identifier: Annan, Alexander Peter <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Annan=3AAlexander_Peter=3A=3A.html>   (1974) The equivalent source method for electromagnetic scattering analysis and its geophysical application.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The electromagnetic response of magnetically and electrically inhomogeneous media whose geometries are not amenable to conventional partial differential equation analysis are most readily analysed in an integral equation framework. The equivalent source concept of Green's theory affords a generalized manner of formulating static and time-varying electromagnetic problems; material property inhomogeneities are replaced by equivalent source distributions which satisfy a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. -- For static field problems, the equivalent source method represents conductivity, permittivity and permeability variations in terms of current source, charge and "magnetic pole" density distributions. In this form, the problems have analogous mathematical forms and the equivalent source satisfies a scalar Fredholm equation. The formalism is readily related to the static field methods used in applied geophysics. -- The time-varying equivalent source formulation represents material property variations in terms of electric and magnetic current densities which satisfy a pair of coupled vector Fredholm equations. Analysis of the integral operators shows that the scattering operator is bimodal for many geophysical problems. This result leads to the analysis of scattering problems in terms of generalized eigenfunctions. The bimodal nature of the scattering operator often leads to highly ill-conditioned matrices when numerical methods are applied to geophysical problems. -- Approximate parametric solution methods of solving the time-varying electric scattering problem are considered. Approximation of the solution by a general functional form and applying minimum criteria reduce the integral equations to matrix equations. The least squares method is applied analysing magnetotelluric responses of 2-dimensional structures and the Galerkin formalism is used to find the eigenfunctions for a thin plate in a whole space. The results are compared with other available numerical and experimental results and assessments of tho methods are given.


identifier: O'Driscoll, Jacqueline Mary <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/O=27Driscoll=3AJacqueline_Mary=3A=3A.html>   (2006) An integrated geological, geochemical, isotopic and geochronological study on the auriferous systems in the Botwood Basin and environs, central Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract: The purpose of this project was to study and compare 20 gold occurrences from within the Botwood Basin and surrounding lithologies. The Botwood Basin is located within the eastern Dunnage Zone of central Newfoundland and encompasses a region comprised of Middle Paleozoic cover sequences deposited upon dominantly Ordovician rocks. The area has been subdivided into two tectonostratigraphic belts that are separated by a major fault (the Dog Bay Line), which has been defined as a major Silurian terrane boundary. The Indian Islands Belt to the southeast of the fault encompasses the deep to shallow marine Davidsville and Indian Islands groups. The Botwood Belt to the northwest of the fault includes the shallow marine to terrestrial Botwood and Badger groups. The large bimodal Mount Peyton Intrusive Suite (MPIS) intruded some of these units during the Late Silurian to Early Devonian in the central Botwood Basin. The MPIS is a composite post kinematic intrusion consisting mainly of gabbro and granite with minor tonalite, diorite and granodiorite phases. The relationship between the gabbro and granite phases, as well as the relationship of the suite to the surrounding sedimentary lithologies, is still poorly understood due to the lack of contact exposures. The auriferous occurrences occur dominantly within the Ordovician Davidsville and Silurian Indian Islands groups and also within intrusive units throughout the region. A key question to be answered was whether regional intrusive suites (granitic to gabbroic) were key components of the ore-forming systems, acting as heat sources driving ore fluids, or just as rheologically contrasting host lithologies. -- Reconnaissance mapping confirmed the presence of Indian Island Group rocks to the southeast and resulted in the discovery of new fossiliferous outcrops in the north. These latter localities, at Duder Lake and east of Ten Mile Lake, are significant to regional stratigraphy as they contain Wenlock fossils that are characteristic of the Indian Islands Group. This extends the group to the northwest of the current location of the Dog Bay Line. -- Mapping observations along the eastern margin of the MPIS define the relationship between the felsic and mafic phases of the intrusive suite, as well as the relationship of the suite to the Indian Islands Group. Field relationships suggest that the granite is younger than the gabbro; these include the gabbro's lack of chilled margins and gabbro pieces stoped by the granite suggesting the gabbro was cooled prior to the granite intrusion. Immediately west of Glenwood, a dioritic dyke, which has been correlated with the MPIS, intrudes the Indian Island Group sedimentary rocks. Along Red Rock Brook a faulted relationship is inferred between the granite phase of the MPIS and the Indian Islands Group, and thus, it is possible that the relationship is a fault-modified intrusive contact. -- There are different gabbroic intrusive suites in the region as defined by whole-rock geochemistry. Mafic intrusive dykes to the north of the Trans Canada Highway (TCH) are petrographically and somewhat geochemically similar to the mafics of the MPIS. However, these dykes contain slightly higher Ti and less SiO₂ contents. This may indicate that the dykes are fractionated equivalents of the MPIS, originated from a separate but similar magma source. The intrusive dykes at Duder Lake are petrographically and geochemically distinct from all intrusive bodies examined to the south inclusive of the dykes north of the TCH, the MPIS and the Paul's Pond intrusives. The data also indicate that there is an intermediate phase to the 'bimodal' MPIS. The sedimentary sequences display subtle differences in trace element contents between groups and these differences may be dependant on their locations in the region. -- There are wide ranges in sulphur isotope ratios for sulphide mineral separates from different occurrences and the dominant control appears to be the lithological source of the sulphur. That is, occurrences within deep marine sedimentary lithologies are negative in terms of δ³⁴S (‰). Occurrences in proximity to intrusive suites are near 0 ‰. Occurrences in which S was derived from igneous rocks have ratios that are slightly to moderately positive in terms of δ³⁴S (‰). -- Trace element compositions of pyrite suggest that different auriferous deposit types have recognizable signatures. For example, several of the pyrite grains from the Mustang Prospect contained the 'toxic suite of elements' characteristic of Carlin-type pyrite. Some pyrite from the Stog'er Tight and Hurricane Prospects contained elevated W and Te recognized in orogenic lode gold occurrences. Pyrite from the Bruce Pond Epithermal Prospect resembles that from low-sulphidation epithermal types of occurrences. -- Geochronological data indicate that magmatism in the central to northern Botwood Basin was episodic from the Middle Silurian to Early Devonian. Age data also show that the granitic phase of the MPIS is younger than the gabbroic phase as (LAM-ICP-MS) U-Pb ages of ca. 430 Ma and 410 Ma were obtained for the diorite and granite phases of the MPIS, respectively. An intrusive gabbroic dyke to the north of the MPIS and the Charles Cove granodiorite were also dated at ca. 430 Ma suggesting that at least some of the magmatism in the northern Botwood Basin corresponded with MPIS magmatism. Thus, the magma may have been more deep-seated and widespread than previously thought. With the recognition that the MPIS granite intruded in Early Devonian time, it is more feasible to recognize the MPIS as a possible heat source for mineralization, at least along its eastern margin. The 494 ± 7 Ma age for the Huxter Lane intrusive in the Botwood Basin basement reveals that auriferous mineralization in the region spans a significant geological time span (494 to 380 Ma). -- Inherited zircons were common in both the MPIS and Charles Cove Pluton granites suggesting that Botwood Basin granitoids may have been generated through crustal anatexis of lower crustal material by mantle-derived gabbroic melts. The age of inheritance in both intrusions of ca. 1850-1800 Ma suggests that the melts may have sampled either Indian Islands Group rocks, or rocks that were their detritus source, as detrital components from that Group indicate a source region of a similar (1850 Ma) age. -- There are several auriferous mineralization styles present in the Botwood Basin including epithermal, orogenic and perhaps Carlin-type. Although these occurrences display similarities in terms of mineralization characteristics, the tectonic and geological disparities throughout the region have led to differences between the occurrences. Thus, a generic model for 'Botwood Basin-type' auriferous mineralization is unrealistic.


identifier: Douglas, John Leslie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Douglas=3AJohn_Leslie=3A=3A.html>   (1983) Geochemistry of the Cambrian manganese deposits of eastern Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Manganese-rich sedimentary rocks are exposed intermittently throughout an area of 40,000 km² in the Avalon Zone in southeastern Newfoundland. Paleontological data indicate that the manganese-rich rocks form a stratiform deposit of basal Middle Cambrian age and that the manganese horizon is related to a disconformity whose duration increases from south to north. Stratigraphic measurements and chemical analyses show that the manganese horizon becomes thinner (from 25 to 1 m) and progressively enriched in Mn relative to Fe (Mn/Fe from <l to ≃3.0) towards the north as the magnitude of the disconformity increases. The manganese horizon is enriched in Mn, Fe, Mg, Ba, and P relative to enclosing red and green mudrocks. -- Petrographic study of manganese horizon samples shows that the horizon is fossiliferous, containing a fauna which includes trilobites and algal structures. Most of the manganese is present in carbonate minerals (rhodochrosite and manganiferous calcite), although secondary manganese oxide minerals also occur. In part, the manganese horizon contains anomalous concentrations of Fe-rich chlorite (chamosite). Phosphatic nodules and euhedral crystals of barite and pyrite are also present in some manganese horizon samples. Carbonate nodules are abundant and these are believed to have been formed during diagenesis. -- The available evidence suggests that the manganese accumulated slowly in shallow marine waters in a partially restricted basin during a break in normal sedimentation characterized by reduced rates of
clastic sedimentation. The manganese was originally precipitated in oxide form, with subsequent alteration during early diagenesis producing the manganese carbonate which now characterizes the horizon. The Mn was derived from the weathering of Late Precambrian rock assemblages exposed around the Middle Cambrian basin. Mn was separated from Fe during transportation of the Mn. towards the north within the partially restricted basin. In this regard, the restricted rate of clastic sedimentation is critical, as it permitted the gradual transportation and concentration of manganese at a given site over long periods of time with no dilution by clastic minerals. -- The shallow marine origin, the stable tectonic environment, the manganese carbonate mineralogy, and the pronounced influence of diagenesis upon the rocks suggest similarities between the Newfoundland manganese horizon and modern oceanic ferromanganese deposits of the diagenetic type (Rona et al., 1978; Bonatti et al., 1972) and with the Nicopol Formation type of ancient deposit (Varentzov, 1964). Manganese-rich rocks of basal Middle Cambrian age present in the Harlech Dome region in North Wales are stratigraphically, tectonically, and chemically similar to the Newfoundland manganese horizon (Mohr, 1966) and may be correlative with the latter.


