title: Investigation of the form and age of the Bloody Creek Crater, southwestern Nova Scotia

contributor:
Nalepa, Mariella (author)
(Spooner, Ian) (Thesis advisor)
(Williams, Peter) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Virtually all terrestrial impact craters exhibit a circular geometry in plan-form; only three impact sites exhibiting non-circular, elongate forms have been identified on Earth. One of these exceptional sites is the Bloody Creek Crater located in southwestern Nova Scotia, an approximately 0.42 km long-axis crater first identified in 1987 during a regional air photo survey and confirmed as an impact crater in 2009. The structure’s rare deviation from circular symmetry, pristine definition, preservation through shock metamorphic features of anomalously high pressures at the rim, low depth-to-diameter ratio, and age remain ambiguous and complicate the interpretation of the origin and evolution of the crater.  The purpose of this study was to quantify the form of the feature in order to better understand the nature and age of impact. To achieve this objective, analytical software was used to assess the shape of the crater rim. An extensive review of the literature was also performed to understand the controls on crater formation as well as to synthesize a model for the geomorphic evolution of the site that would aid in the interpretation of the age of the structure. Results demonstrate that the form of the crater rim is best approximated by an ellipse. This conclusion has resulted in the exclusion of a number of proposed impact models. Though elliptical craters may be formed by the erosion of circular impact features, the tectonic and/or geomorphic scenarios required to produce this outcome are inconsistent with models of evolution of the site. It is concluded that the Bloody Creek Crater was formed by very low angle impact into a nearly level target with minimum cover. Impact occurred after peneplanation of the South Mountain Batholith and after renewed uplift and erosion in the Tertiary, likely constraining the maximum age of impact to Pliocene. The pristine nature and nearly complete preservation of the rim structure may indicate a much younger pre- or syn-glacial age.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: The effect of fungal endophyte inoculation on physiological responses to drought in white spruce

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor:
Walker, Emily A (author)
(Reekie, Edward) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

rights: The author grants permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. The author retains the copyright of the thesis.

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Research regarding the benefits of fungal endophyte inoculation on pest control in forestry has been gaining momentum. However, ancillary benefits of endophyte inoculation have yet to be well characterized. This research investigated the effects of fungal endophyte inoculation on responses to water limitation in a variety of white spruce genotypes. Previous studies indicated that certain grass species infected with fungal endophytes exhibit increased tolerance to drought and other stresses. Measurements were conducted over a three year period, ending in 2011, on 32 white spruce genotypes and three endophyte strains. Analyses of variance were conducted on shoot dry weight, root to shoot ratio, growth index, relative growth rate, and gas exchange data. Results indicate that white spruce genotype exerted a strong control on physiological responses to endophyte treatment. A spectrum of responses was observed, indicating that spruce genotypes can interact positively, negatively, or in a neutral manner in the presence of an endophyte. Furthermore, a potential relationship between tree size and endophyte effect was observed, with smaller and slower-growing trees receiving a greater benefit from endophyte inoculation. Notably, water availability did not appear to impact the relationship between endophyte treatment and host genotype, although water did impact growth. Further research targeting the effect of endophyte strain on responses to treatment may refine our understanding of these interactions.

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: Effect of thin-cavity thickness on PM IRRAS background appearance of the solution/gold interface

contributor:
Nickerson, Hannah A. (author)
(Zamlynny, Vlad) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Polarization Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (PM IRRAS) is a surface analytical technique that allows for the investigation of ultra-thin films of molecules adsorbed at a metal surface. The application of this technique to water-soluble surfactants, such as corrosion inhibitors, has proved particularly challenging as the contribution from the bulk analyte to the PM IRRAS signal has to be removed before signal can be attributed to surface species.  This thesis continues development of PM IRRAS as a method for the investigation of corrosion inhibitors, benzotriazole (BTAH) and benzimidazole (BIA), at charged metal surfaces. PM IRRAS spectra have been simulated using the optical constants of these molecules in deuterated water (D2O). The simulations predict that PM IRRAS investigations of BTAH and BIA at the electrolyte/gold surface shall be successful, in the region of the prominent 1450 cm-1 absorption band.  In the process of PM IRRAS simulations, it was discovered that the thin-cavity thickness of the PM IRRAS flow cell alters the appearance of the spectra background, which may result in difficulty when baseline is subtracted during data processing, thus affecting the resulting spectra. A thin-cavity thickness of 3.0 μm was determined to provide the smoothest background, thus facilitating peak elucidation, while ensuring the bulk analyte does not contribute significantly to the PM IRRAS signal.

abstract: Chemistry


title: A low-budget underwater video system: uses and issues in ecological and behavioral research

contributor:
Cox, Conor (author)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: This study describes the applications and techniques involved with operating a low-budget underwater video surveillance system in conjunction with ecological and behavioral research. Underwater video monitoring was investigated in three areas: (1) remote monitoring of trapped American eel, (2) observations of Striped Bass and Gaspereau within the Gaspereau River salt wedge, and (3) vegetation surveys of a public watershed. Technical methods and issues of video surveillance range from active onboard recording, location selection and securing against tidal influence, direct observation, and monitoring animal behavior within a confined space. Software and technical issues (ie: lossy vs. lossless compression) as well as issues surrounding battery, CPU and storage limitations were also explored. Huffyuv was the most effective video format as it provided optimal compression without compromising quality, whereas other formats, including .mp4, were ineffective. Observations of eel behavior were effective, and extraction of habitat information from vegetation surveys shows promise if speed is kept to a minimum. Video observation show promise in both vegetation surveys and especially in remote observation of eel pots, but Striped Bass observations may require additional cameras and equipment as visibility and camera coverage proved to be limiting factors. Overall a wide spectrum of underwater video uses was explored to establish which areas of research may be supplemented by low-budget video recording.

abstract: Biology


title: The outsider-within?: The role of race and gender in the academic and social integration of black female students at Acadia University

contributor:
Lesmond, Gayle J. (author)
(Abramson, Zelda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: This study assesses the experiences of black female students attending a predominantly white university. In particular, I examine the ways by which gender and race influence the academic and social adjustment patterns of black female students attending Acadia University. The literature reveals a range of individual and situational factors (factors that are external to the individual) that influence black students’ social and academic experiences in predominantly white universities. A combination of Dorothy Smith’s Feminist Standpoint Theory, Black Feminism, Patricia Hill Collins’ “Outsider-Within” theory, and Alice Walker’s theory of Womanism are used as complementary theoretical frameworks. By conducting six semi-structured interviews and a content analysis of past yearbooks, I found that black women’s experiences at Acadia are diverse and differ by a range of factors including culture and country of origin. Furthermore, race and gender play a fundamental role in the university experiences of black female students. However, race appears to be more salient than gender in the lives of these women. Moreover, although black female students generally share positive experiences, further probing reveals that racism and sexism are major problems for them. This, I argue, poses many challenges to their successful integration into the wider campus community.

abstract: Sociology


title: Distribution, prevalence, mean intensity, relative density and life history implications of helminths in coyotes of Nova Scotia

contributor:
Power, Jason W. B. (author)
(Smith, Todd) (Thesis advisor)
(O'Brien, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Coyotes  (Canis  latrans)  are  widely  distributed  in  North  America,  and  were  first  recorded  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1977.  Common  parasitic  worms  of  coyotes  outside  of  Nova  Scotia  include  canine  heartworms  (Dirofilaria  immitis),  lungworms  (Oslerus  osleri)  and  tapeworms  (Echinococcus  spp.).  However,  the  parasite  fauna  of  coyotes  from  Nova  Scotia  has  not  been  investigated.  The  objectives  of  this  study  were  to  determine  geographical  range,  prevalence,  mean  intensity  and  relative  density  of  worm  parasites  in  coyotes  from  Nova  Scotia,  and  to  investigate  if  prevalence,  mean  intensity  and  relative  density  were  consistent  among  different  age  classes  of  this  mammal.  A  total  of  235  coyotes  were  collected  from  trappers  in  2010  and  2011.  Hearts,  lungs  and  gastrointestinal  tracts  were  removed  from  coyotes  and  examined  for  parasites.  Teeth  from  lower  jaws  were  examined  to  assess  the  age  of  each  coyote.  Crenosoma  vulpis  and  O.  osleri,  two  species  of  lungworms,  were  by  far  the  most  prevalent  parasites,  found  in  31%  and  37%  of  coyotes,  respectively,  throughout  the  province.  There  was  a  mean  intensity  of  6.9  adult  C.  vulpis  and  8.9  nodules  of  O.  osleri  in  infected  coyotes  across  all  age  classes,  but  a  significant  difference  in  the  mean  intensity  of  either  parasite  was  not  observed  among  different  age  classes.  There  was  a  relative  density  of  2.1  C.  vulpis  and  3.4  O.  osleri  in  coyotes  sampled  across  all  age  classes,  with  a  significantly  higher  density  of  each  parasite  in  juveniles.  Uncinaria  stenocephala  (hookworm),  Toxocara  canis  (intestinal  roundworm),  Alaria  spp.  (intestinal  fluke),  and  Taenia  spp.  (tapeworm)  were  present  at  lower  prevalences.  The  life  history  implications  of  these  novel  findings  will  be  discussed  in  relation  to  the  possibility  of  parasite  transmission  to  domestic  dogs.

