title: Relationship between home care services and informal caregivers / by Kit Ngan Young Hoon.

contributor:
Stones, Michael
Steven, Darlene
Bedard, Michel

subject:
Home care services
Ontario
Informal caregivers

abstract:
Background: Home care services include: home health aides, visiting nurses, homemaking services, meals, volunteer work, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, day care/hospital, social work and respite care. The users of home care services often receive family/informal care. This study examined the relationship
between the frequency/quantity of each home care service and the hours of informal caregiving. It classified the relationship into substituting, complementary or norelationship.
Method: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional data set. Data collected in 2000/01 from various sites in Ontario for the RAI-HIP (Resident Assessment Instrument-Health Informatics Project) were analyzed using 2 different hierarchical logistic regression
models. The dependent variable was hours of informal care. The independent variables were frequency (model 1) and hours (model 2) of the 11 types of formal services.  Variables also entered into the models were client demographics (gender, age, marital status, education), client physical/functional characteristics (lADL involvement scale, ADL Hierarchy scale. Cognitive performance scale, ability to understand others, wandering, resists care, diagnosis of dementia), caregiver characteristic (expresses client lives with, number of caregivers that live with the client, relationship between the
caregiver and the client).
Results: Clients with caregivers (n = 5308) received an average of 18.9 hours of informal care per week (s.d. = 32.4) with a median of 11 hours per week. Logistic regression demonstrated that greater hours of informal care were significantly associated with lower
frequency and hours of home health aides, meals and respite care, but also significantly associated with higher frequency and hours of homemaking services, occupational therapy and day care/day hospital. There were no significant associations between hours
of informal care and visiting nurses, volunteers, physical therapy, speech therapy and social work.
Conclusion: The type of relationship between the formal care service and the informal caregiving varied among the different types of formal care services. Home health aides, meals and respite care had a substituting relationship with informal care. Homemaking services, occupational therapy and daycare/day hospital services had a complementary relationship with informal care. Visiting nurses, volunteers, physical therapy, speech therapy and social work had no-relationship with informal care.

Data analysed was collected for the Resident Assessment Instrument - Health Informatics Project in 2000/2001 at various sites in Ontario including Thunder Bay (Northwestern Ontario), Hamilton, and Waterloo.


title: Stand density management implications on the woody quality of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) in the Sault Ste. Marie MNR District of Ontario

contributor:
Shahi, Chander
Leitch, Mathew

subject: Yellow birch quality (Ontario Sault Ste. Marie Region)

subject: Wood Quality

subject: Yellow birch (Effect of forest management on, Ontario Sault Ste. Marie Region)

abstract: Creating quality tolerant hardwood stands through intensive silviculture and mapping their properties is considered a means for optimizing the value chain in Northeastern Ontario. A comprehensive literature review was conducted concerning the growth, morphology and factors influencing end merchantability of diffuse porous hardwoods, which commonly grow in Northeastern Canada and North America. It was seen that there was a gap in the literature concerning the effects varying degrees of density management have on the internal properties of the growing stock occurring on site. The literature did, however, provide a knowledge base from which to evolve. Based on the current gaps in the literature, mapping of the internal properties associated with density management of yellow birch was conducted from a research site 30 kilometers Northwest of Thessalon, Ontario in the Algoma Forest District. Density management associated with the specific research site reflect releasing trees to 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of tree height at time of treatment, since the trees were on average 10m high the treatments consist of releasing plus trees to one, two, three and four m, respectively. Destructive testing was performed on 15 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) trees from the thinning trial located in the Northern regions of the Great Lakes St Lawrence forest zone. The results showed that the thinning treatments applied had a significant effect on the internal wood properties of the yellow birch growing on site. The greatest variability was not between treatments but axially throughout the trees. Janka Ball side hardness values attained from the test specimens were on average 24% higher than published values. Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) values attained were 15% and 15% lower than the published values, respectively. The average ring width values across all treatments analysed were found to be 80% higher than the published values. The values for the microscopic attributes (fibers and vessels) displayed no difference between treatments and followed published trends associated with morphological changes in the trees. It was observed that the properties do not follow any discernable pattern associated with the intensity of crop tree thinning intensity. It was determined that thinning treatments do have a significant effect on the internal mechanical properties of the yellow birch growing on site and is suggested that thinning can increase stem merchantability and decrease rotation ages.


title: Psychometric properties of an Icelandic translation of the Basic Personality Inventory

subject:
Basic Personality Inventory
Personality tests
Teenagers Iceland Psychology

abstract:
This study investigated the psychometric properties of an Icelandic
translation of the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI), using a sample of
609 Icelandic teenagers. The translation procedure is described
thoroughly in order to provide the reader with a basis with which to
assess its impact on establishing an equivalent version. The Icelandic
BPI item and scale characteristics are compared with available North
America results. With only one exception a comparison of the scale
means between Iceland and Canada, revealed between-country
differences with the same magnitude as between provinces within
Canada. The results from inter-item consistency measures, correlation
matrices, and test-retest reliabilities are similar in both countries. The
factor structure of both the Icelandic and the original version of the BPI
is identical. The results from this initial study are promising in
revealing a high degree of correspondence between psychometric
properties of the Icelandic BPI and the English BPI. This is a promising
initial indication that the existing empirical/clinical results with the
English version of the BPI will be relevant to the Icelandic version.


title: Type A behavior pattern, frustration and aggression

subject:
Personality
Aggressiveness (Psychology)
Typology (Psychology)

abstract:
Experimental studies have shown Type A Behavior
Pattern individuals to be more aggressive than Type B's.
The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether
increased frustration in response to task failure offers a
partial explanation for Type A individual's higher levels
of aggression. The study examined the influence of Task
Load, Sex and Behavior Pattern on Frustration and
Aggression. There were 86 subjects, 38 males and 48
females, from the Introductory Psychology Subject Pool.
Type A subjects were those who scored 8 or greater on the
Jenkins Activity Survey Form T. There were 2 Task Load
levels; 5 and 25 problem conditions. The degree of task
failure was greater in the 25 problem condition. Degree of
frustration was obtained through self-report and aggression
was measured by a questionnaire rating the experimenter.
Type A's were found to become both more frustrated and
aggressive in the 25 problem condition than in the 5
problem condition. Clinical ramifications of these
findings are discussed.


title: Robust H infinity model reference tracking control of singular systems using T-S fuzzy model and LMI

subject:
High index singular systems
Hilbert-Schmidt operator infinity-norm
Linear matrix inequality (LMI)
Nonlinear singular systems
Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model

abstract:
In this study, a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model based tracking controller is proposed for nonlinear
high index singular systems with a guaranteed H1 model reference tracking performance. A
coordinate transformation is introduced, which allows to represent the nonlinear high index
singular systems using T-S fuzzy model. This transformation facilitates the specification of a
dynamic reference system that satisfies the same constraints as the actual system. Moreover,
the proposed transformation relaxes the existence condition of a full order observer for a
nonlinear high index singular system. A modification of the existing linear matrix inequality
optimization algorithm has been proposed to make the algorithm compatible for singular
systems. The proposed approach is general and can be used for designing the tracking
controller and defining the dynamic reference model for any singular systems with any index.
Without using the exact feedback linearization technique and complicated adaptive schemes,
this tracking controller design approach is simple and feasible for practical applications.
Finally, two high index singular systems from two different fields are used as examples to
demonstrate the proposed design effectiveness.


title: Psychological characteristics in seasonal and nonseasonal depression

subject:
Seasonal affective disorder
Depression, Mental Research

abstract:
The present study compared three groups of individuals (Seasonal Affective Disorder or SAD,
nonseasonally depressed or NSD, and healthy controls) to establish similarities and differences
among them in various psychological variables: sociotropy and autonomy, sensitivity to
interpersonal rejection, social anxiety (fear and avoidance of performance and social situations),
social loneliness, emotional (family and romantic) loneliness, and perceived life stress. These
individuals completed the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ, Rosenthal, 1993),
a diagnostic questionnaire based on the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000)
diagnostic criteria for current Major Depressive Episode, a 29-item version of the Hamilton
Depression Rating Scale (Rosenthal & Heffeman, 1986), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale -
Self-Report version (Liebowitz, 1987), the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale - Revised (Clark, Steer,
Beck, & Ross, 1995), the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein, 1983), the
Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults - Short version (DiTommaso & Spinner,
1997), and the Rejection Questionnaire (Coyne, 1976; Hammen & Peters, 1978). Results
indicated that compared to the Control group, the SAD and NSD groups when in a depressed
state were more sociotropic, feared and avoided social and performance situations to a greater
degree, perceived themselves as undergoing more life stress, and experienced more social and
family loneliness. No significant differences were found between the NSD and SAD groups,
with the exception of SAD having greater seasonal change in their appetite than NSD. When the
effects of the depressive scores were partialled out, the three groups were virtually
indistinguishable, with the exception of the SAD and NSD groups scoring higher on social
anxiety than the Controls.


