title: INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN ISOLATED LECHUGUILLA CAVE STRAINS

contributor:
Wright, Gerry
Marie Elliot, Hendrik Poinar
Marie Elliot, Hendrik Poinar
Biochemistry

subject:
Antibiotic Resistance
Macrolide Phosphotransferases
Biochemistry
Biochemistry

abstract: Antibiotic resistance is often linked to human use of antibiotics. However, antibiotics and antibiotic biosynthetic pathways have been evolving for millions of years suggesting that antibiotic resistance is an ancient phenomenon. As of now, there has been no systematic survey of environmental microbes proven to exist in the absence of human influence and Lechuguilla cave offers such environment.  Resistance diversity in strains isolated from this cave was analyzed by a phenotypic screen against a panel of 26 different antibiotics. Resistant strains were further investigated through determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inactivation studies. Of particular interest was strain LC044 (Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum), observed to inactivate macrolide antibiotics by phosphorylation. Genome sequencing and bioinformatics (BLAST analysis) identified a putative macrolide phosphotransferase (MPH) in strain LC044 and biochemical characterization of the purified recombinant protein confirmed its macrolide inactivating properties. To investigate if characterized MPH was unique to cave isolate, available terrestrial Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810 genome was mined for presence of MPH-like protein. The top hit to the MPH from LC044 (a protein with 282 amino acids and 72% identity) was heterologously expressed and purified. Complete biochemical analysis of this enzyme revealed (i) MPH-activity, despite its annotation as aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH), and (ii) no significant differences in substrate specificities or kinetic parameters between these two enzymes suggesting that these two enzymes were equally effective resistance enzymes. This work highlights the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in a pristine, cave ecosystem and provides further support for the theory that antibiotic resistance is everywhere. Furthermore, the mph resistance determinant found in cave isolate and closely related terrestrial isolate show homology to clinical mph genes, suggesting that environmental mph genes could have served as reservoir of clinical determinants.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Practical LDGM-based Multiple Description Coding

contributor:
Dumitrescu, Sorina
Jun Chen, Xiaolin Wu
Jun Chen, Xiaolin Wu
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Multiple Description Coding
LDGM code
Other Computer Engineering
Other Computer Engineering

abstract:
This thesis presents two practical coding schemes based on low-density generatormatrix (LDGM) codes, for two cases of the multiple description (MD) problem. The first one is for the two description problem for finite-alphabet sources with Hammingdistortion measure. The proposed MD code targets the Zhang-Berger region, which is the best inner bound known so far for the corresponding MD rate-distortion region.The coding scheme can be regarded as a practical implementation of a theoreticalsequential coding system for the corner points of a related rate-region, where the random codebooks are replaced by multilevel LDGM codebooks and the encoding at each stage is performed via a message passing algorithm. This coding system is further applied in three notable cases: 1) no excess sum-rate case for binary sources;2) successive refinement for general finite-alphabet sources, 3) no excess marginal ratefor uniform binary sources. Furthermore, in order to assist the code design in the noexcesssum-rate case for binary sources, the exact expression of the distortion regionand of the auxiliary variables needed to achieve its boundary, are derived, which is another important contribution of the thesis.

The second proposed MD code is for the case of L descriptions with individual and central distortion constraints, for the memoryless Gaussian source with squared distortion measure. It is shown first that the coding problem for an arbitrary point on the dominant face of an L-description El Gamal-Cover (EGC) rate region, can be converted to that for a vertex of a K-description EGC rate region for some K<=2L-1,where the latter problem can be solved via successive coding. The practical coding scheme reduces each successive coding step to a Gaussian quantization operation, and implements this operation using multilevel LDGM codes.

The LDGM-based coding schemes are extensively tested in practice for all aforementionedcases. The experimental results show very good performance, verifyingthat the proposed schemes can approach the theoretical rate-distortion bounds.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Generic Alternative: Parodic Empowerment of Feminine Gothic Heroines in Margaret Atwood's Lady Oracle and The Handmaid's Tale

contributor:
York, Lorraine
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: Margaret Atwood's Lady Oracle and The Handmaid's Tale are both parodies of the Feminine Gothic. However, little existing Atwood criticism explores this phenomenon in great detail, nor does it explore these two novels together in their mutual context. Moreover, although there has been a wealth of critical attention paid to Atwood's heroines' narrative subversions of phallocentric and Gothic expectation, there has been very little paid to its generic structure as a means of achieving the same end. This thesis proposes that Atwood empowers her heroines not only through narrative disruptions of Gothic and phallocentric systems, but also through the analogous structure of parody. Through enabling parodic analogies, Atwood's heroines become, like her readers, interpreters who are capable of negotiating and escaping the Gothic space.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Stability and Wall Structure of Cylindrical Domains in Magnetic Films

contributor:
Torre, Della E.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
A model is presented of a cylindrical domain ("magnetic bubble") with its wall in a uniaxially anisotropic magnetic film, and data obtained from this model's numerical implementation are analyzed.

A finite-difference, static energy minimization, micro-magnetic model [23] of an axisymmetric domain wall in a magnetic film has been further developed in its physical formulation and numerical techniques. The various contributions to total energy calculated from the resulting magnetic configuration have been applied to the determination of average domain radius by means of an energy-minimization domain model developed for the purpose. The domain radius was needed to complete the wall-model algorithm and to allow it to converge to an accurate solution. This thesis describes the two aspects of this theoretical analysis, the wall model and the domain model, and the interaction between them.

The entire algorithm has been used to model magnetic bubbles in systematic surveys of applied magnetic fields and of film material parameters, namely saturation magnetization Ms, normalized anisotropy constant Q, and normalized wall energy density of bulk material, λ. Structural features of the resulting wall magnetic configurations are displayed. A comprehensive selection of features are quantified and their dependence on domain radius and on material parameters are presented and their physical explanations are discussed. Domain stability properties are derived from the theoretical model and their dependence on material paramters is analyzed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Engineering of Riboswitch-Based Sensors of Small Molecules in Bacteria and Their Application in the Study of Vitamin B12 Biology

contributor:
Li, Yingfu
Brown, Eric
Andrews, David W.
Biochemistry

subject:
E. coli
genetic engineering
riboswitches
small molecule detection
vitamin B12
Other Microbiology
Other Microbiology

abstract: Small molecule metabolites have important and diverse roles in every major cellular function. To study the activities of metabolites and the biological processes in which they are involved, it is important to be able to detect their levels within cells. Technologies that measure the concentrations of small molecules within the context of living, growing cells are highly advantageous but are challenging to produce. In this thesis, a novel class of intracellular small molecule sensors is produced, characterized and applied to address novel and relevant research questions. These sensors detect a specific target molecule within bacterial cells using RNA regulatory elements known as riboswitches and one of many possible reporter proteins. In addition to a project that yielded new methodology to create custom riboswitches, two projects that assess the capabilities of sensors that detect an active form of vitamin B12 are described. These projects present an abundance of data that provide novel insights into the transport and metabolism of vitamin B12 in E. coli cells. Overall, the results presented indicate that riboswitch-based sensors represent valuable and unique tools for the study of microbial biology. The thesis is concluded with a discussion that describes design strategies and several exciting potential applications for future riboswitch sensors.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Exploration of Experiences of Academics and Decision-Makers in a Collaborative Program of Research

contributor:
Valaitis, Ruta
Donna Ciliska, Linda O'Mara
Donna Ciliska, Linda O'Mara
Nursing

subject: integrated knowledge translation

subject: public health

subject: collaboration

subject: partnerships

subject: Health Services Research

subject: Health Services Research

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of academic and decision-maker researchers participating in a public health integrated knowledge translation (IKT) and exchange program of research in Ontario and British Columbia. This research sought to identify structures and processes that acted as enablers or barriers for all partners on a research team as they engaged in collaborative research. The researcher answered the following research questions: What are the experiences of academics and decision-makers participating in the first two years of an integrated knowledge translation program of research? What structures and processes positively and negatively influence the engagement of partners on the collaborative research team? Through answering these two questions the research contributes relatively new knowledge in the form of strategies for engaging academics and decision-makers engaging in collaborative public health systems and services research.

A qualitative descriptive approach was used to gain a contextual understanding of experiences of participants in the IKT research program. Twelve semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted with academic and decision-maker researchers working in British Columbia universities and Health Authorities. Qualitative content analysis of transcripts was used to explore and identify concepts emerging from the data.

Data analysis identified IKT processes and concepts that encompass and underlie a collaborative research team. An overarching systems approach is used to examine the evolution of the collaborative team. Themes are presented in relation to IKT engagement concepts identified from the literature as well as those that emerged from analysis including: establishing and maintaining relationships, communication, capacity building, multidirectional knowledge sharing, and multidisciplinary capacity.

By examining experiences of research partners representing both academia and decision and policy-making, this research contributes new knowledge about strategies to support collaborative health services research which can subsequently strengthen the Canadian public health systems and services research agenda.

abstract: Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)


title: ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FLEXIBLE ELECTRODES FOR IMPLANTED NEUROMUSCULAR EXCITATION APPLICATIONS

contributor:
Howlader, Matiar R.
Doyle, Thomas E.
Joseph Kish, Hubert Debruin
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: This thesis investigates the electrochemical performance of flexible implanted electrodes for the purpose of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Electrodes performance is validated through their conductivity, stability, and charge delivery capacity (CDC) to avoid irreversible faradaic reactions during stimulation. To study these requirements, electrodes were fabricated by depositing platinum (Pt), gold (Au) and titanium (Ti) thin films on the flexible liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate. Their electrochemical properties were then studied using surface and interface characterization techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and a theoretical model. The EIS results demonstrate that larger electrodes provide higher conductivity and double layer capacitance. In terms of material, Pt offers the best conductivity in neuromuscular stimulation frequencies of 1- 250 Hz, followed by Ti and Au, respectively. Above 250 Hz, similar values of conductivity is offered by the electrodes. This material dependence of impedance magnitude is related to the surface morphology, structural quality and deposition parameters of the electrodes and is explained using surface roughness measurements and interface model parameters. Electrode long-term stability is explored by regular EIS measurements through 42-day experiments. With progressing time, an increase in surface roughness, decrease in chargetransfer resistance (Rct) and capacitive quality (¯) are observed due to the change in capacitive and faradaic behaviors. However, in the comparative evaluations, Au electrode shows the most consistency in keeping its capacitive behavior to perform reversible charge transfer, followed by Pt and Ti, respectively. Further, cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves were used to understand the charge transfer reactions and calculate charge delivery capacities (CDC) of Pt, Ti and Au. Pt with highest CDC value suggests the best electrochemical reversibility followed by Au and Ti. In the case of deposition pressure, for Ti electrode, lower deposition pressure yields higher charge delivery capacity. These results may make lower pressure deposited Pt electrode with high conductivity and CDC the best material for the short term applications of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, while Au possessing improved stability but lower conductivity and CDC is suggested for long term applications. This result provides deeper insight into the design and miniaturization of electrochemical electrodes for the further development of neuromuscular prostheses.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Planar Raster-scanning System for Near-field Microwave Imaging

contributor:
Nikolova, Natalia K.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Microwave imaging
Raster scan
Dynamic range
Imaging apparatus
Biomedical
Electromagnetics and photonics
Biomedical

abstract:
Microwave imaging is a promising new imaging modality under research for breast cancer detection. This technique images/reconstructs the internal dielectric composition of the breasts and relies on the contrast between the dielectric properties of malignant tissues and healthy tissues to pinpoint the abnormality. Over the years, new imaging algorithms were proposed and many imaging systems were developed in accordance. However, none of the proposed systems has made it to the market.

In this thesis, a prototype planar raster-scanning system for near-field microwave imaging is presented. This system measures the scattering parameters while scanning a 2-D plane over the imaged object (phantom) in a raster pattern. The development of this system aids significantly in our research of microwave imaging for breast cancer detection because it enables us to carry out numerous experiments and to develop and verify new imaging algorithms.

Our contribution also lies in conducting a comprehensive study of the dynamic range of the developed system. Each source of noise/uncertainty from the system is identified and studied for the benefits of future improvements.

Typical imaging results of phantoms with different dielectric properties are also provided to showcase the performance of the developed system.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Compositions and Destination Choice Patterns of Canadian Immigrants: An Analysis Based on the Public Use Sample of the 1981 Census

contributor:
Liaw, Kao-Lee
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
The major objective of this study was to assess the dependencies of the destination choice patterns of Canadian immigrants on six explanatory factors: ethnic origin, period. of immigration, education, class of worker, occupation and income. A multivariate log it model was used to evaluate the relative importance of these factors.

Before this main objective was determined, the entry process of the immigrants in this study was analyzed. Five time periods were chosen for this examination: pre- 1946, 1946-1960, 1961-1966, 1967-1977, and 1978-1981, each corresponding to a major event in the history of immigration and immigration policy. The immigrants who arrived in Canada during these five time periods were analyzed for the six explanatory factors in order to determine the effect of the changes in immigration policy on the characteristics of the immigrants entering the country.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Dialogical Interplay and the Drama of Harold Pinter

contributor:
Brennan, Anthony
English

abstract:
The thesis is an effort to understand the way in which three of Pinter's early plays, The Birthday Party, A Slight Ache, and Tea Party are structured to work precise effects upon audiences. The underlying premise of this work is that Pinter compels his audience to assume an active role in the unfolding drama by manipulating the distance between audience and play. The activity of the audience can be understood to comprise two components. When confronted by the myriad questions posed by the Pinter play the audience begins to pose its own questions and to attempt to fix its own totalizing structures upon the play. I call this primary position of the audience its posture of hermeneutical inquiry. The second phase of the audience's participation in the play begins as the spectator notices that his or her own interpretive process is exactly analogous to that of the major characters in the drama. Any firm distinction in the ontological status of spectator and character is blurred. I have termed this blur "dialogical interplay": Pinter manipulates his audience to direct questions not only at the play, but to pose questions within the play itself.

What is crucial to note, however, is that in all cases of the plays under scrutiny here, the character who shares the posture of the spectator (and in this sense "becomes" the spectator) is destroyed, either physically or mentally. Thus the experience of the Pinter play is one which invariably involves the audience's sense of its own violation. Ultimately, I contend that the audience's proximity to the dramatic proceedings is encouraged because of Pinter's overriding sense of contempt for his audience, yet it is precisely the audience's sense of imminent danger that can account in part for the hold Pinter's plays have had over the decades.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: EFFECT OF SMOKING AND CESSATION IN HIV-INFECTED PEOPLE

contributor:
Smieja, Marek Jozef
Thabane, Lehana
Andrew McIvor, Fiona Smaill
Health Research Methodology

subject:
HIV
smoking
smoking cessation
multiple imputation
varenicline
Canada
Clinical Epidemiology
Clinical Epidemiology

abstract:
Cigarette smoking is prevalent in HIV-infected people, resulting in higher mortality rate and more premature heart and lung diseases in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for these adverse outcomes and smoking cessation in HIV-positive smokers is feasible, although further efforts are needed to improve smoking cessation programs in HIV-positive persons.

In this thesis, I examined the role of smoking in mortality and morbidity in HIV-positive Ontarians, and piloted a smoking cessation program featuring a novel smoking cessation aid, varenicline, in HIV-infected smokers. In addition, I explored three different methods to resolve missing data, by excluding, grouping and multiply imputing missing data. I adopted three different study designs in my thesis studies: retrospective cohort, cross-sectional and open label study.

We found smoking prevalence in HIV-infected people was consistently higher than in the general population. Smoking was associated with a higher risk of death, of respiratory symptoms, hospitalization and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and with reduced lung function and less CD4-T-lymphocyte improvement over time. We found varenicline was as effective in HIV-positive smokers as in non-HIV smokers reported by previous studies.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Aspirations for Senegal: Exploring International NGO Connections

contributor:
Rethmann, Petra
Warry, Wayne
Nyers, Peter
Anthropology

subject:
Civil Society
NGOs
Senegal
Partnerships
Social Hope
Globalization
Governmentality
Social and Cultural Anthropology
Social and Cultural Anthropology

abstract: In Senegal, local communities have faced a wide range of economic and political challenges. In their attempt to address these issues, local and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have engaged in a wide variety of improvement projects, and have often partnered together in these efforts. This dissertation examines the linkages formed between Senegalese and international NGOs in their efforts to achieve their aspirations of improvement for the country in a context of global interconnection. By engaging with relevant literature and ethnographic data collected through anthropological research efforts, I seek to provide a more in-depth understanding of the perspectives and experiences of NGO practitioners in Senegal while considering the interrelated issues of global connection, civil society and social hope. My research aims to contribute to the anthropological discourse on NGOs by examining how practitioners engaged in a variety of NGOs in Senegal understand and approach their work and how they engage in the complex power relationships entailed by these international NGO partnerships. In addition, this study explores the issue of social hope among NGO practitioners, examining how they approach and experience the concept of hope through their NGO efforts at improvement. With a focus on implementing programs targeted at certain groups over a short period of time, the hope of NGO staff involves a desire for long-term change despite the challenges faced. This study also considers the aspirations of NGO staff with respect to their political engagement with the state and their perception of Senegal’s place in the world. This involves exploring their belief that civil society and NGOs are the basis for hope in Senegal rather than the state. In this context, NGOs seek improvement by working within the political and economic system, constrained and limited by the dictates of their external donors and their approach to social change.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Towards European Integration: and the United Kingdom France, Germany

contributor:
Chandler, William
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: In 1973, the United Kingdom entered the European Community, joining the two other West European powers of France and West Germany in the organization. With the addition of Britain, a new nucleus developed within the EC. The traditional Franco-German alliance which was driving the Community, gave way to a triangular association which included the United Kingdom. However, the three countries have often found it difficult to coordinate their policies to advance European unity. Indeed, EC integration was characterized by "Eurosclerosis" for much of the 1970s and early 1980s since the three major member states were unwilling to abandon independent national policies in favour of Community programs. Nonetheless, in recent years the organization has made several noteworthy advancements towards integration as changing domestic and international environments required the three countries to reevaluate their strategies, including their views regarding Community policies. Thus, under this setting the core member states were willing to use Community solutions to problems plaguing their countries and proceeded to advance EC integration through the signing of the Single European Act and the Maastricht Treaty. This thesis advances the hypothesis that it is the triangular relationship which shapes the integration process. For European unity to occur, the agreement of France. Germany and Britain is required. Chapter One discusses the theoretical aspects of the triangular model. The strength of the bilateral ties are explored as are other factors which influence the model. Chapter Two provides the historical background material to the shaping of the association and examines the reasons behind the Eels years of stagnation. The movement towards increased EC integration, as demonstrated through the SEA is highlighted in Chapter Three, followed by a fourth chapter exploring the Maastricht Treaty. Finally, in the concluding chapter. the main points of the thesis are reviewed. In the end, the reader will recognize the validity of the triangular association and its importance to European integration.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Personal Identity in the Philosophy of David Hume

contributor:
Noxon, J.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Angular Distributions of Photoneutrons in Lead 206 and 208 Using Monochromatic Photons

contributor:
Kennett, T.J.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
In this work, an experiment to measure the angular distributions of neutrons generated in the (ϒ,n) reaction is described. Data are presented for the separated isotopes ²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb and from the data analysis, the results are used to infer the extent of photon multipole mixing between 7 and 11 MeV, within the framework of the statistical collective nuclear model.

The experiment made use of an intense beam of highly monochromatic photons generated by neutron capture on nickel and chromium in the core of the McMaster Nuclear Reactor, and a high resolution Helium-3 neutron detector. Photoneutron spectra were recorded at seven angles between 20 and 160 degrees, and angular distribution functions were determined for all observed transitions.

Of considerable interest especially in ²⁰⁸Pb, is the question of M1 strength in the energy range of this experiment. The results of this work cannot confirm the existence of M1 strength, but evidence of multipole mixing, most likely E2: E1, was found at all photon energies. Estimates of the ratio of E2 to E1 strength are presented at all photon energies investigated for both lead isotopes.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Coping Strategies in Pat Barker's Union Street

contributor:
O`Connor, Mary
English

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
Not much critical attention has been paid to the writings of Pat Barker, a British working-class novelist who has published five novels since 1982. This scarcity of critical response may be due in part to a lack of reading strategies with which to adequately address the issues presented in these works. Critics and theorists who have approached Barker's writing have had difficulty engaging it because they either find Barker's unapologetic working-class realism to be incompatible with with the reading strategies they are used to applying to realist texts, or they have read Barker's novels specifically to find utopian examples of working-class women's resistance and community.

This study focuses on Barker's first novel, Union Street, for it exemplifies her early work: the concerns voiced in this novel are also addressed in both Blow your House Down and The Century's Daughter. My approach is to read this text dialogically in order to be able to hear and analyse the women's voices as they struggle within and against a series of oppressive patriarchal and class discourses.

The study demonstrates that community is an ambivalent space for the women of Union Street, for although they find comfort within it, it internalizes and reinforces many of the discourses which act to oppress both the women and the community as a whole. We can also see how limited the choices of possible discourses of resistance are (and how difficult it is to produce new, less oppressive discourses), both for the women of Union Street and for actual working class women like them. In response to these limitations, the women voice and enact strategies which may not ultimately help them to speak their resistance, but do help them to cope with their oppression.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "Here We Onely Lesse": The Spanish Armada and Its Influence on the Elizabethan Self as Expressed Through the Literature

contributor:
Silcox, M.
English

abstract:
The attempted invasion of England by the Spanish Armada in 1588 and the Armada's subsequent defeat was in many ways a turning point. Not just a turning point in Anglo-Spanish relations, but in the development of the English as a people. As victory literally transformed the Elizabethan world, the literature reflected and helped to create this metamorphosis.

The parameters of this study therefore extend to an examination of what influence the Spanish Armada exerted on English literature from the time of its conception by Philip II in 1576, to that monarch's death in 1598. In becoming the greatest crisis in such a protracted conflict, the first Armada became a focal point of the whole conflict. This period supplied England, as it does this study, with a consistency of purpose, and a foe by which the English measured themselves. The literary works focussed upon are examples of the 'main stream' printed texts and dramatic presentations of the period. The works have been chosen for their clear content and significance in light of the Anglo-Spanish conflict.

The Elizabethan self as depicted in Elizabethan literature undoubtedly changed as a reaction to the Spanish Armada. It was a change which granted the public self a sense of national unity and confidence, a sense of martial greatness, and a belief in the English as the chosen people of God. However, the new-found pride threatened to split the country once more as common men sought their own piece of national glory. The Armada period therefore concludes with a sense of foreboding about the future, not because of Spanish ambition, but because of their own.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: PREDICTING CARPAL TUNNEL PRESSURE: AN ERGONOMIC TOOL TO PREDICT CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME RISK

contributor:
Keir, Peter J.
Kinesiology

subject:
Carpal Tunnel Pressure (CTP)
ergonomic tool
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) risk
Biomechanics
Biomechanics

abstract: A model to predict carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) risk would improve ergonomic assessments and help reduce the incidence of occupational CTS and its associated costs. Research spanning over sixty years has shown that deviated wrist, forearm, and hand posture has on the hydrostatic pressure within the carpal tunnel (also known as carpal tunnel pressure, CTP). Elevated CTP is a mechanism of the development, or aggravation of CTS symptoms. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a model to predict CTS risk, based on CTP, and incorporate the model into an ergonomic tool for use by ergonomists. An extensive literature review identified additional studies that investigated the effects of pronation/supination, finger posture, and fingertip loading on CTP. The effect of wrist, forearm, and hand posture was then incorporated into the model via a series of regression equations developed for each plane of movement. The effect of fingertip loading (independent to the posture effects) was included using a multiplier based on the hand posture and load magnitude. To provide a user-friendly tool for ergonomists, a graphical-user-interface was developed to predict CTS risk based on the developed model. Input variables were wrist, hand, and forearm posture, and fingertip loading. CTP program estimated CTP, and compared the predicted pressure to a known threshold beyond which median nerve function has been shown to degrade. The tool was then evaluated by comparing the output of the tool (CTS risk) to the incidence of CTS in a large automotive manufacturing environment. There was no significant difference between the two groups (workers completing jobs with an incidence of CTS and workers completing jobs with no incidence of CTS). The tool marks an important first step v towards providing ergonomists with a much-needed tool to predict CTS risk based on posture, frequency, and fingertip force.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: "NOT THE WHOLE STORY:" A GEOPOLITICAL READING OF HISTORY IN JEANETTE WINTERSON'S ORANGES ARE NOT THE ONLY FRUIT, THE PASSION, SEXING THE CHERRY, AND THE POWERBOOK

contributor:
Brophy, Sarah
English

abstract:
This thesis focuses on the work of contemporary English writer Jeanette Winterson. Specifically, this project produces a geopolitical reading of Winters on's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985), The Passion (1987), Sexing the Cherry (1989), and The PowerBook (2000). In my analysis, I draw on Michel Foucault and Judith Butler in order to comment on the roles of history and gender in the novels. More importantiy, I draw on the postcolonial theory of Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Anne McClintock in order to perform what Susan Friedman terms a geopolitical reading. In the thesis, I argue that Winterson rewrites history in order to establish a legitimate lesbian identity, but her focus on individual desire and subjectivity necessitates the construction of a realm of delegitimated otherness in her work, which is inhabited by traditional imperial others.

In Chapter One, I first define the type of fiction V/interson creates, postmodern historiographic metafiction, and then explain how she uses the geme's specific techniques - such as magic realism, self-reflexivity, the conflation of history and story - to disrupt eenventienal notions of history and gender. Then -I explain, t1:rrougn a geopolificalreading, the way her work reiterates the imperial project of geographic mapping and racial othering. I begin my analysis of Winters on's first novel, Oranges, in Chapter Two, where I focus on rewriting personal history. My discussion then moves to The Passion and Sexing the Cherry in Chapter Three; there I consider the individual's role in history on a national level, and specifically examine the gendered geographic spaces Winters on creates and figures as either masculine and repressive, or as feminine and "liberated." In Chapter Four, I finish my argument with The PowerBook, wherein I consider the way Winterson wants to characterize cyberspace as a "global" space that frees individuals from the conventional constructions of history and gender. Like her previous work, however, The PowerBook recreates the same imperial hierarchies. Through my geopolitical reading, I conclude that while Winterson makes several innovative and important narrative moves towards developing historical space for alternative homosexual and feminine identities, she legitimizes these new subjects by maintaining the illegitimacy of the imperial others.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: LENGTHENED G1 PHASE INDICATES DIFFERENTIATION STATUS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS.

contributor:
Draper, Jon
Brad Doble, Ray Truant
Brad Doble, Ray Truant
Biochemistry

subject:
human embryonic stem cells
cell cycle
G1 length
differentiation
lineage committment
loss of pluripotency
Cell Biology
Cell Biology

abstract:
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have potential applications as tools for drug screening to identify small molecule regulators of self-renewal or differentiation. Elucidating the mechanisms governing lineage commitment in hESC will allow for efficient derivation of specified cell types for clinical use. Recognizing the early steps in loss of pluripotency is key to achieving both goals of drug screening and derivation of therapeutically relevant cell types. Here we report the use of a real time cell cycle fluorescent reporter for the first time in hESC that indicates onset of differentiation in a lineage unbiased manner. Pluripotent hESC possess a short cell cycle length, due primarily to a truncated G1 phase. G1 lengthens concomitant with differentiation. Stable hESC lines expressing the live cell cycle reporter exhibit fluorescence only during G1. Due to the short length of pluripotent G1 phase, G1 fluorescence is only weakly and transiently detected, however it is quickly increased to easily detectable levels upon onset of differentiation. We hypothesize that lengthened G1 phase can be used as an indicator of differentiation status of individual human embryonic stem cells.

Cells with lengthened G1 are typically negative for pluripotency markers OCT4, Tra-1-60 and SSEA-3 following differentiation. Differentiated cells with lengthened G1 also demonstrate increased levels of lineage-specific differentiation markers at both the protein and mRNA level. Automated image analysis of hESC indicates this mutually exclusive relationship between lengthened G1 and pluripotency exists both on the cellular level and in colonies as a whole. Here we have shown that lengthened G1 indicates both loss of pluripotency and gain of lineage markers.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Generic Smell Generating Enzymatic Biosensor

contributor:
Filipe, Carlos
Pelton, Robert
Yingfu Li, Todd Hoare
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Smell
enzymatic
Biosensor
Indole
Methyl mercaptan
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
This thesis describes a new type of biosensor, which reports the presence of a target by generating a smell that can be easily detected by the human nose. This approach is radically different from, but complementary to, colorimetric based reporting and it paves the way for the development of multi-sensory biosensors that can be used in a variety of fields, such as diagnostic device, food processing and environmental monitoring

Biosensors typically consist of two parts: a bio-recognition element and a signal transducer. The biorecognition element is the component that can specifically interact with its cognate target, while the transducer produces a signal that can be easily identified. The key element of the smell generating biosensor is the enzyme tryptophanase (TPase), which was used as the signal transducer. This enzyme uses either L-tryptophan or S-methyl-L-cysteine as substrates, to produce either indole or methyl mercaptan as final products- both molecules are easily detectable by the human nose. Proof-of-concept for this biosensor was achieved by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on magnetic beads with detection of IgG from rabbit serum (the target) in a sample and reporting the presence of the target through the generation of a smell (either indole or methyl mercaptan, depending on the substrate used).

The potential use of TPase for biosensing was further expanded by creating a bienzyme system that allows specifically detecting of adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) and reporting its presence by generating a smell. This bienzyme system is based on the fact that TPase activity is greatly affected by the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)- which acts as a cofactor that modulates enzyme activity. The enzyme pyridoxal kinase PKase catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyridoxal to PLP in the presence of ATP. The more ATP presents, the more PLP is produced per unit time. If this occurs in the presence of TPase, larger concentrations of ATP in samples will result in higher amounts and faster rates of PLP formation, leading to increased activity of TPase, hence faster generation of either indole or methyl mercaptan is achieved. This bienzyme was used for the detection of DNA molecules with a specific sequence as well as for the detection of microbial cells through smell generation.

Most widely used biosensors require immobilization of the biologically active elements on a stable surface. Paper, being a cheap and easy accessible substrate, was used for fabrication of the olfactory-based biosensor. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-vinylacetic acid) (PNIPAM-VAA) microgels with functional groups present on their surface were modified by biotinylation and loaded with streptavidin/avidin (to be prepared as a platform for further biomolecule immobilization). The microgels were then used as a supporter for the bienzyme system on filter paper to construct a paper-based smell-generating biosensor, which opens the way for the creation of printable smell-reporting printable bio-inks.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Lessons Learned Constructing the NG-Mesh Wireless Test-Bed

contributor:
Szymanski, Ted H.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
wireless mesh network
802.11
co-channel interference
noise
SINR
Digital Communications and Networking
Digital Communications and Networking

abstract:
This thesis presents the lessons learned from building an IEEE 802.11 wireless mesh network (WMN) test-bed. Each network node consists of a Linux processor with multiple IEEE 802.11b/g transceivers operating in the 2.4 GHz band. Each transceiver consists of a medium access control (MAC) and base-band processor (BBP) in addition to a radio. A device driver was modified to control some of the key transceiver functions. The test-bed's Wi-Fi interfaces can be programmed to implement any mesh communication topology. All Wi-Fi interfaces use omni-directional antennas and the IEEE 802.11b operation mode.

The test-bed design is easily extendable to incorporate newer Wi-Fi technologies. Measurements of co-channel interference in each Wi-Fi channel including received signal strength (RSS) and signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) are presented. The AutoMin algorithm was developed in order to use the captured physical layer (PHY) metrics to avoid Wi-Fi congestion during test-bed operation. A comparison of a software-based spectrum analyzer to a commercial one is described. Key Wi-Fi functions in the Ralink driver source code are explored in depth. The compliance of the Ralink chip-set to the IEEE 802.11b spectral mask was verified. The maximum driver-induced retuning rate for the popular Ralink radio was found experimentally. This data can be used to optimize the performance of IEEE 802.11 WMNs.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: NON-TRAUMATIC FRACTURES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETES

contributor:
Thabane, Lehana
Adachi, Rick
Papaioannou, Alexandra
Health Research Methodology

subject:
fracture
diabetes
osteoporosis
falls
bisphosphonate
hypertension
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences

abstract:
Background: Previous studies have found that diabetes is associated with increased risk of fracture; however, the risk of non-traumatic fracture (of any bone) specific to individuals with diabetes across the Canadian population has not been studied.

Methods: Ten years of data from the Canadian Multicenter Osteoporosis study was explored. Logistic regression models were used to study factors associated with a history of previous non-traumatic fracture at study baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore time-to-incident-fracture during the 10 years of study.

Results: All women and men ≥ 50 years were included in the analyses (n=7753). This included 508 individuals with NIDDM and 98 with IDDM. Mean age was 67 (±9) years and 72% were female. Individuals with diabetes were found to be more likely to have a history of fragility fracture then non-diabetic CaMos participants (odds ratio [OR] =1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00,1.46; p=0.04), but were less likely to be treated with bisphosphonate therapy during the 10 year study (OR: 0.58; 95% CI 0.46,0.75; p<0.001). History of a stroke/TIA or hypertension were found to be associated with previous non-traumatic fracture amongst the diabetic population (OR: 1.51; 95% CI 1.20,1.91; p<0.001; and, OR: 1.16; 95% CI 1.04,1.29; p=0.01 respectively).

Conclusions: A treatment care gap exists amongst diabetics in Canada. Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of non-traumatic fracture, but are less likely to be treated with bisphosphonate therapy. Clinicians can use specific fracture risk factors to identify which diabetics are at highest risk and target interventions accordingly.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Biological Activity of Natural Cleavage Products of Slit in the Developing Drosophila Heart

contributor:
Jacobs, Roger J.
Campos, Ana R.
Biology

subject:
Drosophila
heart
Slit
Robo
lumen
axons
Cell and Developmental Biology
Cell and Developmental Biology

abstract:
The Slit morphogen is a secreted glycoprotein that is naturally cleaved into two fragments. The amino fragment (N-Slit) contains Leucine Rich Repeats (LRR) that are recognised by Robo receptors, and is sufficient to mediate attractive or repellent signalling in Drosophila tissues, for example, during growth cone guidance at the midline of the nervous system. The carboxy fragment (C-Slit) is composed of EGF repeats and a Laminin-like globular domain. Although C-Slit expression does not restore repellent signalling, it does rescue other morphogenetic defects in slit mutants.

Formation of the dorsal vessel (or heart) requires function of slit and robo. Slit is required for coordinated migration of heart cell precursors, cell polarisation and the formation of a lumen in the heart tube. We have characterised the morphogenetic activities of N- Slit and C-Slit during assembly of the heart.

Our laboratory has shown that Slit transgenes lacking the LRR region fail to rescue the mutant phenotype in the nervous system. However, slit trangenes lacking the LRR results in a partial rescue phenotype in the heart suggesting that C-Slit might have functional significance in the heart. Therefore, Slit function in heart vasculogenesis has different requirements compared to the nervous system. For example, Slit –Robo2 interaction may have an adhesive function in addition to a signalling function during vasculogenesis.

Our results indicate that C-Slit funtions as a heart morphogen. In slit mutants, over-expression of C-Slit results in a partial rescue phenotype with several features such as cell clumping, overlapping of cells and cells which are elongated. Together, these data suggest alternative functions for Slit during heart morphogenesis.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Needs Assessment of the Latin American Community in the Waterloo Region

contributor:
Carranza, Mirna
Sammon, Sheila
Sammon, Sheila
Social Work

subject:
Re-Settlement
Migration
Latin American
Immigration
Needs Assessment
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
ABSTRACT

This thesis explores the re-settlement process of Latin American immigrants and refugees in the Waterloo region. This qualitative research project was designed to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived realities of participants. General questions about their re-settlement process, and more specifically about the barriers faced by members of the Latin American community were asked. Participants identified and constructed meaningful resolutions to meeting their “needs” and overcoming barriers.

The findings are based on eleven individual, three conjoint interviews and two focus groups, with men and women of Latin American origin. Open and axial coding was utilized to explore emergent themes. These themes were introduced in subsequent interviews to thicken the data and acquire cross-gendered perspectives. By using a symbolic interactionist and sociological phenomenological framework, I attempt to understand the interplay between the individual consciousnesses of Latin Americans living in the Waterloo Region and the meanings created of their lived realities and social worlds. To obtain this understanding, I have chosen to use elements of grounded theory to discover the interrelatedness of the concepts, categories, and properties that emerged in the data (Borgatti, 2005).

What was evident though out the data was a strong sense of ethnic identity, pride and strength within the Latin American community. Participants consistently identified a sense of agency and a desire to promote and nurture the Latin American community based upon shared elements of culture, including but not limited to, the Spanish language.

Other predominant themes that emerged in the data were: experiences of systemic racism, cultural shifts and barriers to accessing re-settlement services. The findings of this research serve to disrupt notions of the current political discourse surrounding the neutrality of multiculturalism, provide new perspectives on the re-negotiation of culture that occurs during re-settlement and finally, to provide insights into service use by Latin Americans

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Firing of neuron pairs in the hippocampo-septal axis of the rat: cell types and their interactions during theta and non-theta states

contributor:
Racine, R.J.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
The behavioral and neuronal functions of the hippocampus, a major component of the brain's limbic cortex, are not well understood. One major clue to its role in behavior is that its gross electrical activity (EEG) shows striking correlations with behaviour. Special significance has been attached to the hippocampal theta rhythm, but, despite extensive research concerning the precise dimensions of behavior correlated with theta, it is still not clear if the presence of theta indicates that the hippocampus is actively involved in the control of behavior. In an attempt to describe some of the neuronal interactions that occur during theta, the activity of pairs of neurons in the hippocampus and septum was recorded in rats paralyzed with succinylcholine chloride.

In Section One it was seen that hippocampal EEG in paralyzed rats was not substantially different from the normal. Long trains of clear theta as well as irregular EEG were seen in the immobilized rat. In Section Two cells in hippocampo-septal sites were categorized. One of the neurons of the pair was usually in dorsal CA1; the other was located in the lateral septum (LSN) in a region shown to receive the terminals of the hippocampal projection cell (P cell). Typical cell types were seen in CA1: rhythmically bursting "theta" cells (B cells) and complex-spike cells. The A cell was probably the CA1 projection cell (pyramidal cell). Cells in the LSN (C cells) were characterized by a lack of bursting. The majority were slowly firing cells. In Section Three the activity of different cell types during different EEG rhythms was described. Firing patterns of A and B cells were similar to those described in other work: A cells tended to decline in rate during theta, while B cells increased in rate providing an initial indication that during theta hippocampal transimission to target zones is attenuated. The C cells did not generally show substantial changes in activity during EEG changes, although in some C cells a weak theta rhythm was detected.

In the last section (Section Four) an attempt was made to detect correlations between hippocampal and septal spike trains which could be indicative of a transsynaptic influence of P cells and to determine if such correlations changed as a function of EEG state. The cross-correlation of "naturally" occurring firing is not a standard tool in the analysis of complex mammalian forebrain circuits and so, this study was also an exploration of whether such an approach was practical in the analysis of complex circuits.

In the cross-correlograms of an appreciable number of cell pairs it was possible to detect changes in target cell firing which appeared to be due to a direct influence of P cell populations. Most of these changes consisted of increases in rates of septal neurons; for a smaller number of pairs, the occurrence of a hippocampal event was associated with a decrease in target cell firing. Most changes in septal cell firing occured during irregular EEG patterns. During theta, the firing of P cells was relatively ineffective in biasing the state of the septal cell. These results were interpreted in terms of a possible tendency for a greater number of P cells to fire more synchronously during irregular EEG. It was also found, in agreement with other studies, that the activity of P cells was relatively suppressed during theta, again suggesting that theta represents a state of attenuated output.

On the basis of the present findings, it can be tentatively conclude that, during theta, it is unlikely that the hippocampus is actively involved in behavioral expression; it is more likely that hippocampal output function is exerted during irregular EEG and associated behaviors, during which time it acts partially to excite septal cells.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Effect of Phonological Similarity and Word Length on Rapid Naming Performance

contributor:
Service, Elisabet
Cognitive Science of Language

subject:
Cognition and Perception
Cognitive Psychology
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Cognition and Perception

abstract: The ability to rapidly and continuously update phonological representations is critical to skilled reading. Denkla and Rudel (1976) first reported Rapid Naming impairments in poor readers, leading to a wide body of evidence supporting the Rapid Naming task as a reliable predictor of reading success. Despite a well-established correlation between Rapid Naming performance and reading achievement, the factors driving this relationship remain unclear. The present study was an exploratory investigation of the role of articulatory planning in Rapid Naming performance. Specifically, we explored the effects of phonological similarity and word length of the items to-be-named in the Rapid Naming task. Naming times were measured in 30 Undergraduate students with typical reading ability, and 10 poor reading high school students completing the standard Rapid Naming task, as well tasks manipulated for phonological similarity and word length. The results showed that phonologically similar words generated significantly longer naming times than the standard Rapid Naming task for both typical and poor readers. This finding suggests that when phonological representations are similar, it creates competition for the rapid updating of representations during motor planning for naming. Additionally, 3-syllable items for typical readers and 2-and 3-syllable items for poor readers produced significantly longer naming times than the standard Rapid Naming task, suggesting that larger phonological representations also create competition in motor planning. The results of the preset study suggest that phonological similarity and word length have a similar influence on Rapid Naming ability in typical and poor readers.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: EXAMINING PALLIATIVE CARE NETWORKS IN ENHANCING COMMUNITY PALLIATIVE CARE

contributor: Paul Krueger, Jenny Ploeg, Alan Taniguchi

contributor: Clinical Health Sciences (Health Research Methodology)

subject: Palliative Care; Systems Integration; Community Networks; Evaluation

subject: Health Service Networks

subject: Integrated Care

subject: Health Services Research

subject: Health Services Research

abstract:
Introduction

Despite increasing global interest in regional palliative care networks (PCN) to integrate care, little explicit direction exists to guide their evaluation. The first step of this research was to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework using a systems approach for evaluating integrated palliative care. This framework was then used to guide a rigorous examination of a selected PCN.

Methods

The conceptual framework was derived from the empirical literature, incorporating principal features of network integration. A case study methodology was used to assess structure (administration) and process (provider) levels in the framework through document review, a PCN executive interview, and surveys with organizational administrators and health professionals who provide palliative care in the community catchment of the PCN.

Results

Key features to efficient palliative care delivery are currently lacking across this PCN area. Still, the 20 responding administrators (90% response rate) largely viewed Network accomplishments positively and the resulting partnerships as beneficial and collaborative. Additional efforts were seen as required in ensuring palliative care patient identification, reducing silos between organizations, and greater by-in from regional authorities. Relative to processes, the 86 health care providers (85% response rate) reported valuing collaboration and reflected positively on many of the framework elements measured. Insufficiencies were perceived in support for case conferencing and evaluative activities, as well as in informational access.

Conclusion

This study enabled us to test both the utility of the framework and the capacity of the selected PCN for providing quality, integrated palliative care. This study represents an important initial attempt at examining network-integrated palliative care.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: UNDERSTANDING THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF A FIRM THROUGH MARKET PRICES

contributor:
Hurd, Tom
Shui Feng and Peter Miu
Shui Feng and Peter Miu
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
time change
spread options
fourier transform
Other Statistics and Probability
Other Statistics and Probability

abstract:
The central theme of this thesis is to develop methods of financial mathematics to understand the dynamics of a firm's capital structure through observations of market prices of liquid securities written on the firm. Just as stock prices are a direct measure of a firm's equity, other liquidly traded products such as options and credit default swaps (CDS) should also be indicators of aspects of a firm's capital structure. We interpret the prices of these securities as the market's revelation of a firm's financial status. In order not to enter into the complexity of balance sheet anatomy, we postulate a balance sheet as simple as Asset = Equity + Debt. Using mathematical models based on the principles of arbitrage pricing theory, we demonstrate that this reduced picture is rich enough to reproduce CDS term structures and implied volatility surfaces that are consistent with market observations. Therefore, reverse engineering applied to market observations provides concise and crucial information of the capital structure.

Our investigations into capital structure modeling gives rise to an innovative pricing formula for spread options. Existing methods of pricing spread options are not entirely satisfactory beyond the log-normal model and we introduce a new formula for general spread option pricing based on Fourier analysis of the payoff function. Our development, including a flexible and general error analysis, proves the effectiveness of a fast Fourier transform implementation of the formula for the computation of spread option prices and Greeks. It is found to be easy to implement, stable, and applicable in a wide variety of asset pricing models.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Section 2 (d) in Question: Debating the Counter-Subversion Function of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, 1986-1991

contributor:
Nossal, Kim
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
Subversion, the same as espionage, foreign influenced activities, and terrorism represents a unique threat to national security. It has been included within the security mandates of several western democracies such as Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, and the united States. In Canada, subversion and the investigation of its activities have played a significant role in the history and development of the country's security and intelligence organizations. In 1984, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act became law, and paragraph 2(d) of the threat definitions section of the Act was intended to allow the Service to investigate subversive activities.

The debate over subversion as a threat to Canadian national security began in 1987 with the findings and recommendations of the Security Intelligence Review Committee's 1986-1987 Annual Report which questioned the validity of the counter-subversion branch of CSIS. In 1990 the debate continued when the Five-Year Parliamentary Review Committee of the CSIS Act recommended to the Solicitor General of Canada that section 2(d) be repealed from the legislation. The Committee's decision was based primarily on the belief that the other threat definitions of the Act could adequately cover the subversive threat in Canada.

Subversion is ideologically neutral and even though a particular organization may decrease in political significance the methodologies of subversion remain constant, and available to any movement on either the left or right of the political spectrum. Paragraph 2(d) therefore remains an integral part of CSIS' overall mandate and without it the Service would be incapable of advising the government as to the true extent of the subversive threat against the constitutionally established system of government.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Random Telegraph Signal Noise in CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) and Use of a CIS in a Low-Cost Digital Microscope

contributor:
Deen, M Jamal
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
RTS noise
CMOS image sensor
Active pixel sensor
APS
Microscope
Biomedical
Electrical and Electronics
Electromagnetics and photonics
Biomedical

abstract:
The introduction of the digital image sensor has triggered a revolution in the field of imaging. It has not only just replaced the conventional silver halide film based imaging system, but has also enormously widened the scope of imaging applications. Previously, charge-coupled devices (CCDs) were the most popular technology for image sensors. But in the past decade, they have been rapidly replaced by the CMOS image sensor (CIS) technology. The CCD image sensors offers higher sensitivity, wider dynamic range and better resolution compared to its CMOS imager counterparts. However, the lower power performance, higher speed of operation, easier integration with signal control and processing circuitries, and the use well-established mainstream fabrication process of CMOS technology, are key advantages that have served to propel CMOS imagers beyond CCDs in the market.

However, CIS suffers from higher temporal noise compared to that of CCDs. One of the major noise sources in CIS is the 1/ noise generated from the in-pixel active amplifier. Due to continuous shrinking of MOS devices, the random telegraph signal (RTS) noise is emerging as a dominant noise source over other low frequency noise in CMOS imagers, resulting into reduced imaging performance.

The RTS noise which evolves from trapping and de-trapping of electrons by the defects in the oxide, causes fluctuation in the drain current of the MOSFET. In this work, we have carried out time-domain measurement of RTS noise in CIS pixels. The time domain RTS measurements provide useful information about its characteristics in different operating conditions, which can be further used to extract the trap parameters and determine the optimum settings of operation of CIS.

The capability of integrating various on-chip operations, higher speed and lower fabrication cost has made the CIS a good choice for various imaging applications. In order to demonstrate the extent of possible applications of CIS, we have developed an imaging system using a CIS. Two major concerns of biomedical imaging systems are their speed and cost. The system presented here is implemented using a CIS and FPGA (field programmable gate array) that provides a low-cost and high frame rate solution for biomedical microscopy.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Formal Verification of FPGA Based Systems

contributor:
Lawford, Mark
Software Engineering

subject:
Formal method
PVS
Hardware verification
FPGA
HDL.
Digital Circuits
Hardware Systems
Other Computer Engineering
Digital Circuits

abstract:
In design verication, although simulation is still a widely used verication

technique in FPGA design, formal verication is obtaining greater acceptance

as the complexity of designs increases. In the simulation method, for a circuit

with n inputs and m registers an exhaustive test vector will have as many as

2(m+n) elements making it impractical for many modern circuits. Therefore

this method is incomplete, i.e., it may fail to catch some design errors due to

the lack of complete test coverage. Formal verication can be introduced as a

complement to traditional verication techniques.

The primary objectives of this thesis are determining: (i) how to for-

malize FPGA implementations at dierent levels of abstraction, and (ii) how

to prove their functional correctness. This thesis explores two variations of a

formal verication framework by proving the functional correctness of several

FPGA implementations of commonly used safety subsystem components us-

ing the theorem prover PVS. We formalize components at the netlist level and

the Verilog Register Transfer HDL level, preserving their functional semantics.

Based on these formal models, we prove correctness conditions for the com-

ponents using PVS. Finally, we present some techniques which can facilitate

the proving process and describe some general strategies which can be used to

prove properties of a synchronous circuit design.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: In Whose Best Interest? An Exploration of the Purpose and Expectations of the Assessment and Action Record Through the Eyes of Former Crown Wards

contributor:
Roy Cain, PhD
Ann Fudge Schormans, PhD
Saara Greene, PhD
Social Work

subject:
Assessment and Action Record
Crown Wards
Ontario child welfare
accountability
consent in research
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: This research examines the opinions and viewpoints of former Crown Wards regarding the Assessment and Action Record (the AAR), which is the main documentation associated with the Looking After Children approach implemented for use with all children in care by the Ministry of Children and Youth for the Province of Ontario. This documentation, which consists of hundreds of questions and a research-based, check-list format, forms a significant component of the contact that Children’s Service Workers with Children’s Aid Societies have with children in care. Crown Wards, because they are in the permanent care of their Society, are subjected to the AAR yearly throughout their time in care. Open-ended interviews were conducted with four former Crown Wards from three separate Children’s Aid agencies in southwestern Ontario. While the findings did not bear out the anticipated overt criticism of the AAR documentation, what was salient was the hope that all of the information they gave over the years was being put to good use (that it might help themselves and other Crown Wards), that these former Crown Wards were not aware that they could decline to answer the AAR questions in whole or in part, and that the AAR document is felt to be too long and repetitive. In addition, issues of automatic compliance by children in care with requests made by CAS personnel became a discomforting theme.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Marbar and After: A Study of E.M. Forster's A Passage to India and Paul Scott's The Jewel in the Crown

contributor:
Shrive, F. N.
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: COMPASS OF SHAME: A STUDY OF AFFECT IN LOOK BACK IN ANGER AND BAY THE MOON

contributor:
Granofsky, R.
English

abstract: The imaginative writer uses language "for the expression, clarification and deepening of feelings" and this enriches "the affective life of man" (Tomkins, Affect 1:219). By concentrating on the self, Affect Theory provides an original perspective for character analysis, which certainly contributes to psychoanalytic literary studies. With its intricate classification of emotion, affect theory enables literary scholars to re-examine postwar drama with a new vocabulary and a comprehensive framework. Affect theory has deepened our knowledge of emotions and of the role of shame in particular, both destructive and creative, in shaping the human personality. Perhaps some of the most compelling evidence of the complexities of the central affect, shame, can be in found in the dynamic milieux of postwar plays. When studying the postwar human psyche, applying such an overarching theoretical framework that focuses on the inherent nature of shame to John Osborne's Look Back in Anger (1956) and Mahmoud El-Lozy's Bay the Moon (1998) is crucial for understanding the Angry Young Men movement. By employing Silvan Tomkins' Affect Theory and Donald Nathanson's Compass of Shame, this thesis will demonstrate how the depiction of each protagonist as the 'angry young man' is in fact an affective response to the crisis of how intolerable postwar generational shame was pushed beyond reasonable limits. By extracting the affective patterns in both plays, I will show how the protagonists' unsuccessful shame management attempts trigger their recurring angry tirades that intensify throughout the plays without effecting any shame-relieving change.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Changes in Wage Structures in Canada (1939-46)

contributor:
Barber, G.
Political Economy

subject: Political Science

abstract: This work comprises a short study of Canadian wages and wage changes during the period of the second world war, with a general discussion of wage determination under individual and collective bargaining.

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: An Analysis of Cell Growth and Division in Germinating and Mature Root Meristems of Vicia faba

contributor:
Davidson, D.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
The mature root meristem of the broad bean, Vicia faba, consists of a steady-state, asynchronous population of cells in which rates of cell growth and of division are constant, on average, from one time to the next. Measurements of individual cells for any growth parameter, however, show considerable variation about the mean of that parameter. This study was done in order to 1) determine the pattern of cell growth and division in the root meristem during seed germination as it develops into a mature root; 2) determine how this pattern changes in different environments, and 3) determine if events that occur during germination contribute to variation in cell growth and division seen in the mature root.

Cell growth and division were manipulated by 1) changing the amount of water available for growth of germinating and mature roots and 2) treating roots with 5-amino uracil (5-AU), a drug which temporarily arrests cells at the S to G₂ transition point of the cell cycle (Socher and Davidson, 1971). Cell area, nuclear volume and nuclear protein content were used to monitor cell growth: mitotic index (M.I.) and cell cycle kinetics determined 1) from colchicine accumulation of cells in mitosis and 2) from changes in the frequency of labelled mitoses after pulse labelling cells synthesizing DNA with ³H-thymidine, were used to monitor cell division.

The results show that cells in the mature root meristem reach different steady-states that are influenced by the ambient water level present during germination. The characterisitics of each steady-state are unique in the M.I., the size ratio, nucleus: cytoplasm and the relative proportion of fast, slow and non-cycling cells.

Mature roots subjected to a change in the ambient water level appear only to modify the initial steady state established during germination; ie., roots grown initially in different amounts of water and then transferred to the same ambient water level do not attain a steady-state condition with identical mean values for different cell parameters. Treatment of germinating and mature roots with 5-AU allows cells and nuclei to grow to sizes greater than those seen in untreated roots but does not appear to interfere with normal relationships between most growth paramters. Neither the relationship between cell and nuclear size nor nuclear protein content is altered in 5-AU treated roots to produce values not found in untreated roots.

From these results it is proposed that a specific programming of cell growth and division is established during germination and is largely determined by environmental conditions present in the early stages of seeding growth. Modifications of this programmed control of cell growth can be induced by changing the external growth conditions. In addition, there are internal fluctuations, within a meristem, in the environment of identical cells; these fluctuations are thought to contribute to the variation in cell parameters that are seen in mature roots.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Elder Abuse in a First Nations Context

contributor:
Lee, Bill
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: This thesis examines the challenges of addressing elder abuse within a First Nation Context. The paper suggests that issues of systemic and internalized racism, lack of personal/communal privacy and resistance to professional intervention need to be given consideration from an individual, familial, community and governmental perspective. The values behind these different perspectives are intertwined and their complexity hinders easy resolution. While no definite conclusions are drawn, the paper highlights the issues that must be considered prior to planning interventions for elder abuse in a First Nations community context.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Sand Dunes of Nova Scotia

contributor:
McCann, S. B.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Forty-five coastal sand dune systems over one kilometre in length have been identified in the province of Nova Scotia. All were investigated in the field. Observations were made of morphology, vegetation cover, stability, and the impact of human activity. In order to facilitate comparison between systems a morphological classification scheme and a morpho-ecological model have been developed.

Sand dune systems exist in all the coastal areas of Nova Scotia, with the exception of the Bay of Fundy. The beaches and associated dunes tend to be limited in length by rocky headlands, the longest system, Merigomish, being less than five kilometres. Many systems are sediment deficient, and the dunes consist of a thin cap of sand on a gravel substrate, or a single foredune ridge. Vegetation cover is primarily pioneer species, although shrub-heath communities may exist in the lee of the foredune on more developed systems. The best developed, most complex systems are on the north coast, including those of Pomquet and Merigomish. Large volumes of sand storage also occur at Bartletts and Mavillette beaches on the southwestern shore. The dunes on the exposed southern coast are generally the most sediment impoverished, and the least developed. Although fifteen dune systems studied are now in local, provincial or national parks, many systems still exhibit degradation resulting from human activity, particularly Mavillette, Carters, Crescent, and Glace Bay.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Obsidian Exploitation and Political Economic Dynamics on the Classic Period Through Colonial Era Central Plateau: An Analysis of a Lithic Collection from Cholula, Puebla, Mexico

contributor:
Finsten, Laura
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: In this thesis, I reevaluate current archaeological models of prehispanic Central Plateau obsidian exploitation systems through the analysis of a lithic collection dating to the Middle Classic Period through the Colonial Era from Cholula, Puebla, Mexico. Traditionally, absolute control over obsidian procurement and distribution networks in prehispanic Central Mexico has been attributed to various past states, namely those of Teotihuacan, Tula, and the (Aztec) Triple Alliance. Often in the literature these states are described as 'obsidian empires' that monopolized access to the sources and products of the major Mesoamerican obsidian source areas. And, obsidian consumption studies at sites across Ivlesoamerica have demonstrated the widespread distribution of central Mexican obsidian implements. However, few consumer studies of obsidian importation patterns at sites within close geographical proximity to the seats of these states, yet that existed somewhat independently of their political realms have been conducted. The ancient settlement of Cholula represents one such community. Yet, Cholula is an enigmatic site in prehispanic Central Mexican history and this thesis is meant to serve as an initial ingression into the possible significance of the Cholulan community's diachronic obsidian procurement-distribution-consumption behaviours for our understanding of Classic Period through Colonial Era Central Plateau political economic dynamics.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY OF AUSTENITE-FERRITE INTERFACE MOBILITY IN PURE IRON

contributor:
Hoyt, Jeff. J.
Purdy, Gary
Niewczas, Marek
Materials Engineering

subject: molecular dynamics Austenite-Ferrite massive transformation mobility iron interface disconnection

subject: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

subject: Computational Engineering

subject: Dynamic Systems

subject: Metallurgy

subject: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

abstract: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed on two-phase simulation cells were used to compute the Austenite (FCC) / Ferrite (BCC) boundary mobility in pure iron (Fe) over the temperature range of 600K - 1400K. An embedded atom method interatomic potential was used to model Fe and the driving force for interface motion is the free energy difference between the two phases, which was computed as a function of temperature using a thermodynamic integration technique. For low index FCC/BCC crystallographic orientations, no interface motion was observed. But for slight misorientations steps were introduced at the interphase and sufficient mobility was observed over MD time scales. A new interphase mechanism was found that instead of the moving of structure disconnection by diffusion control, growing of misfit dislocations in each steps were observed (interphase control). The interphase velocity could reach 2 m/s and the mobility at 1000K was approximately 0.001 mol-m/J-s. In agreement with previous MD studies of grain boundary mobility, we found that the activation energy for the austenite-ferrite boundary mobility was much lower than the values found from previous experiments.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Toward Realistic Stitching Modeling and Automation

contributor:
Patriciu, Alexandru
Biomedical Engineering

subject: stitching task

subject: computational model

subject: path planning algorithm

subject: robotic assisted surgery

subject: deformable object modeling

subject: Reproducing Kernel Particle Method

subject: Biomechanics and biotransport

subject: Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering

subject: Engineering

subject: Biomechanics and biotransport

abstract: This thesis presents a computational model of the surgical stitching tasks and a path planning algorithm for robotic assisted stitching. The overall goal of the research is to enable surgical robots to perform automatic suturing. Suturing comprises several distinct steps, one of them is the stitching. During stitching, reaching the desired exit point is difficult because it must be accomplished without direct visual feedback. Moreover, the stitching is a time consuming procedure repeated multiple times during suturing. Therefore, it would be desirable to enhance the surgical robots with the ability of performing automatic suturing. The focus of this work is on the automation of the stitching task. The thesis presents a model based path planning algorithm for the autonomous stitching. The method uses a nonlinear model for the curved needle - soft tissue interaction. The tissue is modeled as a deformable object using continuum mechanics tools. This thesis uses a mesh free deformable tissue model namely, Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM). RKPM was chosen as it has been proven to accurately handle large deformation and requires no re-meshing algorithms. This method has the potential to be more realistic in modeling various material characteristics by using appropriate strain energy functions. The stitching task is simulated using a constrained deformable model; the deformable tissue is constrained by the interaction with the curved needle. The stitching model was used for needle trajectory path planning during stitching. This new path planning algorithm for the robotic stitching was developed, implemented, and evaluated. Several simulations and experiments were conducted. The first group of simulations comprised random insertions from different insertion points without planning to assess the modeling method and the trajectory of the needle inside the tissue. Then the parameters of the simulations were set according to the measured experimental parameters. The proposed path planning method was tested using a surgical ETHICON needle of type SH 1=2 Circle with the radius of 8:88mm attached to a robotic manipulator. The needle was held by a grasper which is attached to the robotic arm. The experimental results illustrate that the path planned curved needle insertions are fifty percent more accurate than the unplanned ones. The results also show that this open loop approach is sensitive to model parameters.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The Traders in Rome's Eastern Commerce

contributor:
Haley, Evan
Eilers, Claude
Pope, Spencer
Classics

subject: Rome

subject: Eastern trade

subject: economy

subject: commerce

subject: Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity

subject: Classics

abstract: Rome’s Eastern trade flourished for over two centuries, from reign of Augustus to that of Caracalla, bringing highly valuable goods from India and East Africa to consumers in Rome, and this thesis examines the traders who operated in Egypt and transported goods between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. Chapter 1 examines the identities of the traders, in terms of ethnicity, wealth, and social standing, and also examines the evidence for the involvement of the imperial family in the Eastern trade, while Chapter 2 analyzes the many different customs dues, transit tolls, and other taxes imposed upon Eastern traders operating in Egypt. Chapter 3 presents an analysis of customs abuses, including the forms of abuses which occurred, legislative attempts to curb abuses, and the frequency of abuses. Chapter 4 investigates the potential for profits in the Eastern trade, taking into consideration the various expenses, such as transport fees and customs dues, incurred in the course of transporting the goods across Egypt, as well as the evidence for the value of Eastern goods at Rome.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Fast 3D Deformable Image Registration on a GPU Computing Platform

contributor: Alexandru Patriciu, Michael D. Noseworthy

subject:
GPU
Parallel Implementation
Image Registration
CUDA
Computer Engineering
Computer Engineering

abstract: Image registration has become an indispensable tool in medical diagnosis and intervention. The increasing need for speed and accuracy in clinical applications have motivated researchers to focus on developing fast and reliable registration algorithms. In particular, advanced deformable registration routines are emerging for medical applications involving soft-tissue organs such as brain, breast, kidney, liver, prostate, etc. Computational complexity of such algorithms are significantly higher than those of conventional rigid and affine methods, leading to substantial increases in execution time. In this thesis, we present a parallel implementation of a newly developed deformable image registration algorithm by Marami et al. [1] using the Computer Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). The focus of this study is on acceleration of the computations on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to reduce the execution time to nearly real-time for diagnostic and interventional applications. The algorithm co-registers preoperative and intraoperative 3-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) images of a deforming organ. It employs a linear elastic dynamic finite-element model of the deformation and distance measures such as mutual information and sum of squared difference to align volumetric image data sets. In this study, we report a parallel implementation of the algorithm for 3D-3D MR registration based on SSD on a CUDA capable NVIDIA GTX 480 GPU. Computationally expensive tasks such as interpolation, displacement and force calculation are significantly accelerated using the GPU. The result of the experiments carried out with a realistic breast phantom tissue shows a 37-fold speedup for the GPUbased implementation compared with an optimized CPU-based implementation in high resolution MR image registration. The CPU is a 3.20 GHz Intel core i5 650 processor with 4GB RAM that also hosts the GTX 480 GPU. This GPU has 15 streaming multiprocessors, each with 32 streaming processors, i.e. a total of 480 cores. The GPU implementation registers 3D-3D high resolution (512×512×136) image sets in just over 2 seconds, compared to 1.38 and 23.25 minutes for CPU and MATLAB-based implementations, respectively. Most GPU kernels which are employed in 3D-3D registration algorithm also can be employed to accelerate the 2D-3D registration algorithm in [1].

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: SLIPPING OUT OF THE OTHER AND INTO THE SELF: THE DISPLACEMENT OP DESIRE IN MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT'S A VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN

contributor:
O`Brien, S.
English

abstract: As a paradigmatic text in the trajectory of West em liberal feminism, Wollstonecraft's A Vindication if the Rights if Woman (1792) is routinely analysed primarily for its gendered implications. In a departure from conventional analyses, this reading of Wollstonecraft's feminist polemic attends to the heterogeneity that is constitutive of identity by focusing on how issues of gender, as well as race, class, nation, and sexuality collude and overlap to complicate constructions of femininity. Central to this treatment of the text is an awareness of how Wollstonecraft's identity as an English, middle-class woman impinges on both how and where she situates other identities in relation to her own. Racialized and classed Others, it is argued, provide Wollstonecraft with convenient sites for the displacement of the female desire that she views as dangerous and regressive. The act of displacement itself takes place again and again, revealing an anxiety about possible similarity between the bourgeois wife and her Others. While the fluctuation in the text between a rhetoric of identication and a rhetoric of differentiation is in part a manifestation of the contradictions and ambivalences that arise out of the process of stereotyping, it is also a persuasive devise that allows Wollstonecraft to insist that English bourgeois women's essential superiority from her Others is violated by a shared oppression. The tension between an avowal and disavowal of difference is thus a rhetorical strategy: by comparing the bourgeois Englishwoman to her Others abroad and at home, Wollstonecraft is able to represent her feminist demands not as radical, but as a reasonable attempt to maintain the moral superiority of her race and class.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Freedom: Contesting A Concept's Content

contributor:
Seaman, J. W.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
The liberal notion of freedom, that the individual has a right to pursue his own self-ascribed interests in his own way, is an intuitively appealing account of political freedom. On a theoretical level, however, this notion of freedom has traditionally been linked with justifications of capitalist market relations. These relations have themselves persistent+'Y been criticised by humanist theorists who have argued that they entail coercion and are "dehumanising". In their turn, humanist positions have consistently been criticised by liberals for opening up the possibility of coercion in the name of freedom. This raises the immediate question of whether liberals and humanists appeal to similar or substantially different notions of freedom in their arguments for and against capitalism.

In addressing this question this thesis raises a number of important theoretical issues. Through an examination of Lockean liberalism it is argued that there is, in fact, no necessary link between the liberal notion of freedom and the justification of capitalist appropriation. Indeed, it is argued that this notion of freedom could be used as a foundation for arguing in support of and justifying other forms of appropriation. Via a consideration of Marx's critique of capitalism it is argued that the concept of freedom that can be drawn out from this can be understood to be compatible with the liberal concept. By considering Marcuse's critique of advanced industrial society it is argued that it is only under certain conditions that humanist positions tend to justify coercion in the name of freedom.

Through a consideration of the compatibility between the liberal notion of freedom and that which is drawn out of Marx's critique of the capitalist mode of production, it is suggested that it would be possible to launch a critique of contemporary capitalism from the foundation provided by the liberal premise that the individual has a right to pursue his own self-ascribed interests in his own way. Finally, pointers are provided to the form that such a critique could take.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Transitions in British Editorial Germanophobia 1899-1914: A Case Study of J.L. Garvin, Leo Maxse and St. Loe Strachey

contributor:
Rempel, R. A.
History

subject: History History

abstract: In recent years a new interest has developed in the social and political influence of the Edwardian press. This interest has been expressed in two ways. The direct approach examines a single newspaper and concentrates on that paper's editor. The newspapers which are chosen for this type of examination are most often Radical papers. The second, but more indirect interest in the press, considered the influence of newspapers on the domestic origins of foreign policy. The newspapers employed here are Conservative papers and such studies reflect the fact that the Conservative press and such studies reflect the fact that the Conservative press was the primary disseinator of Germanophobia. Historians examining such domestic Conservative forces make only simplistic judgements concerning the Conservative press as there are no precise studies of leading Germanophobe journals. The diplomatic historians cannot draw on the modern studies being done of Radical newspapers for this press was traditionally Germanophile. The thesis bridges the interests in the Edwardian press by providing a detailed examination of three prominent Germanophobe editors. It illustrates that the Germanophobia of J. L. Garvin, Leo Maxse and St. Loe Strachey in the period between 1899 and 1914 was not directed primarily against Germany but was used as an editorial method of enhancing their own political interests. This Germanophobia was entirely domestic in its orientation and reflected the editors' Conservative philosophies. Through a detailed examination of the journals and private papers of Garvin, Maxse and Strachey this thesis traces the development of their Germanophobia in the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the Great War. The historical development of Germanophobia prior to 1906 is explored to identify the elements which typically constituted Germanophobia. The editors took these elements and forged them into a unique political weapon. By 1908, the editors had established a fully developed form of editorial Germanophobia with which they constantly assailed all aspects of the Liberal administration. The editors had all but abandoned their editorial Germanophobia by 1912. This was not a decision which reflected any major change in the international situation, but coincided with crucial domestic developments. The passage of the Parliament Act in 1911 allowed the Liberals to introduce their Home Rule Bill which nearly precipitated a civil war. Garvin, Maxse and Strachey responded to this crises as Unionist partisans. They directly attacked the Liberals over this one issue while ignoring the many other areas where they previously has employed their Germnaophobia. The approach and first months of the Great War places the editors' prewar Germanophobic into sharp relief. The wartime Germanophobia which permeated all of the British press was typified by a virulent anti-German sentiment. This element had never been present in the earlier editorials of Garvin, Maxse and Strachey. Indeed, prior to the war the editors' papers had reflected a grudging admiration for the Germans. The failure to distinguish between these two forms of Germanophobia has led to a major misconception of the role of the Conservative press in Edwardian politics.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: RISK, RESISTANCE AND RESILIENCE OF HIGH-RISK WOMAN ABUSE SURVIVORS

contributor:
Sinding, Christina
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
Once understood as a personal concern, violence against women has been reconceptualized over the past thirty years as a societal problem (Standing Committee on Social Development, 1982). With increasing public attention to woman abuse, researchers have worked to understand what kinds of interventions might ameliorate this tragic phenomenon. Yet very few researchers have asked abused women for their views about interventions designed for their safety by social and police service agencies.

This interview study explored five women's experiences of a Community Safety Protection Program (CSPP), a program intended to prevent future violence or deaths of "high risk" women at the hands of male partners or former partners. The central aim in the research was to situate the CSPP in the context of abused women's struggles and achievements: to examine how the CSPP contributes to their sense of safety, how it enables their resistance, and how it supports their strengths.

The CSPP was found to have benefits beyond the stated intention of the program: it appears that the CSPP may be part of an important shift in the balance of power between a woman and her abusive former partner, changing the nature of her resistance and increasing her entitlement to safety. Interviews also reveal that women's risk of violence persists over time, and suggest careful attention to the match between women's circumstances and the length of time the program is offered. Interviews also highlighted a central paradox: the program's power to protect women can also work to oppress them. The positive impact the CSPP has on women's lives is undeniable; however changes in practice need to take place to mitigate the potential for disempowerment of the recipients of the CSPP.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: CONVENTIONAL MORALITY: A CONTEMPORARY ETHICAL DEBATE SEEN IN PERSPECTIVE

contributor:
Simpson, J.E.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: The thesis deals with a contemporary debate between R.M. Hare and Philippa Foot, both of Oxford University, over the fact-value distinction. It centres on their dispute over the meaning of moral terms, the content of moral principles and argument, but attempts to place the debate in its historical context, thus drawing out the main reasons for its importance.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A STUDY OF THE EMERGING URBAN CAPITALIST PSYCHOLOGY OF MID-VICTORIAN LONDON IN THE NOVELS OF CHARLES DICKENS

contributor:
Petrie, Graham
English

abstract:
My thesis argues that Charles Dickens is a city-novelist who documents urban life and the urban capitalist psychology of mid-Victorian London. London (along with New York) was the first modern metropolis and the prototype for the modern city. Culturally, socially, but especially economically, mid-Victorian London flourished and profoundly shaped urban life. Dickens t s novels during the 1850s and 1860s analyze the new phenomena of urban life, financial capitalism, and the urban consciousness of the individual within it.

I have decided to focus specifically on Bleak House, Little Dorrit, and Great Expectations. I have excluded Hard Times for the simple reason that the novel is not set in London and is concerned with industrial capitalism. A Tale of Two Cities, although partly set in London, is also not discussed here because its historical setting obviously excludes the atmosphere of urban life in 1850s London. The remaining three novels written during this period, although set in the 1820s, abound with the contemporary atmosphere of mid-Victorian London. The thesis places the novels within the historical reality of London as an urban financial centre in order to accurately understand the historical context of Dickens's social vision. In doing so it shows that Dickens's novels express a great awareness of fundamental truths about urban life and human psychology; a study of which gives fresh impetus to the understanding of our own "urban" culture--now aptly called the global village.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)