title: Animals, Animality, and Violence: Reading Across Species in J. M. Coetzee's Writing

contributor:
Jolly, Rosemary
Berg, Maggie
English

subject:
Animals
Animality
Literature
J. M. Coetzee

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-04 16:52:47.618

abstract: This thesis examines the writings of Nobel Laureate J. M. Coetzee in order to explore pressing issues that have emerged in literary, philosophical, and theoretical approaches to animal studies.  These include animals as disputed objects in claims to territorial, national, and cultural belonging; and the use of animality to manage cultural difference and mobilize identity-based violence.  I investigate the roles that hierarchical discourses of species, and the rhetorics of animality that mobilize them, play in cultural and social inscription, cross-cultural conflict, and cultures of violence in the writing of J.M. Coetzee.  My dissertation provides historical, material, and cultural context and specificity to the entanglements of race, gender, and culture with the rhetoric and hermeneutics of species, by demonstrating how colonial, Enlightenment, and traditional humanist thought mobilizes speciesism for the cultural work of violence.  Intervening in assumptions about the irreconcilability of animal- and human-endorsing approaches to animal studies, I demonstrate that human and non-human animals alike are mutually implicated in conceptual economies that employ animality as a trope; and in the material logistics that mobilize discourses that surround nonhuman animals to do violence to human and nonhuman animals.  Coetzee embeds questions about what nonhuman animals mean, or more precisely are made to mean, firmly within the broader politics of interpreting and recognizing alterity, regardless of species, while asking how animals might have a place—in our worlds, in our thought, and in our interventionist strategies—as more than means to human ends.  Coetzee’s fictional and critical engagements with nonhuman animals, I argue, comprise a major reassessment of the codes of, and struggles concerning, human and nonhuman animal correspondence and difference.  Highlighting the complex interrelations between the cross-cultural violence that mobilizes the rhetoric of species and its attendant violations of nonhuman animal life, Coetzee challenges speciesist schemata that give nonhuman animals symbolic and material currency by imagining how we might read across species differently, in ways that affirm, rather than master, nonhuman animal life.

abstract: I am restricting this thesis in order that I may have the possibility of obtaining a publishing contract for a monograph revised from my dissertation.

abstract: PhD


title: Management and Sensing of Spectrum in Cognitive Radio

contributor:
Gazor, Saeed
Mathematics and Statistics

rights: This publication is made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws without written authority from the copyright owner.

subject:
Cognitive Radio
Spectrum Management
Spectrum Sensing

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-04 18:23:24.845

abstract:
Under the contemporary spectrum usage regulations, radio frequency bands are allocated statically to licensed users in a large geographical area and over a long period of time. Recent investigations have revealed that such static spectrum allocation has led to very poor usage of the overall spectrum. Cognitive radio has emerged as a new communication paradigm to improve the utilization of the radio spectrum. It is defined as an intelligent wireless communication system that allows coexistence of unlicensed users with the licensed ones as long as the perceived interference at the licensed user is capped below some acceptable level. In addition, the users in this system adopt efficient communication protocols to enhance spectral efficiency.

We employ cooperative mechanisms wherein multiple users cooperate in order to accomplish the following tasks:
1) Cooperative spectrum sensing: In this task, the licensed users do not actively engage. Instead, the unlicensed users passively monitor the activity of the licensed users and transmit only during their absence. 2) Cooperative spectrum management: The licensed and unlicensed users can benefit from cooperation with each other, e.g., they can assist each other in transmission via relaying. In this fashion, they can save power or bandwidth and therefore, the whole network can accommodate more users.
\end{itemize}

In the first part of this thesis, we focus on cooperative spectrum sensing. We first study the performance of the optimal distributed detectors as the number of samples increases and identify the conditions under which the highest or lowest asymptotic performance is achieved. For each condition, we study several suboptimal detectors and obtain novel asymptotic expressions for their performance. We then consider distributed detection of an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal source. We propose different optimal and suboptimal frequency-domain detectors and derive closed form expressions for their performance. These frequency-domain detectors, despite their lower computational complexity, outperform the state-of-the-art time-domain detectors. Finally, we consider distributed spectrum sensing in mixture-Nakagami fading channels. We propose several novel detectors that significantly outperform the traditional detectors. In all these cases, we prove that the suboptimal detectors are asymptotically optimal, i.e., their performance converges to the Uniformly Most Powerful (UMP) tests as the number of samples increases.

In the second part of the thesis, we focus on cooperative spectrum management. We study the problem of cooperative relay selection and power allocation and determine the conditions, in terms of channel gains and network geometry,  under which such cooperation leads to an increase in rate, or a reduction in power and bandwidth usage. Lastly, we propose cooperative protocols that exploit these results and greatly enhance spectrum efficiency.

abstract: PhD


title: Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships for chronic toxicity of alkyl-benz[a]anthracenes to early life-stages Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

creator:
Morandi, Garrett
Hodson, Peter
Brown, Stephen

subject: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

subject: Partition Controlled Delivery

subject: Benz[a]anthracene

subject: Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)

subject: 7-Methylbenz[a]anthracene

abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are hydrophobic environmental contaminants known to impact survival and reproduction in fish species. This study tested the toxicity of benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A) and 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-MeB[a]A) to early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using the partition controlled delivery (PCD) method of exposure and the relationship between toxicity and the log of octanol- water partition coefficient (log P). The exposure method PCD provides stable exposure concentrations maintained at and below the solubility limit of test chemicals throughout chronic toxicity assays. It relies on the partitioning of the test chemical from prepared poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) films, loaded with various concentrations of chemical, to the exposure solution. Aqueous solubility limits and film: solution partition coefficients (log Kfs) were determined. The prevalence of blue sac disease (BSD) in exposed medaka embryos was used to determine median effective concentration (EC50) of the two congeners. The test chemical 7-MeB[a]A was more toxic than B[a]A, and toxicity increased with log P. These results will further contribute to models for assessing the risk of PAH mixtures as well as to our understanding of how toxicity is affected by alkylation.


title: Integrating the effects of climate change and caribou herbivory on vegetation community structure in low Arctic tundra

contributor:
Grogan, Paul
Biology

subject:
climate change
terrestrial ecology
nutrient cycling
caribou browsing
experimental warming
soil fertility
arctic tundra
shrub expansion

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-07 15:13:21.698

abstract: Arctic tundra vegetation communities are rapidly responding to climate warming with increases in aboveground biomass, particularly in deciduous shrubs. This increased shrub density has the potential to dramatically alter the functioning of tundra ecosystems through its effects on permafrost degradation and nutrient cycling, and to cause positive feedbacks to global climate change through its impacts on carbon balance and albedo. Experimental evidence indicates that tundra plant growth is most strongly limited by soil nutrient availability, which is projected to increase with warming. Therefore research to date into the mechanisms driving tundra 'shrub expansion' has taken a 'bottom-up' perspective, overlooking the potential role of herbivory in mediating plant-soil interactions. In this thesis, I integrate the impacts of climate warming and caribou browsing on tundra vegetation community structure, and specifically investigate if increases in soil fertility with warming might lead to changes in vegetation biomass and chemistry that could fundamentally alter herbivore-nutrient cycling feedbacks, shifting the role of caribou browsing from restricting shrub growth to facilitating it. Using experimental greenhouses, nutrient addition plots, and caribou exclosures at Daring Lake Research Station in the central Canadian low Arctic, I showed that warming increased soil nutrient availability and plant biomass, and that caribou browsing restricted tundra shrub growth under present conditions. Plant and soil nutrient pool responses to warming demonstrated that increased growing season temperatures enhanced tundra plant growth both by increasing soil nutrient availability and by inferred increases in the rate of photosynthesis, however that the former process was comparatively more limiting. Species- and plant part-specific changes in biomass and chemistry with warming and fertilization clearly indicated the rate and magnitude of change in soil fertility substantially alters plant community structure. Nonetheless, since plant nutrient concentrations decreased with warming and plant responses to browsing were independent of soil fertility, I did not find evidence for a shift from caribou decelerating to accelerating nutrient cycling with warming. Altogether this research indicates effective conservation and management of Rangifer populations is critical to understanding how climate change will affect tundra vegetation trajectories and ultimately tundra ecosystem carbon balances.

abstract: PhD


title: Navigation in Wheeled Mobile Robots Using Kalman Filter Augmented with Parallel Cascade Identification to Model Azimuth Error

contributor:
Noureldin, Aboelmagd
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Navigation
Kalman Filter
Parallel Cascade Identificaton
Global Positioning System
Inertial Navigation System

abstract: Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-11 18:13:12.625

abstract:
Unmanned ground mobile robots are land-based robots which do not have a human passenger on board. They can be either autonomous, or controlled via telecommunication. For navigational purposes, GPS is often used. However, the GPS signal can be distorted in obstructive environments such as tunnels, urban canyons, and dense forests. IMUs can be used to provide an internal navigational solution, free from external input. However, low cost IMUs are prone to various intrinsic sources of error, which leads to large errors in the long run.
Using the short term accuracy of the IMU, and the long term accuracy of the GPS, these two technologies are often integrated to combine the aforementioned aspects of the two systems. For integration of the two, various methods are implemented. Such integration methods include Particle Filters, and Kalman Filters. Kalman Filters are commonly used due to their simplicity in calculations. However, the Kalman Filter linearizes the nonlinear error estimates which are inherent with low cost IMUs. The Kalman Filter also does not account for IMU measurement drift, which is present when the measurement unit is used for a long period of time.
In this thesis, a Parallel Cascade Identification (PCI) algorithm is augmented with the Kalman Filter (KF) to model the nonlinear errors which are intrinsic to the low cost IMU. The method of integration used was 2D GPS/RISS loosely coupled integration using a Kalman Filter. The PCI algorithm modelled the nonlinear error for the z-axis gyroscope while the GPS signal was available. During a GPS outage, the PCI nonlinear error model was combined with the KF estimated error and the mechanization error, to provide a corrected azimuth. The KFPCI algorithm showed an improvement over the KF algorithm in RMS position error, maximum position error, RMS azimuth error, and maximum azimuth error by an average of 30.76%, 34.71%, 66.76%, and 53.58% in each of the respective areas.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Characterization of NfxB and PA4596, Two Repressors of the mexCD-oprJ Operon Encoding an RND-Type Multidrug Efflux Pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

contributor:
Poole, R. Keith
Microbiology and Immunology

subject:
Gene Regulation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Multidrug Efflux

