title: Heidegger on the way of thinking

subject:
Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976.
Thought and thinking.
Meaning (Philosophy)
Semantics (Philosophy)

abstract:
This thesis attempts to clarify what Heidegger meant by the term "thinking"
(Denken), where this ^'meanr is submitted in the double sense: firstly, in the sense of
what Heidegger intended by the use and exposition of this term that we find in his lecture
series. Was Heisst Denken?, where Heidegger quickly makes it clear that this intention is
to actually bring thinking on the way, viz. making provision for the leap into thinking,
and where this intention was carried out with the employment of a specific guiding
phrase. In the second sense, it is an attempt at clarifying the meaning of the term. But this
is not to say that we are here simply out to see how Heidegger defines the word
'*thinking." It is in fact precisely within such definitive discourse that thought dies out. It
is not merely be a case of defining a word, because this enterprise would be just as
shallow as much as it would be unworkable. It is for this reason that Heidegger decided
to establish for himself the task, not merely of explaining thinking as something to be
beheld at a distance, but rather of bringing thinking underway by means of his lecture,
proclaiming that, "Only the leap into the river tells us what is swimming. The question
'What is called thinking?' can never be answered by proposing a definition of the concept
thinking, and then diligently explaining what is contained in that definition." (WCT, 21)
This being Heidegger's intention, in order to understand Heidegger in his treatment of the
term thinking, it is clear that we must also undergo an experience with thinking. It is in
this spirit that the present work was written so as to collaborate the two senses of what
Heidegger meant by "thinking."


title: Implementing the OPTIMAL model : the impact on students' motivation in an elementary school games environment

subject:
Physical education for children.
Physical education and training
Motivation in education.
Sports

abstract:
Optimal challenge occurs when an individual perceives the challenge of the task to be
equaled or matched by his or her own skill level (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). The purpose
of this study was to test the impact of the OPTIMAL model on physical education
students' motivation and perceptions of optimal challenge across four games categories
(i. e. target, batting/fielding, net/wall, invasion). Enjoyment, competence, student goal
orientation and activity level were examined in relation to the OPTIMAL model. A total
of 22 (17 M; 5 F) students and their parents provided informed consent to take part in the
study and were taught four OPTIMAL lessons and four non-OPTIMAL lessons ranging
across the four different games categories by their own teacher. All students completed
the Task and Ego in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ; Duda & Whitehead, 1998), the
Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI; McAuley, Duncan, & Tanmien, 1987) and the
Children's Perception of Optimal Challenge Instrument (CPOCI; Mandigo, 2001).
Sixteen students (two each lesson) were observed by using the System for Observing
Fitness Instruction Time tool (SOFTT; McKenzie, 2002). As well, they participated in a
structured interview which took place after each lesson was completed. Quantitative
results concluded that no overall significant difference was found in motivational
outcomes when comparing OPTIMAL and non-OPTIMAL lessons. However, when the
lessons were broken down into games categories, significant differences emerged. Levels
of perceived competence were found to be higher in non-OPTIMAL batting/fielding
lessons compared to OPTIMAL lessons, whereas levels of enjoyment and perceived
competence were found to be higher in OPTIMAL invasion lessons in comparison to
non-OPTIMAL invasion lessons. Qualitative results revealed significance in feehngs of
skill/challenge balance, enjoyment and competence in the OPTIMAL lessons. Moreover,
a significance of practically twice the active movement time percentage was found in
OPTIMAL lessons in comparison to non-OPTIMAL lessons.


title: Exploring the use of prediction and summarization to increase students' listening and reading comprehension /

contributor: Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education

subject:
Listening.
Reading comprehension.
Reading comprehension

abstract:
This study examined the effect of expHcitly instructing students to use a repertoire
of reading comprehension strategies. Specifically, this study examined whether
providing students with a "predictive story-frame" which combined the use of prediction
and summarization strategies improved their reading comprehension relative to providing
students with generic instruction on prediction and summarization. Results were
examined in terms of instructional condition and reading ability.
Students from 2 grade 4 classes participated in this study. The reading component
of the Canadian Achievement Tests, Second Edition (CAT/2) was used to identify
students as either "average or above average" or "below average" readers. Students
received either strategic predication and summarization instruction (story-frame) or
generic prediction and summarization instruction (notepad). Students were provided with
new but comparable stories for each session. For both groups, the researcher modelled
the strategic tools and provided guided practice, independent practice, and independent
reading sessions.
Comprehension was measured with an immediate and 1-week delayed
comprehension test for each of the 4 stories, hi addition, students participated in a 1-
week delayed interview, where they were asked to retell the story and to answer
questions about the central elements (character, setting, problem, solution, beginning,
middle, and ending events) of each story.
There were significant differences, with medium to large effect sizes, in
comprehension and recall scores as a fimction of both instructional condition and reading
ability. Students in the story-frame condition outperformed students in the notepad condition, and average to above average readers performed better than below average
readers. Students in the story-frame condition outperformed students in the notepad
condition on the comprehension tests and on the oral retellings when teacher modelling
and guidance were present. In the cued recall sessions, students in the story-frame
instructional condition recalled more correct information and generated fewer errors than
students in the notepad condition. Average to above average readers performed better
than below average readers across comprehension and retelling measures. The majority
of students in both instructional conditions reported that they would use their strategic
tool again.


title: Vulnerability to adverse consequences of drinking and problem drinker status as predicted by risky drinking behaviours, drug use, sex differences and affect : a test of multiple models /

subject:
Alcoholism
Alcoholism
Drinking of alcoholic beverages

abstract:
Although alcohol problems and alcohol consumption are related, consumption does not
fully account for differences in vulnerability to alcohol problems. Therefore, other factors
should account for these differences. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that risky
drinking behaviours, illicit and prescription drug use, affect and sex differences would account
for differences in vulnerability to alcohol problems while statistically controlling for overall
alcohol consumption. Four models were developed that were intended to test the predictive
ability of these factors, three of which tested the predictor sets separately and a fourth which
tested them in a combined model. In addition, two distinct criterion variables were regressed on
the predictors. One was a measure of the frequency that participants experienced negative
consequences that they attributed to their drinking and the other was a measure of the extent to
which participants perceived themselves to be problem drinkers. Each of the models was tested
on four samples from different populations, including fIrst year university students, university
students in their graduating year, a clinical sample of people in treatment for addiction, and a
community sample of young adults randomly selected from the general population. Overall,
support was found for each of the models and each of the predictors in accounting for differences
in vulnerability to alcohol problems. In particular, the frequency with which people become
intoxicated, frequency of illicit drug use and high levels of negative affect were strong and
consistent predictors of vulnerability to alcohol problems across samples and criterion variables.
With the exception of the clinical sample, the combined models predicted vulnerability to
negative consequences better than vulnerability to problem drinker status. Among the clinical
and community samples the combined model predicted problem drinker status better than in the
student samples.


title: An examination of existential faith in the writtings of Søren Kierkegaard

subject:
Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Existentialism.
Faith.

abstract:
This thesis takes seriously the proposition that existentialism is a lived philosophy. While Descartes'
proof for the existence of God initially sparked my interest in philosophy, the insights of existentialism
have allowed me to appropriate philosophy as a way of life. I apply the insights of Kierkegaard's writings
to my spiritual and philosophy development. Philosophy is personal, and Kierkegaard's writings deal with
the development of the person in his aesthetic, ethical and religious dimensions. Philosophy is a struggle,
and this thesis, reveals the existential struggle of the individual in despair.
The thesis argues that authentic faith actually entails faith. The existential believer has this faith whereas
the religious believer does not. The subjectively reflective existential believer recognizes that a leap of
faith is needed; anything else, is just historical, speculative knowledge. The existential believer or, the
Knight of Faith, realizes that a leap of faith is needed to become open in inwardness to receive the
condition to understand the paradoxes that faith presents. I will present Kierkegaard's "Analogy of a
House" which is in essence, the backbone of his philosophy. I will discuss the challenge of moving from
one floor to the next. More specifically, I will discuss the anxiety that is felt in the very moment of the
transition from the first floor to the second floor. I will outline eight paradoxes that must me resolved in
order for the individual to continue on his journey to the top floor of the house.
I will argue that Kierkegaard's example of Abraham as a Knight of Faith is incorrect, that Abraham was
in fact not a Knight of Faith. I will also argue that we should find our own exemplars in our own lives by
looking for Knight of Faith traits in people we know and then trying to emulate those people. I will also
discuss Unamuno's "paradoxical faith" and argue that this kind of faith is a strong alternative to those
who find that Kierkegaard's existential faith is not a possibility.


title: La1-xSrxMnO3 as a candidate for a room temperature pressure sensor /

subject:
Perovskite
Manganese compounds.
Magnetoresistance.
Thin films
Temperature measurements.

abstract:
Perovskite manganite compounds, Lai-xDxMnOs (D-divalent alkaline earth
Ca, Sr or Ba), whose electrical and magnetic properties were first investigated
nearly a half century ago, have attracted a great deal of attention due
to their rich phase diagram.
From the point of view of designing a future application, the strong pressure
dependence of the resistivity and the accompanying effects in thin films have
potential for application in pressure sensing and electronic devices.
In this study we report our experimental investigations of pressure dependence
of the resistivity of Lao.siSvo^iQMnOs and Lai-xSvxMnOs (LSMO)
epitaxial films with x= 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, on SrTiOs substrates.


title: The analysis of gene transcripts associated with conidiation in the insect pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae /

subject:
Molecular genetics.
Conidia.
Metarhizium anisopliae.
Entomopathogenic fungi.