abstract: Biology


title: The competitive growth dynamics and effects of reserpine on Listeria species in Fraser broth

contributor:
Langille, Jaimie M. (author)
(Ells, Tim) (Thesis advisor)
(d'Entremont, Hélène) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a Gram-positive intracellular pathogen and causal agent of food-borne listeriosis. The primary vehicle for Listeria transmission is processed food, especially dairy items and deli meats. In nature, Lm often persists in mixed microbial communities with other Listeria spp., making isolation and detection by standard methods difficult. Non-pathogenic Listeria spp. often out-compete Lm during selective enrichment in Fraser broth (FB). This phenomenon may be due to; 1) increased ability for nutrient acquisition, and/or 2) variation in sensitivities to FB inhibitory compounds. Growth curves were constructed in FB for two Lm strains (Lm74 and Lm77) paired with a number of L. innocua (Lin) and L. welshimeri (Lw) strains to visualize the overgrowth trend. To test the role of nutrient acquisition, bulk transfer of nutrients was restricted by adding solidifying agents (agar, agarose, or κ carageenan) to FB at 1.0% or 1.5%. Results showed that an increase in solidifier percentage increased growth of Lm while in combination with certain Lin or Lw strains. To evaluate application of this method to food testing, Havarti cheese and salami samples were inoculated with Lm/Lw or Lm/Lin prior to adding agar/broth mixture; an increase in Lm was observed. To elucidate effects of inhibitory agents in FB, disk diffusion assays were used to show Lm was more sensitive than Lin or Lw to acriflavine. Since acriflavine resistance may be via an efflux mechanism, growth curves were constructed for paired strains in the presence of acriflavine and efflux pump inhibitor, reserpine. Reserpine significantly (P < 0.05) impacted the growth for Lm but not Lin, indicating a different mechanism for resistance may exist in Lin. These results may help elucidate the overgrowth phenomenon in FB and assist in the development of better isolation methods for Listeria monocytogenes.

abstract: Biology


title: Relationship processes and students' conversations about health when reading to a child-surrogate doll

contributor:
Dickson, Jenna R. (author)
(Symons, Doug) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Previous studies have shown significant correlations between parents’ use of mental state  (MS) language, elaborative discourse and children’s social understanding. Furthermore,  parental language also predicts children’s attachment orientation, an important predictor  of child developmental outcomes. Little is known, however, about adult MS language, so  the present study examined adult attachment orientation and its relation to language use  with an unknown social partner. Adult romantic attachment was measured using the self-report  ECR-R, and participants were asked to complete a joint reading task and  discussion with a child-surrogate doll. Transcripts from this reading about health events  were coded for MS language during the book reading and for elaborative discourse after  the book had ended. Additionally, participants’ physical expressiveness during the book  reading was coded. There were no significant correlations with attachment measures.  These results show that attachment may not be a significant correlate of talk about  thoughts and feelings when social partners have no previously shared experiences.  Keywords: mental state language, elaborative discourse, adult attachment

abstract: Psychology


title: The digital divide within education caused by the Internet

contributor:
Todd, Benjamin (author)
(Thomson, Tony) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: This thesis examines the emergence of a cultural lag between old text-based societies and new multimedia societies resulting from the Internet, focusing specifically on education. It challenges the traditional definition of what it means to be educated, while examining the double-edged nature of any technological advance. The Internet, which is widely regarded as one of the most influential and transformative technologies for teaching and learning, is developing into more than just a communication tool. The Internet is starting to affect profoundly the social, political and cultural fabric of our daily lives on a global scale.  Primary research for the thesis consisted of an online questionnaire comprised of short answer and multiple choice questions, with a total sample size of 53. The questionnaire was designed with the objective that respondents from a variety of ages and backgrounds would be able to answer the questions. Based upon how the data were gathered, the participants were limited to include only those who could conveniently access the Internet.  The argument of the thesis is that a growing gap is developing between traditional, institutionalized education and the typical ways modern youth learn and find information through the use of modern technologies. The thesis highlights the lack of appropriate training in digital citizenship provided for teachers, resulting in cancelled classes and frustrated students, as teachers use Internet technologies as a support for older, out-of-date teaching pedagogies. This study also analyzes the need for a new interpretation of what it means to be educated, because students are now accessing information and learning outside the classroom. Finally, this study examines the changing role of teachers as the rapid acceleration of information makes being proficient in Internet technologies a necessity within many countries

abstract: Sociology


title: X-Ray diffraction of the weathering zone of the Bisha Zn-Cu-Au volcanic massive sulphide deposit, Eritrea

contributor:
Halama, Kacper (author)
(Stanley, Cliff) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Weathering of the Bisha volcanic hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposit has  produced several enrichment zones: (i) a gossanous oxide Au zone above, (ii) a  supergene zone of chalcocite replacement of sulphide minerals between, (iii) a  hypogene sphalerite-chalcopyrite-bearing massive sulphide body below. These  enrichment zones differ from those developed over other VHMS deposits (Ladysmith,  Wisconsin; Caribou, New Brunswick; Las Cruces, Spain; Golden Grove, Western  Australia) in that supergene Pb mineralization (galena, siderite) occurs immediately  above the Cu enrichment zone, and oxide Au grades are ten times that of hypogene  mineralization (in contrast to the up to two-fold Au enrichment typically observed at  other deposits). In order to understand how these anomalous zones developed, X-Ray  diffraction analysis was undertaken on samples from a cross-section to gain insight into  the mineralogical changes that took place during weathering. Lithologies within the  weathering zone consist of: (i) Au- bearing gossan, (ii) acid leached rocks, (iii) saprolite,  (iv) supergene sulphide mineralization, and (v) hypogene massive sulphide. Using  lithogeochemical compositions of these rocks, ordinary least squares regression  methods were used to obtain ‘best fit’ mineral modes for each weathering zone. These  have been plotted on cross-sections to define the weathering patterns present in these  rocks, and indicate that lateral groundwater flow is likely responsible for an asymmetric  distribution of these zones. With these mineralogical constraints, chemical reactions can  now be identified to explain the bulk material transfers responsible for the formation of  each weathering zone.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Immunocompetence of Leach's storm-petrels (Oceanodroma  leucorhoa)

contributor:
Ryan, Chelsea J. (author)
(Shutler, Dave) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Growth and reproduction are energetically demanding life history events. When resources are limiting, trade-offs can occur in energy allocation. Long-lived species are hypothesized to prioritize immune function over energetically demanding traits, such as growth and reproduction. Leach’s storm-petrels are ideal for testing energetic trade-offs, because they are an abundant, long-lived species. Blood samples from 20 nestling and 26 adult Leach’s storm-petrels were collected to evaluate immunocompetence using a bacteria-killing assay. Duplicate Petri plates were prepared for each sample and the number of bacterial colonies that formed was counted. Colony counts were highly repeatable. Colony counts did not differ significantly between adults and chicks. For adults, no significant relationships were found between colony counts and morphological trait measurements (lowest P = 0.27). For chicks, when all growth measurements were included, no significant relationships were found between colony counts and growth rates of tarsi, bills, or wings (lowest P = 0.27). A significant relationship was observed between colony counts and mass growth rate (P = 0.02). When growth occurring after blood collection was excluded from analysis, significant positive correlations were observed between bacterial colony counts and growth rates of bills (P = 0.05) and mass (P = 0.006). No correlation was observed between colony counts of adults and their offspring. My results suggest that there is a “haves vs. have-nots” relationship between immunocompetence and mass growth rate. Negative correlations between growth rates and colony counts suggest individuals investing in high growth rate also invest in high immunocompetence. The absence of a difference in immunocompetence between chicks and adults is contrary to other published studies.

abstract: Biology


title: Visual processing of distractors in an enumeration task

contributor:
Dienes, Natasha L. A. (author)
(Brodeur, Darlene) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Although distractors have been found to affect performance in visual attention tasks, little research has examined the nature of processing that distracters undergo. The current experiment investigated the extent to which distractors are processed in an enumeration task. Forty-two university students were asked to enumerate 2-5 target circles (no-switch trials) or 2-5 distractor circles (switch trials) in each array. Display time (470 ms or 200 ms) of the array and percentage of switch trials (20% or 70%) were also manipulated. An analysis of accuracy (percent correct) and reaction time revealed that participants were able to process distractors in the array, but the extent of processing was mediated by all manipulations. Participants were also able to change their visual processing strategy depending on the demands of the task. These results were explained using mechanisms from FINST theory and perceptual hypothesis testing theory.