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Microbiology & Immunology) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-12 12:07:28.67

abstract: MexCD-OprJ is an RND-type multidrug efflux pump present in P. aeruginosa and is capable of exporting, and as such providing resistance to, several clinically important antimicrobials including fluoroquinolones, cephems, macrolides, and several biocides including chlorhexidine (CHX).  Expression of mexCD-oprJ is negatively regulated by NfxB, a LacI-type repressor.  The promoter region of mexCD-oprJ was identified and included two inverted repeat operator sites, B1 and B2, both of which are required in order for NfxB to bind, thereby repressing mexCD-oprJ.  NfxB oligomerizes into a tetramer in solution and likely functions as a dimer of NfxB homodimers.  In addition to being derepressed by loss of NfxB, MexCD-OprJ is inducible by a variety of non-antibiotic membrane-damaging agents (MDAs) such as CHX.  A homologue of NfxB, PA4596, was found to be induced in response to CHX-promoted envelope stress in an AlgU-dependent manner and is directly repressed by NfxB.  Loss of PA4596 resulted in increased resistance to the biocide CHX, shown to be a result of increased CHX-dependent expression of mexCD-oprJ.  Susceptibility to CHX was restored upon expression of PA4596 from the plasmid pAK1900 as was decreased expression of mexCD-oprJ in the presence of CHX, indicating that PA4596 contributes to mexCD-oprJ repression in the presence of CHX.  PA4596 was found to form oligomers in solution, likely dimers and tetramers.  In the absence of NfxB, PA4596 is unable to contribute to repression of mexCD-oprJ.  However, NfxB and PA4596 interact and together form a repressor capable of regulating mexCD-oprJ expression.  Screening of transposon mutants for increased resistance to erythromycin potentially indicative of increased mexCD-oprJ expression lead to the identification of several novel genes including PA0479, cupA3, faoA, PA3259, mucD, and clpA whose loss generated a multidrug resistance profile consistent with increased production of MexCD-OprJ.  However, further studies are required to determine how each of these genes may be affecting expression of mexCD-oprJ.

abstract: PhD


title: Testing an Integrated Interpersonal Theory of Depression: The Role of Dysphoria, Negative Relationship Cognitions and Excessive Reassurance-Seeking in Predicting Rejection

contributor:
Harkness, Kate
Psychology

subject:
romantic relationships
rejection
interpersonal theories
core beliefs
excessive reassurance-seeking
depression

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-13 13:39:01.64

abstract: Coyne’s (1976) interpersonal theory of depression proposes that individuals suffering from depressive symptoms tend to engage in excessive reassurance-seeking (ERS), defined as repetitively asking for assurances from close others about one’s lovability and worth. Research has shown that ERS is associated with negative evaluations from close others and lower partner-reported romantic relationship satisfaction, specifically (Starr & Davila, 2008). In a recent elaboration of Coyne’s theory, Evraire and Dozois (2011) proposed that ERS might only lead to rejection among individuals who possess core beliefs about the instability and unpredictability of relationships. The primary goal of the current study was to provide the first empirical test of this revised model. Furthermore, I sought to extend previous research in 2 important ways by: 1) employing both self-reported and behaviorally-assessed measures of ERS and 2) defining rejection in objective, behavioral terms. I recruited a sample of 118 women who attended an initial laboratory session with their male dating partners. The couple completed measures of ERS, depressive symptoms, anxious attachment (AA), rejection sensitivity (RS), and relationship satisfaction, and engaged in a laboratory task that was later coded for incidences of female ERS. AA and RS were combined to index core beliefs reflecting insecurity in relationships (i.e., “negative relationship cognitions”; NRC). Women completed a contextual interview to retrospectively assess historical romantic relationship rejection events. The women were re-contacted four months later to determine their relationship status. Consistent with hypotheses, behavioral ERS was significantly associated with concurrent male relationship dissatisfaction, but only among dysphoric women with high NRC. Surprisingly, ERS was only significantly associated with historical rejection in non-dysphoric women with low levels of NRC. In the prospective models, I found a main effect of self-reported ERS on partner-initiated rejection, but behavioral ERS was only associated with rejection among non-dysphoric women. My results were inconsistent with theory and previous research in models defining rejection behaviorally. Thus, I proposed revisions to existing interpersonal models to better capture the relationship between ERS and “real-world” rejection. My results underscore the importance of evaluating ERS in a particular relationship when predicting rejection outcomes in that specific relationship.

abstract: PhD


title: OPTIMAL METHODS OF COLLECTING COMMUNITY BENEFITS FROM DEVELOPERS WHEN HIGHER DENSITY IS GRANTED: A CASE STUDY IN THE CITY OF TORONTO

subject:
Section 37
Ontario
Density
Bonus
Planning Act
Planning
Municipal Finance
Community Benefits

abstract: A report submitted to the School of Urban and Regional Planning In conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban and Regional Planning

abstract: The central question this report seeks to answer is: How should community benefit charges apply when higher density is granted for a parcel of land, in order to generate the maximize revenue for the municipality, in the most efficient way without discouraging higher density development where desired? The underlying assumption is that Toronto’s current method of negotiating with developers on a case-by-case basis, and without consideration of real estate economics is not generating the optimal revenue that could be generated from community benefits.

abstract: Queen's University


title: Factors mediating the distribution and impact of the non-native invertebrate predator Bythotrephes longimanus

contributor:
Arnott, Shelley E.
Beisner, Beatrix (UQAM)
Biology

subject:
Community Ecology
diel vertical migration
Biotic Resistance
Invasion Biology
Predator-Prey Interactions
Adaptive Behaviour
Introduced Predator
Daphnia
Zooplankton
Invertebrate Predation

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-17 09:26:35.221

abstract:
Predicting the impacts of non-native species remains one of the greatest challenges to invasion ecologists. Because of their insularity, freshwater systems are particularly vulnerable to invasions, especially from non-native predators. The research in this thesis explores the role of abiotic and biotic factors in mediating the distribution and impact of Bythotrephes longimanus, a predatory cladoceran that has been introduced to freshwater systems in North America. Although the general impacts of this invasion have been documented, little is known about the factors that modulate them. Using a combination of field surveys and experiments, I tested several hypotheses concerning the influence of interactions with native species, as well as the role of heterogeneity in the light environment, in mediating the impact of Bythotrephes.
	Results demonstrated that biotic resistance by native macroinvertebrate predators does not play a limiting role in the establishment success of Bythotrephes. However, the within-lake distribution of Bythotrephes was influenced by these macroinvertebrates, suggesting that the native predator context matters when trying to understand the impacts of non-native predators. This was demonstrated with a mesocosm experiment in which the impact of Bythotrephes was constrained by the native Chaoborus larvae. In terms of the abiotic environment, in situ feeding experiments demonstrated that refuges from impact could exist for some prey taxa, as the outcome of predation by Bythotrephes was dependent on light availability and some prey taxa were more successful at evading predation under low light conditions. Finally, results show that adaptive behaviour by prey is also an important determinant of impact, as migrating Daphnia can escape predation effects by Bythotrephes. The combination of light-limited predation and a shallow distribution by Bythotrephes selects for prey that occupy relatively deeper positions during the day.
	As a whole, this research highlights the importance of complex interactions in mediating the impact of Bythotrephes and may help to explain some of the variation that has been documented among invaded lakes. A better understanding of these complex interactions can improve our ability to anticipate impacts as Bythotrephes continues to spread, as well as provide insight on some of the long-term effects following invasion.

