identifier: McGonigal, Michael Henry <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McGonigal=3AMichael_Henry=3A=3A.html>   (1972) The Gander and Davidsville groups : major techtonostratigraphic units in the Gander Lake area, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Detailed investigations in the Gander area have revealed the presence of two previously unrecognised terranes with contrasting structural, metamorphic and intrusive histories. These are named the metasedimentary terrane and the sedimentary and volcanic terrane. Older pre-Middle Ordovician polydeformed and metamorphosed rocks, mainly sediments of the Gander Group, are assigned to the metasedimentary terrane. The Gander Group is informally subdivided into the amphibolite-psammite member, the mixed member, and the pelite-mafic volcanic member. These members structurally overlie undifferentiated, predominantly psammitic metasediments of the group. The sedimentary and volcanic terrane includes the lower and upper members of the Davidsville Group. Mafic agglomerates occur at the base of this mid-Ordovician greywacke-slate sequence. -- Intrusive into the Gander Group are schistose, pre- or early-kinematic garnetiferous leucocratic granite, mafic and ultramafic bodies, as well as late-kinematic 'porphyritic granite' and apparently undeformed gabbro and diabase. Early gabbro, pyroxenite and serpentinite, and post-tectonic diabase dykes intrude the Davidsville Group. -- The Gander Group contains southeast facing, major recumbent F₂ folds, with two later crenulation fabrics and associated folds. Major structures are refolded into steep attitudes in the East near the contact with the basement, and in the West close to the Davidsville Group. This step-like refolding is considered to be Acadian (Devonian) in age. Rocks of the Gander Group have undergone greenschist to low amphibolite facies metamorphism, and local thermal overprinting. Within the Davidsville Group, upright open to close folding and later crenulation or kinking are attributed to the Acadian deformation. This terrane is much less recrystallized and of lower metamorphic grade (sub-greenschist facies). -- Greywackes of the Davidsville Group contain metamorphic detritus derived from the metasedimentary terrane, indicating deformation, meta-morphism, uplift and erosion of the Gander Group before mid-Ordovician time. A fault now separates rocks of the metasedimentary terrane and volcanic terrane in the Gander area.


identifier: Ryley, C. Christopher (Charles Christopher) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ryley=3AC=2E_Christopher_=28Charles_Christopher=29=3A=3A.html>   (1987) Multielement taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and paleoecology of late Triassic conodonts from the Mamonia Complex, southwestern Cyprus.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract: The Mamonia Complex, situated in the southwest of Cyprus, is an allochthonous assemblage composed of Triassic to Cretaceous sediments, Triassic mafics, and subordinate metamorphics, which have been juxtaposed against the Troodos Complex (an ophiolite suite). The Complex has been subdivided into two groups: the Ayios Photios Group, a wholly sedimentary assemblage recording continental margin sedimentation, and the Dhiarizos Group, a predominantly igneous assemblage recording continental margin volcanism and associated sedimentation. -- The Triassic strata of the Ayios Photios Group has been further subdivided into the following formations: the Vlambouros Formation, representing a transition from shallow- to deep-water flysch sedimentation within a subsiding basin, and the Marona Formation, characterized by pelagic limestones deposited along portions of the margin not receiving clastic sediments. Likewise, the Dhiarizos Group contains the following Triassic sedimentary units: the Petra ton Romiou Formation, representing reef and shelf sedimentation, and the "Kholetria Member", characterized by limestones occupying interstitial regions within associated submarine volcanics. The sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Mamonia Complex record the Early Mesozoic construction, and subsequent Late Cretaceous destruction, of a passive continental margin. -- All four of the Triassic sedimentary units of the Mamonia Complex yielded conodonts. Forty-seven of the ninety-eight processed samples yielded in excess of 4700 conodonts. Multielement taxonomic study of these specimens has allowed the recognition of thirty species. Five multielement genera (Chirodella, Cornudina, Cypridodella, Misikella, and Neogondolella) are revised on the basis of their multielement nature. The genus Misikella contains only one recognized species, Misikella longidentata; all other species previously referred to Misikella are now assigned to the new (unnamed) multielement genus New Genus A. Two other new unnamed genera are described. -- Four Late Triassic conodont zones are recognized: the Neogondolella communisti morphotype A Zone (tentatively), and the Epigondolella abneptis. Epigondolella spatulata, and Upper Bidentata assemblage zones; suggestive of latest Carnian to late Norian age. The distribution of conodonts in the three recognized depositional environments suggests that at least some Late Triassic conodonts were nektic in habit. -- (KEY WORDS: Conodonta; Triassic; Norian; Cyprus; Mamonia Complex; Multielement Taxonomy; Biostratigraphy; Paleoecology)


identifier: White, Charlotte Anne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/White=3ACharlotte_Anne=3A=3A.html>   (1980) The petrology and geochemistry of peralkaline granite and volcanic rocks near Davis Inlet, Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Davis Inlet area is underlain by Archean gneisses and younger igneous rocks which range in composition from gabbroic to granitic. Two granites and a volcanic unit were sampled during the field season of 1978. -- Detailed petrographic and geochemical studies indicate the non-peralkaline nature of the clinopyroxene-fayalite granite and the peralkaline character of the arfvedsonite-riebeckite granite and its associated volcanics. Mineralogical characteristics such as the presence of poikolitic aegirine-augite and arfvedsonite-riebeckite with needles of riebeckite nucleating on grain boundaries, and extensive albitization reflect the peralkaline nature and intense volatile activity in the peralkaline granite. -- Chemical characteristics such as agpaitic indices (Molecular Na₂O+ K₂O/A1₂O₃), normative acmite and sodium metasilicate and trace element behaviour can be used to separate the granitic suites according to their peralkaline and non-peralkaline natures. -- The enigma of the Nuiklavick volcanic suite has been dealt with primarily on the basis of trace (including RE) element data. Extreme enrichment of Zr, Nb, Y, Th, Zn, Ni and the REE along with severely depleted Ba, Sr, Ca, and Mg are a strong indication of a very peralkaline character. Trace element trends and concentrations observed in samples examined cannot be explained by conventional differentiation models. Systematic trace element enrichment patterns indicate a high degree of continuity between the peralkaline granite and volcanic samples reflecting transport of elements to the top of the magma chamber as cationic complexes in a fluid/volatile phase. From the data observed in this study and in others it is possible to suggest that over saturated peralkaline rocks reflect intense volatile activity which produces their characteristic petrography and geochemistry.


identifier: Singh, Chatra Ket <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Singh=3AChatra_Ket=3A=3A.html>   (1969) Petrology of the Signal Hill and Blackhead formations, Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Detailed studies on the Precambrian Signal Hill Formation and the overlying Blackhead Formation exposed between Flatrock and Ferryland reveal minor lithological variations. Lithofeldspathic Sandstone is predominant and forms most of the lower and middle members of the Signal Hill Formation and most of the Blackhead Formation. Conglomerate forms most of the upper member of the Signal Hill Formation. It is composed mainly of pebbles of tuff and rhyolite, sedimentary rocks, granitoid rocks, quartzite, and basic volcanic rocks, in order of decreasing abundance. -- The mineralogy of the Signal Hill and Blackhead Formations is similar and indicates common source rocks. Sediments were derived from Harbour Main, Conception and Holyrood - type rocks, exposed at that time somewhere to the north of the site of deposition. Ripple marks and cross-bedding displayed in the sandstone and siltstone of the lower and middle members of the Signal Hill Formations suggest deposition in an environment similar to the undathem environment of Rich (1951). Progressive upward fining of the Signal Hill conglomerate and concomitant change from planar bedding to cross bedding suggest a change in the depositing streams from conditions of predominantly rapid flow of the upper flow regime to those of tranquil flow of the lower flow regime. The rocks of the Blackhead Formation show features, characteristic of fluvial braided river deposits. These are mainly planar and trough cross-bedding, channels and mud cracks.


identifier: McArthur, J. G. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McArthur=3AJ=2E_G=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1973) The geology of the Stirling copper property, Springdale, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Stirling property at Springdale in north-central Newfoundland is one of many pyritic copper prospects found in the dominantly pillowed Lower Ordovician. Lush's Bight Group. The nearby Whalesback and Little Bay mines within the Group are recent past-producers of copper. -- The map-area is underlain by a 3800-foot thick sequence of Lush's Bight Group volcanics which has been divided into four mappable units: tuffaceous schists and siliceous tiffaceous schists; chloritic metabasalts; volcanic breccia; and epidote basalt and isolated pillow basalt. Numerous mafic intrusives are considered to be feeder dykes and sills to the volcanic pile. Ten whole rock analyses support the interpretation that the Lush's Bight Group is a low-potash tholeiite that formed in the upper part of layer two of ancient oceanic crust. -- The volcanic units and the related intrusives have been metamorphosed to the greenschist facies and have one good penetrative, steeply dipping S₁ fabric produced by the main regional deformation - D₁. This deformation produced very large-scale folds such that the entire map-area is underlain by part of one limb of a major F₁ fold. Small-scale kink bands and crenulations are evidence for a locally developed D₂ deformation. Two sets of faults trending 030ﾟ and 060ﾟ have been recognized in the subsurface drilling and they correspond to strong topographic linears. -- Two separate zones of pyrite and chalcopyrite mineralization with minor pyrrhotite and sphalerite have been designated "A" and "B". The sulphides occur as massive or nearly massive lenses, pods and as a stock-work of stringers. Disseminated sulphides are common throughout the zones. In the "A" zone, the sulphides occur in the chloritic metabasalts similar to many of the pyritic copper deposits in the Group. In the "B" zone, the sulphides occur in the siliceous tuffaceous schists and to a lesser extent in the chloritic metabasalts. The mineralized zones are steeply dipping and generally conformable with the stratigraphy and structure. Primary sulphide textures are absent due to recrystallization and remobilization during the D₁ deformation. The present distribution of sulphides resembles the disseminated stockwork zone in the 'Cyprus type' ophiolite mineralization.


