title: Synthetic Data Generator for User Behavioral Analytics Systems

abstract: Most User Behavioral Analytics (UBA) applications rely on the distributions and baselines of users and are sensitive to the changes in these patterns. Development and testing of these applications need synthetic data as the availability of the real data is usually scarce. Synthetic data generated must follow these patterns, or else the results can be noisy. Through this work, we present a data generation technique, which could be utilized by UBA applications. The proposed system extracts the patterns of data attributes by considering the dependencies between them. The extracted patterns can be used any number of time to generate data. Additionally, we also generate synthetic users, whose behaviors and distributions are similar to that of real users. Our experiments show that the synthetic data captures the required patterns and relations from the real data. We also show that our data generation process can be scaled linearly to the available processors.


title: Data Science Research to Support Stem Cell Therapy for Muscular Dystrophy

abstract: This thesis project focused on using a sequence-based, high-performance computational tool to design synthetic proteins and is part of current collaborative research on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). A possible treatment for DMD consists of injecting patients with healthy muscle satellite cells grown in tissue culture. However, such cells cannot currently be produced in quantity because they convert to muscle cells (differentiate) prematurely. Using InSiPS, the In-Silico Protein Synthesizer, protein sequences were designed to interact with target proteins and inhibit the protein-protein interaction proposed to regulate the premature differentiation. The resulting sequences were predicted to interact with the target proteins with high specificity (99.98%). Complementary biochemistry experiments indicated interactions with the intended target for two out of ten synthetic proteins. These results are being studied as part of the ongoing research seeking to develop a treatment for DMD.


title: Improved Activity-Based Model for Mega-Events

abstract:
The multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model is an advanced model used to estimate activity duration. It contains three parameters: baseline utility, translating satiation, and pure satiation. The translating satiation parameter is expected to capture the constant marginal utility effect, but it does not. Therefore, a modified model was developed that adds a fourth parameter (the power parameter) to the translating satiation parameter to capture the constant marginal utility effect. In addition, this research applies the power parameter to either and both the translating satiation parameter and the pure satiation parameter to examine effects of the parameters’ interaction to further improve the MDCEV model’s accuracy. The proposed model was applied to data sets from two countries, Saudi Arabia and Germany, to test the applicability of the modified model to any data set. This research found that adding the power parameter exclusively to the translating satiation parameter was the best model structure to maximize the accuracy of the MDCEV model for both data sets. Because an activity duration model is part of an activity-based travel demand framework, this improvement will lead to better predictability of activity-based travel demand. As a result, transportation planners can make appropriate decisions regarding future transportation infrastructure projects, which in turn will lead to a reduction in costs associated with these projects and decreased delays for transportation system users.
The main step in estimating travel demand is establishing the modeling framework. Conceptual travel demand modeling frameworks for mega-events were established based on a literature review of frameworks and the studies that form the skeleton of these frameworks. Studies performed on mega-events demonstrated the importance of modeling mega-events separately from regular daily activities. Studies conducted on market segmentation shed light on the importance of modeling mega-events participants separately from nonparticipants and have resulted in improved guidelines for mega-event host cities aiming to reduce road network congestion. Criteria were established to select statistical software suitable for project inputs (e.g., project size). Finally, the estimated modified MDCEV model was generalized for use in transportation planning around the globe where limited planning models are available.


title: Evaluation of the Signal Quality of Wrist-Based Photoplethysmography

abstract: Detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation requires continuous cardiovascular monitoring due to its episodic nature. Such monitoring is impractical with electrocardiogram Holter monitors, which are the currently employed for ambulatory cardiovascular monitoring, but are cumbersome for prolonged use. This thesis studies monitoring using photoplethysmography (PPG) devices, which may be embedded into wristband devices which can be easily worn continuously. However, the quality of wrist-based PPG is highly variable, and is subject to artifacts from motion and other interferences. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the signal quality obtained from wrist-based PPG when used in an ambulatory setting. Ambulatory data is collected over a 24-hour period for 10 elderly, and 16 non-elderly participants. Visual assessment is used as the gold standard for PPG signal quality, with Fleiss's Kappa being used to evaluate the agreement between raters. With this gold standard, 5 classifiers are evaluated using a modified 13-fold cross-validation approach.


title: Controlling Secondary Flows in Highly-Loaded Compressor Cascades

abstract: This thesis documents the experimental results of a research program investigating the effect of non-axisymmetric endwall contouring on the secondary flows and loss generation in a highly-loaded compressor cascade. The results are compared with the losses for the baseline flat endwall in order to evaluate the potential benefits.The research showed that the application of non-axisymmetric endwall contouring at design incidence modified the secondary flows near the endwall, mitigating the corner stall. The benefits from contouring were observed in terms of reductions in the secondary losses and in the underturning of the secondary flows compared to the flat endwall test case. However, these benefits were not observed at the off-design incidence studied. The application of endwall contouring generated higher secondary kinetic energy near the endwall, which penetrated deeper along the span and occupied a larger area, resulting in higher secondary and total losses as it dissipated moving downstream of the cascade.


title: Fabrication of Long Range Surface Plasmon Polariton Biosensors Incorporating a Channel Etch Stop Layer and Wafer Bonded Cover

abstract: This thesis presents the micro-fabrication process of a Long Range Surface Plasmon Polariton (LRSPP) biosensor device. The fabrication process was modified in two aspects which include adding a channel etch stop layer to improve the accuracy and uniformity of channels in the device and replacing the photoresist etching mask by an Al etching mask to avoid the thermal cracking. The optical performance of the fabricated chips shows that the biosensor has a 5.03dB/mm attenuation loss and has a 0.10dB response for a monolayer of BSA on Au waveguides. CYTOP bonding process was introduced in the fabrication of the device that incorporates a glass cover. A glass wafer was successfully bonded to a silicon wafer by CYTOP bonding process to seal the channels, which ensured an isolated testing environment for the biochemical fluid.


title: Improved Method for Airborne Photogrammetry Using Small Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles in Recording Existing and Historic Structures

abstract: This research's objective was to investigate an alternative cost effective means of direct georeferencing for airborne photogrammetry using small UAVs. Through added computational functionality, a custom data acquisition script was developed to directly associate the aircraft's position and orientation to an image being captured in real time. The implemented system was tested by conducting an aerial survey on River Field, located on the campus of Carleton University. A comparison between the data recorded from the aircraft's telemetry log with the results obtained from the custom data acquisition script was conducted to verify its efficacy. The calculated parameters of exterior orientation for the direct and assisted methods were then compared to the reference values determined through indirect georeferencing. Additionally, a comparison of the generated 3D point clouds was undertaken. The results showed good agreement between the point clouds generated through direct and assisted georeferencing with the reference point cloud.


title: Understanding the Role and Value of Participatory Mapping in an Inuit Knowledge Research Context

abstract: Participatory mapping has had a long history in the Arctic, particularly since the Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project (ILUOP) undertaken from 1973 - 75. Despite its widespread use, there has been little critical assessment of the role and value of participatory mapping in an Inuit cultural context. In particular, this study investigates the role and value of participatory mapping for learning, documenting, and representing Inuit cultural and geographical knowledge through both a comprehensive literature review and key informant interviews. Findings indicate that methods employed have largely remained consistent from the ILUOP – present. Participatory mapping is seen as valuable for both how it can record Inuit knowledge, as well as for the process of engagement that it supports. The role and value of participatory mapping is also discussed in relation to meeting diverse project objectives and the ability to facilitate knowledge exchange.


The mine sequence of the central Noranda volcanic complex : geology, alteration massive sulphide deposits and volcanological reconstruction


title: The relationship between the union leadership and the working class : the Common Front strike of 1972 and the Operation Solidarity Movement of 1983 in Canada

abstract:
This thesis aims to situate the working class uprisings in Quebec in 1972 and British Columbia in 1983 in order to explain and compare the manner in which the official union leadership related to the working class. It is argued that the ability and willingness of the working class to engage in militant activity independently from the official union leadership is largely a function of their confidence in facing employers and that the level of this confidence is mediated by the corresponding set of political, economic and historical circumstances within which the struggle is situated.
The events which preceded and accompanied the struggle of the Common Front strike of 1972 bred confidence in the working class and created a climate amenable to ideas that saw the proletariat as central to a liberation strategy. The working class achieved a heightened level of consciousness and  organizeditself into various left-wing political groupings, citizens coalitions, agitational groups, shop-floor organizations and student groups which prepared it for its spontaneous uprising in May of 1972 where they seized control of entire towns, workplaces, radio and television stations without the official endorsement of the leadership of the Common Front which watched on from behind bars in astonishment.
An international capitalist crisis gave initiative to a new employers' offensive in Canada by the 1970's and the workers' movement found the terrain of the class struggle far more demanding and suffered a series of defeats that pushed it from struggles characterized by their "offensive" nature, to the type typified by the Operation Soldarity strikes - a defensive fight for, at best, the preservation of existing conditions against an employers' offensive. During such periods where workers are demoralized, sectionalized and unorganized at the shop floor level and the community level, they are apt to look at the official union leadership to direct and lead the struggle. While the working class initiated confident challenges to capital and sometimes even the official union leadership in Quebec during 1972, by 1983, in British Columbla, the working class forms of organization had eroded and broken down. While union leaderships manage conflict, the precise manner in which they attempt to tailor militancy is mediated by the organizational, ideological, historical and political past of the workers' movement.


