identifier: Earle, Alison J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Earle=3AAlison_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1978) From natural philosophy to natural science : a case-study of the giant squid.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The middle years of the nineteenth century were critical ones in the study of the cephalopods when so many of the oceanic species were being discovered and described for the first time. Naturalists frequently discussed the correct classification of these new species, and one that elicited not only scientific but also popular interest, was the study of the species of giant cephalopods. -- The early debates on the possible existence of giant squids, and then on their taxonomy can be divided into three main periods. The first was the pre-scientific period, intimately involved with the literary tradition that supported the existence of giant cephalopods or sea monsters. The second period is contained within the years 1847-1873, and is here recognized as the start of scientific research on giant squids. In 1847 a Danish zoologist, Japetus Steenstrup, began a serious investigation which resulted in1856 in his describing the giant squids within a new genus which he called Architeuthus. His work was not generally known, and there was only limited research done in the years between 1856 and 1873. In the latter year the Rev. Moses Harvey of St. John’s, Newfoundland, obtained a complete specimen, and this new evidence greatly enhanced the hitherto limited research carried out on giant squids. The publicity he generated brought the giant squids to the attention of layman and scientist alike, and initiated study of these hitherto elusive creatures. -- The people involved in this study of the giant squid also present a chance to study the very changes that were being made in the nature of biological study. While the middle years of the nineteenth century were critical ones in the study of the cephalopods, they were also critical in the style of investigation of biology. Harvey and Steenstrup represented the transition from the amateur to the professional scientist; the two still co-existed, but the amateur was ceasing to be an instigator of scientific achievements and becoming a mere collector for the professional.


identifier: Aboustit, Baher Labeeb <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Aboustit=3ABaher_Labeeb=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Finite element linear programming approach to foundation shakedown.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract: Shakedown load factors are evaluated for certain plane stress and plane strain problems using the kinematic shakedown theorem. The numerical procedure is based on coupling of the finite element method with linear programming. -- For foundations subjected to loads varying in time in a nonproportional manner within prescribed limits, the classical limit theorems can give unsafe estimates of the collapse loads, as failure can occur at loads well below the static collapse values. Shakedown theorems, which are generalizations of the limit theorems, can provide appropriate safe bounds for complex loading programmes. A few applications of the static shakedown theorem to plane stress problems are available in the literature, but plane strain applications have not yet been reported. -- The nonlinear mathematical formulations for shakedown analysis of continuum problems can be adapted to linear programming by piecewise linearization of the yield surfaces. The continuum is discretised into a finite number of constant strain triangular elements. The elastic-perfectly plastic piecewise linear constitutive law for each element is defined by the yield condition and the associated flow rule. The equilibrium and compatibility conditions are derived from the requirements of the static and the kinematic shakedown theorems respectively. The plastic dissipation energy is minimized subject to compatibility and maximum positive external work conditions. -- A computer programme is developed for application of the kinematic shakedown theorem. The software is applied to (1) shakedown analysis of a square plate, with a circular central hole, subjected to biaxial, variable repeated loading for the plane stress condition, and (2) limit analysis of a strip footing subjected to uniformly distributed loading for the plane strain conditions. The results are in excellent agreement with available analytical (Case 1) and numerical (Cases 1 and 2) solutions. The code is then applied to the problem of a footing subjected to inclined, eccentric and variable repeated loading for the plane strain case. It is observed that the shakedown load varies almost linearly with the uniaxial compressive strength of the underlying soil for the particular case of tension cut-off. -- Although the analysis is restricted to dry soil, the work can be extended to include the effect of cyclic loading on pore pressure. Nonassociative behaviour, work hardening/softening properties, and inertia and damping effects for a prescribed loading history can also be considered. The use of the hybrid finite element model and the sparse matrix technique in linear programming will give better estimates of the shakedown loads with minimum computation time.


identifier: Tarrant, Donald R. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Tarrant=3ADonald_R=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Dynamic simulation model of a local switching network.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The North American telecommunications system is a vast network with thousands of switching nodes. The main function of the telecommunications network is to interconnect all of these nodes, as well as the telephone subscriber, with one another. The optimization of the equipment configurations to achieve these interconnections in the most economical manner presents an ideal opportunity for the application of simulation techniques. -- The vast majority of switching centres in Newfoundland and the rest of North America employ analog technology. Most of these switches are vintage equipment and do not have the service, feature and maintenance capabilities of the newer-generation digital switches. It is generally agreed among telecommunications engineers that converting to digital will have long-term benefits. The planning problem has therefore become one of how to convert from analog to digital technology with a minimum of disruption of service and a minimum of cost. --  The introduction of digital technology into communications has compounded the network planning problem because of the distributed nature of digital communications as well as the large amount of capital required for digital conversion. -- This report uses system dynamics techniques to examine the planning aspects of the local telecommunication network. A model was developed which was capable of simulating up to seven local central offices. This model utilizes present worth of annual charges (PWAC) as the evaluator to assess a number of simulations for different planning configurations and arrives at the optimum plan for local network evolution. The Bay Roberts/Carbonear area in Newfoundland was investigated for the purposes of this study. The study demonstrates that system dynamics is a valuable technique for the analysis of telecommunications networks.


identifier: Maktav, Serap <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Maktav=3ASerap=3A=3A.html>   (1973) Developmental aspects of verbal and visual memory codes.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The present study investigated the development of verbal and visual processes in short-term sequential memory for pictorial material. Different groups of Ss from Grades I, III, and V were given eight trials on a serial recognition task with Acoustically Dissimilar (AD), Acoustically Similar (AS), or Abstract (A), pictures. The AD pictures had distinctive-sounding names, the AS pictures had acoustically similar names and the A pictures were abstract reconstructions of the components of items from the first two lists. Each S was presented with five items from one of the three lists, one by one. After presentation S had to point to the pictures he had seen, in the order in which they had been presented, on a panel bearing the complete set. -- Performance was highest for list AD, followed by list AS and A respectively, and improved with increasing age on all lists. The difference between lists AD and AS within each grade was statistically reliable only for Grade III. List A was significantly different from list AS in any grade. A supplementary analysis of performance on list A alone, which included only those Ss who reported using no labelling strategies for these items, revealed that the Grade V Ss were not different from Grades I and III. These results, along with the results of serial position analyses, were interpreted as providing further support for the influence of both verbal and visual processes in picture memory.


identifier: Davis, Marget Frances Gunness <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Davis=3AMarget_Frances_Gunness=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Harbour Deep : a spatial analysis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Harbour Deep : a spatial analysis

abstract: The intent of this thesis is to study a community in terms of how its inhabitants interact through space, and the effect of various physical structures on the interaction of the individual and the group. -- The study is divided into three separate sections, depending on the area of interaction. These are: the house as a spatial system, community-wide patterns, and inter-community pathways. Aural and visual concerns, as well as cultural patterns, are taken into account. -- The aspects of a cultural spatial situation which are covered in this study are: -- House location -- Areas of interaction within the house itself -- Cultural correlates of spatial constructions -- Visiting patterns -- Community public places and their respective characteristics for interaction on a community scale. -- Community attitudes toward others -- Physical and attitudinal factors of isolation -- Sexual differentiation based upon spatial usage and knowledge. -- The community in this work is analyzed in spatial terms.


identifier: Acreman, Dennis <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Acreman=3ADennis=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Cyclotomic fields of class numbers one and two.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: We find all fields of type Q(exp 2πi/m) with class number hm equal to one or two. We derive various class number formulas and properties associated with these formulas and use these in determining class numbers of cyclotomic fields. The integer hm decomposes as the product h*m h+m of two integers where h+m is the class number of Q(cos 2π/m). We find when h*m = 1 and show that for such m, h+m = 1 also. There are 29 distinct full cyclotomic extensions of Q with class number one and m = 90 is the largest integer for which hm = 1. We also find when h*m = 2 and show that for such m, h+m = 1. There are 2 distinct full cyclotomic extensions of Q with class number two; namely, m = 39 and 56.


