title: Modelling energy output to optimize tidal turbine placement

contributor:
Wang, Weiwei (author)
(Chipman, Hugh) (Thesis advisor)
(Ranjan, Pritam) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: As home to the highest tides in the world, the Bay of Fundy, especially the Minas Channel, shows great potential for  harnessing tidal power. An important step is to find the best locations for turbine fences that will maximize the amount of extractable kinetic power. Various mathematical models can be used in prediciting energy generated by tidal turbines. Thus they enable the power maximization to be carried out before placing real turbines. We choose the Power Vs Location model, which is a simplified version of a finite-volume numerical model   To improve efficiency of our work, we propose using statistical models to approximate the Power Vs Location model outputs. In our experiment, Bayseian Additive Regression Trees (BART) model, outperforms traditional stationary Gaussian Processes (GP) model, and also the non stationary Tree Gaussian Processes (TGP) model, in predicting different non stationary power surfaces. Thus we incorporate BART into sequential design to predict the deterministic computer model outputs, which is the primary contribution of this research. We conduct simulation studies and apply our algorithm to placing turbine fences one at a time and two a time. Reasonably good predictions are obtained in both cases. We discover that if 10 fences are placed sequentially into the Minas Channel, the total maximum extractable power in creases from 4:76 108W to 31:57 106 W, but power generated by each turbine decreases as more fences are added. In addition, our results indicate that simultaneously placing multiple fences  results in almost the same power generation as placing fences on the same power generation as placing fences one at a time.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Beer window: Fact or fiction? A study of alcohol's effects on motor performance

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor:
Latter, Andrea Melissa (author)
(Murphy, René) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

rights: The author grants permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. The author retains the copyright of the thesis.

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Alcohol, as a widely studied social drug, has been known to have various effects on the  body following consumption. Post consumption, alcohol can enter the blood stream and  reach many different areas of the body, including the brain, resulting in altered function  both internally and in outward behaviours. Alcohol’s effects are not only dose dependant  but are also said to vary depending on certain consumer characteristics. Certain elicited  behaviour changes caused by alcohol can alter a person’s motor control or functioning,  resulting in a change in performance level for some tasks. This study was designed in  order to test the effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption on a fine motor skill  involving accuracy in a simplified billiards game, with which alcohol consumption is  often associated. Results for the study indicated that a slight performance enhancement  effect is shown post consumption of low doses of alcohol.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: The influence of orthography on spoken word recognition: Evidence from event-related brain potentials

contributor:
Stewart, Robyn E. (author)
(Newman, Randy Lynn) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: A priming task and event- related brain potentials ( ERPs) were used to investigate the  orthographic influence on spoken word recognition as participants ( N = 18) completed a  rhyme judgment task. Primes and targets shared phonology and orthography ( P+ O+; floss-gloss),  shared phonology but not orthography ( P+ O-; sauce- gloss), shared orthography but  not phonology ( P- O+; gross- gloss) or shared neither phonology nor orthography ( P- O-; calf-gloss).  Results showed a phonological priming effect as the N400, an ERP response  associated with language processing, was attenuated for rhyming compared to non- rhyming  conditions. There was a marginal orthographic priming effect as there was a decrease in  N400 amplitude in the P- O+ condition compared to the P- O- condition. The late positive  complex ( LPC) showed evidence of a phonological priming effect. Results provide partial  evidence that orthography is activated along with phonology during speech processing.

abstract: Psychology


title: Neuromuscular approach in sport specificity: Ability of two off-ice training devices to reproduce the forward ice hockey skating stride

contributor:
Smith, Jacob Paul (author)
(Landry, Scott) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The sport of ice hockey requires athletes to have speed and power in the lower extremities so they can propel themselves across the ice. This necessity means that effective training mechanisms must be employed to compete at elite levels. Recently, a forward off- ice hockey skating training device, the SkateSIM ® , has shown to increase skating speed for elite athletes. The idea behind the SkateSIM ® and other skate simulator devices is that they attend to the theory of sport specificity by mimicking the forward ice- hockey skating stride. The purpose of this study was to analyze muscle activity patterns using electromyography ( EMG) for 7 lower limb muscles during an acceleration stride ( stride 2) and a constant maximum velocity stride ( stride 5) for 4 conditions – ice skating ( IS), on a SkateSIM ® ( SS) training device, on a slide board ( SB) training device and during a running sprint ( RS). Qualitative and quantitative research was conducted to determine the true specificity of the off- ice training devices. For stride 2, within subject factors were compared for ice skating ( C1), SkateSIM ® training ( C2), and a running sprint ( C4). For stride 5, the slide board ( C3) was included in the within subject comparison along with the other 3 conditions. Muscles studied included the medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, medial hamstring, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus. While we were successful in describing and comparing the muscle activity patterns of select lower limb muscles during a running sprint, ice- skating and 2 off- ice skate training devices, more research is recommended to confidently conclude that the SkateSIM ® is a more effective off- ice training device for ice skating than the slide board or running sprint.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Identification of the presence of prolactin receptors in osteoblasts and SUM 159 cell lines: Potential alterations to bone homeostasis

contributor:
Walsh, Jillian F. (author)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Cells that migrate from a primary tumor to a secondary tissue site are known as  disseminated tumor cells ( DTCs). Mammary DTCs that have acquired the ability to  metastasize and proliferate indefinitely have a strong capacity to metastasize to bone and  usually form osteoclytic tumors. Prolactin ( PRL) has been shown to stimulate the  production of RANKL ( receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B ligand), a factor  previously shown to activate osteoclasts. Furthermore, prolactin receptors ( PRLRs) have  been identified on osteoblasts and some mammary tumor cell lines. The presence of  PRLRs on these cell types, PRL’s ability to function as a paracrine and autocrine factor,  and PRL’s ability to induce the secretion of RANKL may implicate it in tumor-accelerated  osteoclastogenesis. The goal of this study was to determine whether PRLRs  were present on murine osteoblasts and a stem cell- like mammary tumor cell line ( SUM  159), in order to determine whether PRL may stimulate accelerated osteoclast activity.  Primers were designed for one long and three short murine PRLR isoforms. Designed  primers were subjected to a PCR temperature gradient using control cDNA to determine  the primers’ ability to bind to the cDNA sequence. Additionally, PCR was conducted  using previously designed human PRLRs ( hPRLRs) primers and SUM 159 cDNA to  determine whether the cell line expressed either of the long or S1b hPRLR isoforms. Gel  electrophoresis results showed that mPRLR primers were ineffective in binding mPRLR  transcripts and that novel primers are needed to confirm the presence of murine PRLRs  on osteoblasts.

abstract: Biology


title: Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The poetic painter

contributor:
Greenwood, Robyn G. (author)
(Rigg, Patricia) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: My thesis “ Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The Poetic Painter” explores the double  works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a revolutionary artist of the nineteenth century  who created his own definition of aesthetic beauty built through the spiritual and  physical image of the female body. Through his double works of art Rossetti  combines both poetry and painting to illuminate the emotions of his female subjects  like no artist had done before him. In Chapter One I will discuss Rossetti’s  participation in the Pre‐ Raphaelite Brotherhood, examining specific techniques that  would later influence his own aesthetic definition of beauty. Chapter Two explores  Rossetti’s departure from the Pre‐ Raphaelite ideals and establishes his notions of  the body’s beauty and the soul’s beauty that would later dominate his works.  Chapter Three explores Rossetti’s most successful double works of art. In these  works he focuses on the status of the fallen woman in Victorian Society, elevating  her situation and giving her a voice through his poetry. In the end, Rossetti is able to  create his own definition of aesthetic beauty that focuses on the equivalencies  between the soul’s beauty and the body’s beauty, innocence and seductiveness, life  and death.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Relaxin production during cerebral ischemia and its potential role in neuroprotection

contributor:
Keefe, Daniel T. (author)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The peptide hormone relaxin, a member of the insulin superfamily, has a variety of effects in mammalian organs. Evidence suggests that relaxin is produced constitutively in cardiac cells, but there is an upregulation of production under ischemic stress which initiates cellular pathways that protect cardiomyocytes. Data from the brain mirrors these results as studies of cerebral ischemia have shown that injecting relaxin into the brain before an ischemic stress results in a reduction of the size of the damaged area. This study aims to determine whether relaxin is produced in the brain during ischemic stress, and its effectiveness in retaining tissue viability during ischemia- reperfusion. Neonatal rat brain slices were cultured and divided among four experimental groups: normoxic, hypoxic and each of these in combination with relaxin. Total RNA was collected from brain slices treated with normoxic and hypoxic media with the intent of using qPCR to measure relative expression of the relaxin gene. Relaxin primers were designed and tested with rat brain cDNA and optimization trials were conducted with qPCR studies ongoing. Normoxic and hypoxic treated brain slices were processed for immunohistochemical analysis of relaxin protein expression. Immunofluorescence in slices from both treatment groups was similar suggesting that relaxin protein expression was not upregulated under ischemic conditions. Using spectroscopy, cultured brain slices in normoxic, hypoxic and hypoxic + relaxin conditions were compared to map progressive ischemic damage over time. Initial data suggests there is an absorbance signature associated with ischemic tissue that may permit the use of spectroscopy to track ischemia- related changes however, relaxin treatment had no effect on this signature. Future research will determine the mechanisms behind relaxin- induced neuroprotection.

