title: The relation of attentional, emotional, and social regulation to cognitive competence, from infancy to school entry

subject:
Attention.
Control (Psychology)
Cognition.
Child psychology.

abstract:
Recent research on the sources of cognitive competence in infancy and
early childhood has highlighted the role of social and emotional factors (for
example, Lewis, 1993b). Exploring the roots of competence requires a
longitudinal and multivariate approach. To deal with the resulting
complexity, potentially integrative theoretical constructs are required. One
logical candidate is self-regulation. Three key developmental questions were
the focus of this investigation. 1) Does infant self-regulation (attentional,
emotional, and social) predict preschool cognitive competence? 2) Does
infant self-regulation predict preschool self-regulation? 3) Does preschool
self-regulation predict concurrent preschool cognitive competence? One
hundred preschoolers (46 females, 54 males; mean age = 5 years, 11 months)
who had participated at 9- and/ or 12-months of age in an object permanence
task were recruited to participate in this longitudinal investigation. Each
subject completed four scales of the WPPSI-R and two social cognitive tasks.
Parents completed questionnaires about their preschoolers' regulatory
behaviours (Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist [1991] and selected items
from Eisenberg et ale [1993] and Derryberry & Rothbart [1988]). Separate
behavioural coding systems were developed to capture regulatory capabilities
in infancy (from the object permanence task) and preschool (from the WPPSIR
Block Design). Overall, correlational and multiple regression results
offered strong affirmative answers to the three key questions (R's = .30 to .38),
using the behavioural observations of self-regulation. Behavioural
regulation at preschool substantially predicted parental reports of regulation,
but the latter variables did not predict preschool competence. Infant selfregulation
and preschool regulation made statistically independent
contributions to competence, even though regulation at Time 1 and Time 2
ii
were substantially related. The results are interpreted as supporting a
developmental pathway in which well-regulated infants more readily acquire
both expertise and more sophisticated regulatory skills. Future research
should address the origins of these skills earlier in infancy, and the social
contexts that generate them and support them during the intervening years.


title: The relationship between stem-form, stand-closure and site -conditions : the influence of environmental conditions on tree allometry and forest structure in west-central Alberta

subject: Allometry. Trees--Habitat--Alberta. Trees--Alberta--Growth.

abstract:
Changes in the configuration of a tree stern result insignificant
differences in its total volume and in the proportion
of that volume that is merchantable timber. Tree allometry, as
represented by stem-fo~, is the result of the vertical force of
gravity and the horizontal force of wind. The effect of wind force
is demonstrated in the relationship between stem-form, standclosure
and site-conditions. An increase in wind force on the
individual tree due to a decrease in stand density should produce
a more tapered tree. The density of the stand is determined by the
conditions that the trees are growing under. The ability of the
tree to respond to increased wind force may also be a function of
these conditions . This stem-form/stand-closure/site-conditions
relationship was examined using a pre-existing database from westcentral
Alberta. This database consisted of environmental,
vegetation, soils and timber data covering a wide range of sites.
There were 653 sample trees with 82 variables that formed the basis
of the analysis. There were eight tree species consisting of Pinus
contorta, Picea mariana, Picea engelmannii x glauca, Abies
lasiocarpa, Larix laricina, Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera
and Populus balsamifera plus a comprehensive all-species data set.
As the actual conformation of the stern is very individual,
stem-fo~was represented by the diameter at breast height to total
height r~tio. The four stand-closure variables, crown closure,
total basal area, total volume and total number of stems were
reduced to total basal area and total number of stems utilizing a
bivariate correlation matrix by species. Site-conditions were subdivided
into macro, meso and micro variables and reduced in number
3
using cross-tabulations, bivariate correlation and principal components
analysis as screening tools. The stem-fo~/stand-closure
relationship was examined using bivariate correlation coefficients
for stem-fo~ with total number of stems and stem-fo~ with total
basal area. The stem-fo~/site-conditions and the stand-closure/site-
conditions relationships were examined using multiple correlation
coefficients. The stem-form/stand-closure/site-conditions
relationship was examined using multiple correlation coefficients
in separate analyses for both total number of stems and total basal
area.
An increase in stand-closure produced a decrease in stem-form
for both total number of stems and total basal area for most
species. There was a significant relationship between stem-form
and site-conditions and between stand-closure and site-conditions
for both total number of stems and total basal area for most
species. There was a significant relationship between the stemform
and site-conditions, including the stand-closure, for most
species; total number of stems was involved independently of the
site-conditions in the prediction of stem-form and total basal area
was not. Larix laricina and Betula papyrifera were the exceptions
to the trends observed with most species.
The influence of both stand-closure (total number of stems in
particular) and site-conditions (elevation in particular) suggest
that forest management practices should include these- ecological
parameters in determining appropriate restocking levels.


title: The relationship between creativity and moral judgment

contributor: Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education

subject:
Creative thinking
Judgment (Ethics)

abstract:
A sample of 50 male and female subjects ranging
in age from 12 to 73 were divided into three groups according
to the scale of maturity of moral judgment developed
by Lawrence Kohlberg. Subjects were also tested on a measure
of creativity developed by Torrance after the formulations
of Guilford in order to test the hypothesis that the re^-
lationship between creativity and maturity of moral judgment
is curvilinear. Researchers have failed to develop any
working hypothesis concerning the relationship between
creativity and moral judgment or postulate any consistent
theoretical framework concerning the possible relationship
between these two constructs. The empirical investigation
involved a scientific testing of a random selection of
elementary subjects9 high school adolescents, and creative
adults. Tests included Kohlberg8s Moral dilemmas and
Guilford's Product Improvement Task.
A trend analysis was conducted to reveal whether or
not a curvilinear relationship existed between the independent
variable (Moral Maturity Stages) and the de~
pe dent variable (creativity performance under each level).
Curvilinear trends were observed in two out of four
creativity subscales but were not statistically significant.
It was concluded that these contradictory findings
were due to the relatively small number of subjects tested,
the narrow range or moral judgment scores, and the limited
conception of creativity defined by the creativity measure
used (The Product Improvement Task).
It was suggested that an instrument assessing an
identity status would be most useful as well as a creativity
measure better suited for a theory of creativity essentially
developmental in perspective.


title: The relationship of faith and reason in Kierkegaard's philosophy (with almost constant reference to the Postscript and the Fragments)

subject:
Christianity--Philosophy.
Faith and reason.


title: Thermoacclimatory variations in the activities of enzymes implicated in ion transport in the rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri

subject:
Rainbow trout.
Enzymes--Analysis.
Temperature--Physiological effect.
Ions.

abstract:
Two groups of rainbow trout were acclimated to 20 , 100 ,
and 18 o C. Plasma sodium, potassium, and chloride levels were
determined for both. One group was employed in the estimation
of branchial and renal (Na+-K+)-stimulated, (HC0 3-)-stimulated,
and CMg++)-dependent ATPase activities, while the other was
used in the measurement of carbonic anhydrase activity in the
blood, gill and kidney. Assays were conducted using two
incubation temperature schemes. One provided for incubation
of all preparations at a common temperature of 2S oC, a value
equivalent to the upper incipient lethal level for this species.
In the other procedure the preparations were incubated at the
appropriate acclimation temperature of the sampled fish.
Trout were able to maintain plasma sodium and chloride
levels essentially constant over the temperature range employed.
The different incubation temperature protocols produced different
levels of activity, and, in some cases, contrary trends
with respect to acclimation temperature. This information was
discussed in relation to previous work on gill and kidney. The
standing-gradient flow hypothesis was discussed with reference
to the structure of the chloride cell, known thermallyinduced
changes in ion uptake, and the enzyme activities
obtained in this study. Modifications of the model of gill lon
uptake suggested by Maetz (1971) were proposed; high and low
temperature models resulting. In short, ion transport at the
gill at low temperatures appears to involve sodium and chloride
2
uptake by heteroionic exchange mechanisms working in association
w.lth ca.rbonlc anhydrase. G.l ll ( Na + -K + ) -ATPase and erythrocyte
carbonic anhydrase seem to provide the supplemental uptake
required at higher temperatures. It appears that the kidney
is prominent in ion transport at low temperatures while the
gill is more important at high temperatures.
3
Linear regression analyses involving weight, plasma ion
levels, and enzyme activities indicated several trends, the
most significant being the interrelationship observed between
plasma sodium and chloride. This, and other data obtained
in the study was considered in light of the theory that a
link exists between plasma sodium and chloride regulatory
mechanisms.


title: Thermoaclimatory variations in the microenvironment of hemoglobin in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri and the carp, Cyprinus carpio

subject:
Rainbow trout.
Carp.
Hemoglobin--Physiological effect.
Temperature--Physiological effect.

