identifier: Awad, Mohamed Mahmoud <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Awad=3AMohamed_Mahmoud=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Two-phase flow modeling in circular pipes.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis reviews the two-phase frictional pressure gradient and void fraction models available in the literature. New research is proposed in the area of two-phase frictional pressure gradient and void fraction, specifically, the development of new models which will enable the prediction of pressure drop and void fraction characteristics, which are important design parameter in many engineering applications such as chemical industry, nuclear industry, petroleum industry, refrigeration and air-conditioning applications, and space station applications. The new models will be simple but accurate at the same time. -- Results for developing new definitions of two-phase viscosity that can be used to compute the two-phase frictional pressure gradient using the homogeneous model, giving a simple asymptotic compact model for two-phase frictional pressure gradient in horizontal pipes as well as bounds on two-phase frictional pressure gradient and void fraction in circular pipes are presented. -- It is shown that the new definitions of two-phase viscosity can be used to analyze the experimental data of two-phase frictional pressure gradient in circular pipes using the homogeneous model. -- It is observed that the new models accurately predict the experimental data contained in the literature and are much simpler than other empirical models, which are presently available in the literature.


identifier: Awan, Atiq <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Awan=3AAtiq=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Design, simulation and implementation of enhanced crossbar combined input-output queued switch architecture.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

abstract: The rapid growth in communication networks has led to an exponential increase in the traffic volumes thus requiring high-speed switches and routers, with high bandwidth, at the nodes. The networking research community has focused its effort on the development of high-bandwidth switches. However, advances in data transmission technology, particularly the development and use of the optical technology, have enabled reliable high transmission bandwidth at a relatively low cost. On the other hand, neither switches nor routers have kept pace with this development. Therefore, the switches and routers are increasingly becoming performance bottlenecks in high-bandwidth communication. -- Until recently, most of the packet switches were based on output queueing due to its ability to provide high throughput. However due to the slow memory speeds compared to link bandwidth, output queued switches are no longer feasible for high-speed switching. In this work, we consider building a combined input-output queued packet-switch using multiple crossbars, which forms a step forward towards obtaining a better solution for high performance packet switching. In particular, we consider multiplane switch architecture with four crossbars in parallel. These crossbars transfer up to four packets to each output line to provide the high throughput however operating at the same speed as the line rate. -- We investigate the performance of this architecture under both uniform and non-uniform traffic arrival patterns and show through simulation that this architecture approximately emulates the pure output queued switch. This architecture employs pipelined scheduling, which eliminates the traffic scheduling overhead and provides a large time window for implementing fair but complex scheduling algorithms. -- Finally, we describe the implementation of this architecture in VLSI using 0.18-micron CMOS standard cell technology. The distributed control leads to a high-speed implementation. We report on the design complexity and discuss implementation results.


identifier: Aylward, Catherine Ann <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Aylward=3ACatherine_Ann=3A=3A.html>   (1991) A study of factors influencing female nontraditional career choice in Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine, at three developmental levels, some of the factors which may have influenced the nontraditional career choices of women employed in many sectors of the workforce in Newfoundland and Labrador. The intention was to determine to what degree and at what level of development these factors were present or absent in the seven nontraditional occupational categories surveyed. The knowledge thus gained could be used to increase the number of young women who may consider choosing a nontraditional career. -- This survey was carried out by means of a questionnaire which examined the internal factors of self-efficacy, interests, and work values. It also examined the external factors of family background, educational background, significant others, and previous work experiences. These factors were examined retrospectively at the three developmental stages of childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. The questionnaire was mailed to 764 females working in nontraditional occupations throughout Newfoundland and Labrador: A return rate of 36.5% was realized. -- The sample consisted of 279 females representing seven occupational categories. These were: the professionals, the science/engineers, the forces, the technologists, the tradeswomen, the semi-skilled workers and those working in primary resources. -- The basic analysis procedure was to compare the seven occupational groupings on their responses to the various questions. Comparisons were made developmentally within each group and between groups at each developmental level. -- The findings of this study indicated, that although there were differences between the groups some factors appeared to be common to most nontraditional career choices. These common factors were: a high level of belief in one's own abilities, a high level of aspiration, a background of nontraditional interests and work experience, a high level of proficiency in math and science where required, and most importantly a solid foundation of support either from the family or from significant others. -- Certain factors had greater significance for some groups than for others. The professional and science/engineering groups reported very high levels of academic self-efficacy and educational achievement. However, they differed greatly in that the science/engineers also reported a great many other nontraditional factors in their backgrounds. The forces reported the largest number of traditional factors and they were the only group which expressed any great interest in public speaking. -- The technologists and trades groups both reported high levels of interest in fixing things and working with things. Their masculine relatives provided a high rate of role models for the technologists whereas the trades group relied on their instructors, counsellors and women's groups for support and guidance. -- The semi-skilled and resource groups reported high levels of support and encouragement from their husbands and boyfriends. Both also expressed a high level of interest in outdoor activities and working with their hands. The semi-skilled reported a fairly high level of risk taking whereas the resource group had the highest level of commitment of all the groups. This group also depended on their neighbour for support of their nontraditional careers. -- Recommendations for programming included a program in career guidance for junior high schools, parental involvement programs, and programs whereby the schools could provide equality of opportunity for all students. Recommendations for research included studies to investigate: the means of improving female self-efficacy; background factors related to nontraditional interests; support systems at lower socio-economic groups; evaluation of present guidance services and; the potential of women's support groups.


identifier: Aylward, Wanda Marie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Aylward=3AWanda_Marie=3A=3A.html>   (2006) The development, electrochemical characterization and applications of sulphonated silica sol-gels.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The major goals of this research were to prepare novel proton conducting materials and to investigate their ion exchange and ion transport properties. -- The sol-gel process was used to synthesize silica ORMOSIL hydrogels with sulphonate functionality by incorporating 2(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl) ethyl-trichlorosilane into a tetramethyl orthosilicate sol-gel network. Gel modified carbon fiber paper working electrodes were prepared by suspending strips of carbon fiber paper into a sol solution. -- Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronocoulometry using Ru(NH₃)₆²⁺/³⁺ redox probes were used to investigate the ion exchange and ion transport properties within the hydrogels. It was found that the hydrogels studied in this work exhibited excellent ion exchange and ion transport properties and were very stable in electrochemical studies. -- The effects of electrolyte concentration and pH on these properties were studied. As well, sol-gel synthetic conditions such as sol-gel aging, sulphonate concentration, solvent and catalyst effects were also studied. The degree of interaction between the redox probes and sol-gel network was investigated by studying the ion exchange and transport properties of probes having different size and charge than Ru(NH₃)₆²⁺/³⁺. The sulphonated silica hydrogels were found to exhibit excellent permselectivity, allowing the positively charged redox probes to diffuse into their porous network but not a negatively charge probe. -- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to study the ionic conductivity of the hydrogels. It was found that incorporating the sulphonate functionality into the silica sol-gel greatly increased the ionic conductivity when compared to a tetramethyl orthosilicate sol-gel. The sulphonated silica sol-gels displayed rather large ionic conductivities, larger in fact than most reports in the literature for various other ormosil materials. -- Composites of a sulphonated silica sol-gel and polypyrrole (PPY/gel) were prepared to incorporate the electronic conductivity of the conducting polymer into the ionic conducting network of the sol-gel. Ion transport in these composites was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and X-Ray emission analysis. It was found in this work that reduction and reoxidation of the PPY/gel involved the uptake and expulsion of cations and anions. -- Another goal of this work was to modify a proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst with a sulphonated silica sol-gel. Composites consisting of a sulphonated silica sol-gel and Pt/C were prepared and preliminary investigations using these catalysts in hydrogen and direct methanol fuel cells are discussed.


identifier: Gholam Azad, Shervin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gholam_Azad=3AShervin=3A=3A.html>   (2012) Seismic beamforming.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Seismic beamforming

abstract: The mining industry currently faces decreasing numbers of mineral discoveries at shallow depths. As a result, mining companies are intent on finding new methods to discover deposits which lie deeper (>500 m) and are out of reach of other conventional geophysical techniques. The possibility of adapting seismic techniques to incorporate mineral exploration has recently been considered. The use of seismic beam-forming could potentially significantly diminish exploration costs for deeper targets. An approach to decreasing the cost of the seismic technique is to significantly decrease the source cost by relaxing the imaging requirement of complete azimuthal illumination of the target. In this work, we employ a method to beam-form scattered energy and optimally detect and map geological targets. For each subsurface grid point, we compute a delay and sum operation that is designed to focus diffraction energy, assuming that the point is a candidate for causing a diffraction event. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach by applying it to both synthetic and real seismic data in which targets at different depths are present. Overall, the results obtained from both synthetic and real field data show that seismic beam-forming could be an effective method for locating ore deposits. Successful application of this method could prove successful in reducing exploration costs.


