title: “The revels we shared in the days that are gone”: Examining female participation in the cult of Dionysos in ancient Greece and Rome.

contributor:
Colclough, Jenna (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Provencal, Vernon) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
This investigation uncovers the function of women and femininity in the cult of Dionysos in ancient Greece and Rome with
a particular interest in the agency women derived from cult participation. This is achieved through the analysis of popular
myths, Euripides’ Bacchae,epigraphic and historical sources juxtaposed with archaeological sources and scholarly analysis.
Sources are presented chronologically to provide a clear and comprehensive view of the evolution of Dionysian cult.

Chapter 1 explores the origins of Dionysos and his female retinue in Dionysian mythology and their presentation in Euripides’ fifth century BCE drama. The focus Euripides places on women in Bacchae emphasizes the prominence of women in the cult while his exploration of Dionysos and femininity establishes Dionysos as a defender of the feminine principle.  Bacchae is further examined as a historical source in Chapter 2 for its function as an act of reception for Dionysian cult in the Classical period.

Chapter 2 examines female cult participation in Classical and Hellenistic Greece using historical sources and epigraphic evidence. The earliest epigraphic evidence of female bacchants originates in Hellenistic Magnesia and Miletus. In general,
women benefitted from greater access to the public sphere in the post-Classical period. Historic sources and Hellenistic
inscriptions illustrate the positions of authority maintained by women in Dionysian cult and their participation in the public
sphere. It was through participation in Dionysian ritual that women could engage in public life and still maintain the respectability afforded them by seclusion.

As Dionysian cult entered Rome through Southern Italy, a Romanization of the Greek cult imposed cult hierarchy and strict
regulations. These modifications are examined in Chapter 3, along with the decline of female participation in the Roman
Bacchic cult due to the hierarchical nature of Roman society. In sum, this thesis maintains that the cult of Dionysos facilitated the participation of women in the public sphere through ritual activity, and granted them public privileges without compromising the ideal of seclusion in Greek society. The hierarchical nature of Roman society necessitated the
modification of a cult which boasted gender-mixing and a diverse membership. Due to the hierarchic nature of Roman society centred around the principle of the paterfamilias, female participation declined in the Imperial period.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Antimicrobial growth promoters and their effects on swine fecal bacterial communities

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor:
Velic, Medina E. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Kalmokoff, Martin) (Thesis advisor)
(Walker, Allison) (Thesis advisor)

rights: The author grants permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. The author retains the copyright of the thesis.

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract: While antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) are widely used in North American animal production, there is a limited understanding of how they affect the animals which receive them. It is commonly claimed that animals fed AGPs have improved growth performance, reduced mortality, and improved overall herd health compared to animals not fed AGPs. These benefits are also commonly claimed to result from alterations of animal gut bacterial communities. More recently it has been suggested that AGPs work primarily as immune modulators, reducing host immune reactions in the gut, and rechanneling this energy into animal growth. The purpose of this research was to determine if AGPs alter fecal communities in swine and assess their possible immunomodulation effects in pathogen-challenged pigs. The experiment was a two block repeated design where swine in the first block were split into three treatment groups (control, tylosin-fed, chlortetracycline-fed). Swine in the second block were treated the same but were challenged at the study midpoint with a cocktail consisting of various species of Salmonella. Fecal samples were collected every week and DNA was extracted. The extracted bacterial DNA was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers that would target the V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to fingerprint the fecal communities, and these fingerprints were analyzed by ordinal analysis. Differences in fecal communities in swine fed AGPs were observed in Trial I, however no differences in fecal communities in swine fed AGPs were observed in Trial II. No effects due to pathogen challenge were observed. A temporal change was observed in the gut communities, although this was independent of any treatment. The microbiota of the gut changes during growth and development in all mammals. This study indicates that AGPs do not alter bacterial fecal communities in swine, and raises questions regarding hypotheses purporting to explain their underlying mechanism of action.

abstract: Biology


title: Tailoring coaching to athletes’ needs: How the strength of female athletes fear of negative evaluation by their coach influences their perceptions of performance

contributor: (Kruisselbrink, Darren) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Coaches and the behaviours they engage in have been shown to have a large impact on athletes’ performance and overall well-being. The types of coaching behaviours that are used for one athlete may be ineffective for another. The purpose of
the current study was to understand if female athletes’ that are characterized by high and low levels of fear of negative evaluation perceive their coaches behaviour to influence their sport performance differently. Twelve female athletes’ were interviewed. A semi-structured interview was used to better understand how positive and negative coaching behaviours
influenced the female athletes perceptions of their own performance. The results showed that numerous negative and positive coaching behaviours emerged from the data showing varying results on athletic performance. Despite the fact that coaching behaviours impacted performance, there was no difference among those with high and low levels of fear of negative evaluation on preferred coaching behaviours ortheir impact on performance. Further research should be done on fear of negative evaluation looking at what type of behaviours influence athlete performance.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Exploring the impact of diet and physical activity intensity on behaviours of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

contributor:
Stinson, Jodi (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Seaman, Roxanne) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract: The prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has significantly increased in recent years, leading to more parents/guardians looking for alternative therapies, such as: change in diet, increases in physical activity or providing nutritional supplements for their children (Hopf, Madren, & Santianni, 2016). The aim of the current project was to gain an overview of the diets of individuals with ADHD and ASD and evaluate macronutrient, micronutrient and physical activity intensity and how they relate to the individual’s behaviour. A three-day food diary was distributed to participants of the Acadia S.M.I.L.E. program and Camp Winston. The food diary revealed that participants consumed within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), but had varying results when using Canada’s Food Guide. It also revealed many deficiencies in the consumption of various vitamins and nutrients, specifically fat soluble vitamins. Finally, physical activity intensity was often described as being high in duration but low in intensity. The results from this study will be used to help adapt food provided at the S.M.I.L.E. snack program and will also be distributed to Camp Winston for their meal plan use.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Relative contribution of sexual and asexual reproduction in Lysimachia terrestris

contributor:
Brown, Victoria C. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Evans, Rodger) (Thesis advisor)
(Hillier, Kirk) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Lysimachia  terrestris (Myrsinaceae)  is one  of  few species  within  the  genus Lysimachia known  to  asexually reproduce
via  bulbil  formation.  It  is  unknown  if  pollination  and subsequent fruit and seed production inhibits or reduces bulbil formation in L. terrestris. To examine whether there is a tradeoff between asexual and sexual modes of reproduction in  this  species, populations  were  investigated  in  Middleton  and  Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia. Impact upon bulbil production was monitored through application of pollinator exclusion bags prior to anthesis to modify pollination and fruit set. Treatments comprised zero, two, six, twelve, or all flowers, being left open to pollinators to determine if a threshold number of  pollinated flowers alters the number of bulbils formed. Counts of the number of bulbils, flowers,  fruits,  seeds  and  infertilized  ovules  were  analyzed  among  treated  plants.  Using light and scanning electron microscopy techniques, fruit and bulbil development were also examined. Results  suggest  that  bulbil  formation  is  limited,  but  not  restricted  by  seed production. Additionally, investment in sexual reproduction was observed to be larger at the  Middleton  location.  There  is anecdotal  evidence  of  the  presence  of  a  specialist pollinator, Macropis  nuda (Hymenoptera:  Mellitidae),  but  none  were  observed. These findings provide new insight into the conditions influencing bulbil yield in L. terrestris and the ecological roles of both asexual and sexual reproduction.

abstract: Biology


title: Implementing the Canadian assessment of physical literacy on children with disabilities

contributor:
Macartney, E. Annie (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Seaman, Roxanne) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility and appropriateness of implementing the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) protocols in children with disabilities. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to describe the various barriers and possible modifications required to adapt the current CAPL protocol that was initially validated for typically developing children. The aim was to develop an inclusive physical literacy assessment protocol that is designed to monitor the physical literacy levels of children and youth with varying disabilities. Concurrently, children with disabilities will be provided with opportunities to enhance their physical literacy levels. The findings from this study helped elucidate required adaptations needed within the current CAPL assessment protocol to inclusively assess all levels of abilities.