identifier: Stait, Kathleen Anne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stait=3AKathleen_Anne=3A=3A.html>   (1989) Upper Canadian to Whiterockian (Ordovician) conodont biostratigraphy of the Upper St. George Group, western Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The St. George Group of western Newfoundland is a sequence of limestones and dolostones deposited on the North American platform margin of the Lower Ordovician Iapetus Ocean. The upper half of this sequence records a shoaling-upwards megacycle of deposition, which is found in the upper Boat Harbour, Catoche and Aguathuna formations. -- Much of this megacycle was sampled for conodonts in order to establish a refined biostratigraphy and to shed light upon lithostratigraphic problems within Catoche and Aguathuna formations. Over 130 core samples from the Daniel's Harbour mine and approximately 110 outcrop samples from localities throughout western Newfoundland yielded approximately 5,000 conodonts. -- In total, 72 species from 43 genera are herein described from the upper megacycle of the St. George Group. Striatodontus n. gen. is described, with S. kakivangus n. sp. and S. carlae (Repetski) both found in the St. George Group. Elements probably forming part of a previously unknown apparatus (?New Genus 1) are described, but remain unnamed. New species are Bergstroemognathus alus, Clavohamulus cavus, Diaphorodus gravelsensis, D. stevensi, Leptochirognathus planus, Parapanderodus aequalis and Rossodus symmetricus. In addition, species of Ansella Fåhraeus & Hunter, ?Erismodus Branson & Mehl, Protoprioniodus McTavish, ?Reutterodus Serpagli, and new species of Scalpellodus Dzik, Variabiliconus Landing et al. and the unnamed new (?) genus remain in open nomenclature pending the availability of more abundant material. -- Seven successive informal conodont assemblages are recognised within the faunal succession. These are based upon morphological changes within species of Parapanderodus Stouge and Diaphorodus Kennedy, and concurrent ranges of a number of species. -- Assemblage I correlates with North American trilobite Zone H, which is equivalent to early Midcontinent Province Fauna E of the North American conodont zonation; coeval Baltic Province conodonts are found in the Prioniodus elegans Zone. Assemblage II may correlate with the Prioniodus elegans Zone and Midcontinent Fauna E. Assemblage III is demonstrably contemporaneous with the Oepikodus evae Zone and with the shelly fossil Zone I of the North American succession, but younger assemblages can only be directly related to North American faunas. Faunas are initially of mixed Midcontinent and Baltic affinity, but shallowing of the depositional environment was accompanied by restriction of Baltic forms from uppermost Catoche and Aguathuna formations. -- Assemblage IV, at approximately the base of the Aguathuna Formation, contains the last occurrence of Oepikodus communis (Ethington & Clark) and conodonts of Canadian age interspersed with species more common within Whiterockian strata (e.g. Tripodus laevis Bradshaw). Conodonts equivalent in age to zones J and K are found in Assemblage IV. All but the longest-ranging Canadian conodonts disappear by Assemblage V, which is the first assemblage completely within the Whiterockian: early Whiterockian species include Pteracontiodus cryptodens (Mound), Diaphorodus gravelsensis n. sp. and D. stevensi n. sp. Assemblage VI, commencing with the incoming of Drepanodus sp. cf. D. gracilis (Branson & Mehl) and consisting of early Whiterockian conodonts, is of limited stratigraphic range. The succeeding Assemblage VII, with Drepanoistodus angulensis (Harris), Scandodus sinuosus Mound and Glyptoconus rectus (Stouge) at the base, later contains a diverse and abundant fauna showing affinity with conodonts correlated with shelly fossil Zone M of the Ibex area. This fauna, which continues several metres into the overlying Table Point Formation, is almost completely of Midcontinent Province aspect. It consists primarily of neurodont and lamellar forms such as Leptochirognathus quadrata Branson & Mehl, Multioistodus subdentatus Cullison, Paraprioniodus costatus Ethington & Clark, Erismodus spp. and several previously undescribed species. -- The upper St. George Group conodont succession is broken at two levels within the Aguathuna Formation: significant hiatuses separate assemblages IV and V, and assemblages VI and VII. The lower hiatus is recognized at the same level across western Newfoundland, but the upper hiatus occcurs at different levels both locally and regionally. This pattern of faunal occurrences is explained with reference to the tectonic setting of the platform margin during deposition of the Aguathuna Formation.


identifier: Kioroglou, Sotiris <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kioroglou=3ASotiris=3A=3A.html>   (1992) Transport and diffusion on the southwestern Puerto Rican shelf.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In 1988 and 1989 drifter tracking experiments were conducted on the Southwestern Puerto Rican shelf. Surface drifters were used as surrogates for buoyant fish eggs, in order to determine the dependence of the egg trajectory on the spawning site and time. Data analysis of the drifters shows that the mean trajectory depends on the spawning time and the season of drifter release.  Trajectories from adjacent spawning and nonspawning sites have no significant difference, however. Both the current and the wind tend to have an along-shore and westward direction. The high correlation between wind and current indicates that the wind drives the current in a direction parallel to the shore. Flow reversals (to the East) are common in periods of light winds, which occur most frequently in the wet season, from July to December. The data analysis agrees with the hypothesis that the flow reversals might be caused by a eastward pressure gradient opposing the wind. The predominant tidal harmonics on the reef are the diurnal K1 and the semidiurnam M2, that can be modelled as across-shelf standing waves. Scale analysis showed that the associated velocity amplitudes are insignificant on the reef. The seiche of occuring on the reef, is important for the currents in the area. -- The flow is highly variable, especially in the along-shore direction. The flow variability can be modelled as a random walk for the cross-shore component. Statistical analysis of motion relative to the cluster centroid, indicates that a patch of drifters is elongated in a direction parallel to the coastline at all the times.  This indicates that the horizontal shearing of the mean flow velocity plays a dominant role in the relative diffusion processes of the area. The data analysis also indicates that there is much more variability in the paths of the clusters, than in the paths of the drifters within a cluster.


identifier: Archibald, Sandy Mackintosh <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Archibald=3ASandy_Mackintosh=3A=3A.html>   (1995) The geology, mineralization, geochemistry, and metallogeny of the Paleoproterzoic Ramah Group, northern Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2000 Ma) Ramah Group represents a relatively undeformed cover sequence developed on the Nain craton, northern Labrador. The group is 1.7 km thick, 65 km long and up to 16 km wide, and is most extensive between Nachvak and Saglek Fiords. Six formations make up the group, of which the two basal formations represent a shallow shelf sequence, while the upper four represent deep marine sequences. The dolomite unit capping the shelf sequence is metallogenically the most interesting as it hosts the majority of base metal mineralization present within the Ramah Group. -- Two types of metallic mineralization are represented within the Ramah Group, namely syngenetic and epigenetic. The syngenetic mineralization formed due to rapid basin deepening which resulted in the formation of anoxic bottom waters. These bottom waters were enriched in sulphur-reducing bacteria which led to the precipitation of a two metre thick pyrite bed, and to the consequential ³⁴S enrichment of the remaining seawater in the basin. Further sedimentation led to the trapping of this ³⁴S-enriched water as a pore fluid within shales of the Nullataktok Formation. Following the deposition of the sedimentary formations, the Ramah Group was intruded by numerous gabbro-diabase sills which resulted in the formation of Cu and Ni mineralization within or adjacent to the sills. -- The main metallogenic event to affect the Ramah Group resulted from the collision of the Nain and Rae Structural Provinces during the Torngat Orogeny (1860 Ma). The collision caused the early migration of hydrocarbons, followed by large volumes of evolved basin brines. These brines contained metal chloride complexes, and ³⁴S-enriched pore water (in the form of dissolved sulphates) which migrated from deeper parts of the group to the basin margins. Precipitation of sulphides occurred in areas of increased porosity, such as collapse breccia zones, within the Reddick Bight Dolomite Member when the expelled sulphate and metal rich fluids mixed with resident hydrocarbons. Further epigenetic mineralization was formed due to remobilization of sulphides within fault zones as the Torngat Orogen deformation front progressed eastwards. -- Mineralization within the Reddick Bight Dolomite Member is analogous to the Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) and as such represents the second oldest occurrence of this style of mineralization identified to date.


