorporating the role of a therapist

subject:
Teachers--Newfoundland and Labrador.
Child psychotherapy.

abstract:
Educational trends of inclusion and collaboration have led to changing roles of
teachers, including an emphasis on personal support. To provide for social, emotional,
and behavioural needs, teachers may adopt a therapeutic role. Many models for such
support are proposed, with most models including the importance of student-teacher
relationships, a focus on social, emotional, and behavioural development, and direct
instruction of related skills. This study includes 20 interview participants. In addition, 4
of the 20 interview participants also took part in a case study. It examines whether
participants adopt a therapeutic role, their beliefs about student-teacher relationships,
whether they provide interventions in personal issues, and instructed social, emotional,
and behaviour skills. Findings show that teachers adopt an academic role as well as a
therapeutic role, believe student-teacher relationships are important, are approached
about personal issues, and instruct social, emotional, and behavioural skills. Talking and
listening are commonly used to provide support, typically exclusive of formal curricular
goals. The challenges in providing front-line support issues that may be shared within an
established student-teacher relationship are considered. Support in turn for teachers who
choose to provide support for personal issues in the classroom within a therapeutic role
are suggested, including recommendations for support and referral related to specific
social, emotional, or behavioural scenarios that may arise in the school community.