identifier: Warren, Andrew Eugene <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Warren=3AAndrew_Eugene=3A=3A.html>   (1997) The use of inhaled beclomethasone to decrease the duration of paroxysmal coughing in pediatric patients with pertussis : results and methodologic issues in a randomized clinical trial.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Purpose: To determine whether the short-term use of inhaled beclomethasone significantly decreases the duration of paroxysmal coughing in young children with early pertussis, as compared with inhaled placebo. -- Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. -- Subjects: Subjects were recruited from the outpatient department and microbiology laboratory of the Janeway Child Health Centre. General practitioners and public health nurses in the area were also canvassed for referrals of potential subjects with clinical pertussis. From a total of 210 contacted subjects who met the case definition, 23 were enrolled with IS staying in the study long enough to provide usable data. -- Method: Subjects were randomly allocated to receive inhaled beclomethasone or placebo three times daily for 30 days. Cough counts were recorded daily by parents and teachers. The time to cessation of coughing for both groups was considered the primary outcome variable. -- Numerous methodological problems were encountered in the design and implementation of this trial. These included difficulties in choosing a primary outcome variable and a corresponding measurement instrument, problems in the assumptions made in the determination of sample size, difficulties with case definitions, and problems with recruitment and retention of subjects. These problems are reviewed in detail and solutions which may be applied to future trials are proposed. -- Results: Subjects ranged in age from 2 to 95 months. The mean duration of coughing at entry into the study was 14 days. The mean duration of coughing following entry into the study was 26.8 days in die beclomethasone group and 21.4 days in the placebo group (p = 0.2). -- Conclusions: Significant problems were encountered with the recruitment for this study leading to low numbers of subjects being enrolled and a subsequent low power. Such problems have precluded any definite conclusions. However, data suggest that the use of inhaled beclomethasone is not effective in the treatment of patients with pertussis infection and may actually prolong the duration of coughing. Further trials are needed if this question is to be answered. Suggestions for the design and implementation of such a trial, or a trial of other therapies for pertussis, are provided and discussed.


identifier: Peng, Wenjun <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Peng=3AWenjun=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Tidally driven dynamics in Bonne Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

abstract: A suite of observations from May 2006 to March 2007 is used to describe the vertical structure and temporal variations of currents and hydrography on the sill of East Arm of Bonne Bay, Newfoundland. The instruments include a moored ADCP, multiple-frequency BioSonics echo-sounders, and a fixed hydrographic package with CTDs and an ECO fluorometer. These observations provide a detailed description of circulation at different timescales and reveals that the tide is the dominant forcing over the sill. The M₂ tide is the most energetic tidal constituent and contributes roughly 70% of the total tidal kinetic energy. The M₂ baroclinic tide is detected only in summer when stratification is strong. It has a wavelength of 7 km and has an energy that is about 20% of the barotropic kinetic energy. The subtidal current over the sill has a fortnightly modulation associated with spring-neap cycles between late September and November 2006, which indicates that deep-water renewal is not controlled by wind forcing but rather by changes in the horizontal stratification due to variations in tidal amplitudes. High-frequency internal waves with period of 80 minutes are identified in the data from ADCP and BioSonics echo-sounders in summer, 2006. They display asymmetry during tidal cycles: the wave structure only develops on the ebb tide, and the amplitude is 3 m and group velocity is 35 cm/s. It has about 1% of the barotropic kinetic energy. The high-frequency internal waves are generated near the side of the inner basin and propagate towards the outer area.


identifier: Smith, Julie Ann <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3AJulie_Ann=3A=3A.html>   (2008) The southern margin of Flemish Cap, offshore Newfoundland: processing and interpretation of seismological data provide insights into the rifting evolution.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Newfoundland/Iberia conjugate continental margins developed during Jurassic and Cretaceous time. They are good places to study rifted margins since they are non-volcanic, so that extensional crustal structures are not altered or obscured by magmatic processes. The "ERABLE" seismic reflection survey was recorded in the Newfoundland basin by the Geological Survey of Canada and IFREMER in 1992.1 have processed and interpreted three ERABLE profiles extending from the southern margin of Flemish Cap extending into the Newfoundland Basin. Various types of noise such as multiples and side scattered reflections posed challenges for producing a seismic section that represents subsurface reflectivity. F-k and radon filters improve the signal to noise ratio in deep water, but were less successful in the shelf region of the Flemish Cap. -- The final processed lines have provided a more comprehensive data coverage along the southern margin of Flemish Cap. Combining these data with SCREECH seismic profiles, two ODP drill sites, and other geophysical data have allowed the mapping of distinct zones of continental, transitional, and oceanic crust in this region. I compare these results to crustal boundaries on the Iberia margin that are well constrained from detailed seismic and drilling. -- My results indicate asymmetry in the conjugate pair, with the zone of extended continental crust and transitional crust being much wider on the Iberian margin compared to the Newfoundland margin. Also, there is evidence of possible detachment faulting on both margins, although less wide spread on the Newfoundland margin. I propose either a simple shear or simple shear/pure shear combination model involving a westward dipping detachment fault, with the Newfoundland margin acting as the upper plate. -- However, the Newfoundland margin has a long and complex rifting history that cannot be explained by only 2-D rifting models, thus a Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rifting and break-up model is presented as an attempt to account for the present day structure of the southern margin of Flemish Cap.


identifier: Murray, Harry Michael <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Murray=3AHarry_Michael=3A=3A.html>   (2000) The ontogeny of type I antifreeze protein expression in winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) produce Type I antifreeze proteins (AFPs) which are characterized as alanine rich and demonstrate an alpha-helical secondary structure. These proteins work by noncolligatively depressing the freezing point of tissues and tissue fluids. Two isotypes of Type I AFP, the liver-type and the skin-type, have been described in this species. The liver-type AFP is produced on a seasonal basis and secreted from hepatocytes into the blood and tissue fluids. The skin-type has just begun to be characterized and appears to have a wide tissue distribution and is expressed all year round. The absence of a signal sequence also suggests that this isotype has an intracellular site of activity. The aim of the present series of studies was to improve our understanding of the ontogeny of Type I AFP expression in the winter flounder, the cell types involved in skin-type AFP expression, their tissue distribution, seasonal expression characteristics, and relationship to liver AFP producing cells. -- Adult winter flounder were captured from wild populations during the summer, fall and winter seasons. Winter flounder larvae were hatched and reared in the laboratory under seasonal temperatures and photoperiod. AFP gene expression was examined in adult winter flounder seasonally. -- In situ hybridization (ISH) using AFP gene specific RNA probes and immunohistochemistry (IH) using polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to AFP were used to identify cells responsible for AFP expression in both larval, juvenile and adult tissues. ISH and IH on whole-mounted larvae stained specifically cells running laterally along the fish. These were similar or closely associated in position with superficial neuromast cells when compared to similar species. The staining declined following yolk-sac absorption suggesting that expression in these cells was only important during the early larval stages. Larval integumental mucous cells also gave a specific IH reaction but no ISH reaction suggesting a possible variation in the genes involved. IH product in these cells continued through the larval stage but was shown to disappear around the time of metamorphosis. -- ISH and IH on juvenile and adult skin sections showed a distribution of mRNA and skin-type AFP specific for the epidermis and epidermal pavement cells. Evidence of AFP mRNA and associated protein became detectable in the epidermis from early to mid fall of the fishes first year. The AFP appeared extracellular and was distributed throughout the extracellular or interstitial space usually in close association with the epidermal cells, suggesting that it may be important in slowing ice crystal formation in these interstitial regions and thus reducing cellular damage due to osmotic imbalance. -- Adult and juvenile/larval gut (stomach and intestine) did show a positive immune reaction for skin-type AFP antisera in cells throughout the stomach and intestinal mucosa. These cells also reacted with Alcian blue suggesting that they were mucous producing cells. This reaction indicated a co-secretion with mucous similar to that suggested for the integumental mucous cells of the larvae. Adult intestine did not show the IH reaction in mucous cells, but rather in-association with another population of cells. ISH with skin and liver RNA probes did not show any staining reaction in comparable regions. -- During winter, adult liver cells were positive for liver AFP mRNA and the liver type protein following ISH and IH (polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies). Neither was found present during the summer. Immunostaining reactions for liver type AFP were localized to distinct regions of the hepatocyte cytoplasm. Skin AFP RNA probes indicated that skin AFP RNA was present throughout the year in liver but interestingly the skin type protein was never detected using polyclonal antibodies. This suggested that while the skin AFP mRNA is present constitutively in liver the actual protein is undetectable in hepatocytes using IH regardless of the time of the year. Ontogenetically, expression of AFP (skin and liver types) was first detected in the livers of juvenile flounder in November of the fishes first year. Distinct ISH staining reactions were obvious in liver at this time using both liver specific and skin specific AFP probes. As with the adult liver, IH staining was only evident with liver type AFP antisera. -- Adult gill filaments showed a skin-type AFP mRNA distribution associated with cells throughout the lamellae and to some extent in the filament. The association with lamellae suggested that respiratory cells or pavement cells were likely involved. IH with antibodies for skin AFP identified specific cells corresponding to those detected using ISH. Parallel experiments with antibodies specific for chloride cells showed that these cells were not involved in AFP expression. Similarly, goblet cells did not show reactivity with the AFP antibodies. Based on these two observations the cells expressing the genes are likely gill pavement cells. Ontogenetically the gills arise from extensions of the ventral pharyngeal cartilage and continue to develop over time through increasing complexity of the filament and lamellar structures. Evidence of AFP expression in gill does not become obvious until beyond metamorphosis (October). Cellular distribution of immunopositive product was similar to that of the adult gill. Interestingly, AFP mRNA was not detected in the gill of juvenile flounders. This may have been due to the delicate nature of the tissue resulting in less stability under the conditions of in situ hybridization. -- Verification of IH and ISH results using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT PCR) and gene specific primers showed as expected that liver AFP expression only occurred in liver tissue and only during the winter. Skin AFP expression was detectable in all adult tissues examined (skin, gill, liver, stomach and intestine) with no observed seasonal effect indicating that the constitutive nature of these genes was continuous across tissue types. Sequencing of each of the skin AFP PCR products indicated that they were all of similar nature. Isolated AFP clones from the stomach and intestine showed the most divergence from the original skin AFP clone (WFP9). Sequencing of PCR products obtained using primers specific for the pre-pro sequence of the liver AFP clone CT5 returned sequence identical to this clone, thus verifying that these primers and RT PCR can be used to examine the development of liver type AFP expression. RT PCR analysis of total RNA from larval flounder ranging in age from hatch to metamorphosis indicated that skin type AFP expression is present as early as hatch and continues through metamorphosis. Liver AFP expression however was not detectable until shortly after metamorphosis corresponding with changes in environmental conditions consistent with the onset of colder water and shortened photoperiod in the fall. This observation suggested that cold water naive juvenile fish expressed the liver AFP gene in response to environmental stimuli known to initiate expression of the same genes in adults.


