identifier: Paterson, Robert Bruce <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Paterson=3ARobert_Bruce=3A=3A.html>   (1989) Toward the development of an effective upward-acting icebreaking bow: the preliminary design and testing of the S-Bow.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: An upward-acting icebreaking bow offers certain features, referred to as operational advantages, that may improve the utility, reliability, or some aspect of the performance of ice-transitting shipping. Since the cessation of testing of icebreaking plow designs in the mid-1970's, there have been important developments in icebreaking technology that may make an upward-acting icebreaking bow feasible. -- A new concept for an upward-acting icebreaking bow, designated the S-Bow, incorporates a shearing fracture action as a method of reducing ice resistance. This study was directed toward generating a bow form to demonstrate the concept. An experimental program was conducted in level uniform ice, but the range of conditions that an icebreaking vessel would encounter was considered in the development of the bow form. -- Alternative bow configurations were tested in a small-scale experimental program. The S-Bow form selected for 1:30 scale resistance tests resulted from this design program. The resistance trials were conducted in the ice tank of the NRCC Institute for Marine Dynamics using the M. V. "ARCTIC" as a test case. -- The trials were evaluated from videotaped observations, resistance measurements, and a numerical analysis of the breaking mechanisms. A clearly defined fracture sequence and an adequate flow of broken ice could be observed, but the measured average resistance levels ranged from 2.0 to 5.0 times the ice resistance of the "ARCTIC" with its present bow form. The analyses indicated a large component of the recorded resistance could be attributed to design problems but it was also established that a significant inherent resistance resulted from the lifting and movement of broken ice. -- A set of revisions are proposed to rectify the design problems. The indicated performance envelope was assessed against the potential influence of the operational advantages of an upward-acting bow. The development of the open water capability of the S-Bow and reduction of the magnitudes of ice resistance are required to demonstrate its feasibility.


identifier: Patey, Helen Frances <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Patey=3AHelen_Frances=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Freedom fighters: the violent pursuit of existential freedom in selected 20th century American narratives.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

abstract: This project undertakes a study of the representations of violence in a number of twentieth century American narratives. Traditional approaches to violence, both real and fictitious, frequently focus on causal analysis in an attempt to divide the violent from the non-violent. Such analysis precludes the shared human experiences that form the basis of existential philosophy. Approaching violent narratives from the perspective of philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, my study considers certain acts ofviolence as originating from a distorted search for freedom and autonomy. -- "Freedom Fighters" is divided into five chapters, four of which focus on a series of texts from different eras, different authors, and different social settings. Their commonalities result from the characters' use of violence, in one form or another, to attempt to give a sense of meaning and freedom to their human existence. In so doing, they confront a diversity of social circumstances, sometimes successfully, and sometimes not so successfully. Chapter One introduces the basic theories of violence and explores the philosophical concepts of existentialism that illuminate such theories. Part One includes Chapters Two and Three; it reflects on the desperation produced by the need to escape from threats to freedom. Chapter Two considers the fear provoked by racial intimidation as particularized in slavery; it explores texts by William Faulkner, Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, and Toni Morrison. The first three authors have particular significance to this work because of their own affinity for the philosophical writings of Sartre. Chapter Three in Part One deals with the responses to a new form of slavery, perhaps as pernicious as the old: that of corporate capitalist domination. Part Two, which includes Chapters Four and Five, deals with the freedom to become self-realized--to individuate. Chapter Four explores the movement towards individuation in novels by E.L. Doctorow and Walker Percy. In Chapter Five, the issues surrounding the struggle for subjective freedom in the face of gender dynamics are analyzed. The thesis concludes with a further consideration of the implications of Sartre's philosophy for a more complete and constructive understanding of violent behaviour. -- "Freedom Fighters" offers a new critical approach to the understanding of violence in texts, and subsequently perhaps in reality. Introducing the ideas of Sartre into such analysis opens up a new field of inquiry that will, one hopes, lead to innovative critical approaches. Reading the philosophy of existentialism with a more affirmative gaze offers the potential to shed new light on traditional concepts of individualism, freedom, and violent action.


identifier: Paturi, Shastri <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Paturi=3AShastri=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Tide modelling in the northwest Atlantic.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A three dimensional tidal model for the northwest Atlantic was developed including the 8 leading semi-diurnal (M₂, S₂, N₂ and K₂) and diurnal (K₁, O₁, P₁, & Q₁) constituents. Altimetric tides from TOPEX/Poseidon, TOPEX Tandem Mission, JASON-1, ENVISAT, and GFO missions were assimilated into the model. The model was a primitive equation, sigma coordinate system in the vertical, finite difference Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The model used a horizontal rectilinear grid of 1/12° X /12° resolution. The vertical eddy viscosity is computed using the Mellor and Yamada (1982) level 2.5 turbulence model. The model domain covers the region from 75°W to 42°W and 36°N to 66°N. The model is forced at the boundaries with elevations and depth averaged currents for the 8 semidiurnal and diurnal constituents extracted from a North Atlantic Model (Egbert and Erofeeva, 2002). We carried out experiments with homogeneous and stratified (summer-diagnostic) fluid, with and without assimilation, and their results are compared. -- The model reproduced the M₂, S₂, N₂, K₁ and O₁ tidal elevations to an accuracy of 2.1 cm, 1.6 cm, 0.9 cm 1.2 cm & 0.9 cm respectively excluding the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine region. Including the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine region, the accuracy is 10.7 cm, 2.8 cm, 2.5 cm, 1.3 cm and 1.1 cm respectively. Assimilation improved the model tidal elevation by a factor of 40-60%. The semi-diurnal tidal currents agreed to better than the diurnal constituents with observations. The agreement was best for the Georges Bank region indicating the model's capability to handle strong tidal current variability well. Assimilation improved the model tidal currents by roughly 20-30%. An enhancement of the K₁ and O₁ tidal elevation and currents at the shelf edge of Labrador is found in the model, in agreement with theory and observations. -- Inclusion of horizontally and vertically varying stratification indicates that stratification has a significant influence on the vertical profile of currents in the shallow areas. Tidal currents decrease in the bottom boundary, increase significantly in the rest of the bottom layer, and decrease in the upper and middle water column. Stratification improves the K₁ and O₁ currents very slightly by ~5%. Bottom friction and vertical eddy viscosity both played an important role in the shallow areas, especially in the Bay of Fundy, Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank and Scotian Shelf.


identifier: Payne, Samantha M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Payne=3ASamantha_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2012) Green chemical transformations of bio-sourced molecules.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Many modern synthetic organic chemicals and materials are made from non-renewable feedstocks. Given today's environmental concerns, the search for sustainable feedstocks capable of conversion into these chemicals is of increasing importance. In terms of sustainability, the way in which the reaction is carried out is another important consideration. With these concerns in mind, a group of 14 different bio-sourced, renewable feedstocks (homoserine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, oxalacetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, levulinic acid, γ-hydroxybutyrolactone, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol) were examined for their solubility/miscibility in a variety of ‘green’ solvents, including water, supercritical carbon dioxide, and ionic liquids. Two other bio-based compounds (5-hydroxymethylfurfural and D-xylose) were also studied in selected solvents. Trends in solubility were then assessed so that the data might be extrapolated to help predict solubilities of other related compounds. Some of this work has been published in Green Chemistry: S. M. Payne and F. M. Kerton, Green Chem. , 2010, 12, 1648 . -- Levulinic acid is a renewable chemical with great potential and has been identified as a ‘platform’ chemical by the US Department of Energy. Bio -sourced xylitol was transformed into levulinic acid in water using microwave heating at temperatures greater than 200°C, with yields of up to 45%. This reaction was heterogeneously catalyzed by an acidic sulfonated polymeric resin, Amberlyst-15, which, despite a colour change from grey to black, was easily regenerated with sulfuric acid for reuse in subsequent reactions. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of the post-reaction catalyst showed increased carbon, suggesting that carbonaceous materials formed from xylitol decomposition deposit on the catalyst surface. This reagent decomposition could also explain why maximum yields of 45-50% were obtained despite reactions progressing with 100% xylitol conversion. Even with the moderate yields obtained, the green nature of the system makes this process promising.


identifier: Peckford, Nancy Delene <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Peckford=3ANancy_Delene=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Women and feminist organizing during second wave feminism in Canada: reflections and considerations.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis has no abstract.


identifier: Peckham, Jordan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Peckham=3AJordan=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Elasticity and bioactivity of porous silicon films.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Porous silicon films with a variety of porosities pore geometries, and pore network morphologies were formed by electrochemical anodization of crystalline silicon in hydrofluoric acid-based electrolytes. The elastic properties of microporous films formed on p⁻ type substrates and mesoporous films formed on n⁺ type substrates were characterized using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. Bioactivity of micro, meso, and macroporous silicon was assessed by monitoring the mass of samples over time while immersed in a simulated body fluid with a chemical composition that mimics that of human blood plasma. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray studies reveal the presence of the bone-like mineral hydroxyapatite on some of the simulated body fluid-treated samples. Collectively, these studies provide a foundation for the use of porous silicon as a bioactive and elastically-adjustable bone-building matrix.


