title: The Religious Philosophy of "Johannes Climacus"

contributor:
Robertson, John C.
Widdicombe, Peter J.
Badone, Ellen E.F.
Religious Studies

subject:
religious studies
Religion
Religion

abstract: In this thesis I examine the philosophy of "Johannes Climacus", the pseudonym under whose name Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) wrote Philosophical Fragments (1844) and Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments (1846). I argue that these two works can only be fully understood when they are read as the works of Johannes Climacus rather than his creator, Kierkegaard. It will be shown throughout the thesis that the personality of Climacus and the philosophical positions advanced in his writings inform each other. Besides the personality of Climacus, particular attention is also given to his opposition to Hegelianism. An appreciation of Climacus' thought will be gained through an analysis of his first work, Philosophical Fragments, in which he attempts to demonstrate that the essential features of Christianity, such as transcendence, sin, the incarnation, and faith, are incompatible with a Hegelian world-view.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: In Dubious Battle: Mussolini's Mentalite and Italian Foreign Policy, 1936-1939

contributor:
Cassels, Emeritus Alan
History

subject:
history
WW2
italy
foreign policy
battle
Cultural History
European History
History
Political History
Cultural History

abstract:
This thesis uses newly available archival material from the Arehivio Storieo del Ministero degli Affari Esteri, especially Ciano's Gabinetto, the Foreign Ministry office under which Mussolini and Ciano successively centralized and tightened Fascist control of foreign policy, as well as the Serie Affari PolWei, copies of telegrams from embassies abroad plus the diplomatic traffic sent from the Gabinetto to various embassies. This research represents the most comprehensive archival study to date. It also adds a substantially new interpretive cast to the historical debate. It considers but rejects the writings of recent revisionist Italian historians, especially the late Renzo De Felice and several of his students. Their work inaccurately presents a picture of Italy balanced between England and Germany, hoping to play the role of the 'decisive weight' in European affairs.

This study argues instead that Benito Mussolini was the primary animator of Italian foreign policy during the 1930s. He was a programmatic thinker, whose ultranationalist mentalite included contempt for democracies, Bolshevism in Western Europe, and for the international Masonic order. More seriously, he held profoundly racist, militarist and social Darwinist beliefs, and routinely acted on these impulses. This complex of irrational beliefs led Mussolini to align Italy with Germany to expand the Italian Empire in East and North Africa at the expense ofBritain and France.

From June 1936 to early February 1939, Mussolini clearly tightened Italian ties with Germany. These links allowed the Duce to challenge the Western democracies on a broad number of issues. Although Mussolini hoped to achieve many concessions through a process of alternate intimidation and conciliation, he ultimately knew that he could realize his main territorial goals only through war with France and Britain. Only an alliance with Hitler's Germany offered Mussolini the chance to achieve his grandiose imperial plans, though at the profound risk ofdomination by Germany and military defeat against Britain.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Carpets, Markets and Makers: Culture and Entrepreneurship in the TibetoNepalese Carpet Industry

contributor:
Rodman, William R.
Anthropology

subject: carpet markets makers culture industry Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This dissertation is an ethnography of local entrepreneurship in the TibetoNepalese carpet industry in Kathmandu, Ward 6 (Boudha) and the Jorpati Village Development Committee, Nepal. This industry achieved dramatic growth during the last decade, after European carpet buyers developed with Tibetan refugee exporters a hybrid 'Tibetan' carpet that combined European design with Tibetan weaving technique. As a result, thousands of Tibetan and Nepalese entrepreneurs came to occupy a new economic niche that was a creation of global commercial forces.

This study is an analysis of survey and ethnographic-data from among three hundred carpet manufactories. My primary research consultants were the entrepreneurs (saahu-ji) who operated at a time when the industry was subject to international criticism about the abuse of child labour. Many earlier reports claimed that up to one half of all carpet labourers were children, but I found that by 1995 they were employed only infrequently, as a market downturn placed a premium on skilled weavers. The 'off season', as this market reduction is locally known, and the problem of child labour provides a temporal frame for this analysis.

For a theoretical framework, Pierre Bourdieu's 'economy of practices' is used to interpret the data; in particular, I use the concept of social capital to explore the reproduction of ethnic, regional and kinship-based networks in the carpet weaving labour market. Carpet entrepreneurs view weaving labour as a risky resource that requires socially legitimate expertise to master. Child labour is often thought to be such a resource in developing craft industries, but in this case child labour was more an artifact of European demand than a traditional exploitative practice.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Brentano's Conception of Self

contributor:
Mitscherling, Jeff
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This thesis examines various interpretations of the self in the works of Franz Brentano. Although a clear, well-formulated concept of the self is not part of Brentano' s writings, there exists a thread of consistency between what he considers the self to be for, practically, and what it actually is of- structurally. Thus somewhere between the way we know a self empirically in Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint, and metaphysically in The Theory of Categories, Brentano provides his conception of the self. In examining Brentano's conception of the self and of selfhood, William James' theories provide interesting contrasts and similarities. The two philosophers embarked on a similar path towards a phenomenological concept of the self. The most important difference between Brentano and James revolves around the notion of the self as a substance. Between James' 'how-to know-the-self via experience, and Brentano's 'what-is-the-self-made-of via structure, important philosophical questions about epistemology and metaphysics arise. Can we have an empirical conception of the self while it remains a substantial entity? Today's philosophy has pushed the notion of an empirical self far beyond Brentano's and James' imagination. The question has extended not only to the self as a 'knowable' as a result of its empirical nature as an experiencing thing, but to how it is empirically known. How and with what methods do we interpret experiencing selves today?

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Living the Middle Ground: Four Native Presbyterian Missionaries, 1866- 1912

contributor:
Badone, Ellen E.F.
Religious Studies

subject:
Philosophy
Religion
missionaries
native people

abstract:
This dissertation will examine the motives and intentions of four native men, John Thunder, Peter Hunter, George Flett and John McKay, who participated in the missionary endeavour as native missionaries of the Presbyterian Church in Canada ministering to native people in southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan between 1866 and 1912. In examining the lives and careers of Thunder, Hunter, Flett and McKay, it becomes apparent that their goals and their perception of the missionary role were not necessarily those of the Foreign Mission Committee (FMC), the governing body concerned with the missionary work of the Presbyterian Church in Canada.

The dissertation follows and extends the theoretical framework delineated by historian Richard White (1991), who argues that in cross-cultural encounters a 'middle ground' may emerge, a common, mutually comprehensible world partaking of aspects of all cultures in the contact situation. It will be shown that the two Dakota men, John Thunder and Peter Hunter, used the office of missionary and the symbols of Christianity to communicate their needs to the dominant white society and to achieve their own goals on behalf of the Dakota people. Likewise, the Country-born men, John McKay and George Flett, appropriated the role of missionary in an attempt to maintain the atmosphere of negotiation and accommodation which characterized the middle ground of the Red River Settlement in which they were raised.

In contrast to prevailing views of missions as destructive of native culture and an imposition of the colonial agenda on native life, I demonstrate the various ways in which the missionary endeavour was perceived as valuable by the native people and how, as missionaries, each of these four native men had some degree of influence over the pace, level, and type of adaptation which they and their people would make to white society.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Towards an Understanding of Max Horkheimer

contributor:
Beattie, Catherine
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: Due in large part to the writings of Jurgen Habermas, the philosophy of Max Horkheimer has recently undergone a re-examination. Although numerous thinkers have partaken in this re-examination, much of the discussion has occurred within a framework of debate established by Habermas' narrative of Horkheimer's philosophy. This thesis seeks to broaden that framework through a thorough, critical examination of Habermas' accounts. In chapter one, I survey Habermas' narrative centering on his treatment of the pivotal years in the 1940s. In chapter two, I expand on these years and argue that in contrast to Habermas' assertion that Horkheimer commits a performative contradiction, he instead engages in a logically consistent form of critique. In chapter three I discuss the later writings of Horkheimer and argue that the conception of philosophy contained therein is a continuation of his philosophy of the 1940s. Finally, in the conclusion I point to the implications which the above should have for Horkheimerian studies in general.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Attitudinal Militancy in A Canadian Postal Plant

subject:
labour process
theory
canadian
postal workers
Philosophy
Sociology
Philosophy

abstract:
One tenet of labour process theory is the contention that, when confronted by degraded work, people will resist through militant behaviour or in other ways. However, that "resistance hypothesis" has been tested rarely.

Canadian postal workers have manifested some considerable militancy, for instance through legal and wildcat strikes and through frequent recourse to the grievance mechanism. Too, their work has been subjected to technological change often pointed to as a prime example ofjob degradation. But not all aspects of postal work have been subjected to technological change.

Thus, postal workers constitute a test ofthe "resistance hypothesis:" if degraded work provokes militancy, then ceteris paribus postal workers involved in automated work will be more militant than those who are not.

In this study, a group of postal workers employed in "Cancity" in 1985-6 (N=152) were surveyed regarding their attitudes and experiences. Factor analytic techniques were used to construct a scale of attitudinal militancy, and hierarchical set analysis - summarised using dummy variable path coefficients -- was used to examine the causal links between this outcome and logically prior factors, including job degradation, employment history, and achieved and ascribed statuses including sex.

