title: From the Ground Up:  The Alpine and Cross-Country Sportscapes of Gatineau Park, 1910-1967

abstract:
Between 1910 and 1967 the Kingsmere-Camp Fortune area of Gatineau Park evolved from a permeable space of recreational trails and farm roads into two distinct sportscapes produced by the spatial requirements of alpine and cross-country skiing. This thesis examines how people interacted with the recreational landscape through sport, drawing upon Eichberg’s ‘body culture trialectic’ and using the trail network as an experiential archive of sports geography. It describes how the homogeneous ski culture diverged as the meteoric rise in popularity of lift-assisted hill skiing concentrated the
development of alpine ski infrastructure at Camp Fortune, creating a modern ski hill and monocultural sportscape there, while leaving the cross country community to develop a network of trails suited to the discipline’s unique spatial needs. The thesis concludes that the National Capital Commission should recognize the history of the network of ski trails and hills developed by the Ottawa Ski Club.


title: A Methodology for Optimal Design of the Canadian SCWR Reactor Core

abstract:
The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate a capability to do design by analysis for pressure vessels, i.e., design based on a 3D nonlinear coupled holistic macroscopic analyses.
This thesis represents a robust methodology for optimization of the GEN IV reactor core that is time-efficient and reasonably capable to do accurate nonlinear thermal/stress analysis.  The optimized design of Canadian SCWR provided by parametrization of different parts of the plenum are presented.
Also, the optimized profile of temperature and pressure for start up and shut down cycles was investigated with
respect to an objective function to minimize the effective plastic strain. The optimized value of effective plastic strain for the case that pressure is a function of saturated temperature was determined.


title: Back to the Political Future: Coping with Crisis Through Radical Nostalgia for Revolutionary Icons

abstract:
This dissertation examines the presence of revolutionary icons in North American popular culture against the backdrop of the conjunctural event of the 2008–09 financial crisis.  Here I argue that radical nostalgia for revolutionary icons of the past appears in popular culture as a visual aesthetic present in/on a myriad of cultural texts (i.e. from traditional forms of media, such as magazine covers and editorial cartoons, to a range of material objects, such as t-shirts and collectible toys).  I treat the appearance and circulation of radical nostalgia as a response to the broader level of
general anxiety generated by the crisis moment of (economic) uncertainty.
Through the case studies of Marie Antoinette, Rosie the Riveter, and Barack Obama, I argue for the prevalence of revolutionary icons as a popular category of visual imagery in the current historical moment to be read as evidence for the presence of a critical public through which our collective political future is examined and explored.  I argue that the primary site of analysis from which to evaluate the presence and potential effect of radical nostalgia is the image icon: a preferred visual text for representing a
revolutionary icon.  More broadly, as public icons, these revolutionary figures embody cultural anxieties about both the presence and absence of key cultural values connected to progressive viewpoints (i.e. such as too much “excess,” and not enough “equality” and “unity”).  The “political elasticity” of their symbolism is explored in detail through a critical analysis of three different “iconographic happenings” where the favoured meaning of the revolutionary icon is contested through a set of controversial representations of the image icon that feature the visual layering of revolutionary
icons of the past with American political figures of the present.
Through a detailed analysis of the circulation of image icons related to my three case studies, I conclude that the popular political discourse produced by revolutionary public culture is distinct because it acts as a space in which social actors question and test the relationships between themselves, political figures of the present, and the nature of conjunctural moments of cultural crisis.


title: Thermal Environment for Polar Communications and Weather System in the Telesat-Tundra Orbit

abstract:
The proposed Telesat-PCW will use a unique orbit, based on the Tundra orbit to provide continuous meteorological and communications coverage to the Arctic region. The Telesat Tundra Orbit (TTO) was selected as it can meet the mission requirements using systems designed for Geostationary Orbits (GEO), a mature and robust field. However, the unique combination of communications and meteorological payloads, coupled with a previously unused orbit, presents an unexamined thermal design scenario. Using an existing geostationary satellite design for PCW would significantly reduce costs. This thesis
describes the spacecraft thermal environment of the TTO, compares it to the thermal environment of the geostationary orbit, and numerically analyzes the suitability of a typical geostationary satellite thermal design system for PCW by using a Thermal Mathematical Model (TMM). The analysis shows that a thermal control system for a typical GEO communications satellite can sufficiently regulate PCW spacecraft temperatures in the TTO.


title: [Re]Interpreting Iqaluit's Social Housing Archetypes

abstract:
This thesis investigates Iqaluit’s social housing. Overcrowding, disease, and inferior construction are just a few of the problems that have persisted since the beginning of the housing programs in Canada’s Arctic.  “Nuna-Slums” are crippling the socio-economic growth of Nunavut.  Northern challenges require unique solutions.
Architects and other industry professionals need to re-interpret the standard Canadian housing model through a participatory approach to allow for the Inuit lifestyle.  This thesis explores alternative methods to lower housing costs and source new capital.
Social housing in Iqaluit has been sub-par over the years; how can we reinterpret the existing archetypes to better design housing that adapts to Inuit needs and overcome Arctic challenges?  Solutions will focus on adaptation and flexibility while remapping the existing paradigms and instituting new praxis.


title: Numerical Computation of Time Independent and Dependent Dirac Equation Using Atomically Balanced Operator and B-Spline Basis

abstract:
This thesis is devoted to the numerical computation of the time-independent Dirac equation (TIDE) and the time-dependent Dirac equation (TDDE) in the prolate spheroidal coordinates.
Analytical and numerical techniques including Galerkin methods, Min-max principle, and Rayleigh-Ritz methods combined with atomically balanced basis are presented to solve the Dirac equation without spectral pollution.
These numerical methods are used to compute the discrete spectrum of the Dirac operator in two-center Coulomb problems for molecules $\mbox{H}_2^+$ and $\mbox{Th}_2^{179+}$. High order B-spline
basis functions are used to obtain accurate results.
As excepted, the numerical results do not show any spurious state.


title: Software for Combinatorial Power Series

abstract: Generating functions (i.e. power series) have applications throughout enumerative and analytic combinatorics. In this thesis we present Genfunlib, a new Mathematica package containing a selection of implementations of symbolic methods related to generating functions. With Genfunlib one can find the generating functions for regular languages, compute the initial terms of a generating function, convert between generating function equations and recurrences, and find asymptotics. This thesis gives mathematical background, extensive documentation for Genfunlib, and tutorials.


title: Gramsci and the Ghost-Management of Medical Research: Revisiting Medical Journal Conflict of Interest Policies in an Age of Neoliberal Science

abstract:
Medical research, particularly with respect to pharmaceuticals, has become intertwined with marketing techniques (such as ghostwriting and the use of publication planning strategies) that systematically leverage conflicts of interest in an effort to exert greater control over the creation and dissemination of medical knowledge to support the commercial interests of industry. Drawing on a theoretical framework informed by the works of Robert Merton and Antonio Gramsci, this thesis seeks to explore how the current organizational form of medical research reflects a neoliberal conception of
science characterized by its distinct normative structure. Examining these issues in the form of medical journal conflict of interest policies, this thesis seeks to evaluate the impact and efficacy of such policies in addressing the problem posed by a neoliberal conception of science.


title: Ionospheric Gravity Wave Interactions and Their Representation in Terms of Stochastic Partial Differential Equations

abstract:
Phenomena in nature that involve diffusion and convection of matter and propagation
of waves, e.g., the propagation of waves in geophysical flows, can exhibit randomness
properties and thus need to be modeled by stochastic partial differential equations
(SPDEs). For example in the ionosphere, the region in the upper atmosphere where
there are high concentrations of ions and electrons, wave interactions are influenced
by electromagnetic forces that fluctuate randomly in time, and are thus modeled by
SPDEs.
In this thesis we model interactions between atmospheric waves and the
ionosphere induced by upward propagating atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) starting
with the equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and Maxwell's
equations. Two important problems are examined: the problem in which the ionosphere is treated as a deterministic medium and the wave interactions are governed
by nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), and the problem in which the
ionosphere is a random medium and the governing equations are nonlinear stochastic
partial differential equation (SPDEs) driven by the Brownian motion.
In the stochastic case we make
use of numerical methods based on Wiener Chaos
expansions (WCE) which are effective methods for solving SPDEs driven by Brownian
motion. The accuracy of this method is accessed by comparing the results with the
exact analytical or semi-analytical solutions for some problems involving stochastic
evolution equations comprising the stochastic heat and stochastic advection-diffusion
equations, and the stochastic Burgers' equation. In the the deterministic case, we
derive analytical solutions for some special simplified configurations and then carry
out numerical simulations for
time-dependent nonlinear configurations.
The results of the simulations of our analytical and numerical models are compared
with the conclusions from previous studies which are mainly observations. Our results
explain several observed phenomena arising from the interactions of the atmospheric
gravity waves with the ionosphere.


title: Merchant Payment Steering: Evidence From the 2009 Bank of Canada Methods of Payment Survey

abstract:
Many retailers in Canada have noted the increasing burden of transaction costs, in
particular the interchange fees due for every credit card transaction that they process.
After the Competition Tribunal rejected in 2012 an application that might have granted
retailers the right to surcharge credit cards, retailers may look for other solutions to avoid
these fees. Discounting cash or debit card transactions has often been suggested as one
solution since discounts are currently allowed in Canada.
The results suggest that discounts cost more than the retailer saves by
encouraging
consumers to switch to lower-cost payment methods. This finding may explain why discounts
are not frequently observed among Canadian retailers. I discuss non-pecuniary
steering as an alternative to discounts. Non-pecuniary steering could be used by merchants
to exercise third degree discrimination based on payment choice, while discounts
only allow second degree discrimination.