The themes that emerged from the data included, the value of step by-step visual demonstrations of required tasks, the benefit of structured and unstructured physical activity environments, effective environmental adaptations, and omitting the time components. The findings from the present study will help to identify areas of improvement within the current
CAPL protocol. The information generated from this study is instrumental in assessing physical literacy of children with disabilities. The aim is to ultimately enable the development an inclusive physical literacy protocol that encompasses all domains of CAPL testing. This study is a building block within the foundation of a validated inclusive physical literacy assessment.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Environmental factors affect DNA methylation in the marine polychaete Polydora cornuta (Annelida)

contributor:
MacDonald, Gina (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Gibson, Glenys) (Thesis advisor)
(Snyder, Marlene) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Maternal environment plays a significant role in influencing offspring phenotype through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. The marine invertebrate, Polydora cornuta (Annelida), has phenotypic plasticity in larval development, producing two distinct morphs of larvae: adelphophagic (non-dispersive) and planktotrophic (dispersive). The objectives of my experiment were to 1) develop a protocol to detect differences in DNA methylation among individuals and 2) determine if DNA methylation is affected by environmental factors. Additionally, methionine was explored as a potential link between maternal environment and DNA methylation, as marine detritivores (including P. cornuta) are thought to be methionine
limited. I hypothesized that exposure of females to compounds that cause a shift in larval phenotype (e.g., BPA) would also cause a change to the maternal epigenome (DNA methylation). Adult P. cornuta were cultured in 6 groups: seawater control), BPA, folate/B12, and three concentrations of methionine (10-5, 10-6, 10-7M). Differences in maternal methylation were demonstrated through total genome digestion with isoschizomers HpaII and MspI. Gel electrophoresis was used to generate DNA smear patterns that indicated differential cleavage at methylated CpG dinucleotides. DNA smear patterns were analyzed using ImageJ software to generate intensity plots. The protocol was sensitive enough to detect individual variation in DNA methylation pattern. Exposure to BPA and all three concentrations of methionine significantly reduced DNA methylation relative to the controls. The greatest reduction in methylation was seen in methionine treated worms. Therefore, methionine is potentially an important link between environment and epigenome. Further steps are needed to
establish a direct link between DNA methylation and larval phenotype. This study has contributed to a greater understanding of the mechanism underlying epigenetic modification in invertebrates, and its relationship with phenotypic plasticity.

abstract: Biology


title: Occupants, stewards, colonizers, ancestors: Charitable colonialism and the trees of the Jewish National Fund

contributor:
Burkhart, Naomi Sara (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Cohen, Alice) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Greenwashing is most often referred to in the context of advertising and Public Relations campaigns of for-profit companies, but rarely in reference to the non-profit sector. The Jewish National Fund has been a major actor in the creation
and maintenance of a settler colonial state in Palestine, but very few works have been dedicated to evaluating the extent of their influence over the past century. This thesis examines the Jewish National Fund as a greenwashed charity, arguing that
greenwashing has helped to distract the charity’s colonial intentions from their network of international supporters and donors,  and to re-interpret the charity’s past through a lens of 21st century environmentalism. Further, it is argued that,
along with a façade of sustainability, The Jewish National Fund employs techniques of both environmental colonialism through treeplanting, and settler colonialism through community development.ba

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: Effects of a jaw-repositioning custom-made mouthguard on athletic performance

contributor:
S. Martins, Ricardo (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Mekary, Saïd) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Mouthguards are an indispensable safety accessory for sports that have risks of orofacial injuries. Despite the high incidence of injuries and high costs for treatments in these sports, athletes may not use protective mouthguards because of the belief that it  may  negatively  impact  athletic  performance.  The  research  on  this  topic  has progressed over years along with mouthguard design – as mouthguards have become more  sophisticated  in  their  application,  evidence  has  begun  to  accumulate  for performance enhancement. Earlier studies using a basic mouthguard models such as a  type  I  or  stock  mouthguard,  demonstrated  a  hindrance  on  aerobic  performance, while  recent  research  with  jaw  repositioning  mouthguards  has  shown  preliminary findings of enhancements in performance.

The  purpose  of  the  current  research  was  to  investigate  the  effects  of  jaw repositioning  mouthguards  on  anatomical  changes  in  airway  and  jaw  position  and determine the effects this may have on aerobic and anaerobic performance. Results indicated that jaw  repositioning  custom  made  mouthguard  may  have  an  ergogenic effect on maximal aerobic power, speed and power.

This  is  the  first  study  to  show  a  link  between  jaw  repositioning,  airway volumetric  change,  and  performance  enhancement  in  both  aerobic  and  anaerobic activities. The outcomes of this work may support a change in culture for the use of mouthguards in different sports applications, from high orofacial injury risk sports to other sports specifically for ergogenic enhancement.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Ruminant E. coli Project: Assessment of nutrient-based competition and growth of generic E. coli and serotype O157:H7

contributor:
Albert, David (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Ells, Tim) (Thesis advisor)
(d'Entremont, Hélène) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Escherichia  coli are  common members  of  the  enteric  community  in  a broad range  of mammals. Although most E.coli
are non-pathogenic, a small subpopulation, including but not limited to serotype O157:H7, demonstrates virulence factors such as attachment genes, hemolysin production and shiga-like toxins. Symptoms of pathogenic infection in humans range from mild diarrhea to hemolytic uremic syndrome.  Ruminants constitute the primary reservoir  of  the  O157:H7  serotype,  and  unlike  humans,  these animals  are  not  negatively  affected by the bacteria. Up to 30% of the animals within some beef herds have been shown to shed these bacteria at any given time, but not all ruminants are carriers and much lies
undiscovered regarding the ecology of these human pathogens. The general purpose of this study was to gain understanding of growth kinetics of serotype O157:H7 and commensal E. coli by examining their activities in diverse sets of interactions. Ultimately, the goal was to  discover  whether commensal E.  coli and  serotype  O157:H7  compete  for  the  name nutrient-niche to  ascertain  whether  competitive  exclusion  would  be  a  viable  method  of pathogenic  mitigation.  Approximately, 1000  isolates  were  obtained  from  the  feces  of  a local herd of beef cattle in Nappan, Nova-Scotia and then typed by REP-PCR and PFGE. Growth kinetics for monocultures were then determined for all representative pulsotypes
along with a panel of 50 unique O157:H7 isolates using impedance technology (RABIT). Previous studies examined few isolates of E. coli  at a time : however, this study is novel as it  incorporates  a  large  number  of  serotype  O157:H7  and  commensal E.  coli isolates in growth characterizing assays. All pulsotypes were then tested for presence of colicin, phage,
and virulence factors. Growth dynamics were measured by competition of commensal and  O157:H7  strains  by  combining
impedance  technology  with  end-point  enumerations  on BCIG agar. Growth rates differed significantly between commensal strains and O157:H7 serotypes. Certain strains metabolize different nutrients at different rates, so three nutrient supplements  were  tested  in  the  impedance  system  to  shed  light  on  their  conference  of advantage in a competitive system.  Further testing of substrate impact on  competition is required.

abstract: Biology


title: The role of cognitive abilities in nutrition label comprehension

contributor:
Redmond, Katherine (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Mehta, Rick) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Two studies were conducted that assessed the role of numeracy and reading comprehension in nutrition label comprehension (NLC). Numeracy was correlated with NLC in both studies. However, reading comprehension was not correlated with NLC when it was assessed with a subjective measure in Study 1, but was correlated when assessed with an
objective measure in Study 2. Based on the results from Study 1, nutrition knowledge, country of origin and cognitive reflection were added in Study 2. Nutrition knowledge and cognitive reflection were both correlated with NLC. Next, two regression analyses were conducted to assess which variables might be predictive of nutrition label comprehension. Results from the regression analyses revealed that numeracy skills, reading comprehension abilities, and nutrition knowledge all contribute to an individuals’ nutrition label comprehension.

abstract: Psychology


title: Ehrenfest equation control

contributor:
Christie, Richard (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Teismann, Holger) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract: The Schr ̈odinger equation is the fundamental equation in quantum physics.  It defines a relationship between a particle’s energy and its wavefunction (related to probability).  Through a series of calculations, one may approximately track the position of the  particle.   However,  one  may  be  interested  in  controlling  the  Schr ̈odinger  equation  by  adjusting  what  is  called  the  control  term,  such  that  two  given  states  are satsified with the correct choice of the control.  This idea proves useful where state controlling is crucial, such as quantum computing.  In this thesis, a system of differential equations was derived that models position,  dispersion,  and the coined term “Ehrenfest Energy”.  This was done to bring a system of infinite partially differential equations down to a finite system of ordinary differential equations.  Through that system of differential equations, we provide approximations for each of the time dependent variables, including position.  In addition, different control terms are applied in the hopes of understanding how the control term ultimately impacts the solution of position/dispersion.  Lastly, we provide a series of plots demonstrating the difference between the quantum mechanical ‘measured’ position and the classical approach to measuring position

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: The material evidence of Scotland's hybrid kingdom

contributor:
Stolz, Jessie Joan Mairi (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(MacDonald, Jennifer) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract: This  thesis  will  examine  the  direct  impact  on  castles  and  additional  secular  sites following royal implementation of Anglo-Norman, feudal policies in twelfth century Scotland. In their interest to expand and consolidate their power base, the Canmore kings adopted feudal structures to solidify their power base. An examination of royal secular  sites  shows  the  changing  political  landscape  of  the  Scotland  at  this  time. Changes were implemented in the territories under direct control by the kings of Alba as well as the elite lords of Scotland. Reactions from the earls within the core of the kingdom as well as the newly acquired territories of the periphery have been used to represent the cultural change of twelfth century Scotland. The importation of Anglo-Norman governing structures led to the formalization of lordship and kingship within Scotland. This thesis uses the material evidence of castles and secular sites to address the merging of  cultures occurring at  this time.  Rather than a complete adoption of Anglo-Norman policies and culture, the Alba became the unique, hybrid kingdom of Scotland.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Formation of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel and high density polyethylene under simulated meat processing conditions in mono- or mixed species cultures with food spoilage bacteria