identifier: Aziz, Khalid <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Aziz=3AKhalid=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Handheld technology for facilitating neonatal resuscitation performance in immersive learning environments.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis describes the rationale and development of software for a handheld computer for assessing neonatal resuscitation training in accordance with international protocols. -- Immersive learning environments (ILE) are educational experiences, simulated or real, during which knowledge, skills and behaviours are enhanced for both individuals and teams. ILEs, based on constructivist learning theory, facilitate learning through experience, interaction and dialogue. Simulated and real neonatal resuscitation training are specific ILEs. Would a handheld computer contribute to evaluation and reflective dialogue, thus enhance knowledge construction in ILEs? -- Following a review of the literature on ILEs and handheld devices during neonatal resuscitation training, software with a graphical user interface and paper output was developed for a handheld computer to facilitate recording of key events for the purpose of facilitating debriefing. This thesis describes the theories underpinning such a tool, the development of a working prototype, and procedures that might be followed to effectively evaluate the resultant device.


identifier: Azizan, Hajimatt <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Azizan=3AHajimatt=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Current international legal regime and its effectiveness in the management of shared fish stocks.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: While shared stocks create some commonality of interests among states, they also present a potential source of tension, particularly when jurisdictional problems and resource access issues are present. Due to their mobility throughout the various maritime spaces, shared fish stocks pose special management and conservation problems. -- Lack of cooperation among relevant states and blatant disregard of the rights and duties of coastal states by distant water fishing (DWF) states have resulted in the uncontrollable harvesting of the resource and the cause of the many fisheries conflicts on the high seas. Canada's 1995 confrontation with Spain, which is now known as the 'turbot war' incident, is but one in the long history of high seas conflicts among sovereign states over shared fish stocks. Although the incident was the worst diplomatic dispute in the history of Canada-EU relationship, the action was necessitated by Canada's need to raise international awareness to the growing problems of managing shared fish stocks. -- This paper sets out to examine the effectiveness of the current international legal regime for the conservation and management of shared fishery stocks on the high seas beyond national jurisdictions. It provides the reader with an overview of the evolution of the international legal fisheries regime, and using Canada's experience as the backdrop to the discussion, evaluates the regime's effectiveness in enforcing international conservation measures against illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing vessels on the high seas.


identifier: Azizian, Alireza <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Azizian=3AAlireza=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Seismic analysis of submarine slopes: retrogressive and three-dimensional effects.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Failures of submarine slopes, caused by earthquakes, rapid sedimentation, storm waves, etc., have resulted in significant damage near- and off-shore, in many areas of the world. High costs of off-shore projects, such as oil exploration projects, necessitate using accurate methods for assessing slope resistance and possible extent of slope failures due to rare events such as earthquakes that may lead to considerable devastations. -- The stability analyses of submarine slopes, to this date, are mostly based on the classical methods of slope stability analysis such as the limit equilibrium method. While appropriate for static slope stability analysis, those methods have some limitations when used in seismic analysis of saturated soil slopes involving soil liquefaction. This study aims at filling some gaps in the current approach by using a state-of-the-art method for effective stress, seismic analysis of submarine slopes. The method proposed here implements a fully coupled, dynamic, finite element approach and a multi-yield surface plasticity model for simulating non-linear soil behaviour under dynamic loads. -- According to the geological and geophysical investigations of past submarine failures, an important phenomenon observed in such events is the significant retrogression of failure, initiated as a slope failure and extending back to a long distance in a nearly flat seabed. Accurate prediction of the extent of retrogression is of crucial importance when assessing the safety of seabed facilities. In addition, seabed images showing crescent shaped escarpments of failures indicate significant three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of such failures. Most slope stability analysis methods, and in particular those for dynamic analysis, are based on the two-dimensional, plane strain simplifying assumption. Assessment of 3D effects in seismic slope stability analysis is therefore essential for obtaining relatively more accurate numerical results. Moreover, geotechnical investigation in submarine environment is much more costly than on land. Geotechnical data regarding submarine soils are rather scarce and insufficient for stability analyses where vulnerability to liquefaction is of great importance. Obtaining best estimates of soil properties from such scarce data based on some statistical methods is of great importance for numerical predictions. -- The objectives of this research are aimed at addressing the needs of geotechnical practice: (1) to provide a procedure for analyzing seismically induced retrogressive slope failures and to use this procedure for explaining the mechanisms and identifying the main factors affecting the extent of those slope failures; (2) to assess the three-dimensional effects in seismic analysis of submarine slopes, in order to provide geotechnical practitioners with a reliable tool for extrapolating the results of manageable 2D seismic analyses to real 3D configurations; and (3) to design a procedure for constitutive model parameter calibration based on liquefaction strength analysis, using limited amount of experimental data and accounting for uncertainties in soil properties. -- To the author's knowledge, the two aspects of slope stability analysis addressed here, namely, simulation of retrogressive slope failures and 3D seismic analysis of saturated soil slopes, have not been investigated in a consistent manner so far. -- By modelling the retrogressive failures, the study highlights the importance of accounting for the potential of retrogression in regions that are seemingly safe but can be affected by such phenomenon. Risk assessment of infrastructures (e.g. pipelines) located on such seemingly safe zones should include estimation of retrogression distance. This is similar to accounting for the potential hazard of debris run-out for infrastructures located below the potentially unstable slopes. In this part of the study, a new method is introduced for simulating successive failures due to loss of support. For the various configurations of seabed slopes analyzed here for assessing the effects of gentle seafloor slope and presence of a layer with low permeability, it was found that the final linear extent of retrogressive failures are 5 to 20 times larger than those of the initial failure, which is usually the only stage of failure accounted for in practice. -- Three-dimensional effects are assessed by comparing results of two- and three-dimensional analyses, in terms of predicted displacements, shear strains, and excess pore water pressure ratios. Limits of applicability of the 2D, plane strain analysis assumptions are quantitatively assessed. Some regression models are also presented that express ratios of 3D to 2D predictions as a function of slope width/height ratio and earthquake peak acceleration. The results of the present dynamic, fully coupled, non-linear analyses are also compared with those of static slope stability analyses. The comparison indicates that the trend of decrease in the ratio of 3D/2D response as a function of slope width/height ratio is very similar for both approaches. However, the applicability limit of the 2D assumption is found to be slightly lower in dynamic analysis (width/height ratio of about 3 - 5, with larger values corresponding to larger seismic accelerations) than in static analysis (width/height ratio of about 5) for the same level of tolerance (15%). Moreover, for B/H > 6- 7, the differences between 3D analysis predictions on the symmetry plane of the slope and 2D analysis predictions are found to be insignificant. -- Soil constitutive model parameters used in the analyses are obtained and calibrated for two types of sand, namely Nevada and Fraser River sands in a loose state, using available information from the literature as well as results of some recently performed laboratory soil tests. -- Response Surface Methodology is used in several parts of this study for the efficient identification of the most important parameters (or factors) that affect analysis results (or responses). It is used for soil parameter calibration where some specific information regarding soil behaviour is not available, yet a set of parameters can be estimated that can re-produce the observed behaviour of soil as indicated by liquefaction strength analysis. This methodology is also used for identifying the significant factors, and then obtaining regression models, to quantify the 3D effects.


identifier: Babcock, Lindsay <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Babcock=3ALindsay=3A=3A.html>   (2006) The role of input statistics in acquisition: an investigation of phonological development in twins.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis, I address the general question as to whether frequency of the input in the ambient language can determine the order of acquisition in phonological productions. This issue is addressed through an investigation of two corpora of phonological development in twins. I hypothesize that the environment should prevent at least some degree of variation between members of each of the twin pairs and, possibly, eliminate some of the variation typically observed across non-twin learners. To test this hypothesis, I analyse the development of word-initial branching onsets and sC clusters. The results show variation within and across twin pairs. To determine whether frequency influences the orders of acquisition attested, I consider frequency on three levels: individual clusters, cluster types and onset structures. The results show that only at the level of onset structure does frequency correlate with the order of acquisition. This suggests that frequency cannot be taken as a strong predictor for phonological development.


identifier: Babichuk, Nicole Allen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Babichuk=3ANicole_Allen=3A=3A.html>   (2012) Changes in expression of appetite-regulating hormones in the cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) during short-term fasting and torpor.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Feeding in vertebrates is controlled by a number of appetite stimulating (orexigenic) and appetite suppressing (anorexigenic) hormones, whose levels respectively increase and decrease following fasting. Cunners (Tautogolabrus adspersus) survive the winter in shallow coastal waters by entering a torpor-like state. In order to better understand the mechanisms regulating appetite/fasting in these fish, quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure transcript expression levels of four appetite-regulating hormones: cholecystokinin (CCK) in the gut, and neuropeptide Y (NPY), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and orexin in the forebrain (hypothalamus and telencephalon) of fed, short-term fasted, induced summer torpor and natural torpor cunners. All hormone mRNA levels decreased during fasting and during natural torpor, but during induced summer torpor brain NPY and orexin mRNA expression levels increased, and CART brain mRNA and CCK gut mRNA expression levels decreased. These results clearly indicate that the cunner has different physiological responses to fasting and torpor.


identifier: Bai, Fan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bai=3AFan=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Collocation methods for weakly singular volterra integral equations with vanishing delays.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: We will present results on the representation and the regularity of exact solution for the Volterra integral equations with singular kernels and vanishing delays. We then use the collocation method to approximate the solutions for the Volterra integral equations. It is then shown the global order of convergence of the collocation solutions. Our theoretical results are confirmed in a series of numerical tests.


