title: The Geochemical Nature of an Archean Plutonic-Volcanic Suite as Exemplified by the Kakagi-Stephen Lakes Area, N.W. Ontario

contributor:
Crocket, J. H.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
The major and trace element geochemistry together with the Rb-Sr isotopic data indicate the Stephen Lake Pluton and Kakagi Lake volcanic suite to be possible differentiates of parent magmas of similar composition.

A co-magmatic origin of plutonic and volcanic felsic rocks is weakly suggested by normative mineral differentiation trends, major element similarities, K/Rb, Rb/Sr and Rb/Sr/Ba ratios and by differences in K, Rb, Ba and Zr contents.

Sr isotopic analysis reveals that the Stephen Lake Pluton possesses an initial ratio of 0.7015 ± 0.0007 and an isochron age of 2534 ± 96 Ma. The low initial ratio reflects a basaltic magma source and the introduction of new material into the crust at this time. The Kakagi Lake acid volcanic suite scatters about a reference isochron of 2600 Ma with a low initial ratio. The distinctive low initial ratios of both the pluton and the volcanics are strongly suggestive of a percentage of similar composition.

Comparison with surrounding granitoid plutons of the same age suggest the source region was heterogeneous with Rb/Sr ratios ranging from 0.020 to 0.035.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Lewis acid properties of the XeF⁺ cation and its adducts with organic nitrogen bases

contributor:
Schrobilgen, G.J.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
This thesis describes the synthesis and spectroscopic characterizaton of noble-gas compounds containing Xe-N bonds in solution by multinuclear magnetic resonance (multi-NMR) spectroscopy and in the solid state by low-temperature Raman spectroscopy.

The present work represents an extension of noble-gas chemistry, and in particular, the synthesis of novel xenon-nitrogen bonded compounds. The key synthetic approach invovles the interaction of the Lewis acid XeF+ with an organic nitrogen Lewis base, where the organic nitrogen base must be resistant to oxidation by the XeF+ cation. Hydrogen Cyanide, alkyl nitriles, perfluorophenyl nitrile and perffluoropyridine derivatives were investigated as potential ligands for xenon(II). The electron lone pairs of nitriles and perfluoropyridines have been shown to interact with the Lewis acid XeF+ resulting in the cations RC≡N-XeF+ (R=H, CH3, CH2F, CH2Cl, C2H5, CH2FCH2, n-C3H7, CH2FCH2CH2, CH3CHFCH2, CHF2CH2CH2, CH3CF2CH2, n-C4H9, CH3CHFCH2CH2, (CH3)2CH, (CH3)3C, FCH2C(CH3)H, ClCH2C(CH3)H and C6F5) and RfC5F4N-XeF+ (Rf=F, 2-CF3, 3-CF3, 4-CF3). These cations have been charaterized in HF and/or BrF5 by 129Xe, 19F, 15N, 14N, 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by low temperature Raman spectroscopy.

The hydrogen cyanida, alkyl nitriles and perfluorophenyl nitrile adducts represent the first examples of xenon bonded to nitrogen that is formally sp hybridized. The perfluoropyridine adducts are the first examples of xenon bonded to aromatic rings.

The thermal stabilities of RC≡N-XeF+AsF6- salts have been examined by warming HF solutions of RC≡N (R=H, CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7 and n-C4H9) and XeF+AsF6- for several hours at room temperature. The stabilities of RC≡N-XeF+AsF6-salts with respect to alkyl chain fluorination depends on the chain-length of the alkyl group , decreasing in the order: n-C4H9C≡N>n-C3H7C≡N>HC≡N>C2H5C≡N>CH3C≡N.

The decomposition products of HC≡N-XeF+ have been characterized by 1H, 13C, 15N, 14N, and 19F NMR spectroscopy, for natural abundance 99.3% 13C-enriched [13C]HC≡N-XeF+AsF6- and 99.7% 15N-enriched [15N]HC≡N-XeF+AsF6-. Among the decomposition products that were identified were CF3H, CF4, CF3NH3+, CF2=NH2+ and HFC=NH2+. The NMR spectra of HC≡N recorded at -15°C in HF after warming for 7 days at room temperature indicate that one species, CHF2NH3+, was formed, which presumable arises from the stepwis addition of HF.

The solvolytic behaviours of the adducts salts, RC≡N-XeF+AsF6-, have also been studied in anhydrous HF solvent. The decomposition of the nitrile adducts cations CH3(CH2)nC≡N-XeF+ (n=0-3) have been monitored in HF solution by multi-NMR spectroscopy. The rate of fluorination of the alkyl chain was shown to increase with increasing chain length, where the degree of fluorination increases at the alkyl carbons in the order β<γ<δ, with no fluorination being observed at the α-Carbon. A parallel study of the alkyl nitriles RC≡N (R=CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7 and n-C4H9) in HF showed the fluorination produces are significantly different. The reaction mechanisms of the flourination reactions have been proposed, i.e., the former is a radical-substitution reactions and the latter is an addition reaction and dimerization.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THE α-HYDROXYALKYL DIAZENES AND THE α-HYDROPEROXYALKYL DIAZENES AS SOURCES OF RADICALS FOR THE KINETIC STUDIES OF SOME RADICAL-MOLECULE REACTIONS IN SOLUTION

contributor:
Warkentin, John
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
α-Hydroxyalkyl diazenes and -hydroperoxyallcyl diaz.enes are known for a long time
as initiators for fn:e radical polymerization. Their application as suitable radical precursors for kinetic studies such as the radical-molecule and radical-radical reactions are not well-exploited. This thesis deals mainly with the rate constants for a number of radical-molecule reactions studied by generating radicals in solution from suitable radical
precursors mentioned above. The initiation mechanism for the decomposition of
a-hydroxyalkyl diazenes was also investigated.

Alkyl(1-hydroperoxy-1-methylethyl)diazenes (154) [(CH₃)₂C(OOH)N=NR] a, R = c-C₃H₅-CH₂; b,R = c-C₃H₅-CD₂; c, R = CH₂=CH-(CH₂)₃-CH₂; d, R =CH₃(CH₂)₂-CH₂ and phenyl(1-hydroperoxy-1-methylethyl)diazene (l54e) were prepared in solution by autoxidation of the corresponding hydrazones of acetone. They (154a-e) were converted to the corresponding alkyl(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)diazene (155a-d) and
phenyl(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)diazene (155e) by reduction with biphenyl phosphine.

The radical chain decomposition of 5-hexenyl(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)diazene
(155c) in carbon tetrachloride and product analysis gave the rate constant for chlorine
abstraction by the S-hexenyl radical. The rate constant was calculated from the product
composition and the known rate constant for the cyclization of the S-hexenyl radical. For the
temperature range 274-353 K, the rate constant is given by log(kᴄʟ/M⁻¹s⁻¹) = (8.4 ± 0.3) - (6.2 ± 0.4)/θ, where θ = 2.3 kca/mol, which leads to kᴄʟ(²⁵°c) = 7.2 x 10³ M⁻¹s⁻¹.

Rearrangement of cyclopropylmethyl radical to the but-3-enyl radical was used to
clock bromine and iodine abstraction reactions from a number of substrates. Cyclopropylmethyl(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)diazene (155a) was used as the source for cyclopropylmcthyl radical.

Decomposition of 155a in hexafluorobenzene or in dichloromethane containing bromotrichloromethane, and product analysis enabled the calculation of the rate constant (kʙᵣ) for bromine abstraction by cyclopropylmethyl radicals from bromotrichloromethane. The rate constant was calculated from the product composition and from the known rate constant for the isomerization of the cydopropylmethyl radical. For the temperature range 253-341 K, the rate constant is given by log (kʙᵣ/M⁻¹ s⁻¹) = 9.75 - 2.11/θ, where θ = 2.3 RT kcal/mol, which gives kʙᵣ =2 x 10⁸ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 25°C.

Rate constants (kʙᵣ) for bromine abstractions and the rate constants (kɪ) for iodine
abstractions from various substrates were also determined by the use of the
cyclopropylmethyl clock. The rate constants (in M⁻¹ s⁻¹ units) at 80ºC are: kʙᵣ(CHBᵣ₃) = 2.86 x 10⁷; kʙᵣ(CHCl₂ʙᵣ) = 1.07 x 10⁷; kɪ(CH₂I₂) = 2.63 x 10⁷; kɪ(CH₃I) = 3.9 x 10⁶; kɪ(C₆H₅CH₂I) = 1/2 x 10⁸, kɪ((CH₃)₂CHI) = 1.4 x 10⁷; kɪ(CF₃CH₂I) = 6.6 x 10⁶; kɪ((CH₃)₃CI) = 6.5 x 10⁷.

Non-chain decomposition of 155d and 155e in solutions containing bromonitrichloromethane and I,I,3,3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl (86) afforded butyl
bromide and bromobenzene, in yields determined by the concenlrations of 86 and BrCCl₃. From product yields and from the known rate constants for coupling of radicals with 86, the rate constants for the attack (at 80ºC) of butyl (kʙᵣ(ʙᵤ) = 0.26 x 10⁹ M⁻¹ s⁻¹) and phenyl (kʙᵣ(ph) = 1.55 x 10⁹ M⁻¹ s⁻¹) radicals were determined.

Generation of the deuterium-labelled cyclopropylmethyl radical (c-C₃H₅-CD₂) from 155b in a solution containing me spin trap, 1-methyl-4-nitroso-3,5-diphenylpyrazole (123),
resulted in the formation of the spin adducts, [1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl]-4-pyrazolyl-[1'-cyclopropyl-1',1'-dideuterio]methyl nitroxyl (190) and [1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl]-4-pyrazolyl-[4',4'-dideuterio-but-3-enyl] nitroxyl (191) radicals. From the relative
concentrations of the two spin adducts determined from esr spectral measurements, the rate
constant (kτ) for spin trapping was determined. For the temperature range 283-333 K, the rate
constant was calculated as log (kτ) =(10.4 ± 0.4) - (3.6 ± 0.5)/θ, where θ =2.3 RT kcal/mol, which gives kτ = 7.7 X 10⁷ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 40ºC.