identifier: Merriam, J. B. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Merriam=3AJ=2E_B=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1973) Equilibrium tidal response of a non-global self-gravitating ocean on a yielding earth.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: It is commonly stated that the equilibrium ocean tide, measured with respect to the solid surface of the Earth, has amplitude -- ξ₂ = (1+k₂-h₂) U₂/g -- where U₂ is the tide potential of degree-2, g is the acceleration of gravity at the surface and k₂, h₂, the second degree Love numbers, are scalar quantities which characterize the elastic response of the solid Earth. In fact this equation applies strictly to the "tides" in the equipotential surfaces of oceanless, spherically symmetric planets. It is found that the mass of the oceans is sufficient to disturb the potential field to which they are responding thus creating a feedback mechanism which increases the predicted tide height by about 63%. The loading and subsequent deformation of the solid Earth by the ocean tide creates another feedback loop which decreases the tide by about 40%. The combined effect of loading and self-attraction is a 23% increase in the predicted tide height. In addition the irregular distribution of the oceans introduces complications in the response of the oceans to a prescribed potential and a single scalar equation no longer suffices. A set of matrices is developed to replace the scalar Love parameters and these are used to construct maps of several tides which are thought to be equilibrium. Matrices which give the perturbed potential and the gravity tide on a non-spherically symmetric Earth are also given, and the correct expression for the load gravimetric factor, about which there has been some confusion, is derived. Previous estimates of the influence of equilibrium ocean tides on certain aspects of rotation of the Earth are re-worked using the results of the matrix method.


identifier: Vassallo, Monique Ida <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Vassallo=3AMonique_Ida=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Comparisons of species diversity, density and niche use of the terrestrial avifauna of Gull Island and South Head, Witless Bay, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Islands usually have lowered species diversity relative to similar areas of mainland. Such changes in species diversity usually lead to changes in bird density and niche use. A study was done on the terrestrial avifauna of Gull Island and the adjacent mainland, South Head, Witless Bay, Newfoundland, to investigate this. It also examined possible specific effects of changes in species diversity on the density and niche use of the island avifauna. -- Gull Island had a lower bird diversity than South Head as well as an absence of congeners. Total bird density was also lower on the island. The Northern Waterthrush, Boreal Chickadee and Gray-cheeked Thrush were more abundant on the island, presumably as a response to lowered competition. The Fox Sparrow and Pine Siskin had similar densities at each area. The other species had higher densities on the mainland. -- Niche shifts were noted in breeding and foraging habitats of some selected island populations. The Fox Sparrow and Northern Waterthrush shifted their selection of breeding habitat towards the predominant habitat types of Gull Island. The foraging niche of the Boreal Chickadee showed similar flexibility. -- The Boreal and Black-capped Chickadees were found in the same foraging habitat on South Head. They coexisted by exploiting different areas of the vegetation. On Gull Island only the Boreal  Chickadee was present. It shifted its foraging towards some of the areas exploited by the Black-capped Chickadee on the mainland and broadened its foraging range in other areas. In all three chickadee populations seasonal changes were noted in foraging behavior. -- This study supports the hypothesis that species diversity changes on Gull Island led to corresponding changes in density and niche use of all species examined.


identifier: Anderson, Ann Gladys <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Anderson=3AAnn_Gladys=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Error patterns in the simplification of polynomial expressions.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether students made systematic and common errors when simplifying polynomials. In addition to this general question, the study investigated the relationship between the errors made in an algebraic context and a corresponding arithmetic context, whether errors were a function of grade, program, or sex, and whether differences existed between direct and indirect situations. Twenty-five students were randomly selected from eight groups representing a Grade (9 or 10), by Program (Matriculation or Honours), by Sex matrix, resulting in a total sample of 200 students in the analysis. Three tests, an algebra test, an arithmetic test, and a computation test were administered to intact classes within a 40-minute period. The 20-item computation test involved single operations with integers. The 32-item algebra and 20-item arithmetic tests included items involving exponential expressions, the distributive principle and grouping. These tests contained items requiring the same type of skills but the arithmetic test contained no variables. -- The results indicated that 15 common, systematic errors were made in algebra. The common errors were found in the categories of sign errors, wrong operation errors, distribution errors and exponent errors. -- Most students who made common errors did so in one context only, either algebra or arithmetic, but not both. Most common errors arose in the direct mode, where only one step solutions were needed, rather than in the indirect mode, where a series of steps were necessary. The major difference found between grades was in the frequency of errors rather than the types of errors. The same was found when errors made by students in the matriculation programs were compared to those made by students in the honours programs. Only minor differences in performance were found between male and female students. -- Implications for remediation, as well as for teaching in general, were discussed. Recommendations for further research in error analysis were also proposed.


identifier: Hillier, Charles R. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hillier=3ACharles_R=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Future directions in vocational services for trainable mentally retarded people in Newfoundland and Labrador : a Delphi study.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This research study derived consensus viewpoints from a heterogeneous group of service providers regarding future developments in the field of vocational services for trainable mentally retarded people in Newfoundland and Labrador. -- The study used the Delphi technique, a predictive or forecasting device used by futurists, to survey and investigate future policy in this field. The technique was carried out in three rounds using anonymity of respondents, statistical group response and iteration, and controlled feedback to arrive at a numerical, descriptive prediction of futures that reflect central tendency opinion. -- The results of the study revealed that convergence of opinion did take place over the three rounds of the study. Average quartile difference and variance around the mean quartile difference were used as statistical measures to determine convergence. -- In general, the panel expected that a variety of very desirable events could occur in this field by 1995; however, they were less optimistic regarding the feasibility of some of these events. For example, they viewed the provision of a range of employment options and a continuum of vocational services as highly desirable, but questioned their feasibility for the entire province. They also expected that greater emphasis will be placed on vocational programming in both secondary and vocational schools; however, they further stressed that the feasibility of this would be largely affected by the degree of cooperation between vocational and special education, as well as the attitudes of resource people, parents, employers and the general public. The panelists also considered their assuming responsibility for every individual's life career development as a desirable concept, but further emphasized that this concept must be explored more fully and that they should not accept total responsibility.


identifier: Swanson, Eleanor Ann Theresa <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Swanson=3AEleanor_Ann_Theresa=3A=3A.html>   (1977) Evaluation of the community health education programs in prenatal nutrition and juvenile diabetes : a component of the telemedicine experiment.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This field study dealt with the evaluation of two programs presented as part of an experiment in the use of Communications Technology as an education medium. Programs dealing with Prenatal Nutrition and Juvenile Diabetes were beamed via audio and visual means to four outlying centres. These centres were equipped with television receptors and also a microphone system to talk back to the program centre. Interaction between sites and the centre was an integral part of the experiment. -- The research evaluation gathered information through means of a questionnaire on the following major variables: -- Independent   Dependent -- 1. Preparation for program   1. Satisfaction with the program -- 2. Attitudes toward delivery system   2. Extent of and attitude towards interaction -- 3. Quality of and reaction to the delivery system -- 4. Personal characteristics -- Hypotheses between the independent and dependent variables were tested and strengths of relationship were measured by cross tabulation and application of Yule's Q. Results show an overwhelming positive response to the program and delivery system. Strong support was given to a positive relationship between attitudes towards the system and extent of and attitudes towards interaction. Weaker positive relationships were indicated between preparation and satisfaction and between quality of and reaction to the system and satisfaction. These were based on minimal testing as most questionnaire items showed no variation but rather were strongly positive. The relationship between attitudes and satisfaction was inconclusive.


identifier: Snow, Alexander Elijah <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Snow=3AAlexander_Elijah=3A=3A.html>   (1980) Co-ordinating principals in Newfoundland and Labrador : with particular attention to the role in the Avalon North Integrated School District.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: One purpose of this study was to make a brief preliminary survey of the Co-ordinating Principals (CPS), their boards and school systems in Newfoundland and Labrador, and to examine the duties of CPS as listed in the by-laws of school boards. -- The main purpose was to examine the perceptions and expectations of various educational personnel in the Avalon North Integrated School District with respect to 37 stated duties of the Co-ordinating Principals listed under six specific areas--School-Community Relations, Curriculum and Instruction, Staff Personnel, Pupil Personnel, Physical Facilities and General Administration. Also examined with respect to CPS were hindrances to their work, distribution of their time, conflict areas and additional duties. -- For the preliminary survey an information sheet was used to gather data on CPS in Newfoundland and Labrador. This data was analyzed and presented in tabular form. Three questionnaires gathered information from educational personnel in the Avalon North Integrated School District concerning 37 stated duties of the CPS listed under six administrative areas. In the analysis of data, chi square was used to test inter-group percentage differences, using Yates' correction for continuity when the frequency was less than five. For inter-group weighted-score differences, one-way analysis of variance was used, followed by the Scheffé method of multiple comparison to test inter-group differences in mean scores. For intra-group percentage differences, the chi square analysis at the .05 level was used to test the differences. The data was discussed and presented in tabular form. -- In the preliminary survey the researcher found that there were no CPS in Labrador, that all school districts in Newfoundland had one or more CPS but that only 11 districts had CPS co-ordinating all their schools. Most schools not being co-ordinated were small all-grade, or primary or elementary schools in geographically remote areas, or in areas where the denomination operating the school was in a minority. -- In the detailed examination of the role of the CP in Avalon North, responses to the three questionnaires yielded statistically significant differences for both expectations and perceptions, and a majority of these differences involved responses from either principals or supervisors, or both. Also, statistically significant differences were found between perceptions and expectations. The average distribution of CPS time on three listed duties was 40 per cent teaching, 47 per cent administration of school and 13 per cent co-ordination of a school system. The two main hindrances were regular teaching duties and lack of clerical help. Two duties specified by the school board were perceived as not being performed by CPS--arranging high school entrance examinations, and initiating, encouraging, and fostering PTA organizations. Principals disagreed that CPS should decide on the closing of any school in the system.