The results indicate that job degradation does have an impact on attitudinal militancy, but that this impact is modest at best, and weakens as other influences are taken into account.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Freedom and Artistic Creativity in Kant

contributor:
Ajzenstat, S.
Philosophy

subject:
philosophy
freedom
kant
creativity
art
Art and Design
Philosophy
Art and Design

abstract:
The notion of artistic creativity has become so commonplace in our thought that the only question remaining, it seems, is whether anyone (or everyone) other than the artist is capable of being creative. Even noting that this notion, used in the sense that we tend so readily to accept, is no more than two hundred years old, is unlikely to prevent the raising of at least one eyebrow at the suggestion that the idea is not as unproblematic as it might at first appear. The purpose of this thesis is to revitalize the belief in human creativity by returning to its primary philosophical source: Immanuel Kant.

By doing this, I hope to revive at least the possibility of serious philosophical debate on an issue that is now either accepted as a closed case (as it typically is by aestheticians), or dismissed as an insufficiently philosophical topic (as is often done by non-aestheticians). In fact, the belief of human creativity as we now know it is ultimately the result of an enormous metaphysical and epistemological effort by Kant to preserve the possibility of moral freedom. Losing this historical context has caused 'creativity' to lose its philosophical bite. Regaining this context -- the essence of the current project -- should force us to think seriously again about a problem that opens out, not merely on major issues in aesthetics, but on the major philosophical tide of the past two hundred years.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: So is There a Place for Morality? A Defence of Jilrgen Habermas's Discourse Ethics.

contributor:
Boetzkes, Elisabeth
Philosophy

subject:
mortality
Jurgen Habermas
ethics
Philosophy
Philosophy

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to offer a defence of Jlirgen Habermas's discourse ethics against rival ethical theories that are oriented toward questions of the good life. Habermas's discourse ethics is founded on the Kantian distinction between the right and good. This distinction has come under fire from hermeneutically informed theorists, such as Georgia Warnke and Charles Taylor, as being either unattainable and unnecessary (Warnke), or contradictory as it must rely on the cultural contextuality in which it is formed (Taylor). But since Habermas's discourse ethics is discursive in nature and founded on the structural pragmatics of language use, it is able to effectively answer both Warnke's and Taylor's concerns. I attempt to prove this by showing that Habermas grounds discourse ethics through linking it with the perspective in which participants partake in actual discourse; thus providing a quasi-contextual basis, while it still remains Kantian in nature, as its scope and function is cognitive, universal and formal.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Significance of the Unity of Nature and History in Wolfhart Pannenberg's Theological Foundation for Ethics

contributor:
Kroeker, Travis P.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This dissertation is focused on the German theologian, Wolfhart Pannenberg's (b. 1928) systematic attempt to think of nature (the physical world) and history (especially the activities of human culture) as a unity. I argue that Pannenberg, through the idea of the image of God, has not only placed human culture at the center of natural history, but has taken the non-human world into history. Human existence is understood as sharing a common destiny in interdependence with the non-human world.

I attempt to show that it is especially through the doctrines of creation and Christology that Pannenberg seeks to ground the unity of the process of reality. I also argue that Pannenberg understands human openness in terms of a fundamental relationship to God. I try to show that Pannenberg conceives of creatures as destined to participate in the divine life of love. Participation in divine love entails loving the world.

entails loving the world. The intention of this analysis of Pannenberg's thought is to argue that his conception of the unity of reality, which is based on divine love, provides a theological foundation for ecologically conscious ethics. Little work has been done on Pannenberg's foundation for ethics. Pannenberg himself has not explicitly outlined the possible contribution of his thought to the problem of ecological ethics.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Anthropomorphism and Anthropocentrism in the Cosmological Enterprise

contributor:
Najm, S.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: The question raised in this thesis is whether it is appropriate to criticize a cosmological theory for being anthropomorphic or anthropocentric. I answer this question through a discussion of Philo's analysis of anthropomorphism as found in David Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. Philo's analysis, however, is not limited to anthropomorphism and he also presents a major challenge to cosmology in general. I use Philo's comments on cosmology to assess modern anthropocentric theories. The concluding section of the thesis deals with Philo's opposition to cosmology and shows how anthropomorphic and anthropocentric viewpoints can still be included in cosmology.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Science, Myth And Ritual: Ideas On Changing One's Reality

contributor:
Bristol, John
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
The aim of this work is to bring into play views from various disciplines in order to support the claim that we can change our realities.

The shift from classical to quantum physics shows that reality, even within the scientific framework, the specific paradigm with which it is subject to is approached, and as such, the reality it lays claim to is not absolute, but rather, relative to an interpretive framework.

Coupled with Kuhn's ideas on scientific revolutions, and Feyerabend's claim that epistemological anarchy is a requisite for expanding our knowledge of the world, the discussion of science points to the view that the reality we believe to exist is dependent upon our view of it, and is, therefore, subject to change.

Studies of symbol and myth are employed as supporting frameworks which show that we create and maintain our realities.

Symbol is that which we use to point to, hold on to, and maintain a specific interpretation of an aspect of the world. Myths, and in turn models, are the formalized patternings or frameworks bringing symbols into a unified and coherent picture of the world.

The final step of this work is to show one methodology for changing our lived world.

Ritual, by deleting or replacing symbols, or by changing the patterns of interconnections between symbols or the connotations of the symbols themselves, effect changes to the extent that one can be brought into a new and different world.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Art and the Representation of Mind

contributor:
Noxon, James
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
The dissertation is an attempt to understand the inner structure of aesthetic experience in terms of the theory of mind developed in the psychoanalytic writings of Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein, and an examination of the way in which the psychoanalytic insights inform the aesthetic constructed in the work of Adrian Stokes.

There are three stages in the discussion. In Part One, 'Art and Early Freudian Theory', Freud's theories of neurosis, dream and the joke are considered. It is argued (a) that aesthetic views commonly associated with the theories of neurosis and dream frequently misrepresent Freud and, moreover, are not in themselves of the first importance; (b) that Freud's theory of the joke is the most apt focus for aesthetic discussion; but (c) that the picture of the mind on which the theory of the joke depends stands in need of elaboration and refinement.

In Part Two, 'The Picture of the Inner World', Freud's later writings and the Kleinian modifications of Freud's views are considered against the background of discussions in Part One with the purpose of identifying a theory of mind which offers greater resource in the understanding of aesthetic experience. Attention is directed particularly to revised ideas about the unconscious, about the ego and its activities, and about phantasy and phantasy-forming.

In Part Three, 'The Aesthetic of Adrian Stokes', the aesthetic which emerges in Stokes's writings is examined with special reference to the psychoanalytic background. It is argued that Stokes's early writings, until 1951, introduce the frame of an aesthetic which is further elaborated and enriched in subsequent writings which make explicit use of Freudian and Kleinian material.

The dissertation is introduced with a Prologue which (a) provides a general intellectual mise-en-scene for the enterprise; (b) declares the assumptions and aims which are considered appropriate in the understanding of aesthetic experience; and (c) reviews some of the focal points of the argument.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Thermal Conductivity of Low Conductivity Solids - A Transient Method Using Spherical Geometry

contributor:
Hamielec, A. E.
Hoffman, T. W.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Effective interactions derived from realistic forces in Nuclear Matter

contributor:
L., D. W.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THE IMPACT OF A CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE GENETIC RISK SCORE ON MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RISK IN A MULTI-ETHNIC POPULATION: AN INTERHEART STUDY

contributor:
Anand, Sonia
Pare, Guillaume
Yusuf, Salim
Health Research Methodology

subject:
coronary artery disease
myocardial infarction
genetics
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases

abstract:
Background: Genome wide association studies (GWAS) performed in Caucasian populations have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), although their cumulative impact in other ethnicities is unknown. Using a genetic risk score (GRS), we examined the impact of CAD related SNPs on myocardial infarction (MI) in a multi-ethnic population.

Methods: We included 4083 MI cases and 4473 controls from the INTERHEART case: control study, stratified by six ethnic groups: European, South Asian, other Asian, Arab, Latin American, and African. We created a GRS comprised of 25 SNPS, and tested its association with MI in individual ethnicities using logistic regression, and across ethnic groups through meta-analyses. Results were adjusted for age, sex, and modifiable risk factors.

Results: The GRS was significantly associated with MI in Europeans (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.12 per risk allele), South Asians (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.14), other Asians (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.15), and Arabs (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.12). In Latin Americans and Africans the GRS was not significant. Meta-analysis of ethnic groups demonstrated a 1.06 (95% CI 1.03-1.09) increase in the odds of MI with the GRS per risk allele. Significant heterogeneity was observed, which was reduced by exclusion of Latin Americans (I2=63% to 0%). Above clinical risk factors, the GRS modestly increased population attributable risk (PAR) (0.92 to 0.94), concordance statistic (0.73 to 0.74), net reclassification improvement (0.14), and integrated discriminatory improvement (0.007).