identifier: O'Neill, Seamus Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/O=27Neill=3ASeamus_Joseph=3A=3A.html>   (2001) The unity of Plato's Symposium.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: The unity of Plato's Symposium

abstract: The unity of Plato's Symposium is its continuity. There are a number of themes and threads of continuity throughout the dialogue which dialectically progress from beginning to end. These threads of continuity are drawn out and examined in relation to one another to form a complete and coherent doctrine of love. Chapter 1 examines the first five speeches, each of which rhetorically presents the nature and function of love. Chapter 2 demonstrates how these rhetorical notions are drawn together and grounded dialectically by the speech of Socrates. In Chapter 3 the speech of Alcibiades is examined with particular reference to how Alcibiades' account of the conduct of Socrates reflects and demonstrates the proper conduct of the lover as it has been dialectically grounded in Socrates' speech. The nature and function of love unfolds throughout the dialogue in a movement from the implicit to the explicit, and from rhetoric to dialectic. The speeches, taken as a whole, express the dynamic of love as evolving mediation between humanity and divinity.


identifier: Xiao, Ping <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Xiao=3APing=3A=3A.html>   (1997) The v1 vibrational raman spectra of solid methane.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The v1 vibrational Raman spectra of oriented CH₄ single crystals have been measured in the temperature range from 89.4 K to 21.8 K. The experimental results show that the frequency, width and the depolarization ratio of the spectra change with the temperature and the orientation of the crystals. We think these changes are connected to the following factors: (1) Volume changes; (2) Vibration-rotation (coriolis type) interactions; (3) Probably molecular orientation change in some temperature range.


identifier: Antle, David M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Antle=3ADavid_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2008) The role of knowledge transfer in participatory ergonomics: evaluation of a case study at a poultry processing plant.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Aims: -- This project involved the evaluation of a transfer of a ‘train-the-trainer’ knife sharpening and steeling program (KSP) for butchery operations from Quebec to Newfoundland. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: 1) the factors that impacted upon the transfer of the KSP from a Quebec Research Team (QRT) to the Newfoundland Research Team (NRT) and a poultry plant, 2) to evaluate the impact of the KSP on employee health and productivity and, 3) to attempt to identify the impact that a KT strategy has within a participatory ergonomics (PE) intervention. The Eastern Canadian Consortium on Workplace Health identified the KSP as a successful existing program that could be transferred to Newfoundland and Labrador. It was thought that this program would benefit a St. John's, Newfoundland poultry processing plant. Researchers (ergonomists, engineers and KT specialists), plant management and plant employees constituted a tripartite partnership that would guide the knowledge adaptation, transfer and assimilation. The KSP uses a 'train-the-trainer' approach that identified plant personnel who could acquire the ability to machine-sharpen knives. Following a series of training sessions, the plant trainers were asked, in cooperation with factory management, to proceed with training of plant workers in proper knife steeling and care techniques. The QRT provided the NRT with methods to assess skill development and work behavior changes of a production line cohort. Researchers adapted survey, video and semi-structured interview techniques to assess the intervention. A KT Model (Parent et al., 2007) was employed as a diagnostic tool to evaluate KT capacities. While KT was slow and was not completely successful, the project recognizes that KT capacities within social networks impacted on the KSP intervention. Networks for actor communications, managerial involvement, organizational culture and facilitative ability of the NRT appear to have impacted disseminative and absorptive capacities required for successful KT. The QRT and the trainers displayed active generative capacity, by developing new knowledge regarding the KSP process, and strategies to use in smaller enterprises. The NRT gained experience in applying a PE framework. However, it is clear that additional steps are required for the knowledge gained within the province from the experience to become institutionalized. At the industrial site, the trainer's skills and knowledge have been recognized as exceptional by the QRT and Quebec experts. Some, but not all, employees have adopted the principles of the KSP and demonstrate the potential for reductions in cutting-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, managers at the plant did not taken steps to institutionalize knowledge, suggesting that the continuity of the KSP may be threatened.


identifier: Forward, Debbie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Forward=3ADebbie=3A=3A.html>   (2001) The search for new meaning : adolescent bereavement after the sudden death of a sibling: a grounded theory study.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Despite the fact that many adolescents experience the sudden death of a brother or sister, little is known about the bereavement process. The purpose of this study was to use a grounded theory approach to examine the bereavement process for adolescents who experienced the sudden death of a sibling. Interviews conducted with six adolescents, within seven years of their sibling's death, provided the major sources of data. The findings of this study indicate that the bereavement process is variable and encompasses five stages. In each of these stages the adolescent focuses on the basic psychological process of 'the search for new meaning'. The first stage, 'finding out', encompasses the teens initial reactions to hearing of their siblings death. 'Avoiding reality', stage two, is a time when the adolescent has not really accepted that their sibling is gone, and is marked by either numbness or keeping busy. The third stage, 'facing reality', is the focal point of the bereavement process. Three key obstacles are identified: dealing with the pain; intense loneliness; and, being different. The teens then 'turn the corner' and go in one of two directions. The teens either realize they can survive within the reality of the loss and move on to the 'finding new meaning' stage, or they give up and 'end their search'. Key elements of the 'finding new meaning' stage are: accepting the pain;  continuing the bond; and, redefining self. Even after 'finding new meaning', the teens can return to the 'facing reality' stage and continue their search if their new meaning does not allow them to move on with their lives. Findings from this study may give  new insights into developing interventions for helping teens through this bereavement process that is grounded in scientific rationale and is age sensitive, addressing adolescents unique experiences and concerns. Included in this study are implications for practice, education and research for helping professionals.


identifier: Jurakic, Irena <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Jurakic=3AIrena=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Up North : European ceramics and tobacco pipes at the nineteenth-century contact period Inuit winter village site of Kongu (IgCv-7), Nachvak Fiord, Northern Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis considers the European ceramic and tobacco pipe assemblages from the nineteenth-century Inuit winter village site of Kongu (IgCv-7) on Nachvak Fiord in northern Labrador. Though the inhabitants of Kongu resided in a remote northern community, they were active participants in the northern trade networks during the contact period. Through analysis and interpretation of the ceramic and tobacco pipe assemblages from Kongu, and application of a post-colonial theoretical  framework, this thesis seeks to investigate the effects of European contact on traditional northern Inuit communities.


identifier: Gill, Eric William <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gill=3AEric_William=3A=3A.html>   (1999) The scattering of high frequency electromagnetic radiation from the ocean surface : an analysis based on a bistatic ground wave radar configuration.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The scattering of high frequency (HF) radiation from rough surfaces is addressed with a view to developing bistatic cross sections of the ocean surface. The analysis starts with an expression for the normal component of the electric field in the form of a two-dimensional spatial convolution involving the spatially Fourier transformed source field and the appropriate Green's function for the region of interest. This expression is reduced to integrals which are analyzed to second order in scatter. The reception point of the scattered field is kept general, and, initially, the good-conducting, slightly rough surface is chosen to be time invariant. The excitation of the assumed vertical dipole source is also kept general at the outset. Reduction of the resulting integrals is accomplished primarily via asymptotic techniques. -- The analysis leads to a first-order field component and a second-order solution consisting of three separate components. The latter account for (1) double scattering from a surface region remote from both the source and the receiver and (2) fields arising from single scattering near either the source or receiver which is  followed or preceded, respectively, by a single remote scatter. These bistatic forms are shown to reduce to existing monostatic results with the introduction of the appropriate scattering configuration. -- Using the general field expressions, the source is next specified to be a vertical dipole with a pulsed sinusoidal excitation. This is done with a view to extending the analysis to obtain bistatic cross section expressions for the ocean surface when interrogation is carried out with a pulsed radar. Before this can be accomplished, time variation for the randomly rough surface is also introduced into the model. It is assumed that the surface varies much less slowly than the time necessary to obtain a single measurement of the scattered field. -- The HF bistatic Doppler cross section of the time varying surface is effected via Fourier transformation of the ensemble-averaged electric field and subsequent comparison with the radar range equation. This standard technique gives first- and second-order cross section models which are calculated and depicted by introducing an appropriate directional representation of the ocean spectrum. It is shown that all of the essential characteristics of the previous monostatic formulations are contained in these cross sections as a special case. -- Finally, a technique is developed for modelling the expected pulse radar spectrum when signal reception is externally noise limited. It is assumed that both the ocean echo and noise voltage may be represented as zero-mean Gaussian random variables. The resulting models are shown to compare very favourably with available monostatic spectra. -- The bistatic cross sections and the noise model for pulsed HF radar provide a means of setting the appropriate specifications of particular systems which may  be used for ocean surface parameter estimation. Additionally, the properties of the scattering as manifested in the theory should be relevant to further developments of clutter suppression schemes for use in hard-target detection.


