title: A Surface Acoustic Wave Wideband FM Discriminator

contributor:
Campbell, C.K.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
The advantages that wideband frequency modulation (FM) offers over amplitude modulation (AM) are minimum transmission power and better output signal-to-noise ratio. The discriminator in the FM receiver is important since its performance dictates the degree of capability of exploiting these advantages. Conventional FM discriminators are faced with limitations such as bandwidth of operation, linearity of conversion characteristics, dynamic range due to FM threshold, frequency of operation, reproducibility, reliability, and economics. These problems are caused by the basic restrictions found in the principle of operation, and the nature of the devices used to realize these discriminators. The subject of this thesis is to explain alternatives to overcome these problems.

In the class of narrow band FM discriminators, we have suggested two discriminators whose operation is based on Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) resonators, and SAW differential delay lines. For wide band FM discriminators we have developed a principle of operation based on a modified M-ary correlation receiver principle. The actual discriminator was realized with a system using a SAW chirped matched filter as the central signal processing element, and a zero-crossing detector technique is employed to minimize the errors in signal detection. The design and fabrication of a SAW chirp filter is discussed. A simple thin film technique to modify the aperture of an interdigital transducer (IDT) in order to obtain the required frequency response is explained and verified experimentally. To prove the principle of operation, a discriminator operating at 70 MHz with a bandwidth of 18 MHz has been produced. The performance evaluation of the device shows the linearity to be better than 1.8% over the bandwidth. The FM threshold occurs at -3 dB of input carrier-to-noise ratio. The parameters and measurement techniques employed to evaluate the noise performance of the chirp filter are explained, and the capability of the principle of operation for further extension of the FM threshold is explained. Finally, as applications we have proposed a multi-frequency position modulation modem. The principle of operation and implementation of this modem is discussed. In addition, applications to dual modulation schemes, such as pulse amplitude modulation - frequency modulation (PAM-FM), and applications to instrumentation systems, are also discussed briefly.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Charles Burney's Philosophy of Music Criticism

contributor:
Renwick, William
Music Criticism

subject:
Music Criticsm
Music
Music

abstract:
Charles Burney represents one the most significant voices in the world of eighteenth-century music criticism. This thesis examines his critical philosophy, style and achievements as contained primarily in his General History of Music and Tours of France, Italy and Germany. Burney's criticism is explored in the context of its social and historical position and in relation to various musical genres.

The first two chapters present an introduction to Burney, summarizing the main events in his life which contributed to his development as a critic and describing the the considerable influence that such figures as Samuel Johnson and Jean Jacques Rousseau exerted on his critical outlook.

Chapter Three examines Burney's critical practice in terms of the criteria which he applied in judging various types of performance and composition. The fourth chapter contrasts differences in the critical styles of Burney and Sir John Hawkins, two men who represented diametrically opposed methods of musical criticism. The final chapter examines Burney's achievements as a critic both in relation to his era and up to, and including, our own.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Musical Canada: A Study of Music Criticism and Journalism in an Early Twentieth Century Canadian Music Periodical

contributor:
Deaville, James A.
Music Criticism

subject:
Music Criticsm
Music
Music

abstract:
As one of Canada's longest continuing music periodicals, Musical Canada (1906-1933) is an important representative of musical sentiment at the early part of this century. Due to its extensive coverage of Canadian musical events, the journal appealed to both music lovers and professional musicians alike. Throughout its publication history, Musical Canada tried to uphold its ideal of providing Canada with an indigenous music journal which would reflect the thoughts and interests of its musical community, and thereby fill a void in Canadian music journalism of that time. As a thorough chronicle, Musical Canada now can function as a valuable resource for information on the concerts, competitions, musicians, and general musical sentiment of its period.

Apart from examining the details of the publication, this thesis discusses the editors, critics, journalists, and composers who contributed to Musical Canada, what they contributed, and the influences that they had upon the journal. Issues raised throughout Musical Canada's twentyseven years are evaluated with particular emphasis on nationalism and musical items of interest to the nation. A selection of original articles and compositions from the music supplement are compiled in two appendices - the former is indexed chronologically, then by author/composer.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Felix Mitterer's Besuchszeit and Sibirien: Humanizing the Socially Critical Volksstück

contributor:
Chapple, Gerald
German

subject:
German
German Language and Literature
German Language and Literature

abstract:
Felix Mitterer is a well-known Austrian playwright who has yet to receive extensive recognition in North America. He writes in the tradition of the Volksstück, a genre which is usually associated with clichés, crude comedy, sentimentality and entertainment for the masses. But increasingly, authors have manipulated the traditional aspects of this genre to create Volksstücke with a socially critical message. Mitterer has been associated with a movement begun in the late sixties known as the "new socially critical Volksstück." Most writers of this movement address provocative themes, but have alienated the intended audience of the Volksstück, the ordinary people, by creating works which are cynical, surreal or violent. Mitterer has modified the socially critical Volksstück so that it appeals to a wide audience.

I will analyze how Mitterer has accomplished this by examining his two most popular and widely performed plays, Besuchszeit and Sibirien. I will explore his presentation of provocative themes - alienation resulting from a lack of communication, the problematic nature of traditional gender roles, difficulties arising from unrestrained progress, and the dehumanizing nature of institutions - and his manipulation of traditional Volksstück elements in order to demonstrate his unique combination of the mundane and the artistic. Then I will examine the critical response to performances of these two works in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, focusing on newspaper reviews, the major source of information on his works, in order to understand the strengths and weaknesses of his method of presentation. I will conclude by showing how he has modified both the traditional and the new socially critical Volksstück to create a more human version of this which appeals to a wide audience while achieving critical and scholarly recognition.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Rational Suicide in the Mentally Ill

contributor:
Waluchow, W.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
In this thesis I assume that suicide can be a rational and a moral action in certain circumstances. However, I argue that the traditional arguments in favour of rational and moral suicides that exclude the mentally ill are mistaken. I begin with an examination of the usual arguments for rational suicide. This examination includes the criteria used to test for rationality, the constituents of rational decision making, and the types of cases usually accepted as rational or rejected as irrational. I discuss alternate perspectives to the equation of mental illness with irrationality and irresponsibility. I criticize the 'medical' model conception of mental illness, its practice, and its communications model. I propose that an alternative model could provide different information and different conclusions as to rationality. I introduce J, a person who has committed suicide. I apply the usual criteria for rationality both to the general case of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia and to J's experience in particular.

In the last chapter, I examine the concept of a right to suicide and suggest the conception of suicide as a component of a fundamental right to life. I conclude that the 'mentally ill' are not incapable by virtue of being mentally ill and can sometimes make rational and moral decisions including the decision to commit suicide. I also conclude that they hold the same fundamental rights as any other person, including a fundamental right to suicide.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Caribbean Vice Admiralty Courts, 1763-1815; Indispensable Agents of an Imperial System

contributor:
McCready, H. W.
History

subject: History History

abstract: This thesis examines the nature and development of the British Vice Admiralty Courts in the West Indies, Bahamas and Bermuda between the end of the Seven Years' War and the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the heyday of "the First British Empire". After a general introduction and a chapter describing the origins of the Courts down to 1763, there are sections on personnel and procedures , appointments and patronage , the law applied by the Courts in their various functions, and relationships, metropolitan and colonial. A chronological treatment follows, of the American War of Independence, the interwar period 1783-93, and the period of greatest prosperity, sophistication and reform during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, when the Courts were strongly influenced by Sir William Scott, the great Judge of the High Court of Admiralty. The thesis is rounded off by a short summary of conclusions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: North Pacific Security Regimes: the North Pacific Cooperative Security Dialogue and Open Skies

contributor:
Stubbs, Richard
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
This thesis examines the likelihood of institutionalized security arrangements, which have been successfully developed in Europe, emerging in the North Pacific. It seeks to explain whether a security regime, involving confidence and security building measures (CSBMs) or arms control, can be established in the region. If such a regime is to be established, the obstacles that have to be overcome are analyzed. As a way of testing the transferability of CSBMs from Europe to the North Pacific, two regional CSBM proposals, the North Pacific Cooperative Security Dialogue (NPCSD) and Open Skies (OS), are evaluated. It is concluded that the NPCSD is more likely to succeed, as a regional security regime, than an attempt to transplant the Open Skies concept from Europe to the North Pacific.