identifier: Whalen, Joseph Bruce <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Whalen=3AJoseph_Bruce=3A=3A.html>   (1976) Geology and geochemistry of molybdenite showings of the Ackley City batholith, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Devonian (345±10 my) Ackley City batholith is an oval, approximately 5,400 km² granitoid which intrudes Ordovician and Precambrian rocks of the Gander and Avalon zones, respectively, in southeast Newfoundland. It is a composite intrusion consisting of K-feldspar mega-crystic granite in the north, east and west, intruded in the southeast by genetically related, more differentiated, alaskitic granite. Spatially related to the southeast contact of the latter are younger, fine grained and pegmatitic intrusive phases, within which are six separate Mo showings. Contacts of the batholith are sharp and characterized by low grade contact metamorphism. -- The granitoid phases are composed essentially of quartz, perthite, plagioclase (andesine to albite) and minor biotite, magnetite, sphene, zircon, fluorite, and tourmaline. The pegmatite is composed of large quartz crystals (up to 50 cm diameter) and orthoclase. Myrmekitic texture is common in the megacrystic granite while granophyric texture s rare in the alaskitic granite but common in the aplitic and pegmatic phases. -- The Mo host intrusives are all extreme differentiates and consequently show little variation in major elements. However, fractionation trends of trace elements and elemental ratios indicate they are more highly differentiated than the alaskitic granite. The latter shows a regional variation in geochemistry, indicating that its degree of differentiation increases gradationally toward the intrusive contact. -- The alaskitic and fine grained intrusive phases crystallized between .5 and 1 Kb PH₂₀ and resemble a hypersolvus granite. The fine grained and pegmatite phases are explicable as erosional remnants of a once extensive roof zone complex possibly formed by in situ differentiation resulting in concentration of volatile and Mo rich, highly fractionated magma in the roof of the alaskitic granite. -- The different showings exhibit variation in lithology of host rocks, mode of mineralization and associated trace metals, although Mo is the only economically important element. They represent a gradation between magmatic (pegmatite) and hydrothermal (porphyry affinity) deposits, resulting essentially from retention and release of volatiles, respectively. The roof zone localization of the granitoid mineralization has important ramifications for exploration on a local and regional scale. The porphyry affinities of some showings indicates that models of absence of porphyry deposits in pre-Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts due to erosional level may not be valid.


identifier: Hunt, Peter Harvey <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hunt=3APeter_Harvey=3A=3A.html>   (1995) The development of the HI-DAPT II high-resolution sub-bottom profiling system.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A new sub-bottom profiling system, the HI-DAPT II, was designed, assembled and field tested. The system is adaptable to a variety of marine acoustic sources thus suited to any aqueous environment. The system uses a digital signal processing (DSP) board with 2 channels of 16 bit analog-to-digital conversion, embedded in a PC chassis, to acquire and process sub-bottom data. Conventional post-stack processing algorithms such as frequency filtering, automatic gain control, swell filter, predictive deconvolution and spiking deconvolution have been coded to run on the DSP to enable processing of the data between successive shots. A two-channel hydrophone streamer consisting of a single hydrophone and a line array is used to collect sub-bottom data. Raw data are stored together with a time stamp and processing parameters on an magneto-optical disk. Processed data are displayed on a CRT and output to a thermal plotter. The HI-DAPT II system was field tested over a portion of the West Florida Sand Sheet, 37 km south of Panama City Florida, as part of the Coastal Benthic Boundary Layer Special Research Project. The objective of the HI-DAPT-II survey was to delineate the vertical extent of the sand sheet in the area. Three, 5 km-long, seismic lines were acquired over the long axis of a grid as well as two tie lines. A series of tests was performed to determine the optimum processing parameters. Processed data, displayed in wiggle trace/variable area format, revealed two main reflecting horizons. The shallowest reflector is interpreted to represent an erosional cycle during the deposition of the sand sheet which occurred 10,000-7,500 ybp. The deepest, high-amplitude reflector exhibits erosional features. This reflector is interpreted to be the top of the Mio-Pliocene Intracoastal Formation. Field tests have demonstrated how this system has overcome some of the limitations of conventional sub-bottom profiling systems.


identifier: King, A. F. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/King=3AA=2E_F=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1963) Geology of Cape Makkovik Peninsula, Aillik Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is concerned with the most promising molybdenite-rich area on the north coast of Labrador, Cape Makkovik peninsula. The area, although only 6 square miles in size, is part of the Labrador Uranium Province and its geology is similar to the Beaverlodge and Great Bear Lake camps in the western part of the Canadian Shield. -- In a reconnaissance along the Labrador coast in 1900, Daly referred to the glaciated peninsula as "a veritable museum of rock types". The map-area is underlain by an assemblage of folded metamorphosed quartzitic and amphibolitic rocks of Precambrian age which have been termed the Aillik Group. The degree of metamorphism has been largely dependent upon the original character of the rock and upon tectonic stresses which prevailed during deformation. A great number and variety of intrusive rocks ranging in composition from "amazonite" pegmatite to lamprophyre have been intruded at different times along major joint sets. -- After detailed megascopic and microscopic study, parentage has been determined for those metamorphosed and metasomatized (potash-bearing) rocks which have retained some of their primary features. The relative ages of the igneous rocks have been determined and these observations, combined with radioactive age determinations, may possibly be a means of chronological correlation with dyke systems in other parts of Labrador. -- The thesis is illustrated by figures and plates, and by a coloured geological map on a scale of 1 inch to 500 feet.


identifier: Ostrom, Nathaniel Emil <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ostrom=3ANathaniel_Emil=3A=3A.html>   (1992) Stable isotopic variation in particulate organic matter and dissolved inorganic compounds in a northern fjord : implications for present and past environments.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The principle objectives of this study were (1) to gain a detailed understanding of processes resulting in isotopic variation in water column organic matter and (2) to establish a relationship between the isotopic composition of water column material to that of underlying sediments. To facilitate this task nutrient and elemental abundance data and the stable isotopic composition of seston, sinking POM, sediments and inorganic compounds (DIC, NO₃ and NH₄⁺) was determined on a seasonal and spatial basis in a northern fjord, Conception Bay, Newfoundland. -- The concentration and isotopic composition of inorganic nitrogen in deep and pore waters provided insight into sources and cycling of these compounds. Ammonium in the porewaters obtained from the surface 20cm of sediment cores ranged in concentration from 34.7μM to 239.9μM. The nitrogen isotopic composition of porewater ammonium averaged 7.0‰ and was depleted in ¹⁵N by 2‰ relative to sediments. This difference indicates a small fractionation effect during the remineralization of ammonium from organic matter in sediments. Nitrate in water column samples had a very wide range in δ¹⁵N values of -6.2‰ to 7.9‰ and an average of 0.2 ± 3.6‰. The low δ¹⁵N of nitrate relative to pore water ammonium indicates that there is a large fractionation effect associated with nitrification (β = 1.0193) and that this reaction does not proceed to completion at the cold temperatures (<0ﾟC) present in the deep waters of this fjord. The presence of ammonium in deep waters and as a measurable flux from sediments confirms that this substrate is not completely consumed during nitrification. -- The δ¹⁵N of suspended POM varied from 5.2‰ to 20.2‰, with the highest values occurring in the spring at the base of the euphotic zone. High δ¹⁵N values may be a consequence of fractionation during peptide bond cleavage or deamination of proteins during partial degradation. Suspended POM δ¹³C values were narrower in range than δ¹⁵N and were between -26.7‰ and -21.9‰. Enrichments in ¹³c were frequently associated with the chlorophyll maximum during periods of high productivity. Concomitant decreases in the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon and increases in seston δ¹³C values confirmed results of earlier research which found a inverse correlation between pCO₂ and the δ¹³C of phytoplankton. The carbon isotopic composition of DIC ranged from -4.1‰ to 1.6‰. Low δ¹³C-DIC values may be related to brief periods of enhanced respiration as a result of increased substrate concentration during the spring bloom. The higher δ¹³C-DIC values are typical for DIC equilibrated with atmospheric CO₂. Sediment trap δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values were similar in range to suspended POM. The isotope values predicted by a model, which uses the isotopic composition of particulates and flux measurements, are similar to the average δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C determined for sediments in Conception Bay, 8.6‰ and -21.4‰, respectively. These results indicate that sediments are most similar in δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C to phytoplankton during periods of high primary production.


identifier: Reusch, Douglas N. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Reusch=3ADouglas_N=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1983) The New World Island Complex and its relationships to nearby formations, north-central Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The New World Island Complex consists of chaotically mixed volcanic and sedimentary rocks in a 1 km wide belt that extends 30 km southwestward from Cobbs Arm, on eastern New World Island, centrally located in the Dunnage Zone of the Newfoundland Appalachians. The complex comprises four lithic units, locally preserved in partial stratigraphic sections: Squid Cove Volcanics - basalts (non-orogenic tholeiites), autoclastic breccias, red shale, limestone, pyroclastic breccias and tuffs (Arenigian to Llandeilian); Cobbs Arm Limestone (Llandeilian); Rodgers Cove Shale - interbedded black shale and chert (Caradocian); and Muddy Cove Clastics - quartzitic greywackes, shales, polymictic conglomerates, and shaly conglomeratic breccias (Ashgillian to Llandoverian). -- Imbricated slices of competent volcanic rocks over 3 km long are separated by mylonitic and clastic shear zones. Intervening sedimentary slices contain boudinaged interbeds (1 cm to 100 m across) and tight fold hinges. These pass laterally into melange with discrete blocks of volcanic rocks, sandstones, and locally black shale in a sedimentary matrix. The blocks have sheared margins in places, and one large slab of Ordovician limestone is deeply penetrated by Silurian shale. Angular fragments in shaly conglomeratic breccias include black shale and limestone derived from the local stratigraphic section in adjacent fault blocks; one limestone clast is inhomogeneously deformed. -- The New World Island Complex is followed to the northwest by sandstones and conglomerates (Crow Head Formation) of Upper Ordovician to Silurian age. These are locally continuous with Caradocian black shale and older rocks in the complex. Farther northwest, pre-Caradocian volcanic rocks like those in the New World Island Complex (Clarkes Cove Volcanics) are unconformably overlain by coarse Silurian conglomerates (Indian Cove Formation) in another structural slice. The New World Island Complex structurally overlies Silurian conglomerates (Milliners Arm Formation) to the southeast. Compared to sediments of the same age in the third slice to the northwest (Indian Cove Formation), these were deposited farthest from a source area that lay to the northwest. -- Steeply dipping faults in the New World Island Complex are locally folded by folds related to cleavage, and elsewhere truncate folds of the same generation. -- The New World Island Complex is viewed as having formed by syn-sedimentary thrusting which juxtaposed Ordovician rocks with unlithified Silurian sediments, incorporated them as blocks within sedimentary matrix, and telescoped a southeast-facing basin.


