title: The Effect of Temporal Spacing on the Development of Autoshaped Key Pecking in the Pigeon

contributor:
Jenkins, H.M.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
The central question of this thesis is how the temporal distribution of stimulus-reinforcer pairings affects an animal's tendency to regard the stimulus as a signal. The effect of trial (stimulus-reinforcer) spacing was studied in a situation where a brief key light is paired with food presentation in the absence of any response contingency (autoshaping). As the intertrial interval (ITI) decreases in duration from 290 to 20 seconds, the number of trials required to initiate pecking in naive, hungry pigeons reliably increases.

Several theoretical accounts argue that acquisition is slower with short ITI's because each trial is subject to interference from the events immediately preceding or following that trial. The possibility of such local interference was examined by placing stimuli or reinforcers directly before or after each of a series of widely spaced trials. Although acquisition was reduced, it was not reduced to the level obtained when all trials were closely spaced. Further, the proximity of the added stimuli or reinforcers to the trial was found to have no effect on acquisition. These results indicate that the spacing effect cannot be entirely explained by interference from stimuli or reinforcers in close temporal proximity to trials.

Since the immediate context of trial presentation is inadequate to explain the entire spacing effect, subsequent analysis focused on the overall pattern of trial spacing. The separation of trials by long, event-free intervals or waiting periods, seems to be essential to rapid peck acquisition. On logical and theoretical grounds, three characteristics of waiting periods are expected to be important to effective waiting periods: (1) the number of waits and their position in relation to trials, (2) the boundary events which define waits, and (3) the stimulus context in which waits occur. Experimental manipulations of the number and position of waits showed that peck acquisition was equally rapid whether trials were clustered in closely spaced blocks or uniformly distributed across a long experimental session; however, a single long wait was not sufficient to produce rapid peck acquisition in a subsequent series of closely spaced trials. The boundary events which define effective waits were explored in an experiment where only one trial occurred in each autoshaping session. Peck acquisition was rapid when the single trial occurred in the middle of a long series of widely spaced reinforcer presentations, but slow when the trial occurred in the middle of closely spaced reinforcer presentations. Finally, the importance of stimulus context was experimentally tested by arranging for the presence or absence of long waits in the stimulus situation which constituted the background for trial presentation. Pecking to the key light developed rapidly only in animals which experienced long waits in the stimulus situation present during autoshaping trials.

The preceding results indicate that the development of a signalling stimulus is affected to a considerable extent by the conditions of waiting periods. Rapid peck acquisition requires an alternation between trials or reinforcer presentations and waiting periods in the stimulus situation. Although other accounts are not excluded, the present results are consistent with theoretical interpretations which argue that the spacing effect results from differential opportunity for the extinction of competing associations. Long intertrial or inter-reinforcer intervals allow considerable time for the extinction of stimulus - or response-reinforcer associations which would interfere with the development of pecking to the key-light stimulus. In contrast, short intertrial or inter-reinforcer intervals minimize the time available for extinction of competing associations, and consequently, response acquisition is slow. Alternatively, the present results may be explained by a theoretical account which holds that the development of a signalling stimulus is directly related to the duration of reinforcer-reinforcer intervals.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Challenges, Changes and Constraint: Transforming the Response ofthe Canadian State to Wife/Woman Abuse.

contributor:
Storey, Robert
Sociology

subject:
woman abuse
challenges
response
wife
Family, Life Course, and Society
Gender and Sexuality
Inequality and Stratification
Sociology
Family, Life Course, and Society

abstract:
This work explores the process of social change through an examination of the interaction between the Canadian state and the women's movement at the macro, mezzo and micro level concerning the issue of woman abuse. Using an expanding case study, an analysis of a small family service agency, a medium size Canadian city and the parliamentary and public hearing process are combined to examine how feminist challenges at various levels have interacted to transform the response of the state to woman abuse.

In addition, this work examines the effectiveness of various feminist approaches to creating change. I challenge the dichotomy between mainstreaming and disengagement (Adamson et al ,1988) arguing that when it comes to effective action it is not a question of 'either/or' but rather 'which one, when'. The conclusion of the work is that challenge is required from many locations, in many different forms if change is to occur.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Analytical Estimation of the Effective Discharge of Small Urban Streams

contributor:
Guo, Yiping
Civil Engineering

subject:
discharge
urban streams
effective
eng
civil
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering
Civil and Environmental Engineering

abstract:
Regardless of the design approach, the success or failure of stream restoration projects, especially in small urban streams is dependent on the accurate estimation of the channel-forming discharge. Among the different types of channel-forming discharges, effective discharge (Qe) is the only one that incorporates sediment transport mechanics in its estimation process. This thesis primarily focuses on Qe' paying special attention to the different Qe estimation techniques and the different parameters involved in the quantification of Qe.

Of the two existing methods of determining Qe' the analytical approach is dependent on the goodness of fit between the frequency distribution pattern of the flow series and the assumed probability distribution function (pdf) and also the sediment rating curve. Frequency distribution pattern of daily streamflow data are conventionally approximated by lognormal pdfs. However, the flow characteristics of urban streams often have a definite percentage of zero flows throughout the year resulting in a low mean and high variance. That is why the conventional lognormal pdf often results in a poor fit which affects the analytical estimation of discharge such as Qe and half discharge (Q1/2) from the pdf. Therefore, mixed exponential and gamma distributions were introduced as a part of this research which improved the overall fit and provided a more accurate way of determining Qe and QI/2.

Qe is dependent on a large number of variables (hydrological and sedimentological). Global sensitivity analysis of Qe using results from continuous hydrological modeling revealed that this channel-forming discharge is highly sensitive primarily to the sediment and then to the hydrological characteristics. The results also revealed that only when the exponent of the sediment rating curve is within a certain range can Q e and discharges corresponding to different recurrence intervals (Q t) be used analogously.

The detennination technique of discharge indices such as Qe and Q1I2 are data and analysis intensive. As a result, in the case of degraded streams with little or no streamflow data their applicability becomes restricted. As a part of this research, the analytical probabilistic approach was applied to eradicate the problem associated with lack of data. But before developing the analytical probabilistic approach for the estimation of Qe and Ql/2 ' the existing probabilistic method of detennining peak discharge was applied in a practical design problem. Encouraged by the results, the analytical probabilistic approach was applied for detennining the probability of exceedence of streamflows. The advantage of the derived analytical probabilistic flow duration relationship is that it allows the construction of flow duration curves directly from watershed hydrological and climatological data, which are readily available as compared to streamflow data at daily or even smaller time steps, especially for small urban streams. The derived analytical probabilistic flow duration relationship sets up the foundation for detennining different discharge indices.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Ch'an Enlightenment for Layman: Ta-Hui and the New Religious Culture of the Sung

subject: religion ch'an ta-hui Religion Religion

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: "Hate-Man Timon": A Study of Misanthropy in Shakespaare's Flays

contributor:
Jackson, Berners w.
English

subject:
shakespeare
misanthropy
study
Appalachian Studies
English Language and Literature
Appalachian Studies

abstract:
In recent years it has been generally accepted that the difficulties in the text of Shakespeare's primarily from the fact that for some reason or other Shakespeare left the play unfinished. Although critics have advanced several theories, some biographical and some dramatic, to explain why Shakespeare might have abandoned the play, none of these explanations sufficiently considers the formidable problems surrounding the dramatic presentation of misanthropy. Because the unqualified hate is an emotion which most human beings find repugnant. it is difficult to present a genuine misanthrope as a sympathetic character. For this reason the most successful dramatic of misanthropy, such as Moliere's forester or Menander's, have aimed the audience the chance to ridicule the misanthrop's even while it sympathizes Nith some of his condemnations of humanity. This tendency was particularly intense in the early seventeenth century, when the story of Timon, the arch-misanthrope, was commonly used as a cautionary example of degenerate behaviour. Shakespeare• s problems would have been further increased by the fact that misanthropy finds expression chiefly through words rather than through deeds, and thus does not easily lend itself to a theatrical presentation. Because the misanthrope normally reveals his hatred of mankind in long tirades; and because his condition is not subject to change or development, there is always the danger that a play containing such a character will degenerate into a static series of abusive debates. This danger is especially prevalent then, as in the case of Shakespeare's Timon, the misanthrope becomes the central figure.

