title: Imperialistic Myth and Iconography in Books I and II of The Faerie Queene

contributor:
Cain, T.H.
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
The dissertation describes Tudor imperialism as a central theme in The Faerie Queene. In the poem, Spenser conceives of empire as having a two-fold purpose; the sacred goal of the restoration of the church; and the political goal of the establishment of the universal empire of which the medieval imperialists dreamed. The first is envisaged as an earthly type of the Heavenly Jerusalem perceived by Redcrosse under the guidance of Contemplation, while, politically, England's struggle with Rome provides the basis for that hero's adventures. The second goal is foreshadowed in a prophetic vision at the end of Book IV. Its achievement is equated with the restoration of the ancient heroic civilization of Troy and with England's rule over the American territories supposedly conquered by Arthur. The restoration of this two-fold ideal is attributed to Elizabeth as type of the imperial virgin of the Virgilian prophecy whose advent will bring England peace and plenty. This political goal is adumbrated in the poem by images of the queen's "fruitful virginity", a paradox reflecting the double roles of Astraea as virgin and figure of plenty combined with the analogous roles of Diana and Venus. In order to characterize England's two great political enemies of the time, Rome and Spain, as obstacles to the queen's providential role, Spenser has turned them into figures of monstrous theological and moral evil who appear as the reverse or antitypes of the sacred empire and the sacred imperial virgin.

To discover the imperialistic meaning of Spenser's allegory, I have compared its mythological and iconographical details to contemporary symbolic expressions of imperialistic propaganda. These in turn derive from a traditional stock of symbolic expressions of imperial concepts. My starting point in Chapter I is the connection between the allegory of Book I and the development of medieval papalimperial relations which culminated in England in the struggle for supremacy. The description of Lucifera and her palace, the house built on sand, appears as Spenser's main image of papal imperialism from an English point of view. Chapter II-IV expand this reading of the Lucifera episode by consideration of various iconographic and mythological resources that complicate its satiric effect.

In the second half of the dissertation, I describe those details of the allegory in Books II-IV which reflect a complementary aspect of the concept of the sacred empire, namely the idea of England's potential rule over the seas and of colonial expansion. In Chapter V, I argue that Dee's propaganda for an English navy and for the establishment of colonies is the impulse underlying Spenser's treatment of chronicle history in Books II-III. In Chapters VI and VII, I discuss details in the episode of Acrasia, the description of Florimell, and the visit to the Cave of Mammon in connection with the projects of the Tudor ventures, particularly Drake's West Indian raid and Raleigh's plans for the Virginia colony and the "Empire" of Guiana.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Effects of Alternative Income Distribution on Resource Allocation in India

contributor:
Mestelman, S.
Economics

subject:
income distribution
resource allocation
economic strain
India
Economics
Income Distribution
Political Economy
Social and Behavioral Sciences

abstract:
In the thesis, we examine the effects of alternative income redistribution schemes on the optimal pattern of allocation of resources. We also identify the sectors in the economy which are under strain when these redistribution schemes are implemented and the years in which the strains are felt most. We find that the redistribution of income between the lower and middle income groups in the rural sector leads to the maximum value of the objective function, which is a discounted sum of gross outputs. Alternatively, the redistribution of income between the upper and middle income groups in the urban sector consistently leads to low values of the objective function.

We also conduct tests to determine how sensitive these results are to changes in the values of the parameters assumed. The results regarding the relative desirabilities of various redistribution schemes are found to be rather insensitive to changes in the values of the social discount rate and the savings rate. A higher availability of foreign aid increases the desirability of urban redistribution schemes. Modest requirements of post-terminal growth lead to infeasibilities for most redistribution schemes, as well as the reference solution, which assumes the status quo distribution of income. The only feasible redistribution schemes are those which redistribute incomes between the upper and middle classes, and the middle and lower classes in the rural sector. This leads us to recommend rural redistribution as not only a desirable policy, but as a necessary prerequisite to obtaining modest growth rates in the post-plan period.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Metamorphoses in Eighteenth-Century England: A Study of the Reputation and Influence of the Moralized Tradition of Ovid's Metamorphoses in the Criticism, Handbooks and Translations of Eighteenth-Century England, with a Reading of Selected Poems in the Tradition

contributor:
King, James
English

subject:
Ovid
Metamorphoses
Augustean age
humanism
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Literature in English, British Isles
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
This study examines the reputation and influence of Ovid's Metamorphoses in Augustan England in order to show the persistence of the allegorical reading of the poem. Although the ultimate purpose of the study is to shed light on the interpretation of Restoration and eighteenth--century poetry, such a direct application of the metamorphic tradition to the reading of the verse cannot be undertaken before the critical position of the Metamorphoses in the intellectual and artistic milieu of the period has been determined. Because it is my contention that Ovid's poem continued to be read in the Augustan age in much the same way that it had been in the Renaissance, the study begins with an analysis of the relationship between classicism and Renaissance humanism and the way in which this relationship affected Restoration and early eighteenth century thought and writing. From there, the study briefly reviews the sixteenth and seventeenth century thought on the Metamorphoses and, then branches into Augustan criticism, prefaces, translations, editions and handbooks which discuss Ovid's poem and which are written by British authors and continental writers who influenced British thought. It has sometimes been assumed that the Metamorphoses died an early death in the Augustan age because of the travesties of the poem and because of Addison's seeming disavowal of allegorization; therefore, I have tried to correct this assessment by a comprehensive analysis of the materials of the period.

The study shows that while the critics have been correct in their belief that science and antiquarianism, along with a certain hatred of heathenism and narrowly defined sexual mores, caused the popularity of the Metamorphoses to wane in the eighteenth century, the poem still held a considerable prestige among writers and artists until 1750. Garth's 1717 Preface to the Metamorphoses, from which authors borrow freely until Boyse's New Pantheon (1753), is the seminal essay on Ovid's poem for the early eighteenth century, and his allegorical reading of the poem and appreciation of Ovid's wit are representative attitudes toward the poem. By 1750, however, Ovid's classic began to be questioned by men like Spence because it deviated from the true picture of the heathen mythology, and, consequently, the Metamorphoses in the later eighteenth century become the sole realm of schoolboys. While historians like Banier and Boyse believe the Metamorphoses to be significant in the early century, by 1750 the historians, too, sought more authentic materials, but writers clung to Ovid as a poetical model and moral teacher at least until that time. Allegory justified the continued usage of Ovid artistically and morally, and ubiquitous use of the Metamorphoses in Augustan poetry testifies to its popularity and significance.

A careful examination of the comments on the Metamorphoses indicates that the truths that critics may gather about the scientific progress of an age are not always applicable to the artistic situation of the times. Furthermore, to confirm a thesis, one must go beyond the mere perusal of a few works of the period. In the case of Ovid, Addison's disparaging comment on the allegorization in Ross's Mystagogus Poeticus has been taken as the damaging evidence against the allegorical iv reading of the Metamorphoses, whereas Addison intends his criticism mainly for "mystical" allegory. By a careful study of a number of eignteenth-century works a clearer and more valid picture emerges. The importance of such a study for literary purposes lies in its applicability to the poetry of the period, As I have tried to argue in the last chapter of this thesis, Ovidian matter is not a mere window-dressing for frivolous poems, but an integral part of the structure and meaning. By applying the moralized reading of the Metamorphoses to allusions in poems such as Astraea Redux or The Dunciad and to the metamorphic patterns in such poems as Claremont, The Fan and "Eloisa to Abelard", I have discovered in Augustan verse a moral texture which the well-read poets submerged in subtle allusions, not immediately apparent from a casual reading of the poems. Although travesties and burlesques of Ovid's Metamorphoses were published in the eighteenth century, his master work continued to be regarded a major poetic document, and even those poets who used his work for the purpose of travesty often did so to make a serious point.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Mammalian Mitochondrial Ribonuclcates

contributor:
Freeman, K.B.
Biology

subject: mammals

subject: cells

subject: mitochondria

subject: rat

subject: mouse

subject: human

subject: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology

subject: Life Sciences

subject: Molecular Biology

abstract: Department title for this thesis is Molecular Biology, which is not listed in the categories.

abstract: Mitochondria from mammalian cells synthesize protein. To characterize this sytem, high molecular weight RNA and ribosomal components from mitochondria of rat, mouse and human sources were investigated. Novel ribosomal RNA and ribosomal components were found in these organisms which are unique compared with their counterparts in the cytoplasm or bacteria in respect to their physical properties, chemical composition and conformation. The RNA sedimentation cofficients of 15 and 13 S, electrophoretic mobilities of about 21 and 12.5 SE and 20.5 and 11.0 SE for rodent and human cells respectively, and a high A+U content. The mitochondrial ribosomal RNA was transcribed from the mitochondria originated from an autonomous prokaryotic ancestor whic established a symbiotic relationship in the contemporary eukaryotic cell in which the original prokaryotic symbiont lost part of its autonomy.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Dissociation and Wholeness in Patrick White's Fiction

contributor:
Berland, Alwyn
English

subject:
Patrick White
ideal
reality
contrast
dualism
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
Patrick White is a man divided: one part of him strives for permanence, surety, the ideal, while knowing the contingent, temporal realm he inhabits must inevitably undermine such striving. The desire, and the knowledge of its futility, leads him into a misanthropic devaluation of human creative possibility and, complementarily, into the arbitrary use of imposed symbolic resolutions directed to an elect who can "see". It has been this part of White, largely, that criticism has been industrious in explicating, if not in quite the terms I have used above. But there is another part of White which strains away from the former dualism of idealism and despair, significance and banality, towards a vital wholeness to be apprehended in human relationships. It is this aspect of White which embodies his genuine novelistic power and which, consequently, helps us to understand and place" the former "cerebral" response to the complexity of finding meaning in the twentieth century.

