title: Social Media for Government Use

abstract: Social media use around the word is growing rapidly and governments similar to private sector firms are endeavoring to employ social media for a variety of purposes. Current research (McNutt, 2014; Snead, 2013; Chun & Luna Reyes, 2012; Picazo-Vela et al., 2012; Lavender, 2013; Mergel, 2013b) supports the observation that governments use social media as a tool to provide information to the public, to engage with citizens, to improve service delivery, to enhance democratic engagement, to facilitate feedback and comments from citizens, to communicate with stakeholders and to collaborate across organizations. Although the use of social media may bring benefits to governments, successful deployment of these technologies also faces some challenges and barriers, such as an incompatible organizational culture, information security and privacy issues. While researchers have investigated some of the issues concerning these benefits and barriers, there is still a dearth of empirical evidence related to what citizens and employees, as potential stakeholders, want when interacting with different levels of government through social media tools. This study aims to address two important objectives: 1) understanding social media as a phenomenon and its implications for government use; 2) understanding the perceptions of citizens, employees and government senior management in terms of government use of social media. The fundamental research question for this study is, what is the relative importance of the benefits and barriers linked to social media use by governments for different stakeholder groups? By applying stakeholder theory this study differentiated between the perceptions of three stakeholder groups (i.e. citizens, government senior management, and employees). Using the concept of salience developed by Mitchell et al. (1997) who suggested that an organization needs to know competing stakeholders’ claims and prioritize them, this work contributes to the literature by taking a step toward understanding potential stakeholders’ needs, stakes and expectations so that the organizations concerned can integrate their information, feedback and opinions into innovative forms of interaction. Stakeholder theory provides a useful framework for considering these issues, which may assist organizations in identifying potential stakeholders and prioritizing their needs and concerns.


title: A Comprehensive Comparison of Contemporary Parameterized Model Order Reduction Techniques

abstract:
In current state-of-art complex designs, interconnects become the dominant factor affecting the performance of high speed integrated circuits. Signal integrity issues at high frequencies demand a reasonable consideration during early stages of the design cycle. The evaluation of performance of such interconnects often requires solutions to large sets of equations, the computation of which is CPU expensive. The need to improve the computational cost of large systems of equations brought about the development of model order reduction (MOR) techniques. However, MOR techniques by themselves do
not consider process and parameter variations that cause inevitable changes in performance at high frequencies. To deal with such performance-accuracy issues, parameterized model order reduction (PMOR) models were introduced. However, there is no significant comparative study of these methods available till today in the literature. In this thesis, a comprehensive comparative analysis is presented for contemporary PMOR techniques considering the detail characteristics of each method.


title: An Examination of the Tyrannical Nature of the Soul in Plato's Charmides: The Political Importance of Recognizing our Ignorance

abstract:
In this work I argue that recognizing our limitations as human beings is essential to maintaining a healthy political order. In order to execute this, I examine the political significance of the role of Charmides, Critias, and Chaerephon in Plato's Charmides. My study of these characters reveals that the will to control others through the possession of knowledge is a dangerous and violent force, a force that continues to influence modern political life. The pursuit of any form of perfection, even perfect knowledge, hinders our understanding of ourselves and leads to the dissolution of
politics.


A comparative investigation of a ground and air launch of LEO-bound microsatellites


title: Distributed Multiple Access for the Uplink of Multi-cell OFDMA Networks

abstract: It is expected that wireless data services with diverse QoS requirements will account for most of the traffic in the future 4G networks. Current centralized scheduling requires a substantial amount of overhead when the number of wireless devices is very large in order to collect users’ CSI (Channel State Information). We explore a distributed scheduling method for the next-generation cellular networks, in which the scheduling decisions are performed jointly by the wireless devices and the BSs in order to reduce the complexity at the BSs and to reduce the protocol overhead. We propose a distributed multi-channel multiple access protocol for the uplink data transfer in TDD (Time-Division Duplex) mode for a multi-cell network. The protocol may be used as a low-overhead scheduling solution for delay-tolerant services especially with large numbers of devices, and can coexist with the legacy centralized scheduling schemes.


title: Queer Quarantine: Conceptualizing State and Dominant Cultural Responses to Queer Threats as Discursive Tactics and Technologies of Quarantine

abstract:
This study explores queer quarantine, my conceptualization of processes and practices aimed at assessing, diagnosing and isolating queer threats to the nation. In theorizing queer quarantine, I draw upon the longstanding conflation of queerness with disease and contagion, and build a case for reading the isolation, containment and casting out of queerness as an assemblage of discursive tactics and technologies aimed at quarantining queers beyond conventional understandings of quarantine. I examine the ways queers are imagined to threaten public space, healthy bodies, and the future of the
nation, and provide a new accounting for so-called homophobic policies and practices deployed in statecraft and dominant culture. I also trace the emergence of the queer AIDS monster, an effect of disciplinary tactics of queer quarantine and a particular discursive formation in its own right.
My study has two aims: building a case for queer quarantine and, at the same time, demonstrating how queer quarantine can be used as a new model of analysis to identify and explore some of the ways the Canadian state and dominant culture continue to marginalize and oppress queers despite the rights
gains and “acceptance” that some gays and lesbians have achieved.
My analysis reveals that in 1970s Toronto, the rapidly increasing visibility of queerness became a public threat necessitating tactical responses from local authorities and the police to quarantine queer spaces. The advent of AIDS saw a new and heightened level of surveillance directed nationwide onto queer bodies by medical and legal authorities, with the development of new tactics and technologies of queer quarantine to protect against multiplying threats of queer contagion. Increased state obsession with national security
in the era of homonationalism sees a renewed focus on queer threats to the nation’s future, for example, via children and the national blood supply.
This interdisciplinary study weaves together concepts and theories from cultural studies, history, sociology, queer theory, feminist theory, contagion studies, epidemiology, and applied linguistics, resulting in a multi-scalar analysis of the ways that queer quarantine can be employed to provide new readings of state and dominant cultural responses to queer threats over a forty-year period.


Designing faster CMOS sub-threshold circuits utilizing channel length manipulation


title: Fast Variability Analysis of General Nonlinear Circuits Using Hermite Polynomial Chaos

abstract: Nowadays one of the main concerns in the process of nanoscale design and fabrication is uncertainties of geometrical and physical parameters. This problem is due to the difficulty of controlling geometrical and physical parameters during the fabrication process. As a result, the nominal parameter values in pre-fabrication will be different from post-fabrication and can lead to undesired output signals. The traditional solution to estimate the impact of these variations on responses is applying Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, but the drawback is that, this solution needs large samples to converge and as a result is too time consuming, especially for large circuits. Recently, approaches based on polynomial chaos (PC) have been applied to this issue which had considerable computational advantages in comparison to (MC), but the problem is mainly addressed only for linear circuits. This thesis describes a new approach to extend the variability analysis based on PC technique to nonlinear circuits by using Hermite polynomials. The proposed approach enables interconnects and package modules whose macromodels have their variability characterized using the PC, to be used in general nonlinear circuits. This allows the PC variability analysis to be performed directly in the time domain. Also this thesis presents a new approach aimed at limiting the growth of the computational cost of variability analysis, of nonlinear circuits, using the Hermite-based Polynomial Chaos (PC), with the increase in the number of random variables. The proposed technique is based on deriving a closed-form formula for the structure of the augmented Jacobian matrix generated by the PC approach, and then showing that this structure can be approximated with a different structure that can be decoupled into independent diagonal blocks.


title: Exploring IT Governance Effectiveness: Identifying Sources of Divergence through the Adoption of a Behavioural-Based Organizational Routines Perspective

abstract:
This research seeks to broaden and strengthen the holistic understanding of IT governance effectiveness by specifically examining why IT governance systems often fail to produce appropriate or desired IT and organizational behaviours.  To address this objective, we investigate and develop a theoretical framework for understanding and explaining the varied sources of divergence that occur during the enactment of IT governance mechanisms.  Defined as the difference between desired behaviours and actual behaviours, we argue that the acceptance and consideration of all sources of divergence
within the enactment of IT governance mechanisms, is not only necessary, but critical to the appropriate design and maintenance of an effective IT governance system.
Traditional IT governance perspectives, heavily rooted in the structural and normative aspects of oversight and control (i.e. structures), have limited our ability to adequately and fully understand how IT governance performs in practice.  Framing IT governance mechanisms as routines, we draw on institutional theory and organizational routines theory as an alternative lens for understanding why organizational behaviours are
not always aligned to those expected by IT governance owners.  Based on Pentland and Feldman`s (2008) generative model of organizational routines, we establish a novel conceptualization for IT governance divergence that posits and delineates three primary sources of IT governance divergence:  Representational Divergence, Translational Divergence and Performative Divergence.
Through the in-depth examination of the IT investment planning, prioritization and selection routines within two exploratory case studies, we inductively propose a model for explaining IT governance divergence.  We
apply a narrative networks approach to frame and analyse qualitative data captured through semi-structured interviews, archival and document review and direct observation.  Pattern-matching and emergent themes analysis is performed to identify and define first-order and second-order constructs, along with 15 relational propositions.  Given the dearth of theoretically-grounded research in this domain, the central contribution of this study rests in the establishment of a robust theoretical framework of IT governance divergence upon which further cumulative empirical study can be undertaken.