identifier: Pelley, Brad J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pelley=3ABrad_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Occupational health and the analytical and numerical modeling of airflow patterns in the industrial environment.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Possibly the world's first research on breathing problems among snow crab processing workers took place in Newfoundland in the 1970's. Preventing/mitigating these problems is of paramount importance as the snow crab industry is a major contributor to the regional economy in rural Newfoundland and Labrador communities. Crab asthma is caused by overexposure to the dusts, mists, fumes or aerosols that are generated during various processes. During these processes, proteins in the crab may become airborne and can enter the lungs and breathing tubes. A recent study suggests that very low levels of allergen will need to be achieved in crab processing plants to prevent respiratory symptoms from occurring among sensitized workers. Prior to the study described in this report, there had been no air sampling of allergen levels in snow crab processing plants in Newfoundland and Labrador. Air sampling has been carried out in four crab processing plants in Newfoundland and Labrador to identify the problematic areas. Allergen contamination concentrations have been identified and related to specific areas of the processing plants and to the individual processes themselves. --  A variety of ventilation methods have been examined with local exhausting of the workplace comprising the majority of the investigated techniques. Centerline velocity profiles for overhead, slotted, and canopy local exhaust hoods proposed in previous research have been examined. Numerical modeling of the cleaning, sawing, and batch cooling processes was carried out in both an idealistic and realistic plant domain to determine the airflow patterns in and around these individual processes, as well as determining possible capture velocities from imposed velocity profiles. Velocity profiles have been obtained for the space in the vicinity of the hood face rather than just along the centerline. Velocity and pressure contours were also determined to ascertain the degree of contaminant capture. All numerical results for idealistic and realistic plant environments have been investigated, discussed, and presented.


identifier: Pendergast, Marilyn A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pendergast=3AMarilyn_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1987) Les sons! Les sons!: an instructional module for imparting the sounds of the French language to students in the elementary core French classroom.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Because of the lack of appropriate instructional materials for teaching the sounds of the French language available for use in the elementary core French classroom, the purpose of this project was to dev':!lop a prototype teaching module for use in core French classes in Grade Four and Grade Five. The aims of the module were to teach the more difficult sounds of the French language to students at the beginning levels of French instruction, to improve pronunciation of the French language, and to interest and motivate students to learn to speak French correctly. -- The module presents some of the more difficult sounds of the French language to students in an informative, enjoyable manner, thus fostering an interest in the study of the French language. Included with the module are a teacher's guide, duplicating masters, cassette tapes, and flashcards. The student activities include comptines, songs, word games, and coloring sheets which are usually found enjoyable by most students at this grade level. -- To evaluate the effectiveness of this module, eight elementary classrooms were chosen to participate in the study. Two Grade Four and two Grade Five classrooms received a unit of instruction using the prepared materials. Two classrooms at each grade level did not receive instruct ion using the module. Pretest and posttest data were collected from all classrooms, and comparisons made. In addition, of the teachers selected to use the module, two had a strong background in French, and two a weak background. -- Gain scores were not calculated for the pretests and posttests. A two-way analysis of variance was performed on the posttest scores, and a t-test was done to analyze the data with respect to the effect of teacher fluency. The results of the analysis of data indicated that the students who used the module achieved significantly higher test scores than those who did not use the test module in both the oral and written posttests. There was no significant difference in outcomes due to teacher fluency. -- Affective outcomes of the module were sought by means of a student questionnaire. Eighty-two percent of students answering the questionnaire were favorably disposed towards the use of such materials. -- A teacher questionnaire sought opinions and suggestions for improvement. All teachers found the module useful, and three major suggestions were made for its improvement. -- It is concluded that the module is helpful and effective in teaching the sounds of the French language to elementary children and in increasing their enjoyment in learning the sounds of the French language. However, it is recommended that testing be carried out on a wider scale to determine whether similar results would be achieved by all elementary school children.


identifier: Pennell, Vanessa <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pennell=3AVanessa=3A=3A.html>   (2003) The selection, integration, and evaluation of a payload for chemical plume detection on an autonomous underwater vehicle.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The oil and gas industry is growing off the East Coast of Canada, and as a result the discharges associated with production continue to grow. Mandates are in place to ensure that these activities proceed in an environmentally acceptable manner. Policies are being introduced worldwide that are leading to zero-discharge or the use of complex risk assessment processes to determine the environmental impacts of these discharges. Little real data exists about the environmental effects of these discharges, and new and innovative methods for data collection need to be considered. One possibility is to use autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) for environmental monitoring, which is explored in this thesis. -- The steps associated with choosing and implementing an environmental payload on an AUV are discussed in this thesis. It was determined that sample collection methods were not appropriate for use on an AUV, but that in-situ sensors were useful for collecting environmental data. Sea-trials were performed in Burrard Inlet, British Columbia between February 4 and February 6, 2002. The AUV used for this project was the ARCS vehicle, supplied by International Submarine Engineering in British Columbia. The payload for this mission used two in-situ instruments, which were supplied by Applied Microsystems Ltd. The first was an underwater mass  spectrometer called the "In-Spectr". It is capable of measuring dissolved gases and volatile organic chemicals to atomic masses of up to 200 atomic mass units. It was used in a continuous mode of sampling that indicated the presence or absence of a chemical. The second instrument measured conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) and was called the "Micro-CTD". These instruments were user-friendly and easily integrated into the ARCS vehicle. -- The trials were successful in demonstrating the use of an underwater mass spectrometer on an AUV. It was shown that the payload could be used to detect chemical plumes, which might be considered a viable option for environmental monitoring offshore. A chemical tracer, dimethyl sulphide (DMS), was pumped into the water at a maximum rate of 9 L/h, as stipulated by the BC Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection. The mass spectrometer successfully detected the location of the DMS in the water ±13.5 m. The CTD was used to complement this data. Temperatures in the Inlet were relatively constant, with variations within one degree Celsius. Salinity increased with depth. The fresher water on the surface could be attributed to the larger volumes of precipitation during the winter months in that geographic region. -- The mass spectrometer was highly sensitive to power interruptions, which forced the instrument to shutdown. It was recommended that a back-up power system be provided. It was also recommended that the internal clocks on all instruments be synchronized before the sea-trials to simplify data analysis.


identifier: Penney, Colin Blair <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Penney=3AColin_Blair=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Hereditary diseases as causes of blindness in Newfoundland: a cohort study with long term follow up.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Background: In 1981, a cohort of 1,013 prevalent cases of blindness, registered with the CNIB, was studied. Established monogenic disease was the cause of blindness in 24% of cases and presumed in a further 6%. Since that original study, considerable new clinical information and family history data have been accumulated. In addition, incident cases with different causes of inherited blindness have been identified. -- Objectives: To determine: the proportion of cases of blindness attributable to monogenic disease after long term follow up; which blindness phenotypes were observed in each geographical region of the province; whether geographic clustering of specific phenotypes occurred; and whether mutation specific disease clustered in particular geographic regions. -- Methodologies: In 2007/8 all cases in the 198 1 cohort were reviewed in order to determine the number in whom the clinical diagnosis had changed; the number in whom the molecular genetic diagnosis was established; and the number of families available for potential novel gene discovery. In addition, the geographic distribution of families with various monogenic causes of blindness was mapped. -- Results: Long term follow up revealed that established genetic disease was the cause of blindness in 30% of the cohort and a further 12% had presumed genetic disease. Geographic clustering was observed with some inherited disorders, and random occurrence of others around the coast of Newfoundland. Within various geographic regions there were multiple genetic causes of blindness. For example, in Conception Bay communities, nine different hereditary eye diseases were identified. -- Conclusions: Newfoundland is a young founder population, consisting of multiple genetic isolates, where the peopling of these isolates has predisposed to the frequent occurrence of hereditary blindness, associated with multiple different genotypes and phenotypes. The genetic architecture of the Newfoundland population has facilitated the identification of novel genes and has resulted in families with the potential to facilitate further identification of novel genes and mutations causing blindness in Newfoundland in the future.


identifier: Penney, Mark E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Penney=3AMark_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Pre-contact period technological organization at Nachvak Fjord, northern Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis presents the results of one season's fieldwork at three pre-contact period sites in Nachvak Fjord, northern Labrador. It includes a detailed description of the fieldwork conducted by the author as well as the material culture collected. The thesis follows a research design rooted in technological organization method and theory. An analytical framework has been established which has been systematically applied to the dataset. This analysis has allowed for a comprehensive interpretation of the data which demonstrates that many aspects of technological organization varied between cultural groups and between sites in this setting. In particular, important insights are drawn on the technological organization strategies used by the Labrador Archaic, as well as the Early (Pre-Dorset) and Late Palaeoeskimo (Middle and Late Dorset) groups occupying the sites in question.