The initiation mechanism for the decomposition of α-hydroxyalkyl diazene was
investigated using phenyl(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)diazene (155e). The results of various
kinetic studies strongly suggested that azocarbinols decompose by the reversible formation of
acetone and the 1-substituted-1-H diazene (197).

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Dermatan Sulfate: A New Concept in Antithrombotic Therapy

contributor:
Buchanan, M.R.
Physiology and Pharmacology

subject: Pharmacology Pharmacology

abstract:
This study was undertaken to explore the hypothesis
that dermatan sulfate, which catalyses thrombin inhibition by
heparin cofactor II, prevents thrombosis more effectively than
heparin, which catalyses thrombin inhibition by antithrombin
III. The rationale for this hypothesis is based upon three
general observations. First, higher doses of heparin are
required for the treatment of thrombus growth than are
required for the prevention of thrombus formation. Second,
thrombin bound to fibrin or to vessel wall components in vitro
is resistant to inhibition by heparin/antithrombin III.
Third, preliminary evidence indicates that the catalysis of
thrombin inhibition by antithrombin III-independent inhibitors
may be more effective than heparin/antithrombin III. The
results of this present study support the above hypothesis and
demonstrated that dermatan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan which
catalyses thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II,
inhibited i) thrombus formation, ii) thrombus growth, and iii)
acted synergistically with tPA to enhance thrombolysis, more
effectively than heparin. These effects were achieved with minimal detrimental side-effects. These results indicate that
dermatan sulfate is an effective antithrombotic agent and
support the conclusion that the catalysis of thrombin
inhibition by dermatan sulfate/heparin cofactor II provides
a more effective pathway for preventing thrombus formation and
thrombus growth than the catalysis of thrombin inhibition by
heparin/antithrombin III.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The role of Nerve Growth Factor in the Re-innervation of Denervated Skin By Sympathetic Nerves

abstract:
This thesis examines the nerve growth factor (NGF) dependency of collateral sprouting (the growth of undamaged axons) and axonal regeneration (the growth of damaged axons) by sympathetic nerves in the adult rat. Sympathetic pilomotor fields were revealed by the electrical stimulation of selected dorsal cutaneous nerves. After the removal of neighbouring nerves, sympathetic fibers underwent collateral sprouting, causing the pilomotor fields to expand into the surrounding deprived territory; this sprouting was completely blocked by polyclonal anti-NGF serum. Crushing a nerve eliminated its associated pilomotor field and evoked regeneration of sympathetic fibers. Anti-NGF treatment impaired neither the subsequent restoration of the pilomotor
field, nor its continued expansion into surrounding skin regions. A single 6-OHDA treatment, which destroys sympathetic terminals but leaves the axons damage-free, immediately eliminated or drastically reduced the size of pilomotor fields. The pilomotor field reestablished over the following 20 days, and if the surrounding nerves had
been surgically eliminated, they continued to expand into the surrounding denervated territory. Anti-NGF administration did not prevent the initial phase of pilomotor field recovery, but expansion ceased when the fields were about 60% of normal size. After mUltiple 6-OHDA injections however, the expansion was almost double this value before the anti-NGF treatment was able to halt it. It is concluded that, although the cellular mechanisms underlying neurite outgrowth are probably common to collateral sprouting and axonal regeneration, only the former is regUlated by NGF; the latter is driven by a NGFindependent "regeneration response" whose size is determined by the degree of axonal damage, and probably the degree of the associated cell body reaction.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Investigation of the Dimensions of School Change

contributor:
Gougeon, T.
Bohac-Clarke, V.
Webber, C.
Emes, C.

abstract:
The present study arose out of a need to describe more clearly the contextual and program dimensions of school change in an effort to yield a clearer understanding of the change phenomenon. The study was conducted at a secondary school in Alberta where the school staff worked at planning and implementing team-oriented and collaborative approaches to school policy development. An adapted case study approach using participant-observer research methodology was used in studying this change initiative.

Using Bolman and Deal's (1990) multi-frame theory of organizations as an analytical tool, a multiple-perspective description of each of four change dimensions (i.e., context, content, process, and outcomes) was constructed from the various data sources, including documents, interviews, and field observations. Qualitative analysis of the data yielded a description of the contextual landscape (the structural and cultural conditions at the school) in which change was attempted, together with a description of the process, content, and outcome dimensions of the change initiative. Using grounded theory research methodology, the study also examined the unique contexts created from the interaction of the properties of each of the change dimensions described. The result was the construction of a theoretical model of school change that places process, in the form of a combination of diverse leadership actions, at the heart of the change phenomenon, linking other dimensions into a coherent and dynamic whole.

The model illustrates the complex and dynamic nature of school change and the multiple leadership actions required to sustain such change. In the model, eight forms of leadership action were specified. These actions serve to link each of the change dimensions by determining the features of the context considered for change, possible outcomes, and the extent to which outcomes are integrated to form the school's new organizational context. The overall conclusion of the study was that the degree of success with change was dependent on the extent to which personnel at the school were willing and able to take responsibility for the leadership required to link each of the dimensions into a comprehensive change effort.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Dielectric and Ultrasonic Studies of Macromolecular Growth During Polymerization

contributor:
Johari, Gyan
Materials Science

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
Measurements by dielectric spectroscopy, ultrasonics and calorimetry ofseveral low viscosity monomeric liquids undergoing spontaneous chemical reaction, to form three new, linear chain polymers under isothermal conditions, have been used to determine how the number ofcovalent bonds formed during the growth of a linear chain affects the dielectric and ultrasonic properties, their respective relaxation times, and their spectral shape. The dielectric properties changed in the following manner. During this reaction, the static permittivity decreased and the relaxation time increased towards limiting values. As the number of covalent bonds increased towards the Avogadro number, the change in the complex permittivity as measured for a fixed frequency was phenomenologically similar to that observed on varying the frequency, although the exact formalisms in both cases differed. In both cases the relaxation function could be well described by a stretched exponential or sum ofexponentials, characterized by a temperature and system dependent exponent that decreased as the state of the system changed from a monomeric liquid to a fully reacted polymer. At later stages of chemical reaction a second relaxation process at higher frequencies is revealed. The dielectric manifestation of the irreversible process of covalent bond formation is remarkably similar to that observed on supercooling a molecular or polymeric liquid.

Longitudinal velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves travelling through the three molecular liquids at different temperatures have been measured as its molecules combine irreversibly to form large entities and thereby decrease the diffusivity and increase the configurational restrictions to their dynamics. From these data, the longitudinal modulus and compliance are calculated, and the molecular relaxation time and related properties are deduced and interpreted in terms ofthe number of covalent bonds formed, by a formalism that connects the size ofthe molecules in the liquid with its elastic behaviour. This relaxation time increases monotonically with increase in the molecule's size, tending to infinity as the number ofcovalent bonds formed approaches Avogadro's number. The complex plane plots ofthe modulus and compliance have a shape which is described by a skewed arc function, with a temperature dependent exponent ϒ, that ranges in values from 0.33- 0.31 for modulus and 0.39-0.45 for compliance. Departure from this shape is shown to be due to contributions from non-zero shear viscosity for relatively small size of molecules, and contributions from a faster, or sub Tg-relaxation process when the molecular size is large, which is similar to the behaviour for the dielectric properties. Simulation of the data suggests that this sub Tg-relaxation process, which is progressively more separated from the main relaxation process as the molecular size increases, contributes significantly to the high frequency elastic properties. The measured longitudinal modulus has been deconvoluted to show that the increase in the bulk modulus, and not the shear modulus, dominates the elastic properties when the molecular size increases. Comparison ofthe calculated relaxation times for the longitudinal modulus and compliance with the dielectric relaxation time show that the compliance and dielectric data change in a remarkably similar manner with increasing time of chemical reaction, which is unexpected owing to their different mechanisms.

In the last part of this work, the dipolar diffusion in the glassy and supercooled liquid states of 9 additional molecular liquids and oftheir linear chain or network polymerized states formed by condensation-polymerization at different temperatures and times have been studied by measuring the dielectric properties for a fixed ac frequency of 1 kHz. The study showed that as the extent of polymerization increased with increasing isothermal temperature of polymerization, the sub-Tg relaxation peak due to localized molecular motions in the molecular state became gradually extinct, and a corresponding peak at a higher temperature evolved and reached its maximum height. The temperature of the sub-Tg relaxation peak in the polymerized state differed from that of the α-relaxation peak of the supercooled molecular liquid by as much as 70K, but, in several cases, the two temperatures were similar. Reasons for the latter occurrence are given in phenomenogical terms. It is concluded that the localized relaxation modes of the polar segments of the macromolecule are not related to the modes of molecular diffusion in the monomeric liquid state above its Tg. The localized relaxation characteristic of the glassy molecular state persists in the incompletely polymerized state, where it is seen as a ϒ-relaxation.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: GEOLOGICAL AND STABLE ISOTOPE STUDIES OF CARBONATE- HOSTED LEAD ZINC DEPOSITS IN NANISIVIK, NORTHERN BAFFIN ISLAND, N.W.T., CANADA

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
The Nanisiyik deposits located in Northern Baffin Island, are stratabound dolostone-hosted sulfide deposits which display many similarities to Mississippi Valley Type ore deposits.

The sulfide mineralization is contained within the upper member of Proterozoic Society Cliffs Formation which is mainly composed of algal laminated dolostones. The host rocks
are pervasively dolomitized. The Society Cliffs carbonate sequence acquired its host capability due to extensive dolomitization and accompanied karstification. This process may have also contributed to the metal content of the pore fluids. The occurrence of fracture-filling luminescent-banded dolomite cements produced by ascending warm fluids prior to and partly concurrent with sulfide occurrence have caused the occlusion of porosity.