abstract: Psychology


title: Post-concussive syndrome and blood pressure: A pilot project

contributor:
Shaw, Ashley M. (author)
(MacLeod, James) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Concussions are an increasingly prevalent injury within the sporting world and  considered by many to be the most challenging injury that physicians and therapists face.  The purpose of this pilot project was to examine the factors in determining whether  implementing relaxed and proper breathing techniques in an exercise regime, more  specifically a yoga program, would promote a more rapid recovery in post- concussive  individuals.  The study consisted of a total of six Acadia Varsity athletes, three post-concussive  and three healthy. The research was gathered over a four-week time period and consisted  of a yoga and resistance training program, three times a week for a duration of 60  minutes. Physiological variables such as heart rate and blood pressure were continually  monitored throughout the exercise session. Additionally, symptom trajectory was  evaluated through the use of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool2, medical evaluation  card.  The major conclusion from this research was that every individual responds to  concussion management protocols differently. Thus, with the expected course of  concussion resolution being unknown, uniform management guidelines will vary from  person to person. The study did reveal improvements in post-concussive signs and  symptoms in both post-concussive athletes who participated in the yoga program. This  research suggests that aerobic exercise more specifically yoga, a form of complementary  and alternative medicine, may be an effective approach in rehabilitating athletes.  However, due to the nature of the study and limitations inherent to any preliminary  research, the results are insignificant. Further research with a larger sample size, and a  greater control over the extraneous variables could prove to be beneficial in improving  allotted recovery times in post-concussive athletes.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Simultaneous confidence bands for logistic regression with applications to miticide effectiveness study

contributor:
Byun, Ji Won (author)
(Peng, Jianan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: In the last  fty  ve years or so, a great deal of research e ort has been made on the  construction of simultaneous con dence bands for a linear regression function and a  logistic regression. The valuable monograph by Liu (2010) presents a lot of simul-  taneous con dence bands for regression problems. This thesis follows Chapter 8 of  \Con dence Bands for Logistic Regression" in Liu (2010). We consider applications  to miticide e ectiveness studies on the two spotted spider mite. We use simulation  method to obtain critical values for the statistical inference. We consider the equiva-  lence assessment for several treatment response probabilities and a control response  probability which has not appeared in the literature.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: The stereotypic behaviours of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in structured and unstructured physical activity

contributor:
Vidito, Shana K. (author)
(Seaman, Roxanne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: The purpose was to study and observe children with Autism Spectrum Disorder  (ASD) in structured and unstructured physical activity and determine how these types of  physical activity settings affected the stereotypical behaviours of the children with ASD.  This was done simultaneously alongside a research study whose aim was to implement a  fundamental movement skill program for children with ASD. Participants included one  five-year-old and two seven-year-olds. A single case study design was used for this  study. Data were collected periodically by systematic observation and field notes during  an eight week period in the fall school semester. Once a week, for eight weeks,  participants would attend the program and take part in both structured physical activity in  the form of an obstacle course, and unstructured physical activity in the form of free play.  The observer watched the children participate in physical activity and recorded instances  of the participants’ stereotypical behaviours. A plus (+) sign indicated the presence of  stereotypical behaviour and a minus (-) sign indicated the absence of stereotypical  behaviour. The chart focused on 23 behaviours and was adapted from a study by  Levinson and Reid (1993). It was found that the participants’ stereotypical behaviours  were seen less in the structured physical activity than in the unstructured free play  physical activity; however the participants varied in their levels of decrease. These  results are consistent with previous literature that show that a structured physical activity  program can reduce the presence of stereotypical behaviors in children with ASD. These  results indicate that children with ASD will benefit most from physical activity programs  that include a structured physical activity aspect.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: The effects of familiar and unfamiliar music on maximal running performance

contributor:
Loewen, Holly (author)
(Murphy, René) (Thesis advisor)
(Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Music is thought by many to play a role in exercise performance enhancement. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether familiar music or unfamiliar music will have an ergogenic effect on physiological, psychological and biomechanical variables during a maximal exercise task when compared to a control condition. Thirteen female participants of varying fitness levels who exercise regularly with music were recruited in this study. Each participant completed all three conditions in a randomized order. Music was presented via headphones and each participant provided a set list of music they were familiar with and regularly exercised with. This was matched with a set list of music unfamiliar to the participant and a third control (no music) condition was performed by each person as well. A modified Ǻstrand treadmill protocol was used for all three conditions. Participants were required to run until they reached voluntary fatigue. Measures of heart rate, ventilation, perceived exertion, oxygen consumption and strides taken were recorded throughout the trial and blood glucose and blood lactate were measured at the end of each condition. One-way ANOVAs were used to assess significance between the conditions and significance was accepted at 0.05. No statistically significant results were found for any of the variables. Small trends were noted for some variables, with the music conditions showing slightly greater effects on several variables measured. This study was unable to demonstrate an ergogenic effect of music (familiar or unfamiliar) in this diverse group of female exercisers.  Keywords: music, physiology, psychology, maximal exercise, biomechanics

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Muslims and discrimination in Canadian culture and law: Cultural conflict theory

contributor:
Heffernan, Victoria (author)
(Thomson, Tony) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: In Canada, the remnants of essentialist colonial discourse conflicts with modern values and prevents the evolution of Canadian society from becoming a true multicultural state. Conflict between Canada’s established society and Muslim Canadians has challenged the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, particularly Section Two which covers the right to practice religion. Using secondary sources and interviews with four Muslim Canadians, I examine common challenges that this large minority group experiences in Canadian society. I discuss the complications of distinguishing between the conflicting practises that are religious and ones that are cultural, and explain the importance of distinguishing the difference between them. Because the Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects only the religious aspects of Muslim life in Canada, the cultural confrontation must be resolved within the community. To reconcile the injustices and ‘racial othering’ (Zawilski 2010) of the Muslim population, I propose a few solutions that would bring more social equality to this group and educate the community, reducing the stigma associated with the Muslim faith in the Western world. Ultimately, I found the challenges and solutions to be more complex than I had anticipated. The Muslim religion is spread over many different cultural traditions and Muslim immigrants have different national origins. Within these different cultures, customs and practices vary among individuals and groups.

abstract: Sociology


title: Ambush cops and robbers

contributor:
Creighton, Melissa (author)
(Clarke, Nancy) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: In this thesis an adapted version of the game Cops and Robber will be discussed. This  adaptation will be referred to as Ambush Cops and Robbers. We will start the thesis  by discussing previous ideas about Cops and Robber, focusing on those presented by  Nowakowski and Winkler as well as Quilliot. We will then move into a discussion of  the Copwin Strategy as introduced by Clarke. Next we will move into the adapted  version of the game, Ambush Cops and Robbers. It is first necessary to define the  rules of the new game. We will then consider various results that are obtained as  a consequence of the new rules and distinguish between ambush robberwin graphs  and ambush copwin graphs, making particular note of those graphs that change from  copwin to robberwin, and conversely, under the new rules. Next we will present a  strategy, the Ambush Copwin Strategy, that can be used to win on such graphs. In  developing such a strategy it is important to consider the troublesome situations that  the cop would encounter, as well as a useful class of graphs to play such a strategy  on. Also some “good moves” will be developed for use in a troublesome situation.  Finally, the thesis will be concluded by a discussion of the role of a second cop in the  game Ambush Cops and Robbers.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: In-situ expression analysis of CRABS CLAW, AGAMOUS and PLENA in carpel morphogenesis in Physocarpus opulifolius (Rosaceae)

contributor:
MacDonald, Kayla (author)
(Evans, Rodger) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Angiosperms are the dominant group of modern land plants. Although there is incredible diversity in floral morphology, most flowers can be separated into four distinct whorls: sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. Numerous studies of floral organ mutants in model species provide evidence that floral organ identity in each whorl is determined by combinations of MADS-box genes. The ABC model describes interactions between classes of MADS-box genes that code for the different organ whorls. For example, C-class MADS-box genes, namely AGAMOUS (AG) and PLENA (PLE), determine stamen and carpel identity. CRABS CLAW (CRC), of the YABBY gene family, also plays a role in carpel morphogenesis, and studies suggest it encodes a transcription factor that regulates growth and polarity of the developing gynoecium, as well as development of the nectaries. The rose family (Rosaceae) comprises many economically important plants, such as apple and rose, and investigations into floral developmental genes in this family have largely been limited to these plants. In the present study, mRNA probes were chemically labelled for in-situ hybridization analyses of various stages of Physocarpus opulifolius floral development. The primary goal is to determine expression patterns of CRC, AG and PLE genes in this non-model plant. Consistent with results from model species, CRC is expressed in the abaxial region of developing carpels of Physocarpus, whereas AG and PLE are expressed throughout initiation and development of petals, stamens and carpels. Comparative studies of expression patterns of the genes involved in determining carpel identity will increase our understanding of how these genes work together to control and mediate the formation of carpels in angiosperm plants.

abstract: Biology


title: Implementing a fundamental movement skills program for children with autism

contributor:
Atkinson, Alyssa B. (author)
(Seaman, Roxanne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: The purpose of this study was to teach and correct fundamental movement skills  to children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) with the use of video modeling and  video feedback teaching techniques. This was done over the course of an eight-week  program, in which participants were taught 12 fundamental movement skills including:  (a) running; (b) galloping; (c) hopping; (d) leaping; (e) horizontal jumping; (f) sliding; (g)  striking a stationary ball; (h) stationary dribble; (i) catching; (j) kicking; (k) overhand  throwing; and (l) underhand rolling. Once a week, participants would attend the program  and take part in structured physical activity, in the form of fundamental movement  obstacle courses, as well as unstructured physical activity, in the form of free play.  Participants were video-recorded throughout to keep an observational record of motor  skills and movement patterns displayed. The observer would also watch the children  participate in physical activity and make field notes on movement patterns and  fundamental movement skills. It was found that video modeling and video feedback were  an effective means of teaching fundamental movement skills to children with ASD, as  well as generalizing fundamental movement skills to novel settings. These results indicate  that children with ASD will benefit from motor development programs that include visual  instructional strategies, such as video modeling and video feedback.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Multislice simulation of TEM images

contributor:
Reid, Graham D. (author)
(Robertson, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Numeric simulation of physical processes can be a highly useful tool that enables experimenters  to investigate situations and processes that would otherwise be difficult or impossible  to examine in the lab. Applied to the subject of electron diffraction and the simulation  of transmission electron microscope images, numerical methods enable experimenters to  examine the effects of defects in materials and help to identify imaging artifacts [4].  In this thesis, two important aspects of image simulation, specimen potential and calcu-lation  methodology have been investigated. An alternative and more accurate method of  calculating the specimen potential is investigated and two variants on the multislice method  (originally developed by Cowley and Moodie [2]) for transmission electron microscope im-age  simulation are presented and analyzed. Additionally, a brief overview of the effects of  super-cell size on real space and reciprocal space images is given.  It is shown that the standard method of calculating the specimen potential gives results  consistent with the new potential calculation method when the simulation slice thickness is  made small. This observation indicates that Kirkland’s minimum slice thickness hypothesis  may be in error [4]. In addition, it is demonstrated that the multislice method is not conver-gent  on a direct numeric integration of the Schr¨odinger equation and that the dimensions  of the simulated super cell contribute significantly to image formation.