title: Emotional distress and relational factors in adolescent children of chronic pain patients

abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine emotional distress and relational factors in adolescent children of chronic pain patients. The study examined the role of several variables in the mediation of adolescent emotional distress including the gender of chronic pain patients and their adolescent children, parental depressive symptomatology, level of disability, marital adjustment, hostility,and the parent/adolescent relationship. A total of 38 chronic pain patients and their adolescent children (age 12-17) agreed to participate. The sample was divided into 10 mother/daughter dyads, 10 mother/son dyads, 9 father/daughter dyads, and 9 father/son dyads. Results revealed adolescent emotional distress to be similar to that found in previous literature. Adolescent children of chronic pain patients reported relatively low levels of emotional distress. Low levels of emotional distress were supported by interviews with the adolescents. Analyses of gender differences revealed depressive symptomatology to be significantly greater in female adolescents than in male adolescents. Results also revealed that gender of the parent was related to adolescent emotional functioning. Correlations suggested that mothers' chronic pain was less positively related to child emotional functioning, whereas fathers' chronic pain was more positively related to child emotional functioning. Suggestions for future research are discussed.


title: Three approaches to the camera arrangement in video mail

abstract: Three camera-arrangements, differing in number and location of video cameras, were compared in a prototype video-mail system using a between-subjects design. Subjects viewed and created video-mail messages containing shots of faces, objects and computers. Subjects rated their satisfaction with their camera arrangement, the convenience and importance of different types of shots in video-mail, and described their ideal video-mail system. Subjects found object shots to be more important than face shots, although face shots were easier to obtain than object shots in the two arrangements that had front-located cameras. Face shots were frequently included by subjects in all conditions. Satisfaction with the camera arrangements was not rated highly in any of the conditions. Improvements include better support for object and computer shots and the inclusion of face shots at the user's discretion.


title: Theoretical and experimental studies of compton scatter densitometry

abstract: The effects of multiple scattering in X-ray Compton scatter densitometry is discussed. A mathematical expression for double scattering intensity is derived. A reduction of about 50% in the observed discrepancy between the Compton density and the Archimedes density is achieved. A Compton scatter densitometry equation which includes both the incoherent and coherent scattering cross-sections is proposed.


title: An investigation of space-time increment size on numerically calculated weld thermal cycles

abstract:
A one-dimensional heat flow model for calculating the thermal history of welds is investigated in this thesis. The cooling time between 800°C and 500°C (Δτ800-500) and the cooling rate at 704°C (R704°C) parameters are used to describe the thermal cycle. Experimental cooling times (Δτ800-500) and cooling rates (R704°C) for steel welds are compared to values calculated by analytical and numerical methods.
In particular the limitations of the numerical methods caused by using discrete increments for approximating continuous space and time are dealt with in detail. It is found that only two elements in the fusion zone and two elements in the heat-affeected zone are sufficient to provide reliable thermal history calculations (Δτ800-500, R704°C). In addition a time increment of less than 0.04 sec. is necessary to ensure reasonable calculation accuracy. The relatively large space increments and small time increment limits are well suited to the explicit finite difference calculation technique. It is shown in fact that in some cases less computer run time is needed for the easily formulated explicit method where there are space/time calculation limits than for the implicit matrix method where there are no such limits.
While the results presented in this thesis are strictly speaking only valid for welds that can be approximated by one-dimensional heat flow and where the heat input is approximately (810 J/cm^2), this author suggests that the above conclusions most likely apply to a wide range of welding situations.
The one-dimensional analytical relationships established by Passoja and Rajkumar provide cooling times (Δτ800-500) some 100% higher than those measured experimentally. On the other hand numerical calculations and experimental values agree within 20%.


title: Escaping girlhood : gender and growth in four works by Margaret Laurence and Alice Munro

abstract: Margaret Laurence and Alice Munro are two of many Canadian women writers who, during the last three decades, have chosen to write novels of female development. In A Bird in the House, The Diviners, Lives of Girls and Women and Who Do You Think You Are? Laurence and Munro depict strong, young heroines growing up in repressive, small-town Canada, and they show how patriarchal society restricts the spiritual and creative development of young women. This thesis looks at four major works of fiction by two of Canada's foremost authors in an attempt to identify common characters, themes, events and structures, and to formulate a model of the modern Canadian female Bildungsroman.


title: A resonance electronic raman effect

abstract:
Part the Raman spectrum of a single crystal of terbium aluminium garnet was studied using various exciting frequencies. A strong electronic peak corresponding to a transition within the 7F6 manifold was observed at 84 cm^-1. The dependence of the electronic peak intensity on exciting frequency was investigated by comparison with the phonon modes at 139 cm^-1 and 266.8 cm^-1, the latter being used as internal standards. Intensity ratios were thus calculated and interpreted on the basis of a modified version of Placzek's polarizability model.
These measurements showed a resonance enhancement of the electronic Raman transition as the incident radiation frequency approached the frequency of absorption, that is, there was a definite pre-resonance Raman effect involved.


title: Application of amplified fragment length polymorphism-derived genetic markers to address life-history hypotheses

abstract: The focus of this thesis was to optimize Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technologies and develop AFLP-based genetic markers to address specific life-history questions related to the damselfly, Nesobasis rufostigma. Optimization of AFLP marker production targeted small (< 0.25 mm3) tissue samples and focussed on several key steps in the process. In order to reduce the number of analyzable markers to a more manageable number, a process was developed and evaluated by which discrete PCR-based markers were obtained from AFLPs. The genetic markers developed in this study were used to assess life-history questions such as relatedness, paternity and mode of reproduction with the damselfly N. rufostigma. Through genotypic comparisons of female adults and their offspring it was established that N. rufostigma reproduces sexually, and not via parthenogenesis, as originally hypothesized. These comparisons also suggested that some broods were sired by multiple males.


Collective bargaining for professional engineers in the Canadian civil service


title: Modelling the behaviour of bolted composite material connections

abstract:
This thesis proposes a model to predict the through-thickness behaviour of bolted fibre reinforced composite joints. Although work has been done to predict the stress distributions in thin composite plates that are loaded by a transverse pin, these models do not take into account the contribution of the fastener behaviour on the joint performance. Fastener flexibility, rotational restraint of the fastener ends, axial forces in the fastener, and interface characteristics between the joint members will all affect the strength and stiffness of the joint.
The proposed model combines the results of two planar analyses. The first analysis, which models a non-rigid pin loaded plate, analyzes the pin-plate contact problem and determines the relationship between the load on the pin and the embedment of the pin into the plate. The plate represents a single lamina, composed of unidirectional fibres that are held together in a matrix material and are defined by a unique load to fibre angle. A finite element computer code was developed to solve contact problem. Confidence was gained on the computer code by solving standard test problems. The second analysis models the non-rigid bolted assembly made up of a bolt, passing through two or more composite members, loaded in single or double shear. The bolt is modelled as a beam on an inelastic, nonlinear foundation, where the properties of the foundation, obtained from the first analysis, change through the thickness of the member corresponding to the load-embedment relationship for each lamina crossed by the bolt. An existing computer program was used for the second part of the analysis. The strength and stiffness of a composite material joint was evaluated by using the two-part model to show the applicability of the proposed model.


title: Synthetic landscapes : the architecture of remembrance and anticipation

abstract: The landscape is not natural as we perceive it to be; it is a product of human thought and action. As such manipulation occurs, the very artifact from which Canadians derive their national identity is being lost. Preservation of that identity and history now requires that human-made artifacts no longer act independently of the seemingly natural landscape. Instead, a truly contemporary understanding of our surroundings must engage the opposition between nature and artifice. This thesis investigates how architecture could become a didactic spectator of contemporary surroundings which integrate and announce the relationship between the natural and artificial, while also preserve and reveal memory native to a site.


title: The Hong Kong squatter community : a question of multiple meanings and interpretations

abstract: A better understanding of the squatter communities of Hong Kong is achieved by utilizing three related, though analytically distinct theoretical perspectives. On the level of interpersonal relationships, the community is seen to be the major context in which the squatters interact with each other. Four features of the squatter community: its relatively long and stable history; the common physical and social hardships faced by its inhabitants; the open structure of the community which encourages the children's communal play patterns; and the strong ties retained with the Chinese heritage, are shown to allow communal values to be strongly expressed in the squatters' daily lives. On the macro-level, the community is found to be a location within the power structure of Hong Kong society, which is characterized by minimal input into important decision making bodies and by the inability to resist exploitation by the powerful organizations which dominate Hong Kong. And on the cultural level, the squatter community is seen as a cultural message about the less of traditional Chinese values; the exploitation of the Chinese populus, the ever increasing poverty of culture; and the inability of the people to affect social change.


