title: Composites of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes With Polypropylene and Thermoplastic Olefin Blends Prepared by Melt Compounding

contributor:
Kontopoulou, Marianna
Docoslis, Aristides
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Nanocomposites
Blends
Polypropylene
Carbon nanotubes

abstract: Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 13:22:24.499

abstract:
Composites of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polypropylene (PP) and thermoplastic olefins (TPOs) were prepared by melt compounding. Two non-covalent functionalization methods were employed to improve nanotube dispersion and the resulting composite properties are reported.
	The first functionalization approach involved partial coating of the surface of the nanotubes with a hyperbranched polyethylene (HBPE). MWCNT functionalization with HBPE was only moderately successful in breaking up the large aggregates that formed upon melt mixing with PP. In spite of the formation of large aggregates, the samples were conductive above a percolation threshold of 7.3 wt%. MWCNT functionalization did not disrupt the electrical conductivity of the nanotubes. The composite strength was improved with addition of nanotubes, but ductility was severely compromised because of the existence of aggregates.
	The second method involved PP matrix functionalization with aromatic moieties capable of π-π interaction with MWCNT sidewalls. Various microscopy techniques revealed the addition of only 25 wt% of PP-g-pyridine (Py) to the neat PP was capable of drastically reducing nanotube aggregate size and amount. Raman spectroscopy confirmed improved polymer/nanotube interaction with the PP-g-Py matrix. Electrical percolation threshold was obtained at a MWCNT loading of approximately 1.2 wt%. Electrical conductivity on the order of 10-2 S/m was achieved, suggesting possible use in semi-conducting applications. Composite strength was improved upon addition of MWCNTs. The matrix functionalization with Py resulted in a significant improvement in composite ductility when filled with MWCNTs in comparison to its maleic anhydride (MA) counterpart. Preliminary investigations suggest that the use of alternating current (AC) electric fields may be effective in aligning nanotubes in PP to reduce the filler loading required for electrical percolation.
	Composites containing MWCNT within PP/ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) blends were prepared. Microscopy revealed that MWCNTs localized preferentially in the EOC phase. This was explained by the tendency of the system to minimize interfacial energy when the MWCNTs reside in the thermodynamically preferential phase. A kinetic approach, which involved pre-mixing the MWCNTs with PP and adding the EOC phase subsequently was attempted to monitor the migration of MWCNTs. MWCNTs began to migrate after two minutes of melt mixing with the EOC. The PP-g-Py matrix functionalization appears to slightly delay the migration. A reduction in electrical percolation threshold to 0.5 wt% MWCNTs was achieved with a co-continuous blend morphology, consisting of a 50/50 by weight ratio of PP and EOC.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Strength Requirements and Energy Efficiency of Different Stair-Stepping Strategies in Persons With Chronic Stroke and Healthy Adults

contributor:
Brouwer, Brenda
Rehabilitation Science

rights: This publication is made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws without written authority from the copyright owner.

subject: Mobility Biomechanics Stairs Cardiovascular Energy Stroke

abstract: Thesis (Master, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 13:42:08.209

abstract:
The majority of stroke survivors return to living in the community; however, muscle weakness and cardiovascular deconditioning can restrict mobility, limit community access and independence, particularly when challenging activities like stair negotiation are involved. A “step-by-step” (SBS) strategy (both feet per step) may be adopted in lieu of a “step-over-step” (SOS) method (one foot per step) to increase stability and off-load the paretic limb though the physical demands of the two methods are unknown. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the strength and energy demands of the two stair-stepping strategies in chronic stroke compared to healthy adults. The first study identified the relative strength and aerobic demands of both strategies. The results showed that the stroke group produced similar peak joint moments compared to controls, despite their slower cadence suggesting that the stroke group exerts comparable ‘effort’ to move more slowly. The SBS method was associated with lower strength costs (relative to individuals’ maximum strength output) than SOS, however aerobic cost was significantly higher. The second study identified the mechanical energy expenditures (MEEs) and transfers related to both strategies. The MEEs were found to be lower when the SBS strategy was used. Though expenditures were similar between groups, the stroke group had higher expenditures associated with the work of the less affected knee extensors (lead limb) during ascent and descent and controls exhibited higher expenditures for the plantarflexors during ascent. The reduced output of the trail (affected) limb plantarflexors likely resulted in the increased workload of the knee extensors. Overall, the aerobic cost per step was higher in stroke, particularly during descent, suggesting that in addition to reducing cadence, persons with stroke may be co-contracting to increase stabilization during descent, thus increasing oxygen demands.
This thesis provides novel information on the physical demands associated with two methods of stair negotiation demonstrating that the SBS strategy might be better suited to persons with chronic stroke by minimizing the strength demands on the paretic side, but the benefit comes at an elevated aerobic cost. This information is valuable to rehabilitation professionals engaged in retraining mobility to facilitate community reintegration.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Control of a Single-Phase Grid-Connected Voltage Source Inverter with LCL Filter

contributor:
Bakhshai, Alireza
Jain, Praveen K.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Renewable Energy
Power Electronics

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 13:47:56.337

abstract:
This thesis presents new control approaches for improving the performance, stability, and efficiency of a single-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter (VSI) with an LCL filter that is used in renewable energy power conditioning applications. There are two main controllers that need to be designed: an external DC-bus voltage controller to balance the power flow coming into the VSI, and an internal current controller to control the current injected by the VSI into the utility grid. This thesis aims to find well-tailored control approaches for the aforementioned control loops.
First, the stability and behavioral characteristics of the open-loop VSI with an LCL filter are explored using a Poincaré map, and the open-loop system is found to have marginal stability. A current control method is proposed, called composite nonlinear feedback (CNF), which offers significantly improved overall performance compared to the state-of-the-art proportional resonant (PR) controller with state feedback.
To reduce the overall number of sensors in the system, two different observers are implemented to estimate the VSI state variables: (1) the Luenberger observer (LO), and (2) the sliding mode observer (SMO).
To balance the system power flow, a new DC-bus voltage droop control method is proposed, that provides fast performance during transients. This control approach includes a novel discrete DC-bus voltage sensing technique, which effectively removes the double frequency ripple from the DC-bus voltage signal and prevents it from propagating into the current control loop. A variant on the DC-bus voltage droop control method, called adaptive droop control is proposed, which adaptively changes the droop gains in order to regulate the DC-bus voltage to a constant value. Finally, another variant on the DC-bus voltage droop control method is proposed, called optimized adaptive droop control, which adaptively changes the gains of the controller in order to minimize the overall system power losses.
A stability analysis is conducted using the singular perturbation control theory, which allows a nonlinear dynamical system to be broken down into subsystems with different time scales. The results of the stability analysis confirm that the proposed closed-loop grid-connected VSI with an LCL filter is locally stable.

abstract: For the purposes of patent applications.

abstract: PhD


title: Analysis and Visualization of Exact Solutions to Einstein's Field Equations

subject: General Relativity

subject: Spacetime Visualization

subject: Spacetime Analysis

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 14:02:55.865

abstract: Einstein's field equations are extremely difficult to solve, and when solved, the solutions are even harder to understand. In this thesis, two analysis tools are developed to explore and visualize the curvature of spacetimes. The first tool is based on a thorough examination of observer independent curvature invariants constructed from different contractions of the Riemann curvature tensor. These invariants are analyzed through their gradient fields, and attention is given to the resulting flow and critical points. Furthermore, we propose a Newtonian analog to some general relativistic invariants based on the underlying physical meaning of these invariants, where they represent the cumulative tidal and frame-dragging effects of the spacetime. This provides us with a novel and intuitive tool to compare Newtonian gravitational fields to exact solutions of Einstein's field equations on equal footing. We analyze the obscure Curzon-Chazy solution using the new approach, and reveal rich structure that resembles the Newtonian gravitational field of a non-rotating ring, as it has been suspected for decades. Next, we examine the important Kerr solution, which describes the gravitational field of rotating black holes. We discover that the observable part of the geometry outside the black hole's event horizon depends significantly on its angular momentum. The fields representing the cumulative tidal and frame-dragging forces change qualitatively at seven specific values of the dimensionless spin parameter of the black hole. The second tool we develop in this thesis is the accurate construction of the Penrose conformal diagrams. These diagrams are a valuable tool to explore the causal structure of spacetimes, where the entire spacetime is compactified to a finite size, and the coordinate choice is fixed such that light rays are straight lines on the diagram. However, for most spacetimes these diagrams can only be constructed as a qualitative guess, since their null geodesics cannot be solved.  We developed an algorithm to construct very accurate Penrose diagrams based on numeric solutions to the null geodesics, and applied it to the McVittie metric. These diagrams confirmed the long held suspicion that this spacetime does indeed describe a black hole embedded in an isotropic universe.

abstract: PhD


title: Evaluating the Accuracy of Finite Element Models at Reduced Length Scales

contributor:
Daymond, Mark R.
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
Materials Science
Digital Image Correlation
Nano-Scale Inclusions
FE modeling