identifier: Shaikh, Zafar Mohammed <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shaikh=3AZafar_Mohammed=3A=3A.html>   (1970) Geology and some aspects of the paleontology of the Ordovician Long Point formation, Port au Port Peninsula, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Ordovician Long Point Formation is present in the northwest part of the Port au Port Peninsula, western Newfoundland, where it also underlies the whole of the dagger-like northeastward extension of the peninsula known as Long Point from which it derives its name. This study is concerned with the geology and some aspects of the paleontology of the Long Point Formation outcrop between Three Rook Point and the village of Black Duck Brook, an area of some thirteen square miles. -- The Long Point Formation consists of fossiliferous limestones, sandstones and shales that have been divided by the writer and Weerasinghe (1970), who studied the geology of the northern part of Long Point, into seven members. Named after their type localities they are, from oldest to youngest, the Tea Cove, Shore Point, Portage, Black Duck, Leroy, Beach Point and Misty Cove Members. The rock types present in each member and the relationship of one member to another are described. -- The beds of the Long Point Formation rest unconformably on the Middle Ordovician rocks of the Humber Arm Group. They strike northeastwards and dip towards the northwest at 40 degrees in the Black Duck Brook area but as they are traced southeastwards towards Lourdes they become vertical and then overturned; since the beds always face to the northwest their structure is homoclinal. Although only minor faults of small displacement affect the formation itself, its boundaries are defined by major faults that separate it from both older and younger strata. -- Fossils collected in the thesis area include brachiopods, bryozoans, cephalopods, crinoid fragments, gastropods, graptolites, ostracodes, tabulate and rugose corals and trilobites. The bryozoan and trilobite faunas are described, the former for the first time, and details are also given of some of the other fossils present. -- The beds of the Long Point Formation were laid down in the shallow coastal waters of a transgressive sea. The abundance of limestones with a varied benthonic fauna and the presence of small columnar reefs built by the tabulate coral Labyrinthites indicate an equatorial marine environment. -- The Long Point Formation is corelated, on the basis of its fossil fauna, with the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland and its age is regarded as ranging from upper Middle Ordovician to lower Upper Ordovician (upper Wilderness to upper Barneveld Stages).


identifier: Gale, G. H. (George Henry) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gale=3AG=2E_H=2E_=28George_Henry=29=3A=3A.html>   (1969) The primary dispersion of Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn and Na adjacent to sulfite deposits, Springdale Peninsula, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: An investigation was made of the dispersion patterns of copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, manganese and sodium in the wall rocks of three sulfide deposits representative of the mineral occurrences found on the Springdale Peninsula, Newfoundland. Whole rock samples from the Lady Pond prospect, the Little Deer Mine and the Little Bay Mine were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. -- The deposits, consisting of several steeply plunging narrow lenses containing disseminations and impregnations of chalcopyrite and pyrite, occur in chloritic shear zones in Ordovician pillow lavas. -- The sodium content of the samples gives a reliable indication of the extent of alteration undergone by the country rocks and the chlorite schist zones in which the deposits occur. Nickel and cobalt dispersion patterns do not show any aureoles surrounding the deposits. Manganese and copper dispersion patterns may exhibit narrow local aureoles. The zinc dispersion patterns suggest the presence of aureoles, approximately twenty five feet wide, around the sulfide deposits for four out of six traverses. -- Average background values have been determined for the elements studied and data are presented on the distribution of the elements between different parts of pillows found in the epidotized pillow lavas.


identifier: Blackwood, R. Frank <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Blackwood=3AR=2E_Frank=3A=3A.html>   (1976) The relationship between the Gander and Avalon zones in the Bonavista Bay region, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Dover Fault, characterized by a 300-500 metre wide mylonite zone, forms the boundary between the Gander and Avalon Zones in Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland. The Gander Zone, northwestwards of the fault, is underlain by a basement gneiss complex consisting of orthogneiss and paragneiss. The gneisses are intruded by a variety of granitic rocks including megacrystic granite, garnetiferous granite and gabbro. A strong, regionally developed, cataclastic foliation is superimposed upon the gneissic banding and overprints some of the granitic rocks. Metasedimentary rocks form a cover sequence to the basement gneisses in the northwestern part of the area. -- The Avalon Zone, southeastwards of the Dover Fault, is underlain by Hadrynian volcanic rocks which are strongly foliated. Late Hadrynian - Early Cambrian Molasse rocks post-date the deformation of the volcanic rocks. -- The Dover Fault formed in association with the regional cataclastic foliation, both are products of a tectonic event which overprints the Gander Zone and deforms the Precambrian volcanic rocks of the Avalon Zone. Thus the main movement on the fault is Precambrian. In southeastern Newfoundland, the Hermitage Bay Fault, characterized by a 50-100 metre wide breccia zone, forms the boundary between the Gander and Avalon Zones. Here, Paleozoic brecciation has destroyed most of the original (mylonitic) structure. -- The Gander and Avalon Zones form two major tectonostratigraphic belts which may be traced all along the southeastern side of the Appalachian-Caledonian system. Precambrian orogenic activity affecting these two zones is likely related to the Cadomian Orogeny.


identifier: Owen, John Victor <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Owen=3AJohn_Victor=3A=3A.html>   (1985) Tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Grenville Front Zone, Smokey Archipelago, Labrador.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Grenville Front in eastern Labrador coincides with the Benedict Fault, a south-dipping zone of heterogeneously deformed rocks. In the Smokey archipelago, the Benedict Fault transects Paleohelikian plutonic rocks of the Benedict Mountains Intrusive Suite (BMIS). Various members of the BMIS locally contain a north- to northeast-trending pre-Grenvillian planar fabric known as the Makkovik trend. Makkovik trend fabrics are defined by amphibolite-facies mineral assemblages, and their presence characterizes the BMIS as a pre-Grenvillian lithostructural domain, one of three identified in the area. The age of the Makkovik trend is constrained by Rb-Sr (whole rock) dates determined for granulite-facies gneisses (≥ ca. 1.9Ga) intruded by the BMIS, and by a 1676 ± 77Ma age determined for ferrodiorite-ferrosyenite which intrudes the BMIS. -- The White Bear Islands Granulite Complex (WBIGC), a second lithostructural domain, comprises high-grade ortho- and paragneisses, which show evidence of a period of passive retrogression to amphibolite-facies predating the development of Grenvillian fabrics. Relatively high PT-estimates of 830-860 ± 75ﾟC and 7-8 ± 1Kbar were determined for the granulite-facies event using the two-pyroxene geothermometer and the Al content of orthopyroxene coexisting with garnet. Relatively low PT-estimates of ca. 685ﾟC and 4.6Kbar were derived using various calibrations of the garnet-orthopyroxene (-plagioclase-quartz) geothermobarometer. -- Conditions of pre-Grenvillian retrogression of the WBIGC are estimated at 650 ± 50ﾟC and ca. 5.5 ± 1.5Kbar (garnet-cordierite geothermobarometry) assuming P(H2O) ~ 0.4P(total). The garnet-biotite and two-feldspar geothermometers give variable results which are interpreted to record points on the cooling curve of the WBIGC. -- The third lithostructural domain, known as the Bluff Head orthogneiss, consists predominantly of amphibolite-facies granodioritic gneisses typical of the northern Groswater Bay Terrane. Age relations of these gneisses with the BMIS and the WBIGC are uncertain. Both gneissic domains, however, locally contain pre-migmatitic metabasites bearing clinopyroxenes of similar composition, suggesting equilibration under broadly similar metamorphic conditions. The WBIGC and the Bluff Head orthogneiss are thus inferred to have shared a common, early tectono-metamorphic history prior to the emplacement of the BMIS. Pre-Grenvillian retrogression of the WBIGC is most pronounced in the western portion of the study area, and may be transitional into the amphibolite-facies assemblages near Bluff Head. Alternatively, the Bluff Head orthogneiss may record the effects of significant recrystallization during the Grenvillian orogeny; garnet-biotite and two-feldspar temperature estimates for the gneisses are consistent with conditions determined for Grenvillian metamorphism in the area. -- A zonal distribution of structural and metamorphic features attributed to the Grenvillian orogeny is apparent from north to south across the Smokey archipelago. Three east-west trending Grenvillian structural domains, separated by major Grenvillian high-strain zones, have been recognized on the basis of contrasting fabric development and metamorphic grade. North of the Benedict Fault, Makkovik trend fabrics are locally retrograded to greenschist-facies assemblages. Greenschist- to lower amphibolite-facies assemblages characterize south-dipping Grenvillian fabrics in a ~3km wide transitional domain to the south of the Benedict Fault. The Cut Throat Island Fault (CTIF), a south-dipping zone of mylonites, defines the southern extent of the transitional domain. Garnetiferous assemblages of the epidote amphibolite- to lower amphibolite-facies characterize Grenvillian fabrics south of the CTIF. Grenvillian L-S fabrics are most extensively developed in this domain and formed during the second of three phases of folding attributed to the Grenvillian orogeny. Temperatures of Grenvillian metamorphism south of the CTIF are best estimated by low Mn-Ca garnet-bearing mineral assemblages at ca. 550 ± 30ﾟC (garnet-biotite, garnet-amphibole thermometery). Mineral assemblages suitable for pressure determinations are lacking; however the composition of amphiboles together with the presence of garnet in domain G indicate a southerly increase in lithostatic pressure in the map area. -- The Grenville Front zone on the Labrador coast is thus characterized by a southward-increasing Grenvillian metamorphic gradient which has been telescoped across major thrust (or high angle reverse) faults, and by the heterogeneous development of L-S fabrics which overprint pre-Grenvillian structural and metamorphic features. Similar features characterize the Grenville Front zone elsewhere in Labrador, and are consistent with the characterization of this portion of the Grenville Province as a region of significant crustal thickening about 1Ga ago.


