title: The role of cyclic nucleotides in modulation of crayfish neuromuscular junctions by a neuropeptide /

subject:
Cyclic nucleotides.
Neuropeptides.
Neural transmission.

abstract:
DF2, a heptapeptide, is a member of the family of FMRFamide-like peptides and
has been shown to increase the amount of transmitter released at neuromuscular junctions
of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkit Recent evidence has shown that protein kinase C
(PKC), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the cAMPdependent
protein kinase (PKA) play a role in the neuromodulatory pathway of DF2. The
involvement of these kinases led to the prediction that a G-protein-coupled receptor
(GPCR) is activated by DF2 due to the role that each kinase plays in traditional GPCR
pathways seen in other organisms and in other cells. G-proteins can also act on an
enzyme that generates cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which mediates its
effects through a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). This thesis addresses the
question of whether or not DF2's effects on synaptic transmission in crayfish are
mediated by the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP.
The effects of DF2 on synaptic transmission were examined using deep abdominal
extensor muscles of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. An identified motor neuron was
stimulated, and excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) were recorded in abdominal
extensor muscle LI . A number of activators and inhibitors were used to determine
whether or not cAMP, PKA, cGMP and PKG mediate the effect of this peptide.
Chemicals that are known to activate PKA (Sp-cAMPS) and/or PKG (8-pCPTcGMP)
mimic and potentiate DF2's effect by increasing EPSP amplitude. Inhibitors of
either PKA (Rp-cAMPS) or PKG (Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS) block a portion of the increase in
EPSP amplitude induced by the peptide. When both kinase inhibitors are applied
simultaneously, the entire effect of DF2 on EPSPs is blocked. The PKG inhibitor blocks the effects of a PKG activator but does not alter the effect of a PKA activator on EPSP
amplitude. Thus, the PKG inhibitor appears to be relatively specific for PKG. A trend in
the data suggests that the PKA inhibitor blocks a portion of the response elicited by the
PKG activator. Thus, the PKA inhibitor may be less specific for PKA.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, which are known to inhibit the breakdown of cAMP
(IBMX) and/or cGMP (mdBAMQ), potentiate the effect of the peptide. These results
support the hypothesis that cAMP and cGMP, acting through their respective protein
kinase enzymes, mediate the ability of DFi to increase transmitter output.


title: A safe place /

contributor: Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education

subject:
Educational counseling.
Teacher-student relationships.

abstract:
This study is an effort to give voice to an experience. The experience in
question is the decision of a student to trust a practitioner. The study also
describes the features which led the student to believe that the practitioner
would provide a "safe place" for interaction around matters of a delicate or
personal nature. This study is the gift oftwo coauthors, each with a unique
story which offers description of critical incidents, and what made these events
meaningful. At the heart of the study is the potential for education and its
professionals to provide safe places for students.
Analysis of the data determines that a safe place involves two parties, one
seeking a safe place and another who provides the safe place-in this study, the
student and the practitioner. The student, with urgency, seeks a safe place to
disclose personal information. In this urgency the student is confronted with
features of control, comfort, respect, felt sense, and nonjudgemental listening.
These features are the constitutive elements of a Safe Place. Capacity to
recognize and construct safe places is a competency which the existing school
lifeworld demands of today's practitioners. Understanding what are deemed to
be safe places and how practitioners might work to create them are the extended
outcomes of this study.


title: School funding and education policy-making models in Ontario /

subject:
Education and state
Government aid to education
Education

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to examine various policy
implementation models, and to determine what use they are to
a government. In order to insure that governmental proposals
are created and exercised in an effective manner, there roust
be some guidelines in place which will assist in resolving
difficult situations.
All governments face the challenge of responding to
public demand, by delivering the type of policy responses that
will attempt to answer those demands. The problem for those
people in positions of policy-making responsibility is to
balance the competitive forces that would influence policy.
This thesis examines provincial government policy in two
unique cases.
The first is the revolutionary recommendations brought
forth in the Hall -Dennis Report. The second is the question
of extending full -funding to the end of high school in the
separate school system. These two cases illustrate how
divergent and problematic the policy-making duties of any
government may be.
In order to respond to these political challenges
decision-makers must have a clear understanding of what they
are attempting to do. They must also have an assortment of
policy-making models that will insure a policy response effectively deals with the issue under examination. A
government must make every effort to insure that all policymaking
methods are considered, and that the data gathered is
inserted into the most appropriate model.
Currently, there is considerable debate over the benefits
of the progressive individualistic education approach as
proposed by the Hall -Dennis Committee. This debate is usually
intensified during periods of economic uncertainty.
Periodically, the province will also experience brief yet
equally intense debate on the question of separate school
funding. At one level, this debate centres around the
efficiency of maintaining two parallel education systems, but
the debate frequently has undertones of the religious
animosity common in Ontario's history.
As a result of the two policy cases under study we may
ask ourselves these questions:
a) did the policies in question improve the general quality
of life in the province? and
b) did the policies unite the province?
In the cases of educational instruction and finance the
debate is ongoing and unsettling. Currently, there is a
widespread belief that provincial students at the elementary
and secondary levels of education are not being educated
adequately to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century.
The perceived culprit is individual education which sees
students progressing through the system at their own pace and not meeting adequate education standards.
The question of the finance of Catholic education
occasionally rears its head in a painful fashion within the
province. Some public school supporters tend to take
extension as a personal religious defeat, rather than an
opportunity to demonstrate that educational diversity can be
accommodated within Canada's most populated province.
This thesis is an attempt to analyze how successful
provincial policy-implementation models were in answering
public demand. A majority of the public did not demand
additional separate school funding, yet it was put into place.
The same majority did insist on an examination of educational
methods, and the government did put changes in place.
It will also demonstrate how policy if wisely created may
spread additional benefits to the public at large. Catholic
students currently enjoy a much improved financial
contribution from the province, yet these additional funds
were taken from somewhere. The public system had it funds
reduced with what would appear to be minimal impact. This
impact indicates that government policy is still sensitive to
the strongly held convictions of those people in opposition
to a given policy.


title: Sedimentology and taphonomy of storm-generated shell beds from the Verulam formation (Ordovician), Lakefield and Gamebridge quarries, Southern Ontario, Canada /

subject:
Sediments (Geology)
Geology
Geology, Stratigraphic
Lithofacies
Taphonomy

abstract:
The Verulam Formation (Middle Ordovician) at the Lakefield Quarry
and Gamebridge Quarry, southern Ontario, is comprised of five main
lithofacies. These include shoal deposits consisting of Lithofacies 1,
winnowed crinoidal grainstones and, shelf deposits consisting of:
Lithofacies 2, wackestones, packstones, grainstones, and rudstones;
Lithofacies 3, laminated calcisiltites; Lithofacies 4, nodular wackestones
and mudstones; and, Lithofacies 5, laminated mudstones and shales. The
distribution of the lithofacies was influenced by variations in storm
frequency and intensity during a relative sea level fall.
Predominant convex-up attitudes of concavo-convex shells within
shell beds suggest syndepositional reworking during storm events. The
bimodal orientations of shell axes on the upper surfaces of the shell beds
indicates deposition under wave-generated currents. The sedimentary
features and shell orientations indicate that the shell beds were deposited
during storm events and not by the gradual accumulation of shelly material.
Cluster and principal component analysis of relative abundance data
of the taxa in the shell beds, interbedded nodular wackestones and
mudstones, and laminated mudstones and shales, indicates one biofacies
comprised of three main assemblages: a strophomenid (Sowerbyelladominated)
assemblage, a transitional mixed strophomenid-atrypid
assemblage and an atrypid (Zygospira-dominatQd) assemblage. The
occurrence of the strophomenid, the strophomenid-atrypid and atrypid
assemblages were controlled by storm-driven allogenic taphonomic
feedback.


title: Self-directed learning, stress and the adult learner /

subject:
Study skills
Stress (Psychology)
Adult education
Nursing students

abstract:
The purpose of this correlational study was to investigate
the relationship between the degree of self-directed
learning readiness and stress for level one nursing students
and level two nursing students. One hundred female nursing
students participated in the study who were attending an
Ontario Community College. Data were collected from the
main nursing campus and the satellite nursing campus using
the random sample method. Instruments used were said to be
valid and reliable for testing self-directed learning
readiness and stress respectively. Data were analyzed using
frequency response to each item, means and standard
deviation, and the Pearson product correlation between selfdirected
learning readiness and stress. The results of the
study show that there is a difference in the relationship
between the degree of self-directed learning readiness and
stress between the level one nursing students and the level
two nursing students. Such results will be of particular
interest to nursing instructors and administrators when
planning for delivery of programs to such students.


title: Some kinds of love /

subject:
Taylor, Charles, 1931-
Hermeneutics.
Ontology.


title: Speed of perceptual processing, spatial ability and executive functions underlying fluid intelligence in childhood and adolescence /

subject:
Problem solving.
Cognition
Cognition
Cognition in adolescence.
Cognition in children.
Neuropsychology.


title: Structural and functional investigation of the human a-tocopherol transfer protein (a-TTP) /

subject:
Vitamin E.
Carrier proteins.


title: Study of colossal magnetoresistance and pressure effects in La2/3Ca1/3MnO2 thin films /

subject:
Lanthanum compounds.
Manganese.
Magnetoresistance.
Thin films

abstract:
The main purpose of this thesis is to study properties of La2/3Cai/3Mn03, both polycrystalline
ceramics and thin films. This material has striking related electrical and
magnetic properties. Thin films show colossal negative magnetoresistance (CMR) near
transition from an insulating to a metallic state accompanied closely by transition from
a paramagnetic to a ferromagnetic state. The double exchange mechanism (DE) and the
Jahn-Teller deformations play an important role in CMR effect. Applied pressure has a
very similar effect as does an applied magnetic field, except, at low temperatures (T<Tc)
the field suppresses the resistivity more than pressure.
In our study we performed x-ray diffraction analysis, resistivity and magnetization
measurements, as well as measurements of resistivity under applied pressure. The origin
of strong resistivity change at low temperatures can be explcdned by the intergranular
spin-dependent scattering of DE electrons. Oxygen stoichiometry plays an important
role in the magnitude and position of MR(T) maximum. The distortions of structure
and Mn-O-Mn bonds in applied pressure axe discussed.
The fabrication of La2/3Cai/3Mn03 thin films by pulsed laser deposition was successfully
developed. The films grown on (100) SrTiOs substrate are c-axis oriented and
exhibit negative magnetoresistance Ap/p(H) of over 400% at 245°C and 4200% at 90 K.