title: A model for a university timesharing computer

abstract: The Carleton University Honeywell Level 66 computer system has been modelled by a closed queueing network consisting of a central CPU with disks and front end processors as the input-output devices. Terminal input proceeds through a front end processor. Data gathered from the system was used to find the mean device service times and the inter-device branching ratios, the parameters required to evaluate the system models. The models represent the system behaviour quite well. A comparison between the Honeywell system and the University's older Xerox system indicates that the two systems are roughly equivalent with the Xerox system having an advantage in the number of online users which may be supported for a reasonable response time. The models suggest that the CPU is the bottleneck and that a dual CPU or faster CPU would cause a considerable improvement.


title: Foucault's move beyond hermeneutics

abstract: The purpose of this essay is to bring out the relevance of Foucault's move beyond theories which ultimately explain all practices by reducing them to the intentional activity of human subjects, that is, beyond philosophical humanism. Sartre's works are discussed first: in his later writings Sartre developed a notion — the "practico-inert" — which allows worked, scarce matter to significantly determine practices. However, he ultimately undermined this anti-humanist position by reducing the constitution of the practico-inert itself to intentional human activity. Next, Heidegger's attempts to transcend the parameters of philosophical humanism by situating intentional activity on the base of "Being" are considered. Yet Heidegger's hermeneutic approach slips into humanism because it relies on an understanding of history which ultimately reduces all practices to the intentional activity of subjects. Finally Foucault's "archaeological" work is discussed, pointing toward an opening which displaces the space of philosophical humanism as it moves beyond hermeneutics.


title: A study of Fraxinus americana L. and Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. in the Ottawa district

abstract:
Fraxinus americana L. and F. pennsylvanica Marsh. were studied to determine whether these species are distinct in the Ottawa district. Five populations (two red ash, two white ash and one mixed population) were selected for study. Each tree was mapped and tagged, and from 1966-I969, fruiting and flowering behaviour was studied. In 1966, using twigs collected from the study populations plus an additional group of trees on King Mountain, measurements were made of growth of new twigs, and length of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth leaves. The ontogenetically second leaf (usually the largest in both species) was selected for intensive study of the following characteristics: length, width, distance from apex to point of greatest width, and petiolule length of apical pinna; the same measurements for one of each pair of lateral pinnae; length of petiole; and length of rachil sections. Morphological types of the base and apex of pinnae of the second leaf were determined. Leaf and twig morphology was investigated in an attempt to discover new distinctive characters for white and red ash. The possibility of a distinction in growth rates was investigated using leaves and twigs of several seasons. Teratologies were noted and recorded for the two species. A hybrid index, using twelve characteristics, was produced for the red and white ash. Finally, to attempt an answer to the question of potential species compatability, an experimental cross between a red ash female and a white ash male was successfully made in 1969, and the resultant seeds were planted.
In flowering and seed production the red ash proved to be superior to the white ash. Its blooming period was generally earlier than the white ash, although each year the flowering periods of some members of both species were found to overlap. Temperature appeared to be the prime factor which influenced flowering; white ash requiring higher mean day temperatures to commence flowering than the red ash. Low temperatures retarded flowering and vegetative growth, while frosts often damaged male inflorescences (female inflorescences being more frost resistant) and developing leaves and twigs. Fruit set for both species was highly variable, and high rates of seed failure were not uncommon.
Measurements of vegetative parts, with the exception of petiolule length, showed that these characters strongly overlapped in the two species. The red and white ash also displayed a similar range of apical and basal pinna shapes. However, there are at least nine reasonably distinctive characters which can distinguish between the red and white ash, so that the problem of using a key based on flowers and fruit (which are often lacking in ash specimens may be successfully bypassed.
Eleven apparently natural teratologies were found in the two species; of these the most abundant teratology was "irregular leaflet apices".
Although most of the trees qualified as distinct species, the hybrid index suggested that about 5% of the entire study group might qualify as introgressed hybrids. The possibility of hybridity was proven with the successful interspecific cross made in 1969, and the subsequent 80% seed germination.
The red and white ash are not particularly allopatric, although in this study the majority of these trees were found to be more or less, ecologically distinct. The red ash (growing on xeric, mesic and wet sites), however, exhibited a wider range of ecological amplitude than the white ash (which grew on mesic and xeric sites).
Taxonomically, the red ash and white ash, as they occur in the Ottawa area, would appear to function as distinct species, although they are not reproductively incompatible, so that wherever the two species are found in close proximity, hybridization of the two species becomes a possibility. The presence of atypical ash trees must therefore be expected, wherever the two species are found in the same stand.


title: Seizure development in kindling fast and kindling slow rat strains

abstract: It is evident that some forms of epilepsy are mediated by genetic factors. Experimental models, based on the susceptibility to various seizure provoking stimuli, have been developed to examine the underlying mechanisms of genetically determined seizure disorders. One such model is based on the susceptibility to amygdala kindling stimulation in two selectively bred rat strains. In the present study, kindling FAST and kindling SLOW rat strains were shown to exhibit differences in the development and subsequent manifestation of amygdala kindled seizures. SLOW animals required far more stimulations than FAST animals to elicit the first stage 5 generalized seizure. The behavioral responses associated with these generalized seizures were markedly different for the two strains. Partial seizure development was also significantly retarded in the SLOW strain compared to the FAST strain. Differences were further evident after partial seizures were developed. While SLOW animals exhibited protracted partial seizures over many trials, partial seizures in FAST animals were elicited on only a few trials before generalized seizures were developed. Additional strain differences were observed in the manifestation of spontaneous interictal spikes (IIS). IISs were seen only in the SLOW strain and appeared to correlate positively with kindling development; i.e., higher kindling scores were associated with a higher frequency of IISs. Finally, norepinephrine (NE) levels in naive animals were found to be higher in the SLOW strain compared to the FAST strain. Taken together, the results suggest that strain differences are related to the efficacy of inhibitory systems. In the SLOW strain, it appears that recruitment of seizure and/or access to pathways triggering convulsive behavior is inhibited, resulting in low susceptibility to amygdala kindling stimulation.


Le Francais parle en Ontario : comportements et attitudes linguistiques d'adolescents en milieu scolaire


title: Differences among pre-schoolers on the reflectivity-impulsivity dimension : a psychophysical analysis

abstract:
A critical review is made of Kagan's conceptualization of the cognitive style dimension of reflectivity-impulsivity as being indicative of stable differences in children's problem solving abilities. Kagan's approach is criticized on both methodological and conceptual grounds. The Matching Familiar Figures test (MFF) and the Kansas Refleetion-Impulsivity Scale for Preschoolers (KRISP) allow individuals to trade speed for accuracy. Both tests indicate different speed-accuracy tradeoff strategies which result from different interpretations of explicit and implicit instructions.
The stability of differences in problem solving as measured by the KRISP was investigated in the present experiment. Forty-one pre-school children were categorized according to cognitive style by means of the KRISP. Subsequently, each child did a 'forced-choice' line discrimination task. The results indicate (1) that the reflective-impulsive dimension does not represent stable differences in problem solving abilities, and (2) that reflective children do not engage in more efficient and detailed processing than impulsive children. It was found that the percentage of correct responses on the line discrimination task was equivalent for the two groups, and that whereas impulsive children adopted different strategies for easy and difficult discriminations, reflective children did not.
Concerning the total population of pre-school children, it was discovered that they use both the differences and the ratios of the pairs of line lengths to make their decisions. This, as well as the finding of a "distance effect" (the more different the choices the faster the decision time) suggests that the ways in which children store information and make decisions are analogous to those of adults.


title: The effects of crime type and evidence strength on jury verdicts and juror decision making

creator: Dubreuil, Susan C. (Susan Catherine), 1963-

abstract:
Carleton University undergraduate students role played mock jurors in a simulated sexual assault or robbery trial. Juries were randomly assigned to one of the cells of a 3 x 2 (3 levels of evidence x 2 types of crime) between groups design with the restriction of ten juries per condition. Juries were presented with an audio visual synopsis of the trial and then deliberated to a verdict of innocence or guilt.
In the strong evidence condition juries that tried the robbery case returned significantly more guilty verdicts than juries that tried the sexual assault case. More specifically, ninety percent of the juries that tried the strong robbery case returned guilty verdicts as opposed to fifty percent of the juries that tried the strong evidence sexual assault case. However, when the evidence was weak or moderate jury verdicts did not differ across crime type. When the evidence was moderately strong female jurors who tried the sexual assault case were significantly more likely to return guilty verdicts than female jurors who tried the robbery case. The implications of these findings are discussed.