abstract:
Several inorganic substances (e.g., C£ , Mg , Ca , H ) are potent
negative modulators of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity. To evaluate the possibility
that potentially adaptive changes in the red cell ionic environment
of hemoglobin may take place during acclimation of fishes to increased
environmental temperature, hematological status (hemoglobin, hematocrit,
red cell numbers, mean erythrocytic volume and hemoglobin content), plasma
+ + 2+ 2+
and packed red cell electrolyte levels (Na , K , Ca , Mg , C£ ) were
evaluated in summer and winter populations of the stenothermal rainbow
trout, Salmo gairdneri, following acclimation to 2°, 10°, 18°C, and in a
spring population of eurythermal carp, Cyprinus carpio, held at 2°, 16°
and 30°C. From these data cell ion concentrations and ion:hemoglobin
ratios were estimated. In view of the role of red cell carbonic anhydrase
in the reductions of blood C02 tensions and the recruitment of Na and C£~
lost by fishes, a preliminary investigation of thermoacclimatory changes
in the activity of this system in rainbow trout erythrocytes was conducted.
Few changes in hematological status were encountered following
acclimation. There was, however, some evidence of weight-specific differential
hematological response in carp. This lead to markedly greater increases
in hemoglobin, hematocrit and red cell numbers in smaller rather
than in larger specimens at higher temperatures; variations which were
2+
well correlated with changes in plasma Ca .
Plasma composition in summer trout was not altered by acclimation.
In winter trout plasma Na and K increased at higher temperatures. Carp
were characterized by increases in plasma calcium, and reductions in sodium
and magnesium under these conditions. Several significant seasonal differences
in plasma ion levels were observed in the trout.
(n)
In trout, only erythrocytic K and K :Hb were altered by acclimation,
rising at higher temperatures. In carp Na , Na :Hb, C£~ and C£~:Hb in-
2+ 2+
creased with temperature, while Mg and Mg :Hb declined. Changes in
overall ionic composition in carp red cells were consistent with increases
in H content. In both species significant reciprocal variations in C£~
2+ - +
and Mg were found. In mammalian systems increases in C£ and H reduce
hemoglobin-oxygen affinity by interaction with hemoglobin. Reduction in
2+ 2+
Mg maximizes organophosphate modulator availability by decreasing ATP»Mg
complex formation. Thus, the changes observed may be of adaptive value in
reducing hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, and facilitating oxygen release to
cells at higher temperatures. Trout appear to maintain a high chloridelow
magnesium state over the entire thermal tolerance zone. Carp, however,
achieved this state only at higher temperatures.
In both species mean erythrocytic volume was decreased at higher
temperatures and this may facilitate branchial oxygen loading. Since
mean erythrocytic volume was inversely related to red cell ion content,
it is hypothesized that reductions in cell volume are achieved by export
of some unidentified solute or solutes.
Variations in the carbonic anhydrase activity that could be attributed
to the thermoacclimatory process were quite modest. On the other hand,
assays performed at the temperature of acclimation showed a large temperature
effect where under in vivo conditions of temperature fish acclimated to
higher temperatures might be expected to have higher activities. Furthermore,
since hematocrit increased with temperature in these fish, while
carbonic anhydrase is present only in the erythrocyte, the whole blood
levels of this enzyme are expected to increase and further augment the
temperature effect. This, in turn, could aid in the reduction of C02
(111)
tension and increase the production of H and HC0~~ used in the active
uptake of Na and C£ at higher temperatures.


title: Thermodynamic properties and Debye-Waller factor of fee materials

subject:
Crystal lattices.
Thermodynamics.
Phonons.

abstract:
We have calculated the equation of state and the various
thermodynamic properties of monatomic fcc crystals by minimizing the
Helmholtz free energy derived in the high temperature limit for the
quasiharmonic theory, QH, and the lowest-order (cubic and quartic), 'A2,
anharmonic terms of the perturbation theory, PT. The total energy in each
case is obtained by adding the static energy. The calculation of the thermal
properties was carried out for a nearest-neighbour central-force model of
the fcc lattice by means of the appropriate thermodynamic relations. We
have calculated the lattice constant, the thermal expansion, the coefficient
of volume expansion, the specific heat at constant volume and at constant
pressure, the isothermal and adiabatic bulk moduli, and the Griineisen
parameter, for the rare-gas solids Kr and Xe, and gold. Morse potential
and modified Morse potential were each used to represent the atomic
interaction for the three fcc materials.
For most of the calculated thermodynamic properties from the
QH theory, the results for Kr and Xe with the modified Morse potential
show an improvement over the results for the Morse potential when
compared with the experimental data. However, the results of the 'A 2
equation of state with the modified Morse potential are in good agreement
with experiment only in the case of the specific heat at constant volume and
at constant pressure. For Au we have calculated the lattice contribution
from the QH and 'A 2 PT and the electronic contribution to the thermal
properties. The electronic contribution was taken into account by using the
free electron model. The results of the thermodynamic properties
calculated with the modified Morse potential were similar to those obtained
with the Morse potential.
U sing the minimized equation of state we also calculated the
Mossbauer recoilless fraction for Kr and Xe and the Debye-Waller factor
(DWF) for Pb, AI, eu, Ag, and Au. The Mossbauer recoilless fraction was
obtained for the above two potentials and Lennard-Jones potential. The L-J
potential gives the best agreement with experiment for Kr. No
experimental data exists for Xe. At low temperature the calculated DWF
results for Pb, AI, and eu show a good agreement with experimental
values, but at high temperature the experimental DWF results increase very
rapidly. For Ag the computed values were below the expected results at all
temperatures. The DWF results of the modified Morse potential for Pb,
AI, eu and Ag were slightly better than those of the Morse potential. In
the case of Au the calculated values were in poor agreement with
experimental results.
We have calculated the quasiharmonic phonon dispersion
curves for Kr, Xe, eu, Ag, and Au. The calculated and experimental
results of the frequencies agree quite well for all the materials except for
Au where the longitudinal modes show serious discrepancies with the
experimental results. In addition, the two lowest-order anharmonic
contributions to the phonon frequency were derived using the Green's
function method. The A 2 phonon dispersion curves have been calculated
only for eu, and the results were similar to those of the QH dispersion
curves.
Finally, an expression for the Griineisen parameter "( has been
derived from the anharmonic frequencies, and calculated for these
materials. The "( results are comparable with those obtained from the
thermodynamic definition.


title: The role of vermiculite in the fixation of potassium in soils and the availability of potassium for vine nutrition in some Niagara vineyards

subject: Soils--Potassium content.

subject: Vermiculite--Ontario--Niagara Peninsula.

subject: Viticulture--Ontario--Niagara Peninsula.

subject: Grapes--Ontario--Niagara Peninsula.

subject: Potassium fertilizers--Ontario--Niagara Peninsula.

abstract:
The Niagara P e n i n s u l a Supports a f l o u r i s h i n g grape and wine
i n d u s t r y , where much of the potassium f e r t i l i z e r a p p l i e d to the vineyard
s o i l s may not show up in the f r u i t or vines but is fixed by the clay
m i n e r a l s in the s o i l . Soil samples were c o l l e c t e d on a n o r t h - s o u t h l i ne
through a high d e n s i t y of v i n e y a r d s and examined by x - r a y d i f f r a c t i o n to
determine the r e l a t i o n s h i p of potassium with r e s p e c t to c l a y minerals
p r e s e n t . The i n v e s t i g a t i o n shows the p h y l l o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s present
t o be i l l i t e , c h l o r i t e and v e r m i c u l i t e . The v e r m i c u l i t e p r e s e n t is not
t h e usual M g - v e r m i c u l i t e , but a K - v e r m i c u l i t e which can be c o n s i d e r e d as a
degraded i l l i t e - - t h a t i s , an i l l i t e which has l o s t potassium i o n s . The
r e s u l t i n g K - d e f i c i e n t mineral possesses a very l i m i t e d expansion l a t t i ce
and is capable of c a p t u r i n g potassium ions and c o n v e r t i n g back t o the
i l l i t e form. A g r i c u l t u r a l l y , t h i s causes potassium d e f i c i e n c y in p l a n t s.


title: The satellite band patterns in the near ultraviolet absorption spectra of isotopic compounds of acetaldehyde

subject:
Acetaldehyde.
Absorption spectra.
Ultraviolet spectra.

abstract:
The 3700 A - 3000 A absorption spectra of CH3CHO and its
isotopic compounds such as CH3CDO, CD3CHO and CD3CDO were
studied in the gas phase at room temperature and low
temperatures. The low resolution spectra of the compounds
were recorded by a 1.5 m Baush and Lomb grating spectrograph.
The high resolution spectra were recorded by a
Ebert spectrograph with the Echelle grating and the
holographic grating separately. The multiple reflection
cells were used to achieve the long path length. The
pressure-path length used for the absorption spectrum
of CH 3CHO was up to 100 mm Hg )( 91 . 43mo The emission
spectrum and the excitation spectrum of CH3CHO were also
recorded in this research. The calculated satellite
band patterns \vhich were ob-tailied by the method of Lewis
were used to compare with the observed near UV absorption
spectrum of acetaldehyde. These calculated satellite
band patterns belonged to two cases: namely, the barriers-in-phase case and the barriers- out-of-phase case.
Each of the calculated patterns corresponded to a
stable conformation of acetaldehyde in the excited
state . The comparisons showed that the patterns in
the observed absorption spectra corresponded to the
H-H eclipsed conformations of acetaldehyde in the
excited state . The least squares fitting analysis
showed that the barrier heights in the excited state
were higher than in the ground state. Finally,
the isotopic shifts for the isotopic compounds of
acetaldehyde were compared to the compounds with
the similar deuterium substitution.


title: The sedimentology of the lower Silurian whirlpool sandstone in subsurface Lake Erie, Ontario

subject:
Sandstone--Erie, Lake.
Geology, Stratigraphic|ySilurian.
Geology--Erie, Lake.
Sedimentology.

abstract:
The lower Silurian Whirlpool Sandstone is composed of two main units: a fluvial unit and
an estuarine to transitional marine unit. The lowermost unit is made up of sandy braided
fluvial deposits, in shallow valleys, that flowed towards the northwest. The fluvial channels
are largely filled by cross-bedded, well sorted, quartzose sands, with little ripple crosslaminated
or overbank shales.
Erosionally overlying this lower unit are brackish water to marine deposits. In the east,
this unit consists of estuarine channels and tidal flat deposits. The channels consist of fluvial
sands at the base, changing upwards into brackish and tidally influenced channelized
sandstones and shales. The estuarine channels flowed to the southwest. Westwards, the unit
contains backbarrier facies with extensive washover deposits. Separating the backbarrier
facies from shoreface sandstone facies to the west, are barrier island sands represented by
barrier-foreshore facies. The barrier islands are dissected by tidal inlets characterized by
fining upward abandonment sequences. Inlet deposits are also present west of the barrier
island, abandoned by transgression on the shoreface. The sandy marine deposits are replaced
to the west by carbonates of the Manitoulin Limestone.
During the latest Ordovician, a hiatus in crustal loading during the Taconic Orogeny led to
erosional offloading and crustal rebound, the eroded material distributed towards the west,
northwest and north as the terrestrial deposits of the fluvial Whirlpool. The "anti-peripheral
bulge" of the rebound interfered with the peripheral bulge of the Michigan Basin, nulling the
Algonquin Arch, and allowing the detritus of the fluvial Whirlpool to spread onto the
Algonquin Arch.
The Taconic Orogeny resumed in the earliest Silurian with crustal loading to the south and
southeast, and causing tilting of the surface slope in subsurface Lake Erie towards the
ii
southwest. Lowstand terrestrial deposits were scoured into the new slope. The new crustal
loading also reactivated the peripheral bulge of the Appalachian Basin, allowing it to interact
with the bulge of the Michigan Basin, raising the Algonquin Arch. The crustal loading
depressed the Appalachian basin and allowed transgression to occur. The renewed
Algonquin Arch allowed the early Silurian transgression to proceed up two slopes, one to the
east and one to the west. The transgression to the east entered the lowstand valleys and
created the estuarine Whirlpool. The rising arch caused progradation of the Manitoulin
carbonates upon shoreface facies of the Whirlpool Sandstone and upon offshore facies of the
Cabot Head Formation. Further crustal loading caused basin subsidence and rapid
transgression, abandoning the Whirlpool estuary in an offshore setting.


