title: Evolving perspectives: Integrating environmental history and heritage appreciation in Dinosaur Provincial Park

contributor:
Verhulst, David John (author)
(Colton, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2004

abstract: Environmental history narratives integrate nature and culture and explore how  people have influenced the land and how the land has influenced people throughout time.  While other researchers have suggested environmental history could benefit Heritage  Appreciation programming in parks, an assessment of how the integration would  influence programming and its ability to achieve park mandates had not been completed  prior to this research study.  Heritage Appreciation programming in Alberta Parks is currently in a growth  phase. Agency-level mandates have been modified to reflect a commitment to the  promotion of environmental citizenship. Presently, Heritage Appreciation programming  at Dinosaur Provincial Park does not achieve this mandate. Through a series of in-depth  interviews with key stakeholders, it became apparent that the promotion of ecological  literacy was challenged by a lack of information conducive to integrating nature and  culture and presenting the big picture to park visitors. It was determined that the  incorporation of environmental history narratives into park programming could improve  the ability of Heritage Appreciation programming in Dinosaur Provincial Park to promote  ecological citizenship. However, the successful integration of environmental history into  Heritage Appreciation programming in parks like Dinosaur Provincial Park will require  specific leadership strategies that will anticipate and address potential challenges to the  environmental history perspective.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Accurate expected returns for draw and single-flip video poker

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor:
Rahim, Karim (author)
(Diamond, Jim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

rights: The author grants permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. The author retains the copyright of the thesis.

subject: LE3 .A278 2004

abstract: Video poker, a billion dollar industry, is the fastest growing segment of the video lottery terminal market. This thesis performs an accurate analysis of two popular video poker games, introduces a new class of video poker known as single-flip video poker games, and studies methods to analyse this new class of games. This thesis can be separated into two distinct parts. In the first part, accurate statistical analyses of the games Jacks or Better and  Deuces Wild are performed. These analyses are the first to present rational number probability distributions and expected returns. The analyses benefit from a technique  exploiting hand congruencies due to suit equivalence. These congruencies reduce the initial hand counts from 2,598,560 to 134,459.  In the second part, the concept of a single-flip video poker game is introduced. Such games are currently in development in the gaming industry. Exact values for the  expected returns from such games are shown to be computationally difficult to obtain.  Two model single-flip card games are studied, optimal strategies are proposed, and  accurate expected returns are simulated.

abstract: Computer Science


title: Rethinking drug treatment procedures in Nova Scotia: The re-humanizing of drug dependent persons

contributor:
Belben, Laura (author)
(Sacouman, Jim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: Drug dependency is a multifaceted issue that affects countless individuals world wide and  in the province of Nova Scotia. This thesis examines how drug dependent persons are  ‘de-humanized’ within the multifaceted and complex structures of Nova Scotia’s society.  It takes a close look at the factors that play a vital role in how individuals end up in their  current situation. It analyses how harm reduction programs specifically needle exchange  programs in the province of Nova Scotia, foster safe and supportive havens for  individuals during their rehabilitation process. The central argument of this thesis is that  drug dependent persons need to be re-humanized, and that the programs researched for  this thesis play a key role in this process. The key concepts examined in this thesis are: a)  rehabilitation; and b) change in mindset. The five themes that are examined under these  key concepts include: violation of human rights, determinants of health, social alienation,  support, and sense of community. This thesis examines how each of the above themes  play a critical role in the lives of drug dependent individuals and examines in depth the  role of needle exchange programs in the re-humanizing process.

abstract: Sociology


title: The history of the affiliations of CINDICO and UNIDICO with Acadia University 1989-2006

contributor:
Dockendorff, W. Stewert (author)
(Wooden, Glenn) (Thesis advisor)
(Committee member)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

format: electronic electronic

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: The thesis has been divided into three parts. The first part, Chapter 1, provides the background to the discussion. It outlines two theologies, one concerning missions and the other regarding education; and then, for those unfamiliar with the advent of Christianity to West Africa and Nigeria, it describes the missionary efforts of native and white workers during the hundred years from 1786-1890. The second section deals with the affiliations proper and forms the heart of the thesis. It consists of five chapters. These describe the three visionaries who brokered the relationship with AU; detail the affiliation of CINDICO and UNIDICO with AU; outline the post-affiliation years (1995-2013); and summarize the narrative, adding recommendations for the future. The third division of the thesis contains twelve appendices that are divided into two groups. The first five cover Nigeria; the church in West Africa prior to 1792; Nigerian Christianity (1890-2013); the histories of the denominations associated with the colleges – the Christ Apostolic Church (CAC) and the Universal Gospel Apostolic Church of Nigeria (UNIGAC); and African Traditional Religion (ATR). The last seven appendices contain core affiliation documents and pictures of relevant people and places in Nigeria. Since the appendices taken together provide a larger view of the affiliations, they are particularly important for administrators and others who are interested in placing the colleges in the broader context of their missional, socio-political, and religious settings.

abstract: Acadia Divinity College


title: The Lancelot-Gawain parallel in Malory's Le Morte Darthur

contributor:
Taylor, Danielle Renee (author)
(Whetter, Kevin) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: This thesis is an exploration of a parallel between Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawain found within Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur which has been previously overlooked in Malorian scholarship. The Lancelot-Gawain parallel runs through the entirety of Malory’s narrative, and is an important element in both his thematic structure and his characterization of both knights. By comparing and constrasting Lancelot with Gawain, Malory is able to emphasize Lancelot as the protagonist of his narrative and presents him as a flawed, but still noble knight. The thesis begins with an exploration of Malory’s sources, and some of the changes he has made in regards to Lancelot and Gawain. An in-depth study of the the early tales outlines the creation and ongoing construction of this parallel. The early examples create a model for the extensive and elaborate parallel found in the Sankgreall Quest and the fall of the Round Table. This parallel offers new insights into Malory’s characterization of Gawain and Lancelot, as well as his conception of knighthood.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: The medicalization of sexuality in twentieth-century American lesbian-identified literature

contributor:
Little, Carol Anne (author)
(Quéma, Anne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: In this thesis, I explore the relationship between twentieth-century American lesbian-identified literature, medicine and psychology. My primary literary texts are Djuna Barnes’ Nightwood (1937), Vin Packer’s Spring Fire (1952), and Rita Mae Brown’s Rubyfruit Jungle (1973). I engage with theories relating to medicine, sexuality, and power by Michel Foucault, Adrienne Rich, Gayle Rubin, and Judith Butler to demonstrate that the construction of homosexuality as a disease, as “other,” and as “deviant” throughout the twentieth century has had significant social and historical repercussions. I begin by examining the historical practice of medicalizing sexuality through the works of key philosophers, theorists, and medical practitioners, then move to explore the ways in which Barnes, Packer, and Brown incorporate and appropriate medical discourses of the time in order to highlight their inherent flaws and promote justice and equality for homosexuals. In addition to literature, I also briefly examine the ways in which other media, in particular films by director Alfred Hitchcock that feature queer protagonists, function within rigid censorship laws and amid pathologizing medical discourse. By studying both American literature and film from the twentieth century, I am able to take a broader view of the scope of authoritarian discipline and control over sexuality in the United States.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Melting icecaps, missing bees: Adorno on interpretation and dialectics in the anthropocene era

contributor:
Asp, Karen Elizabeth (author)
(Biro, Andrew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: Making sense of eco-political phenomena such as global warming and honeybee colony  collapse drives this research project. I turn to Theodor Adorno because he thought  rigorously about how ways of thinking and interpreting contribute to what he called the  “natural catastrophe of society.” My central claim is that Adorno’s concept of negative  dialectics reframes the problem of interpretation so that it becomes possible to analyze  empirical objects without reducing them to their concepts. I consider how he treats the  paired concepts of subject and object, and related terms, in the history of Western  philosophy. In particular, I focus on his discussion of Aristotle, Kant and Hegel, and how  negative dialectics arises from the limitations of their ideas.  I discuss how Adorno’s dialectical approach aims to avoid falling prey to total  exclusion of the world on one hand, or total encapsulation of it, on the other. To avoid  these traps he establishes the idea of the constitutive priority of the object. This is the idea  that the subject depends entirely on the object for its existence. Inversely, knowledge of  objective reality depends on mediation through concepts and language. I conclude by  considering how negative dialectics could be mobilized in the critical interpretation of  eco-political phenomena. This would be, firstly, the extension of Adorno’s critique of  first philosophy to versions of environmental philosophy premised on notions of origin  and unity. Secondly, Adorno’s idea of doing justice to specific things by means of  conceptual constellation would be extended to natural-historical objects, such as agro-industrial  honeybees and melting glaciers, ignored, exploited or killed through processes  of social domination.

abstract: Politics


title: Bono: An Irish David

contributor:
Cantle, Paul Harris (author)
(Brackney, William) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: Bono's credentials as a Christian have been called into question from his earliest  days in the rock group, U2. Through this thesis, I will dispute those criticisms and argue  that Bono is a modern day psalmist in the mold of King David. I first look at Bono’s  Celtic Sitz im Leben to examine the foundations of his Christian beliefs and then consider  several religious themes evident in his songs, words and works. After reviewing the  characteristics of poetry and the psalms, and how Bono’s lyrics together with U2’s music  reflect these characteristics, I develop a contemporary typology, based on Walter  Brueggeman, to use as a framework for exegeting four songs written and performed by  Bono and U2 over a twenty-eight year period. Through this analysis of his music and  theological orientation, and a review of his personal contribution and influence, I  conclude that Bono meets the criteria of a modern-day psalmist.

