title: The effect of uncoupling protein 2 on proinsulin processing

contributor: Gottschall-Pass, Kathy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Harper, Mary-Ellen (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 242 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Physiology

abstract: Diets high in fat have an effect on both of the cardinal features of type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which high fat diet is detrimental to beta cell function are only partially elucidated. Impaired glucose stimulated insulin secretion and hyperproinsulinaemia are well documented in this disease. In addition, these two characteristics are ATP dependent. Therefore there might be some defect in ATP availability in beta cells in type 2 diabetes. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a negative regulator of ATP production and its expression is elevated in diabetic models and by dietary fat. Therefore it is plausible that the defective insulin secretion and proinsulin processing found in diabetic patients might result from increased expression of beta cell UCP2. The overall hypothesis of this thesis is that chronic high fatty acid exposure would induce UCP2, subsequently reducing ATP, to impair glucose stimulated insulin secretion and proinsulin conversion to mature insulin. To test this hypothesis, three studies were carried out using paradigms predicted to increase UCP2 expression. In the first study, UCP2 cDNA was directly transfected into INS-1 cells. In the second study, INS-1 cells were cultured in the presence of fatty acid. The last study was an in vivo study in which wildtype and UCP2 knockout mice were fed with either standard rodent chow or high fat diet for five weeks.

abstract: The present study showed that UCP2 reduced ATP content without altering ATP synthase, thereby impairing GSIS. UCP2 increased insulin gene transcription but reduced proinsulin processing in the UCP2 overexpression model. Free fatty acid exposure of beta cells also caused impaired insulin processing, but this could not be directly attributed to UCP2 gene expression or correlated with reductions in ATP production. Lastly, high fat diet in wildtype mice was sufficient to impair GSIS and proinsulin processing but did not significantly increase UCP2 expression, or reduce intracellular ATP. From the UCP2 overexpression studies we conclude that induction of UCP2 can influence proinsulin processing, presumably by reducing intracellular ATP concentrations. Whether fatty acids influence proinsulin processing via their effects on UCP2 expression or activity was inconclusive. The five week dietary regime was sufficient to induce changes in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and proinsulin processing but was insufficient to affect UCP2. This suggests that early changes in insulin secretion are not attributable to UCP2 expression, although effects on activity cannot be ruled out.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-01, Section: B, page: 0134.


title: The effect of volume variations on the osteogenic capabilities of autogenous cancellous bone graft in the dog

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor: Ireland, W.P. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hogan, P.M. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hill, B.L. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 85 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: The radiographic healing patterns of partial cortical ulnar defects receiving different volumes of fresh autogenous cancellous bone graft (ACBG) were compared. Histological sections taken at 8 weeks after ACBG transplantation were planimetrically evaluated for area of total bone, lamellar bone, and woven bone.

abstract: Nongrafted defects and defects receiving 0.1g of ACBG displayed similar healing trends to each other. Bone production showed maximum increment between 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Defects receiving 0.3g and 0.75g of ACBG displayed similar healing trends, with rapid initial bone production and slower bony ingrowth occurring 3-4 weeks postoperatively. There was significant difference between the trend of healing for defects receiving 0.1g of ACBG and those receiving 0.3g and 0.75g of ACBG.

abstract: Histomorphometric data analysis showed there was no significant difference between area fractions of total bone, lamellar bone, or woven bone between grafted defects and nongrafted defects 8 weeks after ACBG transplantation. There was also no significant difference in area fraction values of total bone, lamellar bone, or woven bone between defects treated with 0.1g of ACBG and defects treated with 0.75g of ACBG, 8 weeks postoperatively. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 31-02, page: 0722.


contributor:
Holman, Chrystyna Z. (author)
Pike, Graham (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 119 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Art
Education, Early Childhood

abstract: This research study explores the statement: “The effectiveness of art activities in developing school readiness skills.” The significance of school readiness is well documented, and is supported by a correlation between school readiness and success in formal school. The importance of art activities is also well documented. This study blends the two issues and explores how art activities can be most effectively used to develop school readiness skills. By interviewing three educators and two artists the researcher comes to the following conclusions: (1) That art activities can effectively help develop school readiness skills if the activities are open-ended and process-focussed. This was the dominant theme. (2) That adults should provide positive feedback, talk to children about their art, and ask appropriate questions as this affects children's readiness development in a positive way. (3) That children should be offered a variety of materials and tools appropriate to their developmental stage. (4) That social and cognitive readiness skills develop more quickly if they are done in small groups.

abstract: Three further points are made. First, that the teacher's role should be that of facilitator and provider. Second, that art activities should be inclusive and involve all children with limited experiences or special needs in successful endeavours. Third, that art activities with some directions are appropriate for children who are developmentally ready and interested, as following instructions is an expectation in formal school.

abstract: The artists make two significant contributions. One is that teachers of young children needed to be “special” people who can stand back and let children create. The other is that children must have “freedom” to create from their experiences and their imaginations, and must not be restricted in any way.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0372.

abstract: Adviser:  Graham Pike.


title: The effects and control of coagulase negative staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cattle in Prince Edward Island

contributor: Curtis, Bob (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Donald, Alan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hariharan, Harry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ogilvie, Tim (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 68 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Agriculture, Plant Pathology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: This project, an investigation of coagulase negative staphylococcal (CNS) mastitis in Prince Edward Island involved two studies.

abstract: In the first study, a cohort of 84 cows at 7 farms were quarter sampled eight times during the year. The quarter prevalence of CNS mastitis in the last four months of lactation. Infection with CNS did not alter the risk of subsequent infection with S. aureus. CNS mastitis significantly increased SCC. No significant effect on milk production was detected.

abstract: There was no significant difference between treatment with Orbenin Dry Cow or Novodry Plus Dry Cow with respect to new infection rate or elimination rate over the dry period.

abstract: The second study used 57 farms involving 1688 cows. The prevalence of CNS infections was highest in the first and second lactation and lower but constant in lactations greater than two. No significant differences were found between the herd prevalence of CNS infection in herds using dry cow treatment and not using dry cow treatment or between herds using teat dip and not using teat dip. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-03, page: 0661.


title: The effects of a combined dietary and exercise intervention versus dietary intervention alone in chronically overweight and obese dogs enrolled in a weight loss program

contributor: Miller, James (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Chan, Cathy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Cullen, Cheryl (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Horney, Barbara (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 118 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder encountered in small animal medicine, affecting 25–40% of pet dogs and cats. Obesity has been linked to the development of a number of chronic health conditions in both humans and companion animals, potentially compromising the quality of life of affected individuals. Although previous studies in people strongly support obesity as a risk factor for all-cause mortality, it is only recently that a similar relationship has been found between poor physical fitness and mortality. Prospective studies have demonstrated the health benefits of improving physical fitness in both obese and non-obese people. The potential health benefits of routine exercise in companion animals, and its role in the treatment of canine obesity, have not yet been objectively evaluated.

abstract: This study evaluated the effects of a combined exercise and diet intervention versus a diet intervention alone in 16 dogs enrolled in a 4-month weight loss program. The subjects were overweight or obese adults of medium to large breed. The dietary intervention consisted of a 30% restriction of the animals' previous caloric intake. The dogs in the combined dietary and exercise intervention group underwent the same dietary restriction and were walked for 45 minutes, three times a week. The subjects lost a mean of 9.3% of their initial body weight. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between the treatment groups were found with regard to changes in body weight, body condition score, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol concentrations. Although this study did not find a benefit to exercise as an adjunct to dietary restriction in a weight loss program, further studies are required to determine whether a higher intensity exercise program may be beneficial.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0499.

abstract: Adviser:  Sherri Ihle.


title: The effects of diet formulations containing proteins from different sources on the intestinal colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens

contributor: Ikede, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lewis, P. Jeffrey (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 207 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Microbiology

subject: Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition

abstract: The main objective of this research was to compare the effects of three diet formulations comprising of different protein sources (animal origin, plant origin and a combination of both animal and plant) in the colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in the GI tract of broiler chickens. A freshly isolated strain of C. jejuni (biotype IV serotypes HS O: 21, O: 29 HL untypeable) from a broiler chicken was used for infecting 3 day old chicks which were free of C. jejuni by a single oral administration of 0.5 mL of an inoculum containing 108 colony forming units. The shedding pattern of the organisms was also studied. Quantitative culture technique was used to enumerate C. jejuni in ceca, jejuni and crops of the birds. The isolates recovered from the birds were characterized and confirmed as C. jejuni using standard methods. The isolates were biotyped and serotyped at a National reference laboratory. The antimicrobial sensitivity profile of the isolates were determined with 12 commonly used antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 8 antibiotics were determined using E-test. Flagellin gene typing, a molecular based method was also used for characterization. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 41-02, page: 0493.