title: The sedimentology of the Bloomington fan complex: an element of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Southern Ontario

subject: Moraines--Ontario--Bloomington.

subject: Sediments (Geology)--Ontario--Bloomington.

subject: Sedimentation and deposition--Ontario--Bloomington.

abstract:
The Oak Ridges Moraine is a major physiographic feature of south-central
Ontario, extending from Rice Lake westward to the Niagara Escarpment. While
much previous work has largely postulated a relatively simple the origin of the
moraine, recent investigations have concentrated on delineating the discernible
glacigenic deposits (or landform architectural elements) which comprise the
complex mosaic of the Oak Ridges Moraine. This study investigates the
sedimentology of the Bloomington fan complex, one of the oldest elements of the
Oak Ridges Moraine.
The main sediment body of the Bloomington fan complex was deposited
during early stages of the formation of the Oak Ridges Moraine, when the ice
subdivided, and formed a confined, interlobate lake basin between the northern and
southern lobes. Deposition from several conduits produced a fan complex
characterized by multiple, laterally overlapping, fan bodies.
It appears that the fans were active sequentially in an eastward direction,
until the formation of the Bloomington fan complex was dominated by the largest
fan fed by a conduit near the northeastern margin of the deposit. Following
deposition of the fan complex, the northern and southern ice margins continued to
retreat, opening drainage outlets to the west and causing water levels to drop in the
lake basin. Glaciofluvial sediment was deposited at this time, cutting into the
underlying fan complex. Re-advancing northern ice then closed westerly outlets,
and caused water levels to increase, initiating the re-advance of the southern ice. As
the southern ice approached the Bloomington fan, it deposited an ice-marginal
sediment complex consisting of glacigenic sediment gravity flows, and
glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial sediments exhibiting north and northwesterly
paleocurrents. Continued advance of the southern ice, overriding the fan complex,
ii
produced large-scale glaciotectonic deformation structures, and deposited the
Halton Till.
The subaqueous fan depositional model that is postulated for the
Bloomington fan complex differs from published models due to the complex facies
associations produced by the multiple conduit sources of sediment feeding the fans.
The fluctuating northern and southern ice margins, which moved across the study
area in opposite directions, controlled the water level in the interlobate basin and
caused major changes in depositional environments. The influence of these two
lobes also caused deposition from two distinct source directions. Finally, erosion,
deposition, and deformation of the deposit with the readvance of the southern ice
contributed further to the complexity of the Bloomington fan complex.


title: The self-management approach of health education in the treatment of chronic illnesses

subject:
Health education.
Chronically ill--Care.
Chronic diseases--Treatment.
Self-help techniques.

abstract:
Health education is essential to the successful treatment of individuals with
chronic illnesses. Self-management is a philosophical model of health education that
has been shown to be effective in teaching individuals with chronic arthritis to
manage their illness as part of their daily lives. Despite the proven results of
arthritis self-management programs, some limitations of this form of health
education were apparent in the literature. The present study attempted to address
the problems of the self-management approach of health education such as reasons
for lack of participation in programs and poor course outcomes. In addition, the
study served to investigate the relationship between course outcomes and
participation in programs with the theory upon which arthritis self-management
programs are based, known as self-efficacy theory.
Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, data
collection, and analysis, a deeper understanding of the self-management
phenomenon in the treatment of chronic arthritic conditions was established.
Findings of the study confirm findings of previous studies that suggest that arthritis
self-management programs result in enhanced levels of self-efficacy and are effective
in teaching individuals with arthritis to self-manage their health and health care.
Findings of the study suggest that there are many factors that determine the choice
of participants to participate in programs and the outcomes for the individuals who
do choose to participate in programs. Some of the major determinants of
enrollment and outcomes of programs include: the participant's personality, beliefs,
attitudes and abilities, and the degree of emotional acceptance of the illness. Other
determinants of course enrollment and outcomes included class size and length of
time, timing of participation, and ongoing support after the program. The results
of the study are consistent with the self-management literature and confirm the
relationship between the underlying philosophies of adult education and Freire's
model of education and self-management.


title: The Smiles rearrangement in hydrazidic systems and related syntheses /|nG. A. Pawelchak. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject:
Hydrazines.
Heterocyclic compounds.

abstract:
This research was directed towards the investigation of
the Smiles rearrangement in hydrazidic systems and the synthesis
of related heterocyclic compounds. The work can be conveniently
divided into two main sections.
Section 1 of the thesis relates to the synthesis and examination
of the O+N migration of phenoxy- derivatives of hydrazidic
halides. In general, hydrazidic halides were found to
react with 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol to give corresponding
a-nitrophenoxy- compounds. These a-nitrophenoxy- compounds
were found to rearrange in warm base to give the corresponding
N-benzoyl compounds via a proposed five-membered transition
state.
Experiments conducted in styrene revealed no radical contribution
to the rearrangement. Cross-over product analysis indicated
the rearrangement as intramolecular and consistent with
the Smiles rearrangement.
The preparation of N-a-chlorobenzylidene-N'-2-nitrophenyl-
-N'-(2,4-dibromophenyl)hydrazine from N-benzoyl-N'-2-nitrophenyl-
N'-(2,4-dibromophenyl)hydrazine was accomplished using phosphorus
oxychloride. Examination of this hydrazidic chloride
indicated a marked decrease .in reactivity as compared to the
N-a-chlorobenzylidene-N'-phenylhydrazine case.
Section 2 concerns itself with the preparation of heterocyclic
compounds using an analogy of the five-membered transition state present in the Smiles rearrangement of a substituted
benzylidene derivatives A new preparation of 2,4-phenyl1,3,4-
oxadiazol-S-one using N-benzoyl-N'-phenylhydrazine and
ethyl thiochloroformate is reported.
Two new preparations of N-a-thiobenzoyl-N'-(2,4-dibromophenylhydrazine
are reported using sodium hydrosulfide in conjunction
with N-a-bromobenzylidene-N'-(2,4-dibromophenyl)hydrazine
in the first, and phosphorus pentasulfide with N-benzoylN'-(
2,4-dibromophenyl)hydrazine in the second. The latter is
preferred due to the formation of a sulfide co-product in the
former.
Two preparations of 2-phenyl-4-(2,4-dibromophenyl)-1,3,4-
thiadiazol-S-one are reported using N-thiobenzoyl-N'-(2,4-dibromophenyl)
hydrazine and ethyl chloroformate and ethyl thiochloroformate
Two rapid and easy preparations of 2-phenyl-4-(2,4-dibromophenyl)-
1,3,4-triazol-S-one are reported using ethyl chloroformate
and ethyl thiochloroformate. Sodium cyanate in conjunction
with a-aminobenzylidene-N'-(2,4-dibromophenyl)hydrazine
also provided 2-phenyl-4-(2,4-dibromophenyl)-1,3,4-triazol-S-one
Section 2 concludes with an examination of two possible
mechanistic routes to the prepared heterocycles.


title: The status of drama in education in an Ontario school board

subject: Drama in education--Ontario--Curricula.

subject: School boards--Ontario.

subject: Drama--Study and teaching (Elementary)--Ontario.

abstract:
Drama in education has been describea- as a valuable
pedagogical medium and methodology, enriching child
development in the cognitive, skill, affective, and
aesthetic domains, and spanning all areas of curriculum
~ oontent. However, despite its considerable versatility and
cost-effectiveness, drama appears to maintain low status
within the education system of ontario. This thesis
investigated teacher perceptions of both the value and
status of drama in education in one ontario school board.
Data were gathered in the form of an attitude questionnaire,
which was devised for the purpose of this research and
administered to a stratified cluster sample of 126 teachers
employed in the board's elementary schools. These data were
then used to examine teacher perceptions based on their
knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviour in the
classroom. Teacher characteristics of gender, teaching
assignment, years experience, and courses taken in drama
were also analyzed as potential determinants of teacher
attitudes towards drama in education. Results of the study
confirmed apparent discrepancy between teacher perceptions
of the value of drama and its current educational status.
It was indicated that what teachers value most about drama
is its capacity to enhance creativity, social skills,
empathy, personal growth, and problem-solving ability among
students. Teachers attribute its low status both to school
and board priorities of time and resources, and to
deficiencies in their knowledge and confidence in the
planning, implementation, and evaluation of drama in the
classroom. Teacher subgroup analysis revealed no
significant differences in attitudes towards the status of
drama in education; it did, however, suggest that both
teachers who have studied drama and teachers with between
ten and twenty years experience are most likely to value
drama more highly than their colleagues. Recommendations
proposed by the study include the provision of increased
- time and resource allotment for drama within the elementary
curriculum as well as increased teacher training at both
faculty of education and board inservice levels.


title: The suppression of the Haller-Bauer scission for synthetic purposes /|nby S. M. Vines. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject:
Haller-Bauer reaction.
Ketones.

abstract:
A number of 2-chlorobenzophenones, containing
electron releasing groups (e.g. hydroxy, thiomethoxy and
methoxy) in the 4' - position, were prepared by the Friess
rearrangement, or the Friedel-Crafts reaction. These
ketones, when treated with potassamide in liquid ammonia,
underwent partial Haller-Bauer scission, unlike 2-chlorobenzophenone
which is known to undergo complete scission.
Under similar conditions 4-nitrobenzophenone
also underwent partial scission, but the main reaction in
this case was nucleophilic amination of the nitro containing
ring. This amination reaction was shown not to be a useful
general reaction for aromatic nitro compounds.
3-Methylxanthone was then prepared by treatment
of 2- and 3- chloro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzophenone with
. little, if any, attendant scission. The corresponding 2fluoro-
compound also gave the xanthone, but as the 3-fluoro
compound did not, it was concluded that the 2-fluoro compound
reacted through a nucleophilic substitution mechanism, rather
than the benzyne mechanism invoked for the chloro and bromo
compounds.
3-Methylthioxanthone was synthesised by treatment
of methyl 4-tolyl sulphide and 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride
with aluminum chloride in carbon disu1phide, followed.by heating.
This compound was also prepared by treatment of 3-chloro-2'thiomethoxy-
5'-methylbenzophenone with potassamide in liquid
ammonia.