identifier: Martineau, Yvon Arthur <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Martineau=3AYvon_Arthur=3A=3A.html>   (1980) The relationships among rock groups between the Grand Lake Thrust and Cabot Fault, west Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The area between the Grand Lake Thrust and the Cabot Fault is underlain by metamorphic rocks that separate the most easterly exposures of the west Newfoundland carbonate terrane from the most westerly exposures of ophiolitic and volcanic rocks of central Newfoundland. The major rock types present are; felsic gneisses in the west, anorthositic rocks in the southwest, semipelitic to psammitic schists in the east, and granitic intrusions within the gneisses. Mafic dykes intrude the gneisses, but are unknown within the schists. Finally, west of the Grand Lake Thrust but included within the map area, are limestones and phyllites of the west Newfoundland carbonate terrane. -- The limestones and phyllites occur in the western part of the map area, west of the Grand Lake Thrust. They are deformed, and vary from unmetamorphosed to mildly metamorphosed( chlorite zone of the greenschist facies). -- The felsic gneisses locally contain granulite facies mineral assemblages, but are everywhere affected by later retrograde metamorphism that increases in intensity from greenschist to amphibolite facies, from west to east. The mafic dykes intruding the gneisses exhibit the same effects of later metamorphism. The metamorphic change is accompanied by increasing intensity of deformation from west to east across the area. -- The semipelitic to psammitic schists are confined to the eastern part of the area, where they exhibit upper greenschist to amphibolite facies mineral assemblages. These rocks are polydeformed and faulted against the gneisses to the west. -- The granitic intrusions occur within the gneisses only. They contain no evidence of the early granulite facies metamorphic event present in the host gneisses, and are for the most part massive. -- The gneissic rocks are interpreted as Grenvillian inliers (basement), and are correlated with similar rocks of the Grenvillian Indian Head Complex,nearby to the west. The limestones, phyllites, and polydeformed schists are interpreted as a cover sequence affected by Paleozoic deformation, which also involved the basement gneisses and mafic dykes. The granitic bodies are interpreted as later intrusions, possibly related to Taconic or Acadian orogenesis. The stratigraphic and orogenic development of the area can be related to the formation of the Late Precambrian continental margin of eastern North America, and its Paleozoic destruction.


identifier: Ahmed, Farazi Kamaluddin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ahmed=3AFarazi_Kamaluddin=3A=3A.html>   (1983) The processing and interpretation of Deer Lake seismic data.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Seismic data were collected along a 1.5km long section near Squires Pond Park. These data along with Shell data for the area provided refraction and reflection information on subsurface structure of the area. -- Computer programmes were developed and implemented to process the refraction and reflection data and the data were interpreted in terms of geologic structure. An ideal synthetic seismogram was constructed and compared with the stacked section, and a good correlation was obtained. -- Two shallow reflectors and refractors at average depths about 75m and 175m were detected. The seismic interpretation agrees with the local geology and with the available gravity and magnetics interpretation.


identifier: Quinn, Louise Anne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Quinn=3ALouise_Anne=3A=3A.html>   (1985) The Humber Arm allochthon at South Arm, Bonne Bay, with extensions in the Lomond area, west Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Lomond area displays all the main tectonic elements present in west Newfoundland, from Grenvillian basement, through autochthonous rocks to sedimentary and ophiolitic slices of the Humber Arm Allochthon. -- Autochthonous rocks adjacent to the Humber Arm Allochthon include limestones of the Table Head Group which are overlain by chromite-bearing flysch of the Sandbar formation. This passes westward into the north-south trending Gadds Point melange, which marks the base of the allochthon. The melange is discordant with allochthonous sedimentary units. -- Rocks of the lower structural slices of the Humber Arm Allochthon are assigned to the Bonne Bay group which includes four formations. From east to west they are the Mitchells (quartzites), Barters (shales and quartzites), McKenzies (shales and limestones, siltstones), and Sellars (greywackes) formations. These are correlatives, respectively, of the Summerside, Irishtown, Cooks Brook/Middle Arm point, and Blow me Down Brook Formations of the Curling Group at Humber Arm. The rocks are unfossiliferous and highly deformed, but relative stratigraphic relationships among the Mitchells, Barters and McKenzies formations appear similar to those between their lithic equivalents in the Curling Group. The Sellars formation is structurally isolated at a higher level than other allochthonous sediments. Petrographic data for the Sellars formation suggest that it has been derived from a cratonic source. This is in contradiction to the interpretation of the equivalent Blow me Down Brook Formation as an transgressive flysch derived in Ordovician times from an allochthon to the east. It is here suggested that the Sellars/Blow me Down Brook sandstones are more closely compared with older (Precambrian or Cambrian) rift related sandstones and now occur at an anomalously high structural level within the allochthon. -- The Bonne Bay group is overridden by mafic volcanic rocks of the Crouchers formation. Relationships between this unit and other allochthonous volcanic rocks are poorly understood. Higher slices are represented by igneous rocks of the Little Port and Bay of islands Complexes in the west of the area. The Little Port Complex consists of polydeformed and metamorphosed ophiolitic and volcanic rocks. It is adjacent to the Bay of Islands Complex which contains ultramafic and gabbroic segments of a classic ophiolite suite complete with a polydeformed metamorphic sole.


identifier: Relf, Carolyn Diane <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Relf=3ACarolyn_Diane=3A=3A.html>   (1988) The alteration history of a series of shear zones, Mirage Islands, Yellowknife Bay, N.W.T.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Mirage Islands are part of a north-facing Archean supracrustal sequence which is dominated by felsic to intermediate volcaniclastic rocks interlayered with mafic flows, and cut by gabbroic dykes and sills. The western-most islands are intruded by granitoid veins, inferred to have been derived from an unexposed pluton centered south of the West Mirage Islands. -- Two metamorphic events have been recognized in the area. The first involved amphibolite facies metamorphism (M1), interpreted to have been caused by the intrusion of the inferred pluton. Temperatures approached 600°C and pressures were between approximately 2 and 5 kbar. The second metamorphic event (M2) entailed regional greenschist facies metamorphism, with temperatures near 450 to 500°C and pressures of about 2 to 4 kbar. M2 may have overlapped in time with M1, but it has overprinted (and therefore outlasted) M1 assemblages on the Mirage Islands. -- A series of steeply dipping east-west striking shear zones cut the rocks on the Mirage Islands, and are well exposed in metabasic rocks. Equilibration temperatures in the shear zones were calculated from the fractionation of 18₀ between quartz and chlorite. They have a bimodal distribution which corresponds to the temperatures determined for M1 and M2, and thus it is interpreted that the shear zones formed during M1 and that some of them have subsequently re-equilibrated during M2. -- The source of the hydrothermal fluids cannot be established unequivocally from isotope data, but it is suggested that the fluids which are present in the shear zones during M1 were of igneous origin, and that metamorphic and meteoric fluids moved through the shear zones as the temperature decreased. -- Quartz veins in the shear zones are host to fluid inclusions with a range of compositions and homogenization temperatures. High salinities determined by fluid inclusion analyses support the interpretation that the hydrothermal fluid was in part meteoric. No primary inclusions were identified, however a few inclusions had sufficiently high homogenization temperatures that an estimate of their maximum trapping pressure could be made using formation temperatures calculated from isotope data. These pressure estimates are all less than 0.75 kbar. -- Alteration in the shear zones has resulted in the formation of new mineral assemblages and changes in the bulk chemistry of the sheared rocks. The oxidation states of iron in sheared samples suggest that the hydrothermal fluids were ascending, reducing fluids. In general, the changes in bulk composition of the sheared rocks may be predicted from alteration reactions between sheared and unsheared mineral assemblages. Estimates of minimum fluid:rock volume ratios are on the order of 10:1, but may be as high as 100:1 or more locally. It is possible semiquantitatively to monitor the alteration progress in the shear zones, and it was found that the enrichment of depletion of some elements varies systematically with the extent of alteration. -- The shear zones are interpreted to have formed during the intrusion of the pluton south of the Mirage Islands. Alteration, which began in the presence of igneous fluids, continued variable into the regional greenschist facies event which followed plutonism. The calculated variations in equilibrium temperature, isotopic composition, bulk chemistry and fluid:rock ratio are attributed to a variable time of closure of each shear zone.


identifier: Woodworth-Lynas, C. M. T. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Woodworth-Lynas=3AC=2E_M=2E_T=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) The geology and structure of the Hare Bay Allochton at Quirpon Island, northern Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The rocks on Quirpon Island represent a well exposed cross section through the lower transported slices of the Hare Bay Allochthon and the uppermost parts of the autochthon. This thesis examines in detail the structural geometry of a part of the Hare Bay Allochthon. Its purpose is to analyze in detail the deformational and metamorphic histories of the individual thrust slices and of the uppermost autochthon in order to correlate these histories as far as possible. Detailed field work reveals a reversed metamorphic gradient. Also, structural complexity and the numbers of generations of structures increases in higher slices. The highest slice at Quirpon, the retrogressed, mylonitic, actinolite greenschists of the Goose Cove Schist, rests above the sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Maiden Point Formation to which heat was transferred from the cooling greenschists causing pervasive lower greenschist facies metamorphism. Much of the underlying middle Ordovician Goose Tickle Formation flysch, previously believed to be entirely autochthonous throughout the Hare Bay area, occurs as discrete, detached slivers within the Maiden Point Formation. Large scale, isoclinal, precleavage folds have been identified in both of these formations and are syn-emplacement in age. A well defined magnetic anomaly immediately east of Quirpon Island may
indicate the presence of an outlier of ophiolite of the White Hills Peridotite, the highest structural slice in the Hare Bay Allochthon.