title: "The Modern chivalry" : women and the Knights of Labor in Ontario, 1880-1891

abstract:
The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor was the most significant labor organization in nineteenth century North America. Part trade union, part social reform movement, the Knights organized hundreds of thousands of workers across the continent, and initiated countless major strikes, particularly during the 1880's.
The Knights were the first major union to attempt to make unions accessible to a broad range of workers. At a time when most unions were the preserve of highly skilled, white, male workers, the Knights organized blacks, some immigrants and women. This thesis examines the relationship between women and the Knights of Labor in Ontario in the 1880's.
The Knights organized women workers, and they also supported an impressive 'feminist' platform of social reform. They endorsed every major feminist demand in the nineteenth century, from suffrage to temperance to equal pay. In Canada, they campaigned successfully for the first sexual harassment legislation. This platform is particularly significant when set next to prevailing restrictive notions of femininity and 'true womanhood'.
Yet the Knights were also a male dominated organization. While the 'space' they opened for working class women was important, it was not without its own set of limitations and restrictions. Within the context of contemporary debates about the intersections of class and gender, this thesis examines the contradictions and tension in the Order's feminist ideology.


title: Daily press and the Beauharnois power project, 1928-1933

abstract:
The daily press serves a function which is greater than the mere dissemination of objective news reports. By analysing the Beauharnois Power project one can gain some insight into the manner in which the national newspapers helped to shape the Canadian political and economic fabric during the period that the nation was industrializing. The press, in its self-appointed role as the disciple of economic expansion and the defender of the national welfare, served as an influential conservative force in the Canadian community.
Beauharnois Power case, which gained a great deal of public attention, presented the media with the necessity of contending with some serious questioning of the status quo which had been responsible for the rapid economic expansion of the previous decades. The response of the daily press to these inconsistencies between theory and practise amounted to a firm defence of all the facets of the existing political economy. This staunch conservatism, however, was often obscured by the tendency of the press to indulge in partisan, regional and racial debate. Rather than weakening the ideological message of the press these diversions created the illusion that there was no serious challenge to the political and economic ideals which were shared by the public. The unanimity of the press served to reinforce its credibility, and in turn to ensure its role as a conservative force in Canadian society.


title: Rethinking pastoralism : the case of the Masai

abstract:
Anthropological discussions of pastoralists often rank groups along a continuum from partial to "pure" pastoralists. This approach is criticized and an ecological perspective in "defining" pastoralists is advocated.
Anthropologists have presented one group of pastoralists, the Masai, in a particularly coonfusing manner. On the one hand, the Masai are put forward as the ideal example of a herding society. But paradoxically, their reported exclusive subsistence on cattle has led researchers to single them out as unique and anomalous. This thesis argues that such a perception of the Masai is in error. It is a view that stems 1) fron a continuum approach to ranking pastoralists which thereby creates a need for a "pure" form, 2) fron a romanticized view of the Masai which neglects the roles in their society of trade, other livestock and women, 3) from a male bias among researchers, and 4) from a failure of researchers to distinguish between what informants say, and what actually exists.


title: The Inuit parka : a preliminary study

abstract:
Historically, ethnographers have perceived the Inuit parka as an ingenious but exclusively utilitarian response to the severe climate of the Arctic. Although preliminary in its nature, this thesis examines the parka as an essential and vital element of Inuit intellectual, spiritual and material culture. It presents the woman's parka as both a functional and symbolic reference to maternity; the man's parka as an essential tool of the hunt which assists the hunter on both an actual and symbolic level in the pursuit of the animal; and the clothing of children as a means of acquainting the young with their prospective roles and future responsibilities within Inuit society.
This survey of museum collections includes a limited sample of ceremonial costume, particularly the vestments of the shaman, which offer clues to deciphering formal design elements of the parka and to revealing certain prehistoric references embodied in the outward appearance and actual construction of the parka.


title: Operating characteristics, programming and charge loss mechanisms of VMOS EPROM transistors

abstract:
Floating-gate MOS transistors for Eraseable, Programmable, Read-only Memory (EPROM) application have been fabricated in V-groove Metal Oxide Semiconductor (VMOS) technology.
The operating characteristics of different configurations of transistors fabricated in the VMOS EPROM process have been analyzed. The purpose of this analysis was to determine a basis of comparison for devices fabricated in different ways, especially with regard to capacitive coupling to the floating gate, effects on threshold of drain and substrate (pi-layer) bias and breakdown conditions.
Previous methods of fabricating EPROMs and theories of charge injection were reviewed and related to the VMOS EPROM. Programmability was measured and analyzed in the light of the theories of charge injection. The importance of electron scattering in the image force potential well in the silicon dioxide was pointed out. Charge loss due to ultraviolet light erasure, intergate leakage, hole injection and long term temperature stress were measured and analyzed.


title: Visual processing and visual short term memory in reading delayed adolescents

abstract:
This study examined visual processing and visual short term memory in 14 reading delayed and control adolescents (17-19 years). Subjects were administered a reading test, a measure of general intelligence and two computerized memory tasks. In the first task, subjects were presented 36 paired-associate items in four combinations of pictures and words and subsequently tested for both immediate and delayed cued recall. A second task involved the visual examination of 24 pairs of random shapes or geometric designs presented simultaneously or successively.
The results of test 1 revealed that performance for both groups improved from immediate recall to delayed recall, indicating that both groups effectively used encoding strategies, such as rehearsal. The picture-word combination was the most accurately recalled for both groups, suggesting that pictures as stimuli were an effective aid to recall when words were paired as response items. Performance between groups did not differ for either the paired-associate combinations or the immediate and delayed recall trials, suggesting that deficits in short term memory or transfer to long term memory are not strongly associated with reading difficulties in adolescents.
The results of test 2 revealed that performance for the simultaneous display was superior to the successive display for both groups, suggesting that perceptual processing was more efficient than visual short term memory in making visual discriminations. Significant differences also were found between random shapes and geometric designs for both groups, suggesting that both groups had less difficulty processing information that could be verbally encoded. No significant differences were found between groups for either visual processing or visual short term memory, suggesting that visual processing deficits and visual short term memory deficits are not associated with reading difficulties in adolescents. Future research on adolescent reading difficulties should concentrate on other processes associated with reading, such as encoding strategies, attentional capacity, and the internal processing of abstract information.


title: Jung I versus Jung II

abstract:
The Thesis discusses Carl Gustav Jung's correspondence with his less known correspondents, especially the letters from the two volumes and some selected letters from Collected Works, volume 18. It answers the questions below, central to Jung's psychology of religion:
Is there for Jung a reality of an extra-psychic, objective God beyond the psyche?
Is Jung's claim that his psychology is a form of empirical science undermined by a latent metaphysics in his understanding of the psyche?
The conclusions of the Thesis are as follows:
To the question about the reality of an extrapsychic being Jung does not take a definitive stand is his correspondence, as he did not take one in his scientific work. Certain texts imply that there is no God beyond the psyche. In others he says the question is beyond his competence as a psychologist. The wider framework of his psychology may favour the first set of statements.
For Jung "empirical data" lead to a specific religious implication. There is a latent metaphysics in Jung's works that his well known correspondents (Martin Buber and Victor White) and many of his less known correspondents questioned.


title: An analysis of Japanese foreign policy behavior : 1905-1941

abstract: This study attempts to analyze Japanese foreign policy behavior in the 1905 - 1941 period. The two central themes explored in the analysis are lateral pressure and status inconsistency. To illustrate the themes the study draws upon diplomatic history and social psychology. The study is an exploratory one which offers a theoretical not empirical analysis although some operational measures are offered. A modest attempt is made to demonstrate how diplomatic history and social science, rather than being distinct fields of study, should be fused to achieve a fuller explanatory capability. Moreover the study also attempts, in an equally modest way, to explore the potential relevancy of social-psychology research to the study of international relations, specifically studies on the origins of war. Specifically the study is concerned with why Japan decided to enter the Second World War at the end of 1941. In general it is hoped that the ideas explored will in some way cast some light on the broader question 'why war'.


title: Estimation of event-related signals in noise from polarity measurements

abstract: This report is concerned with the estimation of noisy signals which are time-locked to the occurrence of a reference event (usually a stimulus). By employing a simple additive model for the signal and noise processes involved, it is shown that the signal may be estimated using polarity measurements taken from the noisy signal. This estimation method, called "polarity estimation", is compared with the more traditional method of estimation by signal averaging by both analytical means and by computer simulation experiments. Both the mathematical analysis and the computer simulation experiments indicate that the polarity estimation method works for small signal-to-noise ratios, but fails when the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement data greatly exceeds unity; by contrast, this is when signal averaging works best. In addition, signal averaging is shown analytically and emperically to work better than polarity estimation from a mean-square error viewpoint.


title: Kinetic effect of some straight chain aliphatic amines on yeast alcohol dehydrogenase

abstract: Initial rate studies of the forward reaction, for Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase, were carried out with varying concentration of several straight chain aliphatic monoamines and diamines over the pH range from 8.0 to 10.5. Aliphatic amines appear to either activate or inhibit Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase for a pH less than or greater than 9.5 respectively. The concentration of the amine enhances the observed activation or inhibition. The rotonated amine activates while the nonprotonated amine inhibits the enzyme. When both amine species are present in solution the observed effect will depend on the magnitude of the two opposing reactions. The rotonated amine acts as a modifier for the enzyme while the nonprotonated amine competes with B-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for the coenzyme active site. All data were treated by a weighted least squares method.