title: Synthesis of 4-hydroxycinnamic amides of di-, tri-, and tetraamines : potential insect toxins /

subject: Polyamines Amides Insecticides.

abstract:
The monoconjugates of phenolic acids (i.e. coumaric acid) with polyamines
such as spermidine and spermine are strikingly similar to some toxins from
spiders and predatory wasps. Many plants contain phenolic acid polyamine
conjugates and there is some reliable information supporting their roles as
plant defense chemicals. Eleven monoacylated compounds of diamines,
triamines, tetraamines and oxa-polyamine amines were prepared in three to
seven steps: 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32. The synthesis
proceeds through stepwise construction of the polyamine backbone (as in 62
and 72), followed by protection and deprotection steps of the amino
functions. Desymmetrization of readily available and prepared symmetrical
polyamines is a key step in the synthesis. The protecting groups employed
were tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) group which
were removed under different conditions: acid and base respectively.
Deprotection and refunctionalization of the polyamine reagent demonstrated
the versatility of these systems for N-acylation.


title: Synthesis of photoaffinity analogues of alpha-tocopherol /

subject:
Photoaffinity labeling.
Vitamin E
Chromatographic analysis.


title: Systematic studies of the effect of pressure on magnetic and electronic properties of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 thin films with various thicknesses /

subject:
Perovskite.
Lanthanum compounds.
Manganese.
Magnetoresistance.
Thin films

abstract:
Interest in mixed-valent perovskite manganese oxides of La\-xAxMnO^ (v4-divalent alkaline
earth Ca, Sr or Ba), whose unusual properties were discovered nearly a half century
ago, has recently been revived. The discovery of the colossal magnetoresistance and pressure
effects introduced new questions concerning the complex interplay between lattice
structure, magnetism and transport in doped perovskite manganites. In this study, we
report our experimental investigations of pressure and magnetic field dependencies of
La-i/sCai/sMnOs (LCMO) epitaxial films with various thickness on SrTiO$ substrate.
An analysis of film thickness dependency of the resistivity of LCMO epitaxial films under
pressure and magnetic field has been performed by taking into account substrate
contributions. This verifies the correlation of lattice distortion with magnetic and transport
properties. Strong dependencies of Mn — O — Mn bond bending and Mn — O bond
stretching with pressure as well as Mn spin alignment with magnetic field, and the lattice
distortion induced by the substrate are discussed.


title: Teacher survival : staying alive in the job of teaching /

subject: Teachers Teachers Teachers

abstract:
This study presents information gathered during personal interviews with dynamic and
capable teachers in the areas of preparedness for teaching, teaching concerns, survival
skills and strategies, and how these teachers support themselves and others in the teaching
profession. The data are related to Purkey and Novak's work on invitational education
and connections are made to Combs' perceptual orientation. Potential participants were
gathered through personal recommendations from their colleagues. All teachers
recommended were approached and asked for voluntary participation. Of those who
agreed to participate, 6 were selected based on gender and years of experience. There
was a male and female participant at each of the following career levels: early, mid, and
late. The 4 major survival skills that became apparent were the ability to believe in
oneself and others, to act decisively upon that belief through personal and professional
goal-setting as well as accessing resources, to actively seek opportunities for interaction
with other professionals, and to celebrate personal and professional successes.


title: Teaching Principled negotiation skills to parents and their children : the impact of parental involvement /

subject:
Negotiation
Conflict management
Education, Elementary

abstract:
This study explored the impact of training parents and children concurrently in
principled negotiation skills for the purpose of developing negotiation skills and problem
solving abilities in children. A second experimental group was utilized to determine the
viability of negotiation skills training of junior elementary students for the purpose of
improving problem solving and conflict resolving abilities. The student population in
each experimental group was trained using The Program for Young Negotiators (Curhan,
1996). A control group was also established using the remaining grade four and five
students attending the participating school. These students did not receive training as part
of this study.
Student group distribution was as follows: Experimental group 1 (students with
parent participant) consisted of 10 (5 grade five and 5 grade 4 students), Experimental
group 2 students without parent participant) consisted of 48 (20 grade 4 and 28 grade 5
students), and the Control group 3 (55 grade 4 and 5 students).
The impact of training was measured using the Five Factor Negotiation Scale
developed for use with the Program for Young Negotiators (Curhan, 1996). This measure
was employed as a pre- and post-test questionnaire to the total student population, (113
students) to determine levels of ability in each of the key elements of negotiation,
personal initiative, collaboration, communication, conflict based perspective taking, and
conflict resolution approach (Nakkula & Nikitopoulos, unpublished). This measure has a
coefficient alpha of .75 which is acceptable for this type of affective instrument. As well,
open ended ability questions designed to measure ability, knowledge, and behaviour as
they relate to negotiation skill application were given to the total student population,
(113 students). Finally, journals were maintained by the students in both experimental
groups, and informal feedback discussions were held with students and parents
participating in the study.The intent of using both qualitative and quantitative measures was to provide an
overall perspective of student abilities as they related to principled negotiation skills.
While the quantitative measures were from the student perspective, more qualitative
information was sought from parents and teachers through informal interviews,
discussions, and use of confidential feedback cards. For analysis purposes, the ability
questions were randomly selected for Experimental group 2 and Control group 3 in an
effort to balance the groups more equitably with Experimental group 1.
The findings of this study indicate that students of the junior elementary school
age can be taught how to perceive conflict in a more constructive way. However, they are
not as likely to use their skills when the conflict is with a sibling as they are with a peer,
a teacher, or a parent. While no statistically significant differences between mean scores
for Experimental groups 1 and 2 exist some subtle differences are noted. Overall,
increases in mean scores for grade 4 students exceeded the increases for grade 5 students
within Experimental group 1 . The implication being that younger students benefit more
from having a parent trained in principled negoUation skills than older students.
The skill level of a parent in principled negotiation can not be underesUmated.
Without a consistent and effective role model the likelihood of developing student skill
level to a point of automaticity is greatly reduced. Enough so that perhaps the emphasis
should be placed on training parents more so than the students.


title: Temporality and the dis-positional abyss in Heidegger

subject:
Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976
Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976


title: Timing of di-ammonium phosphate addition to fermenting chardonnay must : effect on nitrogen utilization, ethyl-carbamate formation, and CAR1 expression by yeast /

subject:
Urethane.
Wine and wine making

abstract:
The maximum amount of ethyl carbamate (EC), a known animal carcinogen produced by
the reaction of urea and ethanol, allowed in alcoholic beverages is regulated by
legislation in many countries. Wine yeast produce urea by the metabolism of arginine,
the predominant assimilable amino acid in must. This action is due to arginase (encoded
by CARl). Regulation of CARl, and other genes in this pathway, is often attributed to a
well-documented phenomenon known as nitrogen catabolite repression. The effect of
the timing of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) additions on the nitrogen utilization,
regulation of CARl, and EC production was investigated. A correlation was found
between the timing of DAP addition and the utilization of nitrogen. When DAP was
added earlier in the fermentations, less amino nitrogen and more ammonia nitrogen was
sequestered from the media by the cells. It was also seen that early DAP addition led to
more total nitrogen being used, with a maximal difference of ~25% between
fermentations where no DAP was added versus addition at the start of the fermentation.
The effect of the timing ofDAP addition on the expression of CARJ during fermentation
was analyzed via northern transfer and the relative levels of CARl expression were
determined. The trends in expression can be correlated to the nitrogen data and be used
to partially explain differences in EC formation between the treatments. EC was
quantified at the end of fermentation by GC/MS. In Montrachet yeast, a significant
positive correlation was found between the timing of DAP addition, from early to late,
and the final EC concentration m the wine (r = 0.9226). In one of the fermentations, EC
levels of 30.5 ppb was foimd when DAP was added at the onset of fermentation. A twofold
increase (69.5 ppb) was observed when DAP was added after 75% of the sugars were metabolized. When no DAP was added, the ethyl carbamate levels are comparable
at a value of 38 ppb. In contrast, the timing of DAP additions do not affect the level EC
produced by the yeast ECU 18 in this manner. The study of additional yeast strains
shows that the effect of DAP addition to fermentations is strain dependent. Our results
reveal the potential importance of the timing of DAP addition to grape must with respect
to EC production, and the regulatory effect of DAP additions on the expression of genes
in the pathway for arginine metabolism in certain wine yeast strains.