The present study deals with four novels in four chapters, and briefly discusses a fifth in an epilogue. It opens with an introduction in which I link the division found in White to T.S. Eliot's theory of the "dissociation of sensibility", and so to the major modernists, Eliot, Yeats, and Lawrence. I then devote a chapter to each of The Aunt's Story (1948), Riders in the Chariot (1961), The Vivisector (1970), and A Fringe of Leaves (1976). The main thrust of these chapters is to demonstrate how White's development as a writer moves from ambivalence toward his vision, through a compensatory rigid dualism, to an increasing awareness and acknowledgement of the reality that creative relationship offers. The epilogue comments briefly on White's most recent novel, The Twyborn Affair (1979), in which he indulges many of the predilections he had sufficiently "placed" through the writing of A Fringe of Leaves. Evidence that White has not forgotten the discoveries of Fringe is present, but in a tenuous form. Though White's creativity is of major status, the divisions that tend to undermine it still have a powerful hold on him.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Two-tier Model of Canadian Chartered Bank Rate-setting Behaviour and the Implications for Identifying Demand for Loans and Deposits Equations

contributor:
Scarth, W.M.
Robb, A.L.
Kliman, M.L.
Economics

subject:
banking
Canada
profits
two stage model
deposit
loan
rate setting
Economics
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Economics

abstract:
In this thesis deposit and loan rate-setting equations for chartered banks are derived on the premise that these rates are set so as to maximize the banking industry's profits. Because of the oligopolistic nature of the Canadian banking industry and because explicit collusion is illegal an optimizing model of chartered bank ratesetting behaviour was integrated into the institutional framework of the Canadian banking industry.

To do this a two-stage model of the Canadian banking industry is proposed. At the first stage, the prime rate on loans and the rate on non-chequing personal savings deposits are set so as to maximize the collective profits of the industry. To circumvent the illegality of explicit collusion a price leadership model is developed. In this model it is not one of the individual banks which is a price leader, but rather changes in the bank rate act as a signal for all of the individual banks to change their rates. The formulation proposed was tested and the hypothesis accepted for both rates. The second stage of the two-stage model is concerned with asset and liability management and is not developed in this thesis.

A second contribution of this thesis is to take into account chartered bank rate-setting behaviour when estimating demand equations for both business loans and nonchequing personal savings deposits. When the estimation procedure used reflects these problems it is found that there are large changes in the values of the estimated coefficients in the demand functions for loans and deposits, compared to the simple O.L.S. estimates of the parameter values.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Spenser's Goodly Frame of Temperance: Secret Design in The Faerie Queene, Book II

subject:
Spenser
parallel and symetrical patterns
hermeneutic significance
Renaissance
hidden analogies
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Literature in English, British Isles
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
Spenser's design for the second book of The Faerie Queene involves hidden parallel and synnnetrical patterns, previously undetected, that have serious hermeneutic significance for the study of that poem and other literature of the Renaissance. My study is of form. The first chapter considers the structural approach to literature of the Renaissance and discusses my methodology. Chapter II reveals the simultaneous existence of a parallel and a symmetrical pattern of the stanzas of Book II as a whole. Chapters III and IV explore the simultaneous operation of five patterns--three parallel and two synnnetrical--for numerous pairs of cantos. Chapter V demonstrates the simultaneous existence of parallel and symmetrical patterns within each canto of Book II.

What is presented is a demonstration of intricate construction along consistently predictable parallel and symmetrical lines. Such patterned composition has been detected previously in shorter Spenser poems, Epithalamion and "Aprill," in particular. My discoveries result from applying a method which, from shorter Spenser poems, one has an expectation will work. The method involves counting stanzas and dividing by two to determine the midpoint or arithmetical centre, then considering the stanzas in parallel and synnnetrical arrangements.

Spenser creates, through the parallel and symmetrical placement of the episodes, characters, images, and themes of Book II, a microcosm of hidden analogies. The patterns are intricate and readily iii predictable. Spenser must have composed his poem according to such principles. While the ordinary reader may have experienced only the superficial sense of romance rambling that Spenser obviously intends to give, his more curious readers may have been aware of patterned composition along inevitable parallel and symmetrical lines and may have used presumption of patterning as a means of interpretation. They could have predicted a pattern and used the information of comparison, contrast, and reciprocal connnent to illuminate an image, character, or episode which they did not understand. For example, a reader who discovered the pairing of Belphoebe, a known type of Elizabeth, with Medina or Alma would get the hint that the latter are types of Elizabeth, though otherwise such a conclusion might seem only guesswork. The patterns provide a useful tool for criticism, suggesting and confirming interpretation.

The patterns I have detected may not be the only ones awaiting discovery in The Faerie Queene. There may be some underlying principle involved that we don't see at the moment. Perhaps there is a set of mathematical ratios--some sort of mathematical formula for composition--involved in making the goodly framework of the poem. Pythagorean ratios and other symbolic proportions are now known to have been used in Renaissance architecture. Spenser speaks of Book II as a building and fills it with houses and temples as major symbols. He makes his book according to a "goodly frame." The mystique of arcane construction no doubt has Pythagorean, nee-Platonic, hermetic, and numerological significance.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Trophies and Talismans: The Traffic of Human Remains

contributor:
Herring, D. Ann
Badone, Ellen E.F.
Prowse, Tracy
Anthropology

subject:
Human remains
specimens
Catholic Church
Western medicine
relics
undisposed dead
Anthropology
Arts and Humanities
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Anthropology

abstract:
This dissertation examines how human remains are circulated as material culture in contemporary Western society. It is based on an extended period of research and fieldwork carried out from September 2011 to June 2013, in addition to forensic-related research conducted from 2007 to 2010. Through interviews with individuals who handle human remains and an analysis of popular culture via social and mass media, I pose the question: How and why have the undisposed dead been made to occupy a variety of spaces in contemporary Western society; for personal use, education, sale, or veneration?

Interviews conducted with Roman Catholic clergy confirm not only the contemporary importance and influence of human relics, but the Church’s ongoing relationship with the dismembered body. This research thus offers a counterpoint to the usual positioning of the Church as anti-science and as imposing a religious taboo toward human remains. I argue instead that the Catholic Church historically has had an important influence on the practices of anatomical dissection, and the deeply embedded Western traditions of making the undisposed dead necessary, popular and culturally acceptable.

As an extension of my analysis of the Catholic Church’s traditions and policies around the use of human remains, I examine the institutional handling of the dead in various types of museums and compare this with how human remains are celebrated and circulated in popular culture. Lastly, I explore the work of five controversial visual artists who use human remains in their art.1 Through extensive personal interviews, conducted in their homes and studios, I demonstrate how Catholic bodies, images and symbols have profoundly inspired (rather than discouraged) these visual artists in their personal, as well as artistic narratives.

My research shows that, contrary to the academic literature, human remains are neither imbued with fear, nor with notions of violence or taboo; neither are they deployed to symbolically encounter death. In the hands of either institutional or personal collectors, I argue that human remains are valuable commodities through which membership, identity, and knowledge are expressed in contemporary Western society.

1 Wayne Martin Belger, Al Farrow, Andrew Krasnow, Mark Prent, Joel Peter Witkin

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN THE PRO-APOPTOTIC PROTEIN BID AND THE MITOCHONDRIAL OUTER MEMBRANE

contributor:
Fradin, Cécile
Andrews, David W.
Leber, Brian
Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences

subject:
Apoptosis
Bcl-2 proteins
tBid
Bax
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Lipids
Biochemistry
Biophysics
Lipids
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

abstract: Bcl-2 family of proteins regulate apoptosis at the level of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) through both protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions. While the role of the membrane as the “locus of action” has been recognized, the detailed molecular mechanisms and the consequences of the interactions of Bcl-2 family members with the membrane are yet to be fully understood. The findings presented here focus on the dynamic interactions of Bcl-2 proteins, most notably tBid with the MOM, and their functional significance on mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. We show that the activation of tBid is a multi-step process that is regulated by MOM lipids and proteins. The rate-limiting step in the activation of tBid is an elaborate conformational change that is facilitated by Mtch2, and is required for the activation and recruitment of Bax to the MOM. Furthermore, we demonstrate that binding of both tBid and Bax to the membrane is reversible and is governed by dynamic equilibria that potentially contribute to the propagation of the permeabilization signal within the cell for the regulation of apoptosis. We report that the transfer of tBid between membranes is accelerated by Bax and restricted by Bcl-XL, whereas the transfer of Bax between membranes is slower than and not influenced by tBid. Finally, by studying the effect of varying lipid composition on Bax-mediated permeabilization, we establish that electrostatic interactions mediate the binding of both tBid and Bim to the membrane. We demonstrate that while Bim does not exhibit any preference for a specific anionic lipid, tBid requires cardiolipin in order to undergo its conformational change at the membrane in the absence of Mtch2. Taken together, our work contributes to the growing understanding of the dynamic interactions and changes in conformation of Bcl-2 proteins at the MOM.

abstract: Doctor of Science  (PhD)


title: In Search of Security: Kinship and the Farm Family on the North Shore of Lake Huron (Ontario), 1879-1939

contributor:
Gentilcore, Louis R.
Geography

subject:
farm
family
geography
kinship
lake huron
Geography
Human Geography
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Geography

abstract:
This study explores the extent to which migration, kinship and social and economic security programs were utilized by individuals in order to increase their 'life chances'. The study area consists of three contiguous townships on the north shore of Lake Huron during an era of profound transit ions in Canadian society between 18 79 and 1939 and also encompassing the local evolution from frontier to established agricultural community. Within nineteenth century North American populations, two groups can be distinguished: the geographically stable ' core ' minority and a geographically mobile majority . In the study area, as elsewhere, the farm family functioned as a socio-economic institution. The family farm was a source of security, stability and wealth. Paradoxically, while it bound some to the land, it also forced others to leave. As a social unit, the farm family tried to protect and promote the interests of all family members in order to increase their 'life chances' . However, economic realities meant that social welfare often had to be subordinated to the need to attain economic stability in a society with few alternate sources of assistance.