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 16:05:52.934

abstract: Finite element models are used frequently in both engineering and scientific research. While they can provide useful information as to the performance of materials, as length scales are decreased more sophisticated model descriptions are required. It is also important to develop methods by which existing models may be verified against experimental findings. The present study evaluates the ability of various finite element models to predict materials behaviour at length scales ranging from several microns to tens of nanometers. Considering this motivation, this thesis is provided in manuscript form with the bulk of material coming from two case studies. Following an overview of relevant literature in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 considers the nucleation of delta-zirconium hydrides in a Zircaloy-2 matrix. Zirconium hydrides are an important topic in the nuclear industry as they form a brittle phase which leads to delayed hydride cracking during reactor start-up and shut-down. Several FE models are used to compare present results with literature findings and illustrate the weaknesses of standard FE approaches. It is shown that standard continuum techniques do not sufficiently capture the interfacial effects of an inclusion-matrix system. By using nano-scale material descriptions, nucleation lattice strains are obtained which are in good agreement with previous experimental studies. The motivation for Chapter 4 stems from a recognized need to develop a method for modeling corrosion behaviour of materials. Corrosion is also an issue for reactor design and an ability to predict failure points is needed. Finite element models could be used for this purpose, provided model accuracy is verified first. In Chapter 4 a technique is developed which facilitates the extraction of sub-micron resolution strain data from correlation images obtained during in-situ tensile deformation. By comparing image correlation results with a crystal plasticity finite element code it is found that good agreement between the two exists. The method outlined is material independent and could be applied to most metallurgical studies. Chapter 5 reviews the findings of each case study and makes suggestions as to the direction of future research.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


contributor:
Cox, Wayne S.
Political Studies

subject:
Military Contracting
Neoliberalism

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 14:31:32.216

abstract: American Military Contractors and the Neoliberal Way of War explores the historical patterns of modern military contracting and its place in the political economy of American war. During the post-September 11 wars, contractors have played a prominent role, comprising over half the US total force. While the participation of contractors in major US contingency operations is not new, the scale and scope of contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan is without precedent. The study emerges from a puzzling historical development: during the Vietnam War, contractors constituted about 10 percent of the US footprint. In Iraq and Afghanistan, the figure climbs to 53 percent. What accounts for this change? The answer turns on one ideational and one institutional condition. Institutionally, the transition began with the US military’s shift from a mixed volunteer and draftee force to the All-Volunteer Force in 1973. Doing so removed personnel procurement from a statist framework through the introduction of the logic of the labour market. This institutional change was a necessary precondition for the gradual incursion of neoliberal market logic into military personnel policy. A series of reforms in subsequent decades initiated path dependent processes of military neoliberalization that eventually yielded the troop-contractor ratios of the post-September 11 wars. The dissertation develops a theoretical framework drawn from traditions in critical International Political Economy that conceptualizes five decades of uneven neoliberalization in the Department of Defense. Empirically, it undertakes a comparative study of US contracting practices during the Vietnam and post-September 11 wars, tracing gradual institutional change in the Department of Defense from the 1970s to the present.

abstract: Personal preference.

abstract: PhD


title: Self-Perception of Competencies in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders

contributor:
Kelley, Elizabeth
Psychology

subject:
ADHD
self-perceptions
cognitive function
autism

abstract: Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 15:24:30.91

abstract:
The current set of studies adds to the growing body of literature of self-perceptions in atypical populations. Previous research has demonstrated that, despite significant functional problems in multiple domains, children with ADHD unexpectedly provide overly-positive reports of their own competence in comparison to actual performance on objective measures. Study 1 empirically examined the self-perceptions of adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using performance on individual, specific, concrete tasks as the basis for participants’ ratings of competence. Participants completed a verbal and mathematic task and were asked how well they thought they did prior to completing the tasks (pre-prediction rating). After they completed each task they were asked how well they thought they did (current post-performance) and how well they thought they would do in the future (future post-performance). For the purpose of the study, self-perceptions can be described as the difference between perceived performance and actual performance. These difference scores were used in analyses.  Results suggested that adolescents with ADHD tend to have more positively-biased self-perceptions than typically developing (TD) adolescents. The current study also examined the role that IQ and executive functioning have on self-perceptions; however, no significant relationships were found.
Using the same methodology, Study 2 examined the self-perceptions of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). By examining a population with similar cognitive deficits as individuals with ADHD, the current study aimed to determine whether these positively-biased self-perceptions are specific to ADHD or if it is a phenomenon related to more general difficulties or dysfunction. Results suggested that adolescents with ASD also tended to have more positively-biased self-perceptions than TD adolescents. In adolescents with ASD, lower IQ and greater executive functioning deficits tended to be related to more positively-biased self-perceptions. Limitations of this research are discussed. Future investigation is needed to systematically examine other possible mechanisms that may be contributing to these biased self-perceptions.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks

contributor:
Pharoah, Jon G.
Beale, Steven B.
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
Electrochemistry
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Current Density
Utilization
Species Transport
Voltage
Flow Distribution
Heat Transport
Momentum
Convection
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Diffusion
Pressure
Thermal Management
Sherwood Number
Nusselt Number
Manifold
Friction Factor
Nernst
Fuel Cell Stack
Headers
Electrochemical Performance
OpenFOAM
Numerical Modelling

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 15:55:18.627

abstract: Two computational fluid dynamics models are developed to predict the performance of a solid oxide fuel cell stack, a detailed and a simplified model. In the detailed model, the three dimensional momentum, heat, and species transport equations are coupled with electrochemistry. In the simplified model, the diffusion terms in the transport equations are selectively replaced by rate terms within the core region of the stack. This allows much coarser meshes to be employed at a fraction of the computational cost.  Following the mathematical description of the problem, results for single-cell and multi-cell stacks are presented. Comparisons of local current density, temperature, and cell voltage indicate that good agreement is obtained between the detailed and simplified models, verifying the latter as a practical option in stack design. Then, the simplified model is used to determine the effects of utilization on the electrochemical performance and temperature distributions of a 10 cell stack. The results are presented in terms of fluid flow, pressure, species mass fraction, temperature, voltage and current density distributions. The effects of species and flow distributions on electrochemical performance and temperature are then analyzed for a 100 cell stack. The discussion highlights the importance of manifold design on performance and thermal management of large stacks.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: The Development of a Coupled Physics and Kinetics Model to Computationally Predict the Powder to Power Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Microstructures

subject:
MicroFOAM
Triple phase boundary length
Powder to Power
Sample size
Microstructure discretization
3D microstructure model
Current Generation
Anode
Coupled physics and kinetics model
OpenFOAM
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-01 09:41:47.617

abstract:
A numerical model was developed to evaluate the performance of detailed solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode microstructures obtained from experimental reconstruction techniques or generated from synthetic computational techniques. The model is also capable of identifying the linear triple phase boundary (TPB) reaction sites and evaluating the effective transport within the detailed structures, allowing a comparison between the structural properties and performance to be conducted. To simulate the cell performance, a novel numerical coupling technique was developed in OpenFOAM and validated. The computational grid type and mesh properties were also evaluated to establish appropriate mesh resolutions to employ when studying the performance. The performance of a baseline synthetic electrode structure was evaluated using the model and under the applied conditions it was observed that the ionic potential had the largest influence over the performance.

The model was used in conjunction with a computational synthetic electrode manufacturing algorithm to conduct a numerical powder to power parametric study investigating the effects of the manufacturing properties on the performance. An improvement in the overall performance was observed in structures which maximized the number of reaction sites and had well established transport networks in the ion phase. From the manufacturing parameters studied a performance increase was observed in structures with low porosity and ionic solid volume fractions near the percolation threshold, and when the anodes were manufactured from small monosized particles or binary mixtures comprising of smaller oxygen ion conductive particles. Insight into the anode thickness was also provided and it was observed that the current distribution within the anode was a function of the applied overpotential and an increase in the overpotential resulted in the majority of the current production to increase and shift closer to the electrode-electrolyte interface.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: On Cross-Layer Design of Distributed MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Compliant Wireless Ad hoc Networks

contributor:
Kim, Il-Min
Hassanein, Hossam S.
Safwat, Ahmed
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO)
Hybrid Carrier Sense (HCS)
Medium Access Control (MAC)
IEEE 802.11

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-15 21:46:15.983

abstract: IEEE 802.11n Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) employ Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO), which significantly boosts the raw data rate at the Physical layer (PHY). But the potential of enhancing Medium Access Control (MAC) layer efficiencies by MIMO is still in its early stage and is the aim of the research in this thesis. Many existing works in this field mainly employ distributed MIMO spatial multiplexing/Multi-User Detection (MUD) technique and stream sharing to enable multiple simultaneous transmissions. Most works require synchronization among multiple transmissions, split the channel, and aim for single-hop networks. In this thesis, a novel Hybrid Carrier Sense (HCS) framework is proposed, mainly at the MAC layer to exploit the power of MIMO. HCS senses the channel availability jointly by the virtual carrier sense and physical carrier sense. HCS does not require synchronization among nodes; each node independently and locally determines when to start its transmission. HCS not only shares the channel, but also exploits the bi-directional handshakes of the wireless transmissions and increases the number of simultaneous stream transmissions. For a network with M antennas in each node, HCS can accommodate 2x(M-1) streams instead of M streams achieved by all other existing works. Moreover, HCS is aimed for multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks, in which the hidden terminal, exposed terminal, and deafness problems greatly degrade network performance. The HCS framework incorporates solutions to these problems. HCS is implemented in an NS2 network simulator and the performance evaluation shows that HCS significantly outperforms MIMO-enabled IEEE 802.11 (in which MIMO is only used for enhancing the raw data rate in the physical layer), resulting in higher aggregate throughput, packet delivery ratio and fairness in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks. The HCS framework will be in wide use in the future generation of wireless networks and opens up more research possibilities. Some ideas in the HCS framework can be applied not only for MIMO, but also for many other techniques surveyed in this thesis; or we may combine them with HCS to further boost the network performance.

