Experimental and theoretical studies of wind-induced dry heat transfer through clothing


An approach to two-dimensional data compression for black and white line drawings and text


The impact of perestroika and glasnost on the KGB and the security organs in the USSR


Application of conformal mapping to turbine blade stress analysis


Rhythmicities in central sleep apnea : a case study


Effect of shock tube diameter and tube wall material on detonation waves


The pulse amplitude modulation capability of voice quality telephone circuits


Spectral density operators


Interest group participation in the policy-making process : pipeline decision 1977


Origin and metamorphism of the Kisseynew gneisses, Kisseynew Lake - Cacholotte Lake area, Manitoba


A Study of dispersive behaviour in microstrip transmission lines


A dynamic model of a system consisting of a ship, a propeller and the water


Judgements of competence and perceptions of stereotypic characteristics of women as mediated by occupations of varying nontraditionality and type of affirmative action program


Personal projects and the multiple domains of university life : an exploratory study


An Investigation of the shear strength of Leda clay


Assessment of management development needs


Wave diagrams for an exhaust pulse generator


Deconstructivist architecture a critical study


Automated analysis and design of flat slab systems by the finite element method


Revolution and reaction : the emergence of the Hungarian national movement


Analysis of a radially symmetrical building frame


The Effect of frost action on lightly loaded footings


Transfer effects of inescapable shock : differentiation of motoric and associative consequences


Studies of snow pack winter roads near Shingle Point, Northeastern Yukon Territory - geobotanical effects and natural revegetation


The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on hepatic and erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase


The organic composition of capital and choice of production sites : the economic logic of the international division of labour


Intraspinal 6-Hydroxydopamine and 5, 7-Dihydroxytryptamine : selective depletion of norepinephrine and serotonin, but not dopamine


Vegetation and reindeer-range relationships in the forest-tundra transition zone, Sitidgi Lake area, N.W.T.


Access to health care services by recent Ghanaian immigrants in Ottawa : a methodological exploration


Coming to terms : Jewish-Ukrainian relations and the hunt for Nazi war criminals in Canada


Representation as currency


Hydrothermal alteration and Cu-Zn sulfide mineralization in the D-68 zone, Corbet Mine, Noranda district, Quebec, Canada


A microprocessor controlled integrated circuit characterization system


Tremolite isograd near Marble Lake, Ontario


Precise calculations of Muonic energy levels in P.B. 206


Permutation groups and Schur rings


Computer-aided preliminary design of reinforced concrete building structure


Computer-aided preliminary design of reinforced concrete building structures


A general queueing network analysis with application to outpatient care systems


Faces of evil : criticism and the adolescent novel


Automated wideband amplifier design


Numerical simulation of a one-dimensional bipolar transistor


Automated design of structural steel planar building frames


The color of the campaign


National Farm Radio Forum : radio broadcasting for social change during the urbanization of Canada and the rise of television


title: Harlequin romances : the significance of a changing genre as a chronicle of women readers' changing concerns and social situations

creator: Hudson, Valerie M. A., (Valerie Margaret Ann)


Model studies of the glucose homeostatic system


The effects of nonaging and constant distributions on sequential reaction times


Performance analysis of Demand Response System on top of UMTS network


Studies on eudialyte and eucolite


Adaptive computer of a non-stationary system


Design and testing of a bench-scale fluidized bed coal gasifier


Studies on the metabolism of tryptophan in the tomato plant lycopersicum esculentum mill


The parasequential processor : a realistic intermediate


Automated synthesis algorithm for the state minimization of finite sequential machines


The erosion of Indian property rights : land use planning in northwestern Ontario


Investigations of a synthetic route to 11-Hydroxy-Tetrahydrocannabinol


"Young Canada" : the gist of Canada First


Magnetic anisotropy as an aid in structure elucidation


Light scattering by electronic excitation in cobaltous and ferrous fluorides


Douglas Fisher : politician and journalist, 1957-2006 : Canadian political journalism practiced by the participant observer


Numbers: a journalist's guide to the facts about figures


Beta-voltaic energy conversion using Krypton-85 Ion-Implantation into silicon semiconductor devices


title: Isumaksaqsiurutigijakka : conversations with Aupilaarjuk towards a theory of Inuktitut knowledge renewal

abstract: This dissertation explores a theoretical foundation for Inuktitut knowledge renewal based on conversations between the author, Tamalik, and Inuk elder, philosopher, mentor and teacher Aupilaarjuk from the Kivalliq region in Nunavut. Relational accountability and the relational dynamics of knowledge in Inuktitut contexts are examined, along with Inuktitut methodological principles. The dissertation is presented in two parts to honour two different languages, epistemologies and intellectual systems. Part O n e is in Inuktitut syllables; it comprises the recorded conversations between the author and Aupilaarjuk in May of 2010 and represents the importance of Aupilaarjuk's narrative as a whole, legible or not to the academy. Part T w o is an exercise in bridging between two diverse intellectual traditions that coexist within Canada - Inuktitut indigenous and western academic, and a case is made for their coexistence within the academy. Together the two parts of the document work to support a framework for understanding Inuktitut knowledge traditions and the value of intercultural dialogue in addressing questions of knowledge production in arctic and Inuit-related affairs.


Stereospecific coordination of N, N'-bis (2-aminoethyl) - trans-1, 2 - diamin-ocyclohexane to cobalt (III)


Building character and crime : an analysis of the relation between building design and crime


Propagation delay measurement circuit for high-speed logic gates


Lieutenant-general Guy Simonds and the battle of the Scheldt : study in generalship


A study of a controlled tension helicopter hauldown system


The commodification of the wilderness : an analysis of the wilderness recreation market in Canada


Two communities : a study of canadien and Acadian identity in the 1880's


The construction and operation of a transverse excited C.O.2 laser at pressures above one atmosphere


The effects of synthetic growth regulators on cell expansion and cell division in Jerusalem artichoke tuber tissue


Design of a parallel signal processing architecture for ESM


Behavioural, biochemical, and histological effects of perinatal, intracranial administration of excitotoxins


Geology, mineralogy and textural relationships of the Coppercorp deposit, Mamainse Point area, Ontario


La jeunesse de Judith Jasmin


Studies on metal photochemistry and the origin of life problem


The role of phonological working memory in subtraction and multiplication in Chinese and Canadian students


System design consideration for a C.C.D. magnetic bubble file storage device


Speech enhancement using microphone arrays


A revision of the neartic species of the genus onthophilus leach (Histeridae : Coleoptera)


The lullaby and family among the Nascapi-Montagnais Innu of Labrador


Gorbachev and the third revolution in Soviet military affairs


The shear connector behaviour for steel-wood composite bridges


Investigation into the causes of instability in current gain of bipolar transistors


The Conformable tin bearing pyrrhotite-pyrite "sills" at Renison Bell, Tasmania : mineralogy, relationships, genesis


A programmed analysis for automobile handling and stability characteristics


An analysis of environmental policy : DOE and the packaging and pulp and paper industries


The foraging strategy of the Eastern chipmunk (Tamias Stratus Lysteri)


Contemporary Iroquois sculpture - 1969-1987, the art of carving as an Iroquois tradition and the emergence of a modern school of sculpture : the works of Duffy Wilson, Stan Hill and Joe Jacobs


A simulation of a jet engine test cell


Islamic community centers in North America architecture in service of cultural identity


Numerical two-dimensional analysis of short-channel I.G.F.E.T.'s.


Verility, I insist : I did not raise the purple crow. Evolution of voice in the novels of Robert Kroetsch


Automatic elastic analysis of three-dimensional framed structures


Afrikaner ethnic nationalist identity and Apartheid


On the formation of M.S. nucleotides in relaxed and stringent strains of Escherichia coli K-12


Effects of extreme temperatures on survival and population growth of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera : Aphididae)


Adaptive equalization for channels with crosstalk


Dipping into the social imaginary : the role of narrative reference in public debate


Developing online content : the principles of writing and editing for the Web


Interpreting Bloore's art : problem of a basis


A peak detecting, real time cross-correlator with applications to fluid flow metering


The Soviet Union in arctic waters : economic and legal dimensions


Some variables influencing the rate of secondary school dropouts in Renfrew County 1971-76


Crisis coverage : the case of the Ethiopian famine


Valuing privacy, evaluating expectations: toward a consistent approach to privacy in English and Canadian common law


An investigation of M.O.S. bootstrapped logic circuits


Axial compressor fouling : evolution of performance prediction techniques


title: Large truck urban access study

creator: Hansen, John C. S. (John Christian Saabye)


Three degrees of freedom dynamic computer model for tracked vehicles


title: Sickness and healing in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales

abstract: In The Canterbury Tales Chaucer accurately describes various symptoms of physical sickness, bodily defects and infirmities, so that "disease imagery" is generally recognized as contributing to realism or satire. It is less well known that "disease imagery" often symbolizes disordered spiritual states in the portraits of the pilgrims and that in the tales of the Summoner, the Pardoner and the Canon's Yeoman, this imagery recurs, carrying with it a distinct moral implication. Ultimately, then, this pattern of imagery sustains a motif of sickness and healing closely related to the idea of Christ as the saviour and physician of men's souls. The motif originates in The General Prologue, where the pilgrims are described as journeying to the shrine of the martyr who has cured them of illness, and concludes in The Parson's Tale, where the Parson introduces a medical analogy by presenting the sacrament of penance as a remedium against sin.


