title: Paul and Hellenistic Education: Assessing Early Literary and Rhetorical Influences

contributor:
Porter, Stanley E.
Christian Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis explores two bodies of evidence that are relevant to the question of Paul's Hellenistic education: historical and literary. Part One attempts to engage the historical dimension by exploring evidence that contributes to the reconstruction of the sociohistorical situation for Paul's upbringing and exposure to education in the Greco-Roman world. The literary evidence for Paul's Hellenistic education is taken up in Part Two. This portion of the thesis assesses Paul's use of Greek language, letter writing, literature, rhetoric and philosophy. The methodological relation of the two major parts of this thesis is framed by a 'hypothesis-verification' historical method. Historical data is gathered and explained by the formation of a hypothesis regarding Paul's relationship to Hellenistic education in Part One. Part Two then seeks verification for this hypothesis through a literary analysis of Pauline literature.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: ETHNIC CONFLICT IN OSSETIA: THE RISE OF NATIONALISM AND A CRISIS OF THE LEGITIMACY OF INTERNAL BORDERS

contributor:
Howard, Rhoda
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This dissertation examines the causes and essence of the Ossetian-Ingush ethno-territorial conflict. The disintegration of the Soviet union is viewed as a main factor of two interrelated phenomena: the crisis of legitimacy of the internal administrative borders of the national territorial units of the Russian Federation, and the rise of nationalism in the autonomous republics in the North Caucasus. This study focuses on the logic of numerous violations of borders and administrative territorial belongings in the North Caucasus by the Tsarist and Soviet state as a key instrument to strengthen its imperialist domination in this region. These violations of territorial and national rights of the North Caucasian peoples form the basis for conflicting national ideologies: each of the parties chooses those historical arguments that are most favourable for its political aspirations and territorial claims. The thesis argues that constant changes of administrative borders which have taken place throughout the history of the North Caucasus can hardly serve as a self sufficient foundation for the contemporary determination of territorial belonging.A methodology of interview in combination with archival research and documents analysis is used. The study analyses the phenomenon of nationalism as an inevitable by-product of the process of search for anew, post-Soviet national and civic identity of North Caucasian peoples. It also attempts to demonstrate that the OssetianIngush conflict could be considered as an example of the emerging 'civilizational stand-off'(Huntington, 1993) between the Muslim and Orthodox Christian cultures. The dissertation concludes that being placed in its cultural and geopolitical context, this search for a new ethnic identity and non-Soviet symbolism among the Ossetians and their Muslim neighbours will determine the direction of socio-political changes in the North Caucasian region.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Church-State Relationship and Democratic Transition: A Comparative Study of Chile, Brazil, Spain and Poland

contributor:
Galleguillos, Nibaldo
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: The main objective of this thesis is to examine the role of the Catholic Church in transition to democracy in Chile, Brazil, Spain and Poland. The main question under examination is whether the Catholic Church in these countries promoted or impeded the process of democratic conversion and consolidation. In an attempt to measure the Church's political influence during and following the democratic transformation four variables were examined. The selected variables were: abortion, divorce, education and constitutional amendments. The analysis revealed that the extent to which the Catholic hierarchy was able to impact these issues depended on the local context in each state. However, the main conclusion that can be reached is that the Catholic Church does not pose a serious obstacle to further consolidation of democracy in each of the countries examined. Moreover, the larger question of the appropriate conduct of church-state relations in a democratic system is considered. One of the main conclusions that could be drawn from this study is that a presence of a strong religious institution does not necessarily hinder democracy. Instead, cooperation between the church and state is acceptable, and even desirable, as long as two conditions are met. First, all citizens must be guaranteed full religious freedom. Second, the dominant religious institution cannot impose its version of the 'good life' on the rest of society.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Communities of Faith: The Presence of the Spirit in Congregational Dynamics and the Practice of Stewardship

contributor:
Morgan, Kenneth R.
Divinity College

abstract: The Doctor of Ministry project thesis that follows is a product of many years experience, both in the local pastorate and in service to the wider church. It addresses its author's passion and conviction regarding the work of stewardship and congregational development. Its approach and direction is focused upon what the author maintains has been an often-neglected aspect of theology within the denominational tradition of The United Church of Canada-that which concerns the presence of the Spirit. In this light, the thesis' focus is turned towards a closer examination of congregational dynamics and the practice of stewardship where, respectively, the Spirit is held to dwell and work. Following the introductory first two chapters, the examination begins in the earnest in chapter three, where the author considers the Foundational Perspectives that underlie the thesis' consideration of community, the Spirit, and stewardship. Particularly in this chapter, theological and historical, as well as ecclesiastical and sociological insights, gleaned from many and diverse sources, are shared and expanded upon. In chapters four and five, the author intensifies the focus on the subjects of congregational dynamics and the practice of stewardship respectively. It is in these chapters that, supported by available statistical data, the findings of a "congregational leadership" survey involving the participation of churches in Dufferin-Peel and Halton Presbyteries, west of Toronto, are analysed and utilized, in assessing the situation, and prescribing measures and strategies that may enhance the health and vitality of these prospective "communities of faith." The conclusion reached by this study contends that, focusing at the local level, future efforts aimed at improving the state of local churches must be both holistic and comprehensive, as well as emphasizing the need to acknowledge and trust in the presence of the Spirit.

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: Computational Methods for the Optimal Reconstruction of Material Properties in Complex Multiphysics Systems

contributor:
Protas, Bartosz
Computational Engineering and Science

subject:
parameter estimation
material properties
constitutive relations
optimization
nonequilibrium thermodynamics
continuum mechanics
adjoint analysis
integration on level sets
Control Theory
Other Applied Mathematics
Control Theory

abstract: In this work we propose and validate a computational method for reconstructing constitutive relations (material properties) in complex multiphysics phenomena based on incomplete and noisy measurements which is applicable to different problems arising in nonequilibrium thermodynamics and continuum mechanics. The parameter estimation problem is solved as PDE–constrained optimization using a gradient–based technique in the optimize–then–discretize framework. The reconstructed material properties taken as an example here are the transport coefficients characterizing diffusion processes such as the viscosity and the thermal conductivity, and we focus on problems in which these coefficients depend on the state variables in the system. The proposed method allows one to reconstruct a smooth constitutive relation defined over a broad range of the dependent variable. This research is motivated by questions arising in the computational analysis and optimization of advanced welding processes which involves modelling complex alloys in the liquid phase at high temperatures.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: TESTING FOR TREATMENT HETEROGENEITY BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL OUTCOMES WITHIN A COMPOSITE OUTCOME

contributor:
Thabane, Lehana
Health Research Methodology

subject:
composite outcomes
heterogeneity tests
clinical trials
multiple outcomes
Biostatistics
Clinical Trials
Multivariate Analysis
Statistical Methodology
Survival Analysis
Biostatistics

abstract: This series of papers explores the value of and mechanisms for using a heterogeneity test to compare treatment differences between the individual outcomes included in a composite outcome. Trialists often combine a group of outcomes together into a single composite outcome based on the belief that all will share a common treatment effect. The question addressed here is how this assumption of homogeneity of treatment effect can be assessed in the analysis of a trial that uses this type of composite outcome. A class of models that can be used to form such a test involve the analysis of multiple outcomes per person, and adjust for the association due to repeated outcomes being observed on the same individuals. We compare heterogeneity tests from multiple models for binary and time-to-event composite outcomes, to determine which have the greatest power to detect treatment differences for the individual outcomes within a composite outcome. Generally both marginal and random effects models are shown to be reasonable choices for such tests. We show that a treatment heterogeneity test may be used to help design a study with a composite outcome and how it can help in the interpretation of trial results.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: STOCHASTIC MODELS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TWO-PARAMETER POISSON-DIRICHLET DISTRIBUTION

contributor:
Feng, Shui
Fred M. Hoppe, Roman Viveros-Aguilera
Mathematics and Statistics

subject: Poisson-Dirichlet distribution

subject: mutation

subject: selection

subject: quasi-invariance

subject: Probability

subject: Probability

abstract: In this thesis, we explore several stochastic models associated withthe two-parameter Poisson-Dirichlet distribution and population genetics.The impacts of mutation, selection and time onthe population evolutionary process will be studied by focusing on two aspects of the model:equilibrium and non-equilibrium. In the first chapter, we introduce relevant background on stochastic genetic models, andsummarize our main results and their motivations. In the second chapter, the two-parameter GEM distribution is constructedfrom a linear birth process with immigration. The derivationrelies on the limiting behavior of the age-ordered family frequencies. In the third chapter, to show the robustness of the sampling formula we derive the Laplace transform of the two-parameterPoisson-Dirichlet distribution from Pitman sampling formula. The correlationmeasure of the two-parameter point process is obtained in our proof. We also reverse this derivationby getting the sampling formula from the Laplace transform. Then,we establish a central limit theorem for the infinitely-many-neutral-alleles modelat a fixed time as the mutation rate goes to infinity.Lastly, we get the Laplace transform for the selectionmodel from its sampling formula. In the fourth chapter, we establisha central limit theorem for the homozygosity functions under overdominant selectionwith mutation approaching infinity. The selection intensity is given by a multiple of certain powerof the mutation rate. This result shows an asymptotic normality for the properly scaled homozygosities,resembling the neutral model without selection.This implies that the influence of selection can hardly be observed with large mutation. In the fifth chapter, the stochastic dynamics of the two-parameter extension of theinfinitely-many-neutral-alleles model is characterized by the derivation of its transition function,which is absolutely continuous with respect to the stationary distribution being the two-parameter Poisson-Dirichlet distribution.The transition density is obtained by the expansion of eigenfunctions.Combining this result with the correlation measure in Chapter 3, we obtain the probability generatingfunction of a random sampling from the two-parameter model at a fixed time. Finally, we obtain two results based on the quasi-invariance of the Gamma processwith respect to the multiplication transformation group.One is the quasi-invariance property of the two-parameter Poisson-Dirichletdistribution with respect to Markovian transformation group.The other one is the equivalence between the quasi-invarianceof the stationary distributions of aclass of branching processes and their reversibility.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Suite of Case Studies in Relational Database Design