Given the problems between the various North Pacific states and the different circumstances between the North Pacific and Europe, the NPCSD is more likely to be adopted because it attempts to build the requisite political cooperation necessary for larger CSBMs, like Open Skies, to work. Open Skies needs greater inter-state collaboration than currently available in the region. This thesis concludes with a discussion of how greater economic integraton of the North Pacific political-economy might encourage political cooperaton over regional issues.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Merchant of Venice: A Study of the Canadianization and Development of Shakespearean Theatre at the Stratford Festival

contributor:
Roebuck, Graham
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: This thesis focuses on the Canadianization and development of Shakespearean theatre at the Stratford Festival. The Festival has developed into a national institution and ranks as one of the best English-speaking theatre companies in the world. I have chosen to study the seven productions of "The Merchant of Venice" in order to explore the chronological development both artistically and administratively of the Festival. The impact of externalities such as the political climate, economic climate, cultural expansion throughout the past 50 years, have had a great impact on the formation of a Canadian theatre style. The Merchant of Venice is unique in the fact that it fuels anti-Semitic controversy every time that it is produced. This is clearly indicative of how anti-Semitic sensitivities in a post-Holocaust audience have influenced artistic interpretations of the play. By comparing the seven productions, it will be clearly evident how artistic development either mirrors or conflicts the mores and anxieties of society at any given time. The development of acting companies and how Canada has established a strong talent base, particularly in classical training will also be discussed. The role that Stratford has played in nurturing this talent and creating a Canadian star- system is relevant not only to the Festival, but to the growth of theatre in Canada as a whole.Canadian classical theatre is of the highest calibre, and this thesis will explore the journey of the artist, of the audience, and of the works of Shakespeare through the Canadian cultural mosaic.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Women, Citizens and Soldiers: The Gender Integration of the Canadian Forces

contributor:
Vosko, L.
Vosko, L.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: The purpose of this thesis was to do a gender-based policy analysis of the gender integration program of the Canadian Forces, looking specifically at women in the combat arms (Infantry, Armoured, Artillery and Combat Engineers). In researching this thesis, I studied primary policy documents extensively, as well as engaging in both participant and unobtrusive observation at Area Training Centre Meaford and Combat Training Centre Gagetown. The research revealed that, despite recent efforts to achieve gender neutrality by the leadership of the Anny and the Canadian Forces, what it takes to be perceived as a good soldier remains inextricably linked, with what it takes to be perceived as a good man. In other words, life in the combat am1S remains predicated on the male norm. It is my argument that it is exactly this attempt at gender neutrality that inhibits women's integration into the combat arms, by masking the continuance of male privilege through the perception of difference as equivalent with inferiority. This translates not only into unofficial attitudes of soldiers, but also into training standards, equipment and a social infrastructure that assumes that men are the norm. I, therefore, argue that only when women are recognized as different, without assuming physical or social inferiority, will the CF be able to successfully integrate women as equals into the combat arms.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: l'Euguélionne de Louky Bersianik:une écriture au féminin?

contributor:
Ahmed, M.
French

subject: French and Francophone Language and Literature

abstract: Parallélement au mouvement de libération de la femme dans la civilisation occidentale, une vague de textes féminins de tous genres a déferlé depuis quelques années sur le marché du livre. Rompant avec la tradition qui voulait que tout texte de femme ne traite que de préoccupations réservées depuis toujours a Ia femme, telles le foyer, la famille ou l'amour, ces textes, bien que fort divers, tant dans leur contenu que dans leur forme, semblent cependant présenter des caractères communs. Certain(e)s critiques s'accordent a reconnaitre en eux l'apparition d'une nouvelle écriture, dite écriture au féminin, par opposition a l'écriture traditionnelle au masculine La premiére se caractérise par I'ouverture et Ia fluidité et s'oppose a la langue univoque de la seconde. En d'autres termes, l'écriture au féminin se développerait sur un axe paradigmatique tandis que l'ecriture au masculin fonctionnerait plutột au niveau du syntagme. Après avoir élaboré une théorie a partir des thèses formulées par divers auteurs, pour la plupart du sexe féminin nous avons tenté dans notre étude d'appliquer cette théorie a un texte qui nous avait particuliérement frappée par sa puissance, caractéristique que l'on ne s'tattend pas a trouver dans un écrit de femme si l'on a absorbé tous les prejugés de la culture masculine qui associe la faiblesse a la féminité.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Digital Instrumentation for Walsh-Fourier Spectrum Measurement

contributor:
Kitai, R.
Electrical Engineering

abstract:
A review of Walsh Spectral Analysers (WSA) using direct and fast transform methods is presented. A serial processor is developed that uses long shift registers to perform a Hadamard transform. This is extended by adding additional hardware to yield coefficients in dyadic and sequency order. Incoming data is thereby stored in a permuted manner, followed by sequential retrieval and transfer to a Hadamard transform processor. This scheme is faster than an earlier processor described by Geadah and Corinthios. Also a new pipeline structure with identical stages is evolved.

The design of a Microprocessor-based Walsh-Fourier Spectral Analyser is given in detail. It uses an off-the-shelf single board microcomputer System 80/10 in conjunction with a special purpose board. The latter includes A/D conversion circuitry, a direct memory access controller, and a frequency multiplication module (FMM). The purpose of FMM is to generate 2ᵐ sampling pulses (64 in the system built) within one cycle of the input signal; this feature is required to compute the Fourier/Walsh coefficients of a periodic signal without leakage error. The new FMM circuit is a substantial improvement over earlier designs and permits a higher frequency of operation at a low clock frequency.

Two methods (one by Siemens and Kitai and the other by Tadokoro and Higuchi) of Walsh to Fourier conversion are reviewed. The conversion process is compared with the Cooley-Tukey FFT methods with respect to the number of multiplications, memory requirements, and effects of finite word length in computation.

The Walsh to Fourier conversion process is implemented through software to obtain 64 sine and cosine components. The instrument is interfaced to a HP 2647A intelligent graphic terminal for the display of Walsh and Fourier coefficients.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Clara Schumann, The (Wo)Man and Her Music: An Examination of Nineteenth-Century Female Virtuosity

contributor:
Deaville, James
Music Criticism

subject:
Music Criticism
Music
Music

abstract:
Women in the field of music have always occupied a tenuous position between Madonna and whore. I Despite music being cast as feminine, women who were performers, composers, or have occupied musical positions of power have with few exceptions been marginalized from scholarly discourse. Clara Schumann was perhaps the first and most acknowledged exception, heralded as one of the foremost virtuosi of her time. Her unusual education and her treatment by journalistic critics facilitated this acceptance.

From her early training to her mature career as a concert pianist, Clara Schumann's management by her father is not indicative of a normal upbringing for a girl of the mid-1800's. Friedrich Wieck's specialized piano method empowered Clara with the same skills that male music students received. This transgressive sidelining of her gender, as encouraged by her father, was the first stage in the subversion of societal conventions and expectations of gender evident in her life.

In examining concert reviews from the 1850's, we find a continuation of the negotiation of Clara's gendered identity, especially in light of theoretical insight by Judith Butler into the performativity of gender. Reviews by notable writers Eduard Hanslick and Franz Liszt offer different sides of the same gender coin. Clara was identified male either by her masculine playing or as a survivor of a potentially destructive, masculinized educational tyranny.

Focusing on Clara's letters and diaries, critical accounts of her performances, and a variety of secondary sources, this thesis will examine female virtuosity, using Franz Liszt and Jenny Lind as examples to support an alternative approach to virtuosity for women. In doing so, this study will clarify the effect of gender upon virtuosity in the nineteenth century as well as contribute new insights into Clara's attitude toward virtuosity.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Competing Discourses: A Barthian Reading of Gender in Daniel Defoe's Roxana

contributor:
O`Connor, Mary
English

abstract: In this thesis I have constructed a "gender code" in the Barthian theory as outlined in S/Z and "Textual Analyses of Poe's 'Valdemar' " in order to examine the plural discourses at play at the site of the narrating "I" in Daniel Defoe's Roxana. Present scholarship on Daniel Defoe's use of the fIrst person female point of view has predominantly concentrated on Moll Flanders, subordinating the importance of Roxana, Defoe's last novel and second attempt with a female narrator in his novels. Like Moll, Roxana self-consciously tells her own story, but the absence of a reason for narration in Roxana makes Roxana a far more complex novel. Using Barthes's hermeneutic code and his theory of antithesis I have attempted to explain why Roxana tells her story. Furthermore, Defoe's paradoxical views on women are more problematic in Roxana. In Chapter One I have discussed the useful aspects of Barthes's structuralist and poststructuralist theory as applied to a feminist theory on gender. Chapters Two and Three analyze lexia by lexia some gendered sections of Defoe's Roxana only to discover a shifting gendered identity at the site of "I" which is discussed in detail in Chapter Four. I conclude this paper with the observation that both the presentation of paradoxical attitudes towards women and Roxana's reasons for narration can be explained by the power struggles at the site of "I."

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Les Relations fraternelles dans trois romans d'Anne Hebert

abstract: Notre these se presentera comme une etude intra-intertextuelle du theme des relations fraternelles dans trois romans d'Anne Hebert: Les chambres de bois, Les enfants du sabbat et L'Enfant charge de songes. Cette etude sera concue comme une analyse de la problematique d'une relation entre le meme et I'autre representee par Ie rapport endogame et exogame du couple fraternel. L'etude de la relation endogame et exogame nous permettra de poser Ie probleme de la construction sociale (la socio-sexuation) de I'homme (frere) et de la femme (soeur) et de leur relation. Les deux chapitres chercheront it montrer une evolution du theme des relations fraternelles et no us essayerons de montrer comment Ie troisieme roman, L'Enfant charge de songes incarnera Ie compromis entre l'endogamie et l'exogamie.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: AVANT ROCK'S HYBRID GENEALOGY: "ORIGINS," "BRIDGES," AND "MERGERS" ACROSS THE HIGH ART/LOW ART DIVIDE

contributor:
Fast, Susan
Music Criticism

subject: Music Music

abstract:
Genres develop as historical narratives are created: the narrative pinpoints certain

bands and "eras" as markers of the style. In the case of avant rock, the narrative

repeatedly relies on a language of "hybridity." This language forms the foundation for

how the bands influential to the avant rock genre are interpreted and discussed by critics,

biographers, and fans. The introduction suggests "origins" for the high artllow art

discourse that carries over into the avant rock discourse. Chapter Two examines the

associations between the Velvet Underground and influential members of the avant garde

art world, such as Andy Warhol, John Cage, and La Monte Young. These interactions in

turn feed the high artllow art narrative that makes the Velvet Underground an appropriate

"point-of-origin" band for avant rock. Chapter Three examines the avant garde

background of some of the Sonic Youth band members, and the band's interactions with

avant garde composers such as Glenn Branca. The band's position as a "Ieader-in-crisis"

also relies heavily on a high art/low art hybrid narrative in order to position Sonic Youth

as the "resolution" between high art/low art rivalries. The final chapter shifts focus to the

present discussion surrounding early twenty-first century bands, looking at how the

discourse is shaped around bands that fall into the avant rock category, and how the

discourse fluctuates in the process of carving out new categories, even as genealogies are

repeatedly invoked to support the existing genres.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Paradox of the Margin in the Novels of Janette Turner Hospital

contributor:
Donaldson, J.
English

abstract:
This thesis will explore the work of Janette Turner Hospital. Her work

reveals the attempt to mediate between two levels of reality. The first may

be described as that which comprises the world of objective reality, of

everyday life, of western culture and the perceived centre. The other level is

perceived to exist on the margins of the first, and encompasses the subjective,

the unconventional, the Third World and the supernatural. The awareness

of this dichotomy, which has connective roots to Hospital's experience in both

Australia and Canada, has led her to search for the integration of these two

worlds. The difficulties of this quest form a central issue in Hospital's novels.