Farmers wanted to provide a 'start in life' for all of their children; but they were loathe to subdivide the farm lest that practice compromise its economic viability. Small farms could not support a family. Conversely, providing for non-inheriting children also depleted capital accrued by the farm. Kinship conventions governed the crucial interface between social and economic functions of these families. They provided flexibility in the orderly transfer of land from the older generation to the younger and fair compensation for those who didn't inherit.

The Rowell-Sirois Report of 1940 suggests that the stresses upon families of unemployment, aging, illness and untimely death, accelerated by the changes from a predominantly rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one, were inadequately met by traditional kinship-oriented mutual support networks.

This study examines the extent to which this assertion is valid and the extent to which the first government programs to improve social and economic welfare modified the uncertainties of survival to 1939. Personal characteristics indicative of kinship relations are strongly associated with geographical stability or mobility among farm family members.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Influence of lndustrial and Spatial Structure on Canada-U.S. Regional Trade.

contributor:
Anderson, William P.
Geography and Geology

subject:
industrial
stucture
canada
US
Earth Sciences
Geography
Geology
Earth Sciences

abstract:
The purpose of this dissertation is to determine the influence of spatial and industrial structure on the volume and composition of trade among Canadian and American regions. In so doing, it is intended to provide a better understanding of the causes and effects of trade on regions, the potential\ for further economic integration and the policy implications thereof.

Both empirical and analytical modelling methods are used to analyze regional trade. Empirically, it is found that Canada-U.S. trade is heavily influenced by the spatial configuration of regions as well as their i1dustrial composition. It is also established that after controlling for distance and the industrial composition, there is a strong potential for further economic integration among Canadian and American regions. However, this potential is less than other studies have suggested.

Using an analytical model, it is demonstrates that the welfare implications of i economic integration depends on the relative size of the trading regions, their I respective national markets and the tradeability of intermediate goods.

Finally, the analysis shows that the potential for public policy to influence the I degree of integration and what form those policies might take depends crucially on the characteristics (geographic and industrial) of the trading regions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Frege's Theory of Judgement

contributor:
Wilson, N.L.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This thesis attempts to examine and evaluate the contribution made by the German mathematician and philosopher Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) to the solution of certain epistemological problems which centre round the notion of a judgement. It is argued that it is in terms of such Fregean concepts as those of assertion, sense, reference, object and concept that an adequate account of the nature of human judgement is to be formulated, but that Frege's theory must undergo substantial modification before it is finally acceptable. The conclusion herein reached is that a judgement is an assertion that a given object falls under a certain concept (or that a given concept falls within a certain concept of higher order). Just this was, indeed, Frege's claim; but it is argued that certain key terms here cannot be understood as Frege originally intended; and an alternative interpretation is propounded and defended. This interpretation is specifically directed towards the notions of a sense-function and the unsaturatedness of concepts.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Rhetoric in the Major Novels of Ford Madox Ford: an approach to Fifth Queen, The Good Soldier and Parade's End

contributor:
Aziz, Maqbool
English

subject:
Ford Madox
Fifth Queen
Soldier
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
Most critical studies of Ford are largely general in nature, mainly because of the comprehensive, 'pioneering' positions critics have tended to adopt in order to show that Ford is indeed worthy of our attention. As a result, the major novels and romances --the three volumes of Fifth Queen (1906, 1907, 1908), The Good Soldier (1915), and the four volumes of Parade's End (1924, 1925, 1926, 1928) --still need the kind of close, textual analysis that would demonstrate their value as subtle and intricate works of art. In this study, I have attempted to provide a detailed examination of these works.

Perceiving an additional 'flaw' in most evaluations of these fictions, whereby form and content are discussed as separate entities, I have focused, instead, on the "rhetoric" of the novels --on the ways in which we are made to see Ford's fictional worlds. Seen through the perspectives afforded by Scharer's "Technique as Discovery", Booth's The Rhetoric of Fiction and Lodge's Language of Fiction, this theoretical framework is discussed in the opening chapter. By focusing upon rhetoric as being an integral part of the process by which we are moved to a unique view of experience, I try to illuminate some of the "enigmas" surrounding the selected fictions, as well as counter many of the negative criticisms that have hitherto appeared.

In my chapter on Fifth Queen, I argue that the rhetoric Ford there employs is designed to fully explore the romance form. By focusing upon the range of effects in the trilogy, we see that, contrary to its general reputation, Fifth Queen is not a structure without unity, but a unified "song" of the romance heroine who seeks to give a shape to experience through a faith in something outside the self. The other characters in the trilogy fail to respond to Katherine's qualities, and the rhetorical effects Ford employs bring out their failings and Katherine's triumph of selfhood. These failings are especially noticeable in Henry VIII who is incapable of the kind of love which would take him beyond his own limitations. In many ways, ·the contrast between Henry's imprisonment in his "passions" and "prides", and Katherine's freedom through a love for something outside the self, is a pattern repeated throughout Ford's work.

Any consideration of the rhetoric of The Good Soldier must deal with the narrator Ford uses to tell his "Tale of Passion". I show how the values or norms we are made to see as of importance in the novel are precisely those which help the narrator tell his tale. This is particularly true of the most important value, passion. Passion enables Dowell, as faith does Katherine, to transcend the self in order to escape its constraints; as a consequence, he can see things from another point of view. It also allows him to give experience a form, and, through this creative act, he finds a degree of self-awareness and freedom. Passion is the value he comes to see as being the sentiment that Edward Ashburnham tried hardest to express. It is the sentiment that Leonora fails to understand. However, Dowell does understand passion and the "affair" as a whole; as a result, he comes to align himself with the "passionate" who are destroyed by a "garrison" mentality that denies anything exceptional in life.

Passion is also the subject of Parade's End, and the value which lies behind its telling. Approaching the novel through its rhetoric, I show how the tetralogy is a unified work, of which the much maligned fourth volume, The Last Post, is an integral part. The sequence of volumes is structured in such a way that it explores various kinds of passion: those that are destructive and imprison the characters involved, and those that are creative and are seen as a source of life. We, as readers, experience these passions, and the shaping of our experience depends upon Ford's successful handling of his medium--especially his use of character, point of view, juxtaposition, language, time and setting. I analyses these aspects of the novel's rhetoric by tracing them through the entire fabric of the tetralogy. There emerges an excellent depiction of passion which is the equal of The Good Soldier.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Study of Indian Spring Festivals From Ancient and Medieval Sanskrit Texts

contributor:
Granoff, Phyllis
Religious Studies

subject:
indian
spring
festivals
medieval sanskrit
Arts and Humanities
Religion
Arts and Humanities

abstract: *missing page 78*

abstract:
This thesis reflects an attempt to arrive at a full description of the ancient and medieval Indian Spring Festival (Vasantotsava) on the basis of descriptions found in Sanskrit texts and an analysis of the ritual activities of which this festival is composed. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first contains a discussion of some of the problems encountered in studying the Spring Festival such as the time at which it was celebrated, differences in the manner in which it was celebrated and various sources which describe the festival. Chapter Two contains a description and analysis of the festival on the basis of five primary texts, the Ratnaval1, the Kathasaritsagara, the Vikramacarita, two chapters from the Bhavisya Purana, and the Virupaksavasantotsavacampu. Chapter Three provides a general concluding statement pertaining to the Vasantotsava and examines Vedic precedents often cited for this festival as well as selected descriptions of modern manifestations of this festival.

The classic Ratnaval1, written by Ratnavali in the seventh century A. D. in central India, not only contains a detailed and vivid description of the Spring Festival but was written to be performed on this occasion as well. The Ratnaval1, in its description, emphasizes the rowdiness which characterizes this festival. Participants engage in drinking, singing, and dancing as well as the ritual of powder throwing. The Ratnaval1 also gives us information regarding the ritual worship of Kama, the Hindu god of love.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Samuel Beckett's Work in Regress: A study of the Fiction to 1953

contributor:
Adamson, Joseph
English

subject:
Samuel Beckett
Regress
Fiction
1953
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
This study shows how the narrative strategies of Beckett's early fiction, developed as a dialogical response to Joyce's work, lead to an implied critique of conventional notions of narrative and subjectivity. Beckett's work, the study argues, takes up the challenge posed by Joyce's "Work in Progress," and Beckett's individualistic reading of Proust, and finally "refus[es] the possibilities of modernist writing" (Said 50). Thus Beckett attempts an "impossible" fiction in which protagonists and narrators reject their roles, the presumption of audience interest is examined and sacrificed, and the speaker's power over language radically questioned. Consequently, More Pricks than Kicks, Murphy, watt, Malone Dies and The Unnameable demonstrate the fictional potential of rejected and "impossible" tactics such as silence, futility, and apparent incompetence.