contributor:
Deza, Antoine
Franek, Frantisek
Computing and Software

abstract: Typical relational database design examples in textbooks and undergraduate courses are small and do not provide any real opportunity to practice the design, they simply illustrate and illuminate the principles. On the other end of the spectrum are typical industrial databases whose designs are complex and extensive, and so not suitable as a project for a one term database course. The objective of this thesis is to design and develop a collection of ten projects that would be usable as term projects in relational database system design for a typical undergraduate database course. To this end a suite of ten case studies are presented. Each project is taken from its informal specification to a relational schema using entity-relationship modeling and its translation to relational model, to database schema, to implementation of the database, to interactive SQL querying of the installed database and finished with a simple application programmed in C using the installed database and accessing it via embedded SQL.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Optimal Strategy Hand-rank Table for Jacks or Better, Double Bonus, and Joker Wild

contributor:
Hoppe, Fred M.
Statistics

subject:
Optimal
Strategy
Hand-rank
Jacks or Better
Double Bonus
Joker Wild
Probability
Statistics and Probability
Probability

abstract: Video poker is a casino game based on five-card draw poker played on a computerized console. Video poker allows players an opportunity for some control of the random events that determine whether they win or lose. This means that making the right play can increase a player's return in the long run. For that reason, optimal strategy hand-rank tables for various types of video poker games have been recently published and established to help players improve their return (Ethier, 2010). Ethier posed a number of open problems in his recent book, The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilitistic Aspects of Gambling among which were some in video poker. In this thesis we consider the most popular video poker games: Jacks or Better, Double Bonus, and Joker Wild. Ethier produced an optimal strategy hand-rank table for Jacks or Better. We expand on his method to produce optimal hand-rank tables for Double Bonus, and Joker Wild. The method involves enumerating all possible discards, computing the expected returns, and then finding a way to rank them according to optimal discard based on the payoffs. The methodology combines combinatorics with probability and C++ programming. For Double Bonus and Joker Wild new terminologies are introduced in order to illustrate how different cards can affect the magnitude of expected return of a particular hand. Furthermore, ranks whose organization and specification are noteworthy in the hand-rank tables are examined and provided with in-depth explanations and supporting examples. The final result is a hand-rank table for use by the player. The player chooses that discard which ranks highest in the hand-rank table corresponding to potential final hands.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Modeling Updating in Real-Time Optimization

contributor:
Marlin, T.E.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
A model-based real-time optimization (RTO) system can improve the operating profit of the plant by tracking the changing optimum responding to distubances. Naturally, the RTO tracking capability relies on the accuracy of the model and the estimated parameters. This thesis develops the technologies to enhance RTO performance by acquiring better data sets for updating and investigates the effect of model fidelity on RTO performance.

The main contribution of this thesis is to improve updating through the use of multiple data sets (current and recent past data sets), including the possibility of judiciously designed plant experiments. A moving window approach is used to keep a record of current and historical data sets for updating. When plant variation exists in the data sets, extra parameters, which require plant variation for accurate estimation, can be updated to reduce the plant/model mismatch. The updater diagnostic tests are implemented to identify the maximum number of parameters that can be estimated from the available data sets. The parameter estimation problem is formulated by incorporating prior knowledge of disturbance frequency to track the disturbances with different dynamics. Accurate estimation of some of the adjustable parameters requires plant variation which can be generated by disturbances. When the data sets do not have sufficient plant variation for updating, limited plant perturbation can improve updating. A new expected profit approach for designing plant experiements is developed and integrated with the RTO system. Experiments are designed to maximize the overall expected profit to trade off the benefits achieved by improved model and cost of experimentation.

The effect of model fidelity on RTO performance is investigated using several case studies including an industrial boiler case study. A model-free direct search method and model-based methods using a fundamental model and an empirical efficiency curve model are implemented in the boiler network optimization. The tradeoff between model complexity and plant experimentation is investigated in this case study. The RTO system using a fundamental model can track this changing optimum closely without plant experimentation. Using an empirical efficiency curve model, experimentation is required to track the changing optimum responding to the disturbances in fuel composition and heat exchanger fouling. There is a loss in boiler efficiency during experimentation which is not desirable for tracking fast disturbances. The model-free direct search method takes a lot of steps to reach the optimum, and a significant loss in boiler efficiency is observed during transient.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Development of a SEM Microlithography System: Application to GHz Surface Acoustic Wave Devices

contributor:
Campbell, C.K.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
This thesis concerns itself with the design and implementation of an electron beam lithography system. A novel microcomputer-controlled vector-scan pattern generator was constructed and interfaced to a commercially available scanning electron microscope (SEM). A software monitor program was incorporated into the 8-bit microcomputer, which allows pattern data entry in decimal coordinates via a keyboard/display interface, and subsequent storage of the coded data on cassette tape.

The usable scan field size for accurate pattern exposure in the Stereoscan Mark II A SEM has been determined to be 1mm x 1mm. The electron beam lithography system was used to scan a 1 GHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line pattern, which featured a total of 480 fingers, each 7,680 Å in width. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) electron-sensitive resist was used for the pattern exposures, and a linear charge density of 1 x 10ˉ⁸ C/cm was used. The lift-off fabrication process was used to obtain the final device circuit features. The resulting delay line exhibited an untuned insertion loss of 24.3 dB, and was subsequently incorporated into the feedback loop of an amplifier with excess gain to form a SAW oscillator.

Several other circuit patterns were scanned, including a 2 GHz SAW delay line with 3000 Å linewidths, and sub-micron bubble memory T-I bar circuits. Details of all the scanning parameters are given, along with the pattern exposure results.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Measurement and Modelling of a Free-Space Optical Link and In-Field OFDM Experiment

contributor:
Hranilovic, Steve
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Free-Space Optical Communications
Experimental FSO Link
Channel Measurement and Modelling
OFDM over FSO
Systems and Communications
Systems and Communications

abstract: Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a potential technology for last-mile applications. Key advantages are the unlicensed spectrum, high transmission rates, and inherent security. Moreover, Radio-over-FSO (RoFSO) allows seamless integration between the incompatible radio frequency (RF) and optical networks. Such advantages qualify FSO systems to take a front seat in next-generation broadband communication networks. However, the main challenge for FSO systems is the performance degradation imposed by the atmospheric attenuation and turbulence. To exploit the advantages of FSO systems, accurate and computationally-efficient channel models are required. This thesis represents in-field experimental work related to FSO channel measurement as well as the transmission of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) over the FSO channel. A 1.87-km FSO link installed at McMaster University is employed. A high-speed field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digitizer board is used as the underlying hardware platform for interface with the link. A system-on-three-FPGAs is implemented to act as a universal transceiver for signals composed using MATLAB. A new technique is developed for conducting the FSO channel measurement. An optical signal intensity-modulated by a high frequency sinusoid is transmitted. The received signal undergoes a fast-Fourier transform (FFT) to filter out a large portion of the interfering noise providing more accurate measurements. Fitting with the log-normal distribution is investigated. A finite-state Markov model is also derived and its accuracy is verified by the simulation results. The first realization of an in-field OFDM over FSO transmission system is implemented and tested over the link. The received signal is investigated on the symbol level and constellation diagrams are visualized. Transmission rates up to 300 Mbps are achieved with average symbol-error rate (SER) on the order of 10-6.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Applying System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) to Hazard Analysis

contributor:
Wassyng, Alan
Spencer Smith, Mark Lawford
Computing and Software

subject: Hazard analysis

subject: System-theoretic accident model and processes (STAMP)

subject: STAMP-based Process Analysis (STPA)

subject: Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)

subject: Fault tree analysis (FTA)

subject: Darlington shutdown systems

subject: Computer Engineering

subject: Computer Engineering

abstract:
Although traditional hazard analysis techniques, such as failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA), and fault tree analysis (FTA) have been used for a long time, they are not well-suited to handling modern systems with complex software, human-machine interactions, and decision-making procedures. This is mainly because traditional hazard analysis techniques rely on a direct cause-effect chain and have no unified guidance to lead the hazard analysis. The Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) is based on systems theory to try to find out as much as possible about the factors involved in a hazard, and with providing clear guidance as to the control structure leading to the hazard.

The Darlington Nuclear Power Generating Station was the first nuclear plant in the world in which the safety shutdown systems are computer controlled. Although FTA and FMEA have already been applied to these shutdown systems, Ontario power generation felt that it is still useful to try recent advances to evaluate whether they can improve on the previous hazard analysis.