These difficulties include the belief that the world of the margin cannot be

truly known, especially from the perspective of the centre, and that, because

the two levels of reality coexist, they cannot be separated.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Les voix feminines a travers la fiction de trois auteures quebecoises: Angeline de Montbrun de Laure Conan Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy Le Desert Mauve de Nicole Brossard

contributor:
Bayard, Caroline
French

abstract: La voix des protagonistes feminins des trois romans a I'etude, nous amene a reevaluer nos facons de lire ces romans. A partir de leur corps, de leur espace social et de leur responsabilite face a l'histoire, les personnages feminins mettront en valeur leur voix par rapport au milieu social qui les entoure. C'est a travers leurs paroles que l'on constatera qu'une evolution semble se produire en ce qui concerne leur position d'objet a sujet dans ce monde patriarcal circonscrit de I'espace litteraire de leur epoque

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: La Scene Politique et la Politique sur Scene

contributor:
Nardocchio, Elaine F.
French

abstract: Cette these est une analyse de la forme de trois pieces quebecoises dites politiques des annees soixante.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: CONCERT REVIEWING AS MUSIC CRITICISM: NEW HAYEN CONNECTICUT (1984-1986)

contributor:
Rapoport, Paul
Music Criticism

subject: Music Music

abstract:
This thesis discusses features of music reviewing which extend beyond the conventional idea of reviewing as merely assigning grades to musical performances. Despite the constraints of writing for daily newspapers, music reviewing may be understood as a speCIes of the academic music criticism which is typically practiced under the rubrics of musicology and music theory (though rarely assigned the name "criticism"). Special consideration is given to some major recent contributions in the field, notably Joseph Kerman's Contemplating Music. An accompanying collection of reviews, published between 1984 and 1986 in New Haven Connecticut, provides a focus for this discussion.

Chapter One explores the influential post-World War Two paradigm of intellectual positivism as it provides a context for understanding both academic criticism and journalistic reviewing. Musical analysis, considered as a highly restricted formalistic criticism, is discussed as an exemplary model of this paradigm.

Chapter Two describes many of the production requirements and constraints of writing newspaper reviews. Topics include deadlines, space restrictions, the formatting of musical terms and titles, editorial choices about which concerts should be reviewed, and the rationale behind various kinds of editing. Chapter Three raises ethnomusicological questions about the role of the critic within the music community, and discusses the critic's providing a special kind of historical documentation of the musical taste-habits of that community.

Chapter Four outlines some relevant philosophical problems which pertain to gaining critical access to contemporary music and to all musics, and suggests that reviews may nonetheless serve a pedagogical function by discussing performances from a large range of critical perspectives. Chapter Five turns to examine some of these perspectives by way of a number of topics or themes appearing throughout the collection of reviews: acoustics, virtuosity, historical anachronism, politics, biography, interpretive allegiance to the score, and the problematic relationships between words and music. The underlying purpose is to demonstrate how richly a supple journalistic concert reviewing may imitate and aspire to the aims of a sophisticated academic music criticism.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: 19th CENTURY MUSIC CRITICISM AND AESTHETICS: MUTUAL INFLUENCES

subject: Music Music

abstract:
During the 19th century, due to cultural, economical and social conditions, there were significant changes in the direction and the aesthetic status of music. While a program aesthetically justified became a necessary element for many composers, music became a necessary element in aesthetic theories. Over the decades the ideological support of music as art gained in importance, determining music to be considered the most important artistic manifestation. I argue that the communication between musicians and philosophers made possible mutual influences between their theoretical approaches to music.

In order to investigate the mutual influences between the musicians and philosophers of the 19th century, my first two chapters investigate the extant ideas in the areas of music criticism and aesthetics, Thus, I analyze the ideas of Eduard Hanslick, Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner as representative figures of the debate between the promoters of absolute and program music. The evolution of the status of music, from being ranked the lowest amongst the arts and considered simple entertainment, to the most important art, which offers relief from the suffering and pain caused by existence, is examined in the theories of Immanuel Kant, W. J. Schelling, G. W. F. Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche.

The third chapter uncovers the ideological influences between the theories and ideas of several musicians and philosophers. Thus, I show how Hanslick was influenced by Kant, Liszt by Hegel, Wagner by Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche by Wagner. Writings, reviews and letters provide relevant examples. My analysis shows that both philosophers and musicians gradually recognized the crucial role of music for human existence and that they strengthened their ideologies by relying on each other's developing thought on music, in the attempt to achieve the most relevant form of expression through music, as a highly significant human activity.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Textuality and Interpretive Logic: the Construction of Fabulae and Character in Quentin's Section of The Sound and the Fury

contributor:
Adamson, J.
English

abstract: Textual determinacy cannot be construed either as an inherent aspect of textuality, nor can it be discounted altogether as an invalid epistemological category. Instead, the construction of a text necessarily anticipates and exploits the pressure of a reader's interpretive, abductive logic. This allows the prefiguring in the text of readerly recognitions which become meaningful in terms of the intertextual and linguistic systems which structure that readerly logic . This logic drives the reader to comprehend (to see together) the text's signs by finding in the textual assemblage patterns of consistency and coherence which allow the segmentation of the text into clusters which operate as planes of "aboutness" or isotopies. The possibilities of organization or segmentation are delimited by the reader's "competence" which is a function of his or her access to culturally erected structures of communication, whether these are specifically "Literary" structures or more general models accessible through the reader's knowledge of generic or linguistic patterns of semiotic organization. There is, of course, a continuum of textual behaviour with regard to the rigidity of the text ' s anticipated manipulation of the reader, and its poles have been variously designated "open and closed" or "readerly and writerly" textuality. This paper's analysis of "Quentin's" section of William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury investigates its textual function with regard to these categories in the production of two istopies: those describing the fabulae and the focal character of the section. Like open or writerly texts, this section works to erode the reader's ability to interpret through the most specific and semantically pre-structured forms of literary competence. But unlike open and writerly texts, the section under consideration does not then work to tolerate a plurality of interpretive possibilities. Instead, it exploits this relatively clear space to elicit a highly unique, but highly determinate and reproducible set of interpretants. Quentin's section closely regulates the readerly production of interpretants in at least two instances through the arrangement of information such that the reader , governed in both the construction of individual isotopies and the textual meaning configuration by the principles of contradiction and non-confirmation , finds only one arrangement (albeit of varying semantic density) which can be constructed from the textual information and which will successfully, productively , engage the other meaning levels of the text.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Etude Comparative Sémiotique et Idéologique de l'homme Rapaillé de Gaston Miron et de Cahier d'un Retour au Pays Natal d'Aimé Césaire

contributor:
Warner, G.
Bayard, Caroline

abstract: L'objet de cette étude est l'analyse du Cahier d'un retour au pays natal d'Aimé Césaire et de l'Homme rapaillé de Gaston Miron selon une méthode d'analyse qui vise à l'objectivité, l'analyse isotopique. Cette analyse devrait nous permettre de dégager le développement de la pensée des deux auteurs et de préciser, s'il y a lieu, l'action sociale qu'ils préconisent, ce qui nous ménerait à l'étude du langage idéologique qu'ils utilisent. Ainsi, nous pourrions comparer le thème de leur idéologie et relever ce qui les rattache et ce qui les différencie.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: L'Ummah islamique: miroir à trois faces chez Nadia Ghalem et Mustapha Tlili

contributor:
Crosta, Suzanne
French

abstract: Le but de notre travail est de tenter de porter un éclairage sur les différentes acceptions du mot «ummah». Ainsi, il sera question de voir quel impact ont le néocolonialisme et l'immigration sur l'affirmation des valeurs communes de l'ummah, telles que la solidarité et la fraternité. Ce travail s'est nourri de la recherche sur le terrain et de la création littéraire à travers deux oeuvres: La Montagne du lion de Mustapha Tlili et La Rose des sables de Nadia Ghalem. Ce mélange entre la fiction et la réalité a pour but de susciter un débat autour du concept de l'ummah. Dans un monde où l'éclatement des frontières s'accompagne avec la perte de la pratique religieuse, quelle est la pertinence de l'ummah aujourd'hui? Dans une société où l'image circule vite, où le sensationnel prend le dessus sur l'investigation, le rôle de l'informateur apparaît très grand et conduit à des interrogations en sachant que la tendance à la simplification des faits sociaux est plus que jamais une triste réalité. À la lumière de ces questions, nous tenterons de dégager quelques pistes de recherche et de suggérer une nouvelle façon d'appréhender l'Islam.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: CSIS in the Post-Cold War Era: Domestic and International Constraints on Organizational Change