abstract: Advisers: H Hariharan; T. Vanlunen.


title: The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) treatments on the oxidative stress mechanism in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease models

contributor: Ryan, Cathy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kulka, Marianna (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Doucette, Tracy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Dawson, Sue (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 179 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Neuroscience

abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) and characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the striatum. Oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Omega (n)-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as antioxidant, may have the potential effect to prevent PD via modulating the oxidative stress.

abstract: To explore the oxidative stress mechanisms and the changes of fatty acids in PD and the modulatory function of EPA, three 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced PD models, cellular model, mouse brain slice model and chronic model were created. The general hypothesis of this thesis was that MPTP may increase oxidant production and destroy the balance between the oxidative and anti-oxidative systems, which may contribute to the reduction of mitochondrial activity in the cellular model of PD and contribute to the changes in the brain fatty acid profile in the animal models.

abstract: Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity was tested by MTT assay. Oxidants were measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluo-rescindiacetate (DCF-DA) and 4,5-Diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-DA). Quantitative PCR was applied to measure antioxidants and pro-oxidant enzyme gene expressions. Protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH-oxidase) was measured by Western blot. Antioxidant glutathione (GSH) level was measured by a GSH assay kit. Fatty acid contents in the mouse brain were investigated by gas chromatography (GC).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-06, page: 3539.


title: The effects of exposure method, host species and salinity on the development of microsporidial gill disease of salmonids caused by Loma salmonae (Microspora)

contributor: Jones, S. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Johnson, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kibenge, Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Brimacombe, M. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 234 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Veterinary Science
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Loma salmonae is a parasite of farmed and wild Pacific salmonids that causes microsporidial gill disease of salmonids (MGDS) and results in significant economic losses for aquaculture. No chemotherapeutants are approved for the control of MGDS. Per os exposure of freshwater reared rainbow trout (RBT) to high doses of spores is a valuable experimental model for the study of MGDS. However, the majority of problems with MGDS in aquaculture occur in seawater reared chinook salmon, believed to be exposed by ingesting low doses of spores shed over time by diseased cohorts (via cohabitation). The objectives of this research were to compare the effects of exposure via per os and cohabitation methods on the transmission of L. salmonae and the development of MGDS in RBT. The timing of growth rate suppression, caused by MGDS, was also examined, using RBT. A second objective was to examine the effects of host species (chinook salmon, coho salmon and RBT) and salinity (23 ppt - seawater and 0 ppt - freshwater) on the development of MGDS. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-03, page: 0658.

abstract: Adviser:  David Speare.


title: The effects of furosemide administration on glucose homeostasis in healthy dogs and dogs with alloxan-induced insulinopenic diabetes mellitus

contributor: Cribb, Alastair (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hill, Brian (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lane, India (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 81 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Health Sciences, Pharmacology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Recent advances have improved glycemic control in animals with diabetes mellitus. Understanding the potential side effects a medication is important in devising an efficacious and safe therapeutic plan, especially for those patients with multiple disorders. No studies have evaluated glucose tolerance during furosemide administration in dogs. This study was designed to monitor glucose homeostasis in healthy and diabetic dogs receiving furosemide.

abstract: In the first part of the study (Phase I), the glycemic and selected biochemical effects of clinically relevant doses of furosemide in healthy beagle dogs was evaluated. Acute trials evaluated intravenous furosemide administration at 0 mg/kg (saline), 2 mg/kg, and 6 mg/kg every 8 hours for a 24-hour period. Dose levels were organized in a randomized crossover fashion so that each dog received each dose one time. Chronic trials evaluated oral furosemide administration at 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg every 12 hours for 28 days. Dose levels were again organized in a randomized crossover fashion.

abstract: In the second part of the study (Phase II), alloxan was administered to the same group of beagles to induce insulinopenic diabetes mellitus. Following stabilization with exogenous insulin therapy, the trials were repeated as in Phase I with dose levels again organized in a randomized, crossover fashion. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 38-03, page: 0657.

abstract: Adviser:  Sherri L. Ihle.


title: The effects of landscape structure and body size on the species richness and occurrence of breeding birds on Prince Edward Island

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Houlahan, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hurta, Rob (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 138 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Ecology

abstract: The primary goal of this thesis was to examine the effects of landscape structure, body size, latitude and longitude on the species richness and occurrence of avian species breeding on Prince Edward Island. Variation of species richness and occurrence within functional groups (landbird, seabird, shorebird, waterfowl) and species occurrence within trophic groups (carnivore, omnivore, herbivore, insectivore) is examined. Spatial data on species counts were obtained from Erskine (1992) and avian body size data were obtained from Dunning (1993). Information on land-cover types (agriculture, forest, wetland, roads, human-used areas) were obtained from the provincial government. ArcView GIS and Fragstats were used to calculate several metrics that characterized the structure and complexity of the different land-cover types (area, shape, and aggregation).

abstract: Habitat metrics, latitude and longitude, and body size information were related to avian species richness in seventy-six 10 km x 10 km sampling cells. Explanatory variables were related to avian species richness using multiple regression analysis, and models were chosen using Akaike's Information Criterion. In total, 156 species were found to breed in Prince Edward Island. Species assemblages varied between 9 and 98 species. Land-cover types, longitude, latitude and body size explained up to 49% of the variation in avian species richness on Prince Edward Island, though each functional group responded differently to particular variables. These findings suggest that avian species richness on Prince Edward Island is strongly influenced by human activities such as alteration of forest habitat and expansion of agriculture.

abstract: At the species level, habitat metrics were related to the occurrence of 102 avian species (species where occurrence >10% or <90% coverage of the study location) in seventy-six 10 km x 10 km sampling cells. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations and to develop multivariate models to explain avian species occurrence. Avian species were then examined in terms of functional group (i.e. landbird, seabird, shorebird, waterfowl) and trophic level (i.e. herbivore, carnivore, insectivore, omnivore). Twenty-nine species were significantly associated with the land-cover variables. These species were primarily from the landbird functional group and the omnivore and insectivore trophic groups. There were few discernable patterns in specific metrics used by species, though forest-related variables were associated with species more often than other land-cover types.

abstract: This is the first landscape-scale study on avian community ecology on Prince Edward Island. A blended approach to the study of avian communities is useful to wildlife managers, conservation biologists, and ecologists alike. This study has examined several factors that determine species richness and occurrence of birds breeding on Prince Edward Island at a regional spatial scale. What is required now is a process-orientated investigation of some of these factors, especially those associated with anthropogenic activities. Such an approach would be best served by exploring the biology of individual species and how they interact with the physical geography of their environments.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1386.


title: "They think they know me but they really don't know me": Beginning to explore the experiences of Mi'kmaq students at a provincial intermediate school

contributor:
Cain, Margaret Theresa (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 91 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Bilingual and Multicultural
Education, Sociology of

abstract: This study explores the schooling experiences of First Nations students at an intermediate level provincial school on Prince Edward Island and the impact of educational practices on them. Two individual interviews were conducted at the school with each of the seven Mi'kmaq students who participated in the research. All participants completed their elementary schooling within their small, band operated, community based school. The voices of the students provide some understanding of what it is like to be in their shoes within the public school environment. The findings highlight personal, social and academic challenges the students encounter as a cultural minority in this educational setting as well as some aspects that are supportive and motivational to them. The findings confirm many of the notions found in the literature, although very few studies have included the input of Aboriginal people. The study proposes new directions for educators to pursue that respect the culture, language, learning characteristics and strengths of First Nations students and their communities.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 42-02, page: 0398.

abstract: Adviser: Graham Pike.