identifier: Yuan, Guobing <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Yuan=3AGuobing=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Zeolite and high carbon fly ash mixes as liner materials for lead/phenol sorption.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Two natural zeolites, i.e. chabazite (CHB) and clinoptilolite (CLN), and two coal fly ashes, i.e. Lambton fly ash (LBash) and Nova Scotia fly ash (NSash), were studied toward their suitability as construction materials for landfill liners. Lead (Pb²⁺) and phenol (C₆H₅OH) were chosen to represent inorganic and organic leachates. The research was focused on (1) the sorption capacity of zeolite and fly ash against Pb²⁺ and phenol; (2) the hydraulic conductivity of these candidate materials when percolated with aqueous solutions of Pb²⁺ (2500 mg/l), phenol (55 mg/l), and Pb²⁺/phenol mixture (Pb²⁺ = 2500 mg/l and phenol = 55 mg/l), respectively; (3) the interaction among zeolite, fly ash, Pb²⁺, and phenol; (4) the optimum mix design for zeolite and fly ash in terms of leachate retention and hydraulic performance. -- Material characterization revealed that LBash is distinguished from NSash by its unburnt carbon content and surface functional groups. For zeolites, CHB has a higher chemical activity and larger cation exchange capacity than CLN. Batch tests on the four materials demonstrated that CHB was most powerful in Pb²⁺ sorption (210 mg/g) while LBash was most effective in phenol removal (1.3 mg/g). Experimental preference was then given to CHB, LBash, and their mixes. -- During column leaching tests, Pb²⁺ sorption took place on LBash and CHB solids through physisorption, chemisorption, complexation, precipitation, and ionic sieving of CHB micro-pores. Phenol was attenuated by LBash and CHB via acid-base reaction, dipole attraction, and hydrogen bonding. In CHB and LBash mixes, CHB was the principal sorbent with Pb²⁺, while LBash was mainly responsible for phenol retention. When Pb²⁺ and phenol coexist in the system, they compete for all sorption sites except for the CHB micro-pores, which cannot accommodate the size of phenol molecules. The hydraulic conductivity values of CHB and LBash with Pb²⁺ or phenol permeant ranged between 1.7 x 10⁻⁸ and 7.0 x 10⁸ m/s. Mixes of CHB and LBash are less permeable due to a better filling of pore space. Although the three leachates used as permeant had different chemical properties, they were not concentrated enough to alter the hydraulic conductivity of test specimens. -- It was concluded that, under present experimental conditions, a CHB/LBash ratio of 1:1 in weight appeared to be the optimum mix for a liner material which will exhibit a maximum overall retardation of Pb²⁺ and phenol. The 1:1 mixture compacted under standard condition also showed a minimum hydraulic conductivity in the order of 3.0 x 10⁻⁹ m/s.


identifier: Scott, David J. F. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Scott=3ADavid_J=2E_F=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1985) The proofs of God's existence in Descartes' Meditations.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Descartes’ Meditations have as their explicitly stated goals the proofs of the existence of God and the proof of the distinction between mind and body. A third goal, implicit in this work, is the setting of the mathematical sciences upon a firm foundation. This study endeavours to provide an account of the first of those goals, the proofs of God’s existence, with a view to showing their significance both within the analytic framework Descartes adopts in the Meditations and within the context of Descartes’ philosophy as a whole. -- In the first chapter, a general outline of Descartes’ method is presented. Within the context of this method, the particular method employed in the Meditations, i.e. analysis, is then discussed. -- The proofs for God’s existence in the third Meditation presuppose a level of abstraction from the world of sense perception that can only result from the doubt of the first and second Meditations. Chapter Two traces the extent of this doubt. -- In order to properly understand the proofs for God’s existence in Meditation Three, several important Cartesian doctrines must be noted. Chapter Three discusses, for example, the doctrines of representative perception, of objective reality in ideas, and of degrees of reality. -- In the fourth chapter, the proofs of God's existence in Meditation Three are treated. These proofs are shown to follow directly from the process of doubt and the method of analysis, and they are also shown to reduce to the same fundamental intuition. 'I exist, therefore God exists'. -- The final chapter of this study opens with the proof of the truth of clear and distinct ideas consequent upon God's veracity. It is then argued that this proof underlies the a priori argument for God's existence in Meditation Five. Finally, this proof of God's existence is shown to be present in the Meditations in order to undermine the 'natural' doubt arising from the mind's reflection upon its own clear and distinct ideas. With this proof, a science of the external world becomes possible.


identifier: Faulkner, Tracy-Lee Elizabeth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Faulkner=3ATracy-Lee_Elizabeth=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Young adults living with inflammatory bowel disease : a phenomenological study.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition affecting the digestive system. It is characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission and often poses many difficulties for those living with the disease. Young adulthood is a period with many life transitions. These transitions coupled with living with inflammatory bowel disease present unique challenges for young adults. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of young adults living with inflammatory bowel disease. There was little qualitative research available on the topic of living with inflammatory bowel disease. It was decided that a phenomenological research approach would provide rich, in-depth description, and understanding of the experience. Three young adult women who met specific criteria participated in the research study. Collection of data occurred through un-structured interviews. Colaizzi's (1978) method of data analysis, including bracketing of assumptions, was used to identify seven essential themes, which when combined best describe the women's experience. The seven themes identified were: (1) dealing with symptoms, a constant struggle, (2) embarrassment: trying to hide the condition, (3) uncertainty: it could flare up at anytime, (4) lost time: interfering with normal life, (5) the double edged sword: treatment can be as difficult as the disease, (6) needing to maintain a supportive environment and (7) accepting the challenge of living with IBD. Through phenomenological inquiry into the lived experience of these young adults with inflammatory bowel disease, a greater understanding of their  experience was gained. This understanding helps to enhance nursing's knowledge base on the phenomenon.


identifier: Head, David Martin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Head=3ADavid_Martin=3A=3A.html>   (2008) The role of the read through variant of acetylcholinesterase in anxiogenic effects of predator stress in mice.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The goal of this study was to examine the role of the read-through variant of acetylcholinesterase (AChE-R) in the changes in affective behaviour using the predator stress model of PTSD. This read through variant has been shown to exist at higher levels in the brain following stress (Pick, Flores-Flores, & Soreq, 2004, Meshorer et al., 2002). -- The role of acetylcholinesterase in predator stress was examined in mice using a novel drug EN 101, a systematically administered central acting antisense mRNA for AChE-R. Research by Pollak at el. (2005) demonstrated that cholinergic enhancement using EN 101 produces central and peripheral anti-inflammatory effects. EN101 acts to disrupt the stress precipitated induction of the transcription of the read-through variant of AChE by selectively targeting the mRNA sequence for AChE-R. It is AChE-R in limbic cholinergic circuitry that contributes to anxiogenic effects of traumatic stress (Talma et al., 2003). We administered multiple injections of the drug to the same animals at specific time points prior to and after a predator stress exposure in male C57 mice. This was done to ascertain whether the specific action of EN 101 on AChE-R expression had any effect on stress induced lasting changes in multiple tests of murine affective behaviour. -- Predator stress caused a significant increase in startle amplitude, which EN 101 blocked. This effect was specific to EN 101, as the control inverse drug INVEN101 was without effect on stress effects on startle amplitude. INVEN101 is the inverse of the EN 101 drug consisting of the same mRNA base pairs only in a different order than EN 101. This evidence suggests that EN101 is acting to lower the levels of the read-through variant of acetylcholinesterase in brain regions responsible for startle amplitude (hyperarousal) in rodents. Neither drug affected the impact of predator stress on behaviour in the plus maze, and both drugs partially reduced stress suppression of time active in the hole board. In the light dark box test INVEN101 appeared to exhibit a  weak effect partially inhibiting the effects of predator stress on light dark box behaviour. This behavioural change would require replication in order to accept. Together the data reinforce the supposition that multiple neural systems are responsible for the different changes in behaviour produced by predator stress. -- This study provides evidence for a role of AChE-R in specific changes in anxiety-like behaviour following stress. Further research is necessary to pinpoint the exact time window for administration of the drug in order to prevent or inhibit changes in affective behaviour following predator stress. Work is also needed to determine whether other systemic effects of the drug might occur.