contributor:
Nossa!, K.R.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: Since the end of the Cold War, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) has undergone a period of transformative change.1 The experiences of CSIS during this time represent an opportunity for the theoretical examination of the process of organizational change as well as a consideration of the influence of epistemic community theory. With respect to organizational change, it will be shown that CSIS has experienced a profound change in its external environment. Evironmental change has in turn generated subsequent efforts to adapt organizational culture and organizational goals at CSIS. The most critical aspects of the new external changes are the new threats and priorities arising from a new international security environment and the contraction of public fiscal resources throughout the Canadian federal government The resulting reorientation of CSIS is consistent with the model of organizational change presented by Paul Thomas. The post Cold War experience of CSIS is also illustrative of epistemic community theory. The influence of American and British intelligence agencies can be observed in the similarity between CSIS policy and American and British intelligence policy. This similarity is consistent with epistemic community theory, which explains international policy coordination as the produce of transnational expert groups with a common policy agenda and a shared scientific method. The presence of an intelligence epistemic community means that (the post-Cold War adaptation of CSIS is being constrained by domestic and international factors.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Writing Toward the Word: Deconstruction and Negative Theology in Samuel Beckett's The Unnamable

contributor:
Clark, David
English

abstract: This study examines Samuel Beckett's The Unnamable with respect to deconstructive literary theory and negative theology, exploring a possible homology between these two discursive stategies. My reading involves a three-part investigation into Beckett's text as an aporetic discourse which simultaneously promises "meaning" while rendering such "meaning" impossible. The study begins with a close examination of indexical forms of language which serve to dislocate the speaking subject. In order to situate the Unnamable, I undertake an examination of the narrator's "position" with respect to the Mahood/Worm, I/not-I opposition in which each figure acts as a supplement for the Unnamable. My second reading moves beyond the question of the subject to a question of language's play. This chapter is largely theoretical, examining the indexical language of time and space in The Unnamable with respect to Derridean terms such as différance, bricolage and the supplement. The third chapter involves an exploration of the theological possibilities and impossibilities effected by the "concept" of différance as a possible "name" for the Unnamable as well as the "God" of negative theology. This final reading studies The Unnamable as anti-theological in its resistance to a totalizing ground or presence, yet theo-logical in that it does not deny a belief or faith in an innocent and unnamable "God". My motivation is that writing is always a writing towards the Word which writing always already displaces and defers.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Chaos and Criticism: Toward an Aesthetic of the Open Musical Work

contributor:
Rapport, Paul
Music Criticism

subject:
Music Criticism
Music
Music

abstract:
Open works represent a significant deviation from traditional methods of musical composition and presentation. This thesis examines their evolution, explores their defining characteristics, presents methods by which they may be analyzed, and reflects upon their impact on musical aesthetics and criticism.

The open work's development in the twentieth-century is documented in Chapter One, with particular emphasis placed on extra-musical, artistic, and cultural events which influenced its emergence. Chapter Two is devoted to defining the open work in terms of form and content. In doing so, it is shown that there are two types of open work.

Chapter Three presents an analysis of two open works: Earle Brown's Available Forms I and John Cage's Variations III. Chapter Four positions the open work in terms of its philosophical perspective, demonstrating that while openness represents a re-alignment of the traditional musical process, it does not deprive the listener of critical or evaluative resources.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Intimate Reconciliations: Diasporic Genealogies of War and Genocide in Southeast Asia

contributor:
Goellnicht, Donald
Coleman, Daniel
Strauss, Helene
English and Cultural Studies

subject: Southeast Asian diasporic literature; reconciliation; human rights; Cambodian diaspora; Vietnamese diaspora; Malaysian diaspora; Asian North American literature; refugees

subject: Asian American Studies

subject: Human Rights Law

subject: South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies

subject: Asian American Studies

abstract: This dissertation investigates the traumatic legacies of colonialism, imperialism and authoritarianism in Southeast Asia, the diasporic conditions of Southeast Asian refugees in North America after 1975, and the relationship among literature, ethics, and reconciliation more broadly. Focusing primarily on contemporary novels that intervene in the cultural memory of the Cambodian genocide, the War in Viet Nam, and the World War II Japanese Occupation of Malaysia, my dissertation conceptualizes an intimate politics of reconciliation that routes the study of justice foremost through questions of affect, epistemology and ethics. An intimate politics of reconciliation, I argue, encapsulates a constellation of intimate memorial acts—ritual, testimony, collaboration, gifting, and narrative reconstruction—that operate within and against macro-political and juridical modalities of justice. My research highlights productive scenes of convergence between discourses of post-genocide reconciliation and alternative spiritual cosmologies, between refugee collaborative writing and theories of gifting, and between theories of forgetting and social and psychic reparation. In arguing that Southeast Asian diasporic genealogies paradoxically foreground the necessity of both remembering and forgetting in the collective work of reconciliation, this dissertation engages with and challenges two key theoretical paradigms in Asian American Studies—a politics of social justice premised upon a discourse of “subjectlessness” and a psychoanalytic paradigm of productive melancholia theory.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Sara Coleridge's Phantasmion: Imagination, Subversion and Female Subjectivity.

contributor:
Ferns, John
English

abstract: Sara Coleridge was a woman whose voice was not radical enough to forge an immediate place in literary history. She clung, not expecting to be recognized, to the words of her father, yet she is present in her fairy tale, Phantasmion (1837), silently persisting and invoking her own literary resurrection. In working to establish a modem context for Sara Coleridge's fairy tale, my thesis attempts to rescue fantasy from its exile in never-never land and to incorporate it into contemporary conversations about gender and identity. After discussing Romantic ideas of fantasy and subjectivity, I intend to examine the heritage of the feminine Romantic writer, tracing her paternal influences in an attempt to work towards situating and recovering a feminine Romanticism, that is at once tied to and yet distinct from that more prominently associated with the "big six," male Romantic poets. Challenging the criticism that seeks to prevent Sara Coleridge from attaining a distinct literary identity, I will approach her through the 'kaleidoscopic' lens of fantasy, through the mirror of her fairy tale, Phantasmion (1837). A conservative, female writer, Sara Coleridge employs the fairy tale to subversively explore alternative modes of gendered identity and experience. Featuring disembodied characters, the fairy tale genre enables Sara Coleridge to disengage herself from patriarchal restraints on the body. A metaphor for the female quest for identity, the fairy tale genre reveals, in its handling by Sara Coleridge, a less glamorous, but perhaps equally subversive member of feminine Romanticism.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Modem Electronic Music: Breaking Down the Producer/Consumer Dichotomy

contributor:
Kinder, K.
School of the Arts

subject:
Arts and Humanities
Arts and Humanities

abstract: This thesis investigates how modern technology, such as the internet and computer software, has deconstructed the traditional relationship between the music consumer and the music producer/maker. The internet, in particular, has facilitated the production and distribution of music to a potentially world-wide audience without using the traditional avenues offered by the recording industry. Advancements in computer software have also enabled the amateur composer to write and record music without the knowledge, experience and tools utilized by the professional composer or songwriter. The resulting style of music composed by using this software is electronic popular music and many parallels can be drawn to the history of modernist electronic music. To explore this, I have conducted interviews with people from different parts of the world who are currently active in composing and distributing music using the Internet. These amateur composers also use computer software to facilitate the production of their music without using traditional means. Drawing parallels between postmodernist theories and the success of their projects and personal experiences demonstrates the breaking down of the producer/consumer dichotomy.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Imagining the Empire: The Frontier and Masculinity in Fiction of Empire, 1885-1910

contributor:
Bishop, Alan
English

abstract: This thesis is a study of the imaginative construction of the imperial frontier as a space in which masculinity could be successfully performed. I examine a number of fictions of empire produced between 1885 and 1910 by three popular male authors: H. Rider Haggard, Rudyard Kipling, and John Buchan. These texts were produced in the context of a contemporary crisis in masculinity. In response to this perceived crisis, the frontier took on particular significance as a space in which to articulate 'proper' masculinity. I examine the development of this space, paying particular attention to the war reportage of Winston Churchill and the instructional writings of Lord Baden-Powell. Through their fictions, H. Rider Haggard enabled the extension of the Empire, Rudyard Kipling taught his readers how to rule the Empire, and John Buchan delineated the duties and responsibilities of the white, male imperial citizen. For each of these authors, the performance of 'proper' masculinity was inextricably linked to the extension or preservation of the Empire. At the same time, the success of the imperial project was dependent upon the performance of masculinity and the maintenance of strong homosocial bonds.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Imploding Musical Genre

contributor:
Renwick, William
Music Criticism

subject:
Other Music
Other Music

abstract: By the early 21st century, the term 'musical genre' has been repositioned in popular usage in comparison to its premodern/modern function. Instead of merely classifying pieces according to established formal structures in mainly western art and folk music, it has evolved through modernity and postmodernity into an enormous, complex and highly, problematic system, phenomenon or construction seeking not just to fulfill that function, but also seeking stylistically to classify the popular and art music of every culture and era. Using the Wikipedia online listing of musical genres as one manifestation of the public usage of the term, one sees entire repertories, traditions and their sub-categories such as jazz, motown, indie garage and mohabelo placed on non-hierarchical par with formal genres such as symphony, lament, ballad and strathespy. This paper combines theoretical. researched. and anecdotal information around musical genre's nature and behaviour from a postmodern perspective. It examines the reimagining of musical genre which has characterised the postmodern age, and proposes models for understanding it based on the work of Theodor Adorno, Marhsall McLuhan and lean Baudrillard using three very different genres of church music as illustrations. Finally, in addition to reporting on Genre Implosion, a weekly radio show which aired on CFMU 93.3FM throughout the duration of the project, it seeks to locate itself within the concepts of 20th century pragmatism underlying it, which make it less about positing 'truths' about musical genre than about encouraging its practical use and application in the flexible and multi-faceted forms inherent to postmoderniry.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Geochemistry of some Keweenawán Metabasites from Mamainse Point, Ontario

contributor:
Shaw, Denis M.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
The Mamainse Point Formation formed on the margin of the Late Proterozoic Keweenawan Rift. It consists of olivine- and feldspar-phyric flood basalts with felsites and conglomeratic sediments, and spans the palaeomagnetic reversal normally regarded as the boundary between Lower and Middle Keweenawan. The basalts are classified as olivine and quartz tholeiites, although the dykes show some alkalic tendencies in trace-element characteristics and are better termed transitional basalts.