Conclusions: The GRS was associated with a significant increase in the odds of MI in multiple ethnic groups. Improvements in PAR, discrimination and reclassification were modest above clinical factors.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: EXPLORING CLIENT-CENTRED CARE EXPERIENCES IN ADULT REHABILITATION SETTINGS: HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS’, PATIENTS’, AND THEIR FAMILIES’ EXPERIENCES

contributor:
Rosenbaum, Peter
Wilkins, Seanne
Stratford, Paul
Rehabilitation Science

subject: Family-centered; client-centered care; theory; rehabilitation; service evaluation

subject: Health Services Research

subject: Other Rehabilitation and Therapy

subject: Health Services Research

abstract:
Introduction: Client-Centred Care (CCC) is emerging as a best practice in health care organizations around the world. Partnerships between patient, family, and health professionals in planning and delivery of health care services are known to improve outcomes and satisfaction with care. Studies report lack of understanding of the elements involved in creating this partnership, and identify the need for valid and reliable measures of client-centredness for adults

Objectives: 1) To explore the historical evolution and current state of CCC as these were used in adult health care settings; 2) to evaluate the performance of the adapted MPOC for Adults (MPOC-A) and MPOC-SP (A) as measures of client-centredness from the perspectives of adult clients and their HCPs, respectively; and 3) to develop an in-depth understanding of health professionals’ and clients’ experiences of engaging in CCC.

Methods: A narrative review was completed to explore the development and conceptualization of CCC. Two validation studies looked at psychometric properties of the Measure of Processes of Care for Adults (MPOC-A) in orthopedic surgery and in-patient neurological rehabilitation settings, and the Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers working with Adults (MPOC-SP (A)) in in-patient neurological rehabilitation programs. A qualitative study using Grounded Theory methodology explored experiences of CCC, barriers, and supports to developing successful partnerships from patients’, families’, and health care professionals’ perspectives.

Results: The narrative review presented theoretical conceptualizations and definitions of CCC and identified areas that needed further development, e.g., clinical implementation of CCC principles into adult health care, development of valid and reliable outcome measures for adult clients, etc. In the validation studies, good to excellent internal consistency and moderate to good correlations between domains supported internal reliability of the tools. Results of confirmatory factor analysis of MPOC-SP (A) supported the original multi-dimensional structure of the tool.

Being on common ground was the main category identified by both clients and HCPs in the qualitative study. All participants repeatedly highlighted the importance of good communication and information flow among all the parties.

Conclusions: The MPOC-A and MPOC-SP (A) will be useful in assisting with program evaluation and quality control. The qualitative components of this study will help to improve our understanding of attributes of programs and health professionals that clients consider important for good quality care, and will provide some practical recommendations for clinicians on implementation of CCC into practice.

abstract: Doctor of Rehabilitation (RhD)


title: BIOMETRIC-BASED CARBON ESTIMATES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS WITHIN AN AGE-SEQUENCE OF TEMPERATE FORESTS

contributor:
Arain, M. Altaf
Earth and Environmental Sciences

subject:
biometric
carbon
temperate
forests
eddy covariance
age sequence
Climate
Other Earth Sciences
Other Environmental Sciences
Climate

abstract: Understanding the response of forest carbon uptake and growth to interannual climate variability and forest management practices is important, given the large quantity of carbon stored in forests, and their significant role in the global carbon cycle. Since 2004, biometric and micrometeorological measurements were taken in an age-sequence (10-, 38- and 73-years-old as of 2012) of white pine (Pinus strobes L.) plantation forests in southern Ontario, Canada, providing an 8 year record of carbon sequestration, growth and climate. The 73-year old conifer site was thinned in early 2012, where 25% of trees were removed to improve light and water dynamics of this stand, providing an opportunity to study the impacts of thinning on its carbon cycle. Additionally, in 2012, similar biometric and micrometeorological measurements were initiated in a naturally-regenerated, managed 80-year-old deciduous (Carolinian) forest, located in close proximity to the pine stands. Similar to the conifer sites, the deciduous site is also a managed forest. The objectives of this study were to determine differences in carbon pools and carbon sequestration capacity: (a) across an age-sequence of afforested, managed conifer stands; (b) between similarly-aged managed coniferous and deciduous stands; and (c) in a mature conifer plantation before and after a thinning event. Results show that carbon assimilated in the stem of mature white pine trees follows a linear growth trend, while that of young white pines shows an exponential increase in carbon assimilation over the course of this study. Overall, carbon sequestration increased with stand age across the age-sequence, except when disturbed by an event such as thinning. Thinning substantially reduced the live aboveground carbon pool (by 14%), while increasing woody debris (by 122%) due to logging residue left on-site. Comparison between the mature coniferous and deciduous stands, showed that total aboveground carbon storage within the pine stand (144 t C/ha) was generally higher than in the oak-dominated deciduous stand (83 t C/ha), despite both growing in similar soil and climate. While monthly tree growth exhibited a positive correlation with mean monthly temperature across all sites, tree growth negatively correlated with precipitation at the 10-year old white pine and 80-year old deciduous sites and no apparent correlation existed at the 73- and 38-year old sites. At the three coniferous stands, total annual net primary productivity (NPP) exhibited no correlation with mean growing season temperature or precipitation. This suggested that tree growth in young coniferous stands could be as sensitive as that of mature deciduous stands to precipitation. However, overall NPP seemed to be less sensitive to climatic variables across these stands, irrespective of their age and NPP may be driven more by stand physiology. Finally, eddy covariance and biometric estimations of NPP and NEP were compared, and results showed that although some growth trends do compare between the two techniques, magnitude discrepancies do exist and should be studied further. Results from this study will be informative to forest managers, forest conservationists and those interested in forest carbon sequestration.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: NUTRITIONAL AND CONTRACTILE REGULATION OF HUMAN MUSCLE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: ROLE OF LEUCINE AND CITRULLINE

contributor:
Phillips, Stuart M
Kinesiology

subject:
muscle protein synthesis
leucine
resistance exercise
citrulline
stable isotope tracers
amino acids
Kinesiology
Kinesiology

abstract:
Amino acids are key nutritional stimuli that are both substrate for muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and signaling molecules that regulate the translational machinery. There is a dose-dependent relationship between protein intake and MPS that differs between young and elderly subjects. The current thesis contains results from three separate studies that were conducted to examine to potential to enhance smaller doses of protein, known to be suboptimal in their capacity to stimulate MPS, through supplementation with specific amino acids, namely leucine and citrulline.

The first two studies examined the potential to enhance the muscle protein synthetic capacity of a smaller, suboptimal dose of whey protein with leucine. In study one, we concluded that leucine supplementation of a suboptimal dose of protein could render it as effective at enhancing rates of MPS as ~four times as much protein (25 g) under resting conditions, but not following resistance exercise. In study two, we examined the potential of leucine and branched-chain amino acids to enhance the MPS response of a suboptimal dose of protein within the context of mixed macronutrient ingestion. We concluded that supplementation with a relatively high dose of leucine could render it as effective at enhancing MPS rates as ~four times as much protein (25 g) under both resting and post-exercise conditions.

In study three, we examined the potential of citrulline supplementation to enhance blood flow, microvascular circulation, and MPS in response to a suboptimal dose of whey protein in elderly subjects. We concluded that supplementation of a suboptimal dose of protein with citrulline did not augment bulk blood flow or muscle microvascular circulation. The major findings from the works presented in this thesis is that smaller doses of protein that normally elicit a suboptimal increase in MPS can be made more anabolic when supplemented with specific amino acids.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Relations between the Diffusion of Innovations and Urban Growth

contributor:
Webber, M.J.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Interest in the processes of urban growth and innovation diffusion has not been restricted to geography, but has proliferated through related disciplines such as economics, sociology and regional science. However, it can be said that, both inside and outside geography, little in the way of detailed attention has been focussed upon the interface between the two processes; that is, the relations between innovation diffusion and urban growth. In this thesis, several aspects of these relations are examined.

The greater part of the analysis carried out in this utilises hypothetical data, although real data for one diffusion process (Planned Regional Shopping Centres in Canada) are used in an attempt to ascertain the general viability of the spatial diffusion model as an integral part of an innovation - based growth model. The use of hypothetical data in the greater part of the analysis not only simplifies the analysis but also allows a degree of experimentation that would not be possible given the constraints often imposed upon the researcher by (real) data availability.

A spatial diffusion model is developed. In contrast to other spatial diffusion models, this model follows the diffusion of what is termed the 'general innovation', and its results are not specific to the diffusion of one innovation or group of innovations. Consequently, the model is able, both conceptually and practically, to take into account the diffusion of many innovations, whose origin may not be the same, within the same system of cities over the same time period. Summary measures upon the general diffusion process are developed, and the diffusion process is simulated within hypothetical systems of cities with different parameters. Variation in the summary measures on the general diffusion process is shown to be an identifiable function of variation in the parameters of the system of cities in which diffusion occurs. This ability to comprehensively link the form of the diffusion process to that of the space in which diffusion occurs is an important contribution to existing knowledge of diffusion processes.

If the adoption of innovations by cities is equated with growth, or with growth at some rate above system norms, variation in the growth pattern for a system of cities can be intuitively linked to variation in the diffusion process within that system. To establish this relationship more precisely, a simple growth model using the results of the spatial diffusion model as input is developed, and the growth patterns produced in a hypothetical system of cities under different conditions observed. It is seen that several of these growth patterns resemble closely those identified for several real systems of cities over some time periods, which indicates that innovation may indeed provide a reasonable basis for modelling growth within a system of cities. The simple growth model is dynamic because diffusion influences urban growth and urban growth influences diffusion.

