title: Grey Mathematical Programming and its Application to Municipal Solid Waste Management Planning

contributor:
Baetz, Brian W.
Patry, Gilles G.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
In this dissertation research, grey mathematical programming (GMP) and grey fuzzy mathematical programming (GFMP) methods have been developed for the first time for decision making under uncertainty, and applied to case studies for municipal solid waste (MSW) management planning in the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth (RMHW), Ontario, Canada.

The GMP/GFMP approaches have improved upon existing mathematical programming methods, such as fuzzy mathematical programming, stochastic mathematical programming, and interval mathematical programming, by introducing concepts of grey systems and grey decisions into ordinary mathematical programming (MP) and fuzzy mathematical programming (FMP) framework. The developed methods allow uncertain information (presented as grey numbers) to be effectively communicated into the optimization processes and resulting solutions, such that feasible decision alternatives can be generated through the interpretation and analysis of the grey solutions according to projected applicable system conditions. Moreover, the proposed GMP/GFMP solution algorithms do not lead to more complicated intermediate models, and thus have lower computational requirements and are applicable to practical problems.

Four GMP (grey linear programming (GLP), grey quadratic programming (GQP), grey integer programming (GIP), and grey dynamic programming (GDP)) and four GFMP (grey fuzzy linear programming (GFLP), grey fuzzy quadratic programming (GFQP), grey fuzzy integer programing (GFIP), and grey fuzzy dynamic programming (GFDP)) methods have been developed. The GFMP improved upon the GMP through the introduction of concepts of fuzzy decisions and FMP into the GMP frameworks to better reflect system uncertainties and generate grey solutions with higher certainty and improved applicability. The use of the GFMP approaches may be particularly pertinent for GMP problems with model stipulations fluctuating within wide intervals but the related membership function information for admissible violations of system objectives and constraints is known. The GMP/GFMP pairs are all directly linked (GLP-GFLP, GIP-GFIP, and GDP-GFDP) except for the GFQP which is not linked to the GQP but instead is linked to and improves upon the GFLP since it enables the modelling of constraints with independent uncertain characteristics. In comparison, the GQP was formulated by including the effects of economies of scale within the GLP modelling framework. In terms of the difference between the GIP/GFIP and GDP/GFDP, the GIP/GFIP methods provide a "one step" optimization process which is convenient for modelling formulation and solution, but may require computers with high capacities and speeds when large scale problems with a multitude of variables and time stages are to be solved, while the GDP/GFDP methods could potentially solve such a problem by dividing the planning horizon into several stages, but may require more effort for the dynamic analysis and computation of the stage submodels. The effectiveness of the methods and their solution algorithms have been demonstrated through a series of comparisons between the MP/GMP/GFMP solutions, as well as related sensitivity analyses.

The GMP and GFMP methodologies were applied to case studies of short term waste flow allocation and long term facility expansion for the waste management system in the RMHW. Through examining the relationships and conflicts between different system components, a GLP model was formulated for the waste flow allocation planning problem, and a GIP model was formulated for the facility expansion planning problem. The grey solutions provided optimal and stable ranges for system objective function values and decision variables, which could be used for generating decision alternatives through adjusting/shifting the decision variable values within their solution intervals and making relevant tradeoffs between different system objectives/restrictions according to projected applicable conditions. Generally, the short term waste flow allocation solutions were useful for adjusting or justifying the existing waste flow allocation patterns, and the long term capacity planning solutions provided optimal times, sizes and locations of the waste management facility developments/expansions. Sensitivity analyses of the effects of system condition variations on the model solutions were also conducted.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Ottawa, Traders of the Upper Great Lakes

contributor:
Preston, Richard J.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: The fur trade of the Upper Great Lakes region during the 17th century is examined with the aid of ethnohistorical documents and source materials. Analysis is focused upon the role of the Ottawa, an important collection of native American middlemen, on the French-oriented fur trade. The Ottawa, a loose political federation of Algonkian-speaking peoples, exhibited a rather variable economic adaptation during this era; while territorial or ecological factors are considered in this study, it was concluded that social organizational forms and economic relations were modified, significantly and continually throughout the 17th century, by changing Ottawa perceptions of trade strategies. These perceptions revolved around traditional cultural norms and conventions as well as strictly market considerations such as supply/demand fluctuations. The trade itself, a melange of European and native customs and orthodoxies, was manipulated in various ways to ensure high level of consumption. In effect, the trade financed an intensification of traditional reciprocity, egalitarianism and factional politics; international relations were also affected, as the influx of wealth was used to extend the influence of Ottawa chiefs among other nations, or to engage in the subtleties of baroque power politics with the English and French.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Commentary on Ovid's Ars Amatoria 1.1-504

contributor:
Guite, H.F.
Roman Studies

subject:
Arts and Humanities
Arts and Humanities

abstract: A commentary on Ars Amatoria 1.1-504 is supplemented by excursuses on the composition and structure of the work, Ovid's use of mythological exempla and his attitude towards Augustus in his pre-exilic poetry.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Plague and Society: A Phenomenological Analysis of The Black Death

contributor:
Marshall, Victor W.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis examines the sociological significance of the plague. My sense of the need for this inquiry developed as I realized that most accounts of the plague -- which described the hysterical, bizarre, and irresponsible behaviours of its victims and survivors --- failed to analyse how they were possible. This oversight implied that those who responded to the plague were hysterical and eccentric. This work refutes that view. It demonstrates how those who responded to the plague were oriented social actors whose behaviours were understandable in certain contexts. The crisis which the plague vested upon the members of the medieval society becomes apparent as we recall Socrates' approach to death in the Phaedo. He conetnded that philosophy was a preparation for death. He taught that a good death was the achievement of a lifetime's work. Death from the plague, on the other hand, was too sudden, violent, and pervasive for its victims and survivors to respond to it reflectively. Instead, they used simple and practical methods to resist the threat of obliteration which the plague posed to their social order. An example of this can be found in the plague chronicle; its writers depicted their experience with the disease for their own benefit and that of their successors. In the Middle Ages, the city facilitated the spread and transmission of the plague in the same way that it does today. Its denizens' responses to it were interesting insofar as the plague was an undesirable condition with which they were forced to deal. Their admission or negation of its presence within a community --- and their ensuing responses to it --- constituted a various constructions of the plague. These were generated according to the members' regular and sustained usage of awareness contexts and boundary maintaining devices to produce their social order. The plague influenced the production of anti-Semitism. It precipitated genocidal campaigns initiated by medieval actors against the Jews of Western Europe. This reflected the medieval actors' need to account for the plague in a realistic way: it enabled them to orient to the source of the plague by facilitating their identification and location of some wordly agents who were allegedly responsible for it. In the Middle Ages, the Jews became metaphors for the affliction of plague in a way that is analogous to the modern practitioner's usage of germs. Although this destructive orientation to others is understandable as an attempt to eliminate the threat which anomaly poses to the social order, it is not recommended; genocide constitutes an asocial treatment of others. Philosophy, which comprises a positive relation to disorder, is invoked as an alternative to genocide. The macabre art of the Middle Ages which illustrated and described disease, decomposition, and triumph of death reflected the repulsive, degenerative, and collectively fatal aspects of the plague. It is usually thought of as morbid, devitalized, and excessively sensual. However, in light of the commitment which it showed to the body, it can be viewed as medieval society's attempt to conquer death and regenerate life. This thesis demonstrates the social character of the behaviours of those who faced the plague. It makes sense of their efforts to preserve their social order against its impending destruction. It contributes to our understanding of a struggle for survival that opposed the silence of death with the reachievement of purpose and thereby differentiated its constituents from the thoughtless oblivion of a plague.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Genetic Analysis of the Tumorigenic Properties of Human Adenovirus Serotypes 5 and 12

contributor:
Graham, F.L.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Different serotypes of human adenovirus (Ad) have differing oncogenic potentials in rodents. These properties include the resistance of cells transformed or infected by oncogenic serotypes to lysis by natural killer cells, and the suppression of the expression of the class I major histocompatibility complex molecule in oncogenically transformed cells. Two commonly studied Ad serotypes are Ad 5 (non-oncogenic) and Ad 12 (oncogenic). The reasons for their differing oncogenicities are not fully understood.

The purpose of this thesis project was the construction of hybrid Ad 5/Ad 12 early region 1 (E1) plasmids and viruses in order to identify sequences which affect the tumorigenic phenotype. Hybrids were constructed by intra-plasmid homologous recombination in Escherichia coli, and rescued into infectious Ad 5 based virus. With one exception, all viruses with hybrid E1A regions were able to replicate efficiently in HeLa cells. The exception, T1036, contained a hybrid E1A transactivation region. Viruses with Ad 12 E1B sequences were impaired for replication in HeLa cells and MH12C2 cells, which express Ad 12 E1 proteins, suggesting that Ad 12 E1B cannot support the replication of the Ad 5 genome.

When tested for their ability to transform primary baby rat kidney cells, hybrid E1 plasmids showed two discreet of transforming efficiencies, based on their sequence compositions. The amino terminus and conserved region 2 of E1A were found to colocalize with regions involved in transforming efficiency, but no differences were found in the abilities of these sequences to bind to cellular proteins p105Kb, p107, and p300. This suggested that transformation involves functions of E1A in addition to the binding of cellular proteins.