abstract: PhD


title: Acceptability of the human papillomavirus vaccine among rural and urban women in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

contributor:
Aronson, Kristan J.
Carpenter, Jennifer
Community Health and Epidemiology

subject:
Tanzania
Africa
vaccination
acceptability
human papillomavirus
HPV

abstract: Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-15 21:01:17.426

abstract:
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a global disease with a disproportionate burden among low- and middle-income countries. In Tanzania, cervical cancer is the most common female cancer and a prophylactic vaccine offering protection against four human papillomavirus (HPV) strains is a promising prevention method. The targeted age and sex, as well as the sexually transmitted nature and novelty of the vaccine, support the need for formative research on the knowledge, attitudes, and barriers toward vaccination.
OBJECTIVES: The first objective of this thesis was to systematically review studies of HPV vaccine acceptability among African countries. The second and third objectives were to describe and determine the socio-demographic factors and HPV-related knowledge and attitudes associated with HPV vaccination and to identify the barriers to vaccination among a population-based sample of rural and urban women in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania.

METHODS: The literature was systematically reviewed by searching electronic databases, and a data abstraction form structured by the Health Belief Model was used to collect data and synthesize findings. For objectives 2 and 3, a cross-sectional study was conducted among rural (n=303) and urban (n=272) women aged 18-55. Differences in socio-demographic factors, knowledge, attitudes, and barriers were compared between groups, and multivariable models were used to identify associations among rural and urban women separately.

RESULTS: Reviewed literature suggested that HPV vaccine-related knowledge was low, however predicted acceptance of the vaccine was high. Research on this topic was largely composed of cross-sectional studies in urban areas. Among rural women in the Kilimanjaro Region, independent associations with acceptance included variables related to cost, knowledge, access, and educational attainment. Among urban women, independent associations were related to social networks/norms and educational attainment. The most frequent perceived barriers to vaccination were cost, side effects, and safety.

CONCLUSION: Educational programs on the HPV vaccine and cervical cancer are needed in Tanzania and in other areas of Africa. This research suggests that vaccine campaigns in the Kilimanjaro Region should focus on emphasizing financial and physical accessibility, peer acceptance, and safety, in addition to highlighting endorsement of the vaccine by healthcare providers and the government.

abstract: We would like to restrict access to this thesis until the work has been published.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: On the Convergence and Applications of Mean Shift Type Algorithms

contributor:
Linder, Tamás
Takahara, Glen
Mathematics and Statistics

subject: Subspace constrained mean shift algorithm

subject: Noisy source vector quantization

subject: Dimensionality reduction

subject: Principal curve

subject: Unsupervised learning

subject: Convergence

subject: Principal surface

subject: Mean shift algorithm

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 18:01:12.959

abstract: Mean shift (MS) and subspace constrained mean shift (SCMS) algorithms are non-parametric, iterative methods to find a representation of a high dimensional data set on a  principal curve or surface embedded in a high dimensional space. The representation of high dimensional data on a principal curve or surface, the class of mean shift type algorithms and their properties, and applications of these algorithms are the main focus of this dissertation. Although MS and SCMS algorithms have been used in many applications, a rigorous study of their convergence is still missing. This dissertation aims to fill some of the gaps between theory and practice by investigating some convergence properties of these algorithms. In particular, we propose a sufficient condition for a kernel density estimate with a Gaussian kernel to have isolated stationary points to guarantee the convergence of the MS algorithm. We also show that the SCMS algorithm inherits some of the important convergence properties of the MS algorithm. In particular, the monotonicity and  convergence of the density estimate values along the sequence of output values of the algorithm are shown. We also show  that the distance between consecutive points of the output sequence converges to zero, as does the projection of the gradient vector onto the subspace spanned by the D-d eigenvectors corresponding to the D-d largest eigenvalues of the local inverse covariance matrix. Furthermore, three new variations of the SCMS algorithm are proposed and the running times and performance of the resulting algorithms are  compared with original SCMS algorithm. We also propose an adaptive version of the SCMS algorithm to consider the effect of new incoming samples without running the algorithm on the whole data set. As well, we develop some new potential applications of the MS and SCMS algorithm. These applications involve finding straight lines in digital images; pre-processing data before applying locally linear embedding (LLE) and ISOMAP for dimensionality reduction; noisy source vector quantization where the clean data need to be estimated before the quanization step; improving the performance of kernel regression in certain situations; and skeletonization of digitally stored handwritten characters.

abstract: PhD


title: Reducing Haul Truck Fuel Consumption in Open Pit Mines by Strategic Changes to the Haulage Cycle

contributor:
Marshall, Joshua A.
Mining Engineering

subject:
Fuel Consumption
Haulage Cycle

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mining Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 19:22:29.328

abstract:
The goals of minimizing emissions and lowering operating costs by monitoring and controlling fuel efficiency have been a growing concern in the mining and construction industries. The largest single contributor of energy consumption in an open pit mining operation is haul trucks. At Goldstrike Mine, haul trucks accounted for approximately 67% of fuel used in 2010. By examining haul trucks in their operating environment, strategic changes in critical parts of the truck cycles can result in fuel savings. This project was a subproject of the Mine Traffic Optimization (MTO) project and is funded by MITACS and Barrick Gold Corporation. One objective of the MTO project was to examine how mine traffic affects fuel efficiency.

Certain components of the haulage profile result in inefficient use of fuel, which results in increased operating costs and a larger environmental footprint. Monitoring the trucks in real time allows for the examination of various ways to modify truck’s behaviours in order to improve fuel efficiency. One critical component of the haulage cycle is intersections. An analysis was performed to gain a better understanding of efficient intersection layouts and travel speeds. Cycle time analysis was conducted to ensure that alterations to the haulage cycle would result in minimal impact to the overall productivity of the mine. Modifications to operating practices and simple coding changes to the dispatching program suggest possibilities for potential fuel savings, reduced mechanical degradation, and improved operation efficiency.

abstract: Need verification from Joshua Marshall, on behalf of Barrick Gold Corporation, as permission to publish this thesis.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Effect of Process Parameters on Deformation of Zr-2.5wt%Nb Alloy

subject:
Twinning
Deformation
Nuclear
Interstitials
Zirconium
Lattice strain
Diffraction

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-11 20:06:57.655

abstract: Zirconium and its alloys are used extensively in the nuclear industry. In the Canadian Deuterium Uranium reactor, the primary containment in the primary coolant system is composed of Zr-2.5wt%Nb in the form of a pressure tube. The permissible chemical composition of Zr-2.5wt%Nb for use in the pressure tube in nuclear reactors is dictated by ASTMB353. Oxygen and iron are the highest content controlled elements in the standard alloy, after zirconium and niobium. Oxygen is an alpha-stabilizer, and diffuses preferentially to the alpha phase, leading to a well established increase in the yield strength of the alpha phase. Iron is a beta-stabilizer, and is concentrated in the beta phase, as well as near alpha-beta grain boundaries. While the mechanical properties of standard Zr-2.5wt%Nb alloy are well understood, there is a dearth of knowledge on the individual effect of these alloying additions, especially at non-standard concentrations. Additionally, the experimental evidence that does exist does not directly take into account the two-phase nature of the alloy, or the effect of impurities on specific deformation modes. Notably absent is experimental evidence on the effect of interstitial impurities on twinning in the hexagonal close-packed alpha phase. This work seeks to complement the present understanding of these phenomena.  Mechanical tests have been performed on three specially prepared Zr-2.5wt%Nb alloys to clarify the contributions of oxygen and iron to Zr-2.5wt%Nb deformation properties. Traditional mechanical measurements were complemented by in situ and ex situ diffraction measurements. Tests were performed at a range of temperatures (77K - 673K) and strain rates (quasi-static to 10^-2/s). Increasing oxygen content from 1176wppm to 3300wppm increases the macroscopic yield stress at room temperature, and results in a transition in work hardening behaviour at low strain rates. Increasing iron content from 547wppm to 1080wppm has no effect on the macroscopic yield stress, but increases the work hardening rate at room temperature.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: A Study of the Neutral Hydrogen Content of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies

subject: Galaxy Astronomy Neutral Hydrogen Galactic Dwarf Astrophysics

abstract: Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 20:21:20.045

abstract:
The results of a study of the neutral hydrogen (HI) content and distribution within a sample of 18 blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs) are presented.  An investigation of the behaviour of the gas-to-dust ratio (GDR) as a function of metallicity (Z) is also presented.  Observations of these BCDs was performed using the Very Large Array (VLA) in 2009, a year in which the array was undergoing a technological upgrade to the the Karl G. Jansky VLA (JVLA).  The observations were reduced and images processed using the Astronomical Image Processing Software (AIPS), and data cubes for each galaxy were produced.