abstract: Acadia Divinity College


title: Feeding ecology and movement patterns of Atlantic Sturgeon in Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy

contributor:
McLean, Montana Francesca (author)
(Stokesbury, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: Atlantic sturgeon are a highly migratory, anadromous species known to seasonally aggregate. The Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, is a summer terminus for a large mixed-stock feeding aggregation consisting of primarily sub-adult and adult Atlantic sturgeon from Canada and the USA. The movement and feeding behaviour of Atlantic sturgeon was examined in a macro-tidal estuary, and an attempt to link these behaviours to their physical and biotic drivers was made. Diet analysis revealed that tube-dwelling polychaetes comprised the majority of the Atlantic sturgeon diet. Quantification of movement patterns and analysis of fine-scale spatial data revealed three distinct behaviours exhibited by acoustically tagged Atlantic sturgeon. The first movement pattern was indicative of foraging, and the second of searching over the intertidal mudflats, whereas the third movement type suggested transitory behaviour moving past the general study site. Increased crepuscular activity was also identified revealing a diel pattern of behaviour not previously described for Atlantic sturgeon in the marine environment. Quantitative identification of foraging behaviour and diet analysis indicate that the Kingsport Beach area in the Southern Bight of the Minas Basin is an important feeding site for Atlantic sturgeon. More information on the basic biology of the Atlantic sturgeon is required in order to develop a holistic approach to the management and conservation of this trans-boundary species, particularly at mixing sites such as Minas Basin.

abstract: Biology


title: The collapse of righteousness?: A  Study  of  the  meaning  and  changing  translation  of  Dikaiosu/nh e and  of  the  Christian  Vocabulary  of  Righteousness

contributor:
Street, Lorraine Elizabeth (author)
(Evans, Craig) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract: The mantra, “justice is at the heart of the Gospel,” based on the belief that “Jesus  was committed to justice” is virtually ubiquitous in the Western Christian  church. The word “justice” is, however, almost never defined, and the assertion  and its underlying belief are almost never defended—indeed, they are taken for  granted, even seen as self-‐‑evident first principles. This thesis asks whether this  notion is, in reality, a faithful exposition of the Gospel, and suggests that, in  justice’s ascendance in Western Christian thought and praxis, the church has lost,  thrown, or given away something extremely precious: righteousness.  The discussion and argument of this thesis focusses on a number of key words in  the Hebrew Bible and Greek New Testament, in particular qdx, dikaiosu/nh, and  cognates. It opens with a discussion of the meaning of words and how we  understand them, in particular words in translation, and it flags the ways in  which translations of the key terms have changed over the centuries. This is  followed by an examination of the meanings of the words at issue, including an  extended (albeit infinitesimal, given the libraries of words that have been written  on the subject) discussion of the meanings of the word “justice.”  The third chapter looks at the function and impact of metaphor, especially in  relation to biblical language. It suggests that a significant reason for the  ascendance of justice in the Western church lies in the historical use of, and the  eventual “hardening” of, certain biblical metaphors—a process aided by the  specific ways in which the biblical words studied here (and several others) have  been translated into Greek, into Latin, and thence into English. These forces and  factors have resulted, it is suggested, in the establishment of a forensic paradigm,  out of which the Western Christian church has long operated, a paradigm that is  essentially hospitable to justice and hostile to righteousness.  Chapter 4 discusses the possibility that the notion of righteousness has, in fact,  collapsed, and been collapsed, into the notion of justice, and that this event was  preceded by the collapse of the notion of mercy into justice, and then of aÓga¿ph  into justice. The suggestion is made that this collapse of righteousness into justice  is in reality a category mistake, a confusion of logical types, and that  righteousness (and behind it, dikaiosu/nh and qdx) are, in reality, best  understood as ethically contentless. The final chapter asks what difference all of  this might make “on the ground,” i.e., in and to the life of the church and  individual Christians, and it identifies questions for further exploration.

abstract: Acadia Divinity College


title: The structure of freshwater and diadromous fish assemblages in Nova Scotia rivers and lakes and the contribution of non-native piscivorous fish to fish assemblage structure using historical data

contributor:
Quinn, Danielle E.A. (author)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
(Gibson, Jamie) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: The primary objectives of this study were to quantify changes in catch-per-unit-area (CPUA) of freshwater and diadromous fish species, characterize freshwater and diadromous fish assemblages and evaluate the effects of non-native piscivores on fish assemblage structure in Nova Scotia using historical data provided by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Nova Scotia Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Changes in CPUA of freshwater and diadromous fish species were modeled over time using negative binomial generalized linear models. Assemblages were characterized using ecological community indices, and non-parametric statistical analyses were used to assess potential contributions of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) to assemblage structure. Nearly 40% of rivers analyzed had significant declines in CPUA of several species, with American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) accounting for more than 50% of all declines. Smallmouth bass may negatively influence Atlantic salmon, chub and killifish CPUA and Atlantic salmon rank (of abundance) over time. Observed species richness and diversity were significantly lower in LaHave River surveys without smallmouth bass than surveys with them. Freshwater fish assemblages in the rivers and lakes of Nova Scotia have significantly changed over time. The significance of small-bodied species may be overlooked in the literature, and their influence on overall ecosystem processes should be examined more closely. The data sets are thought to underestimate smallmouth bass distribution in both rivers and lakes in Nova Scotia.

abstract: Biology


title: The end of Acts 28 and the fate of the historical Apostle Paul

contributor:
Armstrong, Karl L. (author)
(Evans, Craig) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: The purpose of this study will be to investigate the end of Acts 28 and the fate of the historical Apostle Paul. The primary reason for this study is due to the famous historical ambiguity associated with Paul’s fate following Acts 28. Initially, this thesis examines the widespread ambiguity and assumptions concerning Paul’s fate that exist among both modern and ancient writers. Accordingly, the various theological and literary explanations advanced by these scholars are examined in light of Acts and the significant historical events that shaped Christian, Jewish and Roman history.  Consequently, this study proposes that Luke was completely unaware of Paul’s death at the time of his writing Luke-Acts. This proposition is supported both internally by examining the language of Acts in the context of Rome, and externally by investigating the epic events that occurred in A.D. 64 and beyond. Furthermore, this study also proposes that Paul’s situation at the end of Acts is not a literary fabrication, but an authentic historical account that reflects the contemporary legal and business language of Rome in Paul’s day. Simultaneously, while addressing the critical issue of chronology, this study further proposes that Luke-Acts was written no later than A.D. 64. Finally, the historic tradition of Paul’s trial, martyrdom, and burial in Rome is summarily discussed and affirmed.

abstract: Acadia Divinity College


title: The WoW factor: The development of social solidarity in Azeroth

contributor:
Sapach, Sonja Christina (author)
(Horgan, Mervyn) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: This participant observation-style virtual ethnography investigates the  development of social solidarity in the virtual world of Azeroth, from the Massively  Multiplayer Online Role-playing Game World of Warcraft. Data gathered through open  and closed coding of 407 hours of field observations and 10 semi-structured interviews  support the hypothesis that the collective celebration of sacred 'things' through  participation in ritualized behaviour within the magic circle of the game, both develops  and maintains in-game solidarity. In addition, five 'ideal' types of interaction are  identified: Breaching, 1-Upping, Supportive Interactions, Sociability Seeking, and Silent  Performance. These not only work to reinforce/demonstrate the existence of solidarity in  Azeroth, but will be useful in making cross-context/cross-game comparisons of player  interaction styles in future studies.

abstract: Politics


title: Redefining the self: Depicting nature and the construction of identity in the poetry of Anne Michaels and John Steffler

contributor:
Keeler, Breanna (author)
(La Rocque, Lance) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: This thesis utilizes ecocritical and ecofeminist theory to compare the depictions of  landscape presented in the poetry of John Steffler and Anne Michaels and examine the  consequences of these depictions in terms of the formation of personal identity. Chapter  One employs ecofeminist views on the connection between the treatment of women and  treatment of nature to provide a framework in which to examine the interpersonal  relationships depicted in the poems. Chapter Two explores the discourses on nature that  Steffler and Michaels employ in their works. Steffler operates out of a discourse based on  dominance and hierarchy in which the self is defined in opposition to nonhuman nature.  Michaels, alternatively, works with a discourse based on connection and therefore the self  is defined in concert with nonhuman nature in her works. Chapter Three examines the  ways that Steffler and Michaels’ narrators interact with history as contained in both  human constructions and the nonhuman landscape. In both Steffler and Michaels’  philosophies, history and memory play an important role in creating personal identity. For  Steffler, history primarily consists of facts and figures, while for Michaels it primarily  consists of narrative. Steffler’s narrators distance themselves from the history they find in  nonhuman nature, preferring to engage with and define themselves by way of the history  they find in human-made structures. Michaels’ narrators acknowledge history found in  human-made structures, but engage far more frequently with history found in nonhuman  nature. Ultimately, Michaels creates an alternative to the traditional approach to the  human-nonhuman relationship which is demonstrated in Steffler’s works.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Cultural tourism development and the Mosuo people in Lugu Lake, China