identifier: Peng, Zhengrong <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Peng=3AZhengrong=3A=3A.html>   (1995) The Slichter modes in a realistic Earth model.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The density contrast across the inner core boundary is a critical parameter for evahiating the gravitational energy released from the segregation of the core material upon its cooling and solidification, a process which is one of the main contenders for the source of power of the geodynamo action in the Earth's fluid core. However, the density jump at the inner core boundary has so far not been well determined by conventional short-period seismology, [t is known that the eigenperiods of the (not yet detected) Slichter modes critically depend on this density difference. The Slichter modes are the triplet of degree 1 long-period free oscillations of the Earth which involve translational vibration of the solid inner core in the surrounding liquid outer core. In this thesis, the eigenperiods of the Slichter modes for a realistic Earth model are computed by a variational principle based on the subseismic approximation and by a Galerkin method based on the two potential description of core dynamics. In this study, I have taken into account: (1) elastic deformation of the mantle and inner core, connected to liquid core dynamics via frequency-dependent Internal load Love numbers; (2) retention of the self coupling of the displacement field in the solid parts of the Earth, and the Coriolus coupling up to degree 7 in the liquid core so as to ensure convergence; (3) elliptical stratification of the inner and outer cores (but not the mantle); (4) effects of a mushy inner core boundary. The research is a more comprehensive study of the Slichter oscillation than any previously undertaken, and is aimed to provide theoretical references for helping to determine the density contrast across the inner core boundary.


identifier: Langdon, George S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Langdon=3AGeorge_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) The petrology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the upper pillow lavas, Troodos Ophiolite Complex, Cyprus.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Upper Pillow Lavas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex, Cyprus, were formed in a back-arc basin environment by a second-stage partial melting event, which produced magmas depleted in large ion lithophile elements and enriched in magnesium. Renewed, second-stage melting to produce these magmas was facilitated by dehydration of subducted oceanic lithosphere as the spreading axis along which they were extruded moved away from a subduction zone. These parental magmas migrated upward to accumulate in shallow magma chambers and ultimately were extruded off-axis at the Upper Pillow Lava Series. -- The Upper Pillow Lavas exhibit genetic ties with the underlying, Lower Pillow Lavas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex insofar as the latter represent- the 'normal' first-stage partial melting (21-23%) of 'fertile' upper mantle, erupted at a back-arc basin spreading centre above a subduction zone. The Upper Pillow Lavas, however, are considered distinct in character from the Lower Pillow Lavas, based on compositional and metamorphic criteria. The-petrographic and field classification of Smewing (1975) has been slightly modified, and the Upper Pillow Lavas are divided into four types: ultrabasic rocks, basaltic komatiites, olivine basalts and aphyric basalts. Major element extraction calculations and trace element modelling have shown that the magma parental to the Upper Pillow Lavas series could have been produced ~5% partial melting of a depleted source peridotite, and that the less primitive rocks of the Upper Pillow lavas (olivine and aphyric basalts) could have been derived by the fractional crystallization of 24-32% olivine from this parental magma; the ultramafic lavas represent accumulation of this olivine. This concept of olivine extraction was tested by comparing the calculated composition of olivines which would crystalize from the parental liquid, and the actual composition of the cumulus olivines. -- Projections into the basalt tetrahedron and C-M-A-S systems confirm that early-crystallizing olivine was followed down-temperature by orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in the komatiites, and that quenching of the groundmass glass occurred before plagioclase became a liquidus phase.


identifier: O'Brien, Felicity H. C. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/O=27Brien=3AFelicity_H=2E_C=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1973) The stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Clam Bank Formation, and the upper part of the Long Point Formation of the Port au Port Peninsula, on the west coast of Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is a study of the palaeontology of the Long Point and Clam Bank Formations exposed between Misty Cove and Salmon Cove on the west coast of the Port au Port Peninsula of Western Newfoundland. -- The red-beds which outcrop along the coast north of Lourdes Cove have previously been thought to be part of the red sandstones and conglomerates of the Clam Bank Formation. A detailed study of the rocks in thin section and of the palaeontology of these beds and those immediately below them, showed that these beds are conformable with, and of similar age to, the Long Point Formation. They have, therefore, been named the Lourdes Member of the Long Point Formation. -- The fauna of the upper part of the Misty Cove Member and the Lourdes Member of the Long Point Formation, and the fauna of the total exposed Clam Bank Formation is described. The age of the upper part of the Long Point Formation deduced from the fauna, is thought to be at the boundary between the Middle and Upper Ordovician, and that of the Clam Bank Formation to be Pridolian in age.


identifier: Ranger, Michael Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ranger=3AMichael_Joseph=3A=3A.html>   (1978) The stratigraphy and depositional environment of the Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana Groups, Conception Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The stratigraphy of the Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana Groups was studied in order to determine their depositional environments. A proposed depositional model was then used to study the environment of formation of the Wabana ironstones. -- Accessible stratigraphic sections were measured in detail and the data compared to documented examples of modern and ancient environments of a generally similar nature. -- On the basis of this study a modified geological subdivision is proposed. The division of the succession into two groups is retained and their subdivision into nine formations is suggested. -- It appears that sedimentation in the Bell Island and Wabana Groups was controlled by tidal processes. Two major environments are represented in the strata: interbedded sandstones, siltstones and shales interpreted to be a tidal flat complex, and massive sandstones interpreted to be an offshore barrier or tidal bar. Three subenvironments of the tidal flat complex were recognized: the subtidal, intertidal and supratidal. -- Coarsening- and shoaling-upwards sequences at two locations may be prograding delta cycles, suggesting that the over all environmental control may have been that of a high-destructive, tide-dominated delta system. Paleocurrent directions support these interpretations. -- Provenance studies indicate that the source terrain was Precambrian volcanic, plutonic and probably sedimentary rocks that are exposed nearby on the Avalon Peninsula. Detrital garnet, muscovite and metamorphic rock fragments may have been derived from a presently unexposed crystalline basement. -- The chamosite oolites apparently formed as primary precipitates in shallow lagoons and accumulated on tidal bars and tidal flats where they were oxidized, possibly to goethite, forming hematite on diagenesis. The periodic occurrence of ironstones in the strata may be the result of migrating delta distributaries. -- A general correlation of the Wabana iron ores with similar Lower Ordovician deposits of Nova Scotia, North Africa and Europe is known. The sedimentology of the host rocks, where studied, appears to be strikingly similar to that of the Bell Island and Wabana Groups.


identifier: Calcutt, Michael <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Calcutt=3AMichael=3A=3A.html>   (1974) The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Cinq Isles formation, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The Cinq Isles Formation consists of up to 1500 feet of limestones, sandstones, shales and conglomerates, well exposed around the shores of Fortune Bay, southern Newfoundland. -- The succession unconformably overlies the Simmons Brook batholith towards the southeast and Cambrian shales toward the southwest.   The Formation is overlain disconformably by thick red conglomerates, of  the  Pools Cove Formation in the northeast and it is overlain disconformably by lithologically similar thick red conglomerates that were mapped previously as the Great Bay de l'Eau Formation toward the southwest. West of Salmon River the Pools Cove Formation oversteps the Cinq Isles Formation to lie directly on the Simmons Brook granite. -- The Cinq Isles Formation consists of thinly bedded unfossiliferous limestone, red and grey shales, sandstones and pebble beds. There is every gradation from laminae to discrete blebs of limestone within shale. Pebble beds, many with a carbonate groundmass, become dominant in the upper part J of the sequence. Within the succession, lateral and vertical variations are common. Gneissic clasts from the metamorphic Bay d'Espoir belt and granite clasts are abundant in many of the pebble beds and in the coarse conglomerates overlying the Cinq Isles Formation. Current direction features in sandstone and pebble beds indicate incoming currents from the north and northeast. The coarseness' of the clasts suggests a nearby source area. The nature of the gneissic clasts and their provenance implies Precambrian crystalline basement within the Avalon Zone toward the northeast.
-- The age of the Cinq Isles Formation is uncertain, however, it is regarded as being Upper Silurian or Devonian because of its close stratigraphic relationship to the possibly Devonian Pools Cove Formation and the fossiliferous Devonian Great Bay de I'Eau Formation. The Pools Cove Formation is assigned to the Devonian because it contains granite boulders lithologically similar to Devonian granites in central Newfoundland and it is cut by the -Devonian Ackley batholith. -- Terrestrial conditions were prevalent during Middle-Late Silurian and Devonian times throughout much of Newfoundland. The lithologies of the Cinq Isles Formation suggest a near shore carbonate environment bordering an alluvial fan chain. Periodic flooding and entrenchment of the fan surfaces brought coarse material into the carbonate basin from the north and northeast. Subsequent encroachment of the alluvial fan across the near shore carbonate environment gave rise to the coarse upper deposits of the Cinq Isles Formation and the overlying Pools Cove conglomerates.


identifier: Hsu, Eugene Ying-Chih <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hsu=3AEugene_Ying-Chih=3A=3A.html>   (1972) The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the late Precambrian St. John's and Gibbett Hill formations and the upper part of the Conception Group in the Torbay map-area, Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In the Torbay map-area, the St. John’s and Gibbett Hill Formations of the Cabot Group and the upper part of the Conception Group form a continuous and-conformable sequence of Late Hadrynian sedimentary rocks. The upper part of the Conception Group consists of green-gray and variegated graywacke, siltstone, argillite, and volcanic tuff. The St. John’s Formation consists of six lithofacies and is divisible into two members; namely, in ascending order, Middle Cove and Outer Cove Members. The Middle Cove Member is represented by the laminated black shale and the Outer Cove Member by interbedded sandstone (or siltstone) and black shale with locally developed volcanic tuff. The Gibbett Hill Formation, overlying the St. John’s Formation, consists of green-gray arkosic sandstone, siltstone, argillite and volcanic tuffs. This formation is an equivalent of the lower member of the original Signal Hill Formation redefined in this thesis. The names "Battery Member" and "Cuckold Member" are proposed for the middle and upper members of the original Signal Hill Formation. -- The presence of volcanic tuffs in these units indicates intermittent volcanic activity during late Precambrian time. Tentative correlation of the tuff beds in the Torbay map-area suggests a diachronous relationship of the boundary between the Gibbett Hill and Signal Hill Formations. -- Aspidella terranovica Billings 1872 and associated surface markings in the Outer Cove Member of the St. John's Formation are considered to be inorganic sedimentary structures such as load casts and gas- or water-escape structure. -- A model of the depositional environments of part of the Cabot Group and the upper part of the Conception Group is proposed. The upper part of the Conception Group was formed as turbidites in deep marine environment. The Middle Cove Member of the St. John's Formation was deposited in a prodelta and the Outer Cove Member in distal delta front. The Gibbett Hill Formation, transitional to subaerial deposition, was formed in a proximal delta front. -- The source area for these units probably lies to the north of the Torbay map-area.