The results include detections of eleven HI lines (two new detections) and ten background continuum sources (two new discoveries).  All detections are at a higher resolution and/or sensitivity than previous measurements.  These detections spanned a large range of line widths and HI masses; some masses comparable to those in normal galaxies.

Of particular interest was the discovery of a compact absorption feature in the dwarf galaxy Haro 11.  A paper submitted to the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) Letters on this discovery is presented.  Another significant result was the discovery of a highly extended and massive HI region in the dwarf galaxy CGCG 297-017.

For those galaxies with no detected HI line or radio continuum, an upper limit to the flux density was computed, which was used to derive upper limits to the HI mass or star-formation rate (SFR) respectively.  Three HI flux density upper limits are new results, and seven continuum flux density upper limits are also new.

The GDR-Z relation at low metallicities shows a potential power law or broken power law relation with a turning point at Z=7.96 or Z=8.05.  To within error, these turning points and power law indices of the broken power law fits are consistent with other work.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Clinical and Experimental Evidence for the Pathological Mechanisms Underlying Aspects of Sexual Dysfunction: Impact of Adiposity and Chronic Kidney Disease

contributor:
Adams, Michael A.
Pharmacology and Toxicology

subject:
Internal Pudendal Artery
Cardiovascular Disease
Female Sexual Dysfunction
Obesity
Vascular Calcification
Visceral Adipose Tissue
Chronic Kidney Disease
Endothelial Function
Caloric Restriction
Exercise
Vascular Remodeling
Erectile Dysfunction

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Pharmacology & Toxicology) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 22:33:20.436

abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and erectile dysfunction (ED) have common etiologies, such as increased adiposity and chronic diseases. Incident ED is known to be a sentinel of CVD, providing a unique opportunity for early lifestyle interventions to attenuate the progression of disease. The internal pudendal artery (IPA) plays an important role in controlling resistance to penile blood flow and thereby erections. Although morphological and functional disturbances in the IPA have been associated with ED, few studies have characterized changes in the IPA as it relates to increased adiposity and chronic diseases (e.g., chronic kidney disease [CKD]). Finally, although both vascular calcification and ED have been shown to be prevalent in patients with CKD, there has yet to be an assessment of associated mechanisms.
	The effect of lifestyle modifications on erectile function was evaluated in both experimental and clinical settings. Specifically, the studies assessed the effect of caloric restriction (CR) in rats and of chronic exercise in sedentary, overweight or obese male and female subjects. In rats, structural and functional changes of the IPA and erectile responses were characterized in relation to increasing adiposity and to CKD. Experimentally, the susceptibility of various vascular beds to calcification in CKD was determined. Clinically, erectile and female sexual function was assessed in patients with Stage 3 to 5 CKD, who had no history of CVD.
	 In rats, CR blunted the accumulation of abdominal adiposity, and attenuated progression of both endothelial dysfunction and ED, independently of morphological changes in the IPA. Rats with CKD had an increased frequency of ED, greater endothelial dysfunction, and altered vascular morphology, yet vascular calcification per se did not account for ED.
	In the clinical study, sedentary and overweight or obese males with ED, but not females, had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Chronic exercise significantly improved ED and female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Clinically, CKD was associated with ED and FSD as well as increased coronary artery calcification and endothelial dysfunction.
	These findings support the concept that early detection of cardiovascular abnormalities, using incident ED as a sentinel, should facilitate early interventions in otherwise asymptomatic populations.

abstract: PhD


title: On the influence of the cosmological constant on trajectories of light and associated measurements

subject:
gravity
cosmological constant
bending of light
cosmology

abstract: Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 21:18:26.762

abstract: In this thesis we review and build on the common methods used to analyze null geodesics in Schwarzschild de Sitter space. We present a general technique which allows ﬁnding measurable intersection angles of null trajectories analytically, and as one of its applications we establish a general relativistic aberration relationship. The tools presented are used to analyze some standard setups of gravitational deﬂection of light and gain a clear understanding of the role that the cosmological constant, Λ, plays in gravitational lensing phenomena. Through reviewing some recent papers on the topic with the present results in mind, we attempt to explain the major sources of disagreement in the ongoing debate on the subject, which started with Rindler and Ishak’s original paper, regarding the inﬂuence of Λ on lensing phenomena. To avoid ambiguities and room for misunderstanding we present clear deﬁnitions of the quantities used in the present analysis as well as in other papers we discuss.

abstract: It includes new results that we wish to publish in a journal.  We are afraid they may be stolen if made publicly available.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: MR Image Overlay: an Augmented Reality System for Needle Guidance

contributor:
Fichtinger, Gabor
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
Augmented Reality
Surgical Training
MRI-Guided Needle Interventions

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 22:21:51.469

abstract:
MRI-guided percutaneous needle-based surgery has become part of routine clinical practice. There are millions of these procedures performed in Canada. The conventional MRI-guided needle intervention is usually performed with the primary goal of navigating a needle to a target while sparing healthy and/or critical structures. Potential limitations of conventional unassisted free-hand needle placement include the physician's ability to align and maintain the correct trajectory and angle toward a target, especially in case of deep targets. In contemporary practice, images are displayed on the operator's 2D console only outside the treatment room, where the physician plans the intervention. Then the physician enters the room, mentally registers the images with the anatomy of the actual patient, and uses hand-eye coordination to execute the planned intervention. Previous concept has been shown and preliminary results discussed from demonstrated MRI-guided needle intervention using an augmented reality 2D image overlay system in a closed configuration 1.5T MRI scanner. However, the limited availability of interventional MR imaging systems and the length of time of MR-guided interventions have been limiting factors in the past.
This dissertation addresses topics related to evaluating and developing the 2D augmented reality system, the assistance device for MRI-guided needle interventions. This research effort has primarily focused on developing a new adjustable 2D MR image overlay system and validating the previous 2D image overlay system in the clinical environment. The adjustable system requirement is to overcome the oblique insertions, difficulties inherent to MR-guided procedures, and to promise safe and reliable needle placement inside closed high-field MRI scanners. This thesis describes development of the image overlay system including requirements, mechanism design and evaluation of MR compatibility. Additionally, a standalone realization of an MR image overlay system, named “The Perk Station” was developed, implemented and evaluated. The system was deployed in the laboratory as a training/teaching tool with non-bio-hazardous specimens. This laboratory version of the system allows for evaluation of trial interventions. The system also supports recording of the complete intervention trajectory for operator performance, technical efficacy, and accuracy studies of insertion techniques.

abstract: PhD


title: Distributed Data Storage System for Data Survivability in Wireless Sensor Networks

contributor:
Hassanein, Hossam S.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Wireless Sensor Network
Data Survivability
Fountain Codes
Distributed Storage
Rateless Codes
Decentralized Erasure Codes
Network Coding
Erasure Codes

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 22:43:04.509

abstract:
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that use tiny wireless devices capable of communicating, processing, and sensing promise to have applications in virtually all fields. Smart homes and smart cities are just few of the examples that WSNs can enable. Despite their potential, WSNs suffer from reliability and energy limitations.

In this study, we address the problem of designing Distributed Data Storage Systems (DDSSs) for WSNs using decentralized erasure codes. A unique aspect of WSNs is that their data is inherently decentralized. This calls for a decentralized mechanism for encoding and decoding. We propose a distributed data storage framework to increase data survivability in WSNs. The framework utilizes Decentralized Erasure Codes for Data Survivability (DEC-DS) which allow for determining the amount of redundancy required in both hardware and data to allow sensed data to survive failures in the network.

To address the energy limitations, we show two approaches to implement the proposed solution in an energy efficient manner. The two approaches employ Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) to exploit coding opportunities in order to save energy and in turn prolong network life. A routing based scheme, called DEC Encode-and-Forward (DEC-EaF), applies to networks with routing capability, while the second, DEC Encode-and-Disseminate (DEC-EaD), uses a variation of random walk to build the target code in a decentralized fashion. We also introduce a new decentralized approach to implement Luby Transform (LT)-Codes based DDSSs. The scheme is called Decentralized Robust Soliton Storage (DRSS) and it operates in a decentralized fashion and requires no coordination between sensor nodes.

The schemes are tested through extensive simulations to evaluate their performance. We also compare the proposed schemes to similar schemes in the literature. The comparison considers energy efficiency as well as coding related aspects. Using the proposed schemes can greatly improve the reliability of WSNs especially under harsh working conditions.

abstract: PhD


title: Putative Cord Blood Predictors of Atopy

contributor:
Ellis, Anne K.
Microbiology and Immunology

subject:
Umbilical Cord Blood
Putative Biomarkers
Atopy

abstract: Thesis (Master, Microbiology & Immunology) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 22:46:35.072

abstract:
It has been proposed that the in utero environment along with the genetic susceptibility for atopy might influence the risk of allergic disorders in infants. Two key features that are most related with allergic disease are eosinophilia and a heightened T helper cell 2 (Th2) cytokine profile. The differentiation and accumulation of eosinophils and their progenitors are associated with the pathogenesis of these disorders. Eosinophils arise from CD34+ progenitors in the bone marrow and peripheral tissues. Two important molecules related to eosinophilopoiesis are GATA1 and major basic protein (MBP). GATA1 is an essential eosinophil transcription factor and MBP is a cataionic protein found in the granule of mature eosinophils. MBP is coded by the PRG2 gene. The time course of eosinophilopoiesis upon IL-5 stimulation in umbilical cord blood CD34+ progenitor cells from infants with and without risk of atopy has not yet been adequately examined. Additionally, knowledge of the potential differences in cytokine profiles during eosinophilopoiesis between children at high and low atopic risk is lacking.  This thesis studied cord blood non-adherent mononuclear cells (NAMNCs) as surrogates of the CD34+ progenitor population in order to examine various predictive biomarkers of future allergic disease. First, differences in gene expression patterns of GATA1 and PRG2 during IL-5 induced eosinophilopoiesis were established. In addition, cell population changes were determined. Specifically, the percentage of CD34+, IL-5Rα+, CD4+ and CCR3+ cells were measured through flow cytometry in NAMNCs following IL-5 stimulation for 72 hours. Finally, cytokine profiles of the NAMNC supernatants were determined.  This study found no significant differences in the patterns of gene expression of GATA1 and PRG2 as well as cell population changes in NAMNCs from infants born to atopic versus non atopic mothers. Levels of IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-7,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,GM-CSF,TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly up-regulated over time but only the levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ at 48 and 72 hours were significantly different between the atopic and non-atopic samples.