title: Towards the enantioselective synthesis of lycoricidine alkaloids /

subject:
Enantimers.
Organic compounds
Alkaloids

abstract:
Two efficient, regio- and stereo controlled synthetic approaches to the
synthesis of racemic analogs of pancratistatin have been accomplished and they serve
as the model systems for the total synthesis of optically active 7-deoxy-pancratistatin.
In the Diels-Alder approach, an efficient [4+2] cycloaddition of 3,4-methylenedioxyco-
nitrostyrene with Danishefsky's diene to selectively form an exo-nitro adduct has
been developed as the key step in the construction of the C-ring of the target
molecule. In the Michael addition approach, the key step was a conjugate addition of
an organic zinc-cuprate to the 3,4-methylenedioxy-(B-nitrostyrene, followed by a
diastereocontroUed closure to form the cyclohexane C-ring of the target molecule via
an intramolecular nitro-aldol cyclization on a neutral alumina surface. A chair-like
transition state for such a cyclization has been established and such a chelation
controlled transition state can be useful in the prediction of diastereoselectivity in
other related 6-exo-trig nitroaldol reactions. Cyclization of the above products fi^om
both approaches by using a Bischler-Napieralski type reaction afforded two
lycoricidine derivatives 38 and 50 in good yields.
The initial results from the above modeling studies as well as the analysis of
the synthetic strategy were directed to a chiral pool approach to the total synthesis of
optically active 7-deoxy-pancratistatin. Selective monsilylation and iodination of Ltartaric
acid provided a chiral precursor for the proposed key Michael transformation.
The outlook for the total synthesis of 7-deoxy-pancratistatin by this approach is very
promising.A concise synthesis of novel designed, optically pure, Cz-symmetrical
disulfonylamide chiral ligands starting from L-tartaric acid has also been achieved.
This sequence employs the metallation of indole followed by Sfj2 replacement of a
dimesylate as the key step. The activity for this Cz-symmetric chiral disulfonamide
ligand in the catalytic enantioselective reaction has been confirmed by nucleophilic
addition to benzaldehyde in the disulfonamide-Ti (0-i-Pr)4-diethylzinc system with a
48% yield and a 33% e.e. value. Such a ligand tethered with a suitable metal complex
should be also applicable towards the total synthesis of 7-deoxy-pancratistatin.


title: Trends in fish prey capture by common terns following zebra mussel invasion : do terns track fish species abundance? /

subject:
Common tern
Common tern
Zebra mussel

abstract:
The Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) is a ground nesting colonial seabird. Terns
rely primarily on small prey fishes which they obtain through plunge diving for their
survival as well as the survival of their offspring during the breeding season. The zebra
mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a small bivalve mollusk that invaded North American
waters in the late 1980's. Through its suspension feeding, the zebra mussel has the ability
to alter the entire aquatic ecosystem, ultimately leading to a reduction in pelagic organisms
including small prey fish. The objective of the study was to determine what (if any)
indirect effects the invasion of the zebra mussel has had on fish prey captured by terns.
The study took place in two separate two-year periods, 1990-91 and 1995-96 on a
concrete breakwall off the north shore of Lake Erie near Port Colborne, Ontario. Daily nest
checks revealed clutch initiation dates, egg-laying chronology, hatching success and
morphological egg characteristics (length and breadth). Behavioural observations included
time each sex spent in attendance with its brood, the frequency of feeding chicks and the
prey species composition and size fed to chicks as well as to females (courtship feeding).
Egg sizes did not differ between study periods, nor did feeding rates to chicks,
suggesting that food was not a limiting resource. Terns spent less time with their broods
(more time foraging) in the 1995-96 period. However, they also had significantly larger
broods and fledged more offspring. The time of each individual foraging trip decreased,
suggesting that fish were easier to obtain in 1995 and 1996. Lastly, kleptoparasitism rates
decreased, suggesting that the costs of foraging (time, energy) actually decreased as fewer
birds adopted this strategy to compensate for what I assumed to be a lack of available food
(fish). The only significant difference between the periods of 1990, 1991 and 1995, 1996
was a change in diet. Terns delivered significantly fewer rainbow smelt and more emerald
shiner in 1995 and 1996. However, the average size of fish delivered did not change.
Thus, there was little impact on prey captured by Common Terns in Lake Erie since the
invasion of the zebra mussel.


title: Underemployment and depressive affect : the moderating influence of coping styles /

subject:
Underemployment
Adjustment disorders.
Adjustment (Psychology)

abstract:
This study tested a model which predicted the relationship between
underemployment and depressive affect as moderated by coping styles. A randomly
selected community sample of 574 young adults completed a self-report employment
status measure, the Underemployment Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Study
Depression Scale, and the Coping^Stralegy Indicator. The interaction model was
supported for men only. Results indicated that significant interactions between Perceived
Job Requirements Underemployment by avoidance copings and Subjective
Underemployment by avoidance coping predicted depressive affect for men. Further, the
same results were found even after controlling for prior depressive affect. UsingJhe^ selfreport
employment status measure revealed significant group differences between
unemployed and underemployed men. Underemployed men who utilized more support
seeking coping strategies reported higher depressive affect than unemployed men. The
interaction model was not supported for women even though women have consistently
reported higher depressive affect rates. These results have implications for
underemployment and depressive affect research and practical implications for assisting
men who feel subjectively underemployed and need to find an appropriate strategy to cope
with the situation.


title: The use of explicit algorithms and episodic context to teach subtraction to students with learning problems in mathematics /

subject:
Subtraction
Mathematics
Learning disabilities.

abstract:
This research attempted to address the question of the role of explicit algorithms and
episodic contexts in the acquisition of computational procedures for regrouping in
subtraction. Three groups of students having difficulty learning to subtract with
regrouping were taught procedures for doing so through either an explicit algorithm, an
episodic content or an examples approach. It was hypothesized that the use of an
explicit algorithm represented in a flow chart format would facilitate the acquisition and
retention of specific procedural steps relative to the other two conditions. On the other
hand, the use of paragraph stories to create episodic content was expected to facilitate
the retrieval of algorithms, particularly in a mixed presentation format. The subjects
were tested on similar, near, and far transfer questions over a four-day period. Near
and far transfer algorithms were also introduced on Day Two. The results suggested
that both explicit and episodic context facilitate performance on questions requiring
subtraction with regrouping. However, the differential effects of these two approaches
on near and far transfer questions were not as easy to identify. Explicit algorithms may
facilitate the acquisition of specific procedural steps while at the same time inhibiting
the application of such steps to transfer questions. Similarly, the value of episodic
context in cuing the retrieval of an algorithm may be limited by the ability of a subject
to identify and classify a new question as an exemplar of a particular episodically deflned problem type or category. The implications of these findings in relation to the
procedures employed in the teaching of Mathematics to students with learning problems
are discussed in detail.


title: The use of relaxation therapy as an adjunct to traditional psoriasis therapy /

subject: Relaxation Skin Psoriasis.

abstract:
This research investigated the impact of stress management and relaxation
techniques on psoriasis. It had a dual purpose to see if stress management and relaxation
techniques, as an adjunct to traditional medical treatment, would improve the skin
condition of psoriasis. In addition it attempted to provide psoriasis patients with a sense
of control over their illness by educating them about the connection between mind and
body through learning stress management and relaxation techniques.
The former purpose was addressed quantitatively, while the latter was addressed
qualitatively. Using an experimental design, the quantitative study tested the efficacy of
stress management and relaxation techniques on 38 dermatological patients from St.
John's, Newfoundland. The study which lasted ten weeks, suggested a weak relationship
between psoriasis and stress. These relationships were not statistically significant.
The qualitative data were gathered through unstructured interviews and
descriptive/interpretative analysis was used to evaluate them. Patients in the
experimental group believed in the mind body connection as it related to their illness and
stress. The findings also showed that the patients believed that the stress reduction and
relaxation techniques improved their quality of life, their level of psoriasis, and their
ability to live with the condition.
Based on the contradictory nature of the findings, further research is needed. It is
posited that replication of this study would be vastly improved by increasing the sample
size to increase the possibility of significant findings. As wel~ increasing the length of
time for the experiment would control for the possibility of a lag effect. Finally, the study looked at linear relationships between stress and psoriasis. Further study should ascertain
whether the relationship might be nonlinear


title: Using classroom meetings to transfer conflict resolution skills /

subject:
Conflict management.
Mediation.
Classroom management.

abstract:
This study examined whether daily classroom meetings resulted in the positive transfer
of conflict resolution information and skills beyond the formal classroom setting and into
the classroom. A control group of sixteen Grade five students received three weeks of
conflict resolution training and an experimental group of nineteen Grade five students
fi-om the same school received three weeks of conflict resolution training followed by
three additional weeks of class meetings. Pretest measures were taken via a scaled
questionnaire and short answer questions before the conflict resolution lessons began for
the following skills: knowledge of conflict resolution; conflict resolution behaviour; and
attitude about using conflict resolution to resolve problems with other people. Posttest
measures examined conflict resolution skills following involvement in the study. Students
chosen randomly and both teachers were interviewed following the study. The teachers
were again interviewed three months after the study. Teacher journal notes rounded out
the data.
The results of the study indicated that the Grade five boys who participated in three
weeks of conflict resolution training did not increase their conflict resolution skills in any
of the areas examined. Girls who participated in three weeks of conflict resolution
training did not improve in two areas (i.e., behaviour, knowledge) and became less
positive about using verbal mediation to resolve conflicts.
The Grade five students who participated in three weeks of training and three weeks of
class meetings obtained different results. The boys improved significantly in their ability to
use verbal mediation to resolve conflicts and were more positive about verbal mediation.
They did not become more knowledgeable about verbal mediation. The girls who
participated in three weeks of training and three weeks of class meetings were more
knowledgeable of conflict resolution and used conflict resolution to solve problems with
other people. However, they were significantly less positive about using these skills to
resolve problems.


title: What nourishes the spirit of adolescents in the classroom? : a qualitative study into the gateways of adolescents' souls /

subject:
Education, Humanistic.
Teenagers
Self-perception in adolescence.
Spiritual life.
Action research.