abstract: Biology


title: Indian informality and the manipulation of justice: the eviction and exclusion of the urban poor

contributor:
Lemesurier, Anne Rosamond (author)
(Abramson, Zelda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Within India‘ s urban centres, the forced eviction of individuals from their homes  in slum communities is resulting in the widespread violation of multiple recognized  standards of human and fundamental rights for the victims. Due to a shift towards  neoliberal economics, the Indian state has focused upon economic growth and urban  ‗ redevelopment‘ at the expense of the urban poor. Despite India‘ s recent economic  prosperity, the distribution inequality within the country contributes to a total disregard  for the rights of slum inhabitants. Additionally, despite neoliberal ideology advocating  for a separation between market and state, tracing the evolution of Indian slum and  eviction legislation makes it clear that the Indian justice system has been manipulated to  suit the interests of the state‘ s corporate partners. The recent criminalization of slum  inhabitants by illegal encroaching upon government land compared to the concessions  given to private investors through Special Economic Zones ( SEZs), highlights the  manipulation of justice due to the informality and deregulation of the Indian state. This  manipulation is sustaining the victims of forced evictions in conditions of poverty and  insecurity. Furthermore, the barriers to justice for the victims of forced evictions are an  additional condition to the manipulation of justice based on the state goals of economic  accumulation, corporate partnership and urban redevelopment.

abstract: Sociology


title: Avian and mammalian geophagy in the Peruvian Amazon

contributor:
Saroli, Miranda (author)
(Shutler, Dave) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Geophagy, the intentional ingestion of soil, has been reported among many herbivorous and omnivorous animals, including humans. Tropical environments such as the Amazon rainforest have an abundance of bird and mammal species that are geophagous. Soil leaching is common in tropical environments and this can cause low nutrient levels in plant tissues. In addition, many plants use toxins to discourage consumption of their tissues or unripe fruit. Thus, two hypotheses for geophagy are ( i) for mineral supplementation, and ( ii) for detoxification of plant secondary compounds. These hypotheses may not be mutually exclusive. To test these hypotheses, soil samples were collected in the Peruvian Amazon from 13 clay lick sites ( licks) visited by a variety of birds and mammals along Rio de Madre de Dios and its tributaries. Non- lick samples were collected from similar sites not visited by these animals. Samples were analyzed for texture, composition, and exchangeable cation concentrations. The majority of the licks were clay- rich, a feature consistent with the detoxification hypothesis. Soil conductivity was higher in licks than in non- licks, as were exchangeable sodium concentrations and pH. This is consistent with the hypothesis that clay lick soils are less leached, and thus contain more nutrients. Thus, data from this study supported both the mineral supplementation and detoxification hypotheses for geophagy.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Bamboozled: Chaos theory in Yann Martel's Life of Pi

contributor: (Wyile, Andrea Schwenke) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: My thesis “ Bamboozled: Chaos Theory and Yann Martel’s Life of Pi” is an exploration  into how stories are constructed and received by readers, as seen through the theoretical  framework of Chaos Theory. In Chapter One, I introduce Chaos Theory and explore its  applicability to Literary Theory and texts. A brief history of Chaos Theory is provided,  from which I go on to define the term Deterministic Chaos, and finally, discuss the  theory’s relevance to both Literary Theory and Literary texts. In Chapter Two I argue the  relationships between the philosophical foundations of Chaos Theory and narrative  discourse relating to confusion and disorientation in Life of Pi. Theoretical concepts taken  from Chaos Theory such as bifurcation, iteration, fractal, underlying structure, and  deterministic structure provide a contemporary means with which to discuss the effect  storytelling has on our lives and the role we play in the creation of our own stories.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Results of a ground magnetic survey over the Bloody Creek bolide impact crater near Bridgetown, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Murowinski, Emma Christina (author)
(Robertson, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
(Stanley, Cliff) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This study investigates the total magnetic field strength over the Bloody Creek bolide impact structure (BCS), located approximately 10 km south of Bridgetown, Nova Scotia. This 400 m diameter, slightly elliptical impact structure has been flooded by Nova Scotia Power's Bloody Creek hydroelectric reservoir, and thus is not directly available for study. Consequently, a ground magnetic survey was conducted over this site in the winter, when the reservoir was frozen. Measurements were standardized using a base station magnetometer, and a data quality assessment revealed that the data are highly reproducible. Results were evaluated using classical geostatistics, and a semivariogram was examined to understand the spatial variance structure of the data. Isotropic spherical and exponential functions with small nugget effects were chosen as appropriate models for subsequent kriging.  Before kriging, the data were declustered at a scale approximating the sampling interval to ensure numerical stability in the kriging calculations. Ordinary kriging was undertaken, and two un-biased, minimum error variance surfaces describing the total magnetic field strength anomalies in the area were obtained. These surfaces were subjected to a number of empirical image analysis procedures to enhance any magnetic patterns that occur in the Bloody Creek area, including first and second derivative, and edge-detection maps. Interpretations of these surfaces reveal very subtle patterns that equivocally suggest the presence of an elliptical crater structure. The obscurity of the patterns suggests that the impact crater likely does not contain significant amounts of magnetic material (e.g., iron or chondrite meteor debris), and that impact did not substantially modify the low relief of the magnetic field in the granitic host rocks.

abstract: Physics


title: Perceived risk and constructs of frequency, severity, control and training in nurses from Eastern Canada

contributor:
McAdam, Kathryn D. (author)
(Leiter, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This study examined a component of safety culture experienced by nurses in their working environments. Nurses from the South Shore of Nova Scotia responded to questions on a self- report questionnaire assessing their levels of perceived risk, control, frequency, severity, and training regarding eight common occupational hazards. Significant relationships among perceived risk and control, frequency, and severity were found. A significant relationship between control and training was also found. This pattern of correlations indicates that commonly occurring occupational hazards reflect the way employees view their workplace. Furthermore, it lends support to the concept that effective safety training may create a more positive and a safer workplace.

abstract: Psychology


title: Does body size affect sweetness thresholds and perception and liking of a food product in normal weight women

contributor:
Ettinger, Laurel (author)
(Caldwell, Tristaca) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The recent worldwide obesity pandemic has created a tremendous focus on research  involving sweetness perception, specifically in the area of the relationship between body  size and sweetness thresholds. The purpose of this research was to determine if a  relationship exists between women of a healthy BMI and various measures of sweetness  perception ( ie. thresholds, and liking and intensity of sweetness of a food product). Fifty-one  female participants were recruited from the University of Guelph and Acadia  University campuses and placed into groups based on grams of sugar consumption,  frequency of consumption, < 22.9% and ≥ 23.0% body fat composition, 18.5- 21.5 and  21.6- 24.9 BMI groups and < 75 cm and ≥ 75 cm waist circumference groups. Recognition  thresholds for all participants were determined using the forced choice method of  threshold testing with sucrose solutions. Participants also rated four different samples of  custard for their liking of the sweetness in the sample, as well as their perceived  sweetness of the sample. The participants were also grouped into taster status groups  using 6- n- propylthiouracil as a marker. The data were analyzed to compare sweetness  liking with body size, including WC, BMI and body fat. Data analysis showed there was  no significant relationship between body size and sweetness thresholds, nor perceived  sweetness and sweetness liking and body fat groups. This indicates that added sugar  consumption may not be a significant determinant affecting variation in an individual’s  body weight. However, future research may be helpful in using thresholds and liking and  perceived sweetness as predictors for obesity.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: Multiple object tracking in individuals with Down syndrome

contributor:
Marr, Caitlin M. (author)
(Brodeur, Darlene) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The present study investigated differences in multiple object tracking ( MOT) abilities  among individuals with Down syndrome ( DS) and typically developing controls ( TDC).  Individuals with Down syndrome were compared to typically developing control children  with mental ages ranging from 4- 7 years old on their tracking abilities using a  computerized MOT task called “ Catch the Spies”. To assess the roles of object selection  and visual working memory in multiple object tracking, accuracy on measures of  immediate and delayed memory were also compared. The DS group displayed  significantly lower accuracy than the TDC group when tracking one to three spies, and  both groups performed below chance when tracking four objects. It was suggested that  differences could be due to deficits in attention selection for the DS group that increase  cognitive load, thereby placing increased demands on limited capacity visual working  memory.

abstract: Psychology


title: Honour killings and intimate-partner homicide in Canada

contributor:
Beveridge, Ceilidh Karin Eaton (author)
(Brittain, James) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: An honour killing is defined as taking place when an individual is murdered  because her or his indiscretions or misfortunes have brought shame upon their families  ( Goldstein 2002); in contrast, intimate- partner homicide is the murder or non- negligent  manslaughter of a person by her or his current or former intimate partner ( Websdale  1999). On June 30, 2009 an alleged „ honour killing‟ occurred in the locus of the  Kingston community, taking the lives of four innocent women. The murder gained the  attention of media outlets, sparking my curiosity in this cultural trial. This thesis  investigates the differences and similarities between Western intimate- partner homicides  and the mislabelled „ Middle Eastern‟ practice. Dismissing biological determinants as a  source for legitimacy, investigating the limits of multiculturalism, and framing patriarchy  in Canada will aid in finding a means to equate these two detrimental acts of violence  against women. With the assistance of theoretical frameworks encompassing radical,  liberal, and Islamic feminism, as well as Bourdieu‟ s Symbolic Violence perspective, an  effective critique will be engaged. Incorporating Canadian society and understanding the  similarities and differences that lay at the core of honour killings and intimate- partner  homicide will produce conclusions not yet published in the present literature. Individuals  in Canada are encouraged to seek tolerance for cultural diversity, and a more in- depth  insight into what is happening to women outside of stereotypical honour killings helps  put these crimes into context.