title: Agrocropolis:  Vertical Farming in Toronto's Distillery District

abstract:
This thesis proposes a city block farming structure that aims to implement strategies of neighbourhood self-sufficiency within the core of Toronto. It will research the new marketplace demand for local and fresh produce across North America as an alternative to the current globalized food model based on a “just-in-time” delivery system. This investigation is significant because cities such as Toronto are seeking different means to bring local produce and farming into the urban context. This thesis will analyze the past and present status of Toronto’s food and agricultural industry in order
to propose a scheme that will maximize the economic and social benefits for urban neighbourhoods.  The thesis project will suggest a tower design that will service the neighbourhood’s intermediate needs through a podium level food market, create a relationship with its surrounding neighbourhood, as well as improve the quality of the community through integrated urban design strategies.


title: The Politics of the Future for Sustainable Energy: Controversy, Realism, and the International Energy Agency's World Energy Outlook

abstract:
In this thesis I develop a generalized framework for understanding the relationship between politics and the observation of the future for sustainable energy and use it to explore the connections between politics and controversy surrounding a prominent energy future report.  Given that the ‘observation’ of the future is instrumentally oriented towards bringing more information into present processes of decision-making, thereby intending to shape the very thing that they observe, I explore conventional perspectives on the relationship between politics and technology as an analogue for futures.
 Following a review of the underlying concept of the political, I adopt an approach in which politics is conceived of as 'distinction', thus noting that controversy is a reliable indicator of politicization. I then use this framework to explore the connection between politics and controversy surrounding the International Energy Agency's World Energy Outlook.  Tracing the emergence of a controversy surrounding this report, I identify three main political themes or allegations (bias, corruption, and irresponsibility) and explore the conditions of their politicization through a
series of interviews with key stakeholders in the controversy.   I then explore four sites of contention through which these allegations are expressed. I conclude by discussing the findings of the 'internal' perspective with the 'external' framework, reflecting on my two primary research questions.   Based both on the theoretical argument and the findings of the empirical investigation, I will argue that at the root of the politics of the future for sustainable energy is a question of realism: that is, what is or is not realistic to see, hope, or do about the future for
sustainable energy.


title: Supporting the Multiple Sclerosis Healing Journey with Transpersonal Therapy: An Autoethnographic Reflection and Analysis of Ayahuasca's Transpersonal Wisdom and Transformative Healing Abilities.

abstract:
This is an autoethnography that provides a thick description, analysis and reflection of my personal Multiple Sclerosis healing journey, supported by a transpersonal modality based on an ancient shamanic wisdom. This transpersonal therapeutic modality supported my healing  through a facilitated process of individuation by transcending the mind as a means to connect with my spiritual nature, moving closer towards my authentic Self. The transpersonal benefits facilitated by Ayahuasca showed to be a liberating process that allowed me explore the mind-body connection of dis-ease, support my MS
healing journey, and in becoming a more efficient social worker as I experienced an increased awareness of the interconnectedness of the personal healing process and that of humanity and Mother Earth.


title: Older Adults' Perceptions Of Online Risk

abstract:
Older adults are a growing group of Internet users, but they are also among the most vulnerable for attack. We examine how older adults perceive risks involved in email and Facebook and compare their perceptions to those of younger adults. We interviewed sixteen younger adults and fifteen older adults and found that older adults had roughly the same perceptions of email risks, however notably different perceptions of Facebook risks than the younger users. Further, older adults’ understanding of available security and privacy tools in both email and Facebook was more limited than that of
younger adults. We also determined that family and the media are the most prevalent sources of information regarding computer security for participants in both age groups. This study provides recommendations on communication of Internet security and outlines elements of email and Facebook that need further clarification for older users, such as Facebook’s privacy settings.


title: From Acceptance to Assimilation:  The Changing Role of Travellers in the (Re)Creation of Irish National Identity, 1920s-1960s

abstract:
This thesis looks at the place of the formerly nomadic Irish Travellers in the construction of a complex folklore-based Irish national identity in the mid-twentieth century. Using the archives of the Irish Folklore Commission, this thesis argues that as the Irish government constructed Ireland’s new national identity following independence in1922, the Travellers were included in this identity based on their community’s possession of Irish folklore. In the second half of the twentieth century, however, as the importance of folklore in the creation of the national identity diminished in favour
of modernization, the government gradually singled out the Travellers as a problematic minority that needed to be assimilated into the majority population. By challenging the existing historiography, this research highlights the importance of discussing the historical contingency, as opposed to inevitability, of constructions of the Traveller as ‘Other’ to encourage a more comprehensive and therefore less deterministic history.


title: A Study of Young Consumers’ In-Store Food Shopping Behaviour For Developing Smart Mobile Devices

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore in-store food purchasing behaviour of young adults with particular reference to the five-stage consumer purchase decision-making process, and to explore how current mobile technologies can aid consumers’ in-store food shopping experience. The researcher hypothesizes that consumers will have better food shopping experiences through customization and personalization of mobile applications to create personal value during in-store food shopping situations. The study discovered that there are a number of influential factors that contributed to a purchase
decisions that participants assessed simultaneously. Results showed that key design functions for mobile tools and applications using existing technologies such as Mobile Recommendation Agents (MRA’s) can enhance the usefulness of such tools and applications in order to create more personalized food-shopping experiences and to help consumers make the most informed purchase decisions by seeking information at the point-of-purchase, thereby alleviating any post-purchase psychological tension or anxiety.


title: Seismic Retrofit and Strengthening of Deficient Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Using Externally Bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymer Sheets

abstract:
The Seismic response of old deficient shear wall structures built in the 1960’s and 1970’s is investigated. The wall specimens investigated contain poor confinement, insufficient shear reinforcement, and lap splices of the longitudinal reinforcement located at the plastic hinge region. As a result of these deficiencies, the wall specimens have non-ductile response behaviour and require retrofit to enhance their seismic performance. Nine shear wall specimens with aspect ratio ranging from 0.65 to 1.20 subjected to quasi-static reverse cyclic loading are investigated as part of a comprehensive
research program. Analytical simulations utilizing the finite element method are conducted to predict the response of the wall specimens. Analytical results show that the models can accurately predict the elastic and inelastic behaviour and the failure mechanisms of shear walls strengthened and repaired with FRP sheets. The FRP material is effective in eliminating the brittle shear failure mode in walls with insufficient shear reinforcement.


title: The Role of Prior Genre Knowledge in the English for Academic Purposes Classroom: A Study of Students’ Perceptions

abstract:
The study explores English for Academic Purposes (EAP) students’ perceptions of (a) their awareness and knowledge of written academic genres in the first languages (L1s) and in English, which they acquired in previous writing experiences and (b) the relationship between their prior L1, English, and current EAP writing.  The qualitative empirical study uses Rhetorical Genre Studies (RGS) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) approaches to genre as its theoretical framework.  The data collected from eight participants include a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews.  Interview
transcripts were thematically coded using techniques informed by the modified constructivist grounded theory. The data analysis has revealed the student participants' implicit L1 genre knowledge, their perception of limited prior L1/English academic writing experience, and a lack of connection with their EAP writing, which may hinder successful transfer of EAP students' prior genre awareness and knowledge to their EAP practices.  Implications for genre-based EAP pedagogy are discussed.


title: Irreconcilable Differences:  The Corporatization of Canadian Universities

abstract:
To date, there has yet to be a comprehensive national study of university corporatization in Canada. This study addresses this gap by reviewing the empirical basis, history, root causes and evolution of the transformation of higher education in Canada that has taken place over the past four decades. In this research, “corporatization” is used to refer to the process and resulting outcomes of the ascendance of business interests, values and models in the university system. Throughout the study, my two primary questions of interest are: (i) how has the corporatization of Canadian universities
taken shape?; and (ii) what are the consequences of this restructuring both for higher education and society at large? The study begins with a brief historical review of the relationship between education and various sources of power, as well as some of the competing perspectives that have been used to explain university restructuring. I then review the main manifestations of the corporatization process, beginning with a detailed analysis of the casualization of academic labour. Drawing on a new and unique dataset collected through access to information requests, I provide a detailed account
of the rise in the number of part-time and full-time contractually limited appointments in a number of Ontario institutions and discuss some of the impacts of this change. Subsequent chapters focus on the changing role of students (as consumers) in corporatized university spaces as well as changes in tuition and debt rates in Canada; how corporate management styles and practices have infiltrated university governance and programmatic and curriculum decisions; and the impact of corporate and commercial influences on academic research. Taken together, this evidence demonstrates that many of the
defining characteristics of the public university are currently under threat, particularly its systems of governance, academic freedom, and its approach to teaching and research. Moreover, I argue that there are irreconcilable differences between university and corporate institutions. The study concludes with a discussion of the fact that acts of resistance need to go beyond calling for new regulations within the current environment and seek more radical measures, given the fundamental incompatibility between these types of institutions.