identifier: Baird, David <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Baird=3ADavid=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Charles Olson and the (post) modern episteme.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis argues that Charles Olson's place within the American poetic tradition is more than simply being either an imitator of a certain type of modernity or a catalyst for a radical postmodernity. Olson's designation as a postmodem figure must therefore be seen in a new and different way than has been established thus far in Olson criticism. I will argue that Charles Olson's oeuvre is best understood through a reevaluation of his position as a nexus between the modem and postmodem periods. Instead of seeing the modem as a separate totality from the postmodern, this thesis will investigate the division of these two entities in terms of Michel Foucault's conception of the episteme. Here the boundaries between the underlying sets of rules that govern the discourse of the modem episteme and the postmodern episteme become less a solid foundation for placing Olson neatly within the American literary tradition than the polemical separation that these terms actually imply. In pursuing this course of inquiry, I intend to establish a greater realization of the dynamic nature of postmodem American avant-garde poetry through Charles Olson's critique of modern discourse.


identifier: Bajpai, Mukut Behari <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bajpai=3AMukut_Behari=3A=3A.html>   (1974) Adsorption characteristics and surface structural changes of transition metal sulphates by heat treatment.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The adsorption and desorption of trichlorofluoromethane (CFCl₃) was studied by using a microbalance on the sulphates of calcium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. The effect of annealing the samples at 200, 300, 400 and 500°C on their adsorption characteristics and the heat of t solution has been measured. The surface structure of the annealed adsorbents is considered from crystal field effects. Thermodynamic parameters such as the heat of adsorption and entropy of adsorption have been derived from the various isotherms at 20.0, 6.0 and -10.0°C. These quantities have been used to discuss the surface structures. The heat of solution data are analyzed and the work of previous workers is considered in terms of the present scheme. The construction of a vacuum microbalance and the twin calorimeters is also described. -- Surface cobalt (II) is found to be in a tetrahedral environment at an annealing temperature of (200°C). On adsorption, the surface structure possibly changes to a trigonal bipyramidal structure. However, on annealing at higher temperatures, the surface of the anhydrous cobalt sulphate provides an octahedral environment for the cation which goes to Hush's intermediate symmetry and finally to the most stable pentagonal bipyramidal structure. Nickel sulphate manifests pentagonal bipyramidal structure on adsorption on trigonal bipyramidal surface structure. Copper sulphate most probably pro vides trigonal environment to the metal ion at the surface which transforms to trigonal bipyramidal structure on adsorption. Physical adsorption measurements are found to be a useful tool in analyzing possible surface structures.


identifier: Baker, James Thomas Ernest <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Baker=3AJames_Thomas_Ernest=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Requiem for a nation: identity and the nationalist question among young Newfoundlanders.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The debate surrounding Newfoundland identity and nationalism has been one that few have sought to study, especially with regard to its political implications. While some would argue that there is, indeed, a Newfoundland identity, and to some degree nationalism, very few would be able to explain why the former has not been expressed politically. This is important since in areas like Ireland and Quebec, the unique identity felt there has led to nationalism. -- While the evidence supports the argument that young Newfoundlanders in this sample have a strong sense of identity, the evidence indicates that it has not resulted in nationalism. However, there are two possible outcomes: a strong sense of patriotism or a strong sense of nee-nationalism. The evidence will show that these individuals are likely to subscribe to nee-nationalism as it would allow an expression of identity and an equitable redress to Newfoundland's problems without any 'separation anxiety


identifier: Baker, Katherine <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Baker=3AKatherine=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Gender and elementary school physical education: attitudes and perceptions of girls and boys.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is an exploration of student perceptions and attitudes towards physical education at one elementary school in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The experiences of female students are explored in particular. Increased attention has been placed on school physical education programs as a result of concern in society over health and fitness issues. Fewer females than males enroll in high school physical education, and females are less physically active than males. Providing girls with the opportunity to express their attitudes and opinions towards physical education at the elementary school level will contribute to on-going efforts to make physical activity more appealing to females and ultimately increase participation levels. This research was a case study of one school. Male and female students in grades three through six were asked to draw a picture of themselves in physical education, and subsequently a number of female students participated in a focus group interview, where they were asked questions related to their physical education experiences. The physical education teacher was also interviewed. Overall, students displayed very positive attitudes towards physical education. The physical education teacher based her program on Don Hellison's model of Humanistic Physical Education, and students demonstrated an internalization of many of the values that are emphasized through this model. The girls in this study indicated a strong liking for physical education. Despite their enthusiasm, however, girls in this study also expressed feelings of frustration towards the behavior of the boys in their classes. They talked of boys cheating, hogging equipment, acting out of control, and acting superior towards the girls. Finally, the girls in this study expressed a significant amount of knowledge about gender role stereotypes, both within and outside of a sporting context, although they rarely indicated being personally influenced by them.


identifier: Baker, Krista D. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Baker=3AKrista_D=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Spatial ecology and conservation of deep-sea fishes and corals off Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Ongoing deep-sea fisheries off Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada since the late 1960s have resulted in large population declines of both targeted and non-targeted species. The lack of in situ observations from deep waters in this region limit our understanding of the factors influencing distributions of vulnerable taxa such as corals and fish, and the links between them. I analyzed data from a research cruise that used a remotely operated vehicle to explore 105 km of seafloor, spanning a depth range of 351 - 2245 m, in three canyons off Newfoundland and Labrador in 2007. I observed over 160,000 coral colonies, comprising 28 species, and over 18,000 individual fishes, comprising at least 74 species. Distinct assemblages of deep-sea corals and fishes were found based on habitat type (or bottom type) and depth. Keratoisis grayi was more likely to be broken, dead or partially dead, and less abundant in trawled areas. Multiple factors predicted grenadier abundance and/or presence, but these varied in importance with sampling resolution. Using life table analyses, I predict prolonged recovery rates for two deep-sea fishes: Coryphaenoides rupestris and Macrourus berg/ax. These findings illustrate that deep-sea corals influence the distribution and abundance of fishes, that trawling negatively affects long-lived deep-sea corals in this region, that deep-sea fishes will recover slowly (if at all) from documented declines, and that many unknowns remain regarding the sustainability of this ecosystem. Nonetheless, these findings can help to support deep-sea conservation efforts off Newfoundland and Labrador.


identifier: Bakhtiar, Aishah Mohammad <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bakhtiar=3AAishah_Mohammad=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Motivational characteristic differences between procedural and conceptual fraction learners.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Research concerning the ability to do fractions suggests that procedural and conceptual understanding are important for learning fractions (Hallett, Nunes, Bryant, & Thorpe, 2012; National Mathematics Advisory Panel, 2008). No research to date, however, has looked at whether conceptual or procedural knowledge are differentially related to academic motivational variables. In this study, procedural and conceptual learners were examined on three motivational variables: i) self-concept; ii) self-attribution; and iii) goal-orientation. The data suggest that the two types of learners can be differentiated based on motivations, with correlational analyses demonstrating differences in math self-concept and students' use of ability attribution when explaining math failure.


identifier: Baksh, Md. Al-Amin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Baksh=3AMd=2E_Al-Amin=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Predictive accident modeling through Bayesian network.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Accident modeling methodologies in literature such as System Hazard Identification, Prediction and Prevention (SHIPP) [1] consider accident precursors to assess the likelihood of accident occurrence and to design preventive, controlling and mitigating measures for improving the industrial process safety. The SHIPP methodology considers five engineering safety barriers represented using fault and event tree to model the cause consequence relationship between the failure of safety barriers and potential adverse events [1, 2]. In this method, to evaluate the probabilities of end events' occurrence, a restrictive assumption is used that the severity of the adverse events increases only through sequential failures of the five safety barriers considered. -- First, it is strengthen by appending two important non-mechanical safety barriers viz. human and management & organizational factors. We propose to improve the shortcoming of the SHIPP methodology in the following ways. First, we relax the restrictive sequential event assumption in SHIPP methodology by allowing non-sequential failure of safety barriers to cause adverse event of any order. Secondly, in the prediction of posterior probabilities of adverse events for real time industrial data, we include an important mechanical safety barrier viz. 'Damage Control and Emergency Management Barrier (DCEMB)' and as a result we include an adverse event of highest order viz. 'Catastrophe'. Further, posterior probabilities of adverse events are calculated using Bayesian network approach. The posterior probabilities are used to update the safety barrier failure probabilities through a backward analysis and in turn update the estimates of the likelihood continually. The utility of this approach is tested and demonstrated with the data from a liquefied natural gas (LNG) process facility. The method allows for continual updating of occurrence probability for adverse events and failure probabilities of safety barriers for successive monthly data from industry.