abstract: Sociology


title: The photochemistry of diarylmethylammonium salts: Heterolysis vs homolysis

contributor:
Thurber, Katie (author)
(Lukeman, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Photochemistry is the study of chemical reactions that may result from the absorption of  electromagnetic radiation. A common consequence of electronic excitation for many  molecules is bond cleavage. It can occur through two major competing pathways. Photo-heterolysis  of an organic compound generates a carbocation intermediate, and photo-homolysis  generates a radical intermediate. In general, homolytic reactions producing  radical intermediates can give a large number of products due to the high reactivity of  radicals and their tendency to react with oxygen. In contrast, carbocations produced by  heterolytic reactions have more predictable chemistry, and in the presence of good  nucleophiles, often a single product is formed. We sought to find a leaving group which  gives primarily heterolytic photochemical bond cleavage for a wide variety of  chromophores. Encouraged by the high yields of heterolytic products from the quinone  methide case and the apparent heterolytic photochemistry observed in the limited  available studies on trialkyl ammonium salts, we wanted to make derivatives bearing  trialkyl amine leaving groups and investigate the homolytic to heterolytic cleavage ratio.  If these proposed quaternary ammonium salts show primarily heterolysis and high  quantum yields, trialkyl amine leaving groups might become the preferred leaving groups  for conducting ionic photochemistry, and might greatly widen the application of such  reactions in synthesis.  Triethyl- 9- fluorenyltriethylammonium bromide ( 14) and triethylbenzyhydrylammonium  bromide ( 15) were synthesized in a three step procedure from fluorenone ( 16) and  benzophenone ( 17), respectively. They were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR  xi  spectroscopy. To study the photochemistry of 14 and 15, we irradiated them in a solution  of 1: 1 water- methanol at 254 nm, the photoproducts were extracted and the ratio of  heterolysis: homolysis was determined. For 14 the ratio of heterolysis: homolysis was  0.04: 1 and for 15 it was 3.3: 1. A mechanism is proposed which accounts for the  unexpected heterolysis: homolysis ratios observed. Our results indicate that the trialkyl  amine leaving group is better than most nucleophiles at promoting heterolytic bond  cleavage in the excited state in the case of 14, however, this ability unfortunately does not  translate to all chromophores, as is evident from the case of 15.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Tracing theoretical approaches to crime and social control: From functionalism to postmodernism

contributor: MacDonald, Jacqueline (Jackie) Patricia (author)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This thesis engages in secondary analysis, and is designed to inform the reader of  misconceptions associated with how we come to understand crime and the criminal  within modern westernized capitalistic society. Typically the majority of persons tend to  blame the criminal for his or her committed crimes. However, many social theorists view  crime and the notion of the criminal to be products of the institutional structures and  cultural values that enforce capitalism. Accordingly, this thesis explores a variety of  social theorists, from functionalists to postmodernists, in an attempt to understand the  gaps present within criminological and sociological discourse; and offers the reader a  multi- dimensional view of the individual criminal.  To accomplish this, Chapter 1 offers the reader introductory information that  helps to contextualize the points made throughout the thesis; Chapter 2 explores the  forefathers of functionalism and the progression of such, ultimately leading to Robert  Merton‘ s theory of anomie; Chapter 3 explores the progression of the capitalist socio-economic  system and the values enforced through that system, allowing for the  discussion of Karl Marx‘ s Critical and Conflict theories; Chapter 4 explores Michel  Foucault‘ s notion of the docile body and disciplinarians of power, which assists the  reader in understanding unequal power distributions present within capitalistic social  structures; and finally, the conclusion will restate some of the main points made  throughout the thesis. I conclude that crime and the notion of the criminal is a socially  constructed byproduct of capitalism— one that serves the reproduction of the powerful  elites.

abstract: Sociology


title: Ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance screening of urinary isolates and the pharmacodynamic modeling of fosfomycin

contributor:
MacDonald, Carly Alana (author)
(Bell, Colin) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections that humans experience. The body’s immune response to UTIs is often inadequate at ridding the urinary tract of bacterial cells. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT), nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin are common antibiotic drugs used in Canada to treat UTIs. Uropathogens are beginning to show increasing resistance to these treatments, increasing the importance of studying other antibiotic options. The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance rates among gram-negative UTI bacteria to a broad-spectrum bactericidal agent called fosfomycin. Pathogenic bacterial samples (1048) were collected from the Capital District Health authority in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Susceptibility screening was conducted using agar dilution tests to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of fosfomycin of the isolates. Disk diffusion tests were carried out for TMP-SXT, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin to determine resistance rates to these antibiotics. In addition, a pharmacodynamic model was used to assess the relationship between fosfomycin concentration and growth tendencies of five strains of gram negative, UTI-causing bacteria. The fosfomycin resistance rate among isolates was determined to be 1.24%. This is lower than the experimentally derived resistance rates for TMP-SXT, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin which are 14.41%, 6.97% and 4.39%, respectively. The pharmacodynamic model results illustrate a correlation between fosfomycin concentration and amount of bacterial kill. They also demonstrate that for all isolates tested the majority of the bacteria are killed within the first few hours. The results from both the pharmacodynamic modeling and the susceptibility screening demonstrate significant potential for fosfomycin as a UTI treatment.

abstract: Biology


title: The effects of water level fluctuations and sediment resuspension on water quality at Tupper Lake, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Terry, David B. S. (author)
(Spooner, Ian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: It is necessary to understand contemporary and historical processes operating in lakes and catchments in order to develop effective lake management strategies and assess risk associated with development or changing climate. This study focuses on assessing the vulnerability of a shallow lake to small variations in water depth. The lake has recently been subject to controversial short-term water level changes that have been a consequence of development pressure at the lake.  Historical data indicates that dam construction in 1920 resulted in water level change. Lake survey data indicates that strong storms have the potential to create sufficient bottom shear to re-suspend lake bottom sediment. A 200 year-long lake sediment record indicates a change from dominantly siliceous autochthonous diatom-rich sediment to allochthonous organic-rich sediment in 1920. Chemical data from the lake sediment indicates consistent nutrient concentrations but increases in metal concentration (Pb, Ni, Cu, As) associated and coincident with an increase in lake sediment organic content. Higher lake levels were likely caused by hydroelectric dam construction. An increase in organic input from a sawmill likely led to available metals being complexed with organic matter.  The data indicate that Tupper Lake is susceptible to episodic sediment resuspension related to storms and lower lake levels. Higher water levels may result in an increase in organic influx into the lake and associated water quality degradation. It is likely that many other lakes in Atlantic Canada experience substantial water quality change in response to similar processes. Lake management strategies are required to address the risk associated with drawdown.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Detection of charge density waves in TAS3 using SEM EBIC

contributor:
Mason, Geoffrey J. (author)
(Robertson, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
(Bennett, Craig) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: TaS3 is a quasi-one-dimensional crystal that forms one or two charge density wave  (CDW) states depending on the particular crystallographic structure of the material.  Single crystals were grown using vapour transport, and their electrical resistivities as a  function of temperature were measured. The crystals then underwent electron beam  induced current (EBIC) imaging using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to  observe the spatial distribution of CDW regions with varying chemical potentials, which  appeared as regions with varying contrast in an EBIC image. The results suggest that  imaging CDW distributions in this way is possible and further studies are recommended  in order replicate the results.

abstract: Physics


title: Muscle activation patterns during game-like cutting maneuvers on artificial field turf: Relevance to ACL injuries in female soccer players

contributor:
Fry, Ashley Nicole (author)
(Landry, Scott) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: The incidence of a non-contact injury to the anterior cruciate ligament is 2-8 times  greater in females than in males and such injuries frequently occur during athletic  maneuvers such as landing, decelerating or cutting to change direction. The cutting  maneuver has been reported as being the most hazardous mechanism for non-contact  ACL injuries. Previous studies examining participants performing cutting movements  have been able to show that during the stance phase, females compared to males  demonstrate greater knee valgus angles, increased quadriceps activity, and reduced  hamstring activity. Females have also been found to cut with smaller hip and knee  flexion angles. These differences identified in females may not be giving the knee joint  enough support to counter the external loads placed on the knee, putting the ACL at risk  for injury. Since sporting maneuvers are not always anticipated during game situations, it  is believed that preplanned movements performed in a laboratory are not a true reflection  of the loads applied to the knee during an unanticipated sporting situation. Therefore, the  purpose of this study was to examine university soccer players performing unanticipated  cutting maneuvers on a game realistic surface and to use electromyography to identify  muscle activation patterns which may provide insight into the gender bias of non-contact  ACL injuries. Understanding gender differences and differences in neuromuscular  patterns between cutting movements will contribute to development of preventative  training programs to reduce the risk of ACL injury in athletes.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: A Nova Scotia year: Poems of a modern peasant