title: Modeling of Strain Induced Pockels Effect in Silicon Photonic Waveguides

abstract:
Linear phase modulation is a critical characteristic of state-of-the-art modulators in
coherent optical communication systems. Currently the majority of silicon modulators
being developed are based on the plasma dispersion effect since silicon's centrosymmetric
crystal structure prohibits the Pockels (or linear electro-optic) effect. The
plasma dispersion effect is nonlinear with speed limited by charge mobility. Recently it
was shown that by applying an anisotropic strain to silicon waveguides, the symmetry of
the crystal structure can be broken, hence, artificially inducing the
Pockels effect.
In this dissertation we investigate the strain induced Pockels effect in silicon waveguides.
We introduce a Figure of Merit (FOM) that characterizes the Pockels effect in various
silicon waveguides and show the proposed FOM has an excellent correlation with the
experimentally obtained second order nonlinearity χ(2). A six-fold improvement of FOM
can be achieved by optimizing the waveguide cross-section and tuning the mechanical
properties of the straining layer.


title: Theoretical Considerations in the Estimation of the Signal-to-Noise Crossover Dose

abstract:
A goal of health risk assessment is the determination of the reference dose.
The estimation of the point of departure plays an important role in the derivation of the reference dose.
The method of benchmark dose has been widely employed in the determination of the point of departure. However, due to some practical constraints, the method sometimes faces difficulty in determining an appropriate increase in risk that meets the definition of the reference dose. As an alternative, the method of the signal-to-noise crossover dose (SNCD) was introduced in 2011. One of the main objectives here is
to develop an optimal design for the SNCR: an additional risk associated with the SNCD. The feasibility of the optimal design is also investigated under different dose-response relationships.


title: Neoproterozoic Carbonate Ramp Development in the Canadian Arctic (Shaler Supergroup): Sedimentology, Sequence Stratigraphy, and Chemostratigraphy

abstract: This study describes Tonian-Cryogenian pre-rift strata of the upper Shaler Supergroup, deposited in the Amundsen Basin (Victoria Island, Canada). The Wynniatt Formation, part of the upper Shaler Supergroup, consists of three carbonate ramp successions separated by regional unconformities. Each cycle represents part of a distally steepened, storm-dominated carbonate ramp. Temporal changes in carbonate facies record depositional environments spanning from supratidal to outer ramp settings. Interpretation of an intertidal mudflat depositional environment for the Tawuia-Chuaria assemblage zone provides depositional context for interbasinal biostratigraphic correlation. Correlation between the Amundsen and Fifteenmile (Yukon) basins is complicated by differing rates and regimes of subsidence, with the exception of a regional basin-deepening event. Contrary to previous correlations, it is proposed that the upper Shaler Supergroup and Little Dal Group of the Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup (Mackenzie Basin) are equivalent to the entire Fifteenmile Group. Five transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles were identified in the Jago Bay, Minto Inlet, and Wynniatt formations. Three tectonostratigraphic units for the upper Shaler Supergroup record an initial sag basin, followed by early extension and thermal doming, and finally rifting of the Amundsen Basin. Neoproterozoic successions of northwest Laurentia are an example where rift and intracontinental basins are spatially and temporally related. Subsidence possibly was related to multiple cycles of intra-plate extension that complemented coeval fault-controlled subsidence. An improved δ13Ccarb curve paired with δ13Corg values provides support for correlation of a significant negative δ13C excursion that has been linked to the Bitter Springs stage. In the Amundsen Basin, δ13Ccarb values drop to markedly negative values (> -14 ‰), which is attributed to local overprints whereby isotopically light carbon in pore waters was precipitated as authigenic carbonate cement fuelled by oxidation of methane or organic matter during sulphate and iron reduction. Redox proxies indicate local basin euxinia and anoxia. Pronounced Mo, V, and U enrichments in euxinic black shales suggest that the Bitter Springs stage was a transitional time, where the global oceans became more oxygenated relative to preceding portions of the mid-Proterozoic, but remained more reducing compared to the Phanerozoic.


title: Perceptually Guided Processing of Style and Affect in Human Motion for Multimedia Applications

abstract:
Computer graphics and animation have become broad and demanding areas of research. Animation of human motion is a major component, attracting many due to its significance in movies, games, and virtual environments. We propose that processing features for style and affect should be carried out through perceptually guided techniques. In this dissertation, we employ this approach and develop a set of tools for extraction, synthesis, and analysis of stylistic/affective features.
Temporal alignment is a common issue in motion processing. Accordingly, we first propose a time warping technique for
motion. Our method outperforms several existing techniques and benefits from customizability and low distortion.
Many motion processing techniques utilize incremental (joint-to-joint) processing and some process only selected joints. Hence, it is imperative to verify whether subsets of computational solutions lead to perceptually accurate results. Accordingly, we investigate and validate the notion of additivity in perception of affect from motion.
A system for extracting style/affect features from motion is then introduced. Our method has several advantages over existing techniques,
namely extracting the features as separate movement, posture, and time components, which are the perceptual and functional sources for stylistic/affective motion.
Towards synthesis of style/affect features, a perception-based approach is used. Radial basis functions (RBFs) are introduced as mathematical constructs for the features. An interface is developed using which animators utilize these functions to synthesize the desired features. Through analyzing the collected data, expert-driven perceptual shortcuts for generation of stylistic/affective themes are derived. The features also shed
light on various aspects of execution and perception of style/affect.
A unified system capable of both classification and translation of stylistic/affective features is subsequently developed using neural networks. The recognition module outperforms several other classifiers and viewers validate the translation results as perceptually accurate.
Finally, to provide a set of guidelines for animators, based on which motion features can be modified or added to motion data, an empirical paradigm is proposed. The paradigm discusses the characteristics required to make motion scenes perceptually
valid with respect to motion features and context. The existing body of literature, sensible examples, case studies, and opinions of experienced animators support this paradigm.


title: Early Detection of DDoS Attacks in Software Defined Networks Controller

abstract:
Software Defined Networks (SDN) is a new network architecture that provides central
control over the network. This control works as if it is an operating system that can
send instructions and apply changes through its interface. This operating system is
called the controller. Although central control is the major advantage of SDN, it is
also a single point of failure if it is made unreachable by a Distributed Denial of
Service Attack (DDoS).
Two main objectives of this study are utilizing the central control of SDN for attack
detection and, proposing a solution that is effective and
lightweight in terms of the
resources that it uses.
This research shows how DDoS attacks can exhaust controller resources and provides
a solution to detect such attacks based on entropy variation of destination IP address.
This method is able to detect DDoS within the first five hundred packets of the attack
traffic.


title: Nonlinear Filtering for Autonomous Navigation of Spacecraft in Highly Elliptical Orbit

abstract:
This study examined the accuracy to which autonomous navigation might be realized in a Molniya orbit. Using appropriate physical force models and simulated pseudorange signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS), a navigation algorithm based on the Extended Kalman Filter was demonstrated to achieve a three-dimensional root-mean-square accuracy of 58.9m over a 500km x 40 000km Molniya orbit. Algorithms based on the Unscented Kalman Filter and the Cubature Kalman Filter were not found to improve this result, due to a high frequency of measurements during periods of highly nonlinear
dynamics.
During this study, detailed models were developed for GPS pseudorange errors, including ephemeris errors, transmitter clock errors, and ionospheric delay. Receiver clock bias error was shown to be a significant source of navigation solution error; for reasons of geometry, the navigation algorithm is not able to differentiate between this error and a radial position error.


title: Auto-Centric Dependency:  How Transportation Affected North American Cities

abstract:
In today’s North American cities, the pattern and layout of the urban fabric is dictating to the needs of the automobile.  Why are we designing and living in an environment which is not conductive to pedestrians activities but instead creates a hostile environment causing us to use considerably more in energy and time?
What caused North American cities to so drastically alter the way they developed?  As the modern car has been around for over 100 years, North Americans have been able to study and see the effect that it’s had on our built environment.  This thesis responds to the
auto-centric design of cities and proposes an alternative way in which we view auto-centric design that will not only benefit the future of our cities but also our social experience.


title: Exploring Sensory Design in Therapeutic Architecture

abstract:
This thesis aims to explore how architecture optimize the healing process through the senses, making it imperative that vision only reinforce the other senses. With only sight, people become detached from a relationship with the
environment through the suppression of the other senses. However by taking advantage of the other senses, is it possible to create a  design for the body as opposed to it being visually and conceptually dominated? This will be applied in a clinical setting,to create a therapeutic environment. Following the concept that a healing space can be space which is not just
experienced visually but through all the senses.


title: A New Methodology for Citation Dependent Patent Evaluations

abstract:
Patent evaluation methodologies reveal hidden information that enables business decisions.  Many of these methodologies may be grouped into a prior art citation dependent category.
The problem with this category is citation noise. Citation noise obscures an evaluation leading to very limited and erroneous results.  Citation noise is also a gap not well understood by scholars.
The empirical multi-case explanatory approach of this research examined 719 citations and found 87% of the citations were noise and 13% had interdependence with a patent.  This research further found that
interdependency between a citation and patent eliminates citation noise and identifies pertinent and dominant citations.
The theoretical implications are a new understanding of citation noise and dependence, a novel interdependency framework and noise pertinence and dominant citation constructs.
The practice implications are a novel unencumbered patent evaluation methodology where pertinent and dominant citations provide useful, meaningful evaluations and enable better stakeholder decision-making capabilities.