title: C-N bond formation employing palladium and nickel precatalysts containing anionic phosphinobenzimidazole ligands

subject:
Ligands
Phosphinobenzimidzoles
Anionic hybrid ligands
Catalysis

abstract:
In this investigation, the catalytic utility of anionic, phosphinobenzimidzoles
[Li(THF)2][1a] and [Li(THF)4][1b] in effecting the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction was
examined. Specifically, the coordination chemistry of ligands [Li(THF)2][1a] and [Li(THF)4][1b]
with palladium was studied in an attempt to synthesize a distinct precatalyst containing either 1a
or 1b that could be screened for catalytic activity in the reaction of interest. Additionally, the
screening of a Pd/[Li(THF)4][1b] catalyst system for activity in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination
reaction was conducted concurrently. Complex 6, containing 1a, and complexes 7-12, containing
1b, were successfully synthesized, and characterized using multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy. An
optimized [Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2/[Li(THF)4][1b] catalyst system was also developed, and performed
the coupling of activated and deactivated aryl bromides with a selection of amines in moderate to
excellent yields (36-97%). A preference for primary vs. secondary amine coupling partners, as
well as a high selectivity for the monoarylated product, was observed during the course of these
studies. To highlight the remarkable potential of anionic ligands in catalysis, the catalytic
efficiency of the [Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2/[Li(THF)4][1b] catalyst system was compared with a
corresponding system utilizing the related, neutral phosphinobenzimidazole 2, with the anionic
system displaying superior catalytic activity in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction in almost
all cases. This phenomenon was attributed to the more electron-rich catalytic intermediates present
in the anionic system, enabling more rapid oxidative addition, and thus more efficient catalysis.
Further screening of the anionic precatalyst [PPh4][PdCl2(k2-1b)] (10) and neutral precatalyst
[PdCl2(k2-2)] (13) corroborated these results. Finally, preliminary studies examining the potential
of 1b as an ancillary ligand in Ni-catalyzed C-N bond formation was undertaken. The coordination
chemistry of 1b with nickel was explored, resulting in the formation of complex 14, whose
tentative structure was assigned on the basis of NMR spectroscopic evidence. Furthermore, initial
screening of a NiCl2(DME)/[Li(THF)4][1b] catalyst system in the cross-coupling of chlorobenzene
and aniline did not result in observable product formation under various reaction conditions.


title: Admixtures for use in geopolymers

contributor:
Catalan, Lionel
Kinrade, Stephen

subject:
Admixtures in cementitious systems
Geopolymers
Geopolymer mortars

abstract: This study examined two novel approaches for the geopolymerisation of fly ash produced at thermoelectric power stations by combustion of coal. The first approach involved the use of cullet, a post-consumer glass waste, to supplement dissolved aqueous silicon for the geopolymerisation of fly ash, thereby reducing the sodium silicate requirement in the activating solution and the overall cost of geopolymer manufacture. The second approach consisted of adding xylitol, a sugar alcohol known to enhance the strength of cement-based concrete, to the geopolymer activating solution.


title: Recall deficit in acute schizophrenia

subject:
Recollection (Psychology)
Schizophrenia

abstract: The present research is designed to investigate a recall deficit in schizophrenia which has been reported by some workers. Twenty-four acute schizophrenics and 24 normal subjects of average verbal intelligence were selected. Patients were selected on the basis of psychiatric diagnosis and MMPI profiles. Random series of 5 and 7-digit lists were presented on a memory drum for recall. A successive probe technique randomly probed for each serial position on every presentation.


title: An Ontario approach to urban pest management: a case study for emerald ash borer

subject: Emerald ash borer

subject: Economic impacts (beetle)

subject: Ecological impacts (beetle)

subject: Monitoring & treatment of emerald ash borer

subject: Integrated Pest Management Plan (Thunder Bay)

abstract: The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) is an invasive insect pest that was imported to North America from Asia in packaging materials and shipping containers. It first became established in Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario in 2002. It quickly spread through Southern Ontario, decimating urban and natural ash populations. There are currently several options to control the outbreak of this pest as it continues to cause ecological and economic detriment. These measures include, but are not limited to, complete tree removal, or the injection of insecticides into the tree. Thus far, Thunder Bay, Ontario has done an excellent job protecting and mitigating both the overall effects and the spread of EAB to other areas of Canada. Climate change is an ever-encroaching possibility that creates larger problems for mitigation of beetle populations.


title: Perceptions of inclusivity in the segregated classroom : perspectives of grade 7 & 8 students identified with behavioural difficulties / by Larysa Melody Henry.

contributor:
Grover, Sonja
Brady, Patrick

subject:
Behavior disorders in adolescence.
Segregation in education.
Behavior disorders in children
Inclusivity in education

abstract: The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the perspectives of five grade 7 and 8 boys identified with behaviour difficulties to determine their perceptions regarding whether their schools are meeting their educational needs. Data was collected using small focus groups. All the participants were enrolled in a segregated program, known here by the pseudonym Opportunities, during the time of the focus group discussions. Furthermore, the participants were able to reflect back on their previous experiences in their regular classrooms. In order to modify regular classrooms to meet the participants' needs they recommended: reducing class sizes in the higher elementary grades, making additional support personnel available to help them within their classes, and finding teachers who are especially caring and supportive of students identified with special needs.


title: Where politics and music meet : why developing critical consciousness is important to the education of professional musicians

subject: Music instruction and study (Political aspects)

subject: Critical pedagogy

subject: Critical thinking

abstract:
My hypothesis is that the intersections of music and politics are not adequately
addressed in professional music education as it is currently conceived and that the tools
of critical theory and critical pedagogy and the goal of developing critical consciousness
address this gap. My objective is to show the necessity to situate ourselves and our work
in relation to political, economic, personal and communal locations.
This thesis is a conceptual study and draws on the literatures of philosophy of
music education (i.e., B. Reimer; D. Elliott, T. Regelski and E. Jorgensen) and critical
theory/critical pedagogy (e.g., Paulo Freire). I argue that critical consciousness enables
us to consider political aspects of materiality, ideology, and power, thus affecting our
understandings of ourselves as musicians, suggesting changes to our practices, and
contributing to our capacity to participate as citizens in a democracy. In conclusion, I
offer a series of recommendations, pointing to extant work that could contribute to a
music program that has developing critical consciousness as a goal.


title: Off the beaten track : messaging as a means to reducing depreciative behaviour in a national park

subject: National parks and reserves (Public use)

subject: Environmental education

subject: Canada's National Parks & visitor impact

subject: Nature-based tourism growth

abstract:
Over the 2004 peak visitor season, a covert observational study was conducted
at St. Lawrence Islands National Park, Ontario, Canada to assess the extent of
social trail use on two islands. The study examined the effectiveness of
message text, and location on signs aimed at reducing the amount of social
trail use by visitors. Attribution and species-at-risk messages were more
effective than simple messages at eliciting desired behaviours. Furthermore,
when signs were posted at specific locations of interest, social trail use was
reduced significantly compared to no messages, or messages located at points
of entry alone. Attribution messages may lead to environmental attitudes
becoming accessible. Gender and age of visitor also influenced social trial
behaviour.


title: Finger temperature recovery from stress

subject:
Stress (Physiology)
Body temperature

abstract:
The purpose of the study was to determine whether finger
temperature is a useful and reliable measure of physiological
recovery from stress. The design was an ABA format in which days
one and three involved a stressor, while day two simply entailed
sitting quietly. The three sessions were one week apart. Gender
differences in finger temperature recovery were found, with the
finger temperature of females failing to return to baseline
levels ten minutes following the stressor. However, this gender
difference was also apparent on the control day, and thus it
appears to reflect gender differences in baseline drift. The
implications of this gender difference in finger temperature
drift are discussed.


title: Physical fitness, health, and cardiovascular recovery from psychological and physiological stress in women

subject:
Stress (Physiology)
Physical fitness
Women Physiology

abstract:
The present study examined the relationship of fitness
and exercise to psychological state, health behaviours,
and cardiovascular recovery from stress in a sample of
79 females aged 17-36 years. The study was conducted
during two sessions. Fitness was appraised with the
Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness (1986), modified
to include a prediction of aerobic power (MV02) from a
sub-maximal workload on a bicycle ergometer.
Cardiovascular recovery from both a mental and a
physical stressor was measured. Questionnaires which
assessed physical activity, health behaviours, life
stress, mood, quality of life, and perceived exertion
during the stressors were given. Few correlations
between fitness and exercise behaviours, and health and
psychological measures were found. Fitness (MV02) was
significantly correlated with faster systolic blood
pressure recovery following the mental and physical
stressors. However, MV02 was not related to heart rate
recovery; nor were the other fitness and exercise
variables clearly related to cardiovascular recovery.
The findings suggest caution in concluding that aerobic
fitness yields or mediates clear psychological or
stress-related benefits.


title: Children with an identified learning disability and their understanding of the social world

subject:
Learning disabilities
Social skills
Cognitive exceptionalities
Deficits in social competency
Learned behaviours

abstract: Social skills are learned behaviours. Individuals with identified learning disabilities frequently have difficulty demonstrating, acquiring, and understanding the importance of behaviours that are deemed social skills and in abiding by social scripts and norms. The development of social skills evolves through interaction with others. Most children who do not have an identified learning disability pick up on social cues through interactions. They quickly become aware of what is not socially acceptable by understanding the context and social reactions of others to what is going on in the world around them.


title: Safety from predators or competitors? Interference competition leads to apparent predation risk

contributor:
Morris, Douglas
Hecnar, Stephen
McLaren, Brian

subject:
Predation
Predation risk
Foraging behaviour
Prey foraging

abstract: Prey often react to predation risk by foraging preferentially in safe, rather than risky, patches. Yet prey also must deal with the negative effects of competition for the same patches. The pattern of patch use can mimic that created by predation risk if dominant competitors cause subordinates to increase their use of safe foraging patches. I develop a simple theory of this form of apparent predation risk that describes patch use by an optimal forager confronted with interference from individuals of a dominant, competing species. The theory predicts that predation risk for subordinate individuals increases with the density of nearby dominants. I tested the theory’s prediction with meadow voles and southern red-backed voles foraging in pairs of safe and risky patches in four adjacent sub-grids in an old-field enclosure. I used dyadic encounters to confirm that meadow voles are dominant over red-backed voles. I estimated the density of meadow voles likely to be encountered by foraging red-backed voles as the number of uniquely marked meadow voles using at least one of a pair of safe and risky patches. Subordinate red-backed voles foraged indifferently between safe and risky patches when few meadow voles were encountered. Red-backed voles increased their use of both safe and risky patches as the number of nearby meadow voles increased. Giving-up densities were lower and harvesting efficiency higher in safe patches when the number of nearby meadow voles was high. These results document competition between the two species and suggest that competition increases the benefits of foraging more efficiently in safe than risky patches. Experiments using foraging behaviour to assess predation risk might misinterpret its effect unless they first account for competition among foraging individuals.