Neo-liberalism and the rise of radical economism


title: Scalable Resource Augmentation for Mobile Devices

abstract:
This thesis focuses on scalability of a resource augmentation environment when a large number of mobile devices and multiple service nodes are present. To deal with congestion, a scanning method was proposed to get information on users’ density in an area such that the service nodes and access points could be placed at strategic points. To lower communication overhead, a centralized broker-node architecture was proposed, which manages resource monitoring on behalf of all mobile devices. In the centralized architecture, mathematical models for the task scheduling problem in the local resources
case and the mobile cloud computing case were proposed to optimally minimize the total energy consumption across all mobile devices. A generalized model for the task scheduling problem was proposed. The model optimally minimized the total energy and monetary cost when evaluated in two environments for mobile cloud computing, one using a local private cloud and the other using public clouds. The models found optimal solutions for the centralized task scheduling problems, and an improvement in the total costs was observed when offloading with optimization compared to when offloading without
optimization using the centralized task scheduler.


title: Investigation of Pedestrian Movement in Groups and in High-Density Bottlenecks Using Discrete Choice Modelling Framework

abstract: Walking as a non-motorized mode of transport is an essential component of sustainable environment. To increase the share of walking in transportation and accordingly to plan and manage pedestrian areas, a deep understanding of pedestrian movement behaviour is required. The aim of this thesis is to provide walking behaviour models based on discrete choice framework to study the behaviour of pedestrians in different situations. Data has been extracted from real-world video recordings of pedestrian crowds for calibration and validation purposes. In the first part of this thesis, the behavior of pedestrians walking in groups has been modeled based on the tendency of group members to maintain group unity. In the second part, a simulation tool has been developed to calibrate and validate a model presenting pedestrian behaviour at high density bottlenecks. The validation results confirm the acceptable performance of walking models proposed in both parts of the thesis.


title: Reading Europe Against the Grain: A Genealogy of Agricultural Governance

abstract: Utilizing insights from historical and political sociology, this dissertation explores the multitude of ways food, agriculture and rural economy have been governed in Western Europe. As a genealogy of agricultural governance, the project operates on two distinct analytical levels. The first level is analogous to what Charles Tilly labels ‘macro’ political history. The point here is to interrogate the ways agro-food power has been imbricated with historical processes such as statemaking, geopolitics, postwar reconstruction, welfarism and the neoliberalization of economic life. Second, the dissertation aims to make intelligible how agriculture has been created and recreated as a space of government. This will be done by deconstructing its various problems, strategies, objects and mechanisms over time. The project covers a wide swath of history: from the ancien régime to the EU. Nonetheless, the bulk of the empirical investigation will be centered on configurations of ‘European’ agricultural governance over the postwar era. The dissertation ultimately draws two important conclusions from its examination of agro-food power. First, the production and supply of food has always been a central space through which populations have been managed by centralized political authorities – a fact equally true at the national and European levels. Second, the strategies and practices of agricultural governance have been formative in building postwar ‘European government’.


title: The Effects of Fisheries Capture on the Physiology and Post-Release Fate of Adult Pacific Salmon

abstract:
All animals encounter acute stressors during their lifetimes, and while the immediate response to those stressors is well understood and presumed to be adaptive, relatively few studies have linked those responses with subsequent fitness outcomes. This problem finds particular relevance in the fisheries realm, where there is interest in developing a) an understanding of what leads to mortality for caught-and-released animals, b) methods for reducing post-release mortality, and c) predictors of delayed mortality. Pacific salmon are a tractable model for studying post-release mortality because
the migration success of individuals after release can be easily and effectively tracked, and migration failure means zero lifetime fitness. In this thesis I report on research in which I used physiological assessments and tracked Pacific salmon fitness outcomes in the wild to examine the response to and recovery from capture, and whether individual differences in responses could be linked to migration or spawning failure. A key finding that arose throughout was that reflex impairment is an effective indicator of the whole-animal response to capture stressors, is correlated with dermal
injury, reflects underlying physiological processes, and can predict delayed mortality. I demonstrate that mortality rates currently used in management models are likely inaccurate, but use several lines of evidence to show that mortality could be reduced using different capture and handling techniques. Specifically, more proactive efforts to reduce handling time reduced physiological disturbance and reflex impairment. Revival using industry-standard revival totes and novel in-river recovery bags did not reduce delayed mortality, although the latter and forced-flow revival boxes appeared
effective at expediting short-term revival. I found some evidence that sensitivity to capture stressors may change dynamically throughout the spawning migration, with fish becoming particularly resilient once reaching spawning areas. Well-controlled experiments are required if the knowledge gaps arising from this thesis are to be addressed: namely, how does resilience to capture stressors change over the course of the spawning migration, and when does facilitated revival benefit fish survival? Collectively, the work presented in this thesis provides a useful addition to our understanding of
the effects of fisheries capture on the physiology and survival of fish.


title: Design of Reliable and Efficient Flip-Flops for Subthreshold Operation Using Multi-Threshold MOSFETs and Transistor Sizing Technique

abstract:
This thesis addresses the challenge of designing reliable and energy-efficient subthreshold flip-flops. A dual-clock-phase flip-flop (TG-FF) and a   single-clock-phase flip-flop (SP-FF) configurations are considered and their gradual design modifications are reported towards perfecting their yields at minimum cost in terms of energy consumption. In addition, the two optimized flip-flop designs are compared in based on the criteria of static and dynamic energy consumptions, delay, and reliability in face of PVT variations.
A 65 nm and a newer 28 nm CMOS technology kit were used during the
course of this work. Multi-threshold MOSFETs and transistor sizing technique were incorporated for yield optimization. In general we were able to increase the flip-flops yields to 100% at the nominal temperature and power supply condition, and in the worst-case around 90% in the extreme cold and -10% noise on the power supply. We also prove the overall superiority of the SP-FF compared to TG-FF.


title: An Experimental Methodology for Characterizing High Speed Craft Seat Suspension Components

abstract:
A generalized test procedure was developed with the aim of experimentally characterizing the static and dynamic properties of Shock Mitigation Seats and their components. The composite procedure comprises static, friction, and dynamic tests. A user-friendly Component Testing Machine was designed and built by Carleton University's Applied Dynamics Laboratory to effectively apply the developed procedure to the strut components of the seats, the seat cushions, and the assembled seats. The developed individual test procedures were applied to three typical seats with passive suspension
components and one seat with a semi-active suspension system. The three seats with passive suspension were disassembled and their individual components were tested. The semi-active seat was only tested as a full seat. Displacement, velocity, and force data were recorded throughout the testing. Static test data were used to obtain load-displacement plots, stiffness properties, as well as static and kinetic friction values for all the tested elements. Dynamic


title: Large Scale Investigation in Yeast, to Identify Novel Gene(s) Involved in Translation Pathway

abstract:
As a fundamental step in the gene expression pathway, protein synthesis (also known as translation) plays a crucial role in the biology of a cell. Although much has been discovered about the translation pathway over the last few decades, the list of novel factors affecting the translation pathway continues to grow indicating the presence of other novel players associated with the protein synthesis pathway which are yet to be discovered.
This study aimed to identify novel genes involved in the translation pathway. To this end, we used a variety of large-scale screening techniques followed by
low throughput experimental analyses designed for genetic studies in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using molecular biology techniques and bioinformatics, we systematically investigated the effect of specific gene deletions on translation fidelity and efficiency, Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRESs) functionality and translation-related helicase activities, for a total of ~ 70,000 strain analysis.
We further studied the activity of ~15 genes in more details for their involvement in translation pathway. In light of the current study we propose that there remain other uncharacterized
factors that influence translation regulation. Further investigations to characterize these novel factors are recommended.


title: Utilization of Methods of Spatial Analysis in Road Safety Evaluation

abstract:
Network screening is an important step in road safety analysis. Statistical techniques are currently available and have been integrated in the Highway Safety Manual and the SafetyAnalyst software. However, analysis can still be complex to conduct. Several alternative approaches that use spatial analysis methods are identified and applied to collision data from the Ontario Provincial highway network. The results are compared to those of SafetyAnalyst. The results demonstrated the potential of the spatial analysis methods as a network screening tool, particularly the Local Moran I index method.
In addition, with the ability of the spatial analysis methods to identify clusters of a specific type of collisions, they can be easily used in speed management efforts in order to identify clusters of speed-related collisions.


The secret world of women bloggers: a feminist exploration of the Internet diary writing practices of Canadian women


Mutagenicity of soil from an old gasworks site during bioremediation


title: Welfare Production in Canada and Tanzania: The Ismaili Imamat, Ismaili Community Institutions and the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN)

abstract: This dissertation examines the evolution in thinking about public policy devoted to social protection by drawing on welfare theory and its extensions, state-civil society frameworks, and transnational networks. It does this through case studies of the Ismaili Imamat, Ismaili community institutions, and AKDN in Canada and Tanzania. The key question posed is: How are we to understand the role in welfare provision of an evolving trans-state or perhaps international non-state cluster of institutions that have their origins and owe their existence to a religious faith? The importance of understanding hybridity, intermediary roles, scale, and regional configurations are highlighted. The dissertation comes to the following conclusions on the AKDN and welfare provision. First, regarding AKDN, although the Imamat level may be occupying that intermediary space and is involved in the orchestration and management of welfare production, the capacity for the mechanisms of the Imamat to also engage in a fully realized potential of a logic of hybridity is a more difficult proposition. AKDN is a culmination of elements that began in the Ismaili community, and it is still evolving. So the capacity to seamlessly engage in a logic of hybridity or not be confined to a particular sector or scale is an ongoing process. Second, regarding welfare provision, the focus on self-reliance and independence are important factors in meeting welfare needs. However, context is important. For example, in Canada, the Ismaili community institutions are more robust, highly professional, and are operating within the context of Canadian state welfare provision and other external services. This in not the case in Tanzania where community institutions are resource strapped and government or external services are unavailable. The extent of collaboration between the more comprehensive AKDN entities and community institutions in Tanzania are unresolved. Although there were pockets of collaboration between AKDN entities and government, it could be described as strategic cooperation rather than co-production. Finally, the level of Imamat engagement in welfare production demonstrated that innovation in this area is rooted in the need to break away from sector confinements and re-evaluate thinking about how and where welfare production can take place.


Tectonostratigraphy of the Middle Ordovician Carillon formation, Eastern Ontario


Modal testing and model updating of a steel bridge pier frame


Late holocene paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic records in anoxic basins, Seymour-Belize Inlet Complex, British Columbia


Investigation of the effects of compressibility on profile pressure losses in axial turbine cascades


title: Fire Resistance of Partially Protected Cross-Laminated Timber Rooms

abstract:
This thesis studies the fire behaviour of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels in partially protected rooms. A one-dimensional heat transfer model was developed to determine the fire resistance of CLT floor and wall panels. During this study, three room fire tests were conducted at Carleton University Fire Research Laboratory to determine the maximum percentage of unprotected CLT surface area that will yield similar results to that of a fully protected room. The rooms had a single opening and were constructed entirely using 3-ply, 105 mm thick CLT panels. A non-standard, parametric fire using
furniture and clothing as fuel was used and 2 layers of gypsum board were used to cover the ceiling and the protected walls. The Heat Release Rate, temperature, charring rate and gypsum falloff time of each test was collected. The results obtained from the room test where then compared to the numerical heat transfer model.


title: Antioxidant and Calcium Binding Activities of Hydrolyzed Oat Bran Proteins and Chromatographic Fractions

abstract:
Interest in peptides as bioactive agents has gained attention. Oats are a source of dietary fibers and phenols with demonstrated health benefits. However peptides have received little attention. In this research, oat bran treated with viscozyme and digested with protamex. The hydrolysates separated on RP-HPLC to eight fractions. The fractions were assayed for their ability to scavenge radicals, chelate metals, inhibit peroxide and bind calcium. In ORAC assay, F7 had the highest peroxyl quenching activity compared to OPH and other fractions. In the superoxide radical assay F3 and F6-F8 had
higher activities while in the hydroxyl radical assay, F4, F7, F8 were the highest (14-16%).In the metal chelation assay F1 and OPH had the best iron chelating in comparison to the RP-HPLC derived peptides (1.22–22.8%). The calcium binding activity of OPH and peptides F5 and F7 was weak. Spectrums/MS charged peaks in F5 and F7 revealed a number peptides.


Treatment readiness in a sample of antisocial youth: assessing characteristics for use in decision-making


title: Movement ecology of adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)

abstract:
Ecologists are recognizing that organism movement can be explained by a combination of inter-related variables that are derived from an individual’s internal state, environment, motion capacity, and navigation capacity. To reveal aspects of movement ecology of free-ranging adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), I used acoustic telemetry and tested hypotheses about thermal resource selection, diel vertical migration, and size and sex-related effects on movement. I tagged 187 adult fish and monitored these individuals for up to two years (2010-2012) in the ~ 425 km2 Kinbasket Reservoir,
BC. Correlates of movement included combinations of variables representing the internal state (e.g., phenotypic traits including sex and body size), the external environment (e.g., temperature and diel period), and the navigation capacity (e.g., the way in which an organism perceives and navigates its environment). Over the two-year period, temperature experience was similar for all body sizes (~ 400-800 mm total length). During summers, bull trout were predicted to experience temperatures that were within ~1°C of their lab-derived thermal optimum for metabolism and growth for juveniles. Bull
trout occupied temperatures between approximately 11-15°C and selected higher temperatures as these temperatures became less available with the progression of summer and autumn. Diel vertical migration (DVM) was evident, with the largest individuals occupying the shallowest water. Significant DVM continued to occur during winter when the thermal profile was presumably isothermal. Winter DVM, and a significant effect of body size, indicated that multiple inter-related factors were responsible for vertical movements. Body size and season were significant predictors of home range size, with the
largest home ranges predicted during autumn and spring in fish greater than 700 mm total length. A significant sex x body size interaction predicted horizontal movement such that in a given month, large females moved significantly farther than large males and small females, whereas there was no difference between large and small males. This work provides novel insight into thermal resource selection, diel vertical migration, and the correlates of horizontal movement. This research generates new information on the movement ecology of adfluvial bull trout in a hydropower reservoir which is
relevant to understanding entrainment risk.


Encountering the virtual: on Deleuze and the disappearing realities of recent Hollywood cinema


title: The Revolt of Political Spiritedness: Machiavelli's Martial Modernity and the New Birth of Politics

abstract: This thesis discusses the role of the political philosophy of Niccolò Machiavelli in the origins of modern political thought. In particular, his teaching regarding political spiritedness. In discussing Machiavelli’s attempt to re-introduce the political practice of the ancients, this thesis discerns and describes the original nature of Machiavelli’s teaching in contrast to ancient and liberal modern political science. This difference can be traced to how these three schools of thought envision the role of political spiritedness in their respective political projects. Where the ancients seek to harness spiritedness and the liberal moderns intend to purge it, Machiavelli hopes to unleash it. Machiavelli’s plan to liberate political spiritedness is founded on three important roots; his goal to replace the classical gentleman-ruler with his Captain-Prince, the aristocratic republic of the ancients with his martial republic, and finally his founder-prophet takes the place of the classical philosopher and Christian saint. These three elements taken together form the basis of Machiavelli’s attempt to restore ancient virtue to his native Italy in order to reverse the political corruption he sees in Florence, Italy, and the West in general. By doing so he founds a version of modernity; one that emphasizes martial virtue and imperial glory. Liberal moderns reject this Machiavellian modernity though and in contrast found a new version of modernity that accentuates comfortable self-preservation via the relief of man’s estate and commercial republicanism. Machiavelli therefore, while not belonging to camp of Plato and Aristotle, cannot be called the founder of the modernity of Hobbes and Locke. This thesis begins and concludes with a discussion of the absence of a debate on the role of political spiritedness in contemporary political science and advocates its return to a prominent position via the study of the history of political thought in order to provide political science with the necessary tools to understand the nature of citizens who desire political distinction.


title: Deposition Modelling of High Density Tailings Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

abstract:
High density (HD) tailings are tailings that have been sufficiently dewatered, where they exhibit a yield stress upon deposition, and therefore naturally form gently sloped deposits that do not requires dams for containment. It is essential to comprehend and model the flow behaviour during deposition to predict the final geometry of the stack and control storage capacity; which are important design elements to HD tailings technology. As HD tailings exhibit a yield stress, modelling stack geometry constitutes, in part, a problem of non-Newtonian flow with a free surface.
This research
investigated modelling the flow behaviour of HD tailings, using an open-source Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code. The results indicated that two-dimensional simulations using SPH agreed well with experimental data for single and multi-layer flume tests. SPH has the advantage over simpler methods, such as Lubrication Theory, as SPH better predicts the geometry when inertia influences the flow of tailings.


title: Rethinking Spatial Abilities: A Multimethod Examination of Its Context-Dependent Nature and Whether Tests Require Increased Conceptual, Contextual, and Perceptual Similarity to Usage Context

abstract:
Four studies investigated the role of personnel selection test and job-task similarity for identifying qualified job candidates.  According to the Point-to-Point Theory (Asher, 1972), greater number of common points between a test and job task should result in better predictive tests.  Test and job-task similarity was manipulated in three distinct ways: conceptually, contextually, and perceptually.  A focus group (Study 1) was conducted with 15 Air Traffic Controllers to identify the abilities required on the job and the context in which the job tasks are performed.  Based on these results,
three laboratory studies were conducted with undergraduate students at Carleton University.  Study 2 examined the role of conceptual similarity by administering spatial ability tests that had high and low conceptual similarity to an Air Traffic Control-related game.  Study 3 utilized tests that were best predictive of the game performance in Study 2 and administered them under a control and two different job-relevant contexts (i.e., with increased mental workload and with interruptions).  Study 4 examined whether selection tests need to be visually similar to job tasks.  The results revealed
that a test with both increased conceptual and contextual similarity to job tasks was the only predictor of game performance and that perceptual similarity was not necessary.  This finding challenges the conventional method of personnel selection test development and administration and has implications not only for ATC but also other occupations.  The results also offer an improved understanding of the spatial ability construct, one that is context dependent.  A revised definition of spatial ability is proposed.


title: Enhancing Machine Translation for English-Japanese Using Syntactic Pattern Recognition Methods

abstract:
In this thesis, we present a novel approach to machine translation using syntactic Pattern Recognition (PR) methods. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the possibility of using syntactic PR techniques in this field. To make use of syntactic PR techniques, we propose a system that performs string-matching to pair English sentence structures to Japanese structures. In order to process the sentence structures of either language as a string, we have created a representation that replaces the tokens of a sentence with their respective Part-of-Speech tags. To perform the string-matching
operation we make use of the OptPR algorithm, a syntactic PR scheme that has been proven to achieve optimal accuracy. Through our experiments, we show that our implementation obtains superior results to that of a standard statistical machine translation system on our data set, with the additional guarantee of generating a known sentence structure.


Three dimensional co-registration between a positron emission tracking system and a C-arm x-ray imaging system


title: Unravelling the P-T-t History of Grenvillian Metamorphism in the Mazinaw Domain, Southeastern Ontario: Insights from Phase Equilibria Modeling and Geospeedometry

abstract: P-T-t conditions of Grenvillian metamorphism were derived from mineral assemblages, growth zoning in garnet and monazite geochronology from metapelites of the Flinton Group in southeastern Ontario. Initial conditions of garnet growth determined through isopleth thermobarometry yielded 3.7 kbar and 515°C and geothermal gradients of 40°C km-1. Phase equilibria modeling revealed an increase from 615 to 715°C and 5.6 to 7.9 kbar across the study area. Forward modeling of growth zoning in a population of garnet porphyroblasts with the THERIA_G software revealed a clockwise path over the P-T interval 3.7 to 5.9 kbar and 513 to 615°C. Diffusional relaxation of growth zoning in relatively small porphyroblasts of the population provided an average heating rate of 2°C Ma-1. In situ U-Pb monazite geochronology revealed a major age population at 977 ± 4 Ma, interpreted to represent monazite growth at the expense of allanite near the peak conditions of garnet growth and metamorphism.


title: Resource Allocation and Interference Management in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

abstract:
Heterogeneous networks (HetNet) are a promising solution to improve network performance in terms of spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. Nevertheless, HetNets suffer from two main sources of interference: mutual interference between macrocells and small cells (called cross-layer interference), as well as inter-cell interference among small cells themselves (called co-layer interference). In this thesis, we study the resource allocation and interference issues of HetNets. First, in HetNet systems with a moderate number of small cells, we integrate two popular approaches: spectrum
avoidance and spectrum sharing, using optimization and game theory. In this solution, small base stations (SBSs) opportunistically avoid the parts of the spectrum that are used by macro BS (MBS), thereby controlling cross-layer interference, while the co-layer interference is controlled using a spectrum sharing technique. We then exploit recent advances in the mean-field game theory in order to control the co-layer interference between a large number of small cells. Meanwhile, a spectrum avoidance technique is applied to control the cross-layer interference. Next, we design a full spectrum
sharing technique based on the mean-field game theory for interference management in hyper dense HetNet systems. The joint cross-layer and co-layer interference management issue is formulated as two nested problems, which are solved via distributed algorithms. Furthermore, tools from the optimization theory are employed to enhance the performance of cell edge users in open access HetNets. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.


K-hops passive clustering in ad hoc networks


Optimization of freight transportation in Southeast Mexico


Shaking the feathers: Canada's aboriginal cultural tourism in the 21st century. Does native tourism strengthen communities and inform non-native people, or does it reinforce negative stereotypes? An examination of Woodland Cultural Centre in Brantfo


Class and nationalism in Quebec politics; working class behavior in the 1973 provincial election.


Paleoceanographic history of the Seymour-Belize Inlet Complex, British Columbia, Canada, through the last 1100 years based on foraminiferal data


Robust daily exchange rate forecasting Mark Blanchette.


Exploiting temporal redundancy for the detection and estimation of low probability of intercept radar


title: Three Essays on the Economics and Market of Higher Education

abstract:
This thesis consists of three essays on university behavior in the higher education market. The first essay examines factors that determine the enrollment of international undergraduate students at 116 U.S. universities from 2003 to 2011. Published tuition is found to be exogenous to international students. The relationship between price and international students is best described by a dynamic model. Published tuition positively affects enrollment through the signalling effect, while university financial aid is negatively related to enrollment. Female international students are more
sensitive to price changes than male international students.
Price competition between 528 U.S. universities from 2004 to 2011 is analyzed in the remaining two essays. The proximity of competitors in the market is incorporated using the spatial econometrics method. The model specification process follows a systematic selection process which confirms the presence of spatial autocorrelations and performs several specification tests between four spatial model candidates.
The second essay investigates price competition in the geographical market dimension, where the longitude and latitude
coordinates of universities are used to determine their locations. The prices set by a university are found to be positively influenced by prices, cost and demand variables of other competitors in the same geographical market region. Price competition in the geographical market is found to be integrated at the national level.
The third essay examines price competition in the product market dimension. The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) rank is used to indicate the locations of universities along a prestige line. The specification process indicates positive spatial effects
exist in price competition between universities that are located in a similar prestige range. Spatial effect is present in the demand and cost factors for published tuition but not net tuition. Spatial effect in published tuition competition is sensitive to different market size limitations, while it is persistently positive in net tuition competition in smaller product market range.


Architecture + media digital augmentations through meta media, mappings, real-time communication and interactivity


Design of a technology demonstration closed Brayton cycle engine for small electrical power generation application


title: Heat Transfer Model for an Engineered Landfill in Sainte-Sophie, Quebec, Canada

abstract:
A conceptual and numerical heat transfer model was developed for a landfill gas to energy (LFGTE) facility in Ste. Sophie, Quebec. The operating LFGTE facility was instrumented with sensors to measure parameters affecting waste stabilization. Temperature data from the field was used to calibrate a heat transfer model to better understand the thermal processes and parameters. Waste was observed to stay frozen for up to 1.5 years when placed in thick layers during the winter. Detection of oxygen within the top 1 m of waste was directly correlated with temperature rises, indicating a heat
source, likely aerobic biodegradation. In simulating the placement of five waste lifts over a five year period, aerobic digestion in the top 1 m generated 56% of the total heat generated. A brief sensitivity analysis was completed and the model was used to show the effect of waste sequencing on the vertical temperature profile over time.


title: Silicon Photonic Devices for Sensing, Switching, Polarization and Mode Control

abstract: This thesis starts with an investigation of the local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) technique to fabricate submicron-size photonic waveguides. Next, the thesis shifts the focus theme from fabrication technology to device designs. The first class of silicon devices that was investigated in this thesis is microring resonator (MRR)-based devices, two of which are targeted for label-free evanescent field sensing. The last MRR-based device proposed is an all-optical switch using a ring-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer (RAMZI), which is the essential building block for on-chip silicon photonic circuits. The second class of silicon photonic devices investigated in this thesis is subwavelength grating (SWG) structures for polarization management. The SWG structure features the unique engineering capability of the waveguide effective index. The third class of silicon photonic devices investigated in this thesis is taper-based devices. The taper-based devices are first applied in polarization management. One design is a polarization rotator (PR) using a tapered amorphous silicon layer, which can effectively reduce the insertion loss; while the second design is a PSR based on a taper-etched directional coupler (DC). The thesis also presented a two-mode (de)multiplexer using a simple taper-etched DC, where the fabrication tolerance was greatly improved by the tapered design. All the devices mentioned above were thoroughly examined through numerical simulations. A selective set of devices were fabricated experimentally. For example, the LOCOS wire waveguides were fabricated at the Carleton University MicroFabrication Facility; the MMI coupled slotted MRRs and the TE-pass polarizer based on SWG waveguides have been fabricated using deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography by the OpSIS and IMEC foundry services through the CMC Microsystems.


Adaptable MOS current mode logic for multi-band frequency synthesizers


"She was built to be silent": the gendering of machinery in Canadian magazines during the second world war


title: Lies, Damned Lies and Preschoolers: The Roles of Theory of Mind and Executive Function in Preschoolers' Conceptual Understanding and Telling of Self-Serving and Prosocial Lies

abstract:
Children begin to tell lies, and to reason about lies told by others, during the preschool period (e.g., Lee, 2013). Most of the work on children’s telling and understanding of lies examines those told in self-serving contexts (to deny misdeeds) or in prosocial contexts (to spare the feelings of others). However, the vast majority of this work has been conducted within one context or the other: no study has reported children’s lie telling across contexts, and only one study compares children’s understanding of these different kinds of lies (Bussey, 1999). Although some research has
investigated how Theory of Mind and Executive Function relate to children’s telling of self-serving lies, little is known about how these abilities relate to children’s prosocial lie telling or to their understanding of lies.
The two studies reported here compared preschoolers’ understanding and telling of lies across self-serving and prosocial contexts, and to examine the roles of Theory of Mind and Executive Function in these abilities. In Study One, I found that both four- and five-year-olds could identify lies and truths in both contexts and demonstrated some understanding of the
emotional consequences of lie telling for the speakers. However, only five-year-olds were sensitive to the moral consequences of telling lies in self-serving and prosocial contexts. Further, different aspects of Theory of Mind were related to these different kinds of reasoning.
In Study Two, though fewer children took the opportunity to tell lies than expected, I found some support for a correspondence between children’s lie telling in self-serving and prosocial contexts. I also found some converging evidence for the findings of Study One with regard to preschoolers’ reasoning about lies
and truths in self-serving and prosocial contexts and the role of Theory of Mind in these abilities. However, children’s participation in lie telling tasks also influenced their reasoning about others’ lies. Taken together, this research demonstrates that important developments in children’s understanding of lies take place during preschool, and suggests that different aspects of Theory of Mind contribute to these developments. More work is needed to investigate children’s lie telling across contexts.


Design of CMOS decision feedback equalizer for high speed backplane transceiver


title: Power and Area Efficient Sub-threshold 6T SRAM with Horizontal Local Bit-Lines and Bit-Interleaving

abstract:
SRAM in the typical microprocessor consumes a substantial amount of on-chip area and significantly contributes to static power dissipation. This study presents a new SRAM architecture with minimum area that utilizes a modified 6T SRAM cell for sub- and near-threshold operation in ultra-low power applications. This new architecture introduces horizontal bit-lines, mitigates half-select disturb, and supports bit-interleaving. The proposed design's stability was thoroughly tested in the presence of process, temperature, and voltage variations and compared to the standard 6T and traditional
8T cells. A 32kb SRAM block implementing the proposed architecture was designed, simulated, and compared to a traditional 8T SRAM cell block. The results show that the proposed design has lower power consumption than the 8T SRAM block, comparable read performance, and better write performance. This was all achieved while only having a 10\% increase in area per bit over the conventional 6T thin-cell layout.


title: Biosignal Quality Analysis in Ambulatory Electrocardiograms to Enhance Detection of Myocardial Ischemia

abstract:
Patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery can have an elevated risk of cardiac complication. Myocardial ischemia, a lack of oxygen in the heart tissue, can precede these complications and is detectable via changes in a patient`s electrocardiogram (ECG). Excessive noise during mobile ECG monitoring can result in frequent false detection of ischemia, rendering mobile ischemia detection clinically impractical. This thesis investigates modification of alarms on the basis of signal quality to increase the positive predictive value (PPV) of mobile ischemia detection. First, methods are presented and
validated to automatically quantify ECG signal quality in a single ECG lead via a signal quality index (SQI). This thesis then proposes and evaluates three system approaches to modifying alarms using this SQI. Resulting modified alarms reveal increased PPV from 0.41 to 0.85 while maintaining sensitivity. These results indicate that these methods could help provide for practical mobile monitoring ischemia monitoring.


title: The Relationship Between Roads and Amphibians:  Effects of Traffic Noise and Mitigation of Road Mortality

abstract:
Anuran abundance is negatively correlated with road traffic; this may be due in part to the interruption of mate attraction by traffic noise. The impact could be small if anurans can alter their vocalization characteristics to avoid masking of their calls by traffic noise. I compared vocalizations of four anuran species in locations with low traffic noise vs. sites with high traffic noise. I then broadcast traffic noise at low traffic sites, and compared the anuran vocalizations before vs. during the broadcast traffic noise. Finally, I compared vocalizations at high traffic sites to those
produced at low traffic sites while broadcasting traffic noise. Some species produced different vocalization characteristics in the presence and absence of traffic noise. Broadcast traffic noise immediately altered vocalizations such that they became similar to individuals of the same species found in locations with high traffic noise.
To test whether alterations compensate for an effect of traffic noise on mate attraction, I: (i) recorded a male calling at a quiet site; (ii) played traffic noise at the same male and recorded its altered call; and (iii) used these recordings to attract
females to a trap at sites either with or without broadcast traffic noise. Results indicate that when necessary, males change their calls to compensate for potential effects of traffic noise on mate attraction. If my results apply to anurans in general, the previously documented negative effects of roads on populations are likely not caused by traffic noise; I hypothesize that road mortality is the main cause.
Culvert-type ecopassages, along with fencing have been used to mitigate road mortality on herptiles. Effectiveness of the ecopassage itself, independent of fencing, is largely
untested. I tested the hypothesis that pre-existing drainage culverts actually mitigate anuran road mortality. I found no evidence that culverts alone reduce road kill. In contrast, fencing with culverts was effective at reducing road mortality. Overall, my results suggest that mitigation of road effects on anurans should focus on ways of excluding the animals from the road surface.


title: The Role of Oxytocin and Psychosocial Factors in Online Social Networking in Times of Emotional Distress

abstract:
The present study examined the use of social networking websites to give and receive social support. Participants were asked to create a hypothetical status update about a stressful time and rate their reactions to one of six messages that either contain information about calling a crisis line or indicate that no one responded. Messages with personal involvement increased positive affect, and any of the messages were received as more supportive than no message at all. In general, messages that were private were perceived as more supportive than public ones, even among individuals who felt
stigmatized or depressed. An offer of personal involvement was perceived positively for most, but could be less helpful to the highly depressed or if the messages were sent publicly to individuals experiencing low levels of stigma. Overall, there is promise in using online communication tools in the treatment and prevention of mental health issues.


Assembling non-place collage: architecture of the terminal


Meeting environmental certification in design : a toolkit facilitating the process of eco-labelling through LCA for eletronic products


High-efficiency switched-mode power amplifier using gallium nitride on silicon hemt technology


Migration and reactions to displacement; the Portuguese in Canada.


Reduced order linear system identification


Wireless system-on-chip and system-on-package design for biomedical applications


The geography of irreligion in Canada.


Structure, behaviour and performance of the world potash industry.


"A war without bombs" : the government's role in damming and flooding of Lac Des Mille Lacs First Nation


title: Turbotrain, Zerotrain, Ecotrain: The Ecological Political Economies of High-Speed Rail in Canada

abstract:
Since the late 1980s Canadian proponents of high-speed rail (HSR) have increasingly appealed to the technology’s sustainability potential to sell the idea to decision-makers. This thesis employs an ecological political economy (EPE) approach to examine this phenomenon. It considers when, how, and why high-speed rail became an ‘ecological fix’ – a neoliberal tactic, employed by states and capitalists in search of profit, wherein innovations are proposed as a means of externalizing and internalizing socio-environmental conditions. It demonstrates how this development in Canada’s HSR story was
shaped by the underlying transformation of ‘neoliberalization’, a process which in Canada was largely uneven, often contradictory, and featured various national idiosyncrasies. Three distinct ecological political economic narratives for HSR development are identified – ‘Turbotrain’, ‘Zerotrain’ and ‘Ecotrain’ – and these narratives are shown to have competed with one another for legitimacy since the 1960s, during periods of HSR ‘emergence’, ‘impasse’ and ‘unanswered resurgence’. It is argued that HSR became an ecological fix after proponents repeatedly failed to convince decision-makers to
invest in the transport infrastructure, a phenomenon that was backgrounded by ‘roll-out’ forms of neoliberalism and the attendant popularization of eco-modernist beliefs. However, considering Canada’s two proposed HSR projects (in the Quebec City-Windsor and Calgary-Edmonton corridors) from an EPE perspective raises doubts about some of the grand claims and motivations underlying this ecological fix, and identifies a number of unintended impacts which could result from the introduction of HSR as a new mode within Canada’s busiest transport corridors.


Assessment of the potential of Phytophthora ramorum to infect roots of red oak and balsam fir


title: Third-Party Reproduction: Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Commodification and Biopolitics

abstract:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the issues that arise in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) through cross-border reproductive travel, the global trade in ova and the contracting of surrogates. The concern is around the commercialization and commodification of women and children, as well as the risks associated with the global for-profit ART industry. The project is divided into three case studies. First, the Canadian ART context shows that restrictive federal policy is challenged by transnational ART. The second case study reveals that international online fertility networks
are created and located opportunistically in destination countries where surrogates and egg donors can be recruited. The last case study reveals a trend in some destination countries towards more restrictive ART legal frameworks. In conclusion, this thesis argues that the patterns of cross-border ART are shaped by government regulations and the local availability of egg donors and surrogates.


title: A Holistic Micro-Macro Model of an Arc Weld Pool with Microstructure Evolution in the Fusion and Heat-Affected Zones

abstract:
The research describes a micro-macro computer model that captures most of the physics of a weld pool, the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone in a low-alloy steel weld.
The macro-model uses either FEM or Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) methodology for the weld pool geometry.
The SPH model solves the transient 3D non-linear energy equation
for temperature and fraction solid  and the Navier-Stokes equations
for velocity and pressure. This predicts
the transient weld pool size, shape and oscillations including transient temperature,
fraction solid, velocity, composition
including mixing and dilution and macro-scale solidification.
The number of particles ranges
from 50K to 500K with particle spacings of roughly 0.2 mm. Time steps are usually 0.2 microsecond  and the number
of time steps is about 1 to 2M for 1 s physical time.
A micro-model for the evolution of microstructure in the FZ includes a model for dendrite growth during the weld pool solidification of a Fe-C-Mn alloy system. A 3D cellular approach is used for the dendrite growth simulation in the micro scale where the solid phase growth is controlled by the constitutional and capillary
under-cooling
at the liquid-solid interface.
This micro model is coupled to a macro-model of the weld in a welded structure.
Another micro-model describes the dissolution of ferrite and homogenization of austenite in a low-alloy steel weld.
A synthetic microstructure is introduced containing a representation of individual grains.
The process is driven by the thermal cycle and carbon diffusion.
Holistic frameworks are finally introduced for the HAZ and fusion zone
to establish correlations between the weld process parameters in the macro model
such as weld process type, weld
current, voltage, weld heat input, weld speed, base metal and filler metal composition
and the solidification microstructure as well as the solid state microstructure transformations
and mechanical properties in the neighborhood of a spatial point in macro-model.


A proceduralist theory of supranational law


title: Biased Nearest Neighbour Search

abstract: The nearest neighbour search problem is to preprocess a set of points so that for any query point, the closest point in the set to that query point can be determined quickly. In the biased version of this problem a probability distribution over the search points is available that can be used to answer searches more efficiently on average. This thesis contains empirical results showing that practical implementations of data structures for the biased nearest neighbour search problem are possible.


title: Entity Relationship Diagram Approach to Defining Cyber-attacks

abstract:
Cyber-attack studies are at the core of cybersecurity studies. Cyber-attacks threaten our ability to use the Internet safely, productively, and creatively worldwide and are the source of many security concerns. However, the "cyber-attack” concept is underdeveloped in the academic literature and what is meant by cyber-attack is not clear.
To advance theory, design and operate databases to support scholarly research, perform empirical observations, and compare different types of cyber-attacks, it is necessary to first clarify the “concept of cyber-attack”. In this thesis, the following
research question is addressed: How to represent a cyber-attack? Entity Relationship Diagrams are used to examine definitions of cyber-attacks available in the literature and information on ten successful high-profile attacks that is available on the Internet.
This exploratory research contributes a representation and a definition of the concept of cyber-attack.


Conscience and community: the conflict at the heart of Anglicanism and the issue of same-sex blessings


title: Digital Additive Manufacture: Improved Product and Equipment Design for 3D Printing

abstract:
This thesis offers an understanding of the field of digital additive manufacture and introduces the role of design in advancing the technology and application of this novel commercial production capability. The field is distinguished from other additive techniques with the addition of “digital” to the additive manufacturing term. Methods of increasing process competitiveness for commercial applications are described with the use of low-cost open source equipment through two sets of case studies conducted by the author (design for extrusion-based digital additive manufacture and equipment design / operation). As a result, the author identified and improved eight areas of development: layer design; support design; profile design; mesostructure design; extrusion tooling; solidification control; printing surface and positioning system. These areas of development inform professional and hobbyist design for manufacture and future interdisciplinary research.
Keywords: Advanced manufacturing; Competitive advantage; Product design; Iterative design; Additive manufacturing; Fused Deposition Modeling; Computer Numerical Control


title: Between Fear and Vulnerability: The Emergence of the Humanitarian-Security Nexus in the Canadian Refugee Protection Regime

abstract:
This thesis examines the humanitarian-security nexus in the Canadian refugee protection regime through a biopolitical and genealogical framework. Addressing the post-WWII period, it analyses the specific ways in which this nexus has been assembled in response to the Ugandan-Asian and Chilean refugee crises. Although diverse studies have focused on either security or humanitarian practices, there has been scant inquiry into the intersecting nature of these practices. Drawing from Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben's theoretical understandings of biopolitics as an assemblage of technologies of
power, this dissertation argues that governing authorities' biopolitical power alternates among making live, letting die, and making survive.
In the aftermath of WWII, the humanitarian-security nexus primarily aimed to eliminate immigrants who were deemed racially, politically, and physically unfit to contribute to Canada's economic well-being, White-European heritage, and Western-liberal democratic values. As a result, the humanitarian response to the Ugandan-Asian refugee crisis involved a carefully orchestrated selection process that welcomed refugees who were deemed strong potential economic contributors. Meanwhile, the Chilean refugees, who were perceived to be a poor fit with Canada's Western-liberal democratic value system and economic interests, were excluded and denied the humanitarian welcome that was extended to Ugandan-Asian refugees.
In the wake of the implementation of the Immigration Act in 1976, refugees were no longer considered politically or economically valuable to Canada; instead, they were regarded as “problems” that require management and control. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, governing authorities were revising their technologies of power in order to address the increasing numbers of refugees and asylum seekers arriving in Canada who were considered a threat.
When these technologies have proven insufficient in addressing ‘the refugee problem', the Canadian governing authorities have sought the power to make survive. This power strives to depoliticize life by appealing to fear and vulnerability. Refugees in the re-emerging humanitarian-security nexus are treated either as dangerous and illegitimate, or as vulnerable individuals in need of care and compassion. Through its critical analysis of this nexus, this study offers a new insight into the Canadian refugee protection system and the political foundation of its governing system.


Barriers to growth in Ontario's VQA wine industry


title: Place Matters

abstract: This thesis explores past and present directions of architectural theories and designs of libraries with a focus on the study of the progression of cultural transmission methods, from oral to written and from written to digital. As recorded memory shifts from physical mediums to digital media in a virtual space the amount of physical space needed for housing the information diminishes. The tension between spatially embodied memory and digital memory raises a critical question: ‘WHAT IS THE CONTEMPORARY LIBRARY?’ We are witnessing a change in the way people share information. The impact of the current “information age” on architectural design is examined through a three part structure: first chapter will discuss Architectural Medium as the Message and the Message without the Architecture, second chapter will examine Architecture that Houses the Message as well as the Message without the Architecture, and third chapter will discuss the proposed Contemporary Library project.


title: Virtual Graffiti: Dyscribing Humans

abstract:
Numerous studies have tracked the emergence of often radically new, digital incarnations of real-world practices, establishing valuable heuristic bridges from traditional to virtual culture, and laying the groundwork for disciplinary study of such practices.
This study joins these efforts, by tracking the emergence of a new, ‘digital-borne’ analogue to traditional graffiti praxis, which it terms ‘virtual dyscription’ (encompassing the traditional praxis in a radically new form). The study develops a robust working characterization of the traditional practice, employing this
characterization to identify and delineate the corresponding digital analogue, and then characterizing the new phenomenon in a manner thorough and nuanced enough to enable rigorous disciplinary investigation.
However, the case of such digital-borne graffiti is unusually complex, owing to the fledgling nature of rigorous graffiti study, the equal importance of both praxis and product in the concept, and the absence of any accepted inter-disciplinary understanding of the very notion of graffiti.
Chapter 1 surveys scholarly sources on traditional graffiti to identify key conceptual
features of graffiti praxis in general, while assessing the value of graffiti study in diverse disciplinary contexts. Chapter 2 develops and nuances a synthetic characterization of such praxis (including problematic features), sufficiently robust and flexible to investigate homologic affinities in the radically new digital environment. Chapter 3 investigates the relevant context of this new environment, considers a number of graffiti-like candidates, and distinguishes website defacement as the most appropriate homologue to traditional graffiti in the virtual world. Chapter 4 then explores the
nature and problematic features of such virtual dyscription, generating a working taxonomy of dyscriptive praxis in general; and Chapter 5 illustrates this characterization through a preliminary encounter with the extant corpus of archival material, arguing that such dyscription stands in an interestingly parallel relation to traditional graffiti in the middle of the last century, before the explosion of interest in the so-called New York style. Chapter 6 supplements Chapter 5’s exploration of the artifacts of virtual dyscription with a series of anecdotal interviews with the dyscriptors
themselves, framed in terms of what it calls the ‘dyscriptive cycle’, which generates the bulk of such dyscription.


Evaluating observer effects in point count studies : using stereo-microphones to investigate the role of species identification errors on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) point counts and microphone arrays to estimate changes in bird behaviour in response


'Waiter!  There's a fly in my soup - or is that a cockroach?': the moral panic of dirty restaurants in the city of Toronto, Canada


The edge of painting: the Emma Lake Artists' Workshops and the politics of location


Hierarchical scheduling in grid systems


Design methodology for a lean premixed prevaporized can combustor


Under the radar: Defence Construction (1951) Limited and military infrastructure in Canada, 1950-1965


title: Springtime in n'Daki Menan, the Homeland of the Teme-Augama Anishnabai: Babies, Cradleboards and Community Wrapping

abstract: This is a study of how the tikinaagan (cradleboard) as an object related to pre-colonial Indigenous childcare can be metaphorically investigated as a model for traditional social frameworks that illustrate the central place and role of babies and young people within Anishinaabe families and communities. Through this, I approach the ornamentation and arrangement of a small cradleboard collected by Frank Speck in the early-twentieth century during his visit to the territory of n'Daki Menan in northeastern Ontario. By exploring the historical context in which this cradleboard was created, used, and collected I address the gaps in the early literature where the Indigenous voice and value placed on these objects were disregarded or overlooked. I argue that cradleboards, through their stylistic design and contextual power, have the ability to communicate traditional knowledge and values of parenting, family and community across generations to present day.


Quantitative analysis of infrared images for early breast cancer detection


Two papers in agricultural economics: Grain Mixing and Grading & Estimation of Agricultural Supply Price From Price of Trade Quotas


Video transmission over low bit-rate half-duplex wireless networks


Boundary element analysis of hydrodynamic pressure on arch dams.


Profiling of COTS real-time development environments: an analysis of the LabVIEW development environment with the real-time module


Driving point impedance measurements during piano playing


Perceptions of the self and desistance: investigating positive attributes associated with exiting crime


title: Living with Lupus in Ottawa, Ontario: An Exploration of Illness Narratives

abstract: Lupus, a chronic illness that is characterized by a series of unpredictable flare-ups, is known to affect different sufferers to varying degrees. This thesis explores the barriers and limitations that are suffered by these individuals both in the public sphere and in some private aspects of life, as well as beginning to question the limitations of Canada’s ‘universal’ health care system for the treatment and support of chronic illness sufferers. After a brief overview of illness narratives, the social aspects of the illness experience are explored. Secondly, I examine the more structural aspects of this experience by looking at the barriers to care and other support services which those with lupus endure. This thesis demonstrates that in general, lupus sufferers experience varying degrees of delegitimization of their illness experience, sometimes resulting in a delay in care or inaccessibility of necessary services.


The museum, gallery and other institutions in contemporary Canadian First Nations art


A call for context: exploring the situational and relational characteristics of heavy drinking by Canadian adults


title: "Our Way is with John Bull":  The Irony of Canadian Imperial Economic Diplomacy, 1930-1933

abstract: In response to the Great Depression and an increasingly protectionist United States, both major political parties in Canada in 1930 declared their intention to switch trade from the United States to the British Empire. A slogan carried in the Globe in the 1930 election campaign was “Let Uncle Sam Go His Own Way – Our Way is With John Bull.” This thesis examines Canadian experience in the 1930-1933 period, drawing upon international relations theoretical literature. As predicted by realist theory, far from exhibiting cooperative behaviour, the governments of both Canada and Britain attempted to maximize their own gains from a trade agreement. The 1930-1933 period thus prompted a weakening of Empire bonds.


Nanoporous and nanostructured aluminium and titanium oxide thin films


On configuration and control of the thermal plant for fuel cell micro-cogeneration


title: Small Area Estimation Under Skew-Normal Nested Error Models

abstract:
In Small Area Estimation (SAE), the usual practice is to assume that the random components follow the normal distribution. A simulation study showed that under the one-fold nested error regression model assuming normal distribution may lead to large bias and significant increase of the mean squared error (MSE) of complex parameters (nonlinear function of the mean) estimation when the unit level errors' distribution is skewed. Hence, in this thesis, the assumption of normal distribution for the random components is relaxed by considering the skew-normal (SN) class of distributions. The SN
class of distributions is very interesting because it contains the normal distribution family as a special case (when the skewness parameter is equal to zero).
For the one-fold nested error regression model with the random components following SN distribution, the empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP) and the empirical best (EB) estimators of linear parameters are provided. Under the same model, EB estimators of complex parameters are developed following the approach introduced by Molina and Rao (2010). A simpler conditional alternative method is compared to the previously
mentioned method. The semi-parametric method developed by Elbers et al. (2003) is improved by correctly assigning the area effects. A parametric bootstrap approach for the MSE estimation of the EB estimator and a semi-parametric bootstrap method for the ELL method are specified. An HB method for estimating complex parameters is also presented. The HB method uses Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and sampling importance resampling (SIR) techniques no Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is required.
For the two-fold nested error regression model with the random components following SN distribution,
the empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP) and the empirical best (EB) for linear parameters for linear parameters are discussed. The best predictor of the area and sub-area random effects is provided under the general linear mixed model setup.
For repeated cross-sectional surveys, Rao and Yu (1992, 1994) used AR(1) series to model the area-by-time effects and doing so improved the estimation of the small areas linear parameters. In this thesis an extension to the Rao-Yu model which does not required stationarity assumption is proposed.


title: Performance Based Road Asset Management System, with a case study: Abu Dhabi

abstract:
It is common for road authorities to adopt the traditional method of road maintenance contracts that include a typical arrangement of relationships between the Client, the Contractor and the Consultant. The traditional method of road maintenance contracts has been found ineffective and expensive which caused difficulties in controlling road quality, time to finish, and cost of construction.. Escalation of cost and delays in completion of maintenance projects coupled with, lack of proper training in the public sector are the main problems associated with traditional method of
contracting.
The Performance Based Contracts (PBC) has been recognized as an efficient method of contracts addressing the limitations of the traditional contracting methods. Unlike the traditional method of contracting, in PBC the contractor is generally free to make the decisions of “what to do”, “when” and “how” as long as the specified performance measures are achieved. This will lead to assign the responsibility of completing the contract with its risk of failure totally to the contractors. It has been a challenge for contractors to successfully manage the entire risk of projects
particularly with limited resources, limited understanding of PBC, lack of skillful staff, and poor management. In addition, unavailability of accurate pavement condition prediction models to understand and predict pavement performance results in a higher risk to the contractor in PBC.
This thesis identifies the main problems and challenges for successfully adopting PBC are discussed and analyzed. In order to assist contractors as well as road managers a methodological framework is developed and examined in this thesis. The developed framework necessitates the identification of many
cornerstones to effectively manage pavement conditions in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The main components of the developed framework include 1) developing a robust database of detailed knowledge of the road network, 2) developing practical models to predict the present and future conditions of the pavement, and 3) developing robust models to optimize maintenance strategies. The developed framework was applied on a case study using data from the City of Abu Dhabi.


Investigation of the uranium(Vl)-nitric acid-tributyl phosphate-supercritical carbon dioxide system


title: Pursuing Human Techniques of Progressive Justice:  The Ethical Assumptions of Early-to-Mid-Twentieth-Century English-Canadian Penal Reformers

abstract:
In all portions of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, at least a little of the commentary in Canada concerning criminal justice discussed reforms that might in some way make for a more promising genre of penal activity in the colony or country. This dissertation allows us to probe reformist commentary from the first two thirds of the twentieth century, primarily discourse between 1920 and the mid-1950s regarding imprisonment and parole-related measures pertaining to adult men. Scholarship on nineteenth- or twentieth-century reformist penal activity, or on social reform more generally,
has often identified ways in which such activity proved quite consonant with more conservative assumptions or outcomes than would sit well with present-day progressive readers. My dissertation, by contrast, numbers among the studies which associate penal reformers’ outlook primarily with liberal or progressive perspectives.  In this particular study, the liberal tenor of their mentality will register in our minds through an assessment of the ethical assumptions that reformers displayed, especially their assumptions concerning condemnation, exclusion, coercion, and compassion. Reformers’
speeches, publications, and so forth allow us to highlight four “moral sources” due to which they thought their penal perspective qualified as compelling: Christianity, the notion of humanness, the meritoriousness of technique, and the idea of justice. Their commentary assigned priority to technique-related rhetoric, to statements that associated penal activity, including rehabilitative tactics, with instrumentalist plans through which “the protection” with which the citizenry was enamoured would materialize. Yet even though reformers’ arguments savoured primarily of instrumentalist
assumptions, neither justice nor compassion was wholly neglected in their discourse. In fact, reformers hit upon a defensible affirmation of quasi-compassionate ideas thanks to instrumentalist rhetoric itself.


An investigation into low-cost manufacturing of carbon epoxy composities and a novel "mouldless" technique using the vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) method


The design and evaluation of a common bus memory access processor.


Classifying serial sexual homicide: validating Keppel and Walter's (1999) model


title: Numerical Study of Coherent Structures of Turbulence with Large Wall-Normal Gradients in Thermophysical Properties

abstract:
Forced-convection heat transfer in a heated working fluid at a thermodynamic state near its pseudocritical point is poorly predicted by correlations calibrated with data at subcritical conditions. This is primarily due to the influence of large wall-normal thermophysical property gradients that develop in proximity of the pseudocritical point on the concentration of coherent turbulence structures near the wall. The physical mechanisms dominating this influence remain poorly understood. In the present study, direct numerical simulation is used to study the development of turbulence structures
within a turbulent spot, which is a more controlled turbulence environment than a fully-turbulent boundary layer, with large wall-normal property gradients. It is found that during improved heat transfer, wall-normal density gradients accelerate the growth of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the shear layer enveloping low-speed streaks through baroclinic vorticity generation. This causes hairpin vortices to form at a faster rate and to mutually interact more frequently.


title: Group 11 Precursors for Atomic Layer Deposition: Design and Synthesis of Advanced Precursors Enabled by Investigations in Thermolysis

abstract: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of copper seed layers for electrochemical deposition of copper will likely be a step in fabricating future copper interconnects of microelectronic devices. Development of precursors for copper ALD is necessary in order to enable the deposition of suitable seed layers with acceptable properties. Copper(I) amidinate compounds are leading precursor candidates for use in industry. Modifications to their chemical structure was undertaken to improve precursor properties. Copper(I) guanidinates were synthesized and used as single source precursors for copper metal films at 225 °C. Their decomposition mechanism was investigated through solution thermolysis experiments and by unravelling gas phase fragmentation pathways. Evidence for CDI deinsertion occurring in solution was observed by NMR experiments while β-hydrogen elimination was determined as the gas phase pathway by ToF-MS and MI-FTIR experiments. Both pathways were rationalized by DFT calculations. Copper(I) iminopyrrolidinate compounds were specifically designed to block CDI deinsertion and β-hydrogen elimination. As a result, copper(I) tert-butyl-imino-2,2-dimethylpyrrolidinate demonstrated superior thermal stability and adsorbed from the gas phase onto high surface SiO2 at 275 °C with simultaneous loss of its tert-butyl group. Analogous silver(I) and gold(I) compounds were demonstrated to be robust precursors for chemical vapour deposition of metal films at deposition temperatures of 140 °C and 300 °C, respectively. The lack of available monomeric copper(I) amidinate, guanidinate, and iminopyrrolidinate compounds prompted synthetic work to employ N-heterocyclic carbenes and acyclic diamino carbenes as Lewis bases in copper precursors. A large series of monomeric copper(I) hexamethyldisilazide compounds were studied and characterized extensively by thermal gravimetric analysis. Imidazolylidenes were unsuitable for use in copper precursors due to thermal instability. Imidazolinylidenes and formamidinylidenes fashioned several promising precursors demonstrating excellent thermal stability and good volatility. The leading candidate, 1,3-diisopropyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene copper hexamethyldisilazide, had a 1 Torr vapour pressure at 149 °C and could be heated at 130 °C for two weeks without decomposition. Copper metal films were deposited by plasma enhanced ALD at 225°C on SiO2.


title: An Energy Aware Green Spine Switch Management System in  Spine-Leaf Datacenter Networks

abstract:
A significant proportion of the operational cost for datacenters is attributed to their energy consumption. Using virtualization techniques in datacenters is enabling the control of electricity use in servers. However, as servers are becoming more energy-proportional, datacenter networks are starting to consume a greater portion of the overall power although networks devices often remain under-utilized. This thesis proposes an energy aware resource management technique for reducing the consumption of energy by the network for a Spine-Leaf topology-based datacenter. The main idea of the system
is to keep track of the dynamic workload and enable only switches that are necessary for handling the current network traffic. We have developed an energy aware resource management system for dynamically controlling the number of Spine switches in Spine-Leaf datacenter networks and performed simulation using CloudSim for a number of scenarios.


title: Integration of Neonatal Mortality Prediction Models into a Clinical Decision Support System

abstract:
This thesis describes the development of neonatal mortality risk estimation models using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), the integration of these models into the Physician-Parent Decision Support (PPADS) tool, and the pilot study to test the PPADS tool.
A set of data mining programs were created to automate the data preparation, the development of ANN models and the selection of models that satisfy the usefulness criteria specified by our clinician partners. These programs were used to classify neonatal mortality data (6% mortality rate) with the average sensitivity and specificity of
81% and 98% respectively.
The mortality models were integrated with the PPADS tool to provide predictions about the risk of mortality for neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).
The observational and survey study conducted with parents whose infant did not graduate (died) from the NICU gave encouraging results regarding the usefulness of the PPADS tool.


title: Empirical evidence for the continuity of semelparity and iteroparity

abstract:
Abstract
Semelparity—the life history featuring a single, massive bout of reproduction followed by death—has been traditionally considered as a discrete trait, and mathematical models that compare the intrinsic rates of increase between annual semelparity and perennial iteroparity are often used to explain why organisms have semelparous or iteroparous reproductive strategies. However, some authors have proposed that semelparity and iteroparity may represent different extremes along a continuum of possible modes of parity, rather than discrete alternatives.
In this thesis, I provide
experimental evidence for this “continuum” hypothesis by assessing the degree of variation in the simultaneity and uniformity of semelparous reproduction in the herbaceous monocarp Lobelia inflata (Campanulaceae). I report four points of interest: (1) that reproductive characters can strategically vary among offspring within a semelparous reproductive episode; (2) that phenotypically plastic responses to constrained reproduction cause variation in the “semelparousness” of a semelparous reproductive episode; (3) that L. inflata is capable of deferring reproductive effort to another season, and
that this deferral is also phenotypically plastic; and (4) that the degree of genetic variation in a field population of L. inflata suggests non-random survival of ecotypes related to differences in parity. I conclude that the continuum hypothesis more accurately characterizes life history variation among semelparous organisms.


title: At Play in the Archive: Reading Sophie Calle's Double Game as Autofictional Remains

abstract:
In 1992 author Paul Auster borrowed eight projects from French artist Sophie Calle for Maria, a fictional character in his novel Leviathan; Auster also included two projects of his own invention. Calle, in return, enacted and documented these projects created by Auster and included them, along with her initial projects, in her book Double Game. Double Game begins with these words: “Intrigued by this double, I decided to turn Auster’s novel into a game and to make my own particular mix of reality and fiction.”1
Calle’s autofictional projects seemingly describe events in her life: a job as
a chambermaid, a job as a striptease artist, a day spent being followed by a detective. Calle’s use of autofiction, a self-conscious play between autobiography and the novel, emphasizes the impossibility of a coherent and unified subject. I argue that Calle’s book plays with structures and forms usually associated with truth telling (autobiography, archives, photography, the report, the diary) by constructing evidence that relies on these structures for legitimacy, only to expose gaps, inconsistencies, and fictions as a space for play and critique.
The French version of Double Game, a
series of seven separate books, has the title Doubles-jeux. Jeu in French is understood to mean both game and play, while also a homonym for ‘I’ [je]. Doubles-jeux is a double-cross—to deceive and betray, in the sense of a red herring. Thus the title, Double Game, already speaks to Calle’s autofictional accounts in which the narrating “I” is always unreliable and the events described always undecideable.
My dissertation focuses on the contingency of Calle’s documents by highlighting the spaces between what is said to have happened, what we are shown, and what may have taken place.
Aligning Calle’s work with performance, and recent discussions about performance documentation, enables a more focused interrogation of the relationship between the event and its representation. My dissertation argues that as a collection of autofictional traces, Double Game performs the autofictional subject at play in the archive.
1. Sophie Calle with the participation of Paul Auster, Double Game (Paris: Violette Editions, 1999), 1.


title: Position Estimation of Mobile Robots Using Omni-Directional Cameras

abstract:
In this work, a design of a perception approach for indoor service mobile robots is considered. Unlike outdoor environments, in which Global Positioning System (GPS) can be utilized, indoor environments usually include small workspaces with complex details. Thus, a significantly higher localization precision is required. Readily available sensing techniques that meet those requirements utilize sensors such as transceivers and vision systems. These perception approaches depend on the workspace type. In the proposed approach, a stereo vision system has been used. Such an approach captures the
environment features to produce a 2D/3D map. However, due to the mobility of indoor robots, the problem of losing environment features arises, e.g., they might encounter scenes with non-detectable features. In order to solve the difficulty of obtaining a highly precise map in a highly compact environment, a stereo panoramic vision perception model was developed to integrate the data from two omni-directional vision sensors.


title: Partial Enclosure Range Searching

abstract:
This thesis examines a new type of range searching problem which we have called Partial Enclosure Range Searching. In this problem, given a set of geometric objects and a query region, our goal is to identify those objects where the size of their intersection with a query region is at least a fixed proportion of their original size.
We consider several variations of this problem with different types of geometric objects and query regions. When querying line segments, this thesis presents methods for transforming the problem into one which can be solved using standard range searching
techniques. When querying convex or monotone polygons, this thesis presents methods for calculating the area of the intersection between the polygon and a query rectangle, which can have uses outside of determining the partial enclosure property.


title: Tuning of the Relative Phases of a Rotary Travelling Wave Oscillator

abstract:
This work describes the implementation of a simple phase detector and an algorithm to adjust variable Transmission Line (TL) capacitance to tune the phases of an RTWO. Symmetrical XOR (SXOR) phase detectors were designed, fabricated in SiGe BiCMOS and tested to resolve one degree of phase error over 35 to 55 degrees and 80 to 100 degrees up to 12 GHz. These phase detectors were used to measure and calibrate the phase of nominal 45 degree transmission line sections of an 18-GHz RTWO fabricated in SiGe BiCMOS . This phase tuning was carried out by a phase alignment algorithm that can be
implemented easily in Verilog. This RTWO phase tuning system was shown to function correctly in simulation. Although the fabricated version did not converge correctly, the algorithm was able to adjust the phase of RTWO TL sections. The circuit problem preventing convergence is understood and can be corrected.


title: Child Abuse, Its Aftermath, and Criminal Recidivism in a Mixed Gender Sample of Adolescent Offenders

abstract:
The current study examines if childhood abuse increases the likelihood of criminal recidivism through four potential mediators—deviant peers, substance abuse, running away from home, and internalizing behaviours (i.e., anxiety, depression), and determine if these relationships vary across gender. To test these relationships, a prospective research design was used with 332 justice-involved youth (113 females, 219 males; ages 12-21). Official provincial recidivism data was obtained and the average follow up time was 30.43 months (SD = 4.96). Overall, substance abuse and deviant peers
significantly and positively mediated the relationship between childhood abuse and criminal recidivism for males only. Internalizing behaviours and running away from home, however, were not found to mediate the relationship between child abuse and criminal recidivism for either gender. Limitations include reliance on a simplistic measure of childhood abuse. Results suggest that an integrated approach of combining gender-neutral and gender-specific theories of criminal behaviour is warranted.


title: Development and application of a landscape-based lake typology for the Muskoka River Watershed, Ontario, Canada

abstract:
Lake management typologies have been used successfully in many parts of Europe, but their use in Canada has been limited. In this study, a lake typology was developed for 650 lakes within the Muskoka River Watershed (MRW), Ontario, Canada, to quantify freshwater, terrestrial, and human landscape influences on water quality (Ca, pH, TP and DOC). Five distinct lake types were identified, using a hierarchical system based on three broad physiographic regions within the MRW, and lake and catchment morphometrics derived through digital terrain analysis. The three regions exhibited significantly
different DOC concentrations (F=15.85; p<0.001), whereas the lake types had significantly different TP concentrations (F=12.88, p<0.001). Type-specific reference conditions were used to identify lakes affected by human activities that may be in need of restoration due to high TP concentrations. Overall, this thesis demonstrates the applicability of new and emerging landscape modelling tools for lake classification and management in Ontario, Canada.


title: Preprocessing Realistic Video for Contactless Heart rate Monitoring Using Video Amplification Methodologies

abstract:
In this research, we improved the outcomes of Eulerian Video Magnification in real life scenarios. The proposed system minimizes or eliminates the motion constrained effect. The system will preprocess the video through multi staged tasks using subject targeting and stabilizing. The resulted prepared video will be compatible with Eulerian method bounds. Our method will enable the magnification to be used in variety of applications with presence of motion.  Therefore, video analysis for subjects’ skin redness that was captured by a normal camera is easy to use, mobile and less complex.The core
element of the research which is stabilization was achieved by using face tracking and features detection, extraction and matching with skin selection.
Furthermore, the skin tone and illumination in the environment are affecting the results. Since skin redness change is related to blood flow, then controlling the skin redness will enhance the readable information under video magnification.