abstract: PhD


title: Effects of Music on the Pain Response in the Central Nervous System Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

contributor:
Stroman, Patrick W.
Neuroscience Studies

subject: Pain FMRI Music Thermal

abstract: Thesis (Master, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-18 11:33:32.818

abstract:
The oldest procedure for pain relief has been music. There is abundant behavioural evidence to support music’s pain relieving properties, however, studies to date have yet to investigate music-induced analgesia via imaging. Our first imaging study used thermal stimulation just below pain threshold in combination with various music stimuli, to determine whether music can affect neural activity in response to heat stimuli within brainstem and spinal cord regions. Differential responses to music stimuli were found within regions known for descending modulation, and familiar classical music had a unique effect on neural activity in these regions compared to unpleasant music, reverse music, and no music. This study confirmed that the emotional valence of music affects neural activity in the brainstem and spinal cord.
The second study used a well-defined pain paradigm applied with or without favorite music to study the neural activity responses in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord using imaging. Subjective pain ratings were significantly lower when painful stimuli were administered with music than without music. The pain condition alone elicited neural activity in brain regions consistently activated during similar pain studies. Brain regions associated with pleasurable music listening were activated including limbic, frontal, and auditory regions when comparing music to non-music pain conditions. In addition, neural regions showed activity responses indicative of descending modulation when contrasting the two conditions. These regions include the spinothalamic tract, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), periaqueductal grey (PAG), rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), and the dorsal gray matter of the spinal cord. The data suggest that music seems to engage mesolimbic and mesocortical brain regions to activate the descending pain modulation pathway. Lower subjective pain ratings corresponded to a greater suppression in the dorsal gray matter when listening to music. This is the first imaging study to characterize the neural response of pain and how it is mitigated by music listening, and brain and spinal fMRI are appropriate means to study pain processing and its modulation in the central nervous system.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Hydroxyphenol Interactions With Iron and Aluminum Oxide Colloids by Chemical Force Spectrometry

contributor:
Horton, J. Hugh
Chemistry

subject:
Chemical Force Spectrometry
Hydroxyphenol
Ionic Hydrogen Bonding

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-18 00:22:06.646

abstract:
Tannins and humic substances commonly referred to as natural organic matter (NOM), constitute an important component of natural water and soil systems. These species contain numerous phenol and carboxyl functional groups whose reactivity is strongly dependent on both the quantity and location of these moieties on the aromatic ring. In the realistic environmental conditions, both phenolic and carboxylic functional groups are adsorbed on a variety of colloidal metal oxide surfaces. Unfortunately, due to the complexity of humic-based substances, experimental data involving mineral-humate interactions are difficult to interpret.
Here, we aim to develop a more detailed understanding of mineral-NOM interactions in aquatic systems, using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of simple organic acids having functional groups similar to those found in humic substances. SAMs of 4-(12-mercaptododecyl)benzene-1,2-diol (o-hydroxyphenol-terminated), 5-(12-mercaptododecyl)benzene-1,3-diol (m-hydroxyphenol-terminated), bis(11-thioundecyl) hydrogen phosphate (monoprotic phosphate) and 11-thioundecyl dihydrogen phosphate (diprotic phosphate) were prepared and deposited on a Au(111) surface. The composition of elements present on the surface were determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and the orientation of monolayers on the Au(111) surface was explored by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR)
Chemical force spectrometry has been used to determine the surface pKa of the monolayers and further used to explore the role of phenolic groups in the surface complexation of NOM by monitoring adhesion forces between iron and aluminum oxide sample and hydroxyphenol-terminated Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) modified tip. The results are discussed in the context of hydrogen bonding between corresponding species. The system in which there are multiple hydroxyl groups ortho to the carboxylic groups or adjacent to one another on the benzene ring results in significantly different force-distance profiles when interacting with the hydroxyphenol tip.

abstract: PhD


title: Compassion and its Contiguities: Witness Poetry and Metonymic Reponse

contributor:
Snediker, Michael
English

subject: Compassion Witness Metonymy Waiting Intimacy Suffering Poetry

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-18 10:21:39.793

abstract:
I read witness poetry as a model of response to suffering. Compassion is feeling together with another. Compassion is, then, opposed to empathy’s feeling as another. Compassion can be better understood through the witness poetry that privileges metonymical relationships in which readers are contiguously positioned in relationship to a speaker. This emphasis on relationship can be contrasted to the collapse of relationship in identification in which a reader reads as though he or she is the lyric I, the poetic voice, rather than a listener. I discuss this reader-as-listener in contrast to the trauma studies-influenced discourse surrounding witness poetry, a discourse which focuses on indexical poetic evidence of a poet’s wounds and the transferability of the poet’s trauma to readers.
Compassionate response, as demonstrated by this poetry, is premised on a recognition of one’s intimacy with or distance from that which one witnesses. Distance is not synonymous with disengagement, but rather with the space of relationship through which connection and consideration is possible. All intimacy involves some distance; the two are not opposites, but a continuum.
Witness involves waiting: response derives from the time of relation through which it might form. This waiting has reflection as its retrospective partner. Together, they form commemoration, which brings reflection into future and communal celebration and remembrance. Com-memoration is linked to com-passion in this communal element. My project engages witness poetry as a communal form inviting feeling in community, response to widespread suffering, and the establishment of relationship and connection.

abstract: I wish to publish my thesis as a monograph.

abstract: PhD


title: Maximal Versus Non Maximal Muscular Exertions: A Study of Valid Measures Using Isokinetic Dynamometry

contributor:
Stevenson, Joan M.
Dvir, Zeevi
Kinesiology and Health Studies

subject:
malingering
knee
isokinetic dynamometry
shoulder
anterior cruciate ligament
medico legal
non maximal efforts
muscle strength

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-19 01:12:53.454

abstract:
Muscle strength capabilities are a determinant in the ability to successfully accomplish everyday tasks.  As such, the quantification of this aspect of human performance is of interest in many settings. Currently, the validity of muscle strength test results is reliant on the notion that during testing, the participant exerted an effort that is sincere, and that consisted of maximal voluntary contractions. Therefore, the ability to differentiate between maximal and non maximal muscular exertions is of importance.
The purpose of this dissertation was to develop and validate probability-based decision rules for differentiating between maximal and non-maximal voluntary exertions of the knee and shoulder joint musculature during isokinetic dynamometry-based testing. For development of the decision rules, healthy participants performed a series of maximal and non-maximal exertions at different testing velocities through a prescribed range of motion. Two different theory-based approaches were subsequently used for decision rule development: the first approach was based on expected better consistency in strength waveform shapes and relative magnitudes during performance of maximal efforts in comparison to non-maximal efforts.  The second approach was based on the known force-velocity dependency in skeletal muscles.
In terms of discriminatory performance, several of the decision rules pertaining to the knee joint markedly improve upon those previously reported. In addition, a separate investigation demonstrated that the decision rules offer excellent discriminatory performance when applied to test results of participants that have undergone surgical reconstruction of their anterior cruciate ligament. As such, clinicians and researchers may be able to ascertain voluntary maximal effort production during isokinetic testing of the knee joint musculature with a high degree of confidence, and thus be able to rely on such scores for decision-making purposes
With regards to the shoulder musculature decision rules, several methodological issues related to test positioning and signal processing need to be addressed prior to consideration of their use in the clinical domain.

abstract: Material in this dissertation is in the process of dissemination through peer reviewed journals and book chapters. In addition, the material may serve for development of a commercial product.

abstract: PhD


title: Evaluation of the immobilized soil bioreactor for treatment of naphthenic acids in oil sands process waters

contributor:
Ramsay, Juliana A.
Ramsay, Bruce A.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Immobilized Soil Bioreactor
Bioremediation
Oil Sands
Naphthenic Acids

abstract: Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-20 14:53:47.498

abstract:
Extraction of bitumen from Alberta oil sands produces 2 to 4 barrels of aqueous tailings per barrel of crude oil. Oil sands process water (OSPW) contains naphthenic acids (NAs), a complex mixture of carboxylic acids of the form CnH2n+ZOx that are persistent and toxic to aquatic organisms. Previous studies have demonstrated that aerobic biodegradation reduces NA concentrations and OSPW toxicity; however, treatment times are long.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of an immobilized soil bioreactor (ISBR) for treatment of NAs in OSPW and to determine the role of ammonium and ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in NA removal. ISBRs have been used to successfully remediate water contaminated with pollutants such as pentachlorophenol and petroleum hydrocarbons. A system of two ISBRs was operated continuously for over 2 years with OSPW as the sole source of carbon. Removal levels of 30-40% were consistently achieved at a residence time of 7 days, a significant improvement compared to half-lives of 44 to 240 days reported in the literature. However, similar to biodegradation experiments in the literature, a significant portion (~60%) of the NAs was not degraded.
The role of AOB in NA removal was investigated by decreasing ammonium concentration and inhibiting AOB activity with allylthiourea, neither of which significantly affected removal, indicating that AOB did not enhance NA removal. Furthermore, high AOB populations actually inhibited the removal of a simple NA surrogate. Therefore, a moderate ammonium concentration of 0.3 g/L is recommended. NA degradation occurred with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source, however, removal levels were lower than those achieved with ammonium.
Exploratory studies involving ozonation or biostimulation were conducted with the aim of increasing NA removal. Ozonation decreased NA concentration by 94% and total organic carbon (TOC) by 6%. Subsequent ISBR treatment removed ~30% of the remaining TOC. Addition of a NA surrogate increased heterotrophic NA-degrading populations due to the increase in available carbon, resulting in a significant increase in NA removal levels. However, use of a surrogate may result in a population that is only adapted to degradation of the NA surrogate.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Queer Colonies: Postcolonial (Re)Reading of Western Queer Transnationalisms

contributor:
Srivastava, Sarita
Sociology

subject:
Queerness
Transnationalism
Gay Rights
Tourism
Necropolitics

abstract: Thesis (Master, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-21 12:17:17.871

abstract: This thesis examines how transnational gay and queer discourses conceal ongoing forms of violence against multiple subaltern populations, through the seemingly natural teleology and progressive nature assigned to gay rights and queerness.  I use the theoretical framework of necropolitics, developed by Achille Mbembe who analyzes how power is exercised through killing and death, to examine two sites of violence that are typically presented as progressive: transnational gay rights and queer tourism.  First, I demonstrate that the problem of ‘anti-gay’ violence in non-western subaltern contexts is not due to a lack of legal rights, as most western activists have framed the issue, but is rather an issue of non-controlled forms of lateral violence carried out by non-state actors against multiple groups.  Second, I reveal that the representation of queer tourism as progressive masks subjection of subaltern labourers to violence and death.  These findings suggest that relations of power constituted through necropolitics should be the lens through which violence in subaltern contexts is read.  This perspective is in opposition to most western based transnational discourses that misread and disregard forms of violence in subaltern contexts and consequently facilitate the recurrence of violence in these contexts.