Formation of the lava pile was accompanied by low-grade burial metamorphism in the zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite facies. Secondary minerals developed both within the rock and in veins and vesicles. A crude mineral zonation developed from epidote at the base to stilbite at the top of the exposed section. Heterogeneity, with the development of epidote-, chlorite- and albite-rich metadomains, is restricted to feldspar-phyric melaphyres in lower parts of the section. Calcite-laumontite veins are ubiquitous and even cross-cut the higher grade epidote-bearing rocks, suggesting that metamorphism took place in two stages, the second at a lower temperature. Geochemical evidence also suggests that fluid compositions changed. The initial hydration event established mineral zonation and resulted in addition of H₂O+ and alkalis (K, Rb, Li, Na, Ba) to the rocks. Cu was leached from some rocks and added to others. Latter fluids were more CO₂-rich depositing calcite and laumontite, with the resulting addition of CO₂ and mobilization of Ca and Sr.

Al, ΣFe, Mg, Ti, P, Y, Zr, Nb, Ni, Cr, Co, REE's, Th, Ta, Hf and U appear to be immobile or only moderately affected by the alteration. The stratigraphic variation of these elements allows the subdivision of the sequence into fiva series. The immobile trace-elements confirm the tholeiitic nature of the lavas and suggest an ocean floor to within-plate character. Incompatible element patterns suggest a similarity to E-type MORB.

Shallow-level fractionation of olivine-chromite-plagioclase can account for most of the geochemical variation in the five series, although in differing proportions. Clinopyroxene and Fe-Ti oxides crystallized after extrusion of the lavas. Variations in REE-patterns and incompatible element ratios cannot be explained by fractionation, however, and appear to have resulted during genesis of the primary magmas.

Modelling of REE patterns requires varying degrees of melting of a garnet-lherzolite mantle. However, two source compositions are indicated by initial REE concentrations, one with a relatively flat chondritic pattern and the other with a LREE-depleted pattern. Other incompatible element variations appear to be consistent with this, although Th and U abundances may point to further heterogeneities. The need for a different mantle source for virtually every series can be reconciled, however, by appealing to a dynamic partial melting model, in which variable batch and incremental melting take place within ascending mantle diapirs, each labelled with slightly different Th/U.

Petrographic and geochemical evidence suggest that some basalts have been contaminated by ?felsic crustal material, although this is restricted to series III flows and the dykes.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


contributor:
Coleman, Daniel
English

abstract: In producing texts which implicidy critique overlapping matrices of power, Shyam Selvadurai has made a vital contribution to the field of Canadian literature by writing Funny Boy (1994) and Cinnamon Gardens (1998). "Subversive Sexualities in the Fiction of Shyam Selvadurai" attends to the way these texts demand thoughtful and sensitive readings by evading oversimplified sexual, national, and ethnic categorizations. As its title indicates, this project recognizes the axis of sexuality as foremost among, though never isolated from, the multiple intersecting cultural constructions of identity in Selvadurai's novels. Though Selvadurai's texts were written and first published in Canada, a discussion of these texts as "Canadian" is complicated by the fact that Canada appears only briefly in Funny Boy and does not appear at all in Cinnamon Gardens. Nonetheless, this project contends that the various levels of meaning in Selvadurai's texts are best understood when they are considered in a diasporic frame. Thus, while the first chapter explores characters' local, familial situations without considering broader cultural context and the second chapter emphasizes Sri Lankan national cultural context, these studies contribute to an overall reading of Selvadurai's texts - crystallized in the third chapter - as Canadian diasporic articulations. While criticism of Selvadurai's texts has been published internationally, "Subversive Sexualities in the Fiction of Shyam Selvadurai" is unique in its recognition of the underlying importance of the texts' "Canadian-ness" as well as the tangible, dramatic impact that his texts have had in his country-of-origin as a result of this textual production.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Persistence of Values: Processes in Hymn Acquisition by Six Nations

contributor:
Kinder, Keith
Music Criticism

subject: Music Music

abstract: This thesis examines the processes by which hymn singing became an integral part of Six Nations social practice, and assesses under what conditions the terms transculturation, acculturation, and transformation apply. Through an examination of the first documented musical contact between the Iroquois and the Jesuits in the 17th century, Chapter 2 addresses the question of when, under what conditions and for what reasons the Iroquois adopted European religious musical practices. Through the musical experiences as documented in the official reports of a residential school, Chapter 3 discusses the changing attitude of Canadian officialdom towards Native people and the impact these changing attitudes may have had on the acquisition of hymns by Six Nations. It examines the way that Native people were perceived as indicative of the "Indian problem," why government and residential school officials chose the policy of assimilation, how music was implicit in the assimilation policy, what effects this policy had on the way in which Native people were exposed to Western music, and whether these effects were lasting and total. By looking more specifically at one hymn, "The Lord's My Shepherd" and how its story reveals both its history and the processes of adaptation, Chapter 4 presents the history, performance aesthetics, performance practices and social meanings in a contemporary performance of this hymn. Embedded in its musical fabric are a number of genealogical threads: Scottish words sung to an English melody, acquired by the Iroquois, translated into Mohawk and using a performance style bearing a non-Western aesthetic. This thesis is illustrative of how one comes to appreciate the music of other cultures, and what responsibility a listener has towards coming to an informed understanding of another culture's music: through becoming aware of its values, history and social practices.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Black Star Rising: Maune Tynes

contributor:
York, Lorraine
English

abstract: Maxine Tynes is a Black Nova Scotian writer who writes from a deeply personal place. Her heritage and her community play an integral part in her writing, for it is through the exploration of her community and her community's relationship to the world that her role as a poet/activist is defined. Her strong Black feminist sentiments establish her writing as part of an important Black women's intellectual tradition. Chapter One deals with the poetry's relationship with the Canadian community and the historical roots of Black Nova Scotia as the method of understanding the many "isms" discussed by Tynes. I have also included a discussion of the critical reviews of Tynes's work. Chapter Two concentrates on the creation of a Black and female centered paradigm as a method for empowerment. Also, Tynes's role as an activist is explored in detail, in particular her dedication to Black women's process of self-definition against the oppressive prevailing discourses, such as the negation of the ideology of the beautiful. The final chapter deals with the reaffirmation of Black women through community; that is, I look at how Tynes values her community's ability to be self-sufficient despite the obstacles they face as Black Nova Scotian women. I have undertaken this discussion by looking at the concept of classism as it pertains to domestic workers. In the tradition of Black feminism Tynes revalues the relationships between Black women. In particular, the poetry honors the bonds between women through the positive treatment of sisterhood and motherhood. I conclude by looking at the way in which Maxine Tynes ignores international boundaries by extending her discussion of struggle to the global political arena. Maxine Tynes is a proactive poet who works for positive change for those who are marginalised, both within and outside of her community.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Vision and Visibility: Power and the Observer in Jane

contributor:
Blewett, David L.
English

abstract: This thesis explores looking and being looked at in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, and Persuasion using psychoanalytical and Foucauldian approaches. In the first approach, a male spectator exerts power over a female object by gazing at her with desire. In the second, a gaze of surveillance exerts power over and disciplines the subjects in its sight. Pride and Prejudice features several desiring gazes, particularly in ballroom and portrait scenes, where men not only gaze at women, but women actively labour to draw the desiring gaze. Moreover, women in the novel also gaze at men with desire. The novel also explores the limitations of the desiring gaze, class-based gazes, and the glance, which is based upon mutually-encoded knowledge rather than desire. Looking in Mansfield Park operates like Foucault's panoptic gaze, in which perpetual visibility creates self-disciplining subjects. One such subject is Fanny Price, who learns to suppress her desires under the watchtower-like gaze of her uncle. The instability of Mansfield Park and of the panoptic gaze is exposed by the pervading theme of spectatorship, which empowers a passive observer such as Fanny and allows her to get her heart's desire. In Emma, Foucault's theory of subjectivity is applied to gossip, which functions in conjunction with a community gaze to control the behaviour of Highbury's citizens. Emma undermines the authority of this gaze, as well as the gazes of characters such as Emma, Mr. Knightley, and the Eltons, favouring instead a gaze that makes distinctions based upon passion rather than self-interest. In Persuasion, the gaze draws attention to the heroine's body and her hidden inner self. Anne Elliot recognizes the limits of the community gaze of Bath, and can therefore express her inner feelings while still within its gaze. In Persuasion, the gaze is not resisted, but indifferently tolerated.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "Come, then, domestic Muse": The Preservation of Local Culture and Economy in the Poetry of Anna Letitia Barbauld.

contributor:
O`Connor, Mary
English

abstract: For many years, we have heard from eighteenth-century male voices, often upper-class voices, but seldom, from female voices and very rarely middle-class and lower-class female voices. The pens of many of these women as illustrated by Anna Letitia Barbauld conserved information which is different from male voices we have already heard. Rather than concentrating on the political, grand scale, women like Barbauld have focused on the domestic or what theorist Michel de Certeau calls the "science of singularity." Through this focus on the elements of everyday life within her poetry, Anna Letitia Barbauld has preserved a local culture and economy which helps us in the twentieth century to understand the particularities of her life within the eighteenth century. Barbauld's world is seen through her eyes, filtering our understanding as she is influenced by the her time, gender, profession and class. This paper focuses on Barbauld's poems which depict home life and, after establishing its critical frame in the introduction, is divided into three chapters: the first, on the work in an eighteenth century middle-class home as depicted in her poem "Washing-Day"; the second, on the work involved in courtship and marriage as depicted in a number of marriage poems; and the third, on the work of child-bearing, child-rearing and education in a variety of other poems. The paper looks at the tensions and inconsistencies within her work; the discrepancies inform us of the pressures which influence the home and middle-class women of the eighteenth-century. Further the paper, examines Barbauld's participation in the shift described by Nancy Armstrong as [seeking] to disentangle the language of sexual relations from the language of politics, II a shift in thinking from general to specific, from status system to the value of the individual.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: From Girl Next Door to Sex Symbol: Representations of Women in the Popular Music Press

contributor:
Baade, Christina
Music Criticism

subject: Music Music

abstract: As popular music publications have the potential to shape the public's perception of stars, the continual belittlement of women's efforts, both musically and socially, will, in tum, affect how people position women within Western society. This thesis explores the problematic definitions of popular music and the complicated ways in which women are relegated to specific genres, such as top-40 pop, while systematically being written out of rock history, to ensure that authenticity and credibility remain male-coded. Through an examination of the publications of Rolling Stone, Blender and Spin, what emerges is a view that the industry remains male-dominated, not only in regards to the number of women writers within in these publications, but also in the style of writing used. Critics, in order to be successful, must utilize a masculinized approach in their journalistic style, which belittles women's efforts and judges them on their appearance, rather than musicianship. Women are relegated to hegemonic labels, such as "Women in Rock," in order to compare their music to other women, without regard to different genres and the different definitions of credibility inherent within those genres. In order to showcase the problematic discourse created within popular music publications, case studies are presented on Gwen Stefani, Beyonce Knowles and Britney Spears. Each of these women presents differing definitions of femininity, but Rolling Stone, Blender and Spin all undermine their efforts by representing them as sex symbols, or as male-dependant. In general, Gwen Stefani represents a woman in rock music, but the publications have difficulty affording her credibility because of her overt girliness. Beyonce Knowles is a black pop star, who distances herself from negative black stereotypes, while the press seems unclear on how to deal with her race. Britney Spears challenges female sexual repression, but is represented as a sex symbol.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: L'androynat du personnage principal de deux oeuvres littéraires du XIXe siècle: Séraphita d'Honoré de Balzac et Spirite de Théophile Gautier

contributor:
Moyal, Gabriel
French

abstract: Nous examinerons, dans ce travail, l'androgynat du personnage principal de deux oeuvres littéraires du XIXe siècle français: Séraphîta, d'Honoré de Balzac, et Spirite, de Théophile Gautier. Nous verrons que deux types d'androgynat profondément différents se manifestent dans chacun des deux textes. Séraphîta se veut avant tout parfaitement ambiguë; elle échappe à toute tentative d'être mise dans une catégorie fixe, et en tant que lecteurs, nous nous trouvons toujours à réinterpréter sa nature. L'androgynat de Spirite, qui est inspiré du mythe de Platon, nous présente plutôt une image définie (et donc rassurante) de l'être androgyne. En nous appuyant sur les théories de Roland Barthes et d'Umberto Eco sur l'ouverture d'une oeuvre, nous avancerons que le premier type d'androgynat contribue bien plus à l'ouverture d'une oeuvre que le second type en ce qu'il nous offre un espace d'interprétations plus vaste.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Performance Practice in Seventeenth-Century Recorder Tablatures

contributor:
Hall, Frederick
Music

subject: Music Music

abstract: This thesis explores the performance-practice indications for ornamentation in four recorder tutors from the late seventeenth century. Humphrey Salter's Genteel Companion, John Banister's Most Pleasant Companion, John Hudgebut's A Vade Mecum, and Robert Carr's Delightful Companion all date from a single period in Restoration England, spanning the years 1679-1686. These tutors form part of a large repertory of instructional manuals for amateur musicians, providing examples of popular didactic methods used at the time. They share the distinction of being the only English recorder tutors to use a tablature or "dot method" of notation. The tablatures are examined in a multimedia format, allowing the reader interactive access to the texts, facsimile scores, and accompanying audio examples from each of the four tutors. The reader is encouraged to extrapolate from the examples of ornamentation practices inscribed in the tablatures and apply them to similar repertoire of the period. Attention is given to placement, fingering, and stylistic realization of the ornaments as well as the broader performance-practice issues informing the music. In the document section of the thesis, chapter 2 outlines the social background of the tutors. Arguments are made for an increasingly wide-ranging audience for these tutors, with a strong interest in fashion and leisured activities that took hold toward the end of the century. Recent studies of literacy in the seventeenth-century inform the hypothesis that the tutors were accessible to a wider audience than has been suggested by earlier studies. The recorder tutors provide valuable insights into popular culture in the late seventeenth century, illustrating both current performance practices and the musical tastes of their public.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "1 Wept for Memory:" Christina Rossetti's Writings for Children

abstract: Christina Rossetti's writings for children exist as testimony to her literary genius. The common thread of her most noteworthy works for children--Maude, Sing-Song, Speaking Likenesses, and Goblin Market--is the child's journey. In Maude, Rossetti I writes a semi-autobiographical prose work that depicts one Victorian female's introspection and spiritual angst. The more successful nostalgic lyricism of Sing-Song celebrates childhood and a child's intimate relationship with the world. In Speaking Likenesses, Rossetti makes an attempt at parody, and experiments with the creation of a child's fantasy world. Finally, in Goblin Market, a work frequently adapted for children, Rossetti successfully combines a multiplicity of themes: temptation, redemption, sisterly love, and the value of experience. In the last three of these children's works, Rossetti displays an often-unrecognized talent for fantasy writing. The thesis attempts to analyze Rossetti's writing for children. In particular, the role of memory in relation to the author and her subject is seen as an essential component of adult wholeness. Rossetti frequently incorporates personal reminiscences in her children's poems and prose, utilizing the pathway of memory to console, to reflect, and to find joy. Her major children's works demonstrate a more objective perspective from an author that many believe is overly introspective and self-critical. This thesis attempts to show that while Rossetti's adult poetry often laments the futility of earthly existence, her children's writings reveal a hidden dimension of objectivity and joyfulness in her craft.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Crowd in The Voice: First World War Diaries of Vera Brittain and Virginia Woolf

abstract: In this thesis I examine the sections of Vera Brittain's diary and Virginia Woolfs diary that were written during the First World War. My study identifies the extent to which each diarist succeeds in expressing herself within a culture which is dominated by masculine values of patriarchy and militarism. An initial premise from which the study arises is that men and women may respond differently within a given context and that women's responses to war have often been suppressed or overlooked within a male-dominated context. To analyze the war-time diaries I have divided the research into three areas: the diarist's relationship to social structures, the diarist's interpretation and use of the dominant language, and the diarist's relationship to the diary as a vehicle for self-expression. Brittain's and Woolfs backgrounds and literary ambitions are factors which determine each woman's attempt to find her own voice. From the analyses I conclude that Vera Brittain is the less able to understand and write honestly about her war experience as she is drawn into the masculine perspective and becomes dependent upon it in her grief. Virginia Woolf attempts to define her individuality and her writing by removing herself from the war and masculine ideology. However, in so doing she writes self-consciously and constructs voices which mayor may not be authentic, because they define themselves in opposition to the prevailing values and literary traditions. Each diary reveals the tension between the diarist and the dominant culture, and exposes the existence of a feminine voice.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Confronting the Archetypes: Blake and the Jungian Process of Individuation.

contributor:
Donaldson, J.
English

abstract: The thesis establishes a schema or map of correspondences between Blake's prophetic books and Jung's process of individuation. The essential correspondences (spectre/shadow, emanation/anima-animus, self-annihilation/the Self) form the framework and the content that are fully identified by the end of the thesis. This map can be used in the studies of: the archetypes, Blake and Milton, and Biblical typology. It can also be used in conjunction with the study of the Western esoteric tradition (specifically, Neo-Platonism, Gnosticism and the the Qabalah). The thesis can primarily be consulted in the study of Blake and Jung, either together or separately, to "throw light" and its necessary conjunct of darkness onto the other, in order to understand the essential organizing principles "underlying" Jung's process of individuation and Blake's prophetic books. iii