contributor:
Hergett, H. Douglas (author)
(Campbell, Wanda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: In this collection of thirty-six poems organized around the months of the year, I explore my place as a modern peasant tied to the land of Nova Scotia and the Annapolis Valley in particular. This is investigated using the traditional theme of the Labours of the Months as expressed in art and artefacts, particularly through a collection of lithographs by Alex Colville, as well as through reflection on my own past and present experience. Various forms of poetry are employed including free verse, ekphrasis, concrete poems, haiku, and the sonnet. The influence of mechanization on agriculture and the significant impact of war on this region and in my own life are explored. Throughout the collection there is an arc that moves from the darkness and menace that life contains, to the expression of hope in the intentional act of striving to create meaning from the routine experiences of daily life.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Distribution properties of the sign statistic for stationary time series data

contributor:
Doyle, Carla Marie (author)
(Zhang, Ying) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to examine both the asymptotic and the finite sample  distribution properties of the sign statistic. Background information is provided on  time series, U-statistics are discussed, and some theory involving U-statistics, in  particular the sign statistic, is presented and applied. The finite sample distribution  of the sign statistic is examined through computer simulation of particular ARMA  models. The asymptotic and finite variance of the sign statistic are considered, and  a method to use the sign statistic in hypothesis testing is investigated.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Educating Africa: NGO's contribution to achieving universal primary education

contributor:
McGregor, Anne (author)
(Grieve, Malcolm) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Through global conferences like Education for All and the Millennium Summit,  universal primary education has been identified as an important component of the global  development discourse. Education enhances individual’s economic, social, and political  capabilities and can enhance health and political participation. It also reduces infant  mortality and population growth. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the furthest behind in  achieving universal primary education, and many African governments lack the capacity  to provide adequate and effective education services to the children within their state.  Because of these failures, NGOs have stepped in to enhance the education delivery of the  state. NGOs can perform both an advocacy role and a provisionary role in enhancing  primary education. Through an analysis of the Civil Society Coalition for Quality Basic  Education budget monitoring in Malawi, and the School for Life’s provision of  complementary education in Ghana, one can see the positive contributions NGOs are  making to the achievement of universal primary education. Both NGOs and states in  Malawi and Ghana lack the capacity to provide universal primary education on their own  thus cooperation between the two will be required to enroll every child into primary  education. Collaboration between NGOs and the state can enhance the provision of  primary education and will help make the achievement of universal primary education a  reality.

abstract: Politics


title: Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to alarm pheromone in Zebrafish

contributor:
Beardsall, Jeffrey W. (author)
(MacLeod, Peter) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Relaxin-3 is a highly conserved member of the relaxin family of peptides; it is also  highly concentrated in the midbrain tegmental region known as the nucleus incertus (NI)  (Burzain et al., 2002). Several studies using rodent models of stress have indicated NI  neurons are activated by physical stress treatments; these neurons also increase relaxin-3  expression after stress treatment (Banerjee et al., 2010; Tanaka et al., 2005). Given  relaxin-3’s highly conserved structure and localization, its function is likely conserved  across vertebrate species.  This study extends the relaxin-3/stress hypothesis to an emerging model of  vertebrate behavior and physiology; the zebrafish (Danio rerio). The present study uses a  popular zebrafish stress test (Novel Tank Diving Test adapted from Egan et al., 2009) to  identify behaviors that are affected by exposure to an alarm pheromone. Fish exposed to  alarm pheromone are expected to engage in longer and more frequent freezing durations,  longer latency to enter the top half of the test tank, and decreased frequency and duration  spent in the top half of the tank. Previous studies indicate behavioral effects of alarm  pheromone are short-lived (less than 30 minutes), but the present study demonstrates fish  exposed to alarm pheromone (N=10) engage in significantly longer freezing durations  than control fish (N=7) (p<0.05); this effect lasts as long as 45 minutes post-treatment.  The current study predicted that exposure to alarm pheromone would increase neural  activity in the NI of zebrafish, measured by cFos immunostaining. Technical difficulties  resulted in poor staining results and therefore not analyzed. Suggestions to improve  staining results, and why the present study found long-lasting behavioral effects are  discussed.

abstract: Psychology


title: Relaxin's effect on hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha levels in hypoxic brain tissue

contributor:
Munroe, Jake (author)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Relaxin is a peptide hormone within the insulin superfamily. It exists in 3 different forms in humans: H1, H2, and H3 relaxins, with H2 being the main circulating form. Relaxin has been shown to ameliorate damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion in myocardial tissue through a variety of mechanisms. More recently, the hormone has been shown to reduce ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral tissue damage, though the mechanisms behind this effect are unknown. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor subunit that mediates oxygen homeostasis at the cellular level and has been shown to play both adaptive and detrimental roles during ischemia. In this study, an organotypic brain slice culture technique was used to determine whether relaxin affects the concentration of HIF-1α. Coronal brain sections (400 μm) from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats (n=15) were cultured for 14 days. The cultured tissue was divided into 3 treatment groups: Normoxic (n=5), Hypoxic (n=5), and Hypoxic with Relaxin (n=5). Oxygen and glucose deprivation was induced for 60 minutes in the latter two groups while oxygen and glucose supply to slices was maintained for the Normoxic group. Brain slices were homogenized post-treatment and HIF-1α concentrations were determined for each treatment using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results suggest that HIF-1α concentration does not vary significantly between hypoxic tissue treated with relaxin compared with hypoxic and normoxic controls.

abstract: Biology


title: Two conquerors, one crown: The legitimacy of Cnut the Great and William the Conqueror in eleventh century England

contributor:
Hunter, Margaret M. (author)
(MacDonald, Jennifer) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: England in the eleventh century was a place of uncertain rule with men from England, Denmark, and Normandy all claiming to be the rightful King of England at different times during this chaotic century. This thesis explains how two of the foreign conquerors of England in the eleventh century, Cnut of Denmark and William of Normandy, managed to legitimize their position as King of England in their own way. Although both of these men had similar claims to the throne, they used these claims differently to achieve the same ends. The first part of this study examines the way in which Cnut established himself as king of England by cultivating his own connections to West Saxon governance through agreement with his predecessor, marriage to the former king’s widow, integration of English instruments into his government, and use of both secular and ecclesiastical personnel in his reign. The second part of this study examines William’s method of establishing himself as King of England. Though William also relied on his predecessor’s promise of the throne, he did not monopolize on his connections to the English throne as much as Cnut did. By introducing many of his own personnel, William redefined the position of king from within the English governance structure to establish his legitimacy. Therefore, while Cnut became “more English than the English” through his means of legitimizing himself, William maintained the persona of foreign military ruler throughout his tenure as king of England. This thesis will illustrate how in eleventh century England, foreigners were able to establish legitimate claim to the throne both by appealing to and suppressing their predecessors.

abstract: History & Classics


title: The effects of a probiotic supplement on symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children

contributor:
Brogan, Holly C. (author)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Probiotics  have  been  shown  to  have  a  positive  effect  on  mental  health,  which  can  happen  through  normalization  of  the  hypothalamic-‐pituitary-‐adrenal  (HPA)  axis.  The  HPA  axis  is  responsible  for  regulating  the  levels  of  cortisol  in  the  body,  and  studies  have  shown  that  children  with  the  symptoms  of  ADHD  have  lower  cortisol  levels  than  control  groups,  suggesting  HPA  axis  dysregulation.  Animal  studies  have  linked  HPA  axis  dysfunction  to  disturbances  in  the  gut  microbiome,  disturbances  that  can  be  corrected  through  the  administration  of  probiotics.  The  current  study  aimed  to  investigate  the  potential  therapeutic  effect  of  probiotics  on  the  symptoms  of  ADHD  in  children.  Ten  children,  between  the  ages  of  seven  and  thirteen  years,  were  given  a  probiotic  or  a  placebo  supplement  for  four  weeks  and  any  changes  in  their  ADHD  symptoms  were  recorded.  In  this  small  sample  of  children,  probiotics  reduced  the  severity  of  ADHD  symptoms,  and  should  be  further  investigated  as  a  natural  treatment  for  ADHD.

abstract: Psychology


title: Environmental and biological cycles and their possible effect on some Maritime Canada fisheries

contributor:
Nau, George S. (author)
(Dadswell, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
(Stokesbury, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Fisheries management practices often focus on the effect of fishing mortality and stock-recruitment relationships in order to make predictive models of stock abundance. Such models often ignore the effect of natural, long-term physical and biological cycles, because the relationship of the abundance of fisheries resources to these variables is often not apparent. Cross-correlation analyses of long-term data of fisheries landings and environmental variables were used to highlight some of these relationships. American lobster landings for the Bay of Fundy along a portion of the New Brunswick coast and also along the Maine coast were compared with the 18.61 year lunar nodal precession cycle which affects tidal intensity and coastal sea surface temperatures. American lobster showed a significant positive correlation with sea surface temperature and a significant negative correlation with tidal intensity for both areas. Correlations of tidal activity to both lobster landings and temperature show similar relationships to each other with significant correlation lags of around 20 years. Striped bass and American shad landings for the Saint John River were also compared to natural cycles, and reveal a possible predatory relationship between these two species. However, the presence of outliers obscures the relationship. Atlantic salmon fisheries landings for the Saint John River were compared to both flow rates and water levels of the Saint John River, and there appear to be significant negative correlations between water levels and landings for the summer months, which may indicate reduced catchability during high water levels, and for the month of February, which may indicate an effect of seasonal snowmelt freshets on salmon parr survival.