identifier: Hinds, Marjorie Juanita <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hinds=3AMarjorie_Juanita=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Development and verification of a day care training program for administrators.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Generally speaking, in Canada today, administrators of day care centers receive the same training as Early Childhood Education teachers. The main purpose of this study is to offer administrators a viable alternative to their present training. The alternative would be a university-based program which would deal specifically with the administrator's role within a day care setting. -- The enclosed program was developed over a period of four years and focused upon the stated needs of sixty administrators in Ontario. Also, suggestions were solicited from day care officials across Canada and their advice was incorporated into the program. In order to validate and evaluate the program, both the interview and the questionnaire techniques were used with a total of 110 administrators of day care centers throughout Canada. -- Analysis indicates a) administrators wanted a specialized program to accommodate their needs; b) the majority of the sample (eighty-two percent) stated they would adopt the program as presented; c) a minority of the sample (ten percent) suggested minor modifications needed to be incorporated into the program for their particular locale. Eight percent did not respond. In conclusion, there is evidence that a Canadian university-based program for administrators of day care centers is not only desirable but also a necessity if our administrators are to become professionals and if tomorrow's parents are to obtain quality day care. In fact, many government groups of day care workers are now seeking subsidization for professional development or assurance of remuneration upon completion of training courses. Strong possibilities exist for day and/or night classes or even concerned university personnel moving into day care settings to aid administrators in reaching their goals.


identifier: Russell, Wayne Cyril <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Russell=3AWayne_Cyril=3A=3A.html>   (1970) Fixed point theorems in uniform spaces.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Fixed point theorems in uniform spaces

abstract: A mapping F of a metric space X into itself is said to satisfy a Lipschitz condition with Lipschitz constant K if d(F(x), F(y)) ≤ K d(x, y) , (x, y εX). If this condition is satisfied with a Lipschitz constant K such that 0 ≤ K < 1 then F is called a contraction mapping. If we let K = 1 the mapping is called non-expansive, and if K = 1 and we have a strict inequality it is called contractive. -- In this thesis we give a survey of the various definitions offered for non-expansive, contractive and contraction mappings in uniform spaces. In particular we study the following definition of a U-contractive mapping given by Casesnoves) [3 ]. DEFINITION: If (E, U) is a complete uniform space and F a map of E into itself such that g = (F, F) is the extension of F to the product space E x E, then F is said to be U-contractive, provided the following conditions are satisfied. -- (a) V ε U , g(V) C V -- (b) V V, V W ε U, k ε N, V p > 0 , V n ≥ k -- gn(V)0gn+1 (V) 0 ... 0 gn+p (V) c W. -- We consider also sequences of contraction mappings in metric and uniform spaces. In metric spaces we prove a theorem for a sequence of contraction mapping of a complete ε - chainable metric space. In uniform spaces we prove the following theorem and then show how it may be used to prove other results for sequences of mappings in uniform spaces. -- THEOREM: Let (E, U) be a complete uniform space and Fk a U-contractive mapping from E into itself, with fixed points Uk (k = 1, 2, ... ). Suppose lim -- [special characters omitted] -- Fk(x) = F(x) for every x ε E, where F is a U-contractive mapping from E into itself. Then lim -- [special characters omitted] -- Uk = U, where U is a fixed point of F.


identifier: Jarvis, Paul Sinclair <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Jarvis=3APaul_Sinclair=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Conditioned aversions to visual cues in the pigeon.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether or not pigeons could form a conditioned food aversion to the visual properties of food. Prior research has shown that other species will learn to avoid a food the ingestion of which has been paired with sickness. This thesis attempted to expand these results, first by demonstrating the phenomenon in the pigeon, and then by utilizing visual cues present at ingestion but not physically part of the food, and by testing to see if the aversion formed to these visual cues would generalize to other food-related behaviours. -- In the first study, pigeons consumed pigeon checkers coloured either red or green. Ingestion of one colour of checker was paired with sickness, produced by LiCl injection, while ingestion of the other checkers produced no negative consequences. In a choice test between the two types of checkers, the pigeons strongly preferred the previously safe checkers. -- In each of the second, third and fourth experiments, pigeons were trained to eat uncoloured pigeon checkers from a white-illuminated food magazine in an operant chamber. On the conditioning day the magazine was illuminated with red light and following consumption, half the birds were injected with LiCl and half were injected with physiological saline, an inert substance. After one such red-illuminated conditioning session, a significant proportion of the LiCl injected birds subsequently decreased consumption of red-illuminated checkers while the saline injected birds maintained or increased their consumption of red-illuminated checkers. The aversion to red-illuminated checkers grew stronger as a function of red-illuminated consumption-sickness pairings in the LiCl injected birds, reaching almost total suppression of red-illuminated consumption after two such pairings. -- Conditioning of the red-illumination consumption aversion was followed in Experiments 3 and 4 by an autoshaping procedure. In Experiment 3, the key-light to which autoshaping occurred was either red or green and the prediction was that the birds which were averse to red-illumination in the magazine would be slower to autoshape to the red key than those presented with a green key. The autoshaped responding which resulted was so erratic that it was impossible to verify this prediction. In Experiment 4, autoshaping to a yellow key-light was followed by conditioned suppression testing using either red or green key-lights on discrete trials. Again, the level of autoshaped responding made meaningful interpretation of the data impossible.


identifier: Cunjak, Richard Anthony <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cunjak=3ARichard_Anthony=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Habitat utilization and behavioural ecology of Rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson and Brook char, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) in Avalon Peninsula streams.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Recent range extension of introduced salmonid species in insular Newfoundland has caused concern over their effects on native fish species. The present study was designed to investigate the habitat utilization of the exotic rainbow trout and the native brook char in streams of the Avalon Peninsula. Underwater field observations were carried out in a stream where the two species coexisted. Brook char occupied positions with significantly lower water velocities greater depth, and more cover than similar sized rainbow trout. Char showed similar microhabitat preferences regardless of the presence of trout. Behavioural observations of inter-specific pairs of fish at an in-stream viewing facility (Benthobservatory) showed that brook char were able to dominate rainbow trout in a slow flow (pool) environment. No species advantage was observed in a fast flow (riffle) environment. Subsequent experiments at the Benthobservatory provided evidence that trout preferred mid-stream stations in the main flow whereas char most often held station in slow flow areas usually associated with cover. Laboratory experiments designed to investigate the ability of one species, within its optimal temperature regime, to dominate another species indicated that brook char were most active, showed best growth, and were dominant over rainbow trout at 13ﾟC. Trout showed their best growth and achieved dominance most often at 19ﾟC. The results suggest that rainbow trout may realize a metabolic and behavioural advantage over char at high stream temperatures. -- The data indicate that microhabitat preferences of rainbow trout and brook char in the stream environment are sufficiently different to permit cohabitation with minimal interaction. This habitat segregation likely resulted from interactions with other salmonids in their indigenous ranges.


