title: Isolation of DNA sequences with homology to a degenerate FaRP oligonucleotide from the crayfish Procambarus clarkii

subject:
Oligonucleotides.
Nucleotide sequence.
Crayfish--Genetics.

abstract:
The neuropeptide Th1RFamide with the sequence Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide was originally
isolated in the clam Macrocallista nimbosa (price and Greenberg, 1977). Since its discovery, a
large family ofFl\1RFamide-related peptides termed FaRPs have been found to be present in all
major animal phyla with functions ranging from modulation of neuronal activity to alteration of
muscular contractions. However, little is known about the genetics encoding these peptides,
especially in invertebrates.
As FaRP-encoding genes have yet to be investigated in the invertebrate Malacostracean
subphylum, the isolation and characterization ofFaRP-encoding DNA and mRNA was pursued
in this project. The immediate aims of this thesis were: (1) to amplify mRNA sequences of
Procambarus clarkii using a degenerate oligonucleotide primer deduced from the common amino
acid sequence ofisolated Procambarus FaRPS, (2) to determine if these amplification products
encode FaRP gene sequences, and (3) to create a selective cDNA library of sequences recognized
by the degenerate oligonucleotide primer. The polymerase chain reaction - rapid amplification of
cDNA ends (PCR-RACE) is a procedure in which a single gene-specific primer is used in
conjunction with a generalized 3' or 5' primer to amplify copies ofthe region between a single
point in the transcript and the 3' or 5' end of cDNA of interest (Frohman et aI., 1988). PCRRACE
reactions were optimized with respect to primers used, buffer composition, cycle number,
nature ofgenetic substrate to be amplified, annealing, extension and denaturation temperatures
and times, and use of reamplification procedures. Amplification products were cloned into
plasmid vectors and recombinant products were isolated, as were the recombinant plaques formed
in the selective cDNA library. Labeled amplification products were hybridized to recombinant bacteriophage to determine ligated amplification product presence. When sequenced, the five
isolated PCR-RACE amplification products were determined not to possess FaRP-encoding
sequences. The 200bp, 450bp, and 1500bp sequences showed homology to the Caenorhabditis
elegans cosmid K09A11, which encodes for cytochrome P450; transfer-RNA; transposase; and
tRNA-Tyr, while the 500bp and 750bp sequences showed homology with the complete genome
of the Vaccinia virus. Under the employed amplification conditions the degenerate
oligonucleotide primer was observed to bind to and to amplify sequences with either 9 or 10bp
of 17bp identity.
The selective cDNA library was obselVed to be of extremely low titre. When library titre
was increased, white. plaques were isolated. Amplification analysis of eight isolated Agt11
sequences from these plaques indicated an absence of an insertion sequence.
The degenerate 17 base oligonucleotide primer synthesized from the common amino acid
sequence ofisolated Procambarus FaRPs was thus determined to be non-specific in its binding
under the conditions required for its use, and to be insufficient for the isolation and identification
ofFaRP-encoding sequences. A more specific primer oflonger sequence, lower degeneracy, and
higher melting temperature (TJ is recommended for further investigation into the FaRP-encoding
genes of Procambarlls clarkii.


title: Is technology a threat to education? : the contribution of George Parkin Grant

contributor: Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education

subject: Educational technology.

abstract:
The writings of George Parkin Grant (1918-1988), a
Canadian political philosopher, were analyzed according to
his view of the relationship between technology and
education. Grant's life was summarized to provide a context
for understanding his ideas. His definition of technology -
the co-penetration of knowing and making -- was
conceptually analyzed and placed within a reading of his
work that ascertained a progressive development of this
definition over three distinct phases in his academic
career. Grant's implicit vision of education, grounded in
Christian and Platonic epistemological assumptions, was
explicated and unified around his idea of the
interdependence of knowing and loving. From a comparison
with John Dewey's concepts of technology and education,
Grant and Dewey were found to be in substantial agreement
concerning the nature of modern technology, but in profound
disagreement over the meaning of an educative experience.
Grant's qualified, affirmative response to the question of
this thesis -- Is technology a threat to education? -- was
found insightful in helping to clarify some foundational
issues in educational research. As well, it provided
another perspective within which one can begin to assess the
general impact of technology on education.


title: Is there a difference in artistic ability between learning -disabled students and "regular-class" students?

subject:
Children with disabilities.
People with disabilities and the arts.

abstract:
Research and practice regarding LO students usually has
focussed upon defining and supplementing deficiencies rather than
seeking unique talents and capability patterns for learning and
expression. This study examined nine dimensions that may
constitute artistic or creative talent and compared LDs with
"regular-class" students, pair-wise and as groups, for levels and
distributions of the dimensions. For 14 LO and 9 "regular-class"
elementary-school subjects, both genders, data were taken by
direct observation, from a standardized test and assessments by
two practicing artists. Assessments by artists were in concord.
LOs improved more in "Composition". No other significant class,
age or gender-related differences were found.


title: Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction : comparison of behavioural and regular classroom teachers

subject: Job satisfaction.

subject: Teachers--Psychology.

subject: Teachers--Ontario--Toronto.

subject: Special education teachers--Ontario--Toronto.

abstract:
Each of the forty Toronto Board of Education behavioural
teachers was matched as closely as possible .with a regular
cIassroom teacher from the same schooI, 0f the same sex, and
teaching approxiately the same age group of chiIdren. A II of
these teachers were sent a questionnaire (based on Herzberg's
model) whose content reflected various aspects of job satisfaction
or dissatisfaction. Demographic data was also gathered to be used
in the study for examining correlations between satisfaction and
various factors . T 10 additional questions were asked regarding
factors that IOU Id influence the i r staying or Ieaving and one
question was asked about lIerit pay .
Chi Square tests and t-tests were conducted on the
results. The majority of each group of teachers was very satisfied
with their job while the behavioural teachers were significantly
more satisfied than the regular teachers. Intrinsic factors played
a more signi ficant role than did extrinsic ones. The demographic
factors couId be found to be predictors of job satisfaction or
dissatisfaction.


title: Kinetic and mechanistic studies for the molybdenum- catalyzed oxidation of organic sulfides and olefins by t- DuO2H

subject:
Molybdenum--Effect of radiation on.
Catalysts.
Oxidation.
Sulfides.
Alkenes.

abstract:
This research was focussed on the effects of light, solvent and
substituents in the molybdenum-catalyzed oxidation of phenylmethyl sulfides
with t-Bu02H and on the effect of light in the molybdenum-catalyzed
epoxidation of l-octene with t-Bu02H.
It was shown that the Mo(CO)6-catalyzed oxidation of phenylmethyl
sulfide with t-Bu02H~ at 35°C, proceeds 278 times faster underUV light than
under laboratory lighting, whereas the Mo02(acac)2-catalyzed oxidation
proceeds only 1.7 times faster under UV light than under normal laboratory
lighting. The difference between the activities of both catalysts was
explained by the formation of the catalytically active species, Mo(VI).
The formation of the Mo(VI) species, from Mo(CO)6 was observed from
the IR spectrum of Mo(CO)6 in the carbonyl region.
The Mo(CO)6-catalyzed epoxidation of l-octene with t-Bu02H showed that
the reaction proceeded 4.6 times faster under UV light than in the dark or
under normal laboratory lighting; the rates of epoxidations were found to
be the same in the dark and under normal laboratory lighting.
The kinetics of the epoxidations of l-octene with t-Bu02H, catalyzed
by Mo02(acac)2 were found to be complicated; after fast initial rates, the
epoxidation rates decreased with time.
The effect of phenylmethyl sulfide on the Mo(CO)6-catalyzed epoxidation
of l-octene waS studied. It was shown that instead of phenylmethyl sulfide,
phenylmethyl sulfone, which formed rapidly at 85°C, lowered the reaction rate. The epoxidation of l-octene was found to be 2.5 times faster in
benzene than in ethanol.
The substituent effect on the Mo02(acac)2-catalyzed oxidations of p-OH,
p-CHgO, P-CH3' p-H, p-Cl, p-Br, p-CHgCO, p-HCO and P-N02 substituted
phenylmethyl sulfides were studied. The oxidations followed second order
kinetics for each case; first order dependency on catalyst concentration was
also observed in the oxidation of p-CHgOPhSMeand PhSMe.
It was found that electron-donating groups on the para position of
phenylmethyl sulfide increased the rate of reaction, while electronwithdrawing
groups caused the reaction rate to decrease. The reaction
constants 0 were determined by using 0, 0- and 0* constants. The rate
effects were paralleled by the activation energies for oxidation.
The decomposition of t-Bu02H in the presence of M.o (CO)6, Mo02 (acac)2
and VO(acac)2 was studied. The rates of decomposition were found to be very
small compared to the oxidation rates at high concentration of catalysis.
The relative rates of the Mo02(acac)2-catalyzed oxidation of
p-N02PhSMe by t-Bu02H in the presence of either p-CH30PhSMe or PhSMe clearly
show that PhSMe and p-CHgOPhSMe act as co-catalysts in the oxidation of
p-N02PhSMe.
Benzene, mesity1ene and cyclohexane were used to determine the effect
of solvent in the Mo02 (acac)2 and Mo(CO)6-catalyzed oxidation of phenylmethyl
sulfide. The results showed that in the absence of hydroxylic solvent, a
second molecule of t-Bu02H was involved in the transition state. The
complexation of the solvent with the catalyst could not be explained.The oxidations of diphenyl sulfoxide catalyzed by VO(acac)2,
Mo(CO)6 and Mo02(acac)2 showed that VO(acac)2 catalyzed the oxidation
faster than Mo(CO)6 and Mo02 (acac)2_ Moreover, the Mo(CO)6-catalyzed
oxidation of diphenyl sulfoxide proceeded under UV light at 35°C.


title: L-Glutamate uptake, decarboxylation to -aminobutyric acid and GABA efflux in isolated Asparagus sprengeri mesophyll cells

subject:
Asparagus sprengeri.
Cells.
Plant cells and tissues.
Glutamate decarboxylase.
Decarboxylases.
Aminobutyric acid.
GABA.