title: Transfer to adult court : punitive approaches to youth justice and their implications for violent young offenders

abstract: This study will examine the relationship between punitive reforms to provisions of the youth justice system dealing with violent young offenders and patterns of violent youth crime over time in order to show that the current trend of government to increasingly transfer violent young offenders to adult court is inappropriate and unwarranted. This thesis will show that there has been relative stability in the patterns of violent youth crime both historically and in recent years but that changes to the way the youth justice system deals with violent young offenders to make its approach more punitive dictate that there is a crisis in the violent youth crime rate. The reality is that Canada’s violent youth crime problem is neither out of control nor changing in such a way to warrant a more punitive approach towards dealing with violent young offenders. Approaches to youth justice that emphasize the welfare of young offenders are more appropriate to deal with violent young offenders.


title: Planning and designation of urban historic districts in Ontario and abroad : case and comparative studies

abstract:
During the twentieth century, the focus of North American heritage conservation activity has shifted from the preservation of isolated landmarks to the protection of entire urban districts. In the United States, heritage conservation - in the form of historic district designations - has become an effective planning tool in the regulation and management of the urban environment. This has been made possible by a succession of federal laws combining the principles of heritage conservation with those of environmental protection, and by the development of federal-state co-operative funding and support programs. In Britain, conservation and environmental planning concerns complement one another through a series of integrated planning statutes.
In Canada, at both the federal and provincial levels, environmental planning and heritage conservation programs have been developed and administered separately. This is particularly evident in Ontario, where urban planning programs frequently operate at cross purposes to those of conservation. Lack of co-ordination between legislative acts and their administrative government ministries, and lack of funding, have jeopardized the success of many heritage conservation efforts.


title: The Design of high speed rotating machinery to examine the interaction response of a whirling rotor and a vibrating stator

abstract:
A vibration apparatus has been designed, manufactured and constructed to study the effects of bearing clearance upon rotor/stator response due to unbalance excitation. Frequency measurements of component sub-systems were taken and reasonable agreement was obtained.
To supplement the design, a computer program has been developed to calculate damped rotor/stator response as a function of bearing clearance for both dry and fluid-filled clearances. A comparison of theoretical results, for a dry clearance space, with previous researchers indicates a very good correlation.


title: State feminism and representation of non-geographic difference : a case study of the Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women (child services recommendations)

abstract:
Between 1973 and 1995 the Canadian Advisory Council On The Status Of Women (CACSW) worked under a mandate to advise the government through the Minister Responsible For The Status Of Women on issues important to Canadian women. After the early 1980's the Advisory Council claimed the function of representing the geographic, ethnic, cultural and occupational diversity of Canadian women. Some Canadian feminists have been critical of the CACSW and of state feminism in general for being co-opted and failing to substantively criticize government policies relating to women. Social scientists have yet to systematically analyze the contribution or limitations of state feminism including the advisory council. I integrate three fields of feminist work including that of sociologists such as Daiva Stasiulis, Roberta Hamilton and Roxanna Ng who consider diverse women in relation to institutions of the state, political scientists like Jill Vickers, Janine Brodie and Sylvia Bashevkin who assess women's political roles, and political and radical democratic philosophers especially Iris Marion Young and Chantal Mouffe.
The study draws on multidisciplinary feminist frameworks to assess through the lens of their child services policies, the CACSW's representation of diverse women in Canada. My analysis looks particularly at child services needs, interests and values of Aboriginal women, ethnic and cultural minority women, low income women, women with disabilities, lesbians and bisexual women. I argue that this case study suggests state feminism is not able to effectively represent the non geographic diversity of women in Canada. The Advisory council lacked the sufficient control of their policy agenda to be able to raise many of the issues of particular importance to women of minority groups. It became less representative over time due to social, demographic, political and economic changes since 1973. Particularly since the mid-1990's the council's efforts were overdetermined by an international shift to free-market economics which shaped the policy direction of the Canadian government.
The implications of this analysis are that economic and political changes in Canada have had a significant impact on the effectiveness and potential influence of women's policy machinery in Canada. I also support the arguments of autonomous feminists who say that state feminism does not speak to the needs, interests and values of women who belong to geographically dispersed minority groups.


title: The theory and practice of the capitalist state

abstract: The developments of late capitalism characterized by the tendency of increased interventionary role of the state in the economy together with the crisis of advanced capitalism have focused attention on the need for an adequate understanding of the theory and practice of the contemporary capitalist state. In an effort to develop an adequate theory of the capitalist state, the works of Ralph Miliband and Nicos Poulantzas have contributed to the advancement of Marxist political analysis. Poulantzas's work ,which became the center of contemporary Marxist social theory, provides us with a fully developed theory of the state. His regional theory of the "political instance" , together with Miliband's theorizing on the state and his empirical analysis of the normative behaviour of the contemporary state are expounded and critically examined in this study. The focus of our analysis is on the role of the state, its institutional composition, and the functions it performs in contemporary capitalist social formations. The critique of Miliband and Poulantzas's work on the state is advanced at the theoretical and empirical levels.


title: Microstrip impatt oscillators

abstract:
The important factors which govern the output power of microstrip IMPATT oscillators are identified.
Several novel microstrip IMPATT oscillator configurations are discussed from a theoretical standpoint and the experimental results obtained from each circuit are given.
 The above lead to a systematic approach to microstrip IMPATT oscillator design.


title: The role of local renewable resources in the health and well-being of women and men living in Cape Dorset, Nunavut, Canada

abstract: The concept of therapeutic landscapes flows from the idea that environmental, social and individual factors that are specific to place can intersect to provide an important resource for the promotion of health and well-being. However, much of this research has focused on extraordinary places such as baths, shrines and spas in Western settings. Far less attention has been given to the role of place in the health and well-being of people living in non-Western settings. Aside from the work of Kathi Wilson (2003; 2005) on the role of place in the health and well-being of First Nations peoples, the understanding of the role of place in the health of Aboriginal peoples in Canada is limited. This dissertation seeks to address this gap in knowledge by exploring the role of the land and its renewable resources in the health and well-being of Inuit living in Cape Dorset, Nunavut, Canada. Inuit contend that their relationship with the land and its renewable resources plays an important role in their health and well-being. To understand the role of the land in Inuit health, 101 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with female and male participants. The results of this dissertation suggest that the complete interconnection of the participants with the land and its renewable resources plays a crucial role in their identity as well as their cultural, social, economic, emotional and nutritional health and well-being. Further, the results suggest that the concept of therapeutic landscapes should be re-evaluated by considering unhealthy aspects of place. The participants' in-depth accounts of how climate change and environmental contaminants are affecting their relationship with the land and its renewable resources indicate that relations with place are not simple, and even when health-enhancing in some respects may not be entirely health enhancing. In addition, the participants' knowledge of human-environment relations can help to improve the long-term health of those living outside of Inuit regions by guiding them during a period of environmental destruction


title: An investigation of beta-adrenergic receptor involvement in amygdala kindling

abstract:
The role of the beta adrenergic receptor subtype in the development and expression of kindled seizures was examined in vivo. Male Wistar rats received acute administrations of isoproterenol, a beta receptor agonist, or propranolol, a beta receptor antagonist, in doses of 0.5, 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg 30 minutes prior to each kindling trial.
Isoproterenol initially lowered seizure thresholds while decreasing AD durations. In addition, this agent exerted profound retardative effects upon the development of kindling to fully generalized convulsions. Conversely,
blockade of beta receptors with propranolol initially raised thresholds for seizure while exerting no effects on initial AD durations. Furthermore, animals treated with this drug progressed to fully generalized seizures more rapidly than isoproterenol-treated animals.
These results are interpreted as evidence that different subpopulations of beta-adrenergic receptors mediate different seizure-related effects at various stages in the development of kindled convulsions.


title: International Program for the Development of Communication : an analysis of its prospects

abstract:
The debate on the New International Information and Communications Order (NWICO) has resulted in the birth of the International Program for the Development of Communications (IPDC). This thesis analyses the program's prospects.
Chapter One examines the theoretical issues related to the NWICO. Chapter Two traces the history and states the aims and objectives of IPDC. Chapter three—the crux of the analysis— explores the role IPDC might play in the evolving information controversy. The program may do one of three things. It may foster the status quo under the guise of free flow of information; it may usher in a new era of interdependence between the developed and developing countries; or it may become an instrument of development journalism and communication. This paper examines these prospects in the light of past experiences. Having examined the "ifs" and "buts" which may lead to one of the other, the conclusion proposes measures to ensure success for the IPDC.