The tumorigenicity of hybrid E1 plasmids was evaluated, and was shown to involve a region of Ad 12 E1A between conserved regions 2 and 3. This region, when introduced into Ad 5 E1A, could impart a low degree of tumorigenicity to the new construct. This suggests that while the region identified plays a role in the oncogenicity of Ad 12, it is not the only factor which influences the differential degrees of oncogenicity between Ad 5 and Ad 12.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Michael Polanyi and the Foundations of Religious Knowledge

contributor:
John C. Robertson, Jr
Going, Cathleen M.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This essay explores the implications of Michael Polanyi's theory of tacit knowing for foundational theology. Foundational theology, which begins with a recognition of the problematic status of religious knowledge, seeks to resolve that problem by providing theology with a method and criteria of meaning and truth firmly grounded in cognitional theory. Central to the task of articulating a method for theology is the necessity of accounting for the relationship of faith and reason. Polanyi's cognitional theory recognizes coherence of faith and reason to be an indispensable condition of knowledge, and, therefore, his thought is deemed especially relevant to the foundational task of christian theology. This work, then, attempts to bring Polanyi's theory of knowledge to bear on the problem of method in theology.

The dissertation is divided into two major sections. The first section focuses on the theological problem of accounting for the discovery and justification of religious knowledge, that is, the problem of method in theology. The faith-reason relationship in theology is examined in terms of the historical development of theology's self-understanding. This investigation leads to a consideration of the contemporary concern for the foundational questions of meaning and truth in theology. The task of foundational theology is discussed as the attempt to transform the hermeneutic circle of faith and reason, and to establish the significance and validity of the theological enterprise.

The second section of the dissertation focuses on a resolution of the theological problematic. Polanyi's postcritical conception of personal knowledge is examined in order to provide a background for a detailed analysis of his theory of tacit knowing. It is argued that Polanyi's cognitional theory--his account of the structure and act of tacit integration--provides a foundation for an objectification of method in theology and for a differentiation of theological specializations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Good Death in Kashi: Process and Experience of the Pilgrimage to Die in the Hindu Holy City

contributor:
Counts, David R.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis is an ethnography of people who travel, at the end of their lives, to die in Kashi, the Hindu holy city. Pilgrims arriving in Kashi to die expect a particular spiritual reward--moksha--which is variably understood as liberation from rebirth or good rebirth. Based on thirteen months of fieldwork I conducted in Kashi and in the institutions there which provide shelter for the dying, I provide descriptions of the experiences of the dying pilgrims and the families that accompany them. I frame these experiences in their social and cultural contexts: the cultural context is the variable systems of meaning which link dying in Kashi to spiritual reward; the social context consists of the families who provide care and the institution's priest-workers whose duty it is to provide ritual services and a religious environment for dying.

The thesis deals with the relationship of ideas of good and bad deaths held by people making the pilgrimage to die in Kashi with (1) the larger spiritual and moral systems of Hinduism, and (2) individual's multifaceted experiences of dying. I contend that the concepts of 'sanskritization' and 'great and little traditions' are not satisfactory ways of resolving the complex issue of the relationship of the Hindu scriptures to lived reality as these concepts are Brahmin centered, force diverse ideas and behaviours into ideal, textual frameworks, and do not deal with the variability in the texts themselves. I demonstrate that particular understandings about dying in Kashi held by people who come there to die can be traced to particular texts and that the texts can be responsible for cultural variation at various levels.

The thesis documents that people tend to die very quickly once they have reached Kashi, and argues that this is because pilgrims are dying by a common physiological process which allows them and their families to accurately predict the timing of death. I argue that individuals operate on the basis of their ideas of what is a good death in order to die a good death and to avoid dying a bad death. I demonstrate how these ideas relate to the physiological process of dying by allowing and encouraging the cessation of eating as the onset of the dying process is recognized.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Recrystallization in Aluminum Alloys

contributor:
Embury, J.D.
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
The present work has examined the role of shear bands, distribution of second-phase particles, and changes in strain path on deformation and recrystallization processes in single phase and two-phase Al alloys.

The development of shear bands and their influence on the overall recrystallization kinetics in an Al-4.8% Mg alloy was studied at both the macroscopic and microscopic level. Shear bands which contained high angle boundaries acted as preferential nucleation sites for recrystallization nucleation, and influenced the early states of recrystallization kinetics.

The evolution of the substructure around non-deformable silicon particles was studied in Al-Si-Cu single crystals which were oriented for single and mutiple slips. The relationship of the local substructure around particles was related to the subsequent recrystallization behaviour by using electron diffraction. The influence of the spatial distribution of second-phase particles was correlated to the occurrence of recrystallization nuclei in particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) by using the Dirichlet cell technique. PSN appears to involve only a small fraction of particles in the distribution, indicating that recrystallization nucleation depends on particle clustering as well as particle size and the level of imposed strain.

The influence of change in strain path on mechanical response (deformation and strain hardening) and microstructural evolution during deformation and recrystallization processes were examined. The rate of dynamic recovery appears to be enhanced by the change in strain path. The change in strain path is reflected in changes in recrystallization behaviour and can be rationalized in terms of the energy stored by various strain paths. An attempt has been made to correlate the experimental findings with phenomenological models of dynamic recovery available in the literature.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Internal Friction in Hydrogen Charged Aluminum Alloys

contributor:
Piercy, G.R.
Materials Science

abstract:
Measurements of the internal, friction of several aluminum alloys were made over the temperature range from 80 to 300 K using the two component resonator technique. The technique was improved, by using a metallic bond between the two components, so that measurements in the Qˉ¹ ≃ 10ˉ⁶ range could be made at three frequencies. Preliminary experiments using quartz crystals as specimens were performed in order to check the properties of the metallic joint. A method of checking the bond, by measuring the resonator properties at about half the fundamental frequency of the quartz transducer alone, was developed.

Comparisons of the internal friction spectra of hydrogen charged samples with spectra of vacuum annealed samples were used, in conjunction with a simple model of the distribution of hydrogen, to determine upper limits on the binding energy between hydrogen and substitutional solutes in the aluminum matrix.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Study of Primordial Germ Cell Migration and Gonadogenesis in Normal and Sterile Steel Mutant Mice

contributor: Medical Sciences (Growth and Development)

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract:
The development of murine gonads commences in both males and females as indifferent appearing blastemata around the 10th day of embryogenesis. Within the following two days, the, gonadal blastemata became heavily populated with the primordial germ cells which migrate in from extragonadal sites.

The process of gonadal sex differentiation is first evident in males where the appearance of sex cords marks testicular histogenesis. Ovarian development is largely marked by the fact that female gonads do not resemble testes and also by the early transformation of oogonia into oocytes.

It has been proposed by a number of investigators that the absence of the primordial germ cells in the gonadal blastemata during the indifferent stage of gonadogenesis would result in the failure of sex cord differentiation to take place within the gonadal soma. Other investigators have proposed that gonadal sex differentiation is not dependent upon the presence of germ cells within the gonadal soma.

To resolve this controversy mice carrying the alleles Steel/Steel Dickie (S1/S1ᵈ) were selected since the Steel mutation is known to severely affect the primordial germ cell line prior to its populating the gonadal ridges before sex cord differentiation. The experiment therefore is a natural one not requiring chemical or physical ablation of the germ cell line at the time it is first histochemically identifiable in sites far removed from the gonadal anlages.

Primordial germ cells were identified histochemically by an azo dye technique in 27 day 9, 33 day 10, 33 day 11 and 21 day 12 embryos which were obtained from matings between mature WC/ReJ-S1/+ females and C57B1/6J-S1ᵈ/+ males. One fourth of the embryo zygous S1/S1ᵈ mutation. Failure to the germ cell population to increase after 9 days gestation occurred in 26% of the embryos. These embryos were classified as the mutant S1/S1ᵈ group. The primordial germ cells of the mutants, though few in number, were found to follow a normal migratory pattern to the gonadal ridges. Gonadogenesis was studied in 227 fetuses of 12-18 days gestation and in animals from birth to maturity. The genetic sex of fetuses was determined by the presence or absence of sex chromatin in amnion cells. Prior to day 14, genotypes were established as normal or mutant according to the germ cell population present in one gonad from each fetus. After day 14 the genotypes were determined from red blood cell samples, the S1/S1ᵈ fetuses displaying the macrocytic anemia characteristic of this mutation.

The ratio of mutant males to mutant females was the normal 1:1, and the number of mutants identified was within the expected 25% frequency. Despite a paucity of germ cells, mutant gonads differentiated according to their genetic sex. Although mutant gonads are composed almost entirely of somatic tissue they grow at the same rate as the somatic component of normal gonads up to day 16 post coitus in males, and to the day of birth in females. The overall pattern of growth was similar to that seen in normals. The Mullerian and Wolffian ducts as well as the external genitalia also developed according to gonadal sex in the mutants.

In those mutant gonads which contained few germ cells, they grew and differentiated in the same manner as did those of the normals up to birth. By maturity, no mutant germ cells were found to have differentiated beyond prophase of meiosis I.

It is concluded that sexual differentiation and gonadogenesis can take place in the absence or at least in the near absence of germ cells. The Steel mutation appears to act in preventing the proliferation of the primordial germ cells and their capacity to complete meiosis I of gametogenesis. The mutation, however, does not affect the evolution of the germ cells from their source nor the capacity of the germ cells to migrate to the gonadal blastemata.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Nitrogen Diffusion in Zirconium Nitride

contributor:
Speltzer, W.W.
Materials Science

abstract:
Diffusion of nitrogen in zirconium nitride was studied using the l5N gas-solid exchange technique.