identifier: Penney, R. J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Penney=3AR=2E_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1980) Overlap parameters of D₂-D₂ molecular pairs from collision-induced infrared absorption.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The collision-induced absorption of the fundamental band of D₂ in the pure gas at 77, 196, and 298 K was recorded for a number of gas densities up to 60 amagat with two 2 m absorption cells. Binary and ternary absorption coefficients of the band have been derived from the measured integrated absorption coefficients. An analysis of the absorption profiles has been performed by assuming appropriate line shapes, and the characteristic half-width parameters δd and δc of the short-range overlap-induced transitions and δq of the long-range quadrupole-induced transitions have been derived. This analysis also made it possible to separate the contributions of these two types of transitions to the total intensity of the band. For the D₂-D₂ collision pairs, the overlap parameters λ and ρ, which represent the magnitude and range, respectively, of the induced dipole moment, and μoverlap (σ), the overlap-induced dipole moment at the Lennard-Jones intermolecular diameter have been determined. These parameters are compared with those of H₂-H₂ and HD-HD, reported earlier from this laboratory [S.P. Reddy, G. Varghese, and R.D.G. Prasad, Phys. Rev. A 15, 975 (1975); S.P. Reddy and R.D.G. Prasad, J. Chem. Phys. 66, 5259 (1977)].


identifier: Goodwin, Donald Fraser <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Goodwin=3ADonald_Fraser=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Husserl on the relation of self to other in the community.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The problem of intersubjectivity was one of Husserl’s preeminent interests. This essay attempts to discern the guiding themes and something of the final import of his account of the issue. The guiding themes are that, although one an experience the same things as does another, one cannot have his experiences themselves; and notwithstanding this limitation, one relates to the real other himself, not to some indication of him which one is free to interpret-the other person himself determines how he is to be interpreted. -- Chapter I attempts to provide the groundwork for an analysis. According to Husserl, consciousness has two important descriptive characteristics: it is intentional, that is, it does not simply have contents, but is related to an object not identical with its contents; and it is temporal, or in ceaseless flux. Further the structure of consciousness itself determines what sense an object shall have for it. -- But one object stands out among others as having a special status: the other person. He is free to determine his own meaning and unity: how can he be an intended object without losing his freedom? And supposing this is to be solved: the other person experiences the same world and oneself: how can this be part of the world’s objective sense? -- Chapter II interprets Husserl’s analysis of the foundations of the consciousness of the other. The focus is the world’s objective sense, experienceable by all. Logically, he cannot presuppose this, and therefore tries to delineate a part of the world and a kind of experience lacking this sense: respectively, one’s body, of which one has sensory and motor control; and the sensibly experienced or “natural” world. -- The other person’s body appears as a natural body. Husserl says it is seen to be animate because of a similarity to one’s own body. It is argued that this cannot work, and that the two bodies must actually come into contact, and prove that they are alive. -- Chapter III examines how the other person can be known. Husserl offers a doctrine of induction such that certain regular ways of behaving reveal a “personal style”. But this is not completely satisfactory, because it does not show how the person’s intent can be known: his intent is not to behave regularly. -- This must be supplemented, therefore, by Husserl’s doctrine of expression. As here interpreted, the other person addresses himself to oneself, and, insofar as he is understood, to something one already knows. The object of the address is thus constituted as shared, but as owned by neither. -- The final point is the notion of a shared world. In communication, each shares and is the source of the meaning of the expression. But no one is the full source of its meaning, thus no one fully understands or owns it: it is shared.


identifier: Williams, George <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Williams=3AGeorge=3A=3A.html>   (1975) Metrication : its implementation in Newfoundland schools.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This internship report describes the implications of and a plan for implementation of the metric system into the Newfoundland School System. The report provides a detailed description of the history of the metric system, its evolvement in recent times as the predominant measurement system in the universe, and the recent developments which have provided the initial activity in the adoption of the metric system in Canada. -- The implications of the adoption of the metric system are discussed with a comprehensive review of the literature on the topic. Mathematics educators have recently become interested in this development since many of them feel that the change to the metric system of measurement in society will allow educators to 'clean house' and modify significantly the approach to the teaching of measurement. An approach to the development of the "think Metric" concept is presented, since the literature indicates that only through the teaching of the metric system as a distinct system and by relating various metric units to real world experiences can an appreciation for what each unit really is be developed. -- The main portion of the report describes the activities of the intern in the development and implementation process. The sequential plan which was developed and carried out is described in detail. Modifications and feedback received at various states are also noted in order to highlight the developmental nature of the study. An evaluation of the in-service education program for teachers and the objectives of the process are also included. The degree to which the program met the stated objectives regarding follow-up activities is also discussed. Since the process of implementation is an on-going affair it was not possible to give a final report nor to comment concerning the long term effectiveness or result of the implementation process. This more long-range procedure is outside the scope of this internship but is recommended as an excellent follow-up study. -- Many of the support materials which were utilized by the researcher in the program have been duplicated and are contained in the Appendices.


identifier: Cake, Leslie J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cake=3ALeslie_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1973) Reaction time measures of pictorial and verbal encoding.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The relative availability of verbal and pictorial memory representations for pictures and words was examined in a visual matching task with reaction time (RT) as the dependent variable. Unfilled retention intervals of .5, 2, or 8 seconds were employed to estimate the effect of temporal parameters upon such memory representations. In Experiment I, Ss were unaware of the format (picture or word) of the first or second stimulus, while Experiment II included blocks of trials in which the format of the second stimulus was known. The results from both experiments suggest that visual and verbal memory codes are in general equally available for pictures, while the verbal code is more available for words. Thus, verbal labelling of pictures is easier than image generation for words. In addition, the visual code for pictures seems to decrease in availability more rapidly than the verbal code with increasing delay of the second stimulus, a result which might be due to a higher tendency to use verbal rather than visual rehearsal in short-term memory.


identifier: Watson, Daina M.(Daina Magda) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Watson=3ADaina_M=2E=28Daina_Magda=29=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Religiosity and ambition : an extension to a contemporary sociological model.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study deals with the ambition formation process of Newfoundland youth. Socioeconomic status, family size, program enrollment, and self-concept of academic ability, factors traditionally used in models of this process, are related to educational and occupational expectations. The extension to the model is provided by the addition of a hitherto unexamined variable--religiosity. Religiosity, defined as "self-perceived strength of religious belief" is assumed to reflect the value orientation of the adolescent to religion. Two separate models are considered: (1) the examination of educational expectations and occupational expectations as separate outcomes; and (2) the examination of educational expectations and occupational expectations as an aggregate measure called ambition. These models are analysed using path analysis and total causal effect analysis for the total sample, for males and for females. -- Religiosity is found to have a significant direct effect on the development of self-concept of academic ability. The addition of religiosity to the model of the ambition formation process increases its explanatory power. The significant factors in this model are found to differ for males and for females.


identifier: Howard, Michael Carlton <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Howard=3AMichael_Carlton=3A=3A.html>   (1973) Political leadership in a Mayan village in southern British Honduras.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis analyzes local-level political leadership in a Kekchi and Mopan Mayan speaking community in southern British Honduras. The analysis of political leadership is based upon a model centered around the premise that a political leader necessarily makes choices in relation to different strategies. These choices, in turn, are based upon the leader's perception of personal resources and the socio-cultural environment. -- The beginning of the thesis, after a theoretical discussion of political leadership, examines the villagers' social, cultural, historical and economic environment. The remainder of the thesis deals with the political and administrative structure of Pueblo Viejo (the village studied) and with village leaders. There is a fair amount of descriptive material presented. This is to provide a fuller understanding of the dynamics of the political leader's actions and of his environment. It is also hoped that some of the information will add to the relatively meagre ethnological and ethnohistorical data for this area. -- The social structure of Pueblo Viejo is encapsulated within a larger national structure. And, although a good deal of social and cultural isolation and autonomy remain, there have been changes in recent years in terms of increasing integration into national society. This has especially been true in the economic sector. -- However, in the realm of basic cultural norms there has been considerable continuity. -- Political leaders in Pueblo Viejo have had to deal with problems inherent in the more "conservative" areas of their society and culture as well as adapting to changes in others. To date, the traditional leaders have been able to maintain their statuses, due largely to the continuity of certain norms relating to authority and legitimacy, and to adapt successfully to changes. In fact, they have often been in the forefront in encouraging certain kinds of change.