abstract: Physics


title: Mechanisms of conquest: A re-consideration of the Davidian feudalisation of Scotland

contributor:
Grant, Sean K. (author)
(MacDonald, Jennifer) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: This thesis aims to shatter the myth that the Davidian-era in Scottish history was  characterized by an enlightened reform of the kingdom under a dynasty of pious rulers.  Rather, the period saw the aggressive assertion of Scottish power and the imposition of  Canmore rule over North Britain. It will be shown that King David I and his grandsons,  Kings Malcolm IV and William I, had little interest in transforming the Gaelic realm of Alba  into an Anglo-Norman political society. Instead, the feudalisation was undertaken to cement  royal control over territories that had only recently fallen within the orbit of Scottish Crown,  or those that were conquered by the Davidians themselves during the course of the 12th  century. Nor was their great program of Church patronage driven by genuine Christian  charity. David and his grandsons used feudal land-grant charters to endow reformed  monastic orders in order to build up diplomatic capital with the Papacy, and eliminate the  claims of York to supremacy over the Scottish Church. Such claims threatened the  independence of the Scottish Crown, and the Davidians used their familiarity with feudal  practice and language to side-step assertions of overlordship made by a succession of English  kings. Through an examination of charters, landscape evidence, diplomatic agreements, and  papal correspondence, this thesis invalidates the notion of a benign reformist initiative on the  part of the Davidian kings, and exposes the imperialistic ambitions behind the feudalisation  of Scotland.

abstract: History & Classics


title: The impacts of historical and ongoing human activities on amphibian diversity in Bilsa Biological Station, western Ecuador

contributor:
Jongsma, Gregory F. M. (author)
(Herman, Tom) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Human activity in western Ecuador is extensive in the form of logging and slash-and-burn agriculture, however the impacts of these activities on amphibian diversity is almost completely unknown. During a nine-month study in the Bilsa Biological Station situated in the province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador I attempted to evaluate the impacts of these activities. Amphibian diversity was estimated using visual encounter surveys along transects in pristine sites (forest and river habitat that has no history of human activities) and historically disturbed sites (forest and river habitat that was logged between 1989 and 1995) as well as along roads with varying levels of ongoing human activity. The results of this study indicate that the influence of disturbance on the diversity and composition of amphibian assemblages in the Bilsa Biological Station varies with habitat. Amphibian assemblages along rivers were the richest as well as the least impacted by human activity. Diversity and species richness were lower in secondary than in primary forest suggesting that amphibian assemblages in interior forest habitat are more vulnerable to disturbances caused by logging. Road habitat around Bilsa harboured a very different amphibian assemblage from that of forest and river habitats. The results of this study show that amphibian assemblages vary markedly in vulnerability to disturbances by human activity; recognising these differences is critical for developing land management plans that promote amphibian diversity in north western Ecuador.

abstract: Biology


title: Woods/Harbour: Life on the line

contributor:
Brannen, Jake E. (author)
(Campbell, Wanda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: These poems reflect the author’s sense of place in a rural fishing community on the South Shore of Nova Scotia. The theme of distinct natural environments distinguished even more from one another by the human civilization that cuts a rift between them is what grounds this collection, and the notion that human thought and activity works to reconnect these environments gives this theme its energy and resonance. The end result is a thorough exploration of a home place from various perspectives which build on one another from one section to the next.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Listening in the fast lane: Detecting harbour porpoise activity in the Minas Passage

contributor:
Fogarty, Lauren C. (author)
(Redden, Anna) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: In the Bay of Fundy and elsewhere, macro-tidal coastal waters with high current  speeds (>2 m/s) are sites of interest and activity for harnessing tidal energy, a renewable  and predictable energy resource. However, there is currently very little understanding of  the effects of tidal in-stream energy conversion (TISEC) devices (i.e. tidal turbines) on  the behavior of marine mammals. The Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy  (FORCE) is testing turbines in the Minas Passage and addressing their impacts on the  environment. The current research program includes examination of the presence and  activity of marine mammals to address questions related to potential environmental  impacts, including risk of harm to marine mammals inhabiting the area. Of specific  interest is potential disturbance to the Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), the most  commonly occurring marine mammal species in the Passage. This study used passive  acoustic monitoring devices (C-PODs) to detect click trains (and thus activity) of these  highly vocal, echolocating animals. Three units were positioned in the FORCE test area  from August to November 2010 and from May to August 2011. The goal of this study  was to characterize the spatial (between site) and temporal (day/night, seasonal) baseline  activity of Harbour porpoises as well as porpoise activity associated with the tidal cycle  and current speed. Porpoises were present on all days (May-Nov), with peak activity in  late June. Significant differences were detected between sites and there was significantly  greater porpoise activity (based on click trains) during the night than during the day. The  C-PODs recorded significantly greater detections during ebbing tide than during flooding  tide, with reduced levels of detection at current velocities >1.6 m/s. This may be a  behavioral response but could also be an effect associated with detection interference at  high flows (i.e. high ambient noise), effects on C-POD unit tilt at high current speed, or  some combination of these and other factors.

abstract: Biology


title: Nutrition knowledge and practices of varsity coaches at a Canadian university

contributor:
Danaher, Kavanagh (author)
(Curley, Tristaca) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Coaches’ nutrition knowledge and subsequent nutrition recommendations have an impact on athletes’ health. This study’s purpose was to determine Canadian varsity coaches’ nutrition knowledge and their nutrition recommendation practices. In addition the present study sought to determine if a coaches’ nutrition knowledge impacts whether he/she makes nutrition recommendations to his/her athletes. Coaches’ accessibility to dietitians was also examined, in order to determine if and how dietitians can be incorporated into the Canadian varsity sport system. Coaches (n=5) completed a nutrition knowledge questionnaire and a semi-structured interview pertaining to their nutrition, hydration and supplementation recommendation practices. The semi-structured interview also examined coaches’ weight management recommendations to athletes and their experiences with athletes who exhibit disordered eating symptoms as well as accessibility of dietitians. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results showed a low nutrition knowledge and that all (n=5) coaches make nutrition recommendations to their athletes. Coaches made recommendations in hydration, supplementation and weight management sections that were potentially detrimental to the health of athletes. In addition, recommendations in the hydration, training diet, pre-competition, recovery, supplementation, and weight management sections had potentially negative performance consequences to the athlete. Roles outlined for dietitians include team presentations, handouts on popular nutrition issues, one-on-one meetings with athletes and coaches who have specific concerns, policy development, advocating on the behalf of athletes with disordered eating symptoms, and interactions x  with meal hall staff to improve food services to athletes. Further research should be conducted with a larger sample size of coaches and/or determine the effects of dietitian involvement in Canadian varsity sports.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: Thomas Cromwell and factional politics at the Tudor court

contributor:
Coleman, Jerika Layne (author)
(MacDonald, Jennifer) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: The historiography of Thomas Cromwell often portrays him as the villain of the Tudor court who set out to remove from power all the people who stood in the way of his ambition. The image of a bloodthirsty evil man has received widespread acceptance amongst historians and the people. In reality, the actions of Cromwell must be studied in concert with factional politics in order to be fully understood. His greatest motivations were ambition and survival. Unfortunately, Cromwell’s class and performance of gender meant that his position was always precarious, and survival was extremely difficult. Cromwell continually aligned himself with successful factions in order to gain more power for himself and to take power away from his enemy, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. Cromwell remained faithful to Cardinal Wolsey, but in order to survive Wolsey’s fall, Cromwell joined the Boleyn faction, who had helped eliminate Wolsey. As Anne Boleyn fell from favour, Cromwell broke ties with the Boleyns and joined the Seymours in order to remain in Henry’s favour. Despite the popularly held belief, Cromwell’s role in the trial and execution of Anne Boleyn was motivated by survival, not personal vendetta. Cromwell remained faithful to the Seymour faction until Jane’s death, which he saw as an opportunity to gain political advantage and further his religious agenda. However, after Cromwell succeeded in convincing Henry to marry Anne of Cleves, Norfolk was able to draw Henry’s attention was drawn to Katherine Howard, Norfolk’s niece. As Henry grew disenchanted with Anne of Cleves, Norfolk directed Henry’s anger towards Cromwell instead, and finally succeeded in turning the king against Cromwell. Cromwell rose to power because of his ability to maneuver amongst political factions, but the enemies he garnered during the process led to his own downfall.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Crime rates and economic factors in Canada