title: An Application of the finite element method to plate problems

abstract:
This thesis deals with the development of a computer program for the solution of plate problems using the finite element technique. Rectangular and quadrilateral elernents have been used. The displacement functions are the same as that of Zienkiewicz and Clough. The displacement function for lateral bending is not invariant with respect to choice of axes and imposes difficulty for a quadrilateral element.
The first Chapter deals with the introduction. The method of analysis has been described in the second Chapter. In the third Chapter the results have been presented and discussed. In the fourth Chapter conclusions and recommendations have been made. A Fortran listing of the computer program is given in the appendix.


title: The Design of an annular wind tunnel for the study of swirling flows

abstract: The specifications for the design of an annular wind tunnel to study swirling flows is presented. The wind tunnel design is such that a researcher can control the following variables at entrance to the working section: the flow Reynolds and Mach numbers, the flow swirl angle, and the annulus geometry. Air is blown through the working section by a two stage axial flow compressor supplying 12 lbm./sec. with a pressure rise of 20 in. of water. Aspects of the mechanical and aerodynamic design are discussed in detail.


title: Inlet flow field of transonic rotors and the generation of buzz-saw noise

abstract:
Inlet flow field upstream of supersonic cascades has been studied using the rotational method of characteristics. The study includes a technique to calculate the curved shocks in the vicinity of the blade leading edge, taking into consideration the gradient of the flow properties upstream of the shock. For a cascade of identical blades the pressure pattern consists of repetitive wave form of wavelength equal to blade spacing. At upstream locations far from the rotor, the shock strength is inversely proportional to the axial upstream distance. Larger rate of decay of shock wave strength is found close to the rotor. The dependence of flow incidence on inlet Mach number is investigated, and for the range of flow conditions considered here, the flow incidence for a fixed cascade geometry, was found to decrease with inlet Mach number. Noise produced by rotating the pressure pattern upstream of the rotor relative to a fixed observer were calculated at various axial locations and dependence of the noise spectra on the pressure wave form is obtained. Flow fields upstream of cascades of non-identical blades has also been caculated. Perturbations in flow properties due to the presence of manufacturing errors in the blades were found to be additive. Influence functions for stagger angle errors in the blades have been deduced and the pressure pattern due to variety of error configurations have been obtained.
Rotation of these pressure patterns results in noise spectra at muliples of the shaft rotation frequency. The relative intensity of the various harmonics is dependent on the error configurations and the axial location upstream of the rotor. Slight deviations in blades stagger angle, which are typical of actual transonic rotor resulted in sub-harrmonies noise levels, which are comparable to that at blade passing frequency.


title: Propensity for ridesharing : key factors

abstract:
Ridesharing, for the purpose of this study, refers to two or more people regularly travelling together to and from work by car. It includes carpooling, where each person takes a turn to drive his/her car and gives a lift to the other(s).
Ridesharing has the potential of increasing the person-movement capacity of the existing transportation system by carrying more people in fewer vehicles. As such, it offers the chance to extend the use of existing transportation systems in ways that increase their efficiency while reducing the need for additional vehicles and roadway capacity.
Despite the growing interest among transportation professionals to adopt strategies and actions aimed at increasing the vehicle occupancy rates, little effort has been expended to understand the concept of ridesharing. The objective of this study is to a establish a better understanding of the ridesharing mode by studying the characteristics of ridesharers and identifying the factors that influence ridesharing propensity when making a journey to work.
The main findings of this study are that ridesharers have high levels of education and car availability; make long but regular work journeys; work in large organizations; and choose to rideshare for financial reasons. In addition, social requirements and irregular working hours are the major deterrents to ridesharing. A model was developed to predict the commuters choice between ridesharing and driving alone. It indicates that travel characteristics are good indicators and predictors of the choice between driving alone and ridesharing. Furthermore, it identifies commuters with long commutes and low levels of car availability as the target populations for ridesharing.


title: The British Foreign Office's perceptions of Nazi-Germany 1935-1937

abstract:
Between 1935 and 1937, the British Foreign Office offered substantial resistance to the governmental policy of appeasing Nazi-Germany. Official correspondence reveals that several staff members viewed German leaders, social attitudes, armaments and political goals with apprehension. Permanent Under-Secretary Sir Robert Vansittart, Assistant Under-Secretary Orme Sargent, Central Department Head Ralph Wigram, and News Department Head Reginald Leeper spearheaded the Office's campaign against appeasement. In numerous letters, telegrams and memorandums, they advocated the introduction of full-scale rearmament, and the formation of closer ties with France, Italy and the Soviet Union, to combat the German menace.
Although frequently repeated and widely circulated, the anti-appeasers' advice was seldom followed. The British Government steadily courted German favour with friendly overtures and concessions, while neglecting national defences and potential allies. A combination of departmental shortcomings and external obstacles thwarted the Office's struggle against appeasement. During the inter-war years, the British Foreign Office suffered a major erosion of influence. Defects in leadership also hampered the anti-appeasers' activities. The Office proved incapable of overcoming the powerful forces of pacifism, national guilt, international rivalry, and financial constraint, which propelled Britain towards a policy of appeasement.


title: Structures in the Wabush Formation west of Wabush Lake with special reference to the Smallwood Mine

abstract:
Wabush Formation consists of a lower carbonate-silicate member and an upper iron-oxide member. The stratigraphic succession of the rocks associated with the Wabush Formation is established from surface geological mapping and diamond drilling.
In the northern part of the Smallwood Mine the Wabush Formation appears to be composed of two iron-oxide and two carbonate-silicate members. This repetition is due not to primary deposition or to thrust faulting but to repeated folding. The first generation of folds trends easterly, the second generation trends 020°1 southwest of Wabush Lake, and 350° to 010° west of the central part of the lake. Folds of the third generation trend 040° to 060°. Both sets of later folds are overturned to the west or northwest. The rocks of the Wabush Formation have, therefore, undergone deformation by forces acting at different times in different directions.
1. All angular values expressed in three figures refer to azimuth.


title: Pressure distribution on rotating disks : redesign of the test facility and further studies of the mean pressure field

abstract: This thesis presents the results of an experimental investigation of the radial static pressure distribution associated with enclosed rotating disks with superimposed radial outward throughflow. The pressure distribution both on the rotating and stationary disks is examined for the case of turbulent flow with separate boundary layers. All the pertinent variables including the size of the disk are examined. The pressure distribution is found to be a strong function of each of the principal dimensionless parameters, namely the axial clearance-disk radius ratio, the disk Reynolds number, and the throughflow number. The data is presented in sufficient detail for use in design calculatlons for fluid machinery.


title: Ecofeminist theology : feminism, ecology, and the divine as female

abstract: This paper explores the use of images of the divine as female by ecofeminist thealogians to imply an understanding of reality which unites spirituality with physicality and positively values both women and nature. The use of these images is intended to challenge the patriarchal inferiorization and exploitation of women and nature. It is used to suggest a non-patriarchal reconceptualization of the female self and to connect human being with physical processes of nature. The image of the divine as female, then, is used to suggest a fundamental inclusion of women and nature into our understanding of reality. More particularly, it is used to suggest that the interests and integrity of both women and nature must be included in our reconstruction of ethical guidelines. Ecofeminist thealogy, thus, sees the exploration and use of these images as a means of politically challenging the exploitation of women and nature.


title: Expressed demand for adult literacy programs

abstract:
The key question being addressed in the study is the degree to which demand for literacy instruction exceeds supply for various levels of instruction and types of programs. Using data available from Employment and Immigration Canada I asked the following three questions:
A "What is the extent of demand for basic literacy skills development programs as expressed by illiterate persons in Canada through waiting lists for instructional programs?
B Is there a relationship between the demand for services and the program model, skill level, intensity (measured in hours per week), duration or size.?
C Are there significant barriers to the development of waiting lists as an expression of demand? What other evidence of demand is there?
A data set in which 332 programs providing services to 53,000 clients responded to the questionnaire was used. Of these programs, those offering 10 hours or less of instruction per week had on average waiting lists amounting to 33% of their capacity. Those offering more than ten hours of instruction per week maintained waiting lists in excess of 48% of their capacity. The length of time spent waiting averaged 2.3 months for less than ten hours of instruction and 3.4 months for 11 or more hours of instruction.
When the institutional code is taken into consideration the excess in demand for instruction is considerably higher for community based programs over 10 hours per week than for school based ones [75% excess in demand for C.B. compared to 30% excess in demand for school based] . Within the school coding the part-time programming is in relatively higher demand with an excess of 45% relative to the 30% 10 hr+ figure. This trend is reversed for the community based programs were the demand for longer programs is twice that for the under 10 hr. group.
Multivariate regression was used to test the validity of a model generated from the available data. The results indicate that program variables do correlate with measures of expressed demand although specific items were not easily interpreted given the available data.
Substantial problems existing in the reliance on waiting lists as the primary measure in assessing demand are discussed. These include a lack of consistent waiting list recording practices and theoretical objections to their use. Qualitative measures of demand are also evident. Most notable of these is the trend toward the use of community based approaches by institutions. This corroborates a key finding of the regression. The degree to which the capacity of service providers is utilized (100%) is also indicative of a strong demand.
These issues should be explored to a greater extent.