The study demonstrates that the isolated individualism of Beckett's protagonists is associated with a breakdown of language and self, a process that provides a fictional anticipation of the theoretical view that language removed from either actual or conventional situations of utterance and reply ("writing" as opposed to speech) becomes an autonomous sign-system which remains silent about questions of self and identity. (Since it is only in human dialogue, in taking up an anchored subject-position within language, that a speaker's subjectivity can emerge). Beckett's protagonists, seeking to maintain their distance from the social distribution of subject positions, and seeking to propagate their personal monologue outside any dialogue, find themselves lost in a "moment before speech," or in language without parole, and thus are unable to base their own subjectivity in the unmoored or ungrounded discourse they inhabit. To explicate these implicit ideas, I turn to theorists of language and the self such as Emile Benveniste and Jacques Lacan (whose ideas were developing at the same time as Beckett was writing the works treated: in Paris in the 1930's). iv

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Politics of Acknowledgement: Truth Commissions in Uganda and Haiti

contributor:
Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E.
Political Science

subject:
Politics
commission
Uganda
Haiti
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
In the aftermath of a period of mass violations of human rights, societies are left with a weakened social infrastructure, on top of a similarly weakened physical infrastructure. The "Politics of Acknowledgement" posits that a society must pass through several stages in its quest to right the wrongs of the past, and remedy the social problems, and explores the role of acknowledgement in the process of societal recovery. I argue that the process of acknowledgement is of particular importance, forming a necessary but not sufficient condition in any successful process of societal recovery to allow the society to move forward. Acknowledgement can lead to forgiveness, which allows social trust and civic engagement to grow, all of which can lead to the development of civil society and, ultimately, democracy.

The thesis considers how the truth commissions of Uganda and Haiti were able to foster such acknowledgement. Both commissions were beset by a number constraints. Chief among these was a lack of political will to see the commission successfully through. This led directly to the failure of the commissions. The commissions failed in securing the social capital, security, and funding required to complete their work in a timely fashion. The evidence shows that neither commission was able to foster any significant levels of acknowledgement. As a result, social trust and civil society simply did not develop, which compromised the development of democracy in both Haiti and Uganda.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Beyond the Keynesian Welfare State: Progressive Movements and New Directions in Social Policy in Canada

contributor:
Storey, Robert H.
Sociology

subject:
Keynesian Welfare
Progressive movements
social policy
Canada
Sociology
Sociology

abstract:
This study investigates the responses of the labour movement, social policy advocacy organizations, and feminists to the downsizing and restructuring of the welfare state in Canada. Of interest in this research is whether these constituencies are in the initial stages of 're-conceptualizing' social welfare, given that the increasing degree of economic globalization and the rightward shift in political thinking in recent years have created a need for 'paradigm shift' in approaches to social policy among equality-seeking social movements.

It is discovered that these three social movements (labour, social policy advocates, and feminists) are at varying stages in imagining and working to achieve a progressive alternative to the postwar welfare state. Some elements of the labour movement have clearly identified the economic and political roots of growing social inequality. Some elements of the social policy advocacy community are promoting comprehensive alternative economic and social policies to the ones currently dominating political discourse. The women's movement, as represented by the National Action Committee on the Status of Women, appears to be the furthest ahead in developing a theoretically grounded critique of neoconservative I neo-liberal social welfare restructuring, and in posing progressive alternatives to it.

Theoretical issues which arise in regard to rethinking social welfare and reformulating social policy are discussed. There is also reference made to the strategic challenges which confront social movements within Canada and internationally, in their efforts to use social policy as a means of achieving greater social equality and an environmentally sustainable set of economic and political arrangements.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Sergeant of Outposts: One Editor's Role in Post-War Poetry

contributor:
John, B.
English

subject:
Editor
Post-war poetry
outposts
english
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
Poetry magazines are a reflection of the trends and the pressures of their ages: such was the case with Howard Sergeant's Outposts. Howard Sergeant was the longest continuous editor of a single literary magazine in the English language. Founded in 194) under the pressures of the Second World War, Outposts continued under his editorial direction until ill-health forced him to relinquish the reins in 1986.

Between 1944 and 1986, Sergeant and Outposts played a key role in many of the major trends, groups and movements that shaped modern British poetry. Begun as a poetry and critical journal with a wartime "Apocalyptic'' slant, Sergeant's Outposts evolved through the changes which encompassed the Nee-Romantics, the Personalists, The Movement, the Mavericks, The Group, the pop poets, and the Martians and Narrative poets of the Eighties.

Sergeant was among the first to recognize these changes in British poetry, and his magazine is a crosssection of the currents and counter-currents of the period. His major accomplishments include the founding of the British Poetry Association with Dorothy Wellesley and Siegfried Sassoon, his recognition and promotion of Commonwealth poetry (which launched the first Commonwealth movement in Britain), and his support of poets in the earliest stages of their development as a judge for the Gregory Awards with Herbert Read, T.S. Eliot, Henry Moore, and Philip Larkin. Among the key figures whose relationships to Sergeant are discussed are Muriel Spark, Earle Birney, Kingsley Amis, Seamus Heaney, Peter Redgrove, Dannie Abse, and D.M. Thomas.

Set in the context of forty years of highly charged activity on the British poetry scene, Sergeant's story is one of prudence, critical intelligence, and perseverance. As a poet, editor, and critic, Sergeant's role in British poetry is examined and discussed, and his contributions to the art are weighed against the achievements of those he assisted.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Stranger Who Bore Me: Adoptee-Birth Mother Interactions

contributor: Dr. Ralph Matthews, Dr. William Shaffir, Dr. James Rice

subject:
Adoption
Mother interactions
Community Engagement
Family, Life Course, and Society
Place and Environment
Social Psychology and Interaction
Sociology
Community Engagement

abstract: This study examines the long-term effects of adoption reunion. The main focus is on adoptees who have searched, made contact with their birth mothers and encountered a reunion experience. Intensive, open-ended interviews with a randomly-selected sample of sixty adoptees indicate that search and reunion have little connection to the adoptee's dissatisfaction with his/her adoption outcome or his/ her adoptive parent-child bonds. In fact, a large number hide their search and reunion from their adoptive parents because they do not want these significant others to think that they are unhappy with their adoptive status. The desire to reunite is more likely to be precipitated by some life-crisis event that raises the adoptive role-identity to a prominent position in the adoptee's salience hierarchy. Consideration of the meaning of that role-identity leads the adoptee to resolve the ambiguities that he/she encounters because of his/her lack of knowledge about his/her biological origins. Reunion contact resolves this sense of uncertainty because. it provides the missing background information that the adoptee needs for a consistent presentation of self in social interaction. Reunion contact with the birth mother is not a necessity for satisfactory reunion outcome. The adoptee possesses a strong vocabulary of motives that he/she uses to account for his/her reunion outcome and to integrate his/her background information as a part of his/her positive self-concept.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Modeling Firm Demography in Urban Areas with an Application to Hamilton, Ontario: Towards an Agent-Based Microsimulation Model

contributor:
Kanaroglou, Pavlos S.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Demography
Urban
Hamilon
Ontario
Microsimulation
Earth Sciences
Environmental Health and Protection
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Sciences
Geography
Sustainability
Earth Sciences

abstract:
The concern about sustainable planning of cities over the past few decades has generated a considerable amount of empirical literature on the emerging urban form and its causes. Part of this literature has focused on modeling the behavior driving the location decision of households and firms, as well as the urban development practices to simulate the evolution trends of urban form and growth. Earlier efforts were based on building and using aggregated zone-based urban land use models. However, due to their aggregate nature, most of these models have been criticized for lacking the behavioral realism in imitating the complexities of the city development process. Research during the past decade and a half calls for the adoption of a micro-analytical approach, whereby change in urban form is driven by the collective behavior of individual agents (households, business establishments, developers, etc.) and their location decisions.

This dissertation is concerned with the behavior of business establishments in urban areas. Specifically, we use principles from firm demography to develop a framework for an agent-based microsimulation model for the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The framework will be used to simulate the evolution of small and medium size business establishments as an outcome of processes that related to the failure, mobility and location choice of establishments in the city. The statistical models underlying these processes are discussed and estimated using data extracted from Statistics Canada Business Register (BR) for the period 1996 -2002. The parameters of these models attempt to identify and quantify the causes associated with firmographic processes in Hamilton and will form the basis towards implementing an agent-based model.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Effects of Success and Failure on Helping Behaviour

contributor:
Carment, D.W.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
During the past decade a large number of studies on altruism and helping behaviour have been carried out. Among these, however, are only a handful of experiments which deal with the effects of success or failure on helping behaviour. This dissertation reports the results of a series of eleven experiments on this topic carried out using male and female university students.

The first of these studies indicated that subjects who had failed on a motor task subsequently helped the experimenter more than subjects who has either succeeded or were controls. These findings contradicted previous research which had found that subjects who experienced success helped more than subjects who experienced failure.