identifier: Penney, Peter Martin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Penney=3APeter_Martin=3A=3A.html>   (2008) An evolutionary algorithm for diagonal scaled preconditioned conjugate gradient.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient method (PCG) is an iterative method used to solve linear systems of equations Ax=b, were A is often a large and sparse matrix. In the PCG method, diagonal scaling (Jacobi scaling) may be used to precondition the Matrix A so that the method converges in fewer iteration steps than the conventional conjugate gradient method. Diagonal scaling is carried out by using the diagonal of A as a preconditioner at each conjugate gradient iteration step. This project proposes a novel approach using an evolutionary algorithm to evolve different diagonal matrices to precondition the Matrix A at each iteration step. The evolutionary algorithm proceeds by applying computational crossover and mutation operators to generate a small population of matrices. The diagonal matrix resulting in the lowest relative residual in the population (higher fitness) is selected to pre-condition the Matrix A for the next iteration. Subsequently, a new generation of diagonal matrices will compete to become the preconditioner for the following iteration. This process continues for the number of iteration steps defined by the PCG Method. Results from conventional diagonal scaled PCG method will be compared with the evolutionary algorithm based diagonal scaled PCG method.


identifier: Penney, Stephen Bruce <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Penney=3AStephen_Bruce=3A=3A.html>   (1990) The effect of a unit of study on the political socialization of a selected sample of grade five school children in western Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a Unit of Study, The Green Slime Affair, taken from Politics and You, by Botting et al. (1985), on Grade Five school children in Western Newfoundland, using as criteria various indices of political socialization and taking into consideration selected mediating factors. The specific indices of political socialization that this study investigated were as follows: political efficacy, general attitude toward politicians, political cynicism, view of citizenship, political participation, and political conflict. The mediating factors used were sex of the student and intelligence quotient levels. -- The study involved four Grade Five classes within the Bay of Islands-St. George's School Board. All the students were administered an intelligence quotient test; scores were computed and each student for the purpose of statistical analysis was assigned to one of the three I.Q. groupings: below average, average, and above average. -- The two classes which comprised the Experimental Group participated in the Unit of Study, The Green Slime Affair. No specific program of study was administered to the two classes which made up the Control Group. -- The measuring instrument for this study was a questionnaire designed to assess relevant political attitudes. The questionnaire included 46 Liekert Format items with four response choices. A pretest and posttest were administered to both groups. -- Analysis of Variance with a significance level of 0.05 was used to evaluate the data. The results of the study indicate that the Unit of Study had a significant effect on the responses of students on Political Efficacy and Political Participation scales. These effects, however, were all expressed in a negative direction and were significantly greater for males and for the below-average group. With regard to political cynicism, general attitude toward politicians, view of citizenship, and political conflict, no significant effect was noted.


identifier: Percy, J. A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Percy=3AJ=2E_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1971) Thermal acclimatization and acclimation in the echinoid, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776).  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Thermal adaptation in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, is described both in regard to seasonal acclimatization in the natural habitat, and experimental acclimation in the laboratory under summer-like and winter-like thermal regimes. Intact-animal respiration, in vitro tissue respiration, and righting reflex serve as indicators of physiologic performance. -- Three thermal compensation coefficients, useful for comparative purposes, are proposed. These permit quantitative description of both the magnitude and specific pattern of a given adaptation response. Assumptions, limitations, and potential difficulties associated with use of the coefficients are discussed. -- Regression equations of respiration on weight are presented for summer- and winter-acclimatized urchins. Respiration rates, measured at 0°, 5°, and 10°C, are higher in winter than in summer, indicating substantial acclimatization, but at 15°C summer and winter rates are similar. -- Seasonal acclimatization is also detectable in the respiratory metabolism of several excised tissues, suggesting that increased intact-animal respiration in winter is attributable to augmentation of cellular metabolism, rather than to limitations of oxygen transport in the water vascular system in summer, or to increased efficiency of transport in winter. -- An activity coefficient, based on the righting reflex, is defined and shown to maintain a relatively high rate of activity through the winter. Laboratory studies indicate that acclimation of activity requires 4-5 weeks for completion. -- Acclimatization permits gonad development in autumn and winter, in preparation for spawning in early spring. -- Food consumption has two maxima: in spring and again in autumn. A decline in food consumption in winter appears to be at least partially offset by an increase in feeding efficiency. -- S. droebachiensis exhibits seasonal resistance acclimatization; in summer urchins are able to tolerate short-term exposer to temperature extremes several degrees higher than in winter. -- That annual temperature fluctuations are primarily responsible for inducing seasonal acclimatization is indicated by the demonstration of a compensatory adjustment in the respiration of both intact animals and excised tissues of urchins acclimated for 4-6 weeks in the laboratory at summer-like and winter-like temperatures. -- Ability of S. droebachiensis to adapt to low temperatures is inversely proportional to size. This is demonstrated for metabolism both of intact urchins and of excised tissues. The importance of considering animal size in adaptation studies is stressed. -- In general, metabolism of both intact urchins and excised tissues increases with rising temperature in accordance with the Q₁₀ rule. -- It is concluded that S. droebachiensis exhibits partial adaptation, involving primarily a translation of rate-temperature relationships; as such the response corresponds to Prosser’s (1961) pattern IIa. -- The water content of stomach tissue increases, and that of intestine decreases on cold-acclimation. -- The acclimation of metabolism demonstrable in cell-free intestine homogenates is similar in magnitude and pattern to that observed in relatively undamaged tissue slices. -- The hexosemonophosphate shunt enzyme G-6-P dehydrogenase is present in intestine tissue, although the shunt may not be a major metabolic route in this tissue. The activity of G-6-P dehydrogenase increases on cold-acclimation. Cold-acclimation also results in an increase in sensitivity to the glycolysis inhibitor, iodoacetic acid. These results are consistent with the mechanism of adaptation suggested by the adaptation patterns; namely, that the increase in metabolism is primarily brought about by general augmentation of enzyme activity, with little or no change in the relative contributions of alternate metabolic pathways. -- The possible adaptive significance of both capacity and resistance adaptation in the life of S. droebachiensis is discussed. -- It is suggested that thermal adaptation of S. droebachiensis may be explained by the origin and genetic history of the species.


identifier: Perera, T. Dilani P. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Perera=3AT=2E_Dilani_P=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) The speedup of distributed iterative solution of systems of linear equations.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The main objective of this research is to study the performance of distributed solvers for large sparse systems of linear equations. The relationship between the speedup and the number of processors is the main characteristic of distributed computing for this study. -- Systems of linear equations can be solved using either direct or iterative methods. For large and sparse systems of equations, iterative methods are often more attractive than direct methods. In distributed implementations of iterative solvers, the number of operations are equally divided among the available processors with the intention that all the sections are processed concurrently (i.e., by different processors). -- The iterative approach repeats the following sequence of steps until the required convergence condition is satisfied: -- 1. distribute the current approximation to all the processors, -- 2. determine a new approximation to the solution, -- 3. collect parts of the new approximation and check the convergence conditions. -- The implementation is based on the message passing paradigm, which is used widely on certain classes of multiprocessor machines, especially systems with distributed memory. It is expected that this study will determine the optimal number of processors for distributed linear solvers.


identifier: Perkins, Cheryl <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Perkins=3ACheryl=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Identifying and measuring critical thinking in online asynchronous discussions.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Engagement in critical thinking in an online asynchronous discussion (OAD) may be a desired educational outcome. However, tools are needed to determine if such engagement is actually occurring. This study presents such a tool through the development of a model for identifying and measuring critical thinking in an OAD. The model is tested through its application to the content analysis of the OAD transcripts of eight student participants in an online graduate course. The model, which included four critical thinking processes, descriptions, indicators, and examples, proved effective for the identification and measurement of individuals' critical thinking in OADs. Suggestions for further research include additional testing of the model using other raters and other OADs in order to promote reliability and validity.


identifier: Peters, Gordon Ross <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Peters=3AGordon_Ross=3A=3A.html>   (1968) The problem of the north-west frontier of India: 1800-1880.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Early in the nineteenth century British India was compelled to give attention to her North-West Frontier. Fear of invasion, prompted first by Napoleon, forced the British to search for a defensible frontier in advance of the existing position. -- At first the defensive policy was to establish the neighbouring states, particularly Persia and Afghanistan, as buffers. But by the late 1830's, Russian intrigue in these countries convinced the British that actual control of Afghanistan was vital to Indian security. Thus the First Afghan War ensued. -- Following the war, Sind and the Punjab were annexed as partial realization of the desire for a defensible frontier, bringing the British into contact with the mountains of the North-West and the mountain tribes. The reaction to the war, combined with the administrative problems of the new provinces, caused some, particularly John Lawrence, to regard the Indus as the best defensible frontier. Others saw a better defensive line at the foot of the mountains, or beyond, on the Kabul-Kandahar line, with Herat as an advance post. -- With the advance to the mountains, the Pathan and Baluch tribesmen came into the context of Imperial policy, since they had to be pacified to ensure unobstructed British access to the mountain passes. Even if British defense were to rest on the Indus, the tribes had to be brought to friendly terms, in the hope that they would not join an invader. -- With the consolidation of the new provinces, and renewed Russian activity in Central Asia after 1860, the tendence was once again to seek security for India by an advance into Afghanistan. Thus the policy of the 1870's was similar to that of the 1830's; the Second Afghan War was the result of the search for a defensible frontier, as the first had been. -- Thus the theme of the thesis is the search for a defensible frontier for India, 1800-1880.


