title: Analyzing impacts of brush saw and herbicide treatments on branching and stem quality in northern Ontario jack pine plantations

subject:
Conifer release treatments
Stem and branch quality (jack pine)
Stem mortality
Silvicultural treatments
Herbicide (forest management)
Brush saw treatments
Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)

abstract:
In an industry where new science is ever-evolving, forest managers must
constantly look towards research to guide best practices in achieving the highest quality
forest product. Three common silvicultural treatments (aerial spray of Vision®
herbicide, motor manual brush saw, and complete removal with repeated applications of
Vision® herbicide) were used on two separate sites located in eastern and western
Ontario. This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of both treatment and
site (as well as the combination of the two factors) on both stem and branch quality of
jack pine crop trees.
When consideration of tree mortality was included in the analysis, it was found that
aerial spray yielded best overall results for both branch and stem quality and that the
difference in treatment means can be considered statistically significant (p < 0.05).
When dead stems were removed from the analysis however, it was found that treatment
type did not have a significant effect on stem quality. This did not remain true for
branching quality, where tests of the remaining live trees showed a significant difference
in values among the various treatments, with control providing best average branching
quality scores. Finally, a significant difference was found to exist in stem quality
between the two sites, with the E.B. Eddy site proving better average vales.
Average stem mortality was also investigated, and it was found that the addition of
herbicide treatments yielded better stem survival of the jack pine crop trees, with the
worst average stem survival occurring in the untreated sites.


title: Anger, hostility and aggression : the psychometric capabilities of a revised Buss-Durkee inventory

subject:
Psychometrics
Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory

abstract:
It would appear that the emotion 'anger* together with
hostile attitudes and aggressive behaviors is receiving
more attention in the clinical literature. Within
clinics, themselves, more programs are being developed to
deal with anger and its sequelae. This has lead to the
need for psychometric devices to assess anger, etc., more
meaningfully. The Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory was
originally developed to assess certain aspects of anger
but proved to, be psychometrically questionable. This
device does, however, present an item pool that makes
intuitive sense. The current project, then, did^y in
essence: a) rewrite the items such that the behaviors may
be ranked on a Likert-type scale (Research work has
demonstrated the ambiguity and lack of power of true/false
formats), and b) run a preliminary work-up on the revised
test using participants from introductory psychology
classes. This procedure was conducted in two stages, the
first being an item analysis. This was done through a
factor analysis; principal component with iteration
followed by an oblique rotation. On this basis,
factorially pure scales were generated. An analysis of the
internal consistency of each new scale was then modified
further to assure high homogeneity. Some preliminary
validation was then assayed by correlating the scales with
a related instrument developed by Novaco. It was expected
that 'hostility-related* scales would correlate with this device. The second stage consisted of the revised scales
being administered to a new group for cross-validation
(that is, a corroborative factor analysis with oblique
rotation was conducted). The internal consistency of the
scales was analyzed further and an anova was run using the
revised scales against gender and a measure developed by
Crowne and Marlowe(1960) designed to detect the influence
of item endorsement on the basis of social desirability.


title: The mother figure in the history plays of William Shakespeare

abstract: I have chosen the topic of the mother figure in the history plays of William Shakespeare because it is a subject that has not received as much attention as other, perhaps more important aspects of Shakespeare's work that have been under constant discussion. Only the figures of Volumnia and Constance have been given their due, receiving considerable treatment as mothers, but the other women have either been discussed as females in love or have been neglected altogether.


title: Examining the “sadder but wiser” paradox: are those high in dispositional self-reflection likely to journal, and do they benefit?

subject:
Self-reflection
Journaling
Psychological well-being
Mental health

abstract:
Self-reflection is the tendency to reflect on one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. It has a
strong foundation in psychology for conferring self-knowledge and self-awareness. Journaling is
an example of an activity that requires much self-reflection, and as an intervention has positive
effects on mood, wellbeing, and the ability to proactively ward off stress. Paradoxically,
however, self-reflection may also be associated with mental health symptoms, possibly through
its relationship with rumination. Gaps exist in the literature as to whether self-reflection predicts
one’s choice to journal, as well as whether self-reflection affects the extent to which journaling
confers benefit. In the current study, participants (N = 152) had access to a smartphone app with
various features, including a journal. They were encouraged to use the app throughout a 28-day
period, choosing which features to use and for how long, and completed self-report measures at
baseline, midpoint, and post-app periods. I hypothesized baseline self-reflection would predict
journal usage, and that self-reflection would affect the extent to which journaling was associated
with improvement in affect, self-regulation, and psychological wellbeing. Unexpectedly, using
count regression models, self-reflection did not predict journal usage, though both rumination
and keeping a journal outside of the study predicted the choice to journal. Multilevel models also
revealed that, as expected, time spent journaling was associated with lower negative affect and
higher self-regulation and psychological wellbeing over time, though some of these effects were
diminished when accounting for time spent using other app features. Further, as hypothesized,
higher baseline self-reflection was associated with greater improvement in psychological
wellbeing the more one journaled, even when controlling for rumination. Findings highlight the
benefit of journaling to promote wellbeing when self-reflection is high, although those higher in
rumination may be more likely to engage in the behaviour to begin with.