Two kinds of samples were used: ZrN 0.71-0.79 spheres, 60u and 90u diameter and ZrN 0.93 slabs 254u thick. The spheres were prepared by dropping 99% powdered zirconium nitride through an electric arc while the slabs were obtained by direct nitridation of 99.995% zirconium sheets at 1150°C in very pure nitrogen at 1 atm. These samples were carefully characterized by chemical analysis, density and lattice parameter measurements, electron microanalysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques.

The diffusion annealings were performed at a pressure of 200 Torr and in the temperature range 1000-1200°C. The rate of depletion of 15N in the isotopically enriched gas phase was measured by a mass spectrometer and used to calculate the self-diffusion coefficient.

The diffusion coefficients for spheres and slabs could be respectively represented by

Dspheres(cm^2/sec) = (2.97+18.76-2.56)x 10^-10 exp (-(23,000+/-5,400)/RT)

and

Dslabs(cm^2/sec) = (4.08+88.23-3.90) x 10^-6 exp(-(36,000+/-4,500)/RT)

These results are in good agreement with the chemical diffusion coefficients available in the literature. It is shown that the rather low activation energies, in particular in the case of spheres, do not preclude a vacancy mechanism for nitrogen diffusion.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Simulation of Large Ice Mass Flow

contributor:
Emery, John J.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
The finite element method has recently become a well established technique in solving geotechnical problems, and has in the past few years been applied in glaciology to stimulate ice mass flow problems. In fact, the models available have advanced much more rapidly than knowledge of the physical parameters and laws which describe ice needed in the simulation process. In this thesis, several functional flow laws are developed.

These laws, it is hoped, will lead to a better flow simulation for ice masses. Parameters such as grain size, age, and fabric, though poorly controlled in the testing of ice, are very important to the flow characteristics of ice as can be shown from a consideration of dislocation movements. A more systematic treatment of these parameters is needed.

The influence of initial stresses on flow behaviour not considered in previous finite element method simulations of glacier flow, is shown to be significant. Two finite element schemes are compared, and a scheme based on an implicit approach appears to be somewhat faster in computer time.

The importance of temperature to glacier flow is considered in this thesis. It is shown that non-isothermal conditions significantly affect the flow of ice masses.

The functional flow laws, and the non-isothermal temperature distribution are used to stimulate flow of the Barnes Ice Cap. The simulation is found to be poor compared to observed results. It is felt that a consideration of initial stresses, better temperature distribution data, and improved flow laws are needed before the finite element method simulation will lead to satisfactory results.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Kingship and Religion in the Gupta Age

contributor:
Younger, Paul
Kinsley, D.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to study and discuss the interaction between religion and kingship during the Gupta age of Indian history, fourth and fifth centuries A.D. The Gupta age has been selected as the focal point of the thesis for two basic reasons. The first is its tremendous importance in history and the abundance of good primary source material on the entire period. The second reason is related to the major contributions that the Guptas made in the areas of kingship and religion. It will be argued in the course of the thesis that Gupta kingship constitutes a synthesis of the earlier theories of kingship in India. They put forward a comprehensive ideology of empire and kingship in their inscriptions which reflects the impress of India's national epics, the Rāmāyana and the Mahābhārata.

The thesis is divided into two parts in order to give proper scope to the development of kingship theories in India prior to the time of the Guptas. The study of kingship in India really begins with the Vedic sources, some of which are dated at approximately 1500 B.C. The Rgveda contains numerous references to human and divine kings. The two major gods who were associated with kingship in this period were Indra and Varuna. Also, in the Vedic period kingship was integrally allied with the religious institution of sacrifice (yajña). Major sacrifices such as, the rājāsuya and the aśvamedha became indispensible adjuncts to Vedic kingship.

In the post-Vedic period, the views of kingship expressed in the Vedic corpus were challenged by the Buddhists who argued that a good king must be a servant of dhàmma, or righteousness. The Buddhist understanding of kingship made a strong impression on one of India's greatest kings, the Emperor Aśoka of the Mauryan dynasty (third century B.C.).

The epics of India reflect changing attitudes toward kingship and the rôle of the king. In the Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyana we find a growing idealization of the king. The god Visnu is given a central rôle in the epic understanding of kingship. He is considered to be the chief patron and divine prototype of the king. Visnu is also a major element in the doctrine of the ideal king, or Rāma-type, which is important in both epics.

In Part Two of the thesis our attention is directed to the historical record of the Gupta Age. It will be shown that the Guptas based their understanding of kingship and their ideology of empire primarily on the epic sources. Consequently, each of the Guptas is pictured as an ideal king of the Rāma type in their coins and inscriptions. After establishing this link between the Guptas and the epics, the thesis will analyse the deeper implications of their doctrine of kingship. It will be shown that, while they were influenced by the Buddhists and the example of Aśoka, they retained many of the Vedic customs of kingship including the famous horse-sacrifice (aśvamedha).

The thesis deals with the important question of the relationship between religion (specifically Vaisnavism) and Monarchism at a crucial point in India's political, cultural, and religious history. The thesis shows that many of the standard assumptions about kingship in the Gupta age, such as the argument that it represents a divine right of kings doctrine, are false and misleading. The divinity of the king in Gupta times is actually a biproduct of a larger more comprehensive vision of the divinity of the dharma-oriented ideal kingdom (rāmarājya).

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Self Consistent Field Perturbation Approach to the Electronic Properties of Molecular Crystals

contributor:
Santry, D.P.
Chemical Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
Molecular orbital theory in general and the Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap approximation are reviewed: The Self Consistent Field perturbation theory for molecular crystals is discussed in some detail and used to study the binding energy and charge distribution of a number of real crystals which were chosen to represent a wide range of bonding situations. A discussion of intermolecular charge transfer and its possible effect on the vibrational spectra is given.

A method of obtaining the electronic band structure, and hence the density of electronic states, by a suitable transformation of the crystal orbitals obtained from the self consistent field perturbation method is presented. This transformation is used to study the band structure and density of electronic states of formamide, formic acid and urea and the band structure of naphthalene and ethylene. The effect of the crystal interactions on the molecular electronic levels is discussed.

A molecular orbital theory of the electronic states of molecular crystals is given and the resultant equations are compared to those of Davydov's valence bond approach. Some of the limitations of the neglect of differential overlap are discussed and the method is applied to the lowest singlet states of naphthalene and formamide crystals.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Influence of Substructure and Dislocation Mobility on the Creep Properties of Some Single Phase Metals

contributor:
Embury, J. D.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Metallurgy
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
Single phase pure metals and alloys deformed at high temperatures show large variations in the form of their strain-time curves and in the stress dependence of the strain rate. At present, it is not possible to predict theoretically the mechanical responses of a given alloy.

This thesis is concerned with the deformation of pure copper, copper-5 wt.% tin and iron-3¼ wt.% silicon at temperatures above half the melting point. Mechanical experiments involving both constant load and constant strain rate teats have established that these three materials exhibit a spectrum of behaviour as wide as wide as any previously reported. Detailed microstructural examination has revealed corresponding variations in dislocation arrangements and in the extent of grain boundary distortion in crept specimens.

It is argued that the form of the primary creep curve and strain transients following a change in stress, obtained in a given metal, is closely related to the mobility of mobile dislocations, rather than to an internal resistance arising from the substructure. To explain the observed mechanical responses, a model has been proposed which provides some semi-quantitative predictions of material behaviour. Both the mechanical and microstructural results suggest that the recovery theories of creep, in which hardening and recovery are considered as separately definable parameters, do not deal realistically with the creep process.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Preferential Sputtering Effects in Nb₂O₅

contributor:
Kelly, R.
Materials Science

abstract:
Ion bombardment has been used as a technique for the sputtering of metals for several years; very few studies have, however, been made on alloys and compounds, especially studies where the target itself was analyzed after ion bombardment. In this thesis results are presented concerning the changes in targets of Nb₂O₅ and related systems due to ion bombardment. The targets used were in the form of anodic thin films and sintered pellets. Bombardments were carried out using Kr⁺ and O₂⁺ ions with energies of 2 to 35 keV and at doses varying from 10¹³ to 10¹⁷ ions/cm². The structural changes induced by the bombardment were studied with an electron microscope and the changes in electrical conductivity were studied with a four point probe.

The results indicate that an altered layer is formed which has the stoichiometry of NbO when Nb₂O₅ targets are bombarded with 35 keV ions at high doses (≥ 1 x 10¹⁷ ions/cm²). A technique based on the changes in the chemical reactivity of the altered layer as compared to the substrate is used to estimate the thickness of the altered layer. That on Nb₂O₅varies.from 18 nm at very low doses (5x10¹³ ions/cm²) to 23 nm at high doses (1x10¹⁷ ions/cm²). The conductivity of the altered layer formed at high doses is about 4x10³ s/m, an increase by a factor of 2x10⁸. An energy threshold for conductivity changes was found using an oxygen ion beam, whereas Kr ion bombardment reveals conductivity changes at all.

Oxygen loss from bombarded Nb₂O₅ can be considered to have three alternative origins based on a vaporization model, an internal displacement model and a preferential sputtering model. The results favour the preferential sputtering of oxygen as the likely mechanism to explain the altered layer in the target. A modified sputtering model explains the energy threshold effect observed when an oxygen beam is used.

Several applications of the techniques and results presented here have been considered. They include, among others, dating of minerals, limitations of surface analytical techniques, and preliminary results for Ta₂O₅.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Response of Soil-Pile Systems to Seismic Waves

contributor: Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
A finite element method that utilizes boundary conditions from wave propagation considerations is given for predicting the seismic response of a pile embedded in soil. The response of the system and the stress distribution in the soil adjacent to and beneath the pile are resolved, and these provide a means of appraising the behaviour of a soil-pile system during an earthquake. The three directional components of the earthquake excitation are considered. The soil-pile system is idealized as an axisymmetric structure subjected to nonsymmetric loading to simplify the computations.