contributor:
Haddad, Stephanie Maria (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Smith, Todd) (Thesis advisor)
(Ells, Tim) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Food contamination is a major economic and a possible health concern when dealing with pathogenic bacteria.  Bacterial biofilms can form on surfaces within food-processing facilities and subsequently lead to recurring contamination of food products. Consumption of food products contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes can lead to the infection listeriosis, which can be fatal in susceptible subgroups, including infants, the elderly, immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women. To date, most literature on L. monocytogenes biofilms are from studies involvingmonoculture experiments. The objective of this research project was to determine how the characteristics of biofilms harboring L. monocytogenes change in the presence of two common food spoilage organisms, Lactobacillus plantarum and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Experiments were conducted under a model designed to mimic a potential contamination scenario in a meat processing facility. A regimen of simulated meat processing conditions (SMPC) was designed where cells were exposed to daily alternations of nutrient availability to emulate exposure to food residues and subsequent periods of starvation following cleaning of the processing line.  The model also included a simulated weekend shutdown period at a processing plant where cells would be subjected to desiccation stress. Using CDC Biofilm Reactors® biofilms were produced for L. monocytogenes in monoculture, in dual cultures with either L. plantarum or P. fluorescens, or in triplex cultures on test
coupons of two food industry relevant surface types, stainless steel (SS) and high density polyethylene (HD), following a
12-day regimen of SMPC. Biofilms were evaluated quantitatively through viable cell enumerations and qualitatively using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results showed that in general HD supported biofilm growth better than SS.
Relative to the numbers of viable L. monocytogenes monoculture biofilms, results clearly demonstrated that the pathogen
benefited from the presence of P. fluorescens in the biofilms whereas L. plantarum appeared to have a negative impact. This may in part be due to the enhanced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances produced by the pseudomonad as visualized through the use of SEM

abstract: Biology


title: Using partial digestions in PedoGeochemical exploration to understand interactions between reagents and soil mineral matrices

contributor:
Langelaan, Dillon (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Stanley, Cliff) (Thesis advisor)
(Murimboh, John) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Partial digestion geochemistry has been used to detect surface anomalies associated with mineralization buried at depth. Vertical	migration of ions	through	groundwater	from the mineralization creates the	anomaly	in the B	horizon	soils as the	ions	 adsorb	on to clay minerals and Fe-and	Mn-oxy-hydroxides present in	the soil.	Only the	element	concentrations of the labile components are measured	during partial digestion, enhancing	effective	geochemical	contrast	by increasing	the	relative magnitude of	the	anomalies while suppressing geochemical background.

Soil	samples	from the B horizon were collected	near Gardners Meadow, NS to investigate what happens	during partial digestion. The samples were leached using deionized	water, and deionized water containing HCl (0.006	mmolL-1,0.37mmolL-1,2.26mmolL-1, and 13.9  mmolL-1) or	NaOH (0.05 mmolL-1,	0.1424 mmolL-1, 0.37 mmolL-1, and 0.9617	mmolL-1) to increase or decrease the ambient soil pH by 1/10,	1, 2,	and	3 units respectively. Analysis followed by ICP-MS.

Results from	these experiments have provided significant	understanding of how	 changing the pH	by altering the reagent	impacts	element	concentrations in solution. Three element behaviours were observed; behaviour	 like	a cation,
behaviour like an	anion, and behaviour which is a combination of the two. The results also demonstrate that the stronger	the	partial digestion,	the	less	of an impact Fe-oxy-hydroxides and the	soil	sample matrices have	on the
partial digestion.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Towards a method for the partial extraction of metals in soils

contributor:
Brannen, Lee A. L. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Murimboh, John) (Thesis advisor)
(Stanley, Cliff) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Partial  extraction  geochemical methods have  been  proposed  as a  technique  for determining  buried  mineral  deposits  at  depth. A  series of  partial  extractions were performed  on a  soil  sample  from  the  Acadia  Woodland  Trail using  dilute  acid and  base solutions, as well as a deionized water control as partial extracting reagents. A batch matrix partial  extraction  was  conducted at four  different  water-to-soil  ratios to  determine  the optimum  extraction  conditions. Total  dissolved  metal  concentrations  in  the  extract solutions were measured using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A standard phenanthroline method was used to determine the amount of dissolved ferrous
iron.

The batch matrix partial extractions yielded similar results for the trace and major elements. A significant increase in concentration was observed for pH below 5 and above 8.8. A minimum in the measurement of dissolved trace and major concentrations occurs within the  pH  range  of  5.5-7.5,  depending  on  the  element  of  interest. The  batch  matrix
partial  extractions  for  oxyanions showed  a  significant  increase  in  the  dissolved  metal concentration at high pH, round
7.5 or 8

abstract: Chemistry


title: Antimicrobial resistance in farm raised and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

contributor:
Hawkey-Noble, Alexia (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Kalmokoff, Martin) (Thesis advisor)
(Easy, Russell) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
The use of antimicrobials as growth promoters (AGPs) has become common in the aquaculture industry. As a consequence of this practice, questions challenging both the safety and quality of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are emerging. The microbiota of Atlantic salmon are predominantly determined by bacteria present in their environment as well as their diet, and thus feeding Atlantic salmon AGP’s may affect the presence of some bacteria and confer resistance. In Canada, only
tetracyclines are allowed for use in the aquaculture industry. Here, we surveyed the cultivable flora associated with both farmed and wild Atlantic salmon and assessed antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within these bacterial communities and isolates. Samples (taken from the mouth, gills, skin, intestinal mucosa, and intestinal contents) were first plated on growth
media with or without added chlortetracycline (1 μg/mL). Cultured bacteria were then typed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Identification was based on 16S rRNA sequence homology
of sequences within the Ribosomal Database Project. Community DNA from wild and farmed salmon was also compared using DGGE. The presence of tetracycline resistance genes was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primer sets specific for 19 known tetracycline resistance genes. In total 173 bacterial species were isolated and typed using DGGE.
The five samples from wild salmon consisted of 64 unique species, whereas only 17 species were cultivated from farmed salmon. Overall, 80% of isolates from the wild salmon and 25% of isolates from the farmed salmon carried genes encoding for resistance to tetracycline. In farmed salmon the resistance genes tetW>tetS>tetM, tetO>tetT>tetQ, tetZ>tetG were identified, whereas in wild salmon tetW>tetS were found. Though there was more than three times the presence of tetracycline resistance genes in wild salmon, this may not be an accurate representation of the whole community resistance as some genes present may not be expressed or functional. This study is based on cultivable bacteria only. Until uncultivable bacteria are also tested for resistance genes a true comparison of resistance within each community cannot be made.

abstract: Biology


title: Un(masc)ing the male feminist: An exploration of men's feminist identification and hegemonic sexual practices at Acadia University

contributor:
Hutchinson, Hannah P.E. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Frank, Lesley) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
This research explores university-aged men’s attachments to feminism and their sexual experiences in a university landscape in an effort to understand if there is a relationship between feminist identity and heteronormative and masculine sexual experiences. Using a mixed methods approach—secondary analysis of quantitative survey data and semi-structured qualitative in-depth interviews—the data reveals that there is a connection, and further found that there exists a key mediating factor of hegemonic masculinity. The findings suggest that the hegemonic masculine ideal is one that strictly prohibits gender-based transgressions, and as such rejects a feminist identity. Despite male students’ reluctance to adopt a feminist identity, feminism is found to have an impact in lessening pressure to conform to hegemonic masculine sexual behaviors and attitudes that prove to be harmful to women and men. My findings emphasize a lack of knowledge of feminism in male university students. I conclude that men would benefit from education surrounding feminism and that men’s contribution to the feminist agendais warranted and necessary. Feminism has great potential in aiding university
-aged men in terms of some of the harmful masculine pressures or practices that are present due to restrictive hegemonic masculinity and socially expected behaviors.

abstract: Sociology


title: Investigations of ex situ strategies for the conservation of Geum peckii (Eastern Mountain Avens)

contributor:
Fancy, Sarah E. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Browne, Robin) (Thesis advisor)
(Lopez, Juan Carlos) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Geum peckii (Eastern  Mountain  Avens)	 is  a	  small  herbaceous  plant listed  as	  endangered	 with  the  Federal	  Species	  at
 Risk  Act.  In	Canada  the  plants  are  found	  in  bogs	  on	Brier Island and  on  Harris  Lake, Digby	County;	globally  the	only	  other  population  is	in  the mountainous regions  of  New  Hampshire. There  are  concerns	that	the  population of  G. peckii	in  Nova	Scotia is declining.  The  2010 Committee on	the Status  of	  Endangered	 Wildlife	in  Canada (COSEWIC) report  cites  the  decline  at  64%  since 1986  with  fewer  than 9000 mature  individuals  in  Nova  Scotia. For this research, the seed bank at Acadia University was used	 to establish a population of G. peckii in	tissue culture, the  plants were	then put  back into  their  natural  habitat to evaluate plant	 success.	 Outplanting	tissue culture material from an	 endangered
native plant species  is the first  for Nova Scotia and it is a  relatively  new technique globally. This study also documented	that	G. peckii	grows in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). During outplanting, plants received	either a commercial mycorrhizal inoculum, a	 native mycorrhizal inoculum or were left untreated.   Mycorrhizal treatments were used with the  goal of enhancing  plant success, though no significant differences	 were found.	Over the
summer of 2016 the field  population maintained a 100% survival rate, showing that seed	 banking is a valuable tool for protection of endangered native plant species.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: The economic impacts of the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) on Nova Scotia fisheries

contributor:
McGuinty, Fiona (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Davis, Andrew) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
The current fish and seafood industry in Nova Scotia is subject to various free trade agreements (FTAs) that have significantly reduced tariffs for these exported goods to other countries. The Canada-European Union Comprehensive
Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) promises to reduce tariffs in a similar fashion for many products, including fish and seafood. As a top priority for Prime Minister Justin Trudeau when he came into office in 2015, CETA has been a popular topic of discussions on international trade and economic sustainability. As the EU is a major trade partner for Canada, its effects may be slightly different than other trade agreements, especially at the provincial level. In terms of value, Nova Scotia currently exports the most fish and seafood products internationally out of all Canadian provinces and territories. Furthermore, as the European Union is the second largest importer of fish and seafood in the world, it thus evidently
presents itself as a valuable trading partner for Canada, and especially for Nova Scotia. However, despite the many benefits of a trade agreement with the EU, the depletion of stocks and the increasing difficulties faced by both wild and farmed
fish and seafood industries pose a threat to the long-term sustainability of CETA. The delicate nature of the fish and seafood industry, as well as its unpredictable volatility makes it difficult to grasp the future effects of CETA on Nova Scotia.