abstract:
This thesis investigated the question, "What nourishes the
adolescent spirit in the classroom?" Action research was conducted
by the teacher of 16 grade 8 participants. By undergoing Kessler's
(2000) "Passages Program," the students participated in 6 sessions
which exposed them to a holistic intrapersonal curriculum. Student
journal responses were documented after each session. The action
researcher also kept journal reflections after each session. Upon
completion of the 6 sessions, a postinterview was conducted which
posed the research question.
The research found that the adolescent spirit gets nourished
through encouragement by the teacher, peers, and parents. This
increases their competency, which increases their confidence, and
ultimately their self-esteem goes up, which affects their selfconcept.
In addition, the role of the teacher permeates every aspect
of what nourishes the adolescent spirit in the classroom. In
addition to the encouragement of the student, how a teacher teaches
plays a vital role. A holistic approach to teaching provided the best
atmosphere for the adolescent. It promoted creativity and choice,
which stimulated the spirit of the adolescent. By working from a
holistic philosophy, the teacher/action researcher created an
environment conducive to teaching the whole person, which
ultimately nourished the participants' spirit. The research highlighted that in order for this type of environment to exist the
teacher needs to make a conscious and deliberate effort to look
within and develop their inner self before they can begin to promote
this type of classroom for the adolescents they teach. When
teachers and students develop an inner life together, they can begin
to work in harmony to achieve an atmosphere where the teaching and
learning environment becomes one seamless transaction. Only then
can one's whole potential be realized.


title: Young children's behavioral responses to the distress of others /

subject:
Interpersonal relations in children.
Temperament in children.
Parenting.

abstract:
The relationship between child temperament and parenting factors in the
development of prosocial behavior during the toddler years was investigated by
examining children's helping behaviors and responses to the distress of others as
observed and as reported by mothers and teachers. These behaviors were linked to the
sociability, emotionality, and attention shifting of toddlers. Children who are relatively
high in characteristics such as language skills and sociability appear more likely to exhibit
competent prosocial behaviors than children who are relatively low in these skills.
Prosocial competence was also linked to maternal comfort, maternal control over
children's emotions, and family expressiveness, although the latter two variables related
to children's behaviors differently, depending on whether children were low or high in
emotional intensity.


title: Moral identity, youth engagement, and discussions with parents and peers /

subject: Youth Teenagers

abstract:
The strength of adolescents' moral identity was examined in relation to their sense
of social responsibility, frequency of community engagement, and interactions with
parents and friends. Participants were 191 applicants to national youth conferences,
ranging in age from 14-19, who completed a 40-minute survey. 76% of the participants
were female. Social responsibility, community engagement, and discussion with parents
and friends were measured using self-report questionnaires. Participants also reported on
the importance of various values to themselves, their parents, and their friends, which
were used to create an index of the degree of disagreement between the youth and their
parents and friends. In addition, participants provided self-descriptions, which were used
to measure moral identity with both a coding scheme and a ratings measure.
Moral identity as measured by coding was not related to social responsibility,
community engagement, or any other study variables, and thus did not appear to be a
valid measure of moral identity. However, moral identity as measured by ratings was
related to both social responsibility and community engagement, and thus appeared to be
a valid measure. Neither disagreement nor discussion with friends was related to moral
identity. However, disagreement with parents was positively related to moral identity
ratings, and for girls only was negatively related to social responsibility. Furthermore,
discussion with parents was positively related to moral identity for boys only. The
hypothesis predicting a mediational model was not supported. Results were discussed in
terms of theoretical positions on the role of parents and friends in children's moral
development and suggestions for ftiture research were made.


title: Stress, social support, and health risk behaviours as mediators of the forgiveness-health relation /

subject:
Forgiveness
Forgiveness
Stress (Psychology)
Social networks.
Health behavior.

abstract:
The mediating roles of stress, social support, and health risk behaviours in the
relationships between dispositional forgiveness and mental and physical health were
examined. Participants were 748 undergraduate students (554 women, 194 men) entering
their first year of studies at Brock University. Participants, ranging in age from 17 to 25
years, completed the Brock University First Year Health Study and were provided
monetary compensation. Dispositional forgiveness, stress, social support, health risk
behaviours, mental health, and physical health were measured using self-report methods.
The data were analyzed separately for women and men because there were significant
mean differences on many of the study'S variables. Analyses revealed that the mediated
relationships between dispositional forgiveness and health were generally stronger for
women than men. Stress was the most robust mediator of the forgiveness-health relation
for both women and men. The only health risk behaviour that mediated the forgivenesshealth
relation was physical fitness and this result was found for women only. Social
support mediated several of the relationships between forgiveness and health but not
others. Results were discussed with reference to the literature on forgiveness and health.
Several directions for future research were offered, such as conducting longitudinal
research designs to assess the direction of causality better, investigating moderator
variables of the forgiveness-health relation, and building models, which incorporate
multiple mediators using structural equation modelling techniques.


title: Emergence of normative beliefs legitimizing antisocial behaviour in adolescents : the roles of monitoring, attachment, and temperament /

subject:
Normativity (Ethics)
Behavior disorders in adolescence.
Parent and teenager.
Attachment behavior in adolescence.
Temperament in adolescence.

abstract:
Beliefs about the rightness or wrongness of engaging in various antisocial acts,
referred to here as nonnative beliefs legitimizing antisocial behaviour (nblab), have been
shown to playa role in the emergence oflater antisocial behaviour. The current study
represented an attempt to understand whether parental monitoring and parent-child
attachment have differential relationships with these antisocial nonnative beliefs in
adolescents of different temperaments. The participants, 7135 adolescents in 25 high
schools (ages 10- 18 years, M = 15.7) completed a wide-ranging questionnaire as part of
the broad Youth Lifestyle Choices - Community University Research Alliance project,
whose goal is to identify and describe the major developmental pathways of risk
behaviours and resilience in youth. Two aspects of monitoring (monitoring knowledge
and surveillance/tracking), attachment security, and two measures of temperament
(activity level and approach) were examined for main effects and in interactions as
predictors of adolescent nonnative beliefs. All of these measures were based on
adolescent self-ratings on either 3- or 4-point Likert-type scales.
Several important results emerged from the study. Males were higher than
females in nblab; parental monitoring knowledge and adolescent attachment security
were negatively related to nblab; and temperamental activity level was positively related.
Monitoring knowledge, the strongest of the predictors, was much more strongly related to
nonnative beliefs than was parental surveillance/tracking, supporting the contention that
it is how much parents actually know, and not their surveillance efforts, that predict
adolescent nonnative beliefs. A surprising finding that is of the utmost importance was that, although several of the interactions tested were significant, none were considered to
be of a meaningful magnitude (defined as sr^ > .01).
The current study supported the suggestion that normative beliefs legitimizing
antisocial behaviour are multiply determined, and the results were discussed with respect
to the observed differential relations of parental monitoring, parent-child attachment,
temperament, age, and gender to antisocial normative beliefs in adolescents. Also
discussed were the need to test other parenting, temperament, and other variables that
may be involved in the development of nblab; the need to directly test possible
mechanisms explaining the links among the variables; and the usefulness of longitudinal
research in determining possible directions of causality and developmental changes in the
relationships.


title: Implicit self-theories of shyness : predictors and correlates in preadolescence /

subject:
Bashfulness in children.
Personality in children.

abstract:
Implicit theories of shyness refer to a beUef that shyness is a fixed trait versus the
belief that shyness is changeable and controllable. In this study, I explored the association
between overall shyness and children's implicit self-theories of shyness, as well as
between implicit self-theories of shyness and children's other shyness-related beliefs
(perceptions of others' theories of shyness, shyness as a perceived problem, and ideas
about treatment for shyness). Forty-six 10-12- year- old children (M = 10.74, SD = .88)
were interviewed individually, filled out a set of questionnaires, and completed a
computer-presented task. ' "^
As was expected, in ambiguous social situations, children perceived others'
theories of shyness in a way that confirmed their own theories. The hypothesized
curvilinear relation between shy and implicit self-theories of shyness was not found;
instead, a linear positive relationship between these two variables emerged. Although
implicit self-theories of shyness were not effective in predicting either the children's
views of shyness as a perceived problem or children's ideas about treatment for shyness,
some interesting results were found. Specifically, children's motivation to change their
shyness correlated with their views of shyness as a problem for children in general and
their perceptions of others' theories of shyness. Specific agents and strategies were
regarded by children as having different effectiveness in their potential to change shyness.
The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed. Suggestions
for future research were provided.


title: A phenomenological account of Merleau-Ponty's notion of style : from embodiment to flesh

subject:
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 1908-1961.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 1908-1961
Existential phenomenology.
Perception.

abstract:
Abstract
This thesis is an investigation of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's notion of style via the
individual, artwork, and the world. It aims to show that subject-object, self-other, and
perceiver-perceived are not contrary, but are reverses of one another each requiring the other
for meaningful experience. In experience, these cognitive contraries are engaged in
relationships of communication and communion that render styles of interaction by which we
have/are a world. A phenomenological investigation of Merleau-Ponty's notion of style via
existential meaningfulness, corporeal and worldly understanding, stylistic nuances (with
respect to the individual, the artwork, and the world), and the existential temporal dynamic
provide the foundation for understanding our primordial connection with the world. This
phenomenological unpacking follows Merleau-Ponty's thought from Phenomenology of
Perception to "Cezanne's Doubt" and "Eye and Mind" through The Visible and the Invisible.


title: Desire and the paths of recognation [sic] in Hegel's intersubjectivity

subject: Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770-1831

subject: Intersubjectivity.

abstract:
This thesis poses two fundamental issues regarding Hegel's philosophy of
intersubjectivity. Firstly, it examines Kojeve's problematic interpretation of
Hegelian intersubjectivity as being solely rooted in the dialectic of lordship
and bondage. It is my contention that Kojeve conflates the concepts of
recognition {Anerkennung) with that of desire (Begierde), thereby reducing
Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity to a violent reduction of the other to
the same. This is so despite the plenary of examples Hegel uses to define
intersubjectivity as the mutual (reciprocal) recognition between the self and
the other. Secondly, it examines Hegel's use of Sophocles' Antigone to
demonstrate the notion of the individual par excellence. I contend that
Hegel's use of Antigone opens a new methodological framework through
which to view his philosophy of intersubjectivity. It is Antigone that
demonstrates the upheaval of an economy of exchange between the self and
the other, whereby the alterity of the other transcends the self Ultimately,
Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity must be reexamined, not only to
dismiss Kojeve's problematic interpretation, but also to pose the possibility
that Hegel's philosophy of intersubjectivity can viably account for a
philosophy of the other that has a voice in contemporary philosophical
debate.