This research describes features of progenitor cell differentiation and cytokine profiles that could be used as putative biomarkers of atopy as early as birth.

abstract: The work performed in the thesis has a patent pending.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: The control of speech motor targets

contributor:
Munhall, Kevin G.
Psychology

subject:
Speech motor control
Speech production

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 22:44:48.165

abstract: Studies of speech production and its control have traditionally focused on acoustic parameters and/or articulatory configurations of the end result of the production process as the target of speech production. The representations of production target, however, are far richer than the stereotypical acoustic/articulatory features that have been identified from those traditional studies. Speech production is a process through which mental representations of a language are transformed into vocal tract movements and sounds as physical entities. Thus, the speech production target includes these complete representations, and in order to fully understand how the target is controlled, we need to perturb the production process. This paradigm allows us to see how the production system as a whole corrects behavior in response to the perturbation. By systematically introducing perturbation, it is possible to examine what is needed for the system to detect an error, and how such an error is reduced. This, in turn, enables us to have a better understanding of what the speech production target is and how it is defined. A series of experiments were carried out to examine this issue in this thesis, using a real-time auditory perturbation paradigm. This paradigm perturbs the auditory feedback speakers receive while they are producing a speech segment. In response to the perturbation, subjects spontaneously change their articulation to compensate. The results showed that 1) the speech production target is not a list of independently controlled acoustic features but is a multi-dimensionally defined category that is language dependent 2) spectral and temporal aspects of speech motor control show the same results 3) similar compensation behavior is observed even with using an unfamiliar tool to produce a vowel-like sounds, and 4) an intention to produce a speech category may be manifested in ways that are different than behavior in other motor control studies such as reaching.

abstract: PhD


title: Characterization of Filling Materials for Easel Paintings

contributor:
Murray, Alison
Art Conservation

subject:
Conservation of Easel Paintings
Infill Materials

abstract: Thesis (Master, Art Conservation) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 23:24:52.475

abstract:
Developing appropriate treatments for easel paintings can be complex, as many works are composed of various materials that respond in different ways. When selecting a filling material for these artworks, several properties are investigated including: the need for the infill to react to environmental conditions in a similar manner as the original material; the need for the infill to have good handling properties, adhesion to the original support, and cohesion within the filling material; the ability for the infill to withstand the stress of the surrounding material and; be as flexible as the original material to not cause further damage. Also, changes in colour or mechanical properties should not occur as part of the ageing process. Studies are needed on acrylic-based materials used as infills in conservation treatments.

This research examines some of the chemical, physical, and optical changes of eleven filling materials before and after ageing, with the aim to evaluate the overall appropriateness of these materials as infills for easel paintings. The materials examined were three rabbit skin glue (RSG) gessoes, and seven commercially prepared acrylic materials, all easily acquired in North America. Chemical analysis was carried out with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Overall the compositions of the various materials examined were found to be in agreement with the available literature and previous research. This study also examined characteristics of these materials not described in previous works and, additionally, presented the compositions and behaviour of several commonly used materials with little literature description. After application of an ageing regimen, most naturally aged and artificially aged samples displayed small changes in gloss, colour, thickness, and diffusive behaviour; however, to evaluate these materials fully mechanical testing and environmental studies should be carried out.

abstract: Data used in thesis will be used in future publications

abstract: M.A.C.


title: Stellar Mass and Population Diagnostics of Cluster Galaxies

subject:
formation & evolution
astronomy
stellar populations
dynamical mass
physics
stellar population models
Galactic globular clusters
galaxies

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 23:32:48.575

abstract:
We conduct a broad investigation about stellar mass and population diagnostics in order to formulate novel constraints related to the formation and evolution of galaxies from a nearby cluster environment.  Our work is powered by the use of stellar population models which transform galaxy colours and/or absorption line strengths into estimates of its stellar properties.  As input to such models, we assemble an extensive compilation of age and chemical abundance information for Galactic globular clusters.  This compilation allows a confident expansion of these models into new regions of parameter space that promise to refine our knowledge of galactic chemical evolution.

We then draw upon a state-of-the-art spectroscopic and photometric survey of the Virgo galaxy cluster in order to constrain spatial variations of the stellar ages, metallicities, and masses within its member galaxies, and their dynamical masses.  We interpret these data in the context of the histories of star formation, chemical enrichment, and stellar mass assembly to formulate a broad picture of the build-up of this cluster’s content over time.  In it, the giant early-type galaxies formed through highly dissipational processes at early times that built up most of their stellar mass and drew significant amounts of dark matter within their optical radii.  Conversely, dwarf early-types experienced environmental processes that quenched their star formation during either the early stages of cluster assembly or upon infall at later times.  Somewhat perplexing is our finding that the internal dynamics of these galaxies are largely explained by their stellar masses.  Lastly, Virgo spirals also suffer from their dense environment, through ram pressure stripping and/or tidal harrassment.  In addition to quenching, these effects leave an imprint on their internal dynamical evolution too.  Late-type spirals exhibit evidence of having ejected significant amounts of baryons from their inner regions, likely via energetic feedback events.

Rich as our picture of the history of the Virgo cluster has become, real progress in our understanding of this system will truly benefit from future high-resolution cosmological and hydrodynamic simulations of this environment.  Such simulations are still in their infancy, but the data assembled here should soon provide their most direct validation.

abstract: PhD


title: The Assessment Practices of Teacher Candidates

contributor:
Klinger, Don A.
Education

subject:
Education
Teacher Candidates
Values and Beliefs
Assessment

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-01 11:48:19.26

abstract:
The purpose of this study is to explore what teacher candidates (n=156) believe will be their primary assessment purposes, summative assessment practices, and assessment formats in their classrooms, their values and beliefs surrounding assessment, and what contextual factors influence teacher candidates’ assessment beliefs and practices. The results are placed in the context of previous research into the assessment practice of teachers and compared to the recommended assessment practices identified in research and what the Ministry of Education of Ontario expects its teachers to do through its assessment document, Growing Success (O.M.E., 2010). The survey instrument used in the study was composed of questions original to this research in combination with a revised version of the instrument used by McMillan (2001) and Duncan and Noonan (2007). Teacher candidates were divided into different groups based on their grade level, academic level, subject area, and B. Ed program (concurrent, or consecutive). Descriptive statistics were generated for each question by group and overall.
A Principal Components Analysis was used to reduce the 35 items in the summative assessment practices section into 5 scales for ease of interpretation. Inferential statistics (paired samples t-tests, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to determine if there were statistically significant differences between groups. The results of my research indicate that the teacher candidates report having values and beliefs supportive of the orientation towards assessments reported in the research literature and Growing Success (O.M.E., 2010). Teacher candidates’ responses regarding purpose and format were also in alignment with practices supported in the research literature and Growing Success (O.M.E., 2010). In contrast, teacher candidates’ uses of non-academic criteria in making assessment decisions were not in line with recommendations found in the research literature and Growing Success (O.M.E., 2010). Only two statistically significant differences were noted between groups: Grades 7 and 8 teacher candidates reported using constructed response items more frequently than Grades 11 and 12 teacher candidates in their summative assessment practices; and concurrent education program teacher candidates reported their coursework as being less of an influence on their future practice than their consecutive education program peers.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: Numerical Prediction of Effective Elastic Properties and Effective Thermal Expansion Coefficient for Porus YSZ Microstructures in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

contributor:
Pharoah, Jon G.
Peppley, Brant A.
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
OpenFOAM
Effective Elastic Properties