contributor:
Zajac, Robyn (author)
(Kayahan, Burc) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: In  the  1990s  in  the  United  States,  crime  fell  in  all  categories  and  all  parts  of  the  country.  This  thesis  examines  whether  or  not  this  phenomenon  occurred  in  Canada.  In  addition,  it  will  examine  the  effect  of  socioeconomic  factors  on  crime  rates  in  Canada.  Finally,  I  will  observe  whether  this  trend  continued  into  the  2000s.  Regression  analysis  is  the  main  tool  of  analysis  adopted  in  my  thesis.  In  particular,  time-‐series  data  (collected  at  the  provincial  level)  will  be  utilized  to  estimate  a  panel  data  regression  model.  Provincial  data  are  collected  from  CANSIM  for  the  1990-‐2009  period  to  conduct  the  panel  data  analysis.  The  following  provinces  are  included  in  the  sample:  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  Quebec,  Ontario,  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan,  Alberta,  and  British  Columbia.  Dependent  variables  consist  of  the  overall  crime  rate,  as  well  as  violent  and  property  crime  rates.  In  terms  of  explanatory  variables,  factors  that  relate  to  population  demographics  (age,  education  and  immigration),  economic  conditions  (per  capita  income,  unemployment,  poverty  rate,  social  assistance)  and  law  enforcement  (number  of  convicts  and  police  expenditures)  are  included  in  the  specification.  Fixed  effects  models  are  adopted  to  control  for  time-‐invariant,  province  specific  unobserved  heterogeneity.  Based  on  the  regression  results,  key  socioeconomic  variables  that  might  impact  crime  rates  appear  to  be:  GDP  per  capita,  convicts,  and  police  expenditures

abstract: Economics


title: The voices of students with learning disabilities: An untold story

contributor:
Hornell-Kennedy, Victoria (author)
(Brittain, James) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: This thesis examines the benefit for students with learning disabilities of attending a small Canadian University. The research investigated the importance of an extensive social network in establishing a stable self-concept and high self-esteem, which has been shown to have a large impact on academic success. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with students with learning disabilities seeking assistance at Acadia University’s Resource Centre. An employee of the Resource Centre was also interviewed. The results indicated that, overall, students felt that they benefited by attending Acadia University. Students felt Acadia provided a sense of community, yet a specific community was lacking for students with learning disabilities. Based on the findings of the interviews and an extensive review of the literature, policy changes and recommendations are provided. The focus of these policy suggestions is to enhance the learning environment for students with learning disabilities, while establishing a community for students with learning disabilities.

abstract: Sociology


title: Bottom substrate and associated epibenthic biota of the FORCE tidal energy test site in the Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy

contributor:
Morrison, Kaycee J. (author)
(Redden, Anna) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: The bottom substrate and associated biological assemblages of the Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy (FORCE) tidal in-stream turbine demonstration area in the Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy, were investigated to address information gaps in the assessment of potential impacts of tidal energy developments. Characterization of the seafloor was completed using qualitative and quantitative analyses of video surveys and still photographs collected during the 2008-2009 Environmental Assessment for the test site. Commonly observed species include Halichondria panicea (yellow breadcrumb sponge), Asteria vulgaris (a variety of seastar), Henricia sanguinolenta (bloodstar), and Urticina felina (Northern Red anemone). Still frames taken from videographic surveys were processed using ImageJ software for determination of percent cover of macrofaunal species in relation to various habitat features (cobbles, boulders, depth, etc.). Epifauna relationships with features of the physical environment in the Minas Passage were examined and distribution of benthic macrofauna was mapped as an aid to FORCE, project developers and environmental regulators. Given the observed low biodiversity and the prevalence of encrusting yellow breadcrumb sponge, risk to the benthic community following the installation of subsea infrastructure is likely to be low. The data and results presented will be used in future determinations of temporal changes in the benthic community and the assessment of potential impacts of and on installed subsea infrastructure (e.g. cables, gravity bases).

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: Meso-functionalized BODIPY dyes: Effect of C2 and C6 substitution on electrophilicity, photostability and excited state energy levels

contributor:
Lincoln, Richard A. (author)
(Lukeman, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: A series of recently prepared meso-functionalized BODIPY dyes was studied for their possible application as fluorogenic probes for nucleophiles. The meso-formyl BODIPY dyes are non-emissive compared to their meso-acetoxy or hydroxymethyl counterparts, and thus can serve as fluorogenic off/on probes for nucleophilic attack. Preliminary kinetic studies are herein described where hemi-acetal or acetal formation is followed in real time in acetonitrile and liposomes in the presence of various alcohols and thioalcohols as substrates. It was found that electron-withdrawing groups increased the reactivity of the dyes and that the dyes were more sensitive to small nucleophiles. The photostability of the meso-acetoxymethyl BODIPY dyes was studied in the presence and absence of dissolved oxygen to provide insight on the mechanism of BODIPY photodecomposition. It was found that the dyes were more photostable in the absence of oxygen, and that the addition of cyano groups at the C2 and C6 positions drastically increased photostability. The meso-formyl dyes were further studied to explain their non-emissive behaviour and were found to be luminescent at 77 K in diethyl ether glass. In addition to the kinetic studies, the synthesis of a new series of α,β-unsaturated BODIPY aldehydes was pursued as possible sensors for Michael addition, but the reactions were unsuccessful.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Shade intolerance in plants and response to elevated carbon dioxide

contributor:
Sweet, Sarah H.E. (author)
(Reekie, Edward) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere have been rising due to anthropogenic  fossil fuel use and land clearing practices. One of the potential impacts of increasing CO2  will be upon plants. CO2 is an input in the photosynthetic process and has a direct impact  on the ability of plants to grow. However, it is well known that the extent to which  photosynthesis increases in response to elevated CO2 varies with the level of competition.  Changes in plant allocation occur when plants compete for available light through a  process known as the shade avoidance response. A low red:far red ratio (R:FR) causes  shade intolerant plants to rise above competing plants by allocating energy to stem  elongation at the expense of leaves, storage organs, and roots. It was hypothesized that  because the shade avoidance response takes resources away from the roots, it will  decrease overall nutrient uptake so that photosynthesis will not be able to respond as  positively to increased CO2 levels. This was tested using four genetic lines of Arabidopsis  thaliana: a mutant with an enhanced shade avoidance response (PB genetic line), a  mutant with a reduced shade avoidance response (PA genetic line) and their  corresponding wild types. The plants were grown in chambers at both ambient (380 ppm)  and elevated (760 ppm) CO2 under conditions that mimicked shade (low R:FR) and full  sun (high R:FR). It was found that all lines experienced a greater growth response to  elevated CO2 at a high R:FR than at a low R:FR. However, no differences were found  among the genetic lines in their response to elevated CO2. This suggests that differences  in allocation were not responsible for the greater growth response to elevated CO2 at a  high R:FR. Rather, there may be a direct effect of light quality on the response of  photosynthesis to elevated CO2.

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: Life's meaning in a godless world

contributor:
Knock, Aaron David (author)
(Maitzen, Stephen) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Whether life is meaningful is one of the most important issues in philosophy. This  is because if life really is meaningless, one of our most basic and fundamental beliefs—  that life is worthwhile—is in direct opposition to the reality of our human condition. The  famous Christian apologist, William Lane Craig, argues that for our lives to have any  meaning, they must have ultimate meaning, and only God can provide this. Craig’s  argument threatens our ordinary conception of meaning that our lives can be meaningful  despite whether God exists. In this essay, I attempt to argue that Craig’s support for his  apologetic is deeply mistaken. I provide an in-depth analysis of Craig’s key concept,  ultimacy, to reveal the three criteria on which his apologetic depends. I then use the work  of Thomas Nagel, Erik Wielenberg, Robert Nozick, and others to show that ultimate  meaning does not and cannot require God. Finally I turn primarily to Stephen Toulmin’s  work to show that life’s meaning is not threatened even without ultimate meaning. I  therefore conclude that Craig’s apologetic fails to establish the necessity of God for  ultimate meaning, that ultimate meaning is not necessary for our lives to have any  meaning, and that therefore Craig’s apologetic in no way threatens our ordinary  conception of life’s meaning.

abstract: Philosophy


title: Modeling power output for tidal turbines

contributor:
Swan, Amanda C. (author)
(Karsten, Richard) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: In recent years, growing environmental concerns have created a demand for greener  energy sources. With so much energy present in the earth's tides, tidal power o ers the  potential for a lot of renewable energy production. The Bay of Fundy has the highest  tidal ranges in the world, and thus is a prime location for tidal power production. The  highest water speeds are seen through the narrow Minas Passage, through which all of  the water   owing into and out of the Minas Basin must pass. It is in this location that  turbine placement will be considered in this thesis.  While the goal is to place turbines within the Minas Passage, there are many possible  locations and con gurations, each giving a di erent power output. A model is developed  mathematically to predict how much power each of these con gurations would produce.  This can be done using numerical simulations, but these are time-consuming and so we  develop a mathematical model which can perform accurately, yet run quickly. Finally,  optimization of power output is discussed using this model.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: The gendered sociology of knitting

contributor: Anderson, Margaret Elizabeth Whitewood (author)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: One in three American women knows how to knit. Knitting has been around for hundreds of years, and has been a valuable part of many women‟s lives throughout history. For such a prevalent part of women‟s social history there has been very little research conducted on the subject. This thesis seeks to explain why knitting has experienced dips and resurgences in both female and male participation rates over the past fifty years. Using a detailed literature analysis and several theoretical perspectives, insight is provided into the reasons men and women choose to knit or to not knit.