title: The transformation of teachers: an adult learning approach

subject:
Adult learning--Evaluation.
Adult education--Evaluation.
Teachers--Rating of.

abstract:
The study focused on the teacher as an adult learner
rather than an instructor. A sample of three hundred and
three elementary school teachers completed a two-part Likert
survey questionnaire. The instrument was developed by the
researcher in an attempt to operationalize Mezirow's Theory of
Perspective Transformation. The four sub-scales collected
information about teachers as they perceived themselves as
adult learners and the way they conceptualize critical SelfReflection,
Meaning perspectives and New Insights (Mezirow,
1978, 1981, 1989, 1990) within a framework of Mezirow's
concept of Transformative Learning. Survey research
methodology was used. Frequency distributions, means, and
standard deviation were calculated. Reliability analysis and
Pearson 'r' correlations established the internal consistency
of items It Cross tabulations to describe differences in
responses across demographic valuables were computed. The
survey results indicated that teachers perceived themselves as
self-directed learners. The findings support the need for a
better understanding of the teacher as an adult learner so
that teacher inservice programs and teacher supervision and
evaluation can provide a viable learning alternative to the
existing models used in practice.


title: The use of diatom assemblages to determine paleotrophic changes in lakes

subject:
Diatoms.
Lake ecology.
Lakes.
Paleolimnology.

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to develop a classifi cation
scheme for l ake trophic status based on the relative abundance of
l ake sediment diatom trophic indicator species.
A total of 600 diatom frustules were counted from the surface
sediments of e a ch of 30 lakes selected to repr e seni~ a continuum
from u.lt ra-oligotrophic t,o fairly eutrophic but not hype r-'
eutrophic conditions.
Published autecological information was used to determine the
trophic indicator status of each of the s pecies. A quotieht was
derived by dividing the s um of all the e utrophic indicator
species by the sum of all oligotrophic indicai.-:.or species. Oligo'-
mesotrophic. mesotrophic and meso-eutrophic species were added to
both the numerator and denomina tor. Five categories of diatom
i.nferred trophic status were recognized : ultra-oligotrophic -
0'-0.2:3, oligotrophic::: 0.24-0 . 70, mesotrophic :: 0.'71 -0.99,
meso-elxtrophic :: 1. 00-1. '78 and eutrophic:: 1.. 79-2. 43. But only
three of these (oligotrophic:: 0-0.69, mesotrophic ::: 0 . 70'-1.69 j
and eutrophic:: 1.70-2.50) proved usef ul.
The present study of the relationship between diatom inferred
trophic status and the literature-derived trophic status of SO
lake s (which were purposely chosen to represent a broad spectrum
of lakes in Canada) indicated that: 1) Based on diatom species
(assemblages ) it is possible to segregate the lakes from which.
th",)se diatoms were taken into three basic categories : o ligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic lake types. ~~) It was not
possible t,o separate meso-eutrophic and o l igo-mesotrophic lakes
f rom mesotrophic l akes as the the degree of overlap betwee n the
diat,om species in these lake types was extremely high. 3) Ha d
mo r e ul tra-oligotroph,ic lakes been sampled it might have been
possible to more a ccurately s eparate them f rom oligotrophic
Jakes. 4 ) Had. more humic lakes been sampled in this s tudy I f eel
it would have been possible to identify a unique diatom
a ssemblage which would h a ve chara cterized t his lake type .
Re gression analyses were performed using the aforementioned
diatom inferred trophic index as a f unction of 1) log Sec chi
transparency (r = - 0.70) 2) total phosphorus (r = 0. 77 ) and 3)
chlorophyll-a (r = 0.74). Once e ach of these rel ationships had
been established , it was possible to infer paleotrophic
(downcore) changes in an oligotrophic lake (Barbara Lake) and in
a eutrophic lake (Chemung Lake) .
Barbara Llake was dominated by oligotrophic s pecies and
remained oligotrophic throughout the 200-·year history r epresented
by i t s 32 em long sediment core. Chemung Lake is currently
dominated. by eutrophic species but went through a mesotrophic
st,age which was associated with a rise in the water level of the
lake followi n g dam construction in its watershed in the early
1.900 J ::;. This was followed by its reversion to it,s present day
eutrophic stage (dominated by eutrophic species) possibly as a
r esult of shallowing process which can be attributed to " silting'
up" of the reservoir and the invasion of the l ake by Myriophyllum spjcatum (Eurasian milfoil) i n the 1970's . In addition, nutrient
.:r':l.ch run"'offwhich resulted from increased human a.ctivities
associated with cottage development along its shores has
contribut ed to its eutrophication. There is some evidence that
the rat,e o :f its prog ressive eutrophication has declined during
the last decade. This was correlated with legislation enacted in
the 60's and 70's in Ontario which was aimed at reducing nutrient
loading from cottages.


title: The utility of sedimentary diatoms as a measure of historical lake ph

subject: Hydrogen-ion concentration.

subject: Lake sediments--Ontario--Algoma (District)

subject: Lakes--Ontario--Algoma (District)

subject: Diatoms.

subject: Water--Pollution--Ontario--Algoma (District)

abstract:
As a result of increased acid precipitation, the pH of a large
number of Canadian Shield lakes has been falling. Prior to this study
there was no documentation available to explain the history of lake
acidification for the Algoma area lakes. In order to obtain this
information the diatom inferred pH technique was developed in this
study.
During two field seasons, July 1981 and July 1982, short sediment
cores (circa 25-30 cm) were collected from 28 study lakes located north
of Lake Superior, District Algoma, Ontario. The surface sediment
diatoms (0-1 cm) from each of these lakes were carefully identified,
enumerated, and classified in terms of their pH indicator status.
The surface sediment diatom analysis indicated that lake pH is one of
the most important factors affecting the species composition and
relative abundance of diatom populations. Thus diatom assemblages can
be sensitive indicators of lake acidification. When Nygaard's index
alpha was plotted against observed lake pH, a statistically
significant relationship resulted (r=-0.89; p=<O.OI).
The index alpha regression equation was used to construct the pH
histories of 4 lakes (lakes X4, CS, U3, and WI). The repeatability of
this technique was confirmed by comparing two downcore paleo-pH
profiles of Lake WI. These two paleo-pH profiles represented almost
identical paleo-pH patterns for Lake WI. The paleo-pH study of Lake X4
revealed that the lake has been rather acidic (pH <5.6) for the last
200 years. It appears that the recent increase in acid precipitation
3
over the last 30 years has not altered the water pH compared to the
lake's pH history. However, the paleo-pH study of another acidic lake
(Lake CS) indicated that its pH has significantl}* dropped over the last
30 years . During this time the Lake CS pH has dropped almost 2 pH units
(7.1 to 5.2). The other two lakes studied for downcore pH were
circumneutral in nature . One of these lakes (Lake U3) displayed a
relatively stable pH history while the other lake (Lake WI) displayed
significant pH fluctuations over post-Ambrosia time. The variable pH
history of Lake WI was probably associated with the Algoma sintering
plant plume and forest fires.
A significant relationship between surface sediment diatoms and
observed lake pH and secondly a statistically significant relationship
between index alpha and observed pH suggested that diatoms are one of
the best indicators of lake pH. Thus diatom inferred pH technique has
great potential in explaining the rate of lake acidification.


title: The versatility and utilization of phosphorus based compounds in classic carbon-carbon bond forming and esterification reactions

subject:
Phosphorus compounds.
Carbon compounds.
Esterification.
Chemistry, Organic.

abstract:
The phosphonium salt room temperature ionic liquid
tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium chloride (THPC) has been employed as an efficient
reusable media for the palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of aryl
halides, including aryl chlorides, under mild conditions. The cross-coupling reactions
were found to proceed in THPC containing small amounts ofwater and toluene (single
phase) using potassium phosphate and 1% Pd2(dba)3'CHCI3. Variously substituted
iodobenzenes, including electron rich derivatives, reacted efficiently in THPC with a
variety of arylboronic acids and were all complete within 1 hour at 50°C. The
corresponding aryl bromides also reacted under these conditions with the addition of a
catalytic amount of triphenylphosphine that allowed for complete conversion and high
isolated yields. The reactions involving aryl chlorides were considerably slower,
although the addition of triphenylphosphine and heating at 70°C allowed high conversion
of electron deficient derivatives. Addition of water and hexane to the reaction products
results in a triphasic system, from which the catalyst was then recycled by removing the
top (hexanes) and bottom (aqueous) layers and adding the reagents to the ionic liquid
which was heated again at 50°C; resulting in complete turnover of iodobenzene.
Repetition of this procedure gave the biphenyl product in 82-97% yield (repeated five
times) for both the initial and recycled reaction sequences.
IL ESTERIFICATIONREACTION
A new class oftrialkylphosphorane has been prepared through reaction of a
trialkylphosphine with 2-chlorodimethylmalonate in the presence oftriethylamine. These
new reagents promote the condensation reaction of carboxylic acids with alcohols to
provide esters along with trialkylphosphine oxide and dimethylmalonate. The
condensation reaction of chiral secondary alcohols can be controlled to give either high
levels of inversion or retention through a subtle interplay involving basicity of the
reaction media, solvent, and tuning the electronic and steric nature of the carboxylic acid
and stenc nature of the phosphorane employed. A coherent mechanism is postulated to
explain these observations involving reaction via an initial acyloxyphosphonium ion.


title: The vibrational spectra and the normal coordinate analysis of thiocarbonye halides /|nby C. R. Subramaniam. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject:
Halides.
Halides--Spectra.
Carbonyl compounds.

abstract:
The infrared and the Raman spectra of eSelF has been obtained
for the first time and has been analysed to give the in-plane
normal vibrational frequencies of the molecule, in the ground state.
A normal co-ordinate analysis has been carried out for the molecules
CSF2, CSClF and eSel 2 using a Urey-Bradley type of potential function
and the elements of the [L] matrix elements, the distribution of
the potential energy in Urey-Bradley space, and the displacement
vector diagrams for the normal modes of vibration for these molecules,
have been obtained.
The bond for~e constants obtained through the normal co-ordinate
analysis, have given some interesting results. The stretching force
constant, Kes ' varies markedly with halogen substitution and the
force constants KeF and Keel also vary with substitution.


title: The waning of the two giants: the electoral decline of the Italian Christian Democratic Party and the Italian Communist Party

subject:
Elections--Italy.
Political parties--Italy.

abstract:
Italy is currently experiencing profound political
change. One aspect of this change involves the decline in
electoral support for the Italian Christian Democratic Party
(DC) and the Italian Communist Party (PCI), now the Democratic
Party of the Left (PDS). Signs of the electoral decline of
both parties began to appear in the late 1970s and early 1980s
and accelerated in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
The pr imar y purpos e of th is thes is is to expla i n the
electoral decline of the DC and PCI/PDS in the last decade.
The central question being addressed in this thesis is the
following: What factors contributed to the decline in
electoral support for the DC and PCI? In addition, the thesis
attempts to better comprehend the change in magni tude and
direction of the Italian party system.
The thesis examines the central question within an
analytical framework that consists of models explaining
electoral change in advanced industrial democracies and in
Italy. A review of the literature on electoral change in Italy
reveals three basic models: structural (socioeconomic and
demographic factors), subcultural (the decline of the Catholic
and Communist subcultures), and pol i tical (factors such as
party strategy, and the crisis and collapse of communism in
iv
Eastern Europe and the former soviet Union and the end to the
Cold War).
Significant structural changes have occurred in Italy,
but they do not invariably hurt or benefit either party. The
Catholic and Communist subcultures have declined in size and
strength, but only gradually. More importantly, the study
discovers that the decline of communism and party strategy
adversely affected the electoral performances of the DC and
PC!.
The basic conclusion is that political factors primarily
and directly contributed to the decline in electoral support
for both parties, while societal factors (structural and
subcultural changes) played a secondary and indirect role.
While societal factors do not contribute directly to the
decline in electoral support for both parties, they do provide
the context within which both parties operated.
In addition, the Italian party system is becoming more
fragmented and traditional political parties are losing
electoral support to new political movements, such as the Lega
Nord (LN-Northern League) and the Rete (Network). The growing
importance of the North-South and centre-periphery cleavages
suggests that the Italian party system, which is traditionally
based on religious and ideological cleavages, may be changing.


title: Total synthesis of (S)-4-hydroxy-[a]-Lapachone

subject:
Quinone--Synthesis.
Asymmetric synthesis.
Biotransformation (Metabolism)

abstract:
(S)-4-Hydroxy-a-lapachone has been prepared for the first time.
The commercially available compound 2-acetyl-1-naphthol was used
as the starting material. The synthesis involved methylation,
followed by Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, and hydrolysis of the acetate
to give 1-methoxy-2-naphthol. After protecting of the hydroxyl
group, t-BuLi was used to form 3-(3',3'-dimethyl-acryloyl)-1-
meth oxy-2- (meth oxymethoxy)-naphthalen e. eycl izationand
oxidation then gave 4-keto-a-lapachone. Finally enzymic
biotransformation by Mortierella isabellina ATCC 42613 was used
to yield the target compound. The enantiomeric excess of the product
was determined to be ~98% by using 1H NMR chiral shift analysis. The
overall yield is 80/0. The biological activity of (S)-4-hydroxy-alapachone
and its acetate are under investigation.


title: Toward an encounter with technics (a pathway in Martin Heidegger's thought)

subject: Technology and civilization.


title: Towards sustainable peace : peace-building and human security

subject:
Peace.
Reconciliation.
Human rights.
Security, International.
Intervention (International law)

abstract:
Failed and fragile states that result from intrastate war pose severe threats to the
security of both the international system and individual states alike. In the post-Cold War
era, the international community has come to recognize the reality of these threats and the
difficulty involved in ending violence and building sustainable peace in failed and fragile
states. This work focuses upon the development of a comprehensive strategy for
sustainable peace-building by incorporating the tenets of the human security doctrine into
the peace-building process. Through the use of case studies of The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia and East Timor, the development and refinement of the doctrine
of human security will occur, as well as, an understanding of how and where human
security fits into the sustainable peace-building equation. The end result of the analysis is
the development of a hierarchical pyramid formation that brings together human security
and peace-building into one framework that ultimately creates the foundation and
structure of sustainable peace-building.
With the development of a sustainable peace-building structure based upon the
human security doctrine, the role of Canada in the support of sustainable peace-building
is analyzed in relation to the form and level of involvement that Canada undertakes and
contributes to in the implementation and support of sustainable peace-building initiatives.
Following from this, recommendations are provided regarding what role(s) Canada
should undertake in the sustainable peace-building process that take into consideration
the present and likely future capabilities of Canada to be involved in various aspects of
the peace-building process.
ii
This paper outlines the need for a peace-building strategy that is designed to be
sustainable in order that failed and fragile states resulting from intrastate conflict do not
regress or collapse back into a condition of civil war, and subsequently designs such a
strategy. The linking of peace-building and human security creates the required
framework from which sustainable peace-building is derived. Creating sustainable peace
is necessary in order to increase the likelihood that both present and future generations
existing in failed and fragile states will be spared from the scourge of intrastate war.


title: Transcendental phenomenology : a response to psychologism

subject:
Phenomenology.
Psychology--Philosophy.
Transcendence (Philosophy)


title: Transfection of newt blastema mesenchyme using the techniques of lipofection and direct gene transfer

subject:
Transfection.
Mesenchyme.
Genetic transformation.
Extremities (Anatomy)--Regeneration.

abstract:
The regenerating amphibian limb provides a useful system for
studying genes involved in the establishment of positional
information. While a number of candidate genes that may playa role
in pattern formation have been identified, their function in vivo is
unknown in this system.
To better ascertain the role of these genes, it would be useful
to be able to alter their normal patterns of expression in vivo and to
assess the effects of this misexpression on limb pattern. In order
to achieve this, a method of introducing a plasmid containing the
eDNA of a gene of interest into a newt blastema (a growth zone of
mesenchymal progenitor cells) is needed. Unfortunately, most
commonly used transfection techniques cannot be used with newt
blastema cells.
In this study, I have used the techniques of lipofection and
direct gene transfer to introduce plasmid DNA containing reporter
genes into the cells of a regenerating newt limb. The technique of
lipofection was most effective when the blastema cells were
transfected in vitro. The optimal ratio for transfection was shown
to be 1:3 DNA:Lipofectin (W/w) , and an increase in the amount of DNA
present in the mixture (1:3 ratio maintained) resulted in a
corresponding increase in gene expression.
The technique of direct gene transfer was used to transfect
newt blastema cells with and without prior complex formation with
Lipofectin. Injection of plasmid DNA alone provided the most
3
promising results. It was possible to introduce plasmid DNA
containing the reporter gene ~-galactosidase and achieve significant
gene expression in cells associated with the injection site. In the
future, it would be interesting to use this technique to inject
plasmid DNA containing a gene which may have a role in pattern
formation into specific areas of the newt blastema and to analyze
the resulting limb pattern that emerges.


title: Transformation in teaching : listening to every voice

subject:
Action research in education.
Adult learning.
Transfer of training.
Teachers--Self-rating of.
Educational evaluation.

abstract:
Action research is a methodology that supports practitioner research. This study is an
exploration of one researcher's practice using the living-theory approach to action research.
Initially, my focus was to improve my practice by asking how I can facilitate transformative
learning experiences with the teachers with whom I work. As part of this search, I examined
the contradictions between my espoused and implicit values. In keeping with the evolving
nature of my inquiry, I unveiled the telos that constituted the impetus for my search, which
began as a tension about the quality of my interactions and ended as a quest to find my voice
among the others'. I used personal narratives, journal entries, a videotaping session,
interactions with critical friends and interviews with colleagues and administrators to engage
in a process of continuing self- and interactive reflection. Throughout my study, I explored
how theoretical concepts intertwine with personal experiences. In the final chapter, I share
the possible connections between my living educational theory and a more general theory of
transformative learning. I conclude my study with a look at the transformation process I
underwent as a result of the study and the new questions I formulated as I began the action
research spiral again.


title: Transmission measurements using a new far-infrared set-up

subject: Infrared spectra.

abstract:
A system comprised of a Martin-Puplett type polarizing interferometer and a Helium-3
cryostat was developed to study the transmission of materials in the very-far-infrared
region of the spectrum. This region is of significant interest due to the low-energy excitations
which many materials exhibit. The experimental transmission spectrum contains
information concerning the optical properties of the material. The set-up of this system
is described in detail along with the adaptations and improvements which have been
made to the system to ensure the best results.
Transmission experiments carried out with this new set-up for two different varieties
of materials: superconducting thin films of lead and biological proteins, are discussed.
Several thin films of lead deposited on fused silica quartz substrates were studied.
From the ratio of the transmission in the superconducting state to that in the normal
state the superconducting energy gap was determined to be approximately 25 cm-1 which
corresponds to 2~/kBTc rv 5 in agreement with literature data. Furthermore, in agreement
with theoretical predictions, the maximum in the transmission ratio was observed to
increase as the film thickness was increased. These results provide verification of the system's
ability to accurately measure the optical properties of thin low-Tc superconducting
films.
Transmission measurements were carried out on double deionized water, and a variety
of different concentrations by weight of the globular protein, Bovine Serum Albumin, in
the sol, gel and crystalline forms. The results of the water study agree well with literature
values and thus further illustrate the reproducibility of the system. The results of the
protein experiments, although preliminary, indicate that as the concentration increases the samples become more transparent. Some weak structure in the frequency dependent
absorption coefficient, which is more prominent in crystalline samples, may be due to low
frequency vibrations of the protein molecules.


title: Trilobites of the Upper Cambrian (Marjuman) Pika formation of the Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains

subject: Trilobites--Canadian Rockies (B.C. and Alta.)

subject: Pikas--Canadian Rockies (B.C. and Alta.)

subject: Paleontology--Canadian Rockies (B.C. and Alta.)

subject: Paleontology|yCambrian.

abstract:
The Upper Cambrian Pika Formation in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains forms a
complete lithologic Grand Cycle. The overall pattern of deposition is one of shallowing
upwards from a subtidal, muddy, storm-influenced basin to a shallow carbonate bank. The
Pika passes gradationally into the overlying inter- to supratidal siliciclastics of the Arctomys
Formation. This transition probably reflects a fall in relative sea level.
2
Twenty seven collections from three sections yielded trilobites. The faunas are assigned to
two low-diversity biofacies: the Marjumia - Spencella Biofacies and the GZyphaspis -
menomoniid Biofacies. In contrast to biofacies of deeper, open-shelf environments, such as
the Wheeler and Marjum formations of Utah, the Pika biofacies lack agnostid trilobites.
Consequently, agnostid-based zonations defined elsewhere in North America cannot be applied
to the Pika and a new sequence of three zones and one informal fauna is proposed for use in
inner shelf facies.
Eleven species belonging to six genera are described and illustrated. The species Marjumia
bagginsi is new. Other genera present are: Bolaspidella, Knechtelia, GZyphaspis and
Spencella, in addition to a number of indeterminate forms


title: Understanding the portfolio in the secondary school classroom

subject: Portfolios in education.

subject: Education, Secondary.

subject: High school teachers--In-service training.

abstract:
Four secondary school teachers were involved in this case study. Individual
interviews, group reflective sessions, and participant portfolios were transcribed
verbatim and analyzed. The use of the portfolio in the secondary school classroom
was then discussed in relation to emergent themes. These themes included teacher
attitude, portfolio structure, portfolio purpose, challenges, effect, and professional
development. Teachers were able to individualize the portfolio structure to meet both
program and students' needs. The portfolio structure enabled both teachers and
students to assume control over the learning process. The portfolio informed teachers
about their teaching. This, in tum, challenged them to reflect on their teaching
practices and enabled them to redesign curriculum implementation. A collaborative
professional development structure fostered a learning environment that enabled
teachers to experience success, despite the challenges that they inevitably
encountered. These findings were related to contemporary literature. Finally,
implications for theory and practice related to portfolio use in the secondary school
classroom and professional development for secondary school teachers were
considered.


title: Values and the classroom teacher

subject: Values--Study and teaching (Elementary)--Ontario--Golden

subject: Elementary school teachers--Ontario--Golden Horseshoe.

abstract:
This is a descriptive study of elementary school teachers'
perceptions of values transmitted in classrooms. Through
circulation of a survey to teachers in Public and Separate Schools
in the "Golden I-Iorseshoe" distt-ict of SOLtthern Ontario (e}{clLtding
Toronto), it was found that teachers do see themselves as promoting
values which tend to be conceptual or knowledge-based and receptive
and pertain to self-perception and personal growth. They also show
a tendency t.o Lise nlore conceptL\al teachi ng strategies SLieri as
discussiona The respondents had no clear opinion regarding student
disposition toward values but did feel very influential in
developing that disposition. Demographic factors of gender, age,
teaching division and teaching experience affected the responses to
the surveYa The study was undertaken to describe a very sensitive
area in education in the hope of moving closer toward a more
effective school system II.


title: Valuing and encouraging critical reflection in pre-service teacher education

subject:
Critical thinking.
Teachers, Training of.

abstract:
This qualitative study was designed to investigate aspects related to valuing and
encouraging critical reflection in pre-service teacher education. An examination of the
place and function of practicum logbooks as used at Covenant Canadian Reformed
Teachers' College, a small private college which offers pre-service teacher education
formed the core of the research. An analysis of the practicum logbooks written by
five student teachers during three different practicum placements was performed at two
levels. First, a content analysis served to identify general and specific categories
within the practice teaching contextas a learning experience. Secondly, in-depth
intuitive and thematic analyses of the entries which related specifically to reflection as
a learning experience gave rise to critical questions. Throughout the process, the five
participants formed an active and involved group of co-researchers, adding their voices
to the narrative of the learning experience. Variables such as personality type,
learning style and self-directedness added a dimension which deepened and emiched
the study. The result of the study suggests that practicum logbooks form a valuable
base for valuing and encouraging critical reflection in pre-service teacher education.
The results also suggest that not all students appear to be equally capable of critical reflection. Recognizing that teacher education exists as a continuum appears to
support the findings that in their journey along this continuum, student teachers not
only move from reflection-on-action to reflection-in-action, but also from content to
process to premise reflection. An awareness of contributing factors such as
personality type, degree of risk-taking, preferred learning style and self-directedness on
the part of teacher-educators will serve to create a climate of trust in which student
teachers can safely develop critical reflection, using practicum logbooks as one
possible medium.


title: Variational Monte Carlo estimation of the dissociation energy of CuH using correlated sampling

subject:
Dissociation.
Monte Carlo method.
Copper compounds.

abstract:
A new approach to treating large Z systems by quantum Monte Carlo has been developed.
It naturally leads to notion of the 'valence energy'. Possibilities of the new approach has
been explored by optimizing the wave function for CuH and Cu and computing dissociation
energy and dipole moment of CuH using variational Monte Carlo. The dissociation
energy obtained is about 40% smaller than the experimental value; the method is comparable
with SCF and simple pseudopotential calculations. The dipole moment differs
from the best theoretical estimate by about 50% what is again comparable with other
methods (Complete Active Space SCF and pseudopotential methods).


title: Verbal ability, previous practice and load on short-term memory as determiners of differences in a complex learning task: an experimental study

subject:
Learning, Psychology of.
Short-term memory.
Verbal ability.
Psychometrics.

abstract:
Traditional psychometric theory and practice classify
people according to broad ability dimensions but do not examine
how these mental processes occur. Hunt and Lansman
(1975) proposed a 'distributed memory' model of cognitive
processes with emphasis on how to describe individual differences
based on the assumption that each individual possesses
the same components. It is in the quality of these components
~hat individual differences arise. Carroll (1974) expands
Hunt's model to include a production system (after Newell and
Simon, 1973) and a response system. He developed a framework
of factor analytic (FA) factors for : the purpose of describing
how individual differences may arise from them. This
scheme is to be used in the analysis of psychometric tes ts .
Recent advances in the field of information processing
are examined and include. 1) Hunt's development of differences
between subjects designated as high or low verbal ,
2) Miller's pursuit of the magic number seven, plus or minus
two, 3) Ferguson's examination of transfer and abilities and,
4) Brown's discoveries concerning strategy teaching and
retardates .
In order to examine possible sources of individual
differences arising from cognitive tasks, traditional psychometric
tests were searched for a suitable perceptual task
which could be varied slightly and administered to gauge
learning effects produced by controlling independent variables.
It also had to be suitable for analysis using Carroll's
f ramework . The Coding Task (a symbol substitution test) found
i n the Performance Scale of the WISe was chosen.
Two experiments were devised to test the following
hypotheses. 1) High verbals should be able to complete significantly
more items on the Symbol Substitution Task than
low verbals (Hunt, Lansman, 1975). 2) Having previous practice
on a task, where strategies involved in the task may be
identified, increases the amount of output on a similar task
(Carroll, 1974). J) There should be a sUbstantial decrease
in the amount of output as the load on STM is increased
(Miller, 1956) . 4) Repeated measures should produce an increase
in output over trials and where individual differences
in previously acquired abilities are involved, these should
differentiate individuals over trials (Ferguson, 1956).
S) Teaching slow learners a rehearsal strategy would improve
their learning such that their learning would resemble that
of normals on the ,:same task. (Brown, 1974).
In the first experiment 60 subjects were d.ivided·into
high and low verbal, further divided randomly into a practice
group and nonpractice group. Five subjects in each group
were assigned randomly to work on a five, seven and nine
digit code throughout the experiment. The practice group
was given three trials of two minutes each on the practice
code (designed to eliminate transfer effects due to symbol
similarity) and then three trials of two minutes each on
the actual SST task . The nonpractice group was given three
trials of two minutes each on the same actual SST task .
Results were analyzed using a four-way analysis of variance .
In the second experiment 18 slow learners were divided
randomly into two groups. one group receiving a planned
strategy practioe, the other receiving random practice. Both
groups worked on the actual code to be used later in the
actual task. Within each group subjects were randomly assigned
to work on a five, seven or nine digit code throughout. Both
practice and actual tests consisted on three trials of two
minutes each. Results were analyzed using a three-way
analysis of variance .
It was found in t he first experiment that 1) high or
low verbal ability by itself did not produce significantly
different results. However, when in interaction with the
other independent variables, a difference in performance
was noted . 2) The previous practice variable was significant
over all segments of the experiment. Those who received
previo.us practice were able to score significantly higher
than those without it. J) Increasing the size of the load
on STM severely restricts performance. 4) The effect of
repeated trials proved to be beneficial. Generally, gains
were made on each successive trial within each group.
S) In the second experiment, slow learners who were allowed
to practice randomly performed better on the actual task
than subjeots who were taught the code by means of a planned
strategy.
Upon analysis using the Carroll scheme, individual
differences were noted in the ability to develop strategies
of storing, searching and retrieving items from STM, and
in adopting necessary rehearsals for retention in STM. While
these strategies may benef it some it was found that for
others they may be harmful . Temporal aspects and perceptual
speed were also found to be sources of variance within
individuals .
Generally it was found that the largest single factor
i nfluencing learning on this task was the repeated measures .
What e~ables gains to be made, varies with individuals .
There are environmental factors, specific abilities, strategy
development, previous learning, amount of load on STM ,
perceptual and temporal parameters which influence learning
and these have serious implications for educational programs .


title: Viability interactions between the left and right arms of the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster

subject:
Drosophila melanogaster.
Chromosomes.

abstract:
Inter and intrachromosomal viability interactions
have been detected in a few experimental studies. Computer
simulations and analytical models have led to postulation
of nonadditivity of gene action. This study reports
evidence of strong nonadditive interactions between the
arms of the metacentric second chromosome of Drosophila
melanogaster. Mean viability for 40 homozygous lines of
the second chromosomes was 0.720+0.265 • Mean viability
for 40 half homozygous second chromosomes was 0.928!O.)10 •
Significant heterogeneity among and within lines was
found in both groups of chromosomes, as well as a highly
significant viability difference between the two groups.
Comparison of observed viabilities with the expected
values, according to the theories of additive and multi -
plicative gene action. was made for both groups. Highly
significant departures from the expected values were found
for over 90% of the lines in both groups of chromosomes,
for both additive and multiplicative models of gene action.


title: Visual word learning in good and poor readers

subject:
Visual perception--Testing.
Perceptual learning.
Visual education.
Reading comprehension.

abstract:
Forty students from regular, grade five classes were
divided into two groups of twenty, a good reader group
and a' poor reader group, on the basis. of their reading
scores on Canadian Achievement Tests. .The subjects took.
part in four experimental conditions iM which they .learned
lists of pronounceable and unprono~nceable pseudowords,
some with semantic referents, and responded to questions
designed tci test visual perceptu~l learning and lexical
·and semantic association learning. It' was hypothesized
"that the good reade~ group would be able to make use of
graphemic and phonemic redundancy patterns in order to
improv~·visuSl perceptual learning and lexical and semantic
association lea~ningto a greater extent. than would .the poor
reader gr6up. The data supported this hypothesis, and also
indicated that, although the poor readers were less adept
at using familiar sound and letter patterns, they were more
dependent on· such pa~terns as an aid to visual recognition
memory and semantic recall than were the good readers.
It wa.s postulated that poor readers are in a double- ~ .
bind situatio~ of having to choose between using weak
graphemic-semantic associations or gr~pheme-phoneme associations
which are also weak and which have hindered
them in developing automaticity in. reading.


title: Water and electrolyte content and distribution in tissues of thermally-acclimated rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

subject:
Rainbow trout.
Temperature--Physiological effect.
Water--Electrolysis.
Tissues.

abstract:
The primary objective of this investigation was that of providing a
comprehensive tissue-by-tissue assessment of water-electrolyte status in
thermally-acclimated rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. To this end levels
of water and the major ions, sodium, chloride and potassium were evaluated
in the plasma, at three skeletal muscle sites, and in cardiac muscle,
liver, spleen, gut and brain of animals acclimated to 2°, 10° and 18°C.
The occurrence of possible seasonal variations in water-electrolyte
balance was evaluated by sampling sununer and late fall-early winter
populations of trout.
On the basis of values for water and electrolyte content, estimates
of extracellular and cellular phase volumes, cellular electrolyte concentrations
and Nernst equilibrium potentials were made. Since accurate
assessment of the extracellular phase volume is critical in the estimation
of cellular electrolyte concentrations and parameters based on assumed
cellular ion levels, [14 C]-polyethylene glycol-4000, which is assumed to
be confined to the extracellular space, was employed to provide comparisons
with various ion-defined spaces (H20~~s, H20~~/K and H20~~s). Subsequently,
the ion-defined space yielding the most realistic estimate of extracellular
phase volume for each tissue was used in cellular electrolyte calculations.
Water and electrolyte content and distribution varied with temperature.
Tissues, such as liver, spleen and brain appeared to be the most thermosensitive,
whereas skeletal and cardiac muscle and gut tissue were less
influenced. 'Summer' series trout appeared to be more capable of
maintaining their water- electrolyte balance than the ~fall-winter' series
animals.
i
The data are discussed in terms of their possible effect on
maintenance of appropriate cellular metabolic and electrophysiological
functions.


title: Weight-preoccupation, personality and depression in university students : an interactionist perspective

subject:
Body weight--Psychological aspects.
Body image.
Depression, Mental.
College students--Psychology.

abstract:
The present research was designed to examine Beck's (1983; 1987)
cognitive diathesis-stress model of depression in a new context. Specifically, this
cross-sectional study investigated whether Beck's cognitive-personality traits of
sociotropy and autonomy interacted with a specific daily hassle/stressor, weightpreoccupation,
in the prediction of depressed mood in women and men. Weightpreoccupation
was chosen as the particular daily stressor, because, according to
Kanner, Coyne, Schaeffer, and Lazarus (1981). concern about weight and physical
appearance were two of the most troublesome daily hassles among university
students. ContraIy to current stereotypes, men also express concerns with weight
and appearance (Cash, Winstead, &, landi, 1986), in both the direction of weight
loss and weight/muscle gain (Drewnowski &, Yee, 1987). Thus, unique to this
study was the examination of weight-preoccupation in men, not only in the
direction of weight loss, but also in the direction of weight and muscle gain. Two
hundred and fifty-one undergraduates were administered the revised SociotropyAutonomy
Scale (SAS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDij, the Hassles and
Uplifts Scale, the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), and the Restraint Scale (RS).
Through a process of model building, a final model was devised in which
depression (ie., BDI total scores) was regressed on personality (Le., SAS
Sociotropy) and weight-preoccupation (i.e., Drive for Thinness, Body
Dissatisfaction, and the Restraint Scale). Separate hierarchical multiple regression
analyses, with BDI as the dependent variable, were carried out for each of the
2
3
weight-preoccupation variables. Results revealed a specific congruent interaction
between weight,..preoccupation and personality. Specifically, drive for thinness and
body dissatisfaction interacted with sociotropy to predict depressed mood in both
women and men, but the interaction between sociotropy and the Restraint Scale
was marginal. Findings suggested that weight-preoccupied women and men
experienced depressed mood to the extent that they were characterized as more
highly sociotropic. As predicted, personality (i.e., sociotropy), moderated the
relationship between daily stress (i.e., weight-preoccupation) and depression. Thus,
results revealed that the proposed diathesis-stress model seemed to operate in the
same manner for women and men. Moreover, the examination of weightpreoccupation
among men (i.e., in the direction of both weight loss and
weight/muscle gain) further revealed that, when curvilinearity was taken into
account, highly sociotropic men, who had a low desire to gain weight and muscle
mass (i.e., most likely those who desired to lose weight), experienced higher levels
of depressed mood than those who had a "medium" desire for weight and muscle
gain. However, the highest levels of depressed mood was experienced by highly
sociotropic men who were highly weight-preoccupied in the direction of wanting to
gain weight and muscle mass. In addition, possible reasons for the present
fmdings, as wen as iimitations and impiicalions for future research are discussed.


title: What motivates registered nurses to participate in continuing education activities?

subject: Nursing--Study and teaching (Continuing education)

subject: Nurses--Canada--Psychological aspects.

subject: Motivation in education.

abstract:
The study was undertaken to identify what motivates registered nurses to participate
in continuing education activities. The primary questions were whether basic nursing
education, employment status, clinical area, and position, as well as readiness for selfdirected
learning influenced Canadian nurses' motivational orientations when deciding to
participate in continuing education activities. Other individual differences (e.g., age)
were also examined. The sample included 142 registered nurses employed at an urban
community hospital. Three instruments were used for data collection: the Education
Participation Scale, the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale, and a nursing survey
consisting of demographic questions. Basic nursing education and employment status
did not effect motivational orientation or self-directed learning readiness. Clinical area
and level of position significantly influenced nurses' decisions to participate in continuing
education activities. Motivational orientation had a significant relationship with selfdirected
learning readiness. Implications for practice as a result of this study involves
program planning and delivery. The identification of the motivational orientations of
participants may assist in the development and delivery of continuing education
programs that are beneficial, relevant, and address the identified learning needs of
participants. Implications for future research also exist in relation to studying different
groups of nurses, for example, registered nursing assistants, and investigating related
issues, for example, what are the deterrents to participation in continuing education?


title: Who expects what from whom? : a gender based study on expectations and secondary school administration

subject: High schools--Administration.

subject: Expectation (Psychology)

subject: High schools--Ontario--Hamilton--Administration.

subject: School management and organization--Ontario--Hamilton.

abstract:
This study is about expectations and aspirations of secondary school
teachers. It is an investigation of why some teachers aspire to become
administrators and why some teachers do not. My research compares
expectations and existing attltudes regarding aspirations toward
administration which are held by three distinct groups within the
secondary school system: 1) principals/vice-principals, 2) aspiring
teachers, and 3) non-aspiring teachers. This study questions why, in the
late 60's, secondary school administration is still predominated by men.
The conclusions and recommendations were based on interviews with
thirty men and women in the Hamilton Secondary School System. In
addltion, Mr. Keith Rielly, Superintendent of Operations, made valuable
contributions to my work. The interviews revealed experiences and
percept ions of men and women in di scourse about f amil y re lat i onshi ps,
educational choices and perceived internal and external barriers which
inhiblted or enhanced their decision to aspire to secondary school
administration. Candidates spoke about their personal and professional
Hves wlth respect to encouragement, perceived images of an administrator,
netWOrking and the effect of marriage and children on their careers.
Historically, women have not accepted the challenge of
administration and It would appear as if this is still the case today. My
research suggests that women are under-represented in secondary school
administration because of internal and external barriers which discourage
many women from aspiring. I conclude that many of women's internal
barrlers are reinforced by external roadblocks which prevent women from
aspiring to secondory school administration. Thus. many women who do not
envision a future in educational administration establish priorities
outside the general realm of education.
I recommend that males and females recognize that women make
valuable contributions to educational theory and design based on their
experiences which may be "differene from mole experiences. but just as
significant. Mole and female representation in secondary school
administration represents a balance between attitudes and behaviours
which can not be accomplished when an administrative offlce is dominated
by on all ma1e or all female staff.


title: Why do some adults change their minds about what is important in the visual arts? : a case study

subject:
Art--Public opinion.
Aesthetics.

abstract:
This-~-case study used ethnographic-methodo-logy. --The
research project was an introductory study of one adult's
present and past experiences with the visual arts,
exploring, in particular, the causes and processes that were
related to the individual's changes of mind in order to
develop an understanding of why that individual had changed
her mind about what was significant in the visual arts. The
individual who provided the data was a solid supporter of
art galleries: female, middle-aged, graduate of university
and college, married with two children, and living in an
urban community. The data were collected from two informal
conversational interviews and from a written description of
one change experience selected by the participant. The
individual had positive experiences with art during early
childhood, in elementary and secondary school, during
university, in avocational drawing and painting studio
courses, and in aesthetic experiences. All of these
experiences have had individual effects and, together, they
have had a cumulative effect on the development of the
participant's opinions and ideas about the visual arts. The
experiences which had the most effect on the development of
the individual's perspectives on the visual arts were handson
studio, educational, and aesthetic experiences. Further
research is suggested to investigate why some adults change
their minds about the visual arts.


Wilhelm Dilthey's foundation of the human sciences /|nCary M. Brunswick. -- 260 [St. Catharines, Ont.] : Dept. of Philosophy, Brock University,


title: Women over thirty choosing education as a solution to a problem

subject:
Adult education of women.
Middle-aged women--Psychology.

abstract:
This study explored motivations of mid-life women over 30 years old who had returned to
school. It sought to fmd whether these women returned to solve a problem arising from
life events, whether viewing a problem was related to internal or external motivation,
whether this perception was related to having greater coping skills, and whether having
greater coping was related to seeking support from internal or external sources. This study
examined which emotions were most related to viewing a life event as a problem. Finally,
it explored the results of previous research of mid-life women in their role as a student.
Women (N==83) from three types of institutions volunteered for this study: a university
(N==34), a college (N==28), and an adult education centre (N==21). Participants took home a
questionnaire package - a I3-page questionnaire and consent form - that were completed
and mailed back to the researcher in pre-paid envelopes. Results showed that women over
30 seek education as a solution to a life event problem. External motivation was related to
a life event being a problem (p<.005). There was a significant difference in coping scores
between institutions. Moods that were related to viewing a life event as problematic were:
anger and depressive moods (p<. 001), fatigue and vigor (p<.O 1), and tension/anxiety
(p<.05). Mid-life women students' satisfaction in this role was related to being externally
motivated. These women sought support from both internal and external sources, rarely
had social interactions with peers, and viewed this role as important, yet, temporary in that
it will help them change their lives. Implications ofthe results suggest further exploration
ofthe roles of anger and depression in motivating women over 30 to learn and finding
ways of directing women to use their emotional intelligence to seek out learning.


title: Work values and the job characteristics - job outcome relationship

subject:
Work.
Nurses--Ontario--Job satisfaction.
Job satisfaction.
Job analysis.
Job evaluation.

abstract:
The importance and achievement of work values were
found to be significant variables in the job
characteristics-job outcome relationship when
investigated with a sample of 117 correctional nurses.
Data collected via mailed questionnaires were analyzed
using Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise
multiple regression. The results indicated that the
achievement of intrinsic work values was found to
mediate the relationship between job characteristics and
internal work motivation and satisfaction, adding
considerable explained variance to each of the job
outcomes. In addition, the importance of the same
intrinsic work values moderated the overall relationship
as well as the relationship between job characteristics
and achievement of work values. The importance of work
values did not, however, moderate the achievement of
work values-job outcome relationship as predicted.
The practical implications for correctional
administrators and nurses, as well as implications for
further research were discussed.


title: X-ray diffraction studies of muscle : observations on the anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis and the insect flight muscle from Sarcophaga bullata

subject:
Mytilus edulis.
Sarcophaga bullata.
Muscles.
X-rays--Diffraction.

abstract:
The interfilament spacing of the anterior byssus retractor muscle
from Mytilus edulis was studied as the muscle was extended. It
was found that variations in this spacing were very small and
consistent with the hypothesis that the interfilament spacing was
independent of the extension of the muscle.
It was observed that the interfilament spacing was dependent on
the osmolarity of the bathing medium. In concentrated solutions
of the artificial seawater, the interfilament spacing decreased;
while in dilute solutions of artificial seawater, it was observed
that the interfilament spacing was increasing.
X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from fresh, and glutaraldehyde
fixed, specimens of insect flight muscle from Sarcophaga
bullata. There patterns were in general agreement with previous
X-ray diffraction studies of insect flight muscle. A reflexion
G at 93A was observed and interpreted as arising from diffraction
in the mitochondria. Specimens of dried insect flight muscle
produced a diffraction pattern consisting of arc and ring reflexions.
This was interpreted as suggesting an ordered arrangement
of cristae, in the mitochondria from these muscles.


title: X-ray diffraction from Al powder using energy dispersive technique

subject:
X-rays--Diffraction.
X-ray spectroscopy.
X-ray crystallography.
Aluminum powder--Optical properties.

abstract:
Using the energy dispersive x ...ray diffraction (EDXD)
technique, the room temperature diffraction pattern of Al powder was
obtained at diffraction angles ~ 30° and 50°. From the small angle
diffraction pattern the average relative intensities (IR) of the (111), (200),
and (220) lines were measured to be equal to 100, 62, and 32 respectively.
From the large diffraction angle IR for the (220), (311+222), (400),
(331+420), and (422) lines were measured to be 100,201,17,90, and 19.5
respectively.
The diffraction pattern at those two angles were obtained at
several higher temperatures to measure the change in the intensities of the
Al lines. From the intensity changes the increase of the Debye- Waller
temperature factor, i.e ~B(T), with respect to the value at room
temperature was determined to be 0.6+0.1 at 250°C, 1.10+0.15 at 350°C,
1.45+0.20 at 450°C, and 2.20±0.35 at 550°C.


title: Job satisfaction among nurses and its relationship to reflective practice /

subject:
Psychiatric nurses
Self-knowledge, Theory of.

abstract:
This study was undertaken to explore job satisfaction among
nurses and its relationship to reflective practice. It is a qualitative study
that listens to the perspectives of 7 mental health nurses who work In a
conmiunity hospital in southern Ontario. A pilot survey was conducted
prior to the face-to -face interviews in order to develop meaningful
questions to utilize in the interviews.
Nurses participating in the study were ensured anonjnnlty and an
opportunity to have their own personal perspectives heard. A convenient
sample was obtained from the hospital in which the researcher worked as
an educator and professional practice consultant.
The concept of job satisfaction was found to be driven by the desire
to do important work and to make a difference in patients' lives. The
nurses articulated that it is directly related to other factors, such as the
opportunity to work in one's area, of preference, involvement in decisionmaking
processes, better patient/ staff ratios, and affordable, accessible
continuing educational opportunities. Those nurses who have embraced
reflective practice for many years seem to be able to sort out that which
drives them to stay in nursing and that which will influence them to
leave.
The constraints of the study cO-e that it is a small qualitative
study; therefore, the results are not generallzable. Reflection is integral
to the practice of mental heallth nursing find a tool that is used
extensively in therapy with patients. Future research could involve
studing a different group of nurses who may be more task focused than
mental health nurses.


title: A journey into narrative inquiry : one teacher's lived experience with eating disorders /

subject:
Eating disorders
First person narrative.

abstract:
In "A Journey Into Narrative Inquiry: One Teacher's Lived Experience
With Eating Disorders," an elementary teacher searches for answers regarding how
education can help prevent eating disorders by journeying into her own experience of
having had such a disorder. This qualitative study is a personal narrative based on an
individual's experience, a method appropriate to the sharing of personal voices and
stories told in education research. It is an attempt to address the gap found in the research
on this topic by offering a subjective and unique perspective of what it is like to live
within the nightmare of an eating disorder and by sharing the wisdom gained from having
survived such an experience.
This narrative inquiry explains how a teacher found herself at a stage where she
was willing and ready to share her experience for the sake of research. The story of
having had an eating disorder, consisting of both anorexia and bulimia, for over a decade
is shared in a genuine, reflective manner. The researcher then shares the analysis of her
own story, unpacking the themes of journeying toward voice, self-esteem,
self-acceptance, and self and the completion of an M.Ed. degree. Bridges are made which
connect these themes to the personal and professional life of the researcher, to the
schools in terms of both curriculum and climate, to research directions, and to the larger
culture. Suggestions are made for possible changes in educational settings that may help
teachers in providing students with some tools and strategies to prevent turning to eating
disorders as coping mechanisms. A literature review of eating disorders is included as
well, as a guide for others to use when undertaking such qualitative studies.


title: Letting go : a self-study utilizing critical literacy as method in improving my practice /

subject:
Teachers
Elementary school teachers
Psychology
Effective teaching.
Action research in education.

abstract:
This is a Self-study about my role as a teacher, driven by the question: "How
do I improve my practice?" (Whitehead, 1989)? In this study, I explored the
discomfort that I had with the way that I had been teaching. Specifically, I worked to
uncover the reasons behind my obsessive (mis)management of my students. I wrote
of how I came to give my Self permission for this critique: how I came to know that all
knowledge is a construction, and that my practice, too, is a construction.
I grounded this journey within my experiences. I constructed these
experiences in narrative fomi in order to reach a greater understanding of how I
came to be the teacher I initially was. I explored metaphors that impacted my
practice, re-constructed them, and saw more clearly the assumptions and influences
that have guided my teaching.
I centred my inquiry into my teaching within an Action Reflection
methodology, bon-owing Jack Whitehead's (1989) term to describe my version of
Action Research. I relied upon the embedded cyclical pattern of Action Reflection to
understand my teaching Self: beginning from a critical moment, reflecting upon it,
and then taking appropriate action, and continuing in this way, working to improve
my practice. To understand these critical moments, I developed a personal definition
of critical literacy. I then tumed this definition inward. In treating my practice as a
textual production, I applied critical literacy as a framework in coming to know and
understand the construction that is my teaching.
I grounded my thesis journey within my Self, positioning my study within my
experiences of being a grade 1 teacher struggling to teach critical literacy. I then repositioned
my journey to that of a grade 1 teacher struggling to use critical literacy to
improve my practice. This journey, then, is about the transition from critical literacyit
as-subject to critical literacy-as-instmctional-method in improving my practice. I
joumeyed inwards, using a critical moment to build new understandings, leading me
to the next critical moment, and continued in this cyclical way. I worked in this
meandering yet deliberate way to reach a new place in my teaching: one that is more
inclusive of all the voices in my room.
I concluded my journey with a beginning: a beginning of re-visioning my
practice. In telling the stories of my journey, of my teaching, of my experiences, I
changed into the teacher that I am more comfortable with.
I've come to the frightening conclusion that I am the decisive element in the
classroom. It's my personal approach that creates the climate. It's my daily
mood that makes the weather As a teacher, I possess a tremendous power
to make a person's life miserable or joyous. I can be a tool of torture or an
instrument of inspiration. I can humiliate or humour, hurt or heal. In all
situations, it is my response that decides whether a crisis will be escalated or
de-escalated and a person humanized or de-humanized. (Ginott, as cited in
Buscaglia, 2002, p. 22)