title: On affirmation and becoming : a Deleuzian reading of Nietzsche's critique of nihilism

subject:
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 1844-1900
Deleuze, Gilles, 1925-1995.
Nihilism (Philosophy)

abstract:
The main thrust of this thesis is the re-exploration of Friedrich Nietzsche's
"critique of nihilism" through the lenses of Gilles Deleuze. A Deleuzian reading
of Nietzsche is motivated by a post-deconstrnctive style of interpretation,
inasmuch as Deleuze goes beyond, or in between, henneneutics and deconstrnction.
Deleuze's post-deconstrnctive reading of Nietzsche is, however, only secondary to
the main aim of this thesis. The primary thrust of this study is the critique of a
way of thinking characterized by Nietzsche as nihilistic. Therefore, it should be
noted that this study is not about Deleuze's reading per se; rather, it is an
appraisal of Nietzsche's "critique of nihilism" using Deleuze's experimental
reading. We will accrue Nietzsche's critique and Deleuze's post-deconstrnctive
reading in order to appraise Nietzsche's critique itself. Insofar as we have
underscored Deleuze's purported experimentation of Nietzschean themes, this
study is also an experiment in itself. Through this experimentation, we will find
out whether it is possible to partly gloss Nietzsche's critique of nihilism through
Deleuzian phraseology. Far from presenting a mere exposition of Nietzsche's
text, we are, rather, re-reading, that is, re-evaluating Nietzsche's critique of
nihilism through Deleuze's experimentation. This is our way of thinking with
Nietzsche. Nihilism is the central problem upon which Nietzsche's philosophical
musings are directed; he deems nihilism as a cultural experience and, as such, a
phenomenon to be reckoned with. In our reconstruction of Nietzsche's critique

of nihilism, we locate two related elements which constitute the structure of the
prescription of a cure, Le., the ethics of affirmation and the ontology of becoming.
Appraising Nietzsche's ethics and ontology amounts to clarifying what
Deleuze thinks as the movement from the "dogmatic image of thought" to the
"new image of thought." Through this new image of thought, Deleuze makes
sense of a Nietzschean counterculture which is a perspective that resists
traditional or representational metaphysics. Deleuze takes the reversal of
Platonism or the transmutation of values to be the point of departure. We have
to, according to Deleuze, abandon our old image of the world in order to free
ourselves from the obscurantism of foundationalist or essentialist thinking. It is
only through the transmutation of values that we can make sense of Nietzsche's
ethics of affirmation and ontology of becoming. We have to think of Nietzsche's
ethics as an "ethics" and not a moral philosophy, and we have to think of his
ontology as 1/ ontology" and not as metaphysics. Through Deleuze, we are able
to avoid reading Nietzsche as a moral philosopher and metaphysician. Rather,
we are able to read Nietzsche as one espousing an ethical imperative through the
thought of the eternal return and one advocating a theory of existence based on
an immanent, as opposed to transcendent, image of the world.


title: The new woman, femininity and modernity in Margery Allingham's detective novels of the 1930s /

subject:
Allingham, Margery, 1904-1966
Detective and mystery stories, English
Women in literature.
Femininity in literature.
Sex role in literature.
Social role in literature.

abstract:
This thesis examines Death of a Ghost (1934), Flowers for the Judge (1935), Dancers in
Mourning (1937), and The Fashion in Shrouds (1938), a group of detective novels by Margery Allingham
that are differentiated from her other work by their generic hybridity.
The thesis argues that the hybrid nature of this group of Campion novels enabled a highly
skilled and insightful writer such as Allingham to negotiate the contradictory notions about the place of
women that characterized the 1930s, and that in dOing so, she revealed the potential of one of the most
popular and accessible genres, the detective novel of manners, to engage its readers in a serious
cultural dialogue. The thesis also suggests that there is a connection between Allingham's exploration of
modernity and femininity within these four novels and her personal circumstances.
This argument is predicated upon the assumption that during the interwar period in England
several social and cultural attitudes converged to challenge long-held beliefs about gender roles and
class structure; that the real impact of this convergence was felt during the 1930s by the generation that
had come of age in the previous decade-Margery Allingham's generation; and that that generation's
ambivalence and confusion were reflected in the popular fiction of the decade. These attitudes were
those of twentieth-century modernity--contradiction, discontinuity, fragmentation, contingency-and in
the context of this study they are incorporated in a literary hybrid. Allingham uses this combination of
the classical detective story and the novel of manners to examine the notion of femininity by juxtaposing
the narrative of a longstanding patriarchal and hierarchical culture, embodied in the image of the Angel
in the House, with that of the relatively recent rights and freedoms represented by the New Woman of
the late nineteenth-century.
Pierre Bourdieu's theory of social difference forms the theoretical foundation of the thesis's
argument that through these conflicting narratives, as well as through the lives of her female characters,
Allingham questioned the Hsocial myth" of the time, a prevailing view that, since the First World War,
attitudes toward the appropriate role and sphere of women had changed.


title: Marginal/minority popular music : the concept of the "third space" and the case for "hybridities" of cultures/identities /

subject:
Minorities.
Popular music.
Mass media and minorities.
Cultural fusion.
Ethnicity.
Cultural relations.

abstract:
The topic of this thesis is marginaVminority popular music and the question of
identity; the term "marginaVminority" specifically refers to members of racial and
cultural minorities who are socially and politically marginalized. The thesis argument is
that popular music produced by members of cultural and racial minorities establishes
cultural identity and resists racist discourse. Three marginaVminority popular music
artists and their songs have been chosen for analysis in support of the argument: Gil
Scott-Heron's "Gun," Tracy Chapman's "Fast Car" and Robbie Robertson's "Sacrifice."
The thesis will draw from two fields of study; popular music and
postcolonialism. Within the area of popular music, Theodor Adorno's "Standardization"
theory is the focus. Within the area of postcolonialism, this thesis concentrates on two
specific topics; 1) Stuart Hall's and Homi Bhabha's overlapping perspectives that
identity is a process of cultural signification, and 2) Homi Bhabha's concept of the
"Third Space." For Bhabha (1995a), the Third Space defines cultures in the moment of
their use, at the moment of their exchange. The idea of identities arising out of cultural
struggle suggests that identity is a process as opposed to a fixed center, an enclosed
totality. Cultures arise from historical memory and memory has no center. Historical
memory is de-centered and thus cultures are also de-centered, they are not enclosed
totalities. This is what Bhabha means by "hybridity" of culture - that cultures are not
unitary totalities, they are ways of knowing and speaking about a reality that is in
constant flux. In this regard, the language of "Otherness" depends on suppressing or
marginalizing the productive capacity of culture in the act of enunciation. The Third
Space represents a strategy of enunciation that disrupts, interrupts and dislocates the
dominant discursive construction of US and THEM, (a construction explained by Hall's
concept of binary oppositions, detailed in Chapter 2). Bhabha uses the term
"enunciation" as a linguistic metaphor for how cultural differences are articulated
through discourse and thus how differences are discursively produced. Like Hall,
Bhabha views culture as a process of understanding and of signification because Bhabha
sees traditional cultures' struggle against colonizing cultures as transforming them.
Adorno's theory of Standardization will be understood as a theoretical position
of Western authority. The thesis will argue that Adorno's theory rests on the assumption
that there is an "essence" to music, an essence that Adorno rationalizes as
structure/form. The thesis will demonstrate that constructing music as possessing an
essence is connected to ideology and power and in this regard, Adorno's Standardization
theory is a discourse of White Western power. It will be argued that "essentialism" is at
the root of Western "rationalization" of music, and that the definition of what constitutes
music is an extension of Western racist "discourses" of the Other.
The methodological framework of the thesis entails a) applying semiotics to each
of the three songs examined and b) also applying Bhabha's model of the Third Space to
each of the songs. In this thesis, semiotics specifically refers to Stuart Hall's retheorized
semiotics, which recognizes the dual function of semiotics in the analysis of marginal
racial/cultural identities, i.e., simultaneously represent embedded racial/cultural
stereotypes, and the marginal raciaVcultural first person voice that disavows and thus
reinscribes stereotyped identities. (Here, and throughout this thesis, "first person voice"
is used not to denote the voice of the songwriter, but rather the collective voice of a
marginal racial/cultural group). This dual function fits with Hall's and Bhabha's idea
that cultural identity emerges out of cultural antagonism, cultural struggle. Bhabha's
Third Space is also applied to each of the songs to show that cultural "struggle" between
colonizers and colonized produces cultural hybridities, musically expressed as fusions of
styles/sounds.
The purpose of combining semiotics and postcolonialism in the three songs to be
analyzed is to show that marginal popular music, produced by members of cultural and
racial minorities, establishes cultural identity and resists racist discourse by overwriting
identities of racial/cultural stereotypes with identities shaped by the first person voice
enunciated in the Third Space, to produce identities of cultural hybridities. Semiotic
codes of embedded "Black" and "Indian" stereotypes in each song's musical and lyrical
text will be read and shown to be overwritten by the semiotic codes of the first person
voice, which are decoded with the aid of postcolonial concepts such as "ambivalence,"
"hybridity" and "enunciation."