This study examines current trade agreements and their effectiveness on the province, as well as past stock records to determine whether CETA will in fact be beneficial or will cause further depletion and environmental damage. CETA’s
impacts will be approximated using estimates for current landings, as well as existing quotas for Nova Scotia’s top export species affected by this trade agreement’s tariff reductions. Overall, CETA’s implementation will have some benefits for both provincial Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provincial employment, however relatively small in comparison to the existing 1.6 billion dollars in export revenue from fish and seafood in Nova Scotia in 2015.

abstract: Economics


title: Status and stigma: The history of Meadowview, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Story, Sarah R. (author)
(Moody, Barry) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2012

abstract:
Meadowview, Nova Scotia was an unplanned working-class community composed primarily of the working-poor It developed on the edge of the Cornwallis River floodplain on the periphery of Kentville. From the start, it was a convenient
path of least resistance and encroached upon by the development of a military base, a tuberculosis sanatorium, a series of
open-pit dumps and a toxic county landfill. As a result, residents lived with an unequal amount of environmental risk in comparison to other local areas, particularly after it became a dumping ground for the county. Due to class division, an overall low socio-economic status, and the physical state of the community, Meadowview was perceived as a slum and notoriously known as a rough place full of impoverished bootleggers, criminals, and dump pickers. The resulting stigmatization, and the inadequate access to social institutions, economic opportunities and political processes, led to internal disempowerment that rendered residents unable to stop further dump sitings, or procure the resources to improve their living conditions. This had negative implications for residents' health and well-being and resulted in an "us" versus "them" scenario that pit the "haves" in nearby communities against the "have nots" in Meadowview In the latter twentieth century, this situation began to change as residents successfully advocated for, and accessed, improved community services and the closure of the landfill. This allowed them to overcome the widespread demoralization and shed much of the stigma that had plagued their community.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Growth and age patterns of Atlantic Sturgeon (Acipencer oxyrinchus) from the Saint John river, New Brunswick

contributor:
Newell, Seth (author)
(Stokesbury, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Atlantic Sturgeon are long lived anadromous fish found along the Atlantic coast of North America. In Canada, the two known spawning populations are found in the St. Lawrence River, Quebec and the Saint John River, New Brunswick. Their long-life span and migratory patterns make them vulnerable to overfishing and habitat loss. The von Bertalanffy growth model (VBGM) has been applied to many other Atlantic Sturgeon populations along the Atlantic coast to model those populations’ growth and age. In this study, I aged 68 Atlantic Sturgeon harvested in the commercial fishery in the Saint John River by counting the annuli present in their pectoral fin spines. These data were then added to data collected by Stewart
et al. (2015) in an ageing study they performed with sturgeon collected from the Saint John River that included juveniles
sampled in the late 1970’s to fill out the lower end of the growth curve. The spines aged in this study were aged independently by two different readers. The coefficient of variation (CV) between these two readers was found to be high (11%) when compared to similar studies. The VBGM found that female sturgeon tended to grow to larger sizes than males, but males grow at a faster rate (Males: L∞=218.9, K=0.0594, Females: L∞=264.6, K=0.0435). The combined male and female VBGM parameters (L∞=257.6, K=0.0438) fell between those found in the Atlantic Sturgeon populations to the north in the St. Lawrence River and the south in the Kennebec River, Maine.

abstract: Biology


title: Rethinking time course data: applications of growth curve analysis in spoken word recognition research

contributor:
Sproul, Alexander (author)
(Newman, Randy Lynn) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Prominent models of spoken word recognition (SWR) make different predictions about the activation and deactivation of rhyme words.  The present study used eye tracking to investigate differences in fixations to a target image (e.g. CONE) while being presented with various competitor images. Competitor images were either cohorts (e.g., COMB), rhymes (e.g., BONE) or unrelated (e.g., GHOST) to the target stimulus. Traditional analyses of eye tracking data use generalized linear models to quantify differences in lexical competition across competitor sets while fixations may be better represented by curvilinear regression models. The present study compared growth curve analysis (GCA), a multilevel, curvilinear, hierarchical regression technique to ANOVA, a generalized linear model, and compared results of the two analyses. As expected, it was found that cohorts reduced fixations to the target more than rhyme and unrelated competitors in both analyses at the linear level. Rhyme competitors reduced fixations to the target image at a linear level in both analyses but only when compared to a full competitor set. It is likely that a full competitor set promotes eye movements to each competitor
image and allows for the interference of a rhyme effect. Collectively, the results are taken as support for continuous mapping models (e.g., TRACE) of SWR. Future research should use GCA to explore fixations made directly to rhyme competitors as rhyme fixations have important clinical and practical applications

abstract: Psychology


title: Testing a mediational model :: the relationship between support styles, self-efficacy, relationship inferred self- efficac, and lifestyle changes in cardiac rehabilitation

contributor:
Carew, Renee J. (author)
(Holmberg, Diane) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
The current study examines the relationship between support styles and exercise in cardiac rehabilitation patients, and
how this relationship is mediated by relationshlp-inferred self-efficacy (RISE) and self-efficacy. To test this model, questionnaires containing items assessing these constructs were administered to patients (N = 41) and their support partners at Week One of a 10-week cardiac rehabilitation program. The SPSS macro PROCESS (hAYES, 2012) was used to calculate the possible mediation between support styles and exercise.  Significant two-step mediation between support style and exercise was not found.  However, regression analyses suggested that an autonomous support style is associated with an increase in patients' RISE beliefs (i.e., increased perceptions that their  partners believed in their ability to exercise appropriately), which in turn predicted patients' self-efficacy in their own exercise abilities.  Conversely, an overprotective support style was correlated with a decrease in patients' self-efficacy for exercise.  However, neither RISE beliefs nor self-efficacy were significant predictors of self-reported patient exercise behaviors, as had been anticipated.  Strengths and limitations of the study design are addressed.  The findings suggest a relationship between support styles and efficacy processes. Specifically, autonomy support is significantly associated with increased RISE beliefs, which are in turn significantly associated with patient efficacy.

abstract: Psychology


title: Soliciting Canada: an argument for the repeal of prostitution related legislation

contributor:
Mondorf, Michelle N. (author)
(Tufts, Alan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

abstract: This thesis examines Canada’s criminal legislation on prostitution and brings to light its harmful and contradictory qualities. By taking an analytical approach, an argument for decriminalization is made which calls for the repeal of all the legislation relating to prostitution. The argument is given further context through the debate between feminists and prostitutes over the controversial nature of the profession and whether the government should be allowed to legislate on an issue that creates a clear moral division. This thesis also looks at society’s openness to the public display of sex and determines the extent to which sex is already commodified within various entertainment mediums.

abstract: Politics


title: An exploration of concussion knowledge, attitudes, and reporting behaviours in varsity athletes

contributor:
Wilkerson, Hailey A. (author)
(King, Colin) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Concussions experienced by young adults are most commonly caused by their involvement in sport (Gordon, Dooley & Wood, 2006). A concussion is described as a “traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical forces” McCrory et al., (2017).
These forces could be caused by a direct hit to the head, or an indirect hit to the body (Broglio et al., 2014). Individual suffering a concussion can experience a range of symptoms including somatic symptoms, behavioural changes, emotional
symptoms, cognitive impairment, and sleep wake disturbances (McCrory et al., 2017). Proper concussion rehabilitation is important to avoid long term complications. Unfortunately, many concussions go unreported, and untreated. The purpose of the current study was to examine Canadian athlete concussion knowledge, attitudes towards concussion reporting, and their reporting behaviours. Eighty-five varsity athletes participated in a survey, and twelve athletes took part in an interview. Subjects included athletes from contact sports (football, rugby and hockey), limited contact sports (soccer and basketball) and non-contact sports (cross country, volleyball and swimming). Athletes in the current study scored highly on the knowledge component of the survey, however this knowledge basis was not associated with greater reporting behaviors. Athletes were hesitant to report symptoms to those individuals who could limit their playing time (athletic therapists and
coaches), and were most likely to talk to their friends or teammates. Underreporting behaviours were most apparent in contact sport athletes in their preseason baseline testing, as well as concussion testing post injury. Perceived pressure from coaches and teammates to keep playing was also a concern for athletes. The most commonly noted reason for underreporting was wanting to play. Athletes would continue to play if they thought they were the better option for the team, and would generally only feel comfortable sitting out if they were presenting physical symptoms, or were negatively
effecting team well-being. Many athletes noted a dissatisfaction with current return to play protocols, and listed the length of time sitting out as a deterrent to reporting. Athletes noted a willingness to take part in concussion education,with key topic of interest including the effects of playing with a concussion, long-term effects, and the RTP protocol. Athletes in the study agreed that an education program would be more beneficial if it was delivered by a former athlete or someone familiar with the team’s culture.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Fish coprolites of the Joggins Formation and coastal trophic relationships in a Late Carboniferous sea