title: Understanding the psychosocial impact of cancer in adolescence and young adulthood: a mixed-methods assessment of the perspectives of patients, survivors, and healthcare professionals

contributor:
Stones, Michael
Sellick, Scott

subject: Cancer in adolescence and young adults

subject: Psychosocial care (adolescent/young adult)

abstract:
The goal was to assess the perceived ability of healthcare professionals to discuss adolescent and
young adult oncology (AYAO) specific issues, and the use of a documentary film as awareness
and teaching tool. Healthcare professionals and students (n = 81) were recruited during training
sessions at three Canadian cancer centres and invited to complete a brief questionnaire before
and after viewing a documentary film depicting an outdoor expedition for AYA cancer patients.
Demographics, work experience, and self-perceived AYAO knowledge was assessed pre-film.
Understanding of AYAO needs, emotions, and life issues was queried using a 5-pt ordinal scale
and using open-ended questions both pre- and post-film. Post-film, respondents were asked to
reflect on whether they had learned anything new (yes/no). Medical staff and students reported a
statistically significant increase in understanding of AYAO emotions, needs, and life issues from
pre- to post-film, with 96% of the sample reporting they learned something new from viewing
the film. Qualitative data support an increased post-film recognition of isolation as a key emotion
and decreased emphasis on the treatment-related concerns as key life issues. Notably, the need
for support was well recognized both pre- and post-film. This research provides preliminary
support for the use of film as a teaching tool. Further research is warranted to explore short and
long-term benefits from the patient and professional standpoint.


title: Changing climate of outdoor education in the Quebec CEGEP system

subject:
Outdoor education
Community colleges Quebec (Province)

abstract:
This study examined the manner in which outdoor education programming has
changed in the English Quebec College D'Enseignement General et Professionnel
(CEGEP) system during the last 20-30 years and the factors contributing to that change.
It employs a qualitative case study approach involving participant interviews and
document analysis in identifying four major themes of change: curriculum reform, risk
management, aging teachers, and student change. Factors contributing to this change
include: global educational reform trends, increased risk management awareness and
litigation, teacher experience and age, lack of student experience in the outdoors,
prevalence of technology, physical health, employment, and student enrolment. The
outcome is the recommendation for more course hours, increased professional
development for teachers, a dispelling of the misconceptions of outdoor education, new
approaches to attracting and connecting with students, as well as continued research in
the field in order to verify themes in the broader context of outdoor education.


title: New mother's opinions on prenatal education : how useful are prenatal classes in assisting first-time mothers through pregnancy, childbirth and the early postnatal period? / by Katarina A. Edwards.

subject:
Prenatal care
Maternal health services

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether prenatal education programs are
useful in assisting women in pregnancy, childbirth and the early postnatal period. A selfselected
sample of seven women who had attended the Douglas College prenatal series
were interviewed in their homes 2-3 weeks postnatal. Utilizing semi-structured
interviews the participants were asked a series of six questions pertaining to the
educational experience and subsequent birth event. The results were very positive as all
women indicated that the prenatal classes were helpful in assisting them through
pregnancy and childbirth. Women reported that the labour and childbirth preparation
reduced their anxiety and fostered feelings of confidence in progressing through the
labour and birth of their baby. There was consensus however, that more time should be
dedicated to providing information and support regarding the early postnatal period,
breastfeeding and basic infant care. The women cited feelings of vulnerability and
lacking confidence in caring for themselves and their babies in the first weeks at home. It
was unclear whether this was a consequence ofprogram content or if learner readiness
played a role in acquisition of this knowledge. It was recommended that Douglas College
continue to utilize the current curriculum with the addition of an extra class specifically
dedicated to the issues pertaining to the early postnatal period. Implications for prenatal
education and future research are provided.


title: Leaving the federation : secondary administrators' responses to a change in context

subject:
High schools (Administration)
High school principals (Ontario)

abstract:
The effects of contextual change (removal from the teachers' federation) on the culture of a small group of secondary school administrators was studied qualitatively, by a participant observer, using interviews, observations, and a survey. The participants included seven principals, (six
males and one female) and eleven vice-principals, (seven males and four
females). Changes in the group culture are noted in areas such as: sense of
purpose, sense of community, trust, decision making, empowerment and
recognition. The changes in culture impaired the group’s ability to
collaborate, and caused feelings of anger, frustration, isolation and an
increased interest in retirement.


title: Biodegradation of fenitrothion and fenitrooxon by the soil fungus Trichoderma viride

subject:
Fenitrothion Biodegradation
Fenitrooxon Biodegradation
Trichoderma viride Pers

abstract:
The biodegradation of fenitrothion (0,0-dimethyl-0-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)-
phosphorothioate and fenitrooxon (0,0-dimethyl-0-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphate by the soil fungus Trichoderma viride Pers. has been investigated.
Test compounds were incubated with pure cultures of the fungus. The liquid cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate and the residues analysed by gas chromatography.  Fenitrothion, fenitrooxon and their hydrolysis product, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, were identified in the fenitrothion degradation experiments, while only the hydrolysis product and unreacted starting material was recovered from fenitrooxon test cultures. A clean-up
procedure involving ion-exchange chromatography using Amberlyst A-21 resin was developed to facilitate residue analysis.
Evidence indicated that the fungal degradation of fenitrothion involves both oxidative and hydrolytic pathways. Furthermore, the evidence suggested that the 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol hydrolysis product is cometabolised by the fungus.


title: Higher dimensional numerical quadrature

subject: Numerical integration

abstract:
This thesis contains a study of higher dimensional numerical
quadrature, especially two dimensional Gregory quadrature.
In Chapter I, we discuss the problem of approximation
and integration, the reasons why numerical quadrature has been
developed and review some important numerical quadrature formulas.
Chapter II contains some fundamental concepts, including
some useful notations on higher dimensions, barycentric coordinates,
homogeneous representation of polynomials, the Newton-Cotes polynomials,
and integration and differentiation in barycentric coordinates
.
In Chapter III we present a generalization of Newton-
Cotes quadrature to higher dimensions over k-simplices. Our
generalization is based on the properties of the Newton-Cotes lattice
and the Newton-Cotes polynomials. A rather complete list
(up to 13th order) of two dimensional Newton-Cotes quadrature
formulas over triangles as well as some three dimensional Newton-
Cotes quadrature formulas over tetrahedra are given.
In Chapter IV we apply the concept of the hexagonal kpartition
of unity, developed by Professor P.O. Frederickson,
to construct some two dimensional Gregory quadrature formulas.
The general derivation of an mth order Gregory quadrature formula
over a plane region with piece-wise linear boundary is given.
Particularly, the Gregory quadrature formulas of the first three
orders over some special regions are computed.


title: Body image perception and self-esteem in eating disordered females : further validation of the silhouette body image test / by K. Jennifer Helm. --

subject:
Body image
Self-esteem
Appetite disorders

abstract:
Previous research has shown that the available techniques for
assessing body image perception do not provide valid and
reliable measures. The present study was designed to further
validate the Silhouette Body Image Test (SBIT), which was
found to be a reliable and valid measure of body image
perception on a population of non-eating disordered
university students. In the present study, a sample of
anorexics, bulimics and non-eating disordered females were
administered the SBIT. Responses on the SBIT were compared
to subject’s actual body size. Results indicated that eating
disordered females significantly overestimated their body
size when compared to non-eating disordered controls.
Subjects level of self-esteem was measured with the Rosenberg
Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) to examine the relationship between
self-esteem and body image distortion. Eating disordered
females scored significantly lower in level of self-esteem.
Results indicated a significant negative correlation between
low self-esteem and percent of overestimation of body size
for all subjects. Implications and suggestions for future
research are discussed.


title: Estimating change of amphibian wetland habitat for Painted Rock Island, Lake of the Woods, from 1952-2015 using historical aerial photography and modern satellite imagery

subject:
Amphibians (Northwestern Ontario)
Wildlife management
Wetland ecosystem
Wetland habitat change (amphibians)
Amphibian ecology
Aerial photography
Satellite imagery

abstract: Amphibians are suffering from global decline due to a synergy of factors – many of which are primarily the result of anthropogenic impacts including climate change, yet they are a crucial component of a functioning ecosystem. The importance of amphibians, the state of their decline, and an analysis of habitat is explored, with the primary intent for this thesis to observe changes to assorted wetland habitat for amphibians of Painted Rock Island, Lake of the Woods. An aerial photo dated 1952 is compared to 2015 satellite imagery using classic rephotography techniques and beginner-level geographic information systems analysis. These comparisons will prove useful to restoration practitioners and conservation scientists that might have the goal of understanding habitat changes over time specific to Lake of the Woods


title: A Subspace of l2(X) without the approximation property

subject:
Mathematics
Banach algebras

abstract: The aim of the thesis is to provide support to the following conjecture, which would provide an isomorphic characterization of a Hilbert space in terms of the approximation property: an infinite dimensional Banach space X is isomorphic to l₂ if and only if every subspace of l₂ (X) has the approximation property. We show that if X has cotype 2 and the sequence of Euclidean distances {dn(X *)}n of X * satisfies dn (X *) ≥ α(log2 n )β for all n ≥ 1 and some absolute constants α > 0 and β > 4, then [cursive l] 2 (X ) contains a subspace without the approximation property.


title: Parent, teacher and administrator perceptions of the benefits and costs to students participating in an integrated program

subject:
Interdisciplinary approach in education
Environmental education
Experiential learning

abstract:
The primary purpose of this qualitative case study is to examine the benefits and
costs to students participating in an integrated program. The data were collected through
participant observation and informal interviews with parents, teachers, administrators and
students. Results indicate that benefits to students consist of improved attendance,
influence on postsecondary, career and lifestyle choices, increased environmental
awareness or appreciation, and an increase in physical fitness, confidence, maturity,
persistence, and social skills. Results also indicate that costs to students include
scheduling and time commitments, having to live with the stigma of taking a “bird
course,” the inability to meet diverse learning needs, and high financial cost. Participants
believe that benefits outweigh costs.