This research does not pretend to offer a solution to the urban growth problem. However, it does investigate some of the spatial properties of systems of cities, properties largely ignored in many other approaches to the urban growth problem, and the possible implications of these properties for urban growth.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: CYB5D2 Possesses Tumour Suppressing Activities

contributor:
Tang, Damu
Darren Bridgewater, PingChang Yang
Medical Sciences

subject:
CYB5D2
tumour suppressor
renal cell carcinoma
cervical cancer
Genetics
Genetics

abstract:
Loss of chromosome 17p is frequently observed in various cancers. One of the most commonly mutated targets p53 is on chromosome 17p13.1. However, studies have also reported loss of the 17p13.2 region in breast and medulloblastoma, thereby suggesting the residence of potential tumour suppressors in 17p13.2. Cytochrome b5 domain containing 2 (CYB5D2) is located on 17p13.2 implying CYB5D2 being a candidate tumour suppressor. CYB5D2 (neuferricin) belongs to the family of membrane associated progesterone receptors (MAPR). The archetypal member of the family, progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), has been shown to play a role in domains independently of its function in mediating progesterone signalling. Consistent with this, CYB5D2 was reported to promote neurogenesis and inhibit the proliferation of Neuro2a cells. However, its role in tumorigenesis remains unknown.

To investigate the role of CYB5D2 in tumorigenesis, western blot analysis was performed on 20 matched clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) and the adjacent non-tumour kidney (ANK) tissues; significant down-regulation of CYB5D2 was demonstrated in ccRCC in comparison to ANK tissues, an observation that was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of 9 pairs of ccRCC-ANK tissues. Ectopic expression of CYB5D2 inhibited the proliferation and the invasion of A498 ccRCC along with the inhibition of AKT activation. Collectively, the above results support the possibility of CYB5D2 being a potential tumour suppressor.

In support of the results obtained in ccRCC, we were able to show a significant reduction of CYB5D2 in cervical squamous carcinoma compared to normal cervical tissues in our analysis of CYB5D2 expression in 35 cervical squamous tumours. In vitro, overexpression and knockdown of CYB5D2 inhibited and enhanced the invasion of HeLa cells, respectively. As a member of the MAPR family, CYB5D2 contains the signature motif of the family, the cytochrome b5 (cyt-b5) like heme/steroid binding domain. This domain is known for heme binding and research in our laboratory has shown the residue D86 being critical for heme association. Ssubstitution of D86 with G (D86G) abolished not only CYB5D2's ability to bind heme but also its capacity of inhibiting HeLa cell invasion. Taken together, we provide evidence that CYB5D2 possesses activities in suppressing tumorigenesis, at least for the tumorigenesis of ccRCC and cervical squamous carcinoma.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Study of Passive Optical Network (PON) System and Devices

contributor:
Huang, Wei-Ping
Li, Xun
Kumar, Shiva
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject: Passive optical network (PON)

subject: polarization beam splitter (PBS)

subject: form birefringence

subject: mode partition noise (MPN)

subject: Fabry-Perot (FP) laser diode

subject: Electromagnetics and photonics

subject: Electromagnetics and photonics

abstract:
The fiber-to-the-x (FTTX) has been widely investigated as a leading access technology to meet the ever growing demand for bandwidth in the last mile. The passive optical network (PON) provides a cost-effective and durable solution. In this thesis, we investigate different aspects of the PON, in the search for cost-effective and high-performance designs of link system and devices.

In Chapter 2, we propose a novel upstream link scheme for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OOFDM)-PON. The colorless laser diodes are used at the optical network units (ONUs), and the overlapped channel spectrum of orthogonal subcarrier multiplexing provides high spectral efficiency. At the optical line terminal (OLT), optical switch and all optical fast Fourier transform (OFFT) are adopted for high speed demultiplexing. The deterioration caused by the laser perturbation is also investigated.

In Chapter 3, we design a novel polarization beam splitter (PBS), which is one of the most important components in polarization-controlled optical systems, e.g. the next-generation PON utilizing polarization multiplexing. Our PBS is built on a slab waveguide platform where the light is vertically confined. Planar lenses are formed to collimate and refocus light beam by converting the phase front of the beam. A planar subwavelength grating of a wedge shape induces the form birefringence, where the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves have different effective refractive indices, and are steered to distinct directions. This design provides low insertion loss (< 0.9 dB) and low crosstalk (< -30 dB) for a bandwidth of 100 nm in a compact size, and can be realized by different material systems for easy fabrication and/or monolithic integration with other optical components.

In Chapter 4, we study the mode partition noise (MPN) characteristics of the Fabry-Perot (FP) laser diode using the time-domain simulation of noise-driven multi-mode laser rate equation. FP laser is cheaper than the widely used distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode in PON, but its MPN is the major limiting factor in an optical transmission system. We calculate the probability density functions for each longitudinal mode. We also investigate the k-factor, which is a simple yet important measure of MPN. The sources of the k-factor are studied with simulation, including the intrinsic source of the laser Langevin noise, and the extrinsic source of the bit pattern.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Kingly Speech in the Mahābhārata.

contributor:
Granoff, Phyllis
Religious Studies

subject:
King Dharma
brahmin
Mahābhārata
Religion
Religion

abstract:
The thesis examines the speech of Yudhiṣṭhira and questions his status as King Dhanna and a speaker of truth. I argue that Yudhiṣṭhira has the same ability with speech as an inspired brahmin. Through an exploration of inspired brahminical speech in the Mahābhārata, I argue that brahmins have a special relationship to truth. I also present evidence that the sign of a truthful and inspired speaker is his or her eloquence: an eloquent speaker is considered to be a truthful speaker in the Mahābhārata. Yudhiṣṭhira has eloquent speech and this leads characters in the Epic to assume that he is truthful. There is, however, evidence that questions his apparent allegiance to the truth, especially if Yudhiṣṭhira's use of speech is examined.

The thesis, with its focus on speech, presents a unique way to read the Epic and evaluate kingship. An examination of speech and kingship in the Epic is one that is largely overlooked by scholars. The thesis demonstrates that a reading of Yudhiṣṭhira which examines his ability and use of speech uncovers a more complex characterization of the king and points towards his use of deceit well before the beginning of the Mahabharata war. The thesis also demonstrates that a portion of the Epic encourages a close examination of the speech of kings, especially Yudhiṣṭhira's speech. The thesis argues that through the Mahabharata' s presentation of speech the Epic subtly encourages the use of deceit and guises by kings to attain their worldly ends.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An Evaluation of the Utility of a Hybrid Objective Structured Clinical Examination for the use of Assessing Residents Enrolled in McMaster University's Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program

contributor:
Dore, Kelly
Health Research Methodology

subject:
OSCE
reliability
validity
education
assessment
Medical Education
Medical Education

abstract: Introduction: McMaster University’s orthopaedic surgery residency program implemented the OSCE as an assessment tool in 2010; this study evaluates the first four OSCEs administered to residents. The OSCEs were composed of knowledge-testing stations, which are normally not included in this testing format, and performance-testing stations. Recruiting enough faculty evaluators challenged the ability to feasibly implement this examination format. Knowledge-testing stations were incorporated since they do not require evaluators to be present. Reliability was assessed, and the correlation between knowledge-testing station scores and performance-testing station scores was determined. The ability of the OSCE to discriminate between residents in different post-graduate years (PGYs) was assessed. Residents’ acceptability of the OSCE was also assessed. Methods: Reliability was assessed using generalizability theory. The correlation of knowledge-testing and performance-testing station scores was measured with Pearson’s r. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyze whether the OSCE can discriminate between residents in different PGYs. An exit survey was administrated after each OSCE to assess acceptability. Results: The generalizability estimates of each OSCE ranged from 0.71 to 0.87. The disattenuated correlation between knowledge- and performance-testing stations for senior residents was 1.00, and 0.89 for junior residents. A significant effect of year of residency was found for the October 2010 OSCE in the ANOVA (F(1,30) = 11.027, p = 0.005), but the remaining OSCEs did not replicate this finding. In general, residents felt that they were able to present an accurate portrayal of themselves in the OSCEs and that the examination covered appropriate topics. Discussion: The OSCEs were reliable and acceptable to residents. The high correlations between knowledge- and performance-testing station scores suggest that the examination can be made more feasible by including knowledge-testing stations. The small sample sizes made significant differences difficult to detect between levels of training, resulting in inconclusive evidence for this construct validation measure.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Critique of Assimilative Moral Realism

contributor:
Vorobej, Mark
Philosophy

subject:
Moral realism
ethics
metaphysics
Metaphysics
Philosophy
Metaphysics

abstract: David Brink, in his book Moral Realism and the Foundations of Ethics, and other writers, have recently offered powerful new arguments for a form of moral realism that sees moral inquiry as being "on par" with scientific inquiry in many important epistemological and metaphysical respects. I call this theory "Assimilative Moral Realism" (AMR). AMR is marked by naturalism about moral facts, and by empiricism about moral knowledge. Moral facts are held to be facts about properties that are constituted by, and supervene upon, complexes of ordinary natural and social properties, just as certain scientific facts are facts about the macrophysical properties that are realized by certain microphysical bases. Moral beliefs are held to be justifiable in the way certain scientific beliefs ostensibly are: via certain explanatory inferences and indirect empirical tests of moral principles. Further, traditional semantical objections to naturalistic moral realism can be avoided, it is supposed, because semantical tests for the existence of moral facts can plausibly be rejected, just as they can be in the scientific case. In this thesis, I make a case for rejecting this assimilative theory. I provide a number of technical reasons to suppose that moral principles cannot be tested empirically using the Duhemian method advocated by AMR theorists. I also give a critique of their main arguments for the relevance and indispensability of assumptions about moral facts to explanations of moral judgments and other items, and conclude that their arguments establish neither the explanatory relevance nor necessity of moral assumptions. Finally, in place of the AMR theory of supervening moral properties, I offer an account of moral supervenience claims - an account that is itself compatible with AMR only if there are sound moral explanations of certain nonmoral facts.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Defense of Theism in Schubert Ogden and Hans Kang

contributor:
Robertson, John C.
Religious Studies

subject:
Religious Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract:
In this thesis I examine the responses given by Hans Küng and Schubert Ogden to the "problem of God", or the question of whether there is an objectively existing divine reality. Küng and Ogden employ the "transcendental method" in their defenses of theism in as much as they argue that belief in God is the condition for rationally maintaining the attitude of trust or confidence. Belief in God is realized in the context of the conviction, opposing nihilism, that life is worthwhile and opens up possibilities for fruitful existence (Küng) or that what one does really matters (Ogden). Reflective faith in God has the function of articulating this more basic faith, expressing in concrete terms the rational ground or basis for trust, and providing reassurance.