contributor:
Liu, Ziwei (author)
(Colton, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: Cultural  tourism  is  an  increasingly  attractive  economic  development  opportunity  for  many  communities  throughout  China.  Many  different  cultures  exist  throughout  China,  offering  a  wide  range  of  opportunities  for  developing  cultural  tourism  programs.  Areas  rich  in  culture  with  significant  natural  attractions  are  particularly  well  positioned  to  attract  cultural  tourists.  This  thesis  provides  insights  on  how  the  Mosuo  community  utilizes  their  natural  and  cultural  resources  to  develop  cultural  tourism  and  how  tourism  impacts  the  overall  development  of  the  Lugu  Lake  area.  Since  the  establishment  of  the  Lugu  Lake  Management  Committee  in  2004,  tourism  development  has  changed  in  this  area.  As  the  local  highest  government  body,  the  committee  plays  a  significant  role  in  promoting  the  development  of  the  whole  community.  This  study  provides  a  better  understanding  of  the  relationship  between  cultural  tourism  development  and  the  Mosuo  people  in  Lugu  Lake.  The  qualitative  data  were  gathered  from  eighteen  formal  interviews,  participant  observation,  and  field  journals.  The  results  reveal  (1)  how  Mosuo  culture  is  represented  in  tourism;  (2)  how  the  local  government  impacts  tourism  development;  and  (3)  how  tourism  impacts  the  whole  community’s  development.  The  discussion  provides  further  insights  about  how  these  factors  are  important  for  the  community’s  development.  The  conclusions  and  the  recommendations  reflect  the  importance  of  the  environment  and  the  unique  culture  to  the  development  and  sustainability  of  cultural  tourism,  and  its  continued  role  as  the  driver  of  development  in  Lugu  Lake.

abstract: Community Development


title: Hydrogen peroxide treatment of fresh-cut spinach (Spinicia oleracea L.) and its effects on microbiological and quality parameters

contributor:
Fisher, Megan Leigh Anne (author)
(Hodges, D.M.) (Thesis advisor)
(Bezanson, Greg) (Thesis advisor)
(Kristie, David) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: Post-harvest washes are used to maintain the quality of fresh, minimally processed, leafy vegetables and often to mitigate infectious disease risks associated with their consumption. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) displays potential in these regards. Using field-grown (FG), chamber-grown (CG), and retail packaged (PK) spinach, the impact of aqueous H2O2 on i) visual quality, firmness, and nutritional components of detached spinach leaves, and ii) survival (sanitization capacity) and persistence (outgrowth control) of native phylloepiphytic bacteria and introduced E. coli O157:H7 strain (ATCC 700728Na) was determined. Exposure to 1.0% H2O2 for 2.5 minutes best maintained visual quality, enhanced firmness, and, did not affect the overall nutritional contents (bioactive compounds) of treated spinach from either CG or FG leaves during dark storage at 10°C. Culturable epiphytic bacteria were neither reduced nor enhanced under the same conditions in FG or PK spinach. Reductions in the E. coli surrogate populations, of 0.75, 2.03, 4.25 log were obtained with PK, FG, and CG spinach, respectively following a 3 hour association period with the leaf surface. When association of E. coli with the leaves was prolonged to 72 hours, H2O2 was more effective on FG leaves (5 log reduction). Peroxide-mediated effects on E. coli outgrowth were observed with CG spinach only. Exposure to peroxide better maintains sensory quality parameters of spinach while reducing pathogenic E. coli populations. Differences in epiphyte densities and composition, cultivated variety, and production histories associated with CG, FG, and PK leaves may, in part, account for the variations in behaviour between H2O2-treated leaves from differing sources.

abstract: Biology


title: Metaphysicians of modernity: Colin Gunton and George P. Grant confront the Zeitgeist

contributor:
Daggett, Arthur Gregory (author)
(Brackney, William) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2913

abstract: This thesis explores the life and thought of Colin Gunton (1941-2003) and George Parkin Grant (1918-1988), and is a comparison of Colin Gunton’s and George P. Grant’s conceptions of modernity, their critiques of modernity, and their remedies for the problems of modernity. Chapter one outlines Colin Gunton’s life and context, and explores his Trinitarian theological project with special attention given to his doctrine of the Holy Spirit. Chapter two explores the question ‘What is Modernity?’, then explains Colin Gunton’s conception and critique of modernity. Chapter three outlines George P. Grant’s life, his conception and critique of modernity, and his remedy for its problems. Chapter four compares their conceptions, critiques and remedies for modernity, 2  highlights some of the strengths and weaknesses in their respective treatments, and suggests a constructive synthesis of their work.

abstract: Acadia Divinity College


title: An exegesis of First Corinthians 7: 10-16 and Matthew 18: 15-20 in light of remarriage in the contemporary Christian community of faith

contributor:
Shekari, Elkanah Kuzahyet-Buki (author)
(Evans, Craig) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: Both Paul and Matthew responded to the spiritual needs of their different faith communities in the first century. In regards to the marriage, divorce and remarriage Paul states in 1 Corinthians 7 that a Christian couple should neither divorce nor separate; however if it happens they should remain unmarried or else reconciled (vv. 10–11). To a mixed couple he said the believing spouse should not divorce the unbelieving spouse (vv. 12–13). He mentions the rationale why the believing spouse should remain with the unbelieving one if he or she agrees to remain also (vv. 14, 15c–16). Nonetheless if the unbelieving spouse decides to separate or divorce the believing one, the believer is not under bondage to the marriage covenant anymore (v. 15a–b). The Pauline treatment of the subject asks the questions: what does it mean not to be under bondage? Who is an unbeliever? Or even what does it mean to be an unbeliever?  While in regards to relationship, Matthew provides steps for solving relationships in crisis to a troubled faith community that is either Jewish or predominantly so. In response he outlines a three level solution to solving the problem: the offended should confront the offender in love in order to solve their crisis; if it fails the offended should invite witnesses and with him meet with the offender; and finally, the faith community or Church should be involved in solving the problem. The three levels are put in place in order to restore to fellowship the sinning member of the community. However if he or she persists on his or her sinful state by refusing reconciliation and restoration, then the community of faith is mandated to cast him or her out of its fellowship. The Matthean text asks the questions: would a brother or sister in the faith community behave that way? Does his or her character or attitude portray that of a ‗true‘ disciple of Christ? vi  There are several commentaries and studies on the above texts, which show that scholars hardly associate the Matthean pericope with marriage, divorce and remarriage while they also disagree over how the 1 Corinthians‘ text is understood particularly in respect to what it means that the believing spouse is not under bondage. Nevertheless Paul and Matthew leave us with important questions to answer; the ones of which interest this research is: does Paul‘s advice on marriage, divorce and remarriage in 1 Corinthians 7:10–16 and Jesus‘ teaching on discipline, reconciliation and restoration when someone offends or wrongs another in a faith community or Church in Matthew 18:15–20 relate in some way? And if yes, how might they relate? And if we do relate them, what insight might come out of it for some contemporary faith communities in respect to marriage, divorce and remarriage?

abstract: Acadia Divinity College


title: Casualties of war: The ripple effect of inner city violence on church and community

contributor:
Britton, Rhonda Y. (author)
(Brackney, William) (Thesis advisor)
(Committee member)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: This work is an exploration of street violence in an inner city community, particularly as it relates to African Nova Scotians in North Central Halifax. The researcher’s aim is to gain an understanding of the determinants of violent behavior so that strategies may be employed to address the determinants and thus reduce the violence. The discussion centers on the particular case of a young man who was both a perpetrator and victim of violence. Ethnographical methodology is used as the means of gathering the case information. The researcher enters into the life and circumstances of the case subject to extract and analyze information, drawing conclusions that may help in the development of ministry approaches to inner city violence.  The work begins with an auto-biography of the researcher and how she came to be interested in this work and then moves to the theological basis of concern and why finding methods to address violence should be a priority of the church. The researcher shares the background of the area of study from a historical perspective, specifically focusing on the deep-rootedness of societal dysfunction, including systemic racism, and with that knowledge presents a case as a typology of the casualties of the war that is claiming the lives of those that are marginalized in the city. The case is presented as a microcosm, examined through an analytical and theological lens, to draw conclusions about the state of the inner city and its challenges. Strategies are then suggested to help other churches facing similar challenges.

abstract: Acadia Divinity College


title: Adult attachment styles as predictors of pain experience in a social context

contributor:
Kitchener, Hilary M. (author)
(Holmberg, Diane) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2013

abstract: Our attachment characteristics influence our appraisals and responses to threats, such as  pain, and colour how we provide care to others in return. The current study explored  whether adult attachment styles predicted how people experienced and signaled acute  pain during an experimental pain task, and whether those effects varied according to the  presence of a close other. Friendship-specific attachment was assessed. Ninety-six friend  pairs were recruited to complete a standardized cold pressor pain task in one of two  conditions: with a close friend present in the room or absent. More avoidant volunteers  displayed higher levels of pain tolerance when in the presence of a close friend.  Volunteers also tended to report lower pain intensity when with preoccupied friends.  Finally, a significant three-way interaction was observed between friend attachment  anxiety, friend attachment avoidance, and condition. The presence and attachment style  of close others may play a role in individuals’ adjustment to pain.