identifier: Sayeed, Usman Ahmed <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sayeed=3AUsman_Ahmed=3A=3A.html>   (1970) The Tectonic setting of the Colchester plutons, Southwest Arm, Green Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The area is underlain by Early Ordovician volcanic rocks and plutons of intermediate intrusive rocks and small bodies of serpentinised ultramafic rocks. These are unconformably overlain by red beds of the Silurian Springdale Group. -- The Lush's Bight Group consists of basic variolitic pillow lavas with minor interbeds of sedimentary and pyroclastic rocks. Dikes and sills of diabase, quartz porphyry and lamprophyre cut the volcanic rocks. The Group has been divided into two broad lithological assemblages, the Jackson's Cove Unit and the Birchy Cove Unit, on the basis of colour, size, shape and orientation of pillows, presence or absence of varioles, degrees of deformation and alteration, petrological and chemical characters. The relative ages of these two units are uncertain. -- Two epi-zonal plutons intrude the Lush's Bight volcanic rocks near Colchester Pond and Manful Point. The Colchester Pluton is a zoned pluton which from margin to core varies in composition from meladorite through quartz diorite to potash deficient granophyric granodiorite. Granophyric texture of the central zone is interpreted as due to simultaneous crystallisation of quartz and felspar, after emplacement of the pluton. The compositional zoning is also interpreted as a post-emplacement event. -- The Cooper's Cove Pluton, north of Manful Point, consists of a dioritic marginal zone and a quartz monzonite central zone. Contacts are sharp and the quartz monzonite intrudes the diorite. The pluton originated by successive intrusions. -- The compositional resemblances of all the plutonic rocks in the area to the Lush's Bight basalts suggest a possible genetic relationship. The concept of an Island Arc and/or ocean floor environment seems to constitute the most likely milieu in which to produce these thick Ordovician pillow lava sequences and the various plutons and associated ultramafic pods. -- Rocks of this area have undergone two main phases of deformation, D₁ and D₂. The first resulted in tight F₁ folds with axes striking nearly due east; the second deformation, D₂, produced large scale F₂ open flexures with axes striking from north northeast to northeast. A third minor deformation, D₃, produced only kink bands which are best seen in the sheared meta-basalts. -- The sulphide mineralisation occurring in the area is interpreted as structurally controlled and epigenetic.


identifier: Comeau, Reg L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Comeau=3AReg_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1972) Transported slices of the coastal complex, Bay of Islands - Western Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The thesis area, the southern portion of the Coastal Ranges, is underlain by six igneous structural slices. They have been defined as the Coastal Complex. They tectonically overlie an undifferentiated series of transported sedimentary rocks forming part of the Humber Arm Group. All igneous structural slices of the Coastal Complex, except one, are separated from the underlying sediments and each other by melange zones of varying thicknesses and lithologies. The rock types and geological relationships can be correlated between structural slices. -- Foliated amphibolitic gabbros are intruded by soda-rich granodiorites and quartz diorites. These are affected by a second tectonic foliation and are intruded and bordered by tectonically undeformed diabase dykes and dyke breccias, which are presumed to be the feeders for nearby' similarly undeformed extrusive volcanics. -- Contacts between deformed and undeformed rocks are always high angle. Zones of diabase dyke breccias and/or fluidized host rock invariably occur at contact areas and mar original relationships. The fresher volcanics and their associated feeder dykes are similar to and equated with volcanics and sheeted dykes and dyke breccias underlying part of the nearby ophiolitic complexes to the east.  -- The recognition that the Coastal Complex is geologically different and separate from the ophiolite complexes to the east requires a new interpretation for the Bay of Islands area. -- The definition of the Coastal Complex to include the foliated gabbros, granodiorites and associated fresh volcanics, along with the redefinition of the Bay of Islands Complex to include only the four large igneous massifs has rendered it possible to regard the Bay of Islands Complex (newly defined) as representing oceanic lithosphere (ophiolites). -- The Coastal Complex is interpreted as "captured" older crustal material incorporated within or above an evolving oceanic ophiolite domain during late Pre-Cambrian or early Paleozoic times.


identifier: Hussey, Eric Maurice <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hussey=3AEric_Maurice=3A=3A.html>   (1979) The stratigraphy, structure and petrochemistry of the Clode Sound map area, northwestern Avalon Zone, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Clode Sound map area (Lat. 48°15’N, 48°39’N and Long. 54°00’W, 54°13’W) is underlain by portions of three major units of late Precambrian age which dominate the northwestern Avalon Zone. They include sedimentary, volcanic, and intrusive rocks of the Love Cove, Connecting Point, and Musgravetown Groups, and the Georges Pond pluton. These rocks form a number of alternating, north trending fault-bounded belts. -- The Love Cove Group has been informally redefined to include some of the sedimentary and volcanic rocks previously referred to the Musgravetown Group (Widmer, 1949; Jenness, 1963) with which it is conformable. The redefined Love Cove Group is divided into three formations. In ascending stratigraphic order these include: -- 1. White Point Formation - a sequence of deformed dominantly pyroclastic subaqueous (?) to subaerial volcanic rocks ranging from basalt to rhyolite in composition, which are intruded by a comagmatic pluton (Georges Pond pluton). -- 2. Thorburn Lake formation - a sequence of variably deformed siltstones, greywackes and related volcanic rocks up to 1300 meters thick which overlie, and are partially equivalent to, the White Point Formation. -- 3. Southwest River Formation (Musgravetown Group of Jenness, 1963) - a subaerial basalt - rhyolite volcanic assemblage and an associated sequence of alluvial-fluviatile sedimentary rocks 1280 meters thick. -- The Connecting Point Group, only locally examined, includes thin bedded marine siltstone and slate. It may be equivalent to portions of the Love Cove Group. The Musgravetown Group, in its type area, unconformably overlies the connecting point Group. It includes in ascending order: 1. The Cannings Cove Formation (530 meters) - locally derived fanglomerates, sandstones and basalt flows. 2. Clode Sound Formation (Bull Arm Formation of Jenness, 1963) (800-2300 meters): subaerial basalt/pantellerite volcanic sequence, and 3. Charlottetown Formation: fluviatile red beds. -- The Georges Pond pluton is genetically related to the White Point Formation; both appear to have a continental calcalkaline geochemistry. Volcanic rocks of the Southwest River Formation appear mildly alkaline. They may be equivalent to the Clode Sound Formation which includes peralkaline alilicic volcanic rocks and alkali basalts. -- The major structure of the Love Cove Group trends north and is dominated by isoclinal folding with steeply dipping axial surfaces, with development of a penetrative foliation, in the lower portions of the section. In the west, the rocks are overturned to the east and tightly folded. The upper portions of the section show more open folding with only poor fabric development. Two major faults in the area have juxtaposed contrasting structural levels or domains. The principal deformation (F₁) of the Love Cove Group was Palaeozoic, probably Acadian, in age. It is not clear how structures in the Connecting Point Group relate to those in the Love Cove Group. -- Metamorphic grades in the field area vary from greenschist in the lower portions of the section, to prehnite pumpellyite facies at higher stratigraphic levels. -- The lithostratigraphic units in the map area are similar in both petrography and chemistry to, and can be correlated with equivalent units in other parts of the western Avalon Zone.


identifier: Dean, Paul L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dean=3APaul_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1978) The volcanic stratigraphy and metallogeny of Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The geology of Notre Dame Bay can be considered to be essentially an Ordovician-Silurian volcanic island arc complex built upon Cambro- Ordovician oceanic crust and intruded by a variety of igneous rocks ranging in age from Ordovician to Jurassic. The stratigraphic evolution of this island arc complex may be divided into two distinct phases: (1) an Early to Middle Ordovician (pre-Caradocian) phase of extensive submarine volcanism recognizable throughout all of Notre Dame Bay, and (2) a Late Ordovician-Early Silurian (post-Caradocian) phase characterized by contrasting volcanic styles in three different belts. The two phases are separated in the southeastern portion of Notre Dame Bay by an extensive Caradocian argillite and overlying flysch sediments. In the northwestern portion, the post-Caradocian volcanic sequences rest uncomformably either on the Cambro-Ordovician oceanic crust or on the pre-Caradocian volcanic sequences. Intrusive igneous activity accompanied the separate phases of oceanic crust and island arc evolution but was most intense in the Late Devonian during the latest stages of the Acadian Orogeny. The greatest percentage of insular Newfoundland's mineral wealth has come from the base metal sulphide deposits of Central Newfoundland, particularly from the copper deposits of Notre Dame Bay. Most of these base metal sulphide deposits are volcanogenic and stratabound and as such are integral elements of the stratigraphic sequence in which they occur. The Cambro-Ordovician ophiolitic rocks contain Cu-Zn massive sulphide deposits in mafic tholeiitic volcanic rocks. Mineral deposits of the pre-Caradocian island arc volcanic sequences are typically Cu-Zn (+ Au) massive sulphide deposits associated with felsic volcanism. Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in the Post-Caradocian volcanic rocks occur only in one belt, the .Roberts Arm Belt of dominantly subaqueous volcanics. These are generally more polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au-Ba).and are associated with areas of felsic volcanics in the upper part of the volcanic sequence. Several small vein-type deposits are associated with high level phases of igneous intrusions.