identifier: Noel, Nathaniel Thomas <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Noel=3ANathaniel_Thomas=3A=3A.html>   (1992) The geology and geochemistry of the McKay River Area volcanic rocks, western Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The McKay River area is situated in the south eastern section of the Labrador Trough on the boundary between the Grenville and Churchill tectonic provinces. Major lithologic subdivisions identified in the area consist of Archean basement gneisses (2500 ma), a sequence of Aphebian supracrustal rocks (2500-1800 ma), composed primarily of the Knob Lake Group, and some Helikian intrusive, extrusive, and sedimentary rocks (1800-1300 ma). -- Unique to this region of the Labrador Trough is the occurrence of three distinct mafic volcanic sequences. The first, tentatively named the sub-eruptive suite consists of high level basaltic dykes and associated tuffaceous rocks which are intimately associated with the Sokoman Formation. These rocks are chemically similar to the volcanic rocks of the Nimish Sub Group and formed as a direct result of rifting associated with the development of the Labrador Trough. This is the first time this unit has been recognized in the McKay River area, which has subsequently led to the discovery of new information concerning the tectonic and structural history of the area. -- The other two volcanic sequences are separated from the rocks of the Knob Lake Group by a tectonic boundary and are considered to be allocthonous. The first of these, consists of alkali basalts and associated pyroclastic rocks and is characterized by higher than average TiO2 and CaO. It has been tentatively named the McKay River formation. -- The second sequence, which stratigraphically overlies the McKay River formation has been tentatively named the Rose Bay formation. It consists of a suite of alkaline ultrabasic lavas and associated fragmental and volcanoclastic sedimentary rocks. The petrochemistry of these rocks indicate that they represent primary or near primary magma compositions and exhibit strong chemical affinities with a rare rock type known as olivine melilitite. Similarities are also evident between these rocks and some lamprophyres and carbonatites in the northern Labrador Trough. -- Petrochemical and structural evidence suggests that while the McKay River and Rose Bay formations may be synchronous with the Sokoman Formation, they were deposited at some distance from the main rift system and south of their present location. They were transported northward to their present location as a result of the Grenville Orogeny, circa 1000 ma.


identifier: Ramezani, Jahandar <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ramezani=3AJahandar=3A=3A.html>   (1992) The geology, geochemistry and U-Pb geochronology of the Stog'er Tight gold prospect, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Baie Verte Peninsula in Newfoundland is the locus of numerous gold occurrences and showings. The great majority of these epigenetic gold prospects are located in the vicinity of the Baie Verte Line, the major structural feature of the Peninsula, and its second (and higher) order splays. The Stog'er Tight prospect, the subject of this study, is a mesothermal, shear-hosted, gold occurrence which is located within the Point Rousse Ophiolite Complex, north of the Scrape Thrust, and to the east of the Baie Verte Line. -- Gold mineralization in the Stog'er Tight prospect is hosted by a variety of subextrusive, gabbroic sills which have intruded a volcanic (and pyroclastic) sequence. The crystallization age of the Stog'er Tight gabbro is constrained by U-Pb zircon geochronology to be 483 + 3/-2 Ma. The chemical composition of the Stog'er Tight gabbro and associated early volcanic lithologies reflects a progressive transition from island-arc to MORB and OIB-dominated magmatism, analogous to that in modern oceanic back-arc basins. The mineralization is structurally controlled and is characterized by pervasive and systematically zoned hydrothermal alteration. Four distinct alteration zones are identified based on dominant mineral assemblages. These include the chlorite-calcite zone, ankerite-sericite zone, chlorite-magnetite zone and the red albite-pyrite (+ gold) zone. The latter, which represents the highest intensity of alteration and gold mineralization, formed between an early episode of ductile deformation (DE) and a subsequent brittle-ductile (DL) phase, within the D₁ shear zones of the area. -- Gold was precipitated as a result of shear zone-induced infiltration of fluids which reacted with the Fe-rich phases of gabbro to destabilize the gold-bearing complexes. Hydrothermal alteration involved progressive CO₂, S and K metasomatism as well as significant LILE, REE, HFSE and Th enrichments. These enrichments imply that the mineralizing fluids were in equilibrium with (or derived from) enriched continental crustal sources, as opposed to the commonly depleted oceanic rocks. -- The hydrothermal alteration in the Stog'er Tight prospect has a U-Pb zircon age of 420 ±5 Ma. The mid-Silurian age of this hydrothermal zircon implies that gold mineralization in the Stog'er Tight prospect occurred at a final stage of Early Silurian orogenic activity in the Baie Verte Peninsula.


identifier: Upadhyay, Hansa Datt <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Upadhyay=3AHansa_Datt=3A=3A.html>   (1973) The Betts Cove ophiolite and related rocks of the Snooks Arm group, Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Snooks Arm Group consists of a Lower Ordovician ophiolite suite at the base which is conformably overlain by two sedimentary/pyroclastic and two pillow lava formations. The ophiolite suite, best developed at Betts Cove, comprises a basal ultramafic member followed in order by a gabbroic, a sheeted dyke, and a pillow lava member, all of which have transitional contacts with each other. The ultramafic member consists of interlayered peridotite, pyroxenite, serpentinized dunite, and minor rodingitized gabbro. The gabbroic member consists of layered quartz gabbro, minor clinopyroxenite and quantitatively negligible diorite. The sheeted dyke member possesses over 90 percent diabase and ultramafic dykes that are subvertical and parallel to one another. The pillow lava member contains basaltic (spilitic) and ultramafic pillows and sills. The sedimentary/pyroclastic formations consist of andesitic agglomerate and flysch, deep-sea sediments and diabase sills. The two pillow lava formations of the upper part of the Snooks Arm Group comprise tholeiitic basalt and diabase dykes/sills that were derived from a different magma group. -- The Betts Cove ophiolite is interpreted as part of a Lower Ordovician oceanic crust and mantle that was developed through sea-floor spreading and was subsequently thrust (obducted) on to the Fleur de Lys continental mass. Field and chemical data indicate that the ophiolite suite was produced through fractional crystallization of a single parent magma with a hiatus between the formation of the ultramafic-gabbro sequence and that of the sheeted dyke-pillow lava assemblage. The upper part of the Snooks Arm Group shows affinity to an island arc type environment and might represent crust of a basin marginal to a major Lower Paleozoic ("Proto-Atlantic") ocean. -- The Snooks Arm Group was subjected to low-grade burial metamorphism during Early Ordovician and to greenschist facies regional metamorphism during Devonian (Acadian) time. -- The ophiolite suite is similar in many respects to the modern oceanic crust and to ophiolites elsewhere. The origin and tectonic evolution of the Snooks Arm Group is described in terms of a plate tectonic model related to the opening and closing of an ancient ocean. -- Copper mineralization in Betts Cove area is concentrated at the contact of sheeted dykes and pillow lavas and is interpreted as co-magmatic with the mafic host rocks. Models are proposed for the magmatism and metallogeny of Betts Cove ophiolite that may help understanding of some of the processes operative on modern ocean floors.


identifier: Smyth, W. R. (Walter Ronald) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smyth=3AW=2E_R=2E_=28Walter_Ronald=29=3A=3A.html>   (1973) The stratigraphy and structure of the southern part of the Hare Bay allochthon, N.W. Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The allochthonous sequence south of Hare Bay comprises four distinct tectonic slices which from the structurally lowest to the highest are: the Maiden Point Slice, the Croque Head Slice, the St. Julien Island Slice and the White Hills Slice. The allochthonous sequence was emplaced westwards in Middle Ordovician time over an autochthonous, mainly carbonate, sequence. The top of the autochthon consists of a northeasterly derived flysch that contains detritus derived from the allochthon. This flysch records a decrease in grain size, bed thickness and sand content, from north to south across the area. -- The study has shown that the slices of the allochthon display different stratigraphy, different internal deformation and different metamorphic history. The slice contacts are in most places marked by a few tens of meters of black shaley melange. -- The Maiden Point Slice consists mainly of coarse quartzo-feldspathic greywackes and minor mafic volcanic rocks. The Croque Head Slice consists of finer grained greywackes than those in the Maiden Point Slice. The St. Julien Island Slice consists of sandy limestone in fault contact with a polymictic conglomerate. The conglomerate contains volcano-plutonic detritus which was probably derived from an island arc to the east. The White Hills Slice contains a partial ophiolite, structurally underlain by metavolcanic rocks and minor amounts of metasedimentary rocks that record pre-emplacement polyphase deformation and metamorphism. These metamorphic rocks consist of pyroxene-bearing amphibolites, amphibolites, and greenschists that display decreasing metamorphic grade and intensity of deformation downward and away from the overlying ultramafic rocks. They are interpreted as a dynamothermal aureole related to obduction and earliest transport of oceanic crust and mantle over previously undeformed and unmetamorphosed supracrustal rocks. -- Emplacement of the allochthon in Middle Ordovician time produced a slaty cleavage, rare recumbent folds and low greenschist metamorphism in the lower tectonic slices and in the melange zones. The autochthonous rocks are in most places unaffected by the emplacement deformation (Taconic orogeny), except at Canada Bay where melange is absent and an imbricate structure and associated northwest-facing recumbent folds are developed. -- After Middle Ordovician emplacement the whole area was affected by the Acadian orogeny. The pre- and syn-emplacement structures are refolded about open, upright to moderately inclined folds and an associated crenulation cleavage is widely developed. -- The evolution of the allochthon and autochthon is described in terms of a plate-tectonic model related to the birth and destruction of a continental margin and a marginal ocean basin from late Precambrian to upper Paleozoic times. Comparisons with the other "Taconic" allochthons found along the western margin of the northern Appalachians suggests that similar tectonic processes controlled their evolution.


identifier: Hamm, Craig A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hamm=3ACraig_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1993) The seabed as an acoustic mirror for suspended sediment.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Acoustic backscatter signals from suspended sediment, obtained at Queensland Beach N.S. in 1987, and Stanhope Lane Beach P.E.I. in 1989, are mirrored below the main bottom echo. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the mirrored backscatter signals are the result of the bottom reflected wave scattering from sediment suspended above the seabed, and subsequently re-flecting from the bottom back to the transceiver. This hypothesis is tested by devising an inversion algorithm based on the re-reflection idea, to determine suspended sediment concentration and comparing to results from multifrequency and optical backscatter results. A theoretical analysis of the problem and the outcome of subsequent data inversion are presented. Unlike currently used methods, factors such as beam directivity, system constant, and the sediment backscattering form factor are absent from the equation used to determine suspended sediment concentrations. It is concluded that the bottom reflection plays a key role in the formation of the acoustic mirror image.