abstract: I intend to publish Chapters 1 and 2 as journal articles and want to restrict access until publication in order to prevent appropriation/theft of my original ideas.

abstract: M.A.


title: Investigations of a New and Improved Precataylst for Palladium Catalyzed Cross Coupling Reactions

contributor:
Baird, Michael C.
Chemistry

subject:
Catalysis
Palladium
Cross-Coupling
Organometallic Chemistry

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-25 11:53:06.75

abstract:
Little attention has been given to the formation of the putative PdL2
species required for Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Active species are
generally difficult to store due to air-sensitivity and are therefore formed in situ at
unknown rates and in unknown yields via a variety of palladium precatalysts.
Commonly employed Pd(0) and Pd(II) precatalysts are often relatively ineffective
because they generate only low concentrations of the bis(phosphine) species
PdL2 under most reaction conditions. This thesis describes the use of the easily
synthesized and easily handled Pd(η3-1-Ph-C3H4)(η5-C5H5) (I) as a superior
precursor than any other documented system for the in situ formation of PdL2.
Rapid and quantitative formation of active catalyst solutions allow us to
demonstrate that I is also the best precatalyst known for PdL2-catalyzed crosscoupling
reactions. We discuss the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of 4-bromoanisole
with phenylboronic acid and demonstrate that, under mild reaction conditions,
higher initial rates and higher conversions with I can be obtained compared with
other common precatalysts (Pd(OAc)2, Pd(PPh3)4, Pd2dba3, etc.) containing a
variety of phosphine ligands. This methodology has also been extended to other
cross-coupling reactions, as we demonstrate that higher initial rates and higher
conversions with I can be obtained for a variety of Mizoroki-Heck arylations and
Buchwald-Hartwig aminations.

abstract: PhD


title: Topics related to vector bundles on abelian varieties

contributor:
Roth, Michael
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
Vector Bundles
Abelian Varieties

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-24 17:14:21.687

abstract:
This thesis is comprised of three logically independent parts.  As the title suggests, each part is related to vector bundles on abelian varieties.

We first use Brill-Noether theory to study the geometry of a general curve in its canonical embedding.  We prove that there is no $g$ for which the canonical embedding of a general curve of genus $g$ lies on the Segre embedding of any product of three or more projective spaces.

We then consider non-degenerate line bundles on abelian varieties.  Central to our work is Mumford's index theorem.  We give an interpretation of this theorem, and then prove that non-degenerate line bundles, with nonzero index, exhibit positivity analogous to ample line bundles.
As an application, we determine the asymptotic behaviour of families of cup-product maps.  Using this result, we prove that vector bundles, which are associated to these families, are asymptotically  globally generated.
To illustrate our results, we consider explicit examples.  We also prove that simple abelian varieties, for which our results apply in all possible instances, exist.  This is achieved by considering a particular class of abelian varieties with real multiplication.

The final part of this thesis concerns the theory of theta and adelic theta groups.  We extend and refine  work of Mumford, Umemura, and Mukai.
For example, we determine the structure and representation theory of theta groups associated to a class of vector bundles which we call simple semi-homogeneous vector bundles of separable type.  We also construct, and clarify functorial properties enjoyed by, adelic theta groups associated to line bundles.

abstract: PhD


title: SHP2/PTPN11 Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase Promotes Mast Cell Homeostasis and Systemic Mastocytosis

contributor:
Craig, Andrew W.
Biochemistry

subject:
SHP2
Systemic Mastocytosis
SCF/KIT Axis
Mast Cell Homeostasis

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Biochemistry) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-25 12:03:57.818

abstract: KIT receptor (CD117) is a receptor tyrosine kinase crucial for homeostasis of mast cells (MCs) in tissues and recruitment to sites of inflammation and tumors in response to its ligand Stem cell factor (SCF). Gain of function mutations in KIT (e.g. D816V) are frequently observed in systemic mastocytosis and other cancer types. Src Homology 2 domain containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2 or PTPN11) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that promotes cell proliferation, survival and motility in multiple pathways and cell types. To study SHP2 function in MCs, we generated novel MC-specific Shp2 knock-out (KO) mice (MC-shp2 KO). These mice had reduced numbers of MCs in skin and peritoneum, and defective contact hypersensitivity responses compared to control mice, consistent with SHP2 promoting MC homeostasis.  Using an inducible SHP2 KO bone marrow-derived MC (BMMC) culture model, we found that SHP2 KO cells were prone to apoptosis and had no MC repopulating activity in vivo. Mechanistically, SHP2 enhanced ERK activation and downregulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bim.  SHP2 KO BMMCs also had defects in chemotaxis towards SCF, due to impaired activation of a Lyn/Vav/Rac pathway in SHP2 KO BMMCs. This correlated with defects in cell spreading, and F-actin polymerization in response to SCF. Treatment of BMMCs with a SHP2 inhibitor (II-B08) also led to reduced chemotaxis, consistent with SHP2 phosphatase activity being required for KIT-induced chemotaxis. Lastly, we tested whether SHP2 regulates oncogenic KIT signaling using a P815 mouse mastocytoma model. Stable silencing of SHP2 in P815 cells led to reduced cell growth and survival in vitro, and less aggressive systemic mastocytosis development in syngeneic mice. Overall, these studies identify SHP2 as a key node in SCF/KIT and oncogenic KIT pathways, and as a potential therapeutic target in several human diseases.

abstract: Thesis contain unpublished and noble data.

abstract: PhD


title: Multi-User Multi-Antenna Cooperative Cellular Systems

contributor:
Blostein, Steven D.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject: MIMO Cooperative

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-25 15:43:23.343

abstract:
To meet the very high data rate requirements for wireless Internet and multimedia services, cooperative systems with multiple antennas have been proposed for future generation wireless systems.
In this thesis, we focus on multiple antennas at the source, relay and destination. We study both downlink and uplink cooperative systems with single antenna relays. For downlink systems, the optimal precoder to minimize the sum transmit power subject to quality of service (QoS) constraints with fixed relay weights is derived. We also study the optimization of relay weights with a fixed precoder. An iterative algorithm is developed to jointly optimize the precoder and relay weights.
The performance of the downlink system with imperfect CSI as well as multiple receive antennas is also studied. For the uplink system, we similarly derive the optimum receiver as in the downlink with fixed relay weights. The optimization of relay weights for a fixed receiver is then studied. An iterative algorithm is developed to jointly optimize the receiver and relay weights in the uplink. Systems with imperfect channel estimation are also considered.
The study of cooperative MIMO systems is then extended to a multi-cell scenario. In particular, two scenarios are studied. In the first, the cells coordinate their beamformers to find the most suitable cell to serve a specific user. In the second, each base station selectively transmits to a fixed group of users, and the cells coordinate to suppress mutual interference.
Finally, our investigation culminates with a study of an uplink cooperative system equipped with multi-antenna relays under a capacity maximization criterion. The specific scheme that users access the base station through a single multi-antenna relay are studied. Iterative capacity maximization algorithm are proposed and shown to converge to local maxima. Numerical results are presented to highlight that the algorithms are able to come close to these bounds after only a few iterations.

abstract: A paper will be submitted based on the content of Chapter 6, a restriction is required for up to 4 months.

abstract: PhD


title: The Influence of Relative Subjective Value on Preparatory Activity in the Superior Colliculus as Indexed by Saccadic Reaction Times

contributor:
Dorris, Michael C.
Neuroscience Studies

subject:
Expected Value
Superior Colliculus
Microstimulation
Single Cell Recording
Saccadic Reaction Times
Probability
Neuroeconomics
Reward

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-25 17:18:25.393

abstract: Deal or no deal? Hold ‘em or fold ‘em? Buy, hold or sell? When faced with uncertainty, a wise decision-maker evaluates each option and chooses the one they deem most valuable. Scientists studying decision making processes have spent much theoretical and experimental effort formalizing a framework that captures how decision makers can maximize the amount of subjective value they accrue from such decisions. This thesis tested two hypotheses. The first was that subjective value guides our simplest and most common of motor actions similar to how it guides more deliberative economic decisions. The second was that subjective value is allocated across pre-motor regions of the brain to make our actions more efficient.  To accomplish these goals, I adapted a paradigm used by behavioural economists for use in neurophysiological experiments in non-human primates. In our task, monkeys repeatedly make quick, orienting eye movements, known as saccades, to targets, which they learned through experience, had different values.  In support of the hypothesis that subjective value influences simple motor actions, the speed with which monkeys responded, known as saccadic reaction time (SRT), and their saccadic choices to valued targets were highly correlated and therefore both acted as a behavioural measures of subjective value. Two complimentary results support the hypothesis that subjective value influences activity in the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SCi) – a well-studied brain region important to the planning and execution of saccades - to produce efficient actions.  First, when saccades were elicited with microstimulation, we found that the timing and spatial allocation of pre-saccadic activity in the SC was shaped by subjective value.  Second, the baseline preparatory activity and transient visual activity of SCi neurons prior to saccade generation was also influenced by subjective value.  Our results can be incorporated into existing models of SC functioning that use dynamic neural field theory. I suggest that saccades of higher subjective value will result in higher activation of their associated neural field such that they will be more likely and more quickly selected.   In summary, this thesis demonstrates that subjective value influences neural mechanisms, not only for deliberative decision making, but also for the efficient selection of simple motor actions.