abstract:
Conidia of the insect pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae play an important role
in pathogenicity because they are the infective propagules that adhere to the surface of
the insect, then germinate and give rise to hyphal penetration of the insect cuticle.
Conidia are produced in the final stages of insect infection as the mycelia emerge from
the insect cadaver. The genes associated with conidiation have not yet been studied in
this fiingus. hi this study we used the PCR-based technique, suppression subtractive
hybridization (SSH) to selectively amplify conidial-associated genes in M. anisopliae.
We then identified the presence of these differentially expressed genes using the National
Center for Biotechnology Information database. One of the transcripts encoded an
extracellular subtilisin-like protease, Prl, which plays a fundamental role in cuticular
protein degradation. Analysis of the patterns of gene expression of the transcripts using
RT-PCR indicated that conidial-associated cDNAs are expressed during the development
of the mature conidium. RT-PCR analysis was also performed to examine in vivo
expression of Prl during infection of waxworm larvae {Galleria mellonelld). Results
showed expression of Prl as mycelia emerge and produce conidia on the surface of the
cadaver. It is well documented that Prl is produced during the initial stages of
transcuticular penetration by M. anisopliae. We suggest that upregulation of Prl is part
of the mechanism by which reverse (from inside to the outside of the host) transcuticular
penetration of the insect cuticle allows subsequent conidiation on the cadaver.


title: The effect of a weighted-vest strength and balance training program on obstructed walking in postmenopausal women

subject:
Muscle strength.
Equilibrium (Physiology)
Human locomotion.
Physical education for women.
Exercise for middle-aged persons.
Exercise for older people.
Exercise for women.

abstract:
SUMMARY
Background: Age related declines in lower extremity strength have been associated with
impaired mobility and changes in gait patterns, which increase the likelihood of falls.
Since community dwelling adults encounter a wide range of locomotor challenges
including uneven and obstmcted walking surfaces, we examined the effect of a strength
11
and balance exercise program on obstructed walking in postmenopausal women.
Objectives: This study examined the effect of a weighted-vest strength and balance
exercise program on adaptations of the stance leg during obstacle walking in
postmenopausal women. Methods: Eighteen women aged 44-62 years who had not
engaged in regular resistance training for the past year were recruited from the St.
Catharines community to participate in this study. Eleven women volunteered for an
aerobic (walking), strength, and balance training program 3 times per week for 12 weeks
while 7 women volunteered as controls. Measurements included: force platform dynamic
balance measure of the center of pressure (COP) and ground reaction forces (GRFs) in the
stance leg while going over obstacles of different heights (0,5, 10,25 and 30 cm); and
isokinetic strength measures of knee and ankle extension and flexion. Results: Of the 18
women, who began the trial, 16 completed it. The EX group showed a significant increase
of 40% in ankle plantar flexion strength (P < 0.05). However, no improvements in
measures of COP or GRFs were observed for either group. Failure to detect any changes in
measures of dynamic balance may be due to small sample size. Conclusions:
Postmenopausal women experience significant improvements in ankle strength with 12
weeks of a weighted-vest balance and strength training program, however, these changes
do not seem to be associated with any improvement in measures of dynamic balance.


title: Home schooling in view of John Calvin : a study in education and communion of saints /

subject: Canadian Reformed Church (Niagara Peninsula)

subject: Canadian Reformed Churches

subject: Home schooling.

abstract:
This study explores the tension that has emerged around the rise of home
schooling in a faith-community strongly committed to establishing and maintaining day
schools in the tradition of John Calvin. It aims to identify and understand factors that
contributed to this tension and to find ways to bridge, diffuse, reduce, or eliminate it. In
line with Calvin, personal convictions, and the nature of the community, the study takes a
Christian epistemological and axiological stance. Its premise is that the integrity of the
commvmity is more important than the manner in which its children are taught.
The study reviews relevant literature and several interviews. It considers both
secular and Christian literature to understand communities, community breakdown, and
community restoration. It also examines literature about the significance of home, school,
and community relationships; the attraction of Reformed day schools; and the appeal of
home schooling. Interviews were conducted with 4 home schooling couples and 2 focus
groups. One focus group included local school representatives, and the other home
schoolers and school representatives from an area with reputedly less tension on the issue.
Interviews were designed for participants to give their perspectives on reasons for home
schooling, the existing tension, and ways to resolve the issues.
The study identifies the rise of home schooling in this particular context as the
initial issue and the community's deficiency to properly deal with it as the chief cause for
the rising tensions. However, I argue that, within the norms the community firmly
believes in, home schooling need not jeopardize its integrity. I call for personal, social,
and spiritual renewal to restore the covenant community in gratitude to God.


title: Collaborative reflection : supporting one practitioner's development of online learning communities /

subject:
Reflection (Philosophy)
Students
Experiential learning.
Action research in education.
Science

abstract:
This is a study of one participant's reflective practice as she worked to develop
online communities in a face-to-face science course. Her process of reflective practice
was examined in order to address factors that influenced her learning path, and the
benefits and challenges of collaborative action research. These research goals were
pursued using a collaborative action research methodology, initially chosen for its close
match with Schon's (1983) model of reflective practice. The participant's learning fit
vnth Mezirow's (1991) model of transformative learning. She began with beliefs that
matched her goals, and she demonstrated significant learning in three areas. First, she
demonstrated instrumental learning around the constraints of workload and time, and
achieving online learning community indicators. Second, she demonstrated
communicative learning that helped her to see her own needs for feedback and
communication more clearly, and how other process partners had been a support to her.
Third, her emancipatory learning saw her revisiting and questioning her goals. It was
through the reflective conversation during the planned meetings and the researcher's reframing
and interrogation of that reflection that the participant was able to clarify and
extend her thinking, and in so doing, critically reflect on her practice as she worked to
develop online learning communities. In this way, the collaborative action research
methodology was an embodiment of co-constructivism through collaborative reflective
practice. Schon's (1983) model of reflective practice positions a lone practitioners
moving through cycles ofplan-act-observe-reflect. The results fi"om this study suggest
that collaboration is an important piece of the reflective practice model.


title: Online problem-based learning : perceptions of nursing educators /

subject:
Problem-based learning.
Nursing
Nursing

abstract:
A qualitative study was conducted to detennine 5 nursing educators'
perceptions about the online application of a problem-based learning strategy in
undergraduate nursing education. The question asked in the study was: Can the
essential elements of face-to-face problem-based learning be supported in an online
format? The data for this study came from 2 individual tape-recorded interviews
with each of the 5 participants over a 3-month period and from a researchjournaI.
The educators felt that student-centered learning and critical thinking could be
supported within an online format. However, they noted that challenges could exist
in terms of developing tutor roles, fostering student self-direction, facilitating group
process and connections, and incorporating a nursing philosophy of online learning.
The importance of tailoring an online problem-based learning course to reflect
educators' philosophies and values in nursing emerged as an important theme from
the interview responses. Overall, the participants suggested that an ideal
environment would blend both face-to-face and online elements and that fewer
elements would be offered in the first 2 years of the nursing program. They
described a hybrid model of problem-based learning in which the online component
could be used to support face-to-face sessions.


title: Tourism and the precautionary principle : a survey of academic and government stakeholders

subject:
Tourism.
Sustainable development.
Tourism

abstract:
The purpose of this exploratory investigation was to provide a more precise
understanding and basis from which to assess the potential role of the precautionary
principle in tourism. The precautionary principle, analogous to the ideal of sustainable
development, is a future-focused planning and regulatory mechanism that emphasizes
pro-action and recognizes the limitations of contemporary scientific methods. A total of
100 respondents (80 tourism academics, 20 regional government tourism officials) from
Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand completed the webbased
survey between May and June 2003. Respondents reported their understanding of
the precautionary principle, rated stakeholder involvement and education strategies,
assessed potential barriers in implementation, and appraised steps of a proposed
fi-amework for implementation. Due to low sub sample numbers, measures of central
tendency were primarily used to compare groups, while inferential statistics were applied
when warranted. Results indicated that most respondents (79%) felt the principle could
be a guiding principle for tourism, while local and regional government entities were
reported to have the most power in the implementation process. Findings suggested close
links between the precautionary principle and sustainability, as concern for future
generations was the most critical element of the principle for tourism. Overall, tourism
academics were more supportive of the precautionary principle in tourism than were
regional government tourism officials. Only minor variation was found in responses
among regional groups across all variables. This study established basic ground for
understanding the precautionary principle in tourism and has been effective in
formulating more precise questions for future research.