abstract: Psychology


title: The comprehensive guidance and counselling program in Nova Scotia: School counsellors' perspectives

contributor:
Stewart, Janet Mae (author)
(Sumarah, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Participating in counselling programs in Nova Scotia led this author to a review of the Comprehensive Guidance and Counselling Program model ( CGCP) ( 2002). Counsellors in 3 school boards ( who approved requests for participation) completed 24 questionnaires and ten interviews were conducted to determine successful components of school counselling programs as well as to identify any relevant issues. A review of past evaluations of counselling programs, particularly those by John Sumarah and Ron Lehr, led to conclusions that issues presented by counsellors in 2008 have not changed much over the past six years. In addition, a review of Tom Brown‟ s ( 1980) “ Final Report: National Survey of Counsellor Role” completed almost thirty years ago indicates that counsellors have had issues about “ time and lack of administrator support” for three decades. Although the CGCP model may theoretically offer a " best practice" for counselling in schools, the model has not reached its potential.

abstract: Education


title: Must a good God be moral?: An exploration of Agatheism

contributor:
Ashfield, Michael Douglas (author)
(Brackney, William) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: In philosophical and theological discourse alike, the God of theism is traditionally  understood to be perfectly good or omnibenevolent: a belief known as agatheism. This  assignation of the attribute of goodness is typically assumed to imply God’s moral  perfection. Part I briefly discusses this philosophical development, and then explores the  nature of morality, arriving at a workable model of moral perfection. However, in Part II,  it is demonstrated that such a moral understanding of divine goodness raises some  insurmountable problems for theism, including the logical and evidential problems of  evil, and the moral argument for atheism. Furthermore, the moral arguments for theism,  advanced by some prominent thinkers, are of no help in rescuing moral agatheism.  Consequently, if the positive belief in agatheism is to be retained, and not merely  abandoned in favor of an assertion of mystery, the theist must discard the moral  understanding of agatheism and identify some alternative human concept, which both  warrants the name of ‘ goodness’ and renders agatheism at least partially intelligible.  Accordingly, in Part III, a case is made for an alternative account of agatheism, based on  Christianity’s relational understanding of God’s completely self- giving, other- affirming  love ( i. e. agape).

abstract: Acadia Divinity College


title: Homeward "bound": Discourses, spaces and reconciliation in Joy Kogawa's Obasan and Daphne Marlatt's Ana Historic

contributor:
Damour, Michelle K. (author)
(Vincent, Kerry) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: This study explores Joy Kogawa‟ s Obasan and Daphne Marlatt‟ s Ana Historic as narrative spaces wherein the imperfections of a fixed narrative of security is exposed, revealing the paradoxes of contaminated discourses. Using postmodern, postcolonial and feminist theories, I examine how Naomi, in Obasan, who experienced internment in Canada during her childhood in the 1940s, and Annie, in Ana Historic, who lives with the legacy of a colonial and settler enterprise, journey towards understanding their identities as necessarily paradoxical due to varying historical conditions and social contradictions. I look first at the historical documents both authors include in their novels to explore the interactions between controlling discourses and the voices they attempt to efface, and second at the home as the space wherein historical and social paradoxes play out. Ultimately, I read both novels as concluding with purposely irreconcilable narratives that illustrate the importance of witnessing contaminations and contradictions.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Design, synthesis and bioevaluation of novel potential anticancer prodrugs and condensation reactions of pyridine carboxaldehydes on 2 - tetralones

contributor:
Potter, Elizabeth (author)
(Jha, Amitabh) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: The first chapter investigates two novel series of3,5-bisarylmethylene-4-piperidone derivatives conjugated with micronutrients. The amino acid ester and fatty  acid conjugates are designed to impart selectivity and enhance delivery. These compounds, prepared as anticancer agents, may demonstrate enhanced selectivity  toward malignant cells through the inhibition of topoisomerase IIα. The inhibitory effects of 28a-c and 29a-h were evaluated against three cell lines: murine L1210 leukemia cells, human Molt 4/C8 and CEM T-lymphocyte cells. All compounds were found to have greater potency than Alkeran®, and 29a-h were found to have nanomolar activity. Compounds 28c and 29a-h were found to inhibit topoisomerase IIα, while 28a,b were inactive at all concentrations employed. Twenty-five fatty acid conjugates were also synthesized and are pending bioevaluation.  The second chapter describes a synthetic endeavour towards synthesis of 1-  (pyridinyl)methyl-2-naphthols employing an unusual pathway. The reaction of 2/4-pyridine carboxaldehyes with 2-tetralone analogs in the presence of catalytic amounts of Pd/C and trimethylsilyl chloride in DMF resulted in the formation of 1-(pyridin-2/4-ylmethyl)-2-naphthols in moderate to good yields, as opposed to the expected 1-(pyridin-2/4-ylmethylene)-2-tetralones. 3-Pyridine carboxaldehyde, however, formed 1-(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)-2-tetralones with 2-tetralone analogs under similar conditions. When representative reactions were repeated in the presence of anhydrous HCl gas in acetic acid, including one with 3-pyridine carboxaldehyde, 1-(pyridinylmethyl)-2-naphthols were the only products obtained with significantly improved yields. A possible mechanism explaining these results is discussed.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Topological properties of tiles and digit sets

contributor:
Laarakker, Avra Sohia Saskia (author)
(Curry, Eva) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: This thesis investigates topological properties of tiles, T(A;D), arising from iterated  function systems generated by dilation matrices, A, and associated digit sets,  D. We develop a new method for investigating connectedness of T(A;D) via level  sets of the digit set and matrix similarity. We conjecture that there exists digit  set DA for any dilation matrix A, for which T(A;DA) is connected. We prove  this conjecture for several important cases. While it has previously been shown  in the two dimensional case that digit sets exist for which T(A;D) is connected  [5], we provide a new, constructive method that we expect will easily generalize  to higher dimensions, where no results of this form are currently known.  We also develop new computational tools for investigating tiles T(A;D), including  an implementation of the neighbour-nding algorithm of Scheicher and Thuswaldner  [20].

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Query classification based on a new query expansion approach

contributor:
Shujie, Li (author)
(Chipman, Hugh) (Thesis advisor)
(Ranjan, Pritam) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Query classification is an important and yet challenging problem for the search engine  industry and e-commerce companies. In this thesis, I develop a query classification  system based on a novel query expansion approach and classification methods. The  proposed methodology is used to classify queries based on a taxonomy (a database of  words and their corresponding topic classification). The taxonomy used was obtained  from GenieKnows, a vertical search engine company in Halifax, Canada.  The query classification system can be divided into three phases: feature selection,  query expansion, and query classification. The rst phase uses a chi-square statistic  to select a subset of \feature words" from the GenieKnows taxonomy; the second  phase uses cosine similarity and Kullback-Leibler divergence to nd \feature words"  similar to the query for query expansion; and nally the third phase introduces three  classication methods: naive Bayes multinomial model, naive Bayes Bernoulli model  and Dirichlet/multinomial model to classify the expanded queries.  Results from the KDD-Cup 2005 competition are used to test the performance of the  proposed query classification system. The experiment shows that the performance of  the query classification system is quite good.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Restorative justice and sexual assault in Nova Scotia: Why is the door ajar?

contributor:
MacDougall, Lisa Dawn (author)
(Thomson, Tony) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278

abstract: Restorative justice has gained wide appeal as an alternative form of justice that offers youth the opportunity to take responsibility for wrongdoing and make amends to victims. As the popularity of this approach increases, new and controversial applications have spawned a significant body of literature. Among the contested applications is the use of restorative justice for sexual assault and partner violence. Sexual violence against women is of particular concern as the conventional criminal justice system may be viewed as a patriarchal institution that only perpetuates the myths and stereotypes surrounding these crimes. Published literature on the use of restorative justice for sexual offences/partner violence is mostly theoretical and refrains from drawing any firm conclusions; however, the door is consistently left ajar for further discussion and research. In Nova Scotia, as in many other jurisdictions worldwide, a moratorium prevents the Nova Scotia Restorative Justice program from handling such cases. This thesis examines the potential harms and benefits of extending restorative justice to sexual assault/partner violence. Open-ended interviews were conducted with eight respondents, three from positions within the Nova Scotia Restorative Justice program, three from the criminal justice system, and two respondents who were women‟s or victim‟s advocates. This thesis comes to the conclusion that the door must remain open for further discussion about the role of restorative justice in cases of sexual assault and the generation of research must proceed, albeit with caution and input from feminist organizations and women‟s advocates.