Despite their similarities, I found that there exist some significant differences between the positions of Küng and Ogden. In particular, it seems to me that Küng develops the idea of trust in a more positive way than does Ogden, in that he speaks of trust as a conscious and reflective reaction to the world. Consequently Küng presents a deeper understanding of faith in God by describing it in terms of answering the question about the uncertainty of reality--"Why is there anything at all and not nothing?".

A number of critical questions may be put to Küng and Ogden. I will argue that they have failed to provide an adequate connection between the idea of a "ground or basis for trust" and "God", an identification on which their defenses of theism depend. I conclude that the phenomenon of "trust" or "confidence" would more rationally be given a secular understanding, and that Küng and Ogden indirectly help to make the case for atheism rather than theism.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis for Binary Outcome: A Simulation Study

contributor:
Beyene, Joseph
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
Network meta-analysis
multiple treatment comparisons
network geometry

abstract:
Meta-analysis is a method of synthesizing results of different studies conducted to answer a specific question. Meta-analysis applications have been published in a wide range of disciplines including medicine, education, psychology and many others. However, for many years, only pair-wise and direct comparisons have been made using standard meta-analysis methods. It is only recently that network meta-analysis emerged enabling the comparison of multiple treatments based on estimates from different studies. With network meta-analysis, the relative efficacy (or safety) of a particular intervention versus competing interventions can be obtained even in the absence of head-to-head evidence via a common comparator.

An increasing number of methodologies related to network meta-analysis, assessments of underlying assumptions, and strategies for presentation of results have been proposed by several researchers. But only few simulation studies have been done to investigate different characteristics of this emerging statistical method. Hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis model is commonly used in network meta-analysis to estimate effect of each intervention relative to every other. This model facilitates the calculation of the rank probabilities of a set of alternative treatments. However, various factors can determine the performance of the model which needs to be considered before using results for decision.

This project aimed to investigate how the Bayesian hierarchical model estimates the rank probability of the best overall most effective treatment (i.e., the treatment ranked first) under different scenarios for modelling a binary outcome. Different network geometries, numbers of studies per comparison, sets of probabilities of success for treatments and sample sizes were investigated in our simulation study for binary outcome.

Our simulation study showed that the estimates of treatments under consideration can be affected by network structures. Similar geometries affect the estimate in similar ways. Unbalanced number of studies per comparison influenced estimates of treatments in the geometries we considered. When a superior treatment is involved in the network, the hierarchical Bayesian mixed treatment model correctly identified it regardless of network patterns, number of studies and individual study sample size.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Study of The Tarsklan Hierarchy of Languages

contributor:
Griffin, Nicholas
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: Alfred Tarski 's formulation of the hierarchy of languages was intended to prevent semantic paradoxes from occurring in a formal language, and thus to preserve consistency. This thesis attempts to explain how Tarski accomplishes this, and to identify logical problems which occur in the hierarchy. Chapter one outlines the parameters of study. Chapter two outlines a simple version of the hierarchy of languages. Chapter three provides an exegesis of 'The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages', explaining the notion of "essential richness", which is central to understanding how paradoxes are avoided by Tarski. Chapter four introduces problems relating to infinite regress, and a direct, general definition of truth is presented using Tarski's own notation. Questions relating to expressibility and proving consistency are addressed in chapter five. In the appendix, a weakness in Tarski's attempt to reduce semantic concepts to non-semantic concepts is shown using his own definitions and notation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Understanding a work of Art through play and agreement: A Study of Garamer's Central Notions for Understanding a work of Art

contributor:
Madison, G.B.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
This thesis is devoted to a study of Gadamer's work on play and truth. I shall begin with an analysis of Gadamer's notion of play. Since it is presumptuous on my part to assume that I could possibly give an all-inclusive account of Gadamer's notion of play, I shall at this point inform my reader that I cannot help but discuss play in a particular spotlight, highlighting certain aspects which are relevant for the next phase of my thesis. Upon the completion of my exposition of Gadamer's play, I shall then discuss the feature of agreement in Gadamer's notion of truth. After describing Gadamer's notion of play in agreement, I shall then introduce Mary Devereaux's work on Gadamer to my discussion.

Upon the entrance of Devereaux, I shall offer a brief outline of Devereaux's interpretation of Gadamer. In discussing her position, I intend to identify Devereaux's misinterpretation of Gadamer's own stance. Through the course of my analysis, it will become clear how Devereaux has gravely misinterpreted Gadamer's notion of agreement and how she has not, therefore, taken into account the full implications of Gadamer's notions of play and truth.

After dealing with Devereaux's misunderstanding of Gadamer's work on agreement, I shall insist that Devereaux's interpretation arises out of a lack of attention to the subject of play. It will be shown that what Devereaux is talking about is more akin to a 'consensus' than to an 'agreement'. To illustrate this, however, I must draw the necessary distinction(s) between these two concepts.

My purpose in this thesis is to clearly outline Gadamer's notion of agreement in truth and, consequently, this task requires me to defend Gadamer from an interpretation such as Devereaux's. However, if one might still ask, 'if Devereaux's work is such a painful misinterpretation, then why bother to use it in a thesis?', my reply would be: 'I am using Devereaux's work simply because it offers itself as an opportunity where a necessary distinction between agreement and consensus must be constructed and, further, 1 find that Devereaux's own pessimistic and cynical position - born from the failure to draw such a clear and important distinction - is an unfortunate result of a view which disregards the highly significant role of play in interpretation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Solution Polymerization of Acrylamide to High Conversion

contributor:
Hamielec, A.E.
Chemical Engineering

abstract: This thesis reports an experimental investigation of the free radical polymerization of acrylamide in water (Part I) and the development of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) technology for the measurement of molecular weight distribution and conversion (Part II). The aim of Part I was to develop a kinetic model for the polymerization capable of predicting conversion and molecular weight distribution up to high conversion with the production of polymer of number-average molecule weight over one million. The aim of Part II was to develop numerical techniques required for instrumental spreading correction in GPC data interpretation. A further aim was to experimentally investigate the feasibility of molecular weight distribution and conversion analysis of polyacrylamide in aqueous carrier solvent.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Numerical Analysis of Structural Masonry

contributor:
Pietruszczak, S.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
This thesis presents a comprehensive approach to numerical modelling of the nonlinear behaviour of structural masonry. Masonry is a heterogenous material, which displays orthotropic symmetry. The anisotropy effects are described here by incorporating a set of distribution functions specifying the directional dependence of material properties.

In the first part, a macroscopic failure criterion for structural masonry is proposed. This criterion is derived within the framework of the critical plane approach. First, a general discussion is provided examining the performance of this framework within the context of both classical linear and nonlinear criteria. Subsequently, a bi-linear form of failure criterion for strucutral masonry is proposed. Extensive numerical study is performed examining the behaviour in biaxial compression-tension and compression-compression regimes for different orientations of the sample relative to the loading direction. The results are compared with the available experimental data.

In the next part, the results of a 3D seismic analysis of the masonry walls of a power substation building - typical of those constructed in the elastic range, assuming orthotropic material properties, and the admissibility of the stress field is assessed based on the proposed failure criterion. A numerical study is performed examining the effect of different reinforcement strategies.