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-01 17:01:05.068

abstract:
Solid oxide fuel cells represent a potentially important application for ceramic materials. There are, however, some significant issues which can affect the reliability and durability of the cell.
Mechanical failure owing to stress is one of the critical factors which can affect the stability and working life of the fuel cell stacks. These stresses generate in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) owing to mechanical forces and change in temperature during fabrication, assembly and operating conditions. There can be chances of cell delamination and micro-cracks in cell electrodes if these stresses are too high. The elastic properties and thermal expansion coefficient play a vital role to improve cell stability and performance. These properties depend on the types of materials and geometries of the composites. In this research, a numerical framework to predict the effective elastic properties and the effective thermal expansion coefficient for porous Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrode microstructures in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell is presented. The electrodes of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are discretized as porous microstructures that are formed by randomly distributed and overlapping spheres with particle size distributions that match those of actual ceramic powder. Three-dimensional (3D) microstructures of YSZ-pore are formed with a porosity ranging from 25% to 40%. The technique involves the construction of the YSZ-pores microstructures based on measurable starting parameters and subsequent numerical prediction of effective elastic properties and effective thermal expansion coefficient. Three domain sizes are considered for the generation of YSZ-pore microstructures. The method of prediction of effective Young’s modulus (Eeff), effective Poisson’s ratio , effective bulk modulus  effective shear modulus , and effective thermal expansion coefficients  for various porosities (P) of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrode material in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells is based on the Finite Volume analysis which in turn is based on the solution of the linear elastic stress analysis problem. The predicted results are compared with some theoretical correlations of two-phase composites for effective elastic properties and effective thermal expansion coefficient. It has been found that predicted results are falling inside of the upper and lower bounds.

abstract: Paper is yet to be published for the thesis data chapter.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Effects of D-Serine on Visual Working Memory in Macaque Monkeys

contributor:
Paré, Martin
Neuroscience Studies

subject:
D-serine
Monkeys
NMDA receptors
Schizophrenia
Neuroscience

abstract: Thesis (Master, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-01 17:45:20.643

abstract:
Schizophrenia is characterized by positive and negative symptoms along with cognitive symptoms that include impairment in working memory (WM). WM is the storage of relevant information for short intervals of time to guide thoughts and actions. The neural correlate of WM is thought to be the persistent activity exhibited during the retention interval of WM tasks. Persistent activity is hypothesized to be mediated by the activation of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) within recurrent neuronal circuits.
	Consistent with this hypothesis, studies with healthy humans and monkeys have shown that the administration of the NMDAR antagonist ketamine induces memory-load dependent deficits in WM, along with increasing response time. In parallel to this, the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been hypothesized to rest on the hypofunction of NMDAR. Previous studies in humans indicate that blockade of NMDAR induces schizophrenia-like symptoms. In addition, symptoms of schizophrenia patients are alleviated with sub-chronic treatments focusing on the activation of the NMDAR co-agonist site. Based on these observations, I tested the hypothesis that increasing the activation of NMDAR with co-agonist stimulation has beneficial effects on WM. D-serine (100mg/kg/day-6 weeks) was orally administered to two female macaque monkeys performing a visual sequential comparison task (VCST), which allows the manipulation of memory load. In this task, the monkeys had to identify the location of a colour change within an array of 2 to 5 coloured stimuli following a retention interval of 1 second. I hypothesized that sub-chronic treatment with D-serine produces a gradual improvement in the monkeys’ performance on the VSCT. Specifically, I predicted that the improvement would scale with memory load due to increased demands on WM resources at higher loads.
	Contrary to my hypothesis, D-serine produced minute changes in response accuracy, which were not memory load-dependent. Also, the response latency of the monkeys was found to increase, which is commonly observed following NMDAR antagonist treatments. These findings suggest that D-serine has a limited role in increasing the activation of NMDARs to improve WM per se. The beneficial effects reported by NMDAR co-agonists in schizophrenic patients could be a general reduction in cognitive symptoms, not specifically related to WM.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Underappreciated Resource or Inadequate Measure?

contributor:
Corbett, Stanley
Law

subject:
International Minority Protection
Article 27 of the ICCPR

abstract: Thesis (Master, Law) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-01 18:37:15.416

abstract:
Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a legally binding and justiciable minority protection provision.  It stipulates, “In those States in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities exist, persons belonging to such minorities shall not be denied the right, in community with the other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practise their own religion, or to use their own lan-guage.”  Perhaps due to its negative, weak and qualified terminology, too many legal scholars display a dismissive attitude toward this article suggesting that they deem it to be an inadequate measure of minority protection.  This thesis seeks to address the question of whether article 27 is simply another inadequate measure or an underappreciated resource through analyses of four key questions: (i) the scope question, (ii) the definitional ques¬tion, (iii) the right-bearer question, and, (iv) the obligation question.  Article 27’s cautious terminology has produced much confusion and controversy, but the United Nations Human Rights Com¬mittee’s practice has helped clarify many significant points of contention.  Despite contesta¬tions to the contrary by many States parties, article 27 has a universal scope and applicability with only two minor, but significant, exceptions.  The right-holder is a person belonging to a non-majority ethnic, national, indigenous, racial, religious or linguistic community, and she bears and exercises the rights protected by article 27 as an individual, even though she has a right to exercise them in concert with other members of her community.  States parties are obligated to ensure that persons belonging to minority communities have these rights.  Hence, I suggest that article 27 should be interpreted according to the following formulation:
States parties have negative, and possibly also positive, obligations to ensure that persons belonging to non-majority ethnic, national, indigenous, racial, religious or linguistic communities have individual rights to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practise their own religion, and to use their own language, including also the right to exercise these rights in concert with other members of their community.

abstract: LL.M.


title: Recreational use of prescription medications among Canadian young people: Identifying demographic and geographic disparities

contributor:
Davison, Colleen
Pickett, William
Community Health and Epidemiology

subject:
Epidemiology
Prescription drug abuse
Adolescent
Substance abuse

abstract: Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-01 22:39:42.815

abstract:
BACKGROUND: The nonmedical use of prescription medications among young people has escalated substantially in recent years. Certain subgroups of adolescents are at greater risk than others, including rural youth, however this has yet to be adequately quantified in Canada, and risk and protective factors in rural communities remain understudied.
OBJECTIVES: The first objective of this thesis was to characterize the nonmedical use of prescription drugs in Canadian youth by age, gender, socioeconomic, immigrant and geographic statuses. The second objective was to examine time-use patterns among rural young people as they may relate to their risk of using prescription drugs recreationally.
METHODS: Data were obtained from 10,429 youth in grades 9 and 10 across Canada who participated in the 2009/2010 Cycle of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. Participants documented information about their nonmedical use of opioid pain relievers, stimulants and sedative or tranquilizer medications in the past year. Cross-tabulations and multi-level regression analyses were used to determine proportions and estimate risk by demographic subgroups, and among 2393 rural youth, to examine associations with time-use patterns
RESULTS: Females were 1.25 times more likely to report recreational use of pain relievers (95% CI: 1.04-1.51). Lower SES students were 2.41 times more likely to report recreational use of any type of medication (95% CI: 1.94-2.99). Pain reliever use was highest among rural youth living in close proximity to urban centres. Frequent peer time after school and in the evenings was associated with a 1.73 (95% CI: 1.10-2.73) and 2.16 times (95% CI: 1.30-3.60) increased risk of using prescription drugs recreationally, however associations were attenuated when adjusted for other risk factors. Non-participation in extracurricular activities was associated with a 50% increase in risk for nonmedical use of prescription drugs, even when adjusted for other risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Females, those of low SES and some rural youth, especially those who do not participate in extracurricular activities, are at increased risk for using prescription drugs recreationally. Results from this thesis point to priority areas for public health and education in reducing harms associated with nonmedical use of prescription drugs.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Broadband Low-Noise CMOS Mixers For Wireless Communications

contributor:
Saavedra, Carlos E.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Broadband
Low-Noise
Mixer
Variable Gain
Wireless Communications
CMOS

abstract: Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-02 04:37:31.606

abstract:
In this thesis, three broadband low-noise mixing circuits which use CMOS 130 nm technology are presented. As one of the first few stages in a receiving front-end, stringent requirements are posted on mixer performance. The Gilbert cell mixers have presented excellent properties and achieved wide applications. However, the noise of a conventional active Gilbert cell mixer is high. This thesis demonstrates both passive and active mixing circuits with improved noise performance while maintaining the advantages of the Gilbert cell-based mixing core. Furthermore, wide bandwidth and variable gain are implemented, making the designed mixers multi-functional, yet with compact sizes and low power consumptions.

The first circuit is a passive 2x subharmonic mixer that works from 4.5 GHz to 8.5 GHz. The subharmonic mixing core is a two-stage passive Gilbert cell driven by a quadrature LO signal. Together with a noise-cancelling transconductor and an inverter-based TIA, this subharmonic mixer possesses an excellent broadband conversion gain and a low noise figure. Measurement results show a high conversion gain of 16 dB and a low average DSB NF of 9 dB.

The second design is a broadband low-noise variable gain mixer which operates between 1 and 6 GHz. The transconductor stage is implemented with noise cancellation and current bleeding techniques. Series inductive peaking is used to extend the bandwidth. Gain variation is achieved by a current-steering IF stage. Measurements show a wide gain control range of 13 dB and a low noise performance over the entire frequency and gain range. The lowest DSB NF is 3.8 dB and the highest DSB NF is 14.2 dB.