This thesis introduces the two most common traditional techniques of hazard analysis, FTA and FMEA, as well as two systemic techniques, STPA (which is a hazard analysis method associated with STAMP), and the Functional Resonance Accident Model (FRAM). The thesis also explains why we chose STPA to apply to the Darlington Shutdown System case, and provides an example of the application as well as an evaluation of its use compared with FMEA and FTA.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Investigation of the Neuromuscular Control of the Shoulder When Performing Concurrent Upper Extremity Tasks

contributor:
Keir, Peter
Potvin, Jim
MacDermid, Joy
Kinesiology

subject:
Shoulder
Rotator Cuff
Electromyography
Neuromuscular Control
Biomechanics
Biomechanics

abstract: The purpose of the thesis was to evaluate the neuromuscular control of shoulder muscles when performing concurrent shoulder and hand or elbow efforts in healthy and injured individuals. Of particular interest was the response of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles to performing an additional hand task, such as gripping, while also performing different shoulder actions. Two studies were undertaken to provide the necessary groundwork for the subsequent two studies of this thesis. The first study investigated whether changes to shoulder muscle activity previously seen with gripping where the result of the novelty of using feedback to regulate grip force. This study found that changes in shoulder muscle activity with gripping are not diminished with repetition. The second study provided an improved method of normalizing electromyograms from dynamic contractions and was used in the subsequent studies of this thesis. Studies 3 and 4 of this thesis examined the response of shoulder muscles in healthy individuals during static sub-maximal efforts and maximal dynamic efforts in flexion and scapular planes with neutral and supinated forearm postures. Three conditions were tested in both studies: (i) no additional load, (ii) gripping to 30% of maximum and (iii) contracting the biceps to 30% of maximum. A prevailing theme found during sub-maximal contractions was individuality in neuromuscular recruitment strategies and precluded any significant effects of gripping or biceps contractions. During dynamic contractions, concurrent shoulder efforts with gripping and biceps contractions was found to significantly decrease deltoid, supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle forces during flexion with supinated forearm posture. This thesis provided a thorough examination of shoulder electromyography in healthy individuals, improving our understanding of the neuromuscular control of the shoulder musculature. A common theme of this thesis was the individuality of neuromuscular strategies of the shoulder.

abstract: Doctor of Science  (PhD)


title: STRUCTURE/FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF THE MINOR T-PILUS COMPONENT VIRB5 FROM AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS

contributor:
Baron, Christian
Turlough Finan, Justin Nodwell
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Type IV Secretion Systems (T4SS) are machineries required for the virulence of many Gram-negative pathogens. They contribute to bacterial competence, conjugation and the translocation of toxins from bacteria into eukaryotic hosts. In the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the T4SS complex is composed of 11 VirB proteins (VirB1-VirB11) and VirD4. The VirB/D4 complex spans the bacterial envelope and assembles filamentous T-pili, which extend into the extracellular environment and mediate inter-bacterial conjugation as well as the formation of Crown Gall tumors on plants.

In my Ph.D. project, the role of VirB5 during the T4SS process occupied the major focus. VirB5 is required for inter-bacterial conjugation and to incite tumors on plant surfaces. Previous research has demonstrated that VirB5 is indispensable for the assembly of the outermost T4SS section, the T-pilus. In addition, detailed analysis of the VirB5 ortholog, TraC, form the Escherichia coli plasmid system pKM101 revealed that this putative pilus protein might be exploited during the Type IV-dependent phage binding prior to entrance into bacterial cells. Collectively, previous research findings led to the hypothesis that VirB5 is a minor T4SS component with a T-pilus associated form, which contributes to agrobacterial pathogenesis (Schmidt-Eisenlohr, Domke et al. 1999). Towards addressing this hypothesis, several approaches were undertaken such as forced localization of VirB5 to various sub-cellular compartments, PCR mutagenesis, C-terminal truncation and alanine replacements. An optimized immuno-electron microscopy (immuno-EM) procedure was also applied during the course of my studies.

Forced localization of VirB5 to the outer membrane of the periplasmic space using an inner trans-membrane domain fused to its amino- or carboxyl-terminus led to a nonfunctional T4SS and abolished T-pilus assembly. Using immuno-EM, VirB5 was found to associate with the T-pilus tips, bacterial surface and the ends of the detached pili. Characterization of VirB5 C-terminal deletion and alanine replacement variants revealed that VirB5 may be assigned an important role in host cell specificity.

As result of other investigation of the necessity of VirB5 for agrobacterial pathogenesis, a former Ph.D. candidate in Dr. Baron’s laboratory in Munich (Dr. Lilian Krall) found that VirB5 interacts with the agrobacterial host range factor trans-zeatin synthesizing enzyme, Tzs. My follow-up work showed that, similar to VirB5, Tzs localizes to the bacterial surface. Unlike the T4SS transglyosylase VirB1, Tzs is not secreted into the culture supernatant. Using Blue Native Electrophoresis (BNE), it was shown that the association of Tzs with agrobacterial protein complexes of diverse molecular masses was significantly altered in case of the virB5 deletion mutant CB1005. Taken together, these results highlighted that VirB5 is a key protein required for the cell surface localization of the Tzs.

The result of my Ph.D. study have significantly contributed towards better understanding the role of VirB5 during the T4SS process and have opened numerous research avenues to better understand the method(s) by which T4SS machineries from the source pathogen can recognize the recipient.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Mimetic Quality at the Rhetorical Figures in Julian at Norwich's Showings

contributor:
Savage, Anne
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: This thesis is an examination of the relationship between Julian of Norwich's theological concepts and some of the rhetorical figures that she uses to describe those concepts. The sixteen revelations presented in the long text of Julian's Showings are a combination of her visions and her own conclusions on their meaning after twenty years of contemplation. Julian's Showings are an attempt to reveal to her readers a divine experience that she often claims is beyond her words. Significantly, her verbal structures often become mimetic representations of her theological beliefs through the use of rhetorical figures. Chapters One through Seven deal respectively with inclusio, complexio, dissolutio, contentio, chiasmus and commutatio, adnominatio, and traductio. Through their patterns of repetition and balance, these figures highlight various aspects of the implicit relationship between humans and the Divinity, humans and humans, and even between the Divinity and the Divinity. Often, her figures serve to reconcile apparent opposites or bring various parts into a unified whole. Julian's theology is one of divine love and the unification between God and humanity; her rhetorical figures serve as the instruments that turn her visionary words into theologically mimetic structures.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Tradition and Experience: The Functional Theology of a Congregation at Worship (Hillcrest Mennonite Church)

contributor:
Knowles, Michael
Divinity College

abstract: The thesis that this dissertation seeks to demonstrate is that the functional theology of a congregation at worship is shaped both by the received theological tradition in which it stands, and by primary theology as experienced and reported by the worshippers. The underlying assumption is that theology and worship are intrinsically linked; each time people worship they "do theology." This is primary theology, while secondary theology consists of reflection on this first-order experience. The Trinity is a "given" of the received faith in Christian worship.With this assertion as a starting point, the dissertation explores the implications of trinitarian language and thought for worship, beginning with the secondary theology of traditional orthodoxy, then proceeding to the primary theology of worship as experienced and described by those who worship at Hillcrest Mennonite Church. The dissertation takes a phenomenological approach: using interviews and a questionnaire, congregants were invited to describe their own experiences of worship, both in terms of general Christian orthodoxy and of Anabaptist theology. Hillcrest stands within the Anabaptist tradition, which shapes their theology and experience of worship. The dissertation describes Anabaptist history, theology, practice and worship, from which Mennonite theology and worship is derived. Such a description of the essential characteristics of Anabaptist-Mennonite worship determined a series of questions for the survey project, designed to measure the participants' affinity with Anabaptist indicators. Templates measuring personal piety, degree of communalism, ethics, and the relation to daily life were also used. The purpose of the project was to discover people's experience (primary theology) of worship. The desired outcome is to ensure that people at Hillcrest are nurtured by a worship which is both relevant to their personal experience, and authentically faithful to the tradition in which they stand.

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: THE PROBLEMS OF THE "NON-FAILURE" POLICY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLING

contributor:
Najm, S.M.
Beattie, Catherine
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: In recent years the widely publicized criticism that a great number of students lack the basic skills have deepened the concerns of teachers, parents and employers about the adequacy of student promotion policies. Guidelines introduced by the Ontario Ministry of Education since the mid-seventies have failed to address this issue by allowing local school boards to set and implement their own policies for student promotion. At present, many elementary schools are committed to the "nonfailure" policy claiming that "continuous" promotion is beneficial to students. However, there is strong evidence to support the claim that such policy fails to promote effective learning. The topic was selected to examine the validity of the assumptions on which such policy is based and to discuss the implications for the elementary schools. Adequate promotion policies are crucial to the effectiveness of education and teachers must question the appropriateness and validity of evaluation procedures.