identifier: Ren, Jun <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ren=3AJun=3A=3A.html>   (1993) The simulation of urban system dynamics in Atlantic Canada, 1951-1991.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A dynamic urban model is used to study the post war evolution of the Atlantic Canada urban system. The computer based simulation model is calibrated for the period 1951-1986 and then employed to predict the 1991 population of each CMA and CA within the system. The simulation results show that to a large extent, the evolution of the system can be understood in terms of endogenous system dynamics rather than exogenous events. Specifically, competition among the cities of the region is a significant factor in the urban system evolution. The high degree of abstraction of the model means that data requirements for application are minimal, and the calibration procedure is relatively simple. The successful predictions show that the model can yield useful results in spite of its simplicity.


identifier: Maloney, James Andrew <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Maloney=3AJames_Andrew=3A=3A.html>   (1990) The origin of barite and related veins on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Hydrothermal barite ± calcite ± sulphide mineral veins occur in Newfoundland on the Isthmus of Avalon and along the west, southern and south-eastern coasts of the Cape St. Mary's area of the Avalon Peninsula. Earlier formed quartz-dominated veins are the most abundant vein type in this area and occur over a much larger area. The data collected in this study (field relationships, paragenetic data, fluid inclusion data, carbon, oxygen and sulphur isotope data, REE data) allow for the following conclusions: -- 1) The early quartz ± chlorite veins were formed during a regional deformational and low-grade metamorphic event, by precipitation in fracture sets developed during this deformation. -- 2) During this deformational event a hot pulse of hydrothermal fluid moved through the same fracture set in more localized areas. This later fluid pulse deposited sulphide-mineral-dominated veins where it was hottest and presumably closest to its source. Further from the source, where the fluid was cooler, calcite- and barite-dominated veins were precipitated. -- 3) The proximity of the "hottest" sulphide-dominated veins to known syndeformational granitic intrusions, combined with the geochemical evidence, strongly suggest that the hot fluid pulse was sourced by fluid exsolved during crystallization of these granitic magmas. Carbon, oxygen, sulphur and rare earth elements were all likely sourced from these granitic melts as well. In some of the veins studied, there is evidence that elemental and isotopic exchange took place between this magmatic fluid and either the surrounding country rock or meteoric waters.


identifier: Dewey, Christopher Paul <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dewey=3AChristopher_Paul=3A=3A.html>   (1983) The taxonomy and palaeoecology of lower Carboniferous ostracodes and peracarids (crustacea) from southwestern Newfoundland and central Nova Scotia.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Middle Carboniferous sediments in the Maritime region of Canada were deposited in fluvial basins that were subjected to transgressive marine episodes often associated with hypersalinity. -- A dominantly shallow marine, paraparchitacean ostracode fauna associated with palaeocopids, bairdiaceans and less common cytheraceans and myodocopids, as well as two peracarid genera has been recovered from sediments in southwestern Newfoundland and northern and central Nova Scotia. The paraparchitaceans are ubiquitous and are even found in sediments containing synsedimentary gypsum. Two of the genera and four species are new. -- Seven assemblages have been recognised based upon diversity, occurrence sedimentary facies and inferred environment. -- In the least restricted carbonate environment, representatives of the following genera occur; Kirkbya, Gortanella, Beyrichiopsis, Bairdiacypris and two species of Bairdia associated with Chamishaella, Monoceratina, Acratia, Acutiangulata and Polycope. In a more restricted carbonate environment, Chamishaella is augmented by Paraparchites, Shemonaella, Shishaella and Shivaella; bairdiaceans are less common and the ornate palaeocopids are absent. An amphissitid, Youngiella, Basslerella and "Neokloedenella" occur with Monoceratina, Acratia, Acutiangulata and Polycope to give the total fauna. In the most restricted carbonate environment only representatives of the genera Chamishaella, Gortanella and Acratia occur. -- Three hypersaline-related environments can be recognised. In the carbonate dominated environment, paraparchitaceans occur together with Amphissites, Youngiella, Acratia, "Neokloedenella" and Acutiagulata as well as the peracarid Tealliocaris. In the classic-dominated hypersaline environment, Chamishella, "Neokloedenella", Acratia and Acutiangulata, together with Geisina and "Copelandella" are the main elements of the fauna. Carbonate bands occurring within an evaporite sequence contain Chamishaella, Paraparchites, Beyrichiopsis, Acratia and Acutiangulata. -- Species of the genera Chamishaella, Acratia, Acutiangulata, Geisina and "Copelandella" occur in a deltaic environment. -- The Maritime Basin was a shallow embayment of the northern Hercynian Ocean, with a similar though not conspecific fauna to that of Western Europe. The lower diversity and high degree of dominance shown by the Maritime Basin faunas may be a function of several factors including the restricted circulation of sea waters, attendant hypersalinity as well as the limited duration and extent of the transgressive phases.


identifier: Marten, B. (Brian Ernest) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Marten=3AB=2E_=28Brian_Ernest=29=3A=3A.html>   (1977) The relationship between the Aillik Group and the Hopedale Complex, Kaipokok Bay, Labrador.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Hopedale Complex, of Archean age, is a heterogeneous assemblage of banded biotite gneiss, migmatite, amphibolite and granite. A polyphase structural history that pre-dates deposition of the Aillik Group is recognised in the Complex. -- The structurally overlying Aillik Group is an Aphebian volcano sedimentary sequence comprising a lower division of metabasaltic lavas and metasediments, overlain disconformably by an upper division of conglomerate, rhyolite and acid volcanogenic sediments. The Aillik Group is in the order of 3,600 m. thick in the Kitts-Post Hill belt. -- Deformation during the Hudsonian orogeny was characterised by the formation of major tectonic slides and by remobilisation of the Hopedale Complex beneath the Aillik Group, with syntectonic intrusion of a major suite of acid plutons into the Aillik Group. The first two events, D₁ and D₂, were essentially restricted to the basement-cover contact zone, and to certain discrete stratigraphic horizons in the Aillik Group that developed as tectonic slides. Intense flattening and transposition of Archean structures in the Hopedale Complex occurred in a zone up to 700 m. wide at the basement-cover boundary. The Hopedale Complex-Aillik Group unconformity was obliterated and the contact is now marked by a concordant gradational zone of tectonically interleaved refoliated gneiss and amphibolite (Aillik Group metavolcanics). The D₁-D₂ structural zones appear to have been originally subhorizontal, and they are thought to signify essentially translative movement between basement and cover. Major D₁-D₂ thrust slices in the Aillik Group are inferred; some involve wedges of basement gneiss. There is also tenuous evidence for major nappe structures. -- The culminative event was D₃, a regional east-northeast-trending shear-belt style deformation dominated by subvertical tectonic slides that replace the limbs of major folds. Metamorphic conditions were in the middle amphibolite fades, Migmatisation and anatexis of the Hopedale Complex was synchronous with and controlled by the third deformation in a zone subconcordant with the basement-cover contact. Sequential emplacement of three major acid intrusive bodies in the Aillik Group was also synchronous with D₃. -- Uranium mineralisation occurs locally in D₁-D₂ tectonic slides that were major dilational zones at an early stage in their formation. It is thought that uranium was hydrothermally mobilised from the acid volcanic rocks into the D₁-D₂ dilational zones, with reduction and deposition of uranium in amphibolitic, graphite- and sulphide-bearing lithologies. -- Correlation of the lower Aillik Group with the Moran and Mugford Groups in Labrador, and with the Vallen and Sortis Groups in Greenland is suggested. The upper Aillik Group resembles Aphebian acid volcanics in the south end of the Labrador Trough, and Ketilidian supracrustal rocks in southwest Greenland.