identifier: Case, Naomi Jane <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Case=3ANaomi_Jane=3A=3A.html>   (1976) Participation in the development and implementation of a language development program as part of the preparation of a reading consultant.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this project was to enable the writer to become involved in the development and implementation of a language development program as part of her preparation for the role of reading consultant. -- From September to June, the writer, under the supervision of two university professors, worked with teachers and pupils in four kindergarten classes, using children's experiences, library books, and audio-visual materials for language development. -- At the beginning of the project, the writer taped samples of the children's language to assess their level of development. These samples and her observation of children's interaction with one another and with the teacher enabled her to decide the types of experiences required to improve each child's facility in the effective use of language. -- The writer held a weekly conference with each teacher during which she introduced new ideas and made suggestions which could be applied in particular situations to improve the program. She kept a diary in which she recorded reports of those conferences and also descriptions of classroom activities which she had initiated. -- Periodic reviews of her diary, conferences with teachers, and weekly conferences with her supervisors provided the writer with continuous evaluation of her progress. Summative evaluation from four sources - conferences with principals, conferences with teachers, evaluation of pupil performance and growth in language, and the writer's experience the following year as a reading consultant - indicated that the project was successful in that the purpose was achieved. -- Recommendations arising from the project were: (1) that the University continue to provide field experiences, under the direction of a university professor or a qualified reading consultant, for graduate students preparing to become reading consultants; (2) that graduate students preparing to become reading consultants be provided with opportunities to conduct in-service sessions; (3) that graduate students preparing for the position of reading consultant be provided with opportunities to work with different members of a school staff to acquire experience in working with a variety of people.


identifier: Goodridge, Alan Frederick <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Goodridge=3AAlan_Frederick=3A=3A.html>   (1982) La pêche à Terre-Neuve : an instructional module for imparting lexical information with specific reference to the fishery as it is prosecuted along the coasts of Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In the light of the lack of materials on Newfoundland and Labrador, its people and its way of life, available to students in the classrooms of Newfoundland and Labrador, and especially in the French-as-a-second-language classrooms, the purpose of this project was to develop a module in French on one aspect of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador--its fishery. The objective of the module was primarily cognitive, and concentrated on the two passive skills of listening and reading. Using these skills, students would be provided with a basic vocabulary on the fishery, which they should be able to recognize in aural and written form. It was also hypothesized that students' attitudes towards French and learning French would improve as a result of being exposed to the module. -- To test the module, three classes were chosen, one regular grade XI class and two grade IX honours classes. A pretest was given to each class; the module was presented; a posttest was given. The data collected were analyzed and t-test for differences between means were applied. The major findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the means of the pretests and posttests for each grade on acquisition of the lexical items, but not on the attitudinal questionnaire. -- This type of module proved a reliable means of imparting information, but may not be helpful in improving the attitudes of students towards French.


identifier: Southard, Frank E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Southard=3AFrank_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Salt cod and God : an ethnography of socio-economic conditions affecting status in a Southern Labrador community.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study examines the determinants of socio-economic status in Port Hope Simpson, Labrador. Some of the more important social and economic conditions in the community are detailed as they relate to the status of individuals and families. Factors which influence status are considered in chapters on material, social, and ideological conditions. The description of the community structure provides an insight into community values in order to present status from an emic point of view. However, some of the conditions which can affect status are de-emphasized by residents; they are, nonetheless, etically important. -- It is argued that sociological explanation linking status to occupation, education, and income are inadequate to explain status in Port Hope Simpson. Here, community relations are carried out on an informal and personal basis. The actions of residents are highly visible within the community, and status is, therefore, determined by the observation of people’s performance in many roles. -- Although the primary source of employment is the cod and salmon fishery, the extremely short fishing season and the isolation of the community from specialized services make it necessary for people to exploit many different types of cash and subsistence production. In this way, life in Labrador has changed little since the first European settlement. Even though people may be officially unemployed for nearly nine months of the year, they still attach a great importance to work. -- The bulk of this study is based on data gathered by participant observation during a fieldwork period of nearly a year and a half. Due to the scarcity of other contemporary ethnographies of southern Labrador, this may provide the most comprehensive data for a community in the area.


identifier: Biezenski, Robert <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Biezenski=3ARobert=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Science fiction as a social project : subversion in the scientific age.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study attempts to uncover the political values expressed, both explicitly and implicity, in modern Science Fiction (SF). It traces the Utopian tradition of writing, as early SF was influenced by this, but focuses primarily on the 20th century, when SF emerges as a genre. We argue that while SF can and does express both ideological and subversive values, the main thrust of innovative SF remains subversive. -- We attempt to determine also the social basis for SF, finding its core in the new scientific intelligentsia, and we see how as its position in society has altered, so also have the values expressed in SF.


identifier: Cuff, Doreen Gill <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cuff=3ADoreen_Gill=3A=3A.html>   (1980) Preparation for mainstreaming : self-perceived competence of the regular classroom teacher.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The first purpose of the study was to investigate the regular teacher's perception of his ability to teach mildly mentally handicapped children within the regular classroom. Specifically the question to be answered was whether the teacher saw himself as competent in specific designated skills that have been rated by experts in the field of special education as important for successful integration. The second purpose of the study was to determine if a relationship existed between perceived competence and certain personal and situational variables. -- A questionnaire consisting of 50 items, 5 in each of 10 categories, was developed by the researcher and administered to a random sample of teachers who were asked to rate their ability to perform certain tasks according to a Likert-type scale. -- A total score was computed for each teacher and category means were computed for teachers at each grade level. Comparisons were made between groups of teachers on the bases of: level of teaching experience, level and type of professional training, grade level taught and type of support services available. Item scores were computed by totalling and averaging responses across teachers, to examine the relationship between each of the selected variables and perceived competence in educating mildly mentally handicapped children, by means of cross tabulations and chi squared tests for significance of difference. -- The following conclusions were reached: -- (a) The majority of regular classroom teachers perceive themselves to be inadequately prepared in some of the skills seen by the experts as important for successful integration. (b) Primary teachers rated themselves as most adequately prepared. (c) Teachers generally perceived themselves as least prepared in competencies that are required for individualization of instruction, program development and coordination of services. (d) Level of professional training was associated with perceived competence across all grade levels. In the Primary grades years of experience was an equally important indicator of perceived competence, while in Junior High School, type of support services available was associated with responses to the greatest number of items on the questionnaire.


identifier: Berndt, Lorna <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Berndt=3ALorna=3A=3A.html>   (1981) Imitation of infant behaviour and infant response.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Twelve infants were videotaped during a play session with a female experimenter, in which the experimenter alternately imitated all the infants' actions, smiles, and vocalizations, imitated only smiles, and imitated none of the infants' behaviours. It was found that infants were significantly more likely to repeat an action or vocalization when the adult imitated it, but were not more likely to repeat a smile when this was imitated by the adult.


identifier: Cowan, Florence Blundon. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cowan=3AFlorence_Blundon=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1973) Newfoundland's first people : the Maritime Archaic Indians : a curriculum and instructional unit based on the theories of Mauritz Johnson, Jr.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a unit of curriculum and instruction based on the theories of Mauritz Johnson Jr. This unit is intended to supplement the existing elementary social studies program in Newfoundland schools. -- The content was derived from original scientific documents prepared by Dr. James A. Tuck, archaeologist in charge of the excavation at Port au Choix, Newfoundland which took place in 1968. This excavation led to the identification of Newfoundland's earliest inhabitants,the Maritime Archaic Indians, who lived in Newfoundland and surrounding areas four thousand years ago. -- When the unit was developed, specialists from social studies, archaeology-anthropology, and audio-visual education assessed it for content, validity, structure, presentation, and representation. Following this, the unit was submitted to the classroom for student-teacher assessment for its learnability, teachability, credability and potential. Three elementary school classes consisting of 115 students and their teachers, under the Avalon Consolidated School Board, participated in these classroom trials which took place between June 1 and June 22, 1973. Revision were made following both assessments. An overall evaluation was provided by "guiding questions" designed by Anderson and Aoki and based on Johnson's theories. These questions guided the development of the unit from its inception to the implementation in the classroom. -- The following conclusions were drawn from this study: -- 1. Substantive content of a highly cognitive nature can be studied by children in early grades if the content is properly selected, transposed, and structured. -- 2. The unit approach would seem to enable the insertion of new information--a continuous problem in the fields--into existing programs. -- 3. The theories of Mauritz Johnson, Jr. provide a viable rationale for developing units of curriculum and instruction. Johnson's theories enabled the researcher to adequately develop and implement the unit Newfoundland's First People: The Maritime Archaic Indians. -- 4. The assessment by the participating students and teachers convinced the developer that the unit could greatly supplement the existing social studies program in Newfoundland's elementary schools.