abstract: Biology


title: Age and growth of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) from the Saint John River, New Brunswick

contributor:
Stewart, Nathan D (author)
(Stokesbury, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: As a long-lived and late maturing species, Atlantic sturgeon are susceptible to overharvest, which makes knowledge of their age and growth essential to sustainable management. The Saint John River, New Brunswick, supports one of the two remaining fisheries for Atlantic sturgeon in Canada along with the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, however the relationship between age and growth has not previously been modeled for the Saint John River population. The von Bertalanffy growth model (VBGM) has been used to model the relationship between age and growth for several spawning stocks of Atlantic sturgeon along the Atlantic coast of North America. Pectoral fin spines have been the most commonly used structure for age determination of Atlantic and other sturgeon species due to accuracy and ease of collection. The VBGM of age and length for Atlantic sturgeon in the Saint John River was determined by aging pectoral fin spine sections collected from 233 individuals of known length belonging to that stock. Most of the spine sections (84%) were aged by two of three readers to evaluate possible reader bias. Age-bias plots and coefficient of variation (CV) indicated relatively low precision between readers compared to other studies (readers 1 and 2: CV=6.3%; readers 1 and 3: CV=7.0%). According to VBGM parameters males grow faster than females, but females reach a greater maximum length (males: K=0.05, L∞=247; females: K=0.04, L∞=278). According to the von Bertalanffy parameters for combined sexes, the Saint John River population is medial in terms of growth rate and maximum length to the Hudson and St. Lawrence rivers (K=0.04, L∞=270).

abstract: Biology


title: Kingdoms of ideal beauty: connections between nature and spirituality in L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables, Anne's House of Dreams, and Rilla of Ingleside

contributor: (Wyile, Andrea Schwenke) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Lucy Maud Montgomery challenges institutional Christianity by demonstrating how the nature-focused characters, such as Anne in Anne of Green Gables, Captain Jim in Anne's House of Dreams, and Walter in Rilla of Ingleside, have a more intimate relationship with God than the characters who simply perform religion. Montgomery's characters' experiences in nature reflect her desire for a natural and genuine spirituality that she describes in the Alpine Path, and her views are supported by an examination of her own religious thought and literary background. Montgomery highlights the hypocrisy of the Church by juxtaposing these characters with the characters who just perform religion, such as Mrs. Rachel Lynde, Marilla, Miss Cornelia, and Susan, who either fear nature or try to control it. However, Anne, Captain Jim, and Walter, act as religious liberalists in accordance with Leigh Schmidt's criteria in The Aspiring Side of Religion, to subvert this paradigm and change the community. Thus, these quaint little books for girls challenge social and religious expectations by suggesting that true intimacy with God is an organic experience and not a performance.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Grapha: Graph generating software

contributor:
Wetmore, Nicholas J. (author)
(Diamond, Jim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Many people who generate graphs for their documents are faced with a small number  of tools from which to choose. The problem is that these tools seem to either be very  powerful and take a long time to produce professional graphs or they are very simple  and o er little or no way in which to output the graph. This makes graph generating  currently very time consuming. This thesis describes the development of a piece of  software named Grapha which solves some of these problems.  Grapha is a piece of software that was designed and developed to facilitate the  generation of many di erent graphs. The user will  rst generate some \basic" graphs.  Once he was done this, the basic graphs can then be combined together to create more  complex graphs. Any generated graph is made available by the software to be output  in many formats. These formats can be images, both raster-based and vector-based,  or programmatic representations. In addition, Grapha allows a user to edit, save or  load any of his graphs.  This thesis is focused on exactly what the Grapha graph-generating software is  and what was involved in developing it. It goes over the various design challenges  that were overcome while creating the software. In addition, there is a summary of  what the  nal piece of software looks like, and how users will utilize all of its features.  This thesis covers how the program interacts with the user and what type of results  can be achieved from using the software. The techniques and code that were used to  make the design a reality are also discussed within this thesis.

abstract: Computer Science


title: Won't get fooled again: An examination of Anglo-Italian relationships during the Spanish Civil War

contributor:
Tiberi, Alessandra E. (author)
(Doerr, Paul) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to examine Britain’s foreign policy during the Spanish Civil War, paying close attention to how its policy shaped, and was shaped by, Italian action in Spain. Particular attention is paid to the Gentleman’s Agreement of 1937, the Nyon Conference of 1937, and the Easter Agreement of 1938.  The first chapter of this work provides some background into the Spanish Civil War, and looks at various international reactions to the event, including that of Britain. The first chapter will also look at the historiography of British foreign policy during the Spanish Civil War, focusing on the myriad of reasons British policy makers had for choosing non-intervention. The historiography of the Nyon Conference of 1937 will also be considered. The second chapter briefly studies Anglo-Italian relations following the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935 and the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, before assessing how British policy towards the Italians played out during the first two years of the Spanish Civil War. The third chapter examines the Nyon Conference of September 1937 and how it represented the one break in the policy of conciliation towards Italy that Britain had been following. It also deals with the growing tensions between Neville Chamberlain and Anthony Eden that arose over how to deal with Italy, and how the resignation of Anthony Eden in 1938 affected Anglo-Italian relations for the rest of the Spanish Civil War.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Passive acoustic monitoring of cetaceans at intertidal weirs in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Reed, Monica L. (author)
(Redden, Anna) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Tidal energy development sites, including the Fundy Ocean Research Centre for  Energy (FORCE) in Minas Passage in the Bay of Fundy, present potential risks to marine  mammals. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) systems provide a means to acoustically  detect cetacean presence and activity. We used passive acoustic hydrophones to examine  the click-trains of the Atlantic harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), the most abundant  cetacean species in the Minas Basin and Minas Passage. This project is part of a larger  study examining the usefulness of intertidal weirs as monitoring platforms, and aims to  better inform FORCE about fish and marine mammal movements in the region. The project  involved cetacean monitoring from the intertidal zone near the FORCE test area, and at two  intertidal weirs with the aid of two PAM technologies, the Porpoise Detector (C-POD;  Chelonia Ltd.) and the icListenHF hydrophone (icListenHF; Ocean Sonics Ltd.). Seasonal  abundances of commercial and non-commercial fishes were determined by their capture in  weirs at low tide. Harbour porpoise were detected by both PAM technologies near to the  Bramber weir site, but were rarely within the listening range (100-200 m) of the C-PODs  located at the Five Islands weir site. Peaks in porpoise presence near the Bramber weir  occurred during the spring and fall. Detections were uncommon during mid-June to August,  mirroring known seasonal trends in Minas Passage, and suggesting that porpoise are located  in cooler waters west of Minas Passage during the warm summer months. There was no  apparent relationship between porpoise presence and prey abundance in weir catches,  suggesting the use of C-POD hydrophones at intertidal weir sites is not an effective method  of collecting information on porpoise movements relative to the distribution of their prey.  The icListenHF outperformed the C-POD in detection range and thus listening volume,  indicating the icListenHF is more appropriate for monitoring within an intertidal/subtidal  environment than C-PODs.

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: Chemical ecology of the invasive beech leaf mining weevil (Orchestes fagi L.) in Nova Scotia, Canada

contributor:
Pawlowski, Simon P. (author)
(Hillier, Kirk) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: The beech leaf mining weevil, Orchestes fagi L. (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Ramphini) is a common pest of beech trees, Fagus sylvatica L. (Fagaceae) in Europe that has recently become established in Nova Scotia, Canada, where it is damaging American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). The objective of this study has been the development of effective tools to monitor the spread and impact of this exotic invasive species. A combination of Y-tube behavioural bioassays and electrophysiological studies (electroantennography (EAG) and gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD)) were used to identify potential attractive materials. Putative attractants were also deployed in field trap bioassays. EAGs suggested antennae were sensitive to green leaf volatiles as well as putative O. fagi pheromones collected through solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME). Host preference trials, via Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, indicated equal preference by male and female adults for beech, raspberry, cherry, and apricot leaves as well as a significant preference for apple leaves over beech. Trapping bioassays at two field sites in Halifax clearly showed that yellow sticky cards were more efficient at trapping O. fagi than were boll weevil traps, but putative attractants did not significantly improve trap catch. Further research will be required to define efficient attractants for use in lure development. This study provides evidence that O. fagi life history is similar in North America in comparison to its native European range with a period of approximately 5-6 weeks in early summer in association with its primary host (American/European beech). Further research on presence and habits on alternative hosts outside this period and/or inactivity due to overwintering will be required to fully understand the North American life history of O. fagi.