abstract: PhD


title: The Price of Loyalty: A Gendered Analysis of Consumer Surveillance

contributor:
Lyon, David
Sociology

subject:
Consumer Surveillance
Gender

abstract: Thesis (Master, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-26 10:41:49.585

abstract: Consumer surveillance, seen in the social sorting capabilities of loyalty marketing, is gendered. Using Canadian examples, gender is added to the existing literature on social sorting in relation to class (Burrows and Gane 2006; Parker, Uprichard and Burrows 2007) and racial or ethnic background (Gandy 1993; 1996; 2006a; 2006b; 2010; 2011). The prevalence of loyalty programs in Canada raises some significant issues regarding social sorting, as they tend to allocate unequal life chances and choices based on certain aspects of individuals’ profiles, allowing retailers to focus their efforts and resources toward their most desirable clientele. It is important to consider the role that gender plays in loyalty marketing in order to understand how being labelled a ‘man’ or a ‘woman’ can influence how one’s personal information is categorized and utilized by companies. As these programs use data mining and social sorting techniques to attract preferred customers, men and women are targeted in different ways by different loyalty marketing schemes, depending on the perceived value of their digitized profiles. The findings of the 2006 Globalization of Personal Data survey are interrogated for a background analysis of gender and loyalty. A statistical analysis of the Canadian responses investigates whether membership rates and popular attitudes about loyalty programs vary significantly between different demographic groups.

abstract: M.A.


title: Assessing strategies for managing drug resistance in treatment of infectious disease: insights from queueing theory

contributor:
Day, Troy
Biology

subject:
drug resistance
evolution

abstract: Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-02 15:23:55.906

abstract:
Antimicrobials have been instrumental in the treatment of infectious disease: responsible for worldwide infection control and reductions in disease-induced morbidity, and mortality. However, in every case where new chemotherapeutic agents have been introduced, resistance to them has eventually evolved. Principally, the current strategy for dealing with this problem is to invest heavily in drug development, with the hope that new drugs become available before all existing drugs lose their efficacy. Instead of focusing on the ‘development side’ of the problem, another possible strategy is to invest in methods of slowing evolution of resistance.
We use a novel application of queueing theory to demonstrate that, when comparing equivalent changes in drug development versus evolution management, the latter has a much greater effect on ensuring a continued supply of effective antimicrobial agents. Our results therefore call for a reappraisal of the current emphasis on enhancing drug development as a means of managing resistance.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Home-Based Rehabilitation and its Impact on Hospital Utilization

contributor:
McColl, Mary Ann
Rehabilitation Science

subject:
Home-Based Rehabilitation
Occupational Therapy
Physiotherapy
Home Care
Time-to-Rehospitalization
Survival Analysis
Elderly
Ontario's Community Care Access Centre
Hospital Utilization

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-27 12:24:53.085

abstract:
There is compelling evidence for the effectiveness of home-based occupational therapy and physiotherapy rehabilitation for community dwelling elderly who may struggle with basic activities and the functions of daily living and mobility.  Nonetheless, an estimated 2% of home care’s elderly clients receive these therapies. Ontario’s home care data indicates that 78% of clients that could benefit from these specific therapies are not receiving them.
The study examined a subset of elderly clients receiving home care following a hospital discharge during 2009-2010. The aim of this study was to: understand the difference between those home care clients who received occupational therapy or physiotherapy and those who did not; and determine if receiving these therapies impacted the utilization of hospital emergency departments and inpatient admissions. A retrospective cohort design and multivariate and survival analysis of hospital and home care administrative data structured the study.
Results suggest that home-based rehabilitation is offered to a minority of the home care population. Distinct client characteristics and process variables significantly associated with the increased likelihood of receiving home-based occupational and physical therapies included: clients who were older, females, admitted to home care from hospital inpatient units, assessed as non-acute for clinical and service needs and required more home making support and assistance with activities of daily living.
	Almost one quarter of the total sample returned to hospital. Visits to emergency departments accounted for the greater part of hospital utilization and primarily for sub-acute general symptoms and signs, post-procedural complications, infections or acute episodes from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal failure. Slightly over half of the clients returning to hospital did not receive home-based rehabilitation.
Clients who received occupational therapy returned to the hospital sooner following their home care admission whereas clients receiving physiotherapy spent the longest time before rehospitalizing. The majority of the clients receiving occupational therapy were admitted to home care having just resolved sub-acute conditions or symptoms, many of which are known to influence functional and physical decline. Moreover, analysis of process variables indicated that the wait time for a referral to occupational therapy was two times longer compared to physiotherapy. These same clients also waited, on average, over one month before an occupational therapist’s first visit.
The need to discriminate who receives home-based rehabilitation is essential to understanding how specific therapies contribute to improving systems outcomes. This study is the first examination that focuses specifically on home-based occupational therapy and physiotherapy rehabilitation and the client characteristics and process variables associated with receiving/not receiving these therapies and the impact these factors have on the time-to-rehospitalization.

abstract: Requesting restriction for the following reasons: 1) Pending publications; and 2) Results are in the process of being shared with health service agencies that provided data for the study.

abstract: PhD


title: Teenage girls’ first-person narratives about weight perception and dangerous weight loss practices: A study of five blogs from LiveJournal.com

contributor:
Adams, Mary Louise
Kinesiology and Health Studies

subject:
Weight Loss
Blog Research
Weight Perception
Body Image
LiveJournal

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-28 00:01:52.273

abstract: In Western cultures, social significations are associated with body weight and shape (Woolf, 1990, as cited by Malson, 1998). Thinness is especially valued and especially for women and girls. As a result, many teenage girls aim to be thinner.  This thesis examines five blogs on the website LiveJournal that are written by teenage girls who perceive themselves as overweight and who use blogs to talk about their attempts to lose weight. All five of these girls say that they practice at least one extreme method of weight loss and all of them have dangerously low weight loss goals. Two research questions motivated this study: 1) how do teenage girls who perceive themselves as overweight use blogs in their journeys to lose weight? 2) Can LiveJournal, or any other personal blogging site, provide a useful source for researchers so that they can learn about eating disorders in girls’ own words? The blogs provided a tool by which I could discover first-hand experiences of teenage girls who are trying to lose weight. Essentially, the blogs were used as both the data and the mean by which the data was collected. My results suggest that girls rarely discuss their weight loss practices with family or friends and thus their blogs provide a space where they can share their experiences and receive support and encouragement from other members of their online community who will not judge or stigmatize them. The results of this study are useful for social science researchers in two ways. First, the results provide important information pertaining to first-personal narratives about body image, weight loss and the practice of extreme methods of weight loss by teenage girls who perceive themselves as overweight. Second, the results provide useful information for social researchers seeking to use blog research for their projects. This project highlights the benefits of blog research and provides a sort of how-to for future researchers hoping to use the method.

abstract: M.A.


title: Stability of Agreement in State-dependent Interaction Environments

contributor:
Yüksel, Serdar
Mathematics and Statistics

subject: Mathematics Consensus Agreement

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-28 16:12:15.743

abstract:
We study stochastic stability for a class of agreement dynamics and define two forms
of agreement which we call stochastic agreement and stochastic absolute agreement.
We identify conditions for a broad class of random, possibly state-dependent agreement processes to achieve stochastic agreement. We take the approach of applying Lyapunov drift criteria to study the behaviour of such processes. We generalize some results in the literature to the noisy and state-dependent case.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Cholinergic transmission in molluscan neuroendocrine cells

contributor:
Magoski, Neil S.
Physiology

subject: acetylcholine electrophysiology nicotine

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Physiology) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-28 17:51:30.733

abstract:
Elucidating the process by which an animal can transduce a brief signal into a predictable set of behaviours has important implications for understanding brain function.  I explored the transition from quiescence to repetitive activity in the bag cell neurons of Aplysia californica.  Using both cultured neurons and intact ganglia, I demonstrated the involvement of cholinergic transmission in this marked change to excitability.
The bag cell neurons are a group of 200-400 electrically-coupled neuroendocrine cells that initiate a set of prescribed reproductive behaviours, culminating in deposition of an egg mass.  This fixed action pattern, lasting ~1 h, follows a brief (≤10-sec) stimulus from an afferent input to the bag cell neuron cluster, which causes these previously silent neurons to continuously fire for ~30 min.  Central to the maintenance of this increased excitability, are the elevation of various second messenger pathways that modulate multiple ion channels.  As such, the initiating stimulus for afterdischarge generation was thought to involve metabotropic receptors.  However, I report that an acetylcholine-gated ionotropic current triggers the afterdischarge, as well as two, distinct nicotinic responses that participate in excitability: one associated with channel opening and the other through the inhibition of K+ currents.
My data suggest that the interplay between inward Ca2+ and cation currents, and outward K+ channels, regulated by intracellular messengers protein kinase C (PKC) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), respectively, set the baseline level of excitability prior to cholinergic activation.  I also observed, distinct negative-feedback mechanisms on the acetylcholine ionotropic current.  First, an increase in cAMP inhibits the cholinergic current shortly after the start of the afterdischarge, and once the afterdischarge is fully underway, dephosphorylation by a Src family tyrosine kinase further inhibits the channel.  In addition, FMRFamide, an afterdischarge suppressor, appears to directly block the cholinergic channel.
By exploring both canonical and non-canonical cholinergic roles in the afterdischarge, I have determined that complex signalling pathways can be reduced to a single variable, provided that the necessary precursors are in place.  Furthermore, based on post-synaptic receptor composition and regulation, my work indicates the potential for profound diversity in cholinergic pathways.