Records of ground motions during recent earthquakes have clearly demonstrated the significance of local soil conditions on the amplitude and frequency characteristics of seismic motions. For large epicentral distances, the usual assumption of energy transfer by means of vertically propagating shear waves is valid. However, for sites nearer to the source the direction of shear wave propagation may be inclined and surface waves also contribute to the ground motions. These aspects of the seismic motions are considered.

The spatial variations in seismic motions are computed using wave propagation theory and assuming that the earthquake energy is transferred through the soil layers by shear waves and Rayleigh waves. Spatial variations in motion are compared for various epicentral distances and wave propagation assumptions. It is shown that the surface wave makes a significant contribution to the response at near sites, while the effect of inclining the shear wave propagation is of secondary importance. The method and programs are general so that they can be used for a variety of problems. Dimensions of the soil-pile system are adopted so that "free field" conditions can be assumed at the boundary. The seismic motion record for each boundary node of the discretized structure is computed and used as the input for the full finite element dynamic analysis which utilizes a step-by-step procedure.

It was found that the single pile foundation considerably reduced the responses transferred to the structure. The method of analysis was used to consider the pore pressures developed in the case of saturated soils around a single pile. The behaviour of a pile-saturated sand system during the San Fernando Earthquake showed that the sand around the pile liquefied. When a pile-saturated clay system was subjected to the same earthquake, there was no sign of liquefaction. These results are in qualitative agreement with field observations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Problem of Time and Temporality in Sāmkhya-Yoga and Ābhidharma Buddhism

contributor:
Sivaraman, K.
Arapura, J. G.
Mol, Hans
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
In the present work an attempt is made to study the problem of temporality in the religious philosophies of the Sámkhya-Yoga and Ábhidharma Buddhism. The two systems are studied in comparative perspective to determine the degree of compatibility of the two on the specific issue of temporality and its significance for the world-transcendence. The systems under investigation have been selected on the ground that both of them look at temporality as a characteristic built into the structure of things. Reification of time, as an abstract category independent of entities, is alien to both the systems. Temporality is conceived not in terms of time as a transcendent condition of our being and cognition. Rather it is conceived in terms of the changefulness and becomingness, characteristic of phenomena as such and its relationship to the cognizing consciousness. This indeed is the most important perspective that they share against other religious philosophies of India.

Our interest in the two systems' articulation of the problem emanates from the conviction that the systems under investigation, instead of being diametrically opposed to each other, complement each other and in some significant ways share certain basic perspectives. The fact of their complementarity has been ignored in the earlier studies. There are some occasional statements about the possibility of some similarities between the two. But no study of significance, except that of Stcherbatsky, has been undertaken to see if there is any significant correlation between the two. Most of the time scholars have treated them as representing two diametrically opposed ontological perspectives, Murti being the most prominent proponent of this position. That there are certain important differences between the two cannot be denied. But it has been our concern to demonstrate that, despite important differences in their ontological perspectives, the two systems are in close company, specially in their articulation of the problem of temporality and its soteriological implications.

The body of the thesis is divided into three major parts. The first part is a critical exposition of the problem in the context of Sāmkhya-Yoga. The second part deals with the problem with reference to Ābhidharma Buddhism. And the third part is an attempt to bring out the correlation between the two systems with special reference to the soteriological implications of their conception of the problem under investigation.

The following are the major findings of the present work:

1. Both the Sāmkhya-Yoga and Ābhidharma Buddhism relativize the category of time. This relativization is part and parcel of their non-cosmological understanding of the temporal process.

2. Temporality is defined as a feature built into the structure of change and becomingness and its subjective experience.

3. For explaining temporal determinations of past, present and future implicit distinction between real and existent is admissible. The present alone is considered existent, while past and future are real.

4. The realm of the temporal is conceived in contradistinction with Eternity, the two being dialectically related. The temporality is seen in opposition to Eternity and yet providing a link with Eternity.

5. The transcendence of temporality is a function of consciousness. Reflection (contemplation) as an act of consciousness is a temporal act. But reflection is seen as having a built-in structure of transcendence. This transcendence of the temporal process takes place in the present. Accordingly, both the Sāmkhya-Yoga and Abhidharma Buddhism are the soteriologies of the present.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Personal and Social Dimensions of Renunciation in Advaita Vedānta

contributor:
Arapura, J. G.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The aim of this dissertation is to present a systematic exposition of Renunciation (Samnyāsa) as a philosophico-religious category within Indian tradition with special reference to Advaita Vedānta of Śamkarācarya. This study dealing with the implications of renunciation in its personal and social dimensions is so all-embracing as to touch almost every popular spiritual conviction of the Indian mind and it overlaps almost every province of Indian philosophy. I have tried to justify this category as a spiritual technique systematically worked out and developed by Advaitins particularly Śamkara with a view to classifying and systematizing values in terms of the different forms which renunciation and its object may be found to assume. This dissertation also highlights not only lives of the enlightened persons but also principles of human behaviour in the Indian tradition implicitly clarifying therby such concepts as dharma (socio-religious duties), the good life, obligation and responsibility etc.

In elucidating these concepts within the Advaitic ideal of renunciation, we are driven to conclude that this theory is not confined to the spiritual dimension of life representing the concept of Moksa (Release or Freedom) but is also the ground upon which a coherent and positive social philosophy can be raised. The attempt seems worth making in view of profound misunderstandings pertaining to the spirit of Indian philosophy in this respect especially Advaita Vedānta. The author believes that Advaita Vedānta, seemingly the most unworldly, is itself capable of generating social thought of a positive kind. The principle of renunciation is central to providing social order not irrelevant to such a task. This investigation seemed to me to be of special significance especially in the context of the present situation when renunciation has acquired an image of moral irresponsibility and hence has fallen into disrepute. To such critics I humbly give a Berkeleyian reply: "in such things we ought to think with the learned and speak with the vulgar", and contrariwise -- not quoting Berkeley -- we must avoid thinking with the vulgar but speak with the learned.

This effort is to think with the great acārya (Śamkara) and some of his eminent followers with a view to clearing up misunderstandings about the matter prevailing among those who have not had the opportunity or even patience to examine the renunciation questions from the holistic perspective which those learned teachers have sought to inculcate.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Nature of Reactions Between Sodium Sulphide Slag and Carbon-Saturated-Iron and -Copper Alloys

contributor:
Lu, W-K.
Metallurgy

subject: Metallurgy Metallurgy

abstract: The nature of reactions between sodium sulphide slag and carbon-saturated-iron and -copper alloys were studied to obtain a more clear understanding of slag/metal reactions as well as to enhance the knowledge with respect to decopperization and desulphurization reactions. A model has been developed for the kinetics of reactions, taking into consideration the chemical reactions at the gas/slag and metal/slag boundaries as well as diffusion of sodium vapour in the gas phase. The rate constants have been determined by comparing the experimental results with the proposed model of the system using a CDC 6400 computer. Some understanding of the thermodynamics of sulphide solutions, never studied before, was accomplished through calculations. Suggestions were made for the most efficient use of sulphide slags for removing copper and sulphur from carbon-saturated iron melts. It is hoped that this work will open a new area of research on the fundamentals of slag/metal reactions involving sulphides. Such investigations may be helpful in understanding the slag/metal systems involving oxides.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Sedimentology and Depositional History of the St. Roch Formation near St. Jean-Port-Joli, Quebec

contributor:
Walker, Roger G.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
The St. Roch Formation (Cambrian), near St. Jean-Port-Joli, Quebec is composed of northeast striking, steep, southerly dipping strata. The stratigraphic sequence (minimum thickness 534 m) is disrupted by several northeast trending, high angle reverse faults which divide the area into a series of imbricated fault blocks.

Eight sedimentary facies were recognized in the stratigraphic section: (1) Red mudstone (2) Massive sandstone (3) Pebbly sandstone (4) Classical turbidite - siliceous or calcareous (5) Slurry (6) Pebbly mudstone (7) Pillar greywacke (8) Slump - there are two types: calcisiltite and red mudstone - fine grained turbidite.

These facies occur in associations which make up four types of lithologic units:

1. The Red Mudstone Units - They are 10-90 m thick and are mainly composed of the red mudstone facies. The red mudstone-fine grained turbidite slump is found in one of these units.

2. The Massive Sandstone Units - They are 30-95 m thick and are composed of two facies divisions: a slurry division composed of interbedded slurry beds and classical turbidites forms the lower part of these units and a massive sandstone division composed of the massive sandstone, the classical turbidite plus/minus the pillar greywacke facies forms the upper part.

3. The Siliceous Classical Turbidite Units - They are 10-20 m thick and are composed of siliceous classical turbidites and slurry beds.

4. The Calcareous Classical Turbidite Units - They are 30-100 m thick and are dominated by the classical turbidite facies. The only occurrences of the calcisiltite slump and the pebbly mudstone facies are found in these units.

The stratigraphic section is characterized by the alternation of sandstone and mudstone units. The sandstone units in the lower part of the sequence show a coarsening and thickening upward sequence. No vertical trend in bed thickness or grain size is evident in individual units.