abstract: Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)


title: A Model for Church Planting in the Christian and Missionary Alliance of Canada

contributor:
Irvine, Andrew R.
Divinity College

abstract: This thesis arises out of fourteen years of pastoral experience as a church planter. I entered into the Doctor of Ministry program with a desire to learn the reasons for the failings I observed in my own churches and the similar struggles I was hearing about from other church planters. There are those who argue that growth is not a measure of church health. This is easy to say when your church has 300 members, multiple ministries and is managing its' budget. But when you have 50 members and must decide between paying your pastors' salary and the rent on your facility, growth is critical. Thus this thesis is about growth in the context of planting new churches and the dynamics that will sustain growth in the long term. My journey to the proposal for this thesis began with the reading of a contemporary church planters' book entitled The Purpose Driven Church by Rick Warren. Warren had succeeded dramatically as a church planter. However one contemporary success story was not compelling enough for me since so many have come and gone over the years as the latest fad. It was during the preparation of a paper on John Wesley that I began to note remarkable similarities between Wesley and Warren in both philosophy and methodology. A model began to take shape in my mind. I felt that if this model was a correct or possibly even the correct one that it would be confirmed by studying the book of Acts, the greatest church planting manual in the history of the Church. Thus this thesis begins with a historical study of the book of Acts with a view to discovering biblical church planting principles. A similar study follows on Wesley in chapter three and then Warren in chapter four. Our goal was to discover the presence of a model for church planting that is consistently applied in three distinct historical and cultural contexts. With this model in mind we turned to the Canadian sociological climate in chapter five with a view to discovering if Canada was a receptive church planting context. We follow in chapter six with an analysis of the usefulness of the best available church planting manuals. Chapter seven is a statistical analysis of the Christian and Missionary Alliance in Canada from 1981 to 1995. Statistics on giving, missions, membership, professions of faith, Sunday School attendance, and mid-week ministries were gathered in order to calculate national averages and establish a baseline for comparison. The numbers for all churches that were planted during that time were compared with this baseline and then our model was used to discover whether growth patterns correlated. Chapter eight presents the results of a survey given to C&MA pastors who had planted churches from 1981 to 1995. Our church planting model is incorporated into the survey with a view to discovering their attitudes towards it and if what they did as church planters reflects their commitment to it. By combining the insights from chapters two through eight we are able to draw conclusions that sustain our proposal. I trust that those who read this will profit as much as I have and will surpass me as church planters.

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: Politics, Protest and the Press: New Right Hegemony, Crisis Discourse and the 1997 Ontario Teachers' Strike

contributor:
Knight, Graham
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis is a discussion of the discursive construction of an education crisis in Ontario under the Progressive Conservative government of the 1990s. It first describes the historical emergence of New Right hegemony in Ontario and pays critical attention to the formation and meaning of crisis and crisis response. Second, it discusses the role of the mass media, and the press in particular, in the construction of crisis, by describing the ways in which events are reported and understood in their journalistic context by newsreaders. The empirical component of the thesis is served by a content and critical discourse analysis of 'mainstream' news text and photographs from the 1997 Ontario teachers' strike. It is argued that crises are compositional arrangements that depend crucially upon the active participation of a variety of individuals and groups who, in their unity, help to transform the balance of political forces that delineate and govern social and political change.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Political Idealism in Poland During the Crisis of 1980-1981

contributor:
Bromke, Adam
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: Despite the complexity of the Polish August, political idealism stands out as the most pervasive and pressing influence on Polish society during that period. Moreover, the Polish crisis fits a pattern in Polish history which has been dominant since the 18th century. Ever since the partitions, the Poles have had to make certain assumptions about their political dilemma. The focal point of the political debate in Poland has centred on combating foreign oppression. Therefore, the great divide in Polish political thought has characteristically been between two opposing schools of thought. On the one side, the political idealists, or the "romantics", as the Poles call them. On the other side, the political realists, or the "positivists". This division cuts through various social and political groupings and tends to split the Poles between those who advocate independence as a first priority and those who advocate organic work. Because of the pivotal role played by these two competing forces in Polish history, they have been able to bring into their ranks the different political groups with varied ideologies that have existed in Poland over time. While Poland, like other nations, has been divided on internal social reform, the division between the idealists and realists is still the most dominant feature of Polish politics. The dynamics of the competition between the realists and idealists has produced a characteristic cyclical rhythm in Polish politics, where one of the two groups would gain the confidence of the Polish people and then, for some reason, lose it to the other. By the end of 1981, and especially after the Solidarity Congress in October, political idealism had become the guiding force. The Poles were unwilling to moderate both their desire for extensive economic and political reforms and their historical dream of Polish independence.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Study of Fermi Surfaces of ReO₃ and Hg₂.₈₆AsF₆

contributor:
Datars, W.R.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: The Fermi surfaces of ReO₃ and Hg₂.₈₆AsF₆ have been studied. Open orbits have been observed in ReO₃ in magnetic fields up to 5.5 T by the induced torque method. The experimental results show that the third band Fermi surface of ReO₃ is connected along the <100> directions as predicted by Mattheiss' augmented-plane-wave band structure calculation. de Haas-van Alphen frequencies of ReO₃ have been measured as a function of pressure up to 5 kbar with the magnetic field along the [111] and [001] crystallographic directions. THe variation of the frequencies with pressure is linear at low pressure and for the α frequencies follows free electron scaling predictions. Above 3 kbar, all cross seotional areas increase much faster with pressure. The area compressibilities are one order of magnitude higher than the low ressure area compressibilities. The Dingle temperature and the g-factor along [111] in ReO₃ were measured as a function of pressure up to 5 kbar. The resistivity of ReO₃ was also measured as a function of pressure at room temperature and at 110 K. The increase in the de Haas-van Alphen frequencies of ReO₃ above 3 kbar may be attributed to an increase in covalent bonding or a rotation of the oxygen atoms at high pressure. Measurement of the de Haas-van Alphen effect, at 1.1 K, in the linear-chain mercury compound Hg₂.₈₆AsF₆ indicates that the Fermi surface consists of a set of cylinders with axes along the c-axis. The multiplicity of cylinders is shown to arise from a translation of the Fermi surface sheets by a superlattice formed by the incommensurate mercury chains.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Empowered Followers: The Measure of Success for Effective Leadership

contributor:
Bellous, Joyce E.
Divinity College

abstract: Through the pages of this thesis, I articulate a biblical model for leadership and power, focusing on the relationship between leaders and followers. I contend that the goal - the measure of success - of effective leadership is the transformation and empowerment of the follower as opposed to quantitative or organizational success. The thesis opens with a definition of leadership as being influence. This leads to the discussion of power as the core of the leader/follower relationship. I examine scripture's description of power abuses that are at the root of the "patron/client" social order. Jesus reverses the social order both in his teaching and his behaviour and concludes, "You are not to be like that!" (Luke 22:26). Following Jesus' example, the Christian leaders' first responsibility is to empower their followers in a community of mutual inquiry and reciprocal submission. I apply these discussions to the contemporary cultural situation, often labeled "postmodern," and the significant challenges it presents for Christian leaders. Postmodern culture demands, I suggest, a renewed emphasis on authentic relationship between Christian leaders and postmodern followers and a renewed sense of mission. That is, postmodern culture provides new challenges that should be met with rigorous application of "Kingdom" principles of mutual respect and ethical living. In sum, leadership, to be biblical, must transform followers to be empowered servants who carry Jesus' message to a seeking world.

abstract: Master of Theological Studies (MTS)


title: CULT AND GENDER IN THE GENELEOS GROUP FROM SAMOS

contributor:
Umboltz, G.
Classical Studies

subject: Classics Classics

abstract: The Geneleos Group from the Heraion at Samos is a monument unparalleled in the Archaic period. The unique composition of this monument, which includes one seated, four standing, and one reclining figure on a long base, has led to disagreement concerning who these figures represent and what activity is depicted. The most frequently cited interpretation is that the Geneleos Group represents a nuclear family group taking part in a banquet; other scholars have identified this group as a generational family group, or a group of priestesses. Issues which affect the interpretation of the monument include the gender of the figures, their attributes, and identifying inscriptions. The comparanda cited by many scholars who follow the nuclear family group interpretation are narrow and limited by their preconceptions about who and what this monument represents. When a wider range of monuments are considered as comparanda for the individual figures, the postures, clothing, attributes and inscriptional information which previously had been considered indicators of a nuclear family group, actually diminish the credibility of this model and increase the plausibility of other identifications. The location of the monument is another important consideration that is not adequately addressed in the nuclear family group theory; the Geneleos Group was positioned along the Sacred Way leading to the temple, it was proximate to the altar and was in clear view of the temple of Hera. The prominent position of this monument in the sanctuary may indicate that the figures rendered had important roles in the sanctuary as attendants to the goddess. Although little is known about the cult practices and festivals from the Samian Heraion, Pausanias discusses the Heraea at Elis, which was organized by the Sixteen Women and their assistants. Pausanias also mentions footraces and dances which were performed in honour of Hera; the activities described in his account correlate nicely with the figures in the Geneleos Group. From its pose, it is clear that the reclining figure was a highly respected individual and she may have been an administrator of the festival; the seated figure, a married woman, may have assisted the reclining figure; the figure beside the seated figure was possibly a participant in the footraces, and the three standing maidens are depicted taking part in a ritual dance. Although questions concerning this monument still remain, reexamination of the physical evidence, scholarly arguments, comparanda, context and literary evidence together suggest a new interpretation of the Geneleos Group.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Total Versus Split Body Resistance Training In Young Women

contributor:
Sale, Digby
Human Biodynamics

subject:
Other Life Sciences
Other Life Sciences

abstract: Thirty women (20-22 y) were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 10: a total body (TB) and a split body (SB) training groups and control group. The SB group performed 4 strength training sessions per week (two upper and two lower body), while the TB group trained both upper and lower body muscle groups together, twice weekly. It took 45-60 minutes to complete training either the upper or lower body muscle groups. Training consisted of five sets of 6-12 repetition maximum (RM) per exercise for 20 weeks. In comparison to the control group, the trained groups decreased relative fat mass (dual-energy x-ray densitometry, -1. 2%, P < 0.006) and increased whole body (3.3%, P < 0.001) and combined arm lean mass (10.0%, P < 0.007) as well as 1 RM (P < 0.0005) arm curl (73%), bench press (28%) and leg press (22%) strength. In contrast, training caused no increase in electrically evoked twitch peak torque or motor unit aotivation (interpolated twitch method) for right knee extension or elbow flexion. Only elbow flexion increased in maximum voluntary isometric strength. Arms were more responsive to training than legs. There appeared to be a trend toward greater gains in strength and muscle size with TB training. However, these differences were not statistically significant. No advantage resulted when a total body strength training session of less than 2 hours was split into separate upper and lower body workouts. Key Words: weight training; training specific and non-specific strength; muscle hypertrophy