title: A case study of inclusive education service delivery in Prince Edward Island's Eastern School District

contributor: Favaro, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 172 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Special

abstract: This study explores the developments and contributing factors leading to the current model of inclusive special education services in the Eastern School District of Prince Edward Island, Canada. The district is one of three provincially governed districts and has a total enrolment of 13,290 students in its 43 schools. Responsive evaluation employing case study is used in which documentation, archival data and participant observation are analyzed and highlight the challenges within the District as they compare to other jurisdictions. Emerging themes of increased demands on teachers, lack of consistency and the availability of support structures reflect struggles experienced within the system as well as regionally and globally. This study concludes with suggestions for consideration for an improved inclusive special education service delivery model.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3167.


title: A cell culture system for paramoebiasis research

contributor: Berthe, F. C. J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lavallée, J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ikede, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 153 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Cell
Biology, Microbiology
Biology, Parasitology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Paramoebiasis caused by the amphizoic amoeba Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis  is a significant disease in various commercially important finfish and invertebrates worldwide. Outbreaks of paramoebiasis have recently become more severe and are not longer restricted to the warmer months of the year. The lack of understanding of the biology of this parasite is reflected by the unavailability of effective drugs in invertebrates while an increased resistance to treatment in finfish is observed. Its loss of virulence on artificial media and the inability to obtain axenically large numbers of pathogenic parasites are major limitations to many areas of paramoebiasis research. Recently, it was shown that N. pemaquidensis grows rapidly on a rainbow trout gill cell line and is cytopathogenic to the monolayer. This thesis further investigated this newly established method of culture. First, its advantages and limitations were compared to conventional maintenance methods of  N. pemaquidensis; so far, this is the only method that yields a pure and dense culture of amoebae at a reasonable cost. Secondly, the potential recovery of the initial pathogenicity of N. pemaquidensis towards two susceptible salmonid hosts was explored via transmission studies. Using immersion with a high concentration of amoebae, Amoebic Gill Disease could not be induced in Atlantic salmon or rainbow trout. Finally, the suitability of this source of amoebae for in vitro experiments was tested by developing a reproducible and fast method of screening various treatments (freshwater, lasalocid, oxytetracycline, Virkon®) using flow cytometry (FCM). Although the results indicate that N. pemaquidensis  grown on rainbow trout gill cells are not good organisms for chemotherapeutant screening, FCM remains a useful method for evaluation of antiparasitic agents.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1400.


title: A collaborative journey to better music teaching through authentic assessment and evaluation: A narrative inquiry

contributor: Favaro, Eric (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 134 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Music
Education, Curriculum and Instruction

abstract: Assessment and evaluation in music education has been a topic of great discussion over the past number of years. This study investigates the practices and experiences of four music teachers from the Cape Breton-Victoria Regional School Board in Nova Scotia, Canada. The narratives of one teacher's experiences and understandings will serve to inform the development and implementation of more authentic assessments in classrooms where the integrated arts are promoted. Her reflections will be supported by direct quotes from the other three. It is hoped that the reflections shared will prompt others to examine their practices and to explore the assessment and evaluation methods that work best for their students.

abstract: Strategies explored by these teachers include portfolio assessment, performance-based assessment, rubric design and implementation, self and peer assessment, and managing assessment with large numbers of students. These strategies developed by the four teacher participants and the story of their journey together during their school district pilot shed important light on where we are with assessing students' learning through the arts and where we need to go. The narrative quality of this study will enhance the reader's understanding of the personal journey of each participant.

abstract: The arts community is one of sharing. Hopefully, the experiences shared here will inspire other teachers to step beyond their comfort zones, challenge the status quo, and transform current practices toward a more meaningful, authentic assessment process in music education and beyond.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1222.


title: A comparative morphological study of the alimentary canal in three cold water pleuronectids

contributor: Chan, Cathy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Singh, Amreek (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ireland, Bill (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Brown, Joe (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 211 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Ecology
Biology, Animal Physiology

abstract: The aim of this investigation was to first determine, whether differences exist in alimentary canal histology between species known to inhabit different environments and to utilize different prey types in the wild and secondly to utilize this information to provide a morphological data base for future studies in digestive physiology and artificial diet development. Samples of each species were captured from wild populations and tissue was removed from five areas along the alimentary canal. Following sampling, tissue was processed for both light and electron microscopy. The existence of a distinct surface secretory cell (ESSC) in association with the esophageal mucosa in the winter flounder and the yellowtail flounder coupled with elaborate mucosal folding and a complex mucous histochemistry suggested that this region may have a role in the initiation of chemical digestion in these species. The stomach epithelia in the Atlantic halibut, the winter flounder and the yellowtail flounder, could be divided into three distinct zones based upon ultrastructural differences in the cell types present. Variation in mucous histochemistry across species as well as between regions suggested that different chemo-types of mucus may be important for different digestive functions. The post-gastric regions of the three pleuronectids could be divided into two main areas based upon the ultrastructural features of the digestion and absorption of specific nutrients: lipid digestion was observed to occur in the intestine and pyloric caeca whereas the intracellular digestion of exogenous protein was observed to occur in the rectum. Numbers of goblet cells within post-gastric regions were not found to be significantly different between species. Numbers were however, significantly different between regions, with a trend indicating an increase in the frequency of goblet cells toward the rectum. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-05, page: 1345.

abstract: Co-Directeurs: Glenda Wright; Greg Goff.


title: A model of growth suppression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) associated with a high dose of hydrogen peroxide exposure with evaluation of selected hormonal and blood chemical constituents

contributor: Carvajal de la Fuente, Veronica (author)

contributor: Markham, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Burka, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 112 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Animal Physiology
Biology, Veterinary Science
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing compound which has been used as a therapeutic agent to control sea lice infestations of salmonids. However, it is known that concentrations needed to control these copepods may cause serious branchial injury. The effect of this treatment on fish growth performance is unknown. In this thesis, a treatment simulation model, in which rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles reared in fresh water received a single exposure to hydrogen peroxide at 1250 ppm for 30 min, was used in order to develop an understanding of the interaction of this treatment with salmonid growth performance. The growth performance of fish before and after treatment was compared with that of untreated fish held in separate tanks and in a cohort design in which treated fish co-habitated with untreated fish. Other studies were designed to investigate whether growth alterations were related to disturbances in hormonal and blood chemical compounds. Based on our results, we conclude that the activation of the primary and secondary stress response, and alteration of the gill morphology may be, in part, contributory factors in the transient decreased growth performance associated with a single high dose of hydrogen peroxide. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 37-03, page: 0883.

abstract: Advisers: Barbara Horney; David Speare.


title: A narrative enquiry into the educational assistant's perspective: Power relations and discourse in inclusive education

contributor:
Workman, Paul M. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

subject: Education, Special

abstract: Educational assistants facilitate inclusion by providing support for students with special needs. This thesis examines the structures and social environment in which educational assistants work, exploring the power dynamics affecting their role, and analyzing the discursive practices of historical documents, current policy, and research literature. These power relations, viewed through lenses of critical theory and deconstruction, come into focus as oppressive forces acting on educational assistants.

abstract: A narrative, crafted as a research fiction, explores these issues, and sheds light on the barriers which limit the contributions of educational assistants. My research suggests the educational community would benefit from exploring ways to grow beyond the limitations it imposes on educational assistants and to progress towards more collaborative relationships.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1231.


title: A personal narrative linking a chef's journey with the development of Canada's first applied degree program in culinary operations

format: 100 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Community College

abstract: This study is a personal narrative linking a chef's journey with the development of Canada's first Applied Degree Program in Culinary Operations at Holland College, Prince Edward Island. It illuminates how the author's development as a professional chef, researcher/practitioner and adult educator has impacted the formative development of a new degree program for culinary students, chef instructors and community college administrators. An interpretation of the full learning cycle and the way it honours four types of learners and teachers (McCarthy, 2000) is presented as a model for guiding faculty and students in working together to create new programs. Topics such as the impact of change, culinary leadership and new employment opportunities for chefs are explored as key elements in this investigation. This paper identifies how the new Applied Degree Program in Culinary Operations aligns itself in a well established culinary school and offers recommendations for others involved with new program development.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1100.


title: A pilot study of the effect of American ginseng administration on glycemic control in dogs with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

contributor: Miller, James (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Burton, Shelley (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ryan, Dan (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 204 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Animal Physiology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Background. Despite numerous preventative strategies and a wide array of conventional medications available for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, prevention and treatment of this disease remains unsatisfactory and the disease remains a serious health care problem in people and companion animals. There remains a need for development of new primary and adjunctive medical therapies to treat this disease. If left untreated or poorly regulated, diabetic patients are at high risk for the development of serious acute and chronic complications. Acute complications of diabetes mellitus in cats, dogs and people include the development of diabetic ketoacidosis, non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic ketoacidosis, and hypoglycaemia from an insulin overdose. Chronic complications in people include blindness from diabetic retinopathy, hypertension and related cardiovascular disease, renal failure from diabetic nephropathy, peripheral neuropathies, increased risk of secondary infections and a variety of dermatologic problems. Similar chronic complications can occur in diabetic dogs and cats but with the exception of diabetic cataracts in dogs, the incidence is much lower. To prevent such complications and to improve or maintain a diabetic patient's quality of life, many diabetic people and owners of diabetic pets turn to alternative medicines, including herbal remedies such as ginseng. Emerging evidence from human and experimental animal models for the use of American ginseng (AG) in the control of diabetes and high blood pressure has been encouraging.

abstract: Design. A placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover design study involving 8 dogs with well controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was performed to evaluate whether administration of a commercially available American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) product has any antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive effects.

abstract: Results. In dogs with well controlled insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, no statistically significant differences in glycemic control or systemic blood pressure parameters were detected between placebo and American ginseng when either treatment was administered as an adjunct to the dog's prescribed insulin.

abstract: Conclusion. American ginseng did not demonstrate antihyperglycemic or antihypertensive effects in dogs with type I diabetes mellitus.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-03, page: 1407.


title: A quantitative analysis of phyllotactic patterns in Thuja occidentalis (eastern white cedar) at the level of the shoot apical meristem

contributor: Silva, Marina (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 127 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Botany

abstract: Phyllotaxis is the study of the arrangement of primordia on the shoot apical meristem or mature organs on the stem. Phyllotactic patterns can change during the ontogenetic process and is called pattern transition. The main goal of this study is to examine different phyllotactic and transition patterns of the seedlings of Thuja occidentalis. Scanning electron and optical microscopy were used to examine dissected shoot tips of seedlings and take measurements of a variety of parameters. Four phyllotactic patterns were observed on the main stem of T. occidentalis: tetracussate, tricussate, (3, 5) spiral and decussate. Therefore, 4 types of phyllotactic pattern transitions were documented: tetracussate to decussate, tetracussate to tricussate, tricussate to (3, 5) spiral and (3, 5) spiral to decussate. Only 1 phyllotactic pattern was observed on the side branches of  T. occidentalis: decussate. For each phyllotactic pattern, the following phyllotactic parameters were measured or calculated using histological techniques: divergence angle, plastochrone ratio, leaf insertion angle, parameter Γ and apical angle of the shoot apical meristem. The results from histological techniques indicate that: divergence angle, plastochrone ratio and leaf insertion angle fit with their empirical ranges for all the patterns; divergence angle and plastochrone ratio fit with some theoretical models for the (3, 5) spiral pattern of the main stem; parameter Γ only matched the theoretical prediction for the (3, 5) spiral pattern of the main stem; using Γ = √( l1l2)/R 0 is a better way to calculate parameter Γ. This study is the first to use a scanning electron microscopy three-dimensional reconstruction method to study the shoot apical meristem at an early stage of development. Four new phyllotactic parameters were introduced: volume of the shoot apical meristem, surface area of the shoot apical meristem, projected area of the shoot apical meristem and height of the shoot apical meristem. The results from the scanning electron microscopy three-dimensional reconstruction method indicate that: different phyllotactic patterns observed on T. occidentalis are not significantly different for these 4 parameters; the assumption that the shoot apical meristem can be approximated as a cone may not be valid. The results from histological techniques and scanning electron microscopy three-dimensional reconstruction method combined indicate that: the apical angle of the shoot apical meristem decreased significantly as the seedlings of T. occidentalis grow and undergo pattern transitions in both main stem and side branches.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3376.


title: A second chance to learn:  One child's path to literacy

contributor: Gabriel, Martha (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 101 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Reading

abstract: The purpose of this case study was to examine the reading behaviors of an at-risk reader and how they changed over time as he participated in Reading Recovery instruction. The focus of the study was the description of a student's reading behaviors at the beginning of instruction, the changes that occurred over time and the student's reading behaviors at the end of the program. The participant in this case study was a child in grade one who received Reading Recovery instruction from a trained Reading Recovery teacher. Reading behaviors as the child read from a familiar book and a new book during the lessons were recorded weekly and analysed. Results of pre and post tests were also compared. The findings revealed that, over time as the child received lessons in Reading Recovery, his reading behaviors changed from those characteristic of an at-risk reader to those of a successful reader. Post test scores indicated improvement in letter and word identification, writing vocabulary, and phonological awareness. The findings are discussed within the context of Clay's theory of reading and support early intervention as an effective means in helping at-risk readers overcome their reading difficulties.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0385.

abstract: Adviser:  Ray Doiron.


title: A study of the relationships between teacher leadership and school culture in secondary schools within the Eastern School District on Prince Edward Island

contributor:
Wynne, Steven M. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 104 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Sociology of
Education, Secondary

abstract: This study examined the relationship between teacher leadership and school culture at the secondary level and explored other areas of interest that included how teacher leadership was affected by such variables as gender, a teacher's level of education, and teaching experience. This was a quantitative study that used a purposeful sample of 146 of the 212 high school teachers from the Eastern School District on Prince Edward Island. The return rate was 68.9%.

abstract: The leadership behaviors and characteristics of each teacher was determined through self-assessment ratings using The Leadership Profile (TLP) developed by Sashkin and Rosenbach (1995). This survey evaluated fifteen leadership measures which included the overall leadership potential of the teacher and four leadership scales: transformational leadership behaviors, transformational leadership characteristics, total transformational leadership, and transactional leadership. These scales were further subdivided into ten sub-scales. The teachers' perception of school culture was determined using the School Culture Assessment Questionnaire (SCAQ developed by Sashkin (2001 a). This survey evaluated the norms, beliefs and values of the school as perceived by each teacher. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0389.

abstract: Advisers:  G. Hopkirk; X. Liu.


title: A tale of two selves:  A critical narrative inquiry into gender and systematic discourse in teaching

contributor: Brookes, Anne-Louise (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 156 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Teacher Training
Education, Philosophy of

abstract: Through reflexive writing practices, this thesis examines the ways in which gender is inscripted onto identity through teaching practice and lived experience.

abstract: I do this by accounting for and presenting my current and past thinking using different genres (including autoethnography, narrative, fictional and letter writing) to illustrate the different facets of my self, and also to research and write my self. This is achieved in three stages. Part one is a fictional conversation built and woven for the text to achieve the intended effect of outlining the research method and significance of this study, a discussion of the literature review with expert authorities embedded, and a description of criteria for validity. Part two uses writing as a method of inquiry, whereby letters (using voices of two "characters"---both of whom are voices of my self) are crafted to interrogate my individual experiences. They were written reflexively using systematic sociological introspection. Part three is the analysis and the crafted letters are treated as data. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1134.


title: Action research: School development at the intermediate level

contributor:
Bradley, Michele (author)
Timmons, Vianne (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 83 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Curriculum and Instruction

abstract: This thesis describes an action research study of the effectiveness of the school improvement project at an intermediate school in Summerside, Prince Edward Island. The school improvement project implemented had two goals: (1) to augment student motivation and engagement, and (2) to encourage communication and collaboration among teachers. The project consisted of implementing interesting workshops to students that were grounded in curriculum outcomes. The participants in this study involved both the student and teacher populations. Students completed an on-line data survey while teachers completed a questionnaire. Four follow-up interviews of teachers were conducted. The results from the students' responses indicated that the school development project was effective. Eighty-seven % of the students surveyed confirmed that they enjoyed being able to learn about subjects that interested them. The school development project was also successful in increasing teacher communication and collaboration. Eighty-five % of teachers surveyed responded that the project provided more time for collaboration with colleagues.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1210.


title: Adult literacy and lifestyle changes:  Understanding the special awareness, needs and stories of six adults who are literacy challenged

contributor: Timmons, Vianne (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 110 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Adult and Continuing

abstract: Comparatively few studies examined the possible lifestyle changes of adults whose literacy skills have improved. This research studied the experiences of 6 men and women with literacy challenges, who received help with literacy skills to determine if they perceived improvements in the quality of their lifestyles owing to improvements in their skills. This study focussed on the stories told by these adults after their literacy skills had improved. This thesis is based on interviews with 6 adults who were previously literacy challenged, 3 currently living in Canada and 3 presently residing in England. From a reflexive inquiry of my own involvement in the research process, I considered in this study the difficulties of entering the private world of adults with literacy challenges. Using a narrative inquiry method, I analyzed the interview results and found a positive correlation between the acquisition of literacy skills and the recognition of self-esteem and lifestyle change. The narrative inquiry method encouraged me to examine my own role as practitioner researcher. In doing so, I reexamined my 25-year assumptions about a researcher's supposed detachment and possible responsibility in the research process.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0366.

abstract: Adviser:  Anne-Louise Brookes.


title: Adverse effects of phenobarbital therapy in epileptic dogs

contributor:
Gaskill, Cynthia Lynn (author)
Cribb, Alastair (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 250 electronic application/pdf

abstract: Two poorly understood effects of phenobarbital, the most common drug used to treat canine epilepsy, are (1) serum thyroid hormone alterations, and (2) serum liver enzyme abnormalities. Alterations in concentrations of serum total thyroxine (T4), the major thyroid hormone, have been anecdotally reported to occur in dogs receiving phenobarbital, but at the time of this investigation, this had not been documented. The cause and clinical significance of alterations in serum thyroid hormone concentrations associated with phenobarbital therapy also had not been determined in dogs. Elevated serum liver-associated enzymes have been associated with hepatotoxicity in a retrospective study of dogs receiving phenobarbital (Dayrell-Hart et al. 1991). However, elevated serum liver-associated enzyme activities, especially serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), are also commonly found in phenobarbital-treated dogs that do not have clinical signs of liver disease. This has led some to conclude that increased serum AP and ALT activities might also be due to induction of these enzymes, although conclusive evidence of this is lacking. The difficulty faced by veterinarians is differentiating between cases of possible liver enzyme induction and cases of early subclinical liver injury.

abstract: The goals of this study were to investigate the cause, clinical significance, and risk factors associated with the development of thyroid and liver abnormalities in phenobarbital-treated epileptic dogs. Cross-sectional and prospective investigations of clinically healthy client-owned epileptic dogs receiving phenobarbital were performed to examine these issues. Additionally, samples obtained from these patients were used to perform in vitro investigations of the effects of phenobarbital on the liver.

abstract: In this study, phenobarbital therapy caused a significant decrease m the serum T4 concentration within 3 weeks of the start of therapy, and the decrease continued for at least 1 year. The cause was most likely an increased metabolism and clearance of the hormone from the body. Dogs with low serum T4 concentrations did not have clinical signs of hypothyroidism, and did not have better or worse seizure control than dogs with normal serum T4 concentrations. Dogs receiving phenobarbital had significantly greater histopathological liver abnormalities than controls. Duration of phenobarbital therapy was a possible risk factor. In vitro studies indicated that increased serum ALT activity was not due to induction of the enzyme in the liver. This suggested that serum ALT concentration might be used as a non-invasive test to differentiate between early liver injury and enzyme induction in dogs with elevated serum liver-associated enzyme activities. Induction of AP activity was not observed in this study, but it is possible that induction was masked by a simultaneous increase in release of the enzyme from the hepatocyte membrane. Additional information discovered during this study, including pancreatitis associated with use of phenobarbital/potassium bromide combination therapy, will also be presented in this thesis.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 62-10, Section: B, page: 4484.

abstract: Adviser:  Alastair Cribb.


title: Alterations in excitatory/inhibitory circuitry in the adult rat brain following postnatal glutamatergic system activation

contributor: Watson, William (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Reynolds, David (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Stensbol, Tine (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bastlund, Jesper (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Anderson, Neil (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Larsen, Kasper (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 293 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Neuroscience
Psychology, Behavioral
Health Sciences, Pharmacology

abstract: A critical period for maturation and final organization of excitatory and inhibitory function in the brain occurs during perinatal development when network connections are being formed and refined. In the rat hippocampus, many of these connections reach adult levels by the end of the second postnatal week. Subsequently, insult or injury to the brain at this time may have far-reaching consequences that manifest as changes in behaviour resulting from modifications in underlying neuronal structure and function. It has been previously demonstrated that low daily doses of the glutamate agonist domoic acid (DOM), administered to rat pups throughout the second postnatal week of life, can result in seizure-like behaviours in adulthood similar to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in humans, as well as produce cellular changes in the dentate gyrus and area CA3 of the hippocampus. Now known as the novelty-induced, seizure-like (NIS-L) rat, these animals represent a new developmental model for TLE.

abstract: The objective of this dissertation was to further characterize the NIS-L model, thus providing additional information regarding potential alterations in neurologic function and underlying mechanistic properties that may result from early-life glutamate system activation. Subsequently, in vivo  studies were performed to provide an electrophysiological assessment of electroencephalogram (EEG) in NIS-L rats. This investigation revealed a distinct EEG waveform pattern during NIS-L manifestation as well as subtle alterations in wave band expression, along with decreased seizure threshold levels and increased mossy fibre sprouting, but no difference in seizure propagation to the rest of the brain. In addition, altered sleep patterns were also reported, similar to what is seen in other animal models of TLE. To assess possible underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes, an immunohistochemical study of inhibitory cells in the hippocampus and amygdala showed region and sex-dependent changes in specific interneuronal subpopulations in the model, as well as decreases in a population of susceptible excitatory neurons, while an in vitro evaluation of field post-synaptic potentials in the dentate gyrus and area CA3 of the hippocampus revealed no differences in baseline activity, but did show a concentration-dependent alteration in response to acute DOM perfusion. A final study investigating possible glutamatergic pathways for DOM-mediated effects indicated no involvement for the  N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, but appeared to implicate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-sensitive mechanisms. Additionally, a dramatic and unexpected response to early-life glutamate antagonism was discovered.

abstract: These data provide a demonstration of some of the possible changes that may occur in excitatory and inhibitory circuitry in the brain as a result of interference with early developmental processes, and have revealed several underlying mechanisms that may be responsible for these changes. Future studies assessing spontaneity of behavioural seizure expression and evaluating sex-dependent differences in the model, as well as an investigation of the role of GABAergic mechanisms may help further elucidate the possible consequences of interference in the intricate interplay between glutamate and GABA systems during critical developmental stages.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-08, Section: B, page: 4658.


title: Alterations in the expression of cancer associated mediators in H-ras transformed murine fibroblast cells

contributor: Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Gottschall-Pass, Katherine (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 109 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Botany
Biology, Cell

abstract: The progression of cancer is characterized by the alteration in key cancer associated activities. This study investigates the expression of proliferation and proinflammatory linked proteins in H-ras transformed marine fibroblast cells. The proteins examined include spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and associated mediators of MMP activity which include extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of MMPs). Treatment of NR3 cells (H-ras transformed, benign tumor forming) with phorbol-12-myristate acetate (PMA) resulted in an induction of SSAT protein expression, whereas SSAT expression was unaltered in 10T ½  cells (non-transformed). Studies investigating the possible signal transduction pathways involved in the alteration of SSAT protein expression suggests a possible role for protein kinase-C (PKC), mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (P-I-3 kinase) pathways. The effects of oncostatin M (OSM) on MMPs and associated mediators were also examined in NR3 cells. OSM resulted in an induction of MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity in the transformed cells, with a possible involvement of the P-I-3 kinase pathway and PKC pathways, respectively. OSM treatment on NR3 cells also resulted in an induction of EMMPRIN, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, with possible involvement of specific proteins of the JAK/STAT pathway. Various other proteins associated with proliferation and proinflammatory was also investigated in transformed and non-transformed cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), iNOS, COX-2, and ODC protein expression were all elevated in NR3 cells in response to OSM, whereas only COX-2 expression was elevated in the non-transformed cells. The altered expression and regulation of the cancer associated proteins represents an aspect of the altered cellular growth program inherent to H-ras transformed cells.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2233.