The red mudstone, massive sandstone and siliceous classical turbidite units contain paleoflow indicators which have a vector mean of 140°. The calcareous classical turbidites interbedded with the red mudstones and forming the classical turbidite unit at the top of the section have a paleoflow vector mean of 90°. The petrology of the calcareous and noncalcareous sandstones indicates that they were derived from two different sources.

The red mudstone, massive sandstone and siliceous classical turbidite units are interpreted as being formed as part of a submarine fan complex. The red mudstone units represent interlobe mud blankets that envelop upper and lower suprafan deposits. The calcareous classical turbidites represent encroachment on the fan system of sediments transported longitudinally along the basin from another source.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Localized Corrosion of Nickel and Nickel-Molybdenum Alloys

contributor:
Ives, M.B.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

abstract:
This investigation is concerned with the study of the localized corrosion of nickel and the effect of the addition of molybdenum on its corrosion properties. To this end, alloys containing up to 30 wt % Mo have been studied in 1N H₂SO₄ and chloride containing environments by potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques and 'in-situ' microscopic observations.

The anodic oxidation of nickel has been studied by the galvanostatic technique. The experimental results have been used to develop the kinetic equation describing the film growth on nickel. It has been shown that an inverse, logarithmic behaviour is obtained in that the film growth current density is inversely proportional to the charge stored in the film. The resistivity of the film has been calculated and its value suggests that the film is pure and almost stoichiometric NiO.

The significance of the Flade potential of nickel in 1N H₂SO₄ solution is discussed in view of the results obtained and those existing in literature. The implications of the critical potential for determining the susceptibility to pitting corrosion of metals and alloys has been investigated for Ni and Ni-Mo alloys. It is concluded that the critical potential does not adequately describe the electrochemical conditions required for the pitting corrosion of Ni and Ni- Mo alloys in sulfuric acid solutions containing chloride ions.

The passive electrode has been treated as a metalsemiconductor system and justification has been provided for the assumption of a 100% efficiency for the current density during cathodic reduction.

The charge required to reduce the film formed on Ni and Ni-Mo alloys in 1N H₂SO₄ and in the presence of chloride ions is reported. Some information is provided on the nature of the film on the Ni-Mo alloys in chloride containing solutions. Studies are reported on the polarization behaviour of the Ni-Mo alloys in synthetic sea water and on the corrosion morphology obtained after 30 day immersion in synthetic sea water and an acidic chloride containing solution.

It is proposed that the improved resistance to corrosion of Ni-Mo alloys in naturally corroding systems is due to a sluggish anodic reaction imparted by a slow hydration of the metallic ions, while under anodic polarization in the presence of chloride ions it is due to the presence of a diffusion barrier film of MoO₃. The results obtained on the Ni-Mo alloys have been explained on the basis of a defect model for the passive film on the alloys.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Interaction of Love of God and Social Duty in the Râmcaritmânas

contributor:
Kinsley, D.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to study Tulsi Dâs' views on the interaction of love of God and social duty as expressed in the Râmcaritmânas. In order to determine the distinctiveness of Tulsi Dâs' position on the subject under consideration, an effort is made at situating the Râmcaritmânas within the over-all context of the Hindu tradition, to which Tulsi Dâs repeatedly claimed his own indebtedness.

The typological approach is used in preferance to the historical survey in order to describe the place additionally recorded to both love of God and social duty within the Hindu tradition. On the basis of this approach, it is argued that as the tradition developed there emerged three different emphasis which by medieval times had become discernible as distinct types: "ordthodox theism" representing the middle or central stream where both social duty and love of God are kept in balance; "vedic orthodoxy" representing the position where social duty is considered the sulvific path par excellence while love of God plays a negligible rȏle; and finally "antinomian theism" representing a position where the emphasis is on love of God to the negligence of traditional duties.

The present thesis claims that the Râmcaritmânas represents an attempt to revive the first or "middle" position in medieval North India. This claim is substantial by a study of Tulsi Dâs' growinopus in the light of its socio-political, religious and literary background.

It is argued that the Râmcaritmânas can be considered as a reaffirmation of the Hindu tradition against the menacing impact of the Muslim political rule, which culminated in Akbar's universalist politicy; against the antinomian devotional trend, very much alive in medieval North India, which threatened traditional values, particularly those associated with social and domestic duties; against Vedic orthodox circles which tended to diminish the importance of love of God as an important constituent of Hinduism.

The attention given to the literary background of the Râmcaritmânas is aimed at determining the degree of distinctiveness in Tulsi Dâs own religious views. On the basis of a systematic comparison between the Râmcaritmânas and its main literary sources, the thesis establishes that while Tulsi Dâs reaffirmed the central position, he maintained a distinctiveness of his own. This he achieved by dealing with the tension between love of God and social duty as an important issue, and by relentlessly emphasizing love of God as the preeminent salvific path.

Finally, it is shown that Tulsi Dâs offered a way of resolving the growing tension between love of God and social duty by proposing the will of God as the ultimate criterion of decision and the supreme principle of integration. This solution enabled him both to encourage the devotee householder to fulfill his social and domestic duties, and at the same time justify the desire of certain enthusiasts to spend their whole life and time in the praise and worship of the Lord.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Concept of Divine Personhood in H. Richard Niebuhr's Thought

contributor:
Robertson, John C.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The major emphasis in this dissertation is on the development of H. Richard Niebuhr's concept of person as a key for understanding his approach to the theological problem of formulating the content of knowledge of God as it arises in the faith experience. This study begins with a brief introduction indicating the problematic character of the development of Niebuhr's concept of person, namely that while he clearly emphasized its centrality there is absent in his writings an explicit, formal statement that defines the conceptual content of what he intended by the term "person." The discussion that follows is an attempt to bring forward what seems to have been the content of Niebuhr's concept of person. This will involve the process of raising to prominence the "constants" that appear in his reflections on the relation between the divine and the human as relation between persons. The first chapter involves an investigation of the influence that the thought of Ernst Troeltsch, Karl Barth and others had on Niebuhr's own thinking. Therein is indicated the general framework of thought in which he had set for himself the task of providing for contemporary theology a means of expressing the content of faith so as to avoid the excesses of revelational dogmatism, on the one hand, and rationalistic relativism, on the other. The development of his approach--a personalistic confessionalism--appears in its general form in the second chapter, which involves a survey of his writings. The third chapter sets forth, as the cumulative effect of his writings, what appeared to be the essential components of Niebuhr's theological concept of person: act freedom, faithfulness, and dialogue. The fourth chapter indicates how Niebuhr seemed to have envisioned the role of this concept as a crucial, corrective principle for modifying such outstanding approaches to, the problem of knowledge of God as those of Troeltsch and Barth. This chapter also offers a suggestion as to what would be a consistent application of his thought to a development in theology since his death. The final chapter contains the present writer's response to certain critical reflections on Niebuhr's thought relevant to the central theme of the dissertation and a concluding section which suggests that the major emphasis and development of this discussion may be a modest but faithful and promising way to understand and appreciate more fully the essence of Niebuhr's complex and subtle thought.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Dostoyevsky's Critique of the West

contributor:
Grant, George P.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis is a study of Dostoyevsky's critique of the West. Although Westerners interested in Dostoyevsky's thought have noted his concern with the West, they have generally failed to give serious attention to his enucleation of what he considered to be the crisis of the modern West. The absence of a serious and thorough study of Dostoyevsky's critique of the West can be attributed largely to the assumption that his observations about the West are unrelated to his best thought. Insofar as his observations about the crisis of the West are "political", they are thought to bear no genuine relation to his more profound "religious" thought. His teaching about the West tends to be be related to the nationalist prejudice which supposedly characterized him as a nineteenth century Russian, rather than to the religious thought which speaks to all men. This thesis, however, argues that Dostoyevsky's political analysis of the West, and his religious thought, are held together in his idea of the best human order. It is this idea which, above all, informs his elucidation of the Western crisis, and his recommendation for the overcoming of this crisis. The primary intention of this study, then, is to expound Dostoyevsky's teaching about the West, demonstrating that his political observations about the West constitute a coherent critique which is intimately related to his religious thought. This exposition is chiefly concerned with his critical assessment, in the light of his religious thought, of the attempt of modern Western thought and practice to resolve the problem of human order. This involves his consideration of modern liberalism and socialism, and of Western Christianity. It is hoped that the fulfillment of the primary intention of this thesis will serve the larger purpose of ascertaining whether or not Dostoyevsky can shed any light on the situation in which the modern West finds itself. Because the overriding concern of this study is to render Dostoyevsky's critique of the West more accessible to Westerners, it is primarily expository in nature. Some critical assessment, however, will be made of his teaching about the West in regard to the requirements of his own thought.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Silence and Patients: Resisting Medical Discourse in Bronte, Woolf and Drabble

contributor:
O`Connor, Mary
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
This thesis investigates nineteenth- and twentieth-century medical discourse in treatises and texts written by doctors, and women's resistance to it in novels by Charlotte Bronte, Virginia Woolf, and Margaret Drabble. My analysis involves what is said and not said in medical texts; what other discourses influence medicine; the authority of the medical writer; and the power of the institution of medicine. I extend Foucault's theory of the formation of medical discourse by looking beyond madness to physical pathology, and by including issues of gender.

Women's novels, particularly in the nineteenth century, must do all the work of the larger canon of writing available to men. Until recently, women could not write back against medical discourse in text books or scientific journals: fiction was their primary genre. Patricia Yaeger suggests that much American feminist work has encouraged acceptance of "the inevitability of women's disempowerment" rather than revealing "the woman writer's powers of protest and change." Building on Yaeger's work, I explore the discursive possibilities of Bronte, Woolf and Drabble rather than their limitations.

I investigate the narrative strategies which enable both an outward silence which sounds like acquiescence, and an inward voice which actively resists the social constructions of medical discourse. The novels all feature doctors as imposing characters, all portray the power medicine wields, and all address the social implications of medical discourse on the construction of women. There is a progression in narrative methodology moving from apparent silent acquiescence to medical power in Villette, through couched derision against medicine in Mrs Dalloway, to open verbal resistance to medical authority in The Millstone. My analysis concentrates on the discourse of resistance formed by women writers against the discourse of medicine. This response slowly moves from an emphasis on silence towards the acquisition of voice.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Use of Colchicine in the Rat to Investigate A Trophic lnfluence of the Motor Nerve

contributor:
Diamond, J.
Medical Sciences

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract:
Denervation of skeletal muscle fibres is known to lead to a marked alteration of their normal characteristics. The mechanism for this is not clear, but there is great interest in the possibility that the changes are the result of the cutting off of neurotrophic factors which normally continuously act on the muscle fibres. To study this question, colchicine, a drug known to interfere with neurorial transport, was injected through the epineurium of one sciatic nerve in rats, in an attempt to prevent the postulated neurotrophic factors from reaching the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, without interfering with impulse activity in the nerve, or the consequent activity of the muscle. Following this procedure, ipsilateral EDl muscle fibres were found to exhibit extrajunctional sensitivity to acetylcholine ( ACh ), tetrodotoxin ( TTX ) resistant action potentials, and lowered membrane potentials ( RMP ); all characteristic changes observed in denervated skeletal muscle fibres. These fibres however, were shown not to be denervated, since they displayed miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) and neuromuscular transmission was normal.

Unexpectedly, the contralateral EDL muscle fibres which were examined as a routine control, also displayed the features of "denervation" following an injection of colchicine into the ipsilateral sciatic nerve, and were virtually indistinguishable from the ipsilateral EDL fibres. It thus appeared possible that nerve injections of colchicine were acting systemically, and indeed this was shown to be the case when similar denervation-like changes were caused bilaterally after intraperitoneal (I.P.) injections of the same dose of colchicine.

Although thesis results showed that colchicine was acting systemically, it was still possible that it, was effective by blocking neuronal transport in the muscle nerves. Axoplasmic transport was therefore measured in the sciatic nerve of rats, following colchicine injections both systemically and into the contralateral nerve. At no time was there any evidence of an impairment of transport, even though both EDL muscles contained fibres which displayed extrajunctional sensitivity to ACh. lt was concluded that extrajunctional sensitivity to ACh following colchicine injections was not due to an interference with axoplasmic transport.

In the injected sciatic nerve, an impairment of transport was consistently observed and this generally was associated with a detectable paresis and a small percentage (5-7%) of apparently denervated EDL muscle fibres. In addition, the indirectly evoked tetanic tensions produced by the ipsilateral EDL muscles decreased in comparison to the contralateral EDL muscles, commencing about 2 days following the sub-epineural injection of colchicine. From these observations, it was suggested that the demonstrable impairment of axoplasmic transport in the ipsilateral sciatic nerve caused the impairment of neuromuscular transmission on that side.

Colchicine was also chronically applied to rat sciatic nerves by the use of drug-impregnated silicone rubber nerve-cuffs. This procedure prevented the systemic effect of colchicine, but the mechanical presence of the cuff resulted in a usually transitory and variable block of impulse conduction in the nerve. Since muscle inactivity per se also leads to changes previously believed to be due to denervation, the changes that were observed with colchicine-cuffs did not constitute unequivocal evidence supporting neurotrophic effects on the ipsilateral EDL muscle fibres.

It was concluded from the results presented in this thesis that the results of experiments involving colchicine injections or drug-impregnated nerve-cuffs do not unequivocably support the existence of a neurotrophic control of skeletal muscle fibre properties.

Finally, preliminary experiments in which colchicine was used in association with denervation indicated that the most likely mechanism of action of colchicine was a direct one on the muscle fibre membrane itself.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Factors Affecting Zinc and Copper Metabolism During Development in The Piglet Model

contributor:
Atkinson, S.A.
Medical Sciences

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract: This research investigated absorption, distribution and utilization of Zn and Cu in developing piglets as a model for human premature infants, specifically focusing on the impact of diet (amount and ratios of minerals), drugs (dexamethasone) and stage of development on mucosal cell membrane Zn and Cu transport and body Zn and Cu storage. In 32 and 52 h old piglets, velocity of Zn transport across intestinal brush border membranes (BBM) was higher than in 10 and 20 d old piglets but occurred via a nonsaturable mechanism. Cu transport across BBM was greater in the 20 d group than in 10 d, 32 h and 52 h groups and occurred mainly via a saturable mechanism in 32 h, 10 d and 20 d groups. Plasma Zn and Cu were significantly lower but tissue Zn, Cu and metallothionein (MT) contents were higher in the younger groups than the 10 and 20 d groups. Competition for transport between elements may also be important in infants since Cu transport across BBM was suppressed by Zn but enhanced by Fe at the ratios of Zn:Cu and Fe:Cu which are similar to those in premature infant formulas. Further studies indicated that Fe mainly increases Cu binding to BBM. High dietary Zn intake did not alter Zn transport across BBM but induced Zn accumulation in the intestinal mucosa and liver in piglets. These results are valuable in determining appropriate upper limits for Zn, Cu and Fe contents in infant formula. Exogenous dexamethasone (DEX) when used therapeutically to induce lung maturation in premature infants may compromise Zn and Cu status. Zn influx across BBM was significantly greater but Zn efflux was significantly lower in DEX treated compared to control piglets. The effect of DEX on Zn influx was abolished by dietary Zn supplement. Intestinal Cu uptake was also enhanced by DEX treatment. However, DEX-induced mucosal uptake of Zn and Cu did not appear to result in increased net Zn and Cu absorption since intestinal MT was induced by DEX. This study provides evidence that DEX treatment alters Zn and Cu metabolism in early life. Zn and Cu status should be carefully monitored in premature infants receiving long-term DEX therapy.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Integrated Hydrodynamic and Pollutant Transport Model for the Nearshore Areas of the Great Lakes and Their Tributaries

contributor:
Tsanis, I.K.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract: This thesis deals with the modelling of the circulation and pollutant transport in the nearshore areas of lakes and their tributaries. An integrated hydrodynamic/pollutant transport model was developed which operates in an interactive environment and is equipped with powerful graphics. The model can predict: (a) the horizontal and vertical current structure in the lake under isothermal and stratified conditions for steady and variable wind conditions, (b) the spatial and temporal pollutant concentration distributions in the lake from multiple input pollutant sources such as creeks, sewer treatment plant outfalls (STPs) and combined sewer outfalls (CSOs) discharging in the lake, and (c) the particle trajectories released in different locations in the lake. The model was calibrated with extant laboratory data. The water level set-up and current structure in the Great Lakes were obtained under various wind conditions and in two cases, in Lake St. Clair and Lake Ontario, the model was verified with current meter and water elevation measurements, respectively. The model was successfully applied to the St. Clair River in Sarnia for a number of storm cases and was proven to be an effective tool in screening remedial options for mitigation of bacteriological pollution in the Bay. The field data collected during the 1990-1991 field season in Hamilton Harbour was analyzed and used to verify the model. The seiches of Lake Ontario and Hamilton Harbour were revealed for the first time in the water level data in the Harbour. The simulated and measured currents and drogue trajectories were in good agreement, indicating the presence of topographical eddies and mixing zones in the Harbour. Finally, a nested-grid model was developed and successfully applied in three nearshore areas of Hamilton Harbour to examine the impact of artificial islands by studying the changes in current patterns and concentration peak, exposure, and flushing time in different locations of concern.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Tertiary Imidazole Phosphine Ligands and Their Transition Metal Complexes

contributor:
Lock, C.J.L.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
Gold(I) phosphine complexes have been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. One such complex, auranofin (triethylphosphinegold(I)2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-$\beta $-glucopyranoside) is a commercially available drug. It is possible to replace the triethylphosphine by other phosphines, hence changing the chemical and physical properties of the compounds. Tertiary imidazole phosphines are multidentate ligands containing both "soft" and "hard" binding sites. By use of such ligands, it is possible to make complexes that can bring two different metal ions into the biological system at once.

In this work, a number of tertiary imidazole phosphine ligands and their metal complexes have been prepared and characterized by the X-ray diffraction method and other spectroscopic methods. The chemical properties of the phosphine ligands have been investigated.

The phosphines which have the phosphorus atom connected to the C2 carbon atom of the imidazole ring are poor $\sigma$-bases with respect to the phosphorus atom and are subject to chemical attack in the presence of some metal cations. Complexes of these ligands with hard or soft metal ion have been obtained, but no complexes with both a hard and a soft metal ion have been isolated for these phosphines. A new phosphine with the phosphorus atom connected to the C5(4) carbon atom of the imidazole ring has been synthesized, which readily binds to both hard and soft metal ions. A complex of this ligand with gold(I) and copper(II) has been prepared and characterized.

Some gold(I) and platinum(II) complexes with ligands related to the decomposition products of the tertiary imidazole phosphines have also been prepared and characterized. The dynamic and static Jahn-Teller effects of the copper(II) complexes studied in this work are discussed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Behaviour of Blind Bolted Moment Connections for Square HSS Columns

contributor:
Ghobarah, A.
Korol, R.M.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
Although hollow structural sections (HSS) are an efficient structural member and have attractive architectural appearance, their use as columns in low or medium-rise moment-resisting steel frames has been limited. Some of the difficulties are due to the lack of a simple and practical field-bolted moment connection between a W-shape beam and an HSS column.

The objectives of this research study are to develop a practical bolted moment connection between a W-shape beam and a square HSS column and to evaluate its behaviour experimentally under monotonic and cyclic loading. In addition, it is of interest to evaluate the effect of the developed connection response on the frame's overall behaviour, and provide guidelines and design rules for detailing the connection. In this research study, attention is focused on investigating the behaviour of bolted end-plate connections developed by blind fasteners. An experimental-analytical approach was used in this research program.

The experimental program which was carried out on full scale beam-to-column connections involved three phases. First, three monotonic tests were conducted to examine the behaviour of such a connection using blind fasteners and to compare their response with a similar connection using high strength A325 bolts. Second, four tests were conducted on connections utilizing larger HSS columns and with different stiffening conditions to reveal different modes of failure. Third, two cyclic tests were performed to examine the effect of cyclic loading on such a connection.

Based on the observations and results of the experimental program, an analytical model to predict the behaviour of the connection was developed. The sensitivity of the model was checked by comparing its predictions with the experimental results. The model was then incorporated into "Drain-2DX" computer program to be used in analyzing moment resisting frames. Based on both experimental and analytical results, a design procedure for the connection was proposed.

The effect of connection flexibility on the response of a 4-storey steel moment frame was evaluated by comparing the response to that of a similar frame with rigid connections. The frames were analyzed statically under monotonically increasing loading and dynamically under two earthquake ground motions. It was concluded that, the flexibility of semi-rigid connections should be included in both static and dynamic analyses to determine a frame's structural response more realistically.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Pennsylvanian Shallow Marine and Aeolian Sediments, Tyrwhitt, Storelk and Tobermory Formations of Southeastern British Columbia

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
The Tyrwhitt, Storelk and Tobermory Formations constitute the major part of a Pennsylvanian siliciclastic succession in the Southern Canadian Rocky Mountain. The eight defined facies composing the Tyrwhitt and Tobermory Formations are mutually exclusive from five of the six facies composing the Storelk Formation. The Storelk Formation, and part of the Tyrwhitt Formation, are further divisible into laterally persistent facies and facies assemblages (Intervals).

Major facies in the Tyrwhitt and Tobermory Formations, interpreted in the context of a storm dominated shallow marine shelf, are: (1) a fossiliferous thoroughly bioturbated structureless sandstone facies which dominates the sequences, and represents background conditions of sedimentation; (2) a medium scale trough crossbedded facies, with paleoflow directed offshore; (3) a small scale crosslaminated facies, and (4) a horizontal laminated facies, both of which are intimately vertically and laterally associated. Three carbonate facies and siltstone facies, deposited during periods of restricted sand supply, constitute a minor proportion of Formational thicknesses. Virtually all facies interbed with the structureless facies, and all were apparently deposited at or below storm wave base, where storm surge currents with weaker superimposed oscillatory flow are interpreted to be the primary depositional mechanisms. The strength of the storm surge currents, together with the grain size and rate of sediment supply, controlled the lithology of the facies and the type and preservability of the sedimentary structures.

Facies constituting the Storelk Formation, interpreted in an aeolian context, are: (1) a megaplanar facies, composed of planar sets 2 - 10 m thick; (2) a megatrough facies, composed of trough sets 2-6 m thick; (3) a large scale tough crossbedded facies, and (4) a large scale planar crossbedded facies, containing sets less than 2 m thick which interbed with (1) and (2); (5) the Storelk structureless facies, composed of structureless sandstone devoid of body or trace fossils, and which has a problematical origin; and (6) a thin fossiliferous carbonate facies, interpreted as the deposit of a brief marine transgression during Storelk time. The aeolian interpretation is based on the abundance of giant crossbedding, the moderate (10-25 degrees) foreset dip angles, the total absence of body or trace fossils (except for one facies), and the presence of widespread truncation surfaces. Each of these features is comparable to that of ancient or modern aeolian examples, and a shallow marine origin is improbable. Facies assemblages in the crossbedded Storelk Intervals appear to be correlative with specific types of wind regimes. The Storelk succession was deposited in a low latitude coastal desert under the influence of prevailing north-easterly tradewinds. Aeolian deposition commenced in this area possibly as a result of a glacioeustatic lowering of a sea level, and was terminated by a major marine transgression during Tobermory time.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Crack-Particle Interactions in Brittle Composites

contributor:
Nicholson, P.S.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

abstract:
A study was made of the fracture in a model composite containing nickel spheres in a glass matrix. The macroscopic fracture characteristics of the system were determined by fracture surface energy, strength and elastic modulus measurements. The microstructures of the composites were defined carefully using quantitative microscopy and the fracture processes were studied using fractographic techniques. In particular, the technique of ultrasonic fractography was used to study the crack-particle interactions in detail.

It was found that for a non-bonded S glass-nicker system, the crack shape changes were similar to those observed for a glass-pore system. Theoretical models were used to explain the crack shape variations and their effect on properties. These models were based on the interaction of the stress field of the crack and the particles by local crack blunting and image stresses. Good agreement was obtained between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of crack shape at breakaway and the fracture surface energy variations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Attack of Magnestic Refractories by Steelmaking Slags

contributor:
Lu, W-K.
Nicholson, P.S.
Metallurgy

subject: Metallurgy Metallurgy

abstract:
Experimental investigations of the attack of carbon-free and carbon-bearing magnesite refractories by synthetic steelmaking slags at 1600°C and relevant theoretical analysis are documented in this thesis.

The attack of carbon-free magnesite brick by steelmaking slags was studied by immersing cylindrical specimens in molten slag contained in a noble metal crucible. The major variable of study was the composition of the slag, i.e., the alumina and magnesia contents and the lime-silica ratio.

The reacted samples are examined macroscopically in terms of elongation, slag climb and penetration. Microscopic examination by petrographic techniques and microprobe analysis further illustrate the macroscopic observations associated with the chemical reactions taking place between the refractories and the penetrating slag.

The role of carbon in extending the lining life of BOF carbon-bearing refractories is the main objective of this research. Test crucibles were reacted with slags. The reacted samples were microscopically studied. The formation and destruction of a dense MgO layer in reacted specimens was studied. Theoretical analysis of the formation of the dense MgO layer was undertaken based on the assumption, that the formation of MgO is the resul t of a gaseous reac.tion between magnesium vapor and carbon dibxide.

This work has been carried out under conditions relevant to refractory problems involved in a few major steelmaking vessels. The results obtained here have shed light on the kinetics and mechanism of the attack of magnesite refractories by steelmaking slags.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Les Jésuites canadiens français en Chine (1918-1955): leur perception des traditions chinoises

contributor:
Grant, George
Yün-hua, Jan
Gérard Vallée and Klaus Pringsheim
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
L'analyse de cette expérience missionnaire menée par des Canadiens français en Chine rurale prémaoïste montre que ces hommes ont perçu les traditions chinoises en fonction, essentiellement, de leur optique de chrétiens occidentaux venus "planter l'Eglise" dans sa forme catholique romaine. Elle montre aussi comment leur réaction à la civilisation chinoise reflète certains aspects de la réalité quebecoise des années 30 et a pu marquer l'image que les Québécois se font d'eux-mêmes.

La nouveauté de cette étude est double. Elle aborde l'histoire des missions canadiennes françaises sous un angle qui n'a pas été envisagé jusqu'ici, celui de l'impact de ce type de rencontre religio-culturelle non pas sur l'évangélisé, mais sur l'évangélisant; elle porte en outre sur une dimension religieuse du Canada français encore peu explorée: Ia présence de sa diaspora missionnaire au monde contemporain. Ce travail intérease diverses branches de la recherche académique: la missiologie, particulièrement en ce qui regarde les séquelles théologiques et socio-culturelles de la "Querelle des Rites", Ia sinologie, dans Ie domaine surtout de l'ethnologie et de la sociologie religieuse, mais plus encore I'histoire religieuse canadienne. Il projette en effet un éclairage nouveau vers I'arrière, sur cette période de I'entre-deux-guerres marquée au Québec par la confrontation de l'Eglise à la première vague d'industrialisation de l'Amérique du Nord et, vers l'avant, sur l'accession du Québec à la maturité culturelle et politique.

abstract: Doctor of Arts (DA)


title: Matthew and Paul on Christ and the Law: Compatible or Incompatible Theologies?

contributor:
Meyer, B.F.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This present study is both exegetical (Part One) and analytical (Part Two). The exegetical effort aims at expressing as accurately as possible how the redactor of Matthew's gospel understood the relation of Christ to the law of Moses and how Paul, especially in Galatians and Romans, understood the relation of Christ and the law. The analytical effort aims at bringing these two views into relation to one another.

With regard to Matthew and Paul on Christ and the law: Matthew understands Christ to bring the law to fulfilment, i.e., to its appointed eschatological measure of completeness. Paul understands Christ to be "the end of the law" (Rom. 10:4); that is, for those who have found salvation in Christ the law ceases to enslave and condemn.

Such views may be contradictory or complementary or neither contradictory nor complementary but simply compatible. The thesis argues that the views of Matthew and Paul on Christ and the law belong to the third or middle category. The differences of view are real and remain intact, but the two are finally compatible theologies.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Bauschinger Effect and The Work Hardening of Aluminum Copper Alloys

contributor:
Embury, J.D.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

abstract:
Several conflicting models have been proposed to describe the work hardening behaviour of alloys composed of a hard second phase in a plastically deforming matrix. Good agreement is reported when the models are compared with the results of unidirectional tests. To distinguish between the models, it is necessary to use tests which include deformation in both the forward and reverse directions.