abstract: Biology


title: Spectroscopy of luminescence materials for optimizing down-conversion efficiency

contributor:
Smith, Wesley (author)
(van der Ende, Bryan) (Thesis advisor)
(Bennett, Craig) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: This research project explores improving the current e ciencies of silicon photo-  voltaic (PV) cells by using a spectral adaption technique to overcome the Shockley-  Quessier limit of 30% e ciency. In theory, this approach minimizes the amount of  energy lost primarily due to a mismatch between the solar emission spectrum and  spectral response of crystalline silicon to achieve e ciency near 40%. The reduc-  tion of these energy losses can be realized by the process of down-conversion (DC),  which converts a single photon of relatively high-energy into two photons of lower en-  ergy to increase the generation of electron-hole pairs in the semiconductor. Inorganic  phosphorescent materials with intentional impurities can be administered to modify  pre-existing silicon PV cells. This modi cation increases the absorption and emission  of near-infrared photons.  The luminescence compounds investigated were gadolinium, yttrium, and lan-  thanum vanadate with varying dopant concentrations of ytterbium synthesized using  a solid-state reaction procedure. By analyzing the powder x-ray di raction patterns,  information is obtained regarding the crystal structure of the synthesized compounds  for comparison to accepted values of the lattice parameters. Additionally, the e ect of  replacement of the lanthanide ions in the crystal host lattice by dopant ions has been  examined. Using spectroscopic techniques, the change in quantum cutting e ciencies  as a function of dopant concentration can be observed. GdVO4 : 4 % Yb3+ yields the  highest quantum e ciency (QE) at 198 %. Furthermore, these techniques provide  information on the energetic positions of the optical transitions leading to emission  of light and the energetic positions of absorption transitions.

abstract: Physics


title: Navigating the edge: A population health approach to high-risk alcohol use

contributor:
Lathem, Callie (author)
(Kitchin, Heather) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: This thesis stemmed from a personal interest in high-risk alcohol use and related harms. I  begin this thesis with a general historical exploration of alcohol use on college and  university campuses where patterns and cultures of alcohol use are identified. I then, move  towards a more specific exploration of drinking culture at Acadia University. Through  collaboration with Acadia University National College Health Improvement Project team  and my own qualitative research a comprehensive picture of the drinking culture at Acadia  University is portrayed. Through the specific example of Acadia University I identified a  model of harm reduction and mitigation by way of edgework theory and population health.  Edgework theory and population health provide a holistic approach to a complicated issue.  This model can be applied to many post-secondary institutions and the concluding  guidelines to support a campus alcohol strategy are tools to assist in the implementation.

abstract: Sociology


title: From despotism to democracy: The La Follette Committee and the long struggle for industrial democracy

contributor:
Lyon, Abby (author)
(Dennis, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: This thesis examines the formation and investigations of the La Follette Civil  Liberties Committee, a creation of the New Deal and an ally of the labor movement.  Traditionally, historians have emphasized the committee’s contribution to the defense of  civil liberties and labor rights. Its significance, however, is not limited to these  accomplishments. More than an investigatory body that exposed social injustice, the  committee was a key instrument in promoting the broader vision of social democratic  reform that has typically been associated with the CIO and the liberal-labor organizations  of the “popular front.” Despite the committee’s pivotal role in social reform, its  contributions and legacy have been largely overlooked. It played a major role in helping  to advance the goals of the labor movement as well as Roosevelt’s ideal of “economic  democracy.” In a theoretical sense it sought to ‘de-commodify’ labor and free those that  had previously been subject to the caprices of the free market. More than anything else,  the committee challenged the dominance of corporate interests and sought to redefine  liberty outside of the prerogatives of private economic power. In challenging these  interests, however, the La Follette Committee gained powerful enemies. As the reforming  impulse of the New Deal declined, the committee fell victim to these challenges from the  right.

abstract: History & Classics


title: The effect of ankle taping on dominant and non-dominant legs’ lower limb muscle activation patterns during unanticipated cutting maneuvers on artificial field-turf

contributor:
Stebeleski, Laura (author)
(Landry, Scott) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Ankle sprains are the most widely experienced debilitating injury, with sporting  maneuvers increasing this risk in the athletic population. Ankle taping has been  implemented as a prevention method for ankle sprains during athletic events. The  purpose of this study was to establish the effect of tape application on the timing and  magnitudes of the activation patterns of muscles crossing the ankle joint during  unanticipated side-cutting maneuvers. Electromyography was used to measure the muscle  activity of five main muscles crossing the ankle joint on male football players during  side-cutting maneuvers. A two-way mixed model ANOVA was used to test for a taping,  leg, and interaction effect. Bonferroni corrected post-hoc pairwise comparisons were used  if an interaction effect was identified. All the muscles were tested for a magnitude effect  (PC1) and a phase shift effect (PC2). The only statistically significant finding was in the  activation timing of the peroneus longus muscle (PC2). This significant finding was an  interaction effect with pairwise comparisons demonstrating that taping was associated  with a greater activation magnitude during early stance and a lower magnitude during late  stance for the non-dominant leg compared to the dominant leg. Taping appears to alter  the timing of the peroneus longus muscle during cutting maneuvers, along with its role in  mechanical stabilization. Previous studies suggest earlier activation of the peroneus  longus compared to other muscles crossing the ankle joint during sports maneuvers. The  main role of tape is to decrease excessive range of motion, where the primary role of the  peroneus longus is to resist ankle inversion. Further investigation into the timing of the  peroneus longus concerning tape application and leg dominance are recommended to  better understand the role of tape in the prevention of ankle sprains.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Monstrosity as vitality: Affirming Mary Shelley's visionary conception of creation from 'Frankenstein' (1818) to Danny Boyle's theatrical adaptation (2011)

contributor:
Fournier, Alexandra (author)
(Saklofske, Jon) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: For nearly two hundred years, the story of Victor Frankenstein and his unnamed creation  has never been put to rest – although Mary Shelley’s tale has been condensed to reductive  simplicity and misinterpreted in a vast number of ways, it has nonetheless been kept  alive. Like the Creature – the composite being who is given life within Frankenstein –  Shelley’s novel possesses an unnatural life, a peculiar vitality that has ensured its survival  despite its many configurations and disfigurations over the past two centuries. Shelley’s  use of the epithet “hideous progeny” in her 1831 introduction to Frankenstein likens her  literary creation to the ugly Creature within the pages of her novel through an allusion to  childbirth. In so doing, she weaves together the roles of author, mother, and creator, thus  hinting at not only the composite nature of her novel and Frankenstein’s ugly creation,  but also of creation itself. Shelley therefore refashions monstrosity as something made  up of several pieces and embraces this composite interpretation of monstrosity in her  visionary conception of creation. This thesis argues that Mary Shelley’s ideas and  practices of creation that depend upon and produce composite monstrosity in the plot and  in the creation of her novel account for the story’s overall vitality. More importantly, it  anticipates our twenty-first century acceptance and celebration of composite creativity as  shown through both the relation between the characters in the story and the  interrelationships between Shelley’s novel and Danny Boyle’s 2011 theatrical adaptation.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Así es: The experience of the Latino population in the United States Criminal Justice System

contributor:
Cobb, Kathleen (author)
(Thomson, Tony) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: The Latino population is the largest minority in the United States. Latinos are also  overrepresented in the United States Criminal Justice System. This thesis discusses the  social aspects that might predispose this population to overrepresentation in the Criminal  Justice System as well as their experience within it as a significant minority. According to  Cohen (1997), analysis of deviants involves understanding the intersection of structure,  culture, and biography. Through an analysis and review of secondary sources, this thesis  highlights the disadvantaged status of a large portion of the Latino population in the  United States as well as their unique circumstances in relation to the Criminal Justice  System – primarily their minority language and culture. An analysis of an autobiography  by a Mexican-American gang member, Always Running by Luis J. Rodriguez,  complements the literature review to present a three-dimensional picture of the Latino  population. A number of sociological theories detail the structural and cultural roots of  the enhanced criminal activity in the Latino population and describe unique issues  encountered by the Latino population. This thesis concludes by discussing possible  programs to be implemented within the Criminal Justice System as well as the  incorporation of asset-based community development initiatives within Latino  communities across the country.

abstract: Sociology


title: Examining the relationship among the components of behavioural and experiential self-regulation, goal proximity, and psychological well-being

contributor:
Sawler, Ryan (author)
(Horvath, Peter) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: The present study examined the effects of the relationships between behavioural self-regulation,  experiential self-regulation, and goal proximity on psychological well-being  through the use of hierarchical multiple regression. Given past research, it was expected  that behavioural self-regulation would best predict positive well-being over the short-term  (Bandura & Schunk, 1981; Karoly, 1970, Kocovski & Endler, 2000b, Latham &  Seijts, 1999), while self-determination theory, or experiential self-regulation, would best  predict good mental health over the long-term (Barbeau, Sweet, & Fortier, 2010; Ratelle,  Vellerand, Chantal, & Provencher, 2004; Trope & Liberman, 2010; Williams et al.,  1998). The associations between the regulatory components were also examined through  the use of factor analysis to see if they mapped onto the proposed theoretical constructs.  The results indicated that behavioural self-regulation is most beneficial over the short-term  as expected, though goal proximity appeared to be less relevant for benefits through  experiential self-regulation. Three factors emerged from the factor analysis, one  behavioural factor and two factors representing the two experiential components.  Keywords: Behavioural self-regulation, experiential self-regulation, self-determination  theory, psychological well-being.