title: The exercise leader's gender and physique salience : effects on self-presentational concerns in an exercise context

subject:
Exercise
Physical fitness

abstract:
Self-presentation is the process by which individuals attempt to monitor and
control how others perceive and evaluate them (Leary, 1992; Leary & Kowalski, 1990).
Self-presentational concerns have been shown to influence a number of exercise-related
behaviours, cognitions, and affective responses to exercise (e.g., social anxiety). Social
anxiety occurs when an individual wants to create a specific impression on others, but is
unsure (s)he will be successful (Leary & Kowalski, 1995). Social physique anxiety (SPA)
is a specific form of social anxiety related the evaluation of one's body (Hart, Leary, &
Rejeski, 1989). Both social anxiety and SPA may act as deterrents to exercise (Lantz,
Hardy, & Ainsworth, 1997; Leary, 1992), so it is important to examine factors that may
influence social anxiety and SPA; one such factor is self-presentational efficacy (SPE).
SPE is one's confidence in successfully making desired impressions on others (Leary &
Atherton, 1986) and has been associated with social anxiety and SPA (Leary &
Kowalski, 1995; Gammage, Martin Ginis, & Hall, 2004).
Several aspects of the exercise environment, such as the presence of mirrors,
clothing, and the exercise leader or other participant characteristics, may be manipulated
to influence self-presentational concerns (e.g., Gammage, Martin Ginis et aI., 2004;
Martin & Fox, 2001; Martin Ginis, Prapavessis, & Haase, 2005). Given that the exercise
leader has been recognized as one of the most important influences in the group exercise
context (Franklin, 1988), it is important to further examine how the leader may impact
self-presentational concerns. The present study examined the impact of the exercise
leader's gender and physique salience (i.e., the extent to which the body was emphasized)
on SPE, state social anxiety (SSA), and state social physique anxiety (SPA-S) of women
in a live exercise class.
Eighty-seven college-aged female non- or infrequent exercisers (i.e., exercised 2
or fewer times per week) participated in a group exercise class led by one of four leaders:
a female whose physique was salient; a female whose physique was non-salient; a male
whose physique was salient; or a male whose physique was non-salient. Participants
completed measures of SPE, SSA, and SPA-S prior to and following completion of a 30-
minute group exercise class. In addition, a measure of social comparison to the exercise
leader and other participants with respect to attractiveness, skill, and fitness was
completed by participants following the exercise class.
A MANOV A was conducted to examine differences between groups on postexercise
variables. Results indicated that there were no significant differences between
groups on measures ofSPE, SSA, or SPA-S (allp's > .05). However, when all
participants were collapsed into one group, a MANOV A showed a significant time effect
(F(3, 81) = 19.45,p < .05, 1')2= .419). Follow-up ANOVAs indicated that post-exercise
SPE increased significantly, while SSA and SPA-S decreased significantly (SPE: F(I,
83) = 30.87,p < .001,1')2 = .27; SSA: F(I,83) = 11.09,p < .001, 1')2 = .12; SPA-S: F (1,83)
= 42.79,p < .001, 1')2 = .34). Further, results of a MANOVA revealed that participants
who believed they were less fit than other group members (i.e., made negative social
comparisons) reported significantly more post-exercise SSA and SP A-S than those who
believed they were more fit than the other participants (i.e., made positive comparisons;
SSA: F(2, 84) = 3.46, p < .05, 1')2 = .08; SPA-S: F(2, 84) = 5.69, p < .05, 1')2 = .12).
These results may indicate that successfully completing an exercise class may
serve as a source of SPE and lead to reduced social anxiety and SPA-S in this population.
Alternatively, characteristics of the exercise leader may be less important than
characteristics of the other participants. These results also suggest that the types of social
comparisons made may influence self-presentational concerns in this sample. Future
research should examine how the type of social comparison (i.e., negative or positive)
made to the other group members may either generate or reduce anxiety. Also, factors
that contribute to the types of social comparisons made with other exercisers should be
examined. Implications for practice and research are discussed.


title: Hurry up and slow down : education to close the ingenuity gap /

subject:
Problem solving
Decision making
Creative ability
Civilization, Modern
Twenty-first century.
Technology
Social change.

abstract:
To explore the idea of education to close the ingenuity gap I use
Thomas Homer-Dixon's work to define ingenuity. The notion that the
supply of ingenuity to solve our technical and social problems is not
keeping pace with the ingenuity required to solve those problems is
called the ingenuity gap. Man-made technological developments are
increasing the density, intensity, and pace of globalisation. People must
reorganise decision-making organisations and problem-solving methods
to pragmatically combat the growing ingenuity gap. John Dewey's work
illustrates the fundamental attitudes for the thinking and judgment
associated with educating for ingenuity. Howard Gardner's idea that
truth, beauty, and morality ought to form the core values and tenets of
the philosophy of educating for ingenuity is integral to this thesis. The
act of teaching facilitates the invitation to the communication necessary
to foster ingenuity. John Novak-discusses the five relationships of
educational leadership that enhance an environment of ingenuity. The
International Baccalaureate (IB) is an existing model of global education,
one that defines some of the school experiences and academic
development of core values of educating for ingenuity. Expanding upon
the structure of the IB and other research within this thesis, I speculate
upon what my school, where educating for ingenuity so as to close the
ingenuity gap is the goal, would be like.


title: Citizen Jane : exploring the relationship between gender and cellular phones in societies of control

contributor: Social Justice and Equity Studies Program

subject:
Cellular telephones
Technology and women

abstract:
In this thesis, I argue that the mutually productive relationship between women (as
gendered subjects) and cellular phone technology is one of control. Women use cellular
phones to organize, manage and otherwise control the multiplicity of tasks required of
them on a daily basis. At the same time, through using cell phones, women participate in
regimes of control including surveillance and persistent connection. I explore this
relationship at the level of everyday practice, and conclude by speculating about this
relationship at a wider level of social control and organization.
This argument emerges from the critical approach suggested by Slack and Wise (2005),
who argue that technology and culture are inseparable. They provide articulations and
assemblages as tools of analysis. I situate this analysis more broadly within Foucault's
(1991) work on govemmentality, in its modem form of societies of control (Deleuze,
1995b).


title: What children value : a scale to guide health promotion programs

subject:
Health promotion.
Children
Exercise for children.
Motivation (Psychology)

abstract:
Objective. Physical activity is important for the health of all human beings.
Although it is important to develop good health promotion programs for children to
increase participation in physical activity, to date there appear to be no programs based
on what kids value beyond health and physical activity itself. This study proposed to
create a scale with strong content and face validity that could uncover what any given
population of children value in life regardless of their participation in physical activity
and that experts feel could be related to physical activity. These findings will allow the
development of targeted health promotion programs to increase children's participation in
regular physical activity.
Method In this study, a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches
was used. Data were gathered from seven experts in the field, sixty-seven children in
grades three to five, five parents, and three teachers. From these data response groupings
were created and sent to four experts to be given single word names. The resulting nine
theme names were re-worked into "child-friendly" language. Four children were then
asked to discuss theme names to see if they liked and understood them. The next step
involved asking children and experts to rank order the nine themes, the children in
general and the experts in terms of relevance to physical activity. From these results,
possible versions of the scale were then created using the combined expert/children
rankings. Each version was examined for content validity. Two versions of a scale
resulted. These were sent to experts, parents, teachers and children in order to determine
which one they liked better and to suggest any foreseeable problems. Once this
information was collected, a beta (final prototype) version of the scale was created.
Results. Nine common theme names were created from the response groupings.
All four children agreed that they did understand and like each of the nine theme names.
Experts and teachers agreed that full coverage of the content had been achieved.
Children suggested a single wording change from "Being Accepted" to "Being Included".
Five themes were selected for inclusion. The beta version of the scale included 12 forced
choice statements, the first ten comparing all themes against one another followed by two
anchor statements.
Conclusion. At the outset it was recognized that it is essential to know what
children think is important in their lives in order to serve as potential benefits in the
development of effective physical activity promotion programs. This study developed a
scale which could be used to determine what a population of children feel is important in
order to focus health promotion programs for physical activity. The scale has strong face
and content validity.


title: Information technology, governance, and the federal public service : a resource-based approach to informatization /

subject:
Electronic government information
Federal government
Civil service


title: An investigative study on the effects of black fly (diptera: simuliidae) sugar meals on reproductive success and parasite transmission /

subject: Simulium Simulium Parasites. Sugar.

abstract:
Black flies are opportunistic sugar-feeders. They take sugar meals from
Homopteran honeydew secretions or plant nectars, depending on availability.
Homopteran honeydew secretions contain both simple and complex carbohydrates while
plant nectars contain primarily simple carbohydrates. In order to determine whether
honeydew secretions offer more energy than plant nectars to their insect visitors a study
of wild-caught black flies was undertaken in Algonquin Provincial Park, Canada during
the spring of 1 998 and 1 999. It was hypothesized that female black flies maintained on
honeydew sugars will survive longer, produce more eggs and have a greater parasite
vectoring potential than those maintained on artificial nectar or distilled water. Results
demonstrated that: (1) host-seeking female Prosimulimfuscum/mixtum and Simulium
venustum maintained on artificial honeydew did not survive longer than those maintained
on artificial nectar when fed ad libitum; (2) fiiUy engorged S. venustum and Simulium
rugglesi maintained on artificial honeydew did not produce more eggs than those
maintained on artificial nectar when fed ad libitum; and (3) S. rugglesi did not have a
greater vectoring potential of Leucocytozoon simondi when maintained on artificial
honeydew as opposed to artificial nectar when fed ad libitum. However, all flies
maintained on the two sugars (artificial honeydew and artificial nectar) survived longer,
produce more eggs and had greater vectoring potential than those maintained on distilled
water alone.


title: The study of ligand binding specificities of the lipid binding proteins : recombinant human a-tocopherol transport protein (a-ttp), supernatant protein factor (spf) and S. cerevisiae Sec 14p for vitamin e (rrr-a-tocopherol) and other hydrophobic ligands.

subject:
Ligand binding (Biochemistry)
Fatty acid-binding proteins.
Lipids
Lipids
Vitamin E.
Carrier proteins.