abstract: To ensure future publications on my thesis are not affected by being 'published; on QSpace

abstract: PhD


title: Discourse Pragmatics and the Character Effect in Shakespeare

contributor:
Hanson, Elizabeth
Straznicky, Marta
English

subject: Renaissance drama, Shakespeare, character criticism, linguistics, pragmatics, subjectivity effects

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-28 14:41:27.453

abstract: This study, contextualized within the critical debate on Shakespearean dramatic character, examines how the “character effect”— or the audience’s impression of a character’s ontological reality— is produced. Approaching character from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics, I contend that character effects are produced by the counterpoint between characters’ pragmatic use of language and the allegorical meanings that underpin characters’ utterances in a theatrical context. These allegorical meanings, which Shakespeare conveys through his characters to the audience, dialogically interact with characters’ textually or historically scripted roles and converge with their speech to create the impression that characters control language and have extra-textual lives of their own. I thus demonstrate that the interiority ascribed to character is a function of its anteriority. Following the introductory chapter, which lays out the critical history of Shakespearean character and a pragmatic methodology, each of the remaining chapters explores the particular speech habits of a complex and larger-than-life Shakespearean character who is also a self-conscious user of language. Chapter 2 examines how Falstaff’s conversational implicatures produce the character effect of his vitality. Chapter 3 looks at how Cleopatra’s performative use of report creates her sexual charisma. Chapter 4 focuses on how Henry V’s rhetorical argumentation works to create the effect of his moral ambivalence.

abstract: The thesis is currently being revised for academic publication and therefore needs to be restricted.

abstract: PhD


title: Understanding the Potential for Arts-Informed Inquiry in Program Evaluation

contributor:
Shulha, Lyn
Education

subject: Arts-informed Evaluation Methodology Values Program Use Education Arts

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Education) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-28 21:49:48.1

abstract: Program evaluation is a form of systematic inquiry designed to meet the needs of those who are working on or who are responsible for a program. One challenge faced by the field of evaluation is responding to the increasing complexity of social programing and diverse informational needs. Methodological innovation is a trait of the field of program evaluation that provides opportunity for responding to challenge faced by the field. Evaluation orientations that rely on qualitative methodologies, which seek to describe, to understand or to interpret complex phenomena are potential sites for arts-informed inquiry. Arts-informed inquiry draws from creative strategies in the arts, where art is produced for the sake of inquiry. Accordingly, through this research I adopt dual roles of evaluator and researcher, to gather empirical evidence about the power of integrating arts-informed inquiry into frameworks for evaluation. In this research, I document how arts-informed inquiry draws from artistic processes to broaden perceptions, make meaningful contributions, and expand evaluator skills. Specifically, the potential for arts-informed inquiry in evaluation is investigated by conducting an evaluation of one program, in one school district. Analysis of this two-phase process occurred by applying a heuristic of three groupings of key concepts within the field of evaluation: methods, values and use. In doing so, I provide a detailed description of the potential for arts-informed inquiry within one program evaluation. This study provides a transparent account of the inquiry process to document the implications for undertaking arts-informed inquiry in program evaluation. In addition, there are theoretical implications for the field of evaluation when they consider the process and representations shaped by inclusion of arts-informed inquiry.

abstract: PhD


title: Characterization of Geochemical and Mineralogical Controls on Metal Mobility in the Prairie Creek Mine Area, NWT

contributor: Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering

subject:
mineralogy
geochemical reconnaissance
ore stockpile
geochemistry
waste rock pile
metal mobility
Northwest Territories

abstract: Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-04 20:00:21.774

abstract:
The Prairie Creek Mine, NWT, is a non-producing Zn-Pb-Ag mine located within the Mackenzie Mountains. The 320 km2 area is surrounded by the Nahanni National Park Reserve, and is found approximately 40 km upstream of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Geochemical characterization of weathered material in the area is useful from both an exploration geochemistry and environmental geochemistry perspective. This investigation attempted to characterize geochemical and mineralogical controls on metal mobility in natural and manufactured environments. Surface waters and sediments were sampled, analyzed, and interpreted. Detailed mineralogical analyses were also performed, including SEM, XRD, and synchrotron-based µXRF and µXRD.
Prairie Creek contains sulphide and supergene mineralization hosted in carbonate rocks, which supply the area with a high pH, as well as a wealth of alkalinity and buffering capacity. This study aims to provide some insight as to the geochemical and mineralogical controls on the weathering processes which may enhance or inhibit mobility of metals downstream of known mineralization. Results show that the metals are found in much higher concentration in the stream sediments than in the stream waters. Pb and Zn show the highest concentrations, and Zn appears to be more mobile than Pb. Based on water versus sediment chemistry, it may be possible to differentiate between mineralization types. Dissolution textures and alteration of detrital grains indicates that chemical weathering does occur within the streams and releases metals to the aqueous environment, though they are likely quickly attenuated through adsorption or co-precipitation.
The mine site hosts a historic ore stockpile and waste rock pile, established in the early 1980’s. Geochemical characterization of the reactions occurring within these piles and of the mineralogical controls on metal mobility can contribute to the mitigation of risk from leachate. Metal concentrations are variable and do not support a trend, which indicates that metal mobility within these piles may be attributed to micro-environments. There appears to be a trend in increasing alkalinity and decreasing sulphate towards the bottom of the piles.
Therefore, metals appear to have limited mobility in the studied environments, although small scale chemical reactions are occurring which may release and attenuate metals.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Can Mental Health Education Using a Storybook Reduce Mental Illness Stigma in Children?

contributor:
Buchanan, Diane
Baker, Cynthia
Nursing

subject:
Stigma storybook
Children stigma
Survey design
Stigma intervention evaluation
Mental illness stigma
Intervention

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Nursing) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-03 11:39:54.603

abstract:
Individuals experiencing a mental illness are often stigmatized. Children also stigmatize those who experience a mental illness. There is national interest in reducing the negative effects of stigma, especially in children. Unfortunately, children anti-stigma interventions are being used without being empirically tested for their effectiveness. A goal of the Opening Minds Anti-stigma initiative of the Mental Health Commission of Canada is to identify programs and resources that have been empirically tested and found to be effective in reducing stigma. This study was funded by the Opening Minds Initiative of the Mental Health Commission of Canada to: First, investigate the effectiveness of providing children ages 11-14 with mental illness education using a storybook in order to reduce their mental illness stigma; and, second, to examine children’s perceptions of the anti-stigma book used to provide the education.
A quasi-experimental design was used to test the effectiveness of the mental illness educational storybook in reducing mental illness stigma. The Youth Opinion Survey for Stereotype and Social Distance measurement was used to obtain baseline information before the education was provided. A pre-test, post-test process was used.
Several qualitative questions, embedded in the post-test questionnaire, were provided to the children participating with an opportunity to use their own words to describe what they thought about mental illness before and after the education, what they learned from the educational storybook and whether or not they liked the education they received.
	The results show that the exposure to an educational storybook about children mental illness stigma was effective in reducing the percentage of negative responses at post-test. The participants used less negative words to describe someone “with a mental illness”. An improvement in the overall scores at post-test was seen for both stereotype and social distance.
	After the study was completed, the feasibility of conducting a study of this type was evaluated. Recommendations for the possibility of using this method for future studies are included.

abstract: PhD


title: Geographies of Biomass and Solar Energy: Spatial Decision Support for Regional Energy Sustainability

contributor:
Mabee, Warren
Geography

subject: renewable energy; solar energy; bioenergy; GIS; spatial planning; region; energy transition

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-03 00:36:53.142

abstract: This thesis applies concepts and techniques in geography in order to contribute to our understanding of the opportunities and challenges associated with the transition toward renewable energy.  The work is best understood as the sum of two parts.  In the first part, the methodological and philosophical underpinnings of the field of energy geography are explored in order to situate the research in the broader constellation of geographical practices surrounding energy.  I make the case that energy transitions are not merely shifts in energy supply but are also simultaneously fundamental shifts in prevailing spatial relations, so that energy transition management is best conceived as a spatial strategy with emphasis on regional level land-energy planning.  In the second part of the thesis, I aim to provide decision support in favour of this spatial strategy.  This begins in Chapter 4 with a comprehensive critical review of how GIScience and remote sensing has been applied in RE assessments and spatial planning.  The next three chapters engage key gaps in this literature and are the analytical contributions of the thesis.  The focus of the research is on biomass and solar energy in (eastern) Ontario.  In Chapter 5 I develop geographically explicit supply-cost curves for forestry and agricultural biomass and assess the relative merits of a mixed biomass feedstock stream.  In Chapter 6 I recognize and address the issue that developers of dedicated bioenergy crops and ground-mount solar PV systems prefer the same type of land.  Land-energy trade-offs are modeled and their implications in the context of incentivizing RE development are discussed.  In Chapter 7 I explore ways in which targeted facility siting can capture ancillary benefits related to RE production.  I argue that focusing on the benefits as well as the costs of system siting is critical to linking developer and public interests.  Ontario’s feed-in tariff program is evaluated in the light of this claim.  Chapter 8 concludes with a summary of key findings and describes the ways in which this thesis can be used as a platform upon which a broader research program can be raised.