title: Carrying capacity of vicunas in the Chimborazo Faunal Production Reserve, Ecuador

subject:
Vicuna (Vicugna vicugna)
Chimborazo Faunal Production Reserve
Carrying capacity
Wildlife management
Habitat use and selection (Vicuna)
Ecuadorian vicuna

abstract: The Chimborazo Faunal Production Reserve (CFPR) and the reintroduction of the vicuna (Vicugna vicugna) is a success story for species conservation in South America. While the vicuna was once thought to be headed for extinction, its surprising population increase has led to a stable and widespread population. Within the CFPR, vicuna numbers have grown at a fast rate, prompting managers to consider the total carrying capacity of the reserve. Determining the carrying capacity of vicuna within the CFPR requires consideration for a variety of variables, including ecosystem use, water availability and interactions with livestock. Preliminary findings by this study indicate that distance to livestock is a very important factor in the distribution and habitat selection of vicuna and that vicuna appear to prefer areas near livestock. Areas of preferred habitat were found to be those in the paramo grassland (herbazal de paramo) ecosystem, near livestock and with adequate water sources nearby. In order to fully understand the complex relationship between vicuna and livestock in the CFPR, further studies should be conducted over longer periods of time.


title: Effects of landscape disturbance on the population dynamics and behaviour of moose (Alces alces) in the greater Pukaskwa ecosystem, Ontario

subject: Moose Habitat Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Moose Behavior Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Moose Habitat Ontario Pukaskwa National Park

subject: Landscape disturbance

abstract:
I studied the population dynamics, movements and home range of moose {Alces alces) in
the Greater Pukaskwa Ecosystem, Ontario, during 1995-1999. My study compared two
landscapes experiencing different management regimes: Pukaskwa National Park (PNP),
a wilderness park, and the adjacent Wildlife Management Unit #33 (WMU33), a multiuse
forest with commercial timber harvest (part of the White River Forest). I
hypothesized that because PNP was not disturbed (i.e., by fire or timber harvest) and
WMU33 was, the condition of moose and moose habitat carrying capacity would be
better in WMU33 than PNP. I used 5 triennial aerial moose surveys to assess population
dynamics and distribution, and 35 radio-collared adult female moose to assess
productivity, survival, marrow condition, blood condition, morphometries, movements
and home range. I found the mean moose density per plot in the most recent aerial
surveys to be slightly higher but not statistically different in WMU33 than PNP (0.332
and 0.273 moose/km2, respectively), and kriging demonstrated that most of the high
moose densities occurred in WMU33 and were increasing more than in PNP. Survival
rates were not significantly different between landscapes (93% in PNP and 89% in
WMU33), and were similar to findings of other studies. Marrow fat showed differences
among seasons, being highest in summer and lowest in late winter, but was not
significantly different between landscapes. Movements in PNP were greater than in
WMU33, and PNP moose showed distinct movements between summer and winter
ranges, which was not seen in WMU33. Seasonal movements were significant, with
summer being the greatest (22.0 m/hr in PNP and 20.1 m/hr in WMU33) and winter the
smallest (6.9 m/hr in PNP and 5.5 m/hr in WMU33). Annual MCP home range sizes were
significantly larger in PNP than WMU33 (70 and 43 km2, respectively). Home ranges
also showed significant season effects, being largest in summer and smallest in winter. In
my study, I found that moose occupying the WMU33 landscape have shown a slight
positive response to forest disturbance, caused by timber harvest, through increased
population density. I did not find statistically important differences in physical condition
of moose between the two landscapes, but moose in WMU33 made smaller movements
and had smaller home ranges than moose living in the undisturbed landscape of PNP.


title: Invasive plant species management for the city of Thunder Bay

subject: Invasive plants

subject: Invasive species management

subject: Urban forestry

subject: Integrated Pest Management Plan (Thunder Bay)

subject: Control methods (invasive species)

abstract: Non-native plant species are being introduced into new environments at an increasing rate due to globalization and increased levels of trade. As such, the field of invasive plant management must constantly evolve in order to adequately manage the rising number of threats. The impacts caused by introduced species and how introduced species become “invasive” is examined to better understand the threat they pose. Discussions pertaining to the multiple control methods and their various advantages and disadvantages are done to identify solutions applicable at a local scale. Management strategies and control methods for various invasive species found within the city of Thunder Bay are examined to provide recommendations for the city.


title: Throwing their weight around: a critical examination of faculty experiences with challenging dominant obesity discourse in post-secondary education

contributor:
Socha, Teresa
Russell, Connie
Walton, Gerald
Barrett, Joe

subject:
Fat oppression
Fat studies
Obesity discourse
Pedagogical approaches
Teaching strategies
Weight-based stigma

abstract:
Obesity discourse is dominant in mainstream Western society, and is increasingly
identified as a social category that normalizes, privileges, and praises certain bodies while
stigmatizing others. Given that weight-based stigma has been shown to have harmful
consequences, addressing and employing teaching strategies that address this social justice issue
is, therefore, of utmost importance. This research investigates the academic experiences,
philosophical perspectives, and pedagogical approaches of twenty-six post-secondary faculty
members in social sciences, humanities, health sciences, behavioural sciences, and education
who are known for challenging dominant obesity discourse in their teaching. Data were collected
via semi-structured interviews and relevant course materials submitted by each participant
(course syllabi, Power Point presentations, workshop materials, and academic papers).
Qualitative data analysis and reporting techniques were employed within a critical fat studies,
framework to explore the experiences, perspectives, and approaches of all participants.
Analysis indicates that fat oppression within academic institutions is prevalent and that
working to address this social justice issue is complex. Participants drew specific attention to
how bodies are read within their university classrooms in the context of contemporary dominant
obesity discourse. They highlighted how their academic careers are being influenced by size
privilege and fat oppression within their post-secondary institutions. Lastly, participants shared
various pedagogical approaches and teaching practices they have employed in the classroom that
aimed to disrupt the reproduction, legitimization, and promotion of biomedical obesity narratives
and offer alternative perspectives around fatness. This research concludes that combining critical
fat studies and educational research is generative for understanding and addressing fat oppression
within higher education.


title: Implication of introducing body checking in ice hockey at different ages

contributor:
Newhouse, Ian
Farrell, Joey
Dorsch, Kim

subject:
Body checking (Ice hockey)
Hockey injuries

abstract: The main purpose of this research was to compare the rate of body checking injuries between two Provinces that introduce body checking at different ages (age 12 versus 14). Three teams from Ontario (body checking introduced at age 12) and three teams from Quebec (body checking introduced at age 14) were used in each of the 10 and 11, 12 and 13, and 14 and 15 year old levels. A total sample of 294 players were involved in the study for one full hockey season, from August of 1993 to April of 1994.


title: Effect of a strong magnetic field on the Mott Transition in Semiconductors

subject: Semiconductors

subject: Indium antimonide

subject: Dielectric approach to impurity conduction

abstract:
This thesis considers the effect of a magnetic field on
the transition from a conducting to a non-conducting state in impurity
semiconductors, with particular reference to indium antimonide.
Two models for such a transition have been proposed: one
is based on the disappearance of bound states of the impurity due
to screening by conduction electrons and the other is based on the
onset of conduction due to overlap between the electron wave functions
on adjacent impurity sites. The present work extends the
latter model to include the effect of magnetic fields.
The theoretical work of Yafet, Keyes and Adams (Ref. 6),
Fenton and Haering (Ref. 5) and Durkan and March (Ref. 10) is reviewed
in Section 2 of the thesis. In Section 3 a dielectric approach
to impurity conduction, due to Frood (Ref. 12), is introduced;
he shows that the impurity system is non-conducting when
(see document for formula) where N is the impurity concentration, a is the
average polarizability of an impurity atom and CQ is the dielectric
constant of the background crystal. We use this criterion in
Section 4 to calculate a value of the critical magnetic field needed
to make conduction cease, deriving a as a function of magnetic
field from a variational calculation of the ground state energy of
the impurity. Our calculation is carried out for (see document for formula) so that
the impurities are all in the ground state and there are no electrons in the conduction band (i.e. we do not consider excited
states of the impurity or screening by conduction electrons).
Finally we compare theoretical predictions with published experimental
results.


title: Sulfo-functionalization of lignin and its impact on the stabilization of colloidal systems

contributor:
Fatehi, Pedram
Liao, Baoqiang
Chen, Aicheng
Nejad, Mojgan

subject:
Lignin chemistry
Lignin-based materials
Plant-based biomaterials
Emulsion stabilization

abstract:
Lignin macromolecules, derived from renewable biomass resources, have gained extensive interest
during the past decade as a sustainable substitute for synthetic oil-based materials. The main goal
of this dissertation was to formulate and investigate lignin-based materials (dispersants or
adsorbents) that are renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic from the molecular level to the
macroscopic level. To obtain desired physicochemical properties, chemical modifications or selfassembly were conducted to alter solubility, size, functionality, and surface energy of products
with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or near neutral wettability. After following various techniques of
functionalization, polymerization, and nanoprecipitation (acidification), the desired structure of
polymers or particles were formed, which were extensively characterized by implementing various
analytical techniques. The correlations between physicochemical properties of unmodified
hydrolysis lignin samples and their chemical reactivities toward sulfo-alkylation reactions were
evaluated. The fundamental understanding of interactions of lignin derivatives and particles was
further evaluated in variable systems (solid films, oil-water systems, and solid suspensions) by
evaluating surface and interfacial properties. The formulated (nano) materials were successfully
used in different applications including, the adsorption of metal ions, stabilization of emulsions
(Pickering/non-Pickering), and the dispersion of clay suspension. The results showed the
suitability of the lignin-derived additives in wide-range applications.
The results on the material synthesis, physicochemical properties, and their fundamental
correlation to their effectiveness in various colloidal systems, can be utilized as guidelines for the
development of sustainable processes for the utilization of lignin-based products.