abstract: Sociology


title: A classification of coastal inlets of mainland Nova Scotia, using geophysical information to define ecological representation and to evaluate existing and proposed protected areas

contributor:
Greenlaw, Michelle Elaine (author)
(Roff, John) (Thesis advisor)
(Webster, Tim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Selection of candidate sites for designation as Marine Protected Areas ( MPAs) in coastal waters still involves many arbitrary choices. Analysis of candidate sites, according to a combination of geophysical and ecological criteria, can lead to the recognition of representative coastal areas, and potentially reduce the arbitrary nature of these decisions. In coastal areas, estuaries have long been classified according to their geophysical properties. While bays and coves are as diverse ( or more) in character, existing classifications are dependant largely upon descriptions of the benthic communities themselves and take little advantage of existing hydrographic and digital geographic information.  This thesis presents a classification of coastal marine inlet types designed to predict biological community patterns, including specific community types and α and β- diversity patterns. The classification is based on GIS analysis of existing digital hydrographic and associated data, and uses fuzzy cluster analysis to deal with uncertainty and intermediate types in the classification. This fuzzy inlet classification method was applied to Nova Scotia‟ s Atlantic shoreline although this method could easily be applied globally to determine which inlet types are naturally repeating in each region of interest. On Nova Scotia‟ s Atlantic shoreline, inlets fall into three primary categories and 17 recognizable inlet types, with intermediates quantified using a fuzzy classification.  Inlet types identified were then compared to the current and proposed protected areas along the Nova Scotia Atlantic shoreline to determine how well each inlet type is represented in the current and proposed protection scheme. Only 2% of the area of inlets on the Atlantic shoreline of Nova Scotia is currently protected, although 14% of the shoreline length is protected. The intermediate benthic estuary type was the only inlet type that was well protected ( according to IUCN conservation objectives of 10%), with 58% of its area protected under the current protection scheme, while ten of the inlets had over 10% of their shoreline protected. Proposed protected areas ( DFO‟ s Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas) are currently biased towards large bays and estuaries.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Comparative MADS-box gene expression in Physocarpus opulifolius (Rosaceae)

contributor:
Kerr, Tyson Cortland Campbell (author)
(Evans, Rodger) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: Floral homeotic genes are involved in specifying the location and identity of floral organs in  angiosperm flowers. These genes, the majority of which are MIKC- type MADS- box genes, fall  in the middle of a hierarchy of genes responsible for floral development. The Rose family  ( Rosaceae) contains many commercially important species. The expression pattern of floral  organ identity genes is still not clearly understood in the few Rosaceae taxa studied to date. This  research seeks to determine expression patterns of B- and C- class MADS- box genes in  Physocarpus opulifolius. Inflorescences at various stages of development were embedded in  paraffin wax and thin- sectioned prior to in situ- hybridization probing with DIG- labelled  Physocarpus opulifolius specific B- and C- class genes.  B- class gene expression largely reflected that observed in previous studies, however,  two unexpected expression patterns were found. B- class genes exhibited tissue specific  differential expression in developing anthers, and were expressed in initiated ovules. PI  homologs were restricted to layers outside those involved in microsporogenesis, but euAP3 and  TM6 homologs were confined to developing sporogenous tissues. All three B- class genes were  found to be expressed in developing placental and ovule tissue. AG exhibited expression  patterns similar to that seen in previous studies; in the stamens, carpels and ovules. These  findings indicate that the B- class genes may be involved in the development of the female  reproductive organs, and, that they may play a role in tissue differentiation, in addition to organ  initiation in Rosaceae flowers.

abstract: Biology


title: Noncommutative Grobner basis cryptosystems

contributor:
Mandryk, Natasha Sarai (author)
(Hooper, Jeff) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: A noncommutative version of the Grobner basis Polly Cracker cryptosystem was  proposed in a doctoral thesis by Rai, \Innite Grobner Bases And Noncommutative  Polly Cracker Cryptosystems." The description includes a conjecture designed to  identify good sources of cryptographically suitable keys. We review the algebraic  theory underpinning Grobner basis cryptosystems and describe the various systems  that have been proposed. We discuss known attacks on these systems and the countermeasures  to defend against their use. Rai's conjecture, designed to counter the  problem of having a public key generating an ideal for which a Grobner basis can be  found, is the focus of our work. Through computations using GAP software, we explore  the viability of this conjecture. The results demonstrate that generating keys at  random is not likely to produce suitable results; conversely, following the constraints  recommended by Rai is computationally straightforward and produces useful keys.  Attempts to nd Grobner bases for ideals generated by keys constructed using this  method did not succeed.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Workplace incivility and organizational outcomes: Is the quality of social relationships at work important for employee attitudes, behaviours, and mental health?

contributor:
Turner, Karen (author)
(Leiter, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Workplace incivility is a relatively recently explored social phenomenon. The current study aimed to support previous findings indicating that workplace incivility is negatively related to employee and organizational well-being. This study expanded the evaluation of workplace incivility to include supervisor, coworker, and instigated incivility as separate constructs of workplace incivility. Nurses in Ontario and Nova Scotia completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of workplace incivility, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, mental health, and manageable workload. Factor analysis results indicated that supervisor, coworker, and instigated incivility were indeed separate constructs. Hierarchical multiple regressions confirmed that supervisor and coworker incivility were significant predictors of job satisfaction, turnover intentions, employee mental health symptoms, and instigated incivility. Furthermore, job satisfaction mediated the relationship between workplace incivility and turnover intentions. The findings have implications for research and interventions to improve employee communication and develop an organizational culture with clear norms of civility and respect in the workplace.

abstract: Psychology


title: Risk management in Canadian post-secondary outdoor adventure education

contributor:
Martin, Jeffrey Brian (author)
(Bissix, Glyn) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The primary focus of this study was to analyze Canadian post- secondary outdoor adventure education program‟ s risk management practices to identify a set of best practices in outdoor adventure education risk management. A purposive sampling technique was used to identify over forty such programs in Canada that currently offer a range of programs in outdoor adventure education. This study used both qualitative and quantitative techniques to obtain data that allowed for an in- depth scan of the scope of risk mangement practices. The data collected from the web- based surveys and the in- depth interviews, which included input from program administrators, instructors, students and graduates, was analyzed to identify best practices in post- secondary outdoor adventure education risk management. This study recommends 27 best practices derived from the study. They cover a number of areas such as program development, staff development, risk management planning, communication and fostering risk management in students.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: The effects of CaCO3 and the mycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphus ericae on the growth of the Himalayan blueberry Vaccinium gaultheriifolium

contributor:
Al Fikieh, Khalid (author)
(Kristie, David) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The Himalayan blueberry, Vaccinium gaultheriifolium (Ericaceae), was studied in vitro to  examine the effects of varying concentrations (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/L) of calcium  carbonate (lime) added to media in the presence or absence of the Ericoid mycorrhizal  fungus Hymenoschyphus ericae, on seedling growth. The effects of various amounts of  lime and initial medium pH on growth of H. ericae in axenic culture in liquid media were  also examined. In the absence of the fungus, all seedling growth parameters (dry weight,  fresh weight, number of shoots, number of leaves, and seedling height) were significantly  reduced at high lime concentrations (500 and 1000 mg/l). In the presence of the fungus,  seedling height was also reduced by high lime, however there were no significant effects  of varying lime levels on the other four growth parameters. For dry weight, fresh weight,  number of shoots and number of leaves, there was an interaction between nonmycorrhizal  versus mycorrhizal plants and lime level, such that, at low lime, nonmycorrhizal  plants tended to grow better than mycorrhizal while at high lime,  mycorrhizal plants tended to do better. Non-mycorrhizal seedlings had conspicuously  short internodes and were shorter than mycorrhizal seedlings at all lime levels, and could  be classified as dwarfs. Growth of the fungus H. ericae in axenic culture was not greatly  affected by initial media pH or by lime level. The fungus showed high tolerance to lime,  with growth occurring even at 3000 mg/l lime on solid media. Overall, this study  indicates that in vitro, mycorrhizal fungi can benefit the growth of blueberry V.  gaultheriifolium under high concentration of lime.

abstract: Biology


title: Post-glacial climate change and its effect on the thermal structure and habitat of a shallow dimictic lake, Nova Scotia, Canada: A chemostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic investigation

contributor:
Lennox, Brent (author)
(Spooner, Ian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: To provide context for recent loss of cold-water habitat for brook trout  (Salvelinus fontinalis) in shallow (< 6 m av. depth), dimictic lakes in Nova Scotia,  Canada, a high resolution (decadal-centennial scale) and well-dated (7 14C and 1 137Cs  dates) record of post-glacial climate change has been reconstructed for Canoran Lake,  a shallow lake that has been stocked with brook trout in the past. This study is a  pioneering attempt to quantify hypolimnetic conditions using 15N, 13C, HI, %C,  magnetic susceptibility, and pollen.  Canoran Lake reacted strongly to rapid cooling events including the Younger  Dryas. The climate during the Early and Late Hypsithermal (~11500 â€“ 8500 cal. yr  BP and ~8000 - 3500 cal. yr BP, respectfully) was stable, warm, and dry. The Early  Hypsithermal was interrupted by minor increase in clastic input between 9100 and  8500 cal. yr BP but 15N, 13C, and HI values imply that the lithostratigraphic  response is not indicative of climatic-induced change; the cause remains enigmatic.  The proxy response between 8500 and 8000 cal. yr BP is interpreted to be due to the  southward displacement of the polar jet stream that is coincident with the 8.2 kyr  event. The 5500 cal. yr BP hemlock decline recorded in the pollen record is not  coincident with drought-like conditions and a pathogen attack is likely. The Late  Hypsithermal was followed by a subtle increase in precipitation and cooler air  temperatures, which marked the onset of the Post-Hypsithermal (~3500 cal. yr BP â€“  AD 1200). The proxy response during the Medieval Warm Period (~AD 1200 â€“ AD  1550) was a smaller-magnitude equivalent of the 8.2 kyr event and was followed by  an increase in precipitation during the Little Ice Age (AD 1550 â€“ present). The lake  was anthropogenically acidified from ~1860 â€“ present; consequently, the proxy trends  were neutral and did not react to modern climate change.  Post-glacial habitat quality and quantity for brook trout has been highly  variable, and dependent on air temperature and effective moisture (precipitation â€“  evapotranspiration). Air temperature change strongly affected the quality of brook  trout habitat (water temperatures (13C) and hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen  concentrations (HI)). The quantity of brook trout habitat was predominantly  controlled by effective moisture and ultimately lake levels (15N; C/N ratios; %C).