In this study the work hardening behaviour in aluminum copper alloys has been studied using deformation in compression immediately after deformation in tension. The large Bauschinger Effect obtained has been analysed to give the magnitude of the long range back stress present in the alloy due to the elastic deformation of the θ' particles in the plastically deforming matrix. Experiments were carried out on polycrystals, and on single crystal test pieces oriented for single and multiple slip over a wide range of temperatures. The results give excellent agreement with a model which calculates the long range back stress. The reported good agreement of other experimental work with an opposing model has been critically examined.

The behaviour at large strains has been studied to determine the processes leading to plastic relaxation. The conditions at the onset of necking of the single crystal test pieces have been examined, and the formation of coarse shear bands and final fracture correlated with the work hardening rate.


title: Studies on the Role of Nerve Growth Factor in the Growth of Nerve Fibres from Sympathetic Ganglia

contributor:
Hall, R.H.
Biochemistry

subject: Biochemistry Biochemistry

abstract:
The role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in stimulation nerve fibre growth from sympathetic nervous tissue of the chick embryo was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. A method for the in vitro culture of sympathetic ganglia, using plastic tissue culture plates and a liquid medium, was developed which was convenient for the growth of large numbers of ganglia. The response to NGF in this system differs from that observed in the commonly used plasma-clot system in the time required for nerve fibre growth, the morphology of the nerve fibres and the effects of RNA synthesis inhibitors.

The capacity of several compounds other than NGF to stimulate nerve fibre growth was investigated. Both cAMP and, its butyrylated derivatives as well as E-type prostaglandins stimulated neurite extension. Similar results were obtained with sodium butyrate and other short chain fatty acids. Theophylline and papaverine, used as cyclic nucleotide phosphodiestrase inhibitors, inhibited neurite extension in the presence of NGF. Since none of the compounds tested stimulated neurite extension to the same extent as NGF it is suggested that they mimic some but not all the effects of NGF on sympathetic neurons. The stimulation of neurite extension from mature neurons may be distinct from the effects of NGF on the maturation and differentiation of neuroblasts.

The role of NGF during the development of sympathetic innervation in the chick embryo was investigated by measuring NGF levels in several organs (heart, duodenum, spleen, iris) at various stages of the incubation period and relating them to the establishment of sympathetic innervation in these tissues. NGF activity in tissue extracts was determined by bioassay. The activity of the enzyme dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) was determined in the organs as an indication of the presence of sympathetic nerve terminals.

NGF levels in the tissues increased several-fold during embryonic development. This was not observed in tissues which are only sparsely or not at all supplied with sympathetic nerves (liver, leg muscle). DBH activity could only be detected in the organs during the last quarter of the incubation period. At this time NGF levels had already reached a maximum. No quantitative relationship between NGF levels and DBH activity was observed in any of the organs.

These data together with some histofluorescence studies on innervation patterns in the heart and duodenum of the chick embryo (Enemar et al., 1965) suggest a relationship between the NGF content of the target tissue and the establishment of sympathetic innervation. NGF levels in the target tissue may serve to regulate the onset and extent of ramification of sympathetic innervation during embryonic development.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Binding or Oxytocin to Receptors in Lactating Mammary Gland

contributor:
Branda, Luis A.
Biochemistry

subject: Biochemistry Biochemistry

abstract:
Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone which is synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). It has two known biological activities in mammals: 1) Oxytocin stimulates uterine contraction. Its precise role in the initiation of labour and function during parturition is not as yet well defined; 2) Oxytocin causes milk ejection from the mammary gland during lactation. This research has been involved with the latter aspect.

In mammary gland, the target cells for oxytocin are myoepithelial cells. Interaction of oxytocin with specific receptor molecules, thought to be present in the outer, or plasma membrane of these cells causes their contraction and results in ejection of milk from the gland. The goal of this research has been to identify specific receptors for oxytocin in mammary gland from lactating rabbits, to examine some properties of the binding of oxytocin to its receptor and to solubilize the receptor with detergents to permit future examination of its properties in isolation from other plasma membrane components.

Receptors for oxytocin can be identified in mammary gland from lactating rabbits by using a radioactive hormone, tritiated oxytocin (³[H]-oxytocin) to bind to the receptors. This receptor meets several criteria of specificity for oxytocin. The active oxytocin analog [1-deamino]-oxytocin competes with [³H]-oxytocin for binding; the almost inactive analog [4-proline]-oxytocin did not. The receptor was detectable in the target tissue, mammary gland, but was not detectable in a non-target tissue, rabbit liver. The receptor had a high affinity for oxytocin (Kd = 3.2 x 10ˉ⁹ M) and had a maximal binding capacity in the preparation used for these studies of 385 x 10ˉ¹⁵ moles per mg protein. A high affinity for the ligand is characteristic of hormone-receptor interactions. In view of the amount of oxytocin required for a biological response, the binding capacity found in this study indicates the presence of "spare" receptors for oxytocin.

The binding of [³H]-oxytocin required the presence of divalent cations and was inhibited in the presence of EDTA. Re-addition of Mg²⁺ restored binding activity. Binding of [³H]-oxytocin was reversible. At 37°C, dissociation of approximately 90% of the bound oxytocin required 30 minutes.

Partial purification of the particulate receptors was done by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. In one fraction, oxytocin binding activity was enriched 5-6 fold. 5'-Nucleotidase, a plasma membrane marker enzyme, was also enriched in this fraction to a similar extent. This provides evidence that the oxytocin receptor is present on the plasma membranes of its target cells.

The particulate oxytocin receptor was treated with the detergents deoxycholic acid, Triton X-100 and Lubrol-PX in an attempt to obtain a soluble receptor. Such treatment prevented the binding of [³H]-oxytocin. The amount of binding ability destroyed was dependent upon the concentration of detergent employed. Removal of the detergent did not restore the ability to bind oxytocin. Incubation of the particulate receptor with [³H]-oxytocin prior to detergent treatment permitted the recovery of a hormone-receptor complex. Most of the complex remained in the particulate fraction. Approximately 25% was still present in the supernatant following centrifugation at 210,000 x gav. for 30 minutes. This portion of the hormone-receptor complex may be considered "solubilized", as judged by this single criterion.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The association of herpes simplex virus with cervical cancer a mathematical model, and exploration of an approach to retrieve viral genetic information from transformed cells

contributor:
Rawls, William E.
Medical Sciences

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract: A review of the available evidence relating herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) to cervical cancer in humans showed reasonable circumstantial evidence to suspect the participation of HSV-2 in the pathogenesis of the tumors. The best evidence was provided by seroepidemiological data, however, variations were observed among the data obtained from different populations. A mathematical model based on causal considerations and developed as an extension of a model used in chemical carcinogenesis was found to account for a large part of these variations. This model was found to reasonably describe the relation between the incidence rate of cervical cancer and the fraction of women with previous experience with the virus in different human populations. The fitting to the data suggested the existence of two kinds of etiologic factors involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, one related to HSV-2 and another not related to the virus. The model described for average population values was expanded to age-specific data. This allowed the estimation of the age distribution of primary infection with HSV-2 (ϕ(v)), the distribution of the age of developing cancer unrelated to HSV-2 (Yᵤ(t)), the distribution of the age of developing cancer associated with HSV-2 (Yᵥ(t)), and the distribution of the time elapsing from the primary infection with HSV-2 up to the development of cervical cancer associated to HSV-2 (ψ(u)). The different shapes of Yᵤ(t) and Yᵥ(t) supported the existence of the two kinds of etiologic factors in the pathogenesis of the tumors. In addition, ψ(u) was found to correspond to relatively long times suggesting an important role for viral latency or viral reinfections in HSV-2 carcinogenesis. In view of the fact that some cervical cancers may not be related to HSV-2 the direct detection of HSV-2 genetic information in the cancer cells was considered fundamental for the correct assessment of the viral participation in the pathogenesis of the tumor. Large inconsistencies were found among reports of studies designed to detect HSV-2 genes in cancer cells. As a consequence a new approach was explored. The direct retrieval of viral endogenous genes was attempted from cells biochemically transformed by the virus. Contrary to reports from other systems, rescue was not detected. The frequency of rescue products was estimated as a value below 7x10^-17. These results suggested that rescue experiments which may be suitable for the detection of latent HSV, are not sensitive enough for the exposure of subgenomic viral sequence present in transformed cells. As a requirement for the rescue experiments, a new technique was developed to quantitate and clone HSV expressing the viral thymidine kinase in stocks predominantly lacking virus able to express this enzymatic activity.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Meaning of Social Reality: Positivism vs. Phenomenology in the Social Sciences

contributor:
Madison, G.B.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
Alongside the philosophical debate between phenomenology and positivism there is a parallel debate among social scientists. It concerns the respective merits of qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research has, as a model of society, a set of conceptual relationships, while quantitative research uses a purely causal empirical model.

Commencing with the intuition that society consists of both causal and conceptual relationships, an attempt is made to combine elements of both positivism and phenomenology in a way helpful to social science practitioners.

The two opposing models are held to be reconcilable at the level of social explanation, and a theoretical basis for this conclusions is presented. The two contrasting views of the nature of rationality are also discussed, and it is argued that both can be used in tandem as tools of mutual criticism and enlightenment.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)