Additional experiments designed to clarify this conflict, revealed that our findings were reliable as long as the subject and the experimenter were of the same sex. Under these conditions, failure subjects helped the experimenter more than success subjects. However, when the subject and the experimenter were of the opposite sex, a partial reversal was obtained. Success subjects then helped the experimenter more than failure subjects. This however could not, by itself, account for the apparently contradictory results since previous researchers had generally used both males and females as subjects eventhough only one confederate (either male or female) was used to request help.

Subsequent studies in this series clearly demonstrated that whether the person requesting or needing help was the same or a different experimenter who was aware or unaware of the subject's prior performance on the task was the major factor which could account for the apparently conflicting findings. In general, the findings indicate that failure helps more if the person requesting help knows that the subject has failed.

Throughout this research a wide variety of dependent and independent variables were employed and the initial results were repeatedly replicated. In other words, these findings are robust.

An "image-repair" motive is suggested to account for the findings that failure subjects helped a person who knew of their prior performance more than control subjects, who, in turn, helped such a person more than success subjects. The "warm glow of success" (Isen, 1970) hypothesis is recognized as still being the best explanation of the finding that success subjects helped a person who did not know of their prior performance more than control subjects, who, in turn, generally helped such a person more than failure subjects.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The 1985 Alcohol Reform in the USSR: A Case of Rejected Moral Reform

contributor:
Levitt, Cyril
Sociology

subject: Alcohol

subject: USSR

subject: Morals rejected

subject: Regional Sociology

subject: Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance

subject: Sociology

subject: Regional Sociology

abstract: The dissertation is a study of the 1985 alcohol policy reform in the Soviet Union. The task is to explain the making and failure of the policy, and to examine the policy as a case in rule creation in society. More specifically, I analyze the policy-making in terms of symbolic politics, moral entrepreneurship, and the prohibitive measures it led to a5 a reaction to alcohol abuse. Each of these concepts offers a partial explanation of rule creation. Yet, none adequately explains the policy repeal, much less the creation of informal social definitions of right and wrong. Similar to alcohol prohibitions in the USA, Finland and Canada, the Soviet alcohol reform effort attempted but ultimately did not succeed in changing the social definition of alcohol and drinking. This is in contrast to cannabis, opium and cocaine prohibitions that aimed to preserve existing definitions and have been largely successful around the world. The relationship between formal and informal definitions is addressed as a key element in any understanding of variations in the fate ofmoral reforms. From this standpoint, the post-reform period comes to be viewed as a distinct stage wherein the viability of a proposed definition is tested. Presently dominant approaches to the definitional process appear to limit their own potential in that they refuse to reconsider assumptions that can be shown erroneous, do not differentiate between dissimilar processes and settings, do not ask more pointed research questions and do not stimulate empirically grounded and verifiable explanations. To redress these limitations, I offer a critical reexamination of both the moral entrepreneur and claims-making approaches to social definition-making.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Computational Approach to Bohm's Quantum Mechanics

contributor:
L., D. W.
Physics and Astronomy

subject:
Astrophysics and Astronomy
Physics
Astrophysics and Astronomy

abstract:
Bohmian mechanics is an alternative formulation of quantum mechanics that incorporates the familiar and intuitive picture of particles moving along trajectories and yet predicts the same results as the more widely accepted Copenhagen interpretation. In recent years there has been renewed interest in this Bohmian view, in part for the novel approach that it suggests to certain problems, such as decay processes, both from a theoretical and computational stand point. In this thesis we focus on using the concepts introduced by the Bohmian framework as a practical computational tool.

I evaluate a number of implementations of the Bohmian method, get a sense of their strengths and weaknesses and attempt to overcome some stability issues that arise. For problems in one-dimension (ID), accurate solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation produce a wave function from which Bohmian trajectories can be computed by integrating along flux lines. For direct integration of the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi equations, the main problems that arise are related to evaluating the quantum potential (QP), especially in regions of low probability density. Sufficient accuracy is required to avoid unphysical trajectory crossings. A number of interpolation schemes were investigated, and smoothed splines with special treatment of edge effects gave the best results.

For problems in 2D the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method was employed to produce the wave function. Ways of dealing with unphysical reflections from the boundaries of a finite size domain were studied. The use of cellular automata, especially the lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) were also considered. Here Bohm trajectories would be propagated by following a small set of rules. The main problem identified is that, unless a scheme can be found in which the quantum potential is self-generating from an equation of continuity, the overhead of computing the QP at each time step, is prohibitive.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Forest Threshold· Princes, Sages and Demons in the Hindu Epics

contributor:
Kinsley, David
Religious Studies

subject:
threshold
princes
sages
demnos
hindu
Arts and Humanities
Other Religion
Religion
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
More than simply a backdrop, the forest in the Mahabharata and Ramayaoa is one of three central environments in the Hindu epics, and of the three is easily the setting which most frequently shapes the epic action. By studying the forest, the people who pass through it and their activities there, a new perspective on Hindu epic narrative is gained.

The central thesis of this study is that the tripartite process of transformation, first observed in rites of passage, operates in the forest-related sections of the Mahabharata and Ramayana, the middle or threshold phase of that process centering in the forest. The forest, then, acts as a threshold across which the epic heroes and heroines pass as they move from one lift-stage to another, or as is more often the case, from one state of existence to another.

For example, in the early adventures of both Rama and Laksmana. . and the Pandava brothers, the heroes move from ... the brahmacarya life-stage to the grhastha life-stage. Similarly both Nala and Damayanti reflect this transfermative process: Nala as he moves from being a ritually impure, possessed, insane king to a purified, liberated, sane king; Damayanti as she moves from being the wife of a madman to the wife of a just, powerful ruler. Damayanti 's transition is more dramatic than first appears for in epic India a woman had very few life options, thus a disastrous marriage meant that she was as good as dead. Both Draupadi and sit~ cross forest thresholds similar to Damayanti's. The Pandava brothers and Rama also cross similar forest thresholds. Their movement from a state of peace to a state of war occurs primarily during the forest exiles common to both epics. Finally, while they dwell in the forest threshold, the epic religious heroes and heroines par excellence, the tapas-doing ascetics, move from a state of existence in which they are subject to death to a state of immortality. This last process, the movement from mundane, profane sphere to sacred sphere, provides a pattern useful for further understanding the forest activities of Rama and the Pandavas.

In studying these various movements between states of existence, characteristics of the threshold phase of these processes emerge. In the case of Pandava the dynamic movement of the threshold is stressed, celibacy, communists, pilgrimage and the intersection of mythic and heroic planes are the central characteristics. In the case of Rama, when the more static ideal nature of the threshold is stressed, the dual modality of Nowhere and Source is the central characteristic. These characteristics themselves become tools with which to understand some of the intricacies of epic narrative.

More importantly by focusing on the forest, an essential difference between the Mahabharata and the Ramayana can be explored. And this is certainly one of the most important contributions of this study. Very few investigations have endeavored to treat both of the Hindu epics. The reasons for this are complex, but I suspect that to confront the whole of both epics is impossible because of their vastness, while to choose a perspective from which to see both epics simultaneously without trivializing is difficult. The forest in the Mahabharata and Ramayana provides a substantial perspective and thus a study of it is helpful in understanding the meanings of the Hindu epics.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Words and the Word: Art and Christianity in W.H. Auden's Later Poetry

contributor:
Petrie, Graham
English

subject:
christianity
poetry
W.H. Auden
Arts and Humanities
Classics
Religion

abstract:
This thesis focuses on W.H. Auden's last four major volumes of poetry: About the House (1965), City Without Walls (1969), Epistle to a Godson (1972) and the posthumous Thank You, Fog (1974). The later poetry has not drawn much scholarly attention or praise, and my study should go part way to redressing the balance.

My thesis is that Auden's Christianity profoundly affected every aspect of his later poetry, though most of it is not overtly religious. Many features peculiar to this poetry--the giving of praise for even the simplest things, the delight in words from the slangiest to the most esoteric, the love of challenging prosodic difficulties, and the comic and playful exuberance --are all influenced by (or are actually the result of) the practice of a form of Christianity known as the Affirmative Way. Two main elements of this Way are a concentration on the goodness of all creation and an attempt to see every aspect of existence in its relation to God. Auden manifests a counterbalancing asceticism in aesthetic matters, however, in his rejection of mellifluousness for its own sake, of the pleasures and self-indulgence of 11 Confessional 11 writings, of the excitements of hierophantic utterance, and of any idea or element of style he felt to be subversive of the truth.

The attempt to find the dynamic and necessary link between an expansive vision of life and the guidance of a vigorous discipline is the keynote to Auden's career. It extends into all the antinomies around which his thought was organized, and for which he attempted to discover reconciliations --the "Spirit" of Christian love and the "Letter" of Mosaic law; freedom and necessity; history and nature; the subject ego and the predicate self within each person; soul and body; and, though hardly exhausting what could be a very long list, the words of man and the Logos, the Word of God. All this is reflected in Auden's love of writing within the restrictions of formal verse patterns, and Auden takes the idea of patterning one step further by organizing three of his later volumes into fairly complex, overall structures. These are all designed to frame a particular element of the Christian story, and again reveal the extent of Auden's desire to make his words bear witness to the Word. (

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Motherhood: Gender Identities and Gendered Selves

contributor:
Matthews, R.
Sociology

subject:
motherhood
gender
selves
identity
Community-based Research
Demography, Population, and Ecology
Family, Life Course, and Society
Gender and Sexuality
Sociology
Community-based Research

abstract:
This thesis looks at the experience of motherhood among a sample of full-time employed mothers of pre-school children in the Metro Toronto region. The perceived costs, rewards and meaning of being a mother of young children are explored. The focus of analysis is on identity. The data show how, along with the increased workload, motherhood also provided opportunities for women to claim personal growth and development and to constitute themselves as 'morally' enhanced persons.