The Third design is a broadband low-noise mixer with linear-in-dB gain control scheme. Using the same transconductance stage with the second circuit, this design also works from 1 to 6 GHz. A 10 dB linear-in-dB gain control range is achieved using an R-r load network with a linear-in-dB error less than $\pm$ 0.5 dB. Low noise performance is achieved. For different frequencies and conversion gains, the lowest DSB NF is 3.8 dB and the highest DSB NF is 12 dB.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Neural Correlate of Visual Working Memory in the Macaque Monkey

subject:
Working memory
ERP
Monkey
NMDA

abstract: Thesis (Master, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-02 11:39:34.593

abstract: Working memory is the ability to store relevant information temporarily to guide thoughts and behavior. As a basic executive function that is required for everyday tasks, it is essential to understand working memory to fully understand cognition. A neural correlate of working memory has been suggested in the persistent activity displayed by single neurons during the retention interval of working memory tasks performed by monkeys. Physiological and computational studies have proposed that the maintenance of this activity depends on NMDA receptor activation. Human homologues of persistent activity have been suggested using neuroimaging methods and electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. To help bridge the gap between these studies within and between species, EEG signals in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while one female rhesus macaque monkey (Macaca mulatta) performed a series of tasks that involve visual working memory, in which a visual array presented for 500 ms must be maintained in working memory for a retention interval of 1 s to guide a subsequent saccade to a stimulus. In addition, the effect of NMDA blockade on ERPs was investigated by administering a sub-anesthetic dose of the NMDA antagonist ketamine. A neural correlate of visual working memory was identified in the ERP that was contralaterally-specific to the to-be-remembered target during the retention interval of the tasks. For the first time in the monkey, it was shown that the amplitude and polarity of this activity reflects the spatial location of the target stimulus, scales with the number of items that had to be remembered, and is predictive of trial outcome. The activity was less positive for contralaterally presented stimuli, greater memory loads, and correct trials. Furthermore, this contralateral activity was modulated by ketamine, primarily during the retention interval but also during memory item presentation at P100 and P300. Taken together, these properties support this contralateral activity as a candidate for an electrophysiological index of working memory that is similar to that of humans. These findings also provide a link to the single-neuron mechanisms of working memory in monkeys and further validate the monkey as a model of human visual working memory.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Placing the Khasi Jaintiah Hills: Sovereignty, Custom and Narratives of Continuity

contributor:
Pande, Ishita
History

subject:
Colonialism
Khasi Hills
British Empire
Frontier

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-02 21:24:20.595

abstract:
The north eastern region in India represents a legacy of uneven imperial state formation inherited by the Indian nation state. My doctoral dissertation examines British imperialism in the nineteenth century, as it operated in “non-British” spaces of the north east frontier of colonial India. I focus on the historical production and cooption of the Khasi and Jaintiah hills, into a frontier space of the British Empire. I analyse the interconnections between physical transformations, colonial structures of law, and colonial knowledge that produced inhabitants of the autonomous polities, north east of Bengal into “hill tribals”.
Law provided a foundational framework through which colonial commercial and military advancement into non-British territories such as the Khasi hills was achieved. The most profound implication of colonial processes was on ruler-subject relations, which accompanied the reconstitution of space and inhabitants’ conceptions of self. The dissertation traces both spatial and imaginative transformations that stripped the groups occupying the Khasi and Jaintiah hills of a political identity. The Khasi tribal subject’s relationship to the governing structures was navigated, and negotiated using a reconstituted notion of custom.
This project is more than a history of tribal minorities in India. It addresses the crisis of colonial sovereignty in colonial frontiers, and the nature of imperialism in non-British territories. The dissertation also addresses how the hills and its peoples have long resisted incorporation and integration into totalizing histories of colonial modernity, capitalism and nationalism. Social identities of the diverse communities in the north east of India are articulated through, what I have called narratives of continuity that are both constitutive of and framed against colonial knowledge systems. Critical of the “naturalisation of the association between history and western modernity” and the consequent binaries of past and present, this dissertation analyses indigenous narratives, and the articulation of distinct pasts often inhered in the present.

abstract: I plan on publishing the thesis in the form of a book shortly and would like it to remain restricted for that purpose, until the book is published.

abstract: PhD


title: Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of Microbial Ecosystem Therapeutic-1 on Acute DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice

contributor:
Petrof, Elaine
Microbiology and Immunology

subject: Colitis Probiotic Microbiota

abstract: Thesis (Master, Microbiology & Immunology) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-03 15:17:19.167

abstract: MET-1 microbial mixture used in this thesis is currently undergoing a patent with PARTEQ, which requires it is restricted for the next 6 months.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Correlating Additives to Deterioration and Assessing the Effectiveness of Acrylic Coatings for the Protection of Rubber

contributor:
Murray, Alison
Spirydowicz, Krysia
Art Conservation

subject:
Rubber
Acrylic Varnish
Varnish
Preventative
Rubber Deterioration
Treatment
Rubber Object
Conservation
Rubber Treatment
Rubber Research
Natural Rubber
Acrylic Coatings

abstract: Thesis (Master, Art Conservation) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-04 20:14:54.597

abstract: Conservators have long been aware of the problems associated with the preservation of rubber objects due to inherent instability that can be attributed, in part, to the presence of additives. Inorganic additives, such as fillers, accelerators, stabilizers, and special ingredients are necessary in manufacturing to alter the properties of natural rubber. These materials all have different interactions with the rubber, and each other, and differing effects on the ageing process. To date, the most effective and accepted methods to preserve rubber are cold, dark storage of objects, or the use of low oxygen environments. While these methods are effective, they greatly limit access. The application of coatings to the surface of rubber objects can slow deterioration and greatly increase the ability of an institution to handle and display rubber objects. While numerous coatings for preventive and interventive treatment have been tested, none have been so successful to warrant routine use. The first section of this research highlighted the relationship between the inclusion of certain additives in natural rubber objects and the accelerated or slowed down overall degradation. In the second part of this research, the acrylic varnishes Golden Polymer Varnish with UVLS, Lascaux Acrylic Transparent Varnish-UV, Sennelier Matte Lacquer with UV Protection, and Liquitex Soluvar Varnish containing ultraviolet light absorbers or stabilizers were tested as a preventative coating for rubber. Through testing the visual and physical properties of the samples, as well as compound analysis the results of this research suggest that acrylic varnishes do provide protection, each to varying degrees. The results also provided insight into the behavior of rubber and these varnishes with continuing light exposure.

abstract: Suggested by thesis supervisor to prevent conflict with possible journal publication.

abstract: M.A.C.


title: Is the Association Between the Built Environment at School and Students’ Physical Activity Moderated by the Social Environment?

contributor:
Janssen, Ian
Kinesiology and Health Studies

subject:
Physical Activity
School Environment
Adolescent Health

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-04 16:14:53.564

abstract:
Surveillance data from 105 countries indicates that 80% of 13-15 year-olds do not meet the public health guideline of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day. This is problematic as a lack of physical activity in young people is associated with physical, mental, and social health problems. Schools are a place where children and adolescents spend a large amount of their time and where they have several opportunities to engage in physical activity. The built and social environment of the school can influence the physical activity levels of students. The school built environment consists of the facilities that can encourage physical activity such as gymnasia, fields, and fitness rooms. This thesis looked at two aspects of the social environment: 1) school policies, programs, and practices (PPP) for physical activity, and 2) school social capital. School PPP includes things like having intramural sports. School social capital is based on the relationships formed at school. The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether selected features of the school social environment (social capital, school PPP for physical activity) changes the relationship between the school built environment and physical activity among 11-15 year-old Canadians. Information on the school social environment, school built environment and school time physical activity was gathered using a national representative survey called the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey (HBSC). The HBSC consists of a survey completed by grade 6-10 students in their classroom and a second 10 minute long survey completed by the principal of the participating schools.
	Results of this thesis indicate that the school built environment and school social capital were positively associated with school time MVPA, while school PPP had a slight negative association. School PPP altered the relationship between the built environment and physical activity. Specifically, the strongest positive association was between the built environment and MVPA levels in schools with few school PPP. However, school social capital did not alter the relationship between the built environment and MVPA.
	The results of this thesis can be useful in creating new school physical activity interventions.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Executive Functioning and Attention as Predictors of Functional Outcomes in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

contributor:
Kelley, Elizabeth
Psychology

subject:
Attention
ASD
Functional Outcome
Autism
Adolescent
Executive Functioning

abstract: Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-07 10:10:42.215

abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in communication and socialization, as well as by repetitive and stereotyped behaviours and interests.  The ASD phenotype is also characterized by impairments in cognition.  A growing body of literature points to attention and executive functioning as being key elements of cognition that are impaired in individuals with ASD.  It is very possible that these cognitive difficulties are related to the functional deficits in academic achievement, daily living skills and socialization that are experienced by individuals with ASD throughout their lifetime.  Associations between these cognitive and functional abilities have been identified in TD populations; however, this relationship is not well understood in ASD.  This is especially true for adolescents with ASD who are a vastly understudied population within the field.  The research in this thesis aimed to investigate the nature of cognitive and functional impairments in high-functioning adolescents with ASD, and to better understand the relationship between these deficits.  This study made use of a multi-method approach, by obtaining behavioural and parent-report data related to cognition and functioning for both ASD and TD populations.  The results indicated that adolescents with ASD may have some impairment in executive functioning, particularly with shifting and planning abilities, and score significantly lower than TD adolescents on measures of academic achievement, adaptive behaviour and social skills.  Surprisingly, no evidence was found for attentional deficits in the ASD group.  Multiple regression analyses did not reveal any significant predictive relationships of attention and executive functioning with academic ability, adaptive behaviour, or social skills. Limitations of this research are discussed.  The results may lend themselves to the development of theoretical frameworks for understanding functional abilities in adolescents with ASD.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Understanding Portfolio Assessment And How It Might Best Support Student Achievement: A Workshop