title: Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and pituitary of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

subject:
Thyrotropin releasing factor
Rainbow trout
Goldfish


title: Analgesic effects of acupuncture on the pain of ice water : a double blind study

contributor:
Jamieson, John
Allen, Ken
Satinder, Paul
Wood, Keith

subject:
acupuncture
ice water

abstract:
THESIS
Submitted to the Faculty of Arts
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Master of Arts

abstract:
Analgesic effects of acupuncture were demonstrated under double blind conditions. Thirty female subjects were randomly assigned to either an acupuncture condition, or one of two placebo conditions. Placebo 1 did not receive any needles, Placebo 2 received acupuncture at inappropriate sites. The three groups were then tested on the same standardized pain task (immersion of hand in ice water). The acupuncture group's pain ratings were significantly lower than the ratings of the placebo groups. These
results are interpreted as support for the position that acupuncture analgesia has a physiological basiS, and is not simply due to suggestion.


title: Cross-sectional examination of sex differences in depressed youth : ruminative response theory, pubertal status, and hormones / by Jennifer L. Welsh.

contributor:
Mazmanian, Dwight
Oinonen, Kirsten
O'Connor, Brian

subject:
Depression, Mental
Depression in adolescence
Sex differences

abstract: "Prevalence estimates indicate that during adolescence a shift in the sex ratio of depression occurs that results in twice as many females reporting symptoms as males. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between this sex shift and a set of risk factors (ruminative coping, pubertal status, and hormones) using the tripartite model. Data were collected from 213 adolescents (between ages 12 and 19) across all stages of pubertal development (pre-, mid-, and post-puberty) through paper and pencil questionnaires and measures of hand features.


title: Focusing on the future: Congolese students’ perceptions of and experiences with secondary education in Nyarugusu Camp

contributor:
Agbo, Seth
Grover, Sonja
O'Sullivan, Michael

subject:
Refugee education
Education in emergencies
Protracted refugee camp settings
Refugee youth
Constructivist grounded theory
Secondary education ( Nyarugusu Camp)

abstract:
In Nyarugusu Camp, one of the world’s largest refugee camps, only 7% of youth are
enrolled in secondary school. While literature on refugee education has focused almost
exclusively on organizational aspects of planning and monitoring education, this study utilized a
symbolic interactionist framework and constructivist grounded theory methods to explore
youths’ perceptions of and experiences with education, in an attempt to better understand what it
means to be a secondary school student in the camp.
Thirty-one written response participants and fifteen individual interview participants
shared their thoughts and experiences surrounding how their perceptions of education develop
and are supported by family and community attitudes and reactions. The findings highlighted
some of the ways in which perceptions of education are both developed and confirmed. Findings
also revealed that youth face numerous challenges in their pursuit of secondary education, but
that they cope with these challenges by “toughing it out,” or focusing on the potential of the
future, in providing both their basic needs and a sense of fulfillment and accomplishment, should
they reach their goal of completing secondary education.
Overall, this study adds substantively to the small, but growing, body of independent
research on refugees in refugee camp situations. In particular, this study adds to the
understanding of the educational perceptions and experiences of Congolese youth, specifically,
in Nyarugusu Camp, which is one of the world’s oldest and largest, but often more forgotten,
refugee camps.


title: Amenable semigroups and ergodicity

subject:
Group theory
Ergodic theory


title: Paleoecology of a wild rice (Zizania spp.) lake in Northwestern Ontario

contributor:
Boyd, Matthew
Hamilton, Scott

subject: Paleovegetation of Whitefish Lake

subject: Wild rice

subject: Late Holocene archaeology in Northwestern Ontario

abstract:
The high density of archaeological sites around Whitefish Lake, coupled with abundant wild rice currently growing there circumstantially indicates that this resource was economically important to precontact people. This study analyzes lake sediment cores to reconstruct the paleoecology of Whitefish Lake and document the antiquity of wild rice (Zizania spp.).
A vibracorer was used to obtain a 4.5 m core from Whitefish Lake that was sampled for pollen and phytoliths at 2 cm intervals. Three additional short cores were obtained to study the modern pollen and phytolith sequence that were likely missed using the vibracorer. These cores revealed several events: 1) a deep-water phase, likely related to proglacial Lake O’Connor, followed by a Mid-Holocene arid period; and 2) the identification of wild rice microfossils dating back to roughly 6,000 cal yr BP. This research also establishes the utility of multiproxy analysis involving both pollen and phytoliths to track paleovegetation changes.
The analysis also revealed the early forest that inhabited the area prior to the drying event that persisted throughout the mid-Holocene. The ped-like structures within the Whitefish Lake core, coupled with other evidence of a buried forest at the Old Fort William site (Boyd et al., 2010; Kingsmill, 2011) demonstrate the consequences of the warming and drying trends of the early to mid Holocene. Sediment and pollen profile analysis of the mid-section of the core indicate that by 4,905 cal yr BP the Whitefish Lake basin had started to fill up again with water. The subsequent bioproductivity of the lake is indicated by the sapropel in the sediment.