abstract: Sociology


title: What's that smell: The effects of pheromone blends on odour-mediated behaviour and the neuroanatomy of the European Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

contributor:
Deveau, Adam P. (author)
(Hillier, Kirk) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: The European Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L. dispar), is one of the world’s  most devastating forestry pests, feeding on more than 500 different species of plants.  Since 1924 L. dispar have defoliated more than 34×106 hectares of forest in the United  States alone and is now the only forest pest under Federal Domestic Quarantine. L. dispar  have invaded regions of Canada and are currently established within 50% of Nova Scotia,  including the Annapolis Valley. This area is now part of a Canadian Food Inspection  Agency quarantine zone, which places Acadia University a unique venue to study L.  dispar without restrictions. Female L. dispar are flightless and therefore rely heavily on  chemical signals to attract males for mating. This makes L. dispar mating especially  susceptible to location disruption of females using pheromones as a control agent.  However, (+) disparlure ((+) D), L. dispar’s pheromone, has an enantiomer (-) disparlure  ((-) D) that is the primary component of the nun moth’s (Lymantria monacha)  pheromone. L. monacha is a sympatric species over much of the L. dispar distribution  range. L. dispar males are deterred by too high a concentration of (-) D in female L.  monacha pheromone, thus preventing interbreeding mistakes in the wild. In L. dispar  there are two olfactory neurons in every pheromone-sensitive sensillum; one neuron  responds to (+) D and the other to (-) D. The objective of this study was to measure the  responses of olfactory receptor neurons to ratiometric blends of (+) D and (-) D via single  sensillum recording to determine any inhibitory activity between these neurons through  extracellular electric fields called ephaptic communication. Another objective was to  examine if such an inhibitory effect of (-) D was modulated in a higher part of the insect  xvi  brain, by imaging the antennal lobes, in both male and female L. dispar. Single sensillum  recording suggested that there was some degree of inhibition of (+) D neurons at higher  concentrations of (-) D. There were also synergistic responses from the (+) D neurons  with blends that included a lower concentration of (-) D suggesting that the neurons may  be more generalists and respond to both (+) D and (-) D. In contrast, there was little  response from (-) D neurons when stimulated with (+) D and a greater response when  stimulated with (-) D, suggesting that this neuron acted as a modulator and inhibited  responses from (+) D neurons.

abstract: Biology


title: Exploring control region variability in Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) mitochondrial DNA for use in characterizing populations

contributor:
Hebert, Elise Catherine (author)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
(Stewart, Donald) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: In the past 30 years Striped Bass populations have declined along the eastern coast of North America, and Canadian populations are considered threatened (COSEWIC, 2004). Historically, there were at least five separate spawning populations. Currently only two populations remain in Atlantic Canada located in the Shubenacadie (NS) and Miramichi (NB) Rivers. For this study the U.S.A. is considered a single population. Distinguishing among populations is important so that changes in population size can be monitored through catch data and to help management practices that are generally population specific. To differentiate populations of Striped Bass, the use of meristics, morphometrics and, more recently, DNA analysis have been used. This study was undertaken to determine if Atlantic Canada Striped Bass populations could be differentiated using the mitochondrial control region, and to characterize control region variability. During May and June of 2008 and 2010, fin clip tissue samples were taken from Striped Bass spawning on the Shubenacadie River by local anglers. Using 5AS and R2RC primers, a portion of the mitochondrial control region was sequenced. These sequences are representative of the Shubenacadie River population. During July and August, Striped Bass fin clips were taken from the Gaspereau River, the Guzzle, and Five Islands in Nova Scotia. These fish probably represent a mixed population (Canada and U.S.A.). Samples were analyzed using neighbour joining and maximum parsimony phylogenetic trees. Variability within the mitochondrial control region was very low. Therefore, populations within the Bay of Fundy could not be differentiated using this genomic region. More research is needed to conclude that mitochondrial control region sequences are not useful in differentiating populations.

abstract: Biology


title: Antiapoptotic effects of relaxin in organotypic brain slice cultures

contributor:
Mackin, Matthew (author)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Relaxin is a peptide hormone, which belongs to the insulin superfamily. However,  relaxin does not share any functional similarities with insulin. The first studied function of  relaxin was its active role during pregnancy, which caused relaxation of the pelvic ligaments.  In more recent research, relaxin has been shown to play a protective role during ischemic  stress within the heart, pancreas, spleen and brain. Injecting relaxin into the brain prior to the  induction of cerebral ischemia resulted in a smaller infarct size. Relaxin may have caused  this due to a cellular mechanism regulating apoptosis. This study aimed to quantify the  difference of apoptosis occurring with and without the relaxin treatment in brain slices under  ischemic conditions. Organotypic cultures of neonatal rat brains were given one of three  different treatments, normoxic, hypoxic, or hypoxic with relaxin. Following incubation, the  tissue was flash frozen prior to protein isolation. A sandwich ELISA was used to quantify the  amount of apoptosis occurring for each treatment by measuring the concentration of histone  present in each sample. The data from this protocol did not show any significant difference  between the hypoxic and hypoxic with relaxin treatments, however there was a pattern that  showed a decrease in the amount of apoptosis occurring in the relaxin treatment group.

abstract: Biology


title: Geochemistry of pediment over the Toki Cluster porphyry copper deposits, Atacama Desert, Chile

contributor:
Chiste, Leah M. (author)
(Stanley, Cliff) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Most porphyry copper deposits (PCD’s) in Chile have been found because they  are/were exposed at the surface. The absence of vegetation in Chile has allowed the use  of satellite imagery to successfully locate gossans associated with such deposits, and thus  most exposed deposits have already been found. The remaining PCD’s are mostly  covered by pediments and ignimbrites, making them difficult to discover. Over the past  15 years, exploration techniques have been developed to more easily locate these buried  deposits; one of these techniques involves the use of partial digestion geochemistry.  These partial digestions extract only the metals that are loosely bound to the surfaces of  soil particles (metals most likely transported from below by circulating groundwaters),  and thus produce anomalies with geochemical contrasts that are higher than those  obtained using total digestions.  In this research, the results of total digestion geochemical methods applied to  fine-grained vertical trench profile samples collected from pediment over and adjacent to  the Quetena PCD near Calama, Chile are presented. An aqua regia digestion (with ICP-MS  finish) was used because it is virtually total for the chalcophile pathfinder elements  associated with porphyry copper deposits (e.g., Cu, Pb, Zn). Results illustrate a distinct  contamination zone at the surface for many elements, probably due to wind-blown dust  from the nearby Chuquicamata PCD, mine, concentrator and smelter. This contamination  generally swamps out any anomalies that might exist at the surface related to the  underlying Quetena PCD. If contaminated samples (those from less than 50 cm depth) are  removed from consideration, subtle geochemical anomalies in samples below 50 depth  become evident.  The use of lithgeochemical whole rock fusion and aqua regia digestions illustrate  that gypsum is the primary mineral to have formed by evaporative saturation, along with  minor amounts of calcite and natron. These minerals were formed by precipitation after  their saturation in groundwater after they were brought to the surface by capillary action.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Particle swarm optimization applied to tidal turbine placement in the Minas Passage

contributor:
Corkum, Amber (author)
(Karsten, Richard) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Nova Scotia presently plans to produce 25% of its electricity needs from renewable en-  ergy sources by the year 2015. One method of renewable energy production available  and unharnessed in Nova Scotia is tidal power in the Bay of Fundy, and more specif-  ically in the Minas Passage. More water   ows through the Minas Passage each day  than all of the world's freshwater rivers combined. The shape of the Minas Passage  in particular makes it a prime location for in-stream tidal turbines. There is ongoing  research in this area, however before tidal turbines are mass installed in the Minas  Passage, it would be bene cial to know where to place them in order to maximize  the available electrical power output. This thesis introduces an optimization method  which could potentially be used to achieve this goal. Particle Swarm Optimization,  or PSO has many di erent forms illustrated by the input parameters. The goals of  this thesis are to introduce to the reader the basic concept of PSO, to determine  which of three forms of PSO would be most e ective to use to maximize electrical  power output, and to determine if PSO is a competitive method for this purpose.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: The Alberta tar sands: A crisis of contemporary capitalism in Canada

contributor:
Amirault, Jenna R. (author)
(Brittain, James) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Using ecosocialist theory this research examines the environmental, social and political repercussions of tar sands production in Northern Alberta, Canada. It argues that the Alberta tar sands exemplify contemporary capitalist exploitation of the environment and working people through the use of neo-liberal economics, policies and tactics that further the interests of a capitalist class. By drawing on data from scientific studies, media publications, books and journals, the research maintains that tar sands „development‟ has destroyed local environments and communities and threatened the sovereignty of First Nations, Canadian, and global populations through the use of environmentally unsound practices and neglect for human life in the name of profit maximization.