identifier: Balakrishnan, Ram Kumar <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Balakrishnan=3ARam_Kumar=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Fitness for service assessment of corroded pipelines.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Pipelines provide the safe and economic means of transporting oil and gas. Ageing of these pipelines leads to the gradual loss of pipe strength and degradation of performance, because of the development of corrosion defects. Assessment of the corroded pipeline for fitness for service purposes remains as a critical activity of the transmission pipeline integrity management program. Several Level 2 assessment methods have been developed so far to evaluate the remaining strength of corroded pipelines. Most of these methods are based on a semiempirical fracture mechanics approach. Although the ASME B31G criterion for the evaluation of corroded pipelines seems to be adequate for design, it is known to be conservative. The use of high toughness pipeline materials with good post yield characteristics has enabled the application of limit load estimation techniques based on net section collapse criterion for the evaluation of corroded pipelines. -- This thesis discusses the application of an improved lower bound limit load estimation technique that is based on variational concepts in plasticity, obtained by invoking the concept of integral mean of yield criterion as it relates to the integrity assessment of corroded pipelines. Decay lengths derived using classical shell theory have been used to define the kinematically active reference volume. The reference volume approach overcomes the limitations posed by most of the current evaluation procedures with respect to the effect of circumferential extent of corrosion. The limit pressure and the remaining strength factor of pipelines, with both external and internal corrosion sites, subjected to internal pressure loading have been estimated. The results obtained have been found to be in good agreement with three-dimensional inelastic finite element analysis. The results of this study has shown that the variational method provides an improved assessment of the effect of corrosion damage on the integrity of the pipeline in terms of remaining strength factor (RSF). This method has also yielded a better understanding of the behavior and consequence of damage than the ASME B31 G criterion. An improved estimation of the limit pressures have been obtained in most cases.


identifier: Ballance, Dina L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ballance=3ADina_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Research education in Canadian psychiatry residency programs: a survey.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In response to growing concern for research education, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) now emphasizes the value of research in specialty programs. However, there remains a wide variation in how programs implement this training. This study examines how psychiatry programs are incorporating research education into their curriculums and how residents perceive this education. -- The questionnaires of Aguire and Buschbacher were combined and adapted for Canadian residency programs. The resulting survey consisted of 42 questions organized into 3 sections: demographics; opinions about resident research activity; and research curriculum. It was mailed to all 16 psychiatry program directors of the RCPSC and then to all 606 psychiatry residents. -- A response rate of 100% (16/16) was obtained for the directors. Resident research was generally agreed to be important, but only 64% (9/14) reported having an organized research curriculum. In fact, 44% (7/16) stated that no mandatory research was required at all. The minimum expectation for research activity was mostly in the form of a systematic or non-systematic literature review; however, 58% (7/12) took no action as a consequence of failing to meet this minimum. -- A response rate of only 35% was obtained for the residents. Residents felt that it was less important to participate in research and were less enthusiastic about it. Residents also felt that resident time and interest were the most important factors in making a research curriculum work, while directors believed the most· important factors were role models, research director, and an organized research curriculum. Directors consistently reported the importance of learning critical appraisal skills and performing analytical literature reviews. The residents also agreed with this. Both groups thought that critical appraisal was the most adequately taught research area and the area most often offered as mandatory teaching. Additional results of the survey are provided. -- Most programs have in place the basic elements conducive to resident research but there remains a lack of emphasis placed on its implementation. Suggestions for improving and implementing resident research education are given.


identifier: Balram, B. Christofer M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Balram=3AB=2E_Christofer_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1978) An epidemiological study of primary hypertension in children and adolescents 5 to 18 years of age in a rural Newfoundland community.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: An epidemiological study of primary hypertension in children and adolescents attending school in a rural Newfoundland community was carried out in 1977. Blood pressure measurements of 320 subjects 5-18 years of age were taken with a Physiometrics Automatic Blood Pressure Recorder. Of these 320 subjects, 68 had had their blood pressure measured two years earlier with an Arteriosonde 1010 recorder. The blood pressure values of these 68 subjects were used to study the ”tracking" of blood pressure by plotting a scattergram and obtaining linear egression statistics. -- Subjects were grouped into two year age groups and their blood pressure readings adjusted for age and sex and expressed in standard deviation unit (SDU) or scores. -- SDU scores ≥1 to <2 were considered as “high normal” and used to identify prospective hypertensives. SDU scores ≥2 were used to identify hypertensives. -- The familial aggregation of blood pressure was studied using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique. -- Blood Pressure readings for two year age groups were correlated with eleven factors. These were: height, weight, Quetelet Index, triceps skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness, upper arm circumference, resting heart rate, amplitude of P wave in lead II, amplitude of R wave in lead II, family size and birth order. -- Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out for children in the 5-12 and adolescents in the 13-18 year age groups. This division was made to ascertain whether the determinants of blood pressure levels might be different for children and adolescents. Blood pressure in SDU was the dependent variable and the eleven factors listed above were the independent variables. The data on three of these independent variables, height, weight, and Quetelet Index were converted to SDU. The level of statistical significance was chosen as p ≤0.05. -- The following results were obtained: -- (a) 14.4% of the 320 subjects had "high normal" systolic blood pressure with SDU scores ≥1 to <2 and 15.3% had “high normal” diastolic (4th phase) blood pressure with SDU scores ≥1 to <2. 1.6% had systolic hypertension with SDU scores ≥2. 1.6% had diastolic hypertension with SDU scores ≥2. -- (b) There was a strong significant tracking of systolic blood pressure. The regression coefficient of follow-up systolic blood pressure on initial systolic blood pressure was 0.53 (p <0.00002). A significant tracking effect of diastolic (4th phase) blood pressure was also obtained. The regression coefficient of follow-up diastolic (4th phase) blood pressure on initial diastolic (4th phase) blood pressure was 0.19 (p <0.05). -- (c) A significant aggregation of systolic (p <0.01) and diastolic (p <0.01) (4th phase) blood pressure within families was found for subjects 5-18 years of age. -- (d) Correlation analysis showed that systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with amplitude of P wave in lead II and amplitude of R wave in lead II in all age groups of each sex. Diastolic (4th phase) blood pressure was positively correlated with height, triceps skinfold thickness, resting heart rate, amplitude of P wave in lead II and amplitude of R wave in lead II in all age groups of each sex. -- (e) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that resting heart rate and amplitude of P wave in lead II were significant positive predictors of both systolic and diastolic (4th phase) blood pressure in the 5-12 and 13-18 year age groups. The amplitude of the R wave in lead II was a significant positive predictor of systolic blood pressure in the 5-12 and 13-18 year age groups. -- The findings relating amplitude of P wave in lead II and amplitude of R wave in lead II to blood pressure levels in children and adolescents is, to the author's knowledge, new and have never been reported before.


identifier: Banaszak, Michal <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Banaszak=3AMichal=3A=3A.html>   (1991) Microphase and macrophase separation in binary and ternary block copolymer blends.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis we investigate some properties of microphase separated copolymer blends by means of the theory of polymer mixtures developed by K. M. Hong and J. Noolandi, carrying out numerical self-consistent calculations for copolymer solvent blends and modifying a fourth order expansion of the free energy for copolymer/homopolymer blends. In all cases we restrict attention to the lamellar structure. -- Using the numerical self-consistent calculations we carry out systematic studies for copolymer/selective solvent blends in both the weak and strong segregation regimes. Comparison with earlier results of Whitmore and Noolandi for copolymer/neutral solvent blends is provided. -- We also study the lamellar structure of binary A-b-B/A and ternary A-b-B/A/B copolymer/homopolymer blends near the microphase separation transition. The approach we have developed in this case combines perturbative solutions to the modified diffusion equation with a model for the total A and B polymer density profiles. As test of this procedure we have compared numerical self-consistent calculations for binary copolymer/selective solvent blends with the modification of fourth order expansion introduced in this thesis. We have used the procedure to calculate the domain and subdomain thicknesses, the interfacial width, swelling of the copolymers by the homopolymers, and individual polymer density profiles, and their dependence on the copolymer and homopolymer degrees of polymerization, overall composition, and Flory interaction parameter. The results are compared with three sets of experiments on copolymer/homopolymer blends. They are consistent with the picture that added homopolymers tend to penetrate within the copolymers and swell them laterally, and that the degree to which this occurs depends on the relative molecular weights of the copolymers and homopolymers, as indicated in experiments of Hashimoto and coworkers and others. The tendency of added homopolymers to cause an increase or decrease in the domain thickness correlates with their tendency to stabilize or destabilize the microphase. -- Finally we construct phase diagrams of ternary, A-b-B/A/B, copolymer/homopolymer blends. This work is an extension of earlier research by Whitmore and Noolandi for binary and ternary blends. The approach, again, uses a perturbative solution to the modified diffusion equation to calculate the polymer distribution functions, but it employs only one wavenumber in the fourth order expansion of the free energy, significantly simplifying the numerical calculations. The main results of these calculations are phase diagrams for a variety of model systems containing symmetric and asymmetric copolymers mixed with homopolymers of varying molecular weights, and for a PS-b-PI/PS/PI mixture. We also compare induced microphase formation in ternary and binary blends


identifier: Banna, Muinul Hasan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Banna=3AMuinul_Hasan=3A=3A.html>   (2010) Performance evaluation of fibreglass reinforced polymer resins in hydrometallurgical process solutions.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks and pipes exposed to corrosive environment in hydrometallurgical process plants are expected to degrade. The objective of this research is to develop a series of tests which are sensitive to the exposure and will be able to distinguish different materials used for this purpose. In this study both FRP material (pipes and plates) and resins were exposed to different acidic solutions at different temperatures, exposure durations. They were tested by the help of standard ASTM and developed test methods to study whether these tests are sensitive indicators of exposure and if these tests could be used for distinguishing between different materials in their susceptibility to exposure. Microstructure assessment included tests only on resins, a tensile test (ASTM D638), a bending test (ASTM D790), a microhardness test and a heat deflection temperature test (ASTM D648). Among these tests the bending test and the microhardness test showed sensitivity to change of exposure conditions (solution, temperature, duration) and material (polyester and vinyl ester). Commercially available FRP tubes were used as samples for the tests on FRPs. Tests on FRP tube section included a tensile test on laterally loaded tube sections, a compression test and a bending test. -- The bending test and the tensile test on laterally loaded tube sections were the more sensitive among the tests done on the FRP tubes. Microstructure analysis of resins and FRPs before and after exposure showed the effect of exposure on the surface of different resins and provided indication regarding the penetration of the acidic fluid into the material. The tests were carried out after four weeks of exposure which limits the tests results to predict failure due to hydrometallurgical applications of the FRP components. The tests which are more sensitive to the exposure should be carried out for a longer period of time to predict the lifetime of the fibre reinforced plastic pipes and tanks.