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Thel, Blake, Heidegger, and the Question of Being: A Study in Fundamental Ontology

contributor:
Goellnicht, Donald
English

abstract: This thesis uses Heidegger' s Being and Time to read Blake's The Book of Thel as one character's search for the meaning of the Being which characterizes all things. The introduction shows that Thel realizes that the metaphysical characterization of Being as 'simply self-evident' in its substantiality in beings is questionable inasmuch as this view is not able to answer her questions about her own apparent 'ontological nebulousness,' her own being "like a watry bow." The possibility of this indeterminacy comes to Thel's attention as she stands in the face of a glimpse of the ever-present, certain, and immanent possibility of her death which can happen at any time. This possibility tells her that her ownmost potentiality in Being is to not-be. From this point, Thel begins to question the metaphysical representation of Being in beings in general. And, as chapter one shows, this questionability casts Thel's world into the mood of an anxious questioning,' which sets her on her way to an encounter with the Being she is asking about. Chapter two shows that in order to arrive at such an encounter, Thel' s 'anxious questioning' must cast off the metaphysical world-view into which Thel has grown. This proves no easy task. The Lilly, the Cloud, and, at first, the Clod of Clay work to prevent this casting off from taking place. These characters, who represent the metaphysical 'public' of which Thel is part in her everyday existence, attempt to keep Thel within the bounds of their 'public' use of language which·necessarily passes over Being. Thel is only able to escape this domination for long enough to repeat her question in a number of different contexts, and to partially disclose the death which she always is, before finally letting go of her anxiety. She therefore misunderstands her initial glimpse of her own ontological nebulousness, and discloses her Being as an object of fear--which is, as such, necessarily a metaphysical representation. The conclusion shows that The Book of Thel illuminates failings or oversights in Being and Time through its very narrativity. Blake's poem stands in the region of narrative thought while Heidegger's analysis falls victim to a overshadowing methodology.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Identity, Representation and Community in Lilith Fair

contributor:
Fast, Susan
Music Criticism

subject: Music Music

abstract: Lilith Fair: A Celebration of Women in Music was the first all female music festival to tour North America. Its founder, Canadian singer/songwriter Sarah McLachlan, hoped that Lilith Fair would demonstrate the "great and diverse music being made by women." What was immediately apparent in the inaugural 1997 tour, however, was the predominance of white singer/songwriters. As a consequence, the festival did not celebrate a diverse range of women musicians, but rather a particular "women's music" community informed by the patriarchal ideology of "Woman" and respectability. The white, middle class, heterosexual woman performer was the norm at Lilith Fair; in addition, the predominance of singer/songwriters guaranteed a particular construction of the body: contained and constrained. Furthermore, as Lilith Fair 1998 and 1999 attempted to diversify the festival's line-up, the notions of diversity and difference were enacted in specific and problematic ways, reproducing the racial duality white/black and enforcing this hierarchy by the way in which the festival utilized physical space. This thesis locates Lilith Fair in ideologies of gender, race, class, sexuality and community in order to investigate how the music and extra-musical activities of Lilith Fair constructed this particular "women's music" community. By considering the festival's relationship to the notion of respectability, the problems of representation this invokes are explored, especially with respect to the position of women musicians in popular music. The musical performances are then examined as a space in which the women musicians were able to both resist and invest in respectability. Finally, the representation of Lilith Fair in the print media is critically examined in terms of how this discourse evoked gendered hierarchies, marginalizing the significance of Lilith Fair.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Microgels and Injectable Hydrogels for the Delivery of Hydrophobic Drugs

contributor:
Hoare, Todd
Biomedical Engineering

subject:
Hydrogel
Cyclodextrin
Dexamethasone
Drug Delivery
Microgel
NIPAM
Biomaterials
Polymer Science
Biomaterials

abstract: The mechanical and chemical properties of hydrogels make them excellent vehicles to deliver drugs. However, current systems encounter difficulties with loading hydrophobic molecules into the aqueous gel network and the subsequent release of the drug from the gel matrix. Cyclodextrins (CDs) offer a potential solution to this drug delivery challenge. CDs have the unique property of possessing a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic interior pocket which is capable of hydrophobic drug binding. CD molecules complexed with hydrophobic drugs have been demonstrated to significantly increase the bioavailability of those drugs in free solution. Thus, if these nanodomains are introduced into microgels or hydrogels, we anticipate that significantly higher hydrophobic drug loadings may be achieved together with improved controlled release of these drugs based on the properties of the hydrogel or microgel phase. We have fabricated in situ gellable and degradable hydrogels and microgels based on combinations of CDs and either functionalized carbohydrates (dextran) or thermosensitive synthetic polymers (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM). To achieve this goal, we designed a series of microgels with grafted or immobilized CD groups and used multi-functional CD as a reactive crosslinker for making injectable bulk hydrogels.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The Effect of Goblet Cell Metaplasia On Airway Barrier Integrity

contributor: Medical Sciences (Division of Physiology/Pharmacology)

subject: epithelial barrier

subject: IL-13

subject: asthma

subject: Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity

subject: Circulatory and Respiratory Physiology

abstract:
Introduction

The airway epithelium, which acts as a protective barrier, is impaired in asthmatic patients and may contribute to abnormal airway function. Chronic inflammation, a feature of asthma, is associated with structural changes in the airway epithelium including the transformation of columnar epithelial cells into mucin secreting goblet cells. Human epithelial cells exposed to Interleukin-13 (IL-13) in vitro resulted in goblet cell metaplasia and a significant drop in transepithelial resistance, indicating that barrier function is impaired.

Aim

We sought to determine whether goblet cell metaplasia alone is sufficient to impair airway epithelial barrier function in vivo.

Methods

Female BALB/c mice were infected with an adenovirus to overexpress IL-13, a control adenovirus, or no virus. Barrier integrity was assessed via single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging by measuring the dispersion of technetium-labeled diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) out of the lungs over time. Lung sections were stained by Periodic acid-Schiff to detect the presence of mucin-containing goblet cells.

Results

IL-13 exposure resulted in goblet cell metaplasia and associated airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. However, there was no significant increase in dispersion of 99mTc-DTPA over time from the airways in IL-13 overexpressed mice compared to control mice.

Conclusion

IL-13 induced goblet cell metaplasia did not impair the airway epithelial barrier to 99mTc-DTPA in our in vivo mouse model. Therefore, we conclude that epithelial dysfunction to DTPA observed in human asthmatics and in animal models of asthma are not due to IL-13 induced goblet cell metaplasia.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Carbon Injection into Electric Arc Furnace Slags

contributor:
Coley, Kenneth S.
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
slag foaming EAF
Dynamics and Dynamical Systems
Dynamics and Dynamical Systems

abstract: Recent experiment in our laboratory demonstrates that an increase in slag foamingwith carbon injection rate is limited by slag volume. The current work has identified arelationship between foam height, carbon injection rate and slag volumes, whichpredicts the critical injection rate above which foaming become inefficient. Theprediction of critical injection rate employs an extension of understanding mechanismof bubble movement in the foam by estimating average/steady-state bubble size andwall thickness. The carbon gasification model developed in our laboratory by King etal., which has been extended to include greater consideration of gas bubble burstingwhen to predict bubble size, and further improvement for calculating how fast bubblecan burst instantaneously in carbon-gas-slag halo system, has found that has importantinfluence on the predicting foaming parameters in King’s model, which is crucial taskfor continuous development in future.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The Requirement of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 in Transforming Growth Factor Beta Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Lens Epithelial Cells

contributor:
West-Mays, Judith
Igdoura, Suleiman
Margetts, Peter
Medical Sciences

subject:
lens
anterior subcapsular cataract
matrix metalloproteinases
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors
transforming growth factor beta
epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Medical Molecular Biology
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medical Molecular Biology

abstract: Fibrotic cataracts such as anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) are induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). The mechanism which governs TGFβ-mediated ASC has not been elucidated. What is known is that TGFβ initiates the conversion of lens epithelial cells (LECs) to myofibroblast-like cells, through a process known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). TGFβ-induced EMT leading to ASC has been associated with the upregulation of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP2 and MMP9. However, roles for either of these MMPs have yet to be established in ASC. To determine the involvement of MMP2 and MMP9 I used synthetic inhibitors in conjunction with an established ex vivo rat lens model initiated by TGFβ. The results demonstrated that co-culturing rat lenses with TGFβ and the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI), GM6001 or an MMPI specific for MMP2/9 suppressed ASC. Additionally, studies conducted on the conditioned media from these treatments revealed that TGFβ induces the cleavage of E-cadherin ectodomain which is suppressed by coculturing with either MMPI. To further delineate a role for MMP9 in vivo, ASC formation was examined in two models of lens specific TGFβ overexpression in the absence of functional MMP9. Adenoviral delivery of TGFβ to the anterior chamber of the eye in the absence of functional MMP9 resulted in complete suppression of ASC. Similarly, lens specific TGFβ overexpression in the absence of MMP9 suppressed ASC in 75% of mouse lenses. Additional studies determined that connective tissue growth factor is able to mediate ASC, albeit to a lesser degree than TGFβ.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THE UNMET SUPPORTIVE CARE NEEDS OF PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED ADVANCED COLON CANCER

contributor: Ann Mohide, Nancy Carter, Carolyn Ingram

subject:
Needs Assessment
Supportive Care Needs
Advanced Colon Cancer
Newly Diagnosed
Health Service Use
Juravinski Cancer Centre-Canada
Nursing
Nursing

abstract:
Purpose

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among Canadians. Little is known about the types of supportive care needs (SCNs) that patients with colon cancer experience during the diagnostic phase or whether these needs are met. To inform the development of population specific healthcare services, a needs assessment of patients with newly diagnosed advanced colon cancer was conducted to identify the types, prevalence, severity, and importance of unmet SCNs, as well as to identify any gaps between patient priority needs and their use of supportive care services.