contributor:
Chipman, Max D. (author)
(Pufahl, Peir K.) (Thesis advisor)
(Grey, Melissa) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
The fossil cliffs at Joggins (Nova Scotia) hold a wealth of fossils, both terrestrial and aquatic, from the Late Carboniferous Period. Fossils from the aquatic realm have historically been understudied and the ecosystem they represent is poorly understood. This research broadens our understanding of the aquatic ecosystem, specifically the food web, by examining fish coprolites that are abundant in the limestones of the Joggins Formation. Coprolites preserve undigested material that give us a window into the diets of these fish and a better idea of species interactions within the ecosystem. The coprolites
have been studied in thin section and hand sample, as well as cathodoluminescence and computed tomography to determine the contents. The specimens were divided into six categories based on size and shape: cigar/cylindrical shaped; cone shaped; small/equant; spiral; irregular; and massive (samples greater than 5 cm in length). The small coprolites are the most abundant and the massive coprolites are the rarest. They range in size from <1 cm to >10 cm and are 2-3 centimetres on average. The mineralogy of the coprolites is high calcium phosphate, similar to the composition of bone. This suggests that the fish producing these coprolites were carnivorous and that there is a lack of herbivores present,
supporting Carpenter et al.’s (2015) faunal study findings. Bone fragments have been found in almost all samples, however specific species identification has thus far been impossible. This research provides both a foundation for further studies on coprolites and similar fossils and a deeper understanding of aquatic ecosystems as fish diversified further into fresh water in the Palaeozoic.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: The ethics of care: feminist ethics and the welfare state

contributor:
Tomsons, Kira (author)
(McRobert, Jennifer) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1997

abstract:
In this thesis, I look at a new theory of ethics, proposed by Nell Noddings as a response to Carol Gilligan's research on moral development. Noddings formulates a theory based on care. I look at the elements and implications of her theory as
contrasted with the theories of Utilitarianism and Kantianism. I propose that the ethics of care is a viable ethical theory, when expanded beyond Noddings' formulation, and is capable of dealing with ·problems found in the realm of ethics, with
justification resting on care. Such a care perspective does not lead to conflicting results as do other more traditional foundations for moral theories.
Few ethical theorists would deny that an ethical theory must account for autonomy and result in some sort of universal principles in order to function as a viable theory. These two elements are necessary for the theoretical and practical application of a moral theory. Critics of the ethics of care have argued that these two elements are absent. In my attempt to
show that the ethics of care is a feasible theory, I argue that autonomy may be present and that the ethics of care can result in principles applicable to the greater society.
In showing that, theoretically, the ethics of care has these two elements, I demonstrate how the ethics of care can solve dilemmas using the welfare state as an example. Justification for the welfare state from the justice perspective does not completely succeed, as there are many arguments from within the tradition to the contrary. The ethics of care when properly understood provides a strong alternative, and as I argue, a stronger foundation for the justification of the welfare state.

abstract: Philosophy


title: Annie Marion MacLean: the public career of a maritime progressive in the United States 1896-1934

contributor:
MacMillan, Heather Joan (author)
(Conrad, Margaret) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1987

abstract:
Annie Marion MacLean, a native of Prince Edward Island, belonged to the first generation of college-educated women and
was an active reformer in the American Progressive movement of the early twentieth century. MacLean graduated with her
B.A. and M.A. from Acadia College in 1893 and 1895, respectively, and then received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Chicago in 1900. She is the first woman from Canada to receive a Ph.D. in Sociology. She published seven books and some twenty articles. Her gender was a determining factor in her pursuit of a career in social reform. Her areas
of focus included working women, immigration, education and the poor living conditions in the American city. This thesis
argues that MacLean's social philosophy and accomplishments in the United States reflected the liberal education that she
received in the Maritimes. Motivated by Christian idealism, her early education fostered the development of MacLean's
maternal feminism, ethnocentricity and liberal progressivism.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Social capital and the wellbeing of Indigenous Peoples in Canada

contributor:
Spafford, Douglas (author)
(Kayahan, Burc) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
After theoretically determining the impact of social capital on wellbeing from economics literature, this study uses the Statistics Canada 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey to estimate the impact of social capital on the wellbeing of Indigenous Canadians. It is found through econometric analysis that the wellbeing of adults and youth is impacted by social capital in similar and differing ways. The self-reported health of adults and youth is negatively impacted by their degree of social
isolation. Peer risk behaviors for youth have a significant negative impact on their self-reported health. These are important considerations for improving the general wellbeing of Indigenous Canadians and stimulate the need for future research.

abstract: Economics


title: Assessment of the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) population in Kings County: 1959  - 1976

contributor:
McKay, Cora Anne (author)
(Dodds, Donald) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1978

abstract:
After a decline in the ring-necked pheasant population in the Annapolis Valley in the early 1950's, a population study was
undertaken by the Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forests. Following the termination of this study in 1963, spring
cock crowing count, winter sex ratio and hunter-harvest data have been collected each year. This thesis employs these data
to assess the pheasant population, emphasizing the 1964-1977 post-study period. An overall increasing trend began in 1965 and has continued to the present. A maximum pheasant harvest in 1976 followed by a decline in 1977 suggests the
population has peaked and may be levelling off at a relatively high density. Chief factors contributing to the increase include changing land use practices (especially agricultural) resulting in an increase in the available food supply, favourable
climatic conditions, and hunting pressure.

abstract: Biology


title: The relationships between physical activity, nutrition, and sleep patterns on skeletal health and quality of life in elderly adults

contributor:
Wiseman, Joscelyn P. J. (author)
(Kaviani, Mojtaba) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
Introduction: Elderly adults, aged ≥65 years, have four times the rate of chronic disease as the overall population. Osteoporosis is a chronic disease prevalent in this population which contributes to ever-increasing health care costs and a lower quality of life (QoL). Objectives: Examine the effects of physical activity (PA) varying in duration and intensity, dietary intake, eating habits, and sleep quality and quantity on skeletal health (SH) and QoL in the elderly population. Methods:
Using an observational design, 7 women and 2 men, 61±5 years of age, were administered a self-reported 3-day food recall, a 3-day sleep questionnaire, and a general health questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Spearmans Rho where used to assess correlational relationships. Results: QoL was found to have a significant correlation with intensity of
PA (rs= 0.84), sleep quantity (rs=0.79), and sleep quality (rs= 0.69). QoL was found to have no significant correlation with duration of PA; dietary intake, including protein, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium; or eating behaviours. SH was found to only have a significant correlation with duration of PA (rs= 0.85) and sleep quality (rs= 0.83). Implications and Conclusions: The results suggest that older adults who obtain higher quantity and quality of sleep and engage in moderate-to-high intensity PA are more likely to have a higher QoL. Additionally, older adults who engage in long duration PA and receive higher quality of sleep have lower SH. Investigation with a larger, more diverse sample size is required to further elucidate the effects of dietary intake, PA, and sleep on QoL and SH in elderly adults.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: The mispricing of US index options surrounding geopolitical event

contributor:
Sampson, Joshua J. (author)
(MacLean, Stephen) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
The rising interdependence of global economies has raised concerns for the world’s capital markets, specifically in relation to the increasing number negative shocks following unanticipated events.  The work of Gemmill (1991) has provided empirical evidence indicating that global option markets exhibit varying levels of inefficiency surrounding political events.  The current research study seeks to expand on the previous literature by examining whether or not US index options display higher levels of inefficiency surrounding 11 geopolitical events that occurred between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016.
Two hypotheses are tested in the current study using the percentage of theoretical price (IFF) as the measure of an index options level of inefficiency, relative to the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model.  The hypotheses aim to determine if  the occurrence of a geopolitical event, or a rise in geopolitical risk will further deteriorate option market efficiency.  Results determined that an increase in geopolitical risk increases the level of mispricing for a given index option. However, the increase is economically insignificant.  Option markets capture geopolitical risk by pricing geopolitical uncertainty into equity index options.  The analysis of event periods surrounding the selected geopolitical events reveals evidence that index options have lower levels of mispricing before and after the event occurs.  Robustness tests were conducted using additional or augmented control variables but findings remained similar.  The data supports current literature stating that
option markets exhibit periods of inefficiency, but further research is required to fully explain the relationship between geopolitical events and option market inefficiency.

abstract: Business


title: Comparing exercise interventions and how they affect cognition in older adults

contributor:
Evans, Kailey M. T. (author)
(Mekary, Saïd) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
As Canada’s aging population rises, there is a higher prevalence of chronic conditions and other age related diseases. With a larger amount of the population being 55 years or older and with more people going through ‘unhealthy aging’ that consists of poor diets and increased sedentary lifestyle, health care costs are increasing. Cognitive decline is a major concern for health care spending as there is a high prevalence of it among the aging population. A cost effective intervention is needed in order to prevent or slow the associated cognitive decline that comes with age, thus attempting to lift some of the economic stress being placed on the health care system.
Exercise has been found to be an effective intervention for improving various physiological functions such as increased
cardiorespiratory fitness as well as musculoskeletal fitness. Exercise has also been found to have a positive effect on cognition. Previous research has determined that executive functioning is one of the first cognitive processes to decline with age, however it is one of the first ones to improve through exercise.
Aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) are common exercise interventions that are used for various physical and cognitive benefits, however the literature has yet to determine which one is better for improving cognition in older adults. The mechanisms for how AT and RT affect cognition are poorly understood. Brain structure, and molecular changes have been commonly investigated for possible mechanisms behind altered cognition with exercise, however more research is needed on cerebral oxygenation and how it affects the efficiency of the brain in older adults