identifier: Oppenheimer, Jo <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Oppenheimer=3AJo=3A=3A.html>   (1982) Some patterns in the early history of Newfoundland education, 1578-1836.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis studies Newfoundland educational patterns that existed between the late sixteenth century and the early nineteenth century, the period from Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s first landing and the first government education act.  It challenges earlier works that claim that there was little or no educational activity in Newfoundland until the late eighteenth century or even the early nineteenth century. It also refutes the argument that Newfoundlanders were uncivilized and akin to savages before religious and/or government sponsored education was established. -- The period studied has been divided into three sections, each relating to approximately one century. The first period was determined to be an era dominated by the Christian church - both Protestant and Roman Catholic - during which the lives of people were controlled by the church and knit together by trade relationships. While society in Newfoundland was quite unstable, education in Newfoundland reflected the traditional patterns of church education, apprenticeship and naval training. -- The eighteenth century was discovered to be a time when the church was losing its pervasive control and society was in transition to a new world order. English settlement was firmly established in Newfoundland and education exhibited the transition characteristics of the new missionary movement of the Church of England and increased activity in apprenticeship and naval training. -- The early nineteenth century saw the emergence of the middle class as the controlling force of the new world order. The pattern of education which was just emerging in the eighteenth century schooling grew in importance while apprenticeship and naval training declined. Religious education took second place to the more important economic oriented education. Societies - charity, religious and school - sponsored education as did private enterprise, until the Newfoundland government passed the education act in 1836 which provided funds to ensure the financial security of the schools established by the societies and made available schooling in areas which heretofore had to formal education. -- The result of pairing educational events with political, economic, and social history has confirmed the premise that the content of education depends upon who controls society. The early history of Newfoundland education, therefore, directly related to the dominant trends in its general history.


identifier: McCarthy, Marie Elizabeth Catherine <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McCarthy=3AMarie_Elizabeth_Catherine=3A=3A.html>   (1976) Implementation and evaluation of a career guidance program for grade nine students in a rural Newfoundland school : an alternative to prevocational education.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this project was to develop, implement and evaluate a career guidance programme as an alternative to the Seal Cove Prevocational Programme for the attainment of a career educative objective. -- The career guidance programme was carried out with an academic and general grade nine class in Mobile school, a rural Newfoundland central high school. The programme consisted of a variety of activities designed to give the student insight into occupational opportunities and into their own interests and abilities. The objectives of the programme were to increase the students' knowledge of themselves and the world of work, and to help them realistically relate their own self-characteristics to occupational opportunities. -- A criterion of career development for the ninth grade level was established and a career knowledge instrument to measure this criterion was developed. -- The career guidance programme was evaluated by pretest and posttest administrations of the career knowledge instrument. The programme was compared with the Seal Cove Prevocational Programme by a posttest administration of the career knowledge instrument to a sample of 150 grade nine academic and general students in the Conception Bay area who had been involved in the Prevocational Programme. A t-test and an analysis of variance were carried out on the data related to the questions of the Project. -- The results showed that for both the academic and general students in Mobile there was a significant increase in their mean scores from the pretest to the posttest administration of the career knowledge instrument. In addition, on the posttest administration of the career knowledge instrument the mean scores of the grade nine students in Mobile were significantly higher than those scores of the grade nine students involved in the Seal Cove Prevocational Programme. -- The conclusion was made that the experimental programme, the career guidance programme, achieved the overall goal of increasing the career knowledge of the students, whereas the Seal Cove Prevocational Programme was not effective in the achievement of this goal. -- Finally, recommendations for further research were made concerning career guidance programmes, prevocational programmes and the career knowledge instrument.


identifier: Blacquiere, Joseph Richard <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Blacquiere=3AJoseph_Richard=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Some aspects of the breeding biology and vocalizations of the fox sparrow (Passerella iliaca Merrem) in Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The breeding biology and vocalizations of the Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca Merrem) was studied during the 1977 and 1978 breeding season in Newfoundland. -- The early spring migration, territory establishment, and nesting activities are discussed. Analysis of nest record cards indicated nest height was significantly correlated (r = -.600) with advance of the breeding season. Incubation and nestling periods were found to be just over 12 days and 9 days respectively. Nestling growth was rapid, k = 0.566, and the relative growth of body parts showed a differential in favour of early development of legs and feet. -- Nestling call notes, adult call notes, and presumed female song are described and discussed. The male primary song is described and variation analyzed. The repertoire size of 96.4% of the birds recorded was one song, and only 3.6% sang two songs. Song structure was constant through the breeding season. Analysis of variance of basic song parameters showed some variation between localities but no trends were detected. Cluster analysis showed substantial sharing of syllables within a locality but differences were only apparent in sample that were separated by long distances in continuous breeding habitat or a geographic barrier. The last six syllables of the song were shown to be most closely associated with locality. Song correspond to geographical variation rather than a system of dialects. Preliminary evidence suggests that Fox Sparrows do not discriminate between songs of their own and other, even very distant, localities.


identifier: Johnson, May R. (May Railton) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Johnson=3AMay_R=2E_=28May_Railton=29=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Patient perspectives on service : a case study of the St. John's family planning clinic.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The primary objectives of this study are to determine patient perceptions of clinical service and needs for family planning. The need to focus on these perspectives derived from an examination of the International and National Family Planning programs. A summary of these programs is presented, and the history of the development of birth control and the family planning clinic in St. John's is discussed. -- The data was collected from one hundred and forty-two women who came into the family planning clinic in St. John's seeking family planning services. Each of these patients agreed to participate in an informal interview and consented to fill out a formal questionnaire which focused on specific areas such as clinic accessibility, atmosphere of service, patient expectations of service, convenience of hours, and professional expertise of service given. -- Case histories and statements given by the patient were used to illustrate types of problems encountered by them in obtaining medical services. The role of the male, discussed in the counselling section, established the need for including the male in family planning but points out the fact that until very recently little thought has been given to providing a role to the male in family planning. -- Lastly, the viability of the medical model as compared with the client-centered model in providing a clinical family planning approach is discussed. Traditionally, most clinics follow a medical model. Because of the importance and time spent in the counselling role, a dual-model of family planning service is proposed. This consists of a medical model for the technological aspect of family planning and a client-centered model for the counselling and patient's psychological and emotional needs. -- Recommendations for changes and directions in approaching family planning policy and service in Newfoundland are suggested. Included in these is the need for Newfoundland/Labrador to establish a provincial policy to allow for long range planning in the field of family planning.


identifier: Boyd, Vaughan Herbert <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Boyd=3AVaughan_Herbert=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Religion, occupation, school attendence and literacy in Newfoundland, 1901-1921.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: There were two main purposes of this study. First, the study tried to determine if religion and occupation had affected school attendance in Newfoundland from 1901 to 1921. Second, the study attempted to show if religion, occupation and school attendance had affected literacy during the same period. -- Arguments were presented providing a rationale for the conceptual model used in the study. These arguments indicated a positive association between the percent Protestant in a community and the percent of school attendance and literacy, and a positive association between the percent of school attendance and the percent of literacy. In addition, it was argued that there was a negative association between the percent fishermen in a community and the percent of school attendance and literacy. -- The sample consisted of 404 communities selected at random from the census return of Newfoundland for 1901. The same 404 communities were also selected in 1911 and 1921. Labrador District and the city of St. John’s were excluded from the sample. -- The findings of the study are presented under five main headings: (1) religious composition and school attendance; (2) occupational composition and school attendance; (3) religious composition and literacy; (4) occupational composition and literacy; and, (5) school attendance and literacy. -- The hypothesized positive associations between the percent Protestant and school attendance and literacy were not supported. Indeed, in communities over 200 in population, there was a consistent negative association between percent Protestant and school attendance. -- Only in communities without teachers was there a consistent negative association between the percent fishermen and school attendance. When teachers were available, there appeared to be little relationship between occupation and school attendance. -- The findings of the study supported both the hypothesis of a negative association between the percent fishermen and literacy, and the hypothesis of a positive association between school attendance and literacy.