title: Growth of wild rice, Zizania aquatica L., in flocculent sediments

subject: Wild rice

abstract:
The objectives of this research were to classify sediments from wild rice
lakes, and to examine, in detail, one type of sediment that is not suitable for
commercial production of wild rice.
Based on physical and chemical differences, cluster and discriminant analysis
classified sediments from 39 potential and existing wild rice lakes into clay, organic,
flocculent, organic-flocculent, organic-clay, and organic over clay (organic/clay)
types. The major differences among the six sediment types were the percent loss on
ignition, bulk density, phosphorus and cation content, and pH values. Wild rice
production was best in organic, organic over clay, and organic-clay sediments.
Flocculent, clay, and organic-flocculent sediments produced the lowest dry weights
of individual plants.
Organic-flocculent and organic/clay sediments were examined for further
physical and chemical differences, as well as seasonal nutrient trends and wild rice
production. Organic-flocculent and organic/clay sediments were found to have
C:N>10, and similar inorganic biogenic composition, mineral content, pH, and redox
values. Major differences in nutrient values were found to exist between the
sediments. Lower nutrient values (except N) in organic-flocculent sediment appear
to be closely linked to the origin, type, and degree of decomposition of the organic
material within the sediment. A comparison of seasonal nutrient trends between
organic-flocculent and organic/clay sediments showed no nutrient depletion during
the exponential growth of wild rice.
Fertilizer trials and foliar nutrient deficiency symptoms determined which
nutrients were limiting production in organic-flocculent sediments. Phosphorus was found to be the main limiting nutrient; nitrogen deficiency played a secondary role.
Plants grown in unfertilized organic-flocculent sediments displayed the purple leaves
and slower maturation rate characteristic of phosphorus deficiency.


title: Trickster chases the tale of education

contributor:
Iseke, Judy
McGregor, Deborah
Wolf, Sandra

subject:
Tricksters
Indians of North America
Education
Canada
Native peoples

abstract: The research story is a narrative woven of [the author's] own self reflections, the voice of the co-researchers, and traditional Mi'kmaw story characters. The story follows a group of community members from Wildcat First Nation and staff members from the North Queens School as we collaborate and learn initially through a salmon project based in the community and then through the implementation of a native studies course in the school. Both initiatives reflect our efforts to center and legitimate Mi'kmaw knowledge in the school. As the work progressed, we were repairing and strengthening the threads of interconnectivity between people involved in the project and between people and other life of the land.


title: The effects of spacing and genetic factors on growth and tree form quality traits of plantation-grown jack pine

contributor:
Parker, William H.
Morris, D.
Brown, K.
Charrette, Paul

subject:
Jack pine growth
Jack pine genetics
Jack pine spacing
Tree form quality traits
Genetic correlation

abstract:
Overall tree form ofjack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) growing in natural stands
varies from straight slender trees with compact crowns to broad, limby and even multi-stemed
trees. Jack pine grown in plantations at conventional spacings of 2 m develops
form traits undesirable for forestry utilization. The goal of this study was to investigate
the effects and interaction of spacing and genetic factors on plantation-grown jack pine to
determine the potential benefit of a selection program based on form traits. Ten wind-pollinated
families were collected from each of six natural fire-origin stands from east
and west of Lake Nipigon in northwestern Ontario that had been subjectively rated as
good, average and poor in form. These sixty families making up six form-quality groups,
together with an additional twenty plus tree families making up two more form-quality
groups, were established at two planting sites with contrasting soil texture and fertility at
spacings of 1, 2 and 3 m. Eight tree form quality traits—branch length, branch diameter,
branch angle, branch number, relative branch diameter, relative crown width, number of
crooks, and taper were measured and analyzed together with two growth traits—height
and diameter at breast height (DBH) at age eight. General linear models were used to
evaluate the effects of site, spacing, form-quality group, family and the relevant
interactions on all traits except number of crooks which was not normally distributed. All
jack pine growth and form traits except branch number were greatly affected by spacing.
Most of the change in form traits occurred when spacing increased from 1 to 2 m with
lesser change from 2 to 3 m. This effect was more pronounced at the more fertile test site.
Form-quality groups were significantly different for only two of the form traits—branch
length and branch angle with this effect again being more evident at the fertile test site.
However, the family effect was significant for all seven tested form traits as well as the
two growth traits suggesting that any of these traits would readily respond to family
selection. A definite provenance effect was demonstrated for growth traits and stem
taper; the western sources grew faster with more favourable taper. None of the form quality
group X spacing nor the family x spacing interactions were significant.
Heritabilities and genetic correlations were determined for all traits separately for each
spacing at each test site. Traits height, branch angle and taper had the highest
heritabilities, with individual heritabilities of greater than 0.15, and the traits branch
diameter, relative branch diameter and relative crown width had values less than 0.05.
The two growth traits together with growth-related form traits tended to be strongly
positively correlated with the exception of height and relative crown width. However,
branch angle and branch number showed no strong correlations with any other tree form
and growth traits. Both heritabilities and genetic correlations were more meaningful for
the more fertile test site due to larger components of family variance.