identifier: Collins, Celestine James <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Collins=3ACelestine_James=3A=3A.html>   (1992) A fluid inclusion and trace element geochemical study of the granite-hosted, St. Lawrence fluorspar deposits and related host rocks.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The St. Lawrence Fluorspar Deposits, on Newfoundland's south coast, are vein-type deposits hosted by and genetically related to the Devonian St. Lawrence Granite. The alkaline to peralkaline granite was emplaced to high crustal levels in a post-tectonic, extensional regime that followed a major Silurian orogenic event. In the late stages of a protracted cooling history, this relatively dry, hypersolvus granite magma evolved the F-rich fluids from which the veins were formed. -- The fluorspar veins are structurally controlled, occurring as open-space filling in fracture systems that developed in response to both regional stress regimes and localized regimes generated by the cooling and crystallizing of the granite pluton. The vein mineralogy is dominated by fluorite, with lesser amounts of quartz, calcite, barite and minor sulphides. The fluorite is highly variable in colour and primarily coarse grained and delicately banded, although fine grained varieties and breccia zones are common in the larger veins. The vein contacts are mostly sharp with little or no evidence of intense wall-rock alteration along the vein margins. -- The chemical and physical conditions that prevailed during the deposition of the veins were investigated using geochemical and fluid inclusion studies of growth-zoned, brecciated and other more homogenous samples from various veins. The zones and growth directions were defined by macroscopic and microscopic examination of hand specimens, combined with field observations where possible. Growth zones, in the vein samples, range in thickness from 100 to 1 mm, with the majority ranging from 10 to 5 mm. -- Microthermometric investigations of fluid inclusions in fluorite and other vein minerals indicate homogenization temperatures ranging from 500ﾟC to 50ﾟC and fluid salinity ranging from 30 to 0 equivalent weight percent NaCl. As a consequence of the high-level, relatively low-pressure environment in which the veins were formed, it is inferred that homogenization temperatures closely approximate formation temperatures. Variations between growth zones indicate that fluorite precipitation took place through a wide range of fluid temperatures and salinity. The cyclic nature of these variations can be related to individual fluid pulses, which in turn reflect changing fluid conditions within larger evolutionary cycles. The temperature and salinity variations can he accounted for by the unmixing of a supercritical magmatic fluid into a low salinity vapour and a high salinity liquid at near magmatic temperatures. These fluids were further modified by condensation, boiling and mixing as they migrated through the higher levels (low pressure/temperature) of the conduit system. Fluorite precipitation appears to have been primarily in response to the increasing pH of the fluid, caused by boiling or incursion of lower pH ground waters. -- High precision trace element analyses of fluorite, calcite and host rocks were conducted utilizing inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric analysis (ICP-MS), supplemented by whole rock analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectometry (XRF). The fluorite is relatively enriched in Y and REE with the former averaging 660 ppm and the latter 240 ppm. Systematic changes in REE concentrations in fluorite are interpreted to reflect changing fluid conditions from early to late stages of mineralization. The early-stage fluorite is characterized by LREE enrichment and HREE depletion while the late-stage fluorite is characterized by LREE depletion and MREE to HREE enrichment. The systematic variations of REE concentrations in fluorite reflect dramatic changes in fluid composition with progressive evolution. Such REE behavior may be a result of reversals in the dominance of F or Cl complexing of the REE, either in the magmatic or hydrothermal regimes. -- The apparent partitioning of the REE in fluorite was estimated by normalizing the fluorite to a fluid composition calculated, using appropriate vapour/melt partition coefficients, from a late-stage St. Lawrence Granite phase (granitic porphyry dyke). The REE in fluorite suggest a strong influence of the size (ionic radius) of the substituting ion (i.e. crystal structure control) on trace element partitioning, with a preferred substitution site size at or near the ionic radius of Dy (0.103 nm [1.03Å]). Since REE substitution in the fluorite structure is believed to primarily involve 'free-ion' REE species, the relative stability of REE fluoro-complexes, in the aqueous fluid, dramatically affect the availability of REE for substitution. The stability of such aqueous REE-complexes, and consequently the concentration of REE in fluorite, is strongly dependant on the temperature, pH and F activity of the fluid.


identifier: Tohary, Bahmid <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Tohary=3ABahmid=3A=3A.html>   (1993) An evaluation of the design of the proposed Kemuning diversion channel.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The construction of the Kemuning Diversion channel is designed to address the flooding problem of the city of Sampang, Indonesia. Under the proposed scheme the Kemuning River, which causes this flooding (drainage area = 345 km²), will be divided into two channels upstream of the city. The downstream limit for both channels is the Strait of Madura. The diversion channel will carry much of the flood waters away from the old channel through Sampang (population ~ 1,000,000). The proposed design, which was developed by a local engineering consultant, did not include any analysis of possible future channel changes caused by sediment budget imbalances. This thesis is concerned with the analysis of the possible channel changes associated with relatively long periods of operation. The problem was evaluated by using a deductive approach, which involved application of a mobile bed mathematical model of the channel, and an inductive approach, based on regime theory. -- Using the deductive approach, estimated channel changes were derived by solving the sediment-continuity equation together with Laursen's and Yang's method for calculating the rate of sediment transport. Initial sediment movement was determined using a critical hydraulic shear stress, estimated from available soil data in and around the proposed channel. Hydraulic computations, which were also used to calculate the rate of sediment transport, were performed using the standard step method and the Manning equation. To simulate twenty years of hypothetical operation, water discharge inflows of interest were selected using the historical flow duration curve, which was set up as a series of discrete discharges. -- The estimated channel changes were simulated using mean sea level (MSL) as the downstream boundary condition. The channel bottom was found to exhibit aggradation all along its length.


identifier: Prasad, Jagat Nandan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Prasad=3AJagat_Nandan=3A=3A.html>   (1986) A paleomagnetic investigation of early Paleozoic rocks in western Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The results of paleomagnetic studies on carbonate rocks of Cambrian and Ordovician age from the Western Platform of Newfoundland are presented. The study includes tectonically transported Middle Ordovician strata. All the rocks studied are weakly magnetic and so all remanence measurements were made with a cryogenic magnetometer. -- Two characteristic components, "A" and "B", both of reverse polarity, were isolated by thermal demagnetization from each of the Port au Port Group (mid-to Upper Cambrian) and St. George Group (Lower Ordovician) on the Port au Port Peninsula. It was concluded that the "A" component represents a primary or early diagenetic magnetization, corresponding to a Cambrian pole at 3.4°N, 145.6°E and a Lower Ordovician pole at 17.5°N, 152.3°E. The respective "B" component poles seem to be Late Paleozoic (Kiaman) overprints. Magnetic mineralogy studies show that the "A" component is carried by magnetite and the "B" component by diagenetic hematite. -- In the Port au Choix area, the St. George Group did not show evidence of Late Paleozoic overprinting, but yielded a characteristic direction 40° misaligned in declination with the age-equivalent rocks on the Port au Port Peninsula. The remanence, which resides in magnetite, corresponds to a pole at 2O.5°N, 113.3°E and may be a thermoviscous remagnetization related to the Acadian orogeny. -- A single characteristic component with pole at 15.9 N, 153.6°E was isolated from the Middle Ordovician Table Head Group on the Port au Port Peninsula. This component predates the probable Acadian deformation. A polarity change between the uppermost Table Head and the lowermost Long Point Group was identified, though the Long Point rocks mostly yielded unstable magnetizations. -- A magnetization predating the Acadian(?) folding was isolated from the Middle Ordovician strata of the allochthonous Cow Head Group. The corresponding pole position falls close to the poles from the platformal Ordovician rocks, suggesting that these rocks were not transported far. -- The hypothesis of a rotation of western Newfoundland relative to mainland North America is not supported. However, a relative rotation between the Port au Port area and part of the Great Northern Peninsula (north of Cow Head) is possible. -- Key Words: Paleomagnetism; Lower Paleozoic; carbonates; western Newfoundland; primary remanence; Kiaman overprints.


identifier: Nguuri, Teresia Kanyiva <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nguuri=3ATeresia_Kanyiva=3A=3A.html>   (1992) A high resolution seismic reflection study of the carboniferous Bay St. George subbasin, western Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A seismic reflection profile from onshore Bay St. George Subbasin in western Newfoundland was reprocessed and reinterpreted to determine the structure and extent of the Carboniferous rocks. The main emphasis of reprocessing was placed on velocity analyses and dip move-out (DMO). The quality of the data was improved significantly by the reprocessing. A few features which had not been discovered before became evident. An example of this is an unconformity at a depth of 3.0 km to 5.0 km. -- The basin has the configuration of a half graben dipping to the east. The maximum thickness of the Carboniferous sediments is about 5 km in individual depocentres. The basin appears to be bounded downwards by unconformity "U", which separates the Carboniferous rocks from either Lower Palaeozoic rocks or Precambrian rocks. -- The fault system is very complex. A few faults correspond to the surface geology. The pattern of faults suggest that the basin was opened by strike slip movements and later deformed by compressional forces.


identifier: Sears, William Alexander <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sears=3AWilliam_Alexander=3A=3A.html>   (1990) A geochemical, petrographic, and metallogenic analysis of volcanogenic sulphide deposition within the Connaigre Bay Group, Hermitage Peninsula, southern Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Hermitage Peninsula, southern Newfoundland, is underlain by the late Precambrian Connaigre Bay Group, a sequence of felsic to mafic flows, tuffs, and associated volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. The Connaigre Bay Group was intruded by the Ordovician or older Hermitage Bay Complex, Simmons Brook Batholith, and Straddling Granite, and by the Devonian or Carboniferous Pass Island Granite and Harbour Breton Granite. -- The Connaigre Bay Group is host to two significant (≥ 2-3% combined Zn+Pb±(Cu)) volcanogenic massive sulphide showings (Winter Hill and Frenchman Head) and several base-metal-poor massive pyrite occurrences. The mineralized zones occur within a limited stratigraphic interval consisting of the top sequences of the lowermost, dominantly felsic, Tickle Point Formation and the lower portions of the conformably overlying, mainly mafic volcanic, Sam Head Formation. -- The main showing, Winter Hill, displays some characteristics similar to the world class Kuroko deposits. The showing can be divided into two distinct zones. The lower zone is a discordant stringer-zone containing chalcopyrite and pyrite in a gangue dominated by recrystallized quartz, along with minor cordierite, chlorite, and rare andalusite. The upper zone is concordant and contains disseminated to layered massive sphalerite-galena-pyrrhotite-pyrite ± chalcopyrite in a carbonate- and Ca-Mg-silicate-rich gangue. -- The showings and occurrences probably represent deposition during a hiatus in volcanism (i.e. a change from felsic-dominated to mafic-dominated volcanism). The mineralization is situated near, and parallel to, major faults, implying that the faults exerted a structural control on mineral deposition, and provided a conduit along which mineral-rich fluids could be focussed to the seawater-seafloor interface. -- The Connaigre Bay Group displays transitional calcalkaline-tholeiitic characteristics (Tickle Point Fm.), and entirely tholeiitic characteristics (Sam Head Fm. and the conformably overlying mafic volcanic Doughball Point Fm.). Major, trace, and rare earth element chemistry, along with the regional geology, suggest that sulphide deposition occurred in an extensional environment within an island arc environment. Nb depletions and LREE-enriched patterns typify island arc environments, yet high (>3) Zr/Y ratios suggest that there is some crustal contamination within the arc system.