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Mothers of Turtle Island betrayed by the Fathers of Confederation: The Indian Act and its discriminatory actions towards Indigenous Women and their resistance via Bill C-31

contributor:
Ripley, Anjuli (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Henderson, Stephen) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Throughout Canada’s history, many documents, laws, treaties, and proclamations have been made regarding the lives of Canada’s First Nations peoples, often without their knowledge or consent. Many Indigenous people, for example, were
unaware of the effects the Indian Act of 1876 would have on their lives. As the consequences of these injustices presented
themselves, Indigenous communities began to fight against the discriminatory rules of the Indian Act. After 1970, the provision in Section 12.1.b, which removed the status of First Nations women when they married non-Indigenous men, became a point of contention and a foundation for Indigenous women to organize for their rights. For at least fifteen years’
Indigenous women fought against the patriarchal laws that had been created to assimilate them and their communities. Those women and their stories are the center of this publication, as their voices are the only ones which can truly tell the
story of Bill C-31. In order to assist in decolonizing the information surrounding the Indian Act and Bill C-31, it was vital that
this work contain personal testimony from women who experienced its effects.

abstract: Canadian Studies


title: Doubly uniparental inheritance: Sequence determination and analysis of the control region of male transmitted mtDNA genomes of the Ribbed mussel Geukensia demissa

contributor:
O'Malley, Keelan (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Stewart, Donald) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
A seemingly universal feature among metazoans is the strict maternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). However, previous research has shown that this former dogma no longer holds within various members of the Bivalvia. For example, within the Mytilidae there are typically two distinct mitochondrial genomes; “F-types” that are maternally transmitted through daughters via eggs, and “M-types” that are paternally transmitted through sons via sperm. These sex-associated mtDNA genomes constitute a system referred to as Doubly Uniparental Inheritance or DUI. Studies of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, and the horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus, which are in the same family as the ribbed mussel,
Geukensia demissa, have shown that occasionally a fragment of an M-type genome can recombine with an F-type genome creating a so-called "recently-masculinized" or RM-type. RM genomes are subsequently transmitted paternally and consist of the F-type core region and the control region (CR) of an M-type. The aim of my project is to sequence and analyze the CR of the ribbed mussel to determine if the recently described patterns of molecular evolution characteristic of DUI in Mytilus
modiolus are also found in Geukensia. Fragments of the paternally and maternally transmitted mitochondrial genomes of the ribbed mussel were characterized for the first time using Long-Range PCR, Sanger sequencing and mtDNA annotation. Sequences were obtained for the rrnLand cytbgenes of both Geukensia M-and F-types. Results from LR-PCRs also suggest that the total size of the Geukensia genome is ~19kb, similar to those of modiolus and edulis. Our ultimate goal is to
search for and characterize any conserved DNA motifs that are likely involved in cellular pathways that control paternal transmission of mtDNA in bivalves.

abstract: Biology


title: The break with Rome: A comparison between Henry VIII and Gustav Vasa

contributor:
Oland, Laura A. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(MacDonald, Jennifer) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract: Henry VIII of England and Gustav Vasa of Sweden both ruled during the 16th Century. During this time, both men decided to join the Reformation movement and break with the Church of Rome. Henry had grown frustrated with his wife Catherine of Aragon, because she had been unsuccessful in giving him a male heir. He decided to divorce her, but to his dismay the Church of Rome would not allow it. In order to secure a divorce, Henry, alongside his key advisors Thomas Cromwell and Thomas Cranmer, broke with the Church of Rome and created the Church of England. Even though they broke with Rome officially and Henry became the Supreme Head of the Church of England, Henry was not interested in creating a radical Church. Henry had grown up studying theology, and the traditional theology was extremely important to him. On the other hand, Gustav Vasa chose to Break with Rome after Sweden had separated itself from Denmark and the Kalmar Union.  Gustav was angry with the pope for having allowed the execution of Swedish nobles, including Gustav’s father, at the Stockholm Bloodbath. In contrast to Henry, Gustav was not interested in theology, so he was indifferent to what sect of Christianity Sweden adopted. Analyzing the two kings together, it is possible to highlight Henry’s appreciation of theology, and how the new Church of England maintained a doctrine that was extremely similar to the Church of Rome.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Nova Scotia dietitians' experiences with Orthorexia nervosa

contributor:
Graham, Cassidy A. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Durant, Matthew A.) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Purpose:
The purpose of this research was to determine what, if any, knowledge and/or experience Nova Scotia dietitians have about/with orthorexia nervosa (ON).
Methods: A survey was designed for electronic dissemination to all professional dietitians (PDt) in Nova Scotia. Participants were invited to participate in this study via email. The email with the survey link was sent to the Nova Scotia Dietetic Association and then forwarded to all Nova Scotian dietitians. Questions included in the survey asked about experiences the PDt has had with ON. Responses were counted and percentage values were determined.
Results: 76% of participants had heard the term “orthorexia nervosa” prior to this survey. Nearly half (48%) of participants
had first heard the term within the past five years. Almost 60% of participants reported they had, at some point, worked with a client who showed symptoms of ON. Additionally, 76% of participants believe more research into ON is required. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that many Nova Scotia PDts have heard of this condition. Further research is needed to determine whether ON needs to be an eating disorder classified in the DSM, and what the best treatments would be for individuals living with ON. Development of resources specific to patterns of ON for dietitians and other health care professionals would help facilitate treatment, regardless of its absence from, or presence in, the current DSM.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: Sequence and characteristics of DVNP (Dinoflagellate Viral Nucleoprotein) in Oxyrrhis marina.

contributor:
MacDonald, Kaitlin A. (author)
(Snyder, Marlene) (Thesis advisor)
(Slamovits, Claudio) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
Dinoflagellates, unlike other eukaryotes, do not appear to use histones as the irmain DNA structural proteins. Instead, they use Dinoflagellate Viral Nucleoproteins (DVNP), an as-of-yet largely uncharacterized protein group. In the model organism
Oxyrrhis marina, a basal dinoflagellate, there are 6 types of DVNP when grouped by sequence similarity. Using PCR and
E. coli transformation, we cloned a representative sequence for each of the six groups of DVNP. These sequences were then used to express the proteins in E. coli. With these available proteins, further research can be done on the properties of DVNP and how DVNP differs from histones. Furthermore, understanding the properties of DVNP may lead to a better understanding of the evolutionary history of dinoflagellates.

abstract: Biology


title: Susceptibility to the Ebbinghaus illusion: sequential presentation of target and context

contributor:
Cruikshank, Karli (author)
(Jones, Stephanie) (Thesis advisor)
(Bleile, Karmen) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
The current study newly examined the effect of asynchronous presentation of a target and flankers on participants’ susceptibility to the Ebbinghaus illusion (EI). Twenty-eight participants were presented with a target circle surrounded by four circular flankers (modified version of the EI) and were asked to indicate the apparent size of the target circle relative to a comparison circle. Flanker circle size, comparison circle size, and the SOA of the target and flanker circles were also
manipulated. Participants perceived the target circle to be smaller (or larger) when surrounded by large (or small) flankers, illustrating the classic EI. However, two-way interactions between flanker size and comparison circle, flanker size and timing, and comparison size and timing revealed that the illusion was strongest when the target circle was presented first and weakest when the flanker circles were presented first. While the pattern of results with respect to the target-flanker timing were not entirely as hypothesized, it did illustrate that the EI is affected to some extent by timing parameters.

abstract: Psychology


title: Investigating the consumption of sports supplements amongst varsity athletes with a focus on supplement contamination, frequency of use, and motivation

contributor:
Hillier, Katherine (author)
(Kaviani, Mojtaba) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
Purpose. The objective of the current study was to investigate athletes’ motivation to use sports supplements (SS), their knowledge regarding the regulation of SS, as well as determine the frequency of consumption of SS. Methods. A questionnaire was designed and face to face meetings with University varsity athletes took place to complete the questionnaire. The instrument was designed to answer the research questions, “What, if any, knowledge do University athletes have on SS regulation and contamination?”, “What motives, if any, influences athletes to use SS?”, and “How, if at all, frequent do athletes use SS?”. Responses were summed and frequency was calculated using Microsoft Excel. Results.
Athletes (75.8%) were aware that supplements may contain banned substances, while 28.2% were unsure that SS may contain false certification claims. Athletes obtain their information regarding SS from unknown internet sources (69.4%), personal trainers (55.9%), and coaches (46.6%). Athletes (87.2%) used SS in the past six months, including protein powder containing whey (75.7%), protein bars (51.4%), and protein powder containing casein (45.6%) to enhance energy expenditure and meet nutritional needs. Conclusion. Athletes are motivated to consume SS and receive information from various sources. Athletes are subjectively knowledgeable on SS regulation. Athletes may benefit from nutrition educators with reliable information regarding the use of SS. Future research should assess how effective, if at all, educational interventions are for athletes’ performance and recovery

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: Lez talk about  sex: a critical discourse analysis of the "How to/lesbian sex 101" video type on Youtube

contributor:
Annett, Kathryn (author)
(Liinamaa, Saara) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
This thesis examines videos on the social media platform YouTube on LGBTQ+* sexual education. The videos in this study can be categorized in the “how to/lesbian sex 101” video type. The videos in the dataset (n=5) were analyzed based on their
compositional organization, and on similarities and differences in the discourse created by content in this video type. Rooted in queer theory and critical discourse analysis, this study found that the “how to/lesbian sex 101” video type attempts to provide sexual education information that is typically unavailable in mainstream media or schools; the videos attempt to normalize the sexual diversity of lesbian sex. It was also found that through this normalization, the videos employ certain elements of “homonormativity” that exclude other diversities in sexuality and gender identity. There is a tension in the discourse of the videos. While attempting to normalize sexual diversity, they regularly do so by employing
heteronormative codes of the mainstream discourse regarding sexual diversity and sexual education.

abstract: Sociology


title: The role of RXFP1 and RXFP3 relaxin receptors in H2 and H3 relaxin-induced neuroprotection

contributor:
Gillam, Hannah Jeanine (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and third leading cause of death in Canada, resulting from ischemic conditions in the brain. Recent studies have indicated various tissues, including the brain, are protected by relaxin peptides during ischemic stress, making relaxins potential candidates as stroke therapeutics. H2 and H3 relaxinhave been shown to protect rat brain tissue from ischemic conditions, but little is known about the relaxin receptors involved. H2 and H3 relaxins interact with both RXFP1 and RXFP3 receptors, and both of these receptors are present in brain tissue. The purpose of the
experiment was to study the role of RXFP1 and RXFP3 in mediating protective effects provided by relaxin peptides during
oxygen and glucose deprived (OGD) stress in cultured brain slices. Brain slices from neonatal rats were cultured for two weeks. Subsequently, slices were exposed to one of seven treatments: oxygenated balanced salt solution with glucose (normoxic control; NC), oxygen and glucose deprived balanced salt solution (OGD control), or OGD media with: H2, H3,
both H2 and H3, H2 and a RXFP3 antagonist (R3 B1-22R), or H3 and the RXFP3 antagonist. Propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence was used to highlight cellular damage and death. Mean counts of PI positive (PI+ve) cells were compared using ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc mean comparison test. Both relaxin peptides significantly reduced the number of PI+ve cells in OGD slices and the RXFP3 receptor antagonist only blocked the effect of H3. Western blots experiments were performed to confirm both relaxin receptors were present in neonatal rat brain tissue. Data suggests both RXFP1 and RXFP3 mediate actions of relaxin peptides in ischemic brain tissue. Further research is required to determine specific cell signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection provided by relaxin peptides.

abstract: Biology


title: An exploration of Northeastern Coyote (Canis latrans var.) morphology using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes and nuclear DNA (nuDNA) microsatellites

contributor:
Burke, Colton Ray Lawrence (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Stewart, Donald) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Over the last decade, there have been various acts of aggression committed by Coyotes (Canis latrans var.) in Nova Scotia (NS). These attacks have led to injury, or even fatality, which promoted this research on Coyote morphology and behaviour. Many Coyote carcasses from Atlantic Canada were received from the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources (NSDNR), which allowed various morphological measurements to be taken and tissue samples to be collected. A recent study by Power et al. (2015) demonstrated a trend among male Coyotes in Atlantic Canada that contained an Eastern Wolf
(Canis lycaon) haplotype and a larger overall body size as measured by principal components analysis (PCA). The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a significant correlation between Wolf mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes or nuclear DNA (nuDNA) (as assessed using microsatellite markers) and larger body size among male Coyotes within NS. To investigate this potential trend exclusively male samples were studied, and nuDNA was utilized to complement the mtDNA data. DNA was isolated from Coyote skin tissue (ear), and specific haplotypes of the mtDNA control region were amplified and sequenced. After sequencing, the mtDNA was identified to contain one of two Coyote haplotypes (Cla28, Cla29), or an Eastern Wolf haplotype (GL20). Each Coyote sample was assigned a haplotype using phylogenetic analysis, and linked to its associated morphological meta-data. The mtDNA haplotype diversity remained consistent with Power et al. (2015) within
NS; however, to determine if a size correlation among haplotypes exists Tukey’s Test must be completed on the PCA results.
Non-coding nuDNA was amplified using eight microsatellite primers, and allele lengths were used to genotype individuals.
Three genetic clusters were found within NS male Coyotes using STRUCTURE, which are speculated to be of Coyote, Gray Wolf (Canis lupus), and Eastern Wolf origin. All three genetic clusters were present in each Coyote supporting genetic admixture among Canis types. Assortative mating may be occurring among NS populations, as all clusters existed in high proportions within certain individuals. Furthermore, nuDNA microsatellites revealed a decrease in heterozygosity within
NS Coyotes, as a possible result of inbreeding. This study was the first to explore microsatellites within NS Coyotes, thus the data will provide essential data for future analyses, possibly explaining the larger body size among NS and Northeastern Coyotes.

abstract: Biology


title: The Birth control pill: An analysis of the experience of women university students

contributor:
Berube-Sam, Suyin Isabelle (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Rudrum, Sarah) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Throughout the course of their lives women are faced with many decisions regarding their sexual health, including birth control. The current study examines the different contributing factors that influence women students at an Atlantic Canadian University to begin using the birth control pill, remain on the birth control pill and discontinue its use. The literature reviewed includes a brief background of the history of the birth control pill and an exploration of the role of the sexual revolution that took place in the 1960s.  A mixed method approach was used; the research consisted of 5 semi-structured interviews and a survey with a range of questions about women’s experiences with the birth control pill. The survey consisted of 543 participants and the study only included Acadia University female students aged 18-25 who had previously used the birth control pill or were currently using it. The findings were interpreted using different statistical cross tabulations and were also examined through the lens of medicalization, structure and agency, and intersectionality.
Analysis of the findings demonstrated that young women were frequently prescribed the birth control pill as their first method of birth control, that many women experienced negative side effects with the birth control pill, and that the responsibility for birth control is viewed as gendered, with women bearing a greater responsibility.

abstract: Sociology


title: A synthetic and computational investigation into the reactivity of silylenes towards small molecule activation and heavy element multiple bonds

contributor:
Coxhead, Lucas (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Ellis, Bobby) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The synthesis of the silylenes (tert-butyl)2(1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene)Si, (2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)2(1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene)Si, (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)2(1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene)Si and (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)2(1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene)Si was attempted
and their air sensitive silyl chloride precursors were synthesized. The silyl chlorides were also used as precursors for the attempted synthesis of an asymmetric heavy element multiple bond between silicon and carbon. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 13C{1H} and 29Si{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Three new
silyl chlorides were synthesized and characterized using 29Si NMR spectroscopy; (2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)2(1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene)SiCl2(δ: -40.7 ppm), (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)2(1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene)SiCl2(δ: -41.2 ppm) and (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)(N-iso-propyl2)SiCl2(δ: -18.3 ppm). The formation of Si-C adducts was observed using this technique, with these silyl chlorides as precursors, although no double bonds were isolated based on NMR data. A computational investigation into five series of silylenes and adducts between silicon and carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and germanium
was performed. Adducts appeared to be favourable with nitrogen and phosphorus, but not with carbon and germanium.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Population demographics of two cryptic skate species, Winter Skate, Leucoraja ocellata, and Little Skate, Leucoraja erinacea, in the Bay of Fundy and their social image in local fisheries

contributor:
Carmichael, Emma (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
(Quinn, Danielle) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract:
Winter Skate, Leucoraja ocellata, and Little Skate, Leucoraja eriniacea, are two cryptic Rajidae species found throughout the western Atlantic Ocean. Both species are susceptible to fishing pressure and both species are considered at-risk.

Skates were sampled at an intertidal herring weirin the Avon Estuary and through targeted bottom trawling within Scots Bay and the Minas Basin. From May–August, 1,247 skates were caught and 704 were tagged. Prior data from 2012 – 2016 were pooled for some analysis.

Females outnumbered males, and adults outnumbered juveniles at mostlocations for all years. Juvenile abundance increased in mid-August 2016 possibly indicating a recent hatching event ornearby nursery ground. The 2016 population estimate for the weir location was 5,426(95% C.I. 4,203–7,771).

In 2016, one skate tagged in the Avon Estuary in June was recaptured in August 2016 during trawling in Scots Bay suggesting some mixing between Scots Bay and Minas Basin.

Social image surveys showed 54% of fishers felt catching skates was a negative experience, and 90% were unaware skates were at-risk. In comparison, 91% of fishers felt catching striped bass was a positive experience, and 52% were unaware
striped bass were at-risk. Fishers views of skates improved upon being advised of skate status and ecosystem importance.

abstract: Biology


title: Developing a consumer language to describe local red wines using projective mapping

contributor:
Jantzi, Heather (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(McSweeney, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2017

abstract: In the last two decades, the Nova Scotia wine industry has rapidly grown.  Recent market research suggests that most Nova Scotia wine consumers are not wine experts, but identify Nova Scotia as a producer of quality wines. Current descriptors of Nova Scotia wines are provided by the winemakers and a wide variety of terms are used to describe the flavours and aromas present in the wine. The objective of this project is to determine consumer descriptors of Nova Scotia wines to begin the preliminary development of a wine wheel specific to the region. In total, two trials were conducted using Nova Scotia red wines. The first trial assessed six red wine blends and the second trial assessed six single varietal wines. Global mapping paired with ultra flash profiling was used to determine flavour descriptors of the wines and partial mapping paired with ultra flash profiling was used to determine aroma descriptors. Blended wines were described as sweet and fruity or dry and peppery whereas single varietal wines were described based on their body, bitterness, and acidity. Both blended and single varietal wine aromas were described with floral, oak, and fruity aromas with single varietal wines smelling stronger and sharper than blended wines. Consumer acceptability testing of Nova Scotia red wines indicated that the overall liking of flavours and aromas were not significantly different than wines described from California, indicating the importance of locality to Nova Scotia wine consumers.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: Are you bullshitting me?: detecting pseudo-profound bullshit in a decision-making task

contributor:
Rafuse, Autumn (author)
(Mehta, Rick) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
The concept of bullshit (BS) has long been discussed by philosophers, but only recently has BS received attention from the scientific community. Thus far, only correlational research has been conducted, revealing that a variety of relationships exist between BS detection and cognitive variables. The first goal of current study was not only to confirm these relationships, but was also to explore novel associations. The second goal was to better understand how dual information
processing theories are involved in the decision-making task of detecting BS by including experimental manipulation of context based cues. Lastly, it was of interest to confirm the validity of the recently developed Bullshit Receptivity Scale.
Two-hundred and fifty-six students at Acadia University completed an online survey that assessed ability to detect BS statements under different conditions and measured various cognitive and personality factors. Correlation results confirmed previously studied relationships between variables and BS detection ability items, with cognitive reflection and verbal ability having the strongest correlations. ANOVA showed that BS detection could not be influenced by context cues, indicating that activation of each dual-information processing system could not be altered. The validity of the BSR was also supported. Future research is necessary in a variety of areas to confirm the psychological presence of BS.

abstract: Psychology


title: The role of servant-leadership in a western consumer driven society

contributor:
Jennings, Brandon (author)
(Sweatman, Mary) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of servant-leadership within the context of a western, Consumer-driven society. This research focused on ten participants identified as servant-leaders within their community, and who self-identified with the philosophy or qualities of servant-leadership. Before the interview process, literature related to leadership, personal values and money’s effect on happiness were reviewed. After conducting in-depth interviews with each of the participants, it was found that servant-leaders focus heavily on their own personal values and encompass a number of different styles of leadership within their own philosophies.  All the participants believed that empowering followers to grow as human beings is a central role in their lives and organizational results can be a by-product of this growth. Finally, the participants did understand the necessity of money in today’s society, however most of
the participants did not allow money to influence their own definition of wealth or success. Rather, family and loved ones were the participants’ main sources of wealth, and success was based on life satisfaction, altruistic giving and happiness.

abstract: Community Development


title: Fish movement patterns and habitat suitability in Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic site

contributor:
Nilsen, Brandon R. (author)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
(Reid, Darrin) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
Aquatic connectivity is vital to the health of fish populations. Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, have specific connectivity and habitat needs due to physiological limitations including cooler water temperatures and specific breeding site requirements. Parks Canada is currently considering a plan to construct a physical barrier to limit the inevitable spread of Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus dolomieu, and Chain Pickerel, Esox niger in Kejimkujik National Park and Historic Site. When invasive populations invade and become established they have significant negative effects on abundance and diversity
of native fish species. These alien invasive species are not currently within the park; however, they are present in the greater Mersey River watershed that runs through the park. The Peskowesk sub-watershed of the Mersey River is the ideal barrier site to prevent invasion. Therefore, to improve our understanding of movements through this site, 233 fishes were tagged in the Peskowesk sub-watershed with passive integrated transponder tags and movement near the proposed barrier site was recorded using multi-antenna readers. Brook Trout were detected with specific individuals spending multiple days near the Peskowesk Brook antenna array, no detections were recorded on the Cobrielle Brook array. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles were recorded to assess summer season cold-water refugia and allow comparison with historical data from 1971 and 2005. Habitat suitability indicated a decline in the cold-water refugia in the
2018 monitoring period. Initial analysis of historical tagging data (2002–2015) have shown that the number of captures show variation across time and site, it is difficult to interpret this result without an improved understanding of angler effort. Increased knowledge of habitat suitability and movement patterns are critical to the decision-making process for potential barrier construction and provide preliminary information for subsequent aquatic monitoring activities.

abstract: Biology


title: Comparison among four drill holes in the Faribault Brook Formation near the Road 2 showing, western Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Vibert, Brendan (author)
(Barr, Sandra) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
This study focuses on rock core from four vertical holes, each 50-m deep, drilled 50 m apart along a north-south transect in the Faribault Brook Formation near the Road 2 Showing by Globex Mining Enterprises Limited. The Road 2 Showing is one of at least 15 occurrences of sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, and/or native gold in the Faribault Brook Formation of western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia.  Core logging by visual inspection combined with measured magnetic susceptibilities, petrographic study, whole-rock and portable X-ray fluorescence chemical analyses enabled documentation of 6 different metamorphic rock types intruded by unmetamorphosed amygdaloidal basalt and flow-banded and spherulitic rhyolite sills.  Broad correlation can be made between the holes, which consist of mainly metabasalt in the upper 30-35 m underlain by metawacke.  The other metamorphic rock types are minor components that appear to
occur randomly throughout the core.  Like samples from surface outcrops of metabasic rocks in the Faribault Brook Formation reported in other studies the metabasalt shows chemical characteristics of normal mid-ocean ridge basalt erupted or intruded in association with turbiditic wacke and other sedimentary rocks in a back-arc basin.  The unmetamorphosed basalt and rhyolite sills were intruded parallel to layering and foliation in the Faribault Brook Formation close to the Earth's surface after metamorphism and deformation.  Basalt sills range in thickness from a few cm to 3 m and occur throughout the holes; the 3 m-thick rhyolite sill occurs near the bottom of only one hole.  Their petrographic and chemical characteristics suggest that the sills are Late Devonian in age and related to the bimodal volcanic rocks of the Fisset Brook Formation,formed in a within-plate extensional tectonic setting.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Nest density of orange-belted bumble bees (Bombus ternarius) in Atlantic Canadian agroecosystems

contributor:
Burgess, Brock (author)
(Javorek, Steve) (Thesis advisor)
(Shutler, Dave) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
Pollination services are essential for global biodiversity and agricultural production. Global pollinator declines have been well documented, putting delivery of these services at risk. Despite global importance of wild pollinators such as bumble bees (Bombus spp.), little research has investigated their nesting preferences. As a ubiquitous species in Atlantic Canada, orange-belted bumble bees (hereafter, bumble bees), B. ternarius, provide important pollination services, making them an ideal candidate for this study. Objectives of this study were (1) to use microsatellites to estimate sibling relationships (thus, indirectly, nest density) in worker bumble bees in agroecosystems and (2) to evaluate the relationships between bumble bee nest density and land cover distribution. Six microsatellites were amplified in bumble bee worker DNA and relatedness (nest density) was estimated using COLONY software. This was the first study to use ArcGIS and FRAGSTATS to evaluate
the relationship between nest densities and land cover distribution. Of three selected sites, highest bumble bee nest
density was found around a lowbush blueberry agroecosystem. Limitations of having only three sites prevent firm deductions but it is clear that bumble bees have complex interactions at both floral and landscape scales. Results strongly encourage future research that includes more sites as well as a detailed evaluation of bumble bee floral resource relationships. This is valuable information that would allow one to give recommendations to farmers on what or how they should supplement their crops to attract more wild pollinators to their fields, which will increase crop yields

abstract: Biology


title: The impact of intensive short-term steam engagement on girls' self-efficacy, belongingness, and career aspirations in science

contributor:
Keating, Cali R. M. (author)
(Newman, Randy Lynn) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2018

abstract:
The term STEM has long been used to represent the domains of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. However, as the arts provide a unique and innovative point of view to approaching traditional STEM problems, arts have recently been included (i.e., STEAM). Although STEAM industries have grown exponentially, the proportion of women in such careers has remained low. Evidence has suggested that stereotypes, gender biases, and parental attitudes can impact girls’ self-efficacy and perceived belongingness in STEAM from preschool throughout university. To better engage girls in STEAM, the Women in Science and Engineering (WISE) Acadia group from Acadia University created an annual summer retreat for girls in grades seven and eight to learn about STEAM through engaging activities and active mentorship. The
present study evaluated girls’ self-efficacy, sense of belonging, and career interests, along with parental attitudes toward STEAM, prior to and after the WISE Acadia Science Retreat (n = 30, MAGE= 12years). Results indicated that parental attitudes toward STEAM did not impact girls’ self-efficacy, sense of belonging, and career interests in STEAM prior to the camp. However, significant improvements in belongingness and career interest in STEAM scores were observed following the camp, suggesting that the camp impacted girls’ views toward STEAM. Furthermore, there was an overall positive view of the WISE Acadia Science retreat, indicating that the girls had a positive experience from engagement

abstract: Psychology