title: The effects of intelligence on responses of young children after viewing aggressive and non-aggressive cartoon models

subject: Aggressiveness (Child psychology)

abstract: Based on the research in social learning theory and aggression, the objectives of the following study are threefold: (1) to assess the effect of intelligence on the modelling process, (2) to extend current findings on modelling of aggression from simple repetitive laboratory models to complex cartoon models as found on commercial television, and (3) to assess modelling of aggressive and non-aggressive behaviour from characters in a cartoon setting to dissimilar environments.


title: Exploration of the views of volunteers in outdoor recreation within a social economy framework / by Carrie McClelland.

contributor:
Johnston, Margaret
Lemelin, Harvey
Nelson, Connie

subject: Volunteers - Psychological aspects

subject: Outdoor recreation - Psychological aspects

subject: Volunteers - Social aspects

subject: Social capital

subject: Social economy

abstract:
Volunteers play a significant role in providing important services to a community.  Not only do these services create opportunities for community members to participate in a variety of activities, but they also offer numerous benefits for the individual volunteer.  The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of volunteers in outdoor recreation regarding their contributions to community and personal well-being. This topic is
investigated within a social economy framework in order to effectively understand the place of volunteering in community processes. Using a qualitative approach, 13 exploratory interviews were conducted with outdoor recreation volunteers in Whitehorse during the spring and summer of 2007. The open interview format allowed study participants the freedom to discuss how they felt their volunteer work contributed to their personal well-being, as well as to the greater community. A modified snowball sampling technique was easily applied combining community referrals and systematic cold calling.  Interview transcripts were coded to organise passages under common themes. The findings from this study are grouped under five areas of interest; Lifestyle and Sense of Identity, Personal Benefits, Community Benefits, Pressure, and The Influence of Money.
It was found that individuals receive benefits such as increase knowledge, social connections, and empowerment from volunteering in outdoor recreation and that the community receives these benefits through their work. These benefits relate to the social economy through their contributions to community development and exchanges in social
capital.


title: Feel the Power Feel Fit Girls program : a formative evaluation / by Alison Lorraine Massey.

contributor:
Montelpare, William
Dwyer, John

subject: Feel the Power Feel Fit Girls Program Evaluation

subject: Teenage girls - Physical fitness

subject: Physical fitness for youth

subject: Hamilton (Ontario)

abstract:
This research study set out to formatively evaluate a physical activity program directed at female adolescents. The program, Feel the Power Feel Fit Girls (FTPFFG) is run by Hamilton Public Health Services and funded by Healthy Living Hamilton. Its aim is to provide accessible physical activity opportunities to adolescent females in their schools with the hopes of educating them about the importance of physical activity, reducing physical activity barriers, increasing
their physical activity self-efficacy, and ultimately increasing their physical activity levels.
Qualitative information was collected via focus groups and key informant interviews from teachers. Youth Advisors, female participants. Public Health Nurses, and principals who participated in the program. Quantitative data, in the form of a questionnaire, was given to a select number of female secondary students in each grade who did not participate in the program
to determine reasons for their lack of involvement and what might encourage them to join in.
Four main themes surfaced from the interviews and focus groups: the overall culture of the school, including the physical activity culture, successes of the program, challenges, and areas for improvement. The results shed some light in terms of what is working well, and where improvements can be made to make the program more effective.
While both schools provided some similar information in terms of successes and challenges, both schools were unique in their school culture. Therefore, the program will need to be adapted to meet the needs at each individual school in order to be successful. Each school had varying levels of support as well. In order for the program to thrive, teachers, students and
the PHN involved in the program, need to believe in the program as well as have the time to commit to it. The results of this study will be helpful to make the FTPFFG program more effective. They will also be useful to other program planners interested in creating a physical activity program aimed at adolescent females.


title: Postmodern imaginative constructivism for STSE understanding

contributor:
Chambers, Joan
Kerr, Don

subject: Egan's cognitive tool model

subject: Imaginative development

subject: McGinn's definition of science and technology

subject: Modernist foundations of science education

subject: Postmodernism

subject: Science and technology on society and the environment (STSE)

abstract:
The influences of science and technology on society and the environment (STSE) have
been an integral component of the formal educational curricula for four decades, and yet
industrialized countries frequently struggle to balance the benefits of science and technology
with the social justice and environmental issues inherent to contemporary society. Canadian
citizens often fail to connect scientific and technological understandings with the subtle and yet
ubiquitous personal, political, cultural, environmental, and social consequences that result from
these understandings. This phenomenological research will explore potential discourses of
control within education and society that may preclude authentic, contextual, and meaningful
understandings of science and technology relative to their significant consequences, and an
imaginative adaptation of Egan's Ironic Understanding and McGinn's Foreground and
Background Dimensions to imaginatively express an awareness of postmodern STSE
understandings. This research is designed to explore student understandings of how the diverse
and complex influences of science and technology affect students through postmodern,
imaginative, and constructivist photography. Participants demonstrated a limited Ironic
Understanding of STSE, a critical awareness of specific modernist influences, increased personal
and affective connections to science and technology, and an awareness of the duality of STSE.
Participants' photographic artifacts can be utilized to inform teaching and learning strategies in
order to purposefully craft curriculum and lesson plan design for personalized and engaging
learning opportunities that incorporate students' awareness of STSE.


title: Alternative uses for waste products from biomass burners

subject:
Biomass burning
Renewable energy
Thermal energy
Woody biomass
Waste products (biomass burning)
Biochar
Wood ash waste (alternative uses)

abstract:
Woody biomass has become an important source of renewable energy
throughout the world. A major issue that has risen from the increased use of combustion
technology to produce thermal energy is the large amount of waste products left over
from biomass burning. Currently, the majority of waste products from biomass burning,
such as ash and biochar, is landfilled. Hence, there is a need to find alternative uses for
the waste products from biomass burning to promote its use and increase sustainability.
There are several uses of ash inside and outside the forestry industry. Ash can be used to
replace nutrients lost during harvesting and can be used to stabilize forest roads. It also
serves many functions in the construction industry such as being used as an additive in
industrial processes. There are also several limitations and barriers to the use of ash,
such as government regulation. This article will discuss the properties, uses and barriers
to the use of wood ash.


title: Urban archaeology and McKellar Island social history

subject:
Urban archaeology Ontario Fort William
Industries Ontario Fort William History
Harbors Ontario Fort William History

abstract: "This paper examines the way in which archaeology can contribute to the study of McKellar Island. McKellar Island has seen ancillary developments as Fort William emerged from its fur trade past to become a major transhipment hub, as well as a key regional centre. This paper presents a social history of McKellar Island in relation to regional and national develolpment, viewing the process of its evolution as a response to those external factors. Key themes in McKellar Island's development, such as Aboriginal and freemen land use, mining and land speculation, and industrial potential, are important in the evolution of its role in the post-industrial city of Thunder Bay."--Abstract


title: Genetic variation in growth and yield components of juvenile balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) growing in northwestern Ontario / by Frank Schnekenburger

subject:
Poplar Ontario, Northwestern
Poplar
Forest genetics

abstract:
A nursery and greenhouse study of balsam poplar (Populus
balsamifera L.) were carried out in Thunder Bay, Ontario, to
study the extent and nature of variation in growth and its
relation to the following yield components: phenology,
assimilation rate, leaf morphology, and assimilate distribution.
The studies involved clones of four sources of balsam poplar
selected along an approximate latitudinal gradient: N. Wisconsin
(45-46®N), Thunder Bay (48-49®N), Pickle Lake (51-52®N), and
Severn River (53-54®N). As part of the greenhouse study, the
effects of a reduction in the daily period of photosynthate
production were studied. For this purpose, plants were grown
under either a normal or reduced photosynthetic period of
approximately 16 or 8 hours per day, respectively. The reduced
photosynthetic period was achieved W covering plants with opaque
shade cloth from 4:00 p.m. of one day until 8:00 a.m. of the next
day. Low-level incandescent lighting provided cua 18-hour
photoperiod that prevented height growth cessation under both
photos3mthetic periods.
The nursery study demonstrated significant variation among
clones of the Thunder Bay and Pickle Lake sources, in terms of
date of bud break and growth cessation, initial plant height, and
total shoot elongation. Date of growth cessation differed
significantly between sources, occurring eight days earlier for
the Pickle Lake source than for the Thunder Bay source; source
differences in date of bud breads: were not significant. Total
shoot elongation was moderately correlated with date of growth
cessation, but not with date of bud break.
The greenhouse study entailed assessment of clones from all
four sources. Clonal variation was significant in terms of leaf,
stem, and root dry weight; leaf area and number; shoot length;
and root number. Relative growth rate (RGR) differed
significantly among sources; clonal variation in RGR and in
relative leaf weight growth rate (RLwGR) and relative leaf area
growth rate (RLaGR) was significant for some sources, but not
others. Differences in RGR were closely linked to differences in
unit leaf rate, but not to leaf growth characteristics. Plants
under the reduced photosynthetic period produced less dry weight
and leaf area, fewer leaves, and less shoot growth than those
lander the normal photosynthetic period. Relative growth rate,
unit leaf rate, and the allometric constant relating the relative
rate of shoot growth to that of root growth were also lower under
the reduced photosynthetic period. Leaf area ratio was greater
under the reduced photosynthetic period, largely due to greater
specific leaf area. Marked changes in clonal rankings based on
relative growth rates suggest that differences exist among the
clones studied in their response to the reduced photosynthetic
period. In general, the reduced photosynthetic period affected
the southern sources to a lesser degree than the northern
sources.