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Aspects of the cops and robber game played with incomplete information

contributor:
Jeliazkova, Diana (author)
(Clarke, Nancy) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: This thesis explores a modified version of the Cops and Robber game, which itself is a discrete version of searching networks. In this version of the game, there are two cops playing with partial information provided by various types of technology. There are two types of information available, that which is provided via devices placed on selected edges of a graph, and that provided via devices placed on selected vertices. Since the information may or may not indicate the robber's direction in addition to his position, the problem can be divided into four cases.  The thesis focuses on finding bounds for the amount of such information required  by two cops to guarantee the capture of the robber on copwin graphs. Schemes for placing devices on graphs, together with corresponding strategies which the  cops need to follow, are given. More localized and much more efficient schemes for placing devices on full complete k-ary trees, where k Â¸ 2, are also given. Much  work has been done on this problem when only one cop is in pursuit of the robber, which allows for a comparison of the performance of one cop versus that of two cops when playing on the same graph. Finally, another variation of the game is explored, where either one or two cops play with partial information as well as visibility one, which allows the cops to Â“seeÂ” all neighboring vertices. Some preliminary results on searching graphs, particularly trees, are given for one and two cops playing with visibility zero or one.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Classification models for transactional graph data

contributor:
Nahm, Erika Shun-Mee (author)
(Chipman, Hugh) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: Of primary interest in this thesis is the general supervised learning problem of  studying communication patterns and classifying data on graph networks. Consider  the nodes on a graph as communicators, and edges on this graph as messages  sent/received between unique nodes. We describe this graph data using summarized  features derived from our graph for each node. We then consider 2-class classification,  using our features to determine whether or not a node belongs to some class of interest.  We consider several sub-problems, including feature selection, and â€œunbalancedâ€  2-class classification, in which one rare class is of special interest.  A concrete example using e-mails related to the Enron scandal will be used to  highlight these techniques. Our results show that a handful of features is enough to  provide adequate models and that techniques such as random forests and boosted  trees prove to be good classifiers, as measured by misclassification rate. A second  dataset corresponding to the unbalanced case is also considered. Again, a small  number of features could be used to produce accurate predictions, as measured by  the area under a lift curve.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Environmental limitations of two rare Atlantic Coastal Plain flora species and the impact of hydrological alterations

contributor:
Lusk, Jennifer Mary-Jane (author)
(Reekie, Edward) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: Nova Scotia is home to the northern-most disjunct populations of Atlantic Coastal Plain  flora species, 11 of which are listed as species at risk by the Committee on the Status of  Endangered Wildlife in Canada. This study examined variables that may be limiting the  rare elements of this flora in hopes of establishing why they have not expanded to utilize  other lakes that appear to be good habitat, including dam reservoir lakes, and how we  might alter the management of water levels at reservoir lakes to improve habitat quality  there. Two transplant experiments were conducted to examine environmental variables  that may be limiting two of the at risk species, Coreopsis rosea Nutt. and Hydrocotyle  umbellata L. The first experiment was to determine the effect of growing season length  and involved three treatments: time of planting (June, July or August), depth on the  shoreline, and water fluctuation regime (three different lakes). The second experiment  examined the effect of environmental variables including substrate, vegetation cover, soil  moisture, temperature, and water quality. I found that establishment time, flooding, and  soil nutrient holding capacity appear to limit both species. The effect of unseasonable  flooding was similar to the effect of later establishment in reducing biomass and  flowering. Growth and survival were poor under constant flooding. Earlier  establishment resulted in slightly higher survival under poor conditions. C. rosea, the  upper shoreline specie, though superior in its cold tolerance, had inferior mechanisms for  adjusting to flooded conditions in comparison with H. umbellata, the lower shoreline  species. At reservoirs, higher fall water levels would prevent cold damage, earlier spring  draw down would reduce flood stress, and opening the dam during periods of high  precipitation would avoid plant damage due to unseasonable flooding.

abstract: Biology


title: An investigation of recreation and cohesion in isolated communities

contributor:
Oncescu, Jacquelyn Mary (author)
(Robertson, Brenda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: This study sought to explore the relationships between recreation and social cohesion within an isolated island community. A downturn in the fishery has caused a diversification of the economy with the introduction of tourism based industry. In order to understand the nature of social cohesion and recreation, life in the community was investigated before the economic change took place as well as in the present. Multiple methods of data collection were employed including interviews with key sector stakeholders, focus groups with relative newcomers to the community, a household survey, along with a review of documentation  reflecting the social life of the community.  The results indicated that during the past 30 years, there has been a  considerable decline in both the availability of recreation within the community as well as in community cohesion. Despite being a small community with a limited population it appears as though it is lacking in vehicles to bring the community together a service once provided by women volunteers who organized recreation activities. Economic and social change has limited the time available for women to  provide community events, and those with the time have not been empowered to assume the responsibility.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Within peatland spatial structuring and the influence of the matrix on between peatland movement of the dragonfly, Leucorrhinia hudsonica in western Newfoundland

contributor:
Chin, Krista S. (author)
(Taylor, Phil) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: It is important to quantify how species respond to landscape change. I examined the influence of fine and broad scale structures on the distribution and movements of the peatland dragonfly, Leucorrhinia hudsonica in Newfoundland using mark-recapture techniques.  Within peatlands there was a positive, non-linear relationship between pool size and number of male L. hudsonica. Results suggested that net movement distances were random at small scales, but less than expected at larger scales. Large pools are preferred oviposition sites, and were the focus of male territorial activity, though most territories encompassed a number of adjacent pools.  At the landscape scale, there was more emigration out of peatlands having less water. Though ambiguous, model selection indicated that forest impeded movement more than clearcut or scrub matrix, and that scrub facilitated movement. There was an interaction between matrix type and distance between peatlands; indicating that movement of males through the matrix may not be a simple function of habitat permeability. Rather, it may be influenced by the different behaviours affecting decisions at different spatial scales.

abstract: Biology


title: Metric development for medication compliance using a distribution approach

contributor:
Grubisic, Maja (author)
(Cabilio, Paul) (Thesis advisor)
(Zhang, Ying) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: This thesis evaluates and compares three metrics of medication compliance: CMA,  mSSAI and SSAI. The CMA metric is used in current research, while mSSAI and  SSAI are newly proposed metrics. DiÂ®erent aspects of each metric are discussed.  Next, these three metrics are used to calculate compliance levels from clinical trial  study data on patients with Heart Failure (HF) illness. The HF patients in the  study took medications from four diÂ®erent drug classes during the course of their  treatment. Both parametric and nonparametric approaches are made use of in order  to explore the distributional properties of the CMA, mSSAI and SSAI metrics. A  nonparametric approach utilizes kernel density estimation as a preliminary explo-  ration for comparison of the drug classes' density curves. In addition, a parametric  approach, the Pearson system of distributions, is used to eÂ®ectively identify a para-  metric family for each HF drug class for all three metrics. As a result, the beta and  Laplace family of distributions are identiÂ¯ed in this process.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Wind drift and the use of radar, acoustics, and Canadian Migration Monitoring Network methods for monitoring nocturnal passerine migration

contributor:
Peckford, Michael L. (author)
(Taylor, Phil) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: Tools to monitor migrating birds such as radar and acoustics can add valuable  information towards understanding migration ecology and population trend estimates. I  used a modified marine radar and acoustic sensor to monitor nocturnal migration of  passerines at the Atlantic Bird Observatory in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada.  Nightly variation of migration numbers was high. High volume nights were mainly  during relatively light northerly winds and consisted of a predominantly SW migratory  direction, consistent with the ‘expected’ regional migratory pattern. Radar data confirmed  that migrants typically employ a ‘constant-heading’ migration strategy. Also, consistent  with other studies, numbers of nocturnal migrants detected by radar were significantly  positively correlated with numbers of migrants detected by ground counts the following  day.  These findings illustrated both the importance of a multifaceted approach to migration  monitoring, and the importance of incorporating environmental data of wind conditions  in interpreting ground counts at migration monitoring stations.