title: Changing ghettos : women clerical workers in Ottawa during the Second World War

abstract:
This thesis studies the changing work of women during the Second World War and examines their life outside of work in the Ottawa community. Nine women were interviewed to understand the transition experienced by women during the war. The experiences of these women are placed within the context of the political and social developments of the 1930's and 1940's. Through these women's lives we can examine the transition from domestic service to clerical work and the impact this had on women's lives. It was during the war that women emerged as the majority of clerical workers in Canada and accelerated a growing trend of women working in the paid labour force. While the trend towards women working had begun in the post World War I era, the national mobilization during the war was unprecedented in Canadian history and opened new job opportunities for women.
While the new job opportunities for women represented an improvement in wages and working conditions from domestic service, clerical work soon emerged as another job ghetto for women which did not allow women the opportunity for advancement. In these jobs women, especially married women, faced many barriers and the conditions at work and outside of work are explored.


title: Ontario schooling and the status of the deaf : an enquiry into inequality, status assignment and educational power

abstract: This thesis presents an argument that residential schooling for deaf students produces the socio-economic marginalized status of deaf adults. Chapter One introduces Weberian analysis of stratification by class, status and party groups and the concept of 'total institution' from Goffman. Chapter Two suggests that the deaf can be considered a socio-economic status group due to their common experiences in economic, socio-political and cultural relations. The relation of their status to wider society is considered in Chapter Three which describes the status of the deaf as marginalized in economic, social and cultural terms. Chapter Four goes on to suggest that the process of marginalization is carried out by the social control of language, the dominance of oralism and vocationalism in the schools. The process of marginalization is examined by using a case study of the Ontario School for the Deaf in Chapter Five. The thesis concludes by suggesting that the power evident in the residential school should be harnessed to improve the status of the deaf especially by involving deaf people in the education process.


title: Industrialization and regional integration in West Africa

abstract: In West Africa, the level of development is generally low. Attempts to attain higher rates of economic progress through industrialization have not proved successful. This is partly due to two interrelated factors: first, the small size of most West African countries; and secondly the need to find markets for the manufactured products from these countries. In this connection, the formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 1976, is considered a step in the right direction. The study is an attempt to examine the industrialization process in West Africa, with the aim of finding ways by which it can be enhanced by ECOWAS. From an examination of the ways in which ECOWAS proposes to operate, however, it becomes clear that polarization of industrial development within the integration scheme will be inevitable. The study therefore proposes a planning approach towards an effective industrial development program within ECOWAS.


title: The phytogeography of the lichens of Fundy National Park

abstract: Four hundred and thirty-one lichens, plus numerous related ascomycetes and lichenicolous fungi are reported from Fundy National Park, in the hemiboreal subzone on the east coast of Canada. Three hundred and fourteen records are new for New Brunswick; 20 are new for eastern Canada; 21 are new for Canada; and Arthonia leucopellaea, Lecidea atrofulva and Parmelia fertilis are new for North America. North American bioclimatic and vegetational zones are synthesized from published sources, and general principles of lichen phytogeography are discussed. A sample consisting of 36% of the lichen flora is classified on the basis of centers of distribution in the arctic, boreal, temperate or tropical zone. Six percent are arctic; 33% are boreal; 56% are temperate; and 5% are tropical. Following a description of each of the four major zones, the distribution patterns formed by lichens within the North American part of each zone are characterized. World affinities are summarized, and the ecological and historical implications of distribution patterns are discussed for each element.


title: Bold women : the experiences, needs and recommendations for services of South Asian women in Ottawa and Kingston who have been abused

abstract: This Independent Inquiry Project is a qualitative study examining the experiences, needs and recommendations for services of South Asian women in Ottawa and Kingston who have been abused. Five women who had been abused by their partners and/or their in-laws and three women involved with South Asian communities were interviewed for this study.


title: Geometric form finding method for prismatic tensegrity systems

abstract: Tensegrity systems are composed of high strength to weight mechanisms. They achieve this strength by replacing heavy elements in tension with lightweight cables. This property has led to the application of tensegrity theory to many holds, ranging from architecture to robotics. The greatest difficulty for those wishing to exploit the benefit of tensegrity systems, is the unintuitive way in which the subelements of a tensegrity are connected to form a stable configuration. In this thesis, a new method for determining these stable configurations is developed, thereby providing a more intuitive tool for designing tensegrity systems. This novel approach is called the geometric intersection method, and is based on determining the common intersection point between three constraint surfaces, each of which represent one of the element lengths in the tensegrity system. The geometric intersection method was found to be algebraically equivalent to an established form finding method by deriving the established method from the geometric intersection method. This result was further reinforced by evaluating the two methods using several different tensegrity systems. While the two methods are algebraically equivalent, the geometric intersection method is derived using geometry instead of vector analysis. This difference arguably makes the geometric intersection method more intuitive, because it provides a visual rationale for how the element lengths affect the final configuration of the tensegrity system, and when the combination of these parameters will result in a configuration that has no real physical significance. It was also found that the geometric intersection method is easier to adapt to new tensegrity configurations than either of the most closely related form finding methods.


A study of the non-linear behaviour of a simply-supported square plate using high precision finite elements


title: Education and assimilation in the Lakehead, 1900-1939

abstract: Through a case study of the Lakehead, this thesis explores whether the provincial school system, with its Anglo-conformity approach to assimilation, was as important or exclusive an influence as Ontario education officials hoped and claimed in assimilating "foreigners" in the Lakehead between 1900 and 1939. The urban and rural areas of Port Arthur and Fort William, which experienced rapid population growth and changes in ethnic composition mainly due to heavy immigration of entrance status immigrants between 1900 and 1930, provided an excellent setting for the study of education and assimilation. The Lakehead's isolation and distance from central Ontario and limited financial and human resources of school boards, coupled with the rapid growth of the Lakehead's population with its particular socioeconomic and ethnic composition, shaped the development of provincial school education locally. These factors appeared to modify the original objectives stated by education officials to create a "homogeneous citizenship" through programs to achieve Anglo-conformity. The provincial school system was neither the only nor necessarily the most important influence on the assimilation process in the Lakehead between 1900 and 1939. Other agencies, which included religious, social, and political organizations sponsored by Canadians and immigrants of charter groups as well as entrance status immigrants, also played an important role in educating immigrants and shaping the assimilation process. Moreover, the role of these agencies changed throughout the period from 1900 to 1939.


title: From "Sports College" to "Sports Weekend" : an examination of the relationship between the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and sport, 1936-1982

abstract: With the intention of provoking serious consideration of the historical impact of the mass media on sport in Canada, this thesis examines the relationship between the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and sport in Canada. The development of this relationship has occurred in three distinct phases, corresponding to the 1936, 1958, and 1968 revisions in Canadian broadcasting legislation. The critical analysis of the impact of these developments in broadcasting on the evolution of sport in Canada is based on the underlying assumption of the CBC's special role in the Canadian broadcasting system. The conclusions drawn on the basis of oral history interviews and materials in the archives of the CBC Sports Department bring into question this special role.


title: Geochemical influences on the rheological properties of four post-glacial marine clays

abstract:
The remoulded strength, flow properties, and flocculation state of three Leda clays and one Norwegian marine clay were tested viscometrically.
The clays were tested in a natural state, after organic destruction, and after partial amorphous extraction by citrate-dithionite. In the natural state, remoulded strength, flow behaviour, and flocculation state were found to be dependant on porewater salinity. After organic removal the materials still responded to salinity changes but exhibited decreased maximum, high-salinity strength. The removal of even the most soluble amorphous material caused a decrease in remoulded strength over the entire salinity - water content range investigated.
The materials exhibited dilatant, Bingham plastic, and pseudoplastic behaviour in different portions of the water content - salinity field. Even partial removal of the amorphous component resulted in a shift in the salinity at which each flow type was evident. The salinity required to initiate systemic flocculation also increased following amorphous extraction.


title: Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire and the First World War : combining imperialism and the cult of true womanhood for the war effort

creator: Dirk, Marcel M. C., (Marcel Michael Christopher), 1959-

abstract: Women's role in wartime has been largely overlooked. To remedy this situation, an examination is made here of the Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire and its contributions to the First World War. As a patriotic women's organization, the Order combined imperialism and the cult of true womanhood to give ardent support to the war effort from within women's proper sphere. As volunteer war workers, Daughters of the Empire made a major contribution of time, material, and funds to help win the War. After first providing background on the organization's formation and its tremendous growth over the War, this thesis examines the lODE's war work. Responding to war issues, looking after medical and comfort needs overseas, caring for dependents and returned soldiers on the homefront, and instilling loyalty through an educational campaign were the main areas of activity. With the range and intensity of this activity, the First World War may have been the greatest period in the lODE's history.


title: Incommensurability and scientific progress : an essay concerning the nature of the relation between successive scientific theories

abstract:
This thesis consists of two parts. In the first part a critique of the conceptual development of the Logical Empiricist and Popperian conceptions of scientific progress is presented. The major criticism made against them is that, contrary to fact, they require that successive scientific theories either contain or explicitly negate parts of each other.
In the second part an alternative conception of science is put forward in terms of which it is shown that incommensurability between theories is something other than the change of meaning of their individual terms, and that, in any case, such a change of meaning does not entail relativism. Furthermore this alternative conception, in seeing the relation between theories as being empirical rather than logical, avoids the major criticism of the Empiricist and Popperian views, while at the same time providing an account of how one of two theories can be a progression beyond the other.