title: Stand structural dynamics of boreal conifer, mixedwood, and broadleaf fire- and clearcut logging-origin stands in central Canada

contributor:
Chen, Han
Wang, Jian
Duinker, Peter
Poschmann, Paul

subject:
Forest canopies
Effect of fires on forest dynamics
Forest management
Boreal forest
Wildlife habitat

abstract:
Stand structure has been linked to forest regeneration, nutrient cycling, wildlife
habitat, biodiversity, and climate regulation. A review and synthesis of literature
indicated that boreal forest stand structure is influence by time since stand-replacing fire
(TSF), stand composition, non-stand-replacing disturbances (i.e., spruce budworm and
blowdown), regional differences based on climate and surficial deposit variability, and
forest management. My objectives were to examine the effects of TSF, overstory
composition, and stand origin (fire versus clearcutting) on living tree and coarse woody
debris (CWD) (defined as snags and downed woody debris (DWD)) dynamics.
I sampled CWD in 69 stands representing typical upland conifer, mixedwood, and
broadleaf stand types in the central boreal forest region of North America, ranging in age
from 7 to 201 years since fire in the post-fire stands and 7 to 31 years since logging in the
post-clearcut stands in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Living trees were only sampled in
the 33 72 to 201 year-old fire-origin stands as most trees in younger stands did not meet
my sampling criteria (diameter at breast-height (DBH) ^10 cm).
Stand volume of trees differed with TSF with a U-shaped pattern in conifer
stands, an inverse U-shaped pattern in broadleaf stands, but it did not change in
mixedwoods. Tree density showed a U-shaped pattern with TSF for all stand types. For
fire-origin stands, CWD volume showed a sigmoid pattern with stand age. The effect of
stand type on CWD volume interacted significantly with stand age, showing that
mixedwoods had the greatest CWD volume in 7 year-old stands, whereas conifer stands
had highest CWD volume in 139 year-old stands. Contributions of snag and DWD
volume to CWD volume also differed with stand age and stand type.
As stand age increased from 25 to 201 years, species composition of CWD shifted
from dominance by early successional tree species to dominance by later successional
trees species, reflecting tree species successional trajectories. Composition of DWD
decay status also varied with stand age and type. In post-clearcut stands, CWD volume
was smaller, mostly noncommercial tree species, and more advanced status of decay
compared to post-fire stands with similar age.
Diameter at breast-height-based Shannon’s index, applied to tree and snag data
from 72-201 years post fire indicated that mixedwood stands were most diverse followed
by conifer and then broadleaf stands while no TSF effect was found. Height-based
Shannon’s index showed that structural diversity peaked at a TSF of 139 years in
broadleaf stands but was unaffected by TSF in conifer and mixedwood stands. While
DBH-based coefficient of variation (CV) had a similar trend as height-based Shannon’s
index, height-based CV indicated highest diversity at a TSF of 139 years regardless of
stand type.
The results of this study suggest that (a) forest management options for increasing
structural diversity may include lengthening the harvest rotation and altering partialharvesting
objectives, (b) by managing stand density in post-clearcut stands the dynamics
of post-fire and post-clearcut stands may converge as stand age increases, and (c) leaving
a greater proportion of coniferous residual trees may allow CWD to persist for longer in
the developing stand.


title: Expert on her own body: contested framings of risk and expertise in discourses on unassisted childbirth

subject:
Unassisted childbirth
Maternity care
Midwifery
Women's choices in childbirth
Risk and safety in birth
Freebirth

abstract: In spite of transitions to the culture of childbirth in late 20th century developed nations, the past decade has seen a rise of a new movement advocating for unassisted childbirth – that is, childbirth managed entirely by the labouring woman and in the absence of medical doctors, midwives or other professionally-trained caregivers. Unassisted childbirth advocates have generated an intense debate regarding who should define and control the childbirth experience, presenting a profound critique of the medical management of childbirth. This thesis examines risk discourses on unassisted childbirth as articulated by three key stakeholder groups: physician organizations, the midwifery community and unassisted childbirth advocates. Through a discursive analysis of public and professional written media on unassisted childbirth published between 1994 and 2012, I argue that for all three of the stakeholders, childbirth is typically framed in terms of a language of risk and safety; however, the conceptualizations of what constitutes risk and safety varies considerably among the three groups. Physicians argue that childbirth itself is an inherently risky process in need of medical supervision and management, while unassisted childbirth advocates argue that the real risks arise from the devalorization of birthing women’s knowledge of their bodies and in relying on medical experts to manage birth. Midwives appear to have a more complex framing of risk in childbirth, often mediating between dominant biomedical notions of risk and their own focus on birth as healthy and normal. This thesis adds to the literatures on the sociology of risk and childbirth by highlighting risk as an area of contestation, as experts and lay people interpret and make judgements about expertise, health, safety, autonomy and medical control in relation to childbirth. In addition, the findings demonstrate the continuing tensions and debates in the early 21st century around the quality of the birth experience, the medical management of childbirth and women’s decision-making in regards to reproduction.


title: Plasma ammonia and lactate response to anaerobic exercise, and their relationship to muscle fiber type

subject:
Exercise Physiological aspects
Muscles Physiology

abstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the
concentrations of plasma ammonia and lactate to an anaerobic
exercise response, lasting 90 seconds (s) in duration. The
secondary purpose was to plot this relationship versus muscle
fibre type. Four muscle biopsy sample (7 mg each) were taken
from each subject (n = 25). All muscle samples were stained
using the myosin ATPase pH 10.0> 4.30 and 4.58 technique. This
allowed for differentiation of the ST, FTa and FTb muscle fibres.
Two weeks post surgery blood was sampled from an indwelling
catheter in the antecubital vein before, immediately after, and
four minutes after 90s of exercise. Plasma blood was assayed for
both ammonia and lactate. A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
with repeated measures was performed for each metabolite followed
by a Tukey HSD post-hoc test. Correlations were calculated for
exercise, blood, and muscle variables.
Muscle fibre profiles percentages were as follows ST - 53.48
(±8.82), FT - 46.52 (±8.82), FTb (percentage of FT population) -
8.73 (±4.63). The peak power was 6.54 W/kg (±0.83) and the
relative capacity was 687.3 J/kg (±86.3). The capacity score was
higher than scores reported previously for the similar protocol.
Mean plasma ammonia values were 66.65 (±33.45), 130.0 (±37.15),
and 251.8 (±61.82) mol/1 at rest, immediately post-exercise and
at 4 minutes post-exercise respectively. The increase in ammonia
concentration over time was significant (p < 0.01). Mean plasma
lactate values were 1,45 (±.52), 8.30 (±3.11), and 14.08 (±2.62)
mmol/1 at rest, immediately post-exercise and 4 minutes post-exercise
respectively. Lactate increase over time was
significant. There was a significant positive relation between
plasma ammonia and lactate over time (r = .77, p < 0.05).
Regression analysis of percentage FT muscle fibre and ammonia
increase demonstrated a correlation of r = .58 (p < 0.05, one tailed)
amongst those individuals with a 40 percent or greater FT
profile.
It appears that in this study plasma ammonia values were higher
at 4 min. post exercise than at immediately post exercise.
Ammonia and lactate rise linearly with exercise and have been
demonstrated to be related over time. A relation between ammonia
and FT muscle fibre existed in this examination; the greater the
percentage FT fibres the higher the ammonia concentration in
blood plasma.


title: Impact of silviculture on four medicinal plants in Northwestern Ontario

subject: Forests and forestry Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Cornus (Plants)

subject: Epilobium angustifolium

subject: Vegetation management

subject: Ethnobotany

abstract: Study examines the medicinal uses of 4 plants (Red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) ; fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) ; bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) and red raspberry (Rubus idaeus). It also examines the impact of the herbicides glyphosate and triclopyr on them.

abstract:
Vegetation management to release conifers from competing angiosperms is
practiced throughout Canada. Aerial herbicide application, mechanical cutting, and site
preparation are some of the techniques used to suppress competing vegetation. Scientific
evidence demonstrates that these techniques allow conifers to establish in the first few
years after planting. One of the issues that arise, especially from the public, is concern
that aerial herbicide applications have on other values. Hence, there is pressure on
managers to find alternatives for the chemical control of vegetation that hinders early
conifer growth.
In this thesis, the abundance in distribution of Cornus, Epilobium, Pteridium, and
Rubus was computed, seven years after the silvicultural treatments were applied in the
area. All four species studied show potential medicinal ingredients both from
ethnobotanical, and pharmaceutical perspectives. A single application of herbicides or
mechanical treatments did not show any statistical difference from the control plots in the
abundance of the above species. However, the trends show slight variation. By using
mechanical methods for controlling these species, the medicinal values can be made
available for development by the pharmaceutical companies, without contributing to any
environmental degradation that may result from aerial herbicide application.