abstract: Sociology


title: Lower limb neuromuscular differences exist when comparing audio and visual cues to induce an unanticipated sidecut maneuver in elite soccer players

contributor:
Thakrar, Shain (author)
(Landry, Scott) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Non-contact ACL injuries occur approximately 40 milliseconds after initial  contact with the ground during landing or cutting movements and injury risk is 2-8 times  greater in females. The purpose of the study was to use EMG to compare neuromuscular  control patterns of 6 lower extremity muscles in elite soccer players during the pre- and  post-contact phases of an unanticipated sidecut maneuver performed on artificial turf.  Muscles were analyzed i) for differences between gender, and ii) for differences between  an audio and visual cue for the unanticipated maneuvers. A gender difference was  identified in the pre-contact phase for the bicep femoris as females demonstrated lower  neuromuscular activity. In response to an audio cue, lower levels of muscle activity were  generated in the pre-contact phase of the sidecut for the lateral gastrocnemius,  semitendinosus/ semimembranosus (MH) and vastus lateralis. A timing difference in the  post-contact phase for the MH was also identified between the two cues. These results  suggest that in comparison to a visual cue, a player’s response to an audio cue may leave  them more susceptible to ACL injury as important knee joint stabilizer muscles were not  activated to comparable levels. Understanding neuromuscular control patterns is  important to design preventative training regimes, particularly in females, as this injury  often leads to accelerated osteoarthritis at the knee and requires invasive surgery for the  athlete to return to sport.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: The Canadian state as a contemporary imperialist power

contributor:
Sangster, Joel (author)
(Brittain, James) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: The Canadian state partakes in global contemporary imperialism both independently and in conjunction with international imperialist organizations. I apply the theories of Leonard Woolf, Joseph Schumpeter, Vladimir Lenin, and Michael Ignatieff in an analysis of the involvement of the Canadian state in Afghanistan, Haiti, and Colombia. I conclude that the Canadian state promotes economic conquest under the illusion of humanitarian necessity

abstract: Sociology


title: Electrochemical investigation of adsorption of surfactants at metal surfaces

contributor:
Curi, Kristo (author)
(Zamlynny, Vlad) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential capacitance (DC) were applied to  study the adsorption of thin organic film of Au (111) single crystal electrode in both  a neutral and basic environment. Prior to the adsorption mechanism being studied,  the purity of the electrolyte and the surface configuration of the Au (111) electrode  were verified and compared to literature of CV and DC.  The research conducted explored the potentials where BTA is adsorbed and  this was obtained to be at ‐0.6 V in a neutral electrolyte and a basic electrolyte.  Reorientation peaks for a neutral environment were obtained at 0.1 V, while in a  basic environment it was discovered to be ‐0.1 V. Both environments also showed  compact film forming at certain potentials, 0.6 V in a neutral environment and 0.2 V  for a basic environment. The BTA concentrations were also increased and those  resulted in a negative shift of all the features observed in CV and DC data.  The increasing of pH from 7 to 13, showed that at higher pH the lower  capacitance that indicates a formation of BTA on the metal surface was at about 15  μF cm‐2. In a neutral environment the capacitance that indicated a formation of a  BTA film on the surface was at 10μF cm‐2. This indicates that a higher capacitance  has less of a compact film formed, providing less protection for the metal surface.  The final aspect of this research shifted its focus to a more industrially  relevant metal such as copper. The purity verification of the Cu (111) single crystal  electrode was conducted.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Food, moods, and lifestyles of school-aged children: A correlational study

contributor:
Francis, Jane D. (author)
(Mihalynuk, Tanis) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: The rates of childhood obesity are on the rise as children are consuming more unhealthy foods and are less likely to be obtaining adequate physical activity levels. Interventions have been put in place in the school setting, but the integration of mood recognition in education on healthy lifestyles is lacking. This study was a part of a multimodal pediatric prevention study. It is hypothesized that gender distinctions between dietary intakes, emotions and other lifestyle practices may exist. Upon receipt of ethical and parental approval and consent, children in grades three to six from Wolfville Elementary School were invited to participate in the study (n=43). Survey data were analyzed by two-tailed logistic regression to identify potential gender differences among usual food, mood and lifestyle choices. Gender differences were found in regards to stress (p=0.037), energy levels (p=0.015) and daily physical activity levels (p=0.035). Gender-specific trends for food choices, mood states and activity choices were further identified from baseline self-reported data: males consumed “junk food” more frequently than females; felt more bored and less energetic; and participated in more screen time activity compared to female participants. Although limited by sample size and probable geographic variation, study findings elevate the need to further examine gender-specific interventions for children with the inclusion of emotional awareness and education, particularly as they relate to lifestyle choices and practices such as screen time, nutrition and physical activity.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: Hollywood Blockade: A case study of the film Blockade and the politics of the United States during the late Thirties

contributor:
Perusse, David (author)
(Dennis, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: This thesis examines the struggles in Hollywood during the 1930s, illustrating how  they were reflective of the larger social and political struggles taking place throughout the  United States. As a means of illuminating this important connection, the thesis undertakes  a concentrated case study of the film Blockade (1938). In this respect, Blockade’s  production, as well its tumultuous public reception, clearly reflected the oppositional  forces at play within the country, particularly in terms of shaping the country’s mass  culture. Similarly, the case study also reflects how the content of Hollywood films from  this period were often a reflection of these competing forces converging on the film  colony.  This thesis also includes a historiographic examination of “Red Hollywood.”  Through consulting an abundance of primary sources, including newspapers, magazines,  interviews, radio broadcasts, and government publications, this thesis adds to the already  rich body of literature on “Red Hollywood,” which is fundamentally concerned with the  question of what forces were shaping the content of Hollywood films during this period,  a question that is the primary focus of this work.

abstract: History & Classics


title: The status of small fish communities in the Annapolis River: The search for eggs, larvae, and juveniles of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis)

contributor:
Labenski, Thomas F. (author)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) is a native anadromous fish of the eastern seaboard of North America. The most recent Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (2004) assessment lists Striped Bass as a threatened species. Historically, recruitment of Striped Bass native to the Bay of Fundy (BoF) came from the Saint John, the Annapolis and the Shubenacadie Rivers. Currently the Saint John and Annapolis River populations are considered extirpated, leaving the Shubenacadie as the only remaining BoF river that contributes to recruitment. Remnant, mature Striped Bass of the Annapolis River population may still exist and they may still return to spawn. The main objective of this study was to determine if any Striped Bass still return to the Annapolis River to spawn as determined through egg, larvae and juvenile surveys. Egg surveys were performed by plankton net sampling. Tows were performed in previously documented spawning areas, but only American Shad and/or Alewife eggs were found. Beach seine surveys were performed at 12 sites along the Annapolis River to search for juveniles. The twelve sites spanned from Bridgetown to the Annapolis Basin (entire tidal range). Many other species of small fish were caught during beach seining, but no Striped Bass. The status of the small fish assemblages in the river was documented to determine spatial and temporal trends. White Perch (Morone americana; same genus as Striped Bass) were found at most sites. It appears that no Striped Bass returned to the Annapolis River this past year to spawn and future monitoring for Striped Bass recruitment is recommended on a 5-10 year period.

abstract: Biology


title: Damselflies in distress: Effects of methylmercury-cysteine on foraging behaviour and escape response; aquatic invertebrates predators (Order Odonata)

contributor:
Larkin, Amy E. (author)
(Hillier, Kirk) (Thesis advisor)
(O'Driscoll, Nelson) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Transfer of mercury from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems occurs primarily via  consumption of invertebrates by birds and fish. As intermediate predators, dragonfly and  damselfly nymphs (Order Odonata) are important invertebrates in littoral zones and  wetlands. Changes in foraging behaviour, responses to a predatory stimulus, and  neuroanatomy of damselfly naiads as a result of mercury bioaccumulation were tested.  Damselfly naiads were acquired from Big Dam East and Big Dam West Lakes of  Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia. Injections of methylmercury cysteine were  administered into the abdominal thoracic articulations of naiads. Foraging and predatory  response tests were completed at 24 hours and one-week intervals. Trials were  performed on naiads that had been injected with one of five dilutions of methylmercury  (100 ng of MeHg, 500 ng of MeHg, 1000 ng of MeHg, 2500 ng of MeHg, 5000 ng of  MeHg) or a saline cysteine solution. Results suggest that MeHg has no biologically  significant effect on foraging behaviour. Reduction of MeHg in damselfly bodies at 24-hr  and one-week was not significant. However, a decrease in concentrations of MeHg was  observed. MeHg injections lead to a significant increase in velocity. MeHg injections did  not have a significant effect on angular movement in this experiment. The role of  invertebrates in the food chain, and how they respond to environmental contaminations  are the major gaps in research that this thesis will address.