abstract:
One of the various functions of proteins in biological systems is the transport of small
molecules, for this purpose proteins have naturally evolved special mechanisms to allow both
ligand binding and its subsequent release to a target site; a process fundamental to many
biological processes. Transport of Vitamin E (a-tocopherol), a lipid soluble antioxidant, to
membranes helps in the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids against peroxidative damage.
In this research, the ligand binding characteristics of several members of the CRALTRIO
family of lipid binding proteins was examined; the recombinant human a-Tocopherol
Transfer Protein (a-TIP), Supernatant Protein Factor (SPF)ffocopherol Associated Protein
(TAP), Cellular Retinaldehyde Binding Protein (CRALBP) and the phosphatidylinositol transfer
protein from S. cerevisiae Sec 14p. Recombinant Sec 14p was expressed and purified from E. coli
for comparison of tocopherol binding to the two other recombinant proteins postulated to traffic
a-tocopherol.
Competitive binding assays using [3H]-a-tocopherol and Lipidex-l000 resin allowed
determination of the dissociation constants ~) of the CRAL-TRIO proteins for a-tocopherol
and - 20 hydrophobic ligands for evaluation of the possible biological relevance of the binding
interactions observed.
The KIs (nM) for RRR-a-tocopherol are: a-TIP: 25.0, Sec 14p: 373, CRALBP: 528 and
SPFffAP: 615. This indicates that all proteins recognize tocopherol but not with the same
affinity. Sec 14p bound its native ligand PI with a KI of381 whereas SPFffAP bound PI (216)
and y-tocopherol (268) similarly in contrast to the preferential binding ofRRR-a-tocopherol by
a-TIP.
Efforts to adequately represent biologically active SPFff AP involved investigation of
tocopherol binding for several different recombinant proteins derived from different constructs
and in the presence of different potential modulators (Ca+2, Mg+2, GTP and GDP); none of these
conditions enhanced or inhibited a-tocopherol binding to SPF. This work suggests that only aTTP
serves as the physiological mediator of a-tocopherol, yet structural homology between
proteins allows common recognition of similar ligand features.
In addition, several photo-affmity analogs of a-tocopherol were evaluated for their
potential utility in further elucidation of a-TTP function or identification of novel tocopherol
binding proteins.


title: A critical examination of the involvement of Canadian high-performance athletes in the development of anti-doping policy

subject:
Doping in sports
Doping in sports
Athletes
Sports administration

abstract:
The use of certain perfonnance enhancing substances and methods has been
defined as a major ethical breach by parties involved in the governance of highperfonnance
sport. As a result, elite athletes worldwide are subject to rules and
regulations set out in international and national anti-doping policies. Existing literature on
the development of policies such as the World Anti-Doping Code and The Canadian antiDoping
Program suggests a sport system in which athletes are rarely meaningfully
involved in policy development (Houlihan, 2004a). Additionally, it is suggested that this
lack of involvement is reflective of a similar lack of involvement in other areas of
governance concerning athletes' lives. The purpose ofthis thesis is to examine the history
and current state of athletes' involvement in the anti-doping policy process in Canada's
high-perfonnance sport system. It includes discussion and analysis of recently conducted
interviews with those involved in the policy process as well as an analysis of relevant
documents, including anti-doping policies. The findings demonstrate that Canadian
athletes have not been significantly involved in the creation of recently developed antidoping
policies and that a re-evaluation of current policies is necessary to more fully
recognize the reality of athletes' lives in Canada's high-perfonnance sport system and
their rights within that system.


title: The effectiveness of interpretive methods in informal educational facilities : an experimental study with reference to marine parks

subject: Marine parks and reserves

subject: Interpretation of cultural and natural resources

abstract:
Interpretation has been used in many tourism sectors as a technique in achieving
building hannony between resources and human needs. The objectives of this study are to
identify the types of the interpretive methods used, and to evaluate their effectiveness, in
marine parks. This study reviews the design principles of an effective interpretation for
marine wildlife tourism, and adopts Drams' five design principles (1997) into a
conceptual framework. Enjoyment increase, knowledge gain, attitude and intention
change, and behaviour modification were used as key indicators in the assessment of the
interpretive effectiveness of the Vancouver Aquarium (VA) and Marineland Canada (MC).
Since on-site research is unavailable, a virtual tour is created to represent the interpretive
experiences in the two study sites. Self-administered questionnaires are used to measure
responses. Through comparing responses to the questionnaires (pre-, post-virtual tours
and follow-up), this study found that interpretation increased enjoyment and added to
respondents' knowledge. Although the changes in attitudes and intentions are not
significant, the findings indicate that attitude and intention changes did occur as a result
of interpretation, but only to a limited extent. Overall results suggest that more techniques
should be added to enhance the effectiveness of the interpretation in marine parks or
self-guiding tours, and with careful design, virtual tours are the innovative interpretation
techniques for marine parks or informal educational facilities.


title: Academics as parents--parents as academics : a study of the integration of intellectual and child-care labours /

subject:
Child care
Parenting
Work and family
College teachers

abstract:
Discussions concerning the challenges of combining work and family are certainly not
new, and still actively continue. There is, however, a silence in the related literature
regarding a comprehensive description of integrating specifically university academic
~. work and family responsibilities. This silence is especially evident for men who are
parents as well as academics. With the participation of 4 key informants, this qualitative
research study gave voice to men and women who participate in the academic labour of a
Canadian university as professors, and as graduate students, along with the parenting
labour of at least 1 child under the age of7.
Methodology was developed to reveal in-depth perspectives regarding the work
practices employed by 4 key informants as they combined intellectual and child-care
responsibilities. Multiple data collection methods included journal reflections, day time
observation sessions, a focus group, and a final evaluation questionnaire. Using research
findings, together with information extrapolated from Three Models of the Family
(Eichler, 1997), this study also took steps toward developing a Proposed "Three Models
of the University," to offer explanation for the work practices of the key informants as
academics/parents, and also for future consideration in university policy formation.


title: Adolescent females' self-concept and physical education : a Q-sort analysis /

subject:
Physical education and training
Physical education and training
Self-perception in adolescence.
Teenage girls.

abstract:
This research illuminates the relationship between female
adolescents' self-concept and their experience of physical education.
This was accomplished through three stages of interviews and a Qsort.
The topics through which the research was categorized included
peer support, teachers as significant others, meaningful connections
to the body, and curriculum content. During stage one female physical
education specialists, curriculum coordinators, and adolescents were
interviewed to develop Q-items for the Q-sort. The second stage
Involved two groups of females between the ages of 12 and 14 years
who participated in the Q-sort. The final stage involved an insight
group that consisted of four Q-sort participants who interpreted the
highest ranking Q-items. Critical to this research was giving these
adolescents the opportunity to voice what was important to them.
The results of the research included descriptions of the
elements in physical education that were deemed most important by
female adolescent students. The topics of "peer support" and
"meaningful connections to the body" were ranked the highest. By
interpreting the rich insights of the discussion group, it was found that
peers were most influential to these young girls. Perceiving and
bestowing respect were imperative in this stage of their lives.


title: Adolescent sexuality : an investigation into the relation between sexuality and self-concept /

subject:
Teenagers
Self-perception in adolescence.

abstract:
The present study explored the connections among adolescents' sense of self,
sexuality, and perceptions of risk. Such an exploration may help educators to further
understand why adolescents engage in risk-taking behaviours such as unprotected sex.
The study involved secondary analysis on the data collected from the Youth
Lifestyle Choices - Community University Research Alliance 2000 (YLC - CURA)
Youth Resilience Questionnaire (YRQ). Participants were 300 male and female students
in Grades 9, 1 1 and OAC. Data analyses involved both descriptive and inferential
statistics (correlational and multivariate analysis). Chi-square analyses were performed
on the open-ended self-description question. Separate analyses were conducted on
gender and age (grade levels).
Correlational analyses revealed that adolescents with a more positive sense of self
were more likely to perceive sexual involvement as a relatively high-risk behaviour.
Specifically, results found that male adolescents were less likely than females to perceive
sex to be risky. Results are discussed in relation to previous research in the area of selfcognitions
and risk-taking sexual behaviour. Results are also discussed in terms of
educational implications in that the current results may provide the beginnings of a
framework for more holistic sexual education programs.


title: Aristotle on partnerships : understanding the friendless city /

subject:
Aristotle.
Aristotle.
Aristotle
Natural law.
Friendship.
Political science.


title: Aryl hydroxamic acid analogues as potential therapeutic agents /

subject:
Hydroxamic acids.
Protease inhibitors.

abstract:
A new synthetic pathway to analogues of the aglucones of naturally occurring
cyclic hydroxamic acids (2,4-dihydroxy-l,4-benzoxazin-3-ones) has been developed.
The new pathway involves the coupling of substituted nitrophenols wdth /-propyl-abromo-
O-methoxymethylglycolate. These materials were reductively cyclised to
reveal the hydroxamic acid functionality. Removal of the C-2 0-methoxymethyl
protecting group was achieved chemoselectively using boron trichloride. The
analogue 7-methoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-l,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) was assayed
with papain and a semilog plot of activity of papain in the presence of excess
DIMBOA was found to be linear. A single exponential equation was suggested as the
model for kinetic analysis. '^ Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of a
couple of hydroxamates were acquired as reference standards for future mechanistic
studies of these compounds as thiol protease inhibitors. A 10% '^-labeled sample
ofDIMBOA was also prepared for future mechanistic studies using NMR techniques.


title: Attractive silences in cricket courtship song : mate choice using a short-range signal /

subject:
Courtship in animals.
Sexual selection in animals.
Communication and sex.

abstract:
Matings systems using signals for sexual communication have been studied
extensively and results commonly suggest that females use these signals for locating
males, species-identification, and mate choice. Although numerous mating systems
employ multiple signals, research has generally focused on long-range signals perhaps
due to their prominence and ease of study. This study focused on the short-range
acoustic courtship song of crickets. The results presented here suggest this signal is
under selection by female choice. Females mated preferentially with males having
shorter silences between the two types of ticks within the song. The length of these
silences (Gap 1) was correlated with male condition such that males having long
silences were significantly lower in mass with respect to body size when compared to
males having short silences. Both Gap 1 length and male condition were significantly
repeatable within males over time suggesting the possibility these traits have a genetic
basis. This study is the first empirical study to test female preferences within the natural
variation of the courtship song. It now appears, at least in crickets, that both the longand
short-range signals of a multi-signal mating system may contribute to male mating
success.