abstract: Psychology


title: Internal colonialism in Canada: Residential schools and their legacy

contributor:
MacLean, Miranda (author)
(Powers, Ann Marie) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: This thesis uses internal colonialism to explore residential schools in Canada for First  Nations children. It includes how residential schools came into existence, what occurred  at residential schools, the legacy of residential schools, and possible ways of healing from  them. This is a library thesis primarily using secondary sources with First Nations peoples’  insights. Residential schools were a source of great pain for First Nations peoples and  their legacy lives on in First Nations communities. Information on the schools must be  made common knowledge for everyone in society in order to have support and healing  from the trauma they created.

abstract: Sociology


title: Black listed: The barriers affecting African Nova Scotians and university enrollment

contributor:
Bainomugisha, Enoka (author)
(Abramson, Zelda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: This study assesses the experiences African Nova-Scotian students face in their pursuit of  post-secondary education through a case study of African Nova Scotians at Acadia  University. Paul Willis’ learning to labour theory, Patricia Hill-Collins’ Black standpoint  theory and bell hooks’ theories on race and self-esteem, are used as complementary  theoretical frameworks. By conducting four semi-structured interviews, I identified  factors that enabled African Nova Scotians students to attend Acadia University. My  research found that university attendance was strongly influenced by a parent or parental  figure that attended university. The parental figure(s) emphasized the importance of  education more than any teacher or their members of the communities from which they  hailed. As well, athletics played a significant role in why some African Nova Scotians  attended university as it provided added incentive to attend university - financial benefits  through scholarships. To address the under-representations of African Nova Scotians in  post-secondary education I recommend funding for African Nova Scotian community  organizations who aid in African Nova Scotian social and academic support as well as the  implementation of a transitional year programme.

abstract: Sociology


title: The adequacy of texture modified menus in long-term care facilities in Nova Scotia with relation to Canada's Food Guide

contributor:
Biden, Catherine (author)
(Durant, Matthew A.) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) has been the standard for food group recommendations since 1942 and is the foundation for many institutions’ foodservice guidelines. While CFG remains the standard for long-term care facilities guidelines, the usefulness when combined with texture modified diet orders is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of texture modified menu offerings in minced and pureed form in relation to CFG. Menus were collected from 34 facilities across Nova Scotia with 20 or more residents who offered texture modified diets and were reviewed using a tool developed by the principal investigator. The average offerings across facilities were analyzed using a non-parametric Sign test for both ground and pureed textures. All menu offerings across both textures and all facilities were significantly different than the recommendations in CFG, and fruits and vegetables and grains food groups were significantly below the recommendations. These results show that texture modified diets frequently fall short of meeting the CFG recommendations. This is of significant concern as the elderly population in Canada is increasing quickly. Texture modified diets are becoming increasingly common and focus should be driven towards improving their palatability, energy and protein content, and consistency as food and nutrition play a role in quality of life, especially in long-term care dwelling seniors. Further evaluation of consumption versus meal offerings and nutrient analysis of menu offerings would present more insight into the nutritional status of seniors in institutionalized care.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: Blood Lines

contributor:
Galambos, Jennifer (author)
(Campbell, Wanda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: This creative thesis, Blood Lines, is a collection of thirty-one poems that belong to the Canadian tradition of the documentary poem and the need to seek out one’s roots by uncovering the fragments of history. The poems are inspired by the stories and lives of the people in my family, and have been divided into four sections: Navigation, Evolution, War and Souvenir. Written in free verse, the poems explore the lives of immigrants, soldiers, farmers, lovers and dreamers as they move across distance and through time. Photographs are included beside poems or behind them to create a dialogue between image and word.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: The inaccessibility of accessible playgrounds: An evaluation of the effectiveness of existing playgrounds

contributor:
Walsh, Lauren K (author)
(Seaman, Roxanne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Studies have shown that children with disabilities are less physically active than their peers, but playgrounds may provide a feasible solution to this problem. However, mastering the physical and social environment of a playground may be difficult for children with disabilities, so they are often excluded from these opportunities. The purpose of this study was to critically examine the usability of three accessible playgrounds, and to gather the experiences of children with disabilities while using these playgrounds. A child with cerebral palsy and her parents, as well as the mother of a child with a visual impairment agreed to participate in this study. Semi-structured interviews were used to gain insight into the barriers that children with disabilities may face on the three playgrounds. The results of this study show that all three of the playgrounds still contain significant barriers for children with disabilities. Although two out of the three playgrounds met the Canadian standards for accessible playgrounds, the results of the interviews show that just meeting the guidelines is not enough. Additionally, the analysis of the interviews led to the emergence of three primary themes: (a) a desire for independence; (b) a concern for safety; and (c) the idea that small changes can make a big difference. To increase the inclusion of children with disabilities on the playground, it is suggested that the design of playgrounds is approached from a universal design perspective. Universal designs challenge the disabling attitudes of society by creating spaces and products that can be used by anyone without adaptation or modification. A playground that allows all children to fully participate in play activities, regardless of their ability level, will foster a positive and inclusive environment.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Determining if ex situ, in situ or one month captive reared  Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) hatchlings are more robust

contributor:
Pitts, Wesley D. (author)
(Mockford, Steve) (Thesis advisor)
(Lefebvre, Jose) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) are an endangered species of turtle in Nova  Scotia. One of the approaches to conservation and management in this population has  been headstarting. Headstarting is the process of raising neonatal turtles in captivity to  further growth, whether from incubated eggs, or wild individuals. This process is both  time consuming and expensive. This experiment tests whether there is a benefit from ex  situ (away from natural environment) incubation alone, without raising the hatchlings in  captivity. Eggs were collected from 12 randomly selected nests and evenly distributed  between incubators at 29.5°C and 27.5°C. An additional 14 nests were protected with  wire mesh covered wooden frames in the wild. After hatching or emerging from the nest,  hatchlings were measured and weighed. A self-righting test and predator response test  were performed. Half of the incubated hatchlings were released immediately after  testing, and half were captive-reared for approximately one month, then re-measured and  tested before being released. Ex situ incubated hatchlings were significantly slower in  both the self-righting and predator response tests than in situ (in natural environment)  incubated and captive-reared hatchlings. These results suggest that there is no fitness  benefit to ex situ incubation alone.

abstract: Biology


title: Development of an online partial extraction method for geochemical exploration

contributor:
Thurber, Lynsay M. (author)
(Murimboh, John) (Thesis advisor)
(Stanley, Cliff) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: An online partial extraction method was developed and applied to soil samples collected from the Walton Tennycape Mn mine which contains a mineral deposit of Cu, Zn, and Pb. Soil samples were collected from the B-horizon along a 750 m traverse in the direction of NNW-SSE near the Mn mine. Online partial extractions were conducted using DI water, 0.001 M NaCl, and 0.001 M CaCl2 with detection by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results were compared to those obtained by traditional batch partial extractions.  Extractions with DI water and NaCl demonstrated similar results. Exponential rise behaviour was observed for pH < 5 and peak maximum behaviour was observed for pH > 5. Between pH 5 and 6, transitional behaviour was observed which was characterized by exponential rise behaviour for Fe and peak maximum behaviour for Zn and Pb. Two types of behaviour were observed during the CaCl2 extractions: exponential rise behaviour for pH < 5 and decreasing concentration behaviour for Zn and Pb for pH > 5.  Batch partial extractions were more reproducible than the online partial extractions; however, online partial extractions were found to have the advantage of higher geochemical contrast. The results indicate that DI water was the best reagent for online partial extractions as it does not suffer from polyatomic interferences and the buildup of salt inherent with the use of NaCl and CaCl2 and it avoids problems related to flocculation that were observed with CaCl2. It was not possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the extracting agents due to the presence of high levels of calcite near the zone of mineralization.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Simulation of transmission electron microscopy diffraction patterns

contributor:
Bauer, Michael (author)
(Robertson, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the only instrument for studying the phys-  ical, compositional, optical and electronic structure of materials at sub-nanometre  length scales. However, TEM images and di raction patterns are often not easily  interpretable and rigorous numerical simulation work is required to extract as much  information as possible from the data. The goal of this project is to design and code  a program that will, in the Bloch-wave formalism, calculate the Bloch-wave basis  states, the atomic potential map, and the electron di raction pattern, for any crys-  talline structure at any zone-axis orientation. The contribution of this work to the  overall project has been the automated selection of di raction beams used to form  the Bloch-wave basis states, as well as incorporating crystallographic transformations  so that di raction patterns of 3D crystals from various coordinate systems can be  projected onto a 2D Cartesian plane for calculation and viewing. In order to test the  program, di raction patterns from arti cial test crystals with known solutions were  compared to expected results. As well, application to  ve real crystals: Au, Si, MnSi,  Mn5Si3, Mn4Si7 will be presented. Furthermore, comparison to several experimental  patterns of MnSi will be shown.

abstract: Physics


title: Do cortisol levels vary with depression, anxiety and ADHD symptoms pre and post probiotic intervention?

contributor:
Buote, Lauren C. (author)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: The relation between salivary cortisol levels and psychiatric symptoms post-probiotic and  placebo intervention was studied in adults with anxiety and negative mood, and children  with ADHD and anxiety symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned to conditions,  and consumed either a probiotic or placebo powder daily. Next was a washout period,  and a second intervention phase, where participants received whichever powder they had  not taken already. Cortisol samples and mental health symptom measures were collected  at baseline, and at the end of each phase. Saliva samples were collected from 49 adult  participants, and 11 children. Results were inconsistent with the hypothesis that cortisol  levels would decrease after probiotic intervention in those with anxiety and/or mood  symptoms, but increase in those with ADHD symptoms. Results showed a general trend  of increasing cortisol levels across conditions in all groups. However, the changes were  non-significant. The hypothesis that cortisol levels would positively correlate with mental  health symptoms was also not supported; instead, cortisol levels were negatively  correlated with anxiety symptoms in adults, and no significant correlations were found in  children.