identifier: Petersson Martin, Kirsten Audrey <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Petersson_Martin=3AKirsten_Audrey=3A=3A.html>   (2012) A pleasurable and painful space: beyond maternity and motherhood.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In order to better understand the complex interrelationship between maternity, society, power, and desire, I propose a new framework for the study of maternity and motherhood: maternal space. "Maternal space" is a trialectical space-based analysis drawn from Soja's Thirdspace. In this thesis it is used in conjunction with a Kristevan understanding of the abject and the Barthesian plaisir/jouissance construct, in order to emphasise the importance of taking pleasure and desire into account. -- Giving the concepts of desire and pleasure  primacy allows the researcher to analyse maternal space without relying on arbitrary designations of who has agency and who does not. This thesis outlines a theoretical framework with the potential to analyse maternal practices and beliefs without claims of empowerment, and uses my own fieldwork as a practical application of this approach.


identifier: Petrie, Lise <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Petrie=3ALise=3A=3A.html>   (2007) The effects of towing on human performance in a life raft.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Introduction: Evacuation from a ship or offshore installation is a hazardous undertaking, even in controlled situational and environmental circumstances. Life rafts are used in abandonment situations and are preferred to individual cold water entry. Life rafts can be self-launching and self-inflating and protect the occupants from extreme heat or cold. In high seas or winds, life raft motion could affect the performance of survival tasks, even while being towed. Despite the regulated and required use of life rafts, there is an absence of quantitative knowledge about life rafts and human performance in motion conditions. -- Methods: Twenty-four healthy male participants (23.8 ± 3.1 yrs, 177.7 ± 6.9 cm, 78.5 ± 11.4 kg) were given two hours of basic training by survival training experts prior to the data collection sessions. Canopy closure, movement within the life raft, sea anchor deployment and retrieval, paddling, and bailing were all demonstrated during the training session. Participants were asked to repeat these tasks during the data collection sessions whilst in a 16-person life raft that was being towed in either calm sea or controlled sea state 2 conditions in a self-contained tow tank facility. -- Results: In movements within the life raft, sea anchor retrieval, paddling, and bailing tasks there was a significant difference between the no wave condition and the wave condition. In canopy closure the quality and speed of completion showed improvement with practice. -- Conclusion: Quantitative data and qualitative observations for five tasks showed that motion, experience with the task, life raft design and equipment can all affect performance. Several recommendations to the current sea survival training standards are presented.


identifier: Pfister, Susan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pfister=3ASusan=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Ice rubble accumulation event analysis: level ice interaction with upward breaking conical structures.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Incidents of ice rubble accumulation are associated with force maxima in field observations and therefore the understanding of ice rubble processes is desirable for the purposes of determining design loads for offshore structures. In 1999, a series of tests to observe level ice interacting with upward breaking conical structures was conducted in C-CORE's geotechnical centrifuge. A complementary test series was conducted at IMD's ice tank in 2000. A field program to obtain ice observations was carried out in the spring of 2001 at the Confederation Bridge. Data from these three sources was examined in the context of friction, fracture mechanics, and dimensional analysis. A minimum energy approach has been found to be most useful in predicting the combination of variables which will result in ice rubble accumulation. The ratio of force to fail an ice floe locally (rubbling) versus the force to fail an ice floe globally (splitting) is investigated as a practical method of comparison of data from different scales.


identifier: Pham, Tram Ngoc Quynh <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pham=3ATram_Ngoc_Quynh=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Protein kinase C-eta (PKC-η) is required for the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS II) in human monocytic cells: a correlation in transcription between PKC-η and NOS II in inflammatory arthritides.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Nitric oxide (NO), produced by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS II), is important in host defence against invading pathogens including bacteria, fungi and certain viruses. Its induction by LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) is well established in murine monocytic cells. However, the same cannot be said for human monocytic cells. This work explored the possibility that the failure of human cells to express NOS II following LPS stimulation might be due to a lack of key signalling molecule(s) essential to the pathway. -- Since studies with PKC inhibitors have implicated protein kinase C (PKC) in NOS II regulation in murine monocytic cells, a complete investigation comparing PKC isotype expression between human and murine monocytic cells was needed to address whether a lack of one of the isotypes may be responsible for the failure of human monocytic cells to express NOS II. We found that human monocytic cells lacked PKC-η (eta), while the murine counterparts lacked PKC-β1 (beta 1 ). Subsequently, it was determined that human monocytic cells transfected with PKC-η could induce NOS II expression and produced NO production following LPS stimulation. This provides direct evidence that PKC-η may be involved in NOS II regulation. We have now established expression correlation between PKC-η and NOS II in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from patients with inflammatory diseases (lA) (rheumatoid arthritis [RA] and spondyloarthropathies [SpA]). Severely- affected lA patients (with > 5 swollen joints) showed highly elevated plasma NO (237.8 ± 34.41 μM, n=10) relative to healthy (131.1 ± 18.9 μM, n=9), osteoarthritis (126.9 ± 40.9 μM, n=13), or mildly affected lA individuals (with< 5 swollen joints) (131.1 ± 18.9 μM, n=10). Analysis of transcriptional expression of NOS II revealed that only in lA patients with elevated plasma NO was NOS II present in MDM, and that PKC-η was always expressed in the NOS It-reactive cases. MDM in individuals with normal circulating NO were negative for both PKC-η and NOS II. This was true in 15 out of 16 (94%) cases tested implicating for the first time a requirement of PKC-η for the development of a NOS It-positive phenotype in human monocytic cells.  -- In our study, TNF-α did not seem to be involved in NOS II regulation as lA patients n=7), who responded well clinically to infliximab (anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody), showed elevated NO and expressed both NOS II and PKC-η in MDM. In contrast, lA patients responding well to anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist) had normal plasma NO, did not express NOS II but were positive for PKC-η in MDM. We propose that in severely affected lA, there may be three stages in the development of NOS II positive phenotype in monocytes with IL-1 somehow being involved in the regulation of NOS II expression. -- Two synthetic (JPK-101 and JPK-109) and one natural (JPK-113) compounds from Trypterigyum plant, whose extract is used as traditional Chinese medication for the treatment for RA, were investigated for their effects on the induction of NOS II as well as production  of TNF-α, NO, and matrix metalloprotease (MMP). We found that the compounds could inhibit production of NO (via suppression of NOS II) and TNF-α, but not MMP. These findings support their well known, but poorly explained, anti-inflammatory effects.


identifier: Phang, P. T. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Phang=3AP=2E_T=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1984) Pulmonary surfactant inhibition following cardiopulmonary bypass.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients exhibit varying amounts of pulmonary dysfunction. This study examined the possibility that plasma which leaked into the alveoli could cause a reduction in the ability of pulmonary surfactant to reach very low surface tension (surfactant inhibition). The possibility that CPB could cause an increase in any component of plasma which might inhibit surfactant function was also examined. Plasma from adult and child patients was tested. Surfactant was prepared from pig lungs. Surfactant function was measured as ability to lower surface tension on a Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance. Plasma from normals and CPB patients before and after bypass was mixed with pig surfactant and tested on the balance. The surface load of surfactant was constant while the amount of plasma was varied. -- Plasma from normals, adult patients and child patients inhibited the surfactant. Serum, fibrinogen, albumin and globulins also inhibited surfactant in this assay. The amount of inhibition was proportional to the amount of protein added. No increased inhibition was seen in post-bypass vs. pre-bypass samples in adults or children. Inhibitor(s) are present in normal plasma and do not appear to be increased by the bypass procedure. It is possible that plasma components entering airspaces through leaking lung membranes may inhibit surfactant from proper function, and may contribute to lung collapse and edema seen in the ARDS of any etiology. -- The nature of the inhibition was examined by characterization of the inhibitor and by studying models of protein-surfactant interaction on the surface balance.


identifier: Piercey, Gerald <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Piercey=3AGerald=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Scaling of buried pipe response in sand to surface loads.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The extent to which pipelines are stressed or damaged when heavy equipment such as bulldozers, excavators, or backhoes traverse or run parallel to the backfilled ditch of the pipeline right of way is not well known. Full-scale studies of buried pipes are expensive and time consuming. Finite element analysis, numerical and analytical studies have uncertainties due to generalized assumptions. Three test programs were carried out at the C-CORE Geotechnical Centrifuge Center in an attempt to validate the centrifuge as an effective tool to model the mechanical response of buried pipes to surface loads. In the first program, twenty four surface loading tests were carried out on an aluminum model pipe in the centrifuge. The second program included three tests at full-scale, varying the soil cover on a steel pipe. For direct comparison to the full-scale tests, a third program consisted of applying surface loads to six model steel pipes in the centrifuge. In a test bed of silica sand, cover depths, internal pressures, soil density and loading position were among the parameters varied. The model and full-scale pipes were instrumented with strain gages and ovalization transducers. Comparisons of the test data from each program validate the centrifuge as an effective and accurate tool to study the response of a buried pipe to surface loading. The test program also highlighted several common characteristics of the pipe response. The main modes of pipe deformation identified  under surface loading were ovalization of the pipe cross-section and bending in the long section. The ovalization mode was not associated with the traditional elliptical pipe shape, but was characterized by the pipe crown deflecting significantly with smaller deformations of the pipe haunch. The second mode demonstrated the axial strain response was dominated by longitudinal deformation at the pipeline crown (local bending) with a limited axial strain response to load at the pipeline invert (limited global bending).


identifier: Piercey, Susan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Piercey=3ASusan=3A=3A.html>   (2011) The victims of substantive representation: how women's interests influence the career paths of MPs in Canada (1997-2011).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Since 1997, Canada has entered into an interesting new phase of gender equality in Parliament. The prominence of this issue has now come and gone on the political agenda, regardless of the fact that women still only account for about a quarter of the seats within Parliament. Furthermore, when we look more closely at the careers of MPs, it becomes clear that as the prominence of the position in the House of commons increases (with more power, more prestige), we find fewer women, indicating that women are facing a post-election barrier that makes it more difficult for them to enter the highest ranks of power and prestige. -- This study builds on previous research on women in legislatures and analyzes the impact of committee membership on the opportunities offered to male and female Members of Parliament. It asks whether women who substantively represent women are less likely to receive positions of high status. It finds that in the period of 1997-2011, only one woman received one of the “pipeline” - or highest ranking - cabinet posts. Additionally, women who were prominent within their parties, and those that ran for the leadership, were less likely than the average female Member to be involved in “women’s interests” or the committee work related to the Status of Women. Substantively representing women, therefore, does seem to have an impact on the eventual success of these politicians and may help to explain why women are still not frequently found in high status cabinet positions - positions that almost entirely exclusive to males.


identifier: Pigott, Paul Ernest <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pigott=3APaul_Ernest=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Degemination and prosody in Labrador Inuttut: an acoustic study.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis, I investigate the acoustic expression of Schneider's Law (SL), a consonant degemination rule observed in three dialects of Inuktitut (Labrador Inuttut, Quebec Inuttitut, and Northwest Territories Siglitun), the characterization of which has so far been based largely on aural-impressionistic data transcriptions. Given the expression of this rule, which conditions alternations between syllables that end with consonants versus vowels, thereby affecting rhythmic qualities of the language, I set out to perform instrumental measurements of spontaneous and elicited speech recorded in Labrador, Canada. My observations of SL from various acoustic viewpoints confirm its characterization in the scientific literature as a virtually exceptionless rule, and one that is consistent with dissimilation processes found in other languages - in particular, length contrasts attested in Latin, Japanese and Finnish. SL is further shown to operate independently from any system of recurring metrical stress. Labrador Inuttut itself seems to be devoid of any type of metrical conditioning in any of the standardly-assumed phonetic correlates of stress (intensity, duration or pitch). The acoustic results do, however, show a systematic pattern of phrase-final syllable lengthening, optionally covarying with FO boundary tones. The observed phenomena are consistent with descriptions of related dialects, except that the rule in Labrador Inuttut is shown to also include aspiration of phrase-final stop consonants, something not mentioned in the Eskimo-Aleut literature, but described in other languages (e.g., right-edge fortition in Blackfoot).


identifier: Pike, Andrea E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pike=3AAndrea_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Spatial reorientation in young children: an examination of the use of geometric and featural cues.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In past experiments examining reorientation, young children may not have been given sufficient time to reorient and take all information in their environments into account in order to search accurately. In past studies, participants have begun searching for hidden objects immediately following the disorientation procedure. It was predicted that imposing a delay of 10 s between the time when participants stopped turning and began searching would increase search accuracy. Thirty children, aged 36- 56 months, participated in the current study. Results suggest that allowing extra time between disorientation and searching leads to increased search accuracy. It is proposed that providing children with a small amount of extra time allows them to fully regain their sense of heading and direction. In turn, they are better able to make use of all the information in their environments to reorient and locate a hidden target.


identifier: Pilgrim, Brooks B. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pilgrim=3ABrooks_B=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) A review of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans and Parks Canada's marine protected areas program and their role in Canadian fisheries management.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The term "Marine Protected Areas" (MPAs) is a generic phrase which has been used worldwide for over two decades to describe marine reserves, marine parks, marine sanctuaries and marine areas with special protection, although the concept of MPAs has been around for nearly a century. MPAs serve many different purposes and are established for a variety of reasons. Essentially, they are regions that have been reserved by law to protect all, or parts, of a designated marine environment. -- MPA programs throughout the world have been well  received by a growing number of countries and have been actively promoted by a variety of organizations such as the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Currently, there are approximately 1300 MPAs worldwide. -- The approaches used for planning and managing MPAs have evolved considerably over time and have provided an additional management tool to protect, maintain, or restore natural and cultural resources in coastal and marine waters. The phrase MPA, when used in its generic sense, can hold many different meanings based primarily on the level of protection provided. These levels of protection can range from areas closed to public access, to sites that permit access but do not allow consumptive uses. They have been used effectively both nationally and internationally to conserve biodiversity, manage natural resources, protect endangered species, reduce user conflicts, provide educational and research opportunities, and enhance commercial and recreational activities. -- Canada has adopted its own MPA program that is administered through the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) under the authority of the Oceans Act, with a mandated responsibility to establish and create protected areas. The DFO acts as the lead federal authority for Canada and has adopted the traditional generic term "Marine Protected Areas" as the title for their own departmental program. Other federal departments are also involved in MPA programs in Canada, but under different names, and are designed with long-term goals similar to those of the DFO. -- This paper will review the  development of MPAs from an international perspective, and will also review the role of two federal protected area programs in Canada, Parks Canada's National Marine Conservation Areas program (NMCA) and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Marine Protected Areas program, in advancing marine conservation in an efficient and effective manner. In this paper the DFOs MPA and Parks Canada's NMCA programs will be integrated and referred to by the generic term MPAs.


identifier: Pineau, Pauline Mary Janice <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pineau=3APauline_Mary_Janice=3A=3A.html>   (1994) The development of a resource guide supporting the effective integration of microcomputer instruction into the writing process with learning disabled writers.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Microcomputers are an integral part of the instructional tools used in our classroom settings. When used appropriately, microcomputers can be of great value to teachers and students. Moreover, microcomputers can provide instructional material appropriate to students’ individual needs. Currently, a growing body of research reveals that through the use of microcomputers, learning-disabled students with writing problems can receive effective instruction in the classroom setting. – Now that microcomputers are becoming widely used in Canadian schools, educators will be expected to develop the competence required to utilize the technology for classroom instruction. Furthermore, the current prevailing ideology of educational integration will require teachers to adapt instruction and curriculum to match individual learner needs. It is the author’s belief that using microtechnology effectively will help facilitate the match between the curriculum demands in the classroom and the individual needs of learning-disabled students experiencing writing difficulties. – The author conducted a review of the educational literature on the promised benefits of microcomputer instruction in the teaching students with learning disabilities in writing, and incorporated relevant theory and research into the design of a resource guide, appropriate for teachers at the elementary school level. The author consulted with the thesis supervisor who provided feedback during the development process. Consultation led to adaptations and modifications so that the resource guide would better meet the specified objectives. A summative evaluation tool was distributed to educational specialists to evaluate how well the resource guide met the objectives set out by the author. Analysis of the evaluation data collected by the author indicated that the participants felt the objectives stated for the resource guide were achieved. – Enriching the Learner: A Resource Guide on Effective Microcomputer Instruction with Learning-disabled Writers, was prepared as a guide to assist educators with effective integration of microcomputer instruction into the writing process, specific to children with learning disabilities in writing. It is a practical tool designed to support the classroom use of microcomputers among learning-disabled writers. A significant component of the resource guide is a theoretical overview of the myriad of writing problems experienced by many learning-disabled children. The resource guide is unique in its attempt to present a link between effective instructional principles in education and the integration of microcomputers into writing instruction. The resource guide is an outgrowth of the author’s extensive research and clinical experience in the field of special education. The resource guide can be located in Appendix C of the thesis.


identifier: Pitcher, Eldon Roy <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pitcher=3AEldon_Roy=3A=3A.html>   (1975) Transformations in high school geometry, an experimental study.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of introducing a unit on transformations to the tenth-grade geometry program. To do this the experimenter considered five questions. -- 1. Can students attain competence with the mathematical concepts unique to the transformation approach? -- 2. How does student achievement on the transformation unit compare with student achievement on topics in the current geometry program? -- 3. What is the effect of the unit on student attitudes towards mathematics? -- 4. What are the attitudes of teachers towards the experimental materials? -- 5. Can the united be taught effectively without special teacher training? -- The study is essentially a non-comparative study in that no control group was used. The study consisted of presenting a fourteen lesson unit on transformations to 208 grade ten geometry students in six classes at Beaconsfield High School. The materials for the unit were taken from chapters four and five of a text by Coxford and Usiskin, Geometry: a Transformation Approach. -- To determine the students’ achievement on the unit, two tests were administered. The first was given at the end of the eighth lesson and the other was gtiven at the end of the fourteenth lesson. Both of these tests were constructed by the experimenter and was designed to test whether the behavioral objectives for the unit had been achieved. The Connelly Taxonomized Attitude Questionnaire was given as a pre-test, post-test to determine the effect of the experimental unit on student attitudes towards mathematics. To determine how the teachers felt towards the materials an experimenter-made questionnaire was given to each of the five teachers who taught the experimental materials. -- A dependent t-test for means was performed on the average score for the experimental unit and the average score computed to represent the students’ achievement on topics in the regular program of studies. A t-value of 10.717 indicated that there was a significant difference between the two sets of scores at the .05 level of significance. Since the mean for the experimental unit was higher than the mean for the regular topics it seemed reasonable to assume that students achieved considerably higher on the experimental unit. -- A dependent t-test for means was also performed on the pre-test, post-test attitude scores. A t-value of .772 indicated that there was no significant change in the attitudes of students towards mathematics at the .10 level of significance during the teaching of the experimental materials. -- The responses to the teacher questionnaire were analyzed and the results showed that teachers had favorable attitudes towards the materials. They recommended them highly to other teachers and they indicated that the materials were easy to read and most appropriate for the average student. They also indicated that the unit had value for both the terminating and continuing students in mathematics.


identifier: Pitcher, Mark J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pitcher=3AMark_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Evaluation of strength and fatigue in subjects with and without lower back pain using Sørensen prone isometric back extension.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Sørensen test of low back endurance is reported to be useful in evaluating potential for developing low back pain (LBP). Sørensen test postures are also used in eliciting maximal voluntary isometric activations (MVIA), which are used as normalization values. The purpose of this study was to investigate spinal musculature fatigue during a Sørensen test and to assess reliability of force and electromyography (EMG) during maximal and sub-maximal conditions in subjects with and without LBP. Repeated measures were taken on twenty male volunteers divided into LBP and control groups. EMG activity was recorded bilaterally from lower abdominal stabilizers (LAS), upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES), lower lumbar erector spinae (LLES), and biceps femoris (BF). Force and EMG during maximal and submaximal (100-170% of head, arms and trunk mass {HAT}) efforts were collected. Spectral contents were calculated from EMG and time to failure was recorded, testing fatigue. MVIA forces were lower (p≤0.05) in LBP vs. controls. Intraclass correlation coefficients for MVIA force, ULES and LLES EMG were excellent in controls (R>0.90), but significantly less in LBP (R=0.36-0.80). BF EMG demonstrated excellent reliability for both groups (R>0.90). Control group EMG was more reliable with maximal efforts, whereas LBP EMG was more reliable with submaximal exertions. Endurance times were not significantly different at any level of HAT. Significant differences in EMG median frequency between groups primarily occurred in the BF. The data indicates that BF contributes to extension, but does not contribute to group differences. Whereas MVIA during a modified Sørensen test is reliable in healthy populations, submaximal efforts using %HAT may be more reliable for clinical populations; further, the modified Sørensen test did not demonstrate significant differences between groups.


identifier: Pitre, Mindy Christina <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pitre=3AMindy_Christina=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Developmental anomalies of the vertebral column, ribs, and exoccipitals in the human skeletal remains from two cemeteries in England: St. Augustine the Less, Bristol and the Quaker Burial Ground, Kingston-upon Thames.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The examination of skeletal material allows for a greater understanding of the conditions to which historic and prehistoric populations were exposed. Even more specifically, the analysis of defects occurring during the process of human skeletal development may be used to reveal aspects of human biology, culture, and environment. -- Eighty-one skeletons from the St Augustine the Less church, Bristol England (1240-1956 A.D.) and the Quaker burial ground, Kingston-upon Thames, England (1663-1814 A.D.) were thoroughly examined for the presence of developmental defects of the vertebral columns, ribs, and exoccipitals. The skeletal remains from the Quaker and St Augustine samples offered a potential opportunity to study defect frequencies respectively in an isolated and assorted gene pool. This research documents the presence, location, and frequency of developmental defects, which provides a mechanism for understanding the conditions to which these populations were exposed. -- Little variation was found in the incidence of defects between both collections. This evidence was used to suggest that both groups originated from a similar gene pool where differences in defect patterns may be attributed to genetic distance. Because of a general absence of nutritionally-derived traits, it was suggested that individuals from both archaeological samples probably led reasonably healthy lives. Furthermore, differences in social and marriage patterns between both groups did not seem to have an effect on overall defect frequencies.


identifier: Pittman, Carla <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pittman=3ACarla=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Caudad to cranial versus cranial to caudad CT scanning of the thorax: a comparison of two protocols.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Purpose: The current study compares artifact (motion at the lung bases and beam hardening from the superior vena cava and subclavian vein), clarity of vessels (hilar vessels, great vessels and aorta) and clarity of the nodal systems (stations 2R,2L,4R,5,6 and hilar) in the caudad to cranial and cranial to caudad direction when CT scanning the thorax. The purpose was to determine if one direction was associated with less artifact. -- Methods: 100 consecutive consenting patients were randomized into either cranial to caudad or caudad to cranial CT scanning of the thorax using block randomization. The images were interpreted independently by two radiologists who were blind to the direction for the scan. Images were analyzed using a 5 point Likert scale for artifact (motion, superior vena cava, subclavian vein), clarity of the vasculature structures (hilar vessels, great vessels, aorta), clarity of the nodal stations (2R, 2L, 4R, 5,6,hilar) and overall impression. Each scan was assessed on two separate occasions by the radiologists. Inter and intra observer correlations were measured with the Spearman Rank Coefficient. The Wilcoxin Rank Sum test was used to compare the direction of scanning. -- Results: Intra-observer correlations were strong ranging form 0.616-0.902 for Radiologist 1 and 0.537-0.902 for Radiologist 2. The inter-observer correlations were also good with Spearman Rank Coefficients values ranging from 0.102-0.793. The caudad to cranial direction of CT scanning was significantly better than cranial to caudad direction with respect to total artifact (motion+ superior vena cava+ subclavian vein), however, there was no statistically detectable difference in motion artifact. Clarity of the vasculature was deemed better by one radiologist in the caudad to cranial direction but not the other. Lymph node clarity in the upper thorax was felt to be better visualized with caudad to cranial scans versus cranial to caudad imaging, however, hilar lymph nodes and lymph nodes in the lower mediastinum showed not statistical difference. The quality of the overall images was significantly better. -- Conclusion: The caudad to cranial direction of CT scanning is significantly better with less beam hardening artifact and improved image quality, allowing better assessment of the great vessels and select nodal stations.


identifier: Pittman, Donald Paul <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pittman=3ADonald_Paul=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Analysis of coastal geomorphological processes on a boreal coarse clastic barrier: Long Pond Barachois, Conception Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Long Pond Barachois is a single-ridged open-work gravel-dominated baymouth barrier adjacent to an asymmetric double-basined lagoon. Sea level rise, climate, and inherited geology have controlled long term barrier evolution but human activities have modified littoral processes and barrier morphology. Updrift shoreline armouring induced barrier stretching and breaching, generating a curved planform and a permanent tidal inlet. Tidal exchange generated strong currents in the channel, scouring the backbarrier. This induced in-place narrowing, which was exacerbated when shore-normal breakwater construction in 1973 formed a sediment sink, allowing the inlet-adjacent beach segment to prograde. The narrowed barrier segment breached during a 1976 storm which also induced sluicing overwash north of Burnt Island and cusp-related overwash between the island and the channel. The breach was repaired with silt-rich dredge spoil, placing the barrier in a state of arrested breakdown. The breach repair site has proven very erosion-prone. The barrier breached at the same site in 1992, without overwashing elsewhere on the barrier. The breach was again repaired with silt-rich dredge spoil. Erosion problems have persisted and the barrier is probably not sustainable in its current form in the long term. -- Sluicing overwash occurred due to cyclic barrier narrowing and barrier overstepping onto an impermeable substrate. The crest was low and the barrier has narrowed since 1976. Access road construction has placed a flat impermeable surface on the northern backbarrier and narrowed the berm. Two residences have been constructed in hazard zones. These activities have limited potential management options.


identifier: Pittman, Echo <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pittman=3AEcho=3A=3A.html>   (2013) ESL students' experiences and challenges with process writing pedagogy.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into English as a second language (ESL) writers' learning experiences from their frame of reference in order to seek pedagogical inspiration and personal growth as a per-course instructor. Specifically, the study investigated their views toward process writing pedagogy, and the challenges they have encountered with revision and with teacher commentary. The study also investigated ESL writers' perceptions of their first-year composition courses and their writing needs in the post-secondary education context. It uncovered five potential constraints that may have a negative impact on teaching and learning. -- A qualitative case study approach was employed. Major data sources were 103 survey questionnaires, 56 student interview transcripts, two teacher interview transcripts as well as a range of writing samples and written documents. The incorporation of the survey technique was an attempt to capture diverse voices on the investigated topic and to triangulate the data so that the validity of the findings could be strengthened. Most participants involved appeared to hold a favorable attitude toward process writing pedagogy as well as their writing courses. However, a number of negative views toward this writing instruction were identified. Six main challenges that the participants reported to have encountered or had actually encountered were also identified when they responded to their teacher commentary. The study found that students were unresponsive to teacher commentary in their subsequent revisions not because they disregarded teacher feedback or they disliked revision. Instead, their decisions for not to revise were due to various reasons; some are context-bound and some are individual variables. The results of the study support Conrad and Goldstein's (2004) claim that contextual factors and personal factors are important to consider when one attempts to develop a better understanding of teacher feedback and student response. -- With regard to students' perceptions of their first-year writing courses, more than 80% of the student participants felt that their composition courses were useful and beneficial to help them prepare and handle university writing in a general way. Some students believed that these courses had helped strengthen their English ability and assisted them in producing well-written papers in other courses. The study further identified five potential constraints which are believed to have some negative impacts on these students' learning. It is believed that no single study can possibly capture and truly represent the learning experiences of all ESL students because it is a large, diverse student body. However, accumulated studies, including mine, conducted in this particular area can facilitate building a holistic picture of the challenges and complexities of second language (L2) writing. The findings can also help expand the knowledge base for understanding ESL students' experiences with process writing pedagogy.


identifier: Pittman, James Carl <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pittman=3AJames_Carl=3A=3A.html>   (1980) A study of the task areas of selected Newfoundland regional high school principals.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to observe, identify, and describe, in a systematic fashion, the pattern of activities which comprise the daily work of selected regional high school principals in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Four principals were observed for a total period of 16 days. The primary method used to collect data was direct, non-participant observation. A pilot study provided an opportunity to use the observational and recording techniques, and to make adjustments where necessary. – Data were collected on the ongoing sequence of activities for each principal. Composite scores were developed to show the proportion of total working time devoted to each category of in-school activity. Descriptive and analytical information concerning each category of activity, medium used, initiator, and location are also included. – The findings from the study indicated that the principal deals with a large number and variety of issues and problems each day, each of short duration. His administrative behavior is not always planned and organized; rather, it is frequently interrupted, and as a result, his work tends to be characterized by abruptness and discontinuity. The multiplicity of demands on the principal’s time by teachers, students, parents, and other formal/informal interest groups are generally concerns requiring his immediate attention. The principal, therefore, has little time during the school day for long-term planning and contemplating decisions. – One of the main pressures of the principal’s job is that of planning and organizing his time. It is through the organization of his lower-level management and maintenance functions, efficiently handle the critical functions, and thus, have more time available for professionally-oriented functions. – Findings of this study have implications for pre-service and in-service programs offered by educational institutions and teaching groups for educational administrators. Implications also exist for replication of this study at other levels of educational administration.


identifier: Pittman, Justin C. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pittman=3AJustin_C=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2012) Near-well streamline simulation utilizing a co-axial cylindrical grid structure.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Accurate reservoir simulation is key in attaining an effective and efficient reservoir completion. Typical reservoir simulators employ grid sizes that are several orders of magnitude larger than the wellbore diameter and therefore, can not capture the near-well flow attributes. To improve the depiction of near-well flow phenomenon, a cylindrical grid system with a logarithmic radial-spacing is utilized; oriented such that small radial steps are taken in nearer regions allowing us to portray a more accurate flow description nearer to the wellbore. Streamline simulation techniques are the primary focus for this work as they promise computational efficiency and enhance flow visualization. -- Herein, a robust streamline-based, cylindrical flow simulation method for the near-well region is presented. This will allow for a more accurate visualization of the near-well flow characteristics and improve overall reservoir flow simulation. -- In this work, the streamline model is an adaptation of the semi-analytical method of [Pollock, 1988]; derived for a two-dimensional, cylindrical, single-phase, incompressible, homogeneous medium, for both isotropic and anisotropic permeability fields. A discretization scheme is also presented utilizing a novel logarithmically spaced grid for the numerical model, and tested for an isotropic and anisotropic case for illustration. The results show that this methodology has potential to be useful in determining the flow characteristics in the near-well region and provide stable results.


identifier: Pittman, Natalia <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pittman=3ANatalia=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Changes in referral patterns for coronary revascularization: the impact on coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Background: -- Across Canada, waiting times for cardiac procedures, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABO), are higher than the ideal waiting time. From 1994 to 2002, there was a rapid increase in the number of patients receiving cardiac catheterizations and CABOs across Canada. The rates in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) were higher than the Canadian average. This resulted in an extremely long waitlist with patients waiting longer than the acceptable benchmark time to have their surgery. In 2004, the number of people in Canada on cardiac surgery waitlists decreased significantly more than would be expected from simple waitlist management. The main reason is that the number of referral rates for CABO dropped dramatically. One major reason for this drop in referral rates may have been due to the introduction of drug-eluting stents in Canada in 2003. -- Objectives: -- The objective of this study is to identify changes in referral patterns for coronary revascularization and assess the impact on CABO waiting times in NL. This retrospective study will identify the changes that occurred during this time period and determine the reason(s) for these changes. -- Method: -- All 1341 patients who underwent a diagnostic cardiac catheterization in NL from ApriI 1, 2005 to September 30, 2005 were included in this study. Records from the Cardiac Program of Eastern Health were reviewed to determine referral rates, utilization rates, and wait times for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and CABO procedures from 1998/1999 to 2007. The data obtained was compared to data from 1998/1999. -- Results: -- From 1998/1999 to 2005/2006 the number of coronary catheterizations increased by 21.6%. This was attributable to increased numbers of patients with stable angina, myocardial infarction or chest pain of uncertain etiology, treated not by revascularization procedures but by medical management. The proportion of patients diagnosed with critical coronary artery disease (CAD) decreased by 5%. Patients with critical CAD were referred for medical management, PCI, CABO or other. Referral rates increased 8.3% for medical management, decreased 4.8% for PCI, decreased 5.1 % for CABO and increased 1.6% for other. -- Between 2003 and 2007 the number of CABOs decreased by 12.7% and angioplasty increased by 8%. In 2002, the year prior to introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES), 50% of those referred for revascularization were treated with PCI compared to 59% in 2007. Within one year of the introduction half of all stents comprised DES. Total stent use has increased with an increase in DES and a decrease in bare metal stents (BMS). In 2005, 63% of stent cases received DES compared to 13.3% in 2003. Increased use of PCI for unstable angina was observed in 2005 compared to 1998/1999 (73% v 61 %), but its use in those with multi-vessel disease was similar in both years. -- From 2002 to 2007, the number of CABGs performed had an overall decrease from 568 to 492, and the waiting list went from 222 to 78. The recommended maximum waiting time (RMWT) for CABGs are being reached for most patients in the semi-urgent <2 weeks), short wait <6 weeks), delayed wait <6 weeks) and marked delay <6 months) priority groups. More than 80% of the patients in these groups are getting CABGs on time. For very urgent <24 hours) and urgent <72 hours) patients, the percent reaching
the target for the RMWT is less than 50% but has increased since 1998/1999. -- Conclusion: -- The number of coronary catheterizations performed each year continues to grow, however, the proportion diagnosed with critical CAD (69%) has decreased. CABG numbers decreased at the time when DES utilization increased. Management of CAD in the twenty-first century has changed rapidly. The rapid incorporation of DES in practice has helped alleviate the problem of large CABG waitlists.