identifier: Bannister, Gwendolyn Irene <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bannister=3AGwendolyn_Irene=3A=3A.html>   (1991) A comparison of the attitudes of grade VIII early and late French immersion students toward French immersion programs in Newfoundland and Labrador for the school year 1989-90.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Grade VIII early and late French immersion students in Newfoundland and Labrador were administered questionnaires in April 1990, to determine similarities and differences in the attitudes of these students towards their immersion program. Both groups indicated that they felt an immersion program would enable them to become bilingual, thus providing them with better job opportunities. Most of the students in EFI and LFI felt they could perform adequately in out-of-school activities requiring the use of French. However, the EFI students perceived their speaking skills as being more proficient than the LFI students. The LFI students did feel that this skill would improve once they had spent more time in the program. Students in both groups indicated that they would recommend an immersion program to a younger sibling or friend, although there were differences in opinion between the two groups and within the LFI group as to which grade was the best time to start. Although both groups of students viewed their programs positively, some recommendations for improvement were suggested, especially in the area of French reading and reference materials.


identifier: Bannister, Jane <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bannister=3AJane=3A=3A.html>   (2004) A description of preverb and particle usage in Innu-Aimûn narrative.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Sentences with multiple preverbs and/or particles are examined in this thesis. The data sentences were collected from the first 18 stories of the Labrador Innu Text Project. Chapter 1 is an introduction to Innu-aimun grammar, with sections on previous research into word ordering, especially preverb ordering. Chapter 2 describes the patterning, use and co-occurrence of the ten most common preverbs in the data sentences. Preverbs are subdivided into modal preverbs, temporal preverbs, aspectual preverbs and other preverbs. Chapter 3 discusses 28 common particles in the data. These particles are also divided into smaller groups, including complementizers, focus particles, negative particles, adverbs, temporal and aspectual particles, particles of speaker opinion and particles with changed forms. Both chapters 2 and 3 include discussion of regular patterns of ordering of preverbs or particles. Chapter 4 is an analysis of the use of the independent or conjunct orders following negative particles. Optimality Theory is used to explain Innu data, and sentences are analyzed based on Brittain (2001, 1997). A general thesis conclusion ends chapter 4.


identifier: Baran, Charles Stanley <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Baran=3ACharles_Stanley=3A=3A.html>   (1977) Determinants of public satisfaction with police: a balance theory analysis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A questionnaire survey was conducted of 170 citizens and 31 police officers to investigate the determinants of public satisfaction with the police. Within the framework of Newcomb's (1953) balance model, various components of the public's phenomenology were examined and then compared with the responses of the police. Results show that comparisons of what the public think the police do with (a) what the public would do if they were police officers, and (b) what the public would like to see the police do are both good predictors of public satisfaction in that agreement between the components of each comparison resulted in greater satisfaction than did disagreement. Of the three comparisons relating the phenomenology of the public to actual police responses, only the one comparing what the members of the public think the police do predicted public satisfaction. Explanations to account for these results and the applicability of Newcomb's model for the study of the police-community relationship are discussed, as are implications of the findings.


identifier: Barbour, Robert Leslie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Barbour=3ARobert_Leslie=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Underwater acoustic swept carrier communications.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Underwater acoustic communication is severely affected by multipath interference. A novel idea based on the observation that the time separation between direct and multipath signals can be utilized to suppress multipath interference is developed in this thesis. -- A proposed system employs a carrier with instantaneous frequency swept periodically in time over a broad frequency range. The carrier is narrowband modulated by a message signal resulting in a time varying instantaneous spectrum of the transmitted signal. The received signal is demodulated by a bandpass tracking receiver. The low sweeping frequency determines the multipath spectrum and the degree of multipath suppression by the tracking bandpass receiver. -- Computer evaluation of the swept carrier concept together with lab and field tests conducted on a system prototype show conclusively that swept carrier communication is a feasible technique for multipath interference suppression.


identifier: Barnsley, Paula Elizabeth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Barnsley=3APaula_Elizabeth=3A=3A.html>   (1973) A comparison of teacher and parent expectations for learning disabled and normal elementary school children in selected Newfoundland elementary schools.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate teacher and parent expectations for achievement of middleclass learning disabled boys as compared with a control group of middle-class boys of similar age, grade and potential for achievement. The learning disabled children had been diagnosed at the Learning Center, Memorial University and recommendations for the remediation of their specific learning problems had been made to their teachers. Although these children had not completed their remedial instruction at the time of the study, teachers and parents were informed that these children should achieve at a level congruent with their intellectual ability once they overcame their disabilities with special training. -- Teachers and parents of learning disabled and control group children were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to measure long- and short-term expectations for achievement. The number of subjects for whom both parents and teachers returned usable questionnaires were 30 out of 54 for the Learning Disabled Group and 33 out of 51 for the Control Group. Three of the control subjects were dropped because of non-average IQ ratings. From the rating scales included on the questionnaire, eight variables were selected to represent rated past achievement, rated potential and expectations for the present grade, and future success in reading and other academic subjects. It was observed that learning disabled children were rated significantly lower than control children by both parents and teachers for all of these variables. For all subjects parent ratings were higher than teacher ratings except for potential ability for reading achievement. For the other variables, parent and teacher ratings were similar for control children but teachers rated learning disabled children significantly lower than did parents. On the basis of these results, it was argued that teachers' and parents' attitudes regarding a learning disabled child's potential for academic success should be changed. Areas in which subsequent research would be valuable were suggested.


identifier: Barrett, Brendan  <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Barrett=3ABrendan_=3A=3A.html>   (1991) On design, methodology and analysis: a randomized controlled trial of radiocontrast media.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The preamble to this thesis describes the outline of a randomized trial which was performed to compare the incidence of adverse reactions to ionic high-osmolar and nonionic low-osmolar radiographic contrast media given by intravenous injection or during cardiac catheterization. The objective of the thesis itself is to describe the design, performance and analysis of this trial, while discussing methodologic issues that arose and flaws that occurred. The thesis will explore the consequences of the flaws and will seek to indicate how these might have been avoided or how they may be best dealt with now that they have occurred. -- Chapter 1 provides a background description of radiocontrast media, the history of their development, and an explanation of some terms which are used in relation to contrast throughout the text. -- Chapter 2 describes the scientific rationale for the study to compare the toxicity of ionic high-osmolar and nonionic contrast media. The literature review which forms the basis of this chapter was performed after the study had been completed. However, it is meant to indicate the sort of review which should precede the design of any substantial scientific research. -- Chapter 3 describes the research questions which were posed. This chapter also outlines the relationship .between the questions, existing knowledge about the toxicity of contrast media, and a proposed strategy for the future use of these media. -- Chapter 4 deals with the overall design of the trial and discusses the rationale for the choice of study population and interventions. -- Chapter 5 is concerned with the processes of randomization and blinding that were employed in the trial. There were several deficiencies in the methods of the trial at this point. These are described, along with their possible consequences. Reference is made to methods which would have been more appropriate. -- Chapter 6 discusses the choice of outcomes for the trial. Once again there were flaws in the methods. These are explored in this chapter. The handling of events is also discussed. The analysis and statistical methods used in the trial are discussed in Chapter 7. -- Chapter 8 provides a general review of the methods of economic analyses of health programs. The chapter also discusses some existing economic analyses of the use of contrast media and outlines a proposed economic analysis which will use data from the trial described here. Chapter 9 discusses some ethical issues which arose in relation to the current study. -- Chapter 10 summarizes the major methodological issues which were considered in the thesis.