identifier: Noseworthy, Cathryn Michelle <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Noseworthy=3ACathryn_Michelle=3A=3A.html>   (1973) Ontogeny of nesting habitat recognition and preference in neonatal herring gull chicks, Larus Argentatus Pontoppidan.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This investigation was designed to examine the development of nesting habitat recognition and preferences as a function of habitat and social stimuli in neonatal Herring Gull chicks. The initial experiment studied the daily development of nest site preference during the first week post-hatch and thereafter weekly development until fledging the test procedure, which was essentially the same for all experiments, consisted of relocating chicks 20m from the nest and observing their movements. During these observations, latency, time moving, initial orientation, final distance from the nest, and initial and final vegetation characteristics were recorded. Results indicate that Herring Gull chicks exhibit a preference for the nest site area during the first week post-hatch and this preference wanes after the first week until fledging. Chicks of all ages showed a preference for vegetation similar to that of the nest site area. Nest site preferences are ecotypically controlled since foster-reared chicks exhibited the same preference for their foster nest as did normal-reared chicks for their natural nests. -- Several experiments examined the effect of vegetation characteristics and social stimuli provided by other chicks on nest site attachment and recognition. Vegetation type and the presence of siblings were found to be important stimulus properties of the nest situation in nest area attachment. Chicks exhibited a preference for vegetation similar to that at the nest site and for siblings over non-siblings. Nest site recognition appeared to be predominantly a visual response, at least in visually experienced animals. Vegetation characteristics, landmarks and the presence of other chicks were found to be among the cues used to recognize the nest site. The results of these experiments were interpreted as supporting the hypotheses that nesting habitat preferences are evident in Herring Gulls during the prefledging period and that habitat and social stimuli are important in the development of nest site preferences and recognition. These neonatal habitat preferences may be influential in determining later preferences for nesting sites and may be responsible for the observed stereotypy in adult habitat preferences.


identifier: Abdel-Salam, Mohamed Nabeel <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Abdel-Salam=3AMohamed_Nabeel=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Soil-structure interaction in laterally loaded piles.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Lateral loading on piles is a common occurrence in pile-supported structures such as multistoried buildings, large-span frames and arches and electrical transmission towers. A reference to these can be found in classical geotechnical literature. With the expansion of offshore oil and gas production activities into deeper waters, the demand is ever increasing for designing huge structures supported on large piles. Although such piles are also laterally loaded piles, the environmental lateral loads are several order magnitudes larger than that on comparable land-based structures. The ocean soil itself is unique by virtue of its environmental location. The soil - structure interaction problem under these conditions has attracted the attention of researchers during the past two decades. -- Different methods of analysis are available at present for solving the laterally loaded pile problem. A comparison between two theoretical methods, the finite difference and the finite element, is presented here. In this process, a computer program was developed to generate the p-y curves which relate the soil resistance to the pile deflection, in order to idealize the soil - structure interaction. Soil nonlinearity is considered in both methods with the aid of these curves. This p-y curve concept was extended to layered soil systems. New computer programs were developed in addition to adapting an existing one and a comparison was made of the results obtained by the finite difference and the finite element methods. Full scale test results in soft clay, stiff clay and layered soil systems reported in publications were compared with the theoretical solutions. -- A parametric analysis was done to establish the variables which are critical and significant in the behavior of the laterally loaded piles. The effects of 1) pile loading, 2) pile properties, 3) soil properties and 4) soil layering on the maximum deflection and the maximum positive and negative bending moments were examined. Two types of soils, soft clay and stiff clay, representing typical offshore soils were considered in the analysis. Both free and fixed head piles, representing two extreme types of end conditions, were studied. The CALCOMP graph plotter was used to generate all the graphs for the parametric studies. -- Conclusions and recommendations for future research are presented.


identifier: Lawrence, Catherine Jo-Anne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lawrence=3ACatherine_Jo-Anne=3A=3A.html>   (1980) Hormonal factors influencing intestinal lymph flow.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Splanchnic blood flow is known to increase in the postprandial state though the mechanisms are unclear. Gut hormones are probably at least partially responsible. Intestinal lymph is mainly derived from the splanchnic blood via capillary filtration. As alterations in the slpanchnic microcirculation are likely to be associated with alterations in intestinal lymph flow this study was devised to examine the effects of two hormones, namely secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, on intestinal lymph flow and composition. -- Conscious restrained male Sprague-Dawley rats with intestinal lymphatic fistulae, duodenal cannulae, and tail-vein cannulae were studied. -- Natural secretin at doses from 0.25 - 5 U/ml and a saline control were administered intravenously in ten animals. Lymph flow, protein concentration and output were determined. To exclude the possibility of a vasoactive contaminant causing the observed effects, three rats were studied similarly with synthetic secretin. -- Analysis of the results gave polynomial curves with 95% confidence bands for each set of data. Comparison of the equations between natural and synthetic secretin for lymph flow and protein output showed no significant difference (p > .01). These results indicate that secretin is a powerful stimulant of intestinal lymph flow and protein output in the conscious rat. However, the mechanism by which secretin produced these effects is unclear. -- A steady-state of enhanced lymph flow was established. Protein concentration of successive lymph samples taken throughout the infusion showed no measurable change. Examination of gradient polyacrylamide Electrophoretic gels showed no evidence of change in the protein pattern as a result of alterations in lymph flow suggesting that secretin does not alter capillary permeability. It is proposed that secretin may open up previously non-perfused vessels. -- Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was studied in three animals in which 0.1 µg, 0.5 µg and a saline control were administered. Unlike secretin, no alteration in intestinal lymph flow or protein output was observed. -- In conclusion, while natural and synthetic secretin are potent intestinal lymphagogues, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide seems to have no intestinal lymphagogue effect.


identifier: Hicks, Mary Lyons <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hicks=3AMary_Lyons=3A=3A.html>   (1976) A program of diagnosis and remediation for retarded readers who have been placed in special education classes.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this internship was to ascertain whether some students had been placed in special education classes mainly because of a disability in reading which could be corrected. -- The subjects of the study - three girls and seven boys ranging in age from ten to fifteen years - were randomly selected from two special education classes at St. Teresa’s School, St. John’s. All students in the group were unable to cope with the routine of the regular classroom where they had experienced failure and frustration. -- The initial step in the diagnostic-prescriptive teaching program was to find each student’s reading level, using the Slosson Oral Reading Test. Following this, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children was administered to obtain each child’s IQ. The information contained in the subtests of the Verbal and Performance Scales was used to pinpoint weaknesses and to find strengths on which to base the remediation process. The Bond and Clymer formula was then used to find each student’s reading potential. These results revealed that the range of reading retardation was from 1.8 to 6.0 years Diagnostic reading and spelling tests were also administered. After determining in which abilities students were weak, the intern focused prescriptive teaching on the whole group, on small groups and on individuals, on the basis of students’ needs. -- Because of past failures and frustrations, the students had acquired a poor self-image. As the program progressed, however, weaknesses were corrected and the students experienced a measure of success. They became more motivated to pursue their areas of interest in the wide range of high-interest low-vocabulary books which were available. -- A marked improvement was evident not only in their progress, but in the general attitudes and behavior of the subjects. As a result of their overcoming specific handicaps, the students became more motivated to learn. -- The remediation process extended over a period of eight weeks. At the end of this period the students were retested and a t test was performed on the results. The observed differences were significant, indicating that the diagnostic-prescriptive program had been a success.


identifier: Rowsell, Wallace J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rowsell=3AWallace_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1978) A study of mathematics verbal problem solving through reading instruction among low achieving students in the eighth grade.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The major purpose of this study was to determine if special instruction in specific reading skills could significantly improve low achieving students' ability to solve mathematical verbal problems. Three questions were explored: -- 1) Does instruction in specific reading skills cause improvement in mathematical verbal problem-solving among low achieving grade eight students? -- 2) Is there a relationship between sex and mathematical verbal problem-solving ability? -- 3) Is there an interaction effect on mathematical verbal problem-solving ability between the sex of the students and the instructional treatment used with those students? -- The subjects of the study were 36 grade eight low achieving students from the Integrated Central High School, Stephenville, Newfoundland. These 36 students were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups--an experimental group and a control group--18 students in each group. The experimental group consisted of 12 boys and 6 girls, while the control group consisted of 11 boys and 7 girls. The special instruction (experimental) treatment group received 30 lessons of instruction in the specific reading skills involved in mathematical verbal problem-solving, while the supervised (control) group received 30 lessons of solving verbal problems using methods they had learned in the past with no emphasis on these reading skills taught to the experimental group. Analysis of results indicated that students in both groups improved from pretest to posttest on the investigator's designed Verbal Problem Test and the Canadian Test of Basic Skills subtest on problem-solving. However, the experimental group's mean scores were significantly higher than mean scores for the control group on both posttests, which indicated a positive relationship between the specific reading skills treatment and ability to solve mathematical verbal problems. No significant difference was found to support the conclusion that the sex of a student influenced mathematical verbal problem-solving ability; nor did the investigator find any significant interaction between the instructional treatment and the sex of the student. -- The major conclusion of this study was that instruction in specific reading skills significantly improved students' ability to solve mathematical verbal problems.