title: Ultrasonic absorption in dimethyl sulphoxide solutions of alkali halides

abstract:
The ultrasonic absorption of solutions of alkali halides in dimethyl sulphoxide is studied by the pulse technique over the frequency range from 3.5 to 60 MHz. A relaxation is observed between 2 and 10 MHz for each salt studied. This relaxation is assigned to the second equilibrium in the two step formation of a contact ion pair from free ions in the solution.
[M+]sol.+X-k12<->K21[M+ DMSO X-]sol.k23<->K32[M+X-]sol.
The rate constants for this second step have an upper limit of 10^7 sec^-1. ΔVs for this step is found to be about 2 cm^3mole^-1.
There is evidence that a relaxation at a frequency higher than the range of the apparatus is occuring. This may be due to the first step which is diffusion controlled and much faster.


title: A two-parameter integral method for the calculation of turbulent boundary layers in pressure gradients over smooth and rough surfaces

abstract:
A computer program has been written to calculate the two-dimensional development of a turbulent boundary layer over both smooth and rough surfaces. Its performance is judged against published data on the growth of eight boundary layers. The calculation procedure uses the two-paramenter method of Granville (1975) and contains the rough wall model by Dvorak (1969) to include the effects of rough surfaces.
The model by Granville is a poor predictor of the boundary layer development over smooth walls for equilibrium and near-equilibrium flows. The calculation of the rough wall case is poor.


title: The three stages of the Anthropos and the differentiation and individuation of the psyche

abstract: This is a thesis in the psychology of C.G. Jung, in which archetypal motifs are traced and analyzed in two main sources of religious imagery and symbolism: Gnosticism and the Kabbalah. The figure of the Anthropos, who is prominent in both of these traditions, forms the focal point of the analysis, and is interpreted as being a representation of the central archetype in Jung's model of the psyches the Self. Around the Anthropos, a mythic sequence forming three distinct stages; primordial unity, differentiation and fall, and redemption, is formulated in both the Gnostic and Kabbalistic material, and this is seen to parallel and express the three-fold developmental process of the psyche based around the Self. Thus, the Self appears first in an undifferentiated condition which is termed the "primal Self", it then moves into a state of being separated from the ego as the latter becomes developed and differentiated, wherein it can be called the "unconscious Self", finally, with the integration of Self and ego, the third stage of the "Individuated Self" is realized. By illustrating the parallels and making analytical comparisons between the three stages of the Anthropos and the three stages of the Self, the thesis aims at clarifying at least one level of meaning contained in the religious material, so that it is seen to give expression to archetypal processes occurring within the human psyche, and at the same time to formulate a complete developmental model which contributes to the understanding and clarification of the central concepts of Jung's psychology.


title: Inelastic behavior of steel beam-columns under moment reversal

abstract:
An experimental program is presented to determine the behaviour of steel beam-columns under elastic and inelastic moment reversal. Two beam-columns were tested to obtain moment-thrust-curvature relationships under moment reversal into the inelastic range of the material, with different deflections at the beginning of moment unloading. Substantial agreement was reached with the results of other researchers.
A computer program has been developed to obtain horizontal load versus maximum deflection relationships for beam-columns under single moment reversal. Although the computed behaviour agrees in its general characteristics with the experimental results, there is room for improvement in this agreement.


title: Modulation transfer function of gamma ray collimators

abstract: Recently there has been a great increase in the uses of radioisotopes in medicine for the detection of lesions in the internal organs of the body. Many suggestions have been made concerning different methods of characterisation of the imaging systems used, and their analysis, design and intercomparison. Modulation transfer function characterisation of such systems is a powerful, efficient technique for these purposes. In Chapter one the basic concepts of sensitivity, point spread function (PSF) , line spread function (LSF) and modulation transfer function are introduced. In Chapter two the MTSs for different types of collimators assuming some ideal PSFs have been calculated. In Chapter three an experiment is described to determine the MTF as a function of spatial frequency for an imaging device based on scattering of highly collimated γ-rays from 60Co. It is found that one of the theoretical forms is a close approximation to the observed spread function. It is shown that it is not worthwhile to construct collimators with square shaped holes. Circular holes perform with no perceptible loss of image quality.


title: The design, analysis and detailing of bolted and welded simple steel connections

abstract:
The program developed for this thesis will analyse, design and detail orthoganally framed, simple, structural steel connections for various bolted/welded combinations using single or double angles as connectors on beam_to_beam and beam_to _column type connections. Existing steel connection analysis/design software does not sufficiently consider all aspects of strength and geometric design. These deficiencies are addressed
within the program. Various data files including slip coefficients, electrodes, bolt data, wrench clearances and end distances have been created. All relevant resistances will be compared to the corresponding applied forces and the ratios will be listed in an engineering report along with a three dimensional representation of the designed connection. Erection clearances, electrode angles and fabrication preferences will be included in the geometric design and any connection specified by the program will be constructable. Costing information and moment-rotation relationships have been collected and organized for future incorporation, and file conversion research has been initiated to provide the required file formats to produce the AutoCAD shop drawings. The assumptions, limitations and design procedures are all listed within the thesis and are referenced where applicable. Although the program has been developed as an independent module, it has been designed so that it can be readily incorporated into a design/analysis/fabrication program for steel structures with the development of a few new graphic interface screens.


title: An empirical evaluation of the latent structure of cognitive analgesia strategies

abstract: Factors influencing the effectiveness of cognitive strategies for analgesia were assessed using a cold pressor pain task with 96 subjects. Subjects rated pain during baseline and post-treatment exposures to the ice water pain stimulus. Between trials, subjects in four groups were trained in the use of a cognitive coping strategy. Training consisted of brief practice in strategies involving: a) imaginal reinterpretation of the pain stimulus, b) imaginal distraction from the pain stimulus, c) non-imaginal reinterpretation, or d) non-imaginal distraction. Two additional groups were given: e) a suggestion to expect analgesia but no coping strategy, or f) no treatment (i.e., equivalent waiting period only). Subjects also rated their expectancy for post-treatment pain immediately before and after training. Administration of the four coping strategies resulted in equivalent attenuation of pain ratings during the posttraining trial. Subjects in these four groups also reported equivalent expectancies for analgesia. Subjects in the expectancy control group expected analgesia, but reported no significant change in pain rating from baseline to the posttreatment trial. No treatment control group subjects neither expected nor achieved any significant change in their pain ratings. Regression of expectancy scores and posttest scores for absorption in cognitive strategies on pain reduction scores demonstrated that expectancy and absorption in the cognitive strategies both contributed significantly to reported pain reduction. In addition, scores for expectancy and for absorption in the cognitive strategies correlated significantly with each other. These findings are contrary to accounts of cognitive analgesia which have attributed the effectiveness of cognitive strategies solely to expectancy. The data suggests that expectancy is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for analgesia. Expectancy may interact with the extent to which a subject utilizes a cognitive coping strategy, thereby influencing the effectiveness of that strategy. Strategy enactment is also a critical factor, but there are no overall differences in the effectiveness of strategies which differ in terms of imagery or degree of sensation acknowledgement.


title: Implementation of an adaptive control system for television multiplexing by frame interleaving

abstract: A system is described for providing adaptive control of equipment for analog television signal multiplexing by frame interleaving. The control system measures the image activity of input video signals and allocates frames on a multiplexed video transmission channel to each input as required. A demonstration two-input system was constructed and extensively tested. Demultiplexed image quality was found to be improved over that provided by a fixed rate frame multiplexing system.


title: Power requirements of various directional control devices for air cushion vehicles in overland operations

abstract:
The investigation of the control of air cushion vehicles (ACV) is still relatively, a new art. One practical aspect in the study of ACV control is to determine the amount of extra power required far directional control purposes.
This study deals with a quantitative analysis of ACV directional control with respect to its power requirements in overland operations. Simplified steady-state equations of motion are developed and applied with a particular ACV configuration in mind, based on the existing available data and knowledge of hovercraft motion. A comparison of the various directional control methods is made and basic trends are shown with respect to the three criteria of power requirement, vehicle sideslip, and turning radius.


title: Valuables, vegetables and fish : an analysis of Trobriand inequality as revealed through myth

abstract: Anthropologists have studied many aspects of Trobriand culture. However, systematic analysis of Trobriand myths and their social ramifications have largely been ignored. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze a selected corpus of myths and to examine its implications for an understanding of the nature of social inequality in Trobriand society. Aspects of social organization, ritual behavior and ecology are presented, and the structure and meanings of the myths are discussed and compared. The properties of social inequality are presented in terms of ascribed and achieved components and then examined through a critique of previous statements on the nature of Trobriand social inequality. A position is developed which views Trobriand origin myths as attempting to resolve inherent contradictions, suggested by differences in social - ecological locations, within Trobriand society. In order to accomplish this, the myths express propositions which relate factors of social order and disorder to elements of rank separation.