identifier: Kennard, John Michael <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kennard=3AJohn_Michael=3A=3A.html>   (1989) Structure and origin of Cambro-Ordovician thrombolites, western Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
An integrated scheme to systematically analyse the structure and interpret the origin of thrombolites is proposed on the basis of detailed field and petrographic analysis of Cambro-Ordovician thrombolites in western Newfoundland. This scheme utilizes a three-tiered analysis of microbial buildups: 1) megastructure, the overall bed form, 2) mesostructure, the internal fabric, and 3) microstructure, the microscopic fabric. This scheme has proved equally applicable to Cambro-Ordovician thrombolites, stromatolites, Epiphyton-Renalcis-Girvanella "microfossil" boundstones, and mixed microbial-metazoan buildups in western Newfoundland, elsewhere in North America and central Australia, and highlights differences between these types of buildups. -- Megastructure records the growth relationship between a buildup and its enclosing strata, is independent of mesostructure and microstructure, and reflects the sum of environmental factors acting on the buildup. Mesostructure records the spatial relationship between framework and inter-framework components, is governed by the shape and lateral continuity of the formative microbial community, and reflects a balance between biological and environmental factors. Microstructure is directly controlled by biological factors, and commonly yields clear evidence of specific sediment-forming processes (biologically influenced calcification,
trapping and binding of detritus), and the gross morphologic composition (coccoid or filamentous) of the formative microbial community. -- Microstructural analysis indicates that Cambro-Ordovician thrombolites were most commonly constructed by relatively complex coccoid or coccoid-dominated microbial communities, and that the dominant process involved in their formation was in situ calcification of the microbial community. This calcified community formed a rigid framework between which autochthonous and allochthonous sediment accumulated. In contrast, co-occurring stromatolites were most commonly constructed by internally well differentiated filamentous or filament-dominated communities, and the dominant process involved in their formation was mechanical trapping and binding of detritus, either alone or in combination with in situ calcification of the microbial community. Thrombolites are commonly associated with a diverse and abundant metazoan fauna, whereas metazoans are rarely associated with stromatolites. -- Zoned microbial buildups result from ecologic successions of microbial communities, and provide diagnostic evidence of shoaling versus deepening sedimentation; thrombolite or "microfossil" boundstone passing up into stromatolite indicates shoaling (regressive) conditions, and the reverse zonation indicates deepening (transgressive) conditions. -- A broad zonation of microbial buildups is evident across Cambro-Ordovician platforms: stromatolites within
intracratonic and inner-platform peritidal environments, thrombolites within intracratonic and platform-interior subtidal environments, and calcified "microfossil" boundstones which are largely restricted to platform margins. -- Critical evaluation of the temporal and spatial distribution of thrombolites indicates that they are essentially an Early Cambrian to Early Ordovician "Sauk Sequence" phenomenon, and were restricted to warm sub-equatorial climates. Their appearance can be attributed to the initial calcification of cyanobacteria at the onset of a world-wide marine transgression in latest Proterozoic-earliest Cambrian time, an event that was probably triggered by environmental rather than evolutionary changes. Their abrupt decline in Early Ordovician time, and continued limited occurrence today, probably resulted from niche competition by newly evolved skeletal metazoans, calcareous algae and non-calcareous algae, and increased predation by molluscs.


identifier: O'Brien, S. J. (Sean James) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/O=27Brien=3AS=2E_J=2E_=28Sean_James=29=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Volcanic stratigraphy, petrology and geochemistry of the Marystown Group; Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Marystown Group forms the southern extent of the Late Precambrian volcanic field which underlies much of the western Avalon Zone of Newfoundland. The Marystown Group is faulted against older submarine volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Burin and Rock Harbour Groups and is disconformably overlain by Eocambrian to Cambrian strata of the Fortune Group. -- The Marystown Group has been divided into seven separate stratigraphic units. In ascending stratigraphic order, these include: (1) Taylor's Bay Formation, (2) Garnish Formation, (3) Calmer Formation, (4, 5 and 6) Barasway Complex and the Hare Hills and Mount Saint Anne Formations (which are interpreted as being correlative), (7) Grand Beach Complex. The evolution of the Marystown Group includes three main volcanologically, petrologically and geochemically separate intervals. The earliest period of volcanism, represented by the Taylor's Bay Formation, produced a sequence of subaqueous and subaerial, basaltic to rhyolitic volcanic rocks of calc-alkaline to mild tholeiitic affinities. The Garnish and Calmer Formations together mark the onset of subaerial sedimentation and extrusion of extensive flood basalt fields of alkaline affinity. A period of felsic, subaerial volcanism represented by the Mount Saint Anne and Hare Hills Formations and the Barasway Complex marks the latest stage of evolution of the Marystown Group. The Grand Beach Complex is stratigraphically similar to the late felsic units of the rest of the Marystown Group but displays unique chemical features. -- The main structural features of the Marystown Group are interpreted to be the result of an orogenic event which post-dates the deposition of Cambrian rocks and pre-dates the intrusion of the lower Carboniferous St. Lawrence Granite. Recent geochronological results suggest that the main deformation is the result of the Acadian Orogeny. Late stage regional flexuring and related north-south and northwest-southeast faulting may represent the latest effects of the Acadian Orogeny or possibly the onset of the Variscan (or Hercynian) orogenic episode. -- The internal stratigraphy of the Marystown Group coincides with late Precambrian volcanic sequences elsewhere in the western Avalon Zone of Newfoundland. Petrological and geochemical variations within the Marystown Group are similar to those documented in the Love Cove Group of the northwestern Avalon Zone. The tectonic significance of these variations is unclear. Similar geochemical trends have been documented in the Cenozoic evolution of the southwestern U.S.A.


identifier: North, Jon W. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/North=3AJon_W=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1988) The stratigraphy, structure, geochemistry, and metallogeny of the Moran Lake Group, Central Mineral Belt, Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The lower Proterozoic (Aphebian) Moran Lake Group was deposited in a marine shelf environment unconformably on granitoid rocks of the Archean Nain province. The Moran Lake Group is unconformably overlain by the continental (Helikian) Bruce River Group. The Moran Lake Group consists of two provisional formations viz.; the Warren Creek Formation which has been informally subdivided here, into a Lower Member composed of siltstone, sandstone, and shale, with occassional red beds and calcareous beds, and an Upper Member consisting of pyritic black shale, and siltstone, with minor vesicular basalt, arkose, and banded ironstone; and the Joe Pond Formation consisting of pillowed and massive basalt. The Moran Lake Group underwent polyphase deformation during the Makkovikian-Ketilidian event ca. 1810-1790 Ma, prior to the deposition of the overlying Helikian Bruce River Group which was affected by Grenvillian deformation ca. 1000 Ma. -- The geology and geochemistry of Fe-Zn-Cu-bearing sulphide beds in the Upper Member of the Warren Creek Formation indicate that basinal heat flow was low to moderate during the deposition of the Lower Member of the Warren Creek Formation, and high during the late stages of Upper Member deposition. Circulation of metal chloride-bearing formation brines occurred by slow seepage and upward advective flow along pressure gradients and normal faults in the lower part of the Upper Member. These brines were expelled, depositing pyritic Fe-Zn-Cu-rich sulphide beds in stable, reduced brine pools downslope from their discharge vents. An increase in the geothermal gradient near the end of Upper Member deposition, caused uplift and downward penetration of seawater in shallow ephemeral convection cells which ultimately deposited stratabound Zn-rich, Cu-poor, disseminated sulphide mineralization in a porous host lithology. The change in geothermal gradient and character of sulphide mineralization, reflects the development of a stable magma chamber below the basin, from which the Joe Pond Formation basalts were ultimately derived. The paucity of Pb and Ag and overall low base metal content of both the Fe-Cu-Zn sulphide beds and the Zn-rich, Cu-poor stratabound sulphide mineralization, indicate that the Moran Lake Group has limited to nil potential for economic sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb-Cu (Ag) deposits. The mechanisms by which the mineral occurrences in the Warren Creek Formation were formed however, may represent incipient stages of classic "sedex" mineralization which did not reach maturity.


identifier: Pratt, Brian Richard <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pratt=3ABrian_Richard=3A=3A.html>   (1979) The St. George Group (Lower Ordovician), western Newfoundland: sedimentology, diagenesis, and cryptalgal structures.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Detailed stratigraphic examination was undertaken of the Lower Ordovician Isthmus Bay, Catoche, and Aguathuna Formations, St. George Group, in western Newfoundland, Lithologic descriptions were grouped into seven peritidal lithotopes, with additional descriptions of the effects of erosion and subaerial exposure, such as hardground formation, evaporite precipitation, and karstification. The vertical oscillation of lithotopes generates sequences rather than ideal shallowing upward cycles. These sequences show that the continental shelf in western Newfoundland, in Lower Ordovician time, was a patchwork of low-relief islands and banks whose character differed geographically and changed with time, as the shelf slowly subsided. Slight uplift and subaerial exposure of the shelf occurred at the end of the Lower Ordovician, resulting in irregular erosion. -- Cryptalgal structures of very diverse character are related to environmental and biological parameters that interacted in a complex way. Laminated structures, stromatolites and cryptalgal laminites, formed in inter- and supratidal areas areas characterized by the episodic addition of sediment. Thrombolite mounds were common in the subtidal zone, where sedimentation onto algal mats resulted in unlaminated microstructure. In places, sponges, primitive corals and the 'calcareous' algae Renalcis contributed to their framework. These mounds are ecologic reefs of surprising complexity, supporting a benthic flora and fauna of all major trophic groups occupying most niches. These reefs occur in the transition period from algal-dominated bioherms to metazoan-dominated bioherms of the later Phanerozoic. Cryptalgal microstructures can be separated into a number of recurring types and a classification is proposed that can be amended to include types not recognized in the St. George. 'Calcareous' algae such as Girvanella and Renalcis are interpreted to be diagenetic taxa resulting from the calcification of blue-green algae. -- The calcareous sediments of the St. George underwent diagenetic modification beginning on the sea floor and continuing until the Upper Mississippian. Processes included synsedimentary and burial calcite cementation, neomorphism, silicate authigenesis, silicification, burial and epigenetic dolomitization. Galena and sphalerite mineralization occurred during epigenetic dolomitization and colloform vein formation. The paragenetic sequence seems typical of Lower Paleozoic peritidal shelf and epeiric carbonate sediments.