identifier: Handrigan, Helen Marie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Handrigan=3AHelen_Marie=3A=3A.html>   (1978) The effects of parenthood status on kinship relations.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This research explored the effect of parenthood status on kinship relations. It was hypothesized that the one-parent family would have more contact with the consanguinal kin than affinal kin, in order to fill the place that was vacated by the spouse. It was assumed that increased contact would be necessary as the one-parent family would be in need of extra support systems. -- A random sample of one-parent families and dual-parent families was chosen to ascertain who maintained the most contact with kin. A mail questionnaire was used and questions were asked about the frequency of visiting, telephoning, letter writing, and the receiving of financial assistance. These questions were asked in relation to consanguinal kin and affinal kin. -- The data were analyzed by using the t-test for significance and the Pearson’s Product Moment correlation coefficient as a measure of association.  It was shown through the findings that parenthood status does indeed affect kinship relations but the direction showed tat the dual-parent family has significantly more contact with kin that the one-parent family. -- The findings of this research have opened up many new areas of investigation surrounding the dynamics of the one-parent family. The reasons why the one-parent family does not maintain contact should be researched to add to our understanding. In addition to this area, it would also be interesting to note who the one-parent family does use as a support, if indeed anyone.


identifier: Rose, Robert <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rose=3ARobert=3A=3A.html>   (1982) The objectives of the matriculation mathematics program in Newfoundland and Labrador, as perceived by secondary and post-secondary mathematics educators.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The study was undertaken to investigate the perceptions of three groups of educators with respect to the relative importance of 18 objectives for the secondary school matriculation mathematics program in Newfoundland and Labrador. The three groups of educators were the instructors of first year mathematics at Memorial University, the instructors of mathematics at trade and vocational schools in Newfoundland and Labrador, and the teachers of matriculation mathematics at schools in Newfoundland and Labrador. -- Attempts were made to ascertain if any differences existed among the three groups of educators in their perception of the relative importance of the objectives. It was also sought to determine if there were differences in the ranking of the objectives between those secondary school teachers who had completed a minimum of 10 university mathematics credits and those who had completed fewer than 10 such credits. Finally, a comparison was made between the rankings of the post-secondary instructors and those of similar groups of instructors in a study by Mercer (1975). -- A questionnaire was developed comprising pair-wise comparisons of the objectives. Individual and test-retest reliability checks resulted in acceptable levels of consistency. -- From the data analysis it was concluded that there was a wide difference in opinion among the respondents, both within and between the three groups studied. Of the three groups, there was most agreement within the university group, and least within the group of matriculation mathematics teachers. Significant differences at the 0.05 level were found between the preference score correlations of the two post-secondary instructors, and also between those of the trade school group and the secondary school group. In general, the secondary school group exhibited a position “between” the two post-secondary groups in their perceptions of the objectives.  No difference was found between the secondary school teachers who had completed 10 university mathematics credits and those who had completed few than 10 such credits, as to their perceptions of the objectives. Finally, general agreement was observed between the rankings of the post-secondary groups and those of the corresponding groups in Mercer’s 1975 study. -- Based on these results, recommendations concerning the involvement of the three groups in the curriculum development process were made. Also it was recommended that teachers take care in considering the needs of all types of students in their classes.


identifier: Casey, George J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Casey=3AGeorge_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1971) Traditions and neighbourhoods : the folklife of a Newfoundland fishing outport.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study attempts a description and analysis of the traditional folk life of Conche, a small, Irish, Catholic, fishing community (population 500), on the eastern side of the Great Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland, as seen through its older residents' eyes. Field interviews, from July to September 1968, with the descendants of the original settlers of the area, were supplemented by some later interviews and research in the Provincial Archives. -- After a discussion of some of the problems of doing field work in one's home community, and of the methodology and scope of the study, the geographical study area is defined. The role of the French fishermen in the early history of the community is reconstructed from the reminiscences of the older people and the available historical documents. -- The field worker discovered that older Conche residents associated specific categories of folk traditions, for example, songs, ghost stories, treasure legends, with specific neighbourhoods. The three interrelated factors affecting the growth of such neighbourhoods: social structure, changes in fishing technology, and land inheritance and use, are then examined, comprising in effect a brief social and economic history of the community, with emphasis on oral tradition. -- The historical and functional aspects of religion, health and education are then discussed: religion as it affects calendrical celebrations; health both as formal medical service and as folk medicine; education both as formal and informal or traditional processes. -- How songs function in the social context is next examined; the songs collected are annotated. A model of the "talk session patterns" is then developed and utilized in examining the role and function in the society of six narrative genres. Like songs most of these narrative forms are neighbourhood oriented. -- Finally, there is an ethnographic presentation of the customs and practices connected with death and burial, and the annual garden party. Since these customs are not neighbourhood oriented but instead dominated by the Church, participation in these activities helps to integrate the community.


identifier: Ludlow, W. W. Keith <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ludlow=3AW=2E_W=2E_Keith=3A=3A.html>   (1975) A study of supervisors attitudes toward curriculum change in school districts involved in funded curriculum projects in Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if there were significant attitudinal differences towards curriculum change between supervisors in school districts involved in funded curriculum projects and supervisors in school districts not involved in funded curriculum projects in the Province of Newfoundland. Twenty generalist supervisors in school districts where Project Atlantic Canada projects are being developed (PAC districts) were compared with twenty randomly selected generalist supervisors in districts where Project Atlantic Canada projects are not being developed (Non-PAC districts). More specifically the study attempted: -- 1. To determine whether there were significant differences between the attitudes towards curriculum change of supervisors within PAC districts and the attitudes of supervisors in Non-PAC districts. -- 2. To examine the effects of such variables as age, teaching experience, supervisory experience and professional preparation on attitudes towards curriculum change. -- 3. To determine which agents supervisors considered most and least important in facilitating curriculum change. -- 4. To determine which agents supervisors considered most and least important in inhibiting curriculum change. -- The data in the study were obtained from a mail questionnaire and taped interviews. -- Data collected from forty supervisors provided the necessary information used in the testing of the various hypotheses. Statistical procedures used to test these hypotheses included 't' test and 'F' ratios. -- Analysis of the data revealed that there were significant attitudinal differences towards curriculum change between supervisors in school districts involved with Project Atlantic Canada and supervisors in districts not involved with Project Atlantic Canada. -- Supervisors were classified on the basis of certain selected variables such as age, teaching experience, supervisory experience, and professional preparation. The findings indicated that personal and professional characteristics have little effect on the attitudes of supervisors towards curriculum change. -- Analysis of data revealed that Project Atlantic Canada and Non-Project Atlantic Canada supervisors placed the teacher as the prime agent responsible for initiating curriculum change and the community leaders as the least important. Both groups ranked the school board as the most important agent that inhibited curriculum change while teachers and parents were considered least important. -- Analysis of data from the interviews revealed that supervisors in both Project Atlantic Canada and Non-Project Atlantic (Canada districts greatly favoured teacher initiative in curriculum development. They also felt that more communication was needed between the Department of Education, the N.T.A., Memorial University and the school personnel.


identifier: Lehr, Ronald <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lehr=3ARonald=3A=3A.html>   (1981) A counselling internship undertaken in Harlow, England including a research component on the effectiveness of a relationship skills training program.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This report outlines an internship undertaken in Harlow, England from April 27, 1980 to July 17, 1980. The purpose of this internship was to provide, under supervised conditions, an opportunity for the intern to practice and refine counselling skills already acquired and to expose him to a different culture so as to gain a more global understanding of the role of the school counsellor. -- During the internship, the intern was provided with opportunities to: compare guidance services in the Harlow area with those available in Newfoundland; examine community services available in Harlow, in the area of counselling, education, and social welfare; improve on skills as a group leader and facilitator; perform individual counselling with children from different cultural backgrounds; study the services and facilities available for the mentally handicapped; broaden knowledge in the area of Special Education; develop the ability to collect, analyze and interpret data; and, to report the results of a research study. -- The purpose of the research component of the internship was to see if teacher interns' ability to relate interpersonally would improve after exposure to the Relationship Skills Training Program (Weissberg et al., 1978). At the end of the program, responses on the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (Watson and Friend, 1969) showed no significant reduction in anxiety associated with interpersonal anxiety. On the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Watson and Friend, 1969) and the Interpersonal Relationship Rating Scale (Hipple, 1972), subjects showed significant decreases in fear of negative evaluation by others and a significant increase in personal growth. -- A series of recommendations for improvement of the internship experience and for applying the results of the research study are also presented.