This thesis examines Shakespeare's depiction of misanthropy in the light of Elizabethan attitudes and practical stage considerations. In the first two chapters, I study sixteenth and early seventeenth century treatments of misanthropy and the Timon story in an effort to discover what preconceived ideas an Elizabethan audience might have brought to Shakespeare's play. I have discovered that a significant number of didactic writers vigorously condemned misanthropy, either as a beastly vice born of envy, or as a symptom of insanity. So intent were they on centering Timon's behaviour, that they frequently altered Plutarch's account of the Timon story to depict the arch-misanthrope as an active seeker after man's destruction. By contrast, the period's literary works tended to depict the misanthrope as a figure of fun, either by exposing him to direct ridicule, or by associating him physically or metaphorically with the figure of the Renaissance Fool. The third chapter introduces two non-Shakespearean stage misanthropes, Bohan from Greene's James IV, and the protagonist of the anonymous Timon Play, and examines the difficulties surrounding their presentation. In the fourth chapter I discuss Shakespeare's use of misanthropy as a character trait in several figures who are not themselves misanthropes. Chapter five and six deal with two Shakespearean comic misanthropes, Jaques from As You Like It and Thersites from Troilus and Cressida, and examine the ways in which Shakespeare has surmounted the theatrical problems outlined earlier. Finally, I offer a detailed study of Timon of Athens, to show how Shakespeare attempts to build up sympathy for Timon in the first three: acts through this behaviour of the Athenians, the comments of Flavius and Apemantus, and the Alcibiades subplot; and then counts on this buildup of sympathy to carry through to the end of the play. I conclude, however, that for all its subtlety cf construction, Timon of Athens fails as a tragedy, primarily because of the intransigence of its subject matter. I believe that my approach should prove useful to a more detailed understanding of the play's dramatic structure.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Aradhakamurtil/Adhisthayakamurti: Popular Piety, Politics, and the Medieval Jain Temple Portrait

contributor:
Granoff, Phyllis E.
Religious Studies

subject:
Piety
politics
jain temple
Religion

abstract:
Many aspects of medieval Western Indian temple art have been subject to scholarly attention. One type of temple-image which has been identified, but heretofore unstudied, is the stone portrait. I have gathered evidence of more than 200 images of historical lay people and ascetics, extant and/or from about 60 inscriptions. Some of the images are Hindu, but most are Jain.

In this thesis, I undertake the first comprehensive study of the 'Western Indian portrait', emphasizing Jain examples. My approaches to the portraits are straightforward. First, I divide my study into analyses of images portraying the laity, and images portraying monks. Second, I consider 1) the religiosity and 2) the historical contexts behind certain lay and monastic portraits.

The evidence of Jain monks' portraits is most significant. Notably, one-third of monks' portraits were donated by other monks. On the one hand, evidence indicates that certain monks donated portraits of their brethren to generate good karma for the portrait-subjects, in order to secure heavenly rebirth for those subjects. On the other hand, evidence indicates that certain portraits donated by monks represent the alleged divinity of the portrait-subjects, asserted in order to foster a cult of the dead for material and political gain (over monks from rival lineages).

Thus, my research has uncovered some unexpected facets of Jain monasticism. It is commonly believed that Jainism is unswervingly dedicated to world-renunciation and the most severe austerities for the attainment of liberation from the cycle of rebirth. My research is significant in that it reveals a much different picture, one in which some monks shared the laity's concern for the acquisition of good karma in order to attain the felicity of heaven, and one in which certain monks involved themselves in very worldly political affairs.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Injectable, Magnetic Plum Pudding Hydrogel Composites for Controlled Pulsatile Drug Release

contributor:
Hoare, Todd
Chemical Engineering

subject: Controlled Release

subject: Pulsatile Release

subject: Hydrogels

subject: Microgels

subject: Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

subject: Magnetic

subject: Biomaterials

subject: Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering

subject: Other Chemical Engineering

subject: Polymer Science

subject: Biomaterials

abstract: Injectable, in-situ gelling magnetic plum pudding hydrogel composites were fabricated by entrapping superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and thermosensitive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)-co–N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAM) microgels in a pNIPAM-hydrazide/carbohydrate-aldehyde hydrogel matrix. The resulting composites exhibited significant, repeatable pulsatile release of 4 kDa FITC-dextran upon exposure to an alternating magnetic field. The pulsatile release from the composites could be controlled by altering the volume phase transition temperatures of the microgel particles (with VPTTs over 37°C corresponding to improved pulsatile release) and changing the microgel content of the composite (with higher microgel content corresponding to higher pulsatile release). By changing the ratio of dextran-aldehyde (which deswells at physiological temperature) to CMC-aldehyde (which swells at physiological temperature) in the composites, bulk hydrogel swelling and thus pulsatile release could be controlled; specifically, lower CMC-aldehyde contents resulted in little to no composite swelling, improving pulsatile release. In vitro cytotoxicity testing demonstrated that the composite precursors exhibit little to no cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 2000 µg/mL. Together, these results suggest that this injectable hydrogel-microgel composite hydrogel may be a viable vehicle for in vivo, pulsatile drug delivery.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Pioneer, Oldtimer, Newcomer: Place and the Construction of Collectivity Identity Labes Among Northern Vancouver Island Women

contributor:
Counts, David
Anthropology

subject:
Northern Vancouver Island
Lables
Identity
Anthropology
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Social and Cultural Anthropology
Anthropology

abstract: This thesis examines the process by which three generations of women living on Northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia construct the collective identity labels north island woman, pioneer, oldtimer and newcomer. The label north island woman is a composite of pioneer, oldtimer and newcomer labels. The meanings which north island women attached to these labels in their life stories reveal core attributes that constitute self and group identity. A sense of place and connection with in-migrating groups of women are central elements in the construction of self and group identity by these women. This thesis draws attention to the importance of viewing collective identity labels as a significant cultural element in understanding how women construct self and group identity.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Bhakti in Advaita Vedanta: A Translation and Study of Madhusadana Sarasvatt's Bhaktirasayana

contributor:
Arapura, J. G.
Religious Studies

subject:
Bhakti
Madhusudana
Sarasvati's
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature

abstract: Madhusudana Sarasvati (16th century), one of the greatest and most vigorous exponents of post-Samkara Advaita, was simultaneously, and somewhat paradoxically, a great devotee of Krsna. He authored several works in which he sought to give bhakti a more prominent place within Advaita, a system traditionally regarded as hostile to devotional spirituality. The Bhaktirasayana (BR), the most important of these, is an independent composition which attempts a theoretical integration of non-dualist metaphysics and the ecstatic devotionalism of the Bhagavata Purana. The work's main thesis, borrowed from the Vaisnava devotionalists, is that bhakti is highest goal of life (paramapurusartha). To establish this in the face of the orthodox Advaita doctrine that liberation alone is the highest aim, Madhusudana argues (1) that bhakti is God (bhagavat) appearing in the melted mind of the devotee, (2) that, since bhagavat is supreme bliss, so is bhakti, and (3) that bhakti includes knowledge of the atman and is a more blissful experience than moksa. While the argument for the experiential superiority of bhakti in the state of j ivanmukti ("liberation in life") is plausible, Madhusudana does not show, in Advaitic terms, how it can be experienced eternally after death. Moreover, he fails to establish that bhagavat is ontologically equal to Brahman, which makes it difficult to see how bhakti, as identified with bhagavat, can be ontologically superior, or even equal, to moksa. In short, he does not present a convincing argument for bhakti 's being the paramapurusartha. In later works such as the Gud a rthad ipika and Advaitassiddhi, Madhusudana abandons the idea that bhakti is an independent spiritual path and itself the paramapurus a rtha. The commonly accepted view that he was a champion of the cause of bhakti who successfully integrated devotion and Advaita cannot therefore be accepted without serious qualification.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: "Hey, Look Me Over": (Re)Visioning and (Re)Producing Contemporary Masculinities

contributor:
Coleman, Daniel
English

subject:
English
Contemporary
Masculinities
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature

abstract:
The situation of male subjectivity in North America has become problematic and this is reflected in current popular culture The ways of looking at men have changed, and with them, the ways of becoming and being a man. Since its appearance, the cover of the June 1978 edition of Hustler magazine, which depicts a woman in a meat grinder up to her torso, has been regarded by many as the worst example of the patriarchal view of women, both literally and metaphorically It is a sign of our times, then, that this image was echoed in a recent Toronto Star montage of a man being melted in a pot of wax up to his torso (15 June 2000, J1). These visceral images frame a period of significant debate and political negotiation over gender roles and the second calls our attention to major shifts in how masculinity is seen The image of masculine diminishment makes us ask-since masculinity may be in decline, but the actual numbers of men are not-how men learn how to be men.

The diminishment of masculinity has not come without significant costs. Pulitzer Prizewinner Susan Faludi's books, Backlash: The Undeclared War against American Women (1991) and Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man (1999) attempt to detail these costs In her research, Faludi finds that in an age in which corporations are constantly downsizing and outsourcing in order to increase profits, men can no longer look to these traditionally patriarchal institutions for paternal acceptance and confirmation of masculine success The image of the boss or company as a fatherly provider has been replaced by the pink slip. Indeed, "there is no passage to manhood in such a world" (Stiffed 39). Yet, men are told that they are the masters of their world-by the men's movement, by advertisers, by the media. It is important, then, to produce increasingly sophisticated work that elucidates recent shifts in male subjectivities, through a discourse that is conversant with feminist theory since the ultimate goal is the same the elimination of the patriarchal enforcement of rigidly defined gender roles. Without such work, the backlash against women and the betrayal of men that Faludi documents will be perpetuated and a void between males and females will continue to widen Moreover, victimized or oppressed persons will be trapped between competing discourses.