abstract: Biology


title: Factors affecting eyewitness accuracy and confidence: Presence of a bystander, perpetrator appearance, mugshot angle, and eyewitness training

contributor:
West, Shelley Lynn (author)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: Three studies examined factors influencing eyewitness identification accuracy and  confidence. Participants viewed a non-violent mock crime video, completed two  questionnaires, and attempted to identify the perpetrator from one of four sequential  mugshot line-ups as follows: 1) perpetrator with five other distractor faces (P), 2)  bystander and five distractors (B), 3) perpetrator, bystander, and four distractors (PB), or  4) neither the perpetrator nor the bystander but rather six distractors (NPB). Participantsâ€™  number of correct decisions, false identifications, bystander identifications, nonidentifications,  and confidence levels were measured. Study 1 examined the affect of a  facial hair transformation (adding a goatee to the perpetratorâ€™s mugshot) on identification  accuracy and confidence using two additional line-ups as follows: 1) perpetrator with  goatee and five distractors (Pg), and 2) perpetrator with goatee, bystander, and four  distractors (PgBv). A total of 216 participants were tested. The addition of facial hair did  not significantly affect participantsâ€™ accuracy or confidence. Study 2 examined the affect  of presenting frontal vs. Â¾ view mugshots in a line-up, on eyewitness identification  accuracy and confidence. A total of 200 participants were tested. Neither accuracy nor  confidence was higher for Â¾ views compared to frontal views, indicating that Â¾ views  are not better than frontal views. Study 3 examined the affect of informing participants  about factors that can influence eyewitness identification accuracy and confidence on  their subsequent accuracy and confidence during an identification task. A total of 160  participants were tested. Information did not significantly influence their ability to avoid  making false identifications or their confidence in their decisions. Real world  implications of these findings are discussed.

abstract: Psychology


title: Relationships between juvenile fish assemblages and the physical features of bays along the Atlantic coast of mainland Nova Scotia, with implications for coastal marine protected areas

contributor:
O'Connor, Shannon Elizabeth (author)
(Roff, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2008

abstract: Marine Protected Area (MPA) sites are traditionally selected to protect individual  species, or areas with scenic views. Selecting sites in an ecologically defensible manner  reduces the arbitrariness in these decisions, and allows representative and distinctive  areas to be identified and included in MPA networks. To further coastal conservation  planning, this study examined coastal fish assemblages and the physical features of  nearshore ecosystems to determine relationships between geophysical characteristics and  biotic communities.  Twenty bays were sampled for juvenile fish along the coast of mainland Nova Scotia,  from Chedabucto Bay to the Bay of Fundy. Using a beach seine, 19,505 individual fish,  representing 35 unique species, were caught during two field seasons (June – October  2005, June – September 2006). Based on physiographic features and environmental  variables, bays sorted into well-defined bay types. Results indicated that the fish  assemblages did not relate to these bay types, nor to geographic location. There were  significant correlations between fish species and substrate type, in particular sediment  particle size. Species-accumulation relationships discovered that a set of small bays,  equal in shoreline length to a large bay, contained more fish species (26–35) than the  larger bays (14–17 species). A minimum shoreline length of 3.37 km is required within a  small bay to encompass all 35 species caught in this study.  This study lays the foundation for the environmentally justifiable selection of  representative coastal zone MPAs along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia.

abstract: Biology


title: Lossless audio data compression

contributor:
Zhao, Kan (author)
(Diamond, Jim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2007

abstract: Lossless audio compression is a rapidly developing field with a strict stipulation: the decompressed sample information must match the original audio data. A common strategy applied by modern compression systems is a "prediction/residual " structure. This strategy generates a series of estimates for audio samples and applies coding schemes to encode the residuals (the differences between the actual values and theestimates).  This thesis studies two main areas of the "prediction/residual" structure: residual coding and blocking, and their respective algorithms.  A common algorithm for residual coding is Golomb-Rice coding, a simple general-purpose integer coding algorithm. It takes advantage of the fact that the distribution of the residuals output from a prediction model generally follows a Laplacian distribution. Based on the study of Golomb-Rice coding, a new residual coding scheme,Golomb-Rice with Huffman coding (GRHC) is designed. GRHC coding can produce  codes that can be adapted (to a degree) to the actual distribution of the residuals output from linear prediction model.   Furthermore, a new idea, flexible blocking, is introduced. Instead of blocking the sequence of samples into fixed length blocks, the algorithm can flexibly block samples to produce an improved compression ratio. This thesis introduces two   flexible blocking schemes and an extreme block size search scheme, as well as implements two of these  methods in an open-source codec - FLAC.

abstract: Computer Science


title: Sex and leg dominance effects on neuromuscular control patterns and lower body biomechanics during single leg landings of post-pubescent athletes: Relevance to non-contact ACL injuries

contributor:
Melanson, Brittany E. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Landry, Scott) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) serves as a major stabilizer of the knee, and injury to this ligament is one of the most devastating knee injuries in sport. The rehabilitation of this injury can result in expensive surgery and extensive recovery time. Individuals that sustain ACL injuries may also be more likely to develop secondary complications later in life such as knee osteoarthritis. Non-contact ACL injuries account for 70-80% of all ACL injuries and common non-contact injury  mechanisms include quick changes in direction and jump landings. The sex disparity of this injury is of research interest as
females are 2-8 times more likely to sustain a non-contact ACL injury compared to males after the onset of puberty. The
purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sex (male versus female) and leg dominance (dominant versus non-dominant) on lower body neuromuscular activation patterns, along with hip and knee joint biomechanics during the post-contact phase (200ms) of single leg drop jump landings. Adduction and internal rotation at the hip may jeopardize
the stability of the knee resulting in knee valgus, which is a risk factor for ACL injury. Recent research has focused on the role that the hip musculature, specifically the gluteus medius, may have on the stability of the knee during dynamic movement. Asymmetries between limbs have also been noted to increase one’s risk of lower body injury. Understanding biomechanical and neuromuscular differences between the dominant and non-dominant leg and between sex during jump landings could provide insight into preventing ACL injuries. A total of 37 elite level athletes participated in the present study; 19 post-pubescent males (age = 21.26 ±2.21 years, height = 1.82 ±0.06 m, weight = 84.13 ±10.95 kg), and 18 post-pubescent females (age = 19.72 ±1.99 years, height = 1.69 ± 0.08 m, weight = 65.72 ± 9.22 kg). A 12-camera motion capture system, 3 force plates, and 16 wireless electromyography sensors were used to capture gluteus medius, rectus femoris, medial hamstring, and lateral hamstring activation patterns along with kinematic and kinetic data of the hip and knee during a single leg drop jump protocol. This protocol was developed within the comprehensive protocol from the John MacIntyre motion Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics (mLAB), which enables longitudinal data to be collected for the purpose of
identifying non-contact ACL injury risk factors. A two-way mixed model ANOVA was used to test for a between group
(male versus female), a within group(dominant versus non-dominant leg), and an interaction (sex by leg) effect for the neuromuscular activation magnitudes and hip and knee joint angles and moments. Bonferroni corrected pairwise
comparisons were performed on the data when an interaction effect was identified for a particular measure. The results demonstrated that compared to males, females demonstrated increased rectus femoris activation and altered hip and knee biomechanics. The dominant leg produced greater hip adduction angles and internal rotation moments compared to the non-dominant leg which may compromise the stability of the knee. Females also demonstrated greater internal hip  abduction moments during the dominant leg single leg drop jump compared to the non-dominant leg drop jump. These findings provide insight into the sex bias of this injury and suggest that leg dominance may have a role as well.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Effects of government legislation and regulation of payday loans in Canada: An economic analysis

contributor:
Kluska, William B. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Davis, Andrew) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Almost	everyone has unexpected	personal	financial	difficulties at	times. Low income or	high	credit risk individuals	may	be	limited in their available options to	smooth out and manage the impacts of	these shocks. Many such households have limited access to	traditional forms	of credit,	 such as	credit cards and lines	of credit, or have maxed out these alternatives.	The	payday loans	market is one option	to mitigate the adverse effects	of these	shocks.	However, the	 interest	rates attached to	these loans are significantly higher	than traditional forms	of lending. The costs of payday	loans
have raised questions	about whether access	to this form of credit is beneficial for consumers. I look to	answer whether access to payday	loans is welfare enhancing	or detrimental within	the	Canadian market.

abstract: Economics


title: Monoclonal antibody MAb M1169 identifies surface proteins of thermotolerant campylobacter species

contributor:
Fahey, Jessica Marie (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Huang, Hongsheng) (Thesis advisor)
(Easy, Russell) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Campylobacter spp. is a Gram negative, thermotolerant bacterium and a significant foodborne pathogen. Transmission is mainly through ingestion of undercooked and ready-to-eat poultry and mishandling of contaminated foods. While most individuals who have acquired campylobacteriosis recover rapidly (seven to ten days), individuals who are immunocompromised may develop rare, and potentially lethal complications, such as Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Recently, a colony blot immunoassay has been developed at the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) using a Monoclonal Antibody (MAb) M1169 M1169 for the detection of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. In this study, we further characterized the
surface target proteins of C. jejuniand confirmed specificity of this MAb to thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. using Western blot analysis. After immunoprecipitation, M1169 successfully detected only thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. by
Western blotting analysis. Multiple protein bands were reacted with M1169, and protein bands were excised from 1D SDS-
PAGE and analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS). The main proteins that were identified included major outer membrane protein (OMP) and flagellin. Other proteins included cytochrome C oxidase which is a large integral membrane protein found in prokaryotes. This work will help in advancing methods used in the detection and identification of C. jejuniin Canadian poultry, and in the development of a rapid detection method for thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. for
CFIA.