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Setting and Display of Cult Images in the Archaic and Classical Periods in Greece.

contributor:
Umholtz, Gretchen
Classical Studies

subject: Classics Classics

abstract: The focus of this thesis is on ancient archaic and classical Greek cult statues and how their placement reflects both the role of the statues themselves and the continuity in worship. Greek sanctuaries generally exhibited a strong continuity of cult in terms of building successive temples directly on top of the remains of their predecessors. The sanctuary of Hera on Samos and the sanctuary of Apollo at Didyma are two such sanctuaries in Asia Minor that exhibit this type of continuity even though their early temples were replaced by large superstructures. The temple of Athena Nike in Athens is another example of continuity, since the larger Classical temple was built on the same site as the archaic one. The Athenian Parthenon, the temple of Zeus at Olympia, the Classical Heraion at Argos and the Classical temple of Dionysos on the south slope in Athens, however, were not built on the same site as the archaic temples. The relation to the archaic site varies in each instance, but old statues or old sites continue to play a role. The erection of these temples seems to correspond with a recent political victory in each city; I believe that these achievements provided the impetus for the building of these large temples and statues. This seems quite evident considering that each temple contained quite vivid victory imagery: the architectural sculpture was usually symbolic of various conquests made by the Greeks, and the colossal statue housed in the cella often depicted the same themes. Were they built primarily to showcase their newly acquired power and prosperity? They certainly would have provided the sanctuary with a new and very impressive physical focus, monumental in both scale and expense. But did they also serve as a new spiritual focus? I do not think that they became the new focus of the cult, although they were likely involved in it to some degree. I believe that the focus remained on the ancient cult site and on the ancient cultic traditions. I think that the new adjacent temple was primarily built as a type of victory monument, as an ostentatious display of wealth and power that was meant to both impress the visitor and to thank the deity for helping the city achieve their success. This study will examine the traditional religious conservatism evident in the archaic period and see how it relates to the new needs of the fifth century polis. The study of the location of the cult statues seems to reveal evolving priorities in Greek religious life from the sixth to fifth centuries BC.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE TEMPTATION-CLAUSE OF THE LORD'S PRAYER

contributor:
Schuller, E.
Meyer, B.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The thesis begins with an exegetical review of the Our Father as word of the historical Jesus. It progresses through exegetical reviews of the same prayer in the Matthean and Lucan traditions respectively. In all three analyses, the focus is on the sixth petition: "Lead us not into temptation." By focusing on the sixth petition, the study brings maximum attention, first, to the difficulties raised by this text from early in the life of Christianity to the present time. Some of the incentive of the study derives from C. F. D. Moule's treatment of "An Unsolved Problem in the Temptation - Clause in the Lord's Prayer," Reformed Theological Review 33 (1974): 65-75. The study offers an answer to this "unsolved problem." Second, it attempts to answer the question of what is meant by the sixth petition not only at three phases in the tradition (Jesus, Matthew, Luke), but by reflection on the petition in all its parts, e.g., examining each of the words "and lead us not into temptation" and how each functions in the whole petition. (Hence, treatment of the verb εỉσεvεykῃs, the preposition εἰs, and the noun πεipασμόv, their relationship to each other, and their collaboration to form one idea will be necessary.) In part two the object of reflection will be God's role in temptation as perceived in the Bible, and the point of praying "lead us not into temptation." The study does not neglect treatment of temptation in the Old Testament, nor does it fail to deal with the reasons accounting for why this theme has the distinct contour that it assumes in the New Testament.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Effects of Sanctions on Iraq

contributor:
Nossal, Kim R.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: The purpose of this thesis was to examine the impact and the effectiveness of the sanctions imposed on Iraq, and to determine whether the impact prompted Iraqi compliance with the goals of the sanctioning coalition. This thesis argues that although Iraq was an ideal target and the impact on the country was indeed calamitous, this has not induced the effects desired by the sanctioning coalition. The punitive nature of the sanctions, in conjunction with the ambitious agenda outlined by the sanctioning coalition have prevented Iraq from complying with the goals of the sanctions. By indefinitely prolonging the sanctions, the Iraqi population continues to suffer from insufficient food and medicine, while the Iraqi regime remains impervious to the sanctioning coalition's demands. The Iraqi case study has provided strong evidence that the premise underlying international economic sanctions is false; sanctions should not be imposed under the assumption that increasing the damage to the population will induce compliance.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: RESTING PLACES: MAKING MEANING IN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL METAFICTION Form, Process and Reader-Response in Kristjana Gunnars' The Prowler and Michael Ondaatje's Running in the Family

contributor:
Coleman, Daniel
English

subject:
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
This interdisciplinary thesis explores and endeavours to demonstrate the compositegenres and forms demanded by contemporary autobiographical narratives in order toaccomplish the textual distillation of a remote history. It focuses on the processes bywhich authors of personal, critically self-conscious and often culturally specific narratives, cognisant of the immutable experience of recovering disparate histories,engage the reader in generating meaning by moving beyond the traditional truth-claim ofthe autobiographical toward an interactive, process-oriented documentation of a physical/psychical journey.

The critical component of this study examines the impulses behind and strategies of Kristjana Gunnars' The Prowler and Michael Ondaatje's Running in the Family, two autobiographical metafictions wherein the author casts back to a remote time and place inthe quest for familial and cultural identity. I reference theories of autobiography, thepostmodern and readerresponse to indicate how such multi-form and cross-genre textsare constructed and how they function both as literature and as exponents of a newly-flexible, interrelated creative and critical practice.

I introduce several figurative terms in modelling the interaction of writer and reader around the narrative and critical content of the text; the most prominent of these is thenotion of a resting place in the text where the writer's meta-narrative, or metafiction,resonates with the reader's conception of the process of recovering a fragmented subjectivity

The insertion of my own biofictional writing and the accompanying photographic and artimages is meant to activate the critical models put forth, engaging my reader in the creation of bridges between different functional levels in the postmodern or compositetext: that of the story and the meta-story, the literary and the critical, or the linguistic and the visual. There emerges a persistent circularity in my treatment of Gunnars and Ondaatje, indicative of the methodology of the texts themselves.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: FECUNDITY, OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE IN ADULT BLACK-FLIES (SIMULIIDAE) WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION

contributor:
Davies, D.M.
Biology

subject:
Biology
Life Sciences
Biology

abstract:
Reproductive potential and its seasonal fulfillmentwas studied in several mammalophilic and ornithophilic black-flies near Hamilton and in Algonquin Park, Ontario.In all species examined there was variation in adult female size. A relationship was established between both potentialand actual fecundity, and fly size.

In autogenous species there was variation in thestage of ovarian development at emergence, but the stage was consistently more advanced than that in newly emerged anautogenous species. In anautogenous species, some ovarian development occurred after emergence until a resting stage, considered to be stage Ila.

Changes in the proportion of parous flies in onemammalophilic and three ornithophilic species was monitored for two seasons and other conditions such as mating, stage of ovarian development, and relict eggs were recorded.

Studies of vertical distribution of Simulium venustum females in an open spruce canopy demonstrated fly movementsfrom the canopy to ground, level during the day until lateafternoon and subsequent movements back up to the canopy inthe evening.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Effect of a Neurodynamic Treatment on Nerve Conduction in Clients with Low Back Pain

contributor:
Galea, Victoria
Woodhouse, Linda
Joy MacDermid, Anita Gross
Rehabilitation Science

subject:
Neurodynamics
Mobilizations
Low back pain
Nerve conduction
H-reflex
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy

abstract:
Neurodynamics refers to the mechanical and physiological components of

the nervous system and the interconnections between them (Shacklock, 1995).

This is a phase 1 pilot trial investigating the immediate effect of a neurodynamic

treatment as compared to a sham treatment in eight participants with low back

pain. Primary outcome measures included: H-reflex latency and nerve

conduction velocity. Secondary outcome measures included: the sitting slump

test and visual analog scale for pain following a neurodynamic treatment

compared to a sham treatment on eight participants with low back pain. T-tests

were used to analyze any differences between the groups at baseline and post-

intervention. No statistically significant differences were observed between the

groups at baseline. Statistically significant differences were noted post-

intervention between the treatment groups for H-reflex latency (t(5)=4.323,

p=0.008) and the unaffected leg sitting slump test (t(5)=3.402, p=0.019). The H-

reflex latency increased for the group following the neurodynamic treatment and

decreased following the sham treatment. This was not expected and is of

interest due to the possible mechanisms that may be underlying these

phenomena. Despite the small sample size used in this study, differences were

observed and displayed trends that were unanticipated. These between-group

differences are of interest but require further investigation using a larger sample

population. Sample size calculations for future studies based on the primary

outcome measures yielded a sample of 2008 participants. This accounted for

both a 20% difference between the two groups and a 20% dropout rate. Future

studies need to investigate the most beneficial length of time, type and dosage of

neurodynamic treatments, as well as, the most appropriate times to assess the

outcome measures. Comparison to controls would be beneficial in subsequent

studies.

abstract: Master of Science Rehabilitation Science (MSc)


title: The Effects of Bifidobacterium Longum NCC3001 on AH Neuron Excitability and Slow Wave Activity of the Mouse Intestine

contributor: Medical Sciences (Division of Physiology/Pharmacology)

subject:
gut-brain axis
probiotics
afferent neuron
Digestive, Oral, and Skin Physiology
Digestive, Oral, and Skin Physiology

abstract:
The small intestine holds an intrinsic ability to digest and absorb nutrients from the food we intake without intervention from the central nervous system. This ability is made possible by the population of cells that inhabit the gut, particularly interstitial cells of Cajal of the myenteric plexus and sensory primary intrinsic neurons (AH cells), which ultimately influence muscle function and motility. The AH cells are the first neurons in the hierarchy of sensory neurons in the gut and are therefore a perfect candidate to test the effects of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 supernatant since in a physiological setting the metabolites secreted by this bacterium can interact with the AH cells directly or indirectly through absorption by the mucosa.

The probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 has been shown to normalize anxiety-like behaviour and hippocampal brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels in mice infected with Trichuris muris in a model of infectious colitis. Utilizing a chronic model of colitis, a study was conducted to decipher whether or not the anxiolytic effects of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 involved the vagus. My specific objective in this study was to find evidence for interaction between B.longum NCC3001 and myenteric neurons as a potential route for B.longum NCC3001 to influence CNS function. We assessed a cell’s electro-responsiveness through spike discharge, which is the number of action potentials elicited in response to a supra-threshold depolarizing current injection.

The electro-responsiveness of neurons perfused with B. longum NCC3001 supernatant (conditioned medium; n = 4) was significantly reduced compared to the control group (those perfused with Krebs solution; n = 5; P = 0.016). The electro-responsiveness of neurons perfused with the conditioned medium was also significantly lower than that of neurons perfused with unconditioned group (MRS growth medium alone) group (n = 4; P = 0.029). In comparing the excitabilities of the neurons in the control group with that of the control media group, there was no statistical difference (P = 0.29).

In subsequent studies, the objective was to identify the AH cells and to determine the effect of B. longum NCC3001 conditioned medium on this population of cells. The electro-responsiveness as measured through spike discharge of AH cells perfused with the conditioned medium (n = 5) was significantly reduced compared to neurons perfused with the unconditioned medium (n = 5; P = 0.02). Sensory neurons perfused with the conditioned medium (n = 9) exhibited a significant reduction in their instantaneous input resistances compared to neurons perfused with the unconditioned medium (n = 8; P = 0.01). There was also a significant reduction in the time-dependent input resistance of neurons perfused with the conditioned medium (n = 9) compared to neurons perfused with the unconditioned medium (n = 8; P = 0.02). In addition, perfusion of the conditioned medium over sensory neurons (n = 9) significantly reduced the magnitude of the hyperpolarization-activated cationic current (Ih) compared to neurons perfused with the unconditioned medium (n = 8; P = 0.0003). Furthermore, there was also a significant reduction in the action potential half width duration of myenteric sensory neurons perfused with conditioned medium (n = 5) compared to that exhibited by neurons perfused with the unconditioned medium (n = 5; P = 0.008).

In later experiments, we wanted to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the effect of this bacterium on the gut so we evaluated its effects on the gut musculature. Upon full immersion, the supernatant of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 (conditioned medium) caused an initial depolarization of the circular smooth muscle cell. This depolarization continued until the slow wave oscillations in these cells ceased and membrane potential would plateau. Several minutes after this plateau, the slow wave oscillations reappeared and the cell was significantly hyperpolarized relative to the conditions before conditioned medium was added. The resting membrane potential of circular smooth muscle cells in Krebs solution was -54.3 mV and -70.3 mV approximately two minutes after full immersion by the supernatant when the cell was hyperpolarized and a stable recorded was achieved (n = 7; P = 0.02). The average time of onset of depolarization was 18.6 s and the average change in membrane potential (depolarization) from onset of effect to its plateau was 14.0 mV (n = 7). Occasionally, the addition of the conditioned medium only caused an immediate but slight depolarization (n = 3) and in other cases caused only a hyperpolarization of the cell (n = 3) with no significant changes in any slow wave characteristics in either case. Furthermore, any cells that exhibited the waxing and waning of the slow wave lost this pattern upon the addition of the conditioned medium (n = 10).

In attempts to understand the role of neurotransmission in this system, we conducted several experiments whereby carbachol (acetylcholine agonist) and L-NNA (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) were administered to the muscle. Prior to the addition of 1μM carbachol or 2e-4 M L-NNA, we would only observe the pacemaker slow wave associated with the interstitial cells of Cajal of the myenteric plexus during the perfusion of Krebs solution. Upon the addition of carbachol (n = 3) or L-NNA (n = 4), we would observe a second slower frequency pattern appear, referred to as a waxing and waning pattern.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Reduction of Human Epileptic Seizure Rate Via Operant Conditioning of Scalp Bioelectric Activity

contributor:
Cott, Arthur
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: A behavioral method for reducing the rate of seizure emission in epileptic outpatients was investigated. This procedure - operant conditioning of the electroencephalographic sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) with time-outs for epileptiform activity and large amplitude electromyographic activity - has been successfully applied to a variety of seizure disorders. Results from the first study reported in this thesis showed that neither SMR reinforcement nor changes in SMR density are necessary or sufficient for decreasing seizure frequency, and that changes in parameters of time-out activity are unrelated to changes in seizure rate. A second long-term study indicated that time-outs for either high- or low-voltage scalp electromyographic activity produced equivalent and significant reduction in seizure rate. Informal observations supplemented by pretraining psychometric test data and daily self-monitoring data suggest that the operant conditioning procedure effects clinical results by modifying subjects' behaviors in situations realted to seizure occurrence.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Inhibition of the bacterial sialic acid synthase, NeuB

contributor:
Berti, Paul
Chemical Biology

subject:
sialic acid
NeuB
oxime
oxacarbenium ion
enzyme inhibition
slow-binding inhibitor
Neiserria meningitidis
residual activity
NeuNAc
siaC
Neu5Ac
NANA
Biochemistry
Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics
Pharmacology
Biochemistry

abstract: Sialic acid synthase (NeuB) is a key enzyme in bacterial biosynthesis of the sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc). It catalyzes the addition of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) in the presence of a divalent cation such as Mn2+. We have explored the inhibition of NeuB by an oxacarbenium ion mimic, NeuNAc oxime, and hydroxylamine (NH2OH). NeuNAc oxime shows slow-binding inhibition with a binding half-life of 2.5 h and an inhibition constant (Ki*) of 1.6(± 0.7) pM. Even though NeuNAc oxime binds NeuB with high affinity, there remains approximately 10% residual activity even after extended pre-incubation with high inhibitor concentrations. In contrast, in the presence of substrates, when NeuB was actively catalyzing NeuNAc synthesis, complete inhibition by NeuNAc oxime was observed within 6 h. This inhibition profile is similar to NH2OH; which has previously been shown to elicit complete, time-dependent inhibition. We propose the existence of two NeuB conformations: an asymmetric idle state conformation (NeuBIS), in which NeuNAc oxime is able to bind to only one monomer of this dimeric enzyme, and a second conformation, running state NeuB (NeuBRS), which is completely inhibited due to either NeuNAc oxime binding to the second monomer, or the dimer adopting a conformation in which the unbound monomer is inactive. Experiments with [1-14C]PEP showed that in the presence of large excess of substrate, inhibition occurred faster than with a lower excess. This suggests that a sustained buildup of NeuBRS is required for complete inhibition.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Probabilistic Characterization of Severe Rainstorm Events: Applications of Threshold Analysis

contributor:
Guo, Yiping
Arain, M. Altaf
Baetz, Brian W.
Civil Engineering

subject: Storm Event Analysis

subject: Inter-Event Time Definition

subject: Peak Intensity

subject: Copula

subject: Mean Monthly Temperature

subject: Storm frequency

subject: Civil Engineering

subject: Climate

subject: Meteorology

subject: Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

subject: Civil Engineering

abstract:
Hourly archived rainfall records are separated into individual rainfall events with

an Inter-Event Time Denition. Individual storms are characterized by their depth,

duration, and peak intensity. Severe events are selected from among the events for

a given station. A lower limit, or threshold depth is used to make this selection,

and an upper duration limit is established. A small number of events per year are

left, which have relatively high depth and average intensity appropriate to small

to medium catchment responses. The Generalized Pareto Distributions are tted

to the storm depth data, and a bounded probability distribution is tted to storm

duration. Peak storm intensity is bounded by continuity imposed by storm depth

and duration. These physical limits are used to develop an index measure of peak

storm intensity, called intensity peak factor, bounded on (0; 1), and tted to the Beta

distribution. The joint probability relationship among storm variables is established,

combining increasing storm depth, increasing intensity peak factor, with decreasing

storm duration as being the best description of increasing rainstorm severity. The

joint probability of all three variables can be modelled with a bivariate copula of

the marginal distributions of duration and intensity peak factor, combined simply

with the marginal distribution of storm depth. The parameters of the marginal

distributions of storm variables, and the frequency of occurrence of threshold-excess

events are used to assess possible shifts in their values as a function of time and

temperature, in order to evaluate potential climate change eects for several stations.