title: The battle over deficits : the struggle to maintain Canada's social welfare state : a thesis /

subject:
Budget deficits
Debts, Public
Public welfare

abstract:
Abstract
This thesis seeks to answer a number of questions concerning
the deficit and debt in Canada. It focuses pri.arily on the
federal level of government but with SOBe discussion of provincial
governaent policy as well. In ~997, Canada's federal debt caae
close ro six hundred billion dollars - $594 billion or 74.4 % of
Gross Do.estic Product (GDP) to be exact. The purpose of this
theses is threefold: To find out why Canada accu.ulated such a
debt, to discover if there is a so-called debt crisis; and to
discover if it is possible to preserve Canada's national welfare
state given the financial restraints that have been adopted by both
federal and provincial governments.
Politicians are torn between economist' two contrasting views
regarding deficits: Neo-Keynesian and neo-conservative. The neoKeynesian
school focuses al1llOst exclusively on the short term
stability of the economy and tends to dismiss concerns regarding
the level of debt. Neo conservatives focus almost exclusively on
the perceived costs of growth in the national debt and are willing
to forego any stabilization benefits to ensure that the debt is
controlled. These polar view do have one thing in coa.on; both
confix-. that deficits influence govermaent policies. Both of these
econoBic theories will have far-reaching influences on the federal
gover1lJlJent's decision-making process. These economic theories will
be discussed throughout this thesis.


title: Biotransformations of water insoluble substrates in aqueous, two-phase and encapsulated systems /

subject:
Biotransformation (Metabolism)
Organic compounds
Enzymes
Microencapsulation.

abstract:
The biotransformation of water insoluble substrates by mammalian and
bacterial cells has been problematic, since these whole cell reactions are
primarily performed in an aqueous environment The implementation of a twophase
or encapsulated system has the advantages of providing a low water
system along with the physiological environment the cells require to sustain
themselves. Encapsulation of mammalian cells by formation of polyamide
capsules via interfacial polymerization illustrated that the cells could not survive
this type of encapsulation process. Biotransformation of the steroid
spironolactone [3] by human kidney carcinoma cells was performed in a
substrate-encapsulated system, yielding canrenone [4] in 70% yield.
Encapsulation of nitrile-metabolizing Rhodococcus rhodochrous cells using a
polyamide membrane yielded leaky capsules, but biotransformation of 2-(4-
chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyronitrile (CPIN) [6] in a free cell system yielded
CPIN amide [7] in 40% yield and 94% ee. A two-phase biotransformation of
CPIN consisting of a 5:1 ratio of tris buffer, pH 7.2 to octane respectively, gave
CPIN acid [8] in 30% yield and 97% ee. It was concluded that Rhodococcus
rhodochrous ATCC 17895 contained a nonselective nitrile hydratase and a highly
selective amidase enzyme.


title: Bird depredation of grapes in Niagara vineyards : a novel approach to identifying spatial and temporal trends /

subject:
Grapes
Bird pests
Bird pests

abstract:
Although local grape growers view bird depredation as a significant economic issue, the
most recent research on the problem in the Niagara Peninsula is three decades old. Peer-reviewed
publications on the subject are rare, and researchers have struggled to develop bird-damage
assessment techniques useful for facilitating management programmes. I used a variation of
Stevenson and Virgo's (1971) visual estimation procedure to quantify spatial and temporal trends
in bird damage to grapes within single vineyard plots at two locations near St. Catharines, Ontario.
I present a novel approach to managing the rank-data from visual estimates, which is
unprecedented in its sensitivity to spatial trends in bird damage. I also review its valid use in
comparative statistical analysis.
Spatial trends in 3 out of 4 study plots confirmed a priori predictions about localisation in
bird damage based on optimal foraging from a central location (staging area). Damage to grape
clusters was: (1) greater near the edges of vineyard plots and decreased with distance towards the
center, (2) greater in areas adjacent to staging areas for birds, and (3) vertically stratified, with
upper-tier clusters sustaining more damage than lower-tier clusters.
From a management perspective, this predictive approach provides vineyard owners with
the ability to identify the portions of plots likely to be most susceptible to bird damage, and thus
the opportunity to focus deterrent measures in these areas. Other management considerations at
Henry of Pelham were: (1) wind damage to ice-wine Riesling and Vidal was much higher than
bird damage, (2) plastic netting with narrow mesh provided more effective protection agsiinst birds
than nylon netting with wider mesh, and (3) no trends in relative susceptibility of varietals by
colour (red vs green) were evident.


title: Calculation of the magnetic field penetration depth for high-Tc cuprate superconductors based on the Interlayer Pair Tunneling model /

subject:
High temperature superconductivity
Superconductivity.
Copper oxide superconductors.

abstract:
In this work, the magnetic field penetration depth for high-Tc cuprate superconductors
is calculated using a recent Interlayer Pair Tunneling (ILPT) model proposed by
Chakravarty, Sudb0, Anderson, and Strong [1] to explain high temperature superconductivity.
This model involves a "hopping" of Cooper pairs between layers of the unit
cell which acts to amplify the pairing mechanism within the planes themselves. Recent
work has shown that this model can account reasonably well for the isotope effect and
the dependence of Tc on nonmagnetic in-plane impurities [2] , as well as the Knight shift
curves [3] and the presence of a magnetic peak in the neutron scattering intensity [4]. In
the latter case, Yin et al. emphasize that the pair tunneling must be the dominant pairing
mechanism in the high-Tc cuprates in order to capture the features found in experiments.
The goal of this work is to determine whether or not the ILPT model can account for
the experimental observations of the magnetic field penetration depth in YBa2Cu307_a7.
Calculations are performed in the weak and strong coupling limits, and the efi"ects of both
small and large strengths of interlayer pair tunneling are investigated. Furthermore, as a
follow up to the penetration depth calculations, both the neutron scattering intensity and
the Knight shift are calculated within the ILPT formalism. The aim is to determine if the
ILPT model can yield results consistent with experiments performed for these properties.
The results for all three thermodynamic properties considered are not consistent with
the notion that the interlayer pair tunneling must be the dominate pairing mechanism
in these high-Tc cuprate superconductors. Instead, it is found that reasonable agreement
with experiments is obtained for small strengths of pair tunneling, and that large pair
tunneling yields results which do not resemble those of the experiments.


title: Calculation of nondifferential properties for atomic ground states /

subject:
Atomic theory.
Molecular theory.
Monte Carlo method.

abstract:
A new method for sampling the exact (within the nodal error) ground state distribution
and nondiflPerential properties of multielectron systems is developed and applied to firstrow
atoms. Calculated properties are the distribution moments and the electronic density
at the nucleus (the 6 operator). For this purpose, new simple trial functions are developed
and optimized.
First, using Hydrogen as a test case, we demonstrate the accuracy of our algorithm
and its sensitivity to error in the trial function. Applications to first row atoms are then
described. We obtain results which are more satisfactory than the ones obtained previously
using Monte Carlo methods, despite the relative crudeness of our trial functions.
Also, a comparison is made with results of highly accurate post-Hartree Fock calculations,
thereby illuminating the nodal error in our estimates.
Taking into account the CPU time spent, our results, particularly for the 8 operator,
have a relatively large variance. Several ways of improving the eflSciency together with
some extensions of the algorithm are suggested.


title: Can poor readers visually recognize words they are unable to read? /

subject:
Word recognition.
Vocabulary.
Language acquisition.

abstract:
The ability to learn new reading vocabulary was assessed in 30 grade 3 poor readers
reading approximately one to two years below grade level; the results of the assessment
were compared to the performance abilities of 33 normal readers in grade 3 as obtained
from an earlier study that employed the same approach and stimuli. The purpose of the
study was to examine the strategies employed by poor readers in the acquisition of new
reading vocabulary. Students were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (Mixed
Phonics Explicit), or to a control group (Phonics Implicit). Subjects in the Mixed Phonics
Explicit groups received explicit letter/sound correspondence training. Subjects in the
Phonics Implicit group were asked to re-read the presented pseudo-words, receiving
corrective feedback when necessary. The stimuli on which the subjects were trained
involved a list of six pseudo-words presented in sentences as surnames. The training
involved a teaching and test format on each trial for a total of six trials or until criterion
had been reached. The results suggested that both normal and poor readers engage in
visual learning and verbal coding when acquiring new reading vocabulary. However, poor
readers appear to engage in less verbal coding than normal readers. Between group
comparisons showed no difference between poor and normal readers in trials and errors to
criterion in the visual recognition memory measure. However, normal readers performed
significantly better in reading their visual recognition choices.


title: Cardiovascular health risk profiling of Niagara Region grade 9 students : implications for elementary curriculum /

subject:
Health education
Physical education and training
Teenagers
Teenagers

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine if Ontario's health and physical
education curriculum contributes sufficiently to ensure the health of our children and
young adults. To determine the curriculum effect, the health risk profile of Niagara
Region's grade 9 students was compared to Canada's adolescent population. All subjects
completed a "Heart Health Lifestyle" survey and were measured for height, weight,
percent body fat, blood pressure, and total cholesterol and performed the 20-metre shuttle
run test as part of their physical and health education classes. The Niagara Region grade 9
population had a healthy risk profile. Aerobic power was inversely related, and
cholesterol levels were positively associated to body mass index and percent body fat in
the whole group analysis. These results indicate that physical education can offer unique
and essential aspects allowing individuals a means to learn and control body movements
and keep physically fit while providing protection against modern disease. Ontario's
health and physical education curriculum does contribute to the health of our children and
adolescents; however, there is a need to implement a stronger mandate for daily vigorous
physical activity.