title: The Nature of Transactive Memory Systems in Emergency Medicine Teams Based on Observations and Communication Analysis

abstract:
Abstract
Transactive Memory Systems (TMS) is one of the theoretical constructs used to account for how team members in high stress, high pressure emergency department (ED) distribute their cognitive and work load for more effective team performance.  This study investigated the nature of TMS in ED teams by observing resuscitation team simulations and analyzing behaviours and communications reflecting this construct.  The credibility of team members was pre-established based on the team members’ titles.  There was an overwhelming propagation and distribution of unsolicited information between
members which indicated the efficiency of TMS in these educational settings.  However, it also raised some concerns.  This study has implications for training and the design of programs, tools, and electronic interfaces to help improve the efficiency of TMS and ultimately ensure the care and safety of patients.


title: Longing for the Non-Addicted Self: Self-Discontinuity Increases Readiness to Change via Nostalgia

abstract:
Objective: Across three studies, self-discontinuity (i.e., a sense that the present self is different from the past self) was examined as a motivating factor for readiness to change. Moreover, nostalgia was assessed as the mediating variable in this relationship.
Method: Self-discontinuity was both measured (Study 1) and manipulated (Studies 2 and 3) among a sample of disordered gamblers (Studies 1 and 2) and problem drinkers (Study 3). In all three studies, nostalgia and readiness to change was assessed.
Results: As predicted, high levels of self-discontinuity resulted in greater
readiness to change to the extent that disordered gamblers felt nostalgic for the pre-addicted self (Studies 1 and 2). Study 3 extended the generalizability of the results by replicating these findings with a sample of problem drinkers.
Conclusion: Highlighting the difference between people’s past non addicted and present addicted selves may be an important catalyst in moving people from addiction to action.


title: The Impact of Electronic Medical Records Systems on Healthcare Subunit Performance: A Dynamic Capabilities Study

abstract:
This thesis focuses on the impact of electronic medical records (EMR) systems on healthcare subunit performance.  EMR systems are a relatively new artifact in the healthcare industry and have come under a great deal of attention lately, seen as a way of reducing healthcare costs and improving healthcare quality.  We have taken a dynamic capabilities perspective for this research.  We developed a model that suggests that two dynamic capabilities: process management and change management, will positively impact usage of EMR systems, and that EMR use is the key driver of operational performance
at the subunit level.  We tested our theory with a sequential mixed method approach.  Our unit of analysis was hospital emergency clinicians.  Our quantitative data collection method was through the use of an online survey of mainly nurse and nurse managers.  Survey data was analyzed using structural equation modeling.  Our qualitative data collection method was through the use of qualitative interviews with emergency department stakeholders.  The interviews were conducted to obtain additional insight into the issues surrounding implementation and use of EMR systems and to help explain our
quantitative results.  We found that process management and pre-implementation change management positively impact EMR use, and that EMR use positively impacts clinician related performance.  Post-implementation change management was found to have a negative effect on EMR use.  Finally, we found that process management had a direct positive effect on patient-related performance and EMR use had an indirect positive effect on patient-related performance, mediated by clinician-related performance.


title: Urban Prototyping.  An Incremental Approach to Medium Density Infill:  From Row House to Modified Stacked Courtyard

abstract:
This thesis revisits the low-rise multi-unit residential type in mature urban neighborhoods by examining its origins from a historical perspective. This thesis challenges the patterns of interrelationship and design in typical, highly individuated, row house developments, with a view to reinventing a low-rise multi-unit residential block. Using Ottawa as its testing ground, the thesis advances propositions for new housing models that critically reconsider current trends in infill and replacement housing within established low-rise neighbourhoods. The thesis pursues moderately scaled housing
types in urban settings that weave private life and communal urban existence together through their architecture. The prototypes are tested on a site in Ottawa, along an urban “seam” between a traditional residential neighborhood and a new transit corridor.


title: The Effectiveness of Focused Instruction of Formulaic Sequences in Augmenting L2 Learners’ Academic Writing Skills: A Quantitative Research Study

abstract:
Research has increasingly focused on the effectiveness of formulaic sequences in augmenting second language (L2) learners’ academic writing skills. These formulaic sequences, which may constitute as much as 52.3% of written discourse (Erman & Warren, 2000), play a vital role in improving L2 learners’ writing proficiency and enhancing their performance in academic contexts (Jones & Haywood, 2004; Lewis, 1997). However, experimental testing of such a role is largely undeveloped in research. This quantitative research study is an attempt to investigate the effects of explicitly teaching
formulaic sequences on twelve L2 learners’ academic writing skills. The study results suggest that an explicit instructional approach to formulaic sequences can enhance their subsequent acquisition. Moreover, formulaic sequences increase L2 learners’ writing proficiency because they function as frames to which L2 learners resort when approaching a writing task to compose an academic piece of writing.
Keywords: Formulaic sequences, focused instruction, L2 writing proficiency


title: From Friendless Women to Fancy Dress Balls: William James Topley's Photographic Portraits

abstract:
The Topley Studio fonds housed at Library and Archives Canada is one of the most widely consulted sources of late nineteenth and twentieth century photographs.  Yet most existing literature on the photographer, William James Topley (1845-1930) and his Ottawa studio, has been framed within an approach that privileges style and the notion of artistic genius.  This thesis instead examines photographs produced by the Topley Studio, while considering their broader socio-historical context. Focusing on photographic portraits of various ‘classes’ of Victorian women and men, and the spaces they
occupied, this study reveals connections between identity formation, photographic practice and the politics of representation.  From examinations of staged photographs of costumed participants in the Dufferin Grand Fancy Ball to images documenting female inmates of the Home for Friendless Women and the Carleton County Gaol, this thesis explores visual representations of gender, class and race in late nineteenth-century Ottawa.


title: Relative Effects of Landscape Structure Variables, and Interactions with Life-History Traits, on the Abundance and Distribution of Wetland-Dependent Vertebrate Species

abstract:
Wetland-dependent species are undergoing the largest wildlife population declines worldwide primarily due to habitat loss, but are a relatively understudied ecological group in landscape ecology.  The overarching goal of my dissertation is to advance our understanding of the effects of landscape structure on wetland-dependent vertebrate populations and the life-history traits that determine these responses.  In Chapter 2, I used meta-analysis to combine data on the relationship between species abundance and wetland habitat loss from empirical studies conducted worldwide to identify the traits
that influence species response to habitat loss.  I show that species with low reproductive rates are more sensitive to habitat loss at the population level, whereas species mobility has no apparent effect.  In Chapter 3, I conducted extensive field surveys to determine the relative effects of landscape structure variables on the distribution of wetland birds and turtles.  I show that birds are more strongly affected by habitat loss whereas turtles are more strongly affected by the surrounding landscape matrix, specifically forest cover.  I also show that habitat fragmentation independent of
habitat loss was not an important predictor for any species.  In Chapter 4, I investigated whether a similar pattern is found in other studies and vertebrate taxa by building upon the meta-analysis in Chapter 2 and comparing wetland species responses to wetland loss and landscape matrix quality at the population level.  I show that wetland loss is more important for mammals and birds whereas matrix quality, indexed as forest cover, is more important for amphibians.  I also show that these results are not scale-dependent.  The results of this thesis suggest that conservation priority should be
placed on species with low reproductive rates and on actions that increase reproductive output rather than movement.  My results also suggest that landscape-scale requirements vary among wetland-dependent taxa:  mammals and birds are more limited by the amount of wetland habitat in a landscape, whereas amphibians and reptiles are more limited by the quality of the matrix surrounding wetlands, likely due to access to and/or availability of complementary habitats.  Therefore, conservation policies that focus only on wetland protection will not conserve wetland biodiversity.


title: Pop // Rock:  Deployable Urban Performance Architecture

abstract: An event can change a person’s perception of a space or location forever. How can urban mobile performance evoke excitement and encourage inhabitants to actively participate in their city, opening it to the possibilities and processes within that may be latent or invisible?


abstract:
Reading Ruins: A Transtextual Approach to the Hanna Roundhouse looks at the relationships between ‘texts’ in adaptive reuse. Transtextuality, which is based on the literary analysis of Gérard Genette, is explored in regards to the architectural relationships between the new, old and forgotten in built form. This thesis abducts and explains transtextuality in regards to architecture and then applies it as a design process in the adaptive reuse of the Hanna Roundhouse. The Hanna Roundhouse, built in 1913 as part of the Canadian Northern Railway, was abandoned for a significant period until its
purchase by the Hanna Roundhouse Society in the Fall of 2013.


title: The Effect of L1-L2 Vowel Category Mapping on L2 Word Learning:  English Speakers Learning Arabic Pseudo-Words

abstract:
Adult language learners often face challenges perceiving unfamiliar speech sounds. Models of second language (L2) speech perception suggest that adults learn L2 through the “filter” of their first language (L1), frequently resulting in misperception and the production of accented speech. The present study had to goals:  to examine the learning of a demanding L2 speech contrast by English listeners, and to investigate the role of cognitive resources when learning novel phoneme categories. The first goal was achieved by asking English listeners to learn Arabic vowels embedded in word-like
contexts. The second goal of the study was achieved by looking at the relationship between learning performance and two types of cognitive resources, working memory and attention. The results indicate that although listeners may have been able to perceive the difference between the Arabic vowels, learning to associate the novel phonemes to novel concepts may have been too difficult for participants.


title: The Effects of Feedback Loops and Signalling Complexes in the Induction of Postsynaptic Plasticity: A Systems Biology Approach

abstract:
Synaptic plasticity is the activity-dependent modification of the strength of connections between neurons.  Neural activity generates biochemical signals that activate a complex network of signalling proteins affecting synaptic change by modifying the number of receptors present at the synapse.  Key to this process is the activation of feedback loops with sharp thresholds to sustain signalling.  Also at the synapse are scaffold proteins that bind pathway members and shape their dynamics.  Recent reports of the effects of scaffolds on threshold properties are in conflict.  The aim of this
thesis is to determine the qualitative effects of combining feedback loops and scaffold proteins in computational models of synaptic plasticity.  We found that the effect of scaffolds on threshold properties is highly dependent on biochemical context, but we did not find evidence of an interactive effect of feedback loops and scaffold proteins in this regard.


title: Having Fun, Working Out: Adaptive and Engaging Video Games for Exercise

abstract: This study evaluates an original game, Sea Monkeys, which contributes to the field of adaptive games while testing the viability of exergames that present continuous, expandable narrative. Adaptivity stands to assist game designers in resolving challenge management, a sophisticated problem in exergaming. Psychological flow provides a unified perspective from which to evaluate experiences of physical exertion and game engagement. The study was performed using independent measures to discern the effect of adaptivity (n=25). Participants were exposed to two rounds of the game using full-body motion input and equipped with a heart rate monitor. Cardiovascular exertion meeting exercise standards was observed. Measurements suggest that adaptivity enhanced the reliability of the challenge encountered by players. Players reported the narrative to be engaging and helpful, and flow experiences were indicated. Sea Monkeys demonstrates an engaging, effective, and expandable game design for delivering exercise benefit.


title: Effects of maternal oxidative stress and gametic cortisol exposure on Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) offspring

abstract:
Though intergenerational effects have been reported in a range of taxa, little is known about the potential effects of oxidative stress and gametic cortisol exposure on future generations of fish. The semelparous life history of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) provides a unique opportunity to explore intergenerational effects of oxidative stress. I assessed oxidative health in sockeye salmon (O. nerka) from three distinct populations in the Fraser River (British Columbia) and demonstrated that maternal oxidative stress is not conferred to offspring and that oxidative stress appears to be
related to population at specific offspring life stages. I also assessed the effect of maternal oxidative health on egg cortisol levels, the effect of egg cortisol on offspring oxidative health and the effect of artificially elevated egg cortisol and found that there may be a buffering mechanism in the mother and the egg to avoid negative effects of hypercortisolism on oxidative health.


title: Changing Governance of Public Research:  Research-for-Development (R4D) Funders in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia

abstract:
Research-for-development (R4D) has been viewed as generating evidence on the effectiveness of foreign aid, inventing new technologies that serve poor people, and strengthening research capabilities in poor countries. What determines which of these policy goals are pursued? This thesis argues that public funders continually adjust their approach based on pressure to satisfy the expectations of their home governments.
The concepts of performance regime and program theory are used to examine how funders responded to changing expectations and maintained credibility with both their
government sponsors and the research community. The United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia all experienced a shift towards market-inspired governance of public research, which favoured shorter time-horizons and encouraged funders’ to alter their perspective regarding whom to target for funding (researchers at home and abroad) and what constituted the point of delivery (between field and lab-based science). Funders resisted to a limited extent by adapting selectively to these pressures, inserting their own ideas into the performance regime, and covertly pursuing their existing program
theory.
Yet performance regimes matter. Changes in performance expectations clearly led to fundamental changes in program theory and grantmaking practice. In previous decades, funders had some degree of freedom, to interpret broad policy directions and mediate between public research and international development, drawing on the ideas championed by the individuals that founded and led each organization. Yet performance regimes became increasingly prescriptive over time, with governments determining on what, for whom, and where research funding was to flow. With an eroded autonomy, funders
had less opportunity to set and pursue their own program theory, consequently moving closer to government and further from the research community.
This understanding illuminates future prospects for R4D, as funders face new pressures to foster international scientific collaboration and research on shared “global challenges”. Given that funders are rooted in different national contexts, it is easier for them to contribute towards a common agenda using their individual grantmaking practice. The future of R4D requires funders to broker the ideas of international development with the ideas of
publicly-funded science, a relationship that is at time symbiotic and at time conflictive.


title: Development of a Cost-Effective High-Fidelity Type-Specific Flight Simulator with Emphasis on Flight Modelling

abstract:
This project was an investigation into the feasibility of developing a cost-effective high-fidelity type-specific small aircraft simulator for use as part of an ab-initio flight training program. The development of the KatanaSim, a Diamond DA20-A1 Katana flight simulator built with commercial off-the-shelf components and original aircraft parts wherever possible, proved the feasibility of the endeavour. In order to acquire the data necessary for flight model evaluation and tuning, a minimally-intrusive flight testing methodology for small aircraft was developed. A compact instrumentation
package was designed and tested, and a flight permit from Transport Canada was obtained. Two flight tests in a DA20-A1 Katana were completed and several hours worth of flight testing data was acquired. A curve-fitting genetic algorithm was developed to automate the flight model tuning process and was validated using a variety of dynamic models.


title: The School Leaving Certificate (SLC) Examination of Nepal: Exploring Negative Consequences

abstract: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the issues associated with the stakes of the School Leaving Certificate (SLC) exam of Nepal, to explore the negative consequences of the exam results, and make suggestions regarding how extreme negative consequences of the SLC exam results can be minimized. The study suggests strategies to address these negative consequences including practical and vocational education for unsuccessful students, respectful and responsible family and school environments, and alternatives to the SLC exam.


title: Motion Planning with Directional Constraints

abstract: In this thesis motion planing with directional constraint in a polygon $P$ possibly with holes is studied. We have studied this problem from two different viewpoints. We proposed an algorithm which directly computes a path that adheres to the directional constraints. We also provided an algorithm which approximates any piecewise linear path in the interior of $P$ with a piecewise linear path that adheres to the directional constraints.


title: Cyclic and Isothermal Oxidation Resistance of ASPS Thermal Barrier Coating Systems

abstract:
Isothermal and cyclic oxidation behaviours of two types of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were investigated in this study. Both isothermal and cyclic oxidations tests were conducted at a peak temperature of 1080C. The TBC systems tested consisted of nickel-base superalloy substrate (CMSX-4 or IN738LC), platinum aluminide bond coat and 8YSZ top coat with either vertical cracks (VC) or columnar structure. Samples with IN738LC substrate demonstrated longer isothermal oxidation life whereas samples with CMSX-4 substrate showed greater cyclic oxidation life. After the oxidation tests, the
samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an X-Ray diffractometer. Cr2O3 and spinels (CS) were detected within some of the TBC samples. The growth of spinels highly depended upon coating’s accessibility to oxygen and test duration. Severe outward elemental diffusion and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between TGO, bond coat and substrate were responsible for early failure of TBCs.


title: The Lawfulness-Lawlessness Continuum: Interpersonal Dynamics in Conflict Resolution Processes

abstract:
The ways in which citizens behave, interact, and plan for the future have cumulative significance for the nature and future of society. This project proposes an analytical device (the lawfulness and lawlessness continuum) to describe the types of behaviours and decision-making that individuals use when participating in adjudication, mediation, and other conflict resolution processes. Lawfulness is a dynamic that is cyclical, orderly, and restrained. I suggest that it can be used to analyze the types of interactions between citizens that are associated with law and adjudication. Lawlessness is
a dynamic that is emergent, adaptive, and responsive; it may manifest more often in moments between individuals who are using mediation to resolve their conflicts. Interactions between citizens are likely to involve a combination of lawfulness and lawlessness, along the continuum that lies between them. This analytical model offers a lens through which these nuances of citizen interactions can be analyzed.


title: Girls and the Pill: Sex, Health and Managing the Self

abstract:
This thesis examines the place of the oral contraceptive pill within the context of girls as subjects in contemporary Canadian society.  In many ways, discourses that associate pill use with choice, reproductive rights and increased control over the body for women are still prevalent today.  Yet, there is an increased emphasis placed on autonomy, self-realization and empowerment, as well as the life-style benefits of the pill; further, young women, not women generally, are the target of campaigns that seek to encourage pill use.  In attempting to examine the discourses that constitute young
women as subjects on the pill, I have brought together interviews with young women currently taking it and texts from the print news media, pharmaceutical advertising and public health communications.  This thesis contributes to Foucault’s later work on ethics and care of the self and practices of freedom, which examines how government of the self occurs within the context of relationships with others.  However, through engaging in a dialogue with post-structural feminist accounts of gender and the body, feminist studies of science and technology and recent work on emotional regulation and
emotion management, I consider the particular characteristics of subjects and the way that work on the self occurs on an ongoing basis in daily life.  In this thesis I argue that young women are actively engaged in constituting ethical conduct, while at the same time the conduct of young women is shaped by various pill discourses.  As such, in this thesis, I do not determine whether young women should or should not use the pill, nor do I establish the degree to which it enables or limits choice, reproductive rights and freedom.  Instead, I am interested in how tensions surrounding the pill
produce ethical dilemmas that young women navigate on an ongoing basis.