identifier: Pittman, Margaret <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pittman=3AMargaret=3A=3A.html>   (1969) A study of the relationship between age at entrance to Grade I and later reading achievement.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between age at time of entrance to Grade I and later reading achievement. In most schools of the Province of Newfoundland, children who are six years old by December 31 of the school year are eligible for admission to Grade I. The early entrants, ranging in age from five years eight months to five years eleven months, are expected to participate with the late entrants, ranging in age from six years to six years eight months. Some educators are of the opinion that the lack of maturity of many early entrants is a major cause of the failure of many of these children to make satisfactory progress during the elementary school period. -- Since other variables, if not controlled, might influence the findings, the extent to which such factors as kindergarten experience, sex, and the socio-economic status of the family influence reading achievement was also investigated. -- Data for the study were gathered from selected elementary schools in the city of St. John’s. The subjects were 320 eight-year-olds who had entered school in 1965, and who were at time of testing in Grade III, and 273 eleven-year-olds who had entered school in 1962, and who were at time of testing in Grade VI. Both age groups included a number of children who had begun school at the same time as their respective groups, but who had repeated a grade. -- Children who were six years old during the period September to December following entrance to Grade I were classified as early entrants. Children who were six years old during the period January to April preceding entrance to Grade I were classified as late entrants. Each group was further divided according to sex, kindergarten experience, and socio-economic status. The Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test and the Revised Nelson Reading Test were administered to all the children in the sample. -- Although data are given for the sample as a whole, statistical analysis was performed on a random sample of 160. -- The research hypotheses were tested by analysis of covariance. None of the interactions between the various factors - age, sex, kindergarten experience, and socio-economic status - were found to be significant. Significant differences were found between the reading achievement of early and late entrants, favouring the late entrants. Significant differences were also found between the reading achievement of children in the high and low socio-economic brackets, favouring those from high socio-economic backgrounds. Differences in reading achievement due to kindergarten experience and to sex were not significant.


identifier: Pollard, Deidre <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pollard=3ADeidre=3A=3A.html>   (2006) The political rhetoric of social problems: gasoline sniffing among the Innu of Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In 1993, six Innu youth from Davis Inlet were the focus of a home video that showed them high on gasoline fumes and shouting suicidal threats. The release of this video to media was undertaken by Innu representatives who claimed that they could not help their children and requested that the governments offer aid to treat these children and numerous others in the community. This 'crisis' changed the way in which negotiations took place between Innu and governments, as the gasoline sniffing home video was part of a political agenda of Innu leaders to embarrass the governments into taking action. Undertaking a social constructionist perspective and Critcher's natural history model, the gasoline sniffing crises of Labrador Innu communities of Davis Inlet and Sheshatshiu are examined to determine who was involved in bringing attention to this 'problem', what the political stakes were in their involvement as well as some of the intended and unintended consequences of this media spectacle.


identifier: Pollard, Hector Augustus <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pollard=3AHector_Augustus=3A=3A.html>   (1970) Socioeconomic versus educational inputs as related to grade six reading achievement in rural Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether reading achievement in rural Newfoundland was related more to socioeconomic than to educational input variables. -- The study was carried out among the Grade Six pupils in Trinity Bay. Information was collected on pupils, parents and teachers by means of questionnaires. Intelligence quotients were determined for all pupils by means of a standardized intelligence test while a standardized reading test was administered to gather information on the dependent variables used in the study -- vocabulary and paragraph comprehension. -- Intelligence was found to be the independent variable most closely related to reading achievement. Also, reading achievement was found to be much more related to home, than to school environment. -- The testing of the major hypotheses showed very clearly that the socioeconomic variables of mother's education, father's occupation, size of family and days absent, were more closely related to reading achievement than were the educational input variables of teacher's qualifications, size of school and age of school. -- The implication here is perhaps not that teachers should not be better qualified, or that newer and larger schools should not be constructed, but that the greater importance of the home to reading achievement must be fully recognized and utilized. In the long run, programs of economic and social development together with aggressive programs of adult and early childhood education may have a greater impact on reading achievement than policies geared solely to improving the supply of qualified teachers and new buildings.


identifier: Pollett, Karen Gladys <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pollett=3AKaren_Gladys=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Social work knowledge, values, and skills: improving services to parental caregivers of persons with developmental disabilities.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Social workers can play an important role in the lives of parental caregivers and their children who have developmental disabilities. However, these individuals often do not experience meaningful social work services. This qualitative study focused on meaningful social work services that can assist in the provision of parental care and caregiving to persons with developmental disabilities. The question under review was: "From the perspective of caregivers, what knowledge, values, and skills are necessary for social workers to provide meaningful services to them in caring for their daughters and sons who have developmental disabilities?" A fundamental assumption of the study was the recognition of caregivers as the experts with respect to their needs. A purposive, convenience sample of 15 caregivers was developed in St. John's, NL., where they each participated in nonscheduled, standardized interviews. Interviews involved an open-ended interviewing technique that emphasized personal experiences and participants' viewpoints using probes to ensure in-depth coverage of broad topic areas. The study's findings were obtained through a synthesis of the audio tape-recorded interviews, documented through written summaries, and approved by the respective study participants. A feminist theoretical lens was used to interpret the findings and enhance the discussion. The findings lent support to a number of significant contentions. First, parental caregiving of persons with developmental disabilities is a women's issue. Second, this caregiving often results in oppressive life circumstances for caregivers. Third, caregiving, while typically viewed as a private issue, is intricately linked to public structural issues and social policy. Fourth, social workers who use a feminist practice lens have an ability to provide life enhancing service to caregivers. Fifth, caregivers are the experts in their lives. They provided valuable information pertaining to the appropriate combination of knowledge, values, and skills that social workers need to best serve them. The study's results are discussed in consideration of social work practice, social work education, and social service agency opportunities to make a positive difference in eradicating oppression for caregivers by addressing their needs as defined by them.


identifier: Polomska, Anna Maria <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Polomska=3AAnna_Maria=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Brillouin light scattering from carbon nanotube arrays.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy was used to investigate the vibrations in two carbon nanotube arrays (one with 200 nm - 300 nm of the nanotubes protruding above the alumina substrate surface and one with the top of nanotubes flush with the alumina surface) and two alumina templates with holes (non-annealed and annealed). The carbon nanotube array with nanotubes protruding above the surface was exposed to vacuum and various gases (H ₂ , CH₄, Ar, Kr, CF₄, SF₆, C₂F₆ and air). For this sample at least three Brillouin peaks were observed for free spectral range up to 50 GH z. The Brillouin modes were at the frequency shifts of ~1.3 GHz, ~ 5 GHz and ~ 7 GHz. None of the modes exhibited surface character. One additional peak of Gaussian profile and zero frequency shift, originating from the gas surrounding the sample was also noticed. The line shapes and intensities of the peaks depended on the gaseous environment to which the sample was exposed. The most significant changes in intensity and frequency shifts were observed when H₂ was used as an environment. Brillouin scattering experiments performed on the sample of carbon nanotube array with zero exposed length and on non-annealed and annealed alumina templates that represent  intermediate steps in the fabrication of carbon nanotube arrays aided in the determination of the character and origin of the peaks observed in the carbon nanotube array spectra. The values of phonon velocities were determined using a coarse approximation. It is possible that these peaks originate due to the bulk modes propagating in the array. In this case the phonon velocities were estimated to be a few hundreds meters per second for the peak at ~1.3 GHz and between 1000-2000 m/s for peaks at 5 and 7 GHz, depending on the gas surrounding the sample. It is also conceivable that the peaks are transverse, longitudinal and/or twist (torsional) modes that propagate in individual tubes.


identifier: Pope, Angela Michelle <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pope=3AAngela_Michelle=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Phylogenetic genomics of the founding population of Newfoundland: insights from complete mtDNA sequences.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The importance of the island of Newfoundland as a place to study genetics stems from the history of its early settlement. Beginning in the early part of the 17th century, the island was settled by fewer than 25 000 founders. The genetic structure of the modern-day descendants of these settlers is expected to be influenced both by the initial founder effects and subsequent inbreeding and genetic drift. Therefore, it is of interest to explore the population genetic structure of Newfoundlanders for evidence of these phenomena. -- Complete (16 570 bp) mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained for 27 individual Newfoundlanders by conventional dideoxy sequencing as well as a novel microarray technology (GeneChip: Affymetrix). A total of 220 SNPs were found; every individual had a unique sequence. Two individuals were sequenced by both methods. In both cases, microarray sequencing was shown to be highly efficient and accurate: 99.99% and 99.97% of bases were called by the algorithm, and 100.0% of SNPs were detected, with no false positives. -- In combination with published data from 42 other European, Eurasian, and First Nations individuals, phylogenetic analysis showed that 25 Newfoundland individuals could be associated with one of five major haplogroups (H, J, K, T, and U) previously identified in Europeans from mtDNA Control Region (CR) profiles. Phylogenetic analysis of complete genomes more clearly defines the relationships among these haplogroups than do CR profiles alone, and shows that haplogroups U (with respect to K) and H (with respect to subtypes H3 and H16) are not monophyletic. One individual was assignable to haplogroup A, which has not previously been seen in Europeans but which is common in northeastern First Nations peoples. Another individual had a signature most similar to haplogroup I, a rare Scandinavian type: the phylogenetic relationships of this lineage to H, (U+K), and (J+ T) are unresolved. -- In contrast with expectations from the genetics of small populations and the historical settlement patterns, "genome-type" diversity in the Newfoundland samples is high and closely parallels patterns in western Europeans, with no loss of haplotypes or significant shifts in their relative frequencies.