title: Alternative Education within an Inclusive System: A Participatory Case Study of A Secondary Alternative Education Program on Prince Edward Island

contributor:
MacLaren, Kendra (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 175 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Special
Education, Secondary

abstract: This participatory case study investigated an alternative education program for students considered at risk of dropping out of school in Prince Edward Island. The case study sought to reveal how the program changed students' experience of school, the different teaching practices used by the program teachers, and the elements of this program that could be applied to other programs in public education. The study followed a small group of at-risk students participating in the tier one cohort of an alternative education program in a Prince Edward Island high school. The study also presents data from the cohort teachers, resource teacher, youth worker, and principal of this program. This study took a constructivist theoretical frame and data were gathered in the following ways: personal observations; student focus groups; staff focus group; individual interviews with the principal and youth worker; and one teacher's diary. Data analysis followed Patton's (2002) first cut, the constant comparison method, and the theory of convergence. The findings of this study supported the continuation and improvement of the cohort program. Recommendations for improvement included continuation of the breakfast and lunch programs; assignment of cohort teachers before other placements; continuation of resource support in afternoon classes; an increase professional development opportunities for teachers; development and implementation of meaningful, current, real-world curriculum for students; implementation of a employment placement; addition of a personal development course; and development of supports for working students.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2092.

abstract: Adviser: Carla DiGiorgio.


title: An epidemiological study of verticillium wilt of potatoes:  Host-pathogen interactions of various species in combination and single inoculation studies

contributor: Peters, R. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lacroix, Christian (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 128 electronic application/pdf

subject: Agriculture, Plant Pathology

abstract: Verticillium wilt is caused by a soilborne fungal pathogen that infects the vascular system of a variety of plant species, including potatoes (Dobinson 1995; Mahuku et al. 1999). Verticillium wilt is found in most potato production areas all over the world and is an economically important disease that causes reduced tuber yields and produces diseased seed tubers (Mahuku et al. 1999).

abstract: On Prince Edward Island, Verticillium wilt is caused primarily by two aggressive pathogens; Verticillium albo-atrum 'group 1' and  V. dahliae (Mahuku et al. 1999). Also present in the soil, are two less aggressive species, V. albo-atrum 'group 2' and V. tricorpus (Heinz and Platt 2000). Little is known about these less aggressive species and their role in the Verticillium wilt disease complex (Mahuku et al. 2002; Mahuku et al. 1999). Further studies will help to better define their role as it has been suggested that they may compete with the more aggressive Verticillium species and may be used as a biological control (Davis et al. 2000, Heinz and Platt 2000). (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1268.


title: Uqaujjuusiat---gifts of words of advice: Schooling, education and leadership in Baffin Island

contributor:
Arnaquq, Naullaq (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 197 electronic application/pdf

subject:
History, Canadian
Education, History of

abstract: Abstract not available.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3156.


title: Use and usefulness of mathematics curriculum guides in Prince Edward Island

contributor: MacLeod, Kevin (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 108 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Mathematics
Education, Curriculum and Instruction

abstract: This study explored the perceptions Prince Edward Island senior high mathematics teachers have of the use and usefulness of the academic mathematics curriculum guides. The degree to which curriculum guides are being used to deliver courses is not well known. Much anecdotal information has been available, but there is a marked absence of quantitative data.

abstract: This study, used an integrated research methodology, in which the use and usefulness of the mathematics curriculum guides in Prince Edward Island as perceived by Island high school teachers was investigated. The use of the curriculum guides was researched using a survey in which 32 of the 48 academic mathematics teachers on PEI participated. Of the 32 participating teachers, 14 agreed to take part in an electronic interview where the usefulness of the curriculum guides was explored. The study revealed the substantive use of the curriculum guides and the perception by PEI mathematics teachers that the guide was useful. The positive view that Island teachers expressed to the guides presents a model for curriculum development and implementation that could possibly be utilized in other curriculum areas. The researcher outlined the curriculum development process, which was viewed by teachers as a possible framework for future curriculum guide development. A number of recommendations were made to the Department of Education, that may inform development of future curriculum guides by a collaborative-teacher-assisted procedure.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0371.

abstract: Adviser:  Kevin MacLeod.


title: Use of bioactive compounds to preserve boar sperm

contributor: Gotschall-Pass, Katherine (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kastelic, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wichtel, Jeff (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 154 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: The overall objective of this study was to investigate the use of natural antioxidants found in lowbush blueberries to increase the storage time of boar semen and decrease sensitivity to cold shock.

abstract: Four experiments were conducted to study the influence of lowbush blueberries on sperm lipid peroxidation, viability, motility, and capacitation status. In the first experiment, concentrations of total phenolics and total anthocyanins of lowbush blueberry products were compared using 3 different extraction solutions. In the second experiment, lowbush blueberry raw juice, frozen fruit, freeze-dried powder, and leaf extracts were incubated with boar semen in the presence of both ferrous sulphate and ascorbate.

abstract: In the third experiment, boar semen was incubated in the commercial X-cell™ extender alone, in the X-cell™ extender in the presence of blueberry leaf extract or powder extract at 5, 16, and 22°C, respectively. In the next experiment, sperm capacitation status in the 3 semen extenders at the 3 temperatures on day 2 was identified using chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescent assay. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1302.


title: Use of epitope mapping to identify a polymerase chain reaction template for protein amplification of bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D

contributor: Ikede, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Cepica, Arnost (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Fredrickson, Bob (Supervisory Committee Member)

subject:
Biology, Molecular
Biology, Microbiology

abstract: Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), a member of the family Herpesviridae  and subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae is an important cause of respiratory and genital diseases in cattle. Infection with BHV-1 occurs worldwide and causes serious economic losses due to mortality, abortions, decreased milk production and loss of weight. BHV-1 is frequently found in bovine semen and is transmitted through natural service and artificial insemination. The current techniques for detection of BHV-1 in semen in the diagnostic laboratories include virus isolation, and antigen detection by ELISA. These techniques lack sensitivity and are both time consuming and expensive. In order to improve the sensitivity of detection of BHV-1 in bovine semen, a protein amplification assay following PCR targeting the glycoprotein D (gD) gene of BHV-1 was developed. The main goal of this study was to map the epitopes on E. coli expressed Glutathione S transferase-gD (GST-gD) fusion protein using a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-03, page: 0649.

abstract: Adviser:  Frederick S. B. Kibenge.


title: Using journalism for human rights education in Ghana: Journalists' learning

contributor:
Taylor, Sheila (author)
Pike, Graham (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 114 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Journalism
Education, Adult and Continuing

abstract: This qualitative study explores experiences of journalists using their craft for human rights public education in Ghana. It includes Ghanaian and North American journalists' perceptions about their occupation, their experiences with an on-the-job training program and their beliefs about the ways journalism can be used for public education.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1207.


title: Using the Internet to research curriculum-based topics at the grade five level

contributor: Doiron, Ray (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 140 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Technology of
Education, Sciences

abstract: As part of an action research study, the best learning and teaching strategies for the most effective use of the Internet as a research tool for grade five students were examined. Students' reactions and attitudes to using the Internet were explored throughout the study by use of a questionnaire, student learning logs, and participation in an inquiry-based learning activity developed by the researcher called a webquest. Student-centered and cooperative learning approaches, constructivist teaching practices as well as student enthusiasm for learning were examined during the research. The study's findings support the contention that the Internet can be an effective source of information for students at the fifth-grade level, and that appropriate use of the Internet can increase student understanding of curriculum topics, can encourage cooperative and student-centered learning, and can actively engage students in the information process. Implications for effective teaching and learning strategies that have an impact on student learning are also highlighted.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1125.


title: Validation of co-oximetry for methemoglobin measurement in rainbow trout and the investigation of benzocaine as a cause of methemoglobin in salmonids

contributor: Burton, Shelley (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Saleh, Tarek (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 80 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Health Sciences, Toxicology
Chemistry, Biochemistry
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Abstract not available.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2294.

abstract: Advisers: Sandra McConkey; Dave Speare.


title: Vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis: Ecology and mitigation strategies

contributor: Hammell, Larry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Stryhn, Henrik (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 120 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Ecology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The mussel aquaculture industry on Prince Edward Island (PEI) has grown over the last 20 years to now produce over 17 000 Mt, valued at $107 M to the economy and supplies approximately 80% of the North American market (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 2006). Recently, several exotic tunicates (Styela clava, Ciona intestinalis, Botrylloides violaceus and Botryllus schlosseri) have been detected throughout PEI which is cause for concern for the industry. Tunicates compete with mussels for space and food, potentially decreasing the growth rates and meat yields of cultured mussels. Ciona intestinalis is presently the dominant tunicate on mussel farms and is considered a serious threat to this aquaculture industry, mainly due to its unmanageable biomass.

abstract: Reproductive biology and development of C. intestinalis in a single season was investigated to assist aquaculturalists in developing control strategies and to understand the risk of spread to other aquaculture sites. The study included C. intestinalis gonad development, larval abundance and recruitment, and subsequent development after settlement. Histology showed gonads are ripe from May to December. Larvae were observed in water samples from early August through November, with a distinct peak in early October. Recruitment on experimental collectors, however, occurred from mid June until early December, with a peak in late-August. A rapid increase in biomass was documented in late July, six weeks after the initial recruitment. No substantial increase in C. intestinalis biomass was observed after mid August.

abstract: Anecdotal reports from mussel growers suggest that increased stocking density decreases the recruitment of the fouling organisms. To evaluate this hypothesis, 15 mussel socks of low (90 mussels per 30 cm), medium (250 mussels per 30 cm) and high (500 mussels per 30 cm) densities were placed on three longlines in the Brudenell estuary in the fall 2005 and in the spring 2006. Samples were taken in June, August and October to determine the effect of different stocking densities and socking time on mussel productivity and  C. intestinalis recruitment and growth. Mussel condition and shell length were not significantly different between the three stocking densities by the end of the field trial in October. In August, the mean length of  C. intestinalis was significantly lower on the medium and high density socks and C. intestinalis weight was less on medium and high density socks from the fall socking period (no difference within spring socked densities); however, by the October sampling there was no difference in the weight of C. intestinalis between stocking density treatments. Time of socking did not appear to have any significant effect on the results, although the abundance of C. intestinalis was marginally higher in August and the biomass was higher in October, on the socks deployed in December, 2005. Mussel loss was between 50-60% for all treatments, with no clear pattern being evident.

abstract: Ciona intestinalis has proven to be a significant invasive nuisance species to the mussel aquaculture industry. Multiple farm management practices utilizing optimal husbandry practices and knowledge of  C. intestinalis reproduction and development are required to mitigate the impacts of this species.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1388.


title: Voices that echo: Three narratives about abused women and how education levels impacted their lives

contributor:
Thompson, Flora Jean (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 174 electronic application/pdf

subject: Women's Studies

abstract: If there is a key to change and empowerment for women it will be through education (Tahir-Kheli, 2001, p.1).

abstract: For many years I was a victim of abuse. As a 60 year-old woman looking back at what made a difference, I see that formal education, and the furthering of it, gave me the power to address the abuse that affected me. I also developed a keen interest in studying the issues of women in abusive relationships, the reasons women remain in abusive situations, and how women managed to leave the abusive relationships. Although research shows there are many reasons for family violence, the consequences of low education levels for women, in family violence situations, have not been thoroughly examined in Canada.

abstract: Health Canada, (2002) suggested that women without higher formal education, in abusive relationships, have fewer choices than those with high formal education. Women with less education find it difficult to make empowering life decisions. This is not to suggest however, that educated women are not abused. Rather, I am interested in understanding if and how higher formal education levels make a difference in the choices women make before getting into, living in, and eventually leaving abusive relationships.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-03, page: 1315.


title: What is the profile of an outstanding teacher?

contributor:
MacKinley Curran, Joanne Mary (author)
Pike, Graham (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 86 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Teacher Training
Education, Curriculum and Instruction

abstract: This is a report of a qualitative study that profiles 3 outstanding educators from the Province of Prince Edward Island who have been recognized provincially or nationally for their teaching excellence. A total of 3 teachers participated in this study. Each teacher was also asked to nominate 5 of their past or present students with whom they felt they had developed a positive rapport. From each list of nominations 2 students were invited to participate in this study making the total number of student participants 6. Both teachers and students were interviewed to generate the data from which the profiles were composed. Interviews for teachers lasted between 1–2 hours while student interviews varied between 15–25 minutes. The aim of this research was to describe these outstanding educators and find out how and what they do so well. Based on teacher and student findings a profile of an outstanding teacher was generated. Some characteristics and qualities of outstanding teachers discovered in this research were: caring, enthusiastic, interesting, sense of humor, deep subject matter knowledge, effective communicator, makes learning easy and real, and has a positive rapport with students.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 41-02, page: 0373.

abstract: Adviser: Graham Pike.


title: Why did we join? Why have we stayed? Membership in a women's barbershop chorus:  A narrative inquiry into leadership, learning, and the development of voice through singing

contributor: Brookes, Anne-Louise (Supervisory Committee Member)

subject:
Music
Women's Studies

abstract: This narrative inquiry explores the experiences of four members of a women's barbershop singing organization. The questions are explored by identifying the common themes that attracted them initially and kept them dedicated and committed over the years. They joined and stayed for many reasons including friendship, opportunities for personal growth, the experience of singing, challenge, the supportive culture, education, and fun.

abstract: This work explores literature in the fields of social behaviour of groups, leisure, women's groups, adult education, leadership, and barbershop singing. It will be of interest to volunteer, leisure, or any organization that struggles with the issues of recruitment and retention. Educators will learn of the importance and practical ways of nurturing self-confidence, self-esteem and risk-taking in their students.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1254.


title: Women in midlife and older experiencing intimate partner violence: Are battered women's shelters in Atlantic Canada ready to answer the call?

contributor:
LeBlanc, Kristal D. (author)
Weeks, Lori (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 125 electronic application/pdf

subject: Women's Studies

subject: Psychology, General

subject: Sociology, Individual and Family Studies

subject: Health Sciences, Health Care Management

abstract: Researchers have debated whether women in later life experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) are victims of IPV or elder abuse (EA). This study operates under the notion that women experiencing abuse by their partners are victims of IPV regardless of age. However, it is largely unknown if services for victims of IPV are appropriate across the lifespan. The current study addressed this gap by investigating how stage 1 transition homes in Atlantic Canada are meeting the needs of women in midlife and older. This two-phased study included an online survey with 17 shelter directors and telephone interviews with 8 shelter directors. Results indicated that between 2007-2008, women in midlife and older comprised 28% of those who used stage 1 transition houses. Although survey results suggested that stage 1 transition homes meet the needs of women across the lifespan, the interviews revealed a different picture. Results of the interviews unfolded into three distinct phases within the lives of women in midlife and older: (1) life at home and in the community, (2) living in the shelter, and (3) starting a new life. Directors shared that transition homes often fall short in meeting the needs of this age group in such areas as shelter policies, accessibility, privacy, support and outreach. Transition homes offer safety and security for women across the lifespan, but they do not meet the particular needs of women in midlife and older. However, results of this study indicate that women in midlife and older who experience IPV require education and support surrounding power and control dynamics, which a transition house provides. As such, recommendations for research, policy and practice are described in order to ensure that stage 1 transition homes offer a welcoming, suitable, and supportive environment for women in later life.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-06, page: 3459.


title: A Twist in the Path

contributor:
Grant, Glen (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 137 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biography
Education, Administration
Education, Curriculum and Instruction

abstract: An autobiographical accounting of change in education, my narrative spans thirty years of teaching to emerge themes and patterns that influenced the rate and pace of changes during my life and career. It is a personal tale, sometimes one of tragedy and sometimes one of triumph, as I seek to understand the variables and factors that impacted my personal and professional life.

abstract: The issue of balance in a complex teaching world emerges as a connective thread as I attempt to predict and negotiate my way through the forces that sustained or restrained change. Individualism and privatism leading to isolation, the shaping capacity of culture, and the local and global complexity of constructed realities, emerge as dominant themes in which balance, or a lack of, weaved its sometimes stabilising and sometimes disruptive influence.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1203.


title: Longitudinal assessment of behaviour and associated biomarkers in a novel progressive model of Parkinson's Disease

contributor: Doucette, Tracy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wright, Glenda (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Robertson, Harry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bate, Luis (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Doucette, Tracy (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Reed-Jones, Rebecca (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Spears, Jonathan (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Tasker, Andrew (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic application/pdf

abstract: The consumption of seeds of Cycas circinalis has been linked to the development of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Parkinsonism Dementia Complex (ALS-PDC). ALS-PDC is a clinically variable disease presenting as a combination of symptoms typical of PD and/or ALS. Chronic consumption of β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (BSSG), a component of the cycad seed, by rats has been reported to initiate a progressive pathology that develops over several months following the cessation of treatment. The motor, cognitive, and associated underlying histopathological alterations that emerge following this feeding regiment resemble characteristic features of Parkinson’s Disease (Van Kampen et al. 2015). As part of a multi-site validation study, we have replicated and further characterized the BSSG model with a focus on vulnerable cognitive processes, motor function, and associated immunohistochemical markers. Beginning at 3 months of age, male CD rats were fed either a flour pellet or a flour pellet containing BSSG (3mg) 5x/week for 16 weeks. Following BSSG intoxication, animals were exposed to a behavioural test battery at 16-, 24-, 32-, or 40-weeks post initial BSSG feeding (n=10 per group). The test battery consisted of the open field, novel object recognition task, and cylinder test. Following behavioural assessment, animals were sacrificed, and their brains removed for immunohistochemical assessment of substantia nigra integrity. Behavioural analysis indicates no changes in hypothesized measures. Immunohistochemical assessment of brain tissue revealed no differences in markers of activated microglia (IBA1) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra for the 16-week assessment group. For the 24-week assessment group BSSG animals had significantly more IBA1-postive cells in the substantia nigra. Both TH and IBA1 have previously been identified as early makers in the BSSG model. The absence of any group differences in behavior at all assessment points, and the lack of typical immunohistochemistry findings indicates an inability to replicate previous findings, suggesting there may be an unknown issue with some aspect of the model including the delivery of the toxin to the animal. Further investigation into the assessment of the stability of BSSG under relevant conditions is necessary prior to further utilization of the model. Once there is satisfactory evidence that BSSG is stable for the appropriate interval of time, additional replicates of the model at satellite facilities must occur before any claims regarding reliability of the model for preclinical testing are made.


title: Comparison of the recovery of antimicrobial resistant organisms between antibiotic-free and conventional swine farms in the United States

contributor: Sanchez, Javier (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hurnik, Daniel (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Heider, Luke (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Mckenna, Shawn (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Hurnik, Dan (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Heider, Luke (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Rodriguez-Lecompte, Juan C. (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Stull, Jason (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 93 application/pdf

abstract:
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex and controversial issue. Although antimicrobial therapeutics and growth promoters can cause the development of AMR in enteric bacteria, there is a lack of conclusive evidence showing a link between resistant bacteria in animals and a negative impact on human health.

Some food consumers believe that antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock is contributing to AMR, and consumers purchase organic meat assuming that it is healthier and safer than conventional meat. However, organic meat production is expensive, and certification has many requirements beyond AMU, such as feeding certified organic feed and year-round assess to the outdoors. Since antibiotic-free meat products are simpler to produce compared to organic, and because they differ from conventional production only by controlling the use of antimicrobials, the North American pig industry has responded
to consumer concerns by creating niche markets with a voluntary limited AMU.

While studies comparing conventional and organic production systems have been conducted extensively, studies on antibiotic-free production are scarce. As interests in antibiotic-free meat grow both from consumers and producers, it is important to know how and whether the AMU affects AMR in livestock.

A critical review critically evaluates and analyze data from relevant studies. In this study, the critical review process was used to examine the literature to compare AMR in selected bacterial organisms between antibiotic-free farms (ABF) and conventional farms (CF) of swine where AMU is not voluntarily restricted.


title: Distribution and movement patterns of African wild dogs and Red Foxes in relation to habitat structure and anthropogenic influence

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 256 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Ecology
Environmental Sciences

abstract: Diversity and spread of habitat types (i.e. heterogeneity) within a landscape have important implications for the distribution of resources (e.g. prey species) and subsequently the distribution and movement patterns of animals. Human activities often directly disrupt the natural environment, fragmenting it into patches of natural habitat interspersed with human-use areas that are not suitable for many animal species. Other phenomena, like climate change, can gradually change the structure of a landscape, resulting in changes in biological community structure. The study of animal movement through diverse and patchy landscapes can thus be a valuable tool for understanding the effects that human activities and natural change (e.g. weather patterns) can have on animals.

abstract: The primary goal of this research was to investigate the interaction of important predatory mammals with their environments using different techniques in order to discern potential anthropogenic effects on the species. Two species of mammalian predator, the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) were examined. Movement data obtained from field studies were compared with predictions made from theoretical movement models. Computer simulations were performed using an individual-based movement model to explore fundamental movement patterns in fragmented landscapes and to permit some comparisons between the two species in light of the fact that the wild dog is considered a specialist (limited in landscape use by specific requirements) and the red fox, a generalist (flexible in landscape use).

abstract: Radio-collared African wild dogs were tracked as a pack for 19 months in South Africa to provide locational fixes used in this study to examine home range and habitat selection over different seasons. Red foxes were snow-tracked for two winter seasons on Prince Edward Island (Canada) to obtain detailed movement paths, which were compared among geographically distinct study sites in terms of habitat selection, path shape, displacement, and interaction with local habitat variables such as snow depth. Mapping software was used to relate movement and distribution of both species to their respective habitat characteristics.

abstract: The African wild dog pack selected some habitats consistently, indicating some specialization, but the home-range size and location were inconsistent and extended to the reserve boundaries (and beyond on a number of occasions), suggesting that the enclosed area did not contain all the resources required by the pack. Simulated specialist movement path shape was affected by increasing fragmentation (decrease of good habitat), becoming straighter (or more directed) in less suitable habitats. Wild dogs, consistent with their status as specialist predators, showed some specialist tendencies in this study and extended their range beyond the reserve, similar to the way in which simulated specialists extended their paths directly through unsuitable habitat. Although red foxes had similar movement patterns at all study sites, habitat selection differed across study sites with few consistencies among sites that were more heterogeneous or human-impacted. Thus, fox movement does not appear to be impacted by fragmentation or heterogeneity. Foxes demonstrated versatility, which is consistent with a generalist definition. Simulated generalists, like the foxes studied here, were not affected by fragmentation as indicated by similar shape at all fragmentation levels (or percentages of good habitat). Fox movement had dispersal consistent with that expected from a Lévy walk model which is indicative of an optimal foraging strategy.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2245.


title: Looming health crisis on small islands: The nexus between ecosystem health and human health – a case study of the island of Dominica

contributor: Nagarajan, Palanisamy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Coll, Doreley (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Nagarajan, Palanisamy (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Coll, Doreley (Examination Committee Member)

contributor: Webber, June (Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 276 application/pdf

abstract:
This thesis examines the relationship between human health, ecosystem health, and socioeconomic
aspects on the Small Island Developing State of Dominica. It is based on a theoretical
framework that outlines fundamental links between human health and ecosystem health. The
framework suggests that good long-term health outcomes are dependent on careful
considerations of human socio-economic interactions with their surrounding ecosystems. Small
islands, Small Island Developing States in particular, are currently experiencing a health crisis
with alarming rates of non-communicable diseases. Generally, the health crisis is accompanied
by economic, social, and environmental struggles. This research aims to understand how the
island health crisis and the other island struggles might be linked. As well, the thesis aims to
underline the value of the small island microcosm as a study model for the comprehension of
complex social-ecological phenomena. An in-depth case study of one particular Small Island
Developing State, Dominica, was chosen as the research strategy to explore complex socialecological
links on the island. The Dominica case study includes documentation of social,
economic, health, and ecological developments on the island in the 20th and 21st century.
Additionally, I conducted interviews with different Dominican stakeholders on health and health
changes in Dominica. The thesis research shows that Dominica has undergone immense changes
in health, society, economy, and environment in the 20th and 21st century. The major driving
force behind those changes was the introduction of the banana industry to Dominica in the mid -
20th century. Careful analysis suggests that there are links among the epidemiological transition
from infectious to non-communicable diseases; a society that has transitioned from subsistence
farming to having many of the socio-cultural attributes of “modern” westernized societies; an economic growth-centered development philosophy; and a changing, less resilient ecosystem.
The thesis concludes that it is crucial to respect these links when trying to address Dominica’s
health crisis, which would require a rethinking of Dominica’s development philosophy to one
that gives equal weight to economic, social, and ecological factors, and respects ecological health
as the foundation for long-term human well-being. The thesis further concludes that small islands
like Dominica, because of their unique small island attributes such as relative isolation and small
physical size, can be of immense value in understanding complex social-ecological phenomena,
and, therefore, potential leaders in developing ways of living sustainably in the long-term.