abstract: Biology


title: Volunteer tourism: Exploring motivations, benefits, and reciprocity

contributor:
Sellers, Chelsea (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Colton, John) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Volunteer tourism has become an increasingly popular type of tourism that has been associated with providing an experience that positively impacts the tourist, host community, and the environment. Despite the good nature that can be associated with volunteer tourism there are many critiques that have addressed the effectiveness and real value of volunteer tourism. This paper provides a review of volunteer tourism using 7 Canadian student participants and 5 facilitators on a university student volunteer tourism trip to India. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of volunteer tourism, explore motivations, perceived benefits, the role of reciprocity, and the role of the facilitators and community in the planning of this volunteer tourism experience. Qualitative research was used in this study in the form of semi-structured interviews with the students and the facilitators that were part of the experience. This led to an analysis of the effects of volunteer tourism on the students. The thesis also reviews the volunteer tourists’ (student’
s) motivations, the perceived benefits of volunteer tourism, the effect of reciprocity during this experience, and the role that facilitators played regarding planning, addressing challenges, and encouraging deeper under standing of the volunteer tourism experience.

abstract: Community Development


title: Worldview rejection: Exploring conditions under which people will reject their worldview

contributor:
Harvey, Mary (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Hayes, Joseph) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
The current research examined conditions under which people will reject, rather than defend their culture. Following from a combination of terror management and goal-regulation perspectives, it was hypothesized that death awareness would precipitate worldview defense only among people who felt they were succeeding in life. Cultural worldview protects against death-anxiety, leading people to defend their beliefs under perceived threat (terror management theory), whereas ineffective goal activity leads to goal-withdrawal (goal regulation theory). Hence, the combination of mortality salience
(MS;threat) and goal-withdrawal should lead to withdrawal from worldview defense. In the present study, 202 American citizens completed a trait self-esteem scale, followed by random assignment to a 2 (Salience: MS vs. dental pain) x 2 (Goal Recall: failure vs. success) between-subjects factorial design. Worldview defense was operationalized as attitudes toward anti-vs. pro American essays. Results partially supported the hypothesis: participants in the success condition increased worldview defense when confronted with their own mortality. However, rather than actively rejecting worldview, those who
recalled personal failure only stopped defending, rather than actively rejecting, their culture. There were no significant interactive effects involving self-esteem. Discussion focused on implications for understanding vulnerability to radicalization and the growing problem of home-grown terror.

abstract: Psychology


title: Effects of probiotics on salivary cortisol in  anxiety, negative mood, and ADHD

contributor:
Armstrong, Dawn (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Cortisol is a stress hormone released upon HPA axis activation. Anxiety and depression mental health problems associated with high cortisol levels, whereas ADHD is associated with lower cortisol levels. Researchers have begun to look at the relationship between the gut microbiome, mental health, and cortisol levels. The gut microbiome and the brain
communicate through the gut-brain axis, and imbalances in the microbiome have been associated with anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Probiotics represent a potential treatment for these conditions via their beneficial effects on the gut microbiome. The current project examined the effects of probiotics on salivary cortisol levels in 2 randomized, double-blind clinical trials, with: (1) adults with anxiety and/or depressed mood, and (2) children with anxiety and/or ADHD. It was hypothesized that children with ADHD would present with lower baseline cortisol than those with anxiety, and that probiotics would normalize high or low levels. In the adult study it was hypothesized that probiotic supplementation would decrease cortisol. Saliva was analyzed for 25 children at baseline, end of phase 1 (probiotic or placebo), end of the washout period, and end of phase 2 (probiotic or placebo). Saliva from 94 adults was analyzed at baseline and post-intervention (probiotic or placebo). None of the hypotheses were supported by statistically significant results. However, the following
trends were in the hypothesized direction: child baseline cortisol levels were lower among children with ADHD than
children with anxiety; probiotics normalized child cortisol levels and lowered probiotics lowered adults’ cortisol levels. This study highlights the importance of continuing research on the possible beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation on mental health conditions such as anxiety, depressed mood, and ADHD.

abstract: Psychology


title: Can psychological factors predict placebo responding in adults with anxiety and negative mood?

contributor:
Arbour, Emilie L. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Placebo responding is a common and well-known problem in clinical trials. This project focused on the relationship between four psychological factors (i.e., expectations, somatic focus, catastrophizing, and optimism/pessimism) and the placebo response. These factors were measured within the context of a larger study investigating the impact of probiotics
on adults experiencing anxiety and negative mood. Participants filled out questionnaires before and after treatment assessing their symptoms of anxiety and negative mood. They also completed a pre-treatment placebo response questionnaire. Regression analyses revealed that none of the four factors was predictive of improvements in the placebo
condition. However, among participants in the probiotic condition, the ACES and ANCEQ predicted improvements on four outcome measures, suggesting that participants’ expectations and catastrophizing interacted with the probiotics in improving participants’ scores on these specific outcome measures.

abstract: Psychology


title: Exploring stress biomarkers in an avian model

contributor:
Johnstone, Gillian Frances (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Easy, Russell) (Thesis advisor)
(Mallory, Mark) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Biomarkers are measurable biological molecules that can be used as indicators of stress in animals. Presently, there is little understanding of stress biomarkers in birds. The objective of this study is to identify changes in unique proteins in an avian model to further our understanding of the stress response in Aves. The models chosen in this study were the Herring Gull
(Larus argentatus) and Great Black-Backed Gull (L. marinus). Specimens were obtained from the St. John’s International Airport, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Samples of liver tissue were ground in a mortar and pestle under sterile
conditions to extract soluble proteins. Protein concentrations were normalized and 1D SDS-PAGE followed by a modified silver staining method were used to identify individual protein profiles. Gels were imaged and digitized using a Fluor-STM Multi-imager. Protein spots were excised from the gels and further analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).  Preliminary MS data indicates the presence of known stress proteins, including heat shock-70, heat shock-90, anti-oxidants such as superoxide dismutase and, pyridoxine phosphate oxidase
(an essential enzyme in vitamin B6 metabolism). These proteins will be quantified by immunoblotting and used as targets to identify the effects of environmental stressors on the gulls. As our knowledge of stress in Aves is limited, these data will contribute to the broader understanding of stress in Aves.

abstract: Biology


title: Road work ahead: The use of road construction in Roman Britain by the emperors, spanning from Claudius until Constantine II

contributor:
Smith, Cole (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(MacDonald, Jennifer) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
The process of road construction in the Roman Empire was ultimately a political activity carried out, usually, by the military.
Firstly, this thesis surveys aspects of the state of the field and the progression of scholars toward more modern methods. In addition, there is an analysis of the literary, archaeological and epigraphic sources, especially milestones, employed in this thesis, followed by a case study analysis of the via Augusta and the sources scholars employed when studying it. Next, this
thesis addresses road building activities in Roman Britain by the emperors, starting with Claudius (r. 41-54 CE) until the
last of the Severan emperors, Severus Alexander(r. 222-235 CE). During these early periods, road construction reflects the need for conquest and assertion of power in the province by the emperor. Additionally, road construction indicates when the emperors were interested in Britain and needed to establish or maintain control in the region. Also, the lack of  it correlates to imperial attention directed elsewhere in the Empire. Uniquely from the reigns of the Severans (193-235 CE),  the political needs of the emperors manifest themselves in the form of provincial reforms and the creation of the Antonine
Itinerary, both illustrating the importance of the roads in Roman Britain. This thesis then addresses the political needs of the emperors following the Severan dynasty. From the start of the period of the Soldier Emperors (235-284 CE) until the end of Roman Britain (c. 410CE), the Roman Empire experienced significant turmoil. Emperors attempted to put forth effective reforms and overall struggled to stay in power. This chaos manifests itself in the road construction of Roman ritain. The milestone data indicates construction efforts by Roman, Gallic, and Britannic emperors, all trying to legitimize
their reigns. Overall, this thesis shows that the road systems of Roman Britain reflected the imperial needs of specific emperors, and when their focus was and was not on Britain.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Modelling the behaviour of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in the presence of in-stream tidal turbines in MInas Passage, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Crowell, Kody Andrew (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Karsten, Richard) (Thesis advisor)
(Mendivil, Franklin) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract: Recent studies involving acoustic tracking of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) suggest that the species may exhibit passive swimming behaviour in Minas Passage under sub-zero temperatures potentially due to a decreased metabolic rate.  This raises into question their ability to detect and avoid in-stream tidal turbine infrastructure near the FORCE test site in Minas Passage.  As an attempt to address this issue, this thesis models the behaviour of the species using agent-based models and the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) in the Bay of Fundy as one way of predicting whether Striped Bass will enter the proximity of a turbine.  Data from observational drifter studies was used to validate the behaviour of FVCOM near the surface.  The model and drifter speeds were in general agreement in shape but showed consistent bias.  The distribution of errors had medians close to zero.  Lagrangian particle tracking was then used to understand how well FVCOM characterized the surface flow in the Digby Neck Passages and suggested that FVCOM has difficulty capturing turbulent behaviour in the flow.  Following this, Individual-Based Models (IBM) were used to model Striped Bass behaviour in Minas Passage and Minas Basin with noise-generating turbines and food, respectively.  Issues found in the results are likely due to the design of the code and a lack of proper parameterization, which can be addressed through more fsh tagging and tracking studies.  Despite these issues, IBMs show potential in characterizing co-occurrence of marine life and turbine infrastructure.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics