title: Role of macrophage receptors in phagocytosis of erythrocytes infected with different clones of Plasmodium falciparum

contributor:
Bonazza, Sarah (author)
(Smith, Todd) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2008

abstract: Plasmodium falciparum, the protozoan parasite that causes the most lethal form of human  malaria, is responsible for the death of more than two million people each year. One  aspect of innate immunity against this parasite is the antibody-independent phagocytosis  of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (PEs) by monocytes and macrophages. A  previous study in our laboratory revealed significant variability in the efficiency of  phagocytosis of four genetically different clones of PEs by macrophages. The objective  of this project was to assess the roles of different membrane receptors potentially  involved in adherence and phagocytosis of four clones of PEs by macrophages in order to  determine if the previously observed variation in phagocytosis of different clones is  related to the receptors that are recognized by each clone. Membrane receptors (CD36,  ICAM-1, CD14, CD45, MBR) of macrophages from three human volunteers were  blocked with monoclonal antibodies, incubated with PEs for 4 hr in a phagocytosis assay,  and examined on stained cover slips and in live assays. Macrophages blocked with anti-  CD36 had a significantly lower phagocytic efficiency of all four clones when compared  with normalized controls. However, blocking with anti-CD36 decreased the phagocytic  efficiency of ITG-2F6 to a significantly greater degree than the other clones. Also, clone  ITG-2F6 was taken up with a significantly lower efficiency when blocked with anti-  MBR. Live microscopy showed that clone ITG-2F6 adhered to macrophages to a  significantly higher degree than did clone 3D7A. These results indicate that genetically  different clones of parasites adhere to macrophages via different membrane receptors  with differential affinity, and suggest that variation in parasite ligands on the surface of  infected erythrocytes mediate adherence and subsequent phagocytosis.

abstract: Biology


title: Perturbing tridiagonal M-matrices while maintaining inverse non-negativity

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor:
Kennedy, Shannon Christine (author)
(Haynes, Ronald) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

rights: The author grants permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. The author retains the copyright of the thesis.

subject: LE3 .A278 2008

abstract: An M-matrix is a special matrix with the properties that the non-diagonal entries are  all non-positive, and that its inverse is element-wise non-negative. This property of  having a non-negative inverse is one of the things that make M-matrices useful, but  what if an application yields a matrix which is very close to being an M-matrix? Can  we still say anything about its inverse? In this thesis we look at what happens to the  inverses of tridiagonal M-matrices if small perturbations are made in different areas  of the matrices, and find restrictions on the size of these perturbations such that the  inverses will remain non-negative. In Chapter 3 we find restrictions on the size of  single element perturbations. In Chapter 4 we examine the size of perturbations that  can be made to a diagonal of the matrix. We will also explore some of the numerical  techniques used to support our findings.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Synthesis of m‐nitrophenylacetate photocages

contributor:
Mattson, Celina (author)
(Lukeman, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: In this thesis, the m.nitrophenyl propionate photocage was synthesized with acetate attached. This was achieved via an 8.step procedure starting from mnitroacetophenone.  The first step was the reduction of m.nitroacetophenone to 1.(3.  nitrophenyl)ethanol by addition of NaBH4. The second step was bromination of 1.(3.  nitrophenyl)ethanol to 1.(1.bromoethyl).3.nitrobenzene by addition of PBr3. The third step was cyanide substitution to yield 2.(3.nitrophenyl)propanenitrile, which was hydrolyzed in the fourth step to yield the photocage starting material, 2.(3.  nitrophenyl)propanoic acid. This was subsequently protected as a t.butyl ester by addition of tBoc2O and t.butanol to yield tert.butyl 2.(3.nitrophenyl)propanoate. In the sixth step, paraformaldehyde was added to yield tert.butyl 3.hydroxy.2.methyl.2.(3.  nitrophenyl)propanoate. Acetate was then added in the form of acetic anhydride to yield tert.butyl 3.acetoxy.2.methyl.2.(3.nitrophenyl)propanoate. In the final step, the compound was deprotected using TiCl4 to yield the final product, 3.acetoxy.2.methyl.2.  (3.nitrophenyl)propanoic acid (m.nitrophenylacetate photocage).  m.Nitrophenylacetate photocages showed the release of acetate by photodecarboxylation with no competitive pathways. No resonance is available to the meta isomer making the release rate fast. The alkene photoproduct which results from the photoreaction is the only photoproduct seen. The fast release rate above 300 nm, with no competitive pathways, makes it ideal for use in biological systems.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Database file systems

contributor:
Bosak, Jaroslav (author)
(Benoit, Darcy) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3. A278 2009

abstract: Since the time of the earliest computers, there has been a need to store and retrieve data.  Whether this be on punch cards, tapes, magnetic or optical disks, or more recently solid state  drives, the data must be stored. While hardware has evolved signicantly, the paradigm  has not. Data is stored in files, which are stored in directories, which are then arranged  into a directory tree. Organizing the directory tree is the end user's responsibility, and the  file system is ignorant of any methodology to it. To overcome this limitation the file system  must be made smarter, educated in the ways of data organization. Databases specialize  in data storage, maintenance and retrieval, and are an excellent fit for the task. A file  system which incorporates data organization techniques from databases would no longer be  ignorant of the data stored within.  Unfortunately, combining these two technologies is no easy task; there are many prob-  lems which need to be overcome. One such problem is translating the information needed  for a file system into something usable within a database. Rather than using the traditional  directory tree, files will be tagged with metadata (some automatically generated, some user  generated). Files will then be located via this metadata, which makes for a much more  malleable approach to file organization. My research has focused on bridging the gap and  assembling a blueprint according to which a database le system could be built.

abstract: Computer Science


title: Effects of spruce bark beetle infestations on grizzly bear forage

contributor: (Bondrup-Nielsen, Soren) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: A study in the Kluane Region that ran from 1992 to 1997 found that the grizzly bear,  Ursus arctos, population may be decreasing by 3% annually. The study also found that  cubs of the year mortality rate was among the highest in North American (McCann,  1998). Where a population may be declining, the stability and availability of resources  within these bears’ ranges is critical. Consecutive warm winters and warm and dry  summers have resulted in epidemic levels of spruce beetle, Denroctonus rufipennis,  consequently reshaping the structure of over 300,000 hectares of northern boreal forest in  the southwest Yukon. This study was conducted to determine how structural changes in  the forest resulting from the spruce beetle infestation have changed forage availability for  grizzly bears. In July and August of 2008, I ran 51 vegetation transects in and around  Haines Junction, Yukon. I measured vegetation characteristics at approximately four  plots on each transect. At each plot I measured forest characteristics such as the health of  spruce trees, ground cover, abundance of grizzly bear forage species, and abundance of  berries. I used zero-inflated negative binomial models for total berries collected in  sample plots, and negative binomial models when analyzing productivity response  variables for individual short shrub species as well as mean short shrub and mean herb  cover. My data analysis largely showed that explanatory variables designed to reflect  spruce beetle infestation in sample plots were rarely correlated with productivity response  variables. However, I was able to determine that variables, such as slope or aspect (i.e.  variables not related to spruce beetle infestation), affected productivity. The impact of  spruce beetle infestation on productivity of understory plant species may force grizzly  bears to adapt to a changing ecosystem. Understanding this relationship will assist  management efforts for the Kluane grizzly bears in the future.

abstract: Biology


title: Re-narrating postmodern identities in Douglas Coupland's Generation X and the gum thief

contributor:
Iles, Caitlin M. (author)
(Saklofske, Jon) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2009

abstract: The postmodern condition is difficult to define because of its necessarily  fragmentary nature. Though interest in the study of the postmodern phenomenon  has dwindled over the past few years some of its main preoccupations and  characteristics remain relevant to literary studies today. This thesis investigates  the effects of postmodern skepticism towards metanarrative absolutes and the  fragmentation of the individual, which is caused in part by consumerism, as it is  evoked in Douglas Couplandʼs two novels: Generation X and The Gum Thief. By  looking at character and authorial case studies, this thesis will illustrate that the  narrative strategies at work in the novels are a possible solution to the  fragmentation of the individual and a possible way to re-construct personal  identity.  The result of such an analysis illustrates Couplandʼs active and evolving  engagement with Western culture, and also discovers the practical implications at  the heart of his narrative strategy. By looking at the content of the novels, their  formal designs, the contexts in which they were written, and the authorial figure  responsible for their creation, this thesis offers a layered illustration of the  tensions between the individual and consumer culture. Rather than merely  reflecting Western culture as he sees it, Coupland offers a specific strategy to  combat the fragmentation and isolation his characters endure. Therefore, this  thesis claims that these novels remain culturally relevant because of the  potentially healing aspect of the narrative practice contained within them which  gives this project practical, real-world significance.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Multimedia learning in undergraduate students: Effects of text and graphics presentation on memory

contributor:
Anderson, Julia D. (author)
(Symons, Sonya) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2007

abstract: Based on the recent influx of computers into educational settings, it is important to  determine the multimedia presentation mediums from which learners will benefit the  most. The present study examined the effects of text and graphics presentation in a  computer-based format on free recall and comprehension. A three-way comparison  between an animation with narration, a hypertext with static graphics and text  descriptions, and a PDF with static graphics and text descriptions was conducted.  Undergraduate students randomly assigned to one of the three groups viewed two onscreen  lessons detailing how lightning forms and how car brakes work followed by  completing retention and transfer tests on each topic. No significant differences in the  amount of learning were found between groups for either of the two concepts being  learned.

abstract: Psychology


title: Snowstorms, sourdoughs, and sluices: An environmental history of the Klondike Gold Rush, 1896-1900

contributor:
Longworth, Heather A. (author)
(Duke, David) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2007

abstract: The Klondike gold rush stood out from the other gold rushes prior to its time  because it took place in a unique climate where miners had to make adjustments not only  to living in the cold climate but to mining techniques as well. By studying the Klondike  gold rush from an environmental perspective, it becomes obvious that the relationship  between the people and the environment in the Klondike was two-fold: people had an  effect on the environment through mining, deforestation, and settlement, and the  environment likewise had an effect on people through the hardships of the weather and  the trails to Dawson City. These hardships challenged and changed people physically and  likely changed many internally as well. The Klondike gold rush had a lasting impact on  people as many carried the memories of the rush with them for the rest of their lives. It  had a profound impact on the environment through deforestation, diversion of water, and  the destruction caused by mining on a small scale and later on a large scale with the use  of dredges. The rush also affected the Yukon as it opened it up to white settlement,  tourism, and mining and had a huge impact on the economy.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Egg size, yolk content and gastrulation in the polychaete, Streblospio benedicti webster

contributor:
Reid, Cheryl A. (author)
(Gibson, Glenys) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2007

abstract: Gastrulation is a critical period in development where an animal’s body  plan (e.g., germ layers, body axes) is established. The objective of my study is to  investigate the influences of egg size and yolk content on gastrulation in  Streblospio benedicti, an unusual polychaete that produces eggs that are  dimorphic in size. Small eggs (~90 μm) develop into feeding, dispersive larvae  (i.e., planktotrophy) while large, yolky eggs (~110 μm) develop into non-feeding  advanced young with restricted dispersal potential (i.e., lecithotrophy). Broods of  both morphs were examined in 1 μm sections and also with scanning electron  microscopy (SEM). For the planktotrophic morph, the mouth and gut form and  are fully functional before the larva is released into the water. In the lecithotrophic  morph, the cell migration of gut formation is impeded by the amount of yolk in the  egg and thus overall gut formation is delayed. Epiboly of the ectoderm was  documented during all three stages (early, mid, late) of gastrulation for both  morphs. The formation of the mouth was not observed during gastrulation in  either morph. It is expected that the mouth and gut are not completed in  lecithotrophic morphs until after the embryos have been released into the water.  Based on the findings of this study, more information concerning this species and  the process of gastrulation will be determined which has been lacking in the past.

abstract: Biology


title: The effects of egg size on early development: An intraspecific comparison in the polychaete Streblospio benedicti Webster

contributor:
MacDonald, Kristen M. (author)
(Gibson, Glenys) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2007

abstract: Egg size and yolk content influence early larval development in the polychaete  Streblospio benedicti, a tube-dwelling marine invertebrate that produces two size classes  of eggs. Some females produce small eggs that hatch as feeding, dispersive larvae (i.e.,  planktotrophy) while others produce slightly larger eggs that hatch as advanced, nondispersive  young (i.e., lecithotrophy). My objective was: 1) to examine the  developmental morphology of planktotrophic larvae from segmentation to  metamorphosis based on bright field (live larvae and in 1μm section) and scanning  electron microscopy; and 2) compare these data to those of the lecithotrophic morph (data  collected by M. Coxhead). Relative to the lecithotrophic morphs, planktotrophic larvae  had more rapid differentiation of the three germ layers throughout larval development.  The ectoderm had greater differentiation of external structures such as swimming chaetae  and ciliary bands (prototroch, gastrotroch and telotroch), and glandular development.  Mesodermal differentiation also began earlier in the planktotrophic morph and gave rise  to bands of muscle and blood vessels. Endodermal differentiation and gut formation  occurred much earlier in the planktotrophic morph as well. These results suggest that  development in planktotrophic larvae is accelerated relative to lecithotrophic morphs  which has important consequences for supporting planktonic life with well developed  dispersal (chaetae, cilia) and feeding (gut) structures. Delayed cellular differentiation of  the lecithotrophic morph may support rapid growth, allowing the young to metamorphose  into adults immediately following release. Variation of developmental traits (i.e.,  heterochrony in morphogenesis and also allocation of energy reserves) in the two morphs generates intraspecific diversity in young, perhaps increasing availability of these traits to  natural selection.

abstract: Biology


title: Pygospio elegans: Breaking the rules of regeneration

contributor:
Hurley, Jessica L. (author)
(Gibson, Glenys) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2007

abstract: Regeneration is the ability to replace lost structures and thereby restore the  original body plan. Work on common models such as hydra and salamanders suggests  that cells within a regenerate receive positional information (e.g., anterior, ventral) from  gradients of morphogens that originate from an organizing centre. The major models also  suggest that regeneration follows two basic rules: distalization in which regeneration  occurs from proximal to distal, and intercalation, in which elements missing from within  a pattern are also restored. I am developing a new model of regeneration based on the  polychaete Pygospio elegans Webster, a worm that can regenerate both anterior (thorax  and head) and posterior structures (tail and pygidium). I tested the potential of different  body regions to either regenerate or inhibit regeneration. The results suggest a model  with both anterior and posterior organizing centres that are activated by tissue damage;  however, the potential for activation is dependent upon location within the body. While  distalization does occur, intercalation does not as the organizing centres are incapable of  regenerating the abdomen. The abdomen has the greatest potential to form an organizing  centre and this potential decreases peripherally to a lack of potential in the head and tail.  The tail appears to inhibit activation of the posterior organizing centre. Formation of the  anterior blastema suggests that morphogen gradients assign positional value to the  proliferating cells and assures high fidelity to the restoration of the entire region (61% of  original segments are replaced, n=140). A morphogen gradient model also applies to  posterior regeneration. However, once the growth zone and pygidium form, the  pygidium appears to act as a morphogen sink. At this point, posterior regeneration stops  (only 20% of the original segments were restored, n=140) and in the type of regeneration  xiv  shifts to morphallaxis. Although similar to blastema formation in salamanders in some  regards, my data show that regeneration is quite different in polychaetes and requires  further exploration to fully develop and understand this system.

abstract: Biology


title: The unfolding of souls: schooling experiences of newcomer refugee families in Nova Scotia

contributor:
AbiHanna, Rola (author)
(Aylward, M. Lynn) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract:
Schools are often the first point of contact for newcomer families where they make relational connections to their new community. This critical qualitative study examines the schooling experiences of five newcomer refugee families in Nova Scotia, relative to their acculturation processes.
Through first voice conversations with families using a critical decolonized methodology, data is generated and analyzed with In Vivo and Emotion coding to encapsulate participant reactions to real-life incidents.  My study’s findings highlight that families’ pre-and post-migration lived and schooling experiences impact their sense of belonging and acceptance in schools and communities; families have safer and more authentic intracultural relationships with people who share their culture and understanding of marginalization, than interculturally, with those who may not; families’ cultural identities and communal ways of knowing and being are recognized and affirmed by schools, they feel less isolated and acculturate better; and families use resiliency and enculturated ethnic identity to overcome barriers and other forms of discrimination.
A decolonized communal lens is applied to traditional attachment theory and the four individualized strategies presented in John Berry’s (1997) acculturation model. The result is a reimagined and enhanced theory that considers connectedness by creating conditions of cultural safety, balance, dignity, and equity for newcomers, to accurately examine their critical acculturation. Systemic change in the areas of prioritizing
teacher/student relationships, culturally responsive professional learning, and newcomer parent involvement can help the Canadian education system better welcome newcomer families in, without deliberately shutting them out.

abstract: Education


title: Diversity of fungi from marine inundated wood from the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, Canada

contributor:
Adams, Sarah J. (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Walker, Allison) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Marine fungi play an integral role in the decomposition of intertidal organic substrates but remain poorly studied in cold-water habitats. Some fungi are obligately marine; in contrast, facultative marine fungi occupy terrestrial or freshwater habitats but can survive in saltwater habitats. The biodiversity of Nova Scotian marine fungi remains under studied. Through the focus on a specific substrate, marine inundated wood located
in the intertidal zone, a consistent sampling effort was carried out during our study, which is the first of its kind in the Bay of Fundy region. The fungi associated with marine inundated wood including intertidal attached and -loose wood, and driftwood (ie. wharf posts, driftwood) found at 30 sites along the Bay of Fundy coastline were cultured and identified. Marine wood samples were collected and plated onto Artificial Saltwater Agar
containing antibiotics. 299 fungi were isolated into axenic culture and 224 of the cultures were successfully identified using ITS rDNA barcoding. 91 unique species of fungi were identified, 63 of which are new records for the Bay of Fundy, 20 species are potentially new to science, and 43 of which are the first record for the species being isolated from the marine environment. These fungal species represent 9 obligate marine fungi, with the remaining species being facultative marine fungi. Seven species of soft rot fungi, capable of decaying woody material in wet and cold environments, were observed. A comprehensive inventory and culture collection of fungi reported from the Bay of Fundy was developed and β diversity was calculated. Historical records, as well as, roles of wood type, collection location within the Bay of Fundy, and media type are discussed. Herein, I provide the first annotated checklist of fungi isolated from marine wood from the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia.


title: Middle Ordovician ironstone of North Wales, United Kingdom: sedimentologic and oceanographic evidence for a ferruginous Rheic Ocean

contributor:
Dunn, Sarah Katherine (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Pufahl, Peir) (Thesis advisor)
(Murphy, Brendan) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences

abstract:
Middle Ordovician phosphatic ironstone of the Welsh Basin provides new insight into the paleoenvironmental significance of ironstone and Ordovician ocean chemistry. Deposition occurred in a back-arc basin on the margin of Avalonia and the Rheic Ocean. Lithofacies associations indicate ironstone accumulated as part of an aggradational parasequence on a storm-dominated shelf during upwelling. Its base is a laminated pyritic
mudstone that grades upward into variably bioturbated mudstone and coated grain-rich, intraclastic ironstone, which in turn is overlain by cross-stratified grainstone composed entirely of coated grains. Coarser, clastic-
rich parasequences above suggest the top contact is a maximum flooding surface marking the onset of highstand deposition.
Upwelling from a ferruginous water mass provided a source of nutrients stimulating surface productivity, which governed bottom water redox conditions in middle and distal shelf environments. Large, ferruginous coated grains (granule size) composed of concentric and discontinuous layers of carbonate fluorapatite, hematite, and chamosite record alternating redox conditions and periodic hydrodynamic reworking. Facies containing coated grains are enriched in redox-sensitive trace metals V, Cr, and Zn corroborating sedimentologic evidence that indicates ironstone deposition was stimulated by the delivery of ferruginous seawater to the shelf.
Results support a new model of Ordovician ironstone accumulation that relies on upwelling of anoxic, Fe-rich bottom water supporting the early Paleozoic ocean was not yet fully ventilated. Thus, ironstone is a robust window into understanding important Paleozoic events that governed future environmental change.


title: Development of a controlled analysis method for quantifying the relative mercury photo-volatilization potential for soils

contributor:
Hanmore, Jillian M. (author)
(O'Driscoll, Nelson) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Mercury is a toxic element that is atmospherically transported around the Earth and deposited in remote ecosystems where it can accumulate and harm organisms. Estimates of global mercury emissions from natural sources vary widely due to a lack of quantitative data on mercury volatilization from natural surfaces. In situ volatilization measurements are time consuming, expensive, and subject to many environmental variables. Improved methods for the quantification of mercury release from soils are required in order to improve modeled emission estimates and to refine global models for the transport of mercury. A preliminary controlled analysis system for the quantification of mercury photo- volatilization potential from soils was developed and tested. The system consisted of a Tekran 2537B gaseous mercury analyzer combined with a quartz reaction cell and Rayonete photoreactor. The cumulative amount of mercury released over a 24- hour period for UV- B radiation ( 196.39 pg) was found to be almost 5 ½ times larger than for UV- A radiation ( 36.36 pg) in a 1.400 g soil sample, suggesting that UV- B radiation is much more efficient for mercury reduction. Preliminary testing involved determining the volatilization potential of mercury from an internal geological standard reference material ( QUA- 1) and Kejimkujik soil. Volatile mercury release rate constants ( k) were calculated for a series of 8 soil samples from the PH horizon with varying total mercury concentrations ( 12- 372 ng g- 1) and organic carbon content ( 1.6- 41.3%). The effects of organic carbon and total mercury content on mercury volatilization from soil were compared under UV- B radiation and mercury content was found to be the predominant variable as tested by correlation and linear regression ( Pearson’s correlation co- efficient of - 0.77; p = 0.012; linear regression R2 = 0.60; p < 0.05).

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: "Imperfect girl talk": Exploring the relationships between socio-cultural norms, disordered eating & obesity

contributor:
Urquhart, Christie S. (author)
(Mihalynuk, Tanis) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The “ ideal” female body size has become progressively smaller over the past half century while the actual female body size has progressively increased. Rates of disordered eating, or aberrant attitudes and behaviours surrounding food and weight, are also on the rise. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to examine socio- cultural factors from the female perspective that can help explain the thin ideal and obesity epidemic paradox. Following ethics approval, female university students were recruited to participate in 30 minute semi- structured interviews. Using a grounded theory approach, interviews were designed to examine women‟ s perceptions of cultural norms regarding social pressures, motivations to eat, and weight control practices. To support findings, participants filled out a brief questionnaire on basic demographic characteristics, personal attributes, and related sources of pressure. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subsequently underwent iterative coding and line by line analysis to identify emergent themes. Twenty women participated in the study with a mean age of 21.7 ± 2.8 years and a mean BMI of 24.1 ± 4.8 kg/ m2. The main theme identified was gender differences in socio- cultural norms. There were five other underlying themes: “ perfect” expectations, searching for balance, fear of judgement, food as a guilty pleasure, and dieting as ignorant and futile. The main sources of pressure regarding body size, shape, or both were determined to be women themselves and the general media. This study provides insight into some of the mechanisms that may help explain the cultural weight paradox such as fear of obesity, conventional dieting, dichotomous thinking, and stress- induced overeating. These findings provide support that obesity and disordered eating interventions would benefit from integrated and gender- specific approaches to their prevention and treatment.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: Dangerous women: Karla Homolka, Penny Boudreau and the patriarchal reasons behind their crimes

contributor:
West, Sarah (author)
(Moore, Barbara) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This thesis examines the cases of two Canadian female criminals Penny Boudreau and Karla Homolka. Boudreau and Homolka are women who have been defined as both sociopathic and psychopathic. Both women were responsible for the torture and murder of someone in their immediate families. The central question that will be explored in this thesis is, does patriarchy contribute to the crimes Homolka and Boudreau committed? In order to find the answer to the central question, I used 1) content analysis and secondary analysis; 2) theories of feminism and criminology; 3) analysis of popular culture materials.  Maria Mies and Catherine MacKinnon are two feminist theorists whose knowledge of patriarchal society contributed to this thesis. It is important to understand and explain why women will go to such lengths as murder to maintain a romantic, heterosexual relationship. Many women are under the impression that their lives are not complete unless they are one half of a heterosexual couple. Some women who are single believe they have not truly lived until they have experienced heterosexual love. Societal organizations are responsible for these thoughts by women about how life should be lived. This thesis ends with suggestions for further research.

abstract: Sociology


title: Ecology and the escape from empire:: An examination of the prospects for an environmental revolution under postmodern conditions

contributor:
Ledgerwood, Graham B. (author)
(Biro, Andrew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This thesis argues that as a result of climate change and resource depletion there may someday be a need for a rapidly implementable plan that allows society to quickly, and radically, redefine its interactions with the environment— an environmental revolution. This thesis attempts to answer the question: „ What form might an environmental revolution take?‟ This thesis also explores the corollary to this question: „ How might an environmental revolution be brought about?‟  In the chapters that follow, three accounts of revolution are provided— by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Hannah Arendt, and Herbert Marcuse— in the hope that prospects for an environmental revolution can be found. While each theory provides unique possibilities for emancipation, each theory also reveals unique problems stifling revolution as well. It is argued that the best possibility for environmental revolution can be found in some combination of the theories.  In the conclusion, it is maintained that environmental revolution requires attempting to get outside the postmodern system that limits and structures current interaction with the environment. Marcuse argues that the possibility of a group existing outside society presupposes the existence of a radical consciousness based on a truer approximation of biological nature.  With this new form of consciousness it is speculated that we would be able to live in an environmentally sustainable manner. This new form of radical consciousness would allow for a more „ genuine‟ relationship with the environment. In turn, this would allow for a new kind of freedom and a fuller realization of human capabilities. It is the realization of this promise that would lead to environmental revolution en masse. 1

abstract: Politics


title: Chocolate milk as a recovery aid from fatiguing exercise

contributor:
Barron, Brittany (author)
(Fowles, Jonathon) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Involvement in high performance sport requires athletes to consistently train at increasing intensities and strain their bodies‟ ability to recover. Fatigue results from intense exercise and is detrimental to performance. Therefore, to improve sports performance, athletes and coaches are continually searching for strategies to reduce the effects of fatigue and enhance recovery. Athletes often use nutritional interventions to recover from fatiguing exercise, especially during multiple training bouts in one day ( e. g. training camp). A review of the available literature has indicated that carbohydrates and proteins are commonly used to recover from multiple training bouts in one day. The combination of both carbohydrates and proteins during recovery improves muscle glycogen resynthesis, protein synthesis, and performance on successive endurance exercise bouts. Recently, chocolate milk has been explored as an exercise recovery aid due to its favourable balance of carbohydrates and protein. It has been shown to improve endurance performance for successive exercise bouts. However, it has not been looked at in the context of high intensity exercise including stretch- shortening cycle and eccentric movements, which cause muscle damage and fatigue that are common in most team sports. This study examined the use of chocolate milk as a recovery aid from high- intensity exercise for same day and following day performance, to mimic a training camp scenario. We observed that chocolate milk can be used as an exercise recovery aid by athletes for high intensity combined with aerobic and plyometric exercise. Although performance differences were small, elite athletes must focus on strategies which will give them a slight edge on competitors. Future research should explore the repeated use of chocolate milk as an exercise recovery

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Sex-bias, inheritance, and age-related changes in immuity of a long-lived seabird, Leach's storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa)

contributor:
Vaasjo, Emma J. (author)
(Shutler, Dave) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Recently, evolutionary biologists have become interested in how animals devote their limited energy resources to immunocompetence ( immune system strength). Polygamous species and species with sexual dimorphism can have sex- biased immune responses; however, less is known about sex- bias in monogamous or monomorphic species. Juveniles are also assumed to have lower immunocompetence than adults due to costs of development. However, once an individual reaches maturity, little is known about how immunocompetence fluctuates over their lifetime. Leach’s storm- petrel ( Oceanodroma leucorhoa; hereafter petrel) is a monogamous, monomorphic, long- lived species that often returns to the same nest site each year, and is an ideal species to examine these questions. I tested whether immunocompetence in petrels changes over time ( using previously banded birds that had their immunocompetence assessed in 2008), whether parental immunocompetence predicts that of their chicks, and whether there is a sex- bias in immunocompetence. On Bon Portage Island, Nova Scotia between May and September 2009, birds were removed from burrows by hand, measured, weighed, banded, and blood- sampled for sexing and for assaying immunocompetence. In the lab, I used PCR and gel electrophoresis for molecular sexing and tested for levels of natural antibodies and complement ( aspects of the innate immune system) using a hemolysis- hemagglutination assay. Results suggest that adults have a stronger immune response than chicks, that there is no sex- bias in immune response in Leach’s storm- petrels, and that there is no correlation in immune function between chicks and their parents.

abstract: Biology


title: Human nature in international relations: A theoretical investigation

contributor:
Cones, Nigel (author)
(Grieve, Malcolm) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The objective of this thesis is to investigate the use of concepts of human nature within International Relations and to compare the human nature claims or assumptions of each major International Relations theoretical tradition – Realism, Idealism and Liberalism, and Marxism and Constructivism – with a Darwinian or sociobiological view of human nature. The project is premised on the idea that a human nature claim or assumption has an impact on the broader policy prescriptions or analyses of an IR theory, and that evolutionary theory can add to the study of politics, IR included. After developing a biopolitical framework as a lens through which to analyze politics, where political behaviour is seen as an evolutionarily adaptive social behavior, heavily influenced by the ideas of evolutionary psychology and the modular theory of the brain, the thesis will proceed to contrast and compare this model of human nature to the claims or assumptions that permeate IR theory.  Classical Realism, with an egoistic and power- hungry human nature posited as the driving force behind state behaviour, will be found to have accurate elements, such as war being an ancient and biologically influenced part of human existence, combined with an inaccurate focus on an asocial, uncooperative human nature. Structural Realism, where the structural distribution of power in the world system determines state behaviour, ignores implicit human nature assumptions that the theory relies on to be sensible. Human nature as found in Idealism and Liberalism balances out the aggressive, ‘ groupish,’ status- seeking image of human nature in the Realist frame, while providing an evolutionary basis for cooperation, altruism, and trust through reciprocal exchange. Marxism’s human nature assumptions are based on a Lamarckian model of human nature that is no longer tenable, while Constructivism’s focus on an overly malleable human nature ignores the evolutionary heritage of humanity’s past in influencing our behavior

abstract: Politics


title: Analysis and sequence determination of the of the control region in the mitochondrial genome of Mytilidae mussels exhibiting doubly uniparental inheritance; specifically in Modiolus modiolus & Mytillus edulis

contributor:
Bel, Lauren M. Del (author)
(Stewart, Donald) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Certain species of marine mussels, specifically those in the Mytilus genus, have been found to exhibit a unique system of mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) inheritance. Instead of the typical exclusive maternal mtDNA inheritance found in most animals, these mussels possess an alternative method of inheritance, involving paternal as well as maternal inheritance. Mytilus species have two distinct mitochondrial genomes, known as the F genome ( maternal) and the M genome ( paternal). These two genomes are inherited independently; therefore, the system of inheritance is known as doubly uniparental inheritance ( DUI). The Mytilus genome is 17kb long, it codes for 13 proteins and it has five unassigned regions, one of which is hypothesized to be the control region. The F and M genomes are highly divergent within a population; however, every once in a while the F genome can assume the role of the M genome and be passed through the paternal line. This is referred to as a masculinization event and it results in a recently masculinized ( RM) genome. During a masculinization event, recombination creates a “ chimeric” RM genome which has a duplicated control region of F and M origin. It has been suggested that this M control region ( or at least part of it) is homologous in all male Mytilidae mussels, that it plays a critical role in the mechanism behind the DUI system and that it may influence sex determination. The goal of this project was to amplify and sequence the control region in Modiolus modiolus ( a close relative of Mytilus spp.) and in RM Mytilus edulis to see if this hypothesis is supported. The approach for these two species was similar. For M. modiolus, universal primers for CytB and 16S were used to amplify these respective genes through polymerase chain reaction ( PCR). The PCR products were sent to the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center for sequencing and the resulting sequences were aligned. Sex- specific primers were developed for the CytB and 16S genes flanking the control region. These flanking primers were then applied to M. modiolus, along with other primer combinations, 2  to amplify the control region. For RM M. edulis, 16S forward and CytB reverse primers were available for PCR amplification. The PCR product was inserted into a plasmid vector, cloned and then sequenced. Using ClustalW Alignment, the resulting sequence was found to align closely with the control region of Mytilus species. Primers were created from the highly conserved regions of the RM sequence alignment and have been tested on the RM M. edulis males. The control region amplifications for both of these species produced visible bands of the appropriate size; however, sequencing results were relatively inconclusive, thus further amplification, cloning and sequencing must be done.

abstract: Biology


title: Is feminism outdated?: An examination of societal roles of women in popular films

contributor:
Cullen, Emma (author)
(Pyrcz, Greg) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This thesis examines the role that feminism can occupy in modern popular culture. I argue that within pop culture, specifically films directed towards women, feminism is presented as being outdated. This idea is called post- feminism. The purpose of this is to assert that the goals of feminism are outdated and no longer necessary in modern society. I assert that, within contemporary culture, the ideals of feminism are being subverted in order to further the idea that women should embrace traditional desires, such as marriage and families, over other personal or career desires. This thesis argues that this message is sent to the masses through films. Films are an important medium within culture, as in order to be successful and resonate with the audience, they must contain a relevant message about society.  This thesis examines the post- feminism movement within films that are specifically directed towards women, referred to as chick flicks. The two films examined within this thesis are Sex and the City: the Movie ( 2008) and The Proposal ( 2009). These films are ones with a female protagonist in an overtly emotional storyline. I argue that the presence of post- feminism within these films ultimately encourages women to abandon the ideals of feminism.

abstract: Politics


title: Where is Daddy?: The visual portrayal of fatherhood in modern parenting magazines from 1994-2010

contributor:
Macdonald, Amy (author)
(Rippeyoung, Phyllis) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: By analyzing the media‟ s portrayal of fathers in modern Canadian society over the last 15 years, this thesis examines the role of Western media in its depiction of the father role, and its subsequent impact on Western society‟ s working ideology of fatherhood. Today’s Parent magazine, established in 1984, was selected for in- depth analysis because it is Canada‟ s primary national parenting magazine ( read by 1.8 million Canadians each month); is published frequently ( 12 times per year on a monthly basis); and contains a gender- neutral title which implies that its content is applicable to all parents, regardless of gender, race, sexual orientation, or economic class.  In my analysis, I adopt elements of Marxist theory which argues that the parenting magazines promoting these family lifestyles are an important part of the superstructure used to reinforce the class system and elements of Feminist theory which argues that gendered divisions are so heavily promoted in parenting magazines because they benefit men, thus ensuring a continued standard of divided gender roles and responsibilities, as well as the inevitable continuation of female subjugation. My primary goal was to determine whether or not the magazine‟ s visual portrayal of fatherhood has changed over the allotted time period. After conducting my own methodological research, I found that fathers continue to be visually underrepresented and stereotyped based on the ages of the children presented with them as well as the activities they are involved in. The magazine continues to propagate perceived norms and stereotypes regarding gendered parenting roles, with the majority of its visual content directed at the assumed interests of women/ mothers rather than men/ fathers.

abstract: Sociology


title: The changing relationship between humans and machines in Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

contributor:
Wilkinson, Bradley D. (author)
(La Rocque, Lance) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This thesis is an exploration of N. Katherine Hayles‘ ― Posthumanism,‖ and Martin Heidegger‘ s call for a more open relationship with technology, as applied to the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, by Philip K. Dick. This novel in particular exhibits the posthuman condition, as described by Hayles in her text How We Became Posthuman: the human characters, as well as the android ones, are ― posthuman subjects,‖ as Hayles describes them. Furthermore, Martin Heidegger, in his essay ― The Question Concerning Technology,‖ describes his view of the way that humans relate to technology; as a means to an anthropocentric end. In Dick‘ s novel, the humans have an attitude towards technology that is quite similar to the one Heidegger outlines, and in which the human characters must re- assess how they see themselves as distinct from machines, in a world rampant with technologies that threaten an autonomous humanity. Yet, through the progress in the novel, the protagonist undergoes a change from this attitude towards a more open relationship with technology. This new attitude towards technology is what both Hayles and Heidegger hope for in the conclusions of both their writings. The first chapter addresses ways in which the novel exhibits characteristics outlined by both Hayles and Heidegger, in particular how traditional boundaries between biological human life and programmed machine life are compromised. The second chapter outlines the way in which the protagonist undergoes his shift of attitude, and the crucial role that sexual desire towards an android body plays in this shift, followed by a short discussion of how the film adaptation Blade Runner explores these same themes. The third, concluding chapter, is an attempt to show how the concerns in the novel, as suggested by Hayles and Heidegger‘ s theories, relate to how humans today relate to vi  technology, suggesting that perhaps a shift similar to that in the novel would be a beneficial one for all of humanity.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Anomalous zinc concentrations in the West Barneys River area, Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Idris, Harun Alrashid Mohamad (author)
(Stanley, Cliff) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This study investigates the association between a Proterozoic granitoid intrusion and anomalous Zn concentrations in soil in the West Barneys River area, Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia. Samples from this intrusion exhibit Zn concentrations up to 352 ppm, far exceeding the average granitoid Zn concentration of 60 ppm. Two geological surveys were undertaken to determine the source of the anomalous Zn. First, a ground magnetometer survey was undertaken to constrain the distribution of the four variably magnetic units comprising the intrusion: ( i) fine- grained alkali feldspar granite, ( ii) coarse- grained granophyric perthitic orthoclase granite, ( iii) coarse- grained quartz- alkali feldspar syenite, and ( iv) medium- grained gabbro. The magnetometer survey identified locations of highly magnetic units, and the boundaries of the intrusion. Second, because of sparse outcrop, a soil ( instead of rock) geochemical survey was carried out to determine the locations of anomalous Zn concentrations. The geochemical survey involved 320 samples sieved to - 177 μm and analyzed by aqua regia/ ICP- MS. Soil Zn concentrations exhibit a mean of 189 ppm, but range up to 1,094 ppm, and thus far exceed the global average concentration of Zn in soils ( 50 ppm). A comparison of the results of these two surveys provides insight into the spatial relationship of Zn concentrations and intrusive rocks. Anomalous soil Zn concentrations most commonly occur in or adjacent to West Barneys River in the western part of study area, an area underlain by the coarse- grained quartz- alkali feldspar syenite and fine- grained alkali feldspar granite phases. This constrains where additional research into the cause of the anomalous Zn concentrations should be undertaken.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Engineers of the human soul: The Russian avant-garde in the 1920s

contributor:
Gates, Sarah (author)
(Duke, David) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The 1920s were a remarkable decade for the USSR. After emerging from the October Revolution and the horrors of the Civil War, the tasks of socialist construction lay ahead. The artistic avant- garde produced art which was meant to inspire the masses and guide them towards the fulfillment of socialism. Realizing the didactic power of the artistic avant- garde, the Party began courting various groups of artists and commissioned them to produce “ agitational art”- posters, plays, and easel art containing revolutionary messages. The artists saw themselves as the ultimate Marxists, spare in their art and implacable in their didactic leadership of the masses. Beginning in 1923, a shift in avant- garde thought occurred: agitational art remained important, but it was carried in new directions in order to change the material basis of life inside the young USSR. By entering the field of production, the Constructivist avant- garde produced items for mass distribution with the intent of changing the proletariat’s attitude toward material goods. After Lenin’s death and the ascendancy of Stalin, the role of the artist gradually changed: the artist- constructor of the 1920s was replaced by the artist- advertiser. Easel art and installation art were replaced by the photomontage. This return to realism was cemented into official policy by 1932: the non- objective art of the 1920s was no longer acceptable to the Party. Henceforth the Soviet artistic community could only represent the idealized vision of Stalinist progress, and could only do so via the sterile genre of socialist realism.

abstract: History & Classics


title: An ERP investigation of probe display manipulations

contributor:
Clairo, Amandine (author)
(Bleile, Karmen) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The current study used event- related potential ( ERP) methods with Milliken et al.‟ s ( 1998) single prime procedure to examine the cognitive mechanisms responsible for negative and positive priming effects. In Experiment 1, the pattern of qualitatively different priming effects found previously with this paradigm was observed when response modality was changed from vocal response to keypress. In Experiment 2, the same behavioural task was used in addition to ERP data acquisition. The behavioural results of Experiment 2 did not reach significance, but two ERP responses, the N200 and the P300, did emerge. The N200 was largest for selection trials and the P300 was largest for no- selection trials. Unlike previous studies, these ERP responses were not mediated by repetition. Nevertheless, these results suggest that using the single- prime procedure with ERP recording methods may prove valuable in simplifying the experimental procedure of future studies.

abstract: Psychology


title: Relaxin in the ovary of Fundulus heteroclitus and its role in follicular cell proliferation

contributor:
Clements-Sweeney, Crystal (author)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Relaxin, a hormone discovered in 1926 by Frederick L. Hisaw, belongs to the family of insulin- like peptides and has been found to be involved in such mammalian female reproductive processes as follicular growth and ovulation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the possible expression of various relaxin peptides in the ovary of killifish ( Fundulus heteroclitus) and to study the effect of relaxin on cell proliferation in developing killifish ovarian follicles. Total RNA was extracted from killifish ovarian tissue and used to synthesize cDNA; the cDNA in turn was subjected to RT- PCR using primers constructed based on sequences of known teleost relaxin peptides. In addition, two groups of killifish ovarian follicles ( control and treatment) were harvested and separated into five growth stages; follicles of the treatment group were incubated overnight in a solution containing human relaxin. All samples were embedded in paraffin, mounted on slides and observed for cell proliferation using a BrdU staining kit. BrdU acts as a thymidine analogue and is incorporated into the DNA of dividing cells. Sites of BrdU incorporation are identified using specific monoclonal antibodies which are subsequently detected in processed tissue as blue- black stain. The relaxin peptide, TelRLN3b ( formerly termed rln3b) was expressed in the killifish ovary whereas TelINSL3 ( formerly known as insl3) was not. The presence of relaxin in the killifish ovary may suggest a reproductive function such as the promotion of follicular cell proliferation. However, analyses of BrdU staining in this study do not support this hypothesis.

abstract: Biology


title: Argentine citizenship: Changes from above and below

contributor:
Turner, Julia (author)
(Brickner, Rachel) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the forces that have shaped Argentine  citizenship since democratization in 1983. It will be argued that two separate but related  processes, one from ‘ above’ and one from ‘ below’, have impacted Argentine citizenship.  The terms of citizenship that defined what it meant to be a citizen were altered unevenly  by the state, while citizen movements that rejected these definitions were generated from  below. By examining government economic policy, constitutional reforms and external  economic forces in the 1980s and 1990s, it will be demonstrated that the state attempted  to create a type of citizenship consistent with both neoliberal and elitist models. The  measures taken by autonomous new actors in civil society in the 1990s and early 2000s  will then be explored in order to demonstrate the emergence of a force antagonistic to the  state. The ways in which the new civil society actors combated the neoliberal and elitist  models, exposed a crisis of representation and articulated citizen dissatisfaction with the  erosion of social citizenship benefits will also be demonstrated. To conclude, this thesis  analyses some of the political, social and economic changes that have occurred under  both Kirchner presidencies and how these changes were driven by the two processes.

abstract: Politics


title: The language of fear: An examination of human rights discourse in Argentina's Dirty War

contributor:
Stewart, Jeneba (author)
(Brickner, Rachel) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This thesis is an examination of how the military government in Argentina used a human rights discourse to justify their ― Dirty War‖ ( 1976- 1983). This thesis shows that through the emergence of specific conditions including the state‘ s creation of a war discourse and a criminal ― Other,‖ and their use of clever political framing, a human rights discourse appears as a justification tool for any violent actions undertaken by a government during a state of war. Therefore, the main argument formulated throughout this thesis is that, through the specific use of political language and framing, human rights discourses can be used in a way which allows them to be easily violated and thus perform the opposite of what they claim, resulting in a further erosion of the language and reality of human rights.

abstract: Politics


title: Slippery fish: West Africa's ogbanje in Elleke Boehmer's Nile Baby

contributor:
Wilkings, Ann M. (author)
(Vincent, Kerry) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This thesis explores Western representations of Africa, and the extent to which  these representations continue to perpetuate notions of Western authority. Elleke  Boehmer’s recent novel, Nile Baby, allows a narrowed investigation of this extensive  topic with its adaptation of the traditional West African figure of the ogbanje. The  ogbanje is a repeater child who exists on the threshold between the human and spirit  worlds, resulting in a continuous cycle of death and rebirth to the same mother.  Although rooted in West African oral tradition, this figure, as a literary trope, has been  adapted into written dialogue to inform broader social and political issues that govern  the colonial and postcolonial world. Entering into this dialogue is non- West African  postcolonial theorist and fiction writer, Elleke Boehmer, whose critical work illustrates  a consciousness of Western assumed cultural centrality. This awareness elicits the  question: what is Boehmer’s purpose in adapting the traditional West African figure of  the ogbanje, and is she able to avoid its misappropriation? I argue that Boehmer’s ogbanje  acts as a vehicle to inform issues of liminality and diaspora in a postcolonial Britain.  Postcolonial theory from Homi K. Bhabha, Stuart Hall, as well as Boehmer’s own  scholarly work are applied to investigate these issues. As the ogbanje moves through the  narrative, it connects Boehmer’s diverse characters and uncovers a long embedded  history of Africa in England. This intercultural connected history exposes the fallacy of  Britain as a homogenous nation–– a notion that dominates the European literary canon.  In revealing this fallacy, Boehmer successfully undercuts assumed Western centrality.  Consequently, her appropriation of the West African literary trope of the ogbanje  connects rather than distances the Third world to the First, and thus, evades  misappropriation.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Attachment styles and coping styles as they predict psychological well-being: Comparing adolescents and adults

contributor:
MacAulay, Jenna K. (author)
(Price, E. Lisa) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Previous research has found relationships between attachment, coping and psychological  well- being, however the patterns observed in adolescents and adults have not been  compared. Additionally, little research has examined attachment as a moderator of the  effects of coping on psychological well- being. One hundred and eighteen adolescents  ( ages 17 to 19) who were undergraduate students and 296 adults ( ages 21 to 60)  completed questionnaires assessing attachment styles, general coping techniques, and  levels of depression and anxiety. Overall trends showed that adult attachment more  consistently predicted coping techniques and psychological well- being than adolescent  attachment. Additionally, adolescent methods of coping showed little relationship to  psychological well- being, whereas adult coping showed significant relationships with  psychological well- being. In adults, attachment anxiety moderated the effect of emotional  support- seeking coping on psychological well- being.

