title: Detection and typing of infectious salmon anemia virus, an orthomyxovirus by real-time RT-PCR

contributor: Kibenge, Frederick S.B. (Thesis advisor)

contributor: Markham, Fred (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hariharan, Harry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Nelson, Carolanne (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Nagy, Eva (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ikede, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 361 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Virology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) virus (ISAV), a member of the family  Orthomyxoviridae and the new genus Isavirus, is an economically significant fish pathogen in the Northern Hemisphere. The virus causes natural clinical disease in farmed Atlantic salmon and subclinical infections in both farmed and wild fish. It is generally believed that novel virulent ISAV strains emerge from these so-called background asymptomatic infections in wild fish and cause clinical disease in farmed Atlantic salmon. ISAV strains vary genetically and in their antigenicity and virulence. The molecular bases of antigenic variation and virulence in ISAV are not yet known. The highly polymorphic region (HPR) and/or presence of amino acid motifs such as 333NIT335, 349NQT 351 or 331FNTN334 in or close to the HPR of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein have been hypothesized to affect several biological properties including antigenicity and virulence of ISAV. The HPR is considered an important genotyping tool and epidemiological marker of ISAV strains. The limitations associated with the current ISAV detection procedures call for the development of rapid and sensitive methods that can detect, quantify and type ISAV isolates preferably in the context of ISAV antigenicity and virulence as well as assist in hypothesis-based investigations on host-virus interactions. The main aim of this study was to develop improved ISAV detection/typing methods and apply these methods to characterize ISAV isolates and investigate the connection, if any, between the HE/HPR genotypes and phenotypes of ISAV as a way to better understand the genetic determinants of ISAV virulence and antigenicity. For this purpose, a rapid, highly reproducible and sensitive one-tube real-time RT-PCR using SYBR Green chemistry and primers targeting the ISAV genomic segment 8 was developed that allowed quantitative detection of ISAV in biological samples; the assay was highly flexible in detecting ISAV isolates of different geographic origins and was found to be more sensitive than the conventional one-tube RT-PCR assay when compared on the same samples. The ability of ISAV isolates to cause CPE in the CHSE-214 cell line, viral titration of the infected CHSE-cell harvests, and temporal analysis of viral RNA levels in CHSE-214 cells at different post-infection times by SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR allowed the characterization of three CHSEphenotypes of ISAV: replicating cytopathic, replicating non-cytopathic, and non-replicating non-cytopathic; there does not appear to be any correlation between the HPR groups or sizes and the CHSE-phenotypes of ISAV. A genotyping approach consisting of conventional and the SYBR Green and probe-based real-time formats of single-tube RT-PCR was also developed that utilized genotype-specific primers and probes targeting the ISAV RNA segment 6. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the HE gene of ISAV isolates confirmed the existence of two ISAV HE genotypes. The conventional and SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assays allowed concurrent detection and differentiation of ISAV isolates into North American and European genotypes while three-hydrolysis probes)-real-time assays permitted not only rapid and specific classification of ISAV isolates into two genotypes but also simultaneously recognized ISAV isolates with amino acid motifs 333NIT335, 349NQT 351, and 331FNTN334 suggested to be functionally important. The melting curve analysis of SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR products allowed further differentiation of North American HPR20 and HPR21 groups with the potential to discriminate other HPRs that may differ significantly in their melting temperatures. Hemagglutination (HA)/elution tests were tailored to analyze the elution patterns of ISAV and the usefulness of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests was also explored for ISAV serotyping; ISAV isolates could be separated into two groups based on rabbit erythrocyte elution patterns, elution-positive and elution-negative group. The exact biological significance of elution patterns of ISAV is not known. A meaningful association between the elution pattern and HPR groups and/or presence of amino acid motifs  333NIT335, 349NQT351 and 331FNTN334 in the HE of ISAV could not be inferred. Further work involving a greater number of ISAV strains and RBCs of other species, particularly Atlantic salmon, is required to substantiate the usefulness of HA, elution and HI tests for the analysis of ISAV strains. The ISAV genotyping SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assay may be used as a screening method on infected materials from fish farms where the presence of both European and North American genotypes and multiple HPR groups of ISAV is suspected. The probe-based real-rime RT-PCR assays may assist in establishing the correlation, if any, between the presence or absence of amino acid motifs 333NIT 335, 349NQT351 and/or 331FNTN 334 and biological phenotypes of ISAV. The identification of three CHSE-phenotypes and/or elution patterns of ISAV may have important implications from a diagnostic and biological point of view.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6532.


title: Detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) in bovine semen by combined polymerase chain reaction and in vitro protein synthesis

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Richardson, Gavin (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Fredrickson, R. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 91 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) is a member of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. BHV 1 is an important cause of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and infectious pustular balanoposthitis. BHV 1 is frequently found in bovine semen and transmitted through artificial insemination. Semen is most likely contaminated during ejaculation by virus that is shed from the infected mucosa. Artificial insemination with BHV 1 contaminated semen can result in markedly reduced conception rates, shortened oestrous cycles, and endometritis. The linear-double stranded DNA genome of BHV 1 consists of approximately 140 kilobase pairs (kbp). Glycoprotein D (gD), a glycoprotein of 71kD, has been identified as a suitable candidate for the production of subunit vaccines, and as a major molecule on the surface of the virion and virus-infected cells. It induces a strong and consistent humoral and cellular immune response to BHV 1. The main objective of this study was to develop an improved method for detecting BHV 1 in bovine semen samples. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products amplified from the gD gene region of BHV 1 were transcribed and translated into gD peptides in an attempt to improve the sensitivity of direct virus detection in clinical samples. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 37-03, page: 0870.

abstract: Adviser: F. S. B. Kibenge.


title: Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus by polymerase chain reaction

contributor: Bellamy, J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Löfstedt, R. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 97 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Nucleic acid hybridization is becoming an increasingly powerful tool in virology. The invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has brought the sensitivity of nucleic acid detection system to a previously unreachable level. A large number of publications have described successful performance of PCR on DNA viruses and on RNA extracted from RNA viruses. But PCR detection of complete RNA virus particles has not been reported. In the present study, it was determined that the limiting factor in developing PCR for BVD virus was the instability of the viral RNA during the period between release from its protein coat and its reverse transcription. The combined use of the ribonuclease inhibitors diethyl pyrocarbonate and RNAde$\sp{\rm TM}$, protected viral RNA from digestion by ribonucleases and provided a template for the subsequent reverse transcription leading to the successful detection of BVD virus by PCR. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-03, page: 0661.


title: Detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus by polymerase chain reaction

contributor: Long, Ray (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Nijjar, Peter (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Spangler, Elizabeth (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 119 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: In this study, reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) was employed to detect infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in cell culture. A total of twelve viruses was used. Ten of these represent nine of ten strains of IPNV in serogroup A. TV-1 represents the only serotype of IPNV in serogroup B. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was used as a negative control, since it is a separate species in the same genus of Birnaviridae. The RT/PCR, with primers directed to amplify a 93-bp fragment at the 5$\sp\prime$ flanking region of genomic RNA of segment A of IPNV, detected all the IPN viruses in serogroup A but not the TV-1 strain and the IBDV. The specificity of the RT/PCR products was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot hybridization with a $\sp{32}$P labelled DNA probe. Optimization of the reaction conditions, such as the concentrations of Mg$\sp{++}$, K$\sp{+}$, primers and dNTPs, the reaction temperatures, and the number of PCR cycles, led to the sensitivity of the RT/PCR equal to 10$\sp{-2}$ TCID$\sb{50}$ by ethidium bromide-agarose gel, and 10$\sp{-4}$ TCID$\sb{50}$ by hybridization after Southern blot. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0548.


title: Determining relationships between milk urea nitrogen, feeding management, reproduction and environmental indicators in commercial dairy herds

contributor: Spangler, Liz (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Keefe, Greg (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Burton, Shelley (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 186 electronic application/pdf

subject: Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Cow-level milk urea nitrogen (MUN) is widely available for monthly milk testing on many dairy farms and therefore it provides an opportunity to be utilized as a predictor for other farm parameters if there was a clear understanding of the relationships between MUN and these parameters. This thesis examined the associations between MUN and reproductive performance, fecal nitrogen (N) and groundwater nitrate-nitrogen contamination in order to determine whether MUN was indicative of reduced reproductive performance or elevated fecal N or groundwater nitrate-N. The perceived and actual utility of MUN as an effective tool for monitoring protein and energy imbalances in dairy cows was also investigated.

abstract: The first analysis utilized mixed logistic regression models to evaluate the association between first service breeding success (FSBS) and the MUN test value closest to first service, using all herds that were receiving MUN testing on Prince Edward Island (PEI), controlling for clustering effects of cows within the 186 study herds. High MUN concentrations were associated with decreased odds of pregnancy at first service in commercial dairy herds. A change in MUN from 10 to 20 mg/dl was associated with a 14.3% reduction in the odds of first service conception, while controlling for the negative effect of milk production (and other possible confounders) on FSBS. Parity 4 plus cows had significantly worse breeding success than parity 1, 2 and 3 cows. The odds of conception increased as days in milk (DIM) at service date increased.

abstract: A second analysis on the association between MUN and reproductive performance was conducted, with similar methodology but using 83 of the 186 herds. These 83 herds were part of an intensive analysis of the relationship between MUN and nutritional data, in order to allow us to control for nutritional factors as well. This second analysis also showed that increasing MUN levels were negatively associated with fertility of dairy cows, as measured by FSBS. In this analysis, MUN levels were categorized into 2 groups (high and low groups) based on an obvious cut point in the data. The high group, which had MUN concentrations above 15.5 mg/dl, had a detrimental effect on FSBS (OR = 0.63), even after controlling for herd effects and other significant risk factors, including nutritional factors. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: B, page: 4453.

abstract: Advisers: John VanLeeuwen; Ian Dohoo.


title: Swine ascariasis effect on production and abattoir surveillance

contributor:
Bernardo, Theresa M. (author)
Dohoo, Ian (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

subject: Engineering, General

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07.


title: An examination of the development path taken by Small Island Developing States: Jamaica a case study

contributor:
Ahmed, S. Faiz (author)
Nagarajan, Palanisamy (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 116 electronic application/pdf

subject: History, Latin American

subject: Sociology, Social Structure and Development

abstract: Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are threatened by myriad of economic, environmental, and social issues, most of which are structural in nature and beyond the control of SIDS. To date, SIDS have collectively and unanimously endorsed only one policy document that comprehensively addresses these issues, and outlines a strategy that seeks to mitigate the vulnerabilities facing islands. This document is the 1994 United Nations Programme of Action on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (BPOA). However, close to a decade and a half after the implementation of the BPOA, SIDS continue to be extremely vulnerable to the issues identified in the blueprint for development; indicating that even though SIDS policy makers are acutely aware of the vulnerabilities and long-term threats facing their islands, there exists an inconsistency between the goals outlined in the development plans SIDS governments have collectively negotiated, drafted, and implemented; and the outcomes SIDS are collectively experiencing. In order to investigate this issue, this paper seeks to elucidate the ideological inconsistencies in the development process SIDS have embarked upon. By undertaking an analysis of the BPOA, it is shown that the concept of sustainable development has been conceived primarily through the lens of economic growth as a means to improve the quality of life for island peoples. To this end, we place particular emphasis on Jamaica's path towards development and document the islands ecological-history, as well as follow the major trends in Jamaica's economy, environment, and society since the islands independence, but particularly since the adoption of the BPOA. The central thesis of this paper is that SIDS are trapped into perpetuating a mode of development that is increasing their economic, environmental, and social vulnerabilities.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3319.


title: An exploration of the experiences of four gifted children in the Western School Board of Prince Edward Island

contributor: Timmons, Vianne (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Favaro, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 127 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Elementary
Education, Curriculum and Instruction

abstract: This research is a qualitative study that uses the case study approach to explore the experiences of gifted students in the Western School Board of Prince Edward Island. Prince Edward Island does not formally identify gifted students and does not have any programs directed towards gifted students. Four middle school students, 2 females and 2 males, were asked to participate in this research study along with their parents. The students were identified by their teachers as having outstanding talents relative to their peers in mathematics, language arts, French, and music, which satisfies the United States Department of Education definition of giftedness (1993). Semi-structured interviews with the participants, the students and their parents, resulted in several common themes emerging. Despite finding school boring at times, which is a common experience for gifted students (Gallagher, 1997; Kanevsky & Keighley, 2003), the student participants generally found school very enjoyable. A vibrant extracurricular life seemed to be very important to these students and added enjoyment to their school life. The student participants had never been challenged by anything they encountered in the educational system; they all expressed a desire for more challenge in their school work. Except for one student who had taken part in a pull-out enrichment program in elementary school, none of the students had experienced a differentiation of instruction (Tomlinson, 2002). None of the students had been formally identified as being gifted or academically talented and they did not report any significant differences in the ways they were taught compared with their classmates.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1216.


title: An investigation into potential emamectin benzoate resistance mechanisms in sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis

contributor:
Tribble, Nicholas Daniel (author)
Burka, John (Thesis advisor)
Kibenge, Fred (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 217 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Molecular
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Due to the limited chemotherapeutic options available, there is a continued reliance on emamectin benzoate (EMB) for the control of sea lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation on farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar), making resistance development a major concern. Previous studies indicate target site mutations and/or over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) to be the predominant mechanisms involved in the development of an avermectin resistance phenotype. This study primarily focused on the expression of P-gp in sea lice and its potential role in EMB resistance development. Two candidate genes, SL0525 and SL-Pgp1, were identified in sea lice from a sea lice expressed sequence tag (EST) database and RT-PCR on total RNA, respectively. Western blot analysis using mammalian P-gp-specific monoclonal antibodies, C219 and JSB-1, and the polyclonal antibody against SL0525 generated a signal at 160kDa which resembled P-gp with respect to the expected molecular mass. Immunohistochemistry using these antibodies localized P primarily in sea lice intestinal epithelial layer. The optimized Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry methods offer novel tools for detection of P-gp in sea lice in future studies. Real time RT-PCR was used to examine both SL0525 and SL-P mRNA levels in response to EMB exposure. The results of this study demonstrated significantly increased levels of both SL0525 and SL-Pgp1 in sea lice exposed to 10ppb EMB for 24 hours. These results represent the first evidence of increased levels of putative P-gps in L. salmonis in response to a xenobiotic, in this case EMB. This study is also the first to examine expression levels of P-gp in a parasitic organism in response to drug exposure using Q-RT-PCR. The information gained from this project-like immunoreactivity is the first evidence of P-gp expression in sea lice and the methods developed in this study allow for the detection of its over-expression, should resistance to EMB develop. In this study we also identified the genes for avermectin target sites, GluCl and GABA-gated chloride channel alpha subunits. These genes showed a high level of homology to their respective counterparts in other organisms and phylogenetic analysis also grouped these receptors within their respective channels. These receptor subunits are the primary binding regions for avermectins. The isolation of a GluCl-gated chloride channel gene in sea lice is the first to be identified in a crustacean species. Further identification of receptor polymorphisms in sea lice populations will assist in detecting resistance to avermectin resistance due to altered target sites. Additionally, receptor characterization will facilitate improved therapeutic efficacy. The knowledge gained from this study can be transferred to aquaculture to offer both surveillance methods for the early detection of resistance, and possibly advice for alternative treatments. Decreasing the selection pressure for such resistance, thus maintaining EMB use in an already limited available drug pool, is therefore important for the Atlantic salmon industry.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6492.


title: An investigation of sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) in northeastern Prince Edward Island

contributor: van den Heuvel, Mike (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Keppie, Dan (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 155 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Ecology
Biology, Zoology
Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife

abstract: This study investigated aspects of the ecology of the sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus), an exotic gallinaceous bird, on a landscape spatial scale. The study evaluated limiting factors of three requirements for population integrity and survival: the availability of lek sites, landscape level suitability including nesting/brood cover, and winter food supply. The study took place in northeastern Prince Edward Island (PEI). The overall objective of this project was to determine if there is a self sustaining population of sharp-tailed grouse on the Island.

abstract: The study methods included two principle elements: a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis of habitat requirements, and field surveys during the courtship season and critical winter period. The GIS analysis identified sharp-tailed grouse habitat based on published habitat metrics. The field program consisted of 1) lek identification using courtship vocalizations and visual observations to locate leks; 2) lek surveys to determine the number of territorial males per lek and to estimate population size, and 3) track, scat and visual observations to determine winter habitat use.

abstract: During the study four leks were found. The number of displaying male sharp-tailed grouse observed ranged from 3 to 27. Three of the four leks were associated with commercial blueberry growing areas. The GIS analysis showed that there were many potential lek sites in northeastern PEI but areas capable of supporting sharp-tailed grouse were limited by of the amount of forest. Winter habitat is not likely limiting grouse populations. Based on the observations of this study, the sharp-tailed grouse population is unlikely to be self-sustaining over a long period.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2222.


title: Analysis and purification of domoic acid from the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), its relationship to toxicity and effects on calcium uptake

subject: Engineering, General


title: Analysis of simulated outbreak data and spatial analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza for preparedness planning and policy

contributor: Vanleeuwen, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sanchez, Javier (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 126 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Health Sciences, Public Health
Health Sciences, Epidemiology

abstract: The first objective of this research was to develop and evaluate an approach to analyze and communicate the results of a large number of simulated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) to decision-makers and policy-makers, using the North American Animal Disease Spread Model (NAADSM), and to make recommendations on the most effective HPAI control policy for Ontario, Canada, specifically, on the effect of stamping-out and ring-culling strategies on the magnitude of an HPAI outbreak. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of the number of farms infected for each scenario. Interaction plots were developed from the output of the negative binomial regression analysis, to facilitate communication of simulation results to policy-makers and to analyze the relationship between movement restrictions and destruction strategy. Negative binomial regression analysis was appropriate for handling the right-skewed count data of the simulated HPAI outbreaks in Ontario, while interaction plots were an appropriate visualization tool for communication to policy-makers. For policy development, the modeling results suggested that stamping-out of the infected/detected flocks, without ring-culling, in combination with movement restrictions on direct and indirect contacts, would be the most appropriate policy for Ontario.

abstract: The second objective was to compare the results of simulated outbreaks of HPAI using randomly generated point locations and flock sizes and compare the results to those obtained when real data, for Ontario, Canada, were used. The NAADSM requires farm point locations and flock sizes; however, real location data are often unavailable. Therefore random location and flock size datasets are typically used. Three datasets were developed consisting of: 1) a real-industry dataset - real flock size and location data; 2) a "random-industry" dataset - using industry data for random point locations and flock sizes; and 3) a "random-census" dataset - using Statistics Canada agricultural census data for randomly generated point locations and industry data for flock sizes. Four production types were used (commercial chicken meat, commercial eggs, commercial turkey, and hobby poultry) for the analyses. Four outbreak scenarios were investigated for comparison of the real data versus both sets of randomly generated data, considering both a weighted median and weighted maximum number of contacts per day between farms, including various control strategy options (e.g. movement restrictions and destruction strategies). Negative binomial regression analysis and a Kolmogorov-smirnov (K-S) equality-of-distributions test were carried out to determine if any significant difference existed between the three datasets. For both tests, in the majority of the scenarios, there were significant differences between the datasets. The main difference was the real data had a larger maximum number of farms infected compared to the two random datasets, when a median contact structure was used but not when a maximum contact structure was used. Overall, under the conditions set in this particular study, randomly generated flock size and location data were found to be a suitable replacement for real-industry data.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2368.

abstract: Advisers: Javier Sanchez; John VanLeeuwen.


title: Anti-cancer activities of Vaccinium macrocarpon: Apoptosis induction and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition

contributor: Hurta, Robert (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Gottschall-Pass, Katherine (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lacroix, Christian (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 178 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Molecular
Health Sciences, Oncology

abstract: Increasingly, dietary intervention is being used as a means of preventing the onset or delaying the development of cancer. Targets of such intervention often include cell death pathways and the mechanisms responsible for cancer invasion and metastasis. Previously, research has identified the North American Cranberry's (Vaccinium macrocarpon) apoptosis-inducing and invasion-limiting activities in a variety of tumour cell lines, though little work has been conducted to determine the mechanisms responsible for these anticancer activities. The work presented in this thesis serves to elucidate some of those mechanisms by evaluating the effects of cranberry phytochemicals on DU145 human prostate adenocarcinoma and MDAMB-231 human breast carcinoma cells. Briefly, it was found that treating DU145 cells with cranberry extracts induces apoptotic cell death through caspase-8-mediated cleavage of Bid to truncated Bid, resulting in the release of apoptogenic factors from the mitochondria and the subsequent activation of caspase-9—ultimately resulting in PARP inhibition and an increase in cytoplasmic nucleosome enrichment (hallmarks of apoptosis). Furthermore, cranberry has also been observed to directly inhibit the gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases as well as impairing their secretion from DU145 and MDA-MB-231 cells. This study has thus elucidated some of the mechanisms responsible for cranberry's induction of programmed cell death and inhibition of MMP activity, and has thus established the potential value of cranberry phytochemicals in the development of novel chemopreventative strategies.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3422.


title: Assessing the impacts of stream habitat and land use variables on population and community structure of salmonids of Prince Edward Island

contributor: Giberson, Donna (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 176 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Ecology
Environmental Sciences
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: To determine the impact of land use practices and run-off events on salmonid communities, I examined salmonid populations (Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) at twenty-seven sites on nine rivers located across Prince Edward Island throughout the summers of 2001 and 2002. Multiple regression models were developed using various stream and watershed characteristics to predict biotic variables (density, percent habitat saturation, and condition factors) and stable isotope values. Five rivers were sampled in 2002 to use in a cross-validation study to test the models. Six models were developed (brook trout density, variability in total density, total percent habitat saturation, variability in total percent habitat saturation, 1 + brook trout condition factor, and δ15N values). Although all models explained a significant proportion of the variability in the nine original rivers (r2 values ranging from 0.374 to 0.985), only that describing δ 15N values proved valid when tested in the cross-validation study.

abstract: Two pesticide runoff events resulting in the death of thousands of salmonids occurred 9 July and 19 July 2002 on the Wilmot River, one of the nine original rivers. Five additional sampling sites were added after the second pesticide runoff event to better determine the extent and effects of the pesticide runoff. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0485.

abstract: Advisers:  K. Teather; D. Guignion.


title: Assessing the needs of people living with cancer on Prince Edward Island: A psychosocial approach

contributor:
Classen, Shannon J. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 130 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Psychology, Social
Health Sciences, Public Health
Health Sciences, Oncology

abstract: The needs of 139 people living with cancer in Prince Edward Island were examined in this cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study. Primarily close-ended telephone interviews were used to identify the informational, practical and financial, as well as emotional, spiritual, and social needs of cancer patients. Level of health care service accessibility, the degree and desired mechanism in which needs are being, and can be, met were also explored. Overall, information needs ranked high among cancer patients in Prince Edward Island. Over half of patients expressed a need for several types of information. The two most common places patients look for information are health care professionals (66%) and the Internet (50%), and patients prefer to receive information via pamphlets and written materials (86%). Managing side effects such as pain, nausea, and fatigue (30%) was the most often reported practical need, as well as the most often reported unmet practical need (40%). Between 25% and 30% of patients reported several needs related to emotional, spiritual and social concerns, with roughly half of patients stating that these needs had not been met. Over half of participants (57%) indicated that they would like to receive support through individual visits with a cancer survivor, or through access to a central staff person that could guide cancer patients through their cancer experience (53%). Many patients stated that their health care services needs were accessible all of the time.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1772.


title: Assessing the toxicity of Prince Edward Island stream sediments using Asian medaka embryolarval bioassays

contributor: Sweeney-Nixon, Marva (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 111 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Ecology
Environmental Sciences

abstract: Soil erosion and the sedimentation of streams have become major environmental concerns on Prince Edward Island (PEI). I conducted two experiments examining the potential toxicity of aquatic sediments. In the first experiment, I developed a methodology of exposing fish to sediment and assessed the relative toxicity of refrigerated and frozen sediments, both of which are commonly used storage conditions. Indian medaka (Oryzias dancena) embryos were used to conduct experiments on sediments collected from three sites on the Wilmot River (a watershed that contains mostly agriculture) and one site on the West River (a watershed that contains more forest than agriculture).

abstract: In the second experiment, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were used to assess the relative toxicity of sediment from the Wilmot River sites, one control site on Priest Pond Creek (within a watershed containing little agriculture), and one control group containing only embryo-rearing solution. This experiment was conducted in order to determine if Wilmot River sediments are accumulating toxic concentrations of agricultural related contaminants. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1279.


title: Assessing the toxicity of aquatic sediments using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryolarval bioassays

contributor: van den Heuvel, Michael R. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Quijon, Pedro (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 115 electronic application/pdf

subject: Environmental Health

abstract: Soil erosion from agricultural fields is a major environmental concern on Prince Edward Island (PEI). The Wilmot River watershed is one of the most intensively farmed regions of PEI with approximately 77% of its land designated to agriculture. The main objectives of this study were to test techniques that would provide more effective and reliable analysis of aquatic sediments. These techniques were used in two initial experiments; the first to assess different sediment storage methods and the second to assess the toxicity of three different carrier solvents.

abstract: The first experiment assessed different storage methods of field collected sediment. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to Wilmot River sediments that had been refrigerated, frozen, and freeze-dried. Hatching success, time to hatch, length at hatch, and developmental abnormalities were used as endpoints. Medaka exposed to freeze-dried sediments had a drastic reduction in hatching with only 2 of 72 individuals surviving to hatch. There were no significant differences found between medaka exposed to refrigerated or frozen stored sediments with 75% and 69.4% of embryos hatching, respectively. These results indicate that short term freezing does not increase the toxicity of sediments and that freeze-drying is not an appropriate method of storage for sediments to be used in bioassays.

abstract: In the second experiment, Japanese medaka embryos were used to assess the toxicity of three different carrier solvents, ethanol, methanol and acetone. Heart rate, hatching success, time to hatch, length at hatch, and developmental abnormalities were used as endpoints. This was conducted in order to select the most appropriate carrier solvent for sediment extracts to be used when comparing the toxicity of Wilmot River sediments from different sites or time points. Methanol proved to be the least toxic to medaka. With increasing concentrations, individuals exposed to ethanol and acetone exhibited delayed heart rate, reduced hatching success, and delayed time to hatch.

abstract: Finally the sediment toxicity of an upstream site (8 I) and a downstream site (82) in a river heavily impacted by agriculture (the Wilmot River) was compared. The rate of developmental abnormalities from the downstream site was also compared with results from a previous study done on at the same site on the Wilmot River in 2005. Medaka exposed to downstream sediments showed decreased hatching success, increased time to hatch, and decreased length at hatching when compared to upstream spring sediments. When compared to results from a similar study done in 2005 there were fewer developmental abnormalities. When exposed to sediment extracts from the 2005 study as well as the present study, medaka exhibited no signs of exposure to toxicants. Pesticide analysis showed trace amounts of several pesticides (e.g. linuron and imidacloprid), with concentrations varying between the years. Analysis of metals (copper, cadmium, and zinc) showed that levels of all three remained constant between the two time points. The techniques assessed here represent a substantial contribution to our knowledge of aquatic sediment analysis.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-06, page: 3585.


title: Assessment of a displacement technique for the estimation of the biomass of fish in a closed tank

contributor: Johnson, G. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ogilvie, T. (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 113 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Ecology
Biology, Zoology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The sensitivity and commercial applicability of an innovative technique that estimates the total biomass of fish in a closed tank was investigated. The procedure involves adding a known quantity of inert marker to a rank of known volume and allowing it to mix completely. The amount of free water in the tank is calculated from the concentration of the marker in the water. This volume is subtracted from the total tank volume, yielding the fish biomass for that tank.

abstract: Food Drugs and Cosmetics No. 1 (FD&C Blue No. 1), a triphenylmethane colour, showed better stability than three other candidates.

abstract: FD&C No. 1 was determined to be non-toxic to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus).

abstract: A comparison was made between two physical forms (granular and powder) of FD&C No. 1. The granules gave more accurate results than the powder.

abstract: A field survey on four different biomass calculation strategies--mass weighing (standard), dip-net sampling, specific growth rate estimation, and water displacement technique--was performed. Statistical evidence showed that (1) dip-netting yielded random samples, (2) the water displacement technique yielded positively biased estimates of the true fish biomass, and (3) biomass estimation through specific growth rate was reliable. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 31-04, page: 1689.


title: Assessment of antimicrobial resistance in marine environments of Prince Edward Island using a selected bacterial group

contributor: Uhland, Carl (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kibenge, Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hammell, Larry (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ikede, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 181 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the aquatic environment is a common concern associated with urban, industrial and farm effluents. Naturally resistant bacteria have also been reported from environments without anthropogenic influence. Different approaches have been done to evaluate AMR in marine environments mostly assessing the frequency of resistance (FR) of a wide variety of heterotrophic bacteria. The study of a particular group of bacteria and the understanding of the different factors that influence AMR in marine environments would contribute in developing a more accurate method of assessment. The main objective of this thesis was to select a bacterium or a specific group of bacteria able to be used for assessing the level of AMR in different marine environments. Bacterial flora from 18 duplicated samples of sediments and pooled mussels from 3 different marine sites of Prince Edward Island, obtained during 2 seasons, were prescreened in the selective media Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Sucrose (TCBS) containing 50 μg/mL oxytetracycline (OTC) and FRs were obtained. Screened bacteria were identified by means of 3 different methods: conventional, automated (Biolog®) and analysis of 16S rDNA sequence similarity. Finally, the susceptibility of selected bacteria to 19 antibiotics was assessed using disk diffusion tests and interpreted according to season and the bacterial genus. The FR values significantly varied with the site (P < 0.001), type of sample (P < 0.001) and season (P = 0.01). During the warm season, FR values were highest in sediments of the urban-influenced site (78.9%) and in mussels of the mussel-abundant site (68.1%). Anthropogenic pollution, in the former site, and mussel bacterial selection, in the latter site, are believed to influence the FR values. However, in general, cold temperatures appeared to select for OTC-resistant bacteria. From these results, the bacterial flora from sediments appears to be a more accurate indicator of the FR to OTC in marine environments. Complementary information gained from different methods allowed the identification of the bacterial isolates to level of genus in most cases. The genera Vibrio and Shewanella constituted the majority of the bacterial flora from mussels and sediments, respectively, in which V. splendidus appeared to be common at all sites. More than 90% of all isolates showed non susceptibility to streptomycin. Almost 45% of the isolates had intermediate susceptibility to erythromycin, whereas up to 25% of the isolates showed non susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, carbenicillin, cephalothin, oxolinic acid, gentamicin and amikacin. All isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, some fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, potentiated sulfonamides, and phenicols. The percentage of non susceptible isolates to streptomycin was high and constant regardless of the season and bacterial genus in contrast to other antibiotics. Among  Shewanella isolates, higher percentages of non susceptibility were mostly observed in those recovered during the warm season whereas among  Vibrio isolates the percentages of non susceptible isolates were similar in both seasons and generally higher than for Shewanella isolates. Vibrio isolates were more frequently non susceptible to multiple antibiotics than Shewanella isolates. The susceptibility of all the isolates to the tetracyclines suggests that although 50 μg/mL OTC exerted some degree of selectivity in TCBS the selected flora has only a low level resistance. The E test showed that the activity of OTC is significantly decreased in TCBS in comparison to Mueller-Hinton agar 1.5% NaCl and that  Shewanella tolerates higher concentrations of OTC than Vibrio  isolates in both media but more efficiently in TCBS.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-03, page: 1377.


title: Assessment of functional neuroprotection in a rat model of neonatal stroke

contributor: Bate, Luis (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Robertson, George (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 174 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Neuroscience

abstract: One type of neonatal stroke, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), represents a major cause of brain damage in the human term neonate. There have been relatively few studies published to date that assess the neurobehavioural consequences associated with HIE, or use behavioural studies in rats to investigate potential therapies for HIE. To address this issue, we conducted two separate studies. First, we subjected neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to an episode of unilateral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) (modified Levine method) and tested both neonatal and adult animals in a behavioural battery developed "in house." This battery consisted of various physical and sensory developmental, neuromotor and cognitive assessments. Preliminary analysis revealed a significant difference between male and female animals on a number of these assessments and all subsequent analyses were conducted separately for males and females. Results revealed a significant difference between HI and sham animals on neuromotor (pivoting, forelimb grip strength and, wire mesh ascending) and cognitive tests (spontaneous alternation, radial arm maze and, Morris Water Maze) with HI animals exhibiting deficits in each of these assessments.

abstract: Second, using the same surgical method and behavioural test battery deemed sensitive to detecting functional deficits following neonatal HI from the first study, we assessed the neuroprotection offered by a single high dose of erythropoietin. Immediately following hypoxia, postnatal day (pnd) 7 SD rats were administered recombinant murine erythropoietin (rmEPO; 5,000 U/kg i.p.). Results revealed that EPO offered only moderate protection in physical developmental and cognitive assessments and that these effects were different between male and female animals. Further, there was no observed protection offered in assessments of sensorimotor (both male and female) or neuromotor (males; negative geotaxis) abilities. Post-mortem measures of lesion area and brain morphology revealed that EPO did not offer significant structural neuroprotection although there was a trend towards moderate protection offered by EPO in male animals.

abstract: In conclusion, the results from these two studies show that neonatal SD rats subjected to HI exhibit various functional deficits and structural damage that can be used to measure neuroprotection. Administration of the putative neuroprotective compound, EPO, in the present dosage regime however, does not appear to offer significant long-term functional or structural neuroprotection.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-03, page: 1396.


title: Assessment of the mastitis situation in Canada

contributor:
Olde Riekerink, Richard G. M. (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 300 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: The reason for initiation of the studies described in this thesis is that the Canadian Bovine Mastitis Research Network needed to acquire knowledge of the distribution of mastitis pathogens across Canada to before starting projects to improve the udder health status of the national dairy herd. The aims of this thesis were, therefore, to estimate: (1) the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (IRCM) and pathogen-specific IRCM per region on Canadian dairy farms and the association of pathogen-specific IRCM with bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) and barn type; (2) associations of risk factors with overall and pathogen-specific IRCM on Canadian dairy farms; (3) the adoption proportion of recommended mastitis preventive management practices on Canadian dairy farms; (4) the herd-level prevalence of contagious mastitis pathogens; and (5) associations of certain management practices with the isolation of contagious mastitis pathogens from bulk tank milk. Overall mean IRCM was 22 cases per 100 cow-years in the selected herds. There was no association between BMSCC and overall IRCM, but Escherichia coli and culture-negative IRCM was highest in low and medium BMSCC herds. Herds in Ontario and Quebec had the highest IRCM, and herds in the Western provinces had the lowest IRCM. The most frequently isolated pathogens from clinical mastitis in Canada were Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Streptococcus uberis, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Escherichia coli IRCM was relatively higher in Ontario than in other regions, but Streptococcus dysgalactiae IRCM was highest in Québec.  Staphylococcus aureus is present in bulk tank milk of nearly all Canadian dairy farms, whereas Streptococcus agalactiae may be near extinction in Canada. Adoption of most of these recommended mastitis management practices is high in Canadian dairy herds. We demonstrated that season had an effect on all udder health parameters, BMSCC, individual cow somatic cell count (ICSCC), and IRCM. And finally, that quarter SCC fluctuates during and between milking which has consequences for implementing udder health programs that use lCSCC to identify cows with an intramammary infection. The Canadian mastitis control program should not only focus on reducing  Staph. aureus and information transfer, but should also find ways to motivate producers to implement these practices.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6530.


title: Attention span of grade nine athletic and non-athletic students

contributor: Hopkirk, Gerry (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 70 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Educational Psychology

abstract: This study examines whether there is a difference in attention span when comparing athletes and non-athletes. The specific research questions studied are: (1) Do grade nine athletes have a better attention span than non-athletes? (2) Does the gender difference in grade nine play a role in the athletes' and non-athletes' attention spans? (3) Is there a significant difference between verbal attention span and spatial attention span for both athletes and non-athletes? Forty grade nine students were chosen for this study. The subjects consisted of ten male grade nine basketball players, ten female grade nine basketball players, ten male grade nine non-athletes and ten female grade nine non-athletes. The type of sampling used in this research was purposeful sampling. The instruments used in this research were verbal and spatial tasks which were used to assess attention span. Each task was performed on an individual basis with the researcher. The data was collected over a three-day period. The statistical analysis of the research was conducted using descriptive analysis, t-tests, and one and two-way analysis of variance. It was found that this research does not indicate that there are significant differences in all the dependent variable areas between athletes and non-athletes that were tested through the spatial and verbal tasks used. However, in some of the variables such as the consistency of recurring verbal and spatial spans, there were significant differences, which indicates that further research is needed in order to pursue solutions to the questions that have arisen.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-04, page: 0824.


title: Attrition in late French immersion:  Discussions with six students

contributor: Heydon, Rachel (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 143 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Language and Literature
Education, Administration

abstract: This qualitative, exploratory research examined the experiences of 6 intermediate level students from one school who began Late French Immersion (LFI) in Grade 7 but who transferred out of the program into the regular English program. The researcher examined the reasons that led the students to make the switch into the regular English program. The study also aimed to determine how the students were performing once the transfer had been made. Two semi-structured, open-ended interviews, each lasting approximately 30–45 minutes, were conducted with each of the participants. Data analysis was conducted by means of thematic content analysis and the themes and patterns that emerged were categorized into 3 macro-categories, each containing 3–4 micro-categories. The data suggested that the three primary reasons for transferring out of LFI were (1) the perception that the participants were academically inferior to many of their classmates; (2) the belief that they would be more academically successful in the regular English program; and (3) the desire to be with their friends in the regular English program. Other factors such as teacher-student relationships and shared responsibility were also discussed. In general, the participants reported being happier once the transfer had been made into the English program and were performing better academically than they had in LFI.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0363.

abstract: Adviser:  Miles Turnbull.


title: Beef cow/calf productivity and farm manager characteristics

contributor: Donald, Alan (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Curtis, Bob (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Dohoo, Ian (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Morely, Randy (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Ogilvie, Tim (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Percival, Beth (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 161 electronic application/pdf

subject: Psychology, Industrial

subject: Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: A survey was conducted to determine the level of health and productivity on P.E.I. beef cow/calf farms, and to determine the sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of beef herd managers most likely to adopt health management. The large variation in disease treatments between farms was partly due to real differences in disease levels and partly due to differences in the ways that farm managers detected and treated disease.

abstract: Incidence density was explored as an alternative method for measuring health and productivity. Using cumulative incidence, cows and heifers were distinguished strictly on the basis of parity, while age was the sole criterion for differentiating between the two with incidence density.

abstract: A personal interview survey of 36 beef herd managers was used to develop a model that uses farm manager characteristics to predict the use of health management on beef cow/calf farms. The farmers most likely to use health management had smaller farms, had at least some purebred cattle, were young and well educated, considered their beefherd important, worked off-farm and participated in continuing education, and liked to work independently. Farmers who raised purebred cattle and worked off-farm were more likely to use health management than commercial producers who worked off-farm. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 31-02, page: 0673.


title: Beginning to write with word processing: A qualitative exploration of primary students' writing with word processing

contributor:
Van Leeuwen, Charlene Anne (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 151 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Language and Literature
Education, Elementary
Education, Technology of

abstract: This study was a qualitative exploration of the environment of beginning writers using word processors as a writing tool. Students from three primary level classrooms in Prince Edward Island participated. Each class was observed five to eight times over an eight month period during the 2001–2003 school year. Information was gathered in the form of field notes and audio tape transcripts from several classroom observation sessions, student and teacher interviews, student writing samples and a parent survey to obtain information on participants' interest and experiences with computers. Emerging themes from the analysis of the data suggest that there are a combination of influences at work. These include: (1) changes in the classroom culture with regard to tolerance of student talk during writing sessions; (2) the length and characteristics of student-teacher interactions; and (3) teacher instructional practices about writing with and without a word processor. Different aspects of the physical environment where the students wrote—classroom or computer lab—were found to have the potential to influence students' writing behavior and possibly the written work produced. Student writing behavior using word processors and pencil and paper reveal differences in planning and reading and re-reading of the work in progress. Analysis of the writing samples revealed that while handwritten texts were generally longer, there appeared to be no significant differences in the writing quality. The parent survey revealed that almost all of the student participants had some form of computer experience and there appeared to be no significant difference in their interest in computers regardless of gender. In view of these findings, some considerations for teachers interested in best classroom practices for integrating use of word processors into primary grade writing curricula are discussed.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 42-02, page: 0383.

abstract: Adviser: Martha Gabriel.


title: Behavioural and physiological effects of 915 MHz microwave radiation on weaner pigs

contributor:
Foote, Kimberley Dianne (author)
Bate, Luis (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

abstract: Microwave radiation (915 MHz) was investigated as a form of supplemental heat for early weaned pigs. Infrared lamps were used as the industry control. Behavioural parameters including aggressive behaviour and activity level as well as average daily gain (ADG) were used as an indication of piglet health and welfare upon exposure to microwaves. Microwave exposure was found to cause a power level-dependent decrease in activity level (P < 0.05) in weaner pigs which diminished over a three week period of exposure. Average daily gain was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by microwave exposure. No evidence of beat strew or discomfort was displayed by pigs in either treatment. Daily percent resting time was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with microwave power level, room temperature and skin temperature.

abstract: A subsequent study was carried out to investigate the basis of the microwave induced depression of activity. Serial blood samples were taken over a 24 hr period and plasma cortisol, glucose and melatonin levels were determined. Microwave radiation was found to induce a power level-dependent increase ( P < 0.05) in plasma melatonin and glucose concentrations. However, plasm cortisol concentrations were similar for microwave and infrared-exposed pigs (P > 0.05) indicating that microwaves were not causing stress-induced changes in behaviour or plasm melatonin and glucose.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 38-05, page: 1239.

abstract: Adviser:  Louis Bate.


title: Belonging in community: The positive best-lived experiences of attending a small, elementary school

contributor:
Albrecht, Frances M. (author)
Fiona, O'Donoghue (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)
(Examination Committee Member)

format: electronic 121 application/pdf


title: Binding characteristics of emamectin benzoate to the putative glutamate-gated chloride channels of Lepeophtheirus salmonis

contributor:
Young, Paul Douglas (author)
Burka, John (Thesis advisor)
Kibenge, Fred (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 108 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Molecular
Health Sciences, Pharmacology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The objective of the present study was to analyze some of the binding characteristics of emamectin benzoate (EMB) to the glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCl) of the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis.  This drug is used to control sea lice infestation in farmed Atlantic salmon.

abstract: Membranes from both sea lice and the CHSE-214 cell line were used in a binding assay to determine binding characteristics. The putative gene encoding the GluCl of L. salmonis was transfected into the cell line. The assay involved incubating the membranes at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 nM of [3H]EMB for a minimum of two hours at 15°C and then terminating the reaction by filtration through glass fibre filter paper. The radioactivity of the protein retained on the filter paper was measured using a liquid scintillation counter. The calculated dissociation constant (KD) of EMB on membranes extracted from the sea lice was 1.377 ± 0.205 nM. No binding was detected in the cell line membranes, and no GluClα protein was detected by Western blotting, indicating a potential inability of the CHSE cells to express GluCl. Binding assays were repeated on the membranes extracted from sea lice at 5°C and 20°C. The KD calculated at these temperatures was 1.921 ± 0.715 nM and 1.578 ± 0.145 nM respectively. There was no significant change in the KD, but there was an increase in nonspecific binding at 5°C which resulted in high variability. The maximum number of receptors bound (BMAX) was 9.049 ± 0.464 pmol/mg of protein at 15°C, 8.588 ± 0.268 pmol/mg of protein at 20°C, and 9.642 ± 0.822 pmol/mg at 5°C.

abstract: One of the potential mechanisms of EMB resistance development in sea lice involves a reduction or loss of drug affinity for the GluCl receptor due to a mutation which changes the conformation of the avermectin binding site. This study confirmed the presence of one or more binding sites in the membrane of the sea lice and provided a measurement of the level of affinity. This site may correspond to a GluClα receptor. The results indicate that temperature has no significant effect on the affinity of the drug to the substrate. These data, coupled with a cell line expressing the GluCl receptor, can be used to develop a model to determine whether or not affinity is a cause for loss of sensitivity in resistant organisms.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3543.


title: Biochemical and behavioural indicators of sensory perception in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

contributor: Burka, John (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 189 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Animal Physiology
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: The objectives of this current study were: (a) to quantify the biochemical and behavioural responses of Atlantic salmon to different external stimuli, and (b) to determine if different classes of stimuli elicit reproducibly distinct responses.

abstract: The study was divided into two replicate experiments each employing 18 adult Atlantic salmon (0.9-1.5 kg). Chronic indwelling cannulae were surgically implanted into the dorsal aorta of two fish from each section. The cannulae of one fish (experimental) extended to the surface of the water for purposes of repeated blood sampling. The second cannulated fish received a shorter closed cannula and was employed as a replacement fish. The third remaining fish within the section was designated as the control.

abstract: Circulating levels of plasma cortisol, catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) and plasma glucose were measured and analysed during four different time periods: Baseline 1 (before surgery), Post-surgery, Baseline 2 (after surgery), and Experimental. Concurrently, Atlantic salmon movement and interactive behaviours were video-recorded and quantified. The Experimental period involved exposing each experimental fish to a non-mechanical (light, formalin) or mechanical (pinch, probe) stimulus according to a random schedule over a five week period.

abstract: Evidence of the stressful effects of surgery was observed in the biochemical data. Plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations were elevated significantly following catheterization of the dorsal aorta. Concentrations returned to baseline within 24 hours. Plasma catecholamines were not elevated significantly.

abstract: The behavioural and biochemical changes during the experimental period varied according to the stimulus. Plasma cortisol was elevated significantly after light, formalin, and pinch stimulation but did not change in response to the probe stimulus. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 35-03, page: 0743.

abstract: Adviser: R. A. R. Tasker.


title: Bioenergetics of growth enhanced transgenic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared under simulated aquaculture conditions

contributor: Cawthorn, Rick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Sutterlin, Arnold (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Spangler, Elizabeth (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 137 electronic application/pdf

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Although dramatic improvements in growth rates have been documented in growth enhanced transgenic salmonid fish, prior to commercial implementation of this technology, there is a need for more information relating to the bioenergetics, of several commercially important production traits. The primary objective of the study was to compare the growth rate, protein and energy digestibility, feed conversion, and body composition, of F2 generation growth enhanced transgenic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with that of non-genetically modified salmon, over a presmolt growth interval of 8 to 55g. As a secondary objective, the routine oxygen consumption was measured to determine if rapid growth exhibited by transgenic salmon reared under simulated commercial culture conditions significantly altered metabolic rate. The third objective was to investigate the influence of food deprivation on metabolism in an attempt to relate oxygen consumption to the rate of mobilization of energy reserves in transgenic fish relative to their non-transgenic counterparts. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 38-03, page: 0617.

abstract: Advisers:  Mary McNiven; Gavin Richardson.


title: Biomechanical studies of canine stifles with torn cranial cruciate ligaments and an evaluation of an intra-articular repair

contributor: Donald, A. W. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Runyon, C. L. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Amend, J. F. (Supervisory Committee Member)

subject: Engineering, General

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07.


title: Bridges between theory and practice:  Experiences of students articling in Prince Edward Island

contributor:
Gillis, Sherry (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 121 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Adult and Continuing

abstract: Despite recommendations such as Parker's (1976) call for shorter, integrated law studies programs where theory and practice are addressed together, the study of the theory of law (in law school) and the experience of the practice of law (through articling) remains the norm in Canada. While serving as an articling student myself in Prince Edward Island, and then reviewing literature on law school and articling, I found that articling can be a rewarding experience but became aware of how far apart theory and practice still are and wondered if the articling process could be changed to bring theory and practice closer together to enrich the learning experience for students.

abstract: Using qualitative research methods as a practitioner researcher interested in reviewing and, possibly, improving the quality of adult learning experienced through the articling process, I interviewed three articling students articling on Prince Edward Island. What I observed talking with all these students is that they are active in the process of learning and do know how their learning experience can be improved.

abstract: Based on my own story, the three stories of these students, and literature from such authors as Parker (1976), Trakman and Watters (1981), and Stager (1990), I make recommendations for strengthening the communications among the law society, law schools, mentors, and students so that, working together, they can address the necessary bridges to be created between law theory and practice on Prince Edward Island.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1095.


title: Bullying in schools:  Using drama as an alternate approach to bullying education

contributor:
Matthews, Sherri (author)
Belliveau, George (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 85 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Theater
Education, Guidance and Counseling
Education, Elementary

abstract: In recent years, bullying has become a serious problem in our schools. The consequences of these behaviors can be devastating for both the victim of bullying and the person who bullies. This study investigated programs implemented in Prince Edward Island Schools to help reduce the occurrence of bullying, with a focus on UPEI's Anti-bullying Drama Initiative. In analyzing the drama anti-bullying program and its effect on the elementary students who participated, many educational implications were identified. Throughout the study, students reported on: (1) What type of learning took place during the project. (2) What impact the project had on the feelings of the participants involved. (3) How students felt about the dramatic learning environment.

abstract: The results of the intensive three-week anti-bullying unit conducted in PEI elementary classrooms suggest that the interactive nature of drama was able to alter the student's perceptions of bullying. As well, the findings point to positive group relations among the students who participated.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1111.


title: Investigations of the host properties of three fluorescent cage compounds

contributor: Etkin, Nola (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Haines, Robert (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 119 electronic application/pdf

subject: Chemistry, Physical

abstract: Supramolecular chemistry has been an emerging field over the last twenty years with host-guest inclusion being the simplest example. Usually in fluorescence-based host-guest inclusion studies the host is a non-fluorescent cage compound and the effects of inclusion on fluorescent guests are investigated. However, in this project three fluorescent cage compounds were identified for study. This enabled the investigation of their host properties using non-fluorescent guests, to determine the effect of their inclusion on the host fluorescence. The ability of such fluorescent hosts to form complexes has potential application in fluorescent nanomachines and molecular switches and sensors.

abstract: The first host investigated was the methoxy nanoball, which displayed both a ligand centered and a ligand-to-metal charge transfer band and which was found to form a weak 1:1 complex with benzene. This band also displayed significant pH dependence, indicating a potential application as a molecular controlled pH sensor. Benzene was the only guest investigated which formed a complex with the nanoball, and because it was a weak complex it was concluded that methoxy nanoball was not a good host for inclusion. However, guest encapsulation during the nanoball synthesis was attempted and proved to be promising, especially with pyrene.

abstract: The compound LB[6] also possessed fluorescence properties and formed a higher order complex with the fluorescent guest curcumin. LB[6] also gave interesting but scattered thermodynamic results with the binding constant (K) value both increasing and decreasing with temperature. Time-resolved fluorescence results confirmed previous steady-state iv results with a small increase in intensity with increasing benzene concentration.

abstract: The bistren cage compound displayed fluorescence which was sensitive to the polarity of the guests with which it formed higher order complexes. This host also gave good thermodynamic data with anisole, where the K value decreased with increasing temperature. Also, the time-resolved fluorescence showed a trend of decreasing lifetime (ns) with increasing concentration of aniline.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1531.