The processes whereby women were 'recruited' to motherhood varied by social class and were often subjectively experienced as tentative or problematic. The data show how motherhood did not simply express gender identity as is often argued, but it allowed women to achieve a gendered identity. That is, the social organization of parenting was a profoundly socializing experience that produced, and not merely reflected, a gendered experience of self. Becoming a mother was both a gendered and engendered process whereby women came to a new sense of self. Thus, in contrast to the diversity in the ways women came to have children, women came to share experiences which transformed their identities in very similar ways. Women produced babies, but having babies produced 'womanly' persons.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Quaker Mobilization and Interregnum England: A So the Tithe-Controversy in Social-Psychological Study

contributor:
Greenspan, I.
Religious Studies

subject: england

subject: social

subject: psycholigical

subject: Practical Theology

subject: Religion

subject: Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion

subject: Practical Theology

abstract:
This dissertation interprets the origins and growth of per-Restoration Quakerism through concepts developed in social-psychology and the sociology of religion. It argues that previous attempts to interpret Quakerism through psychological or mystical perspectives fail to locate the group in its socio-historical setting, and therefore these interpretations provide inadequate explanations of the group and its most prominent personality, George Fox. By utilizing, however, the social-psychological theory of "relative deprivation," the dissertation both explains the origins of Quakerism's religious ideology, and shows how its members' sense of felt deprivation determined the group's decisions about allocating economic and personal resources in an anti-tithe campaign.

Briefly stated, the central argument of the study is that the Quakers felt frustration and resentment toward the victorious Puritans (post 1648) whom they believed had failed to implement a series of promised social and political reforms, including tithe-abolition. In fact, the 3roup emerged among religious and political radicals who felt particularly resentful over the continuation of the state-supported tithe system, and Quakerism launched a vehement campaign to have governmental officials abolish tithes at the same time that it encouraged people to withhold payment of them.

Quakerism's anti-tithe campaign generated a number of staunch opponents, however, and the dissertation uses the concept of 11 relative deprivation" to explain their reaction to the group. These fearful opponents felt deprived relative to the social conditions that would be imposed if the Quakers were to succeed in achieving their goal of tithe-abolition, since many of them were tithe-receivers themselves.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Concept and Practice in Community Mobilization for Health: A Qualitative Evaluation of the Brantford COMMIT Smoking Cessation Intervention Trial

contributor:
J.D. Eyles, S.M. Taylor
Geography

subject:
smoking
mobile health
Brantford
Geography
Human Geography
Geography

abstract:
The Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) was one of the largest health promotion interventions in North America. Using 11 pairs of matched intervention and control communities, the U.S. National Cancer Institute sought to establish the viability of a community-based approach to smoking cessation, with the expectation of significant impacts on cessation rates amongst heavy smokers during the four years of intervention.

The evaluation components of the COMMIT trial relied primarily on the use of surveys to document quantitative changes in attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. A complementary ancillary qualitative evaluation was conducted by the author in the only Canadian intervention site in the trial in Brantford, Ontario. Depth interviews and focus groups were conducted with 45 members of a Smokers' Network established by COMMIT. Subsequently, 35 intervention staff, researchers and community influential were interviewed. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using qualitative analysis software.

Several objectives guided the qualitative evaluation study in Brantford: 1) establish the degree to which the COMMIT met the needs of smokers for assistance in quitting; 2) identify the factors that inhibited or facilitated program success; and 3) consider the implications for community mobilization for smoking cessation. Findings in each of these areas are discussed.

This work seeks to contribute to knowledge development in health promotion at the level of theory and method, as well as substantively in terms of the design and implementation of community health promotion interventions. A critical-interpretive methodology is advanced as being consistent with the 'new' health promotion, based on a review of the literature on social theory which also argues for an explicit critical and emancipatory orientation to theory and practice in health promotion. These approaches are applied to the examination of a community-level smoking cessation intervention. Chapter 9 contains a critical sociological examination of the nature of tobacco control, drawing upon the work of Goffman.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Macro-Economic Influences on Urban Employment Patterns -An Input-Output Analysis

contributor:
Denton, Frank T.
Economics

subject:
macro economics
urban employment patterns
input and output
Economics
Growth and Development
Labor Economics
Macroeconomics
Economics

abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the influence on urban employment patterns of changes in demand for commodities by foreign and domestic consumers. Foreign induced changes in commodity demand are reflected in this study by assumed changes in exports of selected comma-· dity groupss ranging from relatively unprocessed groups such as grain, to sophisticated groups such as electrical products and chemicals. The domestic sources of commodity demand change considered in this study are various components of current expenditure by the federal government on health, education and defense programs, as well as on total government expenditure. The influence of these sources of final demand change is traced to the employed populations of Montreal and Toronto metropolitan areas, and the component districts of these urban areas. An important concern is with whether or not some shocks tend to alleviate or accentuate existing unemployment rate disparities between the central city and fringe of Montreal and Toronto. A national input-output system, together with an appended employment allocation matrix is utilized to estimate the urban employment impacts. The area impacts differ because, on the one hand, employment in some industries is affected more than in others, depending on the particular source of final demand change assumed, and on the other hand the proportion of an area's employed population affiliated with a given industry tends to differ from that of other areas. Before implementing the model the latter proposition~ concerning inter-area differences in industrial affiliation pattern of the employed) is supported by theoretical reasoning and empirical analysis. Theoretically different industries have different locational preferences in an urban area, as a result of factors related to technology, cost of production, and market access. Combined with the theoretical assumption concerning minimization of cost and/or distance of travel to work, area differences in the proportion of workers affiliated with a given industry is implied. This hypothesis is not rejected by analysis of variance experiments based on the pattern of male and female employed populations residing in districts of Montreal and Toronto. Adjusted census statistics on the employed population are used in these experiments the adjustment being required in order to make the urban portion of the model consistent with the 1961 input-output system. Implementation of the model reveals that the metropolitan areas of Montreal and Toronto are influenced to similar degrees by the assumed changes in various components of final demand, but that certain sub-metro areas were affected more than others. There is a tendency for suburban and wealthier areas to be affected more than central and less affluent districts though there are important exceptions. Some components of final demand change tend to accentuate existing intra-urban unemployment disparities. It is finally shown how the area impact disaggregated by subpopulation can be used to identify structural factors responsible for inter-area differences in the total impact. The disaggregated impacts also reveal qualitative, or distributional aspects of the aggregate impacts and thus may be of interest to urban planners. It is possibles for example, to check if female or male employees, affiliated with a lower paying industry group, and resident in a relatively poor district of the city, is influenced more than average by a particular type of final demand change. The limitations and possible extensions are finally reviewed. One limitation involves the assumption that given the industry, subpopulations of the employed are discharged at similar rates when there is a fall in product demand. The theory treating labour as a quasifixed factor implies that the lower grades of labour would be discharged at higher rates than the higher grades. Any bias due to the omission of this effect would reinforce the results related to intra-urban unemployment rate disparities, however. Future research suggested by this study include incorporation of the discriminatory discharge effect into the model and further disaggregation of the work force of industries according to occupation or income group.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: From Suffrage to Internationalism: '!he Impact of the Great War on Sane Edwardian Warren

contributor:
Rempel, R. A.
History

subject:
history
internationalism
Edwardian
Arts and Humanities
Cultural History
History
History of Gender
Labor History
Medieval History
Other History
Social History
Women's History
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
'!his thesis traces the political evolution of a number of Edwardian women activists. '!he careers of the three women who are central to this work, Kathleen Courtney, catherine Marshall and Helena swanwick, illustrate the developing political consciousness of this second generation of feminists who built upon the work of their Victorian predecessors. The leadership and inspiration of the three women, which began in the suffrage movement, took a new direction in 1914. With the outbreak of war, they turned their efforts to peace work. The refusal of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies to support this new cause led to a realignment of forces when the dissenting members, led by the three, joined the ranks of men and women, particularly in the labour movement and the Union of Democratic Control, dedicated to seeking the peaceful resolution of international disputes. the opportunity to combine work for peace and suffrage was provided in April 1915 with the establishment of a new women's organization at the Congress held at the Hague. the British section of this new body was the Wanen' s International League. This organization became at once an integral part of the national peace movement, while retaining its identity as an women's organization. the purpose of the WIL was two-fold: one was to secure an errluring peace; the other, to educate women for citizenship. '!his war-time advocacy of a new basis for international relations led to a life-long contentment to internationalism for Courtney Marshall and Swanwick.

Although in the short time they failed. in their objective of revolutionizing international relations, they did effect some enduring achievements. '!hey contributed to popularizing the idea of a league of Nations. Above all, they pressed successfully, sane steps further along the road, their claim to equal--citizenship for women.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Dynamic Simulation of Large Stiff Systems in a Modular Simulation Framework

contributor:
Johnson, A.I.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
"DYNSYS" is a digital simulation package for modelling the dynamic behaviour and automatic control of complex industrial systems. An acronym for Dynamic Systems Simulator, it was developed in the late 1960s in the chemical engineering department at McMaster University, The underlying principle of "DYNSYS" is that of modularity; i.e., the user assembles mathematical models of process units and control devices to build the process whose transient behaviour is to be studied. A fundamental aspect of dynamic simulation is the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations (o.d.e.s). The original version of "DYNSYS" used a third order Adams-Moulton-Shell routine; however, this is not sufficient to handle stiff systems, i.e., systems where the time constants differ greatly in magnitude. In chemical engineering, stiff o.d.e.s occur widely in reaction kinetics and to some extent in multistage systems.