title: Soil characteristics of the deciduous forests in Central Ontario and their relationships with site indicies of sugar maple, American beech and red oak

subject:
Forest soils (Ontario)
Red oak
Sugar maple

abstract:
Tolerant hardwood forests occupy a broad geographic range in Ontario and they are
important for their ecological and economical values. Although sugar maple (Acer
saccharum Marsh.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), and red oak (Quercus
rubra L.) are among the most common species in these forests, our knowledge about their
ecological factors is limited. Also, local foresters have to use models developed in other
regions to predict the quality and productivity of sites associated with those hardwood
species.
In this study, 61 plots of sugar maple, American beech, and red oak were established
in Algonquin Park, Haliburton Forest, and North Bay area. At each plot 3-9 undamaged
dominant study trees with no indication of previous disturbance were felled for stem
analysis and producing site index. At each plot, three soil pits were dug and soil samples
from H, A, and B horizons were collected. Physical characteristics including texture,
coarse fragment content, thickness of horizons, and depth of rooting system and chemical
characteristics including pH and both concentration and pool of C, N, P, Ca, Mg, Na, and
K were measured.
In the second chapter, the measured variables were compared/contrasted among the
study species. In almost all cases, significant differences were found between beech and
red oak, while sugar maple was associated with either of them. Beech and sugar maple
occurred on deeper soil with higher pH, P, Mg, and Ca in A horizon and silt content, pH,
Ca, and P in B horizon. Also red oak and sugar maple were found on soils with higher
C:N ratio and P in H horizon and lower N and Na in H and A horizon and Na in B
horizon.
In the third chapter, the soil variables were used to produce appropriate models to
indirectly estimate site index of three study species in the region. The samples for sugar
maple were stratified into three regions and the best models had of 0.51, 0.50, and
0.94 for Algonquin Park, Haliburton Forest, and North Bay area respectively. Also, the
regression models for red oak and beech had R^ of 0.73 and 0.72 respectively.
In the fourth chapter, the nutrient concentrations were compared/contrasted within site
quality classes of study species in order to find possible trends which could be used in
quantifying soil nutrient regime (SNR). American beech was found to be a better site
species indicator since more nutrients had linear trend within its site quality classes.
Moreover, P concentration was found a better element for quantification of soil nutrient
regime. Soil moisture regime (SMR), on the other hand, showed no linear relationships
with site quality classes of any of those three species.


title: “Assuming there will be ups and downs”: exploring trauma awareness through the lived experiences of registered kinesiologists in Ontario

contributor:
Pearson, Erin
Smith, Leanne
Walker, Diane

subject:
Trauma awareness
Trauma informed care and kinesiology
Recognizing trauma

abstract:
Background: At present, there is a movement in health care towards an approach that utilizes
the components of trauma awareness to enhance care provision (Davis, Constigan, & Schubert,
2017; Felitti, 2017). Trauma awareness can be described as having three main elements:
realizing the prevalence of trauma in society; recognizing the signs and symptoms of trauma in
patients; and responding to the trauma survivor by fully integrating knowledge about trauma
into practices and procedures (Klinic, 2013). Researchers recommend that the best way to
achieve the highest quality of care is for health care providers to become trauma aware (Bartlett
et al., 2015; Harris & Fallot, 2001; Kelzelman & Stravropoulos, 2012; Klinic, 2013; Ko et al.,
2008). Literature on the effects of trauma explains that trauma histories can influence the
adoption of avoidance behaviours which, in turn, can interfere with a patient’s progress to
achieve health goals such as exercise adherence (Clark et al., 2015; Kelzelman &
Stravropoulos, 2012; Klinic, 2013). Given that 76% of Canadian adults report some form of
trauma exposure in their lifetime (Van Ameringen, Mancini, Patterson, & Boyle 2008), an
argument can be made that Registered Kinesiologists, relatively new regulated health
professionals, need some foundational knowledge on trauma to help them identify related
barriers that may explain why a person is avoiding exercise. To date, no studies have explored
the notion of trauma awareness among Registered Kinesiologists in practice. Thus, advancing
trauma awareness research in this context is both timely and warranted (Wayne et al., 2017).
Not only will this information support the advancement of Kinesiology from professional and
best practice standpoints (Ko et al., 2008), the patients themselves stand to gain a great deal in
terms of quality care provision.
Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the concept of trauma awareness
through the professional lived experiences of Registered Kinesiologists working in Ontario by applying a step-wise interview process. Details of each Registered Kinesiologist’s work
experiences were gathered through three separate interviews in order to create a rich
description of their trauma awareness as depicted through their realizing the prevalence of,
recognizing, and responding to trauma in their practice.


title: Reactions of Co(II) with sodium cyanotrihydroborate in the presence of a series of bidentate and some monodentate phosphines

contributor:
Holah, D. G.
Hughes, A. N.

subject:
Cobalt Isotopes
Sodium cyanotrihydroborate
Phosphenes

abstract:
The reactions between Co(C10[subscript4])[subscript2].6H[subscript2]O or
CoCl[subscript2].6H[subscript2]O, NaBH[subscript3]CN and some monodentate (PPh[subscript3] and Pcy[subscript3]) and a series of bidentate phosphines of the type
Ph[subscript2]P-(CH[subscript2])[subscriptn]-PPh[subscript2] (n = 1-4) and also cis and trans Ph[subscript2]P-(CH[subscript2])[subscriptn]-PPh[subscript2] have been studied under a very wide range of experimental conditions. The reactions are affected by (1) the amount of NaBH[subscript3]CN used, (2) the rate of addition of NaBH[subscript3]CN, (3) the temperature, (4) the solvent used and (5) the reaction time. A number of cyanotrihydroborato and other complexes have been produced and others observed but not yet isolated.


title: Comparison between thermophilic and mesophilic membrane-aerated biofilm reactors- a modeling study

contributor:
Liao, Baoqiang
Bai, Hao
Elyasi, Siamak
Azimi, Amir H.

subject: Membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR)

subject: MABR technology

subject: Thermophilic membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (ThMABR)

abstract:
Membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), as a novel biological waste treatment technology,
has received much attention in recent years, due to its advantages, as compared to conventional
biofilm. Considerable amount of research and development of MABR technology were
conducted in lab-scale, pilot-scale studies and even full-scale applications for various types of
waste treatment and air pollution control. Though many researches have mentioned that
operation factors would result in different system performance, few researches are focused on
temperature changing impacts. While thermophilic aerated biological treatment already became a
hot issue for waste water treatment. Thus, combined with thermophilic aerated biological
treatment, the concept of thermophilic membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (ThMABR) is
proposed in this research. This concept has a great potential to develop a new type of ultracompact,
highly efficient bioreactor for high strength wastewater. In order to prove the high
temperature has positive effect on MABR system, a mathematic modeling was established.
Mathematical modeling was conducted to investigate the impact of temperature (mesophilic vs.
thermophilic) on oxygen and substrate concentration profiles, membrane-biofilm interfacial
oxygen concentration, oxygen penetration distance, and oxygen and substrate fluxes into
biofilms.
In the first part of this thesis, it focuses on a state-of-the-art literature review (2007-present) on
the research progress and technology development of the MABR technology. The biological and
membrane performances of MABRs for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen removal
in wastewaters, air pollution control, and modeling studies are systematically reviewed and
discussed. However, few articles mentioned the temperature changing effect on MABR system.
So in the second part, the concept of thermophilic membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (ThMABR)
is proposed. This concept combines the advantages and overcomes the disadvantages of
conventional MABR and thermophilic aerobic biological treatment, and has a great potential to
develop a new type of ultra-compact, highly efficient bioreactor for high strength wastewater and
waste gas treatments. Mathematical modeling was conducted to investigate the impact of
temperature (mesophilic vs. thermophilic) on oxygen and substrate concentration profiles,
membrane-biofilm interfacial oxygen concentration, oxygen penetration distance, and oxygen
and substrate fluxes into biofilms. The general trend of oxygen transfer and substrate flux into
biofilm between ThMABR and MMABR was verified by the experimental results in the
literature. The results from modeling studies indicate that the ThMABR has significant
advantages over the conventional mesophilic MABR in terms of improved oxygen and pollutant
flux into biofilms and biodegradation rates and an optimal biofilm thickness exists for maximum
oxygen and substrate fluxes into biofilm.


title: Hell with the future, let's get on with the past" : rivalry and revitalization in the Lakehead's central business districts, 1947-1980 / by John A. MacPhail.

subject: Central business districts Ontario Thunder Bay.

subject: Urban renewal Ontario Thunder Bay

subject: Shopping centers Ontario Thunder Bay.

abstract:
“Would you tell me please, which way I ought to go from here?” asked Alice.
“That depends a great deal on where you want to get to,” said the cat.
Lewis Carroll’s, Alice in Wonderland, 1865.
Victoriaville Centre was constructed under the auspices of Ontario’s Downtown
Revitalization Program (1976).^ Located in the former central business district (CBD) of
Fort William, Ontario, the centre spanned a major artery of the core area, enclosing in
climate-controlled comfort a previously bustling shopping area and street. Fort William’s
CBD, prior to amalgamation with Port Arthur in 1970; and after, experienced a
remarkable diffusion of its residential, commercial, and institutional components to the
periphery of the urban area, and later, the intercity area. The latter area is a tract of
land that separated the two-Lakehead communities of Fort William and Port Arthur. Its
significance in post-amalgamation Thunder Bay would be great.
Planning policy after the establishment of Thunder Bay was contentious. Urban
renewal in the new Port Arthur ward finished in 1974, while revitalization of the Fort
William ward would not break ground until 1978. Both projects were controversial at the
time and presented problems that linger still. The forced amalgamation of the Lakehead
communities no doubt contributed to the debate over CBD renewal in Thunder Bay’s
two core areas. Both renewal projects, however, were different in their orientation, and
as such, elicited similar and dissimilar arguments for and against their implementation.