identifier: Barrett, Neil <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Barrett=3ANeil=3A=3A.html>   (2007) User preference and embodied conversational agent groups.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The interface used to interact with the everyday computer is evolving, possibly towards embodied conversational agents (ECA/agent). ECAs are virtual characters with a body and persona that typically communicate with users via natural language speech. ECAs are successful in many ways and multi-ECA environments exist; yet there is a lack of results, especially pragmatic results, pertaining to a user's experience in multi-ECA environments. -- An experiment was realized, using a general framework built for simulating ECA groups, to understand user response to such groups. In particular, this experiment studies the difference in user response to a second additional agent in a single agent "group". -- WOZECA, a framework for simulating ECA groups, was built to accommodate ECA characteristics researched to date and facilitate ECA experiments. The framework presents several ECA group interface characteristics using a behind-the-scenes operator and configurable video clips. This flexibility permits multiple different experiments such as the one presented in this thesis. -- The experiment manipulates the number of embodied conversational agents (levels: 1 and 2 ECAs) and agent behaviour (levels: neutral, positive) in a two factor, two level design. The experiment manipulated ECA behaviour. The literature suggests users will respond socially and naturally to the interface. This prompted the use of the following constructs to quantify user response: group cohesiveness, the user's emotional state (valence & arousal) and the group's impact on user self-efficacy. -- The results suggest that a second additional agent influences user response. Specifically, ECA behaviour has more influence on group cohesion and valence than does the number of agents. Furthermore, group cohesion depends on the user's personal style, age and the ECA group's behaviour. WOZECA successfully simulated ECAs during the experiment and is capable of a variety of future experiments.


identifier: Barron, Andrea <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Barron=3AAndrea=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Work related musculoskeletal disorders and the crab processing industry: an analysis of gender differences.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study, part of a larger project, examined the prevalence, type, and symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and resulting disability in a sample of 107 crab plant workers in Newfoundland. The overall purposes of the thesis were twofold. First and foremost, the purpose of this thesis was to examine the types of work related injuries that men and women experience as a result of crab processing, the symptoms of these injuries, level of disability, and if there were any gender differences. An analysis comparing the survey responses of women (n=74) and men (n=33) revealed few differences in the prevalence, type or symptoms of WMSDs and resulting disabilities by gender. Some of these differences included that female workers were more likely to experience a neck injury than males and that males were more likely to have injuries to their arms than females. Pain was the predominant symptom experienced. Disability scores were high for men and women, but no significant differences. The second purpose was to assess what role physical risk factors plays in the presence of WMSDs. Overall, the results suggest that jobs in which employees engage in repetitive motion, work at high speeds and use precise movements of the hands and finger are associated with increased evidence of WMSDs. However, no significant relationship was found for gender differences on these physical risk factors. The findings from the study have a number of important education and practice implications for occupational health nurses, others working in occupational health and safety, as well as for workers and employers.


identifier: Barrowman, Gwynedd <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Barrowman=3AGwynedd=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Factors influencing the outcome of community care in a quick response trial in St. John's, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Quick Response (QR) Programs have been implemented in many places to assist patients and their families when through ill-health they are suddenly unable to manage at home. The aim is to tide them over a short-term crisis by providing speedy practical support in the home, to avoid unnecessary hospitalization, and where appropriate to provide information to assist families in making decisions for the future. -- This work summarizes the achievements of a number of QR programs in Canada, and outlines the methods and results of the QR project carried out in St. John's, Newfoundland in 1995. This was a clinical trial in which appropriate patients who came to the Emergency Room (ER) were randomized to receive either QR in their homes, or standard care, in hospital or at home, as ordered by the physician. Health status and function in daily living were measured using three well-validated questionnaires: the modified Barthel, the Short Form-36 and the Sickness Impact Profile. Care provided over three months, and the associated costs, were documented. Caregiver stress was measured using the Relatives' Stress Scale and the General Health Questionnaire-30. Enrolment in the study was poor: possible explanations are presented. -- Care in the community will play an increasingly important role as the population of Canada ages. The objectives of a community health agency are not the same as those of an acute care system; in the context of community care for people referred from the ER, some definitions of success are proposed. Based on data from the QR project, increasing age and the presence of one or more adverse diagnoses such as congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease and dementia were identified as predictors of an unsuccessful intervention by Community Health, whereas a supportive network of family and friends increased the likelihood of success. Finally, some suggestions for future research and development in community health care are presented.


identifier: Bartlett, Donald R. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bartlett=3ADonald_R=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1965) The fury and the grace: a study of the poetry and the poetic development of C. Day Lewis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Chapter I: A brief survey of the ‘Twenties and ‘Thirties is made; special emphasis is given to the prevailing pessimism and to the Auden Group’s reaction to it. This pessimism, reaction, and the personal background of Day Lewis are suggested to be important factors determining the nature of his poetry. -- Chapter II: Day Lewis’s shift from private to public interests is shown to be part of his contribution to the ‘Thirties myth of a ‘brave new world’. This early phase is a period of technical experimentation, of political enthusiasm and disillusion. Day Lewis’s lyrical abilities are emphasized especially as they are evident in From Feathers to Iron. -- Chapter III: The ‘Thirties myth is continued by Day Lewis’s glorification of the Republican cause in Spain. The poems in Overtures to Death centre on two themes: first, the heroism of minority groups; second, warnings of imminent global conflict. Day Lewis’s style is now more direct, his tone more urgent, than in previous volumes. -- Chapter IV: Day Lewis finds long sought human contacts in a world at war. Word Over All is perhaps his best volume: its themes are: first, praise of humankind in time of crisis, and faith in human perfectibility; second, essentially romantic poems commemorating a lost heroic age. His approach is to use metaphor for the war-poems, and developed imagery for the reflective poems. -- Chapter V: The poetic impulse behind Poems 1943-47 is Day Lewis’s disintegrating marriage; and the best poems of this volume are on this topic. His affinities with Meredith are evident in both content and technique. -- Chapter VI: Day Lewis’s last three volumes - An Italian Visit, Pegasus, and The Gate - are largely restatements of earlier themes. These volumes show increasing care in technique, but they lack the emotional base of much of his earlier work. Pegasus is the best volume of the three. -- Chapter VII: An attempt is made to account for Day Lewis’s technical experimentation. His various styles are illustrated, and a final assessment of his poetic achievement is attempted. Day Lewis is a good poet in a minor poetic age: a poet whose reputation rests with his lyrics.


identifier: Barton, Carla <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Barton=3ACarla=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Portraying psychiatry: a content analysis of images of mental disorders in print advertising for medical journals.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A content analysis was used to examine advertisements for psychotropic drugs from the Journal of the American Medical Association and the Canadian Medical Association Journal for the decades of the 1950s to 2000s. The ads were first coded according to journal, year, type of drug advertised, sex of subjects, themes, contexts and subject roles, and then quantitatively analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results from quantitative component are based on the most prominent themes, contexts and roles present in the advertisements, as well as a gender based analysis. Examples of psychotropic advertisements from the data are included within the body of the thesis to illustrate particular points. The remainder of the analysis is rounded out by a reflexive interpretation of the quantitative findings combined with inferences based on relevant social theory. -- Findings suggest that although methods of psychotropic drug advertising have changed somewhat over the years, many underlying characteristics remain the same. For instance, a significant gender bias is still apparent in how women are displayed in these ads. They are still the more frequent subjects in psychiatric advertising and are frequently depicted in passive roles. Pharmaceutical advertisers use visual metaphors to communicate abstract concepts and to link their drugs to notions of clarity, 'normality' and/or a return to the natural world. These 'symbols' represent attempts to visually document 'the mental state' by linking psychotropic drugs with concrete signifiers (objects from the natural world) as one way of presenting them as treatments for mental disorders.


identifier: Beaton, Gregory <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Beaton=3AGregory=3A=3A.html>   (2004) A chip off the old block: investigations of a Maritime Archaic lithic workshop/quarry site in Big Brook (EjBa-2), northwestern Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The following is a discussion of a Maritime Archaic Indian workshop /quarry site in Big Brook, Northwestern Newfoundland. It begins with an overview of the Maritime Archaic focussing on Southern Branch culture in Newfoundland and southern Labrador. The Late Archaic /Intermediate Indian period of the same region is also discussed. This discussion is followed by an overview of the Big Brook 2 site (EjBa-2) including descriptions of the excavation and artifacts. These descriptions illustrate a site characterized by a large lithic scatter and extensive burning. Discussion will then lead to a particular chert found on the site. Mention will be made of source areas in the area adjacent to the site. The distribution of this raw material is demonstrated along the Strait of Belle Isle. Finally, the Late/Archaic Intermediate Indian period in Newfoundland and southern Labrador along the Strait of Belle Isle is discussed.


identifier: Begum, Momotaz <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Begum=3AMomotaz=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Robotic mapping using soft computing methodologies.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.