title: Macro- and micro-structure comparison of ancient and modern iron-rich stromatolites

subject: Regional geology

subject: Mineralogy

subject: Modern stromatolites (ferromanganese nodules)

abstract:
The Gunflint and Biwabik Formations comprise the middle units of the Paleoproterozoic Animikie Group that crop out near the northwestern shore of Lake Superior. Stromatolitic units were investigated and sampled at 9 outcrop sites, 4 mine sites and in 12 drill-cores. Controversy exists as to whether the stromatolitic units that are now composed of chert were deposited as a silica gel or represent carbonate replaced by chert. There is also debate in the literature as to whether the iron oxides that coat many microfossils are primary or deposited during later diagenesis. Younger examples of siliceous stromatolites are very rare and iron hydroxides coating bacteria are only known from limited modern environments. Thus, understanding the primary composition of the Gunflint microbialites will provide information on ocean chemistry during this interval.
Three stromatolitic members have previously been described within these formations: the Lower Stromatolitic Member containing stromatolites that grow directly on the peneplained Archean basement or on the conglomerate which forms the base of the Animikie Group, a Middle Member 45 to 50 meters above the base, and the Stromatolitic Limestone Member at the top of the formation directly beneath the Sudbury impact layer. Based on this work, a new Upper Stromatolitic Member 50 meters below the Limestone Member in the Gunflint Formation was recognized. This member contains abundant iron-silica-carbonate-manganese oncolites, and is correlative to stromatolitic units described from the Biwabik. The oncolites represent a primary-to-very-early authigenic, precipitated mineral assemblage. The accretion of lacustrine ferromanganese nodules at the sediment-water redox boundary provides a modern analogue for the development of the oncolites described in this work.
The presence of exceptionally well-preserved, hematite coated microfossils, encased in chert in the relatively unmetamorphosed Middle Stromatolitic Member together with positive cerium and europium anomalies indicates that these sediments were deposited at a redox boundary in ocean waters near saturation with respect to silica and iron. Conversely, precipitates containing carbonaceous filaments in the Lower Stromatolitic Member contain a distinct negative cerium anomaly, indicating deposition in an oxidized environment.
Alternating manganese- and iron-rich laminae within the Upper Stromatolitic Member indicate a fluctuating redoxcline and oxygen levels in the shallow subtidal to peritidal environments within the Animikie Basin. The fluctuation reduces the Fe:Mn ratio, allowing for the less readily oxidized manganese to precipitate. The presence of dehydration cracks which cross-cut original ooid and stromatolitic laminae indicate that deposition of the silica and iron most probably occurred as amorphous gels of opal-A and iron hydroxides.
This study strongly indicates the Gunflint and Biwabik stromatolites were originally siliceous and formed by a different precipitation mechanism than that of Proterozoic carbonate stromatolites or modern agglutinated forms.


title: Wildfire dynamics of mixedwood boreal forests in central Canada

contributor:
Chen, Han
Bergeron, Yves
Wang, Jian
MacGillivray, John
Gluck, Michael

subject:
Wildfires
Environmental aspects
Canada, Central
Taigas
Effect of wildfires on
Forest and forestry
Effect of fires on

abstract: Natural disturbances play a key role to forest regeneration, nutrient cycling, wildlife habitat, biodiversity, and climate regulation. A synthesis of literature indicated that boreal forest stand structure is largely a construct of the regional fire regime and time since-stand-replacing fire (TSF). Regional differences in fire frequency exist across the boreal forest based primarily on broad-scale climatic patterns, with local-scale variations dependant on vegetation, fuels, and physiographic features. Fire frequency has also been shown to vary according to human activities, although the magnitude and influence (increase or decrease) is non-uniform, creating multiple instances of spatially mixed fire frequencies.


title: Indices of branch contribution to bole growth in Pinus resinosa Ait.