title: Assessing the impact of forestry operations upon visitor satisfaction in Ontario's Algonquin provincial Park

abstract:
For the first time in fifty years, Ontario is reviewing its Protected Space Legislation (Ontario, 2004). While the province is proposing to eliminate all industrial activities from provincial parks, it is including an exception for Algonquin Park, due to the economic importance of the logging operations, and the perceived effectiveness of sustainable forestry practices with regards to meeting both timber and non-timber (recreation and tourism) uses. The effectiveness of such a multiple-use approach is very controversial, and has resulted in much debate between wilderness preservationists, forestry supporters and recreational users.
This research sought to address the following question: Are forestry operations affecting visitor satisfaction within Algonquin Provincial Park? In 2004 a survey of park visitors was performed to gain knowledge on what they sought to experience while visiting Algonquin Park, and to determine what, if any, the effects of logging had upon those experiences.
The research has found that in general, visitor satisfaction is not impacted by the current forestry operations. The management practices conducted in Algonquin Park at present appear to be able to sustain a tourism/recreation industry. The forestry practices do not however appear to maintain the present make-up of the existing forest ecosystem (a mixed forest), which raises concems with respect to issues of preservation, and the long term success of sustainable forestry.


title: Recovery criterion in load test of reinforced concrete structures

abstract:
A limited number of experimental investigations were made to check the efficiency of the specified recovery criterion (Subsection 4.5.2 of National Building Code of Canada, 1965) for Indicating the adequacy of a structure under load test for acceptance. Load tests were performed on nine concrete beams reinforced for tension only. Effects of steel ratio, concrete strength and retesting on recovery were observed. Test results are presented in tabular and graphical forms, A tentative evaluation of the load test requirements for reinforced concrete structures is made.
A new device for measuring curvature, suitable for laboratory use, is discussed in detail.
A computer programme is presented for applying the test results to a variety of conditions of beam support.


title: Simulation of flow control in a transparent intelligent network

abstract:
This thesis involves simulation analysis of the performance of a star network within a transparent intelligent network (TI-NET), and includes detailed design of the flow control scheme and extension of one-hop message queuing and servicing schemes to the two-hop star network.
An overview of TI-NET and a description of the system design of Channel Flow Control is provided. The thesis then describes the detailed design of Channel Flow Control and the related queuing and servicing schemes for two-hop traffic in a star network.
The design of a simulation model for analysis of star net performance is described. This model was developed using the XEROX General Purpose Discrete Simulator (running on a Sigma 9 computer system at Carleton University) for simulation analysis as part of this thesis and for follow-on work by others.
The thesis concludes with the results of simulation analysis of star network performance and some suggestions for future work in this area.


title: Diaspora, 'from then and there to here and now'

abstract: Diaspora is the non-voluntary scattering of a people from their homeland. The thesis surveys the current theory of diaspora by locating it within theory of migration, identifying characteristics of diaspora and a classification of diasporas. The thesis then extends present thinking on diaspora by developing conceptual consideration of the nature of oppression, Serial Diasporas, Virtual Diaspora, some quantitative aspects of diaspora and an Irish Literary Diaspora. A longing for the lost homeland is a prime characteristic of diaspora groups, and yet an actual return is very rare; the return of Jews from the diaspora is considered extensively to illustrate why such a return in significant numbers is unique. Throughout the thesis there is an engagement with problems of methodology and the validity of information and knowledge. Topics for further investigation such as strategies to ensure the survival of the diaspora and diaspora as a literary genre are presented. The thesis concludes by suggesting that a narrower definition of diaspora may be appropriate, and that diaspora is insufficiently recognised as a vital component of individual and group identity within contemporary societies.


title: The electrohydrodimerization of maleimide in buffered aqueous solutions : a kinetic and structural analysis

abstract:
The one electron reduction of maleimide in neutral aqueous solutions was found to produce dimers exclusively. Characterization of the product by gravimetric microanalysis, HPLC, NMR and IR gave as the sole product 1,2,3,4 butanetetracarboxylic 1,2:3,4 diimide. Polarographic limiting currents were found not to be diffusion controlled but both chemically and diffusion controlled depending on the concentration of initial maleimide. Thus only the apparent number of electrons transferred could be calculated and these values were found to vary from unity at concentrations above 1 millimolar to a value of two at concentrations 0.05 millimolar and below. This concentration dependence could not be attributed to association in solution through hydrogen bonding of the reactant since UV analysis of these solutions compared favourably with those published in the literature for the monomer. Adsorption of maleimide in the phosphate buffered solutions was not detected by double layer impedance measurements conducted with and without maleimide present. Controlled potential coulometry of maleimide from 0.1 to 10. millimolar gave an average value of 0.9 for the number of electrons transferred at the potential of the first polarographic wave.
Analysis of the cyclic voltammetric curves at pH 7.0 for the kinetic pathway applicable indicated a radical-radical coupling with protonation of the dimer anion as the rate controlling step at concentrations less than 0.1 millimolar while at concentrations greater than 10. millimolar, radical-radical coupling is the rate determining step.
This dimerization mechanism was inferred over the entire concentration range by the 40 millivolt change in potential per decade change in current (Tafel slope), the expected variation in the peak current with the voltage sweep rate, and the shifting in peak potential with the logarithm of concentration and voltage sweep rate. This concentration dependence was further indicated by the cyclic voltammetric pattern at voltage sweep rates of 200 volts/second and above. At low concentrations (<.1 mM) oxidation currents were seen in the voltammograms but at the higher concentrations (>10. mM) oxidation currents could not be detected.


title: The image of ownership

abstract: Over the years the sprawl of the suburbs has been heavily criticised and many solutions and alternatives have been proposed. However in spite of the apparent problems, the image of the single family detached home has been idealized and is aspired to in our culture. This thesis proposes that the suburbs have remained the primary form of housing in North America because ofthe psychological fulfillment that we draw from the ownership of a house in the suburbs. This ideal image of ownership is not tied to the suburban house, but to the underlying psychological satisfaction that we draw from certain elements of the detached suburban home. By deconstructing and reinterpreting the psychological functions that the suburban home performs, it is possible to design an alternative to the detached suburban home which can satisfy our desire to own in the same way as the ideal suburban image of ownership.


title: Decision and plurality: the specificity of the political in Carl Schmitt and Hannah Arendt

abstract: This thesis tries to analyze the critics of liberal understanding of political community and democracy from the point of Carl Schmitt and Hannah Arendt. Even though they were both criticizing the liberal philosophy for destroying the specificity of politics in the society, Schmitt's analysis suggests a total conceptualization of politics by concentrating on only a strong state (a strong-sovereign). There is no place for civic participation and dialogue in Schmitt's political philosophy. For Schmitt, homogeneity is the condition for the possibility of democracy. Moreover, he explicitly indicates that the state, as an ethical, univocal, transcendent and comprehensive unit, has the right to demand from its members the readiness to die. However Arendt's endeavor is to formulate the "Socratic" formation of modern citizenship and different ways of participation and dialogue for the re-construction of public sphere (a strong-constitution). Her conception of politics is in fact based on the idea of active citizenship, that is, on the value and importance of civic engagement and collective deliberation about all matters affecting the political community. I think, by examining Arendt's suggestions and critics, it is not Utopian to indicate that there are still possibilities for the civic virtue, political equality and particularly the new dimensions of active citizenship in the formation of post-politics for our societies. My thesis tries to acknowledge that Arendt's aim could be a better way to comprehend the democratic implications of the specificity of the political against the arguments of the Schmittian-conservative analysis that tries to find a common substance for the ontology of politics. This thesis is also trying to claim that the very reality of the public realm emerges only through the robust communication of opinions emanating from a multitude of diverse perspectives. In this way, I hope to indicate that Arendt's conception remains important for contemporary attempts to revive the idea and the practice of democratic citizenship.


title: Shortest path queries on polyhedral sufaces and in polygonal domains

abstract:
In this thesis, we present algorithmic solutions to shortest path queries on polyhedral surfaces and in polygonal domains. The research problems addressed in this thesis and shortest path problems in general are fundamental problems in geographic information systems (GIS) and computational geometry.
We present novel algorithms that answer approximate shortest path queries between any pair of points lying on a polyhedral surface P consisting of n positively weighted triangular faces. The cost of a path, denoted by ||π||, in P is defined as ||π| |= Σni=1 wi|πi|, where |πi| = π∩fi denotes the Euclidean length of the subpath of π within face fi whose weight is wi.
Our all-pairs query algorithm takes as input an approximation parameter ε ∈ (0,1) and a query time parameter q, in a certain range, and builds a data structure APQ(P, ε; q) for answering ε-approximate distance queries in O(q) time. When the surface P is homeomorphic to a planar domain, we present a space-efficient algorithm which exploits the planarity of P. As a building block of APQ(P, ε; q), we develop a single-source query data structure SSQ(P, ε; a) which answers ε-approximate distance queries from a fixed point a to any query point in P in logarithmic time. These proposed algorithms are important extension, both theoretically and practically, to the extensively studied Euclidean distance case. They are based on a novel graph sparator algorithm which extends and/or generalizes many previously known results.
Moreover, we consider queries between arbitrary pairs of objects lying on P, where query objects are points, segments, faces, chains, regions and sets of these. We present generic algorithms which provide approximate solutions.
Lastly, we consider shortest path queries in a polygonal domain PD having n vertices and h holes. A skeleton graph is a subgraph of a Voronoi diagram of PD. Our new algorithm utilizes a reduced skeleton graph of PD to compute a tessellation of PD. It builds a data structure of size O(n2) in O(n2 log n) time to support distance queries for any pair of query points in PD in O(h log n) time.