abstract: Biology


title: Does what I hear become what I see and what I do?: The association between body-related commentary, body image, and physical activity

contributor:
Gourley, Jessica Vera (author)
(Shields, Chris) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Considerable evidence has shown that negative appearance related feedback (e.g., teasing and criticizing about one‟s weight and shape) is associated with body dissatisfaction (Herbozo & Thompson, 2006). Counter-intuitively, recent evidence has also linked appearance compliments with greater body dissatisfaction in women with a tendency to self-objectify (Calogero et al., 2009). The findings suggest that commentary about one‟s appearance, whether negative or positive, increases body surveillance which leads to increased body dissatisfaction. While there is a body of research examining the impact of appearance related commentary (both negative and positive) on body-image, the area of commentary relating to the functionality of one‟s body (e.g., physical skills, strength, fitness, capabilities) has received little attention. Further, despite the observed relationships between body-related commentary and body-image, as well as those between body-image and physical activity participation (Hausenblas & Fallon, 2006), there is little work examining the interrelationships between the body-related commentary and physical activity. The body of research examining the impact of appearance related commentary (both comments and criticisms) on body-image (Calogero et al., 2009) and the area of commentary relating to the functionality of one‟s body (e.g., physical skills, strength, fitness, capabilities), have received little attention. Further, despite the observed relationships between body-image and physical activity participation, there is little work examining the interrelationships between body-related commentary and physical activity. Therefore, the current study aims to examine the effect that comments related to appearance and those related to physical function have on body surveillance, body-image dissatisfaction and physical activity.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Enabling migrancy: A comparative study of Indian migrants

contributor:
Stone, Shawna Lacey Julie (author)
(Eustace, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: In this thesis, I compare literary negotiations of Indian cultural identity within a system of global discourses that often overdetermines identity. Two key concepts I will use as cornerstones are hybridity and migrancy: the former, the state of being that results from the merging of separate, distinct, and often conflicting ideological, cultural, linguistic, or religious categories, and the latter, the further hybridized state of having moved from one geographical and ideological space, marked by particular culture, customs, traditions, and expectations, to an unfamiliar one. I argue that conflicting ideologies exerted on the migrant can be overwhelming and ultimately disabling; however, the liminal, in-between position of the migrant, poised between ideologies, can also be a positive and powerfully liberating position. Drawing on the scholarship of postcolonial theorist Homi K. Bhabha, I analyse how the authors of three fictional Indian texts depict migrancy as enabling. These three texts are The God of Small Things by Indian writer Arundhati Roy, Tales from Firozsha Baag by Indo-Canadian author Rohinton Mistry, and The Namesake by Indo-American writer Jhumpa Lahiri. In Chapter One, I discuss how Bhabha's scholarship supports my reading of rigid ideological structure as an impediment to enabled migrancy. Subsequent chapters provide detailed accounts of each author‟s representations of the migrant subject, the ideologies that act on them, and the hybridity that, if utilized, can allow migrants to counter ideology, create new identities, and live out an enabled existence. Ultimately, I show that migrancy, as a form of hybridity, is an enabling force that undermines the limitations of ideology and allows for the creation of new, enabled identities, in this case among Indian migrants but by extension, for all those living out a globalized, overdetermined identity.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Because I said so, okay?: Permissible paternalism in liberal democratic theory

contributor:
Regan, Caitlin (author)
(Pyrcz, Greg) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: While the general trend of liberal democracies over the past two and a half thousand years has been to increase the liberties of citizens, there is cause for concern that these increases may not be absolute or defensible. When modern governments have no plan for how they might accommodate, or limit, individual freedoms, abuses of same are sure to follow. The problem of paternalism, or of substituting one‟s judgment for that of another, is therefore of increasing importance in modern liberal democratic societies.  Foundational political theorists, such as John Stuart Mill, have traditionally defined a broad scope for individual liberty vis a vis the state. However, it can be shown that this wide, libertarian sphere is not always congruent with contemporary societies and their circumstances. Many conceptions of paternalism are either too broad and allow more freedom than modern states can tolerate, or are too narrow and more closely resemble the policies adopted by totalitarian or monarchic regimes. And others still are incoherent when followed to their logical conclusions. Far from rendering the concept of paternalism obsolete, these problems highlight the necessity for a modern, coherent, applicable definition for the acceptable constraint of individual liberty.  The definitions proposed by several theorists are examined, and those parts that might be considered congruent with contemporary liberal states are unified and augmented to create a new definition for what is, in the end, a very new concept; rational patruism is the modern incarnation of an old, yet necessary, political theory.

abstract: Politics


title: An examination of the Canadian housing market

contributor:
Broz, Nicholas (author)
(Kayahan, Burc) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: Is  there  a  housing  bubble  in  Canada?  Analysis  will  first  be  conducted  by  estimating  the  user  cost  of  home  ownership  compared  to  the  yearly  rent  of  a  comparable  home.  A  second  analysis  will  be  conducted  to  analyze  the  behaviour  of  various  regional  markets.  I  conclude  that  testing  for  an  overheating  of  the  Canadian  housing  market  must  be  done  at  a  regional  level  and  testing  for  a  national  housing  bubble  is  unlikely  to  be  accurate.  A  policy  implication  is  that  the  policy  structure  available  to  cool  certain  overheated  markets  will  have  adverse  effects  on  other  stable  markets.

abstract: Economics


title: Broncs and boys: Taming the horse in the western novel and its problematic consequences

contributor:
MacKenzie, Quinn (author)
(La Rocque, Lance) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2011

abstract: In my thesis I investigate the complex symbolism of the horse in three western novels and the paradoxical discourse of masculinity it creates. My primary texts are John Steinbeck‟s The Red Pony (1933), Mary O‟Hara‟s My Friend Flicka (1940), and Cormac McCarthy‟s All the Pretty Horses (1992), all set in the mythic cowboy landscapes of the 1930s and 40s. Each novel tells a coming-of-age narrative of a young male protagonist where the figure of the horse functions as a crucial element in the rite of passage to manhood. My thesis explores the highly symbolic processes of selecting, taming, and ultimately dominating a wild horse; as well, it explores the protagonists‟ fantasies of containing and possessing the „wild‟ attributes of their chosen animal. The imposition of modernization threatens wilderness in each text and so it also threatens the boys‟ masculinity because their opportunity to master nature diminishes. I argue that built into the cowboy ritual is a problematic structure of masculinity based on an attitude of domination towards nature. Perpetuating the attitude of domination is an ironic situation wherein mastery („taming‟ the horse) leads to domestication, undermining the desired possession of the „wild.‟ I apply psychoanalytic theory to reveal how the horse functions as a phallus, and thus becomes a representation of each boy‟s profound desire for wilderness. These desires manifest themselves in a structural opposition that undermines each boy‟s transition into manhood. A culture/nature binary produces the struggles experienced by the protagonists as they attempt to reconcile these conceptual contradictions. Ultimately, culture and nature cannot unite and thus the paradoxical mastery of the horse. The myth of the cowboy is still extremely popular in American culture today, perpetuating a construction of masculinity that equates manhood with domination of nature.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Left hemisphere activation and interhemispheric transfer in central versus peripheral processing

contributor:
McConnell, Amber L. (author)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Previous research has found that psychopaths possess deficits in information processing; however, the cause of these deficits is not well understood. Researchers have proposed three hypotheses to explain these deficits: the Response Modulation hypothesis, the Left Hemisphere Activation hypothesis and the Interhemispheric Transfer hypothesis. Sixteen Acadia University students, screened for psychopathic personality traits using the Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Scales and selected based on their high or low scores, participated in a cognitive task that assessed various aspects of information processing. Visual stimuli were presented tachistoscopically to the right and left visual fields, and subsequent recall of information that was the centre of the participants’ attentional focus versus non- attended information was analyzed. Participants were also given the Psychopathic Personality Inventory- Revised to further assess their psychopathic personality traits, as well as the trait portion of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Overall, trends in the results provided some support for the Response Modulation hypothesis.

abstract: Psychology


title: The effects of Red Bull ® on the performance of varsity hockey players

contributor:
O'Neill, Stephanie K. (author)
(Murphy, René) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Objectives: Due to the large numbers of energy drinks and their growing popularity in the sports  world, the objective of this project was to determine if the energy drink Red Bull ® had any effect  on the performance of varsity hockey players. Specifically, this project evaluated the delayed  effects of the energy drink, approximately two hours post- consumption. Research Design and  Methods: A total of twenty varsity hockey players from the Acadia University hockey team  participated in this placebo controlled cross- over design study. The study took place over two  days separated by forty eight hours consisting of the Reed Repeat Skate test, the ranked  scrimmage of the participants by professional coaches, the Bosco jump test, and the post- testing  questionnaire. Results: In this study, no significance was found for the tests that were conducted.  A trend was discovered as the coaches ranked players who were regular users of Red Bull ®  higher ( i. e. performing better) while they were on Red Bull ® compared to those who were not  regular users. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that consuming Red Bull ®  would neither hinder nor improve the performance of the twenty participants.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Random and blocked practice of three accuracy tasks

contributor: (Kruisselbrink, Darren) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This study was designed to examine the contextual interference effect on simple sport- like  tasks that were performed in a controlled laboratory setting. Participants were randomly  assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups differing in practice schedules, and number of  acquisition trials. Separate 4 X 2 ANOVAs were run to examine the data for each  individual task. No statistically significant results were found except for an increase in  performance with practice in all groups. A separate ANOVA was run for each  questionnaire question, and no statistically significant results were found. These results  may indicate that random practice does not benefit skill retention and transfer in an  engaging task. The implications of this study suggest that coaches and physical educators  may benefit from switching to a blocked practice schedule to eliminate unnecessary task  switching and to maximize practice and play time

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Exploring psychopathy: Interhemispheric transfer and processing of spatial, verbal and facial emotional information

contributor:
Pichette, Nicole (Nikki) (author)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Individuals with high and low scores on a measure of psychopathy were compared on their ratings and recognition of affective word and face stimuli presented to the right and left visual fields. Potential participants were initially screened using Levenson’s Primary and Secondary Psychopathy scales. Ten individuals with high scores and 11 individuals with low scores then completed the trait portion of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI) and the Psychopathic Personality Inventory- Revised ( PPI- R), as well as the affective face and word rating and recall tasks. As hypothesized, some evidence for the Interhemispheric Transfer hypothesis was found, as well as support for normal cerebral laterality. Findings failed to support the Left- Hemisphere Activation hypothesis. Limitations and possibilities for future studies are discussed.

abstract: Psychology