The focus of the last part of this thesis is on the description of progressive failure in structural masonry. A continuum formulation is developed here which is applicable to a representative volume comprised of a large number of units interspersed by mortar joints. The framework defining the conditions at failure when employing the critical plane approach is extended to model the inelastic deformation process. This is accomplised by incorporating a multi-laminate approach in which the average response is derived from sliding/separation characteristics along a set of randomly distributed planes. The localized deformation is descrived by considering a structured medium comprising the intact masonry intercepted by a distinct macrocrack. Extensive numerical simulations are performed examining the response of brickwork in compression/tension regimes at different orientations of the bed joints relative to the loading direction. A boundary-value problem which involves an inelastic finite element analysis of a bearing masonry wall subjected to in-plane loading is also studied.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Jurgen Habermas: Discourse Ethics and the Development of a Contemporary Christian Ethic

contributor:
Richardson, Kurt A.
Divinity College

subject:
Divinity College
Christianity
Christianity

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the reader to the person and work of social philosopher and social theorist Jürgen Habermas. It introduces pertinent aspects of Habermas's biography, and surveys a portion of his library of writings. It then explains Habermas's communication theory, specifically his theory of communicative action. Then, Habermas's theory of discourse ethics is introduced and explicated. This thesis culminates with an examination of the appropriateness and applicability of Habermas's theory of discourse ethics for the development of a contemporary Christian ethic.

abstract: Master of Divinity (M.Div)


title: The Concept of Universality Gadamer's Theory of Hermeneutics

contributor:
Kroeker, Travis P.
Religious Studies

subject:
Religious Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract: Hans-Georg Gadamer's contribution to the philosophical discipline of hermeneutics is clearly acknowledged and has been reflected upon at length, particularly following his publication of Wahrheit und Methode in 1960. However, far less attention has been given to his contributions to hermeneutics in the field of theology. Since it is often thought that Gadamer's concentration on philosophical and historical themes suggests he was deliberately setting himself apart from religious discussions, few scholars have seriously engaged Gadamer's contribution to theological hermeneutics. In this thesis, I am attempting to unify Gadamer's diverse writings on the topic of religion in order to determine where he believes the project of theological hermeneutics ought to be found within the overall scope of hermeneutics as a general discipline. In order to do this, I begin with the division Gadamer establishes between the natural sciences and the human sciences. I draw upon the idea of application - as found in the natural sciences - as well as the concept of historical-linguistic universality - as it emerges from within the human sciences - in order to situate the interpretation of theological texts within Gadamer's framework. I present this account oftheological hermeneutics as one that shares some characteristics of both the natural and the human sciences because of its unique subject of faith. I argue that Gadamer offers an account of theological hermeneutics that is clear and evident, although it does not fit neatly into his original disciplinary division but is instead found at the intersection of the natural and human sciences.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Dialectical Critique of the Hegelian System: Absolute Spirit and the Relation of Religion, the State and Philosophy

contributor:
Ajzenstat, S.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: Starting from the presupposition, common in some circles of Continental philosophy, that Hegel's system is unsurpassed and yet to be overcome, this thesis attempts to formulate an immanent dialectical critique of that system. As such, the thesis is not an attempt to simply disprove Hegel, but rather show how, on its own ground, Hegel's system is forced to transcend itself in a movement that, at least in principle, is also capable of comprehending Hegel's philosophical system, as well as subsequent history and philosophy. The first three chapters of the thesis layout Hegel's philosophical position by means of a detailed examination and exposition of the final sections of Hegel's Philosophy of Spirit and the central category of Hegel's entire system, absolute spirit. Using this as its background and presupposition, the final chapter shows how Hegel's entire philosophical system and the concept of absolute spirit presupposes a stable, concrete relation between religion, the state and philosophy and yet how, due to the very manner in which these three and their relationship is conceived by Hegel, that this relationship is ultimately self-destructive. Consequently this relationship is undermined, but thus so is Hegel's philosophical system and his very concept of absolute spirit. Insofar as this thesis only offers a negative lesult, it remains merely prefatory. The conclusion thus offers hints at how the final result of the dialectical movement can be seen as also positive by pointing out the similarities of this conclusion to the philosophical position of Emmanuel Levinas, arguing that both he and Hegel need to be overcome in a comprehensive dialectical movement.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Balarāma: Change and Continuity in an Early Hindu Cult

contributor:
Granoff, Phyllis E.
Religious Studies

subject:
Religious Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract:
This thesis studies the evolution of Balarāma in Vaişņavism through comparative analysis of Balarāma stories from selected Hindu purāņas: the Harivaṃśa (HV), the Vişņu purāņa (Vi.pu), the Brahmā purāņa (Br.pu), and the Bhāgavata purāņa (Bh.pu). Through careful analysis of Balarāma stories from these texts, I argue that Balarāma was a multifaceted deity of considerable importance in early Vaişņavism. I will also argue that the modifications introduced in the earliest stories reveal a process whereby Balarāma's popularity and status declined and he became a minor deity as Kŗșņa grew in importance. In this process his personality is modified from his association with food, abundance, fertility and protection to that of an ordinary warrior.

I also demonstrate that the early supremacy and personality of Balarāma is reflected in the depiction of this deity in select Jain texts: the Vasudevahińḍī (VH), the Harivaṃśapurāņa (HVP), the Cauppannamahāpurisacariryaṃ (CMC), and the Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpurușacaritra (TSP). A comparison of Hindu and Jain purāņa stories of Balarāma also reveal that the Jain Balarāma stories are derived from independent sources other than the Hindu purāņas.

My research demonstrates that it is through gradual transformation of a deity and modifications in the stories that a deity is gradually assimilated into an evolving major religious system. This process is marked by establishing different relationships and equations that reshape and redefine the existing features associated with a deity rather than complete annihilation. The analysis of Balarāma stories allows us to gain insight into such intermediary processes involved in the long process of evolution of Vaișņavism.

A study of the Balarama stories also contributes to current scholarship on the textual history of the Hindu purāņas. In the course of this thesis I analyze the stories divided into a series of plots and compare them across the different texts. I demonstrate that changes to these basic plots indicate the evolution of the story. I therefore propose that the more different a story from the basic story the later it must be while the less the different the story the closer contemporary it must be. I take as the basic story that is the HV, which scholars agree is earlier than any of the purāņas. My working hypothesis is that the further a purāņic story diverges from the HV, the later it is in date. My comparison of the stories indicates that the HV was the source of the Vi.pu, which served as the source for the Br.pu and Bh.pu. A comparison of the latter two texts reveals that the Bh.pu is the latest of the texts while the Br.pu shows a combination of early and late stories. This pattern is consistent with what scholars working on the pural).as have described.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Helium Isotope Oceanography

contributor:
Clarke, W. B.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Structural Studies of Compounds Containing Dicovalent Sulfur Chains

contributor:
Olsen, F. P.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Hydrogen Isotope Effect Studies on the Elimination Reaction of 2-Arylethylanilinium Salts

contributor:
Bourns, A. N.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Studies on Organo-palladium and -platinum complexes

contributor:
Maitlis, P. M.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A critical evaluation of Ontario's environmental assessment approval process

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
This paper is a critical evaluation of the Environmental Assessment Approval Process in Ontario. More specifically, this paper identifies the issues and overall trends emerging from three waste management undertakings that have been subject to Joint Board Hearings, under the Environmental Assessment (EA) Act.

With respect to the Government Review and Joint Board Decision in the approval process, it was recognized that the identification of issues were consistent between the two documents. The only exception was the issue of hydrogeology which received much more attention by the Boards compared to the Reviews. This also suggests that hydrogeological suitability of a landfill site is a necessary, but insufficient, condition in order to obtain EA approval.

Over the three recent waste management undertakings, subject to the Joint Board, under the EA Act, site selection and public consultation issues were predominant. The site selection issue defies traceability and replicability in the proponent's planning process. Meanwhile, the public was too little, too late, and insufficient by PreSubmission Consultation Guidelines of the Ministry of the Environment.

In retrospect, two of the three waste management undertakings were denied approval by the Joint Board, implying that the Government Review did not apply enough judgement and guidance to resolve inconsistencies found in the EA.

The result of numerous inconsistencies in relation to evaluation criteria, in all three cases, strongly suggests that the proper choice and use of an evaluation methodology is critical in identifying the suitable site among alternatives.

The most troubling concern identified in this study is that a "tremendous expenditure of time, money and human resources" can be involved in gaining approvals for a landfill in Ontario today.

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: "Insight" and "The Religious Mind" in the Teachings of Jiddu Krishnamurti

contributor:
MacQueen, Graeme
Younger, Paul
Vallée, Gerard
Religious Studies

subject:
Religious Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract:
In this thesis I attempt to show that in the teachings of Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986), it is the event of "total insight into what-is" that brings about a liberating transformation of the mind which has been conditioned by thought. The unconditioned mind is the religious mind. As a result, the thesis is also an exploration of the meaning of religion in his teachings.

After a discussion of his unusual approach to teaching, analysis reveals that the conditioned mind is dominated by thought, which prevents direct perception of what-is. It further reveals that, according to Krishnamurti, sensitive observation, accompanied by the cessation of divisive thought produces "total insight," which liberates the mind completely from the psychological suffering that accompanies conditioning. I then examine the nature of the religious or unconditioned mind showing how, in Krishnamurti's teachings, it is a unified whole that is beyond conceptualization. It may be called Truth or God and is the only reality.