identifier: Soliman, Osama Mahmoud <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Soliman=3AOsama_Mahmoud=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Depositional facies and calcite cementation in the Avalon Formation, Hibernia Oil Field, Jeanne d'Arc Basin, Grand Banks of Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study investigates the Aptian sedimentation and fluid flow patterns in the Avalon Formation, Hibernia field, Jeanne d'Arc basin. Such patterns are analyzed with respect to the tectonics and kinematics of the Hibernia rollover anticline. -- Facies analysis of the cored intervals resulted in the recognition of fifteen facies. These facies were grouped into eight facies associations. Spatial distribution of the laterally equivalent associations was used to construct a series of paleogeographic maps for successively younger intervals. Such maps reveal the repetitive development of estuarine and transgressive barrier island depositional systems. -- The estuarine system occupied a structurally-controlled river valley. The valley was incised into the rollover anticline during regional uplift of the area. The estuarine system was established in the valley consequent to subsidence along valley-bounding faults. This subsidence marks the initiation of extension during a rifting episode. -- The barrier island system was developed during submergence of the rollover anticline. This submergence resulted from active displacement along the listric growth fault. Such displacement reflects an advanced stage of extension during the rifting episode. -- Decline of extension was followed by a regional uplift and re-emergence of the rollover anticline. Resumption of extension caused the revival of the estuarine system, subsequent redevelopment of the barrier island system and resubmergence of the rollover anticline. -- Laterally extensive poikilotopic calcite-cemented beds in the Avalon Formation were used to explore fluid flow in the rollover anticline. Spatial variations in concentrations of trace elements in the calcite cement reflect different flow patterns of the calcite-precipitating fluids. In the barrier island sandstone bodies the fluids flowed preferentially along the depositional strike, from the NW towards the SE. The flow was supported by an apparent structural dip of about 0.066° towards the SE. In the fluvial channel-river mouth bar sandstone bodies, the fluids flowed favourably along the depositional dip, from NE towards SW. -- A fresh water origin is interpreted for the calcite precipitating-fluids. These fluids infiltrated through the Avalon sediments during periods of emergence of the rollover anticline. The fluids flowed from the crest of the anticline towards the SE, S and SW.


identifier: Collins, William T. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Collins=3AWilliam_T=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Bathymetry and sediments of Ngatangiia Harbour and Muri Lagoon, Rarotonga, Cook Islands.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Ngatangiia Harbour and Muri Lagoon are situated on the East side of Rarotonga, Cook Islands. They consist of a reef passage, a harbour up to 3.5 m deep, an inner channel and a lagoon. A shallow reef flat with three islets or motus separates the inner channel from the reef edge. A fourth motu exists on the southern edge of the lagoon. The lagoon is a wide moat 1.25 m below mean sea level at its deepest point. -- Analysis of bathymetric surveys dating from 1948 has provided information on the historical development of the area. The data over the recording period showed an infilling of the harbour from 1948 which accelerated in the 1980's. The channel had little net change in sediment deposition where bathymetry is controlled by reef flat topography. The lagoon had a net loss of sediment over the period for which records are available. -- Hydrodynamics in the lagoon are controlled by two principal forcing mechanisms: deep water waves and tides. A 90% loss of wave height is predicted as an ocean wave crosses the reef at Muri Lagoon. Waves within the lagoon are primarily influenced by deep ocean waves and water level over the reef. Currents in the lagoon are primarily influenced by the amount of water transgressing the reef which closely correlates with the square of the deep water wave height multiplied by the deep water wave period. Tide becomes the dominant forcing mechanism during times of smaller, low frequency deep water waves. The variability of currents observed in the channel and harbour on a daily scale are related to tides and, on a larger scale, to deep water wave conditions. -- Seven sedimentary units have been identified in the study area. These are outer, inner and altered reef flat, lagoon, shoreline, river gravel and Porities boulder fields. Textural analysis of 53 samples shows variable grain size distribution, primarily dependent on transport mechanism. Average grain size for the lagoon and harbour area are coarse sand and, for the channel area, very coarse sand. -- Sediment stability in the lagoon is depth dependent. Sediments in water depths greater than 1 m are in motion about 10% of the time, between 0.75 m and 1 m are in motion about 12% and in depths less than 0.5 m are in motion about 25% of the time. Average transport rates of sediments in the channel were approximately twice that of the reef passage at Ngatangiia. -- The results indicate that the depositional pattern is the result of hydrodynamic processes active during extreme storm events. Subsequent modification of storm deposits is ongoing and accelerated during less-than-extreme storm conditions.


identifier: Gallagher, Jacqueline <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gallagher=3AJacqueline=3A=3A.html>   (1989) Glacial geomorphology and late Quaternary chronology of inner Nachvak Fiord, Northern Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Nachvak Fiord in the central Torngat Mountains has been the subject of several detailed studies, including some which deal with the horizontal and vertical extent of the Wisconsin ice sheet. This study examines the inner fiord to the head of the fiord proper, and draws on data from the entire fiord to provide an evaluation of previous reconstructions of glacial history. -- Several stades or glaciations, involving ice of local and regional origin, are shown by the number and orientation of moraines in the inner fiord area. Examination of ice-flow indicators, including analysis of drift geochemistry, showed that regional ice was predominant during the last stade, while Kogarsok Brook valley was the main source of local ice. Glacial stades of different relative age were detected through morphologic mapping of moraines, measurement of solum development, and observation of weathering characteristics. However, absolute ages were difficult to determine. Soil pits dug on moraines of different altitude showed that time is rarely the only soil-forming factor influencing solum depth; solum depths on moraines of high altitude showed wide variability, while even at lower elevations a single moraine often showed considerable variation in solum depth. -- Analysis of the lithostratigraphy of piston cores extracted from the centre of the fiord provided additional information on the late- and postglacial environment of the region. The cores were not deep enough to penetrate into late Pleistocene sedimentary units previously identified by acoustic survey, and therefore did not provide a correlation with terrestrially-identified glacial sediments. They do, however, show ice-distal and postglacial sedimentation, the most recent facies being dominated by fluvial deposits. Radiocarbon dated shells from the cores indicate that this major facies change occurred 7300- 5200 years BP, thus providing a minimum date for the final influence of pro-glacial deposition in the area. Pollen spectra of two cores correspond well with those from other parts of Labrador, showing a postglacial tundra vegetation, followed by an early increase in shrub pollen (7300 years BP), and a subsequent return to sedge-tundra. -- Raised shorelines in the inner fiord may be indicators of individual stages of glacial retreat. Beach segments were levelled and correlated into thirteen shorelines, ranging in height from 73 to 8 metres above high tide (aht). Some of these were associated with moraines and submarine sills, suggesting that they were formed during glacial stillstands. This indicates that a stage-like retreat from the last ice maximum probably occurred. Very high, continuous shorelines with considerable gradients were levelled in Tasiuyak Arm. Their elevation and tilt may be explained through fairly rapid ice retreat, which allowed them to experience as much uplift older shorelines of the same elevation, recorded in the outer fiord. Alternative possibilities for their tilt, such as postglacial faulting, were also considered. -- At least three phases of glaciation were detected; the youngest Nachvak phase is correlated with the Late Wisconsin, and was the last regional glaciation. In the inner fiord, this phase is characterised by prominent moraines and numerous raised shorelines, suggesting that deglaciation occurred in stages, though overall retreat may have been quite rapid. A previously reported radiocarbon date has been used to show early deglaciation of the fiord, by 9000 BP. Although positive evidence of deglaciation by this time was found to extend only as far as central Tasiuyak Arm, the early date is corroborated by an 8000 BP inner fiord shoreline, and by dates from the piston cores. -- Two inner fiord moraines may be associated with the Nachvak maximum. Moraine K2 indicates that the ice-sheet reached a minimum elevation of 180m aht, while moraine K1 suggests a maximum of about 220m aht. A local ice tongue emanating from Kogarsok Brook appears to have coalesced with the regional ice-sheet at this time. These elevations concur with evidence supporting a restricted Late Wisconsin glaciation by suggesting that the Nachvak ice-sheet was not vertically extensive. Association with the Nachvak moraines dated by Evans and Rogerson (1986) and Bell (1987) implies an 'early' glacial maximum, with retreat beginning by approximately 20 ka BP. The restricted vertical extent of ice implies a restricted horizontal extent; there is no support in the inner fiord for the hypothesis that the Late Wisconsin ice sheet extended beyond the Labrador shelf. -- Older glacial phases are indicated by higher moraines, with a greater degree of weathering. An Adams Lake phase equivalent appears to be evident in moraines west of Kogarsok Brook; ice-flow indicators suggest that moraines M1 and M3 are of local origin, though M3 may be the result of coalescing local and regional ice. If these moraines are of the same age as the Adams Lake phase in the outer fiord, they suggest that local ice activity at this time was more extensive than previously thought. A much earlier glaciation is indicated by fragments of a moraine at approximately 500m aht. This is considered equivalent to the Ivitak phase observed in the Selamiut Mountains, and may be over 70 ka BP.