title: The nature experiences of wilderness recreation leaders : throwing a stone

subject:
Recreation leaders
Recreation leadership
Recreation leadership
Outdoor recreation
Wilderness area users

abstract:
Through this descriptive exploratory study, the ways that wilderness recreation
leaders experience nature are illuminated, deconstructing the assumed environmental
benefits of and practices used in outdoor recreation (Haluza-Delay, 2001). This study also
offers a foundation for advancing an environmental ethic among wilderness recreation
leaders, participants, and organizations. With the continued degradation of and threats to
natural environments, and the rising popularity of outdoor recreation participation, the
outdoor recreation professional can be a leader in promoting human reconnections to the
Earth (Henderson, 1999). Leaders of outdoor recreation experiences play an important
role in encouraging these revived relationships to natural settings and can contribute to
the necessary environmental consciousness shift needed within Western society (Hanna,
1995; Jordan, 1996). The purpose of this research was to describe the lived-experience in
nature of wilderness recreation leaders. Specifically, a phenomenological method of
inquiry was used to describe the meaning of nature, the connections and relationships to
nature, and the behaviours and emotions experienced in nature by a group of wilderness
canoe trip leaders employed by a residential summer camp. In addition to the
implications of this research, achieving this outcome provides a rich descriptive
understanding of wilderness leaders' experiences—a basis from which to extend future
research endeavours and programmatic practices that promote effective environmental
outcomes of outdoor recreation participation.
Each of the five study participants was employed in the summer of 2003 by an
Ontario residential summer camp organization that sponsors extended wilderness river
canoe trips for youth. Two in-depth and semi-structured interviews were performed with each participant, asking them to reflect on the canoe trip that they led for the summer
camp organization during 2003. Phenomenological data was analyzed according to
Colaizzi's (1978) thematic analysis process. Consistent with van Manen's (1997)
emphasis on phenomenological writing, the final result presents the essence of the nature
experiences of wilderness recreation leaders in the format of a narrative description. This
narrative piece is the culmination of this research effort. Throughout the journey,
however, various foundations within the outdoor recreation field, such as minimum
impact principles, environmentally responsible behaviours, anthropocentric and
ecocentric worldviews, and effective leadership are deconstructed and discussed.


title: The philosopher and the rhetorician : a study of persuasion in Plato's Gorgias and Aristotle's Rhetoric /

subject:
Plato.
Aristotle.
Persuasion (Rhetoric)
Rhetoric.

abstract:
In his treatise, On Rhetoric, Aristotle argues that there are three species within an art of
rhetoric, judicial, deliberative, and epideictic. Aristotle's threefold rhetorical art, which is based
on the functioning of the soul toward justice, reveals the possibilities for persuasive speech found
in the Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle suggests that the soul and political life can be ordered
according to reason through speeches pursuing justice, efficiency, and noble action. The relation
between rhetoric and the soul also demonstrates how Socrates' rhetoric in Plato's Gorgias is
based on an well-ordered soul, which is a just soul. In contrast to his own persuasion, Socrates
demonstrates that the persuasive speech employed and taught by Gorgias, the rhetorician, is
based on disorder and injustice. These two texts reveal that the intent of rhetoric is not separate
from its practice. A study of the art of rhetoric, based on a study of the just soul and the good life,
leads to the higher inquiries into politics and philosophy. Thus, political life and philosophy may
benefit when citizens examine the nature of rhetoric, and subsequently, justice, within a
community and within a soul.


title: Towards the development of a questionnaire of post transgression motives and behaviours /

subject:
Forgiveness
Behavioral assessment.
Psychology

abstract:
The primary purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire that assesses both
forgiveness-seeking motives and behaviours. This questionnaire was based on the
premise that, following the commitment of an offense in the context of a relationship, a
perpetrator will be motivated to reduce the damage that has taken place. The .
'
questionnaire examined several motives that a perpetrator might have for seeking
forgiveness. These motives were divided into five proposed domains of posttransgression
concerns: God, Self, Victim, Others/Society, and Relationship. Within these
domains, the following more specific types of concern were explored: Avoidance of
punishment, concern about public image, emotional well-being, self-image, sense of
fairness/justice, loss of relationship, loss or gain of power, and loss of ability to trust. The
questionnaire also assessed which behaviours (approach and avoidance) a perpetrator
might use in order to address these concerns. In addition, this study explored whether or
not the severity of the situation and the personality of the perpetrator influenced post
transgression motives and behaviours. Participants were 221 individuals from the
community and Brock University. They filled out a questionnaire package that assessed
personality traits, social desirability, and forgiveness-seeking motives and behaviours. In
order to answer items assessing motives and behaviours, participants were asked to
imagine themselves as perpetrators in three hypothetical transgression scenarios. These
scenarios ranged in severity fi^om low to high. Participants were asked to rate their
motives and behaviours both in an immediate time frame (immediately following the
transgression) and in the long-term (in order to move on from the situation). Results
indicated that the motivation items could be classified into the following subscales:Concern about God, Damaged Self-worth Concerns, Justice Concerns, Impression
Management Concerns, Victim and Others Concerns, and Relationship Concerns. The
behaviour items formed the following subscales: Approach, Avoidance, Denial and
Hiding, and Groveling. Results also indicated differences in motivations and behaviours
based on the severity of the situation as well as the personality (assessed using the
HEXACO inventory) of the perpetrator.


title: Sensitivity to differences between posed and genuine facial expressions : are children easily fooled? /

subject:
Facial expression.
Emotion in children

abstract:
Adults and children can discriminate various emotional expressions, although
there is limited research on sensitivity to the differences between posed and genuine
expressions. Adults have shown implicit sensitivity to the difference between posed and
genuine happy smiles in that they evaluate T-shirts paired with genuine smiles more
favorably than T-shirts paired with posed smiles or neutral expressions (Peace, Miles, &
Johnston, 2006). Adults also have shown some explicit sensitivity to posed versus
genuine expressions; they are more likely to say that a model i?,feeling happy if the
expression is genuine than posed. Nonetheless they are duped by posed expressions about
50% of the time (Miles, & Johnston, in press). There has been no published study to date
in which researchers report whether children's evaluation of items varies with expression
and there is little research investigating children's sensitivity to the veracity of facial
expressions.
In the present study the same face stimuli were used as in two previous studies
(Miles & Johnston, in press; Peace et al., 2006). The first question to be addressed was
whether adults and 7-year-olds have a cognitive understanding of the differences between
posed and genuine happiness {scenario task). They evaluated the feelings of children who
expressed gratitude for a present that they did or did not want. Results indicated that all
participants had a fundamental understanding of the difference between real and posed
happiness. The second question involved adults' and children's implicit sensitivity to the
veracity of posed and genuine smiles. Participants rated and ranked beach balls paired
with faces showing posed smiles, genuine smiles, and neutral expressions. Adults ranked.but did not rate beach balls paired with genuine smiles more favorably than beach balls
paired with posed smiles. Children did not demonstrate implicit sensitivity as their ratings
and rankings of beach balls did not vary with expressions; they did not even rank beach
balls paired with genuine expressions higher than beach balls paired with neutral
expressions.
In the explicit (show/feel) task, faces were presented without the beach balls and
participants were first asked whether each face was showing happy and then whether
each face wasfeeling happy. There were also two matching trials that presented two faces
at once; participants had to indicate which person was actuallyfeeling happy. In the show
condition both adults and 7-year-olds were very accurate on genuine and neutral
expressions but made some errors on posed smiles. Adults were fooled about 50% of the
time by posed smiles in thefeel condition (i.e., they were likely to say that a model
posing happy was really feeling happy) and children were even less accurate, although
they showed weak sensitivity to posed versus genuine expressions. Future research
should test an older age group of children to determine when explicit sensitivity to posed
versus genuine facial expressions becomes adult-like and modify the ranking task to
explore the influence of facial expressions on object evaluations.


title: Gendered inequality in academia : exploring women's experiences during the pre-tenure stages of their academic career

contributor: Social Justice and Equity Studies Program

subject:
Sexism in higher education
Educational equalization

abstract:
This research uses the work of Pierre Bourdieu as a starting point for an
examination of women's experiences during the pre-tenure stages of their
academic career. This thesis is based on six semi-structured interviews with six
tenured academic women in the Faculty of Social Sciences at a medium sized
Ontario University. I explore the ranges of experiences that the women report
encountering during their pre-tenure years, as well as demonstrate how these
experiences are gendered. Through my analysis, I find that women's
experiences in academia are shaped by a culture that legitimates their existence
in the academic field insofar as they embody the dispositions that reinforce the
gendered structure of the academic institution. I argue that being measured
according to a prototypical male standard creates difficulties for academic
women during their pre-tenure years.


title: Understanding the financial status of a group of high performance athletes

subject:
Athlete Assistance Program (Canada)
Sports sponsorship
Federal aid to sports
Sports

abstract:
With the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympic Games quickly approaching, there has
been a heightened interest in the performance of Canadian athletes at international
competitions (Duffy, 2007; Fidlin, 2005; Longley, 2006). Two significant documents
outline Canada's goal to become the number one sporting nation at the 2010 Olympic
Games, and improve Canada's performance at the 2008 Olympic Games: Own the
Podium and Road to Excellence (Priestner Allinger & Allinger, 2004; Road to
Excellence, 2006). These two documents represent heightened interest in the performance
of our elite athletes, in conjunction with Canada's hosting status of the Vancouver 2010
Winter Olympic Games. The requirements to train and compete at the international level
have become more demanding both in terms of financial resources and time commitment.
The need to financially assist athletes with their training and competition costs has been
an important topic of debate over the past decades (Beamish & Borowy, 1987;
Gatehouse, 2004; Macintosh, 1996; Munro, 1970; Owens, 2004).
Two sources of fiinding for high performance athletes in Canada are the Athlete
Assistance Program (AAP) provided by the Federal Government and the Canadian
Olympic Excellence Fund provided by the Canadian Olympic Committee. The
importance of these fiinds for athletes has been discussed in various forums (Ekos, 1992,
1997, 2005; Priestner Allinger & Allinger, 2004; Thibault «& Babiak, 2005). However,
alternative sources of funds for high performance athletes have never been the object of
research. As such the purpose of this study was to describe a group of athlete applicants
from the time period of November 2004 to April 2006, and to contextualize these
applications within the development of the Charitable Fund for Athletes.