title: Effects of System Movement in Flight on Helicopter-borne Magnetic Gradiometry

abstract:
Magnetic gradiometry is a quick and cost-effective exploration tool useful for mapping geological structures. This study focuses on a coherent oscillating noise of ~0.3 Hz present in triaxial magnetic gradiometric data when the system flies over low signal areas. The goal is to characterize this noise, identify its source, and apply a correction so that subtle targets are no longer masked. Stationary sensor noise and translational movements of the system have been dismissed as potential sources. Rotational movements (yaw, pitch and roll) have a frequency range similar to that of the noise but
the source is likely due to vibrations related to the positioning of the tow cable attachment points. This mechanical noise is either affecting the gradiometric data directly or it is affecting the rotational movements, which are in turn influencing the gradients. Regardless of its source, the noise may be attenuated mathematically by de-rotation and notch filtering.


title: Parallel Olap on Multi/Many-Core and Cloud Platforms

abstract:
One of the most powerful and prominent technologies for knowledge discovery in Decision
Support System environments is Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). OLAP is the foundation
for a wide range of essential business applications. Since its introduction, OLAP
has consistently required a massive computational power. On the other hand, the physical
limits of the speed for single processor systems bound the performance of any single processor
solution. Parallel and distributed processing can provide two key ingredients to solve
this problem: increased computational power through parallel
processors and increased I/O
bandwidth through parallel storage.
In this thesis, we provide new methods to parallelize OLAP systems on the recent parallel
and distributed platforms. We provide new algorithms including two parallel sorting
algorithms (an important part of data cube construction) on many-core Graphics Processors
(GPUs) and multi-core CPUs. In addition, we introduce a method for parallel construction
of static data cubes on multi-core CPUs.
Next, we present the main contribution of this thesis in the area of Real-time OLAP.
We offer and discuss a new algorithmic solution
with a new data structure called PDC-tree
that supplies Real-time OLAP for multi-core platforms. To our knowledge, the PDC-tree is
the first solution that provides a fully parallel Real-time OLAP using a parallelized tree data
structure. We emphasize that the PDC-tree provides Real-time OLAP without materializing
any data cube, and hence avoids its drawbacks.
In the last part of this thesis, we focus on the subject of parallel and distributed Realtime
OLAP on cloud architectures. A cloud-based framework called CR-OLAP is developed
that builds the structure of our cloud solution.
CR-OLAP encompasses a new OLAP data
structure called PDCR-tree, a non-trivial enhanced successor of the PDC-tree. In addition
to answering OLAP queries in a real-time manner, CR-OLAP provides the scalability and
load balancing of data among cloud resources, while assuring performance for very large
data warehouses. Experiments on the Amazon EC2 Cloud confirm the real-time responsibility
of CR-OLAP under a heavy load of OLAP queries in large data warehouses.


title: Probabilistic Analysis and Design of Freeway Deceleration Speed Change Lanes

abstract:
In highway design, knowledge about the design parameters and inputs is imperfect. Current geometric design guides provide deterministic methods for the design requirements by using conservative values to consider uncertainty. The design of freeway deceleration speed change lanes (SCLs) depends on the manner of deceleration, initial speed, and final speed at the SCL. SCL length should provide drivers with enough distance to diverge at a reasonable speed and decelerate comfortably. The purpose of this research is to develop probabilistic methodology for evaluating and designing freeway
deceleration SCLs using reliability analysis. Models were developed to evaluate the operational performance of SCLs using field data. Three different methodologies were used for evaluating SCL length. PNC, which corresponds to the probability that drivers require a deceleration length longer than what is provided, was calculated for each study site. Design graphs were developed to design based on PNC for lengths below 300 m.


title: Component Groups of Centralizers Corresponding to Unramified L-Packets

abstract: A theorem of Keys states that the cardinality of an unramified L-packet is equal to the order of a component group of a centralizer of a semi-simple element. We compute the component groups of centralizers in connected, quasi-simple, linear algebraic groups. We also compute the component groups for certain similitude groups.


title: Numerical Methods in Optimization and Performance Analysis of Queueing Networks

abstract:
We consider control problems in many-server queueing networks, with impatient customers. We focus on models with two customer classes and one or two service stations. Our objective is to find a policy minimizing the expected discounted holding cost of waiting customers. The technique we used is Markov Decision Process. Our conclusions are: 1. an optimal policy depends on the total number of customers only; 2. it is optimal to keep idleness in the station with lower service rate; 3. an optimal policy is to arrange only one type of customers waiting at any moment. The decision depends on
whether the derivative of optimal cost function is greater than the ratio (c1-c2)/(θ1-θ2); with ci and θi being the cost rate and abandonment rate of class i respectively. The thesis also introduces an algorithm for simulating G/G/N queues, which is then extended to more complex networks.


title: Domestic Harmonies:  Musical Activity in Southwestern Ontario, 1880-1920

abstract:
This dissertation studies domestic musical activity in Southwestern Ontario between 1880
and 1920. It argues that home musical activity was linked to social, cultural, commercial,
and even political influences in the public realm. Using Toronto, Hamilton, London, and
Guelph as sample communities, it investigates the prescriptive discourses surrounding
music making as well as the more variegated realm of actual behaviour. The structure of
the chapters mirrors the study’s overall argument, moving back and forth over the
culturally constituted public-private divide. The discussion considers the influence of
parlour spaces, gendered prescriptions, ideals of refinement, and the mediating influence
of individual personality and situation. It also examines instrument purchase, music
education, sheet music repertoire, and the introduction of the player piano. The final two
chapters of this study address the Great War’s effect on the status quo, stressing themes
of continuity as well as change in musical practices. The dissertation concludes with a
short summary of the post-war decline of both the Canadian piano industry and amateur
music making in general. Unbeknownst to contemporaries, by the year 1920, domestic
musicianship had passed its peak.


title: Public Works : State Formation, Class Composition, and the Making of Ontario’s Public Sector

abstract:
This dissertation examines the role of labour in the formation of a modern public sector
in Ontario. Specifically, I explore how the public sector has been rendered intelligible
and administrable through strategies of ‘government at a distance,’ which have aimed to
disentangle labour from its strategic location in vital infrastructural networks, enabling its
regulation through increasingly centralized administrative structures. I draw from three
historical case studies in developing my argument. First, I examine how civic
employees’ unions contributed to the reconfiguration of sanitation work in early
twentieth century Toronto. Second, I explore how the federation of public sector unions
on a provincial and national scale in part provoked the emergence of regional
governance structures across the province in the 1940s and 1950s. Finally, I explore
how interest arbitration was taken up as a means of depoliticizing the bargaining
process in Ontario’s hospital sector through the 1960s and 1970s, galvanizing new
understandings of the public sector as a distinctive domain. In each of these cases, I
explore how new forms of expertise were developed which aimed to impartially
calculate the value of public work and render it comparable across disparate sites. In
this sense, I draw from Foucault in viewing the formation of a public sector as a process
of ‘governmentalization’ -- setting up an economy at the level of the entire state. While a
great deal of literature in governmentality studies has tended to focus on the role of
state officials in this process, I emphasize how workers, at various times, have been
able to build leverage through their critical position in the provision of services, and
change the scale at which their labour is framed through establishing new levels of
organization. In this sense, I argue that the formation of the public sector a uniform and
coherent domain has in many ways been the outcome of struggles from below. In other
words, workers have played a very active role in the production of the public sector.


title: New Zirconium Hydrogen Second Nearest Neighbor Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) Potential For Simulation of Stacking Fault Energy Along the  <0110> Path Of The Hexagonal Closely Packed Lattice Basal Plane

abstract:
A new Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) potential for zirconium and hydrogen, called the second nearest-neighbor MEAM (2nnMEAM), was created to more effectively simulate the
stacking fault energy of different zirconium hydrogen solid solutions along the < 0110 > path of the hexagonal closely packed (hcp) lattice basal plane.
The
2nnMEAM
is
a binary alloy MEAM with a less severe screening function that enables the potential to include longer range interactions between atoms. The 2nnMEAM is required because the existing MEAM potential for zirconium and hydrogen, developed by
Dr.M.Baskes (in the text referred to as the MEAM potential), although useful for bulk tests of basic physical properties of different zirconium hydrogen phases, was not capable to model the energetics associated with basal slip.


Displacement-based seismic design of RC wall-frame buildings and asymmetric plan buildings


The impacts of quality management practices on innovation


Towards harmonic analysis on locally compact quantum groups : from groups to quantum groups - and back


Negotiating power : gender and body politics in the new wave Japanese cinema


Does public opinion count? : tuition fees, student support, and public opinion in Saskatchewan, 1991-2004


Parallel simulation techniques for large-scale discrete-event models


Performance evaluation and algorithm development for real-time tumour tracking using positron emission markers


Cervical cancer screening barriers and prospective method choices : the influence of attachment, personality and health beliefs


Offender competencies and their relationship to correctional program performance


Using machine learning to refine black-box test specifications and test suites


Exposing biases of omission : an explication of institutionalized heterosexism in public education


Fast EMI analysis of massively coupled interconnects with long delay


Verity waters : water and architecture and the quality of life


The influence of food choices on fruit and vegetable consumption and self-rated health : is it moderated by self-efficacy?


title: Saying "no" by saying "yes" : the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunication Commission's precedent-setting decision on Al Jazeera, 15 July 2004

abstract: This is a case study of how the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approved a proposal by cable and satellite service providers to distribute the Arabic-language TV news channel Al Jazeera. Pro-Israel lobbyists opposed it. Unprecedented restrictions in the CRTC's July 2004 decision required Canadian carriers to block any possible abusive comment found within Al Jazeera programming before distributing it. Despite demand for daily news from the Arab world, Canadian carriers have yet to offer the channel to any would-be subscriber. This thesis suggests that the Commission calculated such a result to avoid violation of Canada's hate laws and to protect the regulator against a Charter of Rights and Freedoms challenge based on freedom of expression by those wishing to receive Al Jazeera. Losing such a challenge could have weakened CRTC power when changing global technology and market development were leading many to question its role and relevance.