Given the shifting ways in which men are represented in popular media, my dissertation will examine three general areas: 1) how shifts in the location of masculine endeavours are conveyed by shifts in media genres, 2) how the roles of spectators or participants in certain new media actually reshape gender roles and relationships, and 3) how exclusions of men from certain roles in popular media circumscribes potential points of coalition between pro feminist activism and masculinity studies. In the first area, I examine the lone hero fighting an oppressive state system, a type Paul Smith finds in 1970s westerns (Clint Eastwood, 1993) and William Warner finds in 1980s action films (Rambo, 1992). As an example, this figure now fights a corporate power, or even his boss, in professional wrestling storylines. Similarly, the father-son narrative that Susan Jeffords traces in action films from the 1980s (The Remasculinization of America, 1989) and which she claims had disappeared by the early 1990s (Hard Bodies, 1994), has in fact been taken up by the sports film genre, but now it is the father-figure rather than the son who is searching for redemption. The second section considers shifts in masculine identification such as the cross-gender identification Carol Clover suggests is possible in horror films (Men, Women, & Chainsaws, 1992). This can now occur for players of virtual reality video games typified by Tomb Raider and Dino Crisis. These feature female protagonists in traditionally male roles. Female wrestlers such as Chyna and the recent film, Girl Fight, provide similar opportunities for cross-gender identification in the earlier cited genres. As well, Laura Mulvey's critique of the "male gaze," a critical commonplace for over twenty years, cannot account for the viewing of these productions ("Visual Pleasure," 1978). In the words of Robert Connell, these media once portrayed "competition and hierarchy among men, exclusion or domination of woman [producing] social relations of gender both realized and symbolized in bodily performances" (Masculinities, 1995 54). Now men's bodies are objects of the gaze and of domination, nurturing supersedes violence, and instead of excluding women, men are encouraged to identify with them. The final area considers one of Faludi's conclusions, that being a man is less about dominating than about not being dominated, in terms of the media treatment of men who have been victimized. The TV movies depicting former NHL.player, Sheldon Kennedy, who was abused by his coach, provide excellent examples of how men are silenced by a society that refuses to accept that men can be victims. This chapter is a fitting end to the work since it combines previous discussions of body image, gender stability, and gender performance in a pressing area of commonality between feminism and masculinity while providing a discursive link between the two.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Ideal of Imperial Citizenship 1895-1919

contributor:
Rempel, Richard
History

subject: History History

abstract:
As all early twentieth century British schoolchildren knew, Great Britain presided over an Empire upon which the sun never set. Yet the Empire itself was not a unified state, the solid red on imperial maps belying the dizzying array of political identities which existed under the Union Jack. Some Britons believed this diversity spoke to the legitimacy of the nation's imperial rule, and saw Empire as a vehicle of peace and progress. Others feared the loss of an Anglo-European cultural identity, and sought to reassert British values at the expense of indigenous local identities. Adherents of each view saw in the idea and institution of citizenship the maens through which to pursue their goals.

This dissertation examines efforts amongst British conservatives in the early twentieth century to develop a concept of imperial citizenship which would both unite the Crown's multitudinous subjects and cement Britain's political power on the world stage. Through a discussion of the ideas and careers of five select imperialists- Lionel Curtis, John Buchan, Richard Jebb, Arnold White, and Thomas Sedgwick- it is demonstrated that ideas of imperial citizenship were contested between conservatives who developed a gradually inclusive view of Empire and those who held to a more inclusive, Anglo-centric understanding of Empire. Specific attention is given to the issue of intra-imperial immigration as an arena where the debate concerning imperial citizenship was starkly and decisively apparent. The difficulties encountered by British conservatives in articulating a cohesive concept of imperial citizenship, the dissertation concludes, resulted from two main factors: their failure to effectively incorporate colonial nationalism into their prescriptions, and their inability to create practical means by which a truly pan-imperial citizenship could flourish.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Darwinism in Canadian Literature

contributor:
Ballstadt, Carl
English

subject:
English
Darwinism
Literature
Canadian
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Other Psychology
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
The four decades which followed the publication of Charles Darwin•s The Origin of Species in 1859 saw the concept of evolution spread throughout the sciences. and indeed into virtually every field of intellectual inquiry. In literature, evolutionary concepts gave rise, broadly speaking, to two kinds of writing: discursive and associative. The actual debate which erupted upon publication of Darwin•s theory of natural selection quickly gave rise to a large body of discursive literature in which the ramifications of evolutionary theory were examined. Undoubtedly this discursive prose influenced scientists and non-scientific readers alike, and helped to make Darwinian concepts a part of our culture. This thesis provides evidence that Canadian writers took part in the debate on evolution, producing a body of discursive prose, and it also shows that Canadian imaginative literature has been affected by that debate in significant ways.

Four of the eight writers dealt with in this thesis wrote non-fictional prose. Daniel Wilson (1816-1892; ethnologist and literary critic) and William Dawson (18201899); geologist and paleontologist) are authors of critiques of Darwinism in which their individual scientific interests play important roles. Goldwin Smith {1823-1910; historian and journalist) and William LeSueur (1840-1917; social critic) direct their rationalistic arguments at the social implications of science.

Imaginative literature in which evolution shows important influence appeared in Canada with the Confederation poets. Poetry by three of them --Charles G. D. Roberts (1861-1945}, Archibald Lampman {1861-1899) and Wilfred Campbell {1858-1918)· --is discussed in the thesis. In their poetry there is certainly an effort to define man in the light of the new scientific knowledge, and also a marked tendency to see the idealistic possibilities inherent in evolution. On the other hand, the fiction of Charles G. D. Roberts focuses on the realistic aspects of Darwinism.

The culminating figure in this thesis is E. J. Pratt. The influence of the earlier literature of evolution is evident in Pratt's poetry. His scientific orientation which appears in his fascination with mechanism in nature and man, and in his use of scientific terms and imagery --strongly suggests the influence of the debate on evolution, and of wilderness literature such as Roberts' fiction.

In terms of the structure of the thesis, the seven chapter divisions set off individual studies which depend for the most part on primary sources, and which are held together by a common theme. The chapters are further related by the evidence they provide for the existence of an imaginative continuum, according to which "writers are conditioned in their attitudes by their predecessors, or by the cultural climate of their predecessors, whether 1 there is conscious influence or not".

The specifically Canadian dimension observed in the literature of evolution analyzed here derives from that activity of the· imagination which seeks to create a unified vision of reality. The associative literature in particular presents a world in which the specific physical environment merges with the intellectual framework in which the debate on evolution was conducted. Thus, although there is nothing specifically Canadian about evolutionary theory, evolutionary concepts have become important to Canadian literature.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: "Perfection in a Finite Task": Theme and Form in Representative Poems of Richard Wilbur

contributor:
Aziz, Maqbool
English

subject:
representative poems
Richard Wilbur
English
Poetry
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
While there has been much helpful commentary on Richard Wilbur's work, inadequate attention has been given to the individual words and phrases which are vital to the entirety of each poem. Critics tend either to propose very specific but limited views of Wilbur's intentions and techniques or to give somewhat sketchy analyses of the individual poems. In this thesis, I have attempted to deal with the bulk and variety of Wilbur's poetic output, especially points of interest and difficulty which critics overlook or tend to skim past.

The five themes discussed in this thesis are related to Wilbur's idea of happiness. A happy poet does justice to the world he perceives. The "world" that Wilbur is concerned with includes the "Republic of Letters," the world of phenomena, and the world of human experiences. An artist continues and modifies his literary tradition and tries to shape the protean diversity of human consciousness. True "happiness" can only be gained through self exposure to life's endless contradictions and through maintaining a balance between the artist's conflicting responses to these contradictions.

One of the many contradictions is the conflict between human vision and the multifarious world. Wilbur attempts to show that physical vision is allied to moral vision. The poet also tries to articulate a compromise between the scientific and the artistic modes of perception. Through vision, man may achieve a reciprocal relationship with the world. A poet's vision is to discover the cosmic harmony beneath the apparently fragmented world and, as in a kaleidoscope, to arrange a design which holds the disparate images together.

Wilbur's mundane commitments counterbalance his spiritual yearnings. His remarks about Robert Frost's Apple-picker--who 11 has climbed not to heaven but toward it, seeking perfection in a finite task11 --provide the key to the understanding of Wilbur's work in general. Corresponding to the rival claims of spirituality and corporeality, the structure of poems on this topic--and many of Wilbur's poems--is dialectical. The arrangement of the arguments is usually a juxtaposition of the thesis against the antithesis, followed by a synthesis. This dialectical format of ideas can be divided into three categories: polarities and counterpoint, dialogues, and narratives of dilemma.

Another rivalry is that between art and reality. Naked reality motivates the artist to metaphor, and he gives reality form and pattern. The difficulty of this relation arises from the intricacy involved in achieving a "borrowing of the powers" from the real objects. Sometimes Wilbur translates the fugitive events into verbal patterns and sometimes he reshapes other artists' interpretations of life into another art form--a poem.

The qualities that Wilbur cherishes in poetry-grace and lightness, for instance--are qualities essential to a purposeful existence. He is concerned with the tension between the limitations imposed upon man and man's aspirations and achievements within or despite these limitations. Wilbur's Weltanschauung is this-worldly: it seeks out ways of living happily in a fallen world. While Wilbur is genuinely saddened by mortality and mutability, he does not seem to be imaginatively held by them. The reader does not suspect the poet's honesty and seriousness in his exaltation of personal equilibrium and his faith in a basically decent universe. But the reader may sometimes miss a sense of human tragedy. Wilbur's limitations are his temperamental peculiarities which he can hardly be expected to transcend consistently. Given his register, Wilbur is brilliant. By and large, he imagines excellence and is uncommonly successful in his attempt to "make it."