identifier: Ash, Christopher Henry <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ash=3AChristopher_Henry=3A=3A.html>   (1990) Development and subsequent demise of an oceanic spreading center : the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The sequence of magmatic events present within the lower plutonic crustal section exposed in the Amiandos area of the Troodos ophiolite records the death of a once active oceanic spreading center. At least three and possibly four magmatic episodes are evident on the of basis field relationships. The progressive variation in geometry, scale, composition and texture of these successive magmatic events appears to have resulted from a "decaying" or lowering oceanic geothermal gradient. -- Earliest identified crustal processes record the development of a relatively large (at least 3 to 4 km) open-system magma chamber which is defined by a differentiated plutonic suite of ultramafic to mafic cumulates. -- Lowering geotherms result in a freezing of the axial magma chamber and a lowering of the brittle-ductile transition zone into the lower crust and upper mantle. The axial magma chamber which is initially affected by high temperature ductile deformation accommodates extension by brittle failure which in turn controls the geometry and distribution of subsequent magmatic episodes. These are defined by much smaller fault controlled dike-like bodies that are lithologically and texturally highly variable, but temporally gradational. -- Accompanying the structural change is a significant reduction in the supply of magma to the ridge system. Chemically these magmas become progressively more depleted (REEs and TiO₂) and increasingly refractory (enriched in Mg, Cr and Ni) through time and appear to be correlative with the Troodos lava sequence. -- A definitive explanation for the death of the ridge system at this stage is not possible, however "ridge jumping" or a locking up of the subduction system from which the Troodos crust was being generated due to collision, are possible candidates.


identifier: Jayasinghe, Nimal Ranjith <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Jayasinghe=3ANimal_Ranjith=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Granitoids of the Wesleyville area in northeastern Newfoundland : a study of their evolution and geological setting.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Granitic rocks occupy more than three quarters of the Wesleyvllle area. They consist of eight granitoids, namely, the Wareham Quartz Monzonite and the Cape Freels, Lockers Bay, Deadman's Bay, Newport, North Pond, Business Cove and Big Round Pond granites. The first five of these intrusions are megacrystic - characterized by > 2 cm long microcline crystals set in a finer grained "matrix". The North Pond and the Business Cove granites are garnetiferous, two-mica granites. The Big Round Pond pluton is a medium-grained biotite granite. Radiometric ages, field relationships and structural evidence indicate that the granitoids have been emplaced in the Silurian to Carboniferous times. -- The country rocks of the granitoids are represented by two gneissic units: the Square Pond Gneiss and the Hare Bay Gneiss. The Square Pond Gneiss consists of psammitic to semi-pelitic gneiss, schist and metasediment with an eastward prograding metamorphism from greenschist to amphibolite facies. The Hare Bay Gneiss consists mostly of migmatite in the amphibolite facies. The contact between the two gneiss terrains is marked by a "migmatite front". -- The gneisses have been deformed at least twice before the migmatization. The peak metamorphism and the migmatization have occurred during a third deformation event, the latter part of which has also included the emplacement of the Wareham, North Pond and the Business Cove plutons. A fourth deformation event has produced two major, north-northeast-trending sinistral shear zones in the area. The western one cuts through the North Pond, Wareham and the Lockers Bay plutons. The easterly shear zone has deformed the western margin of the Cape Freels Granite and the adjacent Hare Bay Gneiss. Age relationships between these shear zones and the Dover Fault are not known. The Deadman's Bay Granite post-dates the shear zone and pre-dates a suite of north-south trending alkalic basalt dikes. The dikes are truncated by the Newport and the Big Round Pond granites. -- Geoehemical work indicates that the North Pond Granite could have been derived by the fractionation of feldspars and biotite from a Wareham Quartz Monzonite-tvpe magma. The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and the chemistry of the megacrystic granitoids and the Big Round Pond Granite suggest that they could have been produced by the partial melting of greywacke. -- None of the plate-tectonic models so far proposed adequately explain the development of the Gander Zone. No new plate-tectonic model has been proposed in the present study but it adds a few more constraints to future plate-models dealing with the Gander Zone in Newfoundland.


identifier: Evans, D. J. A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Evans=3AD=2E_J=2E_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1984) Glacial geomorphology and chronology in the Selamiut range / Nachvak fiord area, Torngat Mountains, Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The summits of the Selamiut Range are the highest in the Torngat Mountains of northern Labrador and contain some of the only permanent ice bodies of the eastern Canadian mainland. As they may have constituted a physical barrier to ice moving eastward from the Ungava ice-dispersal centre, their glacial history is elaborate in a regional context. Consequently a complex interaction of local and regional ice masses is manifest in the morphochronological record dating from the Late Quaternary through the Holocene. -- Physiographically the Selamiut Range is a plateau, dominated by deep cirques and cirque outlet valleys with precipitous bounding rock walls. Colluvial processes are extremely active and consequently many surficial units have been extensively remodelled in dynamic landscape systems. -- The northern half of the field area contains a wealth of glacial and periglacial landform assemblages and former local and regional ice activity has been determined from the cross-cutting relationships of certain morainic features. -- Within the McCornick River Valley a sequence of shorelines documents the depths and extent of ice-dammed lakes during glaciation. A further 33 metre marine limit demarcates former sea level during the final glaciation of the area. -- Three glaciations or stillstands are suggested for the field area after consideration of the landform evidence and are named the Ivitak, Nachvak and Superguksoak Glaciations. -- The adoption of a 1.5 cm ka ⁻¹ soil development rate dates the three glaciations or stillstands for the Selamiut/Nachvak area; the Ivitak Glaciation at >>40 ka; the Nachvak Glaciation at c.23 ka; and the Superguksoak I Glaciation at 10-12 ka. B.P. Two further Neoglacial events were restricted to the cirque basins and are correlated locally by a combination of pedology, lichenometry and morphologic superimposition. -- A number of chronocorrelative inferences are made for northern Labrador based upon the existing empirical data. Glacial styles appear to differ quite considerably from fiord to fiord along the coastal section of the Torngat Mountains. The solution of discrepancies within the general northern Labrador chronology resides in the successful construction of an absolute dating framework for the marine limits of the region. Relative chronologies may then attain a significant applicability.


identifier: Chatman, Shawn Michael Edward <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chatman=3AShawn_Michael_Edward=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Morphological and magnetic characterization of electrodeposited magnetite.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis describes the synthesis, structure, morphology, and magnetic property relations of electrodeposited magnetite. Thin film magnetite was synthesized on polycrystalline brass or Au/Cr/glass substrates using an aqueous electrodeposition technique. Magnetite formation in electrolytes (containing KCH₃COO and Fe(SO₄)₂(NH₄)₂) required temperatures between 60°C and 85°C, and deposition potentials between -0.300 V and 0.575 V or galvanostatic current densities between 50 μA/cm² and 88 μA/cm². Magnetite crystallites had an octahedral habit when grown from electrolytes with low acetate concentrations, and a more rounded morphology when grown from acetate-enriched electrolytes. Magnetic hysteresis studies show that magnetite grown with lower acetate concentrations displays monotonically increasing coercivity (100-300 Oe), and monotonically decreasing squareness (80-35%), with increasing overpotential. In contrast, magnetite grown from acetate-enriched electrolytes had a much lower squareness (~ 25%) and coercivity (~ 50 Oe). This evidence suggests that potential and electrolyte composition can be adjusted to change domain behaviour from pseudo-single domain type (for low overpotentials and low acetate concentrations) to multi-domain type (for either high overpotentials or high acetate concentration). -- Magnetic hysteresis data also show that an exchange bias is present in samples
containing both magnetite and iron oxide hydroxides. A preliminary study has shown that it is difficult to electrodeposit distinct bilayers of magnetite and the antiferromagnetic iron hydroxide goethite (α-FeOOH).


identifier: Ren, Tingting <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ren=3ATingting=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Morphology and optical property control of electrodeposited zinc oxide.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Active-matrix liquid crystal displays (LCDs) can be made brighter and more efficient by using optically transparent thin film transistors (TFTs). Economical pro-duction, small size, and control of defects are all essential factors in introducing transparent semiconductors into TFT device applications. As potential candidates for TFT applications, semiconducting ZnO thin films (300 nm to 2 μm thickness) were economically synthesized on stainless steel substrates using electrodeposition in this thesis work. Scanning Electron Microscopy images show that applied deposition voltage affects ZnO crystallite morphologies and deposition time influences crystallite sizes. Ultraviolet-Visible reflectance measurements show that the ZnO bandgap energy increases with more negative deposition potentials, and varies inversely with film thickness and aging time, ranging from 3.1 eV to 3.4 eV. One of the likely reasons for the bandgap energy dependence with film thickness, applied potential, and aging time is a hydrogen-induced Moss-Burstein effect. Hydrogen is evolved from the aqueous solution during electrodeposition, and it can be incorporated as an electron donor and increase the bandgap energy. Defects also appear to play a role in restricting hydrogen diffusion.


identifier: Sheng, Jinyu <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sheng=3AJinyu=3A=3A.html>   (1991) Remote determination of suspended sediment size and concentration by multi-frequency acoustic backscatter.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Suspended sediment concentration and size are obtained simultaneously from multi-frequency acoustic profiling data collected in the nearshore zone with the newly developed Remote Acoustic Sediment TRANsport (RASTRAN) System 1. It appears to be the first time that both suspended sediment size and concentration have been obtained in the ocean from acoustic profiling data. The inversion method for data analysis is based on a semi-empirical expression for the scattering cross section of sand. Straight stainless steel wires are used as standard targets to determine the acoustic sounder sensitivities. Laboratory measurements, with a suspended sediment jet, and four periods of field measurements from Stanhope Beach, Prince Edward Island are analysed. It is demonstrated that in the laboratory measurements the systematic error is about +12% in concentration, and about -19% in size. The RASTRAN concentration data from the field experiments are in reasonably good agreement with Optical Backscattering Sensor (OBS) measurements at the same height above bottom. The time-mean profiles of particle concentration for the four selected field runs follow a power law in the nearbed region, above which the concentration profile can be expressed mainly by an exponential function. Suspended particle sizes are more uniform than concentration in the vertical. Both size and concentration profiles vary significantly with the wave energy level. The vertical profile of sediment eddy diffusivity Ks is calculated from the time-mean profiles of particle concentration and size by assuming a balance on average between vertical diffusion and settling. It is shown that the sediment eddy diffusivity is a linear function of height in the nearbed region, then decreases slightly with height. It is demonstrated that the horizontal wave flux affects the total suspended sediment transport, while the vertical wave flux has important effects on the vertical profiles of sediment eddy diffusivity. By eliminating the effects of vertical wave flux from Ks, it is found that the vertical profile of eddy diffusivity due to turbulence is analogous to the profile of eddy viscosity proposed by Smith and McLean.


identifier: Mohanty, Priya Ranjan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mohanty=3APriya_Ranjan=3A=3A.html>   (1984) Migration by the diffraction stack method.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Computer programmes were developed to implement the diffraction stack migration scheme. In order to test the above technique, zero offset synthetic seismograms were generated for two simple models; a dipping layer and an anticline. Later the diffraction stack algorithm was applied to the field seismic data for the Adolphus structure. -- The general structure of the subsurface reflectors were better clarified in the migrated sections than the unmigrated sections for both synthetic and field seismic data. The anticline breadth was reduced in both synthetic and field migrated sections after collapsing the diffraction patterns generated at the sharp boundaries. The salt flank in Adolphus structure was delineated better than the original stacked section. It is also observed from migrated sections on the two synthetic models that the diffraction stack method works efficiently for steep dip reflectors up to dip angle 40 degrees.


identifier: Awadallah, Sherif Abdel Monem <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Awadallah=3ASherif_Abdel_Monem=3A=3A.html>   (1992) Late Quaternary marine, deltaic and fluvial deposits, Kanairiktok Valley, coastal central Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Kanairiktok River Valley, central coastal Labrador, extends more than 100 km inland at about 54°45'N latitude. Three of the five sedimentary units in the bluffs of the modern river were deposited in a marine embayment that occupied the isostatically depressed area during the Late Quaternary. The lateral relationships between the units are poorly known due to limited chronological control. The oldest units (units A and B) were deposited from surface sediment plumes originating from several points of fresh water input into the marine fjord, and from a variety of density currents. Unit B contains rare shells that have been dated at 7950 ± 95 yr B.P. (Beta-28885). Evidence for marine conditions comes from the local occurrence of (a) a periglacial shell community including Portlandia arctica and Mya arenaria, (b) benthic foraminifera including Elphidium excavatum f. clavata, Cassidulina reniforme and Islandiella helenae, and (c) marine dinocysts (Brigantedinium). Density currents became progressively more dominant as fjord-head and side-entry deltas prograded. Due to rapid rates of emergence, marine conditions existed for less than 2000 years in the thesis area (from about 8-6 ka), and perhaps for only a few hundred years in the western part of the area nearest the ice margin. Proximal deltaic sediments were deposited from fjord-head and side-entry deltas as the middle and eastern parts of the study area were emerging (upper part of Unit B and parts of Unit C). The marine and deltaic sediments are overlain by either local aeolian sands of Unit C or fluvial deposits of Unit D. The fluvial system truncated and reworked part of the underlying deltaic and marine sediments. A glacial re-advance may have occurred after the western part of the area became emergent, depositing ice-contact glaciofluvial sediments of units C and D and possibly till (Unit E) over marine muds. Alternatively, some Unit E deposits may have been deposited by debris flows of glaciogenic sediments. -- The main contributions of the thesis are: (1) description and interpretation of the postglacial sedimentary record of the Kanairiktok Valley area, (2) a local chronology of deglaciation and sea level, (3) the first sedimentological, micropalaeontological and process link between marine studies (Labrador Shelf and modern bays) and the land record of Quaternary events in coastal Labrador.


identifier: Knapp, Douglas Alan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Knapp=3ADouglas_Alan=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Ophiolite emplacement along the Baie Verte-Brompton Line at Glover Island, western Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Glover Island Area of western Newfoundland spans the Humber-Dunnage Zone Boundary at the northern end of the Appalachian Orogen. Here a deformed ophiolitic pluton separates schists and gneisses (west) from mafic volcanic rocks (east). To the west, quartzo-feldspathic gneisses of the Cobble Cove Gneiss are structurally overlain by the Keystone Schist. To the east, the ophiolitic Grand Lake Complex is structurally juxtaposed against the Keystone Schist and unconformably overlain by volcanic rocks of the Glover Group. Farther east the Glover Group is unconformably overlain by the Corner Pond Formation and to the south, volcanic rocks and dykes of the Otter Neck Group are unconformably overlain by the Red Point Formation. -- The Cobble Cove Gneiss consists of granodioritic gneiss and metasomatized mafic dykes. It is followed eastward by metamorphosed greywackes, quartzites, conglomerates and mafic volcanics of the Keystone Schist. Intruded by mafic dykes and trondhjemite, cumulate ultramafic and mafic rocks of the Grand Lake Complex are structurally juxtaposed against the Keystone Schist. The Glover Group unconformably overlies the Grand Lake Complex and is divided into a lower metasedimentary unit termed the Kettle Pond Formation which contains abundant clasts derived from the underlying ophiolite, and an upper metavolcanic unit termed the Tuckamore Formation. Pillow basalts and mafic tuffs of the Tuckamore Formation are similar to low-K tholeiites. The Otter Neck Group consists of tholeiitic sheeted dykes and aquagene tuffs intruded by porphyries geochemically comparable to the Tuckamore Formation. It is unconformably overlain by metasediments of the Red Point Formation which are correlated with the Corner Pond Formation. Arenig conodants have been recovered from a newly discovered fossil locality within the Corner Pond Formation. -- The Cobble Cove Gneiss is interpreted as Grenvillian basement overlain by a Paleozoic metaclastic cover represented by the Keystone Schist. The Grand Lake Complex and Otter Neck Group are interpreted to represent Iapetus Ocean crust obducted during Taconic Ordgenesis. Exhumation during ophiolite obduction led to the formation of unconformities upon which the Glover Group, Red Point Formation and Corner Pond Formation were deposited. Similarities in lithology and structural sequence between Glover Island and Baie Verte indicate that the Baie Verte-Brompton Line is continuous between these two localities.


identifier: Doucette, Laurel Catherine <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Doucette=3ALaurel_Catherine=3A=3A.html>   (1977) Skill and status: traditional expertise within a rural Canadian family.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In order to determine the factors regulating the achievement of status in a family setting, a ten-member rural Canadian sibling group, characterized by a high degree of specialization in various traditional skills, is studied. By means of an examination of nine distinct cases where individual informants perceive themselves or are perceived by their siblings as experts in various oral, psychic or manual skills, certain factors are seen to be influential in regulating the achievement of status. In the first place, the choice of field is limited to those traditional activities to which prestige is attached by the family and which are perceived as areas of family specialization. Choice of field is further limited to areas deemed appropriate to the age and sex of the individual. Secondly, three major factors are seen to influence the achievement of status within any given field. Age and sex provide either direct influence, as when a specific age or sex is seen as a prerequisite for expertise in a specific field; or indirect influence, as when circumstances combine to provide an advantage to one group over another, with the advantage generally falling to older members of the sibling group. Parental approval of both the skill and the individual involved in it is a third major factor. Two minor factors, sibling rivalry and public approval, exist, but are of minimal importance within the group under study. Finally, it is seen that status positions are maintained, even if the individual expert no longer practices the skill, for reasons of the psychological and emotional benefits derived by the other members of the sibling group and the family at large.


identifier: Nurse, Lionel Livingstone <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nurse=3ALionel_Livingstone=3A=3A.html>   (1974) Spatial reorganization and the Barbados sugar industry.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study examines some aspects of spatial  reorganization in the Sugar Industry of Barbados. More specifically, it focuses on location allocation problems for sugar cane in both short term and future situations. The problems relate to the method of allocating canes between farms and factories, and to the reorganization of the factory system. The objective of the thesis is to create an efficient method of sugar cane allocation, and to arrive at location decisions for a reduced number of factories given increased efficiency in the industry as a desirable goal. -- The methodology used is linear programming. This technique allows the utilization of scarce resources as effectively as possible, given the peculiar constraints of individual situations. Allocation solutions are found for the harvests of 1973 and 1974. The results yield valuable insights into the scheduling aspects of allocation, implications regarding locational advantage of the various estates and cane producing peasant farms, as well as a partial pricing structure for the industry. -- From the allocation results the scope of the thesis develops to embrace the whole issue of centralization within a historical and contemporary context. Four factories are taken as the optimal number for an improved system and optimum locations are found for them as well as the resultant changed allocations. -- The rationale for the thesis comes from the crucial importance of the sugar industry in the economy of the island with a contribution of over 50% of the value of all visible exports, from the sale of sugar and by products. More importantly the industry is currently going through a period of crisis and if massive reorganization in all facets of its structure is not undertaken then collapse seems inevitable in the very near future. The thesis therefore suggests new approaches to some managerial aspects of reorganization, and the possible implications of any such changes for the entire Sugar Industry of Barbados.


identifier: Raman-Nair, Wayne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Raman-Nair=3AWayne=3A=3A.html>   (1990) Stress analysis of poroelastic seabed slopes under wave loading using the boundary element method.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The effect of wave forces on the stability of a sloping seabed is investigated using linear wave theory and Biot's theory of poroelasticity. The wave forces on the slope, the wave-induced effective stresses and pore pressures are all computed by the boundary element method. Full derivations are presented for the boundary integral equations and fundamental solutions of the poroelastic theory for the case of sinusoidal loading conditions. The wave-induced stress field is combined with the in-situ stress field and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is used to determine the zone of incipient failure. It is found that wave induced stresses must be analysed throughout an entire wave cycle in order to assess the likelihood of failure and also that the stability of a slope under waves is strongly dependent on the initial stress distribution.