A discrete exterior calculus finite element method for solving two phase flow problems


Automatic segmentation, classification, and re-synthesis of human actions in 3D space


Open source synthetic training environments and the Canadian forces


Soviet-Canadian Doukhobor correspondence : building global civil society in a Cold-War political climate


Dynamics control approaches to improve vibratory environment of the helicopter aircrew


Small screen, big impact: a historical examination of the effects of television on the 1988 federal election campaign


Open educational resources: motivations, governance, and content protection


Estimation and characterization of delay and angular dispersion on mobile radio channels in 2.25 GHz microcells


The influence of chemical composition and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical/tribological properties of cobalt-based Tribaloy alloys


Less than human: infrahumanization and forgiveness when an outgroup harms the ingroup


Regulation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene promoter by hypoxia


Non-destructive characterization of stony meteorites


Muai Thai and the embodiment of fighting forms in a rural, northeast Thai household


Sense of home


Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic defenses in the anoxia tolerant turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans


Porosity and participation: the architecture of the Canadian institute of design


Psychopathy in the media: a content analysis


Comparing apples and oranges: a socio-rhetorical analysis of writing in biology and history


Edgard Leuenroth--the formative years, 1881-1917: exploring anarchist ideology  in São Paulo through critical biography


Invasive species in an alvar ecosystem: a soil seed bank study and insitu vegetation surveys studying  the effects of Euphorbia cyparissias on the Burnt Lands Nature Reserve


Factor affecting mobile data technology (MDT) adoption by Canadian SMEs.


Evaluation of two wireless communication standards for public safety and security (PSS) network


Cognitive distortions and pathological gambling: are educational animations effective in reducing cognitive distortions, challenge appraisals and gambling persistence among slots players?


Joane Cardinal-Schubert : Aboriginal woman artist


The relationship between environmental justice and voluntary environmental programs : towards a conceptualization of ecological democracy


Signal optimization for unilateral NMR magnet design


Huguenot prophetism, clerical authority, and the disenchantment of the world, 1685-1710


A discrete approach to modelling helicopter blade sailing


Working memory in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia


Engineering English : a multimodal case study of one Engineering and two EAP textbooks


Some contributions to small area estimation


title: Frequency domain processing for multiple input multiple output channels

abstract:
In the past two decades wireless communication technology has developed tremendously. Therefore, the techniques that can support high data rates and provide high spectral efficiencies are of great interest. Employing multiple antennas at both receiver and transmitter and space-time processing techniques has been shown to be able to provide high spectral efficiencies. The fundamental idea is to use multiple antennas combined with signal processing techniques at the receiver in order to increase the spectral efficiencies. The focus of this thesis is on frequency domain transmitter and receiver design for severe frequency selective channels which can effectively mitigate the effect of ISI and interference for single carrier wireless systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas.
First, two new frequency-domain receivers for severe frequency-selective MIMO channels are introduced. These receivers have a frequency domain feedforward and a time domain feedback filter. Assuming the availability of perfect knowledge of the channel at the receiver, the performance of the proposed receivers are evaluated for different channel models. However, these receivers are non-linear and suffer from error propagation. The comparison of the performance of the proposed receivers with OFDM is also given.
Second, a new iterative receiver is proposed for severe time-dispersive MIMO channels. This receiver has a frequency domain feedforward and feedback filter. Since the feedback loop takes into account not just the hard-decisions for each block but also the overall block reliability, the error propagation problem is significantly reduced.
The problem of joint transmitter and receiver design for MIMO channels under the MSE criterion and with the perfect knowledge of the channel at the transmitter when the system does not have a priori bandwidth constraint is considered. It is proven that the optimum space-time filters are strictly bandlimited to a frequency set. The aggregated bandwidth of this set is at most the number of the substreams times the symbol rate. Next, we propose a linear frequency domain pre-equalization scheme for spatially correlated MIMO channels. In this scheme partial knowledge of the channel is available at the transmitter. To reduce the complexity the proposed precoder is implemented in the frequency domain. Finally, we introduce a power optimization algorithm for V-BLAST system with two transmit antennas. This algorithm minimizes the exact probability of vector error.


International outsourcing: an open-economy model with intermediate goods and economies of scale


Risk-based approach in highway geometric design


Two essays on the land tenure institutions of Bulgaria: evolution, land fragmentation and land productivity


An open framework for the specification and execution of a testable requirements model


Development of a framework for resource planning and allocation in service organizations


Integrated detection of active worms using multi-sensor data fusion and collaborative network defense


title: The Con-temporary House:  the process towards an individual home

abstract:
The unique characteristics of each family is present within their individual evolution over time.  The house, which provides shelter, is a fundamental building block as this is the space in which the development of life cycles occur. The spaces within the house can be utilized in unique ways according to its users, as its main function of shelter is adapted differently as there is a change in family types over time. The house has a great importance in shaping the spaces experienced by the individual family.
The Con-temporary House design strategy is a means to provide the individual
family the opportunity to grow within their own home with the freedom to evolve in their own unique space and time.


title: Canada at Expo 2005:  Nation, Audience, and the Branded Display Complex

abstract:
Popular culture events, such as world’s fairs, are important objects of study as they demonstrate how visual culture functions as an agent of nation branding on a global scale. Much of the research on these events has focused on the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as sites of imperialism and modernism. Although less attention has been paid to contemporary world’s fairs, this study argues that these continue to be critical areas of study. Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan was the first world’s fair held in Asia in the twenty-first century. As global power dynamics shift to Asia, an
examination of cultural events allows us to explore how countries hope to position themselves in this shift.
My case study of the Canadian pavilion at Expo 2005 demonstrates how the display simultaneously projected a federal brand and reflected tourist expectations of Canada for the Japanese audience. I use a visual analysis drawing from iconology and visual semiotics to understand how the design of the pavilion represented the unique expectations of three different stakeholders: the organizers of the Aichi expo who sought to position Japan within a wider global framework, the Canadian
federal planners who wanted to project a distinct Canadian identity abroad, and the attending public, who went to be entertained.
I draw from critical studies in museology and nation branding to develop a framework, which I term the branded display complex to explain this complex form of representation. At Aichi, the brand of Canada continued to emphasize meta-narratives such as ‘Logs and Rocks,’ ‘Great White North,’ and ‘Unity in Diversity.’ Furthermore, I show that nations are branding themselves in a way that is coded for the audience. Tourism strategies such as collecting and digital
interfaces that promote participation result in an experience that personalizes the nation, which in turn contributes to its capacity of being internalized. The branded display complex suggests that in the competitive global exchange such as a world’s fair, pavilions must rely on systems of differentiation, which alter how we come to engage with, and know, the nation on display.


title: Design, Control, and Implementation of a Robotic Gait Rehabilitation System for Overground Gait Training

abstract:
Robotic devices for gait rehabilitation have the potential to improve patient and caregiver safety, reduce therapy costs, and allow a larger number of patients to get access to physical therapy. Additionally, data collected from the robot's sensors may be used to assess impairment severity and track patient progress. However these devices also suffer from many drawbacks such as high cost, complexity, limited training capabilities, and constrained joint motions and postural responses. With these limitations in mind, this thesis introduces GaitEnable, a simply designed robotic gait trainer
that combines an intelligent reactive controller, an actuated omnidirectional mobile base and a passive body weight support system. In addition to describing the device and its control system, this thesis also presents results from a series of validation experiments performed to characterize the performance of the device. The results demonstrate that GaitEnable's control system ensures stable human-robot interactions, and that GaitEnable can assist and perturb a user's gait in a systematic manner. The experiments also confirm that GaitEnable's actuated omni-directional mobile
allows users to walk more naturally as it reduces the motion constraints that the device imposes.
In addition to describing the GaitEnable system, this thesis also focuses on the more general problem of interaction stability in coupled human-robot systems. Two novel trajectory manipulations for ensuring stable, oscillation-free interactions in admittance-controlled haptic devices are proposed. A Lyapunov stability analysis is used to show that the proposed manipulations are stable in the sense of uniform ultimate boundedness. Also, an extensive set of experiments confirm that the impedance
manipulations allow the display of large apparent inertia reductions, ensure stable interactions, and are robust to actuator saturation and model uncertainties. These features make them ideal for use with robotic systems that are attached to humans (e.g., the GaitEnable system). Use of these manipulations is also extended to typical position control problems, and additional experimental results confirm the manipulations help eliminate chatter and provide a better transient response and steady-state tracking error.