During mineralization, host rock dissolution occurred in the ore site, indicating addition of acid to the fluids by reduction of sulfate by organic materials at the ore site and in part by sulfide precipitation. As a result, the ore occur in space created by corrosive hydrothermal fluids and also cavities and underground channelways suggestive of karstic processes.

White sparry dolomite, the major gangue mineral of main stage mineralization, displays a wide range in σ¹³C indicating carbon contribution from various sources. The isotopic compositions of the dolomite gangue suggest that they were partly a by-product of dissolution-reprecipitation of dolostone host rock and partly due to sulfate reduction processes by hydrocarbons and related organic matter which contributed to the CO₂ production. The σ¹⁸O for the ore dolomite spans a narrower range which is consistent, with the temperature variations of the ore fluids during mineralization.

The stable isotopid composition of inclusion fluids of the minerals from the main stage mineralizaiion obtained directly by crushing the minerals, do not appear to differ substantially from one another. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data from the fluid inclusions are consistent with derivation of metals predominantly by exchange reaction of the fluids with large volume of metalliferous sediments. This indicates that the water/ rock ratio in the hydrothermal system was probably low and isotopic exchange occurred under moderate temperatures. These data point to the similarity between the ore fluids and oil field brines. This similarity suggests, that the hydrothermal lead-zinc deposits are genetically related to oil formation and accumulation of the same age.

Based on the sulfur isotope fractionation between co-precipitating sulfide minerals, the temperature of sulfide precipitation is estimated to be in a range 90 to 250ºC. These temperatures are in accordance with data obtained by fluid inclusion geothermometry. The uniform sulfur isotope ratios suggest that all of the sulfur in the deposits was derived from a homogeneous source. The heavy sulfur isotope ratios indicate that seawater acted as the source of sulfide for precipitation of metals. The presence of residual bitumen, and white sparry dolomite precipitation in conjunction with high σ¹⁸O sulfides suggest that reduced sulfur, for precipitation of the sulfide was supplied by in situ inorganic reduction of sea water sulfate.

Geological evidence and isotopic features are consistent with the genetic scheme that base metal mineralization was caused by dewatering of the metalliferous sediments in a rift-related basin. The heat needed to derive this system is thought to have been provided by rifting. H₂S needed for mineralizatlon was produced by chemical reduction of seawater sulfate by hydrocarbons. Therefore evidence relating to ore genesis at Nanisivik is in accordance with a mixing model where the fluids carrying metals and hydrocarbons were guided through the faults into the Upper Society Cliffs dolostones and subsequently interacted with sulfate and possibly metal bearing fluids. Sulfide and carbonate gangue precipication occurred when the system became supersaturated with respect to sulfide and carbonates.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Adsorption of bacteriophage PBS 1

contributor:
Takahashi, I.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: The adsorption of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage PBS 1 was studied by electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that the site of final adsorption and DNA injection is the flagellar base. A multistage process of adsorption is proposed. It was also shown that primary adsorption is not species-specific as PBS 1 adsorbed to the flagella of various PBS 1-resistant Bacilli. The role of motility in adsorption is discussed.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Plasma β-Endorphin, the Menstrual Cycle and Exercise

abstract:
The underlying mechanism(s) of exercise-associated amenorrhea are not well understood. The discovery of β-endorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide that was shown to inhibit LH release during the menstrual cycle and become elevated during intense exercise, led to the postulate that this peptide may play a role in menstrual dysfunction observed in athletes.

The hypothesis for this thesis was that plasma β-endorphin concentrations are increased in vigorously exercising women with amenorrhea. At the time this hypothesis was generated, current radioimmunoassays to measure plasma β-endorphin were unreliable and insensitive. Therefore, the first objective was to develop a sensitive, specific and precise radioimmunoassay.

Two studies were then conducted to test this hypothesis. 1. Resting plasma β-endorphin concentrations were measured in non-exercising (n=10) and exercising (n=11) women during a regular menstrual cycle and in a group of exercising women with amenorrhea (n=11). Blood samples were obtained 3 times/week for one complete menstrual cycle or for 4 weeks in the amenorrheic subjects. Measurements were made of plasma β-endorphin, estradiol, progesterone, LH and FSH. 2. Plasma β-endorphin and LH concentrations were measured every 20 minutes for 8 hours in these 3 groups (n=3/group). Studies were conducted during the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phase of the cycle in ovulatory subjects.

Results from this investigation indicate that 1. Significant increments of β-endorphin occur during the early follicular, early luteal and late luteal phase of the cycle in both non-exercising and exercising subjects, however the latter group demonstrate β-endorphin increments of greater magnitude during times. Gonadal steroid modulation may be responsible for the early luteal phase rise of β-endorphin, but as yet the increases seen at the other times remain to be explained. 2. Plasma β-endorphin concentrations in amenorrheic athletes were similar to those observed in normal menstruating athletes, but no pattern was evident.

3. β-endorphin is released into the circulation in a pulsatile fashion. Pulse frequency appears to be reduced in the luteal phase of both non-exercising and exercising subjects, while amenorrheic subjects exhibit pulse frequency similar to that found in the follicular phase. Pulse amplitude did not vary between phases of sedentary or athletic subjects, but pulse amplitude was greater in the athletes. Amenorrheic athletes had greater pulse amplitudes when compared to the other 2 groups.

The significance of pulsatile secretion of β-endorphin is yet to be determined but the greater amplitude observed in amenorrheic athletes may suggest that LH secretion is being altered in this group. In conclusion, the hypothesis was confirmed that amenorrheic athletes have higher concentrations of β-endorphin and that these may play a role in exercise-associated amenorrhea.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SYSTEM IN CANADA, 1867 - 1899: A SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY

contributor:
Cross, M.S.
Giffen, J.
Boyle, L.E.

abstract:
The purposes of this thesis were threefold; to examine the essential features of the late nineteenth century penitentiary system, to outline its evolution, and to identify the forces promoting change and stability within the penal sphere. Chapter One discusses the influential pre-Confederation heritage. The direction of later post-Confederation penal evolution was largely determined by the theory and practice developed during the early years of penitentiary operation.

After Confederation, federal penal institutions, prison staff, and penitentiary administration provided a framework for other developments in the system. In examining this framework, Chapter Two highlights the centralization of power and rationalization of administration that were expanded to unify and control the dispersed and distinctive institutions under federal control.

Penitentiaries were expected to serve certain basic purposes, and those purposes shaped the content of the system. Chapters Three and Four explore the impact of the aim of convict reformation. Inmates were disproportionately drawn from the labouring class, and explanations of crime reflected that fact. The result was a penitentiary rehabilitation process that attempted to pass on Victorian values and habits to labouring class convicts.

The attempt to reform the convict occurred within the framework of reformatory prison discipline, a broad approach embraced first by pre-Confederation inspectors. This theory
prescribed rewards and penalties to move prisoners through stages of improvement. In an effort to establish this scheme, penal authorities and politicians after Confederation instituted a range of incentives for penitentiary prisoners. The introduction of parole federally in 1899 represented a last implementation of the techniques encompassed by reformatory prison discipline.

Despite the importance of this penal theory, its influence waned in the 1890s. During the last decades of the century, penal authorities and reformers increasingly identified different types of prisoners on the basis of degree of criminality. Distinctive measures were applied to recidivists and to first offenders in a departure from the single disciplinary stream that had been accepted at Confederation.

Another basic purpose of the penitentiary was to inflict punishment. This goal is discussed in Chapter Five. Punishment was justified in various ways, but its presence was a consistent fact of penitentiary life in the period. However, the application of punitive measures altered between 1867 and 1899 in response to the increasing perception of varying types of convicts. That perception supported a movement towards differential punishment on the basis of the prisoners' records.

Through the late nineteenth century, as Chapter Six demonstrates, pressure towards economy helped to shape the penitentiary reality. This pressure lent considerable importance to the persistent contemporary search for suitable and remunerative prison industries. For the convict, however, the basic fact of confinement was a punitive, institutional environment. That ertvironment and the prisoners' reaction to it are explored in Chapter Seven.

Following lines largely set in the pre-Confederation period, the federal penitentiary system went through an important stage of development between 1867 and 1899. The influence of bureaucratic values in penitentiary administration intensified in that period, and new penal measures were introduced under the aegis of reformatory prison discipline. Yet within this context of penal evolution, the institutional character of the penitentiary, its class-directed nature, and its long-standing goals of punishment and reformation were basic enduring realities. For the convict, too, the essentially punitive nature of prison life altered little in the period.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Social and Political Context of the Towneley Cycle

contributor:
Johnston, A.F.
Franceschetti, A.
Quehen, A.H. de

abstract:
Modern scholarship has long ignored the fact that medieval religious drama, especially the mystery plays, contains a great deal of highly specific social and political commentary. This dissertation attempts to discover, by analyzing a number of plays in the Towneley cycle, what the particular topics are which make up that commentary, how relevant they are to the concerns and problems of late medieval English society and in what manner they are articulated dramatically by the Towneley playwrights themselves, particularly the Wakefield Master.

The first two chapters of this study establish the topical and intellectual background that will form the basis for te later discussion of three of the Wakefield Master's most important works--the Mactacio Abel, Processus Noe Cum Filiis and Prima Pastorum. Chapter One, paying special attention to conditions and attitudes at work in late fourteenth and fifteenth-century Yorkshire, examines various events ( the Black Death, the Peasants' Revolt) and developments (the growing prosperity and enterprise of the lower classes) which made so many late medieval Englishmen economically aggressive individualistic, materialistic and self-assertive, and which promoted so many values antagonistic to the traditional social assumptions of the age.

Chapter Two studies some of these assumptions in detail--the belief that society was a heirarchical and corporate organism whose members had to work in unison, that labor was a selfless act designed to benefit the community more than the individual, that rebellion was always unjustifiable, that worldliness endangered the soul, that excessive self-reliance led to spiritual alientaion and ruin--and, furthermore, shows how these assumptions increasingly found their way into the writings of such men as Gower, Langland, Chaucer and Lydgate. The repeated reaffitmation of traditional social ideals by these and other orthodox writers indicates that there existed a fairly large body of opinion opposed to the changes that had plagued English society since 1350.

The Wakefield Master was among those alarmed by the current trend toward materialism, individualism and rebellion. In the Mactacio Abel and Processus Noe he both attacks the new attitudes of his age and defends the older values of charity, cooperation and obedience. The Wakefield Cain, for instance, is portrayed as a hard working, enterprising, and prosperous yeoman farmer whose immoderate devotion to a specious, mercantile philosophy and to an especially reckless brand of self-centeredness causes him to be banished from the community of men and the presence of God. Noah, on the other hand, is characterized as an ideal medieval laborer, a man whose humility, charity and commitment to communal endeavor stand in sharp contrast to Cain's greed and selfishness and whose conception of work as an act of worship differs substantially from Cain's rather blasphemous and mundane approach. Cain's personality reflects the sordid realities of late medieval social and economic life: acquisitiveness, defiance, industriousness, self-absorption; Noah's stands for the forgotten ideals of partnership and prayer, ideals that needed constant reassertion in a world grown crass and uncaring.

In Chapter Four certain intellectual traditions such as egalitarianism, communism and the Golden Age are discussed in terms of their possible influence on the apocalyptic and millenarian aspirations of the late medieval peasantry, aspirations that were partly responsible for the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. Since the Prima Pastorum exploits both primitivistic and messianic traditions, it is argued here that the play may be critical of the late medieval peasantry's revolutionary urges. In other words, it is maintained that the Prima Pastorum attacks its age's infatuation with apocalyptic visions and Utopian fantasies of social reform and argues instead for a return to the simple virtues of charity, faith and humility as symbolized by Christ, the true Messiah.

The Magnus Herodes (Chapter Five), on the other hand, denounces the lawless activities of the English nobility and questions the system that did so much to encourage aristocratic violence in general--bastard feudalism. Herod and his soldiers are thus examined in their role as fifteenth-century knights whose disruptive and bloody behaviour was not that far removed from what was happening in northern England--particularly Yorkshire--at the time.

Finally, Chapter Six analyzes the whole Towneley Passion sequence and concludes that it is dominated by one major political issue--Lollardy. An examination of orthodox and heterodox controversial literature reveals that the prejudices and assumptions of both the anti-heretical party and the heretlcs themselves have been exploited by the dramatists in such a way as to make it appear as though Christ himself is a fifteenth-century schismatic. Virtually all the charges that the Jews bring against Christ in these plays--treason, magic, false prophecy, lying, deceit, demagogy--are identical to those which were commonly levelled against Lollards in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Such a bold form of characterization has a definite purpose. The playwrights, in depicting Jesus as a man falsely charged with and condemned for heresy, want to caution their contemporaries against the indiscriminate and irrational pursuit of apostasy--something which had become a real problem in late medieval England.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Modal Logic of Albert of Saxony

contributor:
Synan, E.A.
Careless, J.M.S.
Boyle, L.E.

abstract:
This work is an exegetical account of the modal logic of Albert of Saxony, a 14th century logician and scientist. The text used was the 1522 Venice edition of the Perutilis logica. As there is no critical edition of the text, a "working edition" of the pertinent sections (tract III, chapter iv and tract IV, chapters v-vi, xii-xviii) accompanies the dissertation as an appendix.

Aristotle's modal logic which served as a basis for modal logic in the Middle Ages is briefly reviewed. Albert's non-modal propositional logic, onto which the modal logic is grafted, is then presented informally.

Albert's chapter on the semantic and syntactic considerations for a modal logic (III,iv) is analyzed in detail as are his chapters on modal consequences (IV, v-vi) and his chapters on modal syllogisms (IV, xii-xviii). In these chapters, Albert makes the distinction between modal propositions in sensu composito and in sensu diviso, and gives the truth conditions for each type of modal proposition. He goes on to state the rules which govern what can be inferred from the two sorts of propositions and finally examines syllogisms constructed from modal propositions following the Aristotelian classification of figures and moods. While he mentions the modes of knowing, doubting, etc., he primarily is interested in the modes of possibility and necessity and, to a lesser extent, the mode of contingency.

In the concluding chapter, Albert's system is briefly compared with modern systems and the ground work for a semantic model is laid, i.e., considerations concerning the truth of modal propositions which the formal logician must take into account for the construction of such a model are put forward. Further, a brief comparison between Albert, Aristotle, and Ockham is made concerning certain aspects of necessity.

For the purposes of clarity and convenience, standard quantified modal predicate calculus is used.

Pertinent findings include the fact that Albert's system encompasses the modern T system and an argument can be made that it includes the 55 system as well.

More importantly, Albert ultimately wishes to distinguish four different sorts of necessity: a necessity concerning how an attribute applies to an individual, a necessity concerning the relationship between the subject and predicate terms, an 'hypothetical' necessity concerning an event once it has occurred, and finally, it is argued, a necessity concerning the relationship of the subject and predicate terms not on the basis of their denotata but on the basis of their signification, i.e., their meaning.

Though Albert does not succeed in constructing an unmbiguous formal logical system, he does bring to light some aspects of the nature of necessity and possibility and the ways in which the terms "necessary" and "possible" are used in natural language.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THE EUROPEAN CONNECTION: A STUDY OF THOMAS HALIBURTON, GILBERT PARKER, AND SARA JEANNETTE DUNCAN

contributor:
Dooley, D.J.
Rogers, W.S.
Watt, F.W.

abstract:
The novels of Thomas Haliburton, Gilbert Parker and Sara Jeannette Duncan repay a closer examination than they have received to date on several counts. First, they flesh out in rich imaginative terms schemes for imperial federation that were popular in Canada throughout the 19th and into the 20th century. Thomas Haliburton's mordant satire in The Clockmaker; or, the Sayings and Doings of Sam Slick and The Attaché or Sam Slick in England is directed towards the elimirtation of impediments to an improved British connection. Chief among these is the mismanagement of colonfal affairs on Downing Street, and the underestimation of the native authority that persisted in that quarter. Writing at a time when the movement for imperial federation was its most intense, Gilbert Parker celebrated enlightened British rule in several historical romances set in Canada; but obstacles to acceptance faced by his two Canadian protagonists in England in The Trespasser and The Translation of a Savage are documented at great length in those books. This indicates a fundamental difficulty in the notion of a united Anglo-Saxondom underlying much imperial rhetoric. In her studies of American-European relations, Sara Jeannette Duncan explores the characteristics that divide as well as those that unite members of the North American triangle. The transalantic marriages that recur in her work suggest a larger union of a political sort; but the increased attention to local, as opposed to international, matters in The Imperialist presages a movement away from European connection.

Second, all three writers investigate aspects of European connection that rise above the narrowly political focus of imperialism. The moral and cultural implications of the international theme as they deal with it were many ways peculiarly New World; and so their work is of a piece with American statements on the same subject. A survey of representative Amierican authors from Washington Irving to Henry James is made in the initial chapter to provide a sense of the historical and literary context in which Haliburton, Parker and Duncan were writing.

Third, the study of Old World alliance in these writers gives rise to more general questions of cosmopolitanism that have continued to be debated by Canadians up to the present day. The extent to which subjects of vital importance to these three 19th-century imperialists still engage the serious writer in Canada today is considered in the conclusion to the thesis.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: On The Global Stability of Magnetized Accretion Disks

contributor:
Pudritz, Ralph E.
Sutherland, Peter G.
Astrophysics

subject:
Astrophysics and Astronomy
Astrophysics and Astronomy

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Applications of Bogomolny's Semiclassical Quantization to Integrable and Nonintegrable Systems

contributor:
Goodings, David A.
Theoretical Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: Bogomolny's transfer operator (T-operator) method is used to calculate semiclassical energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the quantum analogues of several Hamiltonian systems. The calculations are performed with a finite approximation to the T-operator in coordinate space. We demonstrate the success of this technique for the integrable systems, the circle alld the 45º wedge billards, as well as for nonintegrable systems, the 41º and 30º wedge billiards (both displaying mixed behaviour) and the 49º and 60° wedge billiards (both showing hard chaos). For the 49° wedge, an alternate partition involving the symbolic sequences is studied. We also focus on properties of the eigenvalues of the T-operator with the objective of finding a reliable characteristic to describe the manifestation of chaos in quantum systems. In particular, we discuss the special connection between the T-operator eigenvalues and quantum numbers of integrable system. In addition, we investigate the distributions of phase separations of the T-operator eigenvalues and show that they may reflect the dynamical properties of Hamiltonian systems.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: DEEP CCD PHOTOMETRY OF THE RICH GALAXY CLUSTER ABELL 1656 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DWARF ELLIPTICAL GALAXY POPULATION IN THE CLUSTER CORE

contributor:
Harris, William E.
Astrophysics

abstract:
We have developed a statistically rigorous and automated method to implement the detection, photometry and classification of faint objects on digital images. We use these methods to analyze deep R- and B-band CCD images of the central ~ 700 arcmin² of the Coma cluster core, and an associated control field. We have detected and measured total R magnitudes and (B - R) colors for a sample of 3741 objects on the galaxy cluster fields, and 1164 objects on a remote control field, complete to a limiting magnitude of R = 22.5 mag. The typical uncertainties are ±0.06 and ±0.12 mag in total magnitude and color respectively. The dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies are confined to a well-defined sequence in the color range given by 0.7 ≤ (B - R) ≤ 1.9 mag; within this interval there are 2535 dE candidates on our fields in the cluster core, and 694 objects on the control field. With an image scale of 0.53 arcsec/pixel and seeing near 1.2 arcsec, a large fraction of the dE galaxy candidates are resolved.

We find a significant metallicity gradient in the radial distribution of the dwarf elliptical galaxies, which goes as Z ∝ R⁻⁰˙³² outwards from the cluster center at NGC 4874. As well, there is a strong color-luminosity correlation, in the sense that more luminous dE galaxies are redder in the mean. These effects give rise to a radial variation in the cluster luminosity function. The spatial distribution of the faint dE galaxies is well fit by a standard King model with a central surface density of ∑₀=1.44 dEs arcmin⁻², a core radius Rc = 18.7 arcmin (≃ 0.44 Mpc), and a tidal radius of 1.44 deg (≃ 2.05 Mpc). This core is significantly larger than Rc = 12.3 arcmin (≃ 0.29 Mpc) found for the bright cluster galaxies. The composite luminosity function for Coma galaxies is modeled as the sum of a log-normal distribution for the giant galaxies and a Schechter function for the dwarf elliptical galaxies, with a faint-end slope of α = -1.41, consistent with known faint-end slopes for tbe Virgo and Fornax clusters. The early-type dwarf-to-giant ratio for the Coma cluster core is consistent with that of the Virgo cluster, and thus with the rich Coma cluster being formed as the merger of multiple less-rich galaxy clusters.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Utilization of pelletized slags

contributor:
Emery, John J.
Engineering

subject: Engineering Engineering

abstract: The utilization of various pelletized slags (Phosphorus, Finnish and Local Iron Blast-Furnace) in a base stabilization process and for autoclaved block manufacture was studied. For the limited number of slags considered, no clear strength development-hydraulic moduli relationship was found. A pelletized phosphorus slag was considered, but due to the adverse influence of minor constituents such as fluorine, satisfactory product strengths were not achieved. Finnish iron blast-furnace pelletized slags were considered for base stabilization, but unlike the local DOFASCO pelletized slags, do not exhibit adequate hydraulicity without activation. For the DOFASCO pelletized slags, it has been determined that field curing and durability of ground pelletized slag stabilized bases will be satisfactory. The feasibility of autoclaving masonry block using ground pelletized DOFASCO slag as both cementitious component and aggregate has been demonstrated.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Analysis of the dynamic cutting force coefficient

contributor:
Tlusty, J.
Engineering

subject: Engineering Engineering

abstract:
Conclusive evidence is presented in this thesis that the Dynamic Cutting Force Coefficients, as measured by the Double Modulation Method, do indeed represent the transfer function of the cutting process. Limits of stability, computed from the measured DCFCs for various steels and the measured transfer function of a lathe, are arrived at and compared with the experimental b_lim obtained, with these same steels, under similar cutting conditions on the same lathe.

A physical model to explain the DCFCs of Inner Modulation is presented. Mathematical relations are derived to correlate stable cutting forces with DCFCs of Inner Modulation. Tests results of stable cutting forces are presented from which the DCFCs of Inner Modulation are obtained using the above mentioned mathematical obtained DCFCs of Inner Modulation is presented to show the validity of the proposed model.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Signal Processing of Surface Detected Electromyographic Activity

contributor:
Torre, Della E.
Sarna, S. K.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract: A technique is presented for assessing the relative performance of various signal processors of the surface detected electromyographic signal (EMG) in the gross skeletal muscles of man. A minicomputer is used to sample, store, and to later process the EMGs for agonists of the upper arm for various net forces, as measured at the wrist, under a condition of isometric tension. A two dimensional analysis of the flexor and extensor EMGs is performed for each force level. The number of force levels from which distinct, high confidence, control signals may be derived is used as a figure of merit to determine the superior of the signal processors studied and the superior of various electrode sites considered. For prosthetic use it is often desirable to maximize the number of control signals per muscle site.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Design and hardware implementation of a color-coded display system for radar signals

contributor:
Carter, C.R.
Electrical Engineering

subject: Engineering Engineering

abstract:
This thesis gives the design and hardware implementation of a display system for the synthetic presentation of real time radar signals. A color coding technique is applied in the system, where a color code of sixteen different colors is employed to encode the signal amplitude. The system consists of a color television monitor, a large scale random access memory and digital interfaces to buffer the real time input to the display.

A general study of the different types of display devices followed by a review of the common radar displays is presented. Then, a detailed investigation and a presentation of a color coding technique and its application is given.

The details of the system design and operation are given in addition to the experimental work for testing the system performance. The presentation of radar signals by the color coded display system is demonstrated.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Synchronization of earth stations to a switching satellite using non-coherent frequency shift keying

contributor:
Haykin, S. S.
Engineering

subject: Engineering Engineering

abstract:
In a space division multiple access/spacecraft switched-time division multiple access (SDMA/SS-TDMA) satellite system, precise synchronization between the satellite switching sequence and the earth stations is required. Fine synchronization can be achieved by transmitting non-coherent frequency shift keying (FSK) signals. The timing error between the satellite and the earth station time bases is defined on-board the satellite by the sync-wnidow modulation of the sync bursts (FSK) signals). A measure of the timing error, i.e. the error voltage, is obtained at the receiver and fed to the timing circuits. Depending on the value of the error voltage, the timing circuits shift the earth station time base accordingly so as to reduce the timing error. This procedure is repeated until synchronization is achieved, i.e., the timing error becomes zero.

Two sources of noise (uplink and downlink) are considered in this synchronization loop. The noise affects the number of iterations required to achieve synchronization as well as the accuracy of the synchronization in the steady state. The study is supported by a digital computer simulation of the envelope-detected signal in the receiver.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A feasibility study of the use of 25 keV filtered neutron beams for in vivo neutron activation analysis

contributor:
Kennett, T.J.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: A combination of iron, aluminum and sulphur has been constructed to filter a resonance spectrum beam such that upon transmission, neutrons of 25 keV energy will dominate. This filtered beam, because of the associated lowered dose rate, allows for longer and more frequent irradiations of the spine when checking for decalcifying bone diseases. Analytical expressions for the thermalized flux distributions in the human body arising from neutron beams of various incident energies were developed and shown consistent with experimental work. Successful activations were carried out with phantoms, dry vertebral columns, and wet bone. Conventional methods for measuring neutron dose rate for neutrons in the keV region were shown invalid. The feasibility of setting up an in vivo neutron activation analysis facility at McMaster University in the future, was discussed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The religious foundation of John Strachan's social and political thought as contained in his sermons, 1803-1866

contributor:
Grant, G. P.
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to show how the religious thought of John Strachan formed the foundation of his social and politicalthought. This study is confined to an examination of Strachan's sermons written over a period of sixty-three years, from 1803-1866. The thesis begins with a presentation of Strachan's thoughts on God and proceeds to a discussion of his ideas on the relationship between God and man. The remainder of the thesis examined the social and political implications with arise from this relationship.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Kant's concept of historical progress

contributor:
Ajzenstat, S.
Literature

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: This thesis offers an analysis of Kant's later works in an effort to elucidate the harmony and theoretical reciprocity governing the relationship between his political philosophy, his philosophy of history and philosophy of religion. In the first chapter, a study of Kant's political writings sets out the specific problem that his concept of historical progress is designed to overcome. Chapter Two is an exposition of the philosophy of history in general an an evolution of Kant's concept of progress insofar as it fulfills its assigned task. Chapter Three moves beyond the political and historical writings and enters into the domain of Kant's philosophy of religion. This section represents an attempt to determine whether or not Kant develops any further the arguments abot progress originally found in the other works. Finally, it will be shown that although the concept of historical progress is also a prominent theme in Kant's philosophy of religion, his overall view of the relationship between history and morality has undergone some interesting modifications.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A comparison of indexes summarizing exposure to aircraft noise

subject: Engineering Engineering

abstract:
People living around airports are severly impacted by aircraft noise they experienced daily, which may damage their hearing, may produce interference with the activities of their daily lives, and may degrade the quality of their life-style.

Noise can be reduced at sources by improved engine technology and by more considerate modes of aircraft operation. Another way of solving the aircrafts noise problem is by the use of planning control and here the measurement of noise exposure has an important role to play.

The objective of this study is to test whether any of the noise metrics (the Noise Exposure Forecasr (NEF), the Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) and the Day-Night Average Sound Level (Ldn)) is significantly better as a predictor of the effects of aircrafts noise than others. The study used the FAA Integrated Noise Model (INM) to calculate aircraft noise measures. The response data were derived from the social survey conducted for a research of which this thesis is one part. The study is a necessary step towards standardizing noise measurements. In addition, the study is an aid for airport authorities to assist government for accurate land use planning.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Design provisions for slender concrete columns

contributor:
Drysdale, R.G.
Engineering

subject: Engineering Engineering

abstract:
The main objective of this study was to evaluate methods of designing uniaxially loaded slender reinforced concrete columns in braced frames.

An analytical method was used to predict capacities of a broad range of slender concrete columns. The method incorporates the nonlinear behaviour of concrete sections, time dependent effects, and the nonlinear response of slender columns.

The accuracy of the current ACI Moment Magnifier Method of accounting for slenderness effects is studied. Large conservative errors inherent in this method are identified and discussed.

It is concluded that slender concrete columns in braced frames can be designed more easily and with greater accuracy by an emperical direct moment magnification method. Such a method, involving the use of graphs, is presented for the design of columns with rectangular sections. The accuracy and limitation of this method are discussed and recommendations for further study are made.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Environmental control systems optimization

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
The purpose of this project was to demonstrate the usefulness of optimization in the environment systems field; particularly to improve analytical decision - making techniques for managers.

The result was an aid to formulating budgets, in which the social, technical, political and relatively unknown aspects of environmental control systems could be logically compared.

Additional benefits, in the area of environmental project evaluations were developed using optimization.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Geomorphologie du karst de la Haute-Saumons, ile d'Anticosti, Quebec

contributor:
Ford, D.C.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Le karst de la Haute-Saumons est entierement situé à l'intérieur de la partie supéerieure du bassin de la rivière aux Saumons, sur l'ile d'Anticosti. Il s'est developpé dans des calcaires paléozolques subhorizontaux du Silurien inferieur, sous des gradients aussi faibles que 0.3%. On y observe une zone centrale holokarstique ainsi que des zones peripheriques fluviokarstiques. Les formes karstiques de surface se regroupent en quatre catégories: les pavements karstiques; les diaclases ouvertes localement, les dolines et les vallées séches. Pour ces formes nous proposons un modèle morphogénétique global où le type d'écoulement et l'épaisseur du till sol sont des facteurs determinants.

Le karst semble s'être propagé graduellement surtout vers l'ouest, à partir d'un site où la physiographie fournissait un gradient hydraulique localement plus élevé. Cette propagation se serait faite en utilisant principalement un remarquable ensemble de diaclases à 110° de même qu'en respectant certaines contraintes lithologiques. L'hypothèse d'une karstification entièrement holocène nous semble la plus probable.

Une seule résurgence draine les eaux de tout le karst ainsi que celles de plusieurs sous-bassins non karstiques capturées par le karst. Les caractéristiques hydrologiques et chimiques de l'écoulement à la résurgence suggèrent que la circulation souterraine des caux se fait surtout dans des conduits noyés, avec un temps de transit relativement court. La végétation joue un rôle déterminant sur la chimie des caux de surface. Les eaux d'envionnements differents se distinguent chimiquement d'abord par leur PCO₂ puis par leur dureté en calcium et enfin par leur SIc.

L'impact de la karstification sur certains aspects du réseau hydrographique de la partie supérieure du bassin de la rivière aux Saumons est aussi évalué.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Marcel Riesz Kernel and a Green Kernel for a Half-Space

contributor:
Jackson, Mr. H.L.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: The principal object of this thesis is to study some aspects of the Marcel Riesz kernel and the notion of superharmonicity of fractional order. We define a Green kernel for a half-space and show that this kernel satisfies the principle of domination. This lead us to a new definition of superharmonicity of fractional order on a half-space.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Cerebral lateralization of dopamine-mediated functions in the rat

contributor:
Szechtman, Henry
Biomedical Sciences

subject:
Life Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences
Life Sciences

abstract:
There is evidence that a number of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and schizophrenia, are frequently associated with lateralized disturbances of brain function, or alterations in normal patterns of lateralized function. It is also known that many such disturbances, especially in schizophrenia, involve central dopamine (DA) systems. Several studies in recent years have established that lower animals often exhibit lateralization of brain function, both on the neurochemical and behavioral level. Central DA systems appear to be particularly asymmetrical. Left/right hemispheric asymmetries in rats have been reported at the population level for a variety of DA-modulated behaviors which may variously reflect motor, sensory, spatial, or stress/arousal processes. However, the directions of reported population asymmetries can vary across studies, depending in part upon the particular processes predominantly reflected in the measured behavior, and consequently leading to difficulties in interpretation. Given the potential relevance to both normal and abnormal brain function in humans, it is of much interest to determine what paraliels exist between lateralization in humans and lower animals.

The objectives of the present thesis were twofold. First, we sought to determine which DA-mediated behaviors exhibit left/right hemispheric asymmetries at the population level in rats, by employing specific paradigms to measure motor, sensorimotor, spatial and stress-related processes. The basic approach was to compare the effects of unilateral DA-depleting lesions (with 6-hydroxydopamine), in left or right brain structures of male rats. Behavioral and neurochemical asymmetries were also examined in nonlesioned controls. A second objective was to study the role of interhemispheric connections in the expression of behavioral asymmetries characteristic of rats with unilateral lesion-induced DA depletion. Specifically, we describe the effects of sectioning the corpus callosum in unilaterally lesioned (6-OHDA) rats, on motor and sensorimotor asymmetries.

Regarding the first objective, hemispheric population asymmetries were not found for any of three measures of motor activation, in rats with left or right lesions of the substantia nigra. These measures included ipsiversive turning behavior in response to amphetamine, contraversive turning in response to apomorphine and spontaneous locomotor measures in activity monitors. Similarly, groups did not differ in a measure of sensory/spatial bias, namely the orientation to edges during exploration of a large openfield. The same animals did differ however, in the performance of the Morris water maze task for spatial localization, suggesting that right brain mechanisms may be preferentially involved in successful task performance. A follow-up study with the water maze paradigm, using nonlesioned rats distinguished by the preferred direction of amphetamine-induced turning (and by inference the hemisphere of greater DA activity), further supported a preferential role for right brain DAergic mechanisms in this task. An additional test of population hemispheric asymmetry which focused on stress mechanisms, compared the effects of mesocortical DA depletion (left, right or hilateral) on the development of restraint stress-induced gastric pathology. Rats depleted of DA in the right anterior midline cortex, developed significantly more severe stress pathology than did nonlesioned controls. In contrast, left or bilateral cortical DA depletion resulted in nonsignificant trends for increased pathology. All three lesion types resulted in significant and unique effects on DAergic systems in subcortical brain structures, which may have in part contributed to the asymmetric effects on development of stress pathology.

Regarding the second objective of the study, it was found that corpus callosum section eliminated the asymmetrical orientation to openfield edges in unilaterally lesioned rats. Conversely, there was no effect of callosotomy on asymmetries in direction of turning behavior, either drug-induced or externally cued in the behavioral competition for food. Taken together with the report that callosal section potentiates lateralization of emotional expression, the findings emphasize the anatomical dissociability of these functional asymmetries, despite their mediation by DAergic systems at various levels.

Based on these and other literature reports, it is proposed that the most fundamental processes exhibiting consistent left/right hemispheric population biases in rats, are those related to stress. The greatest degree of functional asymmetry is found in the cortex, which modulates sutcortical structures in a highly asymmetrical manner. The data extend recent suggestions that the right cortex is preferentially involved in the mediation of high arousal states (such as uncontrollable stress). Other studies have shown that activation of mesocortical DA by stress initially favors the left brain, and later predominates in the right brain as stress is prolonged. Given the evidence that cortical DA facilitates coping ability, and based on a variety of neurochemical and behavioral reports of DAergic asymmetries, it is suggested that a normal left brain DAergic dominance may exist at the population level, for both rats and humans. Such an asymmetry is proposed to confer an adaptive advantage in the rapid execution of responses to minor stressors. Finally, it is proposed that disturbances in patterns of cortical activity may lead to (psycho)pathological states which are associated with vulnerability to stress.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: EVALUATION OF MANOMETRY AND DEFECOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT FOR CONSTIPATION AND INCONTINENCE

contributor:
Huizinga, J.
Biomedical Sciences

abstract:
This thesis examines the sensitivity and specificity of manometry and defecography assessments; the relationship between function and symptoms; and the relationship between age and parity and patient assessments.

The manometry assessments of 72 incontinent and 50 constipated female patients were compared to 86 healthy volunteers using discriminant function and classification analysis (DFA). The defecography assesssments of a subset of these patients, 21 incontinent and 25 constipated, were compared to 22 healthy female volunteers. These data were used to examine the factors age, parity, severity of symptoms and rectal wall morphology on function.

The results show that the variables of total squeeze pressure and resting pressure have a sensitivity of 79% for the incontinent patients and 32% for the constipated patients. The specificity was 87%. The manometry variables resting pressure, squeeze pressures, volume to urgency were significantly different in the patient groups. Aging was a significant factor for lower resting pressures and increased parity was a significant factor for lower squeeze pressures in the patient groups.

The sensitivity of the combination of the defecography variables, lift and strain angles and junction levdls, was 90% for the incontinent patients and 88% for the constipated patients. The specificity was 95%. The defecography variables were not significantly different in the patient groups. Rest and lift angles were significantly wider with increased age and parity.

Neither the defecography and manometry variables nor rectal wall morphology changes were associated with varying severity of either constipation or incontinence.

The manometry and defecography assessments are presented in graphs, which may enhance the dinical usefulness of the assessments by demonstrating the difference between patient values and healthy controls. The manometry data are also presented in an index which makes areas of specific impairment more obvious.

DFA of the manomeby and defecography variables provides probability rates which may be useful in predicting patient outcomes. The discriminant scores from the analysis of the defecography and manometry variables can be used to develop a continuum from health to incontinence.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Globular Cluster Systems in Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
I have undertaken a systematic survey of 12 dwarf elliptical (or dE) galaxies in order to find and study their globular cluster systems (GCS's). The sample represents both nucleated and non-nucleated dE's in the: Virgo cluster and near NGC 3115. In 10 of the galaxies observed, we have detected a likely GCS as a > 1σ excess of stellar-like objects.

The mass spcctrum (dN/dm) of the GCS's around NGC 3115 DW1 and for 8 Virgo dE,N's have slopes of ~ -1.8 to -1.9, in very good agreemcnt with that observed for GCS's around larger galaxies. This suggests that globular clusters formed via the same mechanism in galaxies of all masses and morphologies. In accordance with the recent work of Harris & Pudritz (1994), these results are also consistent with the picture where GC's formed in the cores of supergiant molecular clouds.

For the 12 dwarfs for which specific frequencies (SN) were derived (and 5 more for which similar information is available) the mean SN is ~ 4, consistent with that observed in giant elliptical galaxies (indicating similar formation efficiencies) and in Local Group dE's, although much larger than in spirals. There is no significant difference in SN between the nucleated (dE,N) and non-nucleated dE's, supporting evidence that they are similar types of object, and not the result of strongly different evolutionary paths. The higher SN values (~ 25) in two low luminosity dwarfs may be due to significant mass loss at various epochs.

In 3 galaxies for which I have color information, thc GC's arc bluer (in the mean) than tthat of thc galaxy light, suggcsting that the clusters are more metal-poor (by ~ 0.5 dex in [Fe/H]) than the galaxy halo stars, as observed in giant galaxies. However, the presently observed GCS would have been unable to create this offset; it would likely have arisen from a combination of a shallower IMF, other sites of star formation, and all initially larger globular cluster population.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: NATO in the 1990's: Conflict and Competition over the Defence Industrial Base--The Case of the European Fighter Aircraft

contributor:
Robinson, J.E.
Materials Science

abstract:
The central argument of this paper is that efforts to rationalise the European defence industrial base are both pre-requisite to and incompatible with the broader goal of Alliance wide specialisation and rationalisation, at least withiin NATO as it is presently configured. Broadly, the contention is that rising weapons costs in the context of stable or shrinking defence budgets are moving the NATO alliance toward structural disarmament. In response to this trend, the Alliance has been forced to consider means of reforming the highly wasteful defence industrial effort so that the price of military preparedness can be kept within reasonable limits. From a simple economic perspective, the creation of a NATO-wide free-trade regime in defence goods wold seem to be the optimal approach to this program. Free trade, however, is fraught with political hazards that make it largely unacceptable to most Alliance governments.

An apparently attainable alternative to free trade in this connexion is "managed specialisation." Managed specialisation, however, also has its limitations. Put simply, in order to rationalise the Allied development and production effort, Europe must first of all "get itself together" and begin producing competitive equipment at competitive prices. In order to achieve this, however, Europe must reform its own domestic market in order to realise US-scale production economies and capitalisation rates. The crux of the problem is that this necessarily requires greater European collaboration and protectionism, and ultimately suggests that Europe will begin to offer the US more global competition. As this is unlikely to sit well with the Americans, it would seem that--contrary to the original intent--European rationalisation seems destined to result in more, not less, fracture within the Alliance defence industrial base. Although the verdict is not yet final, the Eurofighter programme would seem to confirm this hypothesis.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE ROLE OF THE NEWSPAPER AS A COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL BETWEEN A LOCAL COMMUNITY AND A REGIONAL GOVERNMENT

abstract:
This thesis presents the results of a content analysis study of the extent and nature of Regional Government coverage in three newspapers. Two community weeklies and a metropolitan daily serving the town of Dundas in the Hamilton-Wentworth Region of Ontario were selected.

The probable maximum amount of coverage possible was estimated from personal interviews with production staff of other papers. For each of the sampled papers, the content measured was compared to these estimates and to the results for the other sampled papers.

The results showed that, contrary to some comments found in the literature, the weekly papers provided extensive coverage of regional government activities and displayed characteristics which other authors have identified as important to effective coverage. Based on these results it is concluded that the local newspapers are acting as communications channels between this local community and Regional Government, at close to their capacity to do so.

Similar amounts of coverage were not found in the daily, therefore it has not had this role. Some reasons for this are postulated in the conclusions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Cycle Ergometer and Voluntary Hyperventilation Exercises in Patients With Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial

contributor: Medical Sciences (Clinical Epidemiology and Health Care Research)

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract:
A strategy to investigate the effect of two exercise modes upon patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAD) is developed. The difficulties in defining and diagnosing the various pathological entities covered by the umbrella term CAO are discussed. Following a review of the published studies of endurance exercise in the before mentioned patient population a clinical problem is identified. Cycle ergometer exercise and voluntary hyperventilation were the two modalities chosen to be investigated. A 2² factorial design is selected in order that both modalities may be efficiently studied, singly and in combination, with the inclusion of a placebo exercise group.

A statistical method is depcribed for measuring agreement between two technicians conducting a test identifying the diagnostic inclusion criteria. An additional criterion for entry into the study will be inclusion of only those patients who are particularly likely to maintain the randomly assigned maneuver. This will be determined by the response to carried out a pre-experimental sequence of three weekly test events carried out current to a CAO stabilization period. The intensity of the exercise will be established using a standardized progressive exercise test and a maximum sustainea ventilatory capacity procedure. The choice of the three dutcomes was based upon a more total definition of rehabilitation. The three primary outcomes are endurance as measured by both a twelve minute walking test and a progressive multistage treadmill test. The patients' perception of their social, emotional and physical function in response to the exercise regimen is additionally measured using a health index questionnaire.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Three Dimensional Analysis of Shear Wall Multi Storey Buildings

abstract: The thesis studies the importance of torsion in multi storey buildings haying asymmetric layout of shear walls. A method of three dimensional analysis based on the continuous approach has been developed. The problem of torsion in a two wall core structure has been examined in detail including a test on a plexiglas model. The method of analysis presented in this thesis is general enough to deal with buildings with a large number of shear walls in plan and allows variation of structural properties along the height of the building. A number of representative examples are worked out to demonstrate applicability. The use of the method in studying the dynamic properties of multi storey buildings is shown. The response of a torsionally unbalanced building due to the application of a bidirectional earthquake is examined. Based on these results, recommendations are made on the structural behaviour of such buildings.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Le Problème de thème central de L'Ingénu de Voltaire

contributor:
Williams, David
Romance Languages

subject:
Arts and Humanities
Arts and Humanities

abstract: En 1767 Voltaire s'essaie, dans L'Ingénu, aux tendances nouvelles. L'on y ressent l'influence du primitivisme et de la littérature sentimentale. Voltaire adopt le point de vue que Rousseau exprime dans l'Emile: la liberté de l'enfance produit des hommes indépendants; elle est donc préférable à l'éducation conventionnelle. Dans L'Ingénu Voltaire revendique le gouvernement par les lois au lieu de l'arbitraire qui règne en France à l'époque. Dans se vie privée aussi bien que dans Les Soythes et dans L'Ingénu Voltaire se présente en homme détaché de ses anciennes ambitions. Son attitude envers l'autorité, c'est-à-dire le gouvernement et l'église y est plus conciliante qu'elle n'apparaît à certains auteurs qui ont traité ce sujet.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Behavioural Analysis of the Concepts Used in Housing Choice

abstract:
Research on housing choice at the level of individual decision makers is handicapped by insufficient knowledge of the subjective concepts people use to think about housing. The thesis has one major objective; to clarify the nature of housing concepts, and two secondary objectives; to assess their relative importance and to examine group differences in their use. An inductive, exploratory and multi-operational approach is considered most appropriate and hence, conclusions are expressed are hypotheses. Concepts are defined at two levels of generality on the basis of personal construct elicitation procedures, a 200 item master code, and clustering techniques. Tradeoff
analysis is used to consider concept importance; particularly those relating to accessibilities. Multidimensional scaling is used for the analysis of first, the variables which define groups with different choice behaviours, and secondly, the manner in which groups display differences in choice behaviour.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Analysis of intermetropolitan labour force migration in Canada, 1971-76

contributor:
Liaw, Kao-Lee
Education

subject: Education Education

abstract: Interregional and intermetropolitan migration have long been modelled in an econometric framework in which the migrant is assumed to invest in migration if it is to his economic advantage to do so. Such an approach, commonly identified as human capital theory, is employed here as the basis of an examination of intermetropolitan male labour force migration in Canada for the period 1971-76. Analysis of the mobility rates over the period holds few surprises and serves to reinforce the noted trend at the provincial level of a basic shift in population westward to Alberta and British Colmbia. Ontario has lost its position of dominance, Quebec and the prairie region continue to lose population and eastern Canada appears to be holding its own. The motivations of inter-CMA migrants do, however, bear closer scrutiny, as the conclusion reached here through least-squares modelling is that the migrant population may have shifted in its oritentation from migration based on chance or speculation to movement to certain employment, laced with a liberal amount of return migration. The argument behind this conclusion is rooted in the economic climate of the period. Further studies will face as their greatest handicaps defining and operationalizing such variables as psychic factors, risk and uncertainty; and the absence in census data sources of information pertaining to multiple or return migration.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A program of physical conditioning for healthy middle-aged females and females with coronary heart disease

contributor:
Oldridge, N. B.
Adapted Human Biodynamics

subject: Adapted Human Biodynamics

abstract:
The effects of a 12-week physical conditioning program on cardiorespiratory responses and the subjective assessment of work intensity (RPE) during exercise in healthy, middle-aged females and females with coronary heart disease (CHD) were studied. A physical conditioning program was developed for healthy, middle-aged females and females with CHD using an exercise prescription based on current practice in middle-aged males with and without CHD. The progress included cycle ergometer exercise prescribed at 65-75% of maximal VO₂ for 30-45 minutes 3 times per week.

Six cardiac females (aged 40 to 57 years) and 9 healthy females (aged 44 to 52 years) started the program. The cardiac females had a significantly lower maximal work capacity, VO₂ and VCO₂ (p<0.05) than the healthy females. Measures of other variables were similar in the two groups. Following physical conditioning the healthy females demonstrated a significant increase in maximal PO(27.6%), VO₂ (15.9%), VE (23.9%) and VCO₂ (17.8%); a significant decrease in HR (10.5%), SBP (7.1%), RPP (17.5%), VCO₂ (12.0%) and RPE (33.1%) at a standard submaximal PO; and a significant decrease in steady state VO₂ (6.7%), Qc (13.4%) and HR (9.4%) (p<0.05). No changes were observed in other variables. Since only 3 cardiac females completed the 12-week program, they were treated as case studies. These 3 cardiac females showed considerable variation in their cardiorespiratory responses to physical conditioning but each exhibited a reduction in RPE at submaximal power outputs following physical conditioning. It was concluded that the physical conditioning program; (a) improved cardiorespiratory functioning, and reduced perceived exertion, during exercise in the healthy, middle-aged females; and (b) was effective as a mode of psychophysical rehabilitation, but not necessarily as a mode of physiological rehabilitation, for the females with CHD.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Motor unit activation in unilateral and bilateral muscle contraction in man

contributor:
Sale, D.G.
Adapted Human Biodynamics

subject: Adapted Human Biodynamics

abstract:
The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism underlying the observation that the maximal voluntary strength of the two legs acting together or bilaterally in isometric leg extension was less than the summed unilateral (sum of the left and right legs tested separately) strength. Observations were made on this phenomenon under both isometric and concentric contraction conditions by testing young adult males performing unilateral and bilateral leg press contractions on a modified isokinetic dynamometer.

Electromyographical evidence indicated that there was a lesser activation of motor units in bilateral contractions, as compared to unilateral, under isometric conditions and at a low and high concentric velocity. To determine whether a particular type of motor unit was being activated to a lesser extent in bilateral contractions, two physiological parameters of unilateral and bilateral contractions were compared: the strength-velocity relation and fatigability. This investigative method was based on the known physiological differences between the motor unit types; namely fast-twitch (FT), type two motor units have a faster twitch contraction time, greater force output at high velocities of shortening and lesser resistance to fatigue than the slow-twitch (ST), type on units.

Results showed a greater relative decline in the strength of bilteral contractions as the velocity of contraction was increased through a range from 0°/s to 424°/s (0 to 7.40 radians/s). The bilateral to summed unilateral strength ratio (B/U ratio) decreased from 0.91 under isometric conditions to 0.51 at the highest test velocity. Lesser fatigability was found in the bilateral condition in a 100 consecutive concentric contraction fatigue test. These results provided complementary evidence for the conclusion that FT motor units were active to a lesser degree in bilateral contractions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Isomerisation of Olefins catalysed by Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-rhodium and -iridium complexes

contributor:
Maitlis, P.M.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
The catalytic activity of a series of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-rhodium and -iridium complexes was explored to determine which catalytic species were significant. The halide complexes [M(C₅Me₅)x₂]₂ ((=Cl, Br, I) were inactive and required the presence of base as co-catalyst for the homogeneous hydrogenation of olefins.

As a part of this investigation, a number of new mono-ρ-hydrido [(M(C₅Me₅))₂HX₃], di-ρ-hydrido [Ir(C₅Me₅)HX]₂, and related complexes were isolated and successfully synthesised and characterised.

The hydrido complexes [(M(C₅Me₅))₂HX₃] and [lr(C₅Me₅)HX]₂ catalysed the hydrogenation of olefins in the absence of base at 1 atm and ambient temperature. However, they did show some co-catalysis by base and the effect of base on catalytic activity of [M(C₅Me₅)Cl₂]₂, [(M(C₅Me₅))₂HCl₃] and [Ir(C₅Me₅)HCl]₂ was carefully examined. The iridium complexes showed some deactivation on addition of excess triethylamine due to the formation of the caralytically inactive cationic complex [(Ir(C₅Me₅))₂H₃]. No such deactivation and formation of cationic complex was observed for the rhodium system.

In general iridium complexes were better catalysts than rhodium ones. The hydrogenation appeared to be favoured by polar and weakly coordinating solvents, particularly isopropanol.

A premliminary study of the mechanism of the reactions catalysed by these complexes indicated that the mono-μ-hyrdrio complexes reacted mainly as dimers and dichlorides and di-μ-hydrido complex [Ir(C₅Me₅)HCl]₂ reacted predominantly as monomer; mechanisms are presented to account for these observations.

The hydrido complexes [(M(C₅Me₅))₂(D)HCl₃] and [Ir(C₅Me₅)HCl]₂ were also active catalysts for the isomerisation of olefins. During the isomerisation of 4-methylcyclohexene by [(Ir(C₅Me₅))₂DCl₃], appearance of a high field hydride resonance was observed and these reactions are explained in terms of a hydride addition-elimination mechanism.

ecies "cre stgnific.ant. The hal ide c~~lexes pl(CSMeS)xzlz ( =. Cl, B "
,I) ~e.re ina~tiv,e'and ,required the presence, of base as co~cata1.yst forth'
hC!':JQeneous 'hydroQen~ -.' .,
'I ,~a' part of thls investi~ation.a numb!J-r 0t, ne\~ oono-~-hydrido_
[(M(~SI~e5) i ZHX 3]. d;"-;,-hydr,ido [I~(C5Me5)HX]Z" and'Tflated complexes \~ere"
isola~e:1 and s,uccessfull y syntheslsed ~ni1 .c~aracteris:d. . .'
.Thehydrido comple~es ['M!Cs~es~)zHX3] and [l~(c5r~e's)HX}L c<1talysed
the hydrogenation of olefins in t~e absence of base at 1 atm and a~bient_
"temperature. However. they did show some co-catalysis by bas~ and ~he
effect Of, !and:[lr(C5~leS)HC.1]2wascarefully, exar.1ined. The iridium compl,,1.'!?s sho','led
'. some deactivation. on addit~on of ~xC:~ss trtethYl,ar.line due to t~o~!"'.ation
of thecatalytlC-:lly InactIve catlon'\ccomple~ [(!r(CS~1e5)12Hp'\""'iu-- .
such deactivation,and formation of cationic complex was observed for the
I'hod i urn .sys tem. "
In general iridium compleJones. The hydrogenation appea'red to be favoured 'by polar 'and weakly co-
I ,ordinating sOflvents. partic:ul.arl y isopropanol: ' I.
l,.- A prel.,jminary stud/of the ;,echaniS!:1of the reactlons catalysed
l' ,
'} by these ccmplexes indicated that the mono-~-hydrido complexes reacted mainly as ,dimers and dichlorides ~nd di-u-,hydridocomplex [Ir(CSf.leS)HC1]Z
. \ ' 'reacted predominantly 4S monomer; mec~anisms are. pres~nted to dCco~nt for
these observations, !. (0)
.'- The hydrido complexes [(H(CSMeS)i Z
HC1
3
] and [lr(.CSMeS)HC1]Z 4'e
.also active catafysts for the isomerisation of olefins, .During the isom- . . ~
eri sa ti on of 4-methylcyc Iohexene by ['(l r( CSfi,eS)) ZOeI
3
], a ppeari\nce of a
hi gh fi el d hydride resonance was observed and thes,e re&c t ions are ~xp I ai ned
in" terms of a hydride addition~eliminationinechanism.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Performance of Various Grinding Wheels in Grinding Hardened Steels

contributor:
Tlusty, J.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
In this thesis an attempt is made to study the grinding wheel wear phenomena by analyzing the cutting force patterns, wheel wear and wear particles removed from the wheel.

Results of measurements of grinding forces and wheel wear, in addition to the scanning electron microscope observations, are presented for grinding hardened M2 tool steel and 52100 bearing steel. Plunge-type surface grinding tests were performed with different grade hardness wheels of aluminum oxide grains in vitrified bond.

Contrary to common belief, all wheels tested were found to maintain their grinding capability, during a long grinding operation. The method proposed, for evaluating the performance of grinding wheels from force pattern and grinding wheel wear, appears to present a clear picture of the wear phenomenon. And the method could be adopted for the selection of grinding wheels.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Minimax System Modelling and Design

contributor:
Bandler, John W.
Engineering

subject: Engineering Engineering

abstract: Computer-aided system modelling and design for minimax objectives have been considered in detail. A new algorithm for minimax approximation, calied the grazor search method, has been proposed and successfully used on a number of network design problems to test the reliability and efficiency of the method. A critical comparison of the method with existing algorithms has shown the grazor search algorithm to be reliable in most of the problems considered. Practical ideas have been presented to deal with constrained minimax optimization problems and to investigate a solution for minimax optimality. Two user-oriented computer programs incorporating these ideas have been included as part of the thesis. Lower-order modelling of a high-order system has been considered for minimax objectives, and the suggested ideas make it feasible to design automated models for a variety of transient and steady-state constraint specifications.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Hartree-Fock Calculations in Light Nuclei with Density Dependent Interactions

contributor:
Volkov, A. B.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Hartree-Fock calculations have been performed using several density dependent two-body effective interactions in structural calculations of light even-even, N = Z nuclei. Two distinct types of interactions have been employed. The first are simple density and momentum dependent delta function interactions, of which several variants are derived to reproduce observed features in nuclear matter and in the nuclear surface and two of the:.;e are used in structural calculations. The second type of interaction has finite range and has been derived elsewhere to fit certain observed criteria. Two representatives of this type are utilized.

The calculations emphasize the important role played by the spin dependence of the interaction (the spinorbit interaction), and the resemblance of the density distributions that result from the calculation to clusters of alpha particles.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Nonlinear Least pth Approximation and Nonlinear Programming with Applications in the Design of Networks and Systems

contributor:
Bandler, John W.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to present a unified treatment of nonlinear least pth and nonlinear minimax approximation problems, and a new method for nonlinear programming. Least pth approximation with values of p in the range 1,000 to 1,000,000 in conjunction with the Fletcher-Powell and Fletcher algorithms have been successfully applied to a variety of network and system optimization problems. A comparison is made between two new ~lgorithrns for nonlinear minimax approximation and some of the existing ones. Also, the new approach to nonlinear programming is compared with the well-known SUMT. A critical review of unconstrained optimization is also included.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Sedimentation Studies of Ionizing Radiation Damage in Mammalian DNA

contributor:
Skarsgard, L.D.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: The production of single strand breaks by ionizing radiation (ϒ-rays) in mammalian cell DNA was studied by a modified method of alkaline sucrose gradients. The effect of molecular oxygen and 2,4-dinitrophenol on the yield of single strand breaks was examined and the results are reported in this thesis. Also, subsequent rejoining of single strand breaks was studied.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Justifications of Punishment

contributor:
Hitchcock, David
Education

subject: Education Education

abstract:
The thesis examines the various justifications for punishment, utilitarian, deterrent, retributive, corrective and expressive. In turn, each of these is considered as the sole justification for the practice. It is argued that none of these are adequ6te, each theory having consequences that are morally or politically unacceptable. The possibility of a non-punitive system is also,briefly considered but lacking sufficient knowledge of any alternative means this cannot be regarded as a serious possibility. It is argued that it is very unlikely to become so.

The final chapters of the thesis examine a number of integrative or compromising theories that present dual justifications of punishment. These acknowledge the claims of more than one of the various justifications discussed initially and attempt to reconcile the different aims within a single framework. It is hoped that the arguments of the earlier chapters demonstrate that some such integrative account must be offered. The author concludes by briefly developing a dual justification that balances the claims of protection to members of society and the expression of society's condemnation through punitive sanctions.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)