title: Inattention and suggested amnesia

abstract: The major purpose of this study was to, test a prediction derived from the inattention hypothesis of suggested amnesia. According to this hypothesis, amnesia occurs to the extent that subjects attend away from the task of recall in response to an amnesia suggestion. This prediction held that in the absence of an amnesia suggestion, inattention, produced by a simultaneous task competing with recall, would create the same degree of "breakdown" in clustering as was produced by an amnesia suggestion. Seventy-one Carleton University students were assigned to one of three treatments, until 10 partial nonrecall subjects, with determinate clustering scores, were obtained in each condition. The first treatment was a high susceptible hypnotic group. These 36 subjects received a standard hypnotic induction procedure, and then learned a nine-word list which consisted of three categories of words with three words per category. After two successive correct recall trials, subjects were given an amnesia suggestion for the list, and challenged on the suggestion. Amnesia was then cancelled and recall again assessed. The second and third treatments consisted of both high and low susceptible subjects who received a distraction task. The 14 subjects in the high susceptible distraction group, and the 21 subjects in the low susceptible distraction group received four pretest trials counting backwards by three's. After learning the same word list as the hypnotic group they were requested to simultaneously count backwards by three's and recall words. Following this dual task, recall was again assessed without counting. For all groups both the degree of nonrecall and clustering was assessed on three trials: (a) the last criterion trial; (b) during the suggestion or simultaneous word recall/counting task; and (c) after the suggestion, simultaneous word recall/counting task. Results indicated that the 30 partial nonrecall subjects with determinate clustering scores showed equivalent levels of clustering "breakdown" during the suggestion or simultaneous word recall/counting task. Full recall subjects in all conditions showed no significant "breakdown". The hypnotic group showed significantly more nonrecall than the low susceptible distraction group. The prediction derived from the inattention hypothesis was confirmed.


title: Electrochemical investigations of interactions of trace metals : Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(ll), Cu(ll) and Mn(ll) with target trace metal Zn(ll) in binding by dissolved organic carbon in aqueous samples

abstract: This research was undertaken to achieve a better understanding of the interactions between some trace metals and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in freshwaters and mine aqueous effluents by determining metal speciation parameters: free metal ion concentration, stability constant, association/dissociation rate coefficient and diffusion coefficient. It was found that the interaction between trace metals and DOC is related to the metal-DOC bonding properties such as the ionic potential and hardness of trace metal ions. The concentration of labile metal species which are reported to be often correlated with bioavailability and ecotoxicity to biota in the aqueous environment, were found to be affected by competition of co-present trace metals: Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Mn(II) with the target trace metal, Zn(II), for binding by DOC in mine aqueous effluents sample. These conclusions were consistent with the dilution effects on the "free" zinc ion concentrations in mine aqueous effluents on dilution with river freshwater. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) with a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) and Pseudo-polarography and van den Berg/Ruzic Titration Methods were used to determine the metal speciation parameters. These studies suggest both covalent and ionic character of the bonding between trace metals and DOC. The significance of  this work is that it has resulted in a better understanding of the interactions between trace metals and DOC and competition effects of other trace metals on a target metal, and has provided valuable information of current speciation and long term behaviour of trace metals in the aquatic environment


title: The continued fraction of (1 + [square root] D)/2 for certain infinite classes of D with applications to units and class numbers

abstract: We determine the continued fraction expansion of (1 + √D)/2 for all classes D considered by H.C. Williams (see [12]), C.L. Levesque and G. Rhin (see [7]), and C.L. Levesque (see [6]); for which D = 1 (mod 4) holds. From these continued fraction expansions we calculate the fundamental unit of Q(√D) in the case where D is squarefree. We deduce from the fundamental unit its norm and whether it is of the form a + b√D, a and b integral, or (a + b√D)/2, a and b odd. Finally, we apply a theorem of R.A. Mollin (see [8]) to determine a non-trivial lower bound for the classnumber of Q(√D) for a number of our classes D.


Nuclear magnetic resonance and stereochemical studies of some diterpene resin acids


The Midewiwin, an aboriginal spiritual institution: Symbols of continuity : a native studies culture-based perspective


title: Guardian of merit: guardian of mandate : the transfiguration of the Public Service Commission

abstract:
This thesis identifies some of the factors that have contributed to a shift in the 'agency philosophy' of the Public Service Commission of Canada. The underlying theme is that a shift in values, indicated by recent ideological phenomena; unrealistic staffing practices, which have caused mammoth dissatisfaction in public servants; and, a growing interagency tension, brought about by specific calls for accountability and efficiency by the government; lead to a reconsideration of institutional configurations in the federal public service personnel management system.
A number of hypotheses relating to organization - environment interactions are formulated and the conclusion is drawn that the Public Service Commission's image of 'impartial arbiter' is becoming an increasingly important device for fostering the Public Service Commission's survival.


title: Truncated lives : the marginalization of old women in selected English Canadian feminist texts

abstract: An examination of English Canadian feminist texts indicates that the social inequalities and stereotyping that result from women's aging process have not yet been systematically addressed in Canadian feminism. Old women appear to have been relegated to the position of "other" or the "aged" in the development of feminist theory. How and why this occurs, and its consequences for old women, is discussed. The paper concludes that feminist theory must develop a broader theoretical base in order to analyze the combined effects of sexism and ageism on old women in Canada.


title: The rise and fall of satellite radio in Canada : an anatomy of a failed business model

abstract: This thesis examines the rise and fall of satellite radio primarily in Canada, but focuses on the U.S. situation when relevant to the study. To date, there has been little academic research done in the area of satellite radio, as it is a relatively new technology. This thesis is grounded in the theory of 'soft' technological determinism, stressing both the importance of technological and social factors in the implementation of any new technology. It comes to the conclusion that satellite radio never became an economically feasible product as it failed to compete with an already-well entrenched terrestrial radio market. The bulk of the digital market was taken over by what this thesis terms as the iRevolution (outlining the Apple technologies and digital/Internet radio options). Several factors surroundings its release and development by the respective companies led to it being introduced into an already-saturated market


title: "Now is the time" : the early years of Dr. Robert Davies Defries, associate director of the University of Toronto's Connaught Laboratories and the School of Hygiene ...

abstract: Robert Davies Defries was this country's first professionally trained public health administrator. He is probably best known as the co-creator, associate director, and later director of the University of Toronto's Connaught Laboratories and School of Hygiene. The Connaught Laboratories and the School of Hygiene were founded on a threefold premise of providing affordable preventive medicines to the public, researching new medicines, and training future public health administrators. Consequently, this organization came to have a profound effect on the formation of Canadian health care policy. One of the many public healthissues that it directly influenced was mass immunization. Through its co-operation with the City of Toronto's Department of Public Health, Ontario's provincial health department, and other local health departments,the School of Hygiene and Connaught Laboratories effectively orchestrated the first successful mass immunization campaign in Canada against the disease diphtheria. The strategy used in that campaign paved the way for future mass immunization programs and a shift in health policy focus towards disease prevention. Defries was someone who wore many hats. The roles of administrator, educator,  activist, scientific researcher, social planner, editor and writer all contributed to his long and illustrious career. This essay focuses on the early life and career of R.D. Defries (1889-1936 approximately), and explores how his passionate religious idealism and public health convictions combined to shape his views of society and himself


title: N.M.R. Study of complexation of some transition metals to fulvic acid

abstract:
THe binding of fulvic acid (FA) to paramagnetic ions, such as Mn2+ , Cu2+ and Fe3+ was investigated by an NMR method, to explore the nature of complexes formed. The method involves determination of nuclear relaxation times of the solvent water protons. These are sensitive to any change in the coordination sphere of the paramagnetic ion and thus provide information about possible binding between the paramagnetic ions under investigation and FA. Measurements of relaxation rates of the paramagnetic ion solutions with FA were compared with results obtained from solutions of the same metal ion and model ligands to study the type of complexation and the binding site of the metal-FA complex.
The experimental results suggest the following conclusions:
Among the model ligands, sulfosalicylic acid showed the closest similarity in complexation to FA.
Fe3+ and Cu2+ bind to FA with displacement of water from the first coordination zone of the metal, forming inner sphere complexes. This deduction was reached since the Fe3+ -FA solutions showed marked reduction in relaxation rates compared with the aquocomplex. It can be explained with the reduction of the number of coordinated waters along with the variation in the correlation times. The solutions containing Cu and FA showed enhanced longitudinal relaxation rates, which are the result of slower rotations upon inner sphere complexation with macromolecules.
Slight changes in the relaxation rates of the Mn2+ solutions upon FA complexation suggest that Mn2+ forms an outer sphere assymmetric complex, where the metal rotates with the water molecules around it in a fulvic acid "cage". The small variation in the relaxation rates could arise from symmetry distortion in the complex or from outer sphere contributions.