The analysis reveals a structure in Krishnamurti's teachings that is logically consistent, coherent, and within its own criteria, complete. It thus provides a basis from which criticisms that have been raised by others concerning his teachings are addressed. Comparison with other schools of thought reveal strong similarities to the tathata or Suchness philosophy of Mahayana Buddhism.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Meaning of Moral Discourse

contributor:
Thomas, J.E.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: Non-cognitivist theories of moral language are challenged on the ground that they put a misplaced emphasis on certain non-descriptive, as distinct from descriptive and universalizable, dimensions of a total linguistic situation, and that in this way they fail both to explain moral agreement and to make wider agreement possible. It is argued that on a broad definition of the meaning of a symbol in terms of a set of dispositions to be used in accordance with rules, the alleged logical distinction between the several dimensions of a linguistic situation or the uses of linguistic symbols breaks down. Moreover, appeal is made throughout the thesis to the actual practice of moral discourse and the analogies one may find between meaning and methcx:i in sciences on the one hand and in morals on the other. Just as in scientific, so in moral discourse freedom is embedded in rationality in the sense of concern for facts and for coherence and harmony among them. It is hoped that in general the thesis will contribute to the establishment of moral egalitarianism.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Rational Argumentation and the Dialectical Tier

contributor:
Hitchcock, David
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
In Manifest Rationality: A Pragmatic Theory of Argument (2000), Ralph Johnson claims that the practice of argumentation, of giving and receiving arguments, is characterized by manifest rationality: argumentation must appear to be rational to all the participants involved. Because argumentation is characterized by manifest rationality and because the purpose of argumentation is rational persuasion, Johnson proposes a two-tier definition of 'argument' , the product of argumentative practice. In addition to an 'illative core' composed of premises offered in support of a conclusion, Johnson claims that an argument must possess a 'dialectical tier' , in which the arguer anticipates and responds to objections, criticisms, alternative points of view, and the consequences and implications of his or her own view. However, Johnson's definition of argument, and his claim that argumentation is characterized by manifest rationality, rest on the specification of rationality as using, giving, and/or acting on the basis of reasons. I argue that this specification of rationality provides inadequate justification for his insistence that an argument must have a dialectical tier and empties of substance his claim that argumentation is manifestly rational.

As a remedy to these problems, I supplement Johnson's conception of rationality in argumentation with Chaim Perelman's conception ofreasonableness. Because what counts as reasonable is a function of the historical and contextual situation of the audience we seek to persuade, in constructing an argument, appeal to the audience is justified. Thus an arguer engaged in the task of rational persuasion must appeal to the expected position of the audience, with respect to the topic under discussion, and the current standards for argument and argumentation the audience holds.

This revised conception ofrationality not only justifies more adequately the addition ofthe dialectical tier to the definition of argument and provides a richer interpretation for the claim that argumentation is characterized by manifest rationality but also provides the resources to solve two problems for the dialectical tier raised by critics: infinite regress and discrimination.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Transmission and Construction: Gadamer and Benjamin on the Politics of Interpretation

contributor:
Allen, Barry
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
In this thesis, I compare the theories of interpretation of Hans-Georg Gadamer and Walter Benjamin. Gadamer and Benjamin explicate the proper task of historical interpretation in opposition to historicism. Historicism, for them, is the view that historical interpretation must, in Ranke's well-known formulation, be true to history "as it really was." Historicists view the temporal distance which separates the present from the past as an epistemological gulf, necessitating the formulation of a method which recaptures historical reality.

In the first chapter, I discuss Gadamer's criticism of, and alternative to historicism, as explicated in Truth and Method. According to Gadamer, since the inquirer's understanding is formed by the same tradition that provides the context of significance in which the historical subject matter must be understood, there is a horizon of meaning that unites the inquirer and her subject matter. This horizon, tradition, sets limits which, though always open to revision and extension, constrain the range of legitimate interpretations, revealing a relatively stable historical world. Crucial to Gadamer's position is his view that the transmission of tradition's content is a process which liberates works from the particularity of their origins in specific conditions of production and reception, integrating them in the universalizing context of tradition. Thus, temporal distance is viewed as positive.

Benjamin challenges this view. In the second chapter of the thesis, I trace the development of Benjamin's theory of interpretation in terms of his increasing suspicion of transmission as a process that is controlled by interests that exclude some works and interpretations from tradition as it is handed down, in favour of those that stabilize the self-understanding of the ruling class. For Benjamin. the process of transmission does not serve to reveal works in their universality, but rather continually reaffirms a complex of interpretations that serve particular interests. Benjamin's alternative is a procedure which uncovers the particular social origins of dominant interpretive frameworks, thus freeing the contents of tradition for new interpretations constructed from the perspective of those who are marginalized in the present. I conclude that Benjamin's critique oftransmission reveals important political presuppositions in Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: David Lloyd George as the "Hammer" of Dissent: The War Premiership, 1916-1918

contributor:
Rempel, R.A.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
This dissertation will focus upon Lloyd George's relationship to wartime dissent. This is an important area of study no~ yet coherently, systematically, and thoroughly treated. This neglect is indeed evident in the transformation of the 'pro-Boer' Radical at the turn of the century into "the man who won the war" in 1918. There have been numerous studies on Lloyd George and the Labour Movement, Lloyd George and the Generals, and Lloyd George as social reformer, just to name a few. But, as yet, there has not been any scholarly examination of Lloyd George and wartime dissent, topics which encompass his views on such issues as censorship, propaganda, the containment of peace-by-negotiation organizations, specifically, the Union of Democratic Control (UDC), the No-Conscription Fellowship (NCF). and the Independent Labour Party (ILP), and the imprisonment of conscientious objectors.

Two wars were fought by Lloyd George from 1916 to 1918: the first was the arduous military effort on behalf of the "knock-out blow" for total victory. while the second was the domestic campaign to maintain public support for the war. By focusing upon the "domestic war", the Lloyd George Government employed a sophisticated array of tools to buy loyalty and crush dissent: first, by constructing a propaganda machine which pledged the creation of a new post-war Britain in order to justify the hardships at home, the British Government capitalized upon the depth of patriotism throughout the working classes, and, second, by applying the weapons of censorship and persecution. for instance. the trial and imprisonment of E.D. Morel. the secretary of the VOC. the Lloyd George Coalition punished the leading dissenter and demonstrated their willingness to subvert individual rights and liberties. Moreover. the campaign against dissent was aided when key German actions. for example. the decision by the German High Command to adopt a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917, undermined the claims of the dissenters that German peace moves were sincere and that Germany was often willing to negotiate in good faith. In addition. the British Government exploited internal divisions within wartime dissent over the issues of civil liberties and industrial action which prevented the formation of a potentially powerful alliance between peace advocates, civil libertarians, and industrial militants which could pose as a legitimate political alternative to the constitutional government. This ambitious domestic campaign contributed to Lloyd George's reputation as ·'the man who won the war" and to the rout of dissent in the election of 1918.

This examination of Lloyd George's proscription of wartime dissent has also highlighted the intellectual narrowness and deep internal divisions within the peace movement. the nature of German war aims chronicled by Fritz Fischer, the German historian, who traced the aggressive continuities in Germany's expansive foreign and military policy. and the paradox of Lloyd George's political ascendancy in 1918 and his vilification by the British Left as an enemy of the working classes. The failure of the peace-by-negotiation movement and the success of the "knock-out blow" policy was therefore facilitated by Lloyd George's readiness to devote his tireless energy and demagogic oratory to mobilize the nation's resources - human, material, and psychological - to the defence of the nation.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Later Heidegger's Understanding and Critique of Metaphysics

contributor:
Robertson, John C.
Religious Studies

subject:
Religious Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract:
This thesis investigates the later Heidegger's understanding and critique of metaphysics. Given the amount of work Heidegger published, it has been necessary to limit the focus of this thesis to two important texts. Each of these texts is examined twice: in PART I I garner Heidegger's understanding of metaphysics and in PART II I determine Heidegger' s critique of metaphysics. The first text considered here is the 1949 Einleitung, subtitled "Der Rtickgang in den Grund der Metaphysik", to the essay Was ist Metaphysik originally published in 1929. This essay has been translated by Walter Kaufmann as "The Way Back into the Ground of Metaphysics" in the monograph Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre. The other text examined is Heidegger's Nietzsche. The first text was chosen for its succinct treatment of metaphysics and the second for its thoroughness.

It becomes clear throughout the thesis that Heidegger's understanding and critique of metaphysics can be summarized thus, "Metaphysics concerns itself only with beings (Seiende) as such". Although a traditional metaphysician may agree with this analysis, he or she may not understand why it is a critique. According to Heidegger it is a critique, because by focusing on beings (Seiende) metaphysis neglects or forgets Being (Sein). Once Heidegger's position and criticisms have been elucidated, some obstacles that arise for metaphysically based theology are briefly considered. The major obstacle is whether or not theology can talk about God in a non-objectifying manner. Can theology avoid making God one being among others in the same way that metaphysics reduces Being to one being among others? Heidegger urges Christian thinkers to heed the advice of their own scripture and not to seek knowledge of God through the wisdom of this world.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Cardiovascular events and their risk factors in adults with cerebral palsy.

contributor: Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics

subject:
cerebral palsy
adults
Canada
cardiovascular outcomes
stroke
Canadian Community Health Survey
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases

abstract:
Background

Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) may have special health care considerations related to an increased prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases. In particular, disability-related sedentary time may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and the related major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in this population.

Methods

Part I: A systematic review of major databases, trial registries, and conference abstracts identified randomized trials and observational studies exploring the prevalence and evaluating the prevention of MACE and risk factors for MACE in adults with CP. Title and abstract, data extraction, and quality of reporting assessment were completed in duplicate.

Part II: A secondary analysis of Canadian census data evaluated the crude and adjusted risk of stroke in adults with CP and compared the crude risk with other Canadian adults with spinal cord injury, acquired brain injury, and epilepsy. All risks were reported as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Part I: 2281 unique articles were screened to provide 10 cross-sectional studies. No studies evaluated any interventions for MACE or risk factors for MACE. The most common risk factor studied was obesity. Two studies showed an increased in death due to circulatory diseases.