title: The challenges and successful strategies of secondary school administrators /

subject:
High school principals.
School management and organization.
School administrators.

abstract:
This study presents information gathered during personal interviews in the area of
challenges that administrators have faced in their careers, and the strategies they have
found to be successful in meeting those challenges. This research is a qualitative study,
using an inductive approach. Five participants were chosen, based on convenience
sampling, with semi-structured interviews that were audio recorded. The theoretical
research found that school violence and stafS'school morale were key challenges facing
administrators, with a variety of approaches suggested to foster success in meeting those
challenges. Some of these approaches included knowledge, team work, an ethic of care,
and having a school vision. From the interviews it became clear that the challenges
administrators faced included those posed by students, including disciplinary issues, those
posed by adults and those posed by government changes in education. In regards to
strategies for success, the interviews revealed three key concepts that were emphasized as
vital. These were the assets of craft knowledge (experience), collegiality, and the use of
other professional resources and educators.


title: Changing roles of nurse educators employed in acute and chronic care settings : the impact of professional and statutory mandates in Ontario at four sites of one hospital corporation /

subject: Nurses Nursing Nursing Hospitals

abstract:
The role of the hospital-employed nurse educator is evolving. Factors influencing
this change include the introduction of standards for nurse educators by the College of
Nurses of Ontario (CNO), a change in the way nurses are educated, the emergence of
nursing as a profession, and hospital restructuring as a result of budgetary constraints.
Two of these influencing factors: the introduction of the updated Standards of Practice
for Registered Nurses and Registered Practical Nurses (1996) and hospital restructuring
occurred over the last 7 years at several hospitals in southern Ontario. Current literature
as well as the Standards of Practice (1996) were utilized to examine the current roles and
responsibilities of nurse educators and subsequently develop a questionnaire to study the
impact of these influencing factors on the role of the nurse educator. This questionnaire
was piloted and revised before its distribution at 4 hospitals in southern Ontario.
Twenty-five of the 41 surveys (61%) distributed were returned for analysis. The data
reflected that the Standards of Practice had a positive influence on the role of the nurse
educator, while hospital restructuring had a negative impact. In addition, many of the
roles and responsibilities identified in the literature were indeed part of the current role
of nurse educators, as well as several responsibilities not captured in the literature. The
predictions for the future of this role in its current state were not positive given the
financial status of the health care system as well as the lack of clarity for the role and the
current level ofjob satisfaction among practicing nurse educators. However, a list of
recommendations were generated which, if implemented, could add clarity to the role
and improve job satisfaction. This could enhance the retention of current nurse educators
and the possibility of recruiting competent nurse educators to the role in the future.


title: Characterization and protein fingerprinting of Botrytis cinerea isolates /

subject:
Botrytis cinerea.
Fungal diseases of plants.

abstract:
Botrytis cinerea isolates collected from Niagara region were
treated with different concentrations of the fiingicide, iprodione to
test their sensitivity to this fungicide. These Botrytis cinerea isolates
were divided into two groups according to their sensitivity to
iprodione. Those isolates whose growth was inhibited by iprodione
at concentrations < 2|i,g/nil were classified as sensitive isolates.
Isolates that were able to show considerable growth at 2|j,g/ml
iprodione were classified as resistant isolates. Resistant and
sensitive isolates were compared for their morphological and growth
characteristics, conidial germination, virulence on grape berries and
protein banding profiles. The fungicide iprodione at a concentration
of 2|xg/nil inhibited mycelial growth, sporulation and conidial
germination of sensitive isolates but not those of resistant isolates.
The inhibitory effect of the fungicide was greater on mycelial growth
than on conidia germination of the sensitive isolates. Sensitive
isolates produced no sclerotia whereas resistant isolates produced
large number of sclerotia. The fungicide iprodione affected
sclerotial production in the resistant isolates. The number of
sclerotia was decreased by the increase of iprodione in the medium.
Sporulation of resistant isolates was improved significantly in the
presence of iprodione. The resistant isolates were as virulent as the
sensitive isolates on grape berries.
The sensitive and resistant isolates showed similar protein
banding profiles in the absence of iprodione in polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis studies. Similar protein profiles were also observed
when these isolates were grown in the presence of low iprodione

concentration (0.5|ig/nil). However, in the presence of concentration (0.5|ig/nil). However, in the presence of iprodione at
concentration of 5|Xg/nil, one protein band with approximate
molecular weight of 83 KDa was present in the growing resistant
isolates (and the controls) but was missing in the inhibited sensitive
isolates.


title: The characterization of new benzimidazole fungicides /

subject: Fungicides. Benomyl.

abstract:
Extensive studies have been initiated to generate enough data to register the methyl
homologue (MBC-MIC, see List of Abbreviations, page 14) of benomyl (MBC-BIC) as a
commercial product through a joint effort between the federal government and Canadian industry.
The objective of this study, as part of the whole project, was to generate fundamental data on the
physical properties of the series of benomyl homologues (MBC-MIC, MBC-EIC, MBC-PIC and
MBC-BIC). These data include the half lives of these compounds in water at the pH range from 2
to 12; they ranged from 0.7 to 10. 1 hours. Standard solutions of these compounds in concentrated
acid were found to be stable for at least two weeks, and in the case of MBC-MIC it was stable at
least 1 month.
Another major goal of this study was to determine the solubility of each compound in water
at different pHs in the range of 1 to 12. The solubility of the compounds ranged from 0.6 jig/mL
to 396 fig/mL. In addition, it was possible to prepare stable stock solutions at concentrations > 1 000
|ig/mL in concentrated nitric acid.
Several aspects of analytical methods have been improved to accurately assess the solubility
and rate of degradation of benomyl and its homologues in alkaline conditions.
The determination of melting points was attempted but all compounds decomposed before
melting.To complement the studies of the benomyl homologue series attempts were made to explore
the presence of any relationships between the structures of the compounds and their properties.
Although there were some exceptions, the compound's solubility decreased and half life increased
as the molecular size increased from the methyl to the butyl analogue.


title: Charting the territory : how female artist/teachers balance their artistic practice with their institutional responsibilities as teachers /

subject:
Women art teachers.
Artists as teachers.
Women artists.
Art

abstract:
This r\.~et.lrch examined ho\\' ~ight \\'omen artists \\'ho t~ach at the
uni versity and college level, balance thcir artistic practic~ and their
institu tional responsibilities as tcachers.
This thesis reprt.~ents the culmination of \\'ork for my second graduate
degree. For my first degrCt! on th~ grad uat~ level, I concentratoo on
d~veloping my artistic practice. This ~Iaster's Degree in Education is no k~
important to m~. In pursuing studies in the field of education I \\'anted to
understand my rol~ as both an educator and an artist and in the process I
uncovered the interplay of race, class, and gender at \\'ork in th~ classroom.
Coming from a \\'orking-class, immigrant background \\'here higher
education \vas vie\\'cd as a stepping stone that \"ould enable my siblings and
me a greater spectrum of opportunities, I \\'as at last able to understand my
o\\'n educational experiences, more clearly. I discovered ho\\' d\.~ply I
internalized the racism, sexism and class discrimination, I submitted to in my
history as a student. Becoming a\\'are about the social forc\.~ at "'ork \\'ithin
my day to day life has provided me \\'ith instruments \\'hich I can usc to
examine and respond to these inequities as I confront them in th~ future.
This \,'ork exists as a serk'S of responses and further av~nues for
investigation on some themes I first began to explor~, albeit very tentati\'~ly,
during my first incarnation as a graduate student and so though the h\'o
bound volum~s rna-\' one da.v sit si.d~ b\' s id~ on the bookshelf, th~\-'
exist in the context of my life as a set of brackets surrounding a series of
qUl'Stions about being a \\'Onlan, a teachcr and an artist.


title: Childlessness in a child-centered environment : the experiences of voluntarily childless female teachers /

subject:
Childlessness
Women teachers

abstract:
In the literature on voluntary childlessness there is a lack of research on the types of
occupations held by women who choose not to mother and how their fertility choice
influences their occupational experiences. At the same time, the experience ofwomen
with regard to the childfree choice has not been adequately addressed in contemporary
feminist literature. In the field of education, much has been written about the association
between mothering and teaching. Thus, childfree teachers become particularly interesting
since they made seemingly paradoxical choices in that they chose not to bear and rear
children yet they chose an occupation in which they are surrounded by and responsible for
the daily care of many children. To gain an understanding of the work-related experiences
of childfree women, in-depth interviews were conducted with 7 voluntarily childless
female elementary school teachers from Southern Ontario. In addition, a focus group
interview in which 3 of the 7 childfree teachers participated was conducted. Findings
revealed that these women's "choice" to be childless was the result of complex
circumstances and multiple motivations. Also, despite their decision to forgo the
traditional female role of mother, these women held surprisingly conventional beliefs with
regard to family and gender roles. In addition, these childfree women at times identified
themselves as mother-like when teaching, yet at other times distanced themselves as
teachers from mothers. Finally, results showed that these women experienced both direct
and indirect pronatalist pressures outside as well as inside the workplace as a result of
their childfree status.