identifier: Watkins, Kathy E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Watkins=3AKathy_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2001) The meaning of perinatal loss for women in Newfoundland : a phenomenological study.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Pregnancy is generally a time of joyous anticipation and positive outcomes for expectant couples. However, the expected birth of a healthy baby can come to a tragic end with a sudden, unanticipated pregnancy loss. This event can be devastating for women, their partners, and their families. Although there is a large body of literature on parental responses to perinatal loss and some of the factors influencing grief intensity, very few studies have examined a woman's lived experience with perinatal loss. This phenomenological study used van Manen's method to explore the question: What is the meaning of perinatal loss for women who have experienced a miscarriage or stillbirth? From the data collected in unstructured interviews, seven themes were identified: shattering of hopes and dreams; centrality of the loss; shared grieving: identifying and accepting differing coping styles; dealing with others; dealing with the loss; living with emotional uncertainty: gentle reminders; and letting go and moving on. The essence of this experience was searching for meaningful integration. The findings indicate that women who have early and late perinatal losses cope with feelings of loss and grief in an individualized manner.  In searching for meaning in her experience, each woman was influenced by the responses of partners, family, others in the social world, and health care providers.


identifier: Briffett, Carla Marie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Briffett=3ACarla_Marie=3A=3A.html>   (2010) The Methodist "Authoritarian fiction" of George Bond.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: George John Bond (1850-1933), born in St. John's, Newfoundland, had a passion for both the island and the Methodist Church. His fictional oeuvre consists of one published novel, four published and eight unpublished short stories. In the narratives, the religious themes and practice of prayer, conversion, revival, temperance, and Sabbath observance are addressed. By contrasting the lives of his characters before and after the arrival of Methodism, Bond highlights the improvement that he believes occurs when living a spiritually based life. This thesis understands Bond's fictional work as "authoritarian fiction" and discusses the phenomenology of prayer, psychology of conversion, and historical presence of Newfoundland Methodism. It is evident that  Bond used both positive and negative exemplary models to relay Methodist theology to the reader. The relationship established between Bond and the reader suggests that the literature was meant to extend beyond entertainment value. The repetition and redundancy in the collection reinforces the motifs for his stories and novel and teaches and preaches nineteenth-century Methodist theology and practice as understood by Bond.


identifier: Laurel, Benjamin Jeffrey <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Laurel=3ABenjamin_Jeffrey=3A=3A.html>   (1998) The use of endogenous and exogenous resources during the early development of Atlantic redfish (Sebastes spp.).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Atlantic redfish (Sebastes spp.) are a commercially exploited groundfish in the NW Atlantic, yet little is known about the early life history of these species. Their ovoviviparous reproductive strategy and restriction to deep benthic environments during spawning makes studying embryogenic and larval stages difficult. Proper management of exploited fish species, however, depends upon a comprehensive understanding of early development as it is during the egg and larval stages that recruitment variability is considered to be largely determined. I conducted two separate investigations describing the use of endogenous and exogenous resources in larval red fish in an attempt to both provide insight into recruitment processes as well as  understand the evolutionary success of these species. -- The first study examined changes in lipid and fatty acid profiles in developing pre-extruded larvae. During development within the female there was nearly a 50% reduction in total lipid, suggesting that lipids are an important source of energy and that metabolism of these resources occurs prior to parturition. Triacylglycerol was preferentially catabolised over polar lipids unlike other Atlantic groundfish during embryogenesis such as cod (Gadus morhua) and halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). High variability in these lipid reserves suggests that sensitivity to mismatches in prey after parturition likely varies between broods, assuming increased endogenous resources reduces risk of starvation. -- The second study investigated behaviour, growth and survival of larval redfish reared under prey densities of 0. 500. 1500 and 4500 prey L⁻¹ in laboratory conditions. Some larvae lived to day 18 in the 0 prey L⁻¹ treatment despite possible handling stress from collection and transporting. Growth, survival and condition of larvae varied with prey concentration but were highest in the 1500 prey L⁻¹ treatment. The significantly lower prey bite:orient ratios in the 4500 prey L⁻¹ treatment suggest that larvae may have become confused at higher prey densities. A possible confusion effect may have explained the significant reduction in growth and survival of larvae reared in the highest prey treatment. Although the prey densities used in this experiment are higher than those reported in the field, comparisons with other rearing experiments suggest that prey availability may not be as limiting to redfish as for other commercially important species such as Atlantic cod.


identifier: Zhang, Shenqiu <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Zhang=3AShenqiu=3A=3A.html>   (2008) The nonredundant contourlet transform (NRCT): a multiresolution and multidirection image representation with perfect reconstruction property.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Multiresolution and multidirection image representation has recently been an attractive research area, in which multiresolution corresponds to varying scale of structure in images, while multidirection deals with the oriented nature of image structure. Numerous new systems, such as the contourlet transform, have been developed. The contourlet transform has the benefit of efficiently capturing the oriented geometrical structures of images; however, it has the drawback of a 4/3 redundancy in its oversampling ratio. In order to eliminate the redundancy, this thesis proposes a progressive version of the contourlet transform which can be calculated with critical sampling. The new proposed image representation is called the nonredundant contourlet transform (NRCT), which is constructed with an efficient framework of filter  banks. In addition to critical sampling, the proposed NRCT possesses many valuable properties including perfect reconstruction, sparse expression, multiresolution, and  multidirection. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the novel NRCT has better peak signal-to-noise performance than the traditional contourlet transform. Moreover, for low ratios of retained coefficients, the NRCT outperforms the wavelet transform which is a standard method for the critically sampled representation of images. --  After examining the computational complexity of the nonredundant contourlet transform, this thesis applies the NRCT to fingerprint image compression, since fingerprint images are examples of images with oriented structures. Based on an appropriately designed filter bank structure, the NRCT is easily compatible with the wavelet transform. Hence a new transform is created called the semi-NRCT, which takes the advantages of the directional selectivity of the NRCT and the lower complexity of the wavelet transform. Finally, this thesis proposes a new fingerprint image compression scheme based on the semi-NRCT. The semi-NRCT-based fingerprint image compression is compared with other transform-based compressions, for example the wavelet-based and the contourlet-based algorithms, and is shown to perform favorably.


identifier: Zubaydi, Achmad <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Zubaydi=3AAchmad=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Use of neural networks for the identification of damage in ship structures.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The occurrence of damage in a ship's structure especially at the connection between a longitudinal and a heavy transverse members of the side shell is unavoidable under all operating conditions. The damage does not generally result in the loss of ships, nevertheless, it is often the cause of costly repairs and replacements of hull structures. Therefore, damage should be identified at an early stage in order to prevent the development of a more significant damage. This study presents a procedure for the identification of damage occurrence in the side shell of a ship's structure using a neural network technique. The structure is modeled as a stiffened plate. -- An experimental study using modal testing techniques was carried out for measuring the time history of the random response of undamaged and damaged models. The damage was made using a hacksaw at several locations on the longitudinal faceplate near the transverse member. The random decrement signatures, and the auto and cross-correlation functions were obtained from the random response. -- A finite element model was developed to generate numerical acceleration frequency response functions for the model. Excellent agreement was obtained between the numerical  and the experimental acceleration frequency response functions. The numerical and the experimental data were used for validating an identification technique using neural networks. -- The results of the present study show that one can use the random signature or the autocorrelation function for the random response to identify the extent and location of damage.


identifier: Schofield, Bertha L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Schofield=3ABertha_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) The relationships between learning styles, critical thinking and teacher instruction in nursing education.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis has no abstract.


identifier: Lowen, John Benjamin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lowen=3AJohn_Benjamin=3A=3A.html>   (2008) To grow and survive or reproduce and die?: life-history strategies and ecological interactions between the mussels Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Mytilus trossulus (Gould, 1850) in the Northwest Atlantic.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The spatial and temporal distributions of two closely related blue mussel species (Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus) which co-exist within a mosaic hybrid zone in Newfoundland are not well understood. Where closely related species do not clearly differentiate along resource or physiological gradients, resource allocation to traits that enhance their ecological differentiation in fluctuating environments could stabilize their co-existence. Accordingly, a key objective of this study was to relate the plasticity of growth (which influences future survival), reproductive effort (which influences dispersal and colonization), and survival (linked to maintenance), among M. edulis, M. trossulus and their reciprocal F1 hybrids to variation in site productivity. The findings determined the design of a subsequent series of experiments, which focussed on predator inducible defenses and density dependent intra-specific and inter-specific interactions between M. edulis and M. trossulus. Reproductive cycles were generally similar among the parental species and F1 hybrids. Gamete output was significantly higher in M. trossulus than in M. edulis and the F1 hybrids. M. edulis prioritized allocation of resources to somatic traits (growth, shell thickness and adductor mass) to a greater extent than M trossulus, while M. trossulus prioritized allocation to reproduction (reproductive effort) to a greater degree than M. edulis. As in M. trossulus, but not in M. edulis, growth among sites in both hybrid groups did not change. Flexible allocation to reproduction among sites was evident in the F1 hybrids, but relative to M. trossulus overall reproductive effort was considerably lower. Hybrid edulis (M edulis female parent) survival was also lower than in both parental species, while hybrid trossulus (M. trossulus female parent) survival was not significantly different, although variation was greater in hybrid trossulus. These attributes likely reduce the establishment success of the F1 hybrid groups. In an experiment on predator induced defensive allocation, M. edulis also developed a thicker shell and heavier adductor muscle than M. trossulus in the presence of sea stars, and a thicker shell than M. trossulus in the presence of crabs. Sea stars and crabs also induced stronger byssal attachment in both species, albeit to a greater extent in M. edulis than M. trossulus. Compared with M trossulus, M. edulis growth decreased at a much greater rate with increasing density. Given that food availability (if limited) and/or space may increase with decreasing density, these findings provide additional evidence that M. edulis prioritizes allocation to somatic traits to a greater extent than M. trossulus. M. edulis also grew faster in the presence of M. trossulus than when grown with an equal number of M edulis only. Survival of M. edulis and M. trossulus was not affected by density, regardless of whether the mussels were maintained in the presence or absence of the other species. In conclusion, faster growth resulting from increased space availability or site productivity, or from the presence of M trossulus, together with  enhanced defenses in the presence of predators, increases the resistance of M. edulis to biotic disturbance and therefore its likelihood of displacing M. trossulus. Conversely, M. trossulus invests more resources to reproduction relative to M. edulis, which likely increases its ability to re-colonize disturbed environments. Inter-specific differences in colonization or displacement abilities in disturbed environments reinforce stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms maintaining species co-existence. Resource allocation trade-offs and associated ecological differentiation in disturbed environments likely play an important and overlooked role in maintaining species diversity among assemblages of closely related interbreeding sessile species.


identifier: Andrews, David <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Andrews=3ADavid=3A=3A.html>   (2008) West orange.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: West orange

abstract: My thesis has two components: the first contains six pieces of fiction and, the second, a brief critical essay. -- West Orange is a collection of short stories, and while each of these stories contain individual themes and different characters and situations, they are meant to be considered as a thematic whole. Before the Ambulance Arrives is the story of an accident. Remains is a ghost story that is told without characters and without ghosts. God is a story about a story and concerns the way in which things can get lost, while West Orange is a story about something that is found on a beach. Finally, The Seven Princesses is a story about trying to tell a story in another land. --  In the essay, entitled Shades of West Orange, I attempt to explain some of the ideas that went into the writing of the stories and focus one of the wider themes therein. It can be viewed, therefore, as another type of ghost story.


identifier: McKechnie, Rhiannon <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McKechnie=3ARhiannon=3A=3A.html>   (2010) With terror in their hearts: a structural and textual analysis of gender, transmission, and the enjoyment of horror in slasher films and contemporary legends.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The contemporary legend canon contains many different kinds of legends, including but not limited to food contamination, embarrassing sexual situations and incidents with automobiles. However, there is a particular subset that involves a maniac (usually assumed to be male) attacking a victim who is usually young and female. I have dubbed these contemporary horror legends. They bear a strong resemblance to the violent and gory horror films I watched in my youth, which I refer to as slasher films. In these slasher films, teenaged victims are butchered by killers who are frequently male. Are slasher films merely using a different mode of transmission to tell the same stories as contemporary horror legends? In this thesis, I use textual and structural analyses to compare contemporary horror legends and slasher   films: their modes of transmission, their depictions of gender and their audiences. Why do we continue to enjoy telling, and watching, these horror stories?


identifier: Nashin, Sanjala Rizvan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nashin=3ASanjala_Rizvan=3A=3A.html>   (2010) Vent sizing of oil field chemicals.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Vent sizing of oil field chemicals

abstract: High temperature and pressure conditions occur very frequently in the oil and gas operation. A variety of oil field chemicals, such as corrosion inhibitors and hydrogen sulfide scavengers, are commonly used. These two chemicals are generally hydrocarbons, volatile and vulnerable in heating conditions. The objective of this work is to evaluate the hazard associated with three liquid (Nox Rust 1100, Nox Rust 9800, and Brenntag) and one solid (VCI 1 powder) corrosion inhibitors, and one hydrogen sulfide scavenger formulated with Formaldehyde and Monoethanolamine. -- The Vent Sizing Package (VSP2) and the Advanced Reactive System Screening Tool (ARSST) are used to evaluate the thermal properties for hazard assessment and vent sizing. ARSST is used for rapidly screening and characterizing the system, and it provides directly scalable relief-system design data for reactive systems. Whereas, VSP2 continuously tracks pressure and adiabatic temperature which makes it a useful tool for measuring temperature and pressure rise rates. Vent sizing methods such as Leung's, Fauske's standard, and Fauske's short form equation are applied to the studied systems. The derived vent sizing areas are compared to determine the most appropriate one. -- The studied corrosion inhibitors and the hydrogen sulfide scavenger show three kinds of system behaviors: non-reactive vapor, reactive vapor and gassy. The hydrogen sulfide scavenger sample is found to be the most reactive sample with two exotherms. Among the corrosion inhibitors, Nox Rust 9800 requires the largest area to volume ratio (2.15x10⁻⁴ m⁻¹) and VCI 1 powder require the lowest (7.26x10⁻⁶ m⁻¹).


identifier: Onodenalore, Akhile Collins <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Onodenalore=3AAkhile_Collins=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Value-added functional protein products and endogenous antioxidants from aquatic species.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Protein dispersions were prepared from male and spent female capelins and shark after aqueous washings of their meats using 0.5% NaCl, 0.5% NaHCO₃ and water, consecutively. Extraction of pigments, odorous matter and free amino acids occurred during washings. The unacidified dispersions were highly viscous and stable to heat and centrifugal force. Over 90% of the protein in the dispersions remained in solution after heating at 70 or 100 °C. However, on addition of acetic acid, viscosity of shark protein dispersion was lowered. Total amino acid composition of the dispersion virtually remained unchanged due to washing. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) values of washed meats, calculated by an amino acid scoring methodology, were comparable to those of unwashed meats. However, over 60% of the free amino acids were extracted due to washing, thus producing a bland product. -- Enzyme-assisted hydrolysis of shrimp heads and female lumpfish after roe extraction was carried out. Of the enzymes considered (Alcalase, Neutrase and Trypsin), Alcalase was the most efficient in producing protein hydrolysates with desired degree of hydrolysis (DH) and highest nitrogen recovery (NR). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions using Alcalase for shrimp heads and lumpfish proteins. A polynomial regression model was used to predict the optimum conditions for the process, these were 58 °C at pH 8.1 and enzyme/substrate concentration ratio of 33.1 AU/kg crude  protein for shrimp protein hydrolysis for a predicted DH of 17.8%. The optimum hydrolysis conditions for lumpfish protein, as predicted by the regression model, were temperature, 63 °C; pH. 8.1: and enzyme/substrate concentration ratio. 28.5 AU/kg crude protein for a DH of 18.4%. Nitrogen recovery in shrimp and lumpfish protein hydrolysates prepared under optimum hydrolysis conditions were 72.2 and 79.9%, respectively. The regression coefficient (R²) values which were >0.95 and the close values of experimental hydrolysis results to those predicted, indicated the adequacy of the models employed. The total amino acid composition of the prepared shrimp and lumpfish protein hydrolysates were similar to those of their starting materials. However, over a 14-fold increase in the content of free amino acids was noted in these protein hydrolysates. Furthermore unique functional characteristics of the  hydrolysates with respect to moisture and fat adsorption, emulsifying capacity, emulsion stability, among others, were noted. Addition of 3% (w/w) shrimp protein hydrolysate to mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) resulted in cooking yield and drip volume of 118% and 5.3 mL/100 g, respectively, as compared with 76% and 10.6 mL/100 g for the control. These effects of the addition of shrimp protein hydrolysates compare favourably with those obtained for commonly used phosphates (sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate) in food. The protein hydrolysates also displayed antioxidant activity in a meat model system by inhibiting the formation of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and in a β-carotene/linoleate emulsion system by delaying the bleaching of β-carotene. Sephadex G-15 column separation of the peptides of shrimp protein hydrolysate afforded 5 fractions based on their absorbance at 220 and 280 nm, with fraction IV being most antioxidatively active. All fractions were further separated using a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic system and afforded multiple peaks with different retention times based on the hydrophobic nature of the peptides. The eluates also had antioxidative activity when tested in a β-carotene/linoleate system. -- The high level of free amino acids and peptides in the shrimp protein hydrolysates was exploited in the generation of volatile flavour compounds from the reaction involving shrimp protein hydrolysate and glucose via Maillard reaction. The compounds obtained included pyridines, pyrazines, aldehydes, furan derivatives, sulphur-containing compounds, among others. The number and concentration of volatile compounds from hydrolysate 1 (DH, 11.2%) and hydrolysate 2 (DH, 17.1%), only differed marginally. The major compounds formed were Strecker aldehydes and their corresponding substituted pyrazines. The most abundant volatile compound formed was 3-methylbutanal which accounted for 28% of the total amount of flavour compounds identified in hydrolysate 2. -- Extraction of antioxidant components of shrimp was performed by employing various solvents which differed in their polarity. Ethanol was the most suitable extraction medium and afforded extracts which exhibited antioxidant activity in a β-carotene-linoleate emulsion system. The components of the extract were separated using a silica gel column and further isolation was performed by thin layer chromatography which afforded four components. Two low polarity compounds as well as two high polarity compounds were separated using n-hexane-acetone (3:1. v/v) and n-butanol-water-acetic acid (3:1:1, v/v/v), respectively, as developing solvents. Reversed-phase HPLC was used to purify the compounds followed by their structural elucidation using electrospray mass spectrometry. The compounds are 3-membered ring phenolics and were identified as 7-(3-butenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-(1.2.5.6-tetrahydro-pyridin-2-yl) quinoline and 7-(3-butenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-(1.2.5.6-tertahydropyridin-2-yl)-7.8-dihydroquinoline and their isomers.


identifier: Wang, Pu <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wang=3APu=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Wireless sensor network: energy efficiency, security, and, fault tolerance.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an emerging networking paradigm that promises a wide range of potential applications in both civilian and military areas. WSN runs different kinds of applications in a variety of physical environments, which offers many challenges. The main design constraints include energy efficiency, fault tolerence, and security. In this thesis, we investigate the research problems involved in three types of sensor networks including the Under Water Sensor Network (UWSN), the Wireless Terrestrial Sensor Network (WTSN), and the Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN). -- We first formulate the node clustering problem into a cluster-centric cost-based optimization problem with an objective to improve the energy efficiency and prolong the network lifetime in UWSN. A novel distributed clustering protocol called minimum-cost clustering protocol (MCCP) is proposed, which selects a set of non-overlapping clusters from all potential clusters based on the cost metric assigned to each potential cluster and attempts to minimize the overall cost of the selected clusters. To provide a robust clustered architecture against cluster-head failures in UWSNs, a dependable clustering protocol is proposed in which two mechanisms are employed: fault prevention clustering and cluster head replication. Fault prevention clustering attempts to select those healthy nodes as cluster heads to prevent cluster head failures, and cluster head replication attempts to select a primary cluster head and a backup cluster head for each cluster member so that the constructed cluster hierarchy can tolerate cluster-head failures. --  The successful working of any fault recovery schemes heavily depends on a proper and efficient fault detection mechanism. Therefore, we propose a cooperative fault detection mechanism, which can accurately and quickly detect the failure of a cluster head through the independent fault status detection from each cluster member and a distributed agreement process for final decision. It runs concurrently with normal network operation at each cluster member and makes use of the data periodically sent by a cluster head as the heartbeats for fault detection. An agreement can be efficiently achieved within two TDM frames in each detection process. To address the energy efficiency problem in WTSN, Slepian-Wolf coding is employed to remove the redundancy caused by the data correlation. We first consider the clustered Slepian-Wolf coding problem, which aims at selecting a set of disjoint potential clusters to cover the whole network such that the global compression gain of Slepian-Wolf coding is maximized, and then  propose a distributed optimal-compression clustering protocol to solve the problem. Based on the resulting cluster hierarchy constructed, we study the optimal intra-cluster rate allocation problem to minimize the intra-cluster communication cost and further combine with the explicit entropy coding to minimize the inter-cluster communication cost. --  Furthermore, based on inherent characteristic of Slepian-Wolf coding, we propose a combined data aggregation and encryption scheme, called spatially selective encryption, for efficient and secure data transmission in WTSNs. Using this mechanism, as long as the data of the cluster head (a.k.a. the visual key) is properly protected, the data from all cluster members are secure. This novel approach can significantly reduce the energy consumption for data encryption. An energy-efficient key establishment protocol is also proposed to securely and efficiently establish the key used for encrypting the visual key. -- Finally, we propose a clustered on-demand multi-channel MAC protocol (COM-MAC) to support energy-efficient, high-throughput, and reliable data transmission in WMSNs. A scheduled multi-channel medium access is used within each cluster so that cluster members can operate in a contention-free manner in both time and frequency domains to avoid collision, idle listening and overhearing. A traffic-adaptive and QoS-aware scheduling algorithm is executed to maximize the network throughput. A spectrum-aware ARQ is further incorporated to better exploit the unused spectrum for a balance between reliability and retransmission.


identifier: Fudge, Neva Jennifer <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Fudge=3ANeva_Jennifer=3A=3A.html>   (2010) Vitamin D-independent regulation of intestinal calcium absorption and skeletal mineralization during pregnancy.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Pregnancy and lactation create a large physiological demand for calcium. Normally, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D₃) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are critical for the regulation of calcium and bone metabolism. Without 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and/or the VDR, intestinal calcium absorption is reduced, leading to hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia. This project assessed whether 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and the VDR were required for the regulation of calcium and bone metabolism during the reproductive periods. -- Mice lacking the gene encoding for the VDR (Vdr null) and wild-type (WT) mice were raised on a regular 1% calcium diet until 10 weeks of age and then switched to a 2% calcium, 20% lactose enriched diet. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured at baseline, late pregnancy, late lactation and 21 days after weaning. Duodenal ⁴⁵Ca absorption and gene expression, parameters of calcium homeostasis, bone turnover markers and bone histomorphometry were measured at baseline and late pregnancy. -- Vdr null mice had a significantly lower BMC at baseline as compared to WT siblings. WT mice gained 7% BMC during pregnancy, lost 18% during lactation and recovered to baseline post weaning. In contrast, Vdr null sisters gained 57% BMC during pregnancy (p≤0.05) resulting in a BMC that was equal to WT.  Vdr nulls lost 31% BMC during lactation and recovered post-weaning to a value that was 49% higher than the prepregnancy baseline. Duodenal ⁴⁵Ca absorption and the expression of the calcium channel transient receptor potential, vanilloid type 6 (Trpv6) was lower in Vdr nulls at baseline but significantly increased to WT levels during pregnancy.  Vdr null serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and bone turnover were elevated at baseline but normalized to WT levels by late pregnancy. Urine calcium concentration was reduced at baseline in Vdr null mice but similar to WT values during pregnancy.  Vdr null rachitic tibias were not morphologically repaired during pregnancy but had increased mineralization of osteoid. -- In summary, pregnancy increased intestinal calcium absorption in Vdr null mice, possibly through an increase in duodenal Trpv6 expression. This led to a normalizing of serum PTH levels, bone turnover and ultimately an increase in BMC. In conclusion, intestinal calcium absorption and skeletal mineralization are regulated independently of 1,25 (OH)₂D₃ and the VDR during pregnancy.


identifier: Tourigny, Eric <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Tourigny=3AEric=3A=3A.html>   (2009) What ladies and gentlemen ate for dinner: the analysis of faunal materials recovered from a seventeenth-century high-status English household, Ferryland, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis presents an analysis of the faunal remains recovered from various deposits associated with a complex of buildings known as the Mansion House from the seventeenth-century fishing settlement of Ferryland, Newfoundland. These buildings were built sometime between 1623 and 1625 by English settlers to serve as the residence of their colonial sponsor George Calvert (later the first Lord Baltimore). The complex included a two-storey main residence built of stone, an enclosed cobblestone courtyard and two auxiliary stone structures, one of which contained an 8 by 8 foot cellar. Calvert only resided in Ferryland for a little more than a year before leaving the colony. The Mansion House eventually came to serve as the residence of Newfoundland Governor Sir David Kirke and his family in 1638. Kirke built another house for himself sometime in the 1640s. The size, quality and location of the Mansion House meant that it would have been highly valued property even after the departure of the Governor and archaeological evidence suggests a high-status occupation during the second half of the seventeenth century. The discovery of the Mansion House, its well defined context and connection to high status individuals provides the opportunity to explore food consumption patterns of a high-status household of the early colonization period in seventeenth-century North America.  The goal of this thesis is to describe the diet and foodways of the Mansion House's former inhabitants. The results are then compared to faunal analyses of other assemblages in Ferryland. -- An abundance of faunal remains were recovered from the Mansion House in a fairly well preserved state relative to the low numbers and the poor condition of faunal remains normally recovered in Ferryland. This is believed to be a direct result of the limestone used in the construction of the stone buildings having an effect on the pH levels of the soil and allowing for better preservation. Information on the local natural environment and historical foodways of the English in the seventeenth century is used to guide the interpretations of the faunal remains. Results show that the residents of the Mansion House during the second half of the seventeenth century enjoyed meals primarily based on the consumption of mammals (both wild and domestic) and fish with a regular inclusion of birds. The Mansion House inhabitants appear to have consumed more beef than residents in other areas of the site as well as certain species of birds. These and various other differences found between the Mansion House assemblage and the other areas of the site are related to differential preservation conditions and to the limitations imposed onto the residents of the community by the seasonal cod fishery and the important role it played in the everyday lives of Ferryland residents.


identifier: Glynn, Erin Imelda <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Glynn=3AErin_Imelda=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Women living with psoriasis : a phenomenological study.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic condition of the skin for which there is no cure. There are over 1 million people in Canada with psoriasis and it is estimated that 2-3% of the population of Newfoundland and Labrador are sufferers. The lived experience is important for people suffering with psoriasis and encompasses more than treatment modalities. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, physical and psychosocial effects of psoriasis, and quality of life issues have been covered in the current literature. Little research has been conducted on the lived experience of individuals with psoriasis. By using phenomenology as a research method, the lived experience of four women living with psoriasis in Newfoundland is explored. The analysis reveals the themes from the lived experience of these women. These themes are: 1) More than just a rash - physical symptoms; 2) Understanding from others - support; 3) Creative clothing - covering up; 4) The good, the bad, and the scary - treatment options; 5) Looking for answers; 6) Managing the public gaze - avoidance; 7) Knowing triggers - observing patterns; and 8) Moving on - developing comfort. It is hoped that nurses and other health care professionals will gain a better understanding of the lived experience of these women and be better able to provide holistic care to those suffering from psoriasis.


identifier: Roberts, Rosemary <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Roberts=3ARosemary=3A=3A.html>   (1999) What makes an explanation a good explanation? : adult learners' criteria for acceptance of a good explanation.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The problem that students have perceiving a need for proof is well-known to high school teachers and has been identified by researchers as a major problem in the teaching of proof. My research addresses the problem of teaching of proof, especially the role of proof as explanations for students. My study builds on Hoyles' (1997) and Reid's (1995a) studies to explore what qualities make an explanation a good explanation for the student. -- Through a questionnaire, classroom observations, and interviews with students and their teachers I researched the kinds of explanations students prefer, what constitutes a good explanation for students and teachers, and whether or not students mirror teachers' explanations or if they have their own style of explaining. -- Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed to collect and report the findings. A student questionnaire, set in two domains of mathematics, geometry and arithmetic/algebra, comprised the quantitative part of the study. To help determine the kind of explanation preferred the questionnaire offered deductive, inductive and analogical explanations. The student questionnaire was administered to adult learners who were enrolled in the trades, technician, business, applied arts, and Adult Basic Education (ABE) programs at the College of the North Atlantic, Happy Valley-Goose Bay campus. -- Interviews, participant observations and document analysis comprised the qualitative pan of the study. Person-to-person, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight adult learners enrolled in the ABE program at the same college. The two ABE mathematics instructors also participated in the person-to-person interviews. Both students and their instructors were observed within their classroom setting. The interviews and observations helped to determine students' preference for a particular kind of explanation, what qualities make an explanation a good explanation for the student and for the teacher and whether or not students mirror teacher explanations. Document analysis involved an intense literature review of proof, proving, and the different purposes proving serves. -- Students showed an overall preference for multiple example explanation and analogical explanation. It was the form of the explanation, namely its familiarity and accessibility, that students used as criteria for acceptance. The logical structure of an explanation was what the teacher used as criteria for acceptance. Conforming to teacher expectations was seen as a motivation for proving in the classes observed.


identifier: Chislett, Amy Danielle <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chislett=3AAmy_Danielle=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Using film to explore high school students' cultural attitudes in social studies.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis addresses the question, "Can a social studies learning activity, using film, help students become more aware of their cultural attitudes?" The research explores the use of the teaching tool, film, in combination with a learning activity to provide students with a valuable learning experience that encourages them to examine their cultural attitudes. This thesis argues for further inclusion of cultural attitude awareness in the social studies programs as part of citizenship education. The learning activity designed and used in this thesis proves to be a valuable way to encourage student cultural attitude awareness. The goal of this research is that further investigation and implementation of cultural attitude awareness of students will be carried out in high school social studies.


identifier: Morrison, Craig <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Morrison=3ACraig=3A=3A.html>   (2010) Virtue & Freedom: an exploration of autonomous human agency in Aristotle.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis will address the potential for an Aristotelian conception of autonomous human agency, and its relation to virtue and happiness by exploring Aristotle's Physics and De Anima (with associated texts). This will require an exploration of Aristotle's treatment of ousia or substance, and of the individual as capable of both normative and novel activity within nature. For Aristotle all natural beings are in a state of motion, specifically characterized as change in the form of generation and decay. There is a necessity within this natural motion that is characterized by spontaneity and chance; where the arche of spontaneity is seen as a determined, regulative, and automatic motion that is primarily manifest as the efficient and material causes. That is, for Aristotle, such actions are, in principle, necessitated as regulative or normative by the internally active, differentially integrating motion of nature. Thus, it is always for the sake of that sustained identity as its end, its telos, that cause is manifest as formal. -- Novel motion is a capability, a hexis, of the human soul that is indicative of an informed independently active and cognitively responsive rational movement that underlies creative human actions in the world (the embodied new). That which is genuinely novel or new restores/refreshes activity, in that novel action interacts as both creative and supportive of new motion within the natural world. This concept of life having internally originating novel movement, when considered as a feature of the natural world, can be seen as a kind of freedom insofar as it induces new movement and is not merely an effect of spontaneous/normative movement. -- The relation between spontaneous/normative and novel motion is especially significant with respect to human beings and other living things in that, as technologically skilled, we participate in the natural world. When we initiate change or motion we are providing purpose to that which we change or move; this represents a source for the new fresh starts or new motions Aristotle states in his Metaphysics must exist within nature, and thereby must be a capacity or potency within, most notably, living substance. -- Thus my process will begin with an exploration of ousia and the natural world in Aristotle's Physics, particularly book two, chapters eight and nine wherein the ground for the significance of novel action appears as Aristotle allows for the influence of matter in the natural world. This section underscores the interactivity of spontaneous motion within the natural world in which some motions support or impede other movements. But this also allows for novel action given human reason has the capacity to affect the world through what it knows. I will then explore the implication of novel motion for virtue as Aristotle presents it: the nous, insofar as it shapes virtuous activity tempered by habit, represents a locus of an Aristotelian conception of freedom as autonomy. --  The novel expression of freedom becomes explicit in the overwhelming fact that the individual human can choose not to act on his/her knowledge at any time, in that having knowledge (specifically virtuous knowledge) does not necessitate such action. -- This exploration will involve some consideration of texts from Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics, with selections from the Parts of Animals, and, finally, the Politics.


identifier: Hillier, Lindsay E. (Lindsay Erin) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hillier=3ALindsay_E=2E_=28Lindsay_Erin=29=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Validating and improving the Canadian coast guard search and rescue planning program (CANSARP) ocean drift theory.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Canadian Coast Guard Search and Rescue Coordinator uses a software system to estimate the drift of targets in the ocean, and consequently determine a search area. Existing software applies a simple drift algorithm (MiniMax) that has been in use since World War II (Canadian Coast Guard/Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada [CCG/DFO], 2000). -- The Coast Guard must be aware of the effectiveness of the drift prediction algorithm, and the efficiency of the environmental inputs used. This thesis determines the practicality of the available methods of MiniMax and the stochastic Monte Carlo approach. In addition, we explore the implementation of higher resolution ocean and sea current inputs. This both improves the current MiniMax algorithm and allows exploration of a modified Monte Carlo approach. -- Using an assembled database of drifting buoys in the North Atlantic Ocean, the accuracy of the MiniMax and the Norwegian Meteorological Office implementation of the Monte Carlo methods are evaluated. Results from the assessment indicate that present prediction methods in CANSARP underestimate actual drifts by 2 to 3 times the actual length. These results are used to determine where improvements must be made to the current algorithms and environmental inputs for eventual application to the search system.


identifier: Nderitu, Wanjiru <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nderitu=3AWanjiru=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Why do African women immigrate? : the experiences of African women immigrants in St. John's, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis explores the experiences of African women before and after they migrate. It asks the question "why do African women migrate," examines the conditions in Africa particularly those related to gender issues and shows how they contribute to the marginalization of women, limiting their access to resources, thereby creating poverty for women much greater than that suffered by their male counterparts. The thesis asks how the African woman got into this state of poverty and violence and explores colonialism and globalization as the two main forces that have driven the  marginalization of African women. It explores the construction of masculinity as an engine of violence and how violence intersects with poverty to marginalize African women. It also examines how racism and sexism in immigration policies of host countries can hinder the full participation of African women when they migrate. -- This study is based on case studies of women in Kenya and a group of Kenyan women in Massachusetts and other parts of the United States of America who told their stories. It also involves African women from various African countries and now living in St. John's who participated in open-ended interviews. A comparison was done on the perceived expectations of migration of the women in Kenya and the actual lived experiences of the women in the United States and those in St. John's. It was found that the two can be very different. Whereas the expectations of those women in Kenya who would consider migration as a survival strategy are colored by television and other images of life in the West and by material things that their relatives and other migrants bring back on their brief visits home, the actual lives of African women immigrants can be difficult, with experiences of double-duty syndrome, isolation and loneliness, long-working hours and deskilling of some professional women and immigrants, racism and sexism. But it can also be a liberating process, particularly for those women who are seeking refuge either from political or personal violence. -- This thesis also explores issues of development from a gendered perspective and argues that for development issues to be effective, women and their relationship with nature have to be taken into account and that when local knowledge is ignored, development projects risk failure because of resentment by women on whose labor and goodwill such projects must ultimately rely. On theoretical framework I argue that feminists should work on what unites them instead of dwelling on differences in order for issues of gender inequalities to be effectively addressed and solutions found. I also examine African feminism and draw out the age-long debate between theory and activism.