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Fast Estimation of Time-Varying Transmission Rates for Infectious Diseases

contributor:
Earn, David
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
SIR model
childhood diseases
transmission rate
infectious disease
Applied Mathematics
Applied Mathematics

abstract: Modelling and analysis of recurrent infectious disease epidemics often depends on the reconstruction of a time-varying transmission rate from historical reports of cases or deaths. Statistically rigorous estimation methods for time-varying transmission rates exist but are too computationally demanding to apply to a time series longer than a few decades. We present a computationally ecient estimation method that is suitable for very long data sets. Our method, which uses a discrete-time approximation to the SIR model for infectious diseases, is easy to implement and outperforms the classic Fine and Clarkson estimation method.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: "Sincerest Revolutionary Greetings": Progressive Ukrainians in Twentieth Century Canada

contributor:
Frager, Ruth
History

subject: Ukrainians

subject: 20th century

subject: Revolution

subject: Arts and Humanities

subject: Cultural History

subject: European History

subject: History

subject: History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology

subject: Arts and Humanities

abstract:
<p>**missing pages 115-117</p>
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Making of Carl O. Sauer and the Berkeley School of (Historical) Geography

contributor:
Gentilcore, R.L.
Geography

subject:
Carl Sauer
Geography
Berkeley School
Historical Geography
Geography
Human Geography
Other Geography
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Geography

abstract: **book was missing pages 105-109 (the thesis contents are undisturbed although the pages are missing)

abstract:
This is a study in intellectual history. The focus is on Carl O. Sauer (1889-1975) and Sauer's ideas. The purpose of the thesis is to account for the intellectual motivation behind the "Berkeley School of (Historical) Geography" for which Sauer was wholly responsible. Historical geography in north America virtually owes its existence to Sauer's efforts. The thesis is not an analysis of the school per se, but rather an investigation into it's origin and underlying world view.

The stimulus behind the Berkeley School was Sauer's 1925 essay on "The Morphology of Landscape". The "morphology" had a profound impact on the discipline of geography in North America, and it carefully outlined Sauer's perspective on the field. Accordingly, the bulk of the thesis covers the period from Sauer's birth until the penning of the "morphology". The different milieux of which Sauer was a member during that period are examined to determine their respective contributions to his ideas.

It is postulated that Sauer's conception of geography, as expressed through the methodology and epistemological framework delineated in the "morphology", was a reflection if his strong German-American upbringing in the "Missouri Rhineland". In short, it is argued that Sauer was perpetuating the Goethean conception of science he was exposed to as an undergraduate at Central Weslevan. Sauer's graduate school experiences and his early teaching position appear to have had only a passing influence on his definition of the discipline

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry: A High-Throughput Platform in Metabolomics for Assessment of Lifestyle Interventions in Human Health

contributor:
Britz-McKibbin, Philip
Chemistry

subject:
metabolomics
capillary electrophoresis
mass spectrometry
high throughput
high intensity interval training
diabetes
Analytical Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry

abstract: Research in this thesis has focused on development and application of novel methodologies that enhance sample throughput and data fidelity when performing untargeted metabolome profiling by multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS). Metabolomics is a valuable tool in functional genomics research to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms associated with human health since metabolites are “real-world” end-products of gene expression. CE-MS is well-suited for metabolomics because it is a high efficiency microseparation technique that can be used to resolve complex mixtures of polar metabolites in human biofluids without complicated sample workup. In this thesis, a novel CE-MS assay for estrogens and their intact ionic conjugates has been described (Chapter II) to expand metabolome coverage that enables resolution of positional isomers with high selectivity. This is critical for better understanding of underlying perturbations in estrogen metabolism since the biological activity of estrogens are dependent on specific primary and secondary metabolic transformations. MSI-CE-MS has been introduced as a high-throughput approach for large-scale metabolomic studies based on serial injection of multiple segments of sample within a single fused-silica capillary (Chapter III). It reduces analysis times while increasing data quality and confidence in peak assignment together with better quality assurance. An accelerated workflow for metabolomics has also been developed when using MSI-CE-MS, where a dilution trend filter is used as a primary screen to authenticate reproducible sample-derived metabolites from a pooled sample while eliminating spurious artifact and background signals. In this way, complicated time alignment and peak picking algorithms are avoided when processing data in metabolomics to reduce false discoveries. This strategy was subsequently used in two metabolomics applications (Chapters IV and V) to identify plasma markers associated with strenuous exercise and adaptive training responses following a six-week high intensity interval training. The impact of exercise intervention to improve the glucose tolerance of a cohort of overweight/obese yet non-diabetic women was investigated on an individual level when using a cross-over design. Personalized interventions are critical in designing more effective therapies to prevent metabolic diseases due to inter-subject variations in treatment responses, including potential adverse effects. MSI-CE-MS offers a revolutionary approach for biomarker discovery in metabolomics with high sample throughput and high data fidelity, which is critical for validation of safe yet effective lifestyle interventions that promote human health and reduce risk for chronic diseases.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Wordswrth's Prelude and the Sublime and Beautiful

contributor:
B., W. J.
English

subject:
Prelude
Wordsworth
Sublime
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract: The categories of the Sublime and the Beautiful, popularized during the eighteenth century, are central to Wordswordth's major poem The Prelude. In this poem, phrases which pair off fear or terror and love obviously recall Burke's theory of the Sublime as having to do with ideas of self-preservation and the beautiful with ideas of love and society. In book 1 of The Prelude Wrdsworth interprets his formative experiences in terms of solitude and society. experiences of fear and friendship. This interpretation governs the entire poem, though in the final books Wordsworth deprecates his tendency to respond excessively to the sublime. Other ideas of the sublime than Burke's also affected his powerfully. The theme of the mind's steady acquisition of power through The Prelude; it is stated at the conclusion of book VII and in the "Climbing of snowdom" episode of book XIII. This there is a modification of the 17th and 18th century, which examines the mind's attributes to the mind's activities when it confronts grand and wast forms, and attributes to the mind capacities of expansion and elevation. In this own essay, "The Sublime and the Beautiful", belonging to the same period as his Guide to the Lakes, Wordsworth elaborated this idea, claiming that the mind is likely to respond in terms of either awe or elevation when it confronts forms combining "individuality of form" with "duration" and "power". In The Prelude significant experience, involving the arousal and excersie of imagination, generally arises from some combination of simplicity, duration and power in phenomena. Wordsworth's interest in the sublime and beautiful developed through conventional, sensationalist response to the mountaous Lake district environment of his boyhood, and to the alpine regon he visited in 1790. But gradually he evolved a series of laws, stated in "The Sublime and the Beautiful" and implied in The Prelude, which accounted for the imaginative significance of sublime phenomena in terms of their ability to suggest unity, infinity and power. These qualities, once precieved, provided emblems of the imagination, explores its powers, and links it with sublimity. At the end of the poem, however, Wordsworth attaches equal importance to love and beauty. After the crisis of the French Revolution his sister Dorthy, Marry Hutchinson and Coleridge helped to restore his faith in man and nature by directing his attention to the beautiful. The Prelude therefore suggests that the beautiful is fundamentally important in promoting moral and spiritual health. But the poem's major theme is the growth of a poet's mind and imagination, and it is the sublime that is consistently yoked with imaginative vitality.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Unsatisfactory Answers: Dialogism in George Eliot's Later Novels

contributor:
Ross, M.
English

subject:
English
George Eliot
Novels
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Other English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
George Eliot's later novels are discussed with reference to Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of dialogism. Although Bakhtin traces dialogism from comedy and carnival, Eliot's dialogism is rooted in tragedy. Romola is set during Florentine carnival and Savonarola's sacred parody of carnival. While Eliot and Bakhtin, following Goethe, both use carnival as an image of ambivalence, in contrast to Bakhtin, Eliot recognizes carnival's violence when it is not simply a metaphor. Deviations from a key intertext, Paquale Villari's Ufe and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, are critical to understanding the novel's ambivalence. Felix Holt and The Spanish Gypsy are studied in light of Eliot's discussion of tragedy, a genre that Eliot argues contains irreconcilable positions. Neither work arrives at an absolute pronouncement for dealing with social inequities. Although Felix has usually been seen as Eliot's mouthpiece, I argue that Felix Holt and the separately published address are dialogic and Eliot does not present any simplistic single correct course for English politics.

Bakhtin's discussion of the difference between epic and novel is a starting point for looking at Eliot's use of parodic heroes in Middlemarch, in which incessant parody provides multiple views on every action or word, and large abstract truths cannot be found. Harriet Martineau is introduced as a model for Dorothea's possibilities, and the monologism of Martineau's work forms a contrast for Middlemarch. In Daniel Deronda, Eliot's hero realizes his inability to believe in an epic stance, and the possibility of politics is challenged. Daniel is paralyzed, unable to act because of his own consciousness of dialogism. The Zionism eventually embraced by Daniel is not endorsed absolutely but is subject to the various perspectives of the novel. The usual understanding of the concluding allusion to Milton's Samson Agonistes is challenged by examining Milton's depiction of the conflicting duties of family and nation.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Apocrypha of Nanny's Secrets: The Rhetoric of recovery in Africarribbean Women's Poetry

contributor:
York, Lorraine
English

subject:
Apocrypha
Africaribbean
Women
Poetry
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
This thesis is a comparatoive study of four Africaribbean women's poetry: Marlene Nourbese Philip, Claire Harris, Lorna Goodison, Cynthia James. It is also a study of what it means to be a minority writer who happens to be female and Black in Canada. I look at how various factors affect the way these poets use language to develop an Africaribbean/Canadian feminist rhetoric of recovery, not only for themselves as individuals, but also for Africaribbean group healing and growth. The thesis is divided into five chapters and a tentative conclusion.

In Chapter One, I address the various theoretical locations or un-locations and paradigms of Caribbean literary and critical history in order to contextuatlize my reading of the work of these poets. I discuss the salient issues of silence, voice, marginality, language, and audience. Chapter Two takes me through an exploration of the evolution of voice in Marlene Nourbese Philip's poetry within antagonistic yet receptive Canadian literaryscape. I explore her work through theories and practices of decontructing and deterritorializing the imperial father tongue--English--in search of a lost mother tongue. Claire Harris developments through high modernist, feminist/postcolonial territories become the framework for my examination of her poetry. But this examination is also done within the background of prairie culture and Canadian political of multiculturalism. Her treatment of Africaribbean femininity, gender relations, race, motherdaughter relations through a collage of linguistic paraphenalia and literary models is traced and explained.

In Chapter Four, I compare the politics of cultural location that produce the discourse of contestation in both Philip and Harris with Lorna Goodison's exploration of Africaribbean culture, and religions from her Jamaican location. I opined that Goodison unlike Philip and Harris to some ecxtent is not very concerned with contesting any domionant group for space and audeince, but searching for an ideology of healing the wounded souls of her people. In Chapter Five, I study Cynthia James's poetic of healing in a Trinbagonian society. My central concern t here is how James makes use of innovative collages of Trinbagonian traditional belief systems, cultural musical productions, and religious and literary traditions to get her people to move from moaning ground to heartease.

I arrive finally at a tentative conclusion which stresses a transnational, inter-and intra-theoretical, paralinguistic, and multicultural reading of any of these poets.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Meson-Nucleus Interaction

contributor:
Nogami, Y.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
The total and elastic cross sections for pion-nucleus scattering at medium energies are known for several nuclei. There are mainly two theoretical approaches, the optical model potential and the Glauber approximation, which have been used to analyse the pion-nucleus scattering data. These theoretical calculations use some approximations such as the impulse approximation for the πN amplitude, the closure or the fixed scatterer approximation, the neglect of Pauli principle etc. The validity of these approximations cannot be taken for granted. In the 33-resonance energy region where the πN interaction is very strong, the validity of the impulse approximation, especially, is very dubious. In this thesis we examine the accuracy of some of these approximation, in particular that of the impulse approximation.

We evaluate the binding corrections to the impulse approximation by doing a model calculation for pion scattering from a bound nucleon at low and medium energies. We consider a nucleon bound in a shell model potential, which is taken to be a harmonic oscillator. The oscillator parameter is chosen such that the nuclear sizes are fitted. The nucleus under consideration thus contains only one nucleon. A separable πN interaction, which reproduces free πN scattering is assumed. Its parameters are determined such that at low energies it fits the scattering length and effective range of free πN scattering. At medium energies, on the other hand, the separable interaction is fitted to reproduce the 33-resonance. The nucleon recoil is taken into account in fitting the free πN scattering data.

Unlike the free πN scattering, the Schrödinger equation for π-bound nucleon scattering cannot be solved analytically. We obtain the scattering amplitude in this case by means of the Padé approximant. We treat the binding potential exactly. We do not use the closure approximation to sum over the the intermediate nuclear states; instead they are explicitly summed over. At low energies the binding correction is found to be negligible for s-wave πN scattering. At medium energies, however, the binding correction to the impulse approximation is found to be significantly large. There is a downward shift of the resonance energy due to binding. The total cross section at and near the resonance peak increases by about 60-70% compared to that in the impulse approximation. The differential cross section is more strongly forward peaked in comparison to that in the impulse approximation. The effect of the Pauli principle is also considered by excluding appropriate states which are already occupied by other nucleons. It pushes the resonance energy upwards, closer to that in the impulse approximation. Its significance effect is to further change the cross section. The implication of such large binding corrections to the impulse approximation for pion-nucleus scattering are also discussed for a simple model.

We also discuss the Pauli principle effects and the binding corrections to the impulse approximation for kaon-nucleus scattering at low energies. This is done for a model similar to the one used for π-bound nucleon scattering. The binding correction in this case is large compared to that for s-wave πN scattering. This is due to the fact that the s-wave KN interaction is more strong at low energies in comparison to the corresponding πN interaction.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Government Deficits and Debt in a Federal Economy

contributor:
Scarth, W.M.
Economics

subject:
Economics
Federal
Debt
Deficits
Government
Economic History
Economics
Finance
Growth and Development
Other Economics
Political Economy
Public Economics
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Economic History

abstract: Missing pages 112 and 225

abstract: In federal states such as Canada and the u.s., non-federal governments control a sizable fraction of total government revenues and expenditures. Despite this, the literature on the macroeconomic effect of government deficits and debt deals virtually exclusively with unitary states. Similarly, the literature which examines issues pertaining to non-federal governments ignores the issue of the effect their choosing to deficit finance might have on macroeconomic stability. This thesis represents an effort to bring together these two strands of research. The results indicate that many conclusions of the existing literature on the macroeconomic effect of government deficits and debt are either completely overturned or significantly modified when one considers a federal rather than a unitary state. In particular, we find that the condition (s) which must be satisfied for macroeconomic stability are made significantly more stringent when non-federal governments choose to deficit finance disturbances to their budget positions. We also find that the success of federal debt management policies are greatly influenced by the decision of non-federal governments to deficit finance. In conclusion then, we find that two issues which have played a prominent role in recent policy debates --whether government deficit financing must eventually lead to large tax increases (or expenditure cuts), and the magnitude of deficit reductions necessary to maintain manageable levels of debt --are both highly sensitive to decisions made not only at the federal government level but also at the non-federal level.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Restructuring, Privatisation and the Local Welfare State

contributor:
Dear, Michael
Geography

subject:
Local Welfare
Privitization
Geography
State
Geography
Human Geography
Nature and Society Relations
Other Geography
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Geography

abstract:
This thesis examines the local consequences of the restructuring of Ontario's welfare state. Changes in welfare state policies are shown to have significant impacts upon the Province's urban areas. The thesis argues that to understand the development of the welfare state it is necessary to examine the structural context in which that deveIopment occurs as weII as the actions of human agents that seek to influence policy development and to change the structures of social organisation. That is, welfare state Policy, and the restructuring of the state, are not to be seen as imposed by the state: people can influence the development of the welfare state. It is within particular locaIities that we can observe the interactions between structures and agents.

The thesis proposes that to understand the development of the local welfare state, we need to investigate the structural context in which a locality operates; the processes at work within a locality; and the unique features of the locality itself (e.g., people's experiences of the state and their reactions to state pol icy). This study incorporates each of these dimensions to provide a comprehensive analysis of the development of the local welfare state in Ontario.

The primary processes at work in Ontario to influence the local level or Jment of the wellfare state in the last two decades have been the deinst itutionalisation of several (previously -institutionalised populations , and the) privatisation of services which serve these people. The~e policies are shown to be the result of pressures external to the 5tate (e.g .• the demands for social services), as well as those internal pressures which have received much greater attention in UH• literature (E.g •• the state's fiscal crisis).

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: International Relocation of Steel Production: U.S.A. and Brasil

contributor:
Webber, M.J.
Geography

subject:
Steel
Production
International
U.S.A
Brazil
Geography
Nature and Society Relations
Other Geography
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Geography

abstract: There has been a general shift in the location of steel production over the last 15 years away from developed countries towards developing countries. The shift is similar to those documented in their industries like cars and textiles, but the reasons for the shift are different partly because steel is not produced by multinational corporations. This thesis examines part of the shift in steel production. specifically its decline in the United States and its expansion in Brasil. An analysis of changing class relationships around steel production over the most recent cycle of accumulation is conducted for each country. The importance of indigenous class forces in determining the course of industrial development is emphasized. in contrast with most of the radical literature on industrial development which considers third world growth to be externally imposed. The thesis makes two major contributes to the literature. First a theory of international development which is consistent with realist-marxist principles is provided. This theory also integrates the economic and political branches of marxist theory through an analysis of competition, a subject relatively absent from most marxist analyses. Secondly, research at a concrete level is conducted which illustrates the strengths and usefulness of the realist-marxist theory. By analyzing an industry (steel) that in its institutional organization and physical structure is different from other industries that have been examined empirically, different kinds of social relationships are found to be important in determining the pattern of international development. An explanation of the shift in steel production is provided therefore which also demonstrates practically the realist argument that causes of Industrial development are both abstract and specific: specific to places, times and branches of production. Most of the existing radical literature on international development identifies only causes that are specific to certain cases.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Development And Decline of British Antifraternal Literature

contributor:
Roebuck, G.
English

subject:
Development
British
English
Antifraternal
Lit.
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
This thesis presents the results of an investigation of antifraternal materials produced in France during the thirteenth century and in England during the fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, and early seventeenth centuries. Primary materials include theological tracts such as William of Saint Amour's De periculis novissimorum temporum and De pharisaeo et publicano and Richard FitzRalph's Defensio curatorum and vernacular works such as several of Rutebeuf's dits, Jean de Meun's continuation of The Romance of the Rose, John Gower's Vox clamantis, Chaucer's Summoner's Tale, John Skelton's "Collyn Clout," Thomas More's Utopia, John Heywood's The Pardonner and The Friar, Robert Greene's Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay, William Shakespeare's Measure for Measure, and Thomas Fuller's "Chaucer."

These materials collectively confirm that, during the late Middle Ages following FitzRalph's influential attack on friars, a particularly British body of antifraternal literature, distinct from its French progenitor, emerged. The distinctly British treatment of friars, marked by its emphasis on fraternal oratories and friars as peddlers, continued until the Reformation when it faded away as the friars themselves silently dissolved into the rapidly changing British religious landscape. Despite the appearance of antifraternal motifs and images in post-Reformation literature, this body of literature lacks a particularly British colouring.

Any study that fuses Medieval and Renaissance ingredients runs the risk of granting more weight to one period than to another. Although I have attempted to be always aware of this problem, an imbalance does remain. Chapters one through four address various medieval aspects of the antifraternal tradition while Chapter five a d the Epilogue examine antifraternal literature of the early Renaissace and Renaissance. The Prologue looks at both periods. I can only hop that the light shed on the ghostly Renaissance antifraternal figure, a figue infrequently discussed in scholarly criticism, partly rights the imbalance.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Measurement and Prediction of the Onset of Intermittent Dryout During Blowdown Transients for Upward Annular Flow

contributor:
Novog, D. R.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Two-Phase Flow
Critical Heat Flux
Nuclear Safety
Transient
Dryout
Heat Transfer, Combustion
Nuclear Engineering
Heat Transfer, Combustion

abstract: The effect of pressure transients on the onset of intermittent dryout in upward annular flow was experimentally investigated in order to resolve the conflict between the observations drawn from two major data sets in the literature. A delay in time to the onset of dryout at the test section exit relative to the time predicted based on steady-state data was observed in the R-12 experiments of Celata et al (1988; 1991). Steady-state prediction methods were sufficient to predict the upstream progression of a pre-existing dryout front in the water experiments of Lyons and Swinnerton (1983). Steady state and pressure transient dryout experiments were performed using water with outlet pressures of 2 to 6 MPa and mass fluxes of 1000 to 2500 kg/m2/s in an electrically heated 1.32 m long 4.6 mm ID vertical Inconel 600 tube with depressurisation rates of up to 1.0 MPa/s. Transient experiments were performed with a small margin to dryout and with post-dryout initial conditions in order to test the hypothesis that these initial conditions influenced the onset of dryout during transients. The results of a comparison between the steady dryout data and two dryout prediction methods---the Biasi et al (1967) correlation and the 2006 CHF look-up table (Groeneveld et al, 2007)---were used to develop correction factor correlations to reduce systematic error when these methods were used to predict the transient time to dryout. These modified methods yielded mean predicted dryout delays of -0.1 and 1.5 s respectively with standard deviations of approximately 3 s. There was no statistically significant variation between the pre- and post-dryout initial conditions. Based on this result it was concluded that the initial conditions did not affect the observed time to dryout. The mean wall temperature exhibited a discontinuous decrease as the heat flux approached 92 to 95% of the dryout value. It was postulated that this was caused by a heat transfer regime change from liquid film evaporation to droplet evaporation based on the observations of Hewitt (1970), Doroschuk et al (1970) and Groeneveld (2011). For the range of conditions of the present work the onset of intermittent dryout (Groeneveld, 1986) was caused by deterioration of droplet evaporation heat transfer. Celata et al (1988) noted that in their pressure transient experiments the decrease in saturation temperature drove a rapid increase in the heat flux to the fluid. This was caused by the release of stored thermal energy as the test section wall cooled. Celata et al (1991) stated that the systematic dryout delay was observed for depressurisation rates greater than 0.2 MPa/s. Using Celata et al's (1988) pressure transient data it was concluded that the stored thermal energy transient did not influence the onset of intermittent dryout when rho_w c_pw L_w *(dT_sat/dt)<0.3*q''_a.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Variant Edition of Henry James's The Wings of the Dove

subject:
English
Henry James
multiple editions
Arts and Humanities
English Language and Literature
Literature in English, British Isles
Arts and Humanities

abstract: Many pages appear darker than others because of necessary rescanning.

abstract:
In 1908, Henry James prepared a revised version of The Wings of the Dove {1902) as part of the New York Edition of his works. Despite the notoriety of James's habit of revision, and despite the high critical status of the novel as one of James's major works, no scholarly edition of the novel exists. This study attempts to supply such an edition by presenting the text of the first printing of The Wings of the Dove, together with a complete list of substantive variants in the two other editions supervised by the author.

There are three forms in which the text of The Wings of the Dove is available: the first American edition (Scribner's, 1902); the first English edition (Constable, 1902); and the New York Edition (Scribner's, 1909). This study refers to these three editions as A, C and N, respectively. The history of the text shows that A, while the first to be published, is not the first printed; moreover, it lacks some of the final corrections which James made in his proofsheets of C. Hence, C, the first text to be printed and the one which contains all of his corrections of 1902, has been chosen as the copy-text for this edition.

In addition to a brief discussion of the textual variants, the introduction to this edition presents all the available authorial aids to understanding the novel. Acomplete history of James's composition and publication of The Wings of the Dove, from his first Notebook entries of 1894 to the revision of the novel in 1908, is reconstructed here from published and unpublished letters of the period. A section devoted to analysis of James's epistolary comments on the novel and of his one published critique, the Preface to the New York Edition of The Wings of the Dove_, reveals inconsistencies which are ultimately related to the long and intermittent period over which the novel was composed. Finally, examination of some of James's revisions leads to the conclusion that most of the substantive variants are stylistic in effect, but that the remainder clarify or add to the meaning of particular passages.

The text of the first English edition of The Wings of the Dove (C) is reproduced here as this edition's reading text. The correct forms of misprints in C are given in the lateral margins. The substantive variants in A and Nare listed in the lower margins of the pages on which the orginal text appears. This variant edition presents, for the first time, and in convenient form, all the authorial versions of the text of The Wings of the Dove.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: From Aratus to the Aratus Latinus: A Comparative Study of Latin Translation

contributor:
McKay, A.G.
Classics

subject:
Latin translation
metre
vocabulary
archaisms
Roman Phaenomera
Arts and Humanities
Classical Literature and Philology
Classics
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
The Phaenomena, written by Aratus of Soli in 276-274 B.C., enjoyed immense popularity in antiquity and was translated into Latin verse by Marcus Tullius Cicero, Germanicus Caesar and Rufius Festus Avienus, and into Latin prose by an anonymous author writing in the seventh century A.D. Previous studies of these works have provided important observations about individual aspects of the Latin poems and this thesis seeks to add to the understanding and appreciation of the works by comparing in detail the three verse translations and, where appropriate and possible, the prose Aratus Latinus, with the Greek original and with each other.

The first chapter examines the problem of the popularity of the Greek Phaenomena down to the Renaissance and the second chapter investigates the nature of translation as a Roman literary phenomenon. The five chapters which follow include statistical surveys, based on both scansion of the poems and on computer-concordances compiled for the thesis, and stylistic analyses in order to elucidate the degree to which the translations were dependent upon and independent from the Greek model and the similarities and differences amcng the translations them.selves. Chapter III investigates four aspects of metre (metrical patterns, first and fourth foot, elision, and caesurae and diaereses). Chapter rv examines the quantity of sound and, in particular, initial consonantal alliteration. Chapter V contains a discussion of compound adjectives and epithets and Chapter VI, a discussion of special astronomical vocabulary (words of brightness, color terms and four special words: uis, laetus, tristis, crinis). Chapter VII investigates Greek words and Latin archaisms in the Latin translations and establishes evidence for Cicero's creation of a uniquely Latin poem through the use of Latin archaisms. The final chapter discusses further the emergence of a distinctly Roman Phaenomena, for Germanicus in the use of references to aspects of Roman life and for Avienus in the area of borrowings from the previous Latin translations of Aratus' poem. It concludes with a study of the ways in which each of the verse translators alter the emphasis of the original by reshaping its theme, thereby emphasizing the extent to which the translators went beyond their Greek model to create individual and original Latin works.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Contemporary Quebec Feminism: The Interrelation of Political and Ideological Development in Women's Organizations, Trade Unions, Political Parties and State Policy, 1960-1980.

contributor:
Howard, R.
Sociology

subject:
Quebec
women's movements
hegemony and feminist theories
social and political conditions
Gender and Sexuality
Politics and Social Change
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Sociology
Gender and Sexuality

abstract:
This study explores the development of francophone women's movements In Quebec, 1960-1980, In the light of a theoretical framework derived from hegemony theory and feminist theory. In particular, It is concerned to discover how the ideologies of women and the politics of feminism are related to the consolidatlon of ruling and opposition blocs in three periods, which have been characterised as liberal-modernisatlon (1960- 1976), a crisis of hegemony (1970-1976) and progressive national (1976-1980). The thesis argues that women's movements are not merely constituted by the social and political conditions in which they develop, but are also constitutive of more general allilances on a political field structured by class, national and gender struggles. Liberal, social Catholic, revolutionary, radical and trade union women's movements are studied.

The study argues that the development of feminist politics was not, as has been thought, simply backard. Instead, IiberaI feminist politicaI organizations developed In advance of similar organizations in the rest of Canada. They did so by appropriating elements of the legitimatlng Iiberal modernisation ideology and adapting them to support their programmes for improvement In women's status and for the representation of women in the state, through an advisory ConseiI du Statut de la femme. The study also argues that feminist and nationalist aspirations were not merely opposed to one another, as is commonly argued, but that in the long run, the mobilised political field which grew out of national and trade union struggles, permitted rapid and innovative reform in state policy. Finally, the study points to the ways in which a feminist gender politics, particularly as influenced by trade union feminism, was central to the consolidatlon of the progressive-nationalist bloc, led by the Partl québécols.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Investigation of Competence Heterogeneity in Streptococcus Milleri Group Clinical Isolates

contributor:
Surette, Michael
Brian Coombes and Marie Elliot
Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences

subject:
Streptococcus Milleri/Anginosus Group
Streptococcus anginosus
Streptococcus constellatus
Streptococcus intermedius
ComCDE
transformation and competence
Microbiology
Microbiology

abstract: The Streptococcus Milleri/Anginosus group (SMG) includes Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius. The SMG is found in healthy individuals but these bacteria are most known clinically for being associated with invasive disease and more recently, airway infections including cystic fibrosis (CF). The SMG like many other streptococci are naturally competent, being able to actively bind, uptake and integrate extracellular DNA. Competence regulation involves a competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) derived from the ComC precursor and a two- component signaling system (a histidine kinase ComD and its response regulator ComE). In this study, I examined the distribution of CSP/ComD sequences and competence in 170 SMG clinical isolates from CF airways and invasive disease. Five predicted CSP sequences were observed; one represented a newly predicted CSP and two arose from frameshift mutations in comC and appeared to be non-functional. The three CSPs fall into two functional groups that do not cross-activate due to receptor specificity. In addition, I observed that the Streptococcus constellatus subspecies pharyngis strains could not be transformed. However, I demonstrated that the pharyngis strains possess a functional ComCDE pathway, suggesting that the CSP regulates genes other than those involved in natural transformation. For many strains, I observed high endogenous competence levels that were only marginally induced by added peptide. These strains appear to be constitutively competent during exponential growth. The high basal level of expression and the heterogeneity in the SMG competence systems could impact how the SMG evolve during colonization and infections and specifically acquire antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Narratives of Exclusion: Toward a Pastoral Theology of Community

contributor:
Zylla, Phil
Christian Studies

subject:
stratification
North American evangelical church
exclusion
elderly
homeless
disabled
divorced
widowed
Arts and Humanities
Religion
Arts and Humanities

abstract: This thesis investigates the perception of 'difference' which results in the stratification of people within the North American evangelical church. In order to develop this understanding, the experiences of excluded persons are explored carefully by attending to narratives of the elderly, those living with disability, the divorced, widows, the homeless, and others who have endured the pain of rejection. Such persons are made to feel as if they have no voice. By articulating the felt experience of the excluded this thesis gives voice to the hidden dimensions of alienation which occur even in the church. Alienation is explored as a core theological motif with the aim of developing a pastoral theology of community which enables a reorientation of ministry to the excluded. In the course of argument the thesis explores a theology of alienation. This provides the theological context for the narratives of exclusion which illuminate the reality of loneliness-a core dimension of exclusion. Employing the revised critical correlation method the thesis concludes by offering a pastoral theology of community which calls for effective approaches to the ministry of inclusion.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Anisotropic Neutron Transport Analysis

contributor:
Harms, A.A.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
This study is concerned with the analysis of the neutron transport equation with anisotropic phenomena. The mathematical method chosen for this analysis is the partial-range orthogonal function for the representation of the angular dependence of the pertinent angular neutronic functions. These functions are the neutron angular flux and the external sources of neutrons as well as the scattering functions. Of the several existing models of neutron transport analysis, the time-independent one-group neutron transport equations for plane and spherical geometries have been selected.

The partial-range Legendre polynomials, which represent an orthogonal set of functions over an arbitrary range of the angular variable, have been used for the analysis in this research. The reproduction of the partial-range polynomials using the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization theorem as well as the linear transformation of variables is mathematically examined; moreover, the properties of orthogonality, the recurrence relations, and the full-range integrations have been established. The distinguishing feature of this mathematical formalism is that is combines the features of both methods of the discrete ordinate methods and the spherical harmonics approximations for the neutron transport analysis. The features of the discrete ordinate methods are incorporated by the arbitrary segmentation of the angular variable into N number of intervals. Then, the features of the spherical harmonics methods are included by expanding the neutronic functions in terms of the partial-range Legendre polynomials over these intervals. Hence, this formalism is very appropriate for the transport problems involving highly varying angular fluxes and strong anisotropic scattering.

For plane geometry, two different partial-range formalisms have been systematically developed. In both formalisms, the neutron angular flux and the external sources of neutrons are expanded in terms of partial-range Legendre polynomials. In the first formalism, which is designated by the NPL approximation, the scattering function has been represented in terms of full-range Legendre polynomials; in the second formalism, which is designated by the NPL-MPK approximation, the scattering function is reconstructed using the partial-range Legendre polynomials. The two formalisms allow for discontinuities in the angular flux as well as the external sources of neutrons at arbitrary point of the angular variable. However, it is only the second formalism of the partial-range scattering function at arbitrary points of the scattering angular variables. This permits the representation of the scattering function to a high accuracy with few terms.

An indication of the computational usefulness of these formalisms was obtained by calculating some neutronic parameters using low-order approximations. The NPL approximations have been used to calculate the eigenvalues associated with the homogeneous neutron transport equation which gives the diffusion length. Moreover, the end point, the linear extrapolation length and the ratio of the asymptotic flux to the total flux associated with the vacuum boundary of the Milne's problem in plane geometry have been examined. It has been found that this formalism of the partial-range analysis is better than the conventional methods of analysis especially for highly absorbing media and strong anisotropic scattering processes. In a certain sense, the low-order 2Po approximation doubles the range of c for the same accuracy compared to the usual double-Po approximation; the constant c is the average number of secondary neutrons per collision.

Three different low-order approximations of the NPL-MPK analysis have been examined and compared with each other as well as with the alternative methods of the same complexity. A highly anisotropic scattering function, for which the exact eigenvalue is known, has been used for the comparison. It has been found that the DPL-2PK approximation is very adequate for the analysis of problems with highly anisotropic scattering. Moreover, the DPo-DPo approximation is used to examine the critical thickness of a bare slab reactor. For practical compositions of the critical reactors, the critical thickness changes considerably with the degree of anisotropy. The effect of anisotropic scattering, therefore, must be considered in the analysis and design of nuclear reactors especially when strong anisotropic scattering is involved.

A general formalism, which allows for discontinuities in the neutron angular flux and its angular derivatives at position dependent points of the angular variables, has been established for spherical geometry. This formalism is exact and free of any functional assumptions and exactly represents the actual behaviour of the discontinuities in the angular flux, and hence it satisfies the boundary conditions exactly. The low-order 2Po approximation has been used to study the spherical Milne's problem. The results show discontinuities in the angular flux at position dependent angular points which are expected from the physical processes of the problem. The important feature of this formalism is that the 2Po approximation, which is of the same computational complexity as the diffusion theory, gives the total flux with much higher accuracy especially close to the surface of the sphere.

Finally, the partial-range formalism has been used to study some reactor physics problems of current practical interest. This is concerned with the reconstruction of elastic scattering cross section as well as the group-to-group transfer cross sections. For a numerical illustration, the elastic scattering cross sections of 14.0 MeV neutrons of U238 and Bi209, which are highly anisotropic, have been reconstructed. The results show improvement over the usual full-range representation of the scattering function. Further, the group-to-group cross sections of hydrogen, oxygen and water from (3.3287-3.0119) MeV to (2.7253-2.4600) MeV have been reconstructed using low-order representation. The results are in good agreement with the exact values and more accurate compared to the full-range Legendre polynomials approximation; the reason for this is that the group-to-group cross section is well-behaved only over certain ranges of the scattering angular variables. Moreover, this representation provides an additional degree of freedom: it is not necessary to employ the same order of approximation over the various allowable directional ranges of the scattering angular variable. The order can be varied according to the extent of anisotropy of the scattering cross section over each range. This suggests that the partial-range approximation of the scattering functions and the group-to group cross sections represents a potentially useful representation redundant in the neutron transport analysis with highly anisotropic scattering; a case in hand is the fast breeder reactor, the calculation of the blanket of the proposed fusion reactors, and detailed neutronic calculation in interface regions of thermal reactors.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Free Will and the Possibility of Radical Evil in Kant.

contributor:
Ajzenstat, S.
Philosophy

subject:
freedom
obedience
moral law
Kant's ethical theory
free will
Arts and Humanities
Philosophy
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
Kant's ethical theory is often characterized as one in which freedom is identified with obedience to the moral law. In Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone, however, free will appears to be characterized as the ability to choose either to obey or disobey the moral law. Hence, an evil act could be freely chosen, whereas according to the usual ethical conception, evil appears to have to be interpreted as a manifestation of lack of freedom. The problem treated in this thesis is whether or not Kant's account of radical evil in Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone is compatible with the conception of free will given in the ethics. If the two conceptions are aspects of one developed theory of free will, does the theory hold together; if they are actually two theories of will, what are the implications for Kant's ethics?

Chapter I presents the problem and summarizes the two Prefaces to Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone, as well as its first essay, "On the Radical Evil in Human Nature." Two conunentators, L.W. Beck and J.R. Silber, view Kant as developing one theory of free will. To show that this is so, they focus on Kant's distinction of will into two parts, Wille and Willkür, as a key to resolving possible contradictions. Their arguments are discussed in Chapter II. Chapter III analyzes the primary sources which Beck and Silber bring to corroborate their versions of the theory, and briefly sets forth the arguments of Emil Fackenheirn, who regards the essay in Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone as repudiating the ethics. It concludes on the inconclusive note that the problem may be unresolvable.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Magnetron Sputtering in Silicon Rich Film Deposition

contributor:
Mascher, Peter
Engineering Physics

subject:
magnetron sputtering
light emitting silicon rich films
reactive magnetron sputtering
co-sputtering
stacked film
Engineering
Engineering

abstract:
The technique of magnetron sputtering is considered for the deposition of silicon rich films. Attention was paid to the possibility to produce light emitting silicon rich films by three different methods, such as reactive magnetron sputtering, co-sputtering from silicon/silicon dioxide targets and a stacked film approach. It was found that photoluminescence of the films deposited in presence of hydrogen was much grater then that for other samples.

A model of reactive sputter deposition was also developed and tested in this work. Results achieved in numerical simulation are compared with experimental data and show a good correlation.

An experimental unit for magnetron sputtering was designed and built based on a sphere-shaped vacuum chamber equipped with a commercially available magnetron sputter gun, RF generator as power supply unit, vacuum controllers, mass flow controllers, in-situ thickness monitor, temperature controller and other supplemental equipment.

Characterization of deposited film was made usmg Profile Measurement, ellipsometry, Rutherford Back Scattering measurements, X-Ray Diffraction measurements and photoluminescence measurements.

The achieved results show the principal possibility of getting microcrystalline silicon films and light emitting silicon nanocrystals embedded into silicon dioxide matrix by the sputter deposition technique.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Being Human, Being Church: The Significance of Theological Anthropology for Ecclesiology

contributor:
Peterson, James C.
Studebaker, Steven M.
Christian Theology

subject: personhood

subject: community

subject: anthropological agnosticism

subject: church

subject: cultural engagement

subject: ecclesiology

subject: Arts and Humanities

subject: Religion

subject: Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion

subject: Arts and Humanities

abstract:
One's conception of human personhood deeply impacts one's understanding and practice of community. Contemporary culture lacks precision and agreement in defining the human person. Such ·anthropological agnosticism· also affects the church. leading to devastating consequences concerning its inner sociality. cultural engagement, and pursuit of justice. This dissertation argues that a significant step forward is to gain a better understanding of theological anthropology and apply it consistently to ecclesiology. Specifically. a theological understanding of the human person as a relational. rational. and eschatological creature leads to a conception of the church as relational. rational, and eschatological communities of the new humanity. This approach overcomes problematic dualisms and false dichotomies presently plaguing the church's inner life and outward mission, in part by accentuating the ethical dimension that pervades its whole existence. Primary conversation partners include Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Miroslav Volf. and Stanley Grenz. Alasdair Macintyre and Wolthart Pannenberg are also influential.

Part I consists of two chapters. Chapter one explores the difficulties of defining the human person in contemporary culture and the resulting consequences for community and ethics. Chapter two analyzes six typological ways of construing community based IV upon conflicting views of the human person. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of each, concluding that none is fully satisfying theologically. Part II (chapters 3-5) constructs a theological anthropology in trinitarian perspective. It presents a threedimensional view of the human person as: a relational creature whose telos is to love God and fellow human beings; a rational creature whose telos is to know God and understand God"s world; and an eschatological creature whose telos is to serve God as a stewardpriest of (new) creation. Part III (chapters 6-8) constructs an ecclesiology corresponding to the themes developed in Part II. depicting the church as relational, rational, and eschatological communities of the new humanity defined and oriented by love. faith. and hope. The concluding chapter summarizes the arguments developed and their implications for Christian community and ethics. It then explores some preliminary implications of viewing the church as God"s new humanity. called to promote and embody the welfare and flourishing of all human beings.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: In Plane Sliding Shear Behaviour of Unreinforced Concrete Masonry Retrofitted with Surface-Bonded Fibreglass Laminates

contributor:
Drysdale, Robert G.
Hamid, Ahmad A.
Civil Engineering

subject:
lateral loads
seismic or wind events
in plane strength
modes of failure
strengthening techniques
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Civil Engineering
Construction Engineering and Management
Engineering
Structural Engineering
Civil and Environmental Engineering

abstract:
Lateral loads on buildings, either caused by wind or seismic events, are resisted primarily by the in-plane strength and stiffness of the walls oriented parallel to the direction of the applied load. The concern associated with relying on unreinforced masonry (URM) shear walls to transfer the load to the foundation is that the typical modes of failure are characterized by brittle behaviour, with rapid decreases in capacity and very limited deformations once the ultimate load is reached.

Traditional strengthening techniques have several undesirable properties, including being labour intensive and adding weight to the structure. Past research has shown that fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement is an effective method of increasing both the strength and ductility of URM. One of the most desirable properties of FRP is that it has a high strength to weight ratio.

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the influence of surfacebonded fibreglass laminates on the sliding shear resistance of URM. The investigation was conducted in three phases:

1 Phase One: Analyzing the performance of five different test specimen shapes retrofitted with GFRP to determine the most adequate configuration for further shear slip tests. The data was also of direct use as an evaluation of strength and behaviour of FRP reinforced masonry subjected to shear-slip failure. Thirty-seven shear slip specimens were tested to failure. The average increase in shear strength ranged from 3 .1 to 7. 7 times that of the unretrofitted counterparts.

2 Phase Two: Assessing the feasibility of obtaining two sets to data from each test specimen.

3 Phase Three: Assessing the shear-slip strength and behaviour of URM reinforced with fibreglass mesh, of different weights, adhered at two different orientations to the bed joint slip planes (0°190°, ±45°) using a modified mortar parging. Twenty-one shear slip specimens were tested to failure. Typically, for any given mesh weight, orienting the fibres at ±45° resulted in failure characterized by higher strength and less ductility compared to tests with fibres oriented at 0°190° to the bed joints. At ±45° orientation, the fibres ruptured at failure. When the mesh was oriented at 0°190°, the fibres pulled out of the cement parging, which limited the strength, but enabled specimens to undergo large deformations while maintaining fairly constant residual capacity.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Sabbath, Jubilee, and the Repair of the World

contributor:
Beach, Lee
Christian Studies

subject: Sabbath

subject: Jubilee

subject: themes

subject: Israel's identity

subject: contemporary discipleship

subject: Arts and Humanities

subject: Religion

subject: Arts and Humanities

abstract: The ancient themes of Sabbath and Jubilee are woven throughout the biblical narrative and form the basis of the Israel's identity under Yahweh. Four threads in particular - the release of slaves, the forgiveness of debts, the fallowing of land, and the redistribution of capital - create the ethical backbone of God's people. These themes were amplified by the prophets and assumed by Jesus Christ himself as the content and thrust of his kingdom proclamation. Following Jesus, the early church implemented these Sabbath and Jubilee practices in their communities. Thus, the challenge today is for Christians to recapture these ancient laws as a guide to contemporary discipleship. As well, churches must be willing to envision their ministry and mission in light of this long overlooked Sabbath-Jubilee vision.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Western Individualism and the Christian Community: Towards a Faithful Expressing of Church in the West

contributor:
Beach, Lee
Divinity College

subject:
Canada
evangelicals
faith
individualism
cultural reality
impact
Arts and Humanities
Christianity
Liturgy and Worship
Religion
Arts and Humanities

abstract: As evangelicals living in Canada, we are tasked with finding a way to faithfully live out the calling of the church in our North American context. Yet as we try to do this, we are regularly faced with the cultural reality of individualism and are often influenced by it in ways that we do not fully understand. This thesis will suggest that the integration of individualism in the Western evangelical church is having a detrimental effect on our ability to create or maintain Biblical community. This thesis will examine the issue of individualism as it relates to Christian community through interviews with 15 evangelical laypersons and pastors. This thesis will also employ secondary sources in the analysis of these interviews, engaging them in dialogue with some classic and contemporary theologians of the church.

abstract: Master of Divinity (M.Div)


title: A Descriptive Chronicle of Transition from Mission to Indigenous Leadership in Two Church of Christ Institutions (Zimbabwe 1976- 1986)

contributor:
Heath, Gordon L.
Studebaker, Steven M.
Christian Studies

subject:
leadership transition
Zimbabwe
missionaries
decision-making
sense of ownership
Arts and Humanities
Religion
Arts and Humanities

abstract: This thesis chronicles the leadership transition at two institutions affiliated with the iv Church of Christ, a branch of the Stone-Campbell Movement, in Rhodesia. The two institutions- Nhowe Mission and Umtali School of Preaching-were founded by missionaries from the USA who were also managers and technocrats, with the indigenous black Zimbabweans on the periphery of strategic decision-making powers. The status quo abruptly changed between 1976 and 1977 when the volatile political landscape became hostile for the missionaries who nearly closed or sold these mission centres. The unprepared Africans pleaded for an opportunity to lead these schools. The leadership transition was successful because the indigenous men and women had a deep sense of ownership. Moreover, the political landscape, after Zimbabwe's independence, made it conducive for the indigene to lead such institutions. Furthermore, during the war of liberation, they morally and physically supported the guerrillas thereby saving the mission's fixed assets from vandalism and destruction during the war while paving its future in a free Zimbabwe.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)