title: The Emergence of ethics and its implications for sustainability, development and tourism

abstract: This thesis explores the field of sustainability, development and tourism to advance an understanding of its fundamental concepts, their integration, and their relevance to the sustainability discourse generally. The tourism locale chosen for the case study chapter was Banff, Alberta, Canada. The research process and analysis was guided by the qualitative, inductive method of grounded theory. This general method of comparative analysis of literature, documents and incidents was used to discover the four concepts that are argued to be essential to the understanding of, and action leading to, sustainability. The four concepts are: interdependence, risk and uncertainty, conflict, and ethics. The results indicate that to advance the implementation of sustainability, a clear mandate for ethics in land-use planning and policy decision making is required. The role of social science practised as applied ethics in decision making processes affecting sustainability must be given more serious consideration for this to occur. Moreover, it is suggested that the difficulties emerging in the tourism domain, particularly in park and other natural settings, need to be discussed as issues basic to sustainability rather than as pertinent merely to tourism and parks management.


title: Technological change and underdevelopment : a study of public policy and organizational behaviour in the rubber industry of Sri Lanka

abstract:
This study examines the relationship between technological change and underdevelopment. Two interrelated problems are focused: identifying key determinants of the orientation of indigenous technological innovation, and assessing the consequences of technological change, including indigenous innovations, in the rubber industry of Sri Lanka in terms of socio-economic development or underdevelopment.
The relationship between technological change and underdevelopment is viewed within the perspective of dependency theory. It is argued that in a poor country the development or underdevelopment orientation of technology is determined in two fundamental processes of technological change: the process of innovation, and the process of diffusion of technology. The process of innovation is seen as a decision-making process in which crucial choices determining the orientation of technology are made with respect to three elements of technology: the knowledge element, the economic element, and the social element. These choices are made under certain constraints determined by (i) the process of technology diffusion in the production system, (ii) the public policies for science and technology, and (iv) the value system of the scientific and technological community.
Technological change is assessed in terms of economic consequences -- impact on production linkages and methods of production -- and social welfare consequences -- satisfaction of human needs and income distribution. These consequences are assumed to have
been determined in the process of innovation and diffusion of technology.
The approach to the study is multi-disciplinary. Major sources of data are historical data, aggregate data, and survey research data. A sample of 63 professionals (17 public administrators, 35 R&D personnel, and 11 business administrators) in top and middle level management in some selected organizations dealing with policymaking, research and development, and manufacturing in the rubber industry are interviewed and their responses coded in machine-readable form. A set of hypotheses relating to (i) unequal relationships between the periphery and the centre, (ii) organization of production and diffusion of technology, (iii) socio-economic consequences of technological change, and (iv) dependency orientation of the process of innovation, is tested.
The study finds that the process of technological diffusion is closely associated with the patterns of dependency of the industry and its contribution to the socio-economic crisis of the country. The process of technological innovation itself is dependency oriented because the constraints under which the choices are made in that process have a strong dependency orientation. The patterns of demand that the production system generate help maintain the existing structures of dependent production. Public policy for the organization and financing of science and technology (S&T) activities supports the dependency patterns of technological change. There is a significant relationship between the value system of S&T personnel and the dependency patterns of innovations. The dependency syndrome of the process of innovation is constituted of three basic components: the dependency orientation, the theoretical orientation, and the foreign linkage. Thus, the dependency syndrome is a state of mind of the individual who makes choices in the process of innovation.
Some of the important implications of the study are: (i) orientation of technology must receive priority over the expansion of local S&T capacity; (ii) re-structuring of the production system must be linked to S&T policy; (iii) the need for sectoral S&T policies adopting selective strategy is re-affirmed; (iv) integration of S&T institutions rather than differentiation, and an integrative approach to R&D project management is suggested; and (v) a new form of operational links between S&T and public policy institutions is urgent.


title: The total synthesis of some tetrahydrocannabinol metabolites

abstract:
An efficient synthesis of the metabolite 11-hydroxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (2) has been developed, based on the one-carbon homologation of 11-nor-9-ketohexahydrocannabinol (69). The ketone 69 was converted to the intermediate epoxysulphone 77 and cleaved under acid-catalysed conditions using magnesium bromide in ether to give 9β-bromo-11-oxo-hexahydrocannabinol (78b). The metabolite 11-oxo-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (20) was formed as a minor byproduct of this reaction and was reduced to the metabolite 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (1).
Attempts to prepare 1 by the intramolecular displacement of bromide by the phenoxide anion in 78b achieved only limited success; under standard dehydrobromination conditions, however, the metabolite 2 was furnished in 64% overall yield.
An alternative route to the metabolite 1, based on the reaction of 69 with the lithium anion of 1,3-dithiane, met with no success; unidentified products were isolated.


The ideal world of Mrs. Widder's soirée musicale: music, gender, class, and difference in nineteenth century Ontario


title: Finite element study of ultra high pressure vessel design

abstract:
Scope of the thesis is the optimization of the design of a high pressure chamber with particular attention being directed to the geometric configuration of the cylindrical container and to the various loading conditions.
To achieve this objective a series of simulated tests have been conducted using the interactive computer package CLASS. A detailed analysis of the results is presented and the effects of the various design variables are examined.
A Finite Element computer program for axisymmetrical solids, which can handle non-axisymmetrical loads has been developed to further examine the cylinder and steel ring interface, where asymmetrical loads might be applied because of the non perfect matching of the two adjacent surfaces.
Finally, the computer program CLASS has been modified and adapted to the new Finite Element computer program in order to facilitate the introduction of input data and the analysis of results.


title: The Behaviour of Daphnia pulex de Geer in a temperature gradient, with special reference to the effect of exposure to D.D.T. upon the selected temperature

abstract:
The selected temperature of Daphnia pulex de Geer as determined in a horizontal still-water temperature gradient showed no effect of acclimation at 15ºC and 20ºC. Exposure to varying concentrations of the DDT-carrier ethanol resulted in decreases in the selected temperatures to values below that shown by untreated daphnia but concentration-dependence was not shown. A trend to a concentration-dependent increase in selected temperature to values higher than that of untreated daphnia was observed in DDT-treated daphnia. DDT increased the precision of selection of temperature as shown by an increase in percent occurrence about the modal temperatures.
Untreated and ethanol-treated daphnia showed no behavioural abnormalities in the temperature gradient and low concentrations of DDT apparently had no effect on behaviour. Daphnia exposed to high concentrations of DDT occasionally exhibited "cold and warm shock" responses upon entering these regions of the temperature gradient.
It is hypothesized that ethanol lowers and DDT raises the metabolic rate of the whole organism or of its thermal acclimation mechanism, and that these changes in metabolic rate are responsible for the observed changes in selected temperature.


title: Structure and irony in James Hogg's A Justified Sinner

abstract: This thesis is a study of James Hogg's use of structure and irony to achieve aesthetic and thematic unity in A Justified Sinner. Chapter one, for instance, explores the misleading and discrepant attitudes of the two narrators as they are apparent in their depiction of seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Scotland. The second chapter involves a psychoanalytical study of the 'double' motif, and discovers a balanced source of double irony in considering the 'double' as indicative of the problem of narcissism and the problem of consciousness. The middle chapter elucidates two forms of irony in the theme of the relationship between knowledge and perception and in the thematic imagery with which the Faustian quest for special knowledge is parodied. Chapter four considers the relationship between allegorical and realistic modes of irony in the novel. The final chapter considers A Justified Sinner as a tragedy and as a comedy. In each case irony attends both sides of the apparent disunity, and helps significantly in achieving an underlying unity. The thesis concludes with a defense of Hogg's use of structure and irony in providing a satisfying resolution to the dilemmas raised in A Justified Sinner.


title: A short-term cognitive behavioural intervention for impulsive young offenders

abstract: The effects of a short-term cognitive behavioural intervention on the enhancement of impulse control and interpersonal problem-solving ability of incarcerated young offenders was investigated. Subjects in the treatment condition completed five 1.5 hour training sessions over the course of a two-week period. The control group completed the assessment battery with a two-week delay between pre- and post-testing. Training in the treatment condition involved the acquisition of a problem-solving strategy to increase impulse control. It was hypothesized that as a result of training, individuals would improve in both problem solving ability and impulse control responses and would show some ability to generalize these skills to untrained problems. Results indicated that the high needs subjects in the treatment condition made improvements on The Means-End Problem-Solving Procedure, The Matching Familiar Figures Test and The Porteus Maze Test. Implications for future assessment and treatment of adolescent offenders are discussed.


Experimental and numerical analysis of an aft-injected hybrid rocket engine


title: Hypnotic amnesia : a test of the neodissociation hypothesis

abstract:
The present study was designed to test the neodissocation hypothesis of hypnotic amnesia. The predictions made by this hypothesis are based on theoretical distinctions between episodic and semantic memory. Hypnotic amnesia is viewed as an involuntary occurance that renders episodic material inaccessible, and thereby leads to recall deficits on episodic memory tasks. However, the semantic properties of amnesic material supposedly remain unaffected by an amnesia suggestion. For this reason, the neodissociation hypothesis predicts no difference between the responses of amnesic subjects and the responses of non-amnesic subjects on semantic memory tasks.
The present study tested predictions of the neodissociation hypothesis using a paradigm that was based on research results from the area of personality assessment. Research in this area has consistently demonstrated high correlations between certain sets of trait definitions. These findings suggest a highly stable associative network between related traits in semantic memory.
Subjects high in hypnotic susceptibility were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups. All subjects were hypnotized and then presented with a personality profile defining a hypothetical individual (target) on a set of trait dimensions. For all subjects the target was described with two non-critical traits: "basically undependable" and "equally goodnatured and irritable". Two critical traits ("sociable" and "calm") were experimentally manipulated: a) Subjects in the first group learned all four traits (the two non-critical traits and the two critical traits), and then received an amnesia suggestion for one of the critical traits (sociable). b) Those in the second group also learned all four traits and then received and amnesia suggestion for the second critical trait (calm). c) Subjects in the third group served as a control for the first group; they initially learned the two non-critical traits and the critical trait "sociable". The critical trait "calm" was never presented to this group. No amnesia suggestion was administered to these subjects. d) The fourth group served as a control for the second group. Subjects in this group initially learned both non-critical traits and the critical trait "calm". The critical trait, "sociable", was not presented to this group. No amnesia suggestion was administered, e) The fifth group learned all four traits (the two non-critical and the two critical), but was not administered an amnesia suggestion. This group served as a control for both amnesia groups.
In order to compare the responses of amnesic subjects and subjects not given an amnesia suggestion, subjects were given a booklet containing 12 new bipolar dimensions. Three of these trait dimensions were related to sociable and three trait dimensions were related to calm. Subjects' ratings were compared across groups. These ratings constituted the semantic memory task for the experiment. The neodissociation hypothesis predicted that the critical trait (e.g. sociable) initially learned by subjects would continue to influence their ratings on related trait dimensions (e.g. talkative vs. silent). Therefore, on traits related to sociable, the responses of subjects made amnesic for sociable and the responses of subjects given the critical trait sociable but no amnesia suggestion, should not differ.
Results were inconsistent with this prediction. The responses of amnesic subjects were significantly different from the responses of subjects given the critical trait but no amnesia suggestion. In addition, during the suggestion period, the responses of subjects amnesic for a critical trait did not differ significantly from the responses of subjects never given the critical trait. These results suggest that giving subjects an amnesia suggestion for a critical trait significantly influenced their ratings on related trait dimensions (the semantic memory task). Subjects rated the target as though they had never learned the critical information (i.e. ratings were equivalent to the no critical trait groups). Alternative explanations for these results are discussed.


title: Analysis of pedestrian activity on metro station platforms using the time-space technique

abstract:
The study of pedestrian activities in an urban transportation system is very essential for the normal operation of the system. The bulk queueing phenomenon is an interesting type of pedestrian activity, and occurs in pedestrian facilities such as transportation terminals, and urban intersections.
This study considers the bulk queueing phenomenon at metro station platforms. It asserts that the analysis and design of these facilities should be based on the consideration of queueing and circulation area requirements. The time-space technique is used for the first time in the analysis of a metro station platform. The application of the technique was proved to be successful, exactly like its first application for the analysis of pedestrian traffic in urban intersections.
A survey was conducted at a station platform of the Montreal metro system for the collection of the required data, which were then analyzed using a computer program. For the purpose of the use of the time-space method, the arrival distribution of passengers on the platform was studied, in order to calculate the average waiting time of passengers on the platform. The analysis showed that the level of service at the specific platform fluctuates between A and E, depending on the time of the day, and the passenger activities during the analysis (i.e. during the alighting period the level of service is lower than during the headway). In addition, the time-space method was applied for the calculation of the maximum number of passengers that a platform can handle. Finally, the application of the method for the design of a platform was examined, by comparing the results of the time-space technique with the results of a previous design using traditional methods. The results compared favorably, with the time-space method giving a more accurate design.


title: Radon monitor using custom α-detecting MOS integrated circuit

abstract: A passive direct-reading radon monitor utilizing a custom a particle detecting MOS integrated circuit and electrostatic radon progeny concentrator has been designed, built and successfully tested. Experimental results reveal that quantum efficiency for α detection is unity within experimental error. Radon concentrations of 150 Bq/m3 can be detected in 30 hours with ±10% accuracy. This monitor appears suitable for low-cost, high-volume production.


title: Visual-verbal integration in poor and normal readers as a function of age and response material

abstract: The present study examined the acquisition of basic sight-sound correspondences vital to the beginning reading stage as a function of reading ability, age and type of task. Visual-verbal integration in poor and normal readers was examined using a paired-associate learning task technique. All subjects associated both nonsense syllables and real words with Sanskrit forms. It was predicted that poor and normal readers would perform equally well under the real word condition; however, it was expected that normal readers would perform significantly better than poor readers under the nonsense syllable condition. This prediction was only partially confirmed. No significant differences emerged between young reader groups (grade two) under either response condition; however, old reader groups (grade five) differed significantly when they were required to associate nonsense syllables with visual forms prior to pairing real words with visual forms. Results were interpreted in terms of the failure of grade five poor readers to make the transition from decoding to skilled reading which consequently has caused them to fall progressively further behind compared to normal reading classmates. Additionally, the present data pointed out the importance of examining the question of visual-verbal integration as a function of age group under study.


title: The diplomacy of appeasement in the phony war, September 1939 - April 1940

abstract: This study of mostly British and German but also Dutch, and American initiatives to end the war by negotiation before Hitler invaded the West examines Chamberlain's exploration of a settlement with the German resistance. Chamberlain expected an immediate economic collapse of Germany and Hitler's replacement by right-wing conservative/military elements. Their failure to dislodge Hitler should not detract from the significance of the negotiations and the light they throw on both Chamberlain's policy of appeasement and war aims. During the Phony War, Chamberlain's minimum conditions for a settlement increased as his faith in the German resistance's ability to depose Hitler and form a trustworthy Government diminished.


title: An historical, theoretical and experimental study of the broadband antenna problem with application to short pulse probing radars

abstract:
The influence of finite radiating elements on the transmission and reception of large instantaneous bandwidth signals is considered. A description of simple broadband radiators is given together with a detailed explanation of both frequency independent and travelling wave phenomena as applied to antennas. The response, to transient excitation, of conventional broadband radiators is examined on the basis of a literature survey and criteria summarizing the essential antenna characteristics are established. The properties of several transient antennas are evaluated in this context and one, the Wohlers antenna, is selected for further study.
Topics such as the characteristic impedance of planar transmission lines, the principle modes existing on coaxial and biaxial transmission lines, the continuous impedance transformer, and the open termination of resonant structures, are considered in some detail and the results are employed in the fabrication and testing of several prototype Wohlers antennas. The physical and electrical characteristics of the Wohlers antenna aie related in an empirical manner and the overall performance is evaluated using both pulse and monocycle waveforms. The results of preliminary tests, involving the location of dielectric interfaces in lossy media, are given and those aspects of the UHF short pulse radar requiring further refinement are indicated.


title: A hybrid pre-processor for sleep staging using the E.E.G

abstract: A detailed survey concerning the analysis of normal human sleep by examination of electroencephalogram (EEG) data is presented. A critical review of methods which have been undertaken towards automating this process is included to justify the use of a hybrid system for high speed (1/60 real time) automated sleep analysis. Two varieties of feature detectors which form the basis of a hybrid system are then discussed in detail. The application of monolithic phase-locked loops for detection of two specific components of normal sleep (the alpha rhythm and sigma spindles) is described and a detector (delta rhythm) based on zero-crossing, amplitude measurement principles is also investigated. The accuracy of each of the three feature detectors is presented and their potential as elements of a hybrid sleep analysis system is illustrated by the analysis of two all-night EEG recordings. Finally, recommendations for the continuing development of the system are suggested.


title: Studies on a microwave dragging technique for measuring electron drift velocity

abstract:
This thesis is concerned with the measurement of electron drift velocity in the positive column of an unmagnetized, low pressure, arc discharge using a microwave dragging technique based on Fizeau's famous experiment. The discharge is analyzed as if it were a cold plasma drifting with a velocity equal to the average electron drift velocity through the discharge; and to this end, an expression is developed which relates the index of refraction in the observer's coordinate system to that in the rest system of the plasma.
The experimental arrangement used to attempt these measurements is described, but the actual measurements were unsuccessful. Calculations were performed assuming a magnetized plasma, and encouraging results were obtained.
Electron density measurements made on the positive column of the discharge yielded values of 1.5 x 10^12 to 2.0 x 10^12 electrons per cm^3.


title: A computer aided turbojet engine trimming system

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the feasibility of using a digital computer as an aid in trimming the military, J-79-17, turbojet engine. A computer aided trimming system will enable engine maintenance technicians to assess an engine performance rapidly and to make rotor speed and exhaust gas temperature adjustments which may be necessary to improve the engine performance.
Maintenance data recorded during the trimming of 379 J-79-17 engines have been used in developing a mathematical model of the trimming procedure and of the engine performance. A computer has been programmed and used to prove the trimming algorithm by processing the maintenance data. While this thesis was developed for the J-79-17 engine, a similar algorithm may be developed for other turbojet engines.
The equations developed for this thesis and the trimming algorithm are presented along with the results of processing the maintenance data. A trimming system design layout and a description of the computer software are also presented. The advantages and potential of the computer aided trimming system are discussed.


title: A Truck route system evaluation and selection for the City of Hull

abstract: The purpose of the study is to select the optimum truck route system among the generated alternatives which best meets the study objectives. The investigation begins with a state-of-the-art review of urban goods movement and truck route studies, followed by a list of deficiencies in existing approaches. A framework is established for truck route evaluation and selection studies by recommending a goal achievement approach and by discussing data needs and availability. The truck route investigation for the City of Hull required the selection of applicable operational strategies, the generation of network alternatives, the establishment of selection criteria and applicable indicators, the weighting of criteria, the estimation of the effectiveness of the alternatives and the selection of the optimum network. The recommended network and operational strategies, the results of the municipal approval process, the possible refinements to the adopted approach and the recommended political strategies are discussed.


title: Comparison of bandwidth usage : service location protocol and Jini

abstract:
Recently there has been an increase in the development of technologies for resource discovery. This development is mainly because resources such as printers, mail boxes, memory space, and disk space are available in every network, ready to be used by any host. This has been caused, in part, by the growth in the popularity of portable devices such as laptops, PDAs , and cell phones which require configuration each time they attach to a new network segment. Since the configuration of such devices is tedious and sometimes complicated there have been some attempts in recent years to solve this problem, such as the DHCP approach.
This thesis focuses on the bandwidth analysis of two new approaches dealing with resource discovery: the Service Location Protocol (SLP) and Jini. This work is particularly important since communication among the devices is often wireless, where the bandwidth is a limited resource. This thesis is presenting equations for characterizing the usage of bandwidth consumed by SLP and Jini based on their specifications, experiments and previous work.


title: Standing on the corner : aspects of contemporary Canadian sculpture

abstract:
This thesis examines the relationship of object and image in the work of three sculptors, Roland Brener and Mowry Baden, both from Victoria, and Michel Goulet from Montreal. The writer examines the way objects used by these artists are transformed into images in such a way that the interpretation of sculpture is modified. These works stand in opposition to the tradition of formalist sculpture. The invention of the "ready-made" by Marcel Duchamp is acknowledged as the model for the appropriation of so-called "everyday" objects but is expanded to include the relationship of sculpture to objects produced in industrial mass production, as well as the notion of work in a post-industrial society.
The works of Brener, Baden and Goulet will be situated in the larger frame of an international context, providing a theoretical orientation which I believe validates their placement in sculptural discourse as such. In general, this thesis focuses on the material components presented by the works which clearly distinguishes them from the tenets of abstract "formalism". A general model for the analysis of image-based sculpture being produced in Canada is proposed.


Repatriation as a reflection of Stó:lô cultural values: Tset Tháyeltxwem Te lálém S'olh etawtxw (We are building a house of respect)


title: Transcendentalism and ontology in Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology

abstract: Phenomenology has been interpreted as being fundamentally transcendental, as well as, fundamentally ontological. However, these claims are often interpreted as being incompatible. The incompatibility finds its expression in the notion of the paradox of the reduction of intentional analysis. This paper looks at the work of Paul Ricoeur in order to assess whether he has been able to accommodate this paradox, and thus, whether he has been able to manage the tension between transcendentalism and ontology. This assessment includes both his account of methodological idealism and his account of hermeneutic phenomenology. It will be my conclusion that he has been unsuccessful in overcoming the possibility of an inherent incompatibility between the aims of transcendentalism and the aims of ontology within phenomenology.


title: The emergence of the geriatric prison

abstract:
Koolhass has stated that "prisons and the ever-changing attitudes towards detention may be one of the most acute indicators of the changing values of society."1 As such this thesis is concerned with addressing the needs and issues concerning the demoralizing conditions that are present and the inhumane treatment that geriatric inmates are suffering in the nation's correctional system.
There are extreme social and ethical consequences of prison design and it is of increasing importance that we learn how to handle an aging inmate population within the prison system, to ensure that the most marginalized of our society are not further exploited by the ruthlessness of the prison system. Accordingly, this thesis pursues the following ideas, issues and themes:
1.) The History of Incarceration
2.) The Reform Movement
3.) Contemporary Trends in Penal Philosophy and Design
4.) Examination of the Issues Concerning Geriatric Incarceration
5.) Design Program for the Geriatric Prison
1 Koolhaas, Rem. S,M,L,XL: Study for the Renovation of a Panopticon Prison. 010 Publishers, Rotterdam. 1995. page 75.


title: Ethnic identity amongst the mixed-bloods of the Great Lakes Region, 1760-1830

abstract: Between 1740 and 1840 the Great Lakes region supported a sizeable mixed-blood population specialized in the fur trade and Indian affairs. This group did not develop a shared sense of ethnic consciousness during this period. A preference for exogamous mating patterns hindered their ability to form a culturally self-sustaining group. "Marital" alliances crossed ethnic differences more readily than class barriers, channelling inter-group relations along class lines. Surrounding Indian and White groups did not develop identifiable ethnic categories for mixed-blood individuals before 1820. Certain mixed-bloods formed a moving cultural bridge between Indian and White societies, with individuals slipping back and forth between roles in both societies . Mixed-blood social roles and ethnic identities were often the result of individual preference. Gender roles may have been subject to cultural influences from the parent societies that were sex-specific.


title: Pleasingness of melodic sequences

abstract:
An experiment was conducted to examine the application of the optimal-complexity model to musical aesthetics. The model seeks to explain the relationship between the complexity of music and the listener's affective response. In this thesis the underlying harmonic structure of 7-tone melodies was systematically manipulated according to the rules of Western harmony.
Three sets of melodic sequences were created. Two groups of listeners selected on the basis of musical training rated single presentations of sequences on a 6-point scale of either "pleasingness" or "complexity." Effects of repetition were also investigated by having sequences repeat 10 times in a row with listeners rating sequences after each repetition. The results indicated a positive monotonic relationship between "pleasingness" ratings and harmonic structure. This relationship was mirrored by "complexity" ratings which decreased linearly with structure. Differences between the sets occurred for "pleasingness" ratings but not for "complexity" ratings. Repetition effects varied according to the level of harmonic structure. Results suggest that ability of the model to predict affective responses to music may be limited to wide stimulus ranges.


title: Patterns of egg production in mated and unmated females, and the utilization of stored sperm in mated females of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas)

abstract:
This thesis describes a study of the reproductive biology of intact females of Oncopeltus fasciatus, with particular emphasis on longevity, fecundity and egg fertility. Adult females were reared in the laboratory under three experimental regimes: non-mating - isolated from males throughout life; continuous-mating - caged with males continuously; controlled - mating - single mating followed by isolation from males. The age of the females used for controlled mating was varied to determine a possible upper age- limit for mating. Within the controlled mating regime the affect of remating was examined by reintroduction of males to the females. In all regime females were reared in groups and individually.
It was found that Oncopeltus is a very fecund species and that individual females varied greatly in their egg production. Some females were caged in groups, others as individuals and this was found to affect total number of eggs laid and the length of life., e.g., Females living together in groups with males showed a high peak of egg production early and then declined several weeks before death. Whereas females living with males in couples showed steady egg production especially in later life.
It was found that females did not remain fertile for life following a single mating. The average length of fertile period was approximately five weeks, with considerable variability among the individual females. No significant difference was found between the lengths of fertile periods following first and second matings.
Females that were mated late in life showed normal readiness to mate and were fertilized. An upper limit of age for possible mating was found to be about twenty-six weeks.
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title: Stress concentration problems by FEM system "GIFTS" in conjunction with pre- and post-processors optimal reinforcement of holes

abstract:
The largest part of the thesis is concerned with developing pre- and post-processors for testing a General Purpose Interactive Graphically oriented FEM system "GIFTS" for analysis of stress distribution around openings of a variety of shapes, stiffened as well as unstiffened, in a plane elastic field. The problems that have been considered include elliptical holes of arbitrary eccentricity in the plane sheet subjected to any combination of two-directional tension-compression at infinity; neutral holes; equally strong outlines and some other optimal geometrical discontinuities.
In a separate part of the thesis a plane elastostatic problem for a sheet having a circular opening and loaded by uniform biaxial stresses at infinity has been considered. The outline of the hole is reinforced by a rod which may resist only axial deformations. Variation of the cross-sectional area of this stiffener is supposed to be determined so that, firstly, the hoop stress at the adjacent edge of the sheet be uniform along the boundary of the hole, and, secondly, the von Mises stress concentration is minimized along the boundary.


title: Geology and isotope geochemistry of the Beaver-Temiskaming Silver Mine, Cobalt, Ontario

abstract: Silver veins at the Beaver-Temiskaming mine are economic in Archean mafic volcanic and intercalated base-metal sulphide-rich sedimentary rocks, but uneconomic in the Proterozoic Nipissing diabase sill. Textural and isotopic evidence indicate a paragenetic succession of silicates, arsenides-sulpharsenides, silver-sulphosalts-sulphides, and carbonates. Metal zoning in the As-bearing minerals is Ni-Co-Fe. Depositional temperatures were about 210-240°C (oxygen isotopes in silicates), 211-258°C (arsenopyrite composition) and 130-227°C (coexisting sulphides). Carbonate isotopic data were reset by meteoric water. Connate waters, interpreted from fluid inclusion data, equilibrated with Archean sulphide-rich interflow units and overlying Proterozoic detritus (Pb isotopic data) and then deposited these elements in veins after the diabase had cooled sufficiently to fracture.


title: Experimental investigation of boundary-layer control by tangential injection

abstract:
An experimental study of boundary-layer control by tangential injection in a two-dimensional flow is described and data representing eighteen different flows are presented. The data includes a variety of velocity profile types measured on plane and strongly curved surfaces in the presence of a range of adverse pressure gradients.
Two-dimensionality of the flow was established using boundary-layer suction. The quality of this flow was checked by hotwire and total pressure traverses as well as by measurements of static pressure distribution in the spanwise direction.
By varying the momentum flux from blowing slots in plane and curved surfaces placed in close proximity to one another, with a given freestream velocity, a wide variety of adverse pressure gradients was produced. Mean velocity profiles were measured at various positions downstream of the slots on both surfaces for several values of Cμw and Cμc, the momentum coefficients for the plane wall and curved surface slots respectively. The measurements have extended the data available for the types of flow associated with tangential injection and allow further evaluation of prediction methods for various applications of boundary-layer control by blowing.


title: Reduction of variability in computer system response times

abstract: This thesis describes a scheme for providing a nearly constant response time in a multiple user on-line computer system. A holding state is introduced which does not release user tasks until they have spent the requisite elapsed time in the system. While such arrangement increases the mean response time, it reduces the processor utilization of the computer system. There are other compensating considerations which may make this an attractive possibility in a number of applications. The thesis presents a method for designing such systems, based on machine repair theory (i.e. the theory of finite-source M/G/l queues), and on the use of the heavy traffic approximation to determine the proportion of the responses which exceed the design response time.


title: Investigating the Role of Boundary Genes in Plant Vascular Cambiums

abstract: Meristems play an essential role in plant growth and development. Shoot and root apical meristems are responsible for primary elongation growth in shoots and roots, respectively. Secondary or radial growth that follows is dependent on the vascular cambium, a circular meristem that produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (inner bark). Little is known about the vascular cambium, despite its importance to wood formation in trees. Class I KNOX homeodomain transcription factors are important regulators of meristem maintenance in plants. Members of this class, including BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP) maintain the shoot apical meristem in part by preserving boundaries that keep stem cells separate from differentiating organs. The role of boundary genes in the vascular cambium is mostly unknown. Here, I provide evidence that spatial regulation of boundary genes by Class I KNOX genes is important for different reasons in the vascular cambiums of stem and root-hypocotyl in Arabidopsis thaliana, a model


title: Édition annotée de La Fille Sauvage ou La Sauvagesse (1732) d’Alain-René Lesage et Jacques-Philippe d’Orneval: La Représentation de la Figure Amérindienne

abstract:
Résumé Cette thèse propose une édition annotée de La Sauvagesse (1732), pièce d'Alain-René Lesage et Jacques-Philippe d'Orneval qui fait partie du recueil Le Théâtre de la Foire, ou L'Opéra Comique (1737). Ce faisant, nous apportons deux contributions aux études littéraires. D'abord, nous proposons un texte fiable qui rendra l'œuvre plus accessible au lecteur du XXIe siècle, en plus d'accroître nos connaissances sur le Théâtre de la Foire, parent pauvre du théâtre classique. Ensuite, en explorant le scénario de la pièce, nous apportons une nouvelle perspective sur la représentation de la figure amérindienne dans l'imaginaire de l'Ancien Régime.
Keywords: La Sauvagesse, Théâtre de la Foire, Opéra-Comique, XVIIIe siècle, Lesage, imaginaire colonial des Amériques.


title: The Development of Emergency Management Networks A Case Study of the Province of Ontario

abstract: Networks have been argued to be essential in the field of emergency management for the design of policies and delivery of programs. Networks have been theorized to be capable of becoming the dominant governance structure in sectors of society. However, how networks develop and why they are rising in prominence is a contested issue. Moreover, the increasing prominence of networks in governance has complex implications that have yet to be fully explored. This thesis uses process tracing to knit together the analysis of provincial emergency response plans, after action reports, and semi-structured interviews with twenty-three emergency management professionals in order to make inferences on the development of characteristics of emergency management networks and governance in the Province of Ontario between the years of 1991 and 2018. This thesis contributes to an understanding of how and why emergency management networks and governance in the province have developed during this time.


title: Constraint Programming Technique for the Automated Combination of Networks of Functional Groupings of Spiking Neurons

abstract:
Existing training techniques for spiking neural networks tend to be monolithic in nature and scale poorly to larger networks.
This thesis aims to address this issue by providing an automated technique for combining certain types of functional groupings of spiking neurons into composite functional networks. The technique takes the form of an algorithm which uses constraint programming to ensure that four axioms hold true in the network; the axioms having been designed to ensure that signals arrive simultaneously to component groupings. A number of experiments were conducted in which the algorithm was used to combine component groupings into more complex composite networks; these experiments show the practical utility of the algorithm and reinforce by demonstration the correctness of the axioms. Networks designed for the experiments include memory registers which store binary values, binary counters, and a robot-control network for navigating a variant of the maze described by the T-Maze problem.


title: Real-World Evaluation of Dynamic Eco-Driving Connected Vehicle Technology on an Arterial Roadway with Semi-Actuated Signals

abstract: There are numerous strategies that are being explored to reduce fuel consumption and the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector. One of these strategies revolves around optimizing driving behaviour, especially in the vicinity of signalized intersections. Real-world testing of EcoDrive, a connected vehicle application, was conducted over a period of months on an arterial roadway with semi-actuated and connected traffic signals. Green light optimal speed advisories and other velocity planning messages were communicated by means of two -way wireless network connectivity to drivers based on the current vehicle position and real-time signal phase information. Vehicle positioning, at a single second resolution, was used to estimate emissions by way of a state of the art emission modeling software. A reduction in carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of 9.62% and a 9.64% fuel savings were observed while travel time was not significantly altered.


title: Impact of Adoption of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices on a Firm's Performance

abstract: Increasing awareness of the importance of ecological and social aspects of effects of business operations has led to a growing interest in sustainability. To this end, many firms are adopting supply chain management practices that are expected to foster sustainability along their supply chains. This research studies the effect of drivers on adoption of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices and impact of this adoption on the performance of a firm. Effect of size on the latter impact is also studied. For this, we follow Elkington's (1997, 1999, 2006) triple bottom line model of a firm's sustainability comprising of economic, environmental and social aspects. After an exhaustive literature review, the hypotheses proposed in this study were tested by an empirical study. Survey data was gathered and analyzed using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling. The results of this study provide substantial insights into the effects of SSCM practices and their relation to firm performance.


title: Availability-Aware Secure Application Offloading for Mobile Edge Computing

abstract: Mobile edge computing (MEC) literally pushes cloud computing to the life radius of end users. The state-of-the-art mobile edge applications (MEApps) are posing rigorous latency requirements to service providers, as well as the need of security and high availability. However, vulnerabilities exist for both cloud and MEC environments. In this dissertation, our goal is to create a secure MEC environment for hosting MEApps with high availability, and to encourage resource sharing by both users for their Customer-premises equipment (CPE) and service providers (SPs) for their MEC hosts. While there is a number of challenges to achieve the goal, we present four parts of work to address these challenges. We first investigate the security issues in offloading applications and analyze vulnerabilities by modules of an application. A model called EdgePlace is formulated as a stochastic programming problem with a heuristic algorithm to leverage affinity and anti-affinity host placement rules for higher availability and lower cost. We then present IoT-B&B, an architecture featuring resource sharing of physical CPE nodes, with the goal to leverage unused resources at the network edge and to share them with users across the network edge. At last, we propose EdgeChain, a model for making fair MEApps placement decisions for multiple SPs and a heuristic placement algorithm for MEApps across different SPs. The algorithm is intended to run by multiple service providers for consensus and the placement decisions can be recorded onto a blockchain for the fairness of the results.


title: Empirical Studies on Selection and Travel Performance of Eye-tracking in Virtual Reality

abstract: We presented two studies on VR selection and travel performances using eye-based interaction via FOVE head-mounted display (HMD). Our selection experiment was modelled after the ISO 9241-9 reciprocal selection task, with targets presented at varying depths in a custom virtual environment. We compared eye-based and head-based in isolation, and the combination of eye-tracking and head-tracking. Results indicate that eye-only offered the worst performance in terms of error rate, selection times, and throughput. Head-only offered significantly better performance. In our travel study, the task involved controlling movement direction while flying through target rings in the air by seven techniques. We found that the completion time and success rates of head+eye were very close to head-only, while eye-only did not perform better than head+eye due to learning effects and calibration issues, which also yield high cybersickness. Head+eye compensated for the eye-tracker issues and would be potentially an alternative to traditional traveling techniques.


title: Relink: Lifeline in Eqaluit

abstract: Architects draw.Drawing is fundamental to architectural thinking, communication and organization and this thesis explores the nature of architectural drawing by using drawing methods as a form of research. Architecture has the capacity to position information in relationships that are a catalyst for creating productive dialog between inter-connected technological, environmental and societal systems.The speculative spaces produced in this work create multiple narratives through complexity on this site. As such, the drawings of the project are an examination of the abstract spatial possibilities, with attention to the quantifiable needs on such a challenging site. The speculative spaces produced through this process can be read as new narratives and new organizational structures for spatial thinking in the North. Drawing from local cultural practices, this thesis investigates alternative drawing methods for an environment that is not easily perceived or measured by known architectural conventions.


title: The Effect of Unsolicited Online Product Feedback Orientation on Product Development Success in the North American Consumer Electronics Industry

abstract: Product development organisations develop both new and improved products with hopes that these products will succeed in the highly competitive consumer electronics industry. However, this task has become increasingly difficult as this industry experiences with fierce competition, increased product costs and complexity, decreased time to market and increased customer awareness. One method for improving product development success that is yet to be adopted readily is the integration of unsolicited online product feedback (UOPF) that is found online in the form of virtual community, social network and blog/vlog posts, and online product reviews. This study first examined the state of the current research on the topic including how and why product development organisations are using UOPF. Second, a model of the direct and mediating effects of UOPF orientation (UOPFO) on the process and product dimensions of product development success was tested. Results indicate that UOPFO is a full mediator of the effect of customer orientation on process success. Conversely, UOPFO is a partial mediator of the effect of cross-functional integration on process success. As was found in previous studies, the effect of customer orientation on product success was only observed for marketing managers and not for R&D managers. Surprisingly, no effect of UOPFO on product success was observed. Ultimately, UOPF is still an under-researched source of customer feedback that warrants additional academic attention through studies such as the one presented in this thesis document.