identifier: Xiao, Su <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Xiao=3ASu=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Working memory capacity and age as determinants of performance in the balls and boxes puzzle.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Reber and Kotovsky (1997) claimed that even though learning to solve the Balls and Boxes puzzle is implicit, it is slowed by a secondary task, thus suggesting that implicit learning requires attentional capacity. In the present study, this suggestion and the degree to which implicit learning can be attributed to age-correlated changes were tested by comparing individuals differing in test-defined working memory (WM) capacity. Retrospective verbal reports, a move-selection test, and Trial 2 performance data all indicated that participants were unaware of their knowledge of the puzzle, suggesting implicit learning. However, speak-span scores did not correlate with performance measures on either the learning or transfer trial. It appears that in the absence of a secondary task, WM capacity did not affect learning or transfer in the Balls and Boxes puzzle. Moreover, inconsistent with Rebel's (1992, 1993) age-independent assumption, substantial developmental changes on performance were found when the children in the present study were compared to the adults in Reber and Kotovsky's (1997) study.


identifier: McCallum, David Skye <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McCallum=3ADavid_Skye=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Vertical seismic profiling in deviated wells: a study of the signal processing considerations when determining travel times and velocity anisotropy estimates from a vertical incidence and walkaway survey conducted in a deviated production well.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Travel times are essential for processing and velocity determination from VSP surveys. Even though many wells drilled today are deviated from vertical, there is very limited geophysical literature on the effects of well deviation on travel time measurements and processing issues when a VSP is conducted in a deviated well. An investigation of the processing considerations associated with acquiring precise travel times from a vertical incidence and walkaway survey conducted in a deviated well was carried out. Compensation for well deviation by rotating the vertical component in-line with the downgoing P-wave particle motion for each source-receiver pair of the vertical incident survey had a negligible effect on acquired travel times. Rotation of the vertical component in-line with the downgoing P-wave particle motion for each source-receiver pair of the walkaway survey proved to follow conventional practice and the deviation of the well was not an issue. -- The issue of well deviation when acquiring travel times from VSP surveys conducted in deviated wells is a concern when characterizing a reservoir by determining aspects like anisotropic characteristics of a specific rock layer. Using the travel times acquired from both the vertical incidence and walkaway surveys, it is demonstrated, by producing a percent velocity anisotropy estimate of 17.1% for a marine shale, that the travel time-inversion method is well suited for a deviated well setting. This estimate is appropriate when compared to published values and to an independent estimate of 17.9% obtained by modifying the phase-slowness method using the same assumptions that govern the travel time-inversion method. Modifying the phase-slowness method also made it operationally less intense. In general, with the application of reasonable assumptions, velocity anisotropy measurements can be obtained within a deviated well without rigorous computational adjustments.


identifier: Gillett, Heather Roselle <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gillett=3AHeather_Roselle=3A=3A.html>   (2008) "What is a brickmaker?" : an occupational folklife study of the brick industry in Chipman, New Brunswick.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study explores the central question "What is a brickmaker?" Focusing on a group of brickmakers in Chipman, New Brunswick, I examine how the men themselves determine the perimeters of their occupation and define their work and workplace. By privileging the workers' actual words and by looking at the larger themes of their collected narratives, I identify and reveal the subgenre of recognized occupational folklife such as canons of work technique, accident, prank and close-call narratives, beliefs, legends and jokes. I consider the larger implications of brickmaking to ask: "What is a brickmaker to the village of Chipman?" I argue that meanings of the term "brickmaker" to the actual brickmakers must inform an understanding of the occupation and its implications for the workers and their community.


identifier: Baldwin, Quentin F. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Baldwin=3AQuentin_F=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Effects of prescribed burning upon mycorrhizal fungal diversity inhabiting the roots of two and a half-year old black spruce (Picea mariana) : molecular characterization of ectomycorrhizal fungi via PCR/RFLP analysis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Out-planted black spruce seedlings were harvested from unburned as well as low and high intensity prescribed burned sites to assess the effects of burning and fire intensity upon ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal diversity. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in conjunction with universal and fungal specific primers, was used to amplify a fragment spanning the two internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA belonging to ECM fungi. Sampling allowed for the harvesting of both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal (NM) root tips. Despite the fact that some tips were classified as being NM, a PCR fragment was amplified from them. Staining of NM root tips showed there to be numerous types of endophytic hyphae surrounding and penetrating the root cortical cells. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) were used to classify specific fungal genotypes. Molecular data indicated that root tips harboring ECM fungi with distinct mantles (mantled tips), produced distinct RFLP genotypes compared to those root tips presumed to be non-mycorrhizal, or supporting mycorrhizas with thin/patchy mantles (exposed tips). Both NM tips, along with tips supporting thin/patchy-mantled fungi, displayed a wide variety of RFLP genotypes. -- Both the Shannon-Wiener and the Simpson indices were used to assess diversity based upon the RFLP patterns. It was found that neither fire, nor its intensity, caused a significant change in the ECM fungal diversity and/or community structure. Mantled tips showed distinct RFLP clades, which corresponded to crude morphotype groups. Some of these clades showed several intraspecific polymorphisms representing a particular genotype. It appears that the Glide Lake study site has a very high degree of ECM, as well as endophytic, fungal diversity. The level of diversity within the endophytic genotypes was comparable to that of ECM genotypes. The study also indicates that traditional diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson) are not well-suited for molecular data. Thus an index based upon phylogenetic distances, the 'Phi index', was constructed. The greater the degree of variability among the distances then the greater the diversity. -- It would appear that foresters need not be overly concerned with prescribed burning, nor the intensity of these burns, affecting the ectomycorrhizal diversity of outplanted black spruce. However, this does not mean that other ECM fungi, which do not associate with black spruce, are not affected. Further studies are needed in order to investigate the effects of fire upon other hosts and their associated mycorrhizal fungi. As well, more rigorous testing is needed before the Phi index can be declared a better measure of diversity when using RFLP data.


identifier: Pantin, Cecily Maria <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pantin=3ACecily_Maria=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Why the west won't win Afghanistan: game theory implications for post-conflict reconstruction.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Since 2002, NATO and the Western powers have been waging a war in Afghanistan and attempting to vanquish the roots of terrorism in the troubled nation. The reconstruction efforts began even as war continued to be fought. A considerably pro-western government under President Karzai was installed through electoral processes in 2004. Nevertheless, in 2007 reconstruction efforts seem no farther ahead and successes are minimal. Foreign interveners view Afghanistan as a tabula rasa upon which they can defeat the enemy and impose a liberal-democratic political and economic order. But this will not happen. The country continues to struggle against the influence of neighbors, violence and corruption of warlords, the illegal opium trade, as well as ethnic and religious disparities. Above all, Afghanistan remains subject to violent political jockeying. The country continues to grapple with the Taliban insurgency, the threat of attacks from remaining al-Qa'ida, and instability. The game being played in Afghanistan is much more complex than the West ever envisioned. As long as they continue to neglect the numerous nested games, specifically games in multiple arenas, embedded within the situation and focus solely on the game in the principal arena - defeating the Taliban and forming a pro-liberal state in the Middle East - reconstruction will fail. Troops continue to filter into Afghanistan but reconstruction and peace are slipping out of reach.


identifier: Decker, Stephanie J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Decker=3AStephanie_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Vermicomposting of cod (Gadus morhua) offal mixed with sphagnum peat.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Vermistabilization is the stabilization of organic wastes using earthworms. Most studies have analysed the use of earthworms in the stabilization of sewage sludge and vegetable wastes, however, there have been no in-depth studies which examine vermicomposting with fish offal. -- Sphagnum peat mixed with cod (Gadus morhua) offal was vermicomposted for 8 weeks with earthworms (Eisenia fetida) following a two week pre-composting period. Vermicomposting samples were compared with the same mixtures in the absence of earthworms. Results showed that the maximum proportion of cod offal that can be used during vermicomposting to ensure a 100% survival rate was 13% (dry wt). Cod offal of 15% or more (dry wt.) was toxic to the earthworms resulting in death; this was true even when the pre-composting period was extended by more than two weeks. Peat was selected as the bulking agent because peat adsorbs much of the ammonia (NH₃) gas, which is released during the decomposition of the cod offal, as ammonium ion (NH₄⁺). As a result of the ammonia gas being adsorbed there is a reduction in the amount of nitrogen that is lost during the decomposition process. Results indicated that, when earthworms were initially added to a compost mixture, the level of ammonium ion should not exceed 1.0 mg/kg to allow for an earthworm survival rate of 100%. -- The rate of organic matter stabilization was determined by measuring the reduction in the volatile solids content of the waste. Vermicomposting for 8 weeks produced a material with a significantly higher percentage of ash compared to composting for a similar period (P<0.05). It was concluded that vermicomposting resulted in a more stable material compared to composting. Results also indicated that earthworms increased the proportion of some available nutrients (i.e., phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium) which are needed for good plant growth. Thus, the results showed that vermicomposting is an effective method for stabilizing cod offal.


identifier: Durdle, Jodi L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Durdle=3AJodi_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Women, health and social change in a rural Newfoundland community.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines the social and cultural context of women, health and social change in one rural Newfoundland community. A holistic approach is taken to assist in the understanding of the social and cultural context, both past and present, of the community. -- Since the fishery Moratorium in 1992 the physical and human environment  of rural Newfoundland communities have been irrevocably altered. Specifically, the social and economic dynamics of women living in rural coastal communities has changed. I suggest that the traditional role of women held as the measure of what constitutes a good wife and mother within this community is in direct contradiction to the social reality facing women today.