abstract: PhD


title: The Nation’s Caregivers: Work Experiences, Professional Identities and Gender Politics of Pakistan’s Lady Health Workers

contributor:
Tiessen, Rebecca
Global Development Studies

subject:
International Development
Medical Anthropology
Labour
Health Care
LHWs
CHWs
Pakistan
Karachi

abstract: Thesis (Master, Global Development Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-03 16:28:46.91

abstract:
Lady Health Workers (LHWs) are community health workers who work under the Pakistani government’s National Programme for Family Planning and Primary Health Care, and provide basic medication, contraceptives, and nutrition and prenatal advice to expectant mothers. LHWs are a pivotal bridge between mothers, especially those who live in traditional households, and medical practitioners and policymakers. Several studies indicate that LHWs have been instrumental in decreasing maternal and infant mortality rates, lowering the incidence of tuberculosis in urban and rural populations, and treating depression among patients.  In addition, they conduct vaccination campaigns including the WHO-supervised polio campaign.
Since 2007 tensions have emerged between LHWs and the government regarding pay and working conditions. The LHWs have staged sit-ins, demonstrations as well as a march to the capital to highlight their plight and demand better working conditions from the government. This has resulted in disruptions in vaccination and awareness campaigns. Reports suggest that a higher morale amongst workers translates to higher productivity and more effective work results. Thus, understanding the issues affecting LHWs is essential to a more productive health care work force. By analyzing the dynamics underpinning the relationship between LHWs, the Pakistani government, and the community, policymakers can obtain a better understanding of how the intersecting influences of gender, culture and spaces impact the implementation of health care policies. This analysis could also shed light on the issue of worker retention in the medical field.
Drawing from a series of semi-structured interviews conducted over a four-month period in the Pakistani city of Karachi, I analyse how LHWs view their work in relation to gender, agency, self-worth and human security in an urban setting. In addition, I locate the workers’ experiences within neocolonial and postcolonial systems.
Findings indicate that while LHWs are extremely devoted to their work, a lack of security, compounded by irregular pay and gender discrimination, has contributed to low morale. The masculine and hierarchal systems LHWs operate within have contributed to the workers’ struggle to be recognised professionally.  In addition, international development organisations’ agendas and government policies have had unintended and often negative consequences on LHWs’ morale and experiences.

abstract: M.A.


title: The Relationship Between Different Patterns of Weekly Physical Activity Accumulation and the Metabolic Syndrome in Canadian Adults

contributor:
Janssen, Ian
Kinesiology and Health Studies

subject:
Epidemiology
Accelerometer
Physical activity
Canada
Metabolic Syndrome

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-10 16:01:22.091

abstract:
Total weekly moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) accumulated in different patterns has not been well studied: it is not yet known whether sporadic MVPA (periods of <10 consecutive minutes) or whether the weekly frequency of MVPA is associated with health benefits in adults. For this reason, the physical activity guidelines recommend that adults aged 18 to 64 years accumulate at least 150 minutes of MVPA per week in bouts of at least 10 minutes. The overall objective of this thesis was therefore to study the relationships between different patterns of MVPA and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) – a clustering of risk factors that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in adults.
Both manuscripts in this thesis used data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), a nationally-representative sample of Canadians. The MetS was determined from direct physical measurements and blood samples, while physical activity levels were assessed by accelerometers (also known as activity monitors). Complex statistical models were used to determine the relationship between patterns of MVPA and the MetS.
The first study assessed whether bouted MVPA was associated with lower odds for MetS than an equal volume of sporadic MVPA. Results showed that both bouted and sporadic MVPA were equally related to the MetS; even small bursts of sporadic MVPA <3 minutes in length were meaningful when predicting the MetS. The second study evaluated whether more frequent weekly MVPA was associated with lower odds for the MetS in physically active adults. Among those who were considered physically active, there was no difference in the odds of the MetS between those who were infrequently or frequently active. Together, the results of this thesis suggest that the pattern in which weekly MVPA is accumulated is unimportant, provided that sufficient energy is expended.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Econometric Analysis of Labour Market Interventions

contributor:
MacKinnon, James G.
Lehrer, Steven F.
Economics

subject:
Cluster Robust Standard Errors
Labour Economics
Econometric Inference
Wild Bootstrap

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Economics) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-05 15:56:33.805

abstract:
This thesis involves three essays that explore the theory and application of econometric analysis to labour market interventions.  One essay is methodological, and two essays are applications.  The first essay contributes to the literature on inference with data sets containing within-cluster correlation.  The essay highlights a problem with current practices when the number of clusters is 11 or fewer.  Current practices can result in p-values that are not point identified but are instead p-value intervals. The chapter provides Monte Carlo evidence to support a proposed solution to this problem.
The second essay analyzes a labour market intervention within Canada--the Youth Hires program--which aimed to reduce youth unemployment.  We find evidence that the program was able to increase employment among the targeted group.  However, the impacts are only present for males, and we find evidence of displacement effects amongst the non-targeted group. The third essay examines a set of Graduate Retention Programs that several Canadian provinces offer.  These programs are aimed at mitigating future skill shortages.  Once the solution proposed in the first essay is applied, I find little evidence of the effectiveness of these programs in attracting or retaining recent graduates.

abstract: I will have working paper versions of the various chapters available online shortly.

abstract: PhD


title: Heightened maternal inflammation is linked to placental oxidative and nitrosative stress associated with fetal growth restriction in the rat

contributor:
Graham, Charles H.
Anatomy and Cell Biology

subject:
Pregnancy Complications
Maternal Inflammation

abstract: Thesis (Master, Anatomy & Cell Biology) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-05 14:37:05.15

abstract: Deficient trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling are associated with pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Using a model in which pregnant Wistar rats are given daily, low-dose, injections of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 – 40 µg/kg) on gestational days (GD) 13.5 – 16.5, our group has shown that abnormal maternal inflammation is causally linked to shallow trophoblast invasion, deficient spiral artery remodeling, and altered utero-placental hemodynamics leading to FGR/PE; these alterations were shown to be mediated by TNF-a. The present research evaluated certain consequences of decreased placental perfusion; this was accomplished by examining placental alterations indicative of decreased placental perfusion. Additionally, the role of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was determined as a potential therapeutic to prevent the consequences of decreased placental perfusion. Results indicated that dams experiencing heightened maternal inflammation showed significantly greater expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) and nitrotyrosine, both of which are markers of decreased perfusion and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Contrary to expectations, inflammation did not appear to affect nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, as revealed by a lack of change in placental or plasma levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). However, continuous transdermal administration of GTN (25 µg/hr) on GD 12.5 – 16.5 prevented the accumulation of HIF-1a and nitrotyrosine in placentas from LPS-treated rats. These results support the concept that maternal inflammation contributes to placental hypoxia and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Additionally, they indicate that GTN has potential applications in the treatment and/or prevention of pregnancy complications associated with abnormal maternal inflammation.

abstract: We are currently working on a research paper using data presented in this thesis. We would like to keep the thesis restricted until the paper is published.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: How Cognition and Affect Link Ideas to Preferences

contributor:
Amyot, Grant
Political Studies

subject: Euro, Italy, Europe,

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-08 17:05:52.57

abstract: The present work utilizes both quantitative and qualitative techniques to extract the cognitive and affective elements of national identity from political discourse. However, a focus on national identity tends to depict the group as undifferentiated, obscuring the significant diversity which exists within the political community, at least in terms of how political objects are interpreted. Accordingly, another objective of this work is to investigate the diversity of interpretative schemes among different classes of individuals in the same political community. Another key argument is that discourses obscure undesirable political realities, domestic and international, at least temporarily. Apropos this thesis, the euro was sold by some elements of the ruling class in miraculous terms, as some sort of ‘savior’ that would solve all of Italy’s problems. This obscured the fact that only Italians, and not the euro, could lead to the real and sustained political and economic modernization that Italians desire. In the international sphere, the euro was sold as a policy that would help end Italy’s marginalization in Europe of second-class status (compared to the first-class status enjoyed by Germany, France, and the UK). This obscured the fact that the determinants of status in the international system are rooted in other variables, most of which have little to do with whether a country adopts a common currency like the euro. The case study to explore the validity of these arguments is the European Monetary Union (EMU), specifically, the links between national politics and EMU. Two countries were selected: Italy, which initially wholeheartedly supported EMU, and the UK, which overwhelmingly rejected the common currency from its inception in 1999.

abstract: PhD


title: Automated Quantification and Clinical Implications of Src, Ezrin, and Tks5 in Breast Cancer

contributor:
Elliott, Bruce E.
Pathology and Molecular Medicine

subject:
Ezrin
Tks5
immunohistochemistry
Automated Quantification
TMA
Tissue Microarray
Src
Immunofluorescence
Breast cancer

abstract: Thesis (Master, Pathology & Molecular Medicine) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-09 12:51:09.527

abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Canadian women. Aggressive BCs (e.g. triple-negative subtype; TN) present a clinical challenge as defined biomarkers, particularly those indicative of unique cancer-associated signaling pathways, are needed to improve prognostication and prediction of therapeutic response. Overexpression of Src and its substrates, Ezrin and Tks5, have been associated with poor prognosis in many cancers. We have previously shown that Ezrin regulates proteolytic-independent invasion, while others have shown that Tks5 is associated with proteolytic-dependent invasion. Thus, expression of Ezrin versus Tks5 in BC cases may represent different invasion modalities. Additionally, immunofluorescence (IF)-based technologies may provide a more quantitative and objective approach for analysis of biomarker expression and subcellular compartmentalization compared to immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, I hypothesize that expression and subcellular localization of Src, Ezrin and Tks5, have improved prognostic significance in BCs, compared to current clinico-pathological parameters. To assess this, I optimized an IF-based automated quantification analysis (AQUA) system to measure subcellular expression in a 63-patient BC cohort and tested associations with clinico-pathological data. This thesis presents that: 1) Expression of Src and Ezrin increased, but that of Tks5 decreased in breast tumours compared to normal breast. 2) Src and Ezrin localized to the apical regions of normal breast epithelia but shifted to the cytoplasm in breast tumours. Tks5 exhibited a granular basal expression in normal breast epithelia, and is weakly expressed in tumour cellular compartments. 3) In our 63-patient cohort, Src and Ezrin had significant correlations with multiple clinico-pathological parameters, including TN status and lymphovascular invasion. 4) Clinico-pathological associations with IF-based AQUA scoring are directly comparable to conventional manual IHC scoring. Our study supports the role of Src and Ezrin as potential prognostic biomarkers for BC.