subject:
Portfolio Assessment
Classroom Assessment

abstract: Appropriate assessment procedures and processes can positively impact teaching and student learning (McMillan, Hellsten, & Klinger, 2010; Phye, 1997; Taylor & Nolen, 2008; Wilson, Floden, & Ferrini-Mundy, 2001). Portfolio assessment is a method that has been used within North American Language Arts classrooms for more than twenty years, and can be defined as a “purposeful selection by a student of work/artifacts that represent the student’s pursuits, explorations, and projects as a way of evidencing the student’s progress, effort, achievements, and growth and as a basis for exploring possibilities” (Tierney & Clark, 2002, p. 443). However, the technical challenges of using portfolio assessment are well cited in research literature (see Heller, Sheingold, & Myford, 1998; Herman & Winters, 1994; Valencia & Calfee, 1991).The Ontario Ministry of Education requires the use of portfolios in the Grade 12 Ontario Secondary School Literacy Course (OSSLC) and in special education settings. Nevertheless, anecdotal evidence suggests that portfolios are not used in all OSSLC classrooms. Thus, in light of ministry directives, technical challenges, and lack of training the following project and workshop has been designed to add to the existing literature on portfolio assessment, to inform educational practice, and to facilitate educators’ self-efficacy and confidence in using the assessment tool.


title: An Investigation of Backgrounds in the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiment

subject:
Dark Matter
Radon
Pulse Shape Discrimination
Tetraphenyl Butadiene

abstract: Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-10 18:36:40.2

abstract:
Astronomical and cosmological observations reveal that the majority of the matter in our universe is made of an unknown, non-luminous substance called dark matter. Many experimental attempts are underway to directly detect particle dark matter, which is very difficult to measure due to the expected low interaction rate with normal matter. DEAP-3600 is a direct dark matter search experiment located two kilometres underground at SNOLAB, in Sudbury, Ontario. DEAP-3600 will make use of liquid argon as the detector material, which scintillates as charged particles pass through. The work presented here is an investigation of expected background sources in the DEAP detector.
Because DEAP-3600 is a noble liquid-based experiment, a thin film of [1,1,4,4]-tetraphenyl-[1,3]-butadiene (TPB) is coated on the detector walls to shift the scintillation peak from the UV to visible regime for detection. However, alphas passing through TPB produce scintillation signals which can mimic recoil events. Because scintillation properties can change with temperature, we have conducted an investigation of alpha-induced TPB scintillation at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 3.4 K. We were able to characterize the light yield and decay times, and demonstrated that these background events should be distinguishable from true recoil events in liquid argon, thus enabling DEAP-3600 to achieve higher dark matter sensitivity.
Additionally, we investigate the performance of the liquid argon purification systems, specifically the activated charcoal used for radon filtration. Previous measurements with the DEAP prototype experiment have demonstrated the necessity of removing radon from the argon prior to filling the detector, due to the release of contaminates from the argon storage systems. Charcoal radon filters are extremely efficient, however, if the emanation rate of the charcoal is too high, there is the possibility of re-contamination. We performed a measurement of the radon emanation rate of a charcoal sample using a radon emanation and extraction system at Queens University. We demonstrated that the emanation rate of the charcoal was consistent with zero. We also show that the number of residual radon atoms which reach the detector would not be an issue for DEAP-3600.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: The Role of Mother Tongue at Primary Level in the Preservation of Culture

contributor:
Hill, Ann Marie
Education

subject:
Mother Tongue
Primary School
Culture Preservation

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-09 13:35:40.547

abstract:
The UN Charter recognizes the right to culture as a human right and UNESCO mandates the preservation and enhancement of indigenous cultures – reflecting how the international community values cultural diversity. Ignoring the acculturating effects of education in foreign languages in indigenous societies comes in conflict with these mandates. Current research in the instructional languages of primary school education usually revolves around the learning advantages. But the focus on learning advantages has diminished the impact of instructional language on culture to relative oblivion, despite the acculturating effects visibly found in indigenous, multilingual, and pluralist societies; effects that threaten the existence of many indigenous cultures in the wake of globalization.  As remarked by Ngugi Wa Thiong’o in his book titled The Future of African Literature, language is “a system of communication” and “the carrier of culture”, therefore, striking a balance between its role in education and culture is essential. Indigenous culture and language should not be sacrificed by education that seeks to educate for inclusion in a world viewed as a global; the latter representative of the western culture and English language. Therefore, a strategy is needed to use education systems both as carriers of indigenous cultures and participation in a global world. This topic requires continuous research.
The purpose of this study was to explore the role of mother tongue at the primary school level in the preservation of culture. For this purpose, the relationship of Pukhtunwali culture with Pukhtu language was investigated. This qualitative study consisted of interviews with six primary school teachers teaching grade five social studies curriculum in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. The teachers were asked to share their perspectives on the role of Pukhtu language used as a medium of instruction at the primary school level in the preservation of Pukhtun culture in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. Data analysis identified five themes that showed variations in the perspectives of teachers regarding the role of Pukhtu language in the preservation of Pukhtunwali if used as a medium of instruction in schools.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: Accounting, Trust and the Government in Labour-Management Negotiations: The Crisis in the Canadian Automotive Industry

contributor:
Salterio, Steven
Free, Clinton
Management

subject:
Governmentality
Actor Network Theory
Labour-Management Negotiations
Accounting
Field Study

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Management) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-09 20:46:13.009

abstract:
This thesis investigates the role of accounting information in the automotive industry restructuring of 2008 and 2009 in Canada. The crisis in the automotive industry led to government-funded restructurings for two of the top manufacturers in North America, effectively adding the government as a third party to the negotiations. Following a series of negotiations that occurred between AutoCo and UnionA, I conduct a case study that examines the individual actors’ use of accounting inscriptions in negotiations, as well as explore the dynamic interaction between accounting and trust at the negotiation table. The use of actor network theory highlights the individual actors, their actor-networks, accounting inscriptions and the continuous translation process inherent in labour-management negotiations. Accounting inscriptions are shown to play a central role in negotiations, particularly as a forum for bringing the actor-networks together. Furthermore, I explicate the notion of tactical trust, as it emphasizes the assessment, monitoring, and adjustment inherent in decisions to trust actors within dynamic business contexts.
	I also investigate the roles that the Canadian government played throughout the restructuring of the automotive industry. Through an in-depth case study of the restructuring from its antecedents through to outcomes, the research focuses on the roles of the government officials in the negotiations between the company and the unions, and their use of accounting information. The empirics highlight that the government not only acted at a distance but utilized sovereign power and direct intervention to achieve their objectives in the automotive industry restructuring. I find that the accounting served as the flexible substitute for the government’s presence at the negotiations table while they were acting at a distance and is used as an immutable parameter when the government directly intervened. This paper extends the governmentality literature by highlighting the coercive character of government actions, technologies and programs, and the notion of government in action. I consider the implications of these research findings on the labour-management negotiations, accounting, actor network theory and governmentality literature. In conclusion I also highlight various avenues of future research.

abstract: Confidentiality agreements with interviewees

abstract: PhD


title: Experimental and analytical investigations of concrete bridge decks with structural FRP Stay-in-Place forms

contributor:
Fam, Amir Z.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Bridge Decks
Civil Engineering

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-11 15:55:26.546

abstract: Stay-In-Place (SIP) formwork systems are widely used for concrete slabs in industry due to their relative ease and speed of construction. Conventionally, corrugated metal sheets or precast panels are used as formwork. In recent years, the SIP formwork technique has been proposed in conjunction with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites. The resulting system combines the construction advantages of SIP formwork with the durability and corrosion resistance of FRP materials. Bridge decks are a particularly enticing application due to their exposure to harsh environmental conditions and the need for rapid construction to minimize traffic disruptions. This study broadly evaluates FRP SIP formwork for concrete bridge decks both experimentally and numerically. In total, 9 full scale bridge deck sections, 32 small scale decks and more than 40 auxiliary tests were conducted, including the construction and testing of a full bridge at scale. Additionally, a numerical model was developed to predict punching shear failure based on the theory of plates and shells. Experimental testing was conducted on two FRP SIP form configurations, namely flat plates with T-shape stiffeners and corrugated plates, and used a variety of different detailing and geometries. Some of the investigated parameters included the width effect of bridge deck section tests, the effect of deck span, the effect of bond at the FRP-concrete interface, the panel-to-panel splice configuration, concrete strength, and boundary condition at support, including a monolithic connection with precise girders. Results of the study include the determination of a critical aspect ratio for bridge deck sections, optimization of the panel-to-panel splice detail, and an assessment of the in-plane restraint available to interior span bridge decks. The numerical model, based on the Levy solution for loaded plates, produces a flexural response for a variety of bridge deck configurations and geometries. A failure criterion was applied to establish the punching shear capacity. The model was evaluated against experimental results and provided good correlation. It was then used to investigate a variety of FRP plate thicknesses, spans and effective widths for full scale FRP SIP formwork bridge decks.

abstract: PhD