Conventional numerical techniques are restricted by stability to using a very small step size resulting in large computer times. There have been many new numerical techniques published in the recent literature directed at the efficient numerical solution of systems of stiff o.d.e.s. A literature survey of these has been made.

Numerical testing of several methods indicated Gear's method to be superior. It is a variable order, variable step, linear, multistep method.

Most stiff techniques are implicit and require a technique such as Newton-Raphson iteration to converge. Each iteration involves the solution of a system of linear algebraic equations (usually sparse) equal in size to the number of o.d.e.s. For a large stiff system, this requires considerable computer time. Various sparse linear equation solvers have been evaluated and that a Bending and Hutchinson appears to be the most efficient. Their routine stores and operates on only the nonzero elements of the equations. When the equations are solved for the first time, a string of integers called the "operator list" is created which stores the particular solution process by Gaussian elimination. If the system is re-solved using the operator list, the amount of computer time required is greatly diminished. If the zero elements remain zero and the nonzero elements change, the same "operator list" can be used to solve the new system. This is essentially what occurs during the numerical integration. The operator list could be set up on the first integration step and used on later steps to solve each new linear system.

Gear's integration algorithm in conjunction with the Bending-Hutchinson linear equation solve has been implemented into DYNSYS version 2.0. An option for stiff systems with tridiagonal Jacobian matrix is also included. The procedure for writing module is outlined.

Four small examples are presented to illustrate the new executive:

(1) The level control of a stirred tank system (nonstiff) with time delay.

(2) A network of 15 stirred tank reactors, stiff and nonstiff, 2 o.d.e.s per reactor.

(3) A tubular reactor with 222 stiff o.d.e.s. resulting from the discretization of the partial differential equations.

(4) A tubular reactor with 49 stiff o.d.e.s with tridiagonal Jacobian matrix.

A simulation of a fictitious chemical plant proposed by Williams and Otto is also described.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Eighteenth-Century Oriental Tales of Eliza Haywood, Frances Sheridan and Ellis Cornelia Knight

contributor:
Morton, Richard
English

subject:
18th century
eliza hawood
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
The Oriental tale in the eighteenth century was a very popular form which has been ignored until fairly recently. Furthermore, woman's contribution to this popular but marginalized form has been almost utterly neglected. Beginning with Eliza Haywood's Adventures of Eovaai. Princess of Iiaveo, through Frances Sheridan's History of Nouriahad and concluding with Ellis Cornelia Knight's Dinarbas; A Tale Being£:!: Continuation of Rasselas, Prince gfAbissinia, this study chronologically follows the rise of the domestic woman in the decidedly undomestic Oriental tale as these three authors negotiate genre, their culture and their gender through the writing of Oriental tales.

The Oriental tales as written by these women represent an opposing voice to developing literary realism so beloved of the middle classes. While Oriental tales are at least partially reactionary in their inflection of earlier romance conventions, they are also as necessary as realism for the development of capitalism: capitalism relies not only on an ethic of saving, generally associated with realism, but also on an ethic of spending. Emphasizing sumptuous description and luxury, they reinforce expenditures, which punctuate periods of working and saving, and women are absolutely central in the development and construction of their culture through their writing and through their gender association with consumption for their culture.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Complete Book: An Investigation of the Development of William Morris's Aesthetic Theory and Literary Practice

contributor:
Sigman, J. T.
English

subject:
english
lit
William morris
Arts and Humanities
History
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
William Morris has for many years now been considered a minor figure in Victorian literature. His poetry, which enjoyed immense popularity in the nineteenth century, has become unfashionable, and his prose writings, which have never been popular except with a few poets seem very widely underestimated in academic circles~ even where they are read at all. On the other hand, his fabrics and wall-paper designs have never been more popular, and he is still quite well-known as a political figure, with the result that these aspects have dominated most writing on him since the Second World War, while his literary work has been largely ignored, or only treated by critics in other fields who have not felt themselves qualified to appraise his work in this area on any scale.

This lack of concern for Morris's literary work, and particularly for his prose romances, which have been most unjustly neglected, has come about chiefly through two factors: the changes in taste which have caused twentieth century critics to be chiefly interested in lyric poetry and in the novel, instead of in narrative poetry and in the prose romance; and the resulting ignorance about the conventions of these genres which have led them to judge Morris's work by inappropriate norms. That Morris's work is relevant to the twentieth century is shown by the new non-academic revival of interest in his prose romances, and it seemed that the time had come when a serious attempt should be made to understand just what Morris was trying to do in his poetry and prose, and how far he succeeded.

This thesis attempts therefore to distinguish a line of development in Morris's aesthetic theory, working from his writings on art and on literature, to analyse that development, and to apply it to his literary work. The thesis thus falls into five parts: a section which deals with critical attitudes to Morris and the break-down of suitable critical terminology for judging his work which has brought about his present low status; two sections setting out Morris's aesthetic theory in design-work and literature; and two sections in which this theory is related to his literary achievements in the earlier and the later work. This means that the thesis considers at least briefly most of Morris's literary production, but main areas of concentration are on the early prose tales, The Earthly Paradise, and the late prose romances. The resulting picture of Morris's theory and practice shows how his thought and art, modified by the needs of his political ideals, developed from his early naive work in design and literature towards a much more sophisticated art, which can be read on a number of levels, in which his wide knowledge of myth and legend and his own symbol-system taken from the world of nature blend in equal parts.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Fellowship of Reconciliation 1914-1945

contributor:
Rempel, R. E.
History

subject:
history
1914-1945
Arts and Humanities
Cultural History
History
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
The present study is an attempt to describe and explain the institutional history and intellectual discussions of the Fellowship of Reconciliation in Britain during the period 1914-1945. Since its inception on December 31, 1914, the FOR has commonly been described by historians and other authors as an interdenominational Christian pacifist organization. Yet, the establishment and maintenance of peace was not the ultimate aim of the founding members. What they envisioned was the establishment of the Kingdom of God. Peace, they argued, would be an indubitable consequence of the Kingdom. However, FOR members often did not agree with one another about the method by which the Kingdom could be inaugurated. During the period discussed in this thesis, the FOR gradually narrowed its focus. From striving to achieve the Kingdom of God, which encompassed all aspects of life, the Fellowship shifted its attention to what are generally regarded as matters pertaining primarily to pacifism. By the advent of World War II, however, the wider perception of the FOR's mission had been reasserted by many members.

This pendular movement is described in the four parts of the thesis. Part I looks at the matrix out of which the FOR grew, the gestation period, the nature of the envisaged Kingdom, the growth and the activities of the Fellowship until the end of World War I. Part II, covering the period 1919-1929, surveys the FOR's internal struggles, the changing theological climate and the Fellowship's attempts, however unsuccessful, at creating a new society. During the 1930s, described in Part III, the FOR was largely a single issue interdenominational Christian pacifist organization, providing the churches and other pacifist organizations with a vast amount of literature on pacifism. During the second world war, discussed in Part IV, the FOR entered a new phase which yet invites comparison to 1914. The publications and activities, especially those of the second half of the war, readily recall the original FOR vision.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Studies in the Style of Phaedrus

contributor:
Shepherd, D. H.
Roman Studies

subject:
Classics
Italian Language and Literature
Classics

abstract:
These at times somewhat mathematical studies are not intended as a complete survey of the style of Phaedrus' Fables, but represent, it is hoped, useful contribution to our knowledge of the work of an otherwise rather obscure figure.

I. Phaedrus seems often to have used haterodyne ("ictus"accent clash) effectively to convey agitation, surprise, speed, and the like, and homodyne to convey the opposite, though there is no good evidence of patterning like that knight thought to have found in the Aenid. (The predominance of heterodyne in the mock-tragic 4.7.6-16 is however, probably due to factors of genre.)

II. (There is less va:riation in prota.gotists in the second part of book 1 than in the first-- this is a field for durther investigation)

Verse-endings are repeated less and less in the later books in a fairly smooth progression which supports the present order.

III. Words occurring only once in Phaedrus' work are relatively rare in book 1 and in prologues and epilogues. Poems high in such "once-words" tend not to be beast fables and are on average longer, while poems low in these words, when not prologues or epilogues, are beast-fables or jokes.

IV. Phaedru.s' use of Greek words increased with time, but this largely be due to a. change in the type of poems. Possible particular occasions for using Greek words (apart from unavoidable instances, such as the names of certain animals) seem to be insincerity/ deceit, riches, glorification, hyperbole, Greek settings, and possibly alliteration. Phaedrus introduced few new Greek words, if any, and the overall proportion of Greek words in his vocabulary is low in comparison with other poets.

V. Phaedrus uses "unpoetic" words to a fairly high degree, though less frequently in narrative than in direct speech and personal material. He also has some words characteristic of poetry and shows sensitivity to certain "rules" of poetic speech, and his vocabulary could not be confused with that of a prose-author. Not unexpectedly, he is closer in vocabulary to "low" poetry (such as satire) than to "high" poetry (Such as epic).