abstract: There is unpublished data from our lab referenced in the thesis.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Neuronal Processes Underlying Spatial Summation of Heat Sensations Investigated by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Entire Central Nervous System

contributor:
Stroman, Patrick W.
Neuroscience Studies

subject:
Spinal Cord
fMRI
Spatial Summation
Heat Sensations
Brain

abstract: Thesis (Master, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-15 19:01:37.694

abstract: Pain is a remarkably complex and a multifaceted process, involving the interaction between physiological and psychological factors in unique ways. Among many other factors, the size of the affected surface area contributes to the pain experience, altering one’s pain perception. Spatial summation is the term used to describe this phenomenon, and is characterized by an increase in pain perception, or a decrease in pain threshold, when the affected surface area is increased. This project investigated the neuronal processes underlying spatial summation of heat sensations in healthy female volunteers, by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the central nervous system. The first study of this project involved increasing the surface area of skin stimulated by manipulating the number of thermal probes delivering thermal stimulation, which was delivered just below participants’ measured pain threshold. Surface area was increased on one hand and across two hands to determine the extent of spatial summation, and furthermore, to determine the effect on neural activity in the spinal cord and brainstem. The second study of this project involved increasing the surface area of skin stimulated by a noxious heat stimulus and its effect on pain perception and corresponding neural activity in the spinal cord, brainstem, and brain. Results from this project suggest that the central mechanisms contributing to the spatial summation of heat sensations involve many of many of the brainstem and brain regions involved in processing the emotional, motivational, and cognitive aspects of pain. Therefore, increasing the surface area of stimulation may alter pain perception by influencing the affective dimension of the sensation, rather than the sensory/discriminatory component. The combination of such structures may interact in a unique way to protect the body from potential, or further damage, by increasing the perception of pain through emotional, motivational and cognitive mechanisms.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Children's Physical Self-Efficacy and Free-Time Physical Activity

contributor:
Freeman, John G.
Education

subject:
Social cognitive theory
Physical self-efficacy
Children
Youth
Health
Physical activity

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-11 12:38:37.688

abstract:
The majority of Canadian youth are not obtaining the recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity. These low activity levels may be partially explained by students’ physical self-efficacy in that cross-sectional research demonstrates a correlation between physical self-efficacy and children’s physical activity; however, school interventions focused on this relationship show limited success. Grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, the purpose of this two-phase mixed method study was to better understand the relationship between Grade 5/6 students’ physical self-efficacy and physical activity levels. In Phase 1 of the study, 243 students from a rural British Columbia school district completed a questionnaire on their physical self-efficacy and free-time physical activity. Results from this survey were analyzed using ANOVA to examine differences in free-time physical activity between groups based on physical self-efficacy, transport to school, access to facilities, and gender. Physical self-efficacy was found to be the only factor to demonstrate significant differences with high self-efficacious students generally participating in more free-time physical activity than low self-efficacious students.
For Phase 2 of this study, 10 participants indicating high physical activity levels, .50 SD above the mean, half demonstrating low physical self-efficacy and half demonstrating high physical self-efficacy, were selected for individual interviews to examine rationales for being active. Analysis of these qualitative data revealed similarities and differences between the high and low physical self-efficacy groups in three motivational themes: sources of self-efficacy; sources of pleasure; and personal priorities and ideologies. These findings highlight the complexity of physical activity participation in youth and provide support for interventions that encourage physical self-efficacy enhancement and outcome-expectancy attainment.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: Channel Capacity in the Presence of Feedback and Side Information

contributor:
Alajaji, Fady
Yüksel, Serdar
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
feedback
channels with memory
Information theory
channel capacity
asymmetric side information
multi-user channels

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-12 13:48:59.849

abstract:
This thesis deals with the Shannon-theoretic fundamental limits of channel coding for
single-user channels with memory and feedback and for multi-user channels with side information. We first consider the feedback capacity of a class of symmetric channels with memory modelled as  nite-state Markov channels. The symmetry yields the existence of a hidden Markov noise process that facilitates the channel description as a function of input and noise, where the function satisfies a desirable invertibility property. We show that feedback does not increase capacity for such class of finite-state channels and that both their non-feedback and feedback capacities are achieved by an independent and uniformly distributed input. As a result, the capacity is given as a difference of output and noise entropy rates, where the output is also a hidden Markov process; hence, capacity can be approximated via well known algorithms.
We then consider the memoryless state-dependent multiple-access channel (MAC) where the encoders and the decoder are provided with various degrees of asymmetric noisy channel state information (CSI). For the case where the encoders observe causal, asymmetric noisy CSI and the decoder observes complete CSI, inner and outer bounds to the capacity region, which are tight for the sum-rate capacity, are provided. Next, single-letter characterizations for the channel capacity regions under each of the following settings are established: (a) the CSI at the encoders are non-causal and asymmetric deterministic functions of the CSI at the decoder (b) the encoders observe asymmetric noisy CSI with asymmetric delays and the decoder observes complete CSI; (c) a degraded message set scenario with asymmetric noisy CSI at the encoders and complete and/or noisy CSI at the decoder.

Finally, we consider the above state-dependent MAC model and identify what is required to be provided to the receiver in order to get a tight converse for the sum-rate capacity. Inspired by the coding schemes of the lossless CEO problem as well as of a recently proposed achievable region, we provide an inner bound which demonstrates the rate required to transmit this information to the receiver.

abstract: PhD


title: On the Optimality of the Hamming Metric for Decoding Block Codes over Binary Additive Noise Channels

contributor:
Alajaji, Fady
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
Communications
Coding Theory

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-12 13:45:35.294

abstract: Most of the basic concepts of algebraic coding theory are derived for the memoryless binary symmetric channel. These concepts do not necessarily hold for time-varying channels or for channels with memory. However, errors in real-life channels seem to occur in bursts rather than independently, suggesting that these channels exhibit some statistical dependence or memory. Nonetheless, the same algebraic codes are still commonly used in current communication systems that employ interleaving to spread channel error bursts over the set of received codewords to make the channel appear memoryless to the block decoder. This method suffers from immediate shortcomings as it fails to exploit the channel’s memory while adding delay to the system. We study optimal maximum likelihood block decoding of binary codes sent over several binary additive channels with infinite and finite memory. We derive conditions on general binary codes and channels parameters under which maximum likelihood and minimum distance decoding are equivalent. The channels considered in this work are the infinite and finite memory Polya contagion channels, the queue-based channel, and the Gilbert-Elliott channel. We also present results on the optimality of classical perfect and quasi-perfect codes when used over the aforementioned channels under maximum likelihood decoding.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Essays on Least Squares Model Averaging

contributor:
MacKinnon, James G.
Nielsen, Morten Ørregaard
Economics

subject:
model averaging
cross country economic growth models

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Economics) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-17 15:46:54.442

abstract:
This dissertation adds to the literature on least squares model averaging by studying and extending current least squares model averaging techniques. The first chapter reviews existing literature and discusses the contributions of this dissertation.

The second chapter proposes a new estimator for least squares model averaging. A model average estimator is a weighted average of common estimates obtained from a set of models. I propose computing weights by minimizing a model average prediction criterion (MAPC). I prove that the MAPC estimator is asymptotically optimal in the sense of achieving the lowest possible mean squared error. For statistical inference, I derive asymptotic tests on the average coefficients for the "core" regressors. These regressors are of primary interest to researchers and are included in every approximation model.

In Chapter Three, two empirical applications for the MAPC method are conducted. I revisit the economic growth models in Barro (1991) in the first application. My results provide significant evidence to support Barro's (1991) findings. In the second application, I revisit the work by Durlauf, Kourtellos and Tan (2008) (hereafter DKT). Many of my results are consistent with DKT's findings and some of my results provide an alternative explanation to those outlined by DKT.

In the fourth chapter, I propose using the model averaging method to construct optimal instruments for IV estimation when there are many potential instrument sets. The empirical weights are computed by minimizing the model averaging IV (MAIV) criterion through convex optimization. I propose a new loss function to evaluate the performance of the estimator. I prove that the instrument set obtained by the MAIV estimator is asymptotically optimal in the sense of achieving the lowest possible value of the loss function.

The fifth chapter develops a new forecast combination method based on MAPC. The empirical weights are obtained through a convex optimization of MAPC. I prove that with stationary observations, the MAPC estimator is asymptotically optimal for forecast combination in that it achieves the lowest possible one-step-ahead second-order mean squared forecast error (MSFE). I also show that MAPC is asymptotically equivalent to the in-sample mean squared error (MSE) and MSFE.

abstract: PhD