abstract: Psychology


title: Response of the shade-tolerant species, Acer saccharum and Myosotis sylvatica, versus the shade-intolerant species, Chenopodium album, to elevated carbon dioxide

contributor:
Moores, Kelly D. (author)
(Reekie, Edward) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The current rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration will have a direct positive effect on plant growth in that CO2 is a substrate of photosynthesis. The extent to which elevated CO2 enhances plant growth varies widely among species and environments. This research attempts to explain some of this variation by examining the effect of CO2 on representative shade- tolerant and - intolerant species. Plants preferentially absorb red light so plants grown in shade experience a low ratio of red to far- red light ( R: FR). R: FR is used as a developmental signal by plants. When grown in a low R: FR shade- intolerant plants grow tall and thin to avoid the shade of competitors. We hypothesize that a shade- intolerant plant will not respond as well to elevated CO2 at a low R: FR as a shade tolerant species because it will attempt to avoid shade by increasing allocation to height growth at the expense of roots. This will cause nitrogen and other mineral resources to become limited reducing response to elevated CO2. Plants were grown in growth chambers at ambient ( 380 ppm) elevated CO2 ( 760 ppm). Within each chamber pots were arranged under far- red and incandescent lamps to achieve a range of R: FR values that simulated full sun and shade light conditions. As predicted, the growth response of the shade- tolerant species to elevated CO2 was greater at a high R: FR than at a low R: FR, while the response of the shade tolerant species did not vary with R: FR. However, R: FR had no significant effect on root allocation. We conclude that although shade- tolerant and shade- intolerant species do differ in their response to elevated CO2, the mechanism behind this response is unclear.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Columbia: The political economy of fascist development

contributor:
Hattie, Nicole (author)
(Sacouman, Jim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This thesis examines how contemporary Colombia is a fascist state, through the  explanation of five key definitions of fascism, as outlined by Michael Mann. The work  analyses the terminology and the existence of far right reactionism in Colombia by giving  direct examples of nationalism, statism, transcendence, cleansing and paramilitarism, as  they currently apply therein. Colombia has an overwhelmingly high rate of human rights  violations. These violations are carried out primarily by paramilitaries, which are aided  by US military and national security forces and are regularly covered up by the legal  system. Almost any opposition of the government is met with authoritarian  consequences. Any form of resistance to the state and its facilitation of neoliberal  capitalism has been criminalized. The current government has deemed the majority of  the population to be terrorists or some variation of an internal enemy. Even non-governmental  organizations from outside the country are deemed as such. A larger  percentage of the population is living in dire poverty and many do not have running  water, sanitary living conditions or electricity. Despite the assumption that life could not  get worse, there is a massive dispossession rate, so those who have very little often end  up with nothing at all.

abstract: Sociology


title: Unbottling lies: The success of bottled water in North America

contributor:
Vervaeke, Alison (author)
(Brittain, James) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Three theoretical positions are crucial in thoroughly understanding how bottled  water has become an incredibly successful and profitable industry in North America.  Enclosure of the Commons demonstrates how corporations have physically accessed  community water sources and justified seizure with discourse of pro- privatization theory.  Social governance explores the willingness of citizens to purchase a market commodity  in order to remedy social, political and environmental problems created by global  capitalism. Commodity fetishism dissects consumer perception and behaviour in order to  highlight how geographical distance and the complexity of production chains have  destroyed a consumer‟ s ability to make informed consumption decisions. Finally, the  integral role of the state in facilitating corporate expansion into the provision of essential  services, on a for- profit basis, will summarize the multitude of struggles against global  capitalism symbolized within a seemingly benign commodity.

abstract: Sociology


title: The wages of theism: Scepticism and depravity

contributor:
Harrop, Matthew Morgan (author)
(Maitzen, Stephen) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Historically, philosophers and theologians have argued for what remains a popular position— the view that atheism threatens morality and even knowledge. Contrary to historical custom and popular sentiment, I argue that morality and knowledge are actually threatened by theism. Throughout my thesis, I use ― theism‖ to refer to the proposition that an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent God exists. Theists believe in the existence of God, while also commonly believing in the existence of heaven and the notion that we will ultimately be rewarded or punished depending on how laudable or blameworthy our earthly deeds are. I arrive at my conclusion— that theism threatens morality and knowledge— via four distinct, but related, arguments. My first argument attempts to show that theism‘ s explanation of the wrongness of killing heaven- bound victims clashes with our ordinary moral intuitions. My second argument tries to force theists to admit that their beliefs imply either the impossibility of altruism and laudable self- sacrifice or the dissolution of our ordinary conception of morality. My third argument is based on the premise that theism implies the existence of libertarian free will. It concludes that theism once again comes into conflict with our ordinary moral practice and commitments. My fourth argument moves from morality to epistemology by arguing that, given the popular theory of epistemic contextualism, theists cannot accurately claim knowledge of the external- world for themselves or others. By combining these four arguments, I hope to repel both historical and popular criticism of atheists by showing that theists, not atheists, ought to bear the burden of explaining unacceptable moral and epistemological consequences.

abstract: Philosophy


title: Eradicating widow inheritance: A comparative study of formal and informal representation of women in Ghana

contributor: Ochola, Rahel Rosa Nerea Anyango (author)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: For decades the practice of widow inheritance has disadvantaged many women in sub- Saharan Africa. This tradition mandates that a deceased man's wife, children and property be inherited by his brother or other male relative, with the exception of his father, resulting in the loss of the widow's right to her property and even her own physical being. In Ghana, several women in both formal and informal leadership roles, such as elected officials and Queen Mothers respectively, have been working together to not only outlaw this practice in state legislation, but also eradicate its oppressive traditional roots. However, it is questionable as to who is the better representative for women in Ghana, their female elected members of parliament or their culturally respected Queen Mothers.  I begin by addressing the political theory of representation that I have applied to this case. Next, I will cover women's roles and status in Ghana, as the country developed through the pre- colonial, colonial, independence and postcolonial eras. For my case study, I take the Gender Studies and Human Rights Documentation Centre ( the Gender Center), a non- governmental organization that is currently involved in the movement to outlaw the practice of widow inheritance. The Gender Centre, like many other of its partner organizations, has realized that the route to effecting social change is within the cultural leaders, and not state legislation. I illustrate this by giving the example of the failure of the law banning female genital cutting. Many Ghanaians still practice this tradition away from the public eye, despite its interdiction by state mandate, where the cultural and religious leaders consider it a necessary rite. This shows that cultural leaders sometimes have more authority than state mandate regarding which rules Ghanaians viii  should follow. I then conclude that the Queen Mothers are more capable of representing women and influencing social change, in this case the outlawing of widow inheritance, than female officials elected to Parliament.

abstract: Politics


title: Petrology and tectonic setting of mafic dykes in the Boisdale Hills,  Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Stevens, Christopher D. (author)
(Barr, Sandra) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Mafic dykes occur throughout ca. 560 Ma granitoid plutons and their host rocks in the Boisdale Hills of south- central Cape Breton Island. Based on this study of the petrology and chemistry of 28 samples from throughout the area, the dykes are divided into four types: ( 1) clinopyroxene- bearing, accompanied by plagioclase and in some cases embayed quartz; ( 2) amphibole- bearing, accompanied by plagioclase and small amounts of relict pyroxene and quartz; ( 3) plagioclase- rich, typically with sericitized plagioclase phenocrysts and amygdales filled with secondary chlorite and calcite; ( 4) intensely altered ( sericitized) dykes, likely related to the plagioclase- rich dykes. All four types contain secondary minerals including both Fe- and Mg- rich chlorite, epidote, calcite, sericite and saussurite. Mineral analyses by electron microprobe in types 1- 3 yielded plagioclase compositions in the range An13- 45 and showed that the pyroxene is diopside in type 1 and augite in type 2 with about 2% TiO2. In amphibole- bearing dykes, the amphibole includes both magnesio- hornblende and secondary actinolite. Whole- rock chemical analyses show some scatter, especially in mobile elements as a result of alteration, but most data suggest tholeiitic affinity and emplacement in a within- plate tectonic setting. The dykes are petrographically and chemically similar to Middle Cambrian volcanic rocks of the adjacent fault- bounded Bourinot belt, and were likely related to that volcanic episode. Hence the Bourinot belt is not allochthonous relative to the Bras d’Or terrane as has been previously suggested. The dykes show less similarity to mafic dykes in ca. 620 Ma volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Sporting Mountain area in the Mira terrane, which have more arc- like characteristics. However, they are similar to Devonian mafic dykes of the Creignish Hills, probably because they formed in the same tectonic setting.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: An investigation of host preference and attraction cues in Culex territans and Culex pipiens

contributor:
McIntyre, Emma L. I. (author)
(Smith, Todd) (Thesis advisor)
(Hillier, Kirk) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Female mosquitoes require blood from a host to obtain nutrients required for egg  production; thus, an important part of the mosquito life cycle is locating a suitable  vertebrate host. Previous studies have examined the aspects of humans that  mosquitoes find attractive. However, many species of mosquitoes do not feed on  humans exclusively, but rather prefer to feed on birds, snakes, frogs, or other  mammals. Two species of mosquito found in Nova Scotia, Culex territans and Culex  pipiens, have been reported to feed on green frogs and garter snakes, respectively,  and transmit malaria‐ like parasites among their hosts. The first objective of this  study was to investigate the ectothermic host preferences of both C. territans and C.  pipiens, and the second objective was to investigate compounds produced by the  frogs and snakes that attract these mosquitoes. A glass tube in the shape of a Y ( a Y‐tube)  was used to determine mosquito preference for either of two stimuli. Stimuli,  including live frogs and snakes, skin swabs of frogs and snakes, urea, uric acid,  humidity and CO2, were placed in the arms of the Y‐ tube, and a mosquito introduced  into the stem of the Y‐ tube was allowed to fly upwind and choose between the two  stimuli. Results suggest that C. territans prefers a snake as a host and C. pipiens  prefers a frog, although statistical analysis has not shown these preferences to be  significant. Results on cues that attract C. territans were inconclusive. Culex pipiens  appears to respond to CO2 as an attractant, but this response was not statistically  significant. Discovery of host preferences and attraction cues in these species could  broaden our understanding of the role these mosquitoes play in the transmission of  malaria‐ like pathogens among frogs and snakes.

abstract: Biology


title: Drink, drank, drunk!  The culture of drinking at Acadia: An ethnographic excursion

contributor:
Hutchinson, Jessica (author)
(Powers, Ann Marie) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This thesis explores and examines Acadia University‘ s drinking culture  autoethnographically and through subcultures based on age, sex and athletic status. In  doing so, an explanation for how and why students use alcohol in the way that they do  can be understood. Additionally, research examines whether or not Acadia possesses a  particular drinking culture on its campus.  Findings indicate that there is a drinking culture present at on Acadia University‘ s  campus. The creation of a drinking culture can be attributed to informal activities like  house parties or more formal events that are part of student traditions and are organized  as part of campus life. Both males and females were found to drink alcohol, and to self-identify  as binge drinkers. There were no major differences found between athletes and  non- athletes in terms of drinking habits, aside from athletes displaying more seasonal  patterns of binge drinking. Students in every year of study, 1 st through 4 th were identified  as student- drinkers, but students identified their 1 st year male sub- group as the being the  group of ‗ biggest drinkers‘.  Future research suggestions in this thesis include: the examination of the student  population both academically and physiologically to further understand the extent of  possible harmful consequences associated with Acadia‘ s drinking culture. As well,  further research on the effects of the drinking habits of sub- groups with the suggestion of  possible remedies for the negative consequences that come from binge drinking should be  taken into consideration.

abstract: Sociology


title: Heterosexism in medicine: Lesbians' access to and quality of healthcare

contributor:
Banfield, Hannah (author)
(Abramson, Zelda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: In this thesis, I ask whether lesbians have equal access to healthcare and whether  the healthcare they receive is in an environment of respect, free from discrimination. I  use data gathered from various scholarly texts and journals to explore women and  medicine in history, women and medicine in the new millennium, heterosexism in  medicine, lesbians and gynecological care, and lesbians and pregnancy. Looking through  a lens of feminist standpoint theory, I conduct four semi- structured interviews with  lesbian women in Nova Scotia to explore their experiences in healthcare. The interviews  dissect a variety of themes, including medicine‟ s assumption of heterosexuality,  physician sensitivity, the effects of patient perception, and healthcare decision- making.  My key finding shows that with increased age and education, women are more able to  exercise agency and challenge the power relations that exist in healthcare, and thus are  better equipped to receive quality healthcare. Finally, I address solutions for a more  inclusive healthcare system, involving both policy planners and healthcare professionals.

abstract: Sociology


title: Two-Photon Excitation Photodynamic Therapy: Investigations of verterporfin and lemuteporfin with multilamellar vesicles and human cancer cell lines

contributor:
Fage, Bruce Alexander (author)
(Lukeman, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Two- Photon Excitation Photodynamic Therapy ( TPE- PDT) is a novel extension of traditional photodynamic therapy techniques. Traditional One- Photon Excitation ( OPE) PDT utilizes a combination of light, oxygen, and a photosensitizer to induce cellular death. Ideal photosensitizing drugs accumulate preferentially in problem tissues and generate reactive singlet oxygen with light activation, ultimately leading to cellular apoptosis. Photodynamic therapy has been used successfully in treatment of age- related macular degeneration ( AMD) and soft- tissue cancers.  In AMD, small blood vessels grow out of the choroid and into the retinal space, causing structural damage to the macula and vision loss. Photodynamic therapy can be used to stop the growth of these blood vessels and minimize vision loss caused by angiogenesis. Problems arise when photosensitive drugs are activated in areas adjacent to the treatment area. The use of TPE- PDT alleviates this problem by making use of two lower energy photons to cause similar excitation. Two- photon excitation is dependent on the square of the laser beam intensity, and is most efficient at the focal volume of a highly focused laser beam. Thus, there will be less collateral damage to the surrounding tissue.  One photosensitizing agent commonly used is verteporfin, a benzoporphyrin derivative known commercially as Visudyne( R). Lemuteporfin, a photosensitizing agent similar in structure and function to verteporfin, is currently being investigated as a potential alternative for use in TPE- PDT. In an attempt to characterize differences between the photosensitizers, photobleaching and quenching experiments were x  performed in multilamellar vesicles, unilamellar vesicles, and U343 glioblastoma cells. Results from these experiments show that lemuteporfin differs from verteporfin in its position in cellular membranes, sitting farther into the non- polar region of the membrane. This positioning difference may allow it to have greater access to molecular oxygen, leading to an increased ability to generate singlet oxygen.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Can attachment style predict memory phenomenology?: A study of positive and negative relationship memories

contributor:
Black, Courtney D. (author)
(Holmberg, Diane) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The present study examined whether adult attachment styles could predict memory  phenomenology in positive and negative relationship memory contexts. Through an  online survey, 132 participants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships  Inventory - Revised ( ECR- R) to assess attachment styles ( i. e., the tendency to be secure,  anxious or avoidant in approach to one’s approach to relationships), and the Memory  Experiences Questionnaire ( MEQ) to assess subjective characteristics of memory. As  predicted, attachment avoidance was a significant predictor of low Accessibility scores in  the positive memory condition. In the negative memory condition, attachment anxiety  was a significant predictor of high Sensory Detail and Sharing scores, while avoidance  was a significant predictor of low Vividness and Coherence scores. Interactions showed  that effects for avoidance were strongest in the absence of anxiety. Findings were  consistent with the widely- supported theories of hyperactivation amongst anxious  individuals, and deactivation amongst avoidant individuals.

abstract: Psychology


title: Unfinished economic business and extra-constitutional reform

contributor:
Turnbull, Geoffrey (author)
(Hobson, Paul) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the dynamic economic relationship  between federal and provincial governments within the Canadian federation. This is of  importance because the fiscal balance between the federal and provincial governments  has changed greatly since the Constitution Act, 1867. Modern social programs such as  health and education are expensive endeavors for provinces to finance alone.  The provinces currently hold exclusive jurisdiction rights to health and education,  according to the division of powers under the Constitution Act, 1867. However, the  federal governments massive revenue generating capacities have allowed them to  influence these areas of provincial jurisdiction. This is of problematic nature since the  federal government and the provincial governments have different goals.  The Constitution Act, 1982 did not alleviate the stresses relating to the division of  powers under the Constitution Act, 1867. In years since the Constitution Act, 1982, the  federal government and the provinces have attempted to clarify the division of powers  through the failed Accords – Meech Lake and Charlottetown. Moving forward, it appears  unlikely that mega- constitutional reform will occur. This makes it unlikely that the  Constitution will be amended to settle the division of powers and the economic union. I  argue that the power struggle over jurisdiction will likely continue until the Constitution  is amended to accommodate modern Canadian socioeconomic circumstances. Extra-constitutional  agreements between the provinces and the federal government are  inconsistent and favor the federal government because of its large revenue- generating  capacity

abstract: Canadian Studies


title: An experimental study of attachment styles and dyadic coping

contributor:
Shellnutt, Laura C. (author)
(Holmberg, Diane) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The present study examined whether adult attachment dimensions ( i. e., a tendency to be secure, anxious, or avoidant in relationships) predicted the use of dyadic coping strategies. Forty- two heterosexual couples participated in an experimental laboratory study. The female partner was led to believe her male partner was experiencing pain and had the opportunity to send supportive messages to him over the computer. The male partner was asked to send the female pre- scripted messages every 30 seconds evaluating his supposed pain. These messages followed one of two scripts: numerical pain ratings only ( control condition), or identical pain ratings plus catastrophizing messages ( catastrophizing condition) emphasizing his degree of pain. The coping strategies the female partner encouraged the male partner to use to cope with his pain were then coded. Hierarcihal regressions were used to analyse the data. Contrary to predictions, no overall relationship existed between the female‘ s adult attachment dimensions and coping strategies. However, non- hypothesized results were found. Overall, female partners sent fewer emotion- focused coping messages and more social support coping messages in the catastrophizing condition than in the control condition. Females‘ increased attachment avoidance predicted decreased emotion- focused coping and distancing coping, in the catastrophizing condition only. Speculations as to the use of different coping strategies for varying types of stressors, and their role in dyadic coping processes, are discussed.

abstract: Psychology


title: Effects of seaweed extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum on adventitious root formation and stomatal condulctance in Vigna radiata

contributor:
Daborn, John K. (author)
(Kristie, David) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Seaweed mulch has been used on crops for centuries as a biostimulant and soil  conditioner. Since the 1950’ s seaweeds have been processed into solid or liquid extracts  and applied to crop plants to increase yield and improve tolerances to stress. The precise  effects and mechanism of action of seaweed extracts on plant performance remains  unclear. Acadian Seaplants, Ltd. ( Dartmouth, NS) produces a Solid Seaweed Extract  Powder ( SSEP) from Ascophyllum nodosum. Previous work in this lab has shown that  SSEP stimulates root initiation and elongation in Vigna radiata ( mung bean) cuttings. The  goals of this research were ( 1) to determine the kinetics of root initiation in mung bean  cuttings, ( 2) to investigate the effects of SSEP on water uptake and stomatal conductance  in mung bean cuttings, and ( 3) to test for biological activity in both a high molecular  weight ( HMW) fraction (> 13,000 MW) produced by dialysis and a methanol insoluble  fraction of SSEP. SSEP was found to initiate roots only along the portion of the hypocotyl  immersed in the test solution. In fully immersed hypocotyls, SSEP increased the number  of roots in the top 3cm of the hypocotyl. One or two day treatments with SSEP had little  effect on root initiation. A three day treatment with SSEP was required to initiate roots,  with few additional roots produced after the fourth day. Transfer experiments from SSEP  to Direct Q Ultrapure Water ( DQ) show that four days of immersion in SSEP is required  to reach maximum root number. A methanol insoluble fraction of SSEP was shown to  contain similar rooting activity as original SSEP, with no rooting activity found in the  methanol soluble fraction. A HMW fraction of SSEP (> 13000 mw) produced by dialysis  also exhibited rooting activity that was somewhat reduced compared to original SSEP.  Stomatal conductance was shown to decrease in cuttings treated with both SSEP and the  HMW fraction of SSEP. Stomatal conductance however was not reduced in intact, non-stressed  plants. These results indicate that the effects of SSEP on rooting activity and  stomatal conductance are produced by a HMW fraction and appear unrelated to the  presence of auxin or ABA in the extract.

abstract: Biology


title: Ternary phase extraction for environmental solid samples

contributor:
Hebb, Emma Kathleen (author)
(Tong, Anthony) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: The development of modern analytical instrumentation has made identifying and quantifying environmental contamination increasingly easier, however little improvement has been made to sample preparation as in the case of solid samples ( soils and sludges). When preparing solid samples one currently has to choose either expensive or time- consuming methods. Soxhlet extractions, a traditional technique, continue for a period of 16 - 24 hours. Innovation in the realm of extraction has been mostly to change the characteristics of Soxhlet extraction ( under high pressure, under high temperature, or using a supercritical fluid) to reduce the time needed for the extraction. These alterations often require expensive equipment. Therefore the Soxhlet extraction method itself is still widely in use, currently.  It was hypothesized that one could complete an extraction in a reasonable time frame without the cost associated with specialized equipment by using a system of solvents. The system of solvents used for this study was methanol, toluene, and water. The contaminants analyzed were sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs). Methanol was used to extract contaminants from the soil sample and toluene was added to preferentially keep organic contaminants ( in this case PAHs). When water was added, it separated the toluene layer from the methanol, as toluene is insoluble in water. In this way the toluene layer rises to the top and can be removed and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Between each addition of solvent, the sample was either shaken or sonicated to ensure complete mixing. The ternary phase extraction was expected to have relative percent recoveries similar to that of the Soxhlet method but require much less preparation time. After optimization, extractions had an average percent recovery of 117% for the sonicator trials, 126% for shaker trials, and 107% for Soxhlet. 1

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: The role of cellular composition of neural transplants in the development of dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease

contributor:
MacMullin, Gillian E. (author)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the dopaminergic neurons  of the substantia nigra. The drug L- 3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine ( L- DOPA) is the gold  standard for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease but is accompanied by the development  of dyskinesias. Neural transplantation has been proposed as a treatment for Parkinson’s  disease; however, clinical trials have revealed that a number of patients also develop  dyskinesias following transplantation. The serotonergic system has been implicated in  the development of dyskinesias. This study examined the importance of the ratio of  serotonergic cells to dopaminergic cells in a neural transplant on dyskinesias using a  model of the fetal rat brain created for this purpose. Neurolucida ® was used to trace and  label fetal brains for dopaminergic and serotonergic cells, and then to stack the images in  a three- dimensional model. Dyskinesias were induced in hemiparkinsonian rats.  Animals then received neural transplants rich in dopaminergic cells, rich in serotonergic  cells, or containing a mixture of both cell types. Animals that received grafts rich in  dopaminergic cells showed nearly complete recovery from parkinsonian behaviors and a  significant reduction in dyskinesias compared to controls. Animals that received grafts  rich in serotonin- producing cells or mixed grafts showed significant reduction in  dyskinesias from pre- transplantation scores, but not compared to controls. The results  suggest that although a cell ratio of 4: 1 dopaminergic cells to serotonergic cells is  sufficient to effect recovery from dyskinesias and parkinsonism, recovery is maximized  by grafts rich in dopaminergic cells.

abstract: Biology


title: Exploring the necessary data requirements to use meta-analysis in ecology

contributor:
Forbes, Renaj K. (author)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Currently there is little focus on the use and application of meta- analysis in  ecology. This study seeks to highlight the advantages and determine what already  available data is necessary to conduct these powerful statistical techniques that allow  conclusions to be drawn from the outcomes of multiple studies without collecting new  data. Early life history traits of cold ocean marine fish were collected in a database of  experimental and observational studies spanning across several decades and obtained  from online sources. The Firefox ® plug- in Zotero ® was used for study organization.  Specific and raw data were digitally extracted with Engauge ® , and other important  statistical information ( meta- information) was extracted from tables and figures of the  studies and organized into a Microsoft Excel ® spreadsheet. Initial quantitative analysis  consisted of data visualization using SPSS ® and showed high variability among species  and fish families. Finally, small meta- analyses were attempted to test its use as a  analytical technique. Preliminary analysis shows that 1) Meta- analysis is best served at  the species level due to high variability among early life history traits among even closely  related species, but meta- analysis may overcome this issue through the use of covariates;  2) Many studies suffer from confounding factors; 3) Many similar studies must be  present in order to extract enough data for meta- analysis; and 4) All aspects of a study are  important suggesting some standardization of environment reporting is necessary. The  goal of this study was met demonstrating the possible use of meta- analysis and a need for  further focus of this technique in ecology.

abstract: Biology


title: Characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt migration in the Gaspereau River, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Quinn, Danielle (author)
(Dadswell, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: Hundreds of thousands of Atlantic salmon have been released into inner  Bay of Fundy rivers in an attempt to re- establish endangered salmon  populations, which are considered genetically unique from other North Atlantic  populations. Migration is a key element in the life history strategy of Atlantic  salmon, and metamorphism from parr to smolt is essential for survival and  growth in estuaries and the sea. Many environmental factors have been linked to  the onset of smoltification and migration in Atlantic salmon, including  photoperiod, water temperature, and flow rate. Localized adaptations to these  factors with regard to smoltification occur in salmon stocks within individual  rivers. The 2007 - 2009 smolt runs in the Gaspereau River were examined to  investigate characteristics of this migration, and to compare migration patterns of  wild and hatchery smolts. Approximately 50% of the smolt run occurred between  water temperatures of 10- 12° C, and proportion of migrating hatchery smolts  significantly increased as water temperature increased. Hatchery smolts were  significantly smaller than wild smolts but both length and weight of hatchery  smolts significantly increased over the migration period, while neither significantly  changed in wild smolts. Mean condition factor of wild smolts, but not hatchery  smolts, significantly increased across the migration period. It was estimated that  approximately 13% of the parr released in the fall of 2008 smoltified in the spring  of 2009. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are explored, as well as its  implications on smolt survival and hatchery- release strategies.

abstract: Biology


title: The villain fallacy: Questioning the construct of the classic fairy tale villain

contributor: (Wyile, Andrea Schwenke) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2010

abstract: This thesis examines the villains and heroes in classic tales from both Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm, and questions the continued popularity of their tales with modern audiences. The first chapter examines female villains as “ anti- women” in Perrault’s and the Grimms’ versions of “ Cinderella” and “ Sleeping Beauty.” The second chapter studies the relationship between the female hero and the male villain in the tales “ Little Red Riding Hood,” and “ Bluebeard.” Finally, the third chapter explores the tales from a modern context through Anne Sexton’s Transformations, and Angela Carter’s The Bloody Chamber, focusing on how these female writers subvert the patriarchal concepts found in continually popular versions of tales told by Perrault and the Brothers Grimm. Ultimately, this discussion of fairy tales will establish the historical context of the classic fairy tale while exploring the limitations of the classic tale’s didactic message by comparing them to contemporary authors who have subverted the lesson- learned tales, and challenged the patriarchal concepts in which these lessons are ingrained.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies