title: A Total Synthesis of Protoberberine Alkaloids

contributor:
MacLean, D. B.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
The synthesis of protoberberines developed in this laboratory by Kiparissides has been studied in greater detail. The key intermediate in this synthesis is formed by the condensation of 3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-N-(2,3-dimethoxybenzyl)-isoquinolinium chloride with the anion of methyl methylthiomethylsulfoxide. Careful chromatography of the product has established that it is a complex mixture of diastereomers. The separated fractions were individually cyclized to dihydropalmatine chloride, which was isolated in crystalline form directly from the reaction mixture. This quarternary salt was reduced directly to tetrahydropalmatine, and also used in the synthesis of corydaline.

This work has also shown that isoquinolines may be substituted for 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines as starting materials in the synthetic sequence.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: A Protocol For A Retrospective Cohort Analytic Study To Determine The Relative Risk Of Abnormal Reproductive Outcomes For Medical Laboratory Technologists Compared To Physiotherapists

contributor:
Chambers, Larry W. (Larry William)
Medical Sciences

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract:
A retrospective cohort analytic study will be conducted to compare the incidence of abnormal reproductive outcomes of members of the Canadian Society of Laboratory Technologists with that of members of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association in order to identify exposures which may pose a threat to the reproductive process.

Members of each of the organizations will be mailed a questionnaire requesting demographic and health information. A second questionnaire requesting detailed information about reproductive outcomes will be sent to those subjects who have experienced pregnancies in the previous five years. Additional mailings by conventional mail and special delivery wil be used to increase the response rate. Subjects who have given birth to stillborn children or children with congenital abnormalities and a random sample of those who have had miscarriages will be asked to provide written consent for their physician to be contacted to provide confirmatory information from their medical record.

The analyses will compare rates of abnormal reproductive outcomes in total and by specific type between laboratory technologists and physiotherapists controlling for age, parity, smoking status, infection, X-ray, drug and alcohol exposure during pregnancy.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Education Economy and Class in Colonial Jamaica 1700-1944

contributor:
Howard, R.E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This discussion of colonial education in Jamaica proceeds by means of the dialectical method to answer several questions. Why did schooling emerge in Jamaica? Why did it assume its characteristic forms? What social forces acted upon the educational system either as dynamic or conservative influences? The dialectical method, outlined in Chapter One, consists of a sociological account of reality on two levels; conceptually separate yet linked inextricably on the causal plane. Society, as a particular socio-historical conjuncture, has a distinct and palpable existence. Social institutions, such as education, may perform important functions in its maintenance. However, the appearance of social stasis is illusory. Dynamic processes within the social relations of production undermine existing social reality while laying the foundations of future social reality. Education, therefore, is not only static and conservative but also simultaneously dynamic and progressive. Chapter Two surveys literature on education which has been influential in forming the perspective of this work. Chapter Three examines the English educational experience from 1700-1920 whose influence on Jamaican schooling was determined by the relation of dominance and subordination between metropole and satellite. Chapter Four provides a political-economic account of the colonial Jamaican social formation and articulates the dynamics, for example class conflict, propelling social change and hence educational change, in the colonial era. In Chapters Five and Six substantive data concerning the development of schooling in Jamaica is drawn upon to substantiate the various hypotheses entertained in this work.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Elasto-Plastic Finite Element Analysis of Rectangular Hollow Section T-Joint

contributor: Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics

subject:
Civil Engineering
Engineering Mechanics
Civil Engineering

abstract:
A research program is presented to analyze the behaviour of rectangular hollow section (RHS) T-joints in the elasto-plastic range of loading. An attempt was made to obtain the joint ultimate and working strengths. The study includes the determination of both rotational and punching shear stiffnesses of the RHS T-joint due to applied moment and branch member axial loads respectively.

Two different joint types were analyzed, the unreinforced T-joint and the haunch reinforcement type. In both cases, the chord top flange was considered as a thin plate loaded on the perimeter of the rigid inclusion, and supported by coupled springs along its longitudinal edges, thus simulating the action of the side walls and connecting bottom flanges. Transverse from the joint, were taken as simple supported.

The finite element formulation that is proposed incorporates rectangular plate and boundary elements with springs. The model is then used to study elastic connections. The joint stiffness values are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature.

Finally, a study of the RHS T-joint behaviour under both axial load and applied moment, in the elastic-plastic range of loading, is presented. The sensitivity of joints to different geometric parameters of width ratio, λ, haunch size, λ₁, and chord thickness, t, for the entire range of loading is included. A prediction of the ultimate and working loads and moments that can be resisted by RHS T-joints, is given.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The effect of leader empowering behaviours on staff nurses workplace empowerment, psychological empowerment, organizational commitment, and absenteeism

contributor:
Browne, Gina B.
Nursing

subject: Nursing Nursing

abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between staff nurses' perceptions of their leader's use of empowering behaviours and their perception of workplace empowerment, psychological empowerment and organizational commitment, and absenteeism. A correlation study was conducted by survey in three acute care teaching hospitals, that had recently merged and undergone restructuring and downsizing. Data was collected from a sample of 191 staff nurses employed full time. Six separate measuring instruments were used: (a) Leader Empowering Behaviours Scale; (b) three tools to measure the Kanter's (1977) construct for workplace empowerment: Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire, Job Activities Scale and the Organizational Relationship Scale; (c) Spreitzer's (1995) Psychological Empowerment Scale; and (d) Meyer and Allen's (1991) Organizational Commitment Scale. Absenteeism was measured from data on days absent collected from the employees' payroll files. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science programs (SPSS) analysis. The findings confirmed that nurses' perceptions of leader empowering behaviours were: (1) significantly related to their perceptions of workplace empowerment structures; access to opportunity, information, support and resources, formal power, informal power and global empowerment (p = <.001); (2) significantly related to their perceptions of psychological empowerment gestalt and the subscales autonomy, impact (p = <.001) and meaning (p = .006), but not significantly related to confidence (p = .139); (3) significantly related to their perceptions of overall organizational commitment, affective and normative commitment (p = .001), but not significantly related to continuance commitment (p = .617); and (4) not significantly related to absenteeism. The study suggest the need for further study and consideration of methodological issues in the study of leadership and absenteeism.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Identity Theory - An Exploration of the Powers and Limitations of a General Social Scientific Theory of Religion

contributor:
Mol, Hans
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis undertakes a critical analysis and constructive development of Dr. Hans Mol's identity theory of religion, with an eye to more broadly exploring the complex methodological problems besetting the social scientific study of religion in general. The identity theory of religion is examined in three distinct, yet overlapping and developmentally related, analytical contexts. In the first place the theory is seen as an outgrowth of the basic tensions present in the community of scholars concerned with the 'scientific' study of religion. Arguing that the field of religious studies as a whole is unnecessarily burdened by an outmoded understanding of 'scientific' endeavor, an alternative methodological approach to the theory of religion is advanced based upon the work of the culture theorist Clifford Geertz and the philosopher of science Karl Popper. The value of the identity theory of religion is judged to be appreciable to the extent that it demonstrates accord with the new methodological realism outlined. Secondly, the content and implications of the identity theory are surveyed, turning in particular to a comparative analysis with Peter Berger's popular sociological theory of religion. In the third and final analytical context an argument is made for the presence of a 'conservative bias' in the identity theory of religion as presently formulated which unnecessarily restricts its proper methodological development. This state of affairs comes to light most clearly with regard to Mol's treatment of the central analytical category of identity itself. To counteract this situation it is argued that a proper operationalization of the identity theory of religion must be effected through the elaboration of the systems theory-like qualities of Dr. Mol's approach.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Left-Weberian Critical Sociology as Ideology

contributor:
Levitt, Cyril
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: Much of contemporary Anglo-American radical social criticism, although paying intellectual homage to the work of Karl Marx, is firmly rooted in the modern liberal ideological tradition - corporate liberalism that began to evolve with the development of monopoly capitalism. Left-Weberian critical sociology, represented in this thesis by the work of C. Wright Mills, Alvin W. Gouldner and Thomas B. Bottomore, is one form of Anglo-American social criticism, and is the focus of study for this work. It is contended that left-Weberian social criticism is a corporate liberal moral reaction to the absurdities and excesses of monopoly capitalism. Theorists of this school of radical thought acknowledge that liberal democracy is more or less a sham, that individuals lack the power of decision-making because their lives are dominated by huge rationalized social structures. They, as intellectuals who believe that ideas matter and should be instrumental in creating a rational, democratic society, are outraged to find themselves "on the outside looking in"; they are ineffectual and politically impotent. However, moral outrage is not sufficient to transcend the limitations of their epistemological and social bases. They firmly reject the apparent reality of corporate capitalism, yet, cannot go beyond it in thought because their radicalism depends not only on an actual adherence to corporate liberalism, but also on the social position of the intellectual within corporate capitalist society. That is to say, their radicalism depends on an ultimate acceptance of bourgeois society. It is in this sense that left-Weberian critical sociology is a form of bourgeois ideology, even though not sanctioning the power of the ruling class per se.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Geometric Modelling of Sheet Metal Stampings

contributor:
Sowerby, R.
Metal Forming

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
A technique has been developed for the assessment of the magnitude and direction of the principal finite strains from measurements made on a deformed pair of lines. The analytical procedure leads to the establishment of a symmetric second order tensor which is not one of the classical large deformation tensor defined in many Continuum Mechanics texts, but is much simpler in form and readily applicable to the determination of natural strains in sheet metal forming operations.

Another aspect of this work has been an attempt to provide a new method (Geometric Modelling) for blank development and the investigation of possible strain distributions in forming sheet metal components. It is a computer technique simulating the traditional manual calculations performed by experienced tool designers.

The present work describes the formulation of the fundamental theory of the method and the basic geometric assumptions which are employed. Two particular examples have been considered; one is forming a sheet on a smoothly analytically defined surface and the other is forming the corner section of an automotive stamping.

The detailed analytical procedure is implemented in FORTRAN code. The analysis has been performed without access to advanced computer graphics. However; the results suggest that the basic approach is feasible and that future modelling using interactive computer graphics may well be attainable.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Herbert Marcuse's Concept of Human Nature

contributor:
Greenspan, Louis
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This thesis is an examination of Herbert Marcuse's concept of human nature. Starting from within the framework of traditional psychoanalysis, Marcuse uses some of its basic tenets such as "repression" to reveal a dimension of thought not usually associated with Freudianism. Marcuse's emphasis on repression, for example, reiterates Freud's basic position. That is, repression must be understood in its capacities as both an ontogenetic (individual) and phylogenetic (societal) function. But, unlike Freud, Marcuse views this notion of repression as more than simply a "given" psychoanalytical fact. The character of repression is, rather, historically acquired and, consequently, modifiable through time. Accordingly, an appreciation of psychoanalytical categories suggests an investigation into their political composition.

It is argued that the relationship of psychoanalysis, as an investigation of individual psychology; to politics clearly indicates an inextricable link between the two. The individual or ontogenetic factors contributing to human nature cannot be disassociated from societal or phylogenetic considerations. Moreover, Marcuse's view of this correspondence as a dynamic or dialectical rather than static relationship illustrates his radical point of departure from traditional psychoanalytical thought. That Marcuse arrives at this conclusion using some of the most fundamental assumptions posited by Freud represents his unique contribution to the field of psychoanalysis.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Struggle Continues: An Analysis of Conflict in the Canadian Post Office

contributor:
Cuneo, C.J.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The Thesis examines the nature of management - union relations in the Canadian Post Office since the advent of collective bargaining in 1967. The Thesis focuses on the reasons for the numerous strikes, work slowdowns and poor postal service. It is suggested the bitter postal conflict of the last decade is a product of the highly restrictive nature of the collective bargaining process and the massive reorganization of the postal network in the 1970's. It is argued that the collective bargaining process prevented the Canadian Union of Postal Workers (CUPW) from negotiating such critical issues as health and safety, job security and technological change. In particular, the lack of any 'legal' right to negotiate autanation of internal mail processing combined with the Post Office management's refusal to eliminate the adverse effects of automation, created the conditions for a 'protracted war' between management and the postal union. Postal automation brought about profound changes in the postal workplace. Not only was manual sortation replaced as the 'hub' of mail processing, but postal workers found themselves working in a progressively more dangerous, noisy and otherwise adversely changed work environment. Postal workers required an 'open' collective bargaining framework to come to grips with the many changes in the method and organization of work. Lastly, it is argued that the transformation of the Post Office Department into a Crown corporation will not promote a better labour relations climate in the Post Office unless the postal corporation's management is prepared to negotiate technological change. Moreover, management must accept what negotiating automation implies -'humanizing' the Post Office workplace.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Moral Development and its Explanation: Kohlberg's Structuralism

contributor:
Simpson, E.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This study examines Lawrence Kohlberg's Cognitive-Development theory of moral development and its relation to moral education. Kohlberg's structuralism is called into question as an explanation of the established facts of moral development, and it is suggested that alternative explanations may be at least equally satisfactory. The close connection between Kohlberg's formalist value-theory and his psychological explanation is then explored. It is found that they are mutually involved and that both are of doubtful coherence. After some of the connexions between Kohlberg's value-theory and his prescriptions for education are noted, an attempt is made to house the facts of development within an explanation embodying a contrasting theory of value. It is suggested that the alternative value-theory offered, and the concomitant explanation of moral development, are both truer to our experience of moral action and moral learning. The importantly different implications of the alternative explanation for education are then sketched. In conclusion, a plea is made for a re-opening of the competition between alternative explanations of moral development. It is suggested that without such critical inquiry, moral education programmes deriving from Kohlberg's work lack theoretical justification.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Time Series Identification in Structural Dynamics

contributor:
Tlusty, J.
MacGregor, J. F.
Manufacturing Engineering

subject:
Industrial Engineering
Manufacturing
Industrial Engineering

abstract: A software package for the identification of the modal parameters, of a n-degree of freedom system, in the time domain has been developed. A systematic method leading to an adequate discrete time series model from a set of discrete data has been summarized and the results of the testing and the use of the computer package have been presented.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Intranuclear Mean Free Paths of Energetic Nucleons

contributor:
Harms, A. A.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: Intranuclear mean free paths of nucleons which are incident on heavy nuclei with a kinetic energy in the range 100 MeV to 800 MeV are investigated. The heavy nucleus is modelled as a Fermi gas of nucleons. Relativistic scattering theory is employed under the assumption that on average the nucleon which is struck will initially be at rest. Constraints imposed by the Pauli Exclusion Principle are incorporated. The results can be used to solve problems in accelerator shielding and accelerator breeder technology.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Potential Solubility of Waste Materials

abstract:
A standard solubility test can be used to assess the potential hazard associated with a wide variety of industrial wastes. This test will provide regulatory agencies with a more efficient tool with which to protect receiving waters and hence to establish environmental safeguards. Further, data generated by solubility testing will enable engineers to optimize disposal' site selection, criteria and design.

A comparison of nineteen leaching tests was performed to determine the features to be incorporated into an ideal solubility test. Most of the procedures reviewed were geared to the specific waste and method of disposal and few provided guidance on how to apply the test data to the field situation. From the comparison, the shake type procedure was found to be superior to column leaching. The attributes of an ideal solubility test incorporating shaking were identified.

Legislation, guidelines and objectives respecting disposal must be considered before an assessment is made of the inherent hazard in a waste. A review of these documents revealed that some requirements relate to effluents while other relate to receiving water quality. A comparison is made of the various criteria that require compliance for water quality in the U.S.A. and Canada (Ontario).

Developmental laboratory research into solubility testing was performed in the Construction Materials Laboratory at McMaster University. Background data and information are presented and the procedure adopted finally, the McMaster Modified Solubility Test (MMST), is outlined. The major features of this procedure include:

- The use of acidic and neutral leaching solutions

- Gentle but effective agitation technique

-Use of desorption isotherms to specify optimum leaching solution to waste proportions

-Use of batch kinetics to specify optimum shaking time

-A means of interpreting the data.

The MMST is performed with wastes whose physical and chemical nature warrants a detailed investigation into their solubility limits. These wastes include settling basin sludge from a chemical process, municipal incinerator residue, and raw and solidified industrial sludge. Some conclusions regarding leaching patterns are presented.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Control of Slopping in Basic Oxygen Steelmaking

contributor:
Lu, W-K.
Meadowcroft, T. R.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Metallurgy
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
Methods for controlling slopping (slag overflow) were studied in the Steel Company of Canada's Hilton Works basic oxygen furnace installation. A link was established between slopping and various operating conditions by drawing on the experience of the furnace operators and by examining ingot yield data. An on-line control system was developed which used changes in the temperature of the furnace waste gases to signal when corrective action should be taken to prevent slopping. During trials, this system reduced slopping and increased ingot yield by approximately one percent.

The chemical composition of slag from normal and slopping heats was studied in an attempt to determine why slopping occurs. The results of this study support a mechanism proposed by F. Bardenheuer (Ref. 21) which relates increases in slag foaming in the B.O.F. to the precipitation of dicalcium silicate and overoxidation.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Voltaire and the Socinians

contributor:
Grant, George P.
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This dissertation answers two questions: Why did Voltaire have such a consistent interest in and high regard for Socinians; and did Socinianism have any direct influence on his thought? To treat these questions, first, late seventeenth and early eighteenth century French language sources were used to outline the history of Socinianism and to show what Socinians were thought to be in Voltaire's time. Then Voltaire's life and works were carefully examined for evidence of Socinianism. The most important works for this were the Correspondence, the Lettres philosophiques, the Essai sur les moeurs, and the Dictionnaire philosophique. The study concluded that Voltaire used Socinianism primarily as a weapon in his battle against Christianity and that Socinianism had no direct influence on his religious convictions.

A topic treated in considerable detail from both published works and manuscripts was the question of Socinian influence in mid-Eighteenth century Genevois Calvinism. Voltaire, d'Alembert, and the other philosophes were, it would seem, correct in attributing Socinianism to the Genevois of this era.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Optimal Fiscal Strategy for Economic Stabilization: An Econometric Study with Illustrative Application to Canada

contributor:
Denton, F. T.
Economics / Economic Policy

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: The primary objective of this thesis is to develop a methodology for applying econometric models to problems of economic policy, and to illustrate it in terms of fiscal policy by applying it to problems of economic stabilization in Canada during the period 1967-69. It was assumed that the fiscal policy-maker in Canada has a preference (loss) function which is a weighted sum of squared deviations between the actual and the desired values of two target variables (changes in the GNE price deflator and the number of persons unemployed) and three instruments (changes in government expenditure on goods and services, and the personal and corporation income tax rates). Then, an intermediate sized annual econometric model of the Canadian economy was developed, subject to which the preference function was minimized. Since the parameters of the preference function were not given, thirty-six experiments of optimization were made under a range of plausible values of the relevant parameters. It was found that the numerical values of the target variables indicated by the optimal strategy were closer to the desired values and more stable in their movements than actual values. Also the results of various experiments suggested that the optimal strategy was relatively insensitive to changes in parameter values over a rather wide range.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Problem of the Dual Pauline Eschatology in Light of the Eschatology of the Wisdom of Solomon

contributor:
Sanders, E. P.
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The present study is primarily an attempt to break new ground in a much debated area of Biblical Studies. The Pauline eschatology, with its complexity and diversity in eschatological conceptions and formulations, has called forth a number of scholarly solutions. The apparently unconnected juxtaposition of individualistic and corporate, end-historical eschatological conceptions in the thought of Paul has been accounted for variously as: 1) the result of development from the early to the late Paul under the influence of Hellenism; 2) the result of personal crises which turned his attention away from the end of human history to the end of his personal history; 3) the result of a mind that is unreflective and therefore does not see the contradictoriness. A further attempt at a solution is the non-recognition of the contradictoriness; and a subordination of the undeniable individualistic elements to the corporate eschatological scheme.

None of these solutions were found to be satisfactory to this writer. A careful analysis of the apocryphal work, the Wisdom of Solomon, revealed the same kind of duality of individual and corporate eschatological perspectives as in Paul. Our study further showed that this duality arises out of a conception of the presence and work of the divine figure of Wisdom in history and in the lives of men, and that this conception provides a strikingly informative background for the Pauline conception of the Christ who is Lord of history and at the same time the personal, intimate, indwelling divine presence. A detailed analysis and comparison of these configurations of like elements in the two writers suggests that Paul was influenced by the Wisdom of Solomon, particularly by that work's conception of the fate of the individual and by its depiction of union with Wisdom as the guarantee of life, both in the present and in the future.

It has always been recognized that Paul, like any other outstanding figure of history, was dependent on streams of thought that crossed the contemporary atmosphere, and that he made use of conceptions from that general environment to give expression to his own experience and thought. But this dependence is usually conceived of in very general terms, such as Paul's dependence on Hellenism, on Apocalypticism, on Rabbinic Judaism, on Diaspora Judaism, on Essenism, etc. Our study demonstrates the possibility that these larger contexts may have provided but a general background, and that Paul was specifically dependent on individual works, such as the Wisdom of Solomon, for central formulations within his theology.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Quarterly Econometric Model of the Indian Monetary Sector

contributor:
McIvor, R. C.
Economics / Economic Policy

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: The primary objective of this thesis is to construct and estimate a quarterly econometric model of the monetary sector of India. A significant portion of the thesis is devoted to the estimation of the quarterly time series on national income and its components - a prerequisite for any such study. The monetary economy is considered to be made up of three sectors, namely, the Commercial Banking Sector, the Private Non-bank Sector, and the Government Sector. Eight behavioral equations have been estimated for the demand and supply of six principal financial assets in the Indian money market. It was found that the seasonal variations in some of the monetary aggregates could be traced back, directly or indirectly, to seasonal variations in the agricultural income and output. The response of endogenous variables to exogenous shifts in principal policy variables has also been analysed in the present study. The price level was found to be quite sensitive to changes in the high powered money supply.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Growth and Structure of Nickel Oxide Formed on The (100), (110) and (Ill) Crystal Faces of Nickel

contributor:
Smeltzer, W.W.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

abstract:
In this thesis, the growth and structure of nickel oxide on three single crystal faces of nickel, viz the (100) (110), and (111), in the temperature range from 500 to 800°C have been investigated.

A study has been made on the morphological development of the oxide and its structures by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in order to correlate these structures with the kinetics. Measurements of the kinetics for oxide growth on the different nickel crystal faces have shown non-parabolic behaviour and marked anisotropy in reaction rates due to the differences in crystallographic orientations. The deviation from parabolic behaviour and anisotropy in reaction rates are shown to be associated with the structural defects arising in the oxide layer during the growth process, epitaxial relationships between the metal and oxide, and orientation relationships between the oxide grains in the scale. The development of epitaxy can be justified in terms of the coincidence of a close packed direction between the metal and the oxide. Preferred growth leads to the formation of a duplex scale.

A model for growth of the nickel oxide films and scales based on the simultaneous diffusion of nickel across the films via lattice defects and short-circuit paths is advanced to correlate the oxidation kinetics with the oxide structure. It is assumed in this model that the decrease in the density of the short-circuit diffusion sites at nickel oxide grain boundaries is determined by oxide grain growth processes. This model is shown to account satisfactorily for the observed oxidation kinetics of the (100) and (111) nickel faces. Also, the values for nickel grain boundary diffusion coefficients have been calculated for the first time for oxide on these two faces.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF POOR READER

contributor:
Begg, Ian M.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: This thesis undertakes an analysis of current theories of fluent reading in Section 1. This analysis leads to the recognition of fluent readers as flexible. They can use both recoding and whole-word single word identification skills as required (LaBerge and Samuels, 1974) as well as use higher-order (top-down) semantic and syntactic knowledge in interaction with word identification (bottom-up) skills (Rumelhart, 1976). In Section 2, theories of why some children have difficulty learning to read are considered with respect to the conclusions drawn in Section I. The tentative conclusion here is that poor readers do not lack the flexibility required to use higher-order skills in contrast with lower-order skills but that poor readers do lack the flexibility to use both word identification skills flexibly as the situation requires. That is, poor readers are characterized as inflexible in their over reliance on one or the other single word identification skill. This leads to the two major predictions of the current thesis. First, it is predicted that poor readers can be divided into two groups, whole-word poor readers and recoding poor readers respectively. This is demonstrated in Study 1 of the current thesis through an examination of the pattern of correct and incorrect responses to word lists in both the reading and spelling of poor readers in grade 3. The outcome of Study 1 is two groups of poor readers who rely on one or the other word identification skill. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that the recoding poor readers are more sensitive to sound-based properties of words than whole-word poor readers although Experiment 3 shows that this is true only for the purpose of lexical access, not for the purpose of promoting efficient use of S.T.M. Experiments 4 and 5 demonstrate that whole-word poor readers rely more heavily on the overall visual appearance of words than recoding poor readers. Second, it is predicted that poor readers should show no strong deficit in the use of higher-order information to aid in word identification. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrate that both groups of poor readers can use context to aid in word identification. Study 2 demonstrates this for a simple category context and Study 3 demonstrates this for text. The results of Study 2 and 3 also show that contextual information overshadows the information of single word identification skills. That is, clear differences in skill preferences between the two types of poor reader when random word lists are read disappear when contextually constrained situations are used. This leads to the argument that contextually constrained "natural" reading situations may not be optimal for the investigation of reading deficits.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION WHICH INTERFERES WITH THE PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OF THE DYSTROPHIC PROCESS: CROSS REINNERVATION OF A FAST TWITCH MUSCLE BY THE NERVE OF A SLOW TONIC MUSCLE IN CHICKENS WITH HEREDITARY MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

contributor:
Cosmos, Ethel
Medical Sciences

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract: Hereditary muscular dystrophy of the chicken is a primary defect of muscle which is expressed specifically in the fast twitch, focally innervated glycolytic muscle, while slow tonic, multiply innervated oxidative muscles are spared disease characteristics (for review, Cosmos et. al., 1979b). Since motor nerves influence the characteristics of skeletal muscles, and since slow tonic muscles in the chicken do not express dystrophic phenotypes, it was decided to replace the motor innervation of the fast twitch posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscle with the motor innervation of the slow tonic anterior latissimus dorse (ALD) muscle within a dystrophic chicken, in order to alter the fate of the dystrophic fast twitch muscle. Selected mechanical, histochemical and structural properties of the ALD and PLD muscles of normal (White Leghorn) and dystrophic (Storrs line) chickens 15-800 days ex ovo were compared to determine which of these properties were altered as a result of the disease, and to provide baseline data for the analysis of the cross reinnervation experiments. ALD muscles of dystrophic chickens exhibited normal phenotypes, i.e. slow tonic isometric contraction in response to nerve stimulation in vivo, acid and alkaline stable myosin ATPase activity, "en grappe" innervation, weak phosphorylase (Pase), strong succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) enzymic activities and peripheral location of nuclei. PLD muscles of dystrophic genotype demonstrated structural and histochemical alterations but retained contraction and relaxation times characteristic of fast twitch muscle of normal genotype. Further, they exhibited focal "en plaque" innervation and alkaline stable myosin ATPase activity similar to that of normal PLD muscles. The abnormalities identified in the dystrophic PLD included the following: lower muscle weight, abnormal size and shape of fibres, increased number of internal nuclei, abnormal Pase and SDH enzymic activities and lower twitch and tetanic tensions. The surgical cross reinnervation between the ALD nerve and the PLD muscle was performed at hatching. The muscles were examined at various time intervals postoperatively using the criteria established in the study of the unoperated muscles. Self reinnervation of PLD muscles by their own nerves, and cross reinnervation with normal chickens served as control experiments. Fibres of both normal and dystrophic PLD muscles which had been successfully cross reinnervated acquired mechanical, structural and histochemical properties characteristic of the ALD muscle. Thus, muscles of both genotype responded similarly to the ALD nerve. These results established that the PLD muscle of dystrophic chicken is able to accept the new innervation, and is as capable of responding to the influence of the ALD nerve as is the normal PLD. Furthermore, the successfully cross reinnervated fibres are spared disease characteristics. The present cross reinnervation experiment demonstrates, for the first time, an experimental manipulation which interferes with the expression of phenotypic characteristics of dystrophy during development ex ovo. The results support the rationale underlying the present study: the PLD muscle of dystrophic genotype is unable to respond appropriately to the demand from its own motor nerve to complete successfully the transition from embryo to adult metabolism, thus expressing the dystrophic phenotypes. However, when this request is removed by cross reinnervating the PLD muscle with the ALD nerve, the dystrophic phenotype is not expressed. These findings strongly suggest that regardless of the time during development when slow tonic characteristics are achieved, i.e. either during development in ovo or by surgical manipulation ex ovo, slow tonic fibres are spared dystrophic phenotypes.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Pancaprakriya of Sarvajnatman: A study with translation, notes, and a philosophical introduction

contributor:
Arapura, J. G.
Sivaraman, K.
Granoff, Phyllis
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis is comprised of a translation, for the first time, of the Sanskrit philosophical work entitled Pancaprakryla which belongs to the relatively early Advaita Vedanta thinker Sarvajhatman (first half of the tenth century) and a thematic analysis of the contents of that work. The Pancaprakriya is a manual of Advalta Vedanta philosophy of language which, for Sarvajhatman, can eventually be reduced to the discernment of the proper meaning of certain freat Ubanisadic statements or mahavakya-s such as "I am Brahman" and "That thou art." It has been demonstrated in the analytic portion of the thesis that the Sarvajhatman who is the author of Samksepasariraka and the Sarvajhatman who is the author of Pancaprakriya are one and the same. In addition to this, the thesis has brought to the force the close philosophical indebtedness of Sarvajhatman to Sankara and Suresvara before him, in terms of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy of language and the problem of the locus of ignorance (ajhanasraya), though the traditional connection between Sarvajhatman and Suresvara, as direct pupil and teacher respectively, has been denied. From our analysis, Sarvajhatman appears to be the first of the relatively early Advaita Vedanta thinkers to make use of two of perhaps the most central notions in the Advaita Vedanta philosopgy of language. The first of these is the classification of Upanisadic statements about Brahman into 'great statements' (mahavakya-s) and into 'subsidiary statements' (avantaravakya-s) allowing the latter to contribute to the understanding of the former. The second is the formulation of the three-fold division of the secondary usage of language into non-inclusive secondary usage (jahallaksana), inclusive secondary usage (ajahallaksana), and both inclusive and non-inclusive secondary usage (jahadajahallaksana), along with the determinatation that it is only the last of these which is suitable for obtatning the proper import of a mahavakya.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Micromechanisms of Cemented Carbide Cutting Tool Wear

contributor:
Kay, D.A.R.
Subramanian, S.V.
Materials Engineering

abstract:
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis has been used to measure the materials loss from the cutting tools during machining. Using this technique, the contributions from mechanical and dissolution wear have been individually quantified, and the dominance of dissolution wear during the high speed machining of a medium carbon steel using uncoated tungsten carbide-cobalt tools has been established.

SIMS analysis of the chip material next to the tool-chip interface showed concentration profiles of tungsten and cobalt to a depth of about 0.5 micron. The maximum concentration of tungsten is seen to increase with cutting speed, in agreement with the principle of dissolution wear. There is consistency between the results of the two independent analytical techniques (INAA and SIMS), used to study the dissolution wear process.

The microstructure of the secondary shear zone of the chips was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. In the immediate vicinity of the tool-chip interface of water quenched chips, a changed ultrafine equiaxed grain structure (0.2μ) was observed. Enhancement of the diffusivity of tungsten resulting from this ultrafine structure was estimated and incorporated into a thermokinetic model for dissolution wear. However, the dissolution wear predicted by the model was lower than the experimentally measured values at all the speeds; e.g. the predictions based on complete austenitization and a 0.2 μm grain size in the immediate vicinity of the tool-chip interface accounted for 34.7% of the experimentally measured value at 240 m/min. It is proposed that entire dissolution wear could possibly be accounted for by the thermokinetic model based on further enhancement in the diffusivity due to grain boundary migration or the presence of approximately 10nm size grains during the tool-chip contact. The joint role of solubility of the tool material into the chip and the enhanced diffusivity has been shown to be important in determining dissolution wear, and the performance of HfN coated tools is discussed in light of the above model. The 'hard' alumina inclusions lead to an increase in the mechanical wear rate of the cutting tool, and this effect is demonstrated quantitatively by the INAA technique.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Philosophical and Psychological Analysis of the Sphota Theory of Language as Revelation

contributor:
Arapura, J. G.
Grant, G. P.
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The aim of this study was to clearly describe the Sphota theory of language showing both its logical consistency and its psychological basis in experience. In Part One the philosophical task of describing the Sphota theory in a reasonable and logically consistent manner was undertaken. Chapter Two established the ground for this philosophical analysis by presenting a conceptual survey of Indian thought regarding language and revelation, so as to make clear the metaphysical background against and out of which the Sphota theory of language as revelation developed. The Third Chapter carried out the actual philosophical task, namely, a description of the logical consistency of the Sphota theory itself. In Part Two of the study a psychological interpretation was offered showing how, according to traditional Indian Yoga, the Sphota view of language (as logically conceived) is practically possible. The psychological interpretation was developed in two steps. In Chapter Four, attention was focused on the psychological processes that take place within the mind of the speaker showing how the Sphota can cognize itself into the two aspects of uttered sounds and inner meaning. Following through the practical experience of language communication, Chapter Five analyzed the psychological processes that occur within the mind of the hearer in his cognition of the uttered sounds and their correlate revelation of the same meaning-whole or sphota from which the speaker originally began.

The major conclusion reached was that the Sphota theory of language as revelation is both logically consistent and (when interpreted by Yoga) psychologically realizable in practical experience. It was also found that Patañjali's Yoga when taken up to the nirvicāra stage of samprajñāta samādhi (but not beyond since Bhartrhari's sphota, by definition, does not admit of an asamprajñāta samādhi) provides a psychological discipline which seems to fit well with Bhartrhari's unexplained assumption of śabdapūvayoga as a means for purifying vāk and achieving moksa. Śabdapūvayoga effects this purification by the removal of obstructing vāsanās, through the practice of the yogāngas, so as to allow the teleology of citta (given by the grace of Īśvara) to pass naturally into the noumenal state of the attainment of true knowledge. The implications of these findings for the ongoing language debate within Indian philosophy and for future comparative studies, especially in relation to contemporary Western psychology, were discussed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Agnyadheya establishment of the sacred fires

contributor:
Kinsley, David R.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The subject of this thesis is the Agnyadheya, the Vedic ritual, through which are established the three or five sacred fires essential to Vedic sacrifice. The thesis aims at an understanding of that rite and proposes that the process of coming to an understanding is analogous to that of learning a new language. The ritual is taken as a syntactic unit and its actions and materials are viewed as a sort of symbolic vocabulary. The denotations and connotations of this vocabulary are then sought in parallel usage in other Vedic rites and the mythology of the Vedic texts. The thesis suggests that establishment of the srauta fires accompanied the sacrificer's accession to the head of his household. It then sets about to learn the significance of that event and how each segment of the ritual portrays various aspects of it. An identification of the sacrificer with his fire is discovered, and the transformation of his domestic fire into the "fire of the master of the house" and other srauta fires is compared to the sacrificer's transformation to a new role. Within the spatial organization of the firehall is found an emphasis on the individual and independent life of the sacrificer as against social ties, the former represented a long an axis extending toward the gods in the east and the latter along an axis extending toward one's ancestors in the south. The Vedic view that immortality consists in living a full life is placed in this context, and the Agnyadheya is seen as the beginning of a sacrificial career which progresses toward heaven in the east. In pursuing its task the thesis has occasion to comment on folk beliefs concerning a variety of substances employed in the ritual including lists of soils which make up the fireplaces and trees which serve as fuel. It also offers new interpretations of a number of myths, the best known of which are those of Pururavas and Urvast and of the boar Prajapti.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Zinc Uptake in the Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri (Richardson), as Affected by Dietary and Waterbone Zinc and Waterborne Calcium

contributor:
Wood, C.M.
Biology

subject:
Animal Sciences
Aquaculture and Fisheries
Animal Sciences

abstract:
Rainbow trout took up Zn from both the diet and the water. Trout on a low Zn diet became Zn-deficient, based upon mortality, lack of growth, and depressed plasma protein and hematocrit. Both plasma and whole body [Zn] were also depressed. Elevated [Zn], in either diet or water, reversed all symptoms of Zn deficiency. At high [Zn], Zn was taken up in excess of requirements, but in an attenuated fashion. These results support a relative homeostasis for Zn for both plasma and whole body, but also indicated that Zn uptake from water and diet were partially independent. There was no overt toxicity. Metal-binding proteins, important in mineral metabolism, were induced by this exposure in gill and intestine but not in liver.

The gill was identified as the major site of Zn uptake from the water by the use of an in vitro preparation which directly measured flux rates. Pre-exposure of trout to soft water for 5 days gave considerably higher influx rates than occurred in tapwater-acclimated trout, probably by stimulating proliferation of gill chloride cells. Zn influx in soft water, studied from 0.4 to 7.5 mg Zn/L followed saturable, first-order kinetics, suggesting a restricting pore or carrier mediation. Influx was studied in vivo for 24 h using a novel technique which overcame the limitations of non-specific adsorption found with traditional methods. Influx rates measured with this technique confirmed the saturable nature of influx, but were much higher. Waterbone Ca interacted with Zn influx in two separate ways. Acute increases in [Ca] up to 5 fold showed a competitive interaction, suggesting that Zn and Ca compete for the same mechanism of branchial entry. Acute removal of Ca however revealed in addition, a large influx with increasing [Zn], indicative of opening of a paracellular leak pathway across the gill.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Pumping of Bentonite Clays

contributor:
Latto, B.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract: This study describes the results of experiments on the pumping of non-Newtonian bentonite clay slurries. The data were obtained from smooth tubes having internal diameters of 0.60 cm, 1.27 cm and 1.74 cm, for aqueous suspension concentrations of 1.96, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 8.0% by weight. The flow Reynolds numbers varied to a maximum of about 6000. Shear stress-shear rate curves were obtained as well as apparent viscosity and generalized Bingham plastic plots. Specific power was plotted against Reynolds number for all concentrations. It was found in general that the data of the shear curve agreed quite well with that from other sources but that there were discrepancies for the Bingham plastic equation. The fact that Newtonian friction factor curves for flow in smooth pipe can be used in conjunction with bentonite slurries in an equilibrium state was also demonstrated.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The Kinetics of the Reactions Between Silica and Alumino-Silicate Refractories and Molten Iron Alloys

contributor:
Lu, W-K.
Nicholson, P.S.
Hamielec, A.E.
Metallurgy

subject: Metallurgy Metallurgy

abstract:
The rate of corrosion of silica and alumino-silicate refractories in Armco iron and iron-carbon melts was measured. An interpretation of the rate data required an experimental investigation of the kinetics of the reactions between iron oxide and silica, and carbon and silica.

A standard "immersion" technique was used under both static and dynamic conditions. The corrosion of the refractories in Armco iron melts was initially controlled by a chemical reaction process but changed rapidly to a steady-state, diffusion-controlled process. A liquid silicate product layer built up at the interface during the induction period. The steady-state rate of corrosion was independent of the oxygen content of the melt and was also found to be a linear function of the peripheral velocity of the refractory specimen. The rate of corrosion for the various refractories was measured and found to be controlled by diffusion of iron and oxygen in the silicate layer.

The rate of corrosion of these refractories in carbon-saturated iron melts was also studied. The rate was found to be independent of the silicon concentration and the carbon concentration in the melt (in the range 2.3%C to saturation). The rate was independent of the rate of rotation of the refractory specimen. The results were interpreted in terms of chemical reaction control at the refractory/metal interface, with the dissociation of silica proposed as the controlling reaction. The rate was found to be strongly temperature dependent indicating reaction control.

This experimental investigation has provided new insights into the mechanism of corrosion of silica and alumino-silicate refractories in iron melts.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Psychology of Female Choice in the Context of Donor Insemination

contributor:
Daly, M.
Psychology

subject:
Biological Psychology
Psychology
Biological Psychology

abstract: Donor insemination is the most common type of assisted reproductive technology that healthy women use to achieve pregnancy. An increasing proportion of these women are single and their choices of sperm donors are likely to reflect criteria other than those of matching donor attributes to marital-type partners. I present work done to examine how women chose sperm donors. In the first paper, women’s preferences for hypothetical sperm donors were compared to those for men in other potentially reproductive contexts, specifically long-term mates and extra-pair partners (i.e., sexual partners other than primary mates). As might be anticipated, there was heavy emphasis on health and physical attributes, but women weer surprisingly concerned with the sperm donor’s “good character”, even though they believed that these character attributes were not genetically transmissible. These results suggested that these women who assessed attributes in donors used some of the decision-making processes that are normally associated with long-term mate choice. In the second paper, women’s preferences for hypothetical sperm donors and long-term mates were examined in a Norwegian’s preferences were remarkably similar to those of the Canadian women, and again suggested that women’s preferences for sperm donors were influenced by their mate choice criteria. In the third paper, clinical and experimental work was reviewed that suggested that information and choices should be made available to women who use donor insemination. The literature on donor insemination remains devoid, however, of information on how women choose donors in clinical settings. In the final paper, we examined how both single women and women with partners chose sperm donors in a clinical setting, by identifying information that predicted their choices. As found in earlier experiments, women used information about health, and there was some evidence that they used information related to desirable attributes in mates. These results were then compared to information that predicted experimental subjects’ hypothetical choices of donors. Findings from this comparison suggested that these subjects used some of the same criteria as the donor insemination clients, and that results obtained in experimental studies of mate and donor selection can provide insight into women’s choices of sperm donors.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Sri Aurobindo's Concept of the Superman

contributor:
Arapura, J. G.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The subject matter of this thesis is the concept of Superman as developed by Sri Aurobindo, a great thinker of modern India. This concept is found to be the result of an extension of the scope of ancient Vedanta in an effort to answer existential questions of the modern era, like, the destiny of man and society, as well as to accommodate with the findings of modern science. The work is primarily an analysts of the writings and practical efforts of Sri Aurobindo, and secondarily a consideration of Indian and European thoughts as related to his philosophy.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Concept of Purity at Qumran and in the Letters of Paul

contributor:
Sanders, E.P.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
It is the aim of this study to examine the use that is made of he concept of purity in the letters of Paul. It is found that Paul's use of the concept centres on the view that the Church, the community of believers, constitutes the Temple of God which enjoys God's presence and as such requires a pure environment so that the divine presence may be maintained.

This view is not unique in the first century Jewish tradition to which Paul was closely connected. The religious community at Qumran, which was responsible for the Dead Sea Scrolls, held a similar view and indeed it has been shown that this idea was central to Judaism of the time. It was, in fact, to the Temple that all concerns with purity were eventually directed.

What is distinctive about both Paul and the Qumran community is that they applied their use of the concept of purity to the conviction that their respective communities now constituted the Temple of God even while the Temple at Jerusalem still stood.

This study, therefore, re-examines the use made of he idea of purity at Qumran in the light of this. It is shown how this group applied the purity concerns of the Jerusalem Temple to their own community. In addition it is noted that the idea of purity governed many other aspects of their religious life. This analysis of purity at Qumran is necessary in order to provide the groundwork of our study of Paul, who exhibits similar concerns.

Little attention has been paid to the concept of purity in Paul, or elsewhere in the New Testament for that matter. Those involved in the study of early Christianity have, for the most part, not been aware of the role of purity in the religious system of Judaism and have ignored any reference to purity or have dismissed it as a primitive notion left over from a superstitious past which, in their opinion, was superseded by a higher spiritual religion; namely Christianity. Such approaches are misguided and this study demonstrates that purity is not to be overlooked if, in this case, the full ramifications of Paul's religious thought are to be properly understood. This study concludes that while purity had an important place in the religious life of Judaism, it also shaped the way that Paul thought about the community of believers, its behaviour and its relationship to the divine.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Gold Content of Interflow Metasedimentary Rocks in the Red Lake Area

contributor:
Crocket, J.H.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract: The two main groups of rocks studied were the sedimentary and volcanic rocks from the Red Lake area of the Uchi greenstone belt, northwestern Ontario. The objective of the study is to characterize the interflow sedimentary rocks in the volcanic pile with respect to gold content and to assess their significance in the gold metallogeny of the Red Lake gold camp. A suite of interflow sediments from the Dickenson mine was studied for comparison with the regional survey. The interflow sedimentary rocks studied were chert, mixed clastic and chemical sediments and iron formation, the latter including oxide, silicate, sulphide and mixed silicate-oxide. The chemical and petrographic features of these are summarized in Tables 2 and 3. The range of gold values is 0.4 to 360 ppb. The gold value for the oxide and sulphide iron formation was substantially higher than the rest of the interflow sediments. Only three samples of sulphide iron formation were sampled, so no definite conclusion can be made about it. The metavolcanic rocks range from komatiites to tholeiites to calc-alkaline rhyolites. The chemical and petrographic features are summarized in Table 4 and 5. The majority of samples collected were komatiites and tholeiites. The gold values range from 0.1 - 380 ppb. The high iron and high magnesium tholeiites contain higher gold values than the rest of the volcanics. Only three high magnesium tholeiites were sampled so that no definite gold trends can be ascertained for them. The Dickenson mine samples are characterized by interflow sediments containing both clastic and chemical components. The gold values range from 3.1 to 15100 ppb. The regional background value for gold is 3.5 ppb. Gold enrichment occurs in elongate zones parallel to the strike of the area. In general, high gold values in interflow sediments (>10 ppb) are accompanied by high gold values in volcanic rocks in the same vicinity. The gold enrichment is not characterized by any type of chemical anomaly. The model of gold formation proposed for the Red Lake area is that of primary enrichment of gold caused by either exhalative sources or seawater leaching of the underlying volcanics. Gold was deposited near the seawater-rock interface due to decreasing temperature and perhaps changes in Fo₂ and pressure. Gold may be further mobilized into shear and dilatent zones during metamorphism. The intrusion of stocks acts as a heat source to localize gold on the edges of these bodies.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Interaction of Hindu-Muslim Ideas in the Formation of the Bhakti Movement with Special Reference to Kabir, the Bhakta

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The interaction between Indian ideas and those of Islam took place over a period of several centuries. The contacts between the two faiths were made both outside India and in India begining from the Seventh Century of the Christian Era. The interaction between the Hindus and the Muslims took place on several levels, viz., intellectual, commercial, political and religious. In the present work, we made a special study of the last mentioned level.

With the coming of the Arab Muslim trader-missionaries to the Indian shores in the Seventh Century, the chapter of the interaction and assimilation in Hindu-Islamic interaction was opened, and as a result a popular religious movement called the Bhakti Movement began. This movement produced many great mystics both in Hindūism and Islām. In their highest spirituality, these bhaktas transcended religious differences between Hindiūsm and Islām. They professed and propagated a religion of devotion based on purity of heart, and bhakti directed to one God.

One of these bhaktas was Kabīr, an illegitimate son of a Hindū woman, brought up by a Muslim weaver family of Banares. He was a unique person by all means. He was the true product of the interaction of the Hindū-Muslim ideas. He propagated a new spirituality, a combination of some Hindū and some Muslim ideas, by which he attempted to resolve the historical tension between the Hindūs and the Muslims in India. By propagating a new piety, Kabīr wanted to unite the two cimmunities.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Controlled Solidification of Dilute Binary Iron-Nickel Alloys

contributor:
Purdy, G.R.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

abstract: This thesis is concerned with establishing an improved theoretical and experimental description of the steady state controlled solidification of dilute binary alloys. In the present theory, a mathematical model is developed to describe an experimental situation in which alloy solidification is controlled by solute diffusion in the liquid phase. The theory gives a unique solution of the solute diffusion equation and predicts the variation of the thermodynamic properties at the solid-liquid interface, particularly at the dendrite tip, as a function of material constants and growth parameters. An experimental program was developed to investigate the dependence on the growth parameters of the morphological development of the interface and the concentration variations at the interface of an Fe-8 wt. Ni alloy. Experimental results for this particular system can be successfully rationalized by the approximate solution of the present theory.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method And Its Application to The Analysis of Microstrip Antennas

contributor:
Litva, John
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
In this thesis, issues related to the FD-TD method and its application are discussed. In particular, absorbing boundary conditions, use of signal processing techniques with the FDTD method, and the application of the FD-TD technique to analyzing microstrip antennas are studied.

A new theory called dispersive boundary condition (DBC) theory is formulated and developed. The concept of dispersive boundary condition is introduced first. Based on this concept, three dispersive absorbing boundary conditions are proposed from differing points of view. These DBC's are applied to microstrip and waveguide component analyses. Using these dispersive boundary conditions, great savings in computer memory and significant improvements in the accuracy of the FD-TD method can be achieved for dispersive structure analyses.

The use of digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for improving the performance of the FD-TD method is introduced. We demonstrate that the capabilities and the efficiency of the FD-TD method can be improved in several aspects due to the introduction of DSP. In the dispersive absorbing boundary condition studies, digital filter theory is applied to analyze and design DBC. Several DBC's have been unified by using digital filter theory, and it is expected that this will stimulate further development in absorbing boundary conditions.

Also, modern spectrum estimation and digital filtering techniques are used to improve the efficiency of FD-TD method in solving eigenvalue problems. It is demonstrated by means of numerical and experimental results that the efficiency of the FD-TD method for dielectric resonator analysis improves by about one order of magnitude. This new result makes it possible for the FD-TD method to be used as a practical tool for analyzing dielectric resonators.

The FD-TD method is used to accurately characterize complex planar printed antennas with various feed structures, including microstrip line feed, proximity coupled feed, aperture coupled feed, and coaxial probe feed structures. The validity of a coaxial probe feed model is demonstrated by a comparison of simulated and experimental results. For high dielectric constant substrate antennas, the dispersive boundary condition is employed to absorb strongly dispersive waves. In addition, several other new treatments have been tested for microstrip antenna analysis. All the numerical results obtained using the FD-TD method are compared with experimental results, and the comparison shows excellent agreement over a wide frequency band.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Changes in Traditional Norms of Enclosure; A Study of the Secularization of Religious Women

contributor:
Blumstock, Robert E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This study developed out of a general concern with the central question of renewal in the Roman Catholic church following Vatican II. The decision was made to probe the impact and consequences of adaptation in a religious organization of committed women. The purpose of the study was to analyze one aspect of structural change which has historical and contemporary relevance for women in religious social systems. This change revolves around the cloister, or norms of Enclosure, which have secured and insured separation from the world for those seeking to live the committed life. In the formal sense, cloister or Enclosure, denotes the the body of laws governing entry into end exit from the residential quarters of the religious. In accordance with canonical prescriptions, as well as with selected chapters from the formal rule and constitutions of the School Sisters of Notre Dame, norms of Enclosure were operationally defined to include: Life styles within the convent; Admission of nonmembers to the Enclosure; Secular influences within the Enclosure; The wearing of the religious garb; and, Exit of members from the Enclosure. Within the parameters of the sociology of religion, the focus of the research design centered on the coexistence of the sacred-secular tradition with religious communities as a reference point. These were designated as sacred entities by the nature of their values and goals. The gradual encroachment and absorption of the sacred by the secular is often referred to as the process of secularization. In this study secularization was operationally defined as a process of change from withdrawal to involvement in the secular milieu. It was based on the transposition of attitudes, values, and behaviour of religious women toward the secular world. Changes in traditional Enclosure observance were examined from a number of perspectives. On an historical continuum they were viewed as a contributing factor to the structural differentiation which has taken place in the emergence of two types of religious community systems--the monastic and the apostolic. The study documented how the social structure of an apostolic congregation functioned to maintain the values and norms of Enclosure traditionally accepted until 1950. A comparative analysis of the three legislative documents formulated in the organization within the first hundred years of its existence revealed a startling growth of Enclosure directives. The thesis lIkewise iaolated Enclosure norms as a focal point of adaptation in SSND after 1950. The religious organization believed that if it were to adapt its work to the realities of social change, Enclosure directives would have to be altered. This structural differentiation within one religious system, and in relationship to the social system of the Roman Catholic church was accomplished simultaneously on two levels. Change agents within the Catholic church and voluntary associations of religious implemented change through external differentiation. General chapters, professional interaction, and a self-study of the congregation contributed to internal differentiation. From 1950 to 1970 Enclosure legislation in the five traditional areas was gradually, but dramatically altered. Through the use of field sources--questionnaire, interview, and participant observation--the researcher endeavoured to analyze the effects of Enclosure change on the attitudes and life styles of a selected sample of the membership. Data revealed that the majority of members felt that the amount of change which had occurred in the five traditional areas of Enclosure was about right, although there were gradations of acceptance of specific items. A majority agreed that some Enclosure changes had contributed to the secularization of religious women. There was a general feeling that increased secular participation had not affected their commitment to the sacred aspects of religious life, but that it had hindered the growth patterns of the religious organization.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Local Autonomy and Central Control in Ontario Education. A Study of Inter-organizational Relationships

contributor:
Jones, Frank E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This thesis examines the changes which have occurred in the relationship between the Ontario Department of Education and the local school boards in the province since the second world war. At the beginning of the period under study the relationship was highly centralized with a great deal of direct involvement of tho Department of Education in the everyday affairs of the school boards. Within this system of centralized control, a few larger boards were granted greater degree or autonomy.

During the period under study, there were a number of moves to amalgamate the smaller rural school boards. Some of these moves were voluntary, but mostly they resulted from pressure from Departmental of officials and ultimately from legislation. These amalgamations were justified in largely economic terms and the thesis examines the demographic and economic factors which tended to make the small school board inefficient as administrative units.

At the same time as it pressed tor amalgamation of the small rural school boards, tho Department was also encouraging tho growth of local control over the curriculum and the development of a curriculum which allowed for more freedom of choice for the pupil. Furthermore, the internal structure of the Department was reorganised to reflect the growth in local autonomy and the shift in functions of the Department away from direct supervision and control towards research and development.

This thesis interprets these changes as changes in the nature of the relationship between the Department and the local school boards. It is argued that amalgamation of the rural school boards increased the resources at their disposal and hence their capacity for independent action and weakened the control which the Department could exert over them directly. Officials in the Department developed alternate means of control over the educational process which aided in the creation of a consensus about educational objectives. Most importantly, in addition to the Departmental publications which were clearly designed to influence opinion, the Hall-Dennis Report and the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education were used to mould the ideas of opinion-makers at tho local level. It is demonstrated that a new uniformity in Ontario education haw been created in spite of the growth in local autonomy in that there has developed a consensus about educational objectives which has been nurtured by officials in tho Department of Education. Thus, though their ability to exert direct control over the process of education has been weakened, the necessity for such direct control has been reduced by the newly developed consensus.

Recent moves by the Department or Education to exert direct financial control over the school boards, though apparently contradicting the main argument of the thesis, seem to support it in that, it is argued, there has been a major increase in the share of the costs of education born by tho Department and hence an increase in the extent to which the school boards are dependent on the Department for resources. Though it is too early to be sure whether recent changes mark a reversal of the previous trend, it would certainly be consistent with the underlying theory for this to have occurred, given the shift in the balance of resources.

From an examination of the literature in the field of inter-organizational relationships, two models of interaction between organizations are developed. Relationships between a "principal" organization and its "agents" are marked by a high degree of central control, whereas relationships between "central" organizations and those at the "periphery" are marked by an ideological consensus nurtured by the centre. These two models are placed on a continuum of various models of interaction between and within organizations which are derived from a number of sources. The final chapter of the thesis attempts to specify the conditions under which one type of relationship might prevail as opposed to another and makes general propositions about the relationships between organizations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Decision Support for Municipal Solid Waste Management and Planning

contributor:
Baetz, Brian W.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
A thorough review of mathematical models, based on the application of systems analysis techniques, that have been developed for municipal solid waste (MSW) management and planning problems is presented as evidence of the growing number and complexity of the available models. A survey of practicing waste management professionals indicated a general interest in systems analysis techniques to assist with decision-making. However, a lack of practical applications of these techniques was also indicated, particularly by local and regional waste management agencies. The lack of practical model applications may result from the past reliance on landfills to manage MSW and the many non-economic implications (social, environmental, political, etc.) of MSW management and planning decisions. Research, to date, has not directly addressed the perceived deficiencies with the current problem solving techniques, nor has the application of knowledge-based system techniques been adequately explored within the field of MSW management and planning.

Three general approaches are proposed for the integration of knowledge found in the technical literature and possessed by experienced waste management engineers and planners, and existing mathematical models. These approaches are based on the creation of knowledge-based systems to interface with individual models, or assist with model selection and integration. A range of suitable application problem areas within the domain of MSW management and planning are described. As a means of demonstrating the validity, and potential benefits and limitations of the suggested decision support approaches, a prototype decision support system was developed to assist with the preliminary planning of MSW management systems. This prototype system combines knowledge-based system components with spreadsheet, optimization and simulation models to assist with the major planning activities: waste forecasting; technology evaluation; composting and recycling program design; facility sizing, location and investment timing and waste allocation; and MSW management system analysis using simulation. The user is guided through the complex process of long-range program and facility planning, and is assisted with applying and integrating the various modeling components. Potential users of the prototype decision support system are local and regional waste management engineers and planners, consulting firms, and municipal decision-makers. Based on the opinions expressed by several practicing waste management professional, and two case study application, the prototype decision support system is considered to represent a reasonable, useful, and practical (with respect to data requirements and cost) planning tool. This research has also produced knowledge bases for the prototype decision support system that represent a collection and organization of a significant amount of waste management expertise and mathematical modeling expertise contained in the MSW management and planning literature.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Object and Meaning of Metaphysics in Aristotle

contributor:
Georgiadis, Constantine
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to determine--against the background of twentieth century development theories regarding the Metaphysics--what Aristotle conceived metaphysics to be. The position which we defend maintains that Aristotle made at a distinction between the "science of being qua being" (what we today call metaphysics) and "primary philosophy" (or theology). The object of the former is universal being; that of the latter, primary substance (or God). This double role assigned to philosophy must not, however, be constructed to represent two different, and inimical, stages in the Philosopher's thinking on the subject, as in done, for example, by the development theories. What the latter theories point to as antithetical in the aforementioned definitions of philosophy, we defend as compatible definitions. The symbiotic relationship of the latter is made possible in the philosopher who, Aristotle tells us, studies both universal being and primary substance (IV 3, 1005a33-bl). Furthermore, given the fact that primary substance acts at the cause and principle of all being, it will be distinct from its effect, as all effects are from their causes. Given the latter and what we have said above, the distinction between metaphysics and theology cannot be eliminated à la Owens and Merlan, who end up identifying metaphysics with theology. In addition to an examination of the above controversy we also include an analysis of those subjects which figure as most fundamental to Aristotelian metaphysics, viz., substance and theology.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Chromatin RNA Components

contributor:
Hall, Ross H.
Biochemistry

subject: Biochemistry Biochemistry

abstract:
Almost all the genetic information of the eucaryotic cell is contained in the nuclear chromosomes. How regulation of the expression of this information takes place still remains as one of the great mysteries of the Biological Sciences. In this thesis an attempt is made to look at a few of the chemical components that may be involved in this process.

Chromatin (the interphase form of the eucaryotic cell genome) of a number of tissue culture cell lines has been fractionated using some novel techniques into its four major components: DNA, RNA, histones and non-histone proteins.

Of these four fractions the RNA fraction has remained the least well characterized. This thesis attempts to demonstrate that the RNA fraction in chromatin, in contrary to the opinion of a number of people at present, a complex fraction, quite distinct from other cellular RNA components. A model is presented whereby gene regulation in eycaryotic cells takes place via the interaction of chromosomal protein and RNA components.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Comparative Study of the Founder's Authority, the Community, and the Discipline in Early Buddhism and in Early Christianity

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The evidence of this study is valuable in showing the dissimilarities and the similarities of the two world religions, Buddhism and Christianity. The ultimate difference in spiritual outlook may be summed up in the statement that Buddhism is gnostic and autonomus while Christianity is eschatological and heteronomus. As for the similarities, both religions have the authority of a great spiritual figure who became the founder, leader and ultimate source of aIl that is essential in each. The founders' personality and teachings were basic in developing the unity, discipline and life styles which emerged. Also there are striking similarities in the moral teachings, human organization and disciplinary life styles of the two religions. Further from this study it is evident that Buddhism was not merely an individualistic religion nor merely an ethical code or philosophical system but a religion with a social structure similar to Christianity. Also this study in bringing to light the authority of the founder, the unity of the community and the patterned disciplinary life of common responsibility in early Buddhism has made a discovery which many Buddhist scholars had previously overlooked.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Anodic Sectioning and Ion Bombardment Studies with Metals

contributor:
Kelly, R.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

abstract:
In this dissertation, the principles of anodic sectioning have been discussed and satisfactory anodic sectioning methods have been developed for V, Mo, Nb and Ta. In addition, W has peen reconsidered. It will emerge that the use of suitable non-aqueous electrolytes permits the formation of impurity-containing (doped) anodic films which have enhanced solubility, thus permitting anodic sectioning.

Thicknesses of film-formed and metal-removed have been determined separately using a conventional gravimetric method for anodizations at ≥ 30 votes. In the thin-film region (≤ 100 Å), new methods of determining small thicknesses, based on ion-range-profiles, have been developed leading to a sensitivity which is suggested to be as good as, if not better than, ellipsometry.

The stoichiometry of the anodic films has been inferred from the thickness calibrations of metal-removed and film-formed, and the matter has been further investigated for V, Mo and W using reflection electron diffraction. The results were that the films are V₂O₅, MoO₃ and WO₃ respectively. Examination of as-formed films showed that thin anodic films on V, Mo, Ta and W are crystalline with likely stoichiometries H₆V₄O₁₂, MoO₃, Ta₂O₅ and WO₃, whereas all thick films (and also the thin films on Nb) are amorphous in nature.

The sectioning methods developed here have been used in determining the range profiles of 5-40 keV Kr⁸⁵ in polycrystalline metals and evidence is presented to show that the stopping process involved tho usual mixture of random and channeled ion trajectories.

Similar work on range profiles in amorphous anodic films on V has also been pursued with the main result being that the film properties were found to vary as the bombardment dose increased. The properties include solubility (decreased with dose), sputtering coefficient (decreased with dose from ~44 to ~12 atoms/ion) and stoichiometry (progressed from V₂O₅ to V₂O₃ to VO). These results suggest that all ion bombardment work with oxides must be accompanied by structural investigation, and in particular makes suspect some of the previous work on sputtering coefficients, especially that with Nb₂O₅, WO₃ and TiO₂.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Static and Dynamic Analysis of Framed-Tube Structures

contributor: Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics

abstract:
The object of the work investigated in this thesis is to develop an approximate method for static and dynamic analysis of uniform framed-tube structures. The thesis begins with a review of the developments of high-rise constructions and the methods of analysis of high-rise buildings. Then study is carried out to investigate some special structural problems, such as the shear lag effect in the normal frames, which form the flanges of a "perforated tube" structure and the "column shortening effect" of the rectangular frames. Energy approach is used in formulating the problem and approximations are introduced to represent these effects in deriving simple methods of analysis for investigation. The results of the investigation are co-ordinated to develop an approximate method of analysis for tall uniform framed-tube structures subjected to lateral loading. The method is simple enough for computations to be done on a desk calculator or small computer. The theory for static analysis is then extended to determine the dynamic characteristics of such structural system, which are required for seismic analysis based on the response spectrum technique. Experimental work, which includes both static and dynamic testing of a 6 fest plexiglass framed-tube model, is performed for verifying the theory.

An addendum is included to discuss the social and economic aspects of high-rise construction for drawing the attention of those high-rise designers to the reactions of the high-rise users and those concerned.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Text of the Hermetic Literature and the Tendencies of Its Major Collections

contributor:
Meyer, B.F.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
Among the writings ascribed to Hermes Trismegistus, the most interesting are those which deal with topics of a religious or philosophical nature. These writings, once believed to be the wisdom of ancient Egypt, are now more commonly thought to have originated within the Greek speaking part of the Roman Empire, put at a date which, as we shall see, remains in dispute. Thus we have in the movement responsible for these writings one of the competitors of Christianity.

This dissertation deals with two sources for these religious or philosophical Hermetic writings, the Corpus Hermeticum and the fragments given in Stobaeus' Anthology. These two collections form a natural starting point, since it is the Corpus Hermeticum which has attracted the most attention from students of the Hermetic movement, and since many of the Stobaean fragments overlap to a large degree with the documents of the Corpus Hermeticum. The question discussed in this dissertation is basic to any further discussion of the material: How reliable are these collections both as witnesses to the text of the writings of the Hermetic movement and as witnesses to the movement which gave us those texts? Any discussion of these writings must presuppose an answer to this question. As this question has not previously received disciplined treatment, it is hoped that the results of this dissertation will provide a sounder basis for future studies in these writings.

The answer given in this dissertation is somewhat complicated. Neither collection is in itself a reliable witness to the Hermetic movement. The Corpus Hermeticum, it will be seen, is a late compilation, and is to be dated between the ninth and the eleventh century. The quality of the transmission of the text of the documents included in the Corpus Hermeticum is very uneven; moreover, some of the documents were wrongly included. There is, however, no deliberate attempt to give a false picture of these writings. Therefore, if the Corpus Hermeticum, is used critically, it is possible to gain a reasonably accurate picture both of the text of these writings and of the movement which produced them. The tractates which are useful in that respect are ii, iv, v, vi, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xiv, and (with reservations) xiii.

The Stobaean fragments, on the other hand, seem to be quite unreliable in both respects. Not only do they have their share of manuscript errors, but it would appear that certain Hermetic doctrines, notably the doctrine that apotheosis is the proper goal of man, are systematically excluded. In addition, there is good reason to believe that the style of the Hermetic writings is emended in the Stobaean fragments. The most probable explanation of these facts is that Stobeaus was using a Christian anthology of Hermetic writings. Therefore the Stobaean fragments must be used with great caution as evidence for the writings of the Hermetic movement. In tractates in which these two sources overlap, it is the Corpus Hermeticum which is the more trustworthy, apart from manuscript errors. Accordingly, Nock's edition of tractates ii, iv, and x needs revision.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Studies of Group VIII Transition Metal Phosphine Complexes

contributor:
Eaton, D.R.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
This work describes the results of a study of phosphine complexes of some selected members of the group VIII transition metal series. The aim of this work was to investigate possible correlations between the electronic properties of these metal complexes and their stabilities and labilities. It was felt that such a study might prove significant since many of the complexes studied are catalytically active in a number of homogeneous systems. Elucidation of the factors influencing the efficiency of such homogeneous catalytic systems is important from both practical and theoretical points of view.

Some electronic properties of the complexes were investigated using a ¹⁹F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technique. This method is based upon the measurement of the ¹⁹F chemical shifts of complexes of (pFC₆H₄)₃P and (m-FC₆H₄)₃P. The results of this aspect of the work are discussed in Chapter V; i.e., the data is discussed in terms of the "electron affinity" of the central metal.

In order to study the correlation of the "electron affinity" of the central metal with the rates and equilibrium constants for reactions of these complexes, a number of ligand exchange reactions were studied. Chapter III presents the results for such reactions of some palladium(II) phosphine complexes. In the course of this work the formation of four coordinate palladium phosphine cations was demonstrated. The formation of these cations was shown to be highly sensitive to the nature of the particular phosphine used. Chapter IV presents the results for some phosphine ligand exchange reactions of the complexes trans[(C₆H₅)₃Pl₂MCOX (M = Rh and Ir, X = Cl, Br and I) as well as some exchange reactions of the complexes [(C₆H₅)₃P]₃RhX (X = Cl, Br and I). It was shown that the course of these reactions was highly dependent upon the nature of the particular phosphine used in the exchange reaction and on the halide present.

The results described in Chapters III, IV and V are discussed at some length in Chapter VI. In this final chapter, it is argued that the results of the preceeding three chapters can be rationalized in terms of the donor and acceptor properties of the ligands and the acceptor and donor properties of the metal. The results of the ¹⁹ɼ nmr study are used to provide a measure of the acceptor properties of the metal complexes and data from the literature, based primarily on infrared studies are used as a basis for discussion of ligand donor properties. The results presented are consistent with the hypothesis that maximum stability is achieved by optimum matching of ligand donor/acceptor properties with the acceptor/donor properties of the metal.

Chapters I and II are largely introductory. Chapter I includes a brief review of the chemistry of the complexes and ligands discussed in this work. Chapter II gives the basic theories to nuclear magnetic resonance, and conductivity, the two physical techniques used throughout the experimental work reported in this thesis.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Bistable Field Effect Transistor (BISFET): Theory and Realization of A Novel Optoelectronic Switiching Device

contributor:
Simmons, J.G.
Jessop, P.E.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract:
A novel optoelectronic switching device, the bistable field effect transistor (BISFET) has been developed. The BISFET is an inversion channel heterostructure device containing a positive feedback loop transverse to the channel, between the gate and collector terminals. This leads to the existence of two distinct operating states. In one state, the feedback loop is in a high-impedance OFF state, associated with which are a large carrier population in the conduction channel and a correspondingly high drain current. In the other state, the feedback loop is in a low-impedance ON state, characterized by a small carrier population and relatively low drain current. These transitions, referred to as switchup and switchdown, sweep out a large hysteresis loop in the drain characteristics of the BISFET, making the device strongly bistable. A mathematical model is developed to describe the operation of the device.

Implementation of the BISFET in the GaAs/AIGaAs material system is reported. A study of the electrical characteristics of the device has been carried out, using two separate device configurations. In one configuration, a separate collector terminal is used to supply feedback current in the device. In the other, known as the integral collector configuration, the source contact simultaneously serves as the collector terminal. The electrical characteristics reveal a sharp drop in gate current corresponding with that in the drain current. This confirms the feedback loop as the origin of the switching. The gate characteristics are shown to exhibit S-type negative differential resistance (NDR) associated with the feedback loop. The transfer characteristics of the BISFET are found to contain hysteresis corresponding with that seen in the drain characteristics.

A single set of transitions is observed in the BISFET when the integral collector configuration is used. The feedback loop in this case lies between the gate and source terminal. Two distinct sets of transitions have been observed in this mode. The previously-observed set resulting from the gate-source feedback loop (integral collector configuration) is still present. In addition to this, however, a second set of transitions is seen, which is associated with the feedback loop between the gate and the separate collector terminal.

An enhancement in drain current is reported in the BISFET at low drain voltage. This increase, seen at high gate bias, is believed to result from a geometric and electrical symmetry between the source and drain terminals at low drain voltages. The turn-off of the enhancement with increasing drain bias varies from a gradual decline at lower gate voltages to an abrupt drop at higher values.

Optical bistability in the GaAs/AIGaAs BISFET is reported. The device is found to emit light from the active region when it is in the ON state. The light output exhibits abrupt transitions and hysteresis corresponding directly with those seen in the electrical characteristics. Optical control of the bistability is also reported. The drain voltages at which the current transitions occur are found to change when optical excitation is applied to the device. As the optical intensity is increased, the transition voltages decrease, then saturate, then increase.

The structure and fabrication process used for the BISFET are compatible with a range of other devices, including light sources and detectors. The feasibility of constructing optoelectronic integrated circuits using the BISFET is demonstrated using a circuit consisting of an LED and a BISFET current driver.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)