abstract:
Addition of L-glutamate caused alkalinization of the
medium surrounding Asparagus spreng.ri mesophyll cells. This
suggests a H+/L-glutmate symport uptake system for L-glutamate.
However stoichiometries of H+/L-glutamate symport into Asparagus
cells were much higher than those in other plant systems. Medium
alkalinization may also result from a metabolic decarboxylation
process. Since L-glutmate is decarboxylated to r-amino butyric
acid (SABA) in this system, the origin of medium alkalinization
was reconsidered.
Suspensions of mechanically isolated and
photosyntheically competent Asparagus sprengeri mesophyll cells
were used to investigate the H+/L-glutamate symport system, SABA
production, GABA transport, and the origin of L-glutamate
dependent medium alkalinization.
The major results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. L-Glutamate and GABA were the second or third most abundant
amino acids in these cells. Cellular concentrations of
L-glutamate were 1.09 mM and 1.31 mM in the light and dark,
respectively. Those of SABA were 1.23 mM and 1.17 mM in the
light and dark, respectively.
2. Asparagine was the most abundant amino acid in xylem sap and
comprised 54 to 68 1. of the amino acid pool on a molar basis.
GABA was the second most abundant amino acid and represented
10 to 11 1. of the amino acid pool. L-Slutamate was a minor component.
3. A 10 minute incubation with 1 mM L-glutamate increased the
production of GABA in the medium by 2,743 7. and 2,241 7. in
the light and dark, respectively.
4. L-Glutamate entered the cells prior to decarboxylation.
5. There was no evidence for a H+/GABA symport process •
6. GABA was produced by loss of carbon-1 of L-glutamate.
7. The specific activity of newly synthesized labeled GABA
suggests that it is not equilibrated with a storage pool of
GABA.
8. The mechanism of GABA efflux appears to be a passive process.
9. The evidence indicates that the origin of L-glutamate
dependent medium alkalinization is a H+/L-glutamate symport
not an extracellular decarboxylation.
The possible role of GABA production in regulating
cytoplasmic pH and L-glutamate levels during rapid electrogenic
H+/L-glutamate symport is discussed.


title: Light and electron microscope studies of host-parasite relations in a mycoparasite

subject:
Host-parasite relationships.
Parasites.
Microscopes.
Microscopy.
Electron microscopes.

abstract:
Light microscope studies of the mycoparasite Piptocephalis
virginiana revealed that the cylindrical spores of the
parasite became spherical upon germination and produced 1-4
germ tubes. Generally t"l.vO germ tubes were produced by each
spore. When this parasite was inoculated on its potential
hosts, Choanephora cucurbitarum and Phascolomyces articulosus,
the germ tube nearest to the host hypha continued to grow and
made contact with the host hypha. The tip of the parasite's
germ tube became swollen to form a distinct appressorium. Up
to this stage the behavior of the parasite was similar regardless
of the nature of the host. In the compatible host-parasite
combination, the parasite penetrated the host, established a
nutritional relationship and continued to grow to cover the
host completely with its buff colored spores in 3-4 days. In
the incompatible host-parasite combination, the parasite
penetrated the host but its further advance was arrested. As
a result of failure to establish a nutritional relationship with
the resistant host, the parasite made further attempts to
penetrate the host at different sites producing multiple
infections. In the absence of nutrition the parasite weakened
and the host outgrew the parasite completely. In the presence
of a non-host species, Linderina pennispora the parasite
continued to grow across the non-host 1).yp_hae vlithout establishing
an initial contact. Germination studies showed that the
parasite germinated equally well in the presence of host and
non-host species.
Further electron microscope studies revealed that the
host-parasite interaction between P. virginiana and its host,
C. cucurbi tarum, was compatible when the host hyphae were young
slender, with a thin cell wall of one layer. The parasite
appeared to penetrate mechanically by pushing the host-cell wall
inward. The host plasma membrane invaginated along the involuted
cell wall. The older hyphae of C. cucurbitarum possessed two
distinct layers of cell wall and-showed an incompatible interaction
when challenged vlith the parasite. At the point of
contact, the outer layer of the host-cell wall dissolved,
probably by enzymatic digestion, and the inner layer became
thickened and developed a papilla as a result of its response to
the parasite. The haustoria of the parasite in the old hyphae
were always surrounded by a thick, well developed sheath, whereas
the haustoria of the same age in the young host mycelium
were devoid of a sheath during early stages of infection.
Instead, they were in direct contact with the host protoplast.
The incompatible interaction between a resistant host, P.
articulosus and the parasite showed similar results as with the
old hyphae of C. cucurbitarum. The cell wall of P. articulosus
appeared thick-with two or more layers even in the 18-22 h-old
hyphae. No contact or interaction was established between the
parasite and the non-host L. pennispora. The role of cell
wall in the resistance mechanism is discussed.


title: Localization of the mechanism of pH-dependent non- photochemical fluorescence quenching in thylakoid membranes

subject: Plants--Photoinhibition. Photosynthesis.

abstract:
Higher plants have evolved a well-conserved set of photoprotective mechanisms,
collectively designated Non-Photochemical Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence
(qN), to deal with the inhibitory absorption of excess light energy by the photosystems.
Their main contribution originates from safe thermal deactivation of excited states
promoted by a highly-energized thylakoid membrane, detected via lumen acidification.
The precise origins of this energy- or LlpH-dependent quenching (qE), arising from
either decreased energy transfer efficiency in PSII antennae (~ Young & Frank,
1996; Gilmore & Yamamoto, 1992; Ruban et aI., 1992), from alternative electron
transfer pathways in PSII reaction centres (~ Schreiber & Neubauer, 1990;
Thompson &Brudvig, 1988; Klimov et aI., 1977), or from both (Wagner et aI., 1996;
Walters & Horton, 1993), are a source of considerable controversy. In this study, the
origins of qE were investigated in spinach thylakoids using a combination of
fluorescence spectroscopic techniques: Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM)
fluorimetry, pump-probe fluorimetry for the measurement of PSII absorption crosssections,
and picosecond fluorescence decay curves fit to a kinetic model for PSII.
Quenching by qE (,..,600/0 of maximal fluorescence, Fm) was light-induced in circulating
samples and the resulting pH gradient maintained during a dark delay by the lumenacidifying
capabilities of thylakoid membrane H+ ATPases. Results for qE were
compared to those for the addition of a known antenna quencher, 5-hydroxy-1,4naphthoquinone
(5-0H-NQ), titrated to achieve the same degree of Fm quenching as
for qE. Quenching of the minimal fluorescence yield, F0' was clear (8 to 130/0) during
formation of qE, indicative of classical antenna quenching (Butler, 1984), although the
degree was significantly less than that achieved by addition of 5-0H-NQ. Although
qE induction resulted in an overall increase in absorption cross-section, unlike the
decrease expected for antenna quenchers like the quinone, a larger increase in crosssection
was observed when qE induction was attempted in thylakoids with collapsed
pH gradients (uncoupled by nigericin), in the absence of xanthophyll cycle operation
(inhibited by DTT), or in the absence of quenching (LlpH not maintained in the dark
due to omission of ATP). Fluorescence decay curves exhibited a similar disparity
between qE-quenched and 5-0H-NQ-quenched thylakoids, although both sets
showed accelerated kinetics in the fastest decay components at both F0 and Fm. In
addition, the kinetics of dark-adapted thylakoids were nearly identical to those in qEquenched
samples at F0' both accelerated in comparison with thylakoids in which the
redox poise of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex was randomized by exposure to low
levels of background light (which allowed appropriate comparison with F0 yields from
quenched samples). When modelled with the Reversible Radical Pair model for PSII
(Schatz et aI., 1988), quinone quenching could be sufficiently described by increasing
only the rate constant for decay in the antenna (as in Vasil'ev et aI., 1998), whereas
modelling of data from qE-quenched thylakoids required changes in both the antenna
rate constant and in rate constants for the reaction centre. The clear differences
between qE and 5-0H-NQ quenching demonstrated that qE could not have its origins
in the antenna alone, but is rather accompanied by reaction centre quenching.
Defined mechanisms of reaction centre quenching are discussed, also in relation to
the observed post-quenching depression in Fm associated with photoinhibition.


title: Locating and sequencing of the E3 and neighbouring regions in bovine advenovirus type 2

subject:
Advenoviruses.
DNA viruses.

abstract:
Adenoviruses are nonenveloped icosahedral shaped particles. The
double stranded DNA viral genome is divided into 5 major early transcription
units, designated E1 A, E1 B, and E2 to E4, which are expressed in a regulated
manner soon after infection. The gene products of the early region 3 (E3), shown
to be nonessential for viral replication in vitro, are believed to be involved in
counteracting host immunosurveillance. In order to sequence the E3 region of
Bovine adenovirus type 2 (BAV2) it was necessary to determine the restriction
map for the plasmid pEA48. A physical restriction endonuclease map for BamHl,
Clal, Eco RI, Hindlll, Kpnl, Pstt, Sail, and Xbal was constructed. The DNA insert
in pEA48 was determined to be viral in origin using Southern hybridization. A
human adenovirus type 5 recombinant plasmid, containing partial DNA
fragments of the two transcription units L4 and L5 that lie just outside the E3, was
used to localize this region. The recombinant plasmid pEA was subcloned to
facilitate sequencing. The DNA sequences between 74.8 and 90.5 map units
containing the E3, the hexon associated protein (pVIII), and the fibre gene were
determined. Homology comparison revealed that the genes for the hexon
associated pV11I and the fibre protein are conserved. The last 70 amino acids of
the BAV2 pV11I were the most conserved, showing a similarity of 87 percent with
Ad2 pV1I1. A comparison between the predicted amino acid sequences of BAV2
and Ad40, Ad41 , Ad2 and AdS, revealed that they have an identical secondary
structure consisting of a tail, a shaft and a knob. The shaft is composed of 22, 15
amino acid motifs, with periodic glycines and hydrophobic residues. The E3
region was found to consist of about 2.3 Kbp and to encode four proteins that
were greater than 60 amino acids. However, these four open reading frames did
not show significant homology to any other known adenovirus DNA or protein
sequence.


title: Low frequency Raman scattering in amorphous materials: fused quartz, "pyrex" boro-silicate glass and soda-lime silicate glass

subject:
Raman effect.
Amorphous substances.
Glass.
Silica, Vitreous.
Pyrex.
Silicates--Spectra.

