title: Environmental Politics in the United Nations: An Analysis of the Role and Influence of the Less Developed Countries

contributor:
Winham, Gilbert R.
Political Science

subject:
Environmental politics
Less developed countries

abstract:
The thesis presented here analyzes the role of the
less developed countries in the environmental issues in the
United Nations, evaluates their influence, and analyzes the
determinants of this influence. Our study assumes certain
goal orientations of spokesmen for the less developed
countries. These goal orientations are derived from the
underdeveloped condition of most of these countries and their
continuing political and economic dependence. They attempt
to reduce this dependence through demands for radical transformations
in the international political economy. This is
done through negotiations with spokesmen for the developed
countries. The attainment of their objectives constitutes
an exercise of influence over their counterparts from the
developed countries. The outcomes themselves, for our study,
are less important than the interactions, styles,and conversion
of political resources into influence. Therefore, it is
on the dynamics of the North-South set of international
relations that this study focuses.
\~ile the environmental negotiations confirm the
persistence of a certain stable pattern of demands on the part
of the less developed countries, behavioral discontinuities,in
terms of methods or style of negotiation, are evident in a
review of the negotiations. Spokesmen for the less developed
countries seemed to prefer negotiated settlements to majority voting, which is a significant departure from their past
negotiating style. Bloc politics, therefore, need not always
be incompatible with negotiations. Spokesmen for most of the
developed countries were also unusually more accommodating in
their responses to the demands of the less developed countries.
The dispositions and interests of the former, the latter's
preference for bargaining over majority voting, as well as the
transnational character of most of the environmental issues,
partly made possible the unusual negotiating behavior of both
groups of countries. Another significant finding is that
the less developed countries (the weak} have some influance on
the developed countries (the strong} in negotiations. The
determinants of this influence must be sought in factors other
than economic, military, scientific-technological, and
communication capabilities on the one hand, or majority voting
on the other. This corroborates Professor Zartman's suggestion
that the role of power must be analyzed in the context of
negotiations.
Finally, the study presented here indicates that the
concept of environmental quality is broader and more complex
than the desire to prevent planetary collapse. There is more
to be learn~d about environmental politics in the UN than can
be gathered from popular literature. Scientists and advocates
of environmental control tend to treat the world globally and
ignore essential political differences. As much as the durability
of planet Earth is being challenged by the ecological issues, a scientific solution which is divorced from the
political context of the issues is not likely to be a realistic
response to the pressures in the contemporary international
political system. The success of the UN environmental
program substantially depends on the attitudes and policies of
the developed countries. Unless they are prepared to assume
additional moral, economic, and financial responsibilities for
making the simultaneous pursuit of development and environmental
protection goals possible in the less developed parts of the
world, a lingering disagreement is more likely to characterize
North-South dialogue on the environment.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Old Testament Quotations in the Synoptic Gospels, and the Two-document Hypothesis

contributor:
Westerholm, S. R.
Religious Studies

subject:
Old testament
Synoptic Gospels

abstract:
The two-document hypothesis (involving the claim that Mark is a source for Matthew and Luke) has long been regarded by the majority of New Testament scholars as firmly established. Recently its status has been challenged by proponents of the Griesbach hypothesis (by which Matthew is a source for Luke and Mark). Since much gospel research depends on the validity of the two-document hypothesis, resolution is urgently needed.
In 1863 Heinrich Julius Holtzmann argued that an examination of the Old Testament quotations in these three gospels would favour the two-document position. His argument depends on the existence of two groups of quotations in Matthew: those of Septuagintal text-type which Matthew copied from Mark, and those similar to the Hebrew, which Matthew preferred when on his own. My research indicates that these two groups cannot be clearly demarcated. Some quotations peculiar to Matthew are Septuagintal, and on only four occasions do Matthew and Mark both quote the Septuagint verbatim. Because grouping quotations by text-type proved inconclusive, a second method was used. A detailed comparison was made of the text of quotations which occur in more than one gospel. Then each of the two major positions in turn was assumed, to determine which would best explain the texts of the gospels for each quotation. The twodocument position had a decided edge (in those cases where a decision was possible).
In addition to helping to confirm the two-document hypothesis, this research resulted in two significant observations. First, Matthew follows his sources with great care. Second, even when quoting the Old Testament on his own, Matthew seems to rely for the most part on some form of the Septuagint. In combination, these two observations suggest that Matthew may have used ·a form of the Septuagint which in places was assimilated toward the Hebrew.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Meretrix Augusta: The Treatment of Messalina in Tacitus and Juvenal

contributor:
Murgatroyd, Dr. P
Classics

subject:
Meretrix Augusta
Tacitus and Juvenal

abstract:
Messalina's position at the pinnacle of power available to women in the Roman principate coupled with her notorious conduct made the empress an excellent target for Roman authors in the subsequent generations. In particular, Juvenal and Tacitus used Messalina and her illicit activities in their condemnations against the erosion of traditional Roman values.
In this thesis I examine the Latin text of Juvenal and Tacitus with special attention being paid to sound, vocabulary, structure, humour, and technical skills, and how the two authors employ these to enhance their literary portrait of Messalina. Also, I contrast the two portraits of the empress and discuss the causes of any similarities and differences found in them. In the end the reader is provided with an exhaustive look at the Latin and how the writers manipulate it in order to skew their audience' perception of Messalina.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Orthodoxy and Heresy in Western Asia Minor in the First Christian Century: A Dialogical Response to Walter Bauer

contributor:
Meyer, B.F.
Religious Studies

subject:
Asia minor
Walter Bauer

abstract:
Was there such a thing as "orthodoxy" in earliest Christianity? That was the question raised by Walter Bauer in his classic monograph, Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Chrsitianity. Bauer argued that the traditional Eusebian reconstruction of the primitive church was markedly defected, and against that reconstruction, he contended that heretical movements of the second century had as good a claim to apostolic traditions as did the catholic movement.
Although I agree with Bauer that the traditional reconstruction of the early church is unsound, I do not find that Bauer has offered a reconstruction engendering any firmer confidence. I challenge Bauer at two points. First, in chapter three, I attempt to determine whether Bauer's reconstruction makes sense of all the evidence. Then, I analyze the process by which groups come to self-consciousness. That is a two-sided matter. One is the fixing of a pool of acceptable diversity in which a group relates itself to the larger world of diversity (chapter four). The second is the process by which a group excludes various other diverse positions (chapter 5). Attention to these matters makes possible a more sensitive evaluation of the complexities that confronted the Christian community as it sought to define itself.
Having confined my investigation to the most significant area of the Christian mission at the turn of the century, my work provides a fresh reconstruction of the primitive church in western Asia Minor at a time when the process of self-definition was becoming the controlling issue.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Full Bridge DC/DC Converter with Zero Current Switching Synchronous Rectification for Auxiliary Power Units

contributor:
Emadi, Ali
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
Auxiliary power unit (APU) is a device that provides non-propulsion power in vehicles. In conventional commercial vehicles, APU is usually an alternator. For hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs), APU is a DC/DC converter. This APU provides power from the high voltage (HV) DC battery to the low voltage (LV) DC battery. The input side of the APU is the HV battery, which also provides power for the traction motor. The output side of the APU is the LV battery, which provides power for the electrical control systems and other electronic devices. Therefore, the design of the APU greatly impacts the operation and overall efficiency of the vehicle.
The design challenges of APU include large output current, strict efficiency requirement and low electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this thesis, a phase shifted full bridge (PSFB) DC/DC converter with current doubler synchronous rectifier is proposed for APU applications. The proposed converter is able to endure large output current with low power loss. In addition, soft switching is applied to the converter based on the load conditions. This can effectively reduce EMI and improve converter efficiency. Detailed converter operating principles and design considerations are described.
To further improve the converter efficiency, a zero current switching (ZCS) synchronous rectification (SR) control scheme is proposed. The proposed control scheme maximizes the SR MOSFET on-time and, therefore, reduces MOSFET body diode conduction loss. The proposed control scheme is verified by experimental results with a 2.4 kW, 100 kHz prototype.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Mindfulness in Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder

title: The Impact of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder

contributor:
McKinnon, Margaret
Key, Brenda
Neuroscience

abstract: Bipolar disorder is characterized by frequent episodes of depression and/or mania which results in tremendous amounts of disability. Rates of relapse are very high despite pharmacological treatments. Many studies have examined the effectiveness of conjunctive pharmacotherapy and some sort of psychosocial interventions in this patient population. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was primarily designed for patients with major depressive disorders as a method to prevent additional depressive recurrences. It has recently been implemented among bipolar patient groups as well. The central goals of this study were: to evaluate the impact of MBCT to reduce depressive symptoms in a group of bipolar and unipolar patients with current depressive symptoms, assess factors that might be mechanisms of action associated with depression reduction in MBCT and compare the result of the intervention between the bipolar and unipolar patient groups.  In this study, sixteen adult patients diagnosed with depression or bipolar disorder with current mild to moderate depressive symptoms participated in an 8-week MBCT group program within the same class settings. Depressive symptoms along with levels of mindfulness, self-compassion, rumination, sleep, anxiety and quality of life were assessed at pre-MBCT, post-MBCT and 3-month follow-up. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, changes in these variables were examined from pre to post-MBCT and from post-intervention to 3- month follow-up. We found similar significant changes across both patient groups in depression, rumination, and self-compassion, as well as the observe, act-aware and non-react subscales of mindfulness following MBCT. Only bipolar patients showed significant improvements in the non-judgement quality of mindfulness at post-intervention. In regards to mechanisms of action, significant correlations between reductions in rumination and depression levels were detected across both patient groups. Due to our small sample size mediation analyses could not be employed to further evaluate mechanisms of action. All improvements were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Future studies need to incorporate designs with a larger sample size which would  allow further evaluation and confirmation of potential mechanisms of change in MBCT with bipolar and unipolar depressed patients.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Health Sciences (MSc)


title: FEMALE SEX TOURISM IN JAMAICA: AN ARENA FOR ADAPTATION AND RECREATION FOR MARGINALIZED MEN

contributor:
Fetner, Tina
Sociology

subject:
Sex Tourism
Caribbean

abstract:
Using semi-structured interviews, this research brings to light the lived experiences of thirteen men informally employed as sex workers in Jamaica and  concentrates  on  both determining the motivations of Jamaican men involved in the informal sex trade and understanding the men's perceptions and understandings of the tourist women with whom they become involved with.
Female sex tourism  is found to be used in part as a mechanism for escaping poverty, allowing men to provide for their families, an important area for male identity in Jamaica. The sex tourism of Western women  also allows Jamaican men an arena to both secure sexual access to women as well as associated social status.
The link between sex tourism and racism, and the racial stereotypes that precede black men are very familiar to the male sex workers who regard racial motivations, ranging from the desire to experience 'something new' to  wanting to engage in sexual relations with 'real black men' to be the primary motivating factor for women who travel to Jamaica to engage in sexual relations with local men.
Using the conceptualizations of the Rude Boy and Rasta performances of masculinity, it is found that local men have cultivated the ability to deploy their masculinity and sexuality in ways that maximized their desirability to tourists, allowing them to perform the stereotyped roles of Jamaican masculinity in ways that accord to tourist women’s expectations.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL PAIN MAPPING TOOL USING ICONOGRAPHY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF SENSORY PAIN

contributor:
Henry, James L.
Harnish, Del
MacDermid, Joy
Stinson, Jennifer N.
Trim, Kristina
Medical Sciences (Neurosciences)

subject:
pain assessment
pain mapping
tool development
validation
chronic pain
adult
adolescent
e-health
digital
sensory pain
iconography
clinical feasibility
usability
content validation

abstract:
The overall theme of this thesis is the study of sensory pain assessment and describes how digital pain mapping using standardized iconography can be used to help portray and understand the sensory pain experience. The research presented in this thesis is focused on the design, development, and use of a web-based sensory pain assessment tool for individuals with chronic pain called the Pain-QuILT. “QuILT” is an acronym describing the different parameters that are captured by the tool: pain quality, intensity, and location in a digital format that can be tracked over time.
The central hypothesis guiding this work is that users of pain assessment tools will tend to favour a digital icon-based sensory pain mapping tool (‘PainQuILT’) over currently available sensory pain assessment tools. “Pain assessment tool” has been operationally defined as a standardized method for capturing information about an individual’s sensory pain experience. In this context, “users” include both individuals experiencing chronic pain and healthcare providers who seek to assess and understand pain.
Research to date has focused on phased evaluation of the Pain-QuILT in the context of clinical sensory pain assessment for two distinct user groups: adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years) and adults (aged 19 years and older) with chronic pain. Each stage of research has generated and been informed by user feedback, leading to iterative improvements in tool functionality. Thus, as a whole, this body of work represents an evolving effort to improve the clinical assessment of sensory pain using the approach of icon-based pain mapping in a digital and visual format.
Through the collective research presented in this thesis, we have affirmed that digital pain mapping using iconography is a viable solution to the clinical challenge of sensory pain assessment in adolescents and adults with chronic pain.

abstract: Dissertation

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: FRECHET MEANS OF RIEMANNIAN DISTANCES: EVALUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

contributor:
Wong, Kon Max
Jeremic, Alexandar
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
The space of symmetric positive definite matrices forms a manifold with an ambient  is  Euclidean space. In order to measure the distances between the objects on this manifold several metrics have been proposed. In this work we study the concept of averaging over the elements of the manifold by using the notion of Frechet mean. The main advantageous of this method is its connection to the metrics as a result of which we can utilize the Reimannian distances to obtain the mean of positive definite matrices. We consider three Reimannian metrics which have been developed on the manifold of symmetric positive definite matrices. The methods of obtaining the Frechet mean in the case of each metric will be discussed. The performance of each estimator will be demonstrated by using models based on matrix Cholesky factor, matrix square root and matrix logarithm. The deviation from the nominal covariance in each case will be evaluated using loss function,  Euclidean distance and root Euclidean distance. We will see that depending on the model under investigation, Frechet mean of Reimannian distances performs better in most of the cases.

  In terms of application, we analyse the performance of each Frechet mean estimator in a classification task. For this purpose we evaluate the method of distance to the center of mass using the simulated data. This method will also be applied on the high content cell image data set in order to classify the cells with respect to the type of treatment that has been used.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Science in Engineering (MSE)


title: The Interregional Impact of Federal Grants to Provincial Governments

contributor:
Johnson, J.A.
Economics

subject: interregional, Federal, Input-Output, analysis, employment income, health, social welfare, education,

abstract:
This study develops a methodology to analyze the interregional
impact of Federal grants to provincial governments. The approach is an
application of Input-Output analysis. The methodology is empirically
implemented to illustrate the extent that employment income generated by
Federal grants to a province spills over into other regions. These
spillovers are recorded at an individual industry level and at the
regional level. Four grant programs are investigated. These are equalization
payments, and three conditional grants: health, social welfare,
and education.
An interregional Input-Output model is developed for sixteen industries in five regions: the Atlantic provinces, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and the United States. For each region, the government sector is specified by five final demand vectors which correspond to the three expenditure categories of the conditional grant programs, transportationcommunication, and a general category which includes all other provincial government expenditures. This empirical model is based on three sources: the interregional Input-Output table of Canada developed by the Agricultural Economic Research Council, five provincial government expenditure functions estimated for each Canadian region in the model, and the regional government final demand vectors.
The results indicate that the gross employment income generated by federal grants is partially contained within the region receiving the ,grant. Ten dollar per capita increases in equalization payments to individual regions generate additional employment income in other regions which varies from $0.63 to $0.03 per capita. In all cases, these per capita spillovers are less than.the per capita employment income generated in the recipient region.For all equalization payments, Ontario received the greatest per~capita spillin followed by Quebec. The smallest per capita spillin accrues to either the Atlantic provinces or the United States. In general, this pattern of spillovers reflects the pattern of employment income.generated in each industry of these regions as equalization payments are increased. However, exceptions are observed. For example, the spillover to the Quebec leather and textile industry which is generated by the equalization payment to Manitoba is larger than the local employment income effect in this industry.
A similar pattern of regional per capita spillovers is observed for conditional grants. In general, the largest per capita spillovers are generated by conditional health grants.
Overall, the methodology and results indicate how federal grant programs can accommodate interregional spillovers and their consequences for the regional and interindustry distribution of employment income.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the New Testament: Defining the People of God

subject:
New Testament
People of God

abstract:
The purpose of this study is to trace out the theme of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit throughout the Old Testament promises and the New Testament fulfillment. It is argued that the possession ofthe prophetic Spirit is one ofthe important identity markers of the early Christian church.
The first chapter deals with the role of the Spirit in Second Temple Judaism. Jewish texts preceding and subsequent to the New Testament are used to piece together the Jewish understanding of the Spirit in the Second Temple period. This chapter deals primarily with the theory of the cessation of the Spirit in Second Temple Judaism. It is the argument of this chapter that the Second Temple view was that the Spirit continued to be active but that the Spirit's prophetic role was transformed after the last biblical prophet.
The second chapter deals with the outpouring of the Spirit in the prophecies of lsaiah and Ezekiel. More important than Isaiah and Ezekier s original intent is how these prophecies were understood in Second Temple Judaism. It is argued that the Jewish exile was understood as continuing in a spiritual sense beyond the return to Palestine. As a result. Isaiah and Ezekiers prophecies which were originally linked to their own historical situations were given an expanded theological context. Isaiah and Ezekiers prophecies are arranged according to the following themes: 1) the Spirit and the Messiah. 2) the Spirit and eschatology. 3) the prophetic Spirit. 4) the pouring out of the Spirit upon the people, 5) the Spirit and obedience. 6) the Spirit of redemption. and 7) the Spirit of justice and reconciliation. The third chapter is an exegesis ofthe best known prophecy ofthe outpouring ofthe Spirit: Joel 2:28-32. Joel's prophecy is studied in its original historical context as well as how it was interpreted in Second Temple Judaism. The prophecy of Joel presents an eschatological outpouring ofthe Spirit upon "all flesh." Joel develops the definition of"all flesh" by specifying that all gender, age and social barriers are removed. Joel continues his prophecy by speaking ofthe judgement ofthe nations on the Day ofthe Lord.
The fourth chapter is a study of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the synoptic Gospels. the Gospel of John and the Pauline epistles. It is demonstrated that the synoptic Gospels see the coming of the Spirit primarily in terms of Jesus' possession of the Spirit, although there is a promise that Jesus would baptize people with the Holy Spirit. John's understanding of the pouring out of the Spirit is that the Spirit would be given after Jesus' death and that the Spirit would function in the role of the "Paraclete." Paul saw the possession ofthe Spirit as being vital for the church's unity.
The final chapter deals with the outpouring of the Spirit in Luke-Acts. While the Gospel of Luke focuses primarily on Jesus' possession of the Spirit. there are hints of the future inclusive possession of the Spirit. The fulfillment ofJoel's prophecy that "all flesh" would receive the Spirit is fulfilled at Pentecost. The church struggles with the inclusivity of the Gospel. and it is only after similar Spirit outpourings that various fringe groups are accepted into fellowship.
The conclusion ofthis study is that the Spirit was an important identity marker for the early church. Possession of the Spirit broke dov.n many societal distinctions and created unity among believers. Although possession ofthe Spirit was not the only identity marker, it was an important theme for the early church.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Theology (Th.M)


title: Romance and Romanticism in the Fiction of Thomas Hardy

contributor:
Ross, Michael L.
English

subject:
Thomas Hardy
Fiction writings

abstract:
The intention of this study is to examine the use of non-realistic materials in the fiction of Thomas Hardy. Although on the surface Hardy's work appears to be in the realistic tradition, several of his prose fictions are really closer to romance, and all of them will, on examination, be found to contain at least some romance elements. In this study the term "romance" denotes a type of prose fiction which draws on non-realistic materials and which introduces situations that depart from the ordinary rules of probability.
Closely connected to Hardy's predilection for romance is his use of myth, folklore, ballad motifs, symbolic episodes and evocative settings. These very diverse techniques do not necessarily originate in romance. Some of them are more commonly associated with poetry than with prose fiction. But they do blend easily into the romance atmosphere. They help to make a unity, create a mood and establish a world which is unique in the nineteenth-century novel. To read Hardy properly, it is therefore necessary to suspend disbelief in a way we are not normally expected to do in a realistic novel, and to approach his work more as we would that of a poet.
Hardy was strongly influenced by the great Romantics, particularly by the Gothic aspects of their work. But he was also concerned with the attitudes of the nature poets --especially Wordsworth's --to man, God and nature. As an heir to the Romantics, Hardy grew up assuming nature to be the reflection of a divine order. The loss of faith that overcame him as a young man eroded this assumption, but, as happens with many of us, the emotional side of Hardy could not easily be reconciled to what his intellect ascertained to be the truth. This ambivalence gives rise to the characteristic tension in his work between reason and emotion, between the real and the unreal, between man-made codes of behaviour and the more natural physical urges of human beings.
Hardy's intuitiveness is nowhere more evident than in his handling of the relations of the sexes. Hence his interest in the process of courtship. Above all, Hardy was impressed by the tremendous power of sexual desire and its tendency to deceive people and trap them in situations which thwart their ambitions and often doom them to unhappiness.
I have chosen to examine the foregoing motifs in detail, as they appear in a limited number of Hardy's works, rather than to skim superficially over the bulk of the fiction and poetry in what would inevitably become a tedious survey. The introductory chapter briefly considers Hardy's upbringing and interests; it then examines the nonrealistic materials, particularly those from romance literature and from Romantic poetry, that appealed to Hardy's imagination. The next three chapters deal consecutively with Hardy's first three published novels --DesEerate Remedies, Under the Greenwood Tree and A Pair of Blue Eyes --minor fictions, but indicative of Hardy's characteristic themes and techniques. Chapters V and VI discuss two neglected works of Hardy's middle period --A Laodicean and Two on a Tower. Chapter VII
considers two shorter fictions --"The Romantic Adventures of a Milkmaid" and "The Fiddler of the Reels". In an effort to show how the techniques derived from romance and Romanticism reached fruition in the Wessex novels, The l\'oodlanders has been chosen to complete the study.
Critics usually condemn Hardy's minor fictions; nevertheless it can be shown that they are entirely characteristic of the man, that they contain episodes that are worthy of our attention and that their relative neglect is unfortunate. This study is therefore an attempt, on a modest scale, to right a certain imbalance in Hardy studies and to reveal the major themes and techniques of a popular though, in regard to part of his achievement, a slighted writer.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The "Kingdom of Priests" in the Book of Jubilees

contributor:
Schuller, E.
Religious Studies

subject:
Kingdom of Priests
Jubilees

abstract: This thesis explores the concept of the "kingdom of priests," as presented by the Second Century BCE text, The Book of Jubilees. It is argued that this phrase, drawn from Exod 19, has been interpreted by the author of Jubilees to mean that any male member of Israel may potentially serve as a priest. This priestly role, however, cannot be actualized due to the sinfulness of Israel, particularly in its association with and acceptance of gentiles and gentile practices. The model of a priestly Israel is presented in Jubilees through its portrayals of the major figures of biblical history as priests. This thesis will explore these priestly portrayals, with special attention given to Adam, in order to demonstrate that Jubilees believed all of Israel to have priestly potential.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Primacy of Freedom in Rousseau's Discours sur les Sciences et les Arts as related to the Contrat Social and the Emile

contributor:
Aster, H.
Grant, G.P.
Political Science

subject:
freedom
primacy
Rousseau
irreconsilables
political theory

abstract:
 The emphasis in the thesis is on demonstrating the absolute primacy of freedom (autonomy) in Rousseau's thought. The intention of the thesis is to suggest some of the problemmatic 'irreconcilables' inherent in any attempt to construct a political theory within the constraint of the primacy of freedom. This emphasis and intention is attempted through analysis of the concluding paragraphs of the Discours sur les Sciences et les Arts in relation to the Contrat Social and the Emile.

 The actual thesis of the thesis is formulated to reflect the primacy of freedom in Rousseau's thought and is stated as follows: The concluding paragraphs of Rousseau's first Discoursedelineate a paradigm within the context of which Rousseau will later formulate his political projection, the Contrat Social, and his educational projection, the Emile. The terms 'paradigm' and 'projection' are used advisedly within the context of their centrality to modern thought. While recognizing that Rousseau did not use these terms in their evolved sense, the conceptual framework out of which they developed may be found in Rousseau's thought, particularly within the concluding paragraphs of the first Discourse.

 Part I of the dissertation explores the paradigm outlined in the concluding paragraphs of the first Discourse. Specifically, Chapter I explores Rousseau's concept of freedom in relation to nature as manifest in the state of nature and human nature. Freedom is related to independence (vis-a-vis other men) and free-agency (vis-a-vis nature) and these two components form the basis for a typology of freedom that will be used throughout the thesis: natural freedom, misused freedom, and radical freedom. Chapter II examines Rousseau's historical perspective and his account in the first Discourse of the devolution of natural freedom into misused freedom (exercise of negative free-agency and loss of independence). Chapter III discusses Rousseau's concept of 'art' in order to further elucidate his concept of freedom and to reconcile Rousseau's praise of science in the concluding paragraphs with his attack on the arts and sciences earlier in the Discourse. Chapter IV contrasts the art of thinking', which Rousseau condemns, with the great science of Bacon, Newton and Descartes. Rousseau's designation of these men as the 'precepteurs du Genre-humain' , his description of the nature of their thought, and his demand that they be bound only by their own hopes, all demonstrate the extent to which Rousseau understood the relationship between freedom and projection that was to characterize modern thought. Chapter V identifies three types of virtue in Rousseau's thought (all of which are contrasted with the 'art of manners' attacked in the first Discourse): innocent virtue emanating from the primary goodness of man, political virtue based on the horizon of patriotism and religion, and autonomous virtue which is a type of self-legislation. Innocent virtue is simulated in Emile by the tutor and political virtue is established in the citizens by the legislator, whereas autonomous virtue characterizes those who are capable of exercising radical freedom.

 In Part II, Chapter VI summarizes the paradigm outlined in Part I to serve as the basis for analyzing Rousseau's political and educational projections. Chapter VII explores the relationship between the legislator, who is identified as a 'precepteur du Genre-humain', that is, as one capable of exercising radical freedom, and the citizens of the general will state. This relationship is seen as a manifestation of the distinction Rousseau makes at the conclusion of the first Discourse between 'deux grands Peuples; que l'on savoit bien dire, et l'autre bien faire'. Chapter VIII parallels Chapter VII, by viewing the Emile as Rousseau's own projection within the context of the paradigm found in the first Discourse, particularly in the assignation of the tutor as a 'precepteur du Genre-humain' and in his relationship to Emile. Throughout my analysis, the emphasis is on demonstrating the primacy of freedom in all areas of Rousseau's thought: freedom for Rousseau is both the highest philosophic principle and the fundamental fact of human existence; it is the primacy of freedom that characterizes man's original condition, his fundamental desire and fundamental right; it is freedom that is the root and end of the just society.

 In this emphasis on the primacy of freedom in Rousseau's thought, the thesis makes a signficant contribution to Rousseauan scholarship by providing a new perspective on the overall unity and consistency of Rousseau's thought, while, in a broader context, using Rousseau as the medium for exploring those irreconcilables which have become endemic to modernity's attempts to think together the exaltation of freedom (autonomy) as the highest good with the exigencies of political order.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Genetics of Nutrient Consumption and an Evolutionary Perspective of Eating Disorders

contributor: Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics

subject:
obesity
polygenic obesity
BMI
SNP
gene score
energy intake
macronutrient
eating disorders
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
binge eating disorder
thrifty genotype hypothesis
adapted to flee famine hypothesis

abstract: Obesity prevalence continues to increase worldwide, yet few safe and effective treatment options are available suggesting there needs to be a greater emphasis on preventing rather than treating obesity. This research investigated the association of obesity predisposing SNPs and a gene score with nutrient consumption patterns including total energy intake and macronutrient distribution in a European ancestry population as well as discussing an evolutionary perspective on eating disorders using current epidemiological evidence to identify genes which may be involved. The association of two of the 14 obesity predisposing SNPs and the gene score with BMI was confirmed in the EpiDREAM population. Novel associations between two SNPs located in or near BDNF (rs6265 and rs1401635) were found with total fat, MUFA, and PUFA intake. Rs1401635 was also associated with total energy and trans fat intake. Novel associations of rs6235 (PCSK1) and the gene score were found with total energy intake. The novel associations found indicate that food related behaviours are one of the mechanisms of action through which obesity predisposing SNPs cause obesity and therefore warrant further investigation. The lack of association among all genes and the modest association of the gene score show that mechanisms other than food consumption are important. The investigation of the evolutionary history of eating disorders revealed that the adapted to flee famine hypothesis is a plausible theory explaining anorexia nervosa while the thrifty genotype hypothesis provides a possible explanation for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. These evolutionary theories can be applied to identify new candidate genes as well as phenotypic traits to investigate to better understand the genetic architecture of eating disorders. Understanding genes associated with disordered eating patterns may highlight future areas for obesity prevention.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)

abstract: A large percentage of the risk of developing obesity or an eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder) is determined by genetics. For obesity, many genes have been identified as influencing risk, but the mechanisms through which the genes work are largely unknown. For eating disorders, gene identification efforts have been mostly unsuccessful and no mechanisms of action have been determined. In the first component of this thesis we found an association between previously identified obesity risk genes and food intake, specifically the total number of calories consumed per day and the percentage of calories from total fat and fat subtypes. These results support that food related behaviours are possible mechanisms of action which need to be further investigated. In the second half of the thesis we viewed eating disorder behaviours from an evolutionary perspective. We concluded that there are theories that possibly explain eating disorder behaviours including being able to live off of small quantities of food as well as binging. These evolutionary theories can be applied to identify new genes to study in the context of eating disorders as well as different definitions of eating disorders.


title: Curriculum Destine aux Franco-Ontariens a Hamilton

subject: Curriculum Franco-Ontario

abstract:
Ontario history is riddled with challenges to the survival of the French language in the province. Today, the issue of language maintenance is a serious one for Franco Ontarians living in areas where French is the language of the minority. Much needs to be done in the area of language maintenance and it is up to area French language schools to ensure the survival of the language.
This project attempts to examine the history which has led Franco-Ontarians to the issue of language maintenance, the government's and the school's role with respect to ensuring the survival of French and to develop a curriculum unit whose purpose is to encourage students to capitalize on the use of their language of origin and culture by developing cultural pride and encouraging them to develop social networks outside the school.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)


title: Developing a Framework: Morality's Role In The Law

contributor:
Waluchow, W.J.
Philosophy

subject:
Morality Role in the law
Framework

abstract: Far too often, theorists talk past one another making it difficult to compare and contrast the differing viewpoints. Described by what I term the 'problem of clarity,' much legal discourse has suffered at the hands of misunderstood views and lack of attention paid to focusing on arguing the truth or falsity of the same propositions. In this dissertation, I aim to develop a conceptual framework through which past, present and future debates may be understood. Focusing on morality's role in the law, this thesis sets out to alleviate the problem of clarity as it affects discourse in jurisprudence. Distinguishing objects from theories, I proceed to outline various 'levels' at which we may understand morality as functioning in law. Morality's role in law, I argue, can be understood as falling under one of three distinct levels: the 'practice-level,' the 'theoretical-level,' or the 'meta-theoretical-level.' In putting forth this framework, I hope to provide guidelines through which legal theorists will be able to focus concerns and debates. It is the aim of this thesis to help alleviate the difficulties arising out of the problem of clarity, for example, by providing a framework in which theorists will be able to work, specifically in matters concerning morality's role in law.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Women's Mourning in the Striparvan of the Mahabharata

contributor:
Granoff, P.
Religious Studies

subject:
Womens mourning
Striparvan of the Mahabharata

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to present various themes concerning women's mourning in the Striparvan of the Mahabharata. This paper is intended as a preliminary study upon which further work on death, grief and mourning in the Mahabharata may be built. Owing to this focus, it attempts to connect those themes found in the Sfripa1Van with similar themes found elsewhere in the Mahabharata.
In this thesis, the mourning behaviour of the women is divided into three separate categories: the appearance of the women, the actions of the women, and the laments that the women utter. Each category is presented as it is found in the text, and analyzed accordingly. There is a strong emphasis on the symbolic and metaphorical connections between these women and other liminal beings, such as ascetics, menstruating women, gods, and animals. The meaning of these connections is subsequently explored.
There are three significant findings within this thesis that stem from the analysis of the categories of mourning behaviour. Firstly, the symbolic and metaphorical links that mourning women have with the beings mentioned above lend the women an aura of power that is primarily used to hurt curses that destroy entire lineages. It is argued here that these curses are part of a background of women's curses that cause most of the suffering in the main plot of the Mahabharata.
Mourning women also possess many erotic characteristics that are found both in their laments as well as through their metaphorical connections with other liminal beings. The main element of this eroticism is the expression of frustrated fertility. This frustrated fertility becomes destructive through symbolic connections with the doomsday mare. The longer the duration of the frustration, the more destructive the women become.
Finally, the women's laments indicate that they firmly support the code of duty (ksatradharma) that warriors (ksatriyas) are supposed to adhere to. Just as the main villian Duryodhana does, the women place a priority on k~atradharma as a system of moral judgement. Owing to this priority, the women emphasize the responsibilty of humans for their own moral actions, which is directly opposed to the theological solution of Vaisniava bhakti (devotion) as it is presented in the text by the divine Krsna.
The thesis concludes with some speculations as to the direction that further research on the same topic may take. An emphasis on men's grief and mourning is indicated.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Journeys: A Catholic Language Unit For Grade Eight

contributor:
Ferns, Dr. John
English

subject:
Catholic language
Grade eight

abstract: The purpose of this project is to describe the necessary elements and process involved in the development of a Language Arts unit for Grade Eight students in Catholic Schools entitled "Journeys". The project focuses on the importance of Catholic education and curriculum, as well as on the developmental characteristics and educational needs of the students to which the unit is geared. The unit itself is based on the expectations as outlined in The Ontario Curriculum and on the principles of Curriculum development and Catholic Curriculum design and implementation. The completed "Journeys" unit, ready for teacher and student use, is the result of the information obtained and is included at the end of the project.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)


title: Freedom and Time in Kierkegaard's The Concept of Anxiety

contributor:
Weeks, Dr. Ian G.
Religious Studies

subject:
Kierkegaard
Concept of anxiety

abstract:
This dissertation is a commentary on one of Spren Kierkegaard's most difficult works, The Concept of Anxiety. Its aim is to show that Kierkegaard does not have a modern existentialist understanding of the self. It is in his treatment of the problems of freedom and time in The Concept of Anxiety that the differences of his thought from the tradition of existentialism can be most clearly seen. The doctrine which is central to existentialism, according to which man makes himself and is therefore the creator of all meaning and value, is often attributed by some commentators to the thought of Kierkegaard. It is my claim that such a doctrine is incompatible with the religious basis of Kierkegaard's view of the self. For Kierkegaard the freedom of the self does not consist in the fact that the possibilities for choice are unlimited. The self becomes free only by acknowledging its dependence on a reality which is external to the self and which eternally defines it. Kierkegaard's view of freedom and the self is closer to that of Augustine's, according to which the self becomes free by being bound to God. Freedom is therefore not an immediate possession of the self but something which must be acquired by virtue of the supernatural action of grace, the origin of which is God.
A corollary of the existentialist view of the self is that the self is inextricably caught within time relations, and therefore perpetually divided from the presence of the eternal. Kierkegaard's argument, as it is presented in The Concept of Anxiety, assumes, on the contrary, that for the self to be a self it must come into a real relation to the eternal in what he calls the "Moment". I will argue on the basis of this interpretation that Kierkegaard's articulation of the self's relation to time further differentiates him from the existentialist tradition. This conclusion also flows from the fact that Kierkegaard's understanding of the self is a theological one.
Though it is quite widely held that Kierkegaard was the found.er of the existentialist movement, it will be my argument that such an assumption is based on a misconception. Though certain writers of the twentieth century adopted Kierkegaard as their own, they did so only by truncating the basic elements of his view of the self.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Disguise and Role-playing in Ben Jonson's Drama

subject:
role-playing
Ben Jonson

abstract: Because of their obvious value in plot-complication, disguise-devices were very popular amongst Renaissance play-wrights; occasionally they were used with freshness and originality, but more often did not escape the dullness of convention. Disguise figures prominently in Jonson's comedy, and a close examination of the way in which the dramatist employs disguise demonstrates that he endows it with a particular significance that is consistent throughout his dramatic career. Jonson's affection for Stoic doctrine is well known, and he is especially concerned with that part of the doctrine that sees it as a man's moral duty to create an identity for himself and to remain constant to it. The foolish or vicious man is characterized by his unwillingness to accept such identity, or his inability to create it, by his preference for the mask. Putting this metaphor into action, Jonson creates a satiric world of disguisers and role-players, of men who create an illusion of themselves by a change in appearance, or by verbal disguise. But there is always a moral weight attached to the use of disguise: a disguise is criticized for that very activity. A chronological examination of the plays demonstrates how critical the disguiser, looking real identity, is to Jonson's moral vision, and further demonstrates how little this vision changed throughout his career. More important, an understanding of the function of the disguiser is helpful, and often crucial, for an understanding of the ethical direction of the plays. For Jonson's world is generally a world without norms, a world entirely made up of villains, where wit rather than morality seems to be triumphant. But the disguiser himself implies a norm, insofar as he implies the alternative possibility of Stoic integrity and authenticity. And although this Stoic figure rarely appears in the plays, he is prominent in Jonson's poetry. An understanding of Jonson's attitude toward the play-actor also helps explain our uneasiness in accepting apparent norms like Truewit and Quarlos, whose triumph is one of wit rather than superior morality; for by their implication in the general role-playing they prove themselves to be, finally, as empty as those they mock. This study substantiates the view that Jonson is always moralist, even when there are no moral spokesman in his plays, and that a clear understanding of his plays requires an understanding of his subtly ironic viewpoint. Indeed, it is those plays which have a moral spokesman that are his least successful. Further, it underlines the unity of his vision, not simply in individual plays, but throughout the body of his work. Finally, it helps explain the disturbing ambiguity which Jonson shows toward his chosen medium, the stage.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Jesus and the Scriptures: An Inquiry into Jesus' Self-understanding

contributor:
Meyer, Ben F.
Religious Studies

subject:
Self-understanding
Jesus scriptures

abstract:
The purpose of this study is to make a fresh treatment of the question of Christian origins, especially the beginnings of New Testament christology, by a holistic approach. More specifically, this study will show that, contrary to the form-critical view, the christological themes of the New Testament originated with Jesus himself, not with the post-Easter church.
The movement of exposition will be threefold. We shall begin with an investigation of the mentality of Second-Temple Judaism and, in particular, of the eschatologically-minded in this period (Part One): The main focus will be on the mode of scriptural reading of the eschatologically-minded. Next, we shall move to the Jesus tradition to show that Jesus perceived his eschatological ministry as climactic and definitive (Part Two): This analysis will show how deeply Jesus shared the eschatological mode of scriptural reading. Finally, based on the conclusions of the first two parts, we shall make an attempt to retrieve some significant aspects of Jesus' self understanding (Part Three): This study will contribute to the New Testament scholarship in several ways. First of all, it will confirm a recent discovery in respect to Jesus' aims. He aimed for the restoration of Israel, and the scriptural themes of
election shaped his self-understanding. Second, our study will show that the form-critical description of Christian origins is in need of revision. Third, our study has a bearing on the study of the Gospel tradition. Scholars have regarded the citations from and allusions to the Scriptures in the Jesus tradition as an indication of secondary origin. Our investigation, however, yields no support to this assumption. Finally, our study will test the advantages of the holistic approach which we shall employ in the following pages.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Families and Land in Toronto Gore Township, Peel County, Ontario, 1820-1890

contributor:
Gagan, D.P.
History

subject: Toronto Gore Township

subject: 1820-1890

abstract:
This study identifies permanence, the search for it and its attainment, as the most important variable influencing social, economic and demographic behaviour in rural society. The dissertation examines the interaction between families and land between 1820 and 1890 in a rural mid-Victorian Upper Canadian community, Toronto Gore township. The Gore of Toronto, one of the prime wheat producing townships in nineteenth century Ontario, is a wedge-shaped tract of land of some nineteen thousand acres situated fifteen miles northwest of Toronto.
The theoretical underpinning for the study is Richard Easterlin's consumption/inheritance model for the behaviour of rural societies. This is butressed by historical studies of the American midwest as well as studies of rural Ontario by David Gagan, Marvin Mclnnis and Lorne Tepperman. These studies, as well as the data for Toronto Gore, are used to demonstrate that the processes of social change in rural society were related to incursions of economic stress arising out of land and population pressure. Stress was accompanied by demonstrable changes in demographic and economic behaviour at the household level. Toronto Gore was subjected to two forms of economic stress during the period. The first arose from agricultural change and the demands for land made by immigrants and a maturing younger generation. The second was a crisis of shorter term that began in 1857 with the collapse of the wheat market and was exacerbated two years later by a drastic decline in land values. In responding to these crises the younger generation postponed marriage and family formation. The older generation limited marital fertility and adopted devices for the distributuon of property that would protect
the productivity and profitability of the land. These changes, which
conform to the broad outlines of the Easterlin model and the actual historical experience of populations elsewhere, suggest that the Gore's households were not unusual in their behaviour.
The major thrust of the dissertation, however, is that permanence was the most important variable influencing the timing and degree of change. The foundation for permanence was laid during the settlement phase when approximately one hundred families put down roots. Three generations later most of those families were still represented among the township's householders. Others have identified core populations during the settlement phase but thus far no one has systematically studied their behaviour. For Toronto Gore, techniques of family reconstitution developed by French and English demographers are used to reconstruct the population and family relationships. In three generations, intermarriage knit the permanent families into a cohesive group. They owned the largest farms, had the largest households, and were the leaders of the principal social and political institutions. Their children had the best opportunities of acquiring places for themsleves in the township. They maintained their relative prosperity because,. as a group, they were more sensitive to economic change. In times of economic stress they reacted quickly to protect what they had. Their neighbours responded much more slowly and adjustments in their demographic behaviour appeared almost a decade later.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Comic Grotesque and War in Selected Renaissance and Eighteenth-Century Prose

contributor:
Roebuck, G.W.
English

subject:
18th Century
Comic grotesque and war

abstract:
This dissertation examines how the comic grotesque is used to address the subject of war in selected prose. The Introduction reviews the essential ludicrous-fearful duality of the grotesque. "Comic Grotesque" refers to examples which emphasize the ludicrous. An organic link exists between the nature of war and the grotesque form.
Part One deals with Renaissance selections. The first is the slaughter of the rebels in Sidney's Arcadia, which parodies epic-battle motifs. The princes dispatch the rebels in a series of gruesome and humorous portraits. Nashe's The Unfortunate Traveller contains two grotesque battles. Jack wants to join the stronger side at the Marignano blood bath but soon flies off to the Munster uprising. Jack's grotesque similes and Rabelaisian vitality characterize him as a picaresque hero. Burton's tirade against war in The Anatomy of Melanchols exposes all the absurdities of war but with comic exaggeration. The tirade is part of the greater dilemma of not knowing whether to laugh with Democritus or cry with Heraclitus. To understand Burton's paradoxical view of war, the tirade must be seen within the context of the entire Anatomy.
Part Two looks at eighteenth-century selections. The pettiness and horror of war are recurrent themes in Gulliver's Travels. Swift is particularly interested in the unreason of war engines and the perverse delight which men take in the spectacle of battle. Smollett's Roderick Random documents the military experiences of another picaresque hero who sees action in the War of Jenkins's Ear and the battle of Dettingen. Like Jack Wilton, Roderick only enlists in the army to support himself. Perhaps the most memorable comic grotesque statement on war comes in Sterne's Tristram Shandy. The bowling green diversion may be harmless play, but it is also tied to Marlborough's actual campaigns. Paradoxically, uncle Toby's war wound is an emblem of love.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Tennyson's Paired Poems

contributor:
Ferns, Dr. H.J.
English

subject: Tennyson's Poems

abstract:
Throughout his poetic career, Tennyson wrote several poems in pairs, and others in small groups and longer sequences. These poems form such a significant part of his canon, and include some of his most famous and impressive work, that ~hey should play an important part in the current revaluation of the poet. Tennyson's early experiments in writing paired poems began while he was at Cambridge, and reflect his formal studies and the discussions of the Apostles, as well as certain aspects of his temperament.
The early pairs, such as "The Merman" and "The Mermaid", "Nothing Will Die" and "All Things Will Die", and "The Poet" and "The Poet's Mind", all reveal a characteristic mode of expression which Christopher North, in an early review of Tennyson, analyzed in another context as an "aversion from the straightforward and strong simplicity of nature and truth." But what North condemns is, for Tennyson, an attempt to convey different attitudes and frames of mind, to transcend the straight-forward and obvious, in search of the complexity of a broader truth. This first, exploratory phase culminates in The Lover's Tale which, although not a paired poem, in its complete form deals with varying perspectives on a particular incident. It is in the context of these earlier poems that we should read Tennyson's pendant poems, "Ulysses" and ''Tithonus". The death of Arthur Hallam in 1833 must not obscure the fact that in these poems, Tennyson depicts two mythological figures who voice contradictory views on the value of human striving and the attainment of divine knowledge. The dilemma of how to reconcile two opposing points of view is dealt with most extensively and resolved more successfully in The Princess where all the philosophical, thematic, generic, technical, and structural contraries are subordinated to the ideas of a "medley'' and marriage,/ both of which effect a reconciliation without denying individuality as a prior condition. In his later career Tennyson completed three important pairs of sequel poems, two of them rounding off poems published by 1842, the "Oenone" and the "Locksley Hall" poems;the'~orthern Farmer" poems are entirely a product of his later years, as are the others written in dialect. In these sequels, Tennyson emphasises differences in time more than differences in speaker. Time, change, and the prospect of death become, not surprisingly, prominent themes, not in their own right, but to recall the old themes of open-mindedness and skepticism concerning the limitations of human knowledge, and Tennyson's unshaken faith in the ultimate value and reality of the spiritual world.
Tennyson's paired poems are important for an understanding of not only The Lover's Tale and The Princess, but also of his other major poems --In Memoriam, Maud, the Idylls of the King --and of his major historical plays. All of these can be shown to draw considerable technical and thematic strength from the paired poems. On a more sophisticated level, they reflect the two essential characteristics of Tennyson's poetry discussed here --complete fidelity to the details of experience, and a flexible and tolerant attitude to this world balanced by an awareness of the transcendent value of divine insight attained in death or at the end of history, and in rare moments of mystical revelation.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Structural and Thematic Use of Irish History in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake

contributor:
John, Brian
English

subject:
Irish history
Finnegans Wake

abstract: The object of this study is to discover whether Joyce's many allusions to events and personages from Ireland's history and mythology are incidental to the main narrative of Finnegans Wake, or whether they serve an intrinsic thematic and structural function. Chapter 2 examines the general theories which underlie Joyce's use of the past in his novel. From Vico he derived his conception of the cyclical progress of history, and from Bruno a notion of conflict based on the confrontation of opposites. In the writings of Quinet Joyce discovered a metaphor for recurrence in the image of flowers which continue to flourish regardless of the rise and fall of civilizations. These general concepts found in Irish dimension in the work of Stefan Czarnowski. He examined the process of mythologization by which St. Patrick became absorbed into the cultural mould of the earlier Celtic heroes, and provided a parallel for Joyce's identification of his characters which corresponding figures in the past. Furthermore, Czarnowski's concept of provisional death, in which heroes were preserved by a commemorative rites, reinforces the significance of the wake as a symbol of the hope of renewal. Joyce began work on Finnegans Wake by isolating certain themes from Ireland's past, and incorporating them into the fictional frame-work of six preliminary sketches. These sketches are studied in their earliest and final forms in chapter 3. The figures of Rodrick O'Connor, Tristan and Isolde. Kevin, Bishop Berkely and Patrick are the focus of the first four, while the theme of invasion is prominent in "Nannelujo", and the relationship of subjugated people to a conqueror in "Here Comes Everybody." By tracing the original themes to their inclusion in Finnegans Wake Joyce's treatment of his subjects is seen to develop from a mood of simple parody towards the juxtaposition of a multiplicity of parallel themes. The main emphasis of the novel went beyond the initial interest in history, as the concerns revealed by the isolation of themes from the past were developed in a fictional framework designed to be archetypal and representative, rather than historical and particular. Chapter 4 examines the relationship that Joyce set up between the brothers Shem and Shaun and their past. First as Mutt and Jute and later as Muta and Juva, they observe respectively the Battle of Ciontarf and the confrontation of the Archdruid and Patrick. Throughout the novel the oppositions of Shem and Shaun are frequently given an Irish dimension. Furthermore, in the chapters of Finnegans Wake devoted to Shaun, he adopts many attitudes associated with an insular Irish point of view. As Shaun the post, he is associated with Victorious, the messenger sent by the people of Ireland in a time of crisis to recall St. Patrick. Shaun does not succeed in his mission, but dreams of usurping Patrick's position himself. He is also the adovcace of violent means to achieve national aspirations, and, through his slogans are popular, they are also suspect. HCE himself, therefore, is forced to rise from his slumbers to propose an alternative, more tolerant, prospect from Ireland. Joyce's depiction of HCE has a consistent Irish dimension, studied in chapter 5. He is shown as an outsider, associated with the many invaders of Ireland, whose wider view of reality enables him to point a new way forward. He is the founder of a city culture, which object of suspicien for many. His roles include not only the hero Finn and Saint Patrick, but also Parnell, whose personality deeply divided the country. The lose of public confidence, which paralyses HCE's creativity, is expressed in Finnegans Wake by the image of the grave, in which HCE must sleep in the state of provisional death, awaiting the popular acceptance of a broad concept of national-hood, and the establishment of a new era by mutual consent.  The themes which intersected Joyce at the outset of his novel developed through his adaptation of ideas gleaned from Vico, Bruno and Czarnowski into a theory of history which re-enacts conflict as part of its onward progression, but in which reconciliation is the necessary prerequisite for the institution of each new era. This theory influenced his selection of events from Irish history, which become a model for the parallel operation of recurrence in world history. Irish history, therefore, is a sustained level of significance in Finnegans Wake, absorbed into the novel's structure, and providing a wealth of detail to illustrate its thematic concerns.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Regionalism, Nationalism and Social Gospel Support in the Ecumenical Movement of Canadian Presbyterianism

contributor:
Mol, J.J.
Religious Sciences

subject:
ecumenical movement
Canadian Presbyterianism
sociology
nationalism

abstract:
 The thesis is a critical examination of the social and cultural factors operative in the ecumenical movement of Canadian Presbyterianism that led to the formation of the United Church of Canada in 1925. Canadian ecumenicity is examined in the light of contemporary international research in the sociology of ecumenism. The thesis employs both historical materials and statistical records to discover the salient variables influencing support and opposition to church union.

 It is the central contention of the thesis that support and opposition to church union were motivated by a complex of variables relating to regionalism, nationalism and the social gospel movement. The issues that divided the Presbyterian Church in the ecumenical controversy were the same issues that divided English speaking Canada. It is our contention that the creation of a national united church was seen as a vehicle for the systematic redemption of Canadian society, that it was an attempt to dramatically reform and redefine confederation. It is our final contention that the vision of a new society or the hope of attaining a comparable ideal is an essential component for the accomplishment of an extensive inter-denominational church merger in an industrialized nation.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Paul's Ethic of Acceptance: An Exegetical Study of Romans 14:1

contributor:
Westerholm, Stephen
Religious Studies

subject: New Testament, occasion, purpose, Romans, exegetical, hristain, faith,

abstract: One of the major issues which continues to receive attention in New Testament studies is the debate over the occasion and purpose of Romans. The present exegetical study enters into the "Romans Debate" by focusing on the text of Romans 14:1. It is our thesis that here Paul appeals to the predominantly Gentile Christian "strong" ones in Rome to exercise vigorous acceptance of the predominantly Jewish Christian "weak in faith" who, although sharing in the righteousness of God in Christ, continue to exhibit scruples about food and calendar laws. Our study contributes to the current debate by confirming the plausibility of a concrete situation in Rome which warranted the address of this text. We also demonstrate how our interpretation harmonizes with the major themes of the letter, which are clearly concerned with the relationship between Jew and Gentile in the redemptive historical moment inaugurated by God's action in Christ. By establishing the existence of a significant dimension of Jewish-Gentile relations in Rome, we enable a clearer understanding of Paul's motivation for writing not only the text in question, and the pericope which it introduces, but the entire letter.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Nature and History in the Knowledge of Value: A study in Bernard Lonergan' s account of value.

subject:
Bernard Lonergan
value
human nature
historically conditioned

abstract:
 This dissertation examines Bernard Lonergan' s understanding of value, its assumptions and its development, for the sake of determining the role of human nature and human historicity in the experience of value. The categories of nature and history reflect a specifically modem form of the long-standing question of the relationship between physis and nomos- i.e., nature and convention, or 'nature and nurture'-for modernity has made us accutely aware of the historicity of cultural conventions. We ask of Lonergan: how or to what extent is the experience of value determined by human nature, and how or to what extent is it historically conditioned?

 To understand Lonergan' s position one must appreciate both the difference and the continuity between his earlier and later thought. Lonergan' s earlier thought reflects a rather Kantian fonnalistic account of value as the rational good, but his later thought embraces Scheler' s non-fonnal, material account of value-i.e., the good is an object of natural appetite-a position in which affectivity plays a role in revealing value. In spite of this development, there yet remains an underlying unity: there is a fundamental opposition of affect and intellect that precludes the possibility of understanding value as both rationally and materially good. Lonergan associates affect with natural spontaneity, and intellect with the deliberate:, progressive dynamic of history. Because of this, in his earlier work he presents value as rationally, and therefore historically, determined; yet in his ma1ure position value is grasped primarily in affective apprehensions, which are ahistorical intuitions, grounded in human nature and the 'reasons of the heart'.

 In response, it will be argued that this dichotomy of feeling and rationality
can be transcended without sacrificing Lonergan' s account of self-transcendence.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Towards a Perspective on the Perpetuation of the Canadian Federal System: Federal-Ontario Relations in University Education, 1945-1970

contributor:
Aster, H.
Political Science

subject: Canada federal system

subject: 1945-1970

abstract:
The literature's on federalism, integration, and political development all tend to present the progressive centralization of popular allegiance and political power over time as the normal and expected pattern of the history,experience of federations and other states. Canada is an on going federation which does not conform to this model. Canada's Internternal fragmentation's seem at least as compelling as ever, even after more than a century of federal union. Yet the federation has managed to endure while maintaining its divisions. In recent years certain Canadian provinces have become increasingly assertive and persuasive advocates of full autonomy in fields of provincial jurisdiction. They have also sought the fiscal capacity to implement this authority. For a number of reasons some provinces have induced the federal government to abandon its practice of unilaterally making policy in fields of provincial jurisdiction. Because the federal government retains an interest in these services (which include health, welfare, and education), and because some other fields of mutual concern (notably natural resources) are under joint supervision, direct negotiation between executives of federal and provincial governments has become a familiar characteristic of the federal system since the middle 1960's. This new development in federal-provincial relations is often called executive federalism.
The study comprises a case study analysis of the evolution of the federal-provincial relationship in one jurisdiction, between the federal government and one province, over a specified time period. Federal and Ontario government files, and interviews with civil servants, supply most of the research material. The immediate objective is a preliminary assessment of how and how well the two sets of government executives have accommodated their conflicting interests in the university field. Ultimately, such a finding suggests some generalizations about how the Canadian federal system is evolving and is being perpetuated in a period when disagreement between federal and provincial governments is the most intense in Canada's history. A set of terms is introduced as analytic tools to assist in a discussion of the dynamic social environment in which federal systems operate. Such an exercise facilitates the attainment of a new perspective on the re lative status of the two levels of government in Canada at this time, and helps to promote an appreciation of the proper strategy for managing intergovernmental conflict. These tools may prove useful in future comparative studies of intergovernmental public policy making in federal states.
It is concluded that executive federalism is inevitable and workable in the present federal-provincial climate. In any case, no practical alternative now exists or is likely to appear soon. Although both federal and provincial governments have sacrificed their interests to some degree in executive federalism, only the federal government has surrendered fiscal and jurisdictional manoeuvrability. It is suggested that the federal government consider bringing the provinces into the making of policy in federal fields of provincial concern. Such an alteration of executive federalism might weaken provincial government resistance to continued federal involvement in provincial jurisdictions, and thereby lessen conflict in federal-provincial relations and safeguard the federal government's remaining leverage in provincial fields.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Reason: An Existential Reflection

contributor:
Griffin, Nicholas
Philosophy

subject: Existance Reflection

abstract:
In this work I want to assess the role of reason in human existence. I think, the best way to explore what it is possible for philosophers to do requires an assessment of "reason". This question is central today with the failure of foundationalist epistemology, which I seek to replace with an existential epistemology . The work falls into three sections, where the final section is a synopsis of the first two sections in relation to my original question. The first section is dedicated to examining the views of Hilary Putnam, and the second section is dedicated to an historical exploration of the concept "reason".
In the first section, on Putnam, I elucidate the problems he sees with metaphysical realism ( e.g. conceptual relativity, and scientific imperialism). In order to avoid idealism, pace the failure of metaphysical realism and foundationalist epistemology, Putnam proposes a new theory of knowledge, internal realism. Here, Putnam, while recognizing that all knowledge rest$ on human interests, values, and hence, a given perspective, argues that how we choose to see the world, our values, is further grounded in our conception of human flourishing the good. Our conception of the good , in turn, is ground in a presupposed conception of human nature, such that there are parameters which define, stipulate, that some interests, values, are better than others. In short, although there is admitted to be no one canon of rationality, method, or algorithm which yields "knowledge", Putnam thinks truth, what is rationally acceptable , is rooted in what it means to be a human being (under ideal epistemic conditions ). Putnam concludes, then, that (1) we can have truth from a human point of view that pays heed to our experience in the world, and (2) that we should affirm a plurality of methods which yield a pluralistic knowledge (psychological, sociological, ethical, chemical, and so forth.) I utilize both Gadamer and Aquinas to further exemplify Putnam's call for a plurality of methods, different conceptions of rational acceptability, for different areas of inquiry.
In my second section I set about to characterize "reason". The ancient and pre-modern conceptions of reason has little to do with our modern, instrumental conception, since, it contains a strong intuitive/experiential notion, such that truth, the Jivine, could just be grasped by what was taken to be divine in Man, reason. The modern and pre-modern conception of reason is shown to be an technological or procedural rationality. With the loss of the experiential element, instrumental reason legitimates different bodies of knowledge, yet is unable to assess one body of knowledge as superior to another. Instrumental reason, concurrently, I argue, gives birth to the intractable problems of foundationalist epistemology, whose failure facilitates relativism/idealism. I show there has been a resistance to instrumental reason by certain thinkers, like m¥self, who hold that instrumental reason can never capture t"ruth, something always escapee (e.g. Heidegger, Jaspers, Zamyatin, Bergson, and Tolstoy).
I have two conclusions. First, lnstrumental reason was born when the experiential/intuitive aspect of reason was severed. Further, the adoption of an instrumental conception of reason subverted the enlightenment project, by leading to scepticism, via foundationalist epistemology. Secondly, I view philosophical theories as mere symbols which always indicate something beyond themselves, by pointing to truth, the Jivine or Sacred round.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Foucault, Vitalisrn, Resistance: The Subject of Resistance in the Thought of Michel Foucault

contributor:
Willey, Thomas E.
History

subject:
Michel Foucault
Resistance

abstract:
This thesis examines Michel Foucault's elucidation of a mode of subjectivity upon which he could predicate the possibility of resistance to power. While most studies of his thought have emphasized the extent to which, for Foucault, subjects are the products of power, this thesis seeks to examine that mode of subjectivity which, for him, can escape the reach of power or can resist power. This thesis shows that Foucault borrowed extensively from the works of Georges Bataille and Georges Canguilhem in articulating a vitalist conception of the subject, a subject whose ability to resist power resided in the vital forces which traversed it.
In achieving these tasks, this thesis responds to the liberal critics of Foucault who argue that his conception of power effectively eliminates the rationale for or possibility of resistance. The thesis also elucidates for the first time the nature of the intellectual influence Bataille had upon Foucault, showing that Foucault used Bataillean conceptions of sovereignty and the sovereign subject. It also radically reinterprets the influence Canguilhem had on Foucault, showing that, beyond well documented methodological influences, Canguilhem provided Foucault with a framework for theorizing power and resistance.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Subsurface Stratigraphy and Hydrogeology of the Peterborough Drumlin Field, Southern Ontario, Canada

contributor:
Eyles, Carolyn
Earth and Environmental Sciences

subject: Drumlins Hydrogeology Stratigraphy

abstract:
The Peterborough Drumlin Field in southern Ontario, Canada (PDF; Crozier 1975, Karrow 1981, Boyce and Eyles 1991) is a well-documented and extensive drumlin field that hosts many communities dependent upon groundwater resources.  Population growth in the area and concerns for the long-term sustainability of these resources has prompted considerable interest in determining the location, extent and potential productivity of subsurface aquifers in the region.  The origin of the drumlins within the PDF is still widely debated, despite many years of study, and there is little understanding of the nature, geometry, and connectivity of aquifers within the Quaternary-age sediments beneath the drumlins.
This study involves detailed analysis of sedimentological data available from water well logs from selected drumlins and adjacent low areas (swales) in the PDF.  These data are used to investigate the subsurface stratigraphy of the drumlins, contribute to the understanding of drumlin formation, and establish hydrogeological characteristics of drumlins within the PDF.  A relatively consistent subsurface stratigraphy can be identified in the studied drumlins consisting of patchy units of sand and gravel overlying a southward sloping bedrock surface, a thick diamict (till) package containing discontinuous coarse-grained sand and gravel units, and surface veneers of sand, silt or clay in low areas (swales) between drumlins.  This subsurface stratigraphy can be traced between drumlins and adjacent swales and suggests that the drumlins within the PDF formed largely as a result of subglacial erosion of pre-existing sediment.
Two major aquifers can be identified beneath the PDF from the water well records; one is a basal aquifer within fractured bedrock and overlying coarse-grained sands and gravels, and the second (upper aquifer) is formed by the discontinuous zone of sands and gravels within till.  These coarse-grained interbeds within the till allow it to function as a ‘leaky aquitard’ and produce groundwater flow pathways that are not easy to predict, may not be high-yielding, and may be susceptible to anthropogenic sources of contamination; these characteristics will likely prevent further development of this aquifer for multi-user (communal) water supply.     The Hiawatha First Nations (HFN) community is located within the Peterborough Drumlin Field and has been attempting to find a more sustainable, and possibly communal, groundwater supply in the drumlizined terrain.  Examination of lithological and hydrogeological data from water well records together with information obtained from four recently drilled on-site wells allowed for a detailed analysis of the till stratigraphy within this portion of the drumlin field.  The stratigraphy identified at this site is consistent with that identified elsewhere in the PDF and a basal bedrock aquifer and an upper discontinuous Quaternary aquifer can be discriminated.  It is recommended that the HFN community continue to upgrade/maintain individual private wells in the discontinuous upper aquifer and utilize the basal bedrock aquifer for developments that require greater water yields.  This study provides insight into the subsurface stratigraphy that may be found beneath drumlins in an extensive drumlin field and may help in determining the origin of these enigmatic landforms.  Enhanced understanding of the hydrogeological characteristics of Quaternary-age sediments underlying drumlin fields will assist in the development of appropriate exploration, protection, and remediation strategies for valuable groundwater resources.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Backward Glance: Cataclysmic Redemption in Anne Michaels' Fugitive Pieces

contributor:
Hyman, Dr. Roger L.
English

subject:
Anne Michaels'
Fugitive Pieces

abstract:
Five decades after the event, portraying the Holocaust continues to be a precarious and controversial endeavor. The overall posture of Holocaust representation has been to underline the nonsensical and destructive nature of the event as it extends into the post-Holocaust generation's collective memory. While traditional representations of Jewish catastrophe have relied on ancient Biblical and non-biblical archetypes, originating with Adam's fall from God's grace and mankind's eventual restitution from his fall to be delivered in messianic time, Holocaust narratives have in general not carried a message of redemption, nor have they offered any closure to the event.
Not only does Anne Michaels' Fugitive Pieces render a transformative narrative, but the closure in Part I of the novel reaches a level of redemption. This work addresses the problems with the restorative nature of the novel through untangling the dense metaphors, the plot structure and characterization, and by drawing on survivor accounts, psychoanalysis, historiography and literary criticism. I look closely at how Jakob recovers his past, reaches redemption, and how he ultimately comes through the trauma of the Holocaust while remaining on the edges of the event. Likewise, I discuss how the tenuousness of Ben's potential recovery from the transmitted past of his parents deconstructs the restorative closure offered in Jakob's story. That the novel is structured into two parts is significant to my reading; this work shows how the first part of the novel with its rich, lyrical discourse and fulfilling outcome is complicated by the second part which is notably less poetic and does not culminate in explicit restoration. This thesis demonstrates how the novel's parts complement each other, structurally forming a unified story that ultimately offers no real closure. I suggest a possible solution to the problem of redemption in Fugitive Pieces by reading Jakob's story as a myth based on the traditional Judaic archetypal\ restitution and Ben's story as an interpretation of the actual experience of the post-Holocaust '
generation.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Likeness Regress: Plato's Parmenides 132cl2-133a7

contributor:
Hitchcock, David L.
Philosophy

subject: Plato Parmenides

abstract:
Since Forms and particulars are separate, Plato is left with the task of describing the way in which they are related. One possible way of construing this relation is to suppose that particulars resemble Forms. Socrates proposes this and is refuted by Parmenides in the so-called Likeness Regress (Parmenzdes 132c12-133a7).
This work comprises both an exposition and an analysis of the Likeness Regress. In the exposition, I work out the argument-form of the Likeness Regress in second-order logic (and later, show that first-order logic is sufficient). This symbolisation provides a baseline for the balance of the exposition, which has two focuses: first, I define what it means for particulars to resemble Forms, with the help of D. M. Armstrong's account of resemblance in A Theory of Unwersals; second, I demonstrate that the infinite regress argument of the Likeness Regress is indeed vicious, with the help of T. Roy's theory of regress arguments.
In the analysis, I proceed with the premiss that an asymmetrical account of the resemblance relation would allow Socrates to escape Parmenides' refutation. I examine various accounts of asymmetrical resemblance (including those accounts put forward by R. E. Allen, P. T. Geach and G. Vlastos), but reject these in favour of my own account. My account of asymmetrical resemblance is based on understanding the resemblance relation as a function that is not self-inverse. Finally, I argue that the Likeness Regress need not be considered definitive, since we find in the ontology of the Timaeus a conception of resemblance that fits my account of asymmetrical resemblance.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Marx's Theory of Ideology

contributor:
Simpson, E.
Philosophy

subject:
Marx
Ideology theory

abstract:
This thesis is an interpretive exercise aimed at clarifying the structure of Marx's theory of ideology. It is also a critical exploration of issues stemming from Marx's ideas about ideology. The central argument of the thesis is that Marx's theory of ideology is constituted by two concepts of ideology, the early concept, sketched in the German Ideology, according to which ideologies are the ruling ideas of a society corresponding to the economic interests of the ruling class, and the later concept, present in the Capital, according to which ideologies conform to the appearances of the mode of production.
The early concept is applicable to all class societies, but the later concept holds true of societies based on commodity production for exchange-value. The early concept identifies ideologies in terms of three modes of representation of social phenomena: inversion, mystification, and universalisation. The later concept adds two more modes of representation: reflection and fetishism. We argue that, although the early and the later concepts are individually consistent, there are important incompatibilities between them, and that this renders Marx's theory inconsistent.
Chapter One points out the importance of Marx's critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right in the development of Marx's early concept of ideology. Chapter Two is a critical interpretation of Marx's early concept of ideology as sketched in his German Ideology. Chapter Three is devoted to an analysis of Marx's later concept and of the question of the truth of ideology in terms of the two concepts. We conclude with some unsystematic reflections on the relation between the two concepts.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Objects in the Theatre of Samuel Beckett: Their Function and Significance as Components of his Theatrical Language

contributor:
Morton, Richard
English

subject:
Samuel Beckett
Theatrical language

abstract: This thesis is an exploration of all the plays of Samuel Beckett written for the live theatre, with a view to elucidating their meaning through a study of the objects present on the stage. The frame of reference is consistently that of the play in actual production. The Beckett stage is never cluttered: there are always very few people, words, or things in the Beckett·dramatic world. Similarly there is little movement. (The same people, words, things, and movement, however, repeat themselves obsessively.) It is proposed that every object specified as being on stage by the stage directions of the author or by the dialogue, and whether functioning as part of set, costume, or properties, makes a dramatic statement in interaction with word and gesture. What man docs and says in relationship to things largely defines his existence. As the dramatic oeuvre of Beckett progresses from Waiting for Godot (1953) to Not I (1972) the function and significance of objects becomes increasingly marked as people, words, and movement convert to things, silence (or incoherent outpourings), and stillness. As the Beckett world becomes increasingly "reifie" the bleakness of his vision is intensified. Beckett's use of objects as part of his theatrical language becomes increasingly sophisticated and complex. It is discovered that two peculiarly Beckettian contributions are made to what Artaud called "le langage concret" of the stage: character-objects, and light functioning as object. The use of both emphasizes the dehumanization of Beckett's characters: as they become progressively static and fragmented they become increasingly less the manipulators of objects and are increasingly themselves manipulated by objects. The light as object elicits the voice in Play and Not I. In Play the human being is part of the object (urn) that contains him and in Not I has herself become an object, Mouth, suspended in the light above the stage. In the last plays, then, the Beckett stage is totally dominated by objects. They make the only statement: the urns and Mouth speak. Since speech is the definitive human attribute of the Beckett hero throughout Beckett's work, objects have thus superseded human beings at the centre of the Beckett dramatic world.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Relationship between Ethical Experience and Political Existence in the Works of Mahatma Gandhi

subject:
Mahatma Gandhi
Ethics and politics

abstract:
The most comm.on academic interest in Mahatma Gandhi centers around the theory and practice of Satyagraha. This thesis departs, in part, from this because it focuses upon the Satyagrahi. Every Satyagraha presupposes a Satyagrahi. Mahatma Gandhi was a Satyagrahi -a being in quest of truth. This quest consisted of two major components: the experiential and the existential. Ethics formed the basis of Gandhi's experiential quest, while political existence provided the forum in which he could experiment with his beliefs and convictions. Satyagraha was, therefore, a direct consequence of this intimate relationship between experience and existence. What is significant about Gandhi is that he did not dissociate his spiritual search from the struggle for political justice. He aimed at harmonizing the two seemingly opposite but complementary aspects of life into a meaningful whole -the ideal with the practical, the rational with the emotional and the religious with the secular.
This study emphasizes the qualities of a disciplined Satyagrahi rather than the techniques of Satyagraha because the essence of the Satyagrahic struggle is rooted in the nature of the Satyagrahi. In effect, this thesis argues that all revolutions rest fundamentally on the quality of the revolutionary since the nature of any protest is bound to be determined by those who wage it. This is more acute in Satyagraha because it is the true expression of a conscious being. A Satyagrahi is a conscious entity in the highest sense. The unity of his life and thought conditions the purity of his means. Whereas most revolutionaries aim at transforming the "outer", a Satyagrahi concentrates on the "inner" in the hope of bringing about change through "self" transformation. No such change can be possible unless the Satyagrahi himself transcends the narrow limits of cognition -the exoteric and the esoteric aspects of experience. Chapter I and II are devoted to exploring the metaphysical foundations of Gandhi's tradition. They elaborate upon those aspects of the philosophical thought of India which are relevant to a Satyagrahi's understanding. Chapter III discusses and analyses the two complementary components of Satyagraha -the experiential and the existential. Chapter IV examines the way Gandhi's contemporaries viewed him. It outlines and interprets some basic tenets of his philosophy. Finally, Chapter V summarizes the relationship between the act and the actor, Satyagraha and the satyagrahi~and ends with an assessment.
In emphasizing the role of the Satyagrahi in the context of the ethical experience, this thesis seeks to shift the emphasis in Gandhiana scholarship from Satyagraha to Satyagrahi. It argues that there is a need for critical re-evaluation of the relationship between Satyagraha and the Satyagrahi. That need has to do with the experiential aspect of realization. It is not enough to initiate a Satyagraha. It is of crucial importance to provide a milieu which would foster the virtues of ethical living and inculcate a "wholistic" view of life, in harmony with the 'self' and 'others'.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: αPS3βPS1 integrin and its adaptor Talin are essential for Drosophila embryonic heart tubulogenesis

contributor:
Jacobs, J. Roger
Biology

subject:
Drosophila
heart
integrin
tubulogenesis
Talin
cell polarity
lumen

abstract: Formation of a tubular organ, such as the heart, requires cells to integrate positional and polarity signals in order to enclose a fluid or gas transporting lumen. Developing tubes must establish a site for lumen initiation, demarcate membrane domains, and modulate cell polarization and morphology. The Drosophila melanogaster embryonic heart is a mesodermal tube model displaying a unique polarity, reminiscent of vertebrate vasculature. We have characterized a role for the transmembrane adhesion receptor αPS3βPS1 integrin and its cytoplasmic adaptor Talin in heart tubulogenesis. βPS1 and Talin are early indicators of the luminal site and Talin-mediated integrin function is essential for cardioblast polarization and morphology prior to and during lumen development. Careful analysis of hearts in embryos homozygous for a null allele of rhea, the gene encoding Talin, reveals that Talin is required to correctly orient the heart cell polarity such that a continuous central open lumen is enclosed. Without proper integrin or Talin function, the luminal determinants Slit and its receptor Robo are not stabilized within the heart, a central lumen fails to form, and the midline is instead marked by continuous adhesion. Furthermore, although Talin is essential for proper βPS1 integrin localization within the heart, either of Talin’s two integrin binding sites are sufficient to stabilize βPS1 along the luminal domain and establish an open cardiac tube. Taken together, our findings reveal an instructive role for integrins and Talin in communicating polarization cues central to heart tubulogenesis.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)