title: From inference to affordance : the problem of visual depth-perception in the optical writings of Descartes, Berkeley, and Gibson

subject:
Descartes, René, 1596-1650.
Berkeley, George, 1685-1753.
Gibson, James Jerome, 1904-
Visual perception.
Depth perception.
Psychophysiology.
Psychology
Immaterialism (Philosophy)

abstract:
This thesis explores the debate and issues regarding the status of visual ;,iferellces
in the optical writings of Rene Descartes, George Berkeley and James 1. Gibson. It
gathers arguments from across their works and synthesizes an account of visual depthperception
that accurately reflects the larger, metaphysical implications of their
philosophical theories. Chapters 1 and 2 address the Cartesian and Berkelean theories of
depth-perception, respectively. For Descartes and Berkeley the debate can be put in the
following way: How is it possible that we experience objects as appearing outside of us,
at various distances, if objects appear inside of us, in the representations of the
individual's mind? Thus, the Descartes-Berkeley component of the debate takes place
exclusively within a representationalist setting. Representational theories of depthperception
are rooted in the scientific discovery that objects project a merely twodimensional
patchwork of forms on the retina. I call this the "flat image" problem. This
poses the problem of depth in terms of a difference between two- and three-dimensional
orders (i.e., a gap to be bridged by one inferential procedure or another). Chapter 3
addresses Gibson's ecological response to the debate. Gibson argues that the perceiver
cannot be flattened out into a passive, two-dimensional sensory surface. Perception is
possible precisely because the body and the environment already have depth.
Accordingly, the problem cannot be reduced to a gap between two- and threedimensional
givens, a gap crossed with a projective geometry. The crucial difference is
not one of a dimensional degree. Chapter 3 explores this theme and attempts to excavate
the empirical and philosophical suppositions that lead Descartes and Berkeley to their
respective theories of indirect perception. Gibson argues that the notion of visual
inference, which is necessary to substantiate representational theories of indirect
perception, is highly problematic. To elucidate this point, the thesis steps into the
representationalist tradition, in order to show that problems that arise within it demand a
tum toward Gibson's information-based doctrine of ecological specificity (which is to
say, the theory of direct perception). Chapter 3 concludes with a careful examination of
Gibsonian affordallces as the sole objects of direct perceptual experience. The final
section provides an account of affordances that locates the moving, perceiving body at
the heart of the experience of depth; an experience which emerges in the dynamical
structures that cross the body and the world.


title: Philia, Eros and Philosophy : Socrates' search for the friend in Plato's Lysis /

subject:
Plato.
Friendship.
Platonic love.


title: A qualitative case study of the processes of peer education in a young adult tobacco control initiative, Leave the Pack Behind

subject:
Peer counseling in rehabilitation
Peer counseling of students
Smoking cessation
Young adults

abstract:
Peer education involves peers offering credible and reliable information about
sensitive life issues through the means of an informal peer group setting (Topping &
Ehly, 1998). The purpose of this instrumental case study was to examine the processes of
peer education through the exploration of two teams within a young adult tobacco control
initiative, Leave the Pack Behind (LTPB). This qualitative case study examined two peer
education teams over an eight-month period. Interviews, focus groups and observations
were conducted with 12 participants across two peer education teams. Findings show the
complexities of the processes of peer education including a connection between the
stages of change and the changing role of the peer educator across stages of the
empowerment process. Peer education teams and factors in the macro environment were
also found to impact the process of peer education. This study provides a new definition
for the process of peer education: peer education is a fluid process of knowledge
exchange in which peer educators adopt different styles of facilitation as people move
through stages of empowerment and change. This study contributes to the academic
hterature upon the processes of peer education by providing a definition, a model and an
overall understanding through an ecological and empowerment framework. The findings
from this study suggest peer educators can be further trained to: use specific peer
educational approaches that fit with student smoker's stage of change; better understand
their position as a peer educator on the LTPB team; understand the reciprocal relationship
between the macro environment and the peer education teams having an effect on one
another.


title: Examining the mediating effects of team-referent causal attributions on the team performance and collective efficacy relationship

subject:
Sports teams
Teamwork (Sports)


title: Popular romance novels : seeking out the 'sisterhood' /

subject:
Love stories
Popular literature
Women and literature.
Feminism and literature.


title: Gadamer's transformation of hermeneutics : from Dilthey to Heidegger

subject:
Gadamer, Hans Georg, 1900-2002
Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976
Dilthey, Wilhelm, 1833-1911
Hermeneutics

abstract:
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show how Gadamer's hermeneutics synthesizes
the insights of both Heidegger and Dilthey in order to introduce a new hermeneutics.
Gadamer's hermeneutics is based not only on the priority of ontology, as Heidegger
insists, and neither is it only a product of life which can be objectively understood
through study and rigorous method, as Dilthey suggests. For Gadamer, hermeneutics is
the bringing together of ontology in terms of history. By this synthesis Gadamer not only
places himself within the context of a Lebensphilosophie, but also shows that it is within
language that Being can be disclosed according to a lived context. Throughout this paper
the philosophies ofDilthey and Heidegger are explicated within a historical context as to
bring out how, and why, Gadamer sees the need to surpass these philosophies. Through
Gadamer's philosophy of play and the game, language, the dialogical model, application,
and the fusion of horizons we can see how Gadamer's critique and questioning of these
two philosophy leads to his new hermeneutics. Special attention is paid to the role in
which these two contrasting philosophies were used to complement each other in the
product of Gadamer' s philosophical hermeneutics as it is presented in his major work
Truth andMethod. For Gadamer, the task of understanding is never complete. Therefore,
his hermeneutics remains a dynamic structure with which we can always question the
past and our traditions. This paper seeks to show his philosophical movements within
these questions


title: The implications of being an international medical graduate (IMG) in Canadian society : a qualitative study of foreign-trained physicians' resettlement, sense of identity and health status

creator: de Carvalho, Maria Auxiliadora Junqueira.

subject:
Physicians, Foreign
Physicians
Medical policy.

abstract:
This qualitative research study used grounded theory methodology to explore the
settlement experiences and changes in professional identity, self esteem and health status
of foreign-trained physicians (FTPs) who resettled in Canada and were not able to
practice their profession. Seventeen foreign-trained physicians completed a pre-survey
and rated their health status, quality of life, self esteem and stress before and after coming
to Canada. They also rated changes in their experiences of violence and trauma,
inclusion and belonging, and racism and discrimination. Eight FTPs from the survey
sample were interviewed in semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore their
experiences with the loss of their professional medical identities and attempts to regain
them during resettlement.
This study found that without their medical license and identity, this group of
FTPs could not fully restore their professional, social, and economic status and this
affected their self esteem and health status. The core theme of the loss of professional
identity and attempts to regain it while being underemployed were connected with the
multifaceted challenges of resettlement which created experiences of lowered selfesteem,
and increased stress, anxiety and depression. They identified the re-licensing
process (cost, time, energy, few residency positions, and low success rate) as the major
barrier to a full and successful settlement and re-establishment of their identities.
Grounded research was used to develop General Resettlement Process Model and
a Physician Re-licensing Model outlining the tasks and steps for the successfiil general
resettlement of all newcomers to Canada with additional process steps to be
accomplished by foreign-trained physicians. Maslow's Theory of Needs was expanded
to include the re-establishment of professional identity for this group to re-establish levels
of safety, security, belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization.
Foreign-trained physicians had established prior professional medical identities,
self-esteem, recognition, social status, purpose and meaning and bring needed human
capital and skills to Canada. However, without identifying and addressing the barriers to
their full inclusion in Canadian society, the health of this population may deteriorate and
the health system of the host country may miss out on their needed contributions.


title: Exploring exploration : career identity development and temperment /

subject:
Self-perception.
School-to-work transition.
College students

abstract:
Career identity exploration is a central component of the lives of undergraduate
university students. Although students are encouraged to explore, it is unclear whether
different methods of exploration are better suited for certain individuals. In the present
study, quantitative data were collected to examine the relationship between shyness and
various methods of exploration. Two hundred fifty-seven university undergraduate
students (29 male), ranging in age from 17-25 years completed a 60-minute self-report
questionnaire. Shyness, identity, identity distress, subjective dimensions of exploration
(satisfaction with exploration, reasons for not exploring, helpfulness of exploration
methods), foci of exploration (non-social, social, self, and environmental), approaches to
exploration (breadth, depth), and moderating variables (social support, sociability) were
measured.
Shyness was positively correlated with moratorium (high exploration, low
commitment) and uncorrelated with the other identity statuses. Shyness was also
positively correlated with identity distress, and a predicted interaction between shyness
and identity diffusion predicting career identity distress was supported. Shyness was
negatively correlated with satisfaction with amount of exploration engaged in to-date. In
addition, shyness was correlated with the likelihood of selecting too stressful and too
anxiety provoking as reasons for engaging in less exploration than one would like.
Expected relationships between shyness and beliefs about, and engagement in, various
methods of exploration were largely non-significant. Exceptions to this were the negative
correlations between shyness and engagement in social exploration, and beliefs about the
helpfulness of social self-exploration, both of which were significant at a trend level. A predicted interaction between shyness and social support predicting total social
exploration was supported, showing that high social support buffers the negative
relationship between shyness and exploration; such a moderating relationship did not
exist, however, between sociability, shyness and social exploration.
Results suggest that although shy university students are engaged in career
exploration, they are experiencing feelings of distress and dissatisfaction with their career
identity exploration and development. Thus, to help shy students become successfiil in
their exploration, it is important for counsellors, family members, and peers to be aware
of the feelings the individuals are experiencing and help them reduce the anxiety and
stress associated with the exploration process. One promising method, supported by the
results in this study, is by encouraging shy individuals to explore with social support.


title: An analysis of Ibn al-'Arabi's al-Insan al-Kamil, the Perfect Individual, with a brief comparison to the thought of Sir Muhammad Iqbal

subject:
Ibn al-Arabi, 1165-1240.
Iqbal, Muhammad, Sir, 1877-1938.
Perfection
Sufism.