Patients and Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted. Over one year, all newly diagnosed patients with colon cancer at the Juravinski Cancer Centre were screened for eligibility. Sixty-two of 80 eligible patients completed a self-report written questionnaire prior to starting treatment (response rate = 77.5%). The questionnaire included the Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal and Health Service Utilization Questionnaire.

Results

‘Fears about the cancer spreading’ was the most prevalent unmet SCN (n = 52/62 or 84%). Unmet SCNs experienced by 65% or more of participants related to lack of control about treatment outcomes, the uncertain future, and concerns about family member well-being. Patients also rated these needs as being most severe.

The two most severe CRC-specific concerns were related to ‘body appearance’ (Mean = 1.77, SD = 1.37) and ‘bowel control’ (Mean = 2.28, SD = 1.37). The most important or priority unmet needs were related to uncertainty about the future (43.5%), fatigue (24.2%), and information (22.6%). Less than 12% of participants had used existing supportive care services in the community.

Conclusion

Prevalent and priority unmet needs were related to psychosocial support and information. Recommendations for designing colon cancer-specific services are provided along with strategies to improve patient use of existing resources.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Procoagulant effects of lung cancer chemotherapy on HUVEC, A549 cells, and monocytes.

contributor: Medical Sciences (Thrombosis & Haemostasis & Atherosclerosis)

subject:
Lung Cancer
Thrombosis
Chemotherapy
A549 cells
Coagulation
Endothelial Cells
Monocytes.
Circulatory and Respiratory Physiology
Circulatory and Respiratory Physiology

abstract: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy have an elevated risk for thrombosis. Although thrombosis is a common complication in cancer patients, the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced thrombosis remain unclear. We investigated the procoagulant effects of lung cancer chemotherapy agents (carboplatin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and gemcitabine) on endothelial cells, A549 cells, and monocytes. We also investigated the in vivo procoagulant effects of the aforementioned chemotherapeutic agents as well as the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab. Tissue factor (TF) activity, TF antigen and phosphatidylserine (PS) levels were measured on chemotherapy-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), A549 cells, and monocytes. Treatment of HUVECs, A549 cells, and monocytes with lung cancer single agent and combination chemotherapy resulted in significant increases in TF activity. However, only cisplatin- and gemcitabine- treated monocytes were found to have increased TF antigen levels. PS exposure was increased only on HUVEC and monocytes treated with cisplatin/gemcitabine combination therapy. Interestingly, addition of paclitaxel to carboplatin resulted in reduced levels of PS exposure on monocytes. This study is the first to explore the procoagulant effects of lung cancer chemotherapy agents on monocyte and A549 cell TF activity levels, as well as to investigate the mechanisms by which lung cancer agents may promote TF decryption on these cell lines. Our in vivo results demonstrated that treatment of healthy mice with bevacizumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin moderately increased plasma TAT levels in healthy mice. These studies reveal potential mechanisms by which lung cancer chemotherapy may increase the risk of thrombosis. These studies reveal potential mechanisms by which lung cancer chemotherapy agents induce a hypercoagulable state.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: VASCULAR ACCESS SITE BRUISING

contributor:
Arthur, Heather M.
Bryant-Lukosius, Denise
Strachan, Patricia
Nursing

subject:
inter-rater reliability
bruise measurement
qualitative description
mixed methods
vascular access site
intraclass correlation coefficient
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences

abstract:
Introduction

The most common complication following invasive cardiac procedures is the development of vascular access site (VAS) bruising. The extent and impact of VAS bruising is poorly understood and minimally reported in the literature. Research into this common post-procedure complication is hindered by the lack of a reliable bruise measurement tool, and the concept that VAS bruising is a minor complication. This mixed methods study examined the inter-rater reliability of two methods to measure VAS bruise size. The embedded qualitative descriptive study explored patient perceptions of VAS bruising.

Methods

Participants having femoral or radial artery puncture for invasive cardiac procedures were included in this study. Participants reporting VAS bruising completed self measurement of bruise size using two methods, linear measurement and planimetry. The principal investigator and research assistant completed bruise measurements at the same time, and were blinded to participant and each others’ measurements. Following bruise measurement, the principal investigator conducted semi-structured interviews on a convenience sample of participants; including both sexes, a range of ages, and bruise sizes.

Results

Measurements were completed on 40 participants with VAS bruises. Analysis of inter-rater reliability was done using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), two-way random effects model. The inter-rater reliability for both linear measurement and planimetry between all three measurers was high (.929; .914 respectively). Analysis of participant narratives uncovered three major themes concerns, impact and mediating factors, with several sub-themes.

The findings of this study support the reliability of patient VAS bruise measurement using linear measurement and planimetry. The goals and available resources for VAS research may determine the choice of measurement approach. Qualitative descriptive results indicate that patients have concerns related to VAS bruising and that this bruising may impact activities of daily living. Future research examining VAS complications should include evaluation of VAS bruising as significant patient outcome.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Development of Nasal Field Detection in Young Infants

contributor:
Maurer, Daphne
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
This thesis investigated the monocular direction of temporal and nasal stimuli in infants who were newborn, 1 month old and 2 months old. They were shown three stimuli: a blank field, a single line 3°1δ' wide located in the temporal visual field and the same line located in the nasal visual field. Their eye movements were recorded with corneal photography. To assess peripheral detection, I compared the probability that an infant moved his eyes from the centre of the visual field toward a line with the probability that he moved his eyes first in the same direction when the field was blank.

When the lines were located at 10° in the periphery, newborns detected both the temporal line and the nasal line with their left eye (Experiment 1, n = 32). These results showed that newborns can demonstrate both temporal and nasal detection monocularly. When the lines were located further in the periphery, newborns detected the temporal line at 30°. but they showed no evidence of detecting the nasal line at 20°. This was true both when I tested the left eye (Experiment 2, n = 33) and when I tested the right eye (Experiment 3, n = 30).

The results show clearly that in newborns detection in the temporal visual field is better than detection in the nasal visual field. In cats the direct projection from retina through superior colliculus can mediate good detection in the temporal visual field but the Y-pathway through the cortex is necessary for good detection in the nasal visual field. Thus, in the human newborn, the Y-pathway through the cortex might be too immature to mediate good detection in the nasal visual field.

There appear to be major electrophysiological changes in the huaman's geniculo-cortical pathway at about 2 months of age. Moreover, only at that age do human infants begin to show smooth pursuit and symmetrical optokinetic nystagmus, behaviours which in cats depend on the Y-pathway through the cortex. Those data suggest that in human infants, the Y-pathway through the cortex might begin to influence visual behaviour at about 2 months of age. Thus, if poor nasal field detection in human newborns were to reflect an immature Y-pathway through the cortex, infants should show an improvement in nasal field detection at 2 months of age, but not before. Experiments 4 and 5 confirmed that prediction. One-month-olds, like newborns, detected the temporal line at 30° but appeared not to detect the nasal line at 20°(Experiment 4, n = 30). In contrast, 2-month-olds detected both the temporal and the nasal lines (Experiments 5, n = 32).

The data reported in this thesis suggest that, in human infants, good nasal field detection depends at least on the Y-pathway through the cortex. That pathway appears to be too immature to mediate good nasal field detection prior to 2 months of age.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Justice in a Warming World: Global and Intergenerational Justice and Climate Change

contributor:
Gedge, Elisabeth
Philosophy

subject:
Ethics
Justice
Climate Change
Global Inequality
Future Generations
Ethics and Political Philosophy
Ethics and Political Philosophy

abstract:
Recent discussions on global climate change have brought to our attention the largely disruptive influence of human activity on the planet and its inhabitants. Moral philosophers have added to the discourse their concerns about the unprecedented environmental problem of global climate change which threatens, and increasingly so, human welfare and the stability of the planet. The circumstances should be of concern to all, including philosophers who beyond their own endeavours will be affected by climate change. There are good reasons to think that the circumstances surrounding global climate change are morally repugnant and that serious action is required to avert global catastrophe and widespread suffering.

Our discussion will draw attention to the ethical dimensions of climate change given present knowledge about the state of the global environment and human welfare across the planet, now and into foreseeable future. My aims in this paper are twofold. First, I will provide a survey of various arguments that fit under the umbrella of climate change ethics as a way to gauge their suitability to address the wider issues that should be of concern to us. Second, by seeking to refute these arguments on a number of theoretical grounds, I will make the case that the climate change problem is best understood through a welfarist lens. Climate change is fundamentally a problem of distributive justice for present and future generations and, as such, it is of great urgency to protect human welfare over the long run.

The main argument begins in the first chapter with an overview of climate change against the backdrop of existing realities. We will take a look at the economics and science of climate change to gain a better understanding of issue, namely its origins and implications for the planet across space and time. In subsequent chapters, we defer to a variety of principles of global and intergenerational justice which are thought to offer moral guidance for the successful resolution of the climate change problem. Having concluded in the third chapter that we must focus on considerations of distributive justice, indeed those that are ultimately but not only utilitarian, the final chapter explores the appropriateness of various mechanisms and systems which would constitute a fair global climate regime.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)