title: Understanding the meanings of the personal lived experiences of spousal care partners participating in a chronic disease self-management program : describing the meaning and essence of the phenomenon

contributor:
Wiersma, Elaine C.
Bedard, Michel
McAiney, Carrie

subject: Dementia

subject: Effects of caring on care partners

subject: Experience of caring

subject: Factors that impact the caregiving experience

subject: Impact on care partners

subject: Needs of care partners and the need for intervention

subject: Chronic disease self-management

subject: Mental health & well being

abstract:
As predicted by the Rising Tide Study, the prevalence of dementia is increasing, and it is a chronic disease that is costly in its social, economic and health dimensions (WHO, 2012; Alzheimer’s Society of Canada (ASC), 2010). As a chronic disease, dementia changes lives, and places significant physical, emotional, social, and economic burden on families (Lee & Cameron, 2004).
While there are many personal and social benefits to caring for elderly people at home, caring for loved ones with dementia is associated with well-documented increases in care partner burden, distress, and decreases in mental health and well-being (Sorensen et al, 2006). The burdens of caregiving occur so frequently that family care partners are often the “invisible second patients”, and studies have shown that caring for someone with dementia can be more stressful than other caregiving and is associated with added physical and mental health difficulties (Brodaty & Donkin, 2009; Gilliland, & Bush, 2001; Ory, Hoffman, Yee, Tennstedt, & Schulz, 1999; Brodaty, Green, & Koschera, 2003; Sörensen, Pinquart, & Duberstein, 2002; Sarna &Thompson, 2008; Connor et al, 2008). It is recommended that health care providers support care partners to consider their own needs (Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2009).
Chronic disease self-management programs designed to specifically meet the needs of people with chronic diseases have been evaluated and has been shown to be feasible, and beneficial beyond usual care in terms of improved health behaviors and health status, and reduced hospitalization and health care costs (Lorig et al, 2001). While self-management programs have typically focused on physical chronic conditions such as arthritis, heart disease, and diabetes, self-management programs for care partners experiencing burden of care, focusing on their own physical and mental health needs are not well established or studied in the literature. Self-management is often provided as an educational program, one of the most common being the Chronic Disease Self-Management program (CDSMP) (Bodenheimer, Lorig, Holman, & Crumbach, 2002). The CDSMP is a broadly implemented group program that educates individuals and has been shown to be effective in providing generalizable skills to help manage their chronic conditions and live well regardless of their chronic illness (Health Council of Canada, 2012a).
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand the experiences of care partners participating in the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) while they are caring for a spouse living with dementia. The focus was on their experiences, the meaningfulness they attribute to participating in the CDSMP, whether it is helpful and suitable for them, and its overall contribution to the caring experience. A detailed exploration of the care partners’ personal experiences and their personal perceptions of the CDSMP was undertaken. Their experiences were analyzed and interpreted to find essential themes that together allowed meaning of the experience to emerge. I recruited four (4) participants who had agreed to participate in the study which enabled in-depth inquiry into the essence of their experiences.
Three essential structures emerged from the data as the Vancouver School of Phenomenology process of analysis was completed: transforming with others, transforming to a new normal, and transforming of focus. Two themes that comprise the essential structure of transforming with others include sharing experiences and having a safe environment to release emotions. Two themes that comprise the essential structure of transforming to a new normal include a shift in roles toward new normal, and the contextual readiness for transformation. Three themes comprise the essential structure of transforming of focus and they include refocusing on self-care, continued self-management support, and celebrating accomplishments. Each essential structure and the thematic statements are presented in this paper with a description from the participants as evidence.
Insights from this study, based on the participants differing experiences, suggest that that in order for self-management programs to be most effective in meeting care partner needs, an assessment of program fit and any structural barriers, and consideration of the contextual readiness for transformation is imperative to the success of the intervention. A modification of the program to ensure sufficient time for dialogue between members is also reported as essential for maximum learning and transformation. The findings of this study suggest that spousal care partners of those living with dementia, who were contextually ready, participating in the CDSMP attributed their personal experiences as positive and helpful with improving their overall wellbeing.


title: Synthesis and biodegradation of model compounds related to hydrocarbon-type dielectric fluids

subject:
Dielectrics Research
Hydrocarbons Biodegradation

abstract:
Uniroyal PA0-20E, an oligomer of 1-octene, is a dielectric
fluid proposed as a replacement for polychlorinated biphenyls. No
studies on its biodegradation have been reported in the literature
to date.
This thesis contains the results of an investigation of
the biodegradability of this commercial product, particularly by
micro-organisms. Model compounds, such as 7-methylpentadecane and
7-methyl-9-hexylheptadecane, were employed in the study.
A major portion of the study deals with the synthesis of
these model compounds by means of the malonic ester synthesis and
with the characterisation of intermediate and final products.
Incubation experiments have been conducted with Saocharomycopsis
lipolytica using PA0-20E and two synthetic model compounds as
substrates. Gas chromatographic analyses of the extracts of such
cultures did not result in clear evidence of degradation of these
compounds by this organism.


title: Efficient channel allocation schemes for multi-band relay networks

contributor:
Ikki, Salama
Fadlullah, Zubair
Fouda, Mostafa

subject:
Relay-based transmission
Multi-band capable relay network
Wireless communication

abstract:
As next generation wireless and mobile networks continue to evolve, the scarcity of frequency spectrum and bandwidth are on the rise. While ultra-dense small-scale networks
aim to satisfy the demand for ultra-high data rate needs, they offer limited coverage to mobile users. While relay-based network coverage expansion emerges as an appealing solution,
it typically contributes to the additional transmission delay between a source node (SN)
and a destination node (DN). To support high data rate communication and reduce the
transmission delay, the heterogeneous frequency bands could be adaptively/simultaneously
used to transmit the data packets over the relay node/s (RN/s). In this thesis, the exploitation of heterogeneous frequency bands in this manner is referred to as the multi-band
communication.
In this thesis, the advantages and shortcomings of relay-based transmission with multiband communication are studied in a systematic manner. By first formulating the theoretical problem, it is then investigated that how to develop efficient approaches and algorithms
to effectively reduce the packet relay latency. In particular, the primary concern is the
added delay due to relaying data packets from SN till DN via one or more RNs and any
additional coordination among nodes might end up in additional computational overhead.
Therefore, there emerges a trade-off between optimal (i.e., best) and fast decisions. To address the trade-off between the quality and speed of the required solution, both centralized
and distributed methods are analyzed and proposed, so as to reduce the packet latency
from SN to DN. In centralized optimization approach, as the number of RNs increase, an
optimal solution is difficult to determine because of non-deterministic computation time. [...]


title: Factors affecting women's caregiving decision-making to accept or decline formal and/or informal support

subject:
Caregivers Psychology
Terminally ill Home care
Caregivers Social conditions

abstract:
This thesis examines the social conditions and factors that influenced
a group of women caregivers to accept or decline support in the provision
of care to terminally-ill family members or relatives. I discuss the long-term
impact the provision of such care may have on women caregivers' own
health, and the implications this may have for more appropriate allocation
of health care resources in the future. I discuss social expectations
regarding the gender of caregiving, and the extent to which this group of
women in Northwestern Ontario were aware of, and had access to formal
and informal support, as well as the degree to which the support available
was seen to be accessible and beneficial.
This research is based on both primary and secondary data collection.
Primary data sources include; 1) an analysis of selective questions from a
regional survey on consumer perceptions of palliative care in Northwestern
Ontario; 2) tape-recorded interviews from two focus groups in Thunder
Bay deriving from the consumer survey; and 3) one focus group with
palliative care volunteers in the city of Thunder Bay. Secondary data
sources include social science literature on gender and caregiving and a
review of recent policy analyses of health care restructuring in Canada.
Similar to other studies, this research confirms gendered expectations
of caregiving in chronic and long-term care situations. Assumptions and
expectations held by society, family members, and women themselves
reinforce the idea of women’s responsibility as primary caregivers and tend
to ignore the consequences this may hold for women’s own health and
family lives. In addition, this thesis furthers our understanding of the
gendered dimension of caregiving by identifying several key factors that
play a role in affecting women’s decision-making to accept or decline
supportive care. I argue that concerns to preserve the dignity of
terminally-ill family members in institutional settings, and the desire to
ensure that the patient receives quality care despite staffing shortages and
limited services related to recent cutbacks in the health care system are
significant influences in women’s decision-making and may cause them to
ignore the impact this caregiving has on their own health.
Based on the statements made by caregivers in this research, I argue
that additional formal support needs to be made available and accessible
to informal caregivers. Emotional and practical support would assist both
the terminally-ill and their family members. Of equal importance are
specific modifications to the implementation of health-care delivery to
those in long-term chronic care and short-term palliative care. Presently,
it is assumed that female family members are best suited to the role of
primary caregivers for ill spouses, parents and relatives. Further research
needs to be undertaken to examine the health consequences of this
provision of care on women caregivers and to explore the context in which
care is being provided. Furthermore, family caregivers have insights about
patient needs that health care professionals may find instructive in contributing to the quality of life of terminally-ill patients and family
caregivers. Recognition of this may alleviate women’s sense of sole
responsibility for the provision of quality care to their family members.


title: Application of acceleration frequency domain factors in the analysis of headform impacts / by Evan Walsh.

subject:
Impact - Physiological effect
Brain injuries.
Crash injuries

abstract:
This research thesis was composed of two studies. The first study was a pilot
investigation to show evidence of the validity and reliability of the instruments and methodology used in the second, main investigation. The principal investigation explored the possible expansion of head injury tolerance curve information based on vibration and the frequency domain of impacts in order to improve predictive models.  The frequency domain uses a mathematical transform to change time domain measures of time and acceleration in the abscissa and ordinate to frequency and power of vibration (Smith, 2002).
The scope of this study was delimited to:
1. The use of a spherical cast urethane headform with high biofidelity was used to represent the human head. It was assumed the head would react in a similar manner without endangering human participants or requiring postmortem human subjects.
2. The inclusion of two drop heights, 0.2m and 0.4m. Fleights used in helmet testing of greater than one meter would be unnecessarily high for testing with an unhelmeted headform and would result in extreme impacts.
3. The inclusion of direct impacts only. Indirect causes of head acceleration, such as body impacts causing the type of injuries often associated with whiplash, were not considered in this study.
The following limitations were identified:
1. The headform was constructed of cast urethane and may not possess the same level of biofidelity that is now standard on instruments currently used in helmet testing such as the Hybrid III anthropometric test device or similar models. This limitation did not affect the validity of outcomes from the present study; however results may not be generalized to live subject head injury prediction models.  Differences among headforms have been noted by researchers with respect to relevance of impact measurement comparison between studies and testing procedures (Bishop, Norman, & Kozey, 1984).
2. The headform was not free to rotate; therefore, angular measures were
extrapolated from kinematic and kinetic equations.
3. Mechanical wear to the Headform Impact Measurement Device and headform was expected to occur, however, the impact of this deformation was accepted to be minimal and inconsequential to the study’s outcome.
4. Due to the manual release of the mechanical switch supporting the headform, minor errors in drop height were present. These drop height variances were kept within one m illimeter (±0.001 m) and were not expected to affect the study’s dependent measures significantly. -- Introduction