abstract:
This thesis analyzes four philosophical questions surrounding Ibn al-'Arabi's concept of
the al-iman al-kamil, the Perfect Individual. The Introduction provides a definition of
Sufism, and it situates Ibn al-'Arabi's thought within the broader context of the
philosophy of perfection. Chapter One discusses the transformative knowledge of the
Perfect Individual. It analyzes the relationship between reason, revelation, and intuition,
and the different roles they play within Islam, Islamic philosophy, and Sufism. Chapter
Two discusses the ontological and metaphysical importance of the Perfect Individual,
exploring the importance of perfection within existence by looking at the relationship the
Perfect Individual has with God and the world, the eternal and non-eternal. In Chapter
Three the physical manifestations of the Perfect Individual and their relationship to the
Prophet Muhammad are analyzed. It explores the Perfect Individual's roles as Prophet,
Saint, and Seal. The final chapter compares Ibn al-'Arabi's Perfect Individual to Sir
Muhammad Iqbal's in order to analyze the different ways perfect action can be
conceptualized. It analyzes the relationship between freedom and action.


title: The effects of quinpirole in eliciting 50 kHz calls from the rat nucleus accumbens /

subject:
Dopaminergic mechanisms.
Sound production by animals.
Dopamine.

abstract:
Fifty kHz rat vocalizations are theorized to reflect a positive affective state, and index the
reward value of stimuli (Knutson, Burgdorf & Panksepp, 2002; Panksepp & Burgdorf, 2003;
Brudzynski,2005). Previous studies have identified the neurochemical substrate of this
behaviour to be dependent on dopaminergic activity at the nucleus accumbens shell (Burgdorf,
Knutson, Panksepp & Ikemoto, 2001; Thompson, Leonard & Brudzynski, 2006). The utilization
of d-amphetamine (a non-selective dopamine agonist) in these studies does not address the
specific dopamine receptor types involved. The present study aims to identify the role of the D2-
like family of receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell in the production of 50 kHz vocalizations
in adult rats. Single injections of quinpirole in a saline vehicle were administered to the nucleus
accumbens shell of 57 rats, and the number of 50 kHz vocalizations were recorded. An inverted
V-shaped relationship was found between quinpirole dose (0.5 ~g, 3 ~g, 6 ~g, 1 0 ~g and 20 ~g,
all in 0.2~1 saline) and the mean number of 50 kHz calls produced. Quinpirole successfully
elicited significantly more 50 kHz calls than did a saline control at the 6 ~g dose, as did 7 ~g/0.2
~l of d-amphetamine injections into the same brain site.
To test whether a selective D2 antagonist could reverse elicited 50 kHz calling, double
injections were given that used either saline or raclopride as a pretreatment before quinpirole
injections. Saline followed by 6 ~g/0.2 ~l of quinpirole elicited significantly more 50 kHz
vocalizations than did a double injection of saline, while pretreatment with an equimolar dose of
raclopride reduced elicited calls to control levels. Raclopride was also used as a pretreatment of
7 ~g/0.2 ~l d-amphetamine, which elicited significantly fewer 50 kHz vocalizations than saline
followed by amphetamine, replicating the finding of Thompson, Leonard & Brudzynski (2006).Subcutaneous injections of 0.5 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg of quinpirole produced a similar number of
50 kHz vocalizations as subcutaneous injection of saline. Wider dose ranges may be explored in
fiiture research.
Thus, direct activation of the Da-like receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell was
sufficient to elicit 50 kHz vocalizations in adult rats, an effect which was reversed with selective
local antagonism of Da-like receptors. The Da-like receptor family also appears necessary for
pharmacological activation of 50 kHz calling, as d-amphetamine was no longer able to
effectively elicit these vocalizations from the nucleus accumbens shell when the Da-receptor
family was antagonized with raclopride.
The acoustic parameters of elicited vocalizations remained typical of rat 50 kHz calls.
Detailed analyses of the acoustic characteristics of elicited calls indicated significant increases in
call duration and peak frequency across drug injection groups, particularly among quinpirole
dose groups. The implications of these findings are not yet clear, but may represent an important
direction for future research into the coding of semiotic content into affective signals in rats.


title: This infinite, unanimous dissonance : a study in mathematical existentialism through the work of Jean-Paul Sartre and Alain Badiou

subject:
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 1905-1980.
Badiou, Alain.
Mathematics
Existentialism.

abstract:
This thesis seeks to elucidate a motif common to the work both of Jean-Paul Sartre and Alain Badiou
(with special attention being given to Being and Nothingness and Being and Event respectively): the
thesis that the subject 's existence precedes and determines its essence. To this end, the author aims to
explicate the structural invariances, common to both philosophies, that allow this thesis to take shape.
Their explication requires the construction of an overarching conceptual framework within which it
may be possible to embed both the phenomenological ontology elaborated in Being and Event and the
mathematical ontology outlined in Being and Event. Within this framework, whose axial concept is that
of multiplicity, the precedence of essence by existence becomes intelligible in terms of a priority of
extensional over intensional determination. A series of familiar existentialist concepts are reconstructed
on this basis, such as lack and value, and these are set to work in the task of fleshing out the more or
less skeletal theory of the subject presented in Being and Event.


title: Righteous sounds and reproductive justice : the influence of Ani DiFranco's music for reproductive rights activists

subject:
DiFranco, Ani.
Feminism and music.
Feminist music.
Pro-choice movement.
Human reproduction

abstract:
In this thesis, I explore how the folk-rock music of Ani DiFranco has influenced the
activist commitments, sensibilities, and activities of reproductive rights activists. My
interest in the relation of popular music to social movements is informed by the work of
Simon Frith (1987, 1996a, 1996b), Rob Rosenthal (2001), and Ann Savage (2003). Frith
argues that popular music is an important contributor to personal identity and the ways
that listeners see the world. Savage (2003) writes that fans develop a unique relationship
with feminist/political music, and Rosenthal (2001) argues that popular music can be an
important factor in building social movements. I use these arguments to ask what the
influence of Ani DiFranco's music has been for reproductive rights activists who are her
fans.
I conducted in-depth interviews with ten reproductive rights activists who are fans of Ani
DiFranco's music. All ten are women in their twenties and thirties living in Ontario or
New York. Each has been listening to DiFranco's music for between two and fifteen
years, and has considered herself a reproductive rights activist for between eighteen
months and twenty years.
I examine these women's narratives of their relationships with Ani DiFranco's music and
their activist experience through the interconnected lenses of identity, consciousness, and
practice. Listening to Ani DiFranco's music affects the fluid ways these women
understand their identities as women, as feminists, and in solidarity with others. I draw on
Freire's (1970) understanding of conscientization to consider the role that Ani's music
has played in heightening women's awareness about reproductive rights issues. The
feeling of solidarity with other (both real and perceived) activist fans gives them more
confidence that they can make a difference in overcoming social injustice. They believe
that Ani's music encourages productive anger, which in turn fuels their passion to take
action to make change. Women use Ani's music deliberately for energy and
encouragement in their continued activism, and find that it continues to resonate with
their evolving identities as women, feminists, and activists.
My study builds on those of Rosenthal (2001) and Savage (2003) by focusing on one
artist and activists in one social movement. The characteristics of Ani DiFranco, her fan
base, and the reproductive rights movement allow new understanding of the ways that
female fans who are members of a female-dominated feminist movement interact with
the music of a popular independent female artist.


title: Using stimulus equivalence to teach monetary skills to school-age children with autism

subject:
Autistic children
Counting.

abstract:
The present study evaluated the use of stimulus equivalence in teaching monetary skills
to school aged children with autism. An AB within-subject design with periodic probes was
used. At pretest, three participants demonstrated relation DA, an auditory-visual relation
(matching dictated coin values to printed coin prices). Using a three-choice match-to-sample
procedure, with a multi-component intervention package, these participants were taught two
trained relations, BA (matching coins to printed prices) and CA (matching coin combinations to
printed prices). Two participants achieved positive tests of equivalence, and the third participant
demonstrated emergent performances with a symmetric and transitive relation. In addition, two
participants were able to show generalization of learned skills with a parent, in a second
naturalistic setting. The present research replicates and extends the results of previous studies by
demonstrating that stimulus equivalence can be used to teach an adaptive skill to children with
autism.


title: My two families : an autoethnographic exploration of the internalized lived by and the externalized lived with family experience

subject:
Family
Ethnology
Narrative therapy.
Postmodernism


title: An in-depth analysis of real and perceived barriers to speech and language program participation for children with speech and language delays : a question of barriers to service?

subject:
Language disorders in children
Speech therapy for children.
Mothers of exceptional children.

abstract:
The current study investigated the effects that barriers (both real and perceived) had on
participation and completion of speech and language programs for preschool children with
communication delays. I compared 36 families of preschool children with an identified
communication delay that have completed services (completers) to 13 families that have not
completed services (non-completers) prescribed by Speech and Language professionals. Data
findings reported were drawn from an interview with the mother, a speech and language
assessment of the child, and an extensive package of measures completed by the mother.
Children ranged in age from 32 to 71 mos. These data were collected as part of a project funded
by the Canadian Language and Literacy Research Networks of Centres of Excellence.
Findings suggest that completers and non-completers shared commonalities in a number
of parenting characteristics but differed significantly in two areas. Mothers in the noncompleting
group were more permissive and had lower maternal education than mothers in the
completing families. From a systemic standpoint, families also differed in the number of
perceived barriers to treatment experienced during their time with Speech Services Niagara.
Mothers in the non-completing group experienced more perceived barriers to treatment than
completing mothers. Specifically, these mothers perceived more stressors and obstacles that
competed with treatment, perceived more treatment demands and they perceived the relevance of
treatment as less important than the completing group. Despite this, the findings suggest that
non-completing families were 100% satisfied with services. Contrary to predictions, there were
no significant differences in child characterisfics and economic characteristics between
completers and non-completers. The findings in this study are considered exploratory and
tentative due to the small sample size.