Part II: Crude risk of stroke to CP was OR=12.5 (12.2-12.9). Mediation effects or multicollinearity was not observed. The adjusted risk of stroke was OR=7.9 (1.8-34.2). Elevated crude risk of stroke was also noted in patients with acquired brain injury (OR=16.2 [16.0-16.5]), spinal cord injury (OR=6.1 [6.0-6.3]), and epilepsy (OR=6.2 [6.0-6.3]).

Conclusions

This thesis provides a preliminary overview of the risk of MACE in adults with CP and hypothesis generating evidence for further research in this population. A prospective cohort study is urgently needed assess the implications of these findings. Adults with CP should minimize exposure to modifiable risk factors as much as possible.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Control of Energy Metabolism in the Yeast Saccharomyces Cervisiae

contributor:
Tustanoff, E.R.
Biology

subject:
molecular biology
yeast
metabolism
energy
control
Biology
Pathogenic Microbiology
Biology

abstract: Department not listed. Molecular Biology

abstract: The yeast S. cerevisiae Is able to use several different metabolic pathways for the generation of metabolic energy, and is able to vary the synthesis of these multlenzyme systems in response to changes in the external environment. The responses of the yeast to various changes in the environment have been studied and correlated with changes in the rate of synthesis of various enzymes. Two of these pathways are found in the mitochondrion, a sub-cellular organelle, the structural integrity of which is necessary for the functioning of these integrated systems. The experiments described thus provide information about the control of structure and function in cellular organelles, as well as about the general changes in energy metabolism.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Eigenvalue Problem of Two Types of Compund Matrices

contributor:
Charmonman, S.
Mathematics

subject: mathematics matrices Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Development of the North Manchuria Frontier, 1900-1931

contributor:
Barrett, David P.
History

subject:
China
North Manchuria Frontier
History
Development
History
Philosophy
History

abstract:
This thesis examines the history of the North Manchuria frontier from 1900 to 1931, which was a crucial period in regional development. Within thirty-one years, about four million Chinese peasants immigrated into the region. The frontier society that took shape exhibited features different from China Proper. It lacked traditional Chinese social characteristics such as the clan system. The frontier exhibited a volatile social order. However, the new society was still Chinese and the coming of millions of immigrants impressed this character further on the region.

Land ownership changed dramatically. Once the state began to sell off land, private ownership quickly developed. By the end of the 1920s, over ninety-five percent of the land was privately owned. Large-scale ownership was balanced off by a small-scale farming economy. Seventy-five percent of land was occupied by small farmers. The region developed special ties with the international market, and the great demand after World War One for soybean spurred rapid economic growth.

Indigenous peoples embraced agricultural life, though the varying ethnic groups responded to it differently. The Solon abandoned hunting for sedentary life, the Manchus turned them from soldiers to farmers, while the Mongols moved from pastoral life to settlement. The tide of Chinese immigration was the primary factor in bringing about this change, but other factors such as the change of ecological system, government policies and the adoption of a new land system played important roles.

Banditry was a persistent phenomenon of the frontier, because of historical, social and geographical factors. Banditry was an inescapable part of frontier life through the 1900-31 period. Settlers organized themselves for defense and the government launched punitive campaigns. However, banditry remained a central problem. Banditry created its own subculture in frontier life.

Russian influence was important in the early history of the frontier. The Russians occupied the region from 1900 to 1906. They built a railway, controlled navigation on major rivers, dominated international trade and held timber and mining concessions. The Russians turned the railway zone into a sub-colony where they held mastery for more than two decades. However, the dissertation points out that the Russian role should not be exaggerated. Chinese authorities never surrendered sovereignty and endeavored to reassert their authority. Within the railway zone the Chinese had to acquiesce to the status quo, but they sought to limit Russian actions in the region beyond the zone. After the Bolshevik Revolution, Russian influence in North Manchuria quickly waned.

Bolshevik Revolution, Russian influence in North Manchuria quickly waned. This thesis is intended to probe and analyze the development of the North Manchuria frontier. Since few scholars have studied the region from the perspective of frontier history, the thesis represents a pioneering effort. It postulates that the quick evolution of the region from a wilderness to a granary was a special case in the history of modem China. However, the distinctiveness of the region does not separate it from the rest of China. Rather, to understand the development of the frontier is to understand more fully the history of modern China.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Tale of Four Caves: ESR Dating of Mousterian Layers at Iberian Archaeological Sites

contributor:
Schwarcz, H. P.
Anthropology

subject: anthropology caves Iberian Anthropology Philosophy Anthropology

abstract:
This study was undertaken to provide supporting evidence for the late presence of Neanderthals in Iberia at the end of the Middle Paleolithic. This period is almost impossible to date accurately by the conventional radiocarbon method. Accordingly electron spin resonance (ESR) was used to obtain ages for four Spanish sites. They were EI Pendo in the Cantabrian north, Carihuela in Andalusia and Gorham's and Vanguard caves at Gibraltar. The sites were chosen to allow the greatest variety in geographic settings, latitudes and sedimentation. They were either under excavation or had been excavated recently following modem techniques. A multidisciplinary approach to dating the archaeological contexts was being proposed for all the sites except EI Pendo whose deposits had been already dated but only on the basis of sedimentological and faunal analyses. This was the first research program to apply ESR to such a variety of sites and compare its results with that of such a variety of other archaeometric dating techniques.

The variety allowed a further dimension to the research that is the opportunity of appraising first hand the applicability and advantages of a new dating technique and determining its accuracy as an archaeological dating method in comparison with other techniques.

Test samples for the research were collected at the sites as well as at the Museo de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid and the Gibraltar Museum.

The ESR results for EI Pendo provide a terminus post quem of 31 Ka for the presence of the Neanderthal at the site. Those for Carihuela permit the Neanderthal skeletal remains found in layers Vand VI to be dated between 45 ka and 74 ka and between 67 ka and 86 ka respectively. The data also confirm the late presence of the Neanderthals in Andalusia. The results for the Gibraltar final Mousterian layer also confirm the presence of Neanderthals in southern Spain at 36.9 ±5 to 40.3 ±5 ka.

While there are a number of secure dates for early Aurignacian deposits in Spain the results of the present research provide the first solid evidence of the late presence of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis in the Iberian Peninsula.

Furthermore, from the data collected it can also be concluded that the ESR method is accurate and eminently suitable for dating archaeological contexts.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Kant's Anthropology from a Foucauldian Point of View

contributor:
Clark, David L.
English

subject:
english. kant
anthrology
POV
Anthropology
English Language and Literature
Anthropology

abstract: The last of Immanuel Kant's texts to be published in his lifetime, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View [Anthropology in Pragmatischer Hinsicht] (1798) has gone virtually undiscussed in twentieth-century English scholarship. In fact, Susan Meld Shell appears to be the only English scholar to provide even a marginal account of its position in Kant's oeuvre. Part of my thesis will address why the Anthropology -- a rather strange and anomalous text in that it easily betrays the anxieties behind one of the most guarded, rigourous, and determined thinkers of the Enlightenment -- is such a marginalized text. Why are critics of Kant so willing to dismiss it? With this question in mind, I aim to reveal some of the more critical interests and investments motivating the text's fundamental query: who is the anthropos of anthropology, that is, who or what is "man"? Although Kant concedes that the question is ultimately insoluble, that the I definition of man is ostensibly circumscribed by the absence of an ontologically equivalent external other, he insists on problematizing "man" as the stage or site on which the dramatic contest between reason and unreason or concord and discord takes place. Whereas Shell limits her brief discussion of the Anthropology to consider how Kant ls personal experience with hypochondria determines the scope and emphasis of his pragmatic anthropology, I will argue that the text's hypochondriacal resonances stem from a larger concern for what Foucault calls the "cultivation" or "care of the self." Consequently, I will read the Anthropology as a kind of conduct book that traces the manner in which the subject, in its relationship to itself: styles and maintains its own self-sovereignty. I argue, moreover, that Kant ls text reflects an ideological shift in emphasis in the history of ethics, a shift in which the bourgeois subject redefines its relationship to itself in order to preserve its differential value as the central or privileged figure in the semiotics of the health of the body and of the soul.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Workin' on the Contract: st Lucian Farmworkers in Ontario, A study of International Labour Migration

contributor:
Rodman, William
Anthropology

subject:
anthropology
farmworkers
labour migration
Agricultural and Resource Economics
Anthropology
International and Area Studies
Agricultural and Resource Economics

abstract: This dissertation examines the seasonal round of st Lucian contract workers who travel to Ontario every year for temporary employment in the Foreign Agricultural Resources Management Service program (FARMS). The study's focus is divided among Ontario growers as employers, st Lucian agricultural workers as employees, residents of a rural town in Southwestern Ontario, and governmental departments that influence the FARMS program in Canada and in st Lucia. The main argument of the dissertation is that labour migration has been an integral part of st Lucian history since emancipation on the island. It is both an economic strategy and a symbol of the freedom emancipation promised. While factors external to the island, such as the need for agricultural labour in Ontario and a long history of connections between Canada and the British West Indies influence where st Lucians travel, the propensity of these men and women to leave the island and return can only be explained in terms of st Lucia's history as a British colony. Within this history, labour migration emerges in conjunction with other strategies of enduring yet resisting the plantation economy that characterized the island for centuries. Although "workin' on the contract" in Canada is used by st Lucians for individual social and economic goals, it derives its meaning from the shared cultural beliefs and values of the island's society.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)