subject:
Red pine
Trees - Growth

abstract:
The contribution of individual branches to the
current annual xylem increment of the main stem of six
young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) was investigated.
Logical estimates of branch productivity including:
branch foliage dry weight, current extension length of the
primary branch axis, and the current annual xylem
increment measured as ring width at branch base
(CAXI-branch base); were related to wood growth on the
tree bole. CAXI-branch base was hypothesized to be the
best single indicator of a branch's contribution to
bolewood growth. This parameter was incorporated into a
crown vigor index (CVI) designed to simulate vertically
distributed bolewood increment. CVI was also related to other similar bole growth simulation models.
No clear correspondence was found between the
vertical distribution of the annual bolewood increment and
the branch parameters: foliage dry weight, current
extension length of the primary branch axis, and
CAXI-branch base. The regularity of these branch
parameter measurements throughout the tree crown compared
to a well defined bolewood increment pattern suggested,
however, that an indirect relationship between the two existed.
The incorporation of CAXI-branch base into the crown
vigor index made it possible to statistically relate this
branch parameter to actual bolewood increment. CVI bole
growth simulations, in general, corresponded closely to
bolewood increment values. Notable exceptions occured on
trees with anomalous growth patterns and at points of
localized bending stress. CVI bole growth simulations
proved to be superior to other bole growth models of
similar construction.
The technique for measuring CAXI-branch base is a
destructive process which is complex and tedious. A
practical modification to the CVI model was to estimate
CAXI-branch base from readily obtainable branch
parameters. The best estimate of CAXI-branch base was the
product total branch foliage dry weight and the current
extension length of the primary branch axis.


title: Establishment and early growth of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) in relation to selected nursery lifting and storage practices

subject:
Black spruce
Black spruce seedlings, Bareroot
Bareroot nursery practice
Root growth capacity
Seedling establishment
Stomatal conductance

abstract:
Problems associated with the establishment and early growth of overwinter frozen stored black
spruce {Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedlings led to research on the effects of selected nursery lifting and
storage practices on post-planting performance. The broad objective was to evaluate important
physiological and morphological response attributes of fall lifted, overwinter frozen stored, spring lifted,
cool stored, and freshly lifted 1V2 + 1 V2black spruce transplants during concurrent potting and field trials
established in May and June, 1987. The potting trials were conducted in a controlled environment
chamber under two soil water regimes (well-watered vs. water stressed). The outplanting trials were
conducted on a cultivated nursery soil and the scarified soil of a regional outplanting site. The nursery
trial included undisturbed (i.e. not planted, thinned in situ), control seedlings as an additional treatment.
The research conducted under controlled environment conditions indicated that the selected liftingstorage
treatments affect early plant water relations through interactions with both root growth capacity
and stomatal function. Most importantly, the fall lifted seedlings exhibited prolific root growth but
showed poor stomatal control over transpirational losses. In contrast, the spring lifted seedlings showed
poorer root growth but maintained better stomatal control over transpirational losses. Shoot-tissue water
relations determined using the pressure-volume technique varied between lifting-storage treatments, water
regimes, and potting times and often showed a lack of agreement between the selected parameters. Pre-potting
osmotic potentials at full turgor and the turgor loss point increased between potting times for all
seedlings. In general, post-planting osmotic potentials were lower for the water stressed than well-watered
seedlings and increased with renewed bud and shoot activity. Physiological response differed between the
fall and spring lifted seedlings under field conditions and generally compared with the results of the
potting trials. After one growing season, the undisturbed seedlings were clearly larger than any of the
outplants, particularly the spring lifted, stored seedlings. Regardless of variations in physiological and
morphological response, all seedlings showed acceptable growth and survival after one growing season.


title: Community-powered local energy planning and transitioning in off-grid northwestern Ontario First Nation communities

contributor:
Shahi, Chander
Smith, Peggy
Cornwell, Adam

subject: Community energy planning

subject: Energy systems in Canada's remote communities

subject: Energy transition

subject: Off-grid sustainable energy

subject: First Nations energy plans

abstract: Accessing reliable and affordable electricity is a challenge for Canada’s remote First Nations in northwestern Ontario. These off-grid communities rely on expensive and environmentally harmful diesel-powered electricity, resulting in high electricity costs and limited socio-economic growth. Thus, the communities are transitioning to address these limitations through local energy planning to better meet local challenges and community development goals. This research study provides an insight into the challenges of local energy planning for off-grid First Nations and explores several key questions through its transition: (i) the contextual complexities in Canada’s energy system that affect a bottom-up, community-based energy project; (ii) the socio-cultural and capacity building gaps when developing local energy solutions; and (iii) community energy planning as a pathway to reconciliation. A Community-based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) model was adopted within the overarching framework of an Indigenous Research Paradigm (IRP). Research was initiated using intrinsic case studies with Poplar Hill First Nation as the representative location and the Wataynikaneyap Transmission Project as the transition context. The results indicated the gaps in capacity and the benefits of sustainable energy projects developed through meaningful consultations. Knowledge mobilization was facilitated through the development of capacity-building tools, community workshops, and open houses to advance community energy literacy, the identification of local champions, raising awareness and stimulating discussions at community energy conferences, and expanding academic scholarships. Research findings suggest that the path to reconciliation requires “Indigenizing energy planning” through culturally appropriate, decolonizing approaches that foster mutual respect and shared values.


title: Practicing the Public Good Exploring Ethical Issues in Public Health Practice

contributor:
Brink, Peter
Kotalik, Jaro

subject:
Public health ethics
Everyday ethics
Moral distress
Nursing
Public health

abstract:
Everyday ethics refers to the issues and decision-making practitioners are routinely faced with in their daily work. A quantitative, descriptive study examined everyday ethical issues in public health practice. The theoretical framework was based on Jameton's (1984) concepts of moral uncertainty, moral dilemma and moral distress in nursing. Moral distress may have negative consequences that ultimately lead to job dissatisfaction and leaving the profession. This phenomenon has been studied extensively in clinical practice, but comparatively little in public health practice. A questionnaire was administered to employees at the Thunder Bay District Health Unit (TBDHU) in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. This instrument included an extensively-modified moral
distress scale (MDS) (Corley, Elswick, Gorman & Clor, 2001) supplemented by questions about demographics, ethics capacity and personal reflection. Altogether, moral problems were reported at low mean frequencies and intensities. Generally, front line providers and managers and supervisors experienced moral problems at higher levels than the sample average. Furthermore, education, membership in a professional association and job experience had a statistically-significant impact on moral problems. Finally, themes of recent moral or ethical dilemmas included: relationships; different interests/perspectives; fairness; knowledge sharing; and personal issues.


title: Exploration of factors contributing to desistance from offending in a sample of moderate to high risk young offenders / by Leah M. Fraser.

subject:
Juvenile delinquency Prevention
Juvenile delinquents Rehabilitation


title: Ecological effects of several reforestation and rehabilitation treatments on abandoned shifting cultivation sites in Sarawak, East Malaysia

subject:
Reforestation Sarawak
Forest ecology Sarawak
Shifting cultivation
Aboveground biomass

abstract:
The biomass, nutrient contents and soils of a chronosequence, including
undisturbed primary forest (UPF), logged over forest (LOF), cleared and burned forest
(for cultivation), abandoned cultivation sites, and four rehabilitation treatments were
studied. Rehabilitation treatments included 6.5 year old Acacia mangium, Gmelina arborea
and Leucaena leucocephala plantations and 7 to 10 year old fallow forest (natural
regeneration). Plots were established on Red-Yellow Podzolic soils with an attempt to
maintain similar soil conditions. Replicate biomass plots, 10 m x 20 m in size, were
established for all treatments with additional one ha plots for each replicate of UPF and
LOF plots.
Clearing and burning of LOF for cultivation resulted in decreases in total N and
total P, but in temporary increases in organic C, and exchangeable K, Ca and Mg.
However, one and a half years after abandonment, C and nutrient levels had decreased to
either the lowest levels in the chronosequence or to preburn levels. Carbon and nutrients in
the soil increased during the four rehabilitation treatments, approaching UPF or LOF
levels, although at somewhat different rates. Potassium levels in Acacia and fallow soils
remained lower than levels 1.5 years after abandonment.
Results indicate that aboveground biomass of undisturbed forest (476 t/ha) was
reduced to 228 t/ha after logging. Clearing and burning ofLOF resulted in removal of all
living biomass. Rehabilitation treatments resulted in aboveground biomass productions
ranging from a low of 20 t/ha (Leucaena) to a high of 134 ^^a (Acacia). Contributions to
aboveground biomass ranged from 1.4 to 17.8 % for litter; 0.7 to 40.3 % for undergrowth;
and 41.8 to 96.9 % for overstorey. Within the overstories, stems comprised the largest
amount of biomass ranging from 54.8 to 79.0 % followed generally in the order of large
branches (3.6 to 9 %) or small branches (4.6 to 16.7 %), twigs (2.3 to 10.7 %), foliage
(1.8 to 5.9), and fruit and flowers (0 to 0.5 %).
Aboveground biomass of UPF immobilized the largest amounts of N, P, K, Ca and
Mg; followed by LOF. Rehabilitation treatments immobilized different nutrients at varying
rates. Overstories immobilized the largest amounts of nutrients except in the Leucaena
plantation which contained larger amounts of nutrients in undergrowth. Amounts of
nutrients immobilized in different vegetative components of the overstories varied with
forest type and nutrient. Nutrients taken up by aboveground biomass ranged from 191 to
1271 kg/ha N; 9.1 to 75.4 kg/ha P; 225 to 1161 kg/ha K; 104 to 1624 kg/ha Ca; and 34 to
402 kg/ha Mg.
The return of biomass during rehabilitation treatments was generally accompanied
by a restoration of soil nutrients. Acacia, Gmelina and fallow were found to be satisfactory
rehabilitation treatments for abandoned shifting cultivation sites, in terms of biomass
production and restoring the protective function of a forest cover. There was some question
as to the suitability of Acacia as a rehabilitation treatment due to early decline in growth
rates and problems with disease and heart rot. Leucaena was found to have a negative effect
on site recovery resulting in increased undergrowth vegetation which impeded
establishment of tree species.


title: Music therapy in schizophrenia / by Tonya Castle Purvis

contributor:
Jamieson, John
Armstrong, David

subject: Music therapy

subject: Schizophrenia