title: Cloning, sequencing and characterization of a chitin synthase gene fragment from the fungus Phascolomyces articulosus /

subject:
Chitin.
Cloning.
Nucleotide sequence.
Fungi

abstract:
Phascolomyces articulosus genomic DNA was isolated from 48 h old hyphae
and was used for amplification of a chitin synthase fragment by the polymerase
chain reaction method. The primers used in the amplification corresponded to two
widely conserved amino acid regions found in chitin synthases of many fimgi.
Amphfication resulted in four bands (820, 900, 1000 and 1500 bp, approximately)
as visualized in a 1.2% agarose gel. The lowest band (820 bp) was selected as a
candidate for chitin synthase because most amplified regions from other fimgi so far
exhibited similar sizes (600-750 bp). The selected fragment was extracted from the
gel and cloned in the Hinc n site of pUC19. The derived plasmid and insert were
designated ^\5C\9'PaCHS and PaCHS respectively. The plasmid pUC19-PaC/fS
was digested by several restriction enzymes and was found to contain BamHl and
HincU sites. Sequencing of PaCHS revealed two intron sequences and a total open
reading frame of 200 amino acids. The derived polypeptide was compared with
other related sequences from the EMBL database (Heidelberg, Germany) and was
matched to 36 other fiilly or partially sequenced fimgal chitin synthase genes. The
closest resemblance was with two genes (74.5% and 73.1% identity) from Rhizopus
oligosporus. Southern hybridization with the cloned fragment as a probe to the PCR
reaction showed a strong signal at the fragment selected for cloning and weaker
signals at the other two fragments. Southern hybridization with partially digested
Phascolomyces articulosus genomic DNA showed a single band. The amino acid
sequence was compared with sequences from other chitin synthase gene classes
using the CLUSTALW program. The chitin synthase fragment from Phascolomyces
articulosus was initially grouped in class n along with chitin synthase fragments
from Rhizopus oligosporus and Phycomyces blakesleeanus which also belong to the
same class, Zygomycetes. Bootstrap analysis using the neighbor-joining method available by CLUSTALW verified such classification. Comparison of PaCHS
revealed conservation of intron positions that are characteristic of chitin synthase
gene fragments of zygomycetous fungi.


title: Cognitive coaching : a multiple case study /

subject:
Cognition in children
Comprehension in children
Thought and thinking

abstract:
The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the application of Cognitive
Coaching as a school-based professional development program to improve instructional
thought and decision making as well as to enhance staff perceptions, coUegiality and
school culture. This topic emerged from personal and professional issues related to the
role ofthe reflective practitioner in improving the quality of education, yet cognizant of
the fact that little professional development was available to train teachers to become
reflective.
This case study, positioned within the interpretive sciences, focused on three teachers
and how their experiences with cognitive coaching affected their teaching practices. Their
knowledge, understanding and use of the four stages of instructional thought (preactive,
interactive, reflective and projective) were tested before and at the end of eight coaching
cycles, and again after two months to determine whether they had continued to use the
reflective process. They were also assessed on whether their attitude towards peer
coaching had changed, whether their feelings about teaching had become more positive
and whether their professional dialogue had increased. Three methods of data collection
were selected to assess growth: interviews, observations and joumaling.
Analysis primarily consisted of coding and organizing data according to emerging
themes. Although the professed aim of cognitive coaching was to teach the process in
order that the teachers would become self-analytical and self-modifying, this study found
that the value of the coaching, after trust had been established in both the coach and the
process, was in the dialoguing and the time set aside to do it. Once the coaching stopped
providing the time to dialogue, to examine one's meanings and beliefs, so did the critical self-reflection. As a result ofthe cognitive coaching experience though, all participants
grew in their feelings of efficacy, craftsmanship, flexibility, consciousness and
interdependence.
The actual and potential significance ofthis study was discussed according to
implications for teacher supervision, professional development, school culture, further
areas of research and to my personal growth and development.


title: Comparing ESL electronic and face-to-face pre-writing conferences and first drafts : discourse, participation, and idea transfer /

subject:
English language
English language
English language

abstract:
This study was a comparative investigation of face-toface
(i.e., proximate) and computer-mediated written (i.e.,
graphic) pre-writing conferences. The participants in this
study were advanced English as a second language students.
The 2 types of conferences were compared in terms of
textual features, participation, and the . degree to which
they were on topic. Moreover, drafts written after the 2
types of conferences were compared in terms of textual
features, and the degree to which they were related to the
conferences. Students produced an equivalent amount of
discourse in an equivalent amount of time in the 2 types of
conferences. The discourse in graphic conferences
displayed greater lexical range, and some evidence suggests
that it was less on-topic. Both these results likely
occurred because the graphic conferences contained more
discourse demonstrating interactive competence.
Participation in graphic conferences was found to be as
balanced or more balanced among students, and among
students and the group leader combined. Overall, the
drafts produced after the 2 types of conferences were of
equivalent length and topical range, but some evidence
suggests that drafts written after proximate conferences
were more related to the conferences.


title: The connection between career education and career maturity /

subject:
Vocational education.
Vocational guidance.

abstract:
The value of career education is measured by the extent to which it enhances
students' decision making skills regarding career planning. This is referred to as "career
maturity".
The purpose of this study was to examine what connections could be found
between career education and career maturity within one career planning course. A
senior level career planning class was studied in depth for one semester and five senior
students participated in the study. The five students were interviewed three times during
the semester to determine whether, and to what extent, students feel more prepared
personally to make decisions as a result of a guided course of instruction.
The current trend in education shows an increased emphasis on career education.
The government mandates career education, students are in need of career planning
courses, and parents want students to learn how to effectively make decisions concerning
their future. With this increased emphasis comes the need to evaluate current career
education programs which is why this study is significant and useful.
The central findings were as follows: first, as a result of taking a career planning
course students did increase their career maturity. Second, current career education
planning curriculum was similar to the proposed course of study for career planning
which comes into effect in September 1999. Current curriculum does help to prepare
students to make informed educational and career decisions, a chief aim of the proposed
curriculum. Knowing that this outcome is currently achieved will help when the course
is being organized to fit the new curriculum.


title: Construction of bovine adenovirus type 3 E1 and E3, substitution plasmids and the sequencing analysis of DNA pol and pTP /

subject:
Adenoviruses.
DNA viruses.
Plasmids (Genetics)
Nucleotide sequence.

abstract:
The relative ease to concentrate and purify adenoviruses, their well
characterized mid-sized genome, and the ability to delete non-essential regions from
their genome to accommodate foreign gene, made adenoviruses a suitable candidate
for the construction of vectors. The use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy,
vaccination, and as a general vector system for expressing foreign genes have been
documented for some time.
In this study, the objective was to rescue a BAV3 E1 or E3 recombinant vector
carrying the kanamycin resistant gene, a dominant selectable marker with useful
applications in studying vectored gene expression in mammalian cells. To accomplish
the objective of this study, more information about BAV3 DNA sequences was required
in order to make the manipulation of the virus genome accessible. Therefore,
sequencing of the BAV3 genome from 1 1 .7% to 30.8% was carried out. Analysis of the
determined sequences revealed the primary structure of important viral gene products
coded by E2 including BAV3 DNA pol and precursor to terminal protein. Comparative
analysis of these proteins with their counterparts from human and non human
adenoviruses revealed important insights as to the evolutionary lineage of BAV3.
In order to insert the kanamycin resistance gene in either E1 or E3, it was
necessary to delete BAV3 sequences to accommodate the foreign gene so as not to
exceed the limit of the packaging capacity of the virus. To construct a recombinant
BAV3 in which a foreign gene was inserted in the deleted E1 region, an E1 shuttle
vector was constructed. This involved the deletion from the viral sequences a region between 1.3% to 9% and inserting the kanamycin resistance gene to replace the
deletion. The E1 shuttle vector contained the left (0%- 53.9%) segment of the genome
and was expected to generate BAV3 recombinants that can be grown and propagated
in cells that can complement the missing E1 functions.
To construct a similar shuttle vector for E3 deletion, DNA sequences extending
from 78.9% to 82.5% (1281 bp) were deleted from within the E3 region that had been
cloned into a plasmid vector. The deleted region corresponds to those that have been
shown to be non-essential for viral replication in cell culture. The resulting plasmid was
used to construct another recombinant plasmid with BAV3 DNA sequences extending
from 37.1% to 100% and with a deletion of E3 sequences that were replaced by
kanamycin resistance gene. This shuttle plasmid was used in cotransfections with
digested viral DNA in an attempt to rescue a recombinant BAV3 carrying the kanamycin
resistance gene to replace the deleted E3.
In spite of repeated attempts of transfection, El or E3 recombinant BAV3 were
not isolated. It seems that other approaches should be applied to make a final
conclusion on BAV3 infectivity.


title: Continental margin architecture : the palynological signature of glacioeustasy /

subject:
Continental margins.
Palynology.

abstract:
Palynomorphs from two siliciclastic margins were examined to gain insights into
continental margin architecture. Sea level change is thought to be one of the primary
controls on continental margin architecture. Because Late Neogene glacioeustasy has
been well studied marine sediments deposited during the Late Neogene were examined to
test this concept. Cores from the outer shelf and upper slope were taken from the New
Jersey margin in the western North Atlantic Ocean and from the Sunda Shelf margin in
the South China Sea.
Continental margin architecture is often described in a sequence stratigraphic
context. One of the main goals of both coring projects was to test the theoretical
sequence stratigraphic models developed by a research group at Exxon (e.g. Wilgus et
al., 1988). Palynomorphs provide one of the few methods of inferring continental margin
architecture in monotonous, siliciclastic marine sediments where calcareous sediments
are rare (e.g. New Jersey margin). In this study theoretical models of the palynological
signature expected in sediment packages deposited during the various increments of a
glacioeustatic cycle were designed. These models were based on the modem
palynomorph trends and taphonomic factors thought to control palynomorph distribution.
Both terrestrial (pollen and spores) and marine (dinocysts) palynomorphs were examined.
The palynological model was then compared with New Jersey margin and Sunda Shelf
margin sediments.
The predicted palynological trends provided a means of identifying a complete
cycle of glacioeustatic change (Oxygen Isotope Stage 5e to present) in the uppermost 80
meters of sediment on the slope at the New Jersey margin. Sediment availability, not sea meters of sediment on the slope at the New Jersey margin. Sediment availability, not sea
level change, is thought to be the major factor controlling margin architecture during the
late Pleistocene here at the upper slope. This is likely a function of the glacial scouring of
the continents which significantly increases sediment availability during glacial stages.
The subaerially exposed continental shelf during the lowstand periods would have been
subject to significant amounts of erosion fi:om the proglacial rivers flowing fi-om the
southern regions of the ice-sheet. The slope site is non-depositional today and was also
non-depositional during the last full interglacial period.
The palynomorph data obtained fi-om the South China Sea indicate that the major
difference between the New Jersey Margin sites and the Sunda Shelf margin sites is the
variation in sediment supply and the rate of sediment accumulation. There was
significantly less variation in sediment supply between glacial and interglacial periods
and less overall sediment accumulation at the Sunda Shelf margin.
The data presented here indicate that under certain conditions the theoretical
palynological models allow the identification of individual sequence stratigraphic units
and therefore, allow inferences regarding continental margin architecture. The major
condition required in this approach is that a complete and reliable database of the
contemporaneous palynomorphs be available.