title: Involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum in drug-induced renal toxicity

contributor: Horney, Barb (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Cribb, Alastair (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Doucet, Michele (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Hanna, Paul (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Kamunde, Collins (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 191 electronic application/pdf

subject: Health Sciences, Pharmacology

abstract: Renal adverse drug reactions are an ever-present threat to the patients receiving potentially nephrotoxic drugs. The mechanisms involved in drug-induced renal damage require thorough investigation to be able to prevent or treat cases of adverse drug reactions. In vitro, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has recently emerged as an important cellular organelle during cell death after exposure to model cytotoxic agents. Our goal was to investigate the involvement of the ER in drug-induced renal toxicity. In a first set of  in vitro experiments, ER stress preconditioning usually conferred protection to four renal cell lines (LLC-PK1, MDCK, NRK-52E and HEK293) against model and clinically-relevant nephrotoxic agents, such as gentamicin, cisplatin and cyclosporine A. This study highlighted the importance of the ER stress response in cells of renal origin exposed to toxicants. In a second set of experiments, the occurrence of ER stress was demonstrated in kidneys of rats exposed to cisplatin, gentamicin and p-aminophenol, a metabolite of acetaminophen. XBP1 signalling, ER stress protein upregulation, caspase 12 activation and alteration of calpain expression supported the hypothesis that disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum and activation of ER-mediated cell death pathways were involved in the tubular damage caused by some nephrotoxicants. In a final set of experiments, the effect of ER stress preconditioning and calpain inhibition on the in vivo toxicity of p-aminophenol was explored. ER stress preconditioning proved to have no effect on  p-aminophenol toxicity, but calpain inhibition resulted in a robust decrease of toxicity and inhibition of caspase 12 activation, suggesting a new calpain-dependent pathway for p-aminophenol toxicity. In contrast, p-aminophenol-induced ER stress was not modified by inhibition of calpain. This study revealed the significant involvement of calpain in p-aminophenol-induced renal failure. Overall, these findings support the importance of the ER in drug-induced toxicity and advance our ability to investigate the role of the ER in adverse drug reactions.

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6608.


title: Is it who you know? An investigation of the relationship between small-island politics and infrastructure policy on Prince Edward Island

contributor:
Mizzi, Margaret (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 134 electronic application/pdf

subject: Political Science, Public Administration

abstract: As one of the ten Canadian Provinces, Prince Edward Island receives federal funding from Ottawa to uphold specific infrastructure policies and programs on the Island. Infrastructure policy-making is a by-product of political mechanisms of multi-level governance. Politicians are key people in the making of infrastructure. They are involved at different stages of policy making and implementation.  Islandness and smallness suggest an inherent intimacy between politicians and their constituents. High election turnout, perceived limited resources within the setting of high population density (as opposed to other Canadian provinces), all expose a unique state of affairs. The local islander considers himself/herself close to the politician within a give-and-take situation. This in turn elevates the politician to a gatekeeper role, as guardian of the interests of the island-province and more specifically the community in the riding/constituency.

abstract: This thesis is based on research conducted in four municipalities across PEI. It studies the interactions between the three levels of government—municipal, provincial and federal—and the role played by the politicians within the path of mapping a roadmap of the who, which and if in infrastructure public policy.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3284.


title: Island culture and the value of literacy on Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland

contributor:
Gushue, Heather D. (author)
Mitchell, Jean (Thesis advisor)
Krautwurst, Udo (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 166 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Administration
Education, Reading
Education, Philosophy of

abstract: Literacy, like formal education in general, is a product of cultural values. Recognition and awareness of cultural values and practices is integral to understanding the varied meaning(s), use(s), and impact(s) of literacy specific to a given community or location because literacy cannot be studied in isolation; indeed, literacy must be studied in relation to a particular sociocultural context because the meanings and uses vary across cultural boundaries. Furthermore, cultural analysis can be challenging under the best of conditions, but it is especially challenging in the context of small island societies. In the latter, intellectual values and a commitment to formal education tends to be marginalised by the preservation and emphasis on values and traditions historically springing from economic survival—fishing and farming, for example. Through the lens of Island Studies (Nissology), I have examined the relationship between literacies and cultural practices in Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island. More specifically, by way of a comparative case study between one Newfoundland and one Prince Edward Island community, I have demonstrated that although literacy and education are valued and deemed important by islanders, other activities and values, such as employment, may (and often do) take greater priority.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-03, page: 1222.


title: Isolation, characterization, and in vitro proliferation of canine bone marrow, adipose tissue, muscle, and periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells

contributor: Gelens, Hans (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 129 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Cell
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Objective: To isolate and characterize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from canine muscle and periosteum, and to compare the proliferative capacity of bone marrow, adipose tissue, muscle, and periosteum-derived MSCs (BMSCs, AMSCs, MMSCs, and PMSCs, respectively).

abstract: Sample Population: Seven canine cadavers.

abstract: Procedures: Characterization of MSCs was based on their plastic adherence and morphology, immunofluorescence of MSC-associated cell surface markers, and expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors. Morphological and histochemical methods were used to evaluate differentiation of MSCs cultured in adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic media. Passage one MSCs, cultured in triplicate, were counted at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours to determine tissue specific-MSC proliferative capacity. Mesenchymal stem cell yield/gram of tissue was calculated for confluent passage one MSCs.

abstract: Results: Successful isolation of BMSCs, AMSCs, MMSCs, and PMSCs was based on their plastic adherence and morphology, positive expression of CD44 and CD90, negative expression of CD34, CD45, and CD 146, mRNA expression of SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG, and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. The proliferative capacity was not significantly different between BMSCs, AMSCs, MMSCs, and PMSCs over a four day culture period. However, periosteum provided a significantly higher MSC yield/gram of tissue once confluent in passage one (mean ± SD of 19,400,000 ± 12,800,000 of PMSCs/gram of periosteum obtained in a mean ± SD of 13 ± 1.64 days).

abstract: Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Canine muscle and periosteum are sources of MSCs. Periosteum is a superior tissue source for MSC yield, and may be useful in allogenic applications.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 50-04, page: 2236.

abstract: Advisers: Caroline Runyon; Trina Bailey.


title: Jumping through the hoops: How are teachers impacted by policies regarding field trips?

contributor: Gabriel, Martha (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 100 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Administration

abstract: This research study explored the field trip preparations of teachers including the kinds/types of risk management techniques used, teacher perceptions of field trip policies, and the impact of these policies on their program choices regarding field trips. Qualitative research methods such as a focus group, guided interviews and a researcher journal were used to collect data. The participants were 12 teachers interested in field trips and the policy changes regarding field trips. The findings indicate that teachers in this study have high expectations for the planning and preparation of students prior to taking a field trip. However, these teachers expressed concerns about issues such as risk of litigation, use of waiver forms, unwarranted reactions by school boards to incidents, the time and energy required to fill out forms, and the perception of risk. Some implications of these concerns were that less experienced teachers in the study were more intimidated by the guidelines and paperwork and were less likely to make a field trip a part of their program. Experienced teachers appeared to be demoralized by the lack of confidence school boards have in the decisions they make to plan and organize field trips to enhance the education of their students. Overall, the findings show that restrictions and policies that limit field trips from taking place are considered unreasonable when careful planning effectively eliminates actual risks to the participants.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-03, page: 1156.


title: Ketmite'tmnej:  Remember who you are. The educational histories of three generations of Mi'kmaq women

contributor: Favaro, Basil (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 170 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Bilingual and Multicultural

subject: Women's Studies

subject: Sociology, Individual and Family Studies

subject: Sociology, Ethnic and Racial Studies

abstract: Motivating Aboriginal youth to complete their education is of great importance, not only to the future of Aboriginal communities, but to the whole of Canadian society. When we come to understand present-day Mi'kmaq customs, beliefs, values, and attitudes as they may relate to education, we will be able to proceed with increased awareness for all involved in the education of Mi'kmaq youth. Focusing on one of Prince Edward Island's First Nation Reserves where all students attend public schools, this site specific research investigates the presence of Mi'kmaq cultural traditions and how they may impact on the academic achievement of Mi'kmaq youth. Ethnographic style interviewing to explore the educational histories of four Mi'kmaq women in one family, through three different generations, yields insights about Mi'kmaq culture, spirituality, and traditions. The voices of all four Mi'kmaq women are woven around the thoughts of other researchers in an attempt to promote cross-cultural communication and understanding. Themes emerging from the research include the internal and external forces which challenge the identity of Aboriginal people, the characteristics of a school environment which supports learning for Aboriginal students, and an examination of the cultural/spiritual reasons underlying academic success for Aboriginal learners.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-04, page: 0820.

abstract: Adviser: Fiona O'Donoghue.


title: Ladder to learning or stairway to stress: A study of grade 4 homework practices

contributor: Doiron, Ray (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 135 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Elementary

abstract: Homework receives a large amount of daily attention and concern worldwide in schools and in homes. However, very little research has been carried out at the elementary school level regarding homework practices. Through examination of present practices, in light of previous homework research, recommendations address more effective ways of extending learning at the elementary level.

abstract: The current study was conducted to examine homework practices over a seven day period at the Grade 4 level. Specific foci of the study examined: (a) the amount of time students in Grade 4 spend on homework, (b) types of homework assigned, (c) amount of homework completed, (d) homework surroundings, (e) involvement of others in homework, (f) considerations given to individual differences, (g) policies and guidelines teachers adhere to when assigning homework, and (h) attitudes of students, teachers, and parents toward homework.

abstract: A Teacher Homework Recording Form and a Parent Homework Recording Form, two instruments specifically designed for the study, were completed by teachers and parents. Also used were the Teacher Homework Survey, Student Homework Survey and Parent Homework Survey. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-04, page: 0828.

abstract: Adviser: Xiufeng Liu.


title: Let them in but keep them out: Liminality and islandness of the first born Chinese Islanders

contributor:
Howard, Laura Lee (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 111 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Canadian Studies
Sociology, Ethnic and Racial Studies

abstract: It is important for Prince Edward Islanders to be aware that if they are not Mi'kmaq, then they descend from immigrants. All immigrants go through similar processes in integrating. According to this research, this process can be more intense and more difficult on an Island.

abstract: Fifteen participants (the children of the original Chinese settlers) completed a semi-structured interview process that focused on the participants' experiences of growing up on Prince Edward Island. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an iterative process grounded in the data, and informed by themes of islandness including boundedness, particularism, and migration. A model emerged which became titled "Circle of Community Storytelling and Island Connectivity". It suggests how these themes of islandness interplay with the concepts of liminality, resilience and integration to inform and encourage locally grown sub-national island jurisdiction immigration policy.

abstract: The first Chinese person to arrive on Prince Edward Island came in 1851. Over one hundred and fifty years later, this community remained hidden in the shadows. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, through the process of storytelling, this community transitioned from liminality to their rightful place in the Island story. Listening to the voices and stories of the first-born Chinese Islanders provides an opportunity to increase awareness and understanding of those who are not of the majority ancestry group. The research also provides information that may assist government to formulate policy that works well both for those who choose to come to the Island, and for Prince Edward Islanders.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3311.


title: Letters, home (Re)constructing my place in language teaching

contributor:
MacDonald, Craig (author)
(Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 136 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Education, Language and Literature
Education, Curriculum and Instruction
Education, Philosophy of

abstract: Where are you from? The question lies at the heart of the Japan-based practice in language teaching that has determined my profession to teach. My autoethnographic enquiry has (re)constructed a way of life in the furusato, the uchi where my practice finds its proper context. Having once left Canada as  EFL instructor, I return as eikaiwa no sensei—master of English conversation. I've sketched out the methodological characteristics of enquiry in eikaiwa, offering a sequence of conversations through epistolary enquiry undertaken with students and colleagues in Japan. Personal essays and narratives emerged as I dwelt poetically and hermeneutically on the conversations. Enacting pedagogical relationship through eikaiwa , an activity set in kyōshitsu, defines  kokoro for pedagogy: it can be site for ikiru chikara, the goal in recent transitions of Japanese post-historical curriculum. Coming, continually arriving, from far away is what drives me in to the eikaiwa no kyōshitsu for the praxis of freedom in the heart of things, the kyōshitsu as uchi , an irreducible interior setting for pedagogical experience. Just as eikaiwa is gakugai, becoming  eikaiwa no sensei depends on the nature and potential of being  gaijin. That eikaiwa no sensei should be regarded as master of something bought and sold as a way of the soul and pursuit of nobility—this points out the unique and complex position of  eikaiwa no sensei. Considering the dō of kendo, judo, sadō, kadō and so on, I look at  sensei: one of earlier birth to life and practice in a particular way. The status whereby sensei retains the nobility of the samurai is, after all, a matter of her own way of being as nobly human as it is possible to be. If cultural context is for adaptation (implying a movement towards an interior), then it is perfectly natural and also perfectly human to adapt every cultural form, to internalize and japan it. Dwelling in journey describes my hosomichi, and it takes place in an oku of the heart.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-06, page: 3273.


title: Life in the margins:  The experiences of students in the general level high school program on Prince Edward Island

contributor:
Oulton Birt, Patricia (author)
O'Donoghue, Fiona (Thesis advisor)
(Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 81 electronic application/pdf

subject: Education, Secondary

abstract: This study explores and describes the experiences and feelings of students who have been streamed into non-academic programs, specifically known as the general program. Individual interviews were conducted with six participants. The participants shared their feelings and experiences about being identified as general level students. The stories shared by the participants confirm what the literature suggests and many educators feel about how labeling affects students. The findings illustrate the serious issue of labeling and placing students in non academic streams. The study proposes directions for change and further inquiry.

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-02, page: 0389.

abstract: Adviser:  Fiona O'Donoghue.


title: Light and electron microscopic observations of in vitro excystation and asexual development of two bovine Sarcocystis species (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae)

contributor: Long, R.J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Lopez, Alfonso (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Markham, R.J. Frederick (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Wright, Glenda (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 214 electronic application/pdf

subject:
Biology, Microbiology
Agriculture, Animal Pathology
Biology, Veterinary Science

abstract: Acute infection with species of Sarcocystis (Phylum Apicomplexa) can cause severe, often fatal disease in bovine intermediate hosts. Decreased growth, production, and reproductive success can also occur with chronic sarcocystosis. Elucidation of the mechanism of excystation (i.e. release of infective sporozoites from sporocysts) and host-parasite interactions involved in Sarcocystis spp. infections are necessary to develop preventive control measures. Asexual developmental stages of Sarcocystis cruzi and S. hirsuta were utilized in in vitro light and electron microscopic studies. Specifically, excystation of sporozoites and their subsequent invasion of and development in host cells were examined. Various excystation protocols were evaluated. The tissue culture and processing technique of Kingsley and Cole (1988) was modified for host cell invasion experiments. Four tissue culture lines were tested (Bovine pulmonary artery endothelium, Rat heart myoblasts, Rat skeletal muscle myoblasts, and African green monkey kidney cells). Schizogony was visualized in all cell types. Suitability of host cell type was assessed by quantification of merozoite production. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 33-01, page: 0120.

abstract: Adviser: Richard J. Cawthorn.


title: Lipid metabolism of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)

contributor: Ackman, Robert (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Bell, J. Gordon (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Frantsi, Chris (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Spangler, Elizabeth (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Speare, David J. (Supervisory Committee Member)

contributor: Van Lunen, Ted (Supervisory Committee Member)

format: 182 electronic application/pdf

subject: Biology, Animal Physiology

subject: Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition

subject: Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

abstract: Haddock, a commercially important coldwater marine fish accumulates a high amount of dietary lipid in the liver (>60% lipid, wet weight). Several experiments were conducted to study the dietary lipid utilization by haddock, their lipid transport mechanisms and the biochemical basis of liver lipid deposition and catabolism. Juvenile haddock (6.9g) were fed three isonitrogenous diets containing 14, 16, 19 and 22% lipid to examine the effects of dietary lipid on growth, feed utilization, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and tissue lipid accumulation. Growth and feed efficiency of haddock was not significantly affected by increasing the lipid content of the diet. A significant increase in HSI (9.8–12.1%) and total liver lipid content (63.2–69.0%) was observed in haddock fed 14% versus 22% lipid, however, total muscle lipid content was unaffected. The liver fatty acid (FA) composition mirrored that of the diet. The muscle lipid (1%) contained a high proportion of polar lipid (84% lipid) and polyunsaturated FA (53% total FA). A dietary lipid level of 14% or less is recommended for use in juvenile haddock grower diets based on the results of this study. A series of liver function tests were also performed on the plasma of cultured haddock grouped on the basis of their HSI. No significant differences were observed between the 11.1, 13.0 and 17.3% HSI groups for any of the liver function parameters tested.

abstract: Serum lipoproteins of post-absorptive juvenile haddock showed that HDL (high density lipoprotein) was the predominant lipoprotein class (1517 mg/dL) followed by LDL (low density lipoprotein; 467 mg/dL). A low level of VLDL (very low density lipoprotein; <50 mg/dL) was observed in serum. The concentration of total lipid in the serum averaged 1297 mg/dL. The phospholipid (PL), triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol ester (CE) and cholesterol (CL) contents of serum were 57, 16, 16 and 11%, respectively. The fatty acid (FA) composition of HDL resembled that of the serum lipid and PL and it contained a higher percentage (51%) of polyunsaturated FA than VLDL (36%). High molecular weight apo B-like proteins were observed in the VLDL and LDL fractions. An apo A-I-like protein was predominant in the HDL fraction. The low level of VLDL (<50mg/dL) circulating in the serum suggests a low level of lipid (triacylglycerol) transport from the liver to the muscle in haddock. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

abstract: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-07, Section: B, page: 3001.

abstract: Advisers: Santosh P. Lall; Mary A. McNiven.