title: Autonomous Geologist for Planetary Exploration

abstract:
The high cost of planetary rover missions limits risk-taking and as a result restricts scientific exploration. This constraint is further compounded by limited autonomy that requires time-consuming intervention of Earth-based operators to ensure safe operation in previously unexplored areas.
The proposed autonomous classification system utilizes vision algorithms to gather textural information from the surface of rocks. The input is black and white images of hand samples taken in a controlled lighting environment. The classification is based on Haralick’s textural feature extraction
(1973). Once the features are extracted, the system compares them against a catalogue of values from pre-processed rocks. Using Bayes’ theorem, the system computes statistical probabilities of classifying the sample based on its former exposures.
The system has been tested using 180 sample points from 30 rock samples, and has achieved classification accuracy of 80%.


title: Investigating Exit-Seeking Interventions for Residents with Alzheimer's Disease in Institutional Care

abstract:
The exit-seeking behavior of persons with Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with a decline in the residents’ wellbeing in long-term care facilities. Recent studies in the field suggest that promoting safe wandering and adapting to the patients needs contribute for better exit-seeking management, which can be facilitated through the use of assistive technology. In order to investigate how technology can be introduced to nursing homes to effectively deter this dangerous behavior, five research methods are utilized. Noticing the attitudes of the research participants towards the use of
technology and their interests in low-tech deterrents, the study examines the rationale behind their effectiveness in order to provide recommendations for professionals involved in the development of such solutions. The research finds that effective wandering management strategies require a combination of multiple approaches that complement each other in terms of the purpose of use, and build on the residents’ interests, understanding and backgrounds.


title: Structured Web Data Extraction: University Domain

abstract:
In the Semantic Web, information is structured and thus processable by machines. However, it is still largely unrealized. The current web is simply a collection of unstructured documents. To find information on the web, we use search engines such as Google to retrieve relevant documents. Users often need to search through the retrieved documents to find information. Due to web information explosion, it has become harder and harder for users to find information easily. While Google is trying to provide the most relevant results, our goal is to provide precise results that answer structured
queries. To achieve our goal, we adopt the information extraction approach. In particular, we extract structured data from the unstructured web and organize the extracted data in a database to provide search functions. This thesis focuses on the implementation of a web information extraction system in a university domain.


title: Public Administration Reform and Building of the 'Vertical of Power' in Russia: Exploring Incommensurability

abstract:
The dissertation explores the reform of Russian public administration that began in 2003.
Although, it was considered by the ruling elite as one of the most important political
projects that should establish a necessary fundament for further socio-economic
modernization of the country, the reform has not yet resulted in significant improvement
of governance in the country. The dissertation investigates the conceptual inconsistency
of the model of reform, based on the New Public Management approach, and the nature
of political process in Russia, established during the presidency of
Vladimir Putin and
named building the ‘vertical of power’.


title: Fluid Dynamics Modelling and Experimental Studies of the Flowing Electrolyte Channel in a Flowing Electrolyte - Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

abstract:
Methanol crossover is a significant concern in direct methanol fuel cells that reduces power and efficiency. The flowing electrolyte – direct methanol fuel cell is a concept intended to combat this issue by using a sulphuric acid flowing electrolyte layer to remove crossed-over methanol before it can reach the cathode.
	Hydrodynamic modelling and of the flowing porous electrolyte channel and fuel cell performance experimental studies were conducted. In addition, experimental measurements of the permeability values of porous channel spacers were compared to theoretical values.
	It was
recommended that the flowing electrolyte channel should be very thin with a higher sphere diameter and lower porosity with a flow rate high enough to effectively negate methanol crossover. However, a possible alternative may be to use a higher porosity, but increase the flow rate to achieve the same performance; this may result in a lower pressure drop.


title: A Comparative Grammar of Just War: Contrasting Augustinian Christian and Vedic Hindu Worldviews

abstract:
This dissertation examines some of the metaphysical assumptions that inform how people think about warfare.  In the Christian West, rules on warfare developed into the just war doctrine, and St. Augustine is often acknowledged as the person who introduced these ideas to Western philosophy.  However, all of Augustine’s thought is rooted in his understanding of reality through the lens of his Christian faith – a fifth century Roman Catholic worldview (Weltanschauung).  As a result, current norms in international law on warfare (such as R2P) also reflect these Christian metaphysical assumptions.
 This dissertation examines not only how Augustinian metaphysical assumptions impact our ideas of warfare in international law but also how these ideas would change if one did not subscribe to this Augustinian worldview.  Since Hinduism is often associated with non-violence, a Hindu worldview is examined to determine what kind of just war theory, if any, would arise.  First, the link between Christian philosophy and modern international law is outlined, tracing the development of thought from Augustine to modern times by examining Bible verses and writings by political theorists and others on
just war theory and Christian theology.  Then, Christian metaphysical assumptions are examined in order to determine how these assumptions influence Christian ideas of warfare.  Psychological impacts of Christian assumptions are also looked at through the lens of Girardian analysis.  In the second half, Hindu political writings, scriptures and religious texts as well as books about Hinduism are examined to discover how Hindus have thought about war.  Hindu metaphysical assumptions are examined and inferences are made to show the connection between these assumptions and Hindu ideas of
non-violence.  The following aspects are examined in order to see how they generate ideas about war: ontology, creation myths and conceptions about God, the afterlife and end of the world, axiology, praxeology and epistemology.  The research shows that Christian metaphysical assumptions (which many Christians now consider outdated) continue to influence modern ideas about war idea while Hindu metaphysical assumptions tend to influence the kind of non-aggression associated with Gandhi.


title: Soot Optical Diagnostic Development and Application to Turbulent Non-Premixed Buoyant Flames

abstract: This thesis details the development and application of laser-based optical diagnostics capable of measuring soot volume fraction, mean aggregate radius of gyration and primary particle size in turbulent flames. Research focussed on techniques suitable for making instantaneous measurements in turbulent flames, initially investigating a 2D auto-compensating laser-induced incandescence (2D-AC-LII) diagnostic prior to developing a unique combined AC-LII and elastic light scattering (ELS) system, which was used in subsequent experiments. Comprehensive Monte Carlo-based uncertainty analyses performed on each system indicated that the imprecise knowledge of soot properties was the largest source of uncertainty for all measurements. Use of a newly-developed ELS calibration method allowed a reduction in uncertainties resulting from calibration and instrument noise. The AC-LII/ELS technique was applied to turbulent buoyant non-premixed flames relevant to solution gas flares used throughout the upstream energy industry, resulting in several important insights. First, the results demonstrate that decreases in soot volume fraction seen near the flame tip are attributable to increased flame intermittency rather than decreases in soot volume fraction within soot-bearing structures, providing support for a recent suggestion from the literature that this could occur in momentum-dominated flames and further extending it to the buoyancy-dominated flames studied here. Secondly, and contrary to a suggestion in the literature for momentum-dominated flames, the current results indicate that soot-bearing structures oxidize very rapidly or not at all, rather than being preferentially oxidized in structures with low soot volume fraction. Thirdly, soot aggregate size was found to vary linearly with residence time, and trends for a wide range of flames collapsed when residence times were offset to account for implied variations in soot inception height. Finally, considering the large range of flow rates and burner diameters investigated, it is significant that measured quantities among all turbulent buoyant flame conditions were well-correlated when scaled in the axial direction by either flame length or residence time. The body of work presented here has provided new insights into the sooting behaviour of turbulent buoyant non-premixed flames and has made significant contributions to the development of diagnostic tools that will facilitate future investigations in a range of flame configurations.


title: Political ecology of conservation in the 'Alagol, Ulmagol, and Ajigol' glocal wetlands, Turkmen Sahra, northeast Iran

abstract:
A post-structural political ecology approach, and relational thinking of place, space, scale and power, are used to conceptualize Wetlands of International Importance as ‘glocal wetlands’ and to develop an analytical framework to study relevant people-environment interactions. This framework is applied for the analysis of the power-relations affecting the Alagol, Ulmagol, Ajigol (AUA) wetlands in the Turkmen Sahra, Iran, and its Turkmen population. It demonstrates: (A) The Turkmen were knowledgeable stewards of their natural resources, and were active agents in shaping the AUA landscape that
was the source of their livelihoods, and in attracting the biodiversity that led to the AUA being designated as a Ramsar Site. This finding provides a strong basis for acknowledgement of their rights to tenure and access to their ancestral lands, water and natural resources. (B) Nation-state building, territoriality, and control over natural resources are critical political issues. The past and present exercise of state power includes: coercive sedentarization to control the Turkmen and convert them to citizens; exclusionary land use and water policies by the Shahs and the Islamic state;
‘fortress’ conservation facilitated by international conservation organizations and implemented by the Islamic state; and the power geometry of place in the Turkmen Sahra, including citizenship, ethnicity, and minority rights. (C) The approach of the Islamic state and Ramsar Convention Secretariat in interpreting the current AUA landscape as being a successful conservation project, as reflected in the Ramsar’s Advisory Mission Report, was remarkably ahistorical. A major ongoing concern is that the discourse on conservation in Iran has experienced a period of stagnation since the 1979
revolution, with the consequence that the concepts of ‘wise use’ and participatory management have not been adopted. This thesis asserts that employment of the glocal wetlands analytical framework leads to better understanding of Ramsar Sites, in Iran and elsewhere, by providing for the carrying out of place- and context-specific studies and the analysis of hidden power relations that shape wetlands and the topology of place. Such analysis provides a platform for setting realistic policy goals and facilitates decision-making processes that are both ecologically and socially just.