Example applications of the joint probability of storm variables are provided that

illustrate the need to apply the methods developed.

The overall contributions of this research combine applications of existing probabilistic

tools, with unique characterizations of rainstorm variables. Relationships

between these variables are examined to produce a new description of storm severity,

and to begin the assessment of the eects of climate change upon severe rainstorm

events.

i

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID PNEUMATIC-ELECTRIC ACTUATOR

contributor:
Bone, Gary M.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Other Mechanical Engineering
Other Mechanical Engineering

abstract: This thesis presents the development of a novel hybrid pneumatic-electric actuator which combines the advantages of both pneumatic and electrical actuator. The hybrid actuator consists of a pneumatic cylinder and a DC motor. They are connected in parallel using gears. The components are sized to provide the torque required to rotate a single-link robot arm vertically upwards. On/off solenoid valves are used rather than servo valves to keep the hardware cost low. A mathematical model of the nonlinear actuator dynamics is derived using a combination of physical laws and empirical curve fitting. The dynamics of the mechanical, electrical and pneumatic elements are included. Then a novel discrete-valued model-predictive control plus integral compensator algorithm is created for controlling the position of the pneumatic cylinder using the on/off valves. The control algorithm for the hybrid actuator is completed by using a conventional PD algorithm to control the electric motor. Experiments shows the hybrid actuator outperform pneumatic actuator in every aspect. Conversely, the DC motor added a faster acting and finer quantized force to the pneumatic cylinder force, which greatly improved the dynamic position control performance of the hybrid actuator. In experiments, the mean root-mean-square error and the maximum absolute error improved by 84% and 77%, respectively.

abstract: Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering (MSME)


title: Theological Encounters with Marx: An Examination of Jiirgen Moltmann's and Juan Luis Segundo's Dialogues with Marx

contributor:
Kroeker, Travis
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: In this thesis, I examine the way in which Jürgen Moltmann and Juan Luis Segundo dialogue with Karl Marx. I point to the general similarities and differences that exist between each theologian's encounter with Marx. The scope of this thesis is limited to an examination of two of Segundo's works, The Liberation of Theology and Faith and Ideologies, and three of Moltmann's works, Theology of Hope, The Crucified God, and The Church in the Power of the Spirit. While the thought of Marx has significantly influenced both Segundo and Moltmann, I argue throughout this thesis that Moltmann and Segundo profoundly disagree with the philosophical anthropology that is assumed by Marx. In other words, Segundo and Moltmann do not agree with Marx's way of defining the essence of the human being. Moreover, I contend that their disagreement with Marx on this issue, colours the way in which they react to every other aspect of Marx's thought. Finally, I suggest that while Moltmann is most interested in Marx's theoretical or abstract discussions, Segundo is much more concerned with the practical implications of Marx's thought.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Greek Perspectives on Cyrus and his Conquests

contributor:
Kingston, Peter
Classics

subject: Classics Classics

abstract: The aim of this paper is to examine the figure of Cyrus II of Persia, as it appears in The Histories of Herodotus and Xenophon's Cyropaedia. The author's primary concern is the historical background of the narratives, rather than their literary aspects. An attempt will be made to relate the various episodes in the Greek works to the cuneiform evidence, which is quite substantial with respect to the capture of Babylon. An examination of the cuneiform evidence (in translation) will form the main topic of the first chapter. Chapter Two will focus on the Herodotean account of Cyrus, which is the most important one to survive from the Classical world. Although the presence of various heroic motifs render substantial portions of the narrative questionable, these will nevertheless be examined in the light of the many parallels that have been found for them in the Near East and Greece itself. Also, an attempt will be made to uncover the historical truths that are quite possibly hidden beneath the mythic façade. Moreover, in the pursuit of reliable traditions, the differences and similarities between the Greek accounts and the cuneiform records will be noted. The same method will be used in the third chapter, which focuses on The Cyropaedia. Because of the largely fictitious character of this work, however, only those sections which can be related to historical events will be examined in any detail. A reconstructed biography of Cyrus, based on all viable evidence, will form the bulk of the concluding chapter. At this point the testimony of other Greek historians, most notably Ctesias, will be examined. My own views on the proper reconstruction of events will be fully expounded, but dissenting opinions will also be noted. It is inevitable that opinion be sharply divided when the relevant texts are either ambiguous or fragmentary.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: David Lynch: Momentary Consequences For A Fire Walking Identity; An Inquiry Into the Fantastic/Symptomatic Self and its Components

contributor:
King, James
English

abstract: My thesis examines the ways in which the art of David Lynch and Slavoj Žižek intertwine. My research has lead me to the discovery that the absent Žižekean 'big Other' that is responsible for maintaining symbolic cultural frameworks finds a direct representation in the character Bob from David Lynch and Mark Frost's Twin Peaks. The major emphasis of my thesis examines the idea that time does not exist outside of the human consciousness and that our lives exist in a symbiotic relationship between the symbolic universe - the world in which we are theoretically existing currently - and the post-symbolic universe of the Black Lodge. Within 'our' world the big Other is theoretically absent apart from its representation within the camera's lens. Within Bob's world, the big Other is Bob: Bob is the symbolic logical excess that cannot find a place within 'our' world yet exists theoretically nonetheless. Bob governs a dimension in which the inversion and convolution of the boundaries structuring symbolic reality - words becoming corporeal, bodies becoming linguistic - find a physical formulation. My thesis' contribution to knowledge lies in its extensive analysis of Mulholland Drive and its demonstration of how Mulholland Drive and Twin Peaks can be thought of as coincidentally occurring within and without of the temporal and spatial dimensions of each other. My development of the process of Fire Walking and its relations to Lynch's films also offers an interpretive tool that can be used to analyze several of Lynch's works. My thesis also offers methods through which an individual can understand his or her identity and cultural relationships.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: REVISING IDLDEGARD' S HABIT: VISIONARY WRITING AND THE NEW MEDIEVALISM

contributor:
Grise, Cathy
English

abstract: This paper explores the effects that various forms of literary theory such as semiotics and deconstruction have affected the field of medieval studies. In particular these new theories, now embraced by most medieval scholars, have been integrated into medievalism concurrently with the rise of feminist medievalism. The 'New Medievalism' as it has been called by scholars such as Gabrielle Spiegel and Stephen Nichols, combines the traditional fields of hermeneutics, philology and historicism with the aforementioned literary theories into a 'renovated' methodology. Both the content and the structure of this 'new' scholarship is interpreted throughout this paper by utilizing the visionary work, Scivias, written by the twelfth-century female abbess Hildegard of Bingen. Hildegard's work as a visionary, abbess, artist and playwright make her an ideal choice for a new interpretation because her work is so rich and varied. By attempting a New Medieval interpretation of one of Hildegard's visions the strengths and weaknesses of the current theories are made available.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: positive Adaptations To Weight-lifting Training in the Elderly

contributor:
McCartney, Neil
Human Biodynamics

subject:
Other Life Sciences
Other Life Sciences

abstract: Maximal weight-lifting performance, isometric strength, isokinetiic torque, whole muscle and individual fibre cross-sectional areas, and muscle evoked contractile properties were assessed in 14 elderly males before and after 12 weeks of weight-lifting training. Dynamic elbow flexion training of one arm resulted in a significant 48% mean increase in the maximal load that could be lifted once (1 RM) and a smaller improvement in isokinetic torque (8. 8%) but no change in isometric strength. In the contralateral control arm, 1 RM and isokinetic torque increased by 12.7 and 6. 5 %, respectively, but isometric strength did not change. The interpolated twitch technique confirmed complete motor unit activation during a maximal isometric contraction of the elbow flexors before and after training. Bilateral leg press training effected mean increases of 17 and 23% in isokinetic torque and dynamic lifting capacity, respectively. The mean maximal cross-sectional area of the elbow flexors (biceps brachii and brachialis) increased by 17.4% in the trained arm but did not change in the control arm. The increase in the mean area of the Type II fibres in the biceps brachii muscle in the trained arm (30.2%) was greater than the corresponding change in the control arm (10.7%, P< 0.05). The most significant change in the the evoked contractile properties of the trained elbow flexors was the increase in twitch half-relaxation time. It is concluded that older individuals retain the potential for significant increases in strength performance and upper limb muscle hypertrophy in response to overload training.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Empirical Assessment of Performance of Tests of Equal Variance in the Presence of Within and Between Dependence and Under Small Sample Size: Application to Craniofacial Variability Index in Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS)

contributor:
Hamid, Jemila
Viveros-Aguilera, Roman
Balakrishnan, Narayanaswamy
Statistics

subject:
Performance of Tests for Equal Variance
Applied Statistics
Biostatistics
Applied Statistics

abstract:
Craniofacial variability index (CVI), estimated by the standard deviation of z-scores obtained from craniofacial measurements of one or more individuals, is considered in the medical literature as a useful and relatively simple quantitative measure of the degree of dysmorphogenesis in the head and face.

CVI obtained from patients diagnosed with syndromes such as Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOLS) is often compared with CVI for healthy individuals. Moreover, CVI is commonly used to compare degree of dysmorphogenesis among individuals and groups characterized by the presence or absence of certain syndromes and abnormalities. However, the type of comparison provided is often subjective with no statistical comparison of values provided to account for sample to sample variability.