title: Design and synthesis of new monoterpenoid derived ligands for asymmetric catalysis /

subject:
Asymmetric synthesis.
Catalysis.
Ligands.
Monoterpenes.
Alcohols.

abstract:
The work to be presented herein illustrates several important facts. First, the
synthesis of BIBOL (19), a 1,4-diol derived from the monoterpene camphor has allowed
us to demonstrate that oxidative dimerizations of enolates can, and do proceed with nearly
complete diastereoselectivity under kinetically controlled conditions. The yield of BIBOL
is now 50% on average, with a 10% yield of a second diastereomer, which is likely the
result of a non-kinetic hydride reduction, thereby affording the epimeric alcohol, 20,
coupled on the exo face of camphor. This implies the production of 60% of a single
coupling diastereomer. No other diastereomers from the reduction were observed. The
utility of BEBOL has been illustrated in early asymmetric additions of diethylzinc to aryl
aldehydes, with e.e.'s as high as 25-30%. '^'
To further the oxidative coupling work, the same methodology which gave rise to
BIBOL was applied to the chiral pool ketone, menthone. Interestingly, this gave an
excellent yield of the a-halohydrin (31), which is the result of a chlorination of menthone.
This result clearly indicates the high stereoselectivity of the process regardless of the
outcome, and has illustrated an interesting dichotomy between camphor and menthone.
The utility of the chlorination product as a precursor other chiral ligands is currently being
investigated. >
'
Finally, a new series of 1,3-diols as well as a new aminoalcohol have successfully
been synthesized from highly diastereoselective aldol/mannich reactions. Early studies
have indicated their potential in asymmetric catalysis, while employing pi-stack interactions
as a means of controlling enantioselective aldol reactions.


title: Desired learning outcomes for the curricula in financial services industry as perceived by professionals in the financial services industry located in the Greater Toronto Area /

subject:
Financial services industry
Community colleges

abstract:
This study sought to explore the changing nature of the financial services industry in
Toronto, Canada and the impact that these changes will have on the vocational
educational outcomes required by Ontario Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology
(CAAT) graduates who wish to enter the financial services industry. The study was
descriptive and exploratory, based on both quantitative and qualitative data. Triangulation
of 3 data sources (a collection of newspaper articles from the Toronto Star between July
1999 and June 2000, the calendars of the 25 CAATs, and a survey questionnaire prepared
by me and distributed to subject matter experts who are key practitioners in the financial
services industry) was used. The study contains a discussion of how the financial services
industry is changing. The first question to be answered was: What do current practitioners
in financial services perceive to be the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will be
required of future graduates for employment within the financial services industry? The
study found that Ontario CAAT's graduates entering the financial services field need both
business and financial services vocational learning outcomes. Colleges should have 2
programs 1 in accounting and 1 in financial services. The report addresses which specific
topics should be included in the financial services program. The second question to be
answered was: How does this anticipated profile of knowledge, skills, and attitudes
change depending on the degree of implementation of the new technologies by the survey
respondent? The study found no pattern. The third question to be answered was: In what
way do existing programs need to change in the area of accreditation as perceived by the
respondents? The study found that for accreditation, 3 credentials should be addressed
within the financial services program. These are the Canadian Securities, the Life Underwriters, and the Certified Financial Planner designations. The last question to be
answered was: What new knowledge, skills, and attitudes need to be incorporated into
college curricula to address changing needs in the employment sector? For each Ontario
CAAT which has a financial services program (excluding accounting), their program was
reviewed in light of the topics as perceived by professionals in the financial services
industry.


title: Developmental patterns of individiuals within a sensory-based learning environment in art education : insights emerging from a case study /

subject: Art

abstract:
My research permitted me to reexamine my recent evaluations
of the Leaf Project given to the Foundation Year students during the
fall semester of 1997. My personal description of the drawing
curriculum formed part of the matrix of the Foundation Core Studies
at the Ontario College of Art and Design. Research was based on the
random selection of 1 8 students distributed over six of my teaching
groups. The entire process included a representation of all grade
levels.
The intent of the research was to provide a pattern of
alternative insights that could provide a more meaningful method of
evaluation for visual learners in an art education setting. Visual
methods of learning are indeed complex and involve the interplay of
many sensory modalities of input.
Using a qualitative method of research analysis, a series of
queries were proposed into a structured matrix grid for seeking out
possible and emerging patterns of learning. The grid provided for
interrelated visual and linguistic analysis with emphasis in
reflection and interconnectedness. Sensory-based modes of learning
are currently being studied and discussed amongst educators as
alternative approaches to learning.
As patterns emerged from the research, it became apparent
that a paradigm for evaluation would have to be a progressive profile
of the learning that would take into account many of the different
and evolving learning processes of the individual. A broader review
of the student's entire development within the Foundation Year Program would have to have a shared evaluation through a cross
section of representative faculty in the program.
The results from the research were never intended to be
conclusive. We realized from the start that sensory-based learning
is a difficult process to evaluate from traditional standards used in
education. The potential of such a process of inquiry permits the
researcher to ask for a set of queries that might provide for a deeper
form of evaluation unique to the students and their related learning
environment. Only in this context can qualitative methods be used to
profile their learning experiences in an expressive and meaningful
manner.


title: Development of a bovine adenovirus type 2-based gene delivery vector /

subject:
Adenoviruses.
DNA viruses.
Genetic vectors.

abstract:
ABSTRACT
Recombinant adenoviruses are currently under intense investigation as potential
gene delivery and gene expression vectors with applications in human and veterinary
medicine. As part of our efforts to develop a bovine adenovirus type 2 (BAV2) based
vector system, the nucleotide sequence of BAV2 was determined. Sixty-six open
reading frames (ORFs) were found with the potential to encode polypeptides that were
at least 50 amino acid (aa) residue long. Thirty-one of the BAV2 polypeptide
sequences were found to share homology to already identified adenovirus proteins.
The arrangement of the genes revealed that the BAV2 genomic organization closely
resembles that of well-characterized human adenoviruses.
In the course of this study, continuous propagation of BAV2 over many
generations in cell culture resulted in the isolation of a BAV2 spontaneous mutant in
which the E3 region was deleted. Restriction enzyme, sequencing and PCR analyses
produced concordant results that precisely located the deletion and revealed that its
size was exactly 1299 bp. The E3-deleted virus was plaque-purified and further
propagated in cell culture. It appeared that the replication of such a virus lacking a
portion of the E3 region was not affected, at least in cell culture.
Attempts to rescue a recombinant BAV2 virus with the bacterial kanamycin
resistance gene in the E3 region yielded a candidate as verified with extensive
Southern blotting and PCR analyses. Attempts to purify the recombinant virus were not
successful, suggesting that such recombinant BAV2 was helper-dependent.
Ten clones containing full-length BAV2 genomes in a pWE15 cosmid vector
were constructed. The infectivity of these constructs was tested by using different transfection methods. The BAV2 genomic clones did appear to be infectious only after
extended incubation period. This may be due to limitations of various transfection
methods tested, or biological differences between virus- and E. co//-derived BAV2 DNA.


title: Diversity in the fitness industry : a cross-case comparison /

subject:
Physical education and training.
Diversity in the workplace
Physical fitness centers
Physical fitness centers

abstract:
This cross-case study explored the extent to which two fitness facilities were
accommodating diversity with respect to age, ethnicity, gender, social class, sex-role
socialization, and persons with a disability among both members and staflf. The sites were
purposely chosen in a large city and a smaller city in order to provide as representative an
example as possible of health clubs within a small sample population. The interview
participants were selected by a combination of stratified, typical case, and snowball
sampling strategies. . , .. ,
The intent of the exploration was a two-fold examination of diversity issues within
both the membership and the staff of the organization. Data were collected and analysis
was done using a triangulation method involving personal interviews, observations, and
facility documentation. The results ofthe study showed that the members and staff at each
facility were rather homogeneous in ethnicity, age, social class, physical ability, and
physical appearance. From a membership standpoint, the environment of the sites
presented the impression of being affordable only to the middle- and upper-middle classes,
unwelcoming to the older, less fit, or overweight participant, economically exclusive for
youth, and nonaccommodating for people with a disability. With respect to staff, the
findings indicated that the fitness facilities purported to be team-oriented in theory, but
were hierarchical in practice, with the major decision making being made by the male
executives. The paper concludes with the recommendation that students must be given a
practical toolkit for dealing with these issues in their postsecondary courses.