identifier: Dwyer, Paul <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dwyer=3APaul=3A=3A.html>   (2000) The design, construction and use of the Bay of Islands dory: a study in tradition and culture.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study is an examination of dory building in the Bay of Islands in western Newfoundland using the analytical categories of design, construction, and use. Tradition and culture are separated to show how culture, the time specific part of boat building, operates within tradition, the components of boat building which persist through time. This study explores the significance of dory use and how the information gained by the builder through use may influence change in design, and therefore, construction. -- Most of the material presented came from data collected in interviews with the area's boat builders who received their training from other builders. The boat types, which have been built and used in the area, have changed greatly over time. At first, original settlers brought boats with them from other parts of Newfoundland and then altered them upon reaching the Bay of Islands. After living there for about one hundred years the economic and technological contexts changed and fishermen and boat builders looked to a different boat design to meet the requirements of the change. At this point, the dory became the central focus of boat building activities. -- Once it was evident that the dory would become the new boat for the area, builders began to experiment with design and construction in response to these environmental changes. During the past fifty years, the dory has developed from a row dory into an outboard powered dory used for lobster fishing, the mainstay of most inshore fishermen of the area. Dory development in the Bay of Islands took place within the confines of tradition, culture, personal expectations and innovation. While the tradition of boat building has remained in the area, it has undergone cultural changes in the form of the boat in which the tradition is manifested.


identifier: Smith, Simon Andrew <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3ASimon_Andrew=3A=3A.html>   (1983) The sedimentology of the Late Precambrian Rencontre Formation, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Rencontre Formation is a sequence of Late Precambrian sediments outcropping around Fortune Bay in southeastern Newfoundland. The formation is variable, consisting of red conglomerates, coarse sandstones, red siltstones, with subordinate pale sandstones, and gray-green siltstones with fine sandstones. The exact thickness of the formation is uncertain as a complete section is not seen at any one locality, but the maximum possible thickness is in the order of 1500m. -- The Rencontre Formation is divided into facies associations on the basis of lithology and sedimentary structures. Five of these have been recognised in northern Fortune Bay, and four others on Brunette Island in the south. These associations reflect the vertical and lateral variability of the Rencontre Formation. -- The formation consists of fan delta, braided river, low energy marine, marginal marine, and tidal-marine deposits. In certain cases, there are no closely analogous modern environments with which to compare these sediments, in particular the basal 300m in the north of Fortune Bay. These are the deposits of fan deltas, but show a poor distinction between delta plain and delta front environments. -- A palaeogeographic model is developed in which deposition occurred in a northeast to southwest trending basin. Initially this was small, probably fault-bounded, with a marine connection to the northeast. Basin growth to the west and southwest is implied by the progressive overstepping of older deposits by younger strata, and led to a elongate basin with marine connections to the northeast and southwest. The basin history was complicated with alternating tectonic activity, quiescence, and sea-level changes. The upper part of the sequence signals a change from deposition in a narrow, elongate, basin, a motif characteristic of late Precambrian sedimentation in the Avalon terrane, to one of stable cratonic-type sedimentation, with broad depocentres, a motif characteristic of Early Palaeozoic sedimentation in the Avalon terrane.


identifier: Kennedy, Denis Patrick Stephen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kennedy=3ADenis_Patrick_Stephen=3A=3A.html>   (1981) Geology of the Corner Brook Lake Area, Western Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Corner Brook Lake area, located at the eastern margin of the Humber zone in central western Newfoundland, was mapped on a reconnaissance scale in order to sketch the salient features of its geology, which until now has been very poorly understood. -- The area is underlain mainly by a metamorphosed and deformed sedimentary cover sequence deposited during Hadrynian-Ordovician time on a Grenvillian basement complex, part of which outcrops in the area. The cover consists of basal clastic rocks, which underlie the eastern half of the map area, stratigraphically overlain by carbonate rocks, which occupy the western half of the area and are continuous with the extensive Cambro-Ordovician carbonate bank sequence of western Newfoundland. The area also includes allochthonous Cambro-Ordovician clastic and ophiolite-derived rocks, a small Siluro-Devonian granitoid pluton, and Carboniferous clastic rocks. -- Five distinct deformation events (D1-D5) are recognized, representing the effects of three regional orogenic events - the Middle Ordovician Taconic (D1/D2), the Devonian Acadian (D3) and the Carboniferous to Permian Alleghenian (D4/D5) orogenies. The intensity of deformation decreased after a peak during the Taconic, and a single, lower amphibolite facies metamorphic peak reached during the Taconic and Taconic-Acadian interkinematic Interval was followed during the Acadian by lower greenschist facies conditions. Three major east-dipping thrust faults are delineated, and their long histories, involving initiation during Taconic and subsequent reactivations during Acadian and Alleghenian orogenies, are outlined. The thrusts superpose the highly deformed and metamorphosed basement and lowermost cover rocks on the Cambro-Ordovician carbonate sequence, and in combination with west-verging folds account for the general westward, tectonic transport in the area. -- The tectono-stratigraphic features of the area clearly reflect the Hadrynian-Ordovician construction and Middle Ordovician and later destruction of the ancient continental margin of eastern North America, the Number zone. -- The more significant results of this study include: delineation of the stratigraphic and structural features of the eastern part of the area; firm establishment of the Grand Lake Brook group as part of the Cambro-Ordovician carbonate sequence, and its recognition as a stratigraphic and structural link across the major thrust zones with the Hadrynian-Cambrian metaclastic sequence in the eastern part of the area; identification of the earliest deformation events (D1/D2) in both the carbonate and metaclastic terranes and the correlation of these events with the Taconic Orogeny, implying the earliest post-Grenvllle deformation in this part of the Humber zone was due to Taconic Orogeny in Middle Ordovician time.


identifier: Sommerville, Anne A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sommerville=3AAnne_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1997) The late quaternary history of Terra Nova National Park and vicinity, northeast Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Quaternary history of Terra Nova National Park and vicinity, northeast Newfoundland, is dominated by Late Wisconsinan glaciation, glaciofluvial activity, post-glacial sea level fluctuations, and Holocene climate change. The eastern part of the study region is dominated by glacial erosional landforms, comprising thin veneers of fine-textured diamicton. To the west, eskers and glaciofluvial terraces are prominent, and the area is mantled by till and glaciofluvial deposits. -- Late Wisconsinan glaciation was marked by flow towards the northeast and glaciogenic sediments contain high proportions of Terra Nova Granite and other locally-derived erratics. Primary and reworked glacial diamictons are present. The primary deposits reflect local ice flow movements rather than the regional ice flow movement towards the northeast. Glaciofluvial deposits include eskers, proximal and distal braided stream sequences, as well as associated pond sediments. Glacial retreat from Terra Nova National Park occurred after 12,000 years BP. -- The marine limit is approximately 39 m asl, as indicated by raised deltas at Traytown and Sandy Cove. Marine incursion occurred at St. Chad's about 12,400 years BP. After 12,000 years BP, isostatic recovery resulted in the marine regression to modern sea level about 10,000 years BP, and to a minimum of -17 m by about 8,600 years BP. Ice-wedge casts preserved at 16 m asl at Port Blandford indicate the existence of a cold climate interval between 11,000 and 10,000 years BP. This is coincident with the Younger Dryas cool event. -- Sea level rose throughout the mid- and late-Holocene, reaching its present position about 2,000 years BP. Climate fluctuations during the late Holocene resulted in the expansion of wetlands throughout Terra Nova National Park.


identifier: Martin, Michelle Rae <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Martin=3AMichelle_Rae=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Seismic stratigraphy and tectono-structural framework of the Bjarni area, Hopedale Basin, Labrador Sea.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Labrador shelf and slope Mesozoic sedimentary area is divided by the Okak Arch into two large basins, the Saglek Basin and the Hopedale Basin. The Hopedale Basin is the more southerly basin and extends from the Cartwright Transfer Fault Zone (CTFZ) in the south to the Okak Arch in the North: a distance of approximately 500 kilometres from 55° to 59° latitude North. It is part of a large, oval, tectonic depression having an area of about 175 000 square kilometres. The basin has an uneven basement floor consisting of stretched continental crust, exhumed continental mantle (transitional crust) and oceanic crust. The thickest sediment accumulation is located on the outer shelf and inner slope. -- A recent seismic grid collected by Geophysical Service Incorporated (GSI) during 2003, 2004 and 2005 has produced a regional 2D seismic coverage adequately covering this vast area that contains the giant Bjarni/North Bjarni gas field. These non-exclusive seismic lines were graciously donated to Memorial University of Newfoundland to be used for regional tectonic, structural and seismic stratigraphic investigations and mapping. -- Using these donated data, several seismic sequences were defined, correlated to well information and mapped throughout the area surrounding the Bjarni/North Bjarni field. The study indicates that the Lower Cretaceous Bjarni Formation is widespread, was deposited in a large rifted area and contains the basin's main reservoir and source rock. Seismic correlations indicate that the Bjarni reservoir extends beyond the shelf and into the outer slope region. This new interpretation increases the probability that there are still many undrilled Bjarni plays on the shelf and on the slope. -- On the basis of seismic character observed on lines that extend into deepwater, it is apparent that there was a significant amount of postrift mantle exhumation on the Labrador margin expressed as serpentinized ridges as well as predrift lava flows mapped on continental and transitional crust domains. Thick syndrift and postdrift sediments overlie this oceanic crust. -- Kinematic modelling of a representative dip line illustrates that most of the extension took place in a continental setting during the Early Cretaceous. Multiple periods of subsidence followed; the most significant being the prominent thermal subsidence during the Late Tertiary. This subsidence along with margin tilting created the Labrador Shelf as seen today. -- As proven by past drilling, the Hopedale Basin contains all elements of a rich petroleum system. With new interpretation of the main reservoir-Bjarni sandstone-combined with previously documented geochemical data, it is evident that there is significant remaining hydrocarbon potential along the Labrador Shelf. Preserved Paleozoic carbonates on top of basement highs as well as draping and onlapping of the Bjarni sandstones on rotated basement blocks are the most significant hydrocarbon plays. Several leads have been indicated during regional mapping. -- Currently there is only minor exploration interest in the Hopedale Basin due to its remote location and its vulnerability to natural hazards including high frequency of icebergs, long-lasting pack ice and variable weather. These natural hazards have resulted in no exploration drilling or landsales in the basin for over 25 years even though it has already been proven to hold over 4.2 Tcf of gas. Hopefully, increasing demand for gas, high commodity prices, new drilling and production technologies and new seismic surveys supplemented by hydrocarbon detection methods (AVO, LMR, etc.) will encourage companies to develop the existing discoveries and explore for new ones.