abstract: Psychology


title: Dogs at the Gate

contributor: MacEachern, Meredith Elizabeth LeMoine (author)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: Dogs at the Gate is a five-part novella following the progression of a smallpox  epidemic in modern-day Quebec City, through the eyes of university student Lise Lavoie.  Over the course of the novella, Lise, an introverted girl with paranoid schizophrenia, is  forced into a position of responsibility when the epidemic takes its toll. As she begins to  care for her three neighbours—Mathias, a paramedic broken down by the ravages of the  disease; Lango, Lise’s only friend, who lives with AIDS; and Elva, an elderly woman  dying of cancer—Lise develops a resiliency and strength, despite being haunted by her  own illness and the mounting paranoia of a suffering community.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: The development of an ERP response reflecting phoneme awareness

contributor:
Hicks, Sarah J. (author)
(Newman, Randy Lynn) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: The purpose of this study was to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying phoneme awareness using event related potentials (ERPs). Past research indicated that phoneme awareness typically develops along with reading instruction. Therefore, three groups were tested: pre-readers (~4 yrs), emergent readers (5-6 yrs), and early fluent readers (7-8 yrs). Participants completed a picture-word matching task, where a picture (e.g., CONE) was followed by a spoken word that matched (e.g., cone) or mismatched the picture in one of two ways: rhyme (CONE-bone) mismatch or unrelated (CONE-fox) mismatch. ERP data focused on the phonological mapping negativity (PMN), a response shown to be associated with the processing of phoneme information. Consistent with predictions, there was no discernable PMN in the pre-readers, whereas the emergent readers showed a PMN in the rhyme mismatch condition. While the early fluent readers showed PMN responses in both mismatch conditions, they were not significantly different from the match condition, due to small sample size (n = 7). Overall, these preliminary results suggest that the PMN develops along with the onset of reading instruction; however, if significant differences between groups are to be observed more participants are required.  Keywords: Event-Related Potentials (ERP), phonological mapping negativity (PMN), segmental, suprasegmental, children, prereaders, emergent readers, early fluent readers

abstract: Psychology


title: Exploring the behaviours of young children with autism spectrum disorder in a motor development program

contributor:
Thomas, Nadine P. (author)
(Seaman, Roxanne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore behaviours and motor skills through the  use of a sensory motor program for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Over  an eight-week time period, participants were observed of their participation in the  Sensory Motor Instructional Leadership Experience (S.M.I.L.E.), a motor development  program. Semi-structured interviews were used to gain insight into parents’/guardians’  and instructors’ perspectives on each participant with themes including: (a) behaviours;  (b) motor skills; (c) program progression; and (d) likes/dislikes. Finally, information was  gathered from history records through the S.M.I.L.E. program. It was found that children  with ASD experience delays in motor development and demonstrate behaviours that  prevent them from achieving a successful experience. These results indicate that children  with ASD would benefit from designated quiet spaces with limited distractions that  promote choice, exploration, and success.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Use of vibration training to enhance muscular strength and power in athletes

contributor:
MacNeill, Meaghan T. (author)
(Fowles, Jonathon) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: Whole body vibration (WBV) training is a new technology that is said to result in  similar physiological adaptations as found with resistance and plyometric training. WBV  has recently been considered as a warm-up modality, with athletes showing increased  strength and power post-exercise with WBV. A review of available literature indicates  that dynamic exercise paired with WBV positively influences strength and power,  commonly measured using a vertical jump test. The literature also suggests that a  secondary effect of WBV training may be increased flexibility. The mechanisms believed  to play a major role in the physiological adaptations that result from WBV training are  post-activation potentiation (PAP) and the tonic vibration reflex (TVR), though more  research is needed to identify the existence and role of these physiological mechanisms  with WBV training as well as performance improvements. Consequently, this study  concurrently tested for performance effects by analyzing vertical jump, and muscle  stimulation data, aiming to validate the existence of physiological mechanisms. We  observed that performance did improve over time, demonstrating a significant effect for  time in both the vibration and control conditions. We also observed an interaction with  condition and time for twitch data, indicating a slightly depressed twitch force following  vibration relative to control. Future research should aim to test performance and muscle  stimulation changes concurrently while avoiding fatigue.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Communication in home healthcare for seniors

contributor:
Ali, Nicole S. (author)
(Leiter, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: Through sixteen interviews with eleven paid caregivers and five unpaid caregivers, it was found that communication between paid and unpaid caregivers was quite positively viewed from both sides. However, communication between the different agencies involved was not as positive as some believed it could be. In particular, communication between employees working for the district’s health authority (DHA) and employees working for a private healthcare provider (PHP) was lacking. Several paid caregivers expressed a desire for a comprehensive electronic health record that would be accessible by all of the paid caregivers involved with a client, allowing easier access to, and more reliable dissemination of, information. Attitudes towards using video-conferencing as a means of communication were somewhat mixed, although this form of communication was being used already between a seniors’ team within the DHA.  Keywords: communication, electronic health records, electronic patient records, formal caregivers, healthcare, homecare, home healthcare, informal caregivers, online health records, online patient records, paid caregivers, seniors, unpaid caregivers, video-conferencing

abstract: Psychology


title: Making an impact by having no impact: Stress, depression and unhealthy lifestyles as barriers to environmental behaviours and behaviour change

contributor:
Hachey, Emma L. (author)
(Bolton, Amanda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: This study addressed mental and physical health as barriers to pro-environmental  behaviours (EB) and behaviour change (EBC) in 125 Acadia University students during a  three-phase longitudinal study. Participants completed No Impact Week, a week-long pro-environmental  behaviour modification program. Stress and depression were measured to  assess mental health and healthiness of lifestyle for physical health. EBs were measured  immediately before, immediately after, and two months after No Impact Week to assess  initial behaviour change, behaviour maintenance, and overall behaviour change. It was  found that initial stress, depression, and lifestyle scores were significant barriers to initial  pro-environmental behaviours and initial behaviour change. Initial depression scores  were significantly negatively correlated with environmental behaviour maintenance. No  further results were found to suggest that mental/physical health were barriers to EB or  EBC in the study.  Keywords: Pro-Environmental Behaviours, Behaviour Change, Barriers, Stress,  Depression, Health

abstract: Psychology


title: Ancient technology: Amazonian dark earths

contributor:
Kelly, Ciaran (author)
(Duke, David) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: Terra preta de Indio, Portuguese for Indian Black Earth, is an anthropogenic soil  found deep within the Amazon Basin. The rediscovery of terra preta and its sister soil  terra mulatta have redefined the population theories of Amazonia prior to its discovery by  Europeans. These soils have shown exceptional fertility despite being surrounded by  nutrient poor, dry and acidic soil. They are associated with long term settlement sites and  are often characterized by human artifacts. The extent to which terra preta and terra  mulatta are spread have led to the theoretical models that posit that these soils were not  only anthropogenic, but were intentionally developed to circumvent the environmental  limitations of Amazonia’s poor soil.  The modern rediscovery of terra preta has led to the academic movement, Terra  Preta Nova, started by Wim Sombroek. This purpose of the movement is to use terra  preta and its associated soils to reclaim or improve soil fertility around the planet. This  paper examines the viability of terra preta, and its major ingredient biochar, for use in  Sub-Saharan Africa, an area often considered to be the most food impoverished on Earth.  Sub-Saharan Africa possesses identical soil types to those found in Amazonia and  appears to be the perfect area for the introduction of terra preta and biochar. The  aforementioned soil could potentially improve soil fertility, decrease erosion and reduce  Sub-Saharan agricultural dependency on imported, expensive fertilizers. Biochar also  acts as a carbon sink and could therefore play a role in carbon sequestration and,  therefore, the mitigation of climate change.

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: Population demographics of longfin squid, Loligo pealeii, in the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Keays, Laura A. (author)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: Longfin squid, Loligo pealeii, is a commercially important species that is found along the east coast of North and Central America, and in the Western Atlantic Ocean. There has been little to no research done on longfin squid in the Minas Basin and surrounding area. Typically, squid abundance increases inshore during the early summer due to spawning activity (squid egg masses known as “mops” are present) and is highest toward the continental shelf during winter months. Longfin squid were collected from a commercial intertidal weir in the Minas Basin between June and August 2014. Fin length, mantle length, arm length, tentacle length and weight were recorded for up to 50 squid per tide, and any remaining squid were simply counted. These data were used to describe weight-length relationships, body morphometrics, and patterns of abundance and size in relation to residency timing. Morphometric analysis shows that longfin squid grow allometrically, becoming thinner as they grow, and also suggests that a small proportion of squid in this area are shortfin squid (Illex illecebrosus). A better understanding of the basic characteristics of long-finned squid in the Minas Basin will benefit future research projects and provide information for those involved in the management of the commercial and recreational fisheries.

abstract: Biology