We performed a simulation study to compare the performance of tests of variance under the presence of within and between individual dependencies. We compare empirical level and power obtained from 10,000 simulations to assess performance. We considered four variance comparison tests: F-test, Levene’s Test, Fligner-Killeen test and permutation F test. We also provided a detailed analysis of a real data set to illustrate our results. Overall, results from our simulation indicate that the performances of the F and the permutation F tests are better than the other methods. However, for all the tests considered, power for detecting small differences in variance is very low when the sample size is small. An interesting finding in our simulation is that the performance of the tests was actually enhanced by the presence of within individual or group dependence, where the power of the tests increased with increased correlation. On the other hand, between dependence and within and between individual dependence have the effect of lowering the power in comparison with the scenarios of independence and within dependence. It is also observed that the higher the correlation the lower the power. It should be noted that in the case of group comparison the simulation scenario of within and between dependence shows opposite results to those observed in the individual comparison. A higher correlation is associated to both a higher level and power.

On another note, the analysis of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) dataset has shown that comparison of pattern profile between individuals is a useful tool to identify influential z-scores of craniofacial measurements that affect CVI and the subsequent results of hypothesis testing of equal variances using the classical F test versus Levene-median and Fligner-Killeen tests.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Reading the Picturesque Eye: Eighteenth - Century Scenic Tourism and Travel Literature

contributor:
Bowerbank, Sylvia
English

abstract: This thesis attempts to resituate the study of the picturesque, shifting it away from the analysis of the picturesque as an aesthetic category or as a politically inscribed mode of representation toward the critical assessment of the picturesque as a social practice. As such, I locate the picturesque in the context of late eighteenth-century domestic British tourism. This thesis gives an analysis of late eighteenth-century guidebooks and travel journals which foregrounds their instructional role in the tourist's production of picturesque landscapes. The picturesque, I argue, should not be seen simply as a set of conventional motifs and compositional structures, but as a tourist practice, in which the leisure traveller participates by following the directions set forth in the guidebooks and travel journals of the time. The examination of the picturesque as practice allows this thesis to link the picturesque to other socio-cultural activities, namely those involved in the late eighteenth-century production and viewing of graphic art. I offer an investigation of the late eighteenth-century tourist's textually-mediated composition of the landscape which connects it to the growing availability of pictorial art in British society, an event which I contend is inseparable from the new techniques of mechanical reproduction and the proliferation of art exhibitions. It is here, at the level of social practice, and not at the level of representation, that I attempt to link the picturesque to contemporary economics and politics.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Electromyographic and Position Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation of the Musculature about the Human Ankle Joint

contributor:
Milner, M.
Electrical Engineering

abstract:
In the last two decades, functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been investigated as a means for replacing lost function of limbs resulting from paralysis. Improvement in the gait of hemiplegic patients when gradually varying stimulation sequences were employed to control footdrop during the swing-phase of gait, led to the work presented in this thesis.

The material described below is original to the field of FES.

Two potential controllers of stimulus intensity and hence ankle joint position on the affected side have been explored. These are: the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the corresponding dorsiflexor and plantarflexor muscles on the contralateral side; and ankle-joint angle variations obtained from the contralateral side. The variance ratio, a statistical descriptor for repeatability, has been invoked to quantify the efficacy of EMG and joint position control. Practical time-constants of averaging have been determined for the processing of control and evoked EMG signals to be used in an FES-based orthosis incorporating feedback. Experiments have indicated that EMG, when used to modulate stimulus strength to effect control of ankle-joint position, is as efficacious as joint-angle-variation control. These experiments revealed that joint-position information is contained in the EMG records obtained from the prime movers during specific movements of the ankle joint.

This thesis describes an initial attempt to control the affected ankle-joint position of hemiplegics during locomotion. Corresponding signals available from the contralateral side were used to modulate stimulus intensity on the affected side. A computer-controlled interactive program has been used to impose a delay proportional to the period of stepping between recording of the control signals and activation of the stimulators. Preliminary results obtained from a normal and a hemiplegic subject are presented, and their relevance to future thrusts in the field of FES are discussed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Policing those "We All Long For": On Canadian Black Masculinities

abstract: This thesis, with its three chapters covering a range of representations of police brutality, social control and Black masculinities in Canada, interrogates texts from multiple genres. My introductory chapter will contextualize the study within the field of contemporary Black Canadian literary and social texts and provides background, by mapping out, understandings of Blackness in Black Canada. My first chapter engages with national newspapers, the Globe and Mail and The Toronto Star, to name two, to examine how visual factors such as the juxtaposition of headlines, photo captions, and cutlines, the nature and quality of images, and the position of stories in the paper and on the page provide visual factors that shape media messages, which in tum shape the public understanding about Black men. Continuing my analysis of the "discursive reproduction of racism" (van Dijk 221), chapter two focuses on Dionne Brand's 2005 novel What We All Long For and Austin Clark's short story "Sometimes A Motherless Child" to address the dehumanizing abuses that encodes the Black male body during episodes of police brutality, and address the attitudes that develop about Black men in the imaginations and consciouness of many Canadians. Shifting from literal and popular texts to film, chapter three frames a reading of Charles Officer's Short Hymn, Silent War to address the trickling effects of gun violence and Black masculinities on African-Canadian women. I introduce the term conjoined subjectivities to suggest that gun violence and Black masculinities do not only affects Black men but Black women as well, thereby highlight the collective damage of these violence on Black communities. With the work done here, it becomes clear to me that more work on Black masculinities needs to be done.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Elderly Offender and the Insanity Defense in Canada and the United States: implications for criminal law reform and mental health states (status) evaluation practice

subject:
Other Arts and Humanities
Other Arts and Humanities

abstract: To study and (1) to describe the history of the elderly offender who have committed an indictable offense in Canada (or felony in the U.S.A.) and who have used the insanity defense; (2) to begin to gather statistics on the prevelance of this group in the criminal justice system, and (3) to address the social policy issue of which system benefits from labelling the elderly offender mentally ill. In terms of the latter point, this work will attempt to show the consequences of the elderly offender being labelled insane. The aims of this study is to investigate "The Elderly offender and the Insanity Defense in Canada and the United States, implications for criminal law reform and mental health states (status) evaluation practice." This work follows the elderly offender and their processing, labelling, consequences of being reforms and future social policies affecting elderly offenders aged 55 and over. The results show that the elderly offender is subject to a "ping-pong" scenario via the criminal justice system to mental health institutions to nursing homes, general hospital, or community group homes to the street where a small percentage recidivate activating another "ping-pong" scenario.

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: Ontario and the Automobile, 1900 - 1930: Aspects of Technological Integration

contributor:
Weaver, John C.
History

subject: History History

abstract: The psychological dimension of technology, while extremely important, is one which hitherto has largely remained unexplored. This dissertation is an inquiry into the nonphysical alterations created by the automobile, an examination of some fundamental perceptual changes brought about by the automobile's introduction into Ontario prior to 1930. As the speed and ease of travel by automobile increased, there developed an appreciation that traditional temporal and spatial boundaries had diminished. However, along with a sense of personal liberation, the automobile's mobility brought with it many unanticipated effects, including the renegotiation of established rural-urban relationships and the greater regulation and bureaucratization of the province. Such perceptual changes were reflected in and reinforced by cultural forms such as advertising or popular fiction. Equally important the automobile assumed a symbolic importance often far removed from its strict transportational capabilities, such that it became a symbol of socioeconomic success or of the sometimes strained relations between farmers and the city. Technology possesses a personal human dimension which must not be overlooked, for as this dissertation examines, the:automobile's social meaning was often as important as its technological capabilities.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Jalieza Urns and Classic-Postclassic Period Community Organisation in Oaxaca, Mexico

contributor:
Finsten, Laura M.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: The purpose of this research was to examine changes in the motifs and styles of the urns and figurines from the Early Classic (A.D.200-400) to the Early Postclassic (A.D.650-850) times. Historically, the anthropomorphic figures displayed on urns and figurines were thought to depict Zapotec gods, an interpretation based primarily on contact period Spanish accounts of Mesoamerican religious systems. More recently, they have been interpreted as venerated ancestors of elite lineages. An evaluation of a collection of urns and figurines from two occupational phases of the site of Jalieza, Mexico, suggests that these ritual items were not just the domain of the elite, but that all Jalieza residents participated in this ritual activity. The data also suggests that Jalieza residents regardless of higher or lower socioeconomic status appear to be members of segments of the community defined by the usage of certain symbols.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Summertime Carbon Dioxide Exchange over a Subarctic Sedge Wetland

contributor:
Rouse, W.R.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: Measurements of net ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes were made over a sedge fen, Churchill, Manitoba during the summertime period, 1994. This period, when compared to 50 year records (1943 to 1993), was warm and dry. The mean daily temperature was 2 "C warmer than normal. Total precipitation for the summertime period was 45% less than normal, with 56% of the events occurring during the month of August. The water table was generally 0.30 m below the surface and periodically as deep as 0.44 m. The active layer reached a depth of 1.12 m by the end of the measurement period. The growing season for sedge extended from June 23 to August 8. Using atmospheric gradient techniques, the total net ecosystem flux of carbon dioxide over the measurement period was determined. The total summertime flux was positive indicating that the tundra is losing more carbon dioxide through respiration than it is gaining via photosynthesis. There is still a substantial loss during the period of active photosynthesis. In fact, almost one half of the total carbon dioxide efflux occurred during the period of active growth. It is hypothesized that warmer soil temperatures and better aerated soil conditions are more conducive to decomposition, therefore resulting in a larger absolute respiration flux relative to photosynthesis. This is in accordance with several other high latitude studies.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)