title: Biology and histopathology of Proteocephalus ambloplitis Liedy, 1887, infecting walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and yellow perch (Perea flavescens) in Lake of the Woods, Ontario

subject:
Walleye (Fish)
Cestoda Ontario Lake of the Woods
Proteocephalidea

abstract:
Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum ) and yellow
perch (Perea flavescens ) from Lake of the Woods were
examined for parenteral Proteocephalus ambloplitis from
May to November, 1982 and 1983. One hundred percent of the
age 1 and older walleye and 74% of the age 1 and older
yellow perch harboured plerocercoids. In corresponding age
classes, walleye were generally 10 times more heavily
infected than yellow perch. Mean intensity of live
plerocercoids increased with age of walleye until age class
5 then declined significantly in older fish. Intensity increased from a mean of 23 (in age class 0) to a maximum of
171 in age class 5 and was only 58 in the 7+ age class. Mean
intensity of plerocercoids increased continuously with the
age of yellow perch from 2 (age class 0) to a maximum of 20
in the 5+ age class.
All age classes of walleye (0 to 7+) became infected by
preying on yellow perch, particularly the young-of-the-year
(YOY). Small yellow perch became infected by eating copepods
but older perch obtained plerocercoids by cannibalism. The
transmission of plerocercoids to walleye and yellow perch
was greatest during late summer. Young-of-the-year walleye
and YOY yellow perch first harboured plerocercoids in early August.
The liver was the first organ of walleye and yellow
perch to be invaded by migrating plerocercoids. However, in walleye, the mesenteries ultimately contained the greatest
proportion of p1erocercoids in age 1 and older fish. The
liver remained a relatively Important site for plerocercoids
in all age classes of yellow perch. Relatively few
plerocercoids were found in the gonads of walleye or yellow
perch. Walleye fecundity was not correlated with
plerocercoid intensity.
Ninespine sticklebacks ( Fungitius pungitius ) and
logperch (Percina caprodes ) were found to harbour P.
ambloplitis p1erocercoids . These are new host records.
Migrating plerocercoids caused the greatest
pathological change in the liver of walleye and yellow
perch. Zones of compressed and necrotic hepatocytes were
evident adjacent to live, unencapsulated plierocercoids . The
mesenteries of walleye were often fibrosed in response to
large numbers of invading plerocercoids. The
gastro-intestinal tract, posterior gonads and associated mesenteries were often compacted with fibrous tissue.
Obstruction of the passage of gametes is possible.
Constriction of the oviduct may result from the fibrous
reaction. Also, encapsulated plerocercoids were found in the
lumen of the oviduct creating a physical barrier. The wall
of capsules encompassing plerocercoids in walleye was
relatively thin (maximum of 90 microns) while in yellow
perch, it was up to 290 microns thick.


title: Development of nonlinear 3-D, and novel 2-D optical microscope imaging systems for time-lapse imaging

subject:
Chronophotography
Cancer Photochemotherapy Research
Confocal microscopy

abstract:
The design and development of a nonlinear two-photon, 3-D microscope imaging
system, software for manipulation of 2-D and 3-D images, and the operation of a novel 2-D
imaging system used for monitoring cultured live cell activity for many hours, is reported.
Included in the first portion of the thesis is the description of the final assembly of a
mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser producing 10 - 100 femtosecond pulses at high repetition rate.
Also described is the construction and computer automation of a laser microscope with digitally
controlled XY mirror laser beam scanning and with linear motor stage Z-stepping. This system
was later used to image GFP tagged cultured live cancer cells.
As a companion instrument and 2-D reference system for comparative time-lapse
imaging studies of cancer cells, a Nikon E400 fluorescence microscope and cooled CCD
detector were purchased and integrated. Central objectives of the live cell studies were (a) to
find a method of readily imaging untagged cells which can be cultured from needle biopsies
taken from patients, and (b) to develop a method for semi-quantitatively ascertaining live cell
vitality over time frames extending from minutes to hours. The short time scale is particularly
useful as it provides information that cannot be obtained from monitoring the cell division
process, which is measured in many hours. The ability to monitor cell viability is important
when monitoring the effects of external treatments such as radiation, intense light, chemicals, or
any combination of these.
The Nikon fluorescence microscope permitted automated collection of incubated,
untagged live cell image data for many hours time duration via a technique called ‘oblique
illumination microscopy’ (OIM), also referred to as ‘oblique incidence reflection imaging’.
Untagged cells are very difficult samples to see by means of commonly used imaging methods
such as transmitted, fluorescence, or epi-reflection illumination methods. The ability of OIM to
avoid the necessity of fluorescence tagging of the cell samples, its use of very low intensity
illumination and hence low optical toxicity, made it the central technique used for many of the
live cell time-lapse studies carried out in this work and presented as part of this thesis.


title: Synthetic studies on chaksine

subject: Chaksine.

abstract:
This thesis is concerned with the studies in the synthesis of a monoterpenoid alkaloid, chaksine.
Ethyl 2-n~butyl-4-bromoacetoacetate (11) was treated with sodium azide to give ethyl 2-n-butyl-4-azidoacetoacetate (12), Catalytic hydrogenation
of (12) in presence of hydrochloric acid followed by the reaction of the hydrogenation product (13) with potassium cyanate afforded 4-(1'-
carbethoxypenty1)-2-imidazolone (14) or 4-(1'-carboxypentyl)-
2-imidazolone (15) depending on reaction condition.
4-(1'-carbethoxymethyl)-2-imidazolone (25) was also prepared starting from ethyl 4-bromoacetoacetate (23a) following the same series of reaction
as described for the compound (14). Ethyl 2-[4'-methy1-5'-(2"-tetrahydropyranyloxy1)pentyl] acetoacetate (20) was prepared from the reaction of ethyl acetoacetate and 5-bromo-2-methyl-1-(2'-tetrahydropyranyloxyl)pentane (19). Removal of the 3,4-
dihydropyran protecting group from (20) yielded ethyl
2-(4'-methyl—5'-hydroxypentyl)acetoacetate (21). The
compound (21) was also prepared directly by the
reaction of ethylacetoacetate with 5-bromo-2-methyl-
pentanol (18), The compound (21) was then subjected
to bromination to give (22a) followed by the treatment
of (22a) with sodium azide to yield ethyl 2-(4'-methyl-5'-hydroxypentyl)-4-azidoacetoacetate (22b) .


title: Archetypal symbolism in William Faulkner's Light in August

subject: Faulkner, William, 1897-1962.

abstract:
The following paper is an investigation of the extent of the archetypal symbolism in one of William Faulkner's greatest novels, Light in August. It proceeds from a definition of archetypal symbolism combining major literary, psychological and philosophical points of view to an application of the definition to the novel in order to develop the theme of community. Joe Christmas is discussed as the god who is sacrificed for the rebirth of the spiritually starved community. He is Northrop Frye's pharmakos trying to escape a demonic world and find his proper destiny. The Reverend Gail Hightower is treated as a community member who achieves awareness of his failure to understand himself as part of the community in an apocalyptic vision following Christmas' sacrifice. In the last section, Lena Grove is seen in an innocent timeless world as an embodiment of the
values and possibilities for the endurance of mankind in community.


title: Infant feeding method and neonatal abstinence syndrome

subject:
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)
Opioids (utero exposure)
Breastfed vs formula fed (NAS outcomes)

abstract:
Background: Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a complex disorder, observed in infants
experiencing symptoms of withdrawal, as a result of in utero exposure to the maternal use of
opioids. Breastfeeding has been recognized as the optimal source of nutrition for infants. While
the advantages associated with breastfeeding are undisputed, the promotion of breastfeeding for
infants diagnosed with neonatal abstinence syndrome is inconsistent. There is evidence to
suggest that breastfeeding infants who have been exposed to opioids in utero may improve NAS
outcomes.
Aim: A systematic review was conducted to assess and critically appraise the existing literature
regarding the effect of infant feeding method among infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
(NAS) on neonatal outcomes.
Method: A systematic search of the literature of feeding methods among infants with NAS was
conducted using the electronic databases Pubmed, CINAHL, Nursing and Allied Health,
PyschINFO, Evidence Based Medicine, Web of Science, and Medline (EMBASE). Studies were
eligible for inclusion in the review if they fulfilled the following criteria: (1) reported original
data on outcomes related to infant feeding and NAS, (2) the study method included any type of
quantitative design that included an inpatient comparison group of breastfed and formula fed
infants with NAS, and (3) the articles were published in English in a peer reviewed journal. All
articles selected for inclusion were assessed for methodological quality by first and secondary
author using the JBI standardized critical appraisal checklist for cohort/case control studies and
the JBI standardized critical appraisal checklist for randomized controlled studies. The principal
author extracted the data from the full text studies and entered it into a data extraction template
developed for the systematic review. The secondary authors independently reviewed and compared the extracted data. The data was synthesized narratively due to the diverse study
samples and outcomes that were evaluated.
Results: The search identified 491 studies, of which 17 provided information related to NAS and
infant feeding method. Eight studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria after further
examination of the full-text studies. The majority of studies found that breastfeeding was
associated with a reduced need for pharmacologic treatment and a decrease in the duration of
pharmacotherapy when compared to formula-fed or combination-fed infants. Breastfeeding,
when compared to formula-feeding, was also consistently associated with a shorter
hospitalization and a reduced severity of NAS, including lower Finnegan scores. Studies also
identified a later time to withdrawal and a delayed onset of NAS associated with breastfed
infants when compared to formula-fed infants.
Conclusions and Relevance: The studies consistently identified a trend towards improved NAS
outcomes for infants who were breastfed when compared to formula or combination-fed. These
findings provide evidence for breastfeeding as an effective non-pharmacologic treatment for
NAS. Breastfeeding among stabilized mothers on Opioid Maintenance Therapy (OMT) should
be recommended as a non-pharmacologic approach to improving NAS outcomes.