title: Distributed Real-Time Analysis of High-Velocity Many-Dimensional Data Sets

abstract:
Fast aggregation of data with many hierarchical dimensions is a key component of many data analysis applications. Recent years have seen increased interest in the ability to do so in real-time, allowing live analysis of rapidly changing data sets. At the same time, data sets of interest have increased in size well beyond the capabilities of a single machine to process efficiently. With the widespread availability of virtualized cloud computing environments, organizations increasingly demand systems that can be deployed on commodity platforms.
Though each of these requirements in isolation can be addressed with well-known solutions, their combination introduces several system design challenges. As a result, users are forced to sacrifice certain functionality, or use several systems to handle different uses of the same data set.
This dissertation proposes a scalable distributed system, VelocityOLAP (VOLAP), which meets all of these requirements at once. Specifically, the system can ingest data at a very high rate while answering queries which aggregate large fractions of the database. Users are not required to "slice" along particular dimensions or generate separate indices in order to query the database. Data is distributed across many machines, and the system can grow or shrink dynamically to accommodate changing load. The distribution of data is dynamically adjusted to maintain performance and provide fault-tolerance without interrupting real-time processing. The system can provide strong guarantees that query results are fresh, even as new items are inserted at a high rate.
These results are achieved by building the system around a spatial index data structure which is specially designed to store hierarchical multi-dimensional data with rapid ingestion. Despite the lack of any user tuning for specific query workloads, extensive benchmarks on diverse data sets confirm that VOLAP scales well and can maintain high performance for a wide range of queries on a large and rapidly growing database.


title: Welcome to Gypsonia:  In Defense of a Contemporary Vernacular of Generic Materials

abstract:
In the built environments of the West, the totalizing success of mass-produced building materials and assemblies has led to a homogenization of interior space. This condition is exemplified by the pervasive use of drywall and acoustic ceiling tiles that have, since their widespread implementation in the 1950s, become ubiquitously unavoidable materials. These materials and assemblies constitute a type of contemporary vernacular that has resulted in spaces that are variable and yet indistinguishable from one another.
Implicated in the widespread use of standardized materials, assemblies and details raise questions of control, authorship and agency in architectural practice. Positioning these wall and ceiling assemblies in relation to their modernist origins and investigating their current implementation, this thesis aims to highlight the significance of drywall and drop ceilings using a series of installations that draw attention to the use and implications of this disregarded set of materials.


title: The Safe Third Country Agreement: An Analysis Thirteen Years Later

abstract: Over the past few years, there have been several changes in the US and Canadian refugee policies, as well as changes in international refugee law and global sentiments towards refugees. In this thesis, I will be analyzing the Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA) between the US and Canada, which came into force in 2004. I will look at the debates and arguments that surrounded the STCA during its early stages and how those debates have evolved since its implementation. I will be exploring whether these changes are extensive enough to render the STCA ineffective. I will also unpack the meaning of major concepts and terms within the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol. I hope to determine to what extent these new developments have affected the status of the STCA, whether it should be suspended or eliminated, and what that would mean for security and border management strategies.


title: Liberating Legal Education: Using Critical Feminist Pedagogy to Educate on the Problems of Oppression and Gender-Based Violence

abstract: Both the criminal justice system and post-secondary institutions have deep histories of racism, inequality, and misogyny. Recent legislative changes have sought to remedying this reality through policy and judicial education. This thesis takes up these issues by arguing that post-secondary institutions, especially law schools, should dismantle these inequalities by ensuring that students are educated on these difficult issues prior to the beginning of their legal careers. This thesis uses both theoretical and empirical work to show that critical feminist pedagogies should be used in order to challenge the inequality present in a academic institutions, and present students with a broader understanding of oppression and gender-based violence. It present a practical application of progressive pedagogies and how relational theory can help bridge the gap between privilege and experience when dealing with subjects of oppression and violence.


title: How to Make a Criminal: A Genealogy of the Youth Criminal Justice System in Canada

abstract: Youth criminal justice has been an ongoing narrative in Canada from the late 19th century which has interacted with the questions of the role of young people and appropriate punishments from the beginning. This project discusses those questions as a Foucauldian genealogy and considers how youth punishment is justified in Canada. Beginning with the work of John Joseph Kelso and the child saving movement from the late 19th century, the narrative of youth justice in Canada carries through the conversation surrounding the Juvenile Delinquents Act, the Young Offenders Act, and the Youth Criminal Justice Act. Through the public and federal debates, themes of hope and futurity, responsibilisation, and differing understandings of youth in society are constructed, which this project seeks to develop and explore.


title: Numerical Modelling of Hollow Concrete Block Masonry Mechanics

abstract:
The complex interaction between materials used to make masonry elements causes the mechanics of hollow concrete masonry to not be fully understood. To gain a better understanding of hollow concrete masonry mechanics, this thesis presents three numerical models to describe these mechanics from the micro to the macro level.
The Smeared Area Compression Model is a numerical model for predicting the compression strength of ungrouted and grouted hollow concrete masonry, using equilibrium, compatibility, and constitutive relationships. The model uses a smeared area approach to construct a composite stiffness matrix from each material's secant stiffness matrix accounting for any strength enhancement or degradation.
The Simplified Smeared Area Compression Model and Design Smeared Area Compression Equations are extensions of the Smeared Area Compression Model for use in design codes. The models are verified against 247 masonry prism tests. The Smeared Area Finite Element Model is a numerical model for predicting the stress, strain, displacement, and crack patterns of ungrouted, grouted, and reinforced masonry structures. The model is a micro-macro-model, which uses a smeared rotating crack model and combines the average macroscopic representation of the masonry behavior with the local response of mortar joints. The model uses equilibrium, compatibility, and constitutive relations specific designed for masonry. The model is verified against 89 experimental tests.
The Three Parameter Kinematic Theory captures the complete prepeak and postpeak response of cantilevered reinforced masonry shear walls using three degrees of freedom. The wall is separated into two parts by a diagonal crack, an upper rigid block and a lower fan of struts. The mechanisms of shear resistance across this crack are modeled with nonlinear springs. The base section of the wall is also modeled to account for yielding of the reinforcement and crushing of the masonry. The model is verified against 40 experimental tests.
Each one of these models is shown to be accurate in its predictions. Additionally, each model produces simple equations that can be used to predict key masonry properties, which ultimately helps engineers to design safer structures and more accurately assess the safety of existing construction.


title: The Ballistic Response of Particle-Filled Elastomeric Systems

abstract: The present study investigates the complex multiscale ballistic response of particle-filled polymer composites in an effort to link the bulk material behaviour to variations in the microstructure. The multiphase systems under investigation consist of micron-sized ceramic powders integrated within a siloxane elastomer to create flexible particulate composites. In particular, the role of the particulate phase is assessed by varying the fifiller volume fraction, material, and morphology. The experimental investigation concerns the ballistic penetration of thick targets impacted by 16-grain steel fragment simulating projectiles in the range of 200 - 900 m/s. Incident and residual velocities were measured using high-speed videography techniques. Three projectile nose geometries were considered (i.e., flat-nosed, chisel-nosed, and hemispherical) in order to note differences in the ballistic response of composites.


title: A Framework to Study the Resilience of Organizations: A Case Study of a Nuclear Emergency Plan

abstract:
Nowadays, building resilience is a key topic in many research fields such as Management, Engineering, Psychology or Ecology. The frequency increase of natural and anthropogenic disasters and the consciousness about their effects are among the reasons why resilience has gained importance and Governments are investing money in boosting the resilience of organizations, infrastructure, cities, individuals, etc.
However, there is not much research on specific methodologies to design resilient organizations. A main goal of our research is to improve this aspect providing a framework to design resilient organizations. We explain how to design resilient organizations based on the Viable System Model principles. Then, we focus on an important aspect for being resilient: the communications. We use as a case study a Nuclear Emergency Plan from Spain to show the applicability of our framework.
Since the communications in an organization can be modeled as a diffusion process in multiplex networks, and we did not find any suitable architecture to study them in the context of our case study, the architecture we design in this thesis is generic and allows us to model and simulate any kind of diffusion process in a dynamic multiplex network.


title: Lexical Bundles in University First Year Economics Textbooks

abstract: Lexical bundles (LBs) have been a rich topic of study for the last few decades. The present corpus-based study identifies the most frequently used LBs in first year Economics textbooks used in a number of Canadian universities. LBs are classified according to the functional taxonomy of LBs (Biber et al., 2004a). The First Year Economics Textbook Corpus (FYETC) is a specialized corpus built especially for this study. WordSmith Tools 6.0 was used to extract the LBs from FYETC. To verify the results, three judges reviewed the FYETC LBs list. The results show that referential bundles are dominant in FYETC, and quantity reference is the biggest subcategory. The final product of the study is a list of 165 LBs classified functionally along with some suggestions to improve the performance of the functional taxonomy. The findings can be of interest to EAP/ESP teachers, curriculum designers, and/or business and economics students.