identifier: Belanger-Willoughby, Natasha <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Belanger-Willoughby=3ANatasha=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Cellular mechanisms of thermosensing in orexin neurons.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Hypothalamic orexin neurons promote energy intake and expenditure. Thus, satiety and behavioural inactivity that accompany post-prandial rises in body temperature may, in part, be explained by the inhibition of orexin neurons. Using whole-cell patch clamp on rat brain slices, I investigated cellular mechanisms of orexin thermosensing. Orexin neurons are inhibited by elevated temperatures in-vitro but neighboring melanin-concentrating hormone neurons are not temperature-sensitive. Orexin neuronal inhibition is mediated by A TP-sensitive potassium channels, which are modulated by the UCP2 inhibitor genipin. Warming additionally revealed an increase in glutamatergic transmission (mEPSCs). This effect was attenuated by the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV 1) channel inhibitor AMG9810, suggesting mediation by pre- and post-synaptic TRPV 1 channels. Orexin neurons in rats overfed with high-fat westerndiet had impaired thermosensing mechanisms. In conclusion, this study suggests that postprandial thermogenesis inhibits orexin neurons to promote satiety and lethargic behaviours and additionally implicates a role for orexin thermosensing in diet-induced overconsumption.


identifier: Bell, Trevor J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bell=3ATrevor_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1987) Quaternary geomorphology, glacial history and relative sea level change in outer Nachvak Fiord, northern Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Torngat Mountains of northern Labrador portray a complex history of regional and local ice movements during the Wisconsinan. Research undertaken in outer Nachvak Fiord, central Torngat Mountains, provides the basis for a morphostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic framework. The application of relative and absolute dating techniques allows reconstruction of a tentative glacial and relative sea level chronology for the area. -- The Nachvak glacial phase represents the last regional ice advance into the outer Nachvak Fiord area. During this event, tributary valleys were backfilled by fiord ice as far east as the fiord threshold, whereas south of the fiord, ice terminated at the western end of Adams Lake. This ice advance is distinguished from previous glacial events on the basis of its drift properties. The earlier Adams Lake glacial phase is considered to be local m origin. The eastern limit of this advance, as defined by the maximum extent of local lithological and geochemical drift characteristics, was Valley of the Flies terminal moraine. The MI glacial phase represents an extensive, older regional ice advance and is characterized by the upper limit of till and moraine in the study area. -- Acoustic stratigraphy of Nachvak Fiord and Adams Lake sediments supplements the terrestrial glacial geology of the region. Acoustic units are interpreted as representing sedimentary facies related to one or more glacial - deglacial cycles, in both the fiord and lake basins. Tentative models of deposition require a grounded to partially-grounded outlet glacier m the fiord during the last regional ice advance, and a significant ice margin at the western end of Adams Lake. -- Analysis of raised marine evidence reveals eleven shorelines, ranging in elevation from 9 m to 73 m above present sea level. The extent and geometry of the shorelines are the bases of a model of relative sea level change during deglaciation from the Nachvak phase maximum. This permits the identification of the Shoal Water Cove and Tessersoak glacial readvances, and the Kogarsok and Townley Head glacial still-stands which appear consistent w1th the morphological evidence of moraines in the region. Locations of major loading centers which affected the Nachvak Fiord region, are based on the assumption of synchronous shoreline formation in the outer fiord area. Radiocarbon-dated shells from sediments associated with a raised marine shoreline suggest that approximately 30 m of emergence has occurred since 9 ka BP.  -- A tentative chronology of glacial events is reconstructed from radiocarbon dates, amino acid ratios, and soil development rates. The Nachvak glacial maximum is tentatively dated at 22 ± 2 ka BP. It is estimated that the Adams Lake glacial phase occurred during the period 29-50 ka BP. The MI glacial phase is tentatively dated at ≥75 ka BP, based on comparisons with similar regional ice advances on Baffin Island. -- Correlations with local chronologies from northern Labrador are proposed, and critically examined in the context of previous models of glaciation. The Early Wisconsinan in northern Labrador was likely characterized by an extensive advance of Laurentide ice which may have extended onto the Labrador Shelf. The Middle Wisconsinan is suggested to have been a period of local cirque glacier expansion, with associated high relative sea levels. The extent of Late Wisconsinan ice may have been topographically controlled in northern Labrador. In the Nachvak Fiord region ice was restricted to the fiord basin, whereas in areas north and south of the Torngat Mountains the ice advance may have been more extensive than during the Early Wisconsinan. The deglacial chronology proposed for Nachvak Fiord suggests that a stepwise recession of Laurentide ice characterized the late-glacial period.


identifier: Belland, Rene J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Belland=3ARene_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1981) Ecology and phytogeography of the mosses of the Bonne Bay region, western Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The moss flora of the Bonne Bay region, western Newfoundland, was investigated at 54 sites. These sites represented two physiographic regions, Coastal Plain and Highlands, and four rock types: calcareous, mafic, ultramafic, and acidic. Five lithophysiographic regions combining rock type and physiography were defined. -- The 261 moss species (in 112 genera) known from Bonne Bay comprise about 60% of the known moss flora for the island of Newfoundland. -- Eight species and two varieties of mosses were not previously known from Newfoundland: Arctoa fulvella (a genus new to Newfoundland), Ctenidium molluscum (a genus new to Newfoundland), Desmatodon latifolius var. muticus, D. laureri, Grimmia hartmanii var. anomala, Encalypta longicolla (a species new to eastern North America), Molendoa sentneriana (a genus new to Newfoundland), Orthotrichum obtusifolium, Trichostomum crispulum, and Timmia norvegica var. excurrens. -- The habitats in increasing order of moss diversity were peatlands, coastal exposures, barrens, forests, and freshwater areas. The lithophysiographic regions, in order of increasing moss diversity were, Ultramafic Highlands, Acidic Highlands, Coastal Plain, Mafic Highlands, and Calcareous Highlands. A high similarity among the moss floras of the Calcareous Highlands, Mafic Highlands, and Coastal Plain was attributed to the presence of calciphilic mosses in these regions. A high similarity was also noted between the moss floras of the Mafic and Acidic Highlands. The flora of the Mafic Highlands was considered distinctive and deserving of further study. -- Several species at Bonne Bay are widely disjunct from western North America, and rare in eastern North America: Arctoa fulvella, Campylopus atrovirens, Entodon concinnus, Encalypta longicolla, Grimmia hartmanii var. anomala, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Pseudoleskeella catenulata. These mosses have differing edaphic ecologies and dispersal potentials. Their Newfoundland occurrences are best explained by their having survived glaciation in ice-free areas at, or near, Bonne Bay, a hypothesis supported by recent glacial-geological evidence from the region.


identifier: Belland, Rene J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Belland=3ARene_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1984) The disjunct bryophyte element of the Gulf of St. Lawrence region: glacial and postglacial dispersal and migrational histories.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Gulf St. Lawrence region has a bryophyte flora of 698 species. Of these 267 (38%) are disjunct to this region from western North America, eastern Asia, or Europe. The Gulf of St. Lawrence and eastern North American distributions of the disjuncts were analysed and their possible migrational and dispersal histories during and after the Last Glaciation (Wisconsin) examined. Based on eastern North American distribution patterns, the disjuncts fell into 22 sub-elements supporting five migrational/ dispersal histories or combinations of these: (1) migration from the south, (2) migration from the north, (3) migration from the west, (4) survival in refugia, and (5) introduction by man. -- The largest groups of disjuncts had eastern North American distributions supporting either survival of bryophytes in Wisconsin ice-free areas of the Gulf of St. Lawrence or postglacial migration to the Gulf from the south. About 26% of the disjuncts have complex histories and their distributions support two histories. These may have migrated to the Gulf from the west and/or north, or from the west and/or survived glaciation in Gulf ice-free areas. The eastern North American distributions of some species in these groups suggests that survival in ice-free areas best explains their presence in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Anthropogenic introduction to the Gulf and migration from the north are relatively unimportant migrational/ dispersal histories for disjuncts in the region. No bryophyte sub-elements supported the hypothesis of long distance dispersal to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. -- Within the Gulf of St. Lawrence, species having migrated from the south generally show widespread distributions or occur primarily in the southern portions of the study area. Bryophytes introduced to the Gulf by man occur in eastern Newfoundland and in central Nova Scotia. The bryophytes in the remaining groups show generally similar patterns; they are restricted to the northern half of the study area, or show small disjunctions between western Newfoundland, Gaspe and, occasionally, Cape Breton. -- Important habitats for disjunct bryophytes are late snowbeds and limestone barrens. The disjunct bryophytes in late snowbeds are primarily montane species, whereas the disjunct bryophytes in the limestone barren habitat are predominantly of arctic affinity. The disjunct bryophytes in the snowbed habitat provide some of the strongest evidence for survival of bryophytes in Gulf ice-free areas. -- The importance of disjunctions to the phytogeography of the Gulf of St. Lawrence varies with geographic scale. Continental disjunctions are best explained as resulting from climatic and geological changes occurring since the Tertiary whereas disjunctions at the eastern North American scale provide the best evidence for solving problems relating to Wisconsin bryophyte dispersal and migrational histories in the Gulf. Bryophyte disjunctions within the Gulf are explained adequately by climatic and ecological factors operating during the Holocene.