abstract:
Raman scattering in the region 20 to 100 cm -1 for fused quartz,
"pyrex" boro-silicate glass, and soft soda-lime silicate glass was investigated.
The Raman spectra for the fused quartz and the pyrex glass were obtained at
room temperature using the 488 nm exciting line of a Coherent Radiation
argon-ion laser at powers up to 550 mW. For the soft soda-lime glass the
514.5 nm exciting line at powers up to 660 mW was used because of a weak
fluorescence which masked the Stokes Raman spectrum. In addition it is
demonstrated that the low-frequency Raman coupling constant can be
described by a model proposed by Martin and Brenig (MB). By fitting the
predicted spectra based on the model with a Gaussian, Poisson, and Lorentzian
forms of the correlation function, the structural correlation radius (SCR) was
determined for each glass. It was found that to achieve the best possible fit·
from each of the three correlation functions a value of the SCR between 0.80
and 0.90 nm was required for both quartz and pyrex glass but for the soft
soda-lime silicate glass the required value of the SCR. was between 0.50 and
0.60 nm .. Our results support the claim of Malinovsky and Sokolov (1986)
that the MB model based on a Poisson correlation function provides a
universal fit to the experimental VH (vertical and horizontal polarizations)
spectrum for any glass regardless of its chemical composition. The only
deficiency of the MB model is its failure to fit the experimental depolarization
spectra.


title: Magnetic and high pressure studies in the YPd5B3C3 system

subject:
Superconductivity.
Superconductors--Magnetic properties.

abstract:
The macroscopic properties of the superconducting phase in the multiphase compound
YPd5B3 C.3 have been investigated. The onset of superconductivity was observed at 22.6
K, zero resistance at 21.2 K, the lower critical field Hel at 5 K was determined to be
Hel (5) rv 310 Gauss and the compound was found to be an extreme type-II superconductor
with the upper critical field in excess of 55000 Gauss at 15 K.
From the upper and lower critical field values obtained, several important parameters
of the superconducting state were determined at T = 15 K. The Ginzburg-Landau
paramater was determined to be ~ > 9 corresponding to a coherence length ~ rv 80A and
magnetic penetration depth of 800A.
In addition measurements of the superconducting transition temperature Te(P) under
purely hydrostatically applied pressure have been carried out. Te(P) of YPd5B3 C.3 decreases
linearly with dTe/dP rv -8.814 X 10-5 J</bar. The discussion of Te(P) will focus
on the influence pressure has on the phonon spectrum and the density of states near the
Fermi level.


title: Magnetic properties of the Biâ   Srâ   CaCuâ   Oâ   single crystal

subject:
Crystals--Magnetic properties.
Magnetic properties.
Superconductivity.
High temperature superconductivity.

abstract:
The Bi2Sr2CaCu20g single crystal with a superconducting
transition temperature equal to 90 ± 2 K was prepared. The irreversibility
line of the single crystal for a mgnetic field direction along the c-axis and
T*
in the ab-plane was determined. The reduced temperature (l - T ) is
proportional to H 1.1 for fields below 004 T and proportional to HO.09 for
fields above 0.4 T. The zero temperature upper critical field Hc2(0) and
coherence length ~ (0) were determined from the magnetization
meaurements to be H-lC2=35.9T , H//C2=31.2T, ~c(0)=35.0 A, and
~ab(0)=32.5A,and from the magnetoresistance measurements to be H-lc2 =
134.6T , H//C2=55.5T '~c(0)=38.1 A, and ~ab(0)=2404 A for both
directions of the applied magnetic field. The results obtained for Hc2(0)
and ~(O) are not reliable due to the rounding that the single crystal exhibits
in the magnetization and magnetoresistance curves. The magnetization
relaxation of the single crystal was investigated, and was found to be
logarithmic in time, and the relaxation rate increases with temperature up
to 50 -60 K, then decreases at higher temperatures.


title: Making the transition from secondary to post-secondary education : a retrospective study of students with learning disabilities

subject: Learning disabled.

subject: Special education--Psychological aspects.

subject: College students--Psychology.

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate what students
with Learning Disabilities perceive are the personal
characteristics they possess and services they require to
assist them to complete secondary school and to continue
their education in a postsecondary setting. Twenty-one
students (12 female and 9 male) participated in the study
which consisted of an interview and completion of a
questionnaire.
The central findings were as follows: 1) the
participants perceived that personal characteristics were
important in secondary school and still remain of importance
at th~ postsecondary level; 2) Many of the typical
accommodations and services supposed to be provided in
secondary schools were not provided to the participants in
this study; 3) the participants believed that they had more
academic than social problems.
Recommendations for future research in this field are
based on findings related to the transition of LD students
from secondary school to postsecondary education.


title: Male reproductive competition in the field crickets : gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus

subject:
Crickets--Behavior.
Gryllus veletis.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus.
Sexual behavior in animals.

abstract:
Sexual behavior in the field crickets, Gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus , was
studied in outdoor arenas (12 m2) at high and low levels of population density in 1983 and
1984. Crickets were weighed, individually marked, and observed from 2200 until 0800
hrs for at least 9 continuous nights. Calling was measured at 5 min intervals, and
movement and matings were recorded hourly. Continuous 24 hr observations were also
conducted,·and occurrences of aggressive and courtship songs were noted.
The timing of males searching, calling, courting, and fighting for females should
coincide with female movement and mating patterns. For most samples female movement
and matings occurred at night in the 24 hr observations and were randomly distributed with
time for both species in the 10 hr observations. Male movement for G. veletis high
density only was enhanced at night in the 24 hr observations, however, males called more
at night in both species at high and low densities. Male movement was randomly
distributed with time in the 10 hr observations, and calling increased at dawn for the G.
pennsylvanicus 1984 high density sample, but was randomly distributed in other samples.
Most courtship and aggression songs in the 24 hr observations were too infrequent for
statistical testing and generally did not coincide with matings.
Assuming residual reproductive value, and costs attached to a male trait in terms of
future reproductive success decline with age, males should behave in more costly ways
with age; by calling and moving more with age. Consequently, mating rates should
increase with age. Female behavior may not change with age. G. veletis , females moved
more with age at both low density samples, however, crickets moved less with age at high
density. G. pennsylvanicus females moved more with age in the 1984 low density
sample, whereas crickets moved less with age in the 1983 high density sample. For both
species males in the 1984 high density samples called less with age. For G.
pennsylvanicus in 1983 calling and mating rates increased with age. Mating rates
decreased with age for G. veletis males in the high density sample. Aging may not affect
cricket behavior. As population density increases fewer calling sites become available, costs of
territoriality increase, and matings resulting from non-calling behavior should increase.
For both species the amount of calling and in G. veletis the distance travelled per night was
not different between densities. G. pennsylvanicus males and females moved more at low
density. At the same deneity levels there were no differences in calling, mating, and,
movement rates in G. veletis , however, G. pennsylvanicus males moved more at high
density in 1983 than 1984. There was a positive relationship between calling and mating
for the G. pennsylvanicus low density sample only, and selection was acting directly to
increase calling. For both species no relationships between movement and mating success
was found, however, the selection gradient on movement in the G. veletis high density
population was significant. The intensity of selection was not significant and was probably
due to the inverse relationship between displacement and weight.
Larger males should call more, mate more, and move less than smaller males.
There were no correlations between calling and individual weight, and an inverse
correlation between movement and size in the G. veletis high density population only. In
G. pennsylvanicus , there was a positive correlation between individual weight and mating,
but, some correlate of weight was under counter selection pressure and-prevented
significance of the intensity of selection. In contrast, there was an inverse correlation in the
G.·veletis low density B sample. Both measures of selection intensities were significant
and showed that weight only was under selection pressures. An inverse correlation
between calling and movement was found for G. veletis at low density only.
Because males are territorial, females are predicted to move more than males,
however, if movement is a mode of male-male reproductive competition then males may
move more than females. G. pennsylvanicus males moved more than females in all
samples, however, G. veletis males and females moved similar distances at all densities.
The variation in relative mating success explained by calling scores, movement, and
weight for both species and all samples were not significant In addition, for both species
and all samples the intensity of selection never equalled the opportunity for selection.


title: Management decision-making in nursing

subject:
Nursing--Decision making.
Nursing services--Administration.

abstract:
This study developed a new, valid and reliable evaluation instrument to
measure the level, type and pattern of management decisions of fifteen
nursing students. The management decision score achieved using this
instrument was correlated with two psychological determinants of
management decision making: creativity and problem-solving ability.
The instrument was a written patient management problem in case format,
answered by a free form written response. The student responses were
classified for type of management decision according to the
sub-categories of technical, inter-personal, environmental and unique.
Using statistical analysis a significant difference was found in the
type of management decisions most frequently selected by the study
sample. The students predominantly selected technical type decisions.
This preference for one type of management decision may be due to a
number of psychological and environmental factors. These factors may
program and mold the type of management decisions student nurses make
early in their career.
Low but positive correlations were found between the total management
score and the two psychological tests. This finding supports the
authors cited in the literature who state that although creativity
augments the type of management decision making, it is not present or
encouraged widely in the nursing profession. These factors are worth
considering when the profession becomes concerned over ritualization and
lack of individuality in patient care.
The tool is easy to administer, lends itself to a variety of
professional settings and shows promise with further refinement for
computer application.


title: Manipulation of adenovirus early region 1 rescue plasmids by homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

subject:
Adenoviruses.
Plasmids.
Cloning.
Genetic recombination.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

abstract:
The manipulation of large (>10 kb) plasmid systems amplifies problems common to
traditional cloning strategies. Unique or rare restriction enzyme recognition sequences are
uncommon and very rarely located in opportunistic locations. Making site-specific deletions and
insertions in larger plasmids consequently leads to multiple step cloning strategies that are often
limited by time-consuming, low efficiency linker insertions or blunt-end cloning strategies.
Manipulation ofthe adenovirus genome and the genomes ofother viruses as bacterial plasmids are
systems that typify such situations.
Recombinational cloning techniques based on homologous recombination in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae that circumvent many ofthese common problems have been
developed. However, these techniques are rarely realistic options for such large plasmid systems
due to the above mentioned difficulties associated with the addition ofrequired yeast DNA
replication, partitioning and selectable marker sequences.
To determine ifrecombinational cloning techniques could be modified to simplify the
manipulation of such a large plasmid system, a recombinational cloning system for the creation of
human adenovirus EI-deletion rescue plasmids was developed.
Here we report for the first time that the 1,456 bp TRP1/ARS fragment ofYRp7 is alone
sufficient to foster successful recombinational cloning without additional partitioning sequences,
using only slight modifications of existing protocols. In addition, we describe conditions for
efficient recombinational cloning involving simultaneous deletion of large segments ofDNA (>4.2
kb) and insertion of donor fragment DNA using only a single non-unique restriction site.
The discovery that recombinational cloning can foster large deletions has been used to develop a novel recombiliational cloillng technique, selectable inarker 'kilockouf" recombinational
cloning, that uses deletion of a yeast selectable marker coupled with simultaneous negative and
positive selection to reduce background transformants to undetectable levels.
The modification of existing protocols as described in this report facilitates the use of
recombinational cloning strategies that are otherwise difficult or impractical for use with large
plasmid systems. Improvement of general recombinational cloning strategies and strategies
specific to the manipulation ofthe adenovirus genome are considered in light of data presented
herein.


title: Manpower development and nation-building : Singapore's experience

subject: Manpower policy--Singapore.

abstract:
Manpower is a basic resource. It is the indispensable means of
converting other resources to mankind '.s use and benefit. As a process·
of increasing the knowledge, skills, and dexterity of the people of a
society, manpower development is the most fundamental means of enabling
a nation to acquire the capacities to bring about its desired
future state of affairs -- a more mighty and wealthier nation.
Singapore's brief nation-building history justifies the emphasis
accorded to the importance of good quality human resources and manpower
development in economic and socio-political developments. As a tiny
island-state with a poor natural resource base, Singapore's long-term
survival and development depend ultimately upon the quality and the
creative energy of her people. In line with the nation-building goals
and strategies of the Republic, as conditioned by her objective
setting, Singapore's basic manpower development premise has been one of
"quality and not quantity". While implementing the "stop-at-two" family
planning and population control programs and the relevant immigration
measures to guard against the prospect of a "population explosion", the
Government has energetically fostered various educational programs,
including vocational training schemes, adult education programs, the
youth movement, and the national service scheme to improve the quality
of Singaporeans.
There is no denying that some of the manpower development measures
taken by the Government have imposed sacrifice and hardship on the
Singapore citizens. Nevertheless, they are the basic conditions for the
island-Republic's long-term survival and development. It is essential
iii
to note that Singapore's continuing existence and phenomenal-success
are largely attributable to the will, capacities and efforts of her
leaders and people.
In the final analysis, the wealth and the strength of a nation are
based upon its ability to conserve, develop and utilize effectively the
innate capacities of its people. This is true not only of Singapore but
necessarily of other developing nations. It can be safely presumed that
since most developing states' concerns about the quality of their human
resources and the progress of their nation-building work are inextricably
bound to those about the quantity of their population, the "quality
and not quantity" motto of Singapore's manpower development programs can
also be their guiding principle.


title: Marketing Brock University in the 1980's: assessing freshman student feedback in strategic planning approach

subject: Universities and colleges--Planning--Ontario--St.

subject: Educational planning--Ontario--St. Catharines.

abstract:
Universities have entered a period of rapid change and upheaval
due to an external environment beyond their control which includes
shifting demographic patterns, accelerating technology, funding
shortages, and keener competition for students. Strategic planning, a
comprehensive vision which challenges universities to take bold and
creative measures to meet the threats and opportunities of the future, is
an institutional imperative in the 1980's.
This paper examines freshman student feedback in an effort to
incorporate this important element into a strategic plan for Brock
University, a small, predominantly liberal arts university in St.
Catharines, Ontario. The study was designed to provide information on
the characteristics of the 1985-86 pool of freshman registrants: their
attitudes towards Brock's recruitment measures, their general
university priorities, and their influences in regard to university
selection (along with other demographical and attitudinal data).
A survey involving fixed-alternative questions of a subjective and
objective nature was administered in two large freshman classes at
Brock in which a broad cross-section of academic programs was
anticipated. Computer analysis of the data for the 357 respondents
included total raw frequencies and rounded percentages, as well as subgroup
cross-tabulation by geographic home area of respondent,
academic major, and high school graduating average.
The four directional hypotheses put forward were all
substantiatied by the survey data, indicating that 1) the university's
current recruitment program had been a positive influence during their university search 2) parents were the most influential group in the
students' decisions related to university 3) respondents viewed
institutional reputation as less of a priority than an enjoyable university
lifestyle in a personal learning atmosphere 4) students had a decided
preference for co-operative study and internship programs.
Strategic planning recommendations included a reduction in the
faculty/student ratio through faculty hirings to restore the close rapport
between professors and students, increased recruitment presentations
in Ontario high schools to enlarge the applicant pool, creation of an
Office of Co-operative Study and Internship Programs, institutional
emphasis on a "customer orientation", and an extension of research
into student demographics and attitudinal data.


title: Mass spectral studies of some pentafluorophenyl derivatives of group V /|nby Andrew Tanner Rake. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject:
Fluorine compounds--Spectra.
Phenols--Spectra.

abstract:
The mass spectra of compounds of t he series (C6F5 )3-n
MP~ (n = 1,2,3, M = P and As ), (C6F5>3Sb, Ph) Sb and
(C6F5 )2SbPh have been studied in detail and the important
modes of fragmentation were e1ucidated, a ided by metastable
ions. Various trends attributed to the central atom
and or the . substituent groups have been noted and, where
applicable, compared to recent studies on related phenyl
and pentafluorophenyl compounds of groups IV and V. The
mass spectra of fluorine containing organometallic compounds
exhibit characteristic migrations of fluorine to t he
central atom, giving an increasing abundance of MF+, MF2+'
and RMF+ (R = Ph or C6F5) ions on descending the group_
The mass spectra of pentafluorophenyl , antimony, and arsenic
compounds show a greater fragmentation of the aromatic ring
than those of phosphorus. The mixed phenyl pentafluorophenyl
derivatives show a characteristic pattern depending
on the number of phenyl grm.lps present but show t he general
characteristics of both the tris(phenyl) and tris(pentafluorophenyl)
compounds. The diphenyl pentafluorophenyl
der ivatives show the loss of biphenyl ion as the most import
ant step, the los s of phenyl t o give the i on PhMC6F5 +
being of secondary importance. The ,bis(pentafluorophenyl)
phenyl derivatives fragment primarily by loss of PhC6F5 to
give C6F5M+ ions, the abundance of t hese increasing r apidly
from phosphorus to arsenic. This species then, exhibits a
characteristic fragmentation observed in the tris(penta-
fluorophenyl ) compounds. However, the abundance of (C6F5)2M+ species in these compounds i s small. I ons of the type
C6H4MC6F4 + and tetrafluorobiphenylene ions C6H4C6F4 + also
are observed on substitution of a phenyl group for a penta-
fluorophenyl group. The fully fluorinated species (C6F4)2M+
is not observed, although octafluorobiphenylene ions ,
(C6F4)2+' are evident in several spectra .
The appearance potentials of the major ions were obtatned
from the ionisation efficiency curves. Attempts were
made to correlate these to the effect of the central atom in
substituent groups, but the large errors involved prevented
the reaching of quantitative conclusions, although it would
appear that the electron is removed from the ligand in the
ionisation of t he parent molecule .


title: Mating behaviours of the field cricket (Gryllus integer) at different levels of male density

subject:
Crickets--Behavior.
Courtship in animals.
Insects--Behavior.
Gryllus integer.

abstract:
The reproductive behaviour of the field cricket, Gryllus
integer, was systematically observed in indoor arenas to
determine the extent of female Choice and male-male competition
at different sex ratios representing two male densities
(12:6 and 6:6). The costs and benefits to males and females
in those two densities were analyzed according to the theory
of the evolution o£ leks. Observations were conducted during
the dark hours when most calling occurred since hourly rates of
courtship song and mating did not fluctuate significantly over
a 24 h period. Female mating rates were not significantly
different between densities, therefore males at high densities
were not advantaged because of increased female tendencies to
mate when social stimulation was increased. Mean rates of
acoustical signalling (calling and courtin"g) did not differ
significantly between densities. Mean rates of fighting by
males at the high density were significantly greater than those
of males at the low density.
Mating benefits associated with callin~courting and
fighting were measured. Mating rates did not vary with rates
of calling at either density. Calling was not a prerequisite
to mating. Courtship song preceded all matings. There was a
significant power fit between male mating and courting rates,
and male mating and fighting rates at the low, but not at the
high, density. Density differences in the benefits associated
with increased courting and fighting may relate, in part, to
greater economic defensibility and monopoly of females due
to reduced male competition at the low density.
Dominant males may be preferentially chosen by females or
better able to monopolize mating opportunities than subordinate
males. Three criteria were used to determine whether
dominant males were preferentially chosen by females. The
number of matings by males who won fights (within 30 min of
mating) was significantly greater than the number of matings by
males who were defeated in such fights. Mating rates did not
vary significantly with rates of winning at either density.
There was a significant power fit between male mating rates
and the percentage of fights a male won (irrespective of his
fighting-frequency) at the low density.
The mean duration a male guarded the female after mating
did not vary significantly between densities. There was a
significant linear relationship between the duration a spermatophore
was retained and the duration a male guarded the female
after mating. Courtship song apparently stimulated spermatophore
removal. Male guarding involved inter-male aggression and
reduced courtship attempts by other males.
Males at the high density received no apparent reproductive
benefits associated with increased social stimulation. Conclusive
evidence for preferential choice of males by females, using
the criteria examined here, is lacking. Males at the lower
density had fewer competitors and could monopolize females more
effectively.


title: Max Horkheimer and Critical Theory

subject: Criticism (Philosophy)


title: Measurement of forces between and within bilayers of neutral phospholipids

subject:
Phospholipids.
Membranes (Biology)
Force and energy.

abstract:
Phospholipids in water form lamellar phases made up of alternating
layers of water and bimolecular lipid leaflets. Three complementary
methods, osmotic, mechanical, and vapour pressures, were used to measure
the work of removing water from lamellar phases composed of frozen
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ( DPPC ), melted DPPC, egg phosphatidylethanolamine
or equimolar mixtures of DPPC and cholesterol ( DPPC/CHOL ),
Concurrently the structural changes that resulted from this water removal
were measured using X-ray diffraction. The work was divided into that
which forces the bilayers together ( F ) and that which compresses the
molecules together within the bilayers ( F )#
A large repulsive force exists between bilayers composed of each
of the lipids studied and this force increases exponentially as bilayer
separation is decreased. F is affected by the nature of the head groups,
conformation of the acyl chains and heterogeneity of these chains. In
general all of the melted phosphatidylcholines ( melted DPPC, egg lecithin
and DPPC/CHOL ) have large equilibrium separations in excess water resulting
from large repulsive hydration forces between these bilayers. By comparison,
egg PE has an increased attractive force, and frozen DPPC has a decreased
hydration force; each results in smaller separations in water for these two
lipids. The chemical potentials of the water between the bilayers for
all these lipids lie on a continuum, indicating that interbilayer water
cannot be characterized by two discrete states, usually referred to as
"bound" or "non**bound".
For all lipids studied a maximum of 25 % of the total work done
on the system goes into deforming the bilayers. The method used here
viii
to separate repulsion from deformation, developed for us by v. A. Parsegian,
provides a unique method for the measurement of lateral pressure of a
bilayer and its modulus of deformability ( Y ). Lateral pressure is affected
by the nature of the head group, conformation and heterogeneity of the
acyl chains. For small changes in molecular surface area ( A ) near
equilibrium, both melted and frozen DPPC have similar values for the
deformability modulus. Thus in this regime it requires about the same
force to change the angle of tilt of frozen chains as it does to compress
the fluid bilayer. The introduction of cholesterol into bilayers of DPPC
reduces dramatically the lateral pressure of the bilayers over a large
range of molecular surface areas ( A ).
The variation in the magnitude of bilayer repulsion with different
phospholipids provides a basis for the mechanism of lipid segregation in
mixed lipid systems and suggests that interacting heterogeneous membranes
may influence or modulate the composition of the opposing membrane.
The measurements of deformabilities of bilayers provides a direct
comparison of them with the properties of monolayers.


title: Measurement of repulsive forces between charged phospholipid bilayers

subject:
Lipids.
Phospholipids.
Bilayer lipid membranes.
Membranes (Biology)
Electrostatics.

abstract:
Electrostatic forces between membranes containing
charged lipids were assumed to play an important role in
influencing interactions between membranes long before
quantitative measurements of such forces were available.
~ur measurements were designed to measure electrostatic
forces between layers of lecithin charged with lipi~s carrying
ionizable head groups. These experiments have shown
that the interactions between charged lipid bila.yere are
dominated by electrostatic forces only at separations
greater than 30 A. At smaller separations the repulsion
between charged bilayers is dominated by strong hydration
forces.
The net repulsive force between egg lecithin bilayers
containing various amounts of cherged lipids
(phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 5,10 ano 50 mole%, phosphatidyli.
nosi tol (PI) 10 mole% and sodium oleate (Na-Ol)
3,5 and 10 mole%, where mole% gives the ratio of the number
of moles' of .charged lipid to the total number of moles
of all lipids present in the sample) was stuoied with the
help ('If the osmotic streas technique described by LeNeveu
et aI, (1977). Also, the forces between pure PG were j_nvestigated
in the same manner. The results have been
plotted showing variation of force as a function of bilay-
_ er separation dw• All curVes 90 obtained called force
curves, were found to be similar in sha.pe, showing two distinct
regions, one when dw<.30 A is a region cf very rapid iiivariation
of force with separation ( it is the region dominated
by hydre,tion force) and second when dw> 40 A is a
region of very slow variation of force with separB.tion
( it is the region dominated by the electrostatic force).
Between these two regions there exists a transition area
in which, in most systems studied, a phase separation of lipids
into fractions containing different amounts of charged
groups, was observed.
A qualitative analysis showed that our results were
v/ell described by the simple electrostatic double -le.yer
theory. For quantitative agreement between measured and
calculated force curves however, the charge density for
the calculations had to be taken as half of that given by
the number density of charged lipids present in the lecithin
bilayers. It is not clear at the moment what causes
such low apparent degree of ionization among the charged
head groups, and further study is needed in this area.


title: Measuring curriculum integration in the junior grades: the design of an instrument

subject: Interdisciplinary approach in education--Ontario.

subject: Curriculum planning--Ontario.

subject: Education, Elementary--Ontario--Curricula.

abstract:
This study \Alas initiated in response to the Junior
Division Review (1985) publ ished by the Ministry of
Education for the Province of Ontario.
Curriculum integration is an element used within the
educational paradigm designed by the Ontario Ministry
of Education. It is a term frequent1y verbal ized b>'
educators in this province, but because of 1 imi ted
resource support regarding this methodology, it was
open to broad interpretation resulting in an extreme
v ar i at i on i nit simp 1 eme n tat i on • I n de ed, the Min i s try
intimated that it was not occurring to any significant
degree across the province. The objective of this
thes is was· to define integration in the junior
classroom and de-:.ign a meas.ur·ement in-:.tr-ument which
would in turn high 1 i gh t indicators of curriculum
integration.
The :.tudy made a prel iminary, field-based survey of
educa tiona 1 professionals in order to generate a
relevant description of integrated curr-iculum
programm i ng as def i ned in the j un i or classroom. The
description was a compilation of views expressed by a random selection of teachers, consultants, supervisory
officers and principals.
The survey revea 1 ed a much more comprehens i ve vi et·<,l of
the attributes of integrated programming than tradition
would dictate and resulted in a functional definition
tha t was broader than past prac t ices. Based on the
information generated by this survey, an instrument
ou t 1 in i ng
program
cr iter i a of
was devised.
an integrated junior cla~·sroom
Th i s measuremen t i nstrumen t ,
designed for all levels of educators, was named uThe
Han~.son I nstrumen t for the Measuremen t of Program
Integrat ion in the Jun i or Cl assroom". It refl ected
five categories intrinsic to the me thodol ogy of
integration: Teacher Behaviour, Student Behaviour,
Classroom Layout, Cl as~·r oom Environment and
Progr amm i ng. Each category and the items therein were
successfully tested in val idi ty and rel iabi 1 i ty checKs.
Interestingly, the individual class was found to be the
major variable
programming in
in the measuremen t
the j un i or d i vis i on •
of
The
integrated
instrument
demonstrated potential not onl)' a~· an initial measure
of the degree of integrated curriculum, but as a guide
to strategies to implement such a methodology.


title: Mechanisms of synaptic modulation by neuropeptides in crayfish and drosophila

subject:
Neuropeptides.
Neurochemistry.
Neural transmission.
Crayfish.
Drosophila melanogaster.
|Synapses.


title: Meloidogne incognita (nematode) parasitism of Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) plants : Ethylene action in susceptible and resistant host responses

subject:
Southern root-knot nematode
Lypersicon esculentum.
Nematode diseases of plants.
Tomatoes--Diseases and pests.
Plants--Effect of ethylene on.
Host-parasite relationships.

abstract:
Involvement of ethylene in the etiology of tomato plants (Lycopersicon
esculentum) infected with the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
was investigated. Endogenous root concentrations of ethylene were not
significantly different in uninfected resistant var. Anahu and susceptible
var. Vendor plants. Exposure of resistant plants to high doses of infectious
nematode larvae did not affect root ethylene concentrations during the
subsequent 30 day period. The possibility that ethylene may be involved in
the mechanism of resistance is therefore not supported by these experiments.
In no experiments did ethylene concentrations in roots of susceptible plants
increase significantly subsequent to ~ incognita infestation. This result
is not consistent with the hypothesis in the literature which suggests that
increased ethylene production accompanies gall formation.
Growth of susceptible tomato plants was affected by ~ incognita
infestation such that root weights increased (due to galling), stem heights
decreased and top weights increased. The possibility that alterations in
stem growth resulted from increased production of 'stress' ethylene is discussed.
Growth of resistant plants was unaffected by exposure to high doses
of ~ incognita and galls were never detected on the roots of these plants.
Root ethane concentrations generally varied in parallel with root
ethylene concentrations although ethane concentrations were without exception
greater. In 4 of 6 experiments conducted ethane/ethylene ratios increased
significantly with time. These results are discussed in the light of
published data on the relationship between ethane and ethylene synthesis.
The term infested is used throughout this thesis in reference to
plants whose root systems had been exposed to nematodes and does not
distinguish between the susceptible and resistant response.


title: Metal complexes involving pyridoxine and pyridoxamine

subject:
Organometallic compounds.
Vitamin B6.
Pyridoxamine.

abstract:
Solid complexes of pyridoxine with Mn(II) , Cd(II) and Zn(II) have
been isolated, as well as compounds containing Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(III),
Cd(II) and Zn(II), and pyridoxamine in various protonated forms. Infrared
spectra provide evidence for protonation at the pyridine nitrogen site in
the complexes, but not in the neutral vitamins and the complexes of
anionic pyridoxamine. Thus the complexed vitamins are in zwitterionic
forms, with chelation probably occurring through the phenolate oxygen and
either the amino or the hydroxy group at the 4' position.


title: Metaphilosophy and educating: Stephen C. Pepper's selectivism as a basis for educational excellence

subject:
Education--Philosophy.
Metaphysics.
Selectivity (Psychology)

abstract:
Atheory of educating is always derived from philosophical tenets.
In Western society these tenets are concerned primarily with the provision,
maintenance and evolution of knowledge for use by future generations.
The provision of knowledge for future generations is for the purpose of
ensuring cultural and biological survival. Essentially this provision
involves two major criteria: first, that only that knowledge which has been
judged to be exce11 ent shou1d be passed on and, second, in add it ion to
providing knowledge claims, the evidence for knowledge claims must also be
extended in order to fully enrich meaning for an individual involved in a
learning experience. Embedded in such a theory of educating are a concept
of educational excellence and a concept of the provision of evidence for
knowledge claims.
This thesis applied the contributions of metaphilosophy to the concepts
of educational excellence and the provision of evidence. The metaphilosophy
of Stephen C. Pepper was examined for its contributions to a theory of
educating and a concept of educational excellence.
Metaphilosophy is concerned with making knowledge meaningful. It is
a subject matter which may be studied in and of itself and it is a method
for acquiring meaning by interpreting knowledge. Historically people have
interpreted the knowledge of the world from basically four adequate world
views which Pepper termed formism, mechanism, contextual ism and organicism.
He later proposed a fifth world view which he termed selectivism. In
this thesis these world views were shown to contribute in a variety of ways
to educational excellence, most particularly as they allow for interpretations and analysis of evidence about knowledge claims.
Selecti vismwas examined in depth and was shown to contribute to
educational excellence in two major ways; first, as a world hypothesis
which offers an interpretation of the evidence for knowledge claims and,
second, as a metahypothesis which provides knowledge about the nature of
knowledge.
Finally the importance of metaphilosophy in contributing to cultural
survival was demonstrated in a discussion of the potential impact of
selectivism on a theory of educating and educational excellence.


title: What Motivates Registered Nurses to Participate in Continuing Education Activities

subject:
Continuing Education
Nurses

abstract:
Abstract
The study was undertaken to identify what motivates registered nurses to participate
in continuing education activities. The primary questions were whether basic nursing
education, employment status, clinical area, and position, as well as readiness for selfdirected
learning influenced Canadian nurses' motivational orientations when deciding to
participate in continuing education activities. Other individual differences (e.g., age)
were also examined. The sample included 142 registered nurses employed at an urban
community hospital. Three instruments were used for data collection: the Education
Participation Scale, the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale, and a nursing survey
consisting of demographic questions. Basic nursing education and employment status
did not effect motivational orientation or self-directed learning readiness. Clinical area
and level of position significantly influenced nurses' decisions to participate in continuing
education activities. Motivational orientation had a significant relationship with selfdirected
learning readiness. Implications for practice as a result of this study involves
program planning and delivery. The identification of the motivational orientations of
participants may assist in the development and delivery of continuing education
programs that are beneficial, relevant, and address the identified learning needs of
participants. Implications for future research also exist in relation to studying different
groups of nurses, for example, registered nursing assistants, and investigating related
issues, for example, what are the deterrents to participation in continuing education?


title: Microstructural and geochemical investigation of North American lower-middle Paleozoic trilobites and recent arthropods

subject:
Trilobites.
Arthropoda--North America.
Paleontology|yPaleozoic.
Paleontology--North America.
Geochemistry.
Microstructure.

abstract:
Trilobites ¥tere collected from Ordovician and Devonian formations of Ontario}
New York} Ohio} Oklahoma} and Indiana. Diversity was generally low} but 19..?telllS and
Ph..~tY>ps ¥tere the most abundant species from the Ordovician and Devonian}
respectively. Recent marine arthropods ¥tere collected from the Atlantic shore of the
middle Florida Keys} and from the Pacific and lagoonal waters at Cape Beale} B. C.
Fresh-water arthropods were collected along the shore of the Severn River in northcentral
Ontario. Cuticles ¥tere analyzed for major} minor and trace elements, 180 and
13C isotopes, as ¥tell as examined by scanning electron micr?scope to identify original
and diagenetic fabrics.
Examination of trilobite cuticles by scanning electron microscope revealed
several microstructures consistent with those observed in Recent arthropods.
Microstructures} such as setae and tegumental gland duct openings} in like sized
Lim/IllS and Isoteline trilobites may indicate common ancestral origins for these
organisms, or simply parallel cuticle evolutions. The dendritic microstructure, originally'
thought to be a diagenetic indicator, was found in Recent specimens and therefore its
presence in trilobites may be suggestive of the delicate nature of diagenesis in trilobites.
The absence of other primary microstructures in trilobites may indicate alteration,
taxonomic control} or that there is some inherent feature of S EM examination which may'
not allow detection of some features} while others are apparently visit·le onl~1 under
SH.·1. The region of the cuticle sampled for examination is also a major influence in
detecting pristine microstructures, as not all areas of trilobite and Recent arthropod
cuticles will have microstructures identifiable in a SEM study. Subtleties in the process
of alteration, however} ma~·· leave pristine microstructures in cuticles that are partial~/
silicified or do 10m itized, and degree and type of alteration may vary stratigraphically and
longitudinally within a unit. The presence of fused matrices, angular calcite rhombs, and
pyrite in the cuticle are thought to be indicative of altered cuticles, although pyritization
may not affect the entire cuticle.
t-~atural processes in Recent arthropods, such as molting, lead to variations in
cuticle chemistries, and are thought to reflect the area of concentration of the elements
during calcification. The level of sodium in Recent arthropods was found to be higher
than that in trilobites, but highly mobile when sUbjected to the actions of VY'€'athering.
Less saline water produced lovy'€'r magnesium and higher calcium values in Recent
specimens .. and metal variations in pristine Ordovician trilobite cuticle appears to follow
the constraints outlined for Recent arthropods, of regulation due to the chemislry of the
surrounding medium. In diagenetic analysis, sodium, strontium and magnesium proved
most beneficial in separating altered from least altered trilobites. Using this criterion,
specimens from shale show the least amount of geochemical alteration, and have an
original mineralogy of 1.7 - 2.4 mole % MgC03 (8000 t(> 9500 ppm magnesium) for
both /s>..?/e/11S lJA'i.riff!11S and PseIAit'11J17ites I..itmirpin..itl/~ and 2.8 - 3.3 mole %
MgC03 (5000 to 7000 ppm magnesium) for Ph.i{).?PS This is Slightly lower than the
mineralogy of Recent marine arthropods (4.43 - 12.1 mole % MgC03), and slightly
higher than that of fresh-water crayfish (0.96 - 1.82 mole % MgC03). Geochemically
pristine trilobites were also found to possess primary microstructures. Stable isotope
values and trends support the assertion that marine-meteoriclburial fluids were
responsible for the alteration observed in a number of the trilobite specimens.
The results of this stUdy suggest that fossil material has to be evaluated
separately along taxonomic and lithological lines to arrive at sensible diagenetic and
e nvironmenta I interpretations.


title: Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian-Chazyan) trilobites from the Sunblood Formation, District of Mackenzie

subject: Trilobites--Northwest Territories--Mackenzie.

subject: Geology, Stratigraphic|yOrdovician.

subject: Geology--Northwest Territories--Mackenzie.

abstract:
The Middle Ordovician Sunblood Formation in the South Nahanni River
area, District of Mackenzie, comprises mainly limestones and
dolostones of intertidal and shallow subtidal origin as indicated by the
presence of desiccation polygons, fenestral fabric, and oncolites.
The study of well preserved, silicified trilobites from low diversity,
Bathyurus-dominated, Nearshore Biofacies faunas of Whiterockian and
Chazyan age collected in six stratigraphic sections through the
Sunblood Formation permits the recognition of three new Whiterockian
zones, and two previously established Chazyan zones. The Bathyurus
mackenziensis, Bathyurus sunbloodensis, and Bathyurus margareti
zones (Whiterockian), together with the Bathyurus nevadensis and
Bathyurus granu/osus zones (Chazyan) represent the Nearshore
Biofacies components of a dual biostratigraphic scheme that considers
both temporal and spatial distribution patterns, and are
compositionally distinct from faunas in correlative strata around North
America that represent other biofacies.
Twenty-six species belonging to eighteen genera are described and
illustrated. Ludvigsenella ellipsepyga is established as a new
bathyurine genus, in addition to four new species of Bathyurus :
Bathyurus mackenziensis, Bathyurus sunbloodensis, Bathyurus
margareti and Bathyurus acanthopyga. Other genera present are:
Basilicus, Isote/us, ///aenus, Bumastoides, Fail/eana, Phorocepha/a,Ceraurinella, Acanthoparypha, Xystocrania, Cydonocephalus,
Ectenonotus, Pseudomera, Encrinuroides, Calyptaulax, Amphilichas and
Hemiarges.


title: Miniature Wulff-type generator for improving feed to fuel cells /|nT.-S. Tan. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject: Fuel cells.

abstract:
The original objective of this work was to provide a simple generator
w.hich would produce hydrogen torLfuel-cell feed and which could be operated
under remote or northern conditions. A secondary objective was to maximize
the yield of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from available feed-stocks.
A search of the patent literature has indicated that the concept of
a small Wulff-type generator is essentially sound and that hydrogen may
be recovered from a wide variety of hydrocarbon feed-stocks.
A simple experimental set-up has been devised, patterned after ~~t
originally used by R. G. Wulff for producing acetylene. This provides
a supply of feed-stock, with or Without a carrier gas, which may be
passed directly through a heated tube, which may contain a catalyst.
A suitable procedure has been devised for analysi~ effluent gases
for hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, methane and carbon monoxide by gas
chromatography with the column packed with .Molecular .:>ieve .5 4.
Athanol with air a.s carrier gas and at the same time as oxidant
o was thermolyzed at temperatures in the ra~e 700-1100 C, with or Wi~lout
catalyst.
Methanol with or without nitrogen as a carrier gas was also cracked with
•
the same type of reactor refractory tube, but the temperature range
was lower t down to ,300 " C when a catalyst was used.
The problems of converting methane to hydrogen and carbon monoxide
effiCiently, using air and/or water as oxidants were also studied.


title: Mitochondrial inheritance in ustilago violacea

subject:
Ustilago violacea.
Mitochondria.
Heredity.

abstract:
The anther smut fungus U stilago violacea has been developed as
an important model organIsm for genetic, morphological and
physiological studies. Valuable information on the nuclear genetics on
U stilago violacea has been obtained in the last 20-25 years. However, in
this organism almost nothing is known about mitochondria which make
up an important aspect of the fungal genetic system. One fundamental
aspect, mitochondrial inheritance, was addressed by this investigation.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of U. violacea was purified and
restriction fragments cloned. MtDNA restriction fragment length
polymorphisms (RFLPs) were identified among different isolates and
were used as genetic markers for studying mitochondrial inheritance in
crosses between polymorphic isolates. Matings of the yeast-like haploid
cells of opposite mating types resulted in dikaryons containing
mitochondria from both parents. The dikaryons were induced to form
hyphae and then allowed to revert to haploid growth, resulting 1ll a
colony that is bisectored for the two nuclear types. Both nuclear-type
progeny of each cross were examined for parental mitochondrial type:
Either mitochondrial type was observed 1ll the progeny. Thus,
mitochondrial inheritance is biparental in this organism. The recovery
of both mitochondrial types in the progeny was non-random. In
progeny with the nuclear genotype of the al mating type parent
mitochondria from both parents were inherited equally well. However,
1ll progeny with the a2 mating type, mitochondria were inherited almost
exclusively (94%) from the a2 parent.


title: Modified statistical methods to calculate rare gas interaction potentials

subject: Gases, Rare--Statistical methods.

abstract:
New density functionals representing the exchange and correlation
energies (per electron) are employed, based on the electron gas
model, to calculate interaction potentials of noble gas systems X2
and XY, where X (and Y) are He,Ne,Ar and Kr, and of hydrogen atomrare
gas systems H-X. The exchange energy density functional is that
recommended by Handler and the correlation energy density functional
is a rational function involving two parameters which were optimized
to reproduce the correlation energy of He atom. Application of the
two parameter function to other rare gas atoms shows that it is "universal";
i. e. ,accurate for the systems considered. The potentials
obtained in this work compare well with recent experimental results
and are a significant improvement over those from competing statistical
modelS.


title: Molecular cloning and restriction endonuclease analysis of bovine adenovirus type 3

subject:
Molecular cloning.
Adenoviruses.
Restriction enzymes, DNA.
DNA viruses.

abstract:
Bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV3) is a medium size DNA virus that
causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders in cattle. The viral
genome consists of a 35,000 base pair, linear, double-stranded DNA
molecule with inverted terminal repeats and a 55 kilodalton protein
covalently linked to each of the 5' ends. In this study, the viral genome
was cloned in the form of subgenomic restriction fragments. Five EcoRI
internal fragments spanning 3.4 to 89.0 % and two Xb a I internal
fragments spanning 35.7 to 82.9 % of the viral genome were cloned into
the EcoRI and Xbal sites of the bacterial vector pUC19. To generate
overlap between cloned fragments, ten Hi n dIll internal fragments
spanning 3.9 to 84.9 and 85.5 to 96% and two BAV3 BamHI internal
fragments spanning 59.8 to 84.9% of the viral genome were cloned into
the HindllI and BamHI sites of pUC19. The HindlII cloning strategy
also resulted in six recombinant plasmids carrying two or more Hi ndII I
fragments. These fragments provided valuable information on the
linear orientation of the cloned fragments within the viral genome.
Cloning of the terminal fragments required the removal of the residual
peptides that remain attached to the 5' ends of the genome. This was
accomplished by alkaline hydrolysis of the DNA-peptide bond. BamH I
restriction fragments of the peptide-free DNA were cloned into pUC19
and resulted in two plasmids carrying the BAV3 Bam HI terminal
fragments spanning 0 to 53.9% and 84.9 to 100% of the viral genome.


title: Molecular cloning restriction enzyme analysis, bovine adenovirus type 2 genome

subject:
Molecular cloning.
Restriction enzymes, DNA.
Adenoviruses.
DNA viruses.
Nudeotide sequence.
Genomes.

abstract:
Adenoviruses are non-enveloped icosahedral-shaped particles which
possess a double-stranded DNA genome. Currently, nearly 100 serotypes of
adenoviruses have been identified, 48 of which are of human origin. Bovine
adenoviruses (BAVs), causing both mild respiratory and/or enteral diseases in
cattle, have been reported in many countries all over the world. Currently, nine
serotypes of SAVs have been isolated which have been placed into two
subgroups based on a number of characteristics which include complement
fixation tests as well as the ability to replicate in various cell lines. Bovine
adenovirus type 2 (BAV2), belonging to subgroup I, is able to cause pneumonia
as well as pneumonic-like symptoms in calves. In this study, the genome of
BAV2 (strain No. 19) was subcloned into the plasmid vector pUC19. In total, 16
plasmids were constructed; three carry internal San fragments (spanning 3.1 to
65.2%
), and 10 carry internal Pstl fragments (spanning 4.9 to 97.4%), of the viral
genome. Each of these plasmids was analyzed using twelve restriction
endonucleases; BamHI, CiaI, EcoRl, HiOOlll, Kpnl, Noll, NS(N, Ps~, Pvul, Saj,
Xbal, and Xhol. Terminal end fragments were also cloned and analyzed,
sUbsequent to the removal of the 5' terminal protein, in the form of 2 BamHI B
fragments, cloned in opposite orientations (spanning 0 to 18.1°k), and one Pstll
fragment (spanning 97.4 to 1000/0). These cloned fragments, along with two
other plasmids previously constructed carrying internal EcoRI fragments
(spanning 20.6 to 90.5%), were then used to construct a detailed physical
restriction map using the twelve restriction endonucleases, as well as to estimate
the size of the genome for BAV2(32.5 Kbp). The DNA sequences of the early region 1 (E1) and hexon-associated gene (protein IX) have also been
determined. The amino acid sequences of four open reading frames (ORFs)
have been compared to those of the E1 proteins and protein IX from other Ads.


title: Molecular dynamics calculation of mean square displacement in alkali metals and rare gas solids and comparison with lattice dynamics

subject:
Molecular dynamics.
Least squares.
Alkali metals.
Rare gas compounds.
Lattice dynamics.

abstract:
Molec ul ar dynamics calculations of the mean sq ua re
displacement have been carried out for the alkali metals Na, K
and Cs and for an fcc nearest neighbour Lennard-Jones model
applicable to rare gas solids. The computations for the alkalis
were done for several temperatures for
temperature vol ume a swell as for
the
the
ze r 0 pressure ze ro
zero pressure volume
corresponding to each temperature. In the fcc case, results were
obtained for a wide range of both the temperature and density.
Lattice dynamics calculations of the harmonic and the lowe s t
order anharmonic (cubic and quartic) contributions to the mean
square displacement were performed for the same potential models
as in the molecular dynamics calculations. The Brillouin zone
sums arising in the harmonic and the quartic terms were computed
for very large numbers of points in q-space, and were
extrapolated to obtain results ful converged with respect to
the number of points in the Brillouin zone.An excellent agreement between the
lattice dynamics results was observed
molecular dynamics and
in the case of all the
alkali metals, e~ept for the zero pressure case of CSt where the
difference is about 15 % near the melting temperature. It was
concluded that for the alkalis, the lowest order perturbation
theory works well even at temperat ures close to the melting
temperat ure.
For the fcc nearest neighbour model it was found that the
number of particles (256) used for the molecular dynamics
calculations, produces a result which is somewhere between 10 and
20 % smaller than the value converged with respect to the number
of particles. However, the general temperature dependence of the
mean square displacement is the same in molecular dynamics and
lattice dynamics for all temperatures at the highest densities
examined, while at higher volumes and high temperatures the
results diverge. This indicates the importance of the higher
order (eg. ~* ) perturbation theory contributions in these cases.


title: Molecular mechanics calculations of tin-bis (triphenylphosphine oxide) complexes

subject:
Salvation.
Solvent extraction.
Metal complexes.
Phosphine.
Oxides.

abstract:
The capability of molecular mechanics for modeling the
wide distribution of bond angles and bond lengths characteristic
of coordination complexes was investigatecl. This was the
preliminary step for future modeling of solvent extraction.
Several tin-phosphine oxide COrnI)le:){es were selected as the test
groUl) for t.he d,esired range of geometry they eX!libi ted as \-vell as
the ligands they cOD.tained r Wllich were c\f interest in connection
with solvation. A variety of adjustments were made to Allinger's
M:M2 force·-field ill order to inl.prove its performance in the
treatment of these systems.
A set of u,nique force constants was introduced for'
those terms representing the metal ligand bond lengths, bond
angles, and, torsion angles. These were significantly smaller than
trad.itionallY used. with organic compounds.
The ~1orse poteIlt.ial energ'Y function was incorporated
for the M-X l')ond lE~ngths and the cosine harmonic potential erlerg-y
function was invoked for the MOP bond angle. These functions were
found to accomodate the wide distribution of observed values
better than the traditional harmonic approximations~
Crystal packing influences on the MOP angle were
explored thr"ollgh ttle inclusion of the isolated molecule withil1 a
shell cc)ntaini11g tl1e nearest neigl1'bors duri.rlg energy rninimization
experiments~ This was found to further improve the fit of the MOP angle.


title: Molecular mechanics calculations on some phosphine oxide metal complexes in aqueous and organic solvents

subject:
Molecular structure--Tables.
Phosphine.
Oxides.
Metal complexes.
Chemical solvents.
Nonaqueous solvents.

abstract:
Molecular mechanics calculations were done on tetrahedral phosphine oxide zinc
complexes in simulated water, benzene and hexane phases using the DREIDING II force
field in the BIOGRAF molecular modeling program. The SUN workstation computer
(SUN_ 4c, with SPARK station 1 processor) was used for the calculations. Experimental
structural information used in the parameterization was obtained from the September 1989
version of the Cambridge Structural Database.
2
Steric and solvation energies were calculated for complexes of the type ZnCl2 (RlO)2'
The calculations were done with and without inclusion of electrostatic interactions. More
reliable simulation results were obtained without inclusion of charges.
In the simulated gas phase, the steric energies increase regularly with number of
carbons in the alkyl group, whereas they go through a maximum when solvent shells are
included in the calculation. Simulated distribution ratios vary with chain length and type of
chain branching and the complexes are found to be more favourable for extraction by
benzene than by hexane, in accord with experimental data. Also, in line with what would be
expected for a favorable extraction, calculations without electrostatics predict that the
complexes are better solvated by the organic solvents than by water.


title: Molluscan carbonate geochemistry and paleoceanography of the Late Cretaceous western interior seaway of North America

subject:
Mollusks--North America.
Geochemistry--North America.
Paleoceanography--North America.
Geology, Stratigraphic|yCretaceous.

abstract:
North Amerlc8 W8S inundated by fJ major eplcontlnental sea during
ihe C:retaceo.us Period. The sOljihw6rd transgression of th.e northern Boreal
See along the ~\festern Interior Seaway resulted in a meetlng with the
northward edv6nclng waters from the GUlf of Mexico (Obradovich and
Cobban, 1975). Th1s link was 1n eXlstence by late Albien time and 6llowed
for the comm1ngl1ng of the prol1ferous Arctic and Gulf rnar1ne faunas (F1g.
1). By early Campanlan time, there was a widening of B6ffln Bay wlth a
slrnult8neous subsidence 1n the Arct1c Archlpelago and Sverdrup 6as1n
(W11liam and Stelck, 1975). Williams and Burk (1964) found 6 break 1n the
marines sedlmentatlon in the f1anltoba area, suggesting Bland corlnectlon
from the Dlstrlct of Keewatln through eastern M6fl1toba to the lake
Sl~perlor reglon, lmplying that the only dlrect connection between the
Interlor Sea with Baffln Bay, was yia the Arct1c.
This hiatus was also documented by Meek and Hayden (1861) ln the
United states between the Niobrara and Pierre Format1ons. Jeletzky (1971)
suggested that the retreat of the sea towards the east was by a serles of
strong pulses resultlng in the regression of the Campanlan and
M66str1chtlan seas. During ttle Cretaceous1 the r1s1ng Corl1111era caused the
western shoreline of the Interlor Sea to migrate eastwards and the
Cordillera'l detritus produced deltaic cornplexes from the Mackenzie Valley
to Ne\N Mexlcoo The foreland basin was continually subslding and thls
down\",arplng aided in the eastward m1gration of the western shorel1ne.
Thls also lndicates that trle water 'tIes becom1ng deeper in the central
Plains sect10n of the Seaway (Fig. 2).


title: Monte Carlo study of the XY-model on quasi-periodic lattices

subject:
Quasicrystals
Monte Carlo method.
Lattice theory.

abstract:
Monte Carlo Simulations were carried out using a nearest neighbour ferromagnetic XYmodel,
on both 2-D and 3-D quasi-periodic lattices. In the case of 2-D, both the unfrustrated
and frustrated XV-model were studied.
For the unfrustrated 2-D XV-model, we have examined the magnetization, specific
heat, linear susceptibility, helicity modulus and the derivative of the helicity modulus
with respect to inverse temperature. The behaviour of all these quatities point to a
Kosterlitz-Thouless transition occuring in temperature range Te == (1.0 -1.05) JlkB and
with critical exponents that are consistent with previous results (obtained for crystalline
lattices) .
However, in the frustrated case, analysis of the spin glass susceptibility and EdwardsAnderson
order parameter, in addition to the magnetization, specific heat and linear
susceptibility, support a spin glass transition. In the case where the 'thin' rhombus
is fully frustrated, a freezing transition occurs at Tf == 0.137 JlkB , which contradicts
previous work suggesting the critical dimension of spin glasses to be de > 2 .
In the 3-D systems, examination of the magnetization, specific heat and linear susceptibility
reveal a conventional second order phase transition. Through a cumulant analysis
and finite size scaling, a critical temperature of Te == (2.292 ± 0.003) JI kB and critical
exponents of 0:' == 0.03 ± 0.03, f3 == 0.30 ± 0.01 and I == 1.31 ± 0.02 have been obtained.


title: Morality, metanarratives, and mea culpa : postmodern problems in Law and order

subject: Postmodernism.

subject: Television.

subject: Justice, Administration of, on television.

subject: Popular culture--Social aspects.


title: Multinational drug corporations, intellectual property rights and the Canadian state : a historical and critical analysis

subject: International business enterprises--Law and legislation.

subject: Pharmaceutical industry--Canada.

subject: Intellectual property--Law and legislation.

subject: Drugs--Law and legislation.

abstract:
This study critically analyzes the historical role and influence of multinational
drug cotpOrations and multinational corporations in general; the u.s. government and
the Canadian state in negotiating the global recognition ofIntellectual Property Rights
(IPR) under GATT/NAFTA.
This process began in 1969 when the Liberal government, in response to high
prices for brand-name drugs amended the Patent Act to introduce compulsory licensing
by reducing monopoly protection from 20 to seven years. Although the financial
position ofthe multinational drug industry was not affected, it campaigned vigorously
to change the 1969 legislation. In 1987, the Patent Act was amended to extend
protection to 10 years as a condition for free trade talks with the u.s. Nonetheless, the
drug industry was not satisfied and accused Canada of providing a bad example to
other nations. Therefore, it continued to campaign for global recognition ofIPR laws
under GATT. Following the conclusion of the GATTI Trade-Related aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights agreement (TRIPS) in 1991, the multinational drug industry
and the American government, to the surprise of many, were still not satisfied and
sought to implement harsher conditions under NAFTA. The Progressive Conservative
government readily agreed without any objections or consideration for the social
consequences. As a result, Bill C-91 was introduced. It abandoned compulsory licenses
and was made retroactive from December 21, 1991.
It is the contention of this thesis that the economic survival of multinational
corporations on a global scale depends on the role and functions of the modem state.
Similarly, the existence of the state depends on the ideological-political and socioeconomic
assistance it gives to multinational corporations on a national and
international scale. This dialectical relation of the state and multinational corporations
is explored in our theoretical and historical analysis of their role in public policy.


title: National energy policies of the Federal Republic of Germany and Canada in the 1970s and 1980s: are economic and/or environmental concerns responsible for change?

subject: Energy policy--Germany (West)

subject: Energy policy--Canada.

subject: Energy policy--Economic aspects--Germany (West)

subject: Energy policy--Economic aspects--Canada.

subject: Energy policy--Environmental aspects--Germany (West)

subject: Energy policy--Environmental aspects--Canada.

abstract:
The thesis presents a comparison of the national energy
policies of the Federal Republic of Germany and Canada from
1973 until the late 1980s. The purpose of this paper is to
analyze whether economic and/or environmental concerns were
responsible for changes in the· West-German and Canadian
national energy policies. Furthermore, the feasibility of
implementing a soft energy path in West-Germany and Canada is
examined.
For better comprehension of the policy-making process
and implemented changes in the national energy policies of
the two states, the West-German and Canadian parliamentary
systems and the political cultures were compared. For the
analysis, several events with international impact were taken
as guidelines. Furthermore, based on statistical data, the
West-German and Canadian energy production and consumption
were analyzed. With reference to these results the degree of
the de facto changes in the national energy policies were
analyzed. In addition, the thesis discusses the
possibilities which a soft energy path offers to both
national governments to renounce themselves from the
dependencies on a few energy resources.
The thesis reveals that changes in the West-German and
Canadian national energy policies, in their energy production
and consumption are correlated to various world events. In
particular, governmental reponses security of energy supply
by the two international oil crises of 1973 and 1979/1980
demonstrate that changes in the West-German and Canadian
national energy policies were implemented in reaction to
economic concerns than environmental ones.
With the policies "away from oil" and "off oil", the
West-German and Canadian government implemented the
i i
substitution of oil through various diverse energy supply
resources. However, energy savings concepts and policies
were initiated through the first oil crisis in 1973. The
world recessions in 1975 and 1982 had no 'profound impacts on
the agenda of West-German and Canadian energy policies. As a
consequence of the stagnation or the negative growth of the
world economic market, changes in their energy production and
consumption can be perceived. However, the West-German and
Canadian energy production and consumption intensified with
the augmentation of the world economy. During the period of
study, environmental concerns were taken into account in the
energy policy agendas of the Federal Republic of Germany and
Canada but they were not of primary concern. wi thin the
decade of. the 1980s notably more environmental considerations
were taken into account in the energy policies of the two
states. The two nuclear reactor accidents in 1979 and 1986
sharpened to various degrees West-German and Canadian public
discourse of present energy supply mix and attitude towards
energy production and consumption. The statistical data
reflects yet no changes in the energy policies in regard to
the position of nuclear power. However, in the next several
years possible changes can be observed through statistical
data, because the planning, the construction and possible
phase out of nuclear power requires several years.
Finally, the thesis reveals that the implementation of a
soft energy path requires profound changes in the consumer
behaviour. As several studies indicate, a soft energy path
is technological and economically feasible for the Federal
Republic of Germany and Canada, its implementation remains to
be a political decision.


title: Negative and positive priming in poor and good readers : an ERP study

subject:
Priming (Psychology)
Reading.


title: NMR studies of mixed boron trihalide adducts of carboxylic esters and various Lewis bases /|nC. V. Raman. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject:
Nuclear magnetic resonance.
Boron trihalides.
Esters.
Carboxylic acids.


title: NMR studies of mixed tetrahaloborates and some related boron trihalide complexes /|nGary John Schrobilgen. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject:
Nuclear magnetic resonance.
Tetrahaloborates.
Boron.

abstract:
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used
to study donor-acceptor complexes of boron trifluoride with
several ureas, tetramethylthiourea, tetramethylselenourea,
and tetramethylquanidine as well as adducts of tetramethyl-
-urea with BF2Cl, BFC1 2 , and BC1 3 -
A large number of mixed tetrahaloborate ions, including
some of the ternary ones such as BF2CIBr-,have been obtained
by ligand exchange reactions and studied by NMR techniques.
The bonding in these ions is of the same inherent interest
as the bonding in the isoelectronic tetrahalomethanes which
have been the subject of many detailed studies and have been
involved in a controversy concerning the existence of and
the nature of "fluorine hyperconjugation" or C-F P1T- Pn
bonding_
Ligand exchange reactions also gave rise to the difluoroboron
cation, (TMU)20BF2+o The difluoroboron cation has been
observed in solutions of TMU-BF3 , and has been proposed as a
possible intermediate for fluorine exchange reactions in BF3
adducts.


title: NMR studies of strong hydrogen bond to fluoride ion

subject: Hydrogen bonding.

subject: Fluorides.

subject: Ions.

subject: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

abstract:
Systems such as MF/diol (M = alkali metal) and }1F/carboxylic acid were
subjected to IH, I9F and 13C nmr study to investigate the nature of the
very strong H-bonding of fluoride ions with these systems. Evidence
indicates a strong H-bond in diol-fluoride systems (~H ~ -(56) kJ mol-I)
which is stronger than most 'typical' H-bonds (~H = -(12-40) kJ mol-I),
but weaker than that reported for carboxylic acid-fluoride systems
(~H ~ -(120) kJ mol-I). Approximate fluoride H-bonded shifts (o(OH)OHF)
were evaluated for MF/diol systems from IH chemical shift measurements.
No direct correlation was observed between I9F chemical shift and H-bond
strength. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from temperature
dependent IH and 19F shifts. Preliminary studies of BUn 4NF-acetylacetone
by I9F nmr were conducted at low temperatures and a possible Jmax (ca.
400 Hz) is reported for the fluoride ion H-bonded to acetylacetone.
Highfield shift for non-protonated carbons and downfield shift for
protonated carbons were observed in carboxylic acid/KF systems. Significant
decreas$in I3C TI due to strong H-bonding to fluoride ions were also
detected in both diol and carboxylic acid systems. Anomalous results were
obtained, such as increasing NOE with increasing temperature in neat
1,2-ethanediol (values above the theoretical maximum of 1.988) and in
1,2-ethanediol/KF. The large 13C NOE's for carboxy carbons in neat
carboxylic acids which are. further enhanced by the addition of KF are also
unusual.