VI. Phaedrus seems to have been conscious of certain rhyming effects or homoeoteleuta, notably between the final 'words of successive verses (a type he cultivated in book 4 especially, but seems to have avoided in book 5).

VII. Alliteration is generally used sparingly by Phaedrus, who seems to have avoided extreme concentration of alliterative verses. It occurs with slightly greater frequency in narrative, and also appears to have been employed somewhat less in Phaedrus' middle work generally. There is some indication of preference for particulr alliterative patterns (e.g. avoidance of the concentric pattern).

VIII. Only tentative observations are possible on the structure, if any, of the books. The numerical approach seems somewhat more promising than the thematic (book. 5 in its present form is numerically balanced).

IX. About one eighth of Phaedrus' poems are exactly seven verses long, ®d this may have represented for him an ideal minimum length. Babrius, on the other hand, does not favour this length, but shows instead a strong preference for even numbers of verses. Avienus' poems do not vary greatly in length, but do not favour any exact figure.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Pageant of Empire: Paul Scott's The Raj Quartet and Related Versions of Imperialism in the Anglo-Indian Novel

contributor:
Aziz, Maqbool
English

subject:
empire
Raj Quartet
Anglo-Indian
Imperialism
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
Although Paul Scott is a successor to other Anglo-Indian novelists, his literary reputation is unjustly -overshadowed, particularly by E.M. Forster's. Scott's epic novel, The Raj Ouartet and its sequel, Staying on, provide a pointed indictment of the human costs of British imperialism from a British point-of-view, both employing and undermining the standard themes and conventions of the Anglo-Indian novel. A complex and repeated series of images and symbols diagnoses the pathological state of the Raj at its moment of collapse. Scott's Anglo-India is trapped In a mythical Edwardian era of imperial certainty, rather than in the contemporary political reality of Indians· insistence on their right to self-rule.

The current weakness of the Raj is that it is riven from within; the novel explores such issues as race and class, and points to the conflicts between, and paradoxes of, liberal and conservative imperial policies and ideologies. The Anglo-Indians· circumscribed sense of place, their attitudes to language, and their limited view of history expose the ultimate destructiveness of imperialism for those subjected to it.

Scott's achievement notwithstanding, the uncritical and apolit1cal academ1c study of h1s novels and other novels about lnd1a overshadows the literary achievements of Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi writers writing in English, permits continued ignorance and devaluing of the vast diversity of literature's in Indian languages, and continues to perpetuate the damagingly false images and attitudes about India which sustained the imperial venture in the first place.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Wordsworth as Pastoral Poet

contributor:
Sigman, J.
English

subject:
poet
Wordsworth
Pastoral
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
Wordsworth is a mythopoeic or mythmaking poet. While the fell-sides, sheep-folds, and mountain roads of Cumberland-Westmorland provide an external reality in which his dramas can unfold, and while the shepherds, fell-folk, and travellers offer him the dramatis personae to people this natural stage, the drama is also, and perhaps even more so, an inner psychological ritual played upon the stage of Wordsworth's psyche, and the actors are just as much gods and goddesses and titans, representing the psychic forces which come into play in the various stages of his spiritual progress, as they are people.

If one is to see this drama clearly, then, one must adjust one's eyesight as well to the dark inner landscape of the psyche in order to realize the full scope and quality of Wordsworth's pastoral. As he plainly warns us in the Preface to the 1814 Excursion, we must look

Into our Minds, into the Mind of Man-My haunt, and the main region of my song.

Those people who, by their own unwitting habit, see only the outer landscape--the outer light of consciousness is so bright that they fail to see the shadows--will have only a one-dimensional view of his poetry, for, like all Titans, Wordsworth is a creature of the caves and mountain bases, and a good portion of him is inside and underground.

In the earlier and more real part of his poetic career--the period of Lyrical Ballads, the fell-side tragedies, the 1805 Prelude--Wordsworth knows the true source of his energy, speaks and acts like a true son of Mother Earth, like a Prometheus unbound, and defends her interests as he knows how to do. The poetry is rich, insightful, and positive. There is noticeable, however, even as early as the 1805 Prelude, a conflict of allegiance developing in his work in which he reveals a being at odds with himself because his ego--with its illusions about human perfection and its unrealistic evaluation of himself as an epic poet with mastery over an external and public order of truth--is totally ignorant of another Wordsworth which is sleeping and unconscious--a source from which he needs to find out that life and people are imperfect and from which he could understand that his talents or propensities were better suited to pastoral--an internal and private order of experience.

Such a conflict, if not healed by a fruitful communication between the two parts of his personality, can result in unhealthy polarization and even in disaster for his entire being. Wordsworth may have avoided disaster for a time by taking some cognizance of the pressures of his mortal or animal self and by adjusting his viewpoint to some extent to allow for its needs. But, obviously, he has not understood the warning of his unconscious (Dream of the Arab in Book V, and the Simplon Pass passage of Book VI, of The Prelude) soon enough or fully enough, for, instead of compensating for his excess idealism, he turns upon the oracle of his truth as though she were his enemy, and sets up exaggerated ego defences against her, secretly dreading her power. He gains a certain amount of outer security at the price of inner security and the death of his imagination.

The Excursion (1814) illustrates the retrogressed and negative view of life he has come to hold as a result of his distrust and fear of the imaginative life, and also reveals him as almost totally unfit for any kind of epic endeavor or poetry aiming at a social and external order of truth.

Since Wordsworth, as a poet, presumes to steal fire from heaven while he is grounded in the fire of the inferno-. tries to be an epic poet when he is really a pastoral one-he is caught at the deadly point of opposition between the warring principles of life, is fused and turned into stone, a Prometheus bound for his presumption, no longer having an inner life of his own or fighting for the truth of suffering humanity, but sounding hollowly as the oracle or propagandist of the otherworldly wisdom of the sky gods or aristocrats. For the balance of his long life, he is nothing but a fallen one, a titan groaning under the weight of the world, a "voice of ruin" unable to do anything but echo the barren clich6s of reactionary authority.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Old Believers of Berezovka

contributor:
Hallpike, Christopher R.
Anthropology

subject:
Berezovka
Anthropology
Old believers
Anthropology
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Anthropology

abstract: This thesis describes a community of Russian Old Believers in the province of Alberta. In order to introduce this relatively unknown religious minority, the largely ethnographic account presents a picture of the residents' history, economy, kinship, political organization, and cosmology. In view of the great influence of religious views and values on the lifestyle of the Old Believers, particular attention is paid to their 'religious culture'. This realm is examined historically, and attention is drawn to the continued importance of symbols of orthodoxy whose roots are embedded in Byzantine and Muscovite traditions. Especially striking is the interdependence between religious orthodoxy and physical purity, which is indicative of a symbiotic relationship between the home and the church. It is suggested that the lack of priesthood and proper sacraments has been overcome by the local Old Believers owing to the ability to compensate for this loss with an increase in domestic purity. This interpretation of the connection between the core and the periphery of the religious culture leads to the hypothesis that the proverbial 'ritualism' of the Old Believers derives not so much from 'blind traditionalism' as from an interdependence between ritual and dogma whose extent has been unrecognized by most commentators.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Analysis of Language in the Poetry of Dylan Thomas

contributor:
Ferns, John H.
English

subject:
language
poetry
Dylan Thomas
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
Dylan Thomas belongs to an exclusive group, the Anglo-Welsh poets, who, throughout most of English literary history, have either chosen or have been compelled to write in English rather than in Welsh, a situation which offers someone interested in language analysis an opportunity to study its several implications. Perhaps, in the not too distant future, the way in which human beings think and learn a language will be satisfactorily determined. In what language does a bi-lingual person think? Does a human being think in words or pictures? What emotive value do words possess? Is there an on-going tension between the first language and the acquired language or languages, or, as in Thomas' case, the first family language which he could not speak fluently and the alien language which became his lingua franca? To what extent do the latent influences such as personal associations, family background, interests, ancestry, ultimately affect the nature of writing? At present, in the world of critical thought on these subjects, we are still "on a darkling plain" where "ignorant armies clash by night".

Literary critics have often dismissed Dylan Thomas' poetry, and particularly his figurative language, as excessively esoteric and complex. This study will, I hope, go some way to meet this criticism by examining in some detail the dynamics of Thomas' diction, metaphor, and symbolism, as necessary components of a style that is both original and essential to the manifestation of a truly private metaphysical vision. In this study I will attempt to identify the elements that characterize his style: in short, to establish why his poems are the way they are.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Reason and Faith in Kierkegaard's Authorship

contributor: Dr. Louis Greenspan, Dr. John C. Robertson, Dr. Ben F. Meyer

subject:
faith
religion
Kierkegaard
authorship
Arts and Humanities
Religion
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
This thesis deals with Soren Kierkegaard's understanding of reason and· faith. Whereas the reader may be unfamiliar with his works, I have elected to begin my discussion with an introduction to their authorship. Bringing knowledge of the authorship to bear on the question at hand, I aim to elucidate the respective viewpoints of three of Kierkegaard's pseudonymous authors, namely: Johannes de Silentio, Johannes Climacus and Johannes Anti-Climacus.

Summarizing these three presentations finally with reference to the major autographic works, including his Journals and Papers, I aim to clarify Kierkegaard's point of view and understanding respecting the nature of reason and faith and their relation in a Christian's life.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)