identifier: Belliveau, Karissa D. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Belliveau=3AKarissa_D=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Coastal geomorphology of southwest Banks Island, NWT: historical and recent shoreline changes and implications for the future.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Predicted changes in Arctic climate include decreased sea-ice extent, increased storm frequency, and sea-level rise. The western Canadian Arctic is highly sensitive to sea-level rise and climate change due to, high ground ice concentrations in unlithified sediments, increased storm effectiveness, decreased sea-ice extent, and high erosion rates. The southwest coast of Banks Island has similar climate conditions, substrates and ground ice contents. Publicized community concern about changing coastal conditions led to Sachs Harbour, NWT being chosen as one of the first coastal sites for detailed study as part of an ArcticNet project. -- Sachs Harbour and the southwest coastline of Banks Island is dominated by low unlithified coastal bluffs containing segregated ice lenses and ice-rich silty sand horizons. Initial investigations identified three possible mechanisms for coastal erosion: wave activity and storm events, rising sea level and decreasing sea-ice extent, and increased thermal ablation coupled with regional submergence. -- Thirty-one coastal surveys, nearshore bathymetric surveys, and sediment samples were used to determine present coastal processes and rates change. Suspended particulate matter before and after a precipitation event were used to determine the effectiveness of runoff. Aerial photographs and satellite images were used to determine historical change along the coastline and within the community. Sea ice and storm records were analysed from the 1950s to present in order to determine the frequency of events and the associated sea-ice conditions.


identifier: Bencivenga, Roberto <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bencivenga=3ARoberto=3A=3A.html>   (1978) The Adams completion.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: The Adams completion

abstract: This thesis has no abstract.


identifier: Benfey, Tillmann J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Benfey=3ATillmann_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1983) The production of triploid landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and their potential for aquaculture.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Heat shocks of 5 minutes at 32°C or hydrostatic pressure shocks of 3 or 6 minutes at 7.0 x 10⁴ kPa (10,150 p.s.i.), when completed within 20 minutes of fertilization at 10°C, were found to induce 100% triploidy with 70-90% survival (relative to controls) in eggs of landlocked salmon (Salmo salar L.). The identical heat shock yielded substantially lower numbers of triploids when applied 25 to 45 minutes after fertilization. Pressure shocks of longer duration (9 to 15 minutes at 7.0 X 10⁴ kPa) or higher magnitude (6 minutes at 7.9 X 10⁴ to 10.5 X 10 4 kPa) resulted in 100% mortality prior to hatching. The duration of the effective period within which heat shocks could be used to induce triploidy was found to be temperature dependent, being longer at 6.5°C than at 10°C. Attempts to induce polyploidy with cytochalasin B were unsuccessful.  -- Karyotyping was not a useful method for the routine identification of triploids because it was time-consuming and inconsistent. The use of a microspectrophotometer to measure the DNA content of Feulgen-stained erythrocytes, although time-consuming, clearly distinguished triploid from diploid fish. Blood cell sizing by means of a Coulter Counter Channelyzer was a highly effective alternative to screen for triploids, being both fast and accurate. This technique was routinely used to identify triploid individuals. The use of various erythrocyte dimensions measured from blood smears was a valid method for indentifying triploids, but was also time-consuming. No mosaic polyploids were found, and the existence of such fish is questioned. -- Triploid fish had a greater mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) but lower erythrocyte count than diploids; the haematocrit was thus the same in diploids and triploids. Although the total blood haemoglobin content and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were lower in triploids than in diploids, the mean corpuscular haemoglobin content (MCH) was higher than that of diploids. The increase in triploid MCV was mainly due to an increase in cell length; there was only a minor increase in cell width and no increase in cell height. The nucleus of triploid erythrocytes occupied a greater percentage of the corpuscular volume than did the diploid nucleus. Mean cytoplasmic haemoglobin concentration was found to be the same for diploids and triploids when this was taken into account. -- The rates of oxygen consumption by diploid and triploid fish were the same, as was the oxygen tension at asphyxiation. Growth rates (measured as change in weight with time) prior to spawning were the same for diploids and triploids, but diploids were consistently shorter in fork length, thus having a higher condition factor. The  gonadosomatic index (GSI) of diploid females was 13 times greater than that of triploid females, but the GSI of diploid males was only 1.9 times greater than that of triploid males. Triploid ovaries had the appearance of gonads, but triploid testes were well-developed. Gonad histology revealed that diploid ovaries were packed with hundreds of previtellogenic oocytes (stages 1-4), whereas triploid ovaries contained mostly undifferentiated oogonia. Every triploid ovary examined, however, contained at least one oocyte having the typical diploid appearance, indicating that triploid females were not sterile. Triploid testes contained all the elements present in the diploid testes, but development appeared to be delayed in comparison to that of the diploids. -- It is concluded that triploid females may be of benefit to salmonid aquaculture, but that further studies of growth and maturation are required.


identifier: Benjamins, Steven <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Benjamins=3ASteven=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Incidental catch of large marine vertebrates in gillnet fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Small cetaceans, such as harbour porpoises, often become entangled in gillnets, and this anthropogenic mortality is a conservation concern. For years, harbour porpoises have been captured regularly in fisheries in waters of Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada), but defendable estimates have been lacking. Incidental catch of small cetaceans in nearshore and offshore gillnet fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador waters was studied for the years 2001, 2002 and 2003, using datasets from Fisheries and Oceans Canada, reports from fishers, and Fishery Observer records. Fisheries studied included those targeting Atlantic cod, lumpfish, Atlantic herring, monkfish, white hake, Greenland halibut, redfish and winter flounder. -- A methodology was developed to estimate incidental catch, based on datasets currently available within the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Confidence intervals were generated using resampling statistics, allowing an assessment of uncertainty surrounding these estimates. Despite reductions in fishing effort since 1992, an estimated average of 1,516 harbour porpoises were captured in various Newfoundland and Labrador gillnet fisheries annually between 2001 and 2003. Most captures occurred in nearshore fisheries for Atlantic cod and lumpfish. Several dolphin species were also captured in smaller numbers, mostly in the offshore monkfish fishery. The impact of this mortality on the population of harbour porpoise and other small cetaceans cannot be assessed until population estimates become available. -- Using the same methodology, incidental catch assessments were compiled for numerous species of pinnipeds, seabirds, sharks and bony fish that had been reported as incidental catch. For most species, insufficient information exists to assess the impact of this mortality. However, catch rates of harbour seals, murres. shearwaters, various shark species and sturgeons appear to warrant concern. -- In conclusion, Newfoundland and Labrador gillnet fisheries annually remove considerable numbers of non-target large marine vertebrates from the local marine ecosystem. The nearshore fisheries for Atlantic cod and lumpfish, and the offshore fishery for monkfish, appear to capture the greatest diversity of species, including small cetaceans, various seals, murres, shearwaters, schooling sharks and sturgeons. Various potential measures to mitigate this incidental catch in Newfoundland and Labrador are discussed. A framework for assessing the impacts of fisheries on marine environments is described.


identifier: Bennett, Elizabeth Jane <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bennett=3AElizabeth_Jane=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Annual changes in spatial aggregation of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, age classes in NAFO Divisions 2J3KL and 4RS (1978-1994).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Geographic contraction of range can be explained by using a basin model (MacCall 1990) which predicts that density-dependent populations will tend to contract toward the most favorable habitat as the population collapses. Literature has suggested that the distribution of demersal species such as Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (Swain 1993) may be a product of the basin model phenomena. In this thesis I examine change in Atlantic cod aggregation during stock decline as it depends on age class, in order to better understand the spatial dynamics of the collapse of the Atlantic cod stocks in both NAFO (Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization) divisions 2J3KL (northeast Newfoundland Shelf) and 4RS (Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence), and explore how the basin model and density-dependent habitat selection relate to the change in aggregation into restricted areas during the collapse of Atlantic cod. -- I use research vessel data which was collected by Department of Fisheries and Oceans (1978-1994) in NAFO divisions 2J3KL, and 4RS to identify common characteristics of the spatial dynamics of the cod collapse. I explore the distributional shifts and change in aggregation of Atlantic cod age classes (≤2-12+ yrs) and age groups (ages ≤2, ages 3-4 ages, 5-6 and age 7-12+) from 1978 to 1994, by using distributional maps, the Gini index, the variance, the skewness of the frequency distribution, the exponent of power law, and the shape of cumulative frequency distribution. -- My results show that the most distinct measure of aggregation was the Gini index in combination with the distribution maps. These measures show that older cod peaked in aggregation while collapsing into fewer locations in the early 1990s and that the cod distribution collapse into reduced areas was specific to older age classes of Atlantic cod, with a lesser degree of spatial contraction in younger age classes and little or no contraction in the youngest age classes and variable rather than fixed locations of aggregation. Thus I offer an alternate explanation for the collapse into restricted areas, one that does not depend on habitat selection, as in the basin model. The alternative explanation is that each year reproductively mature cod aggregate to spawn and that as the population shrinks the number of spawning locations shrinks but not necessarily at the same site each year. Patterns of aggregation in this study have important implications for these stocks and that aggregative behavior by age group should be monitored and displayed for all cod stocks. -- Spatial structure and degree of aggregation should be monitored and displayed for all demersal species, not just for management of pelagic species. In this instance, when evaluating cod aggregation during a collapse a measure of aggregation that performs well, the Gini index should be considered in science advice to management.


identifier: Bennett, John <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bennett=3AJohn=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Collaboration or consultation?: the development and implementation of social policy in rural Newfoundland and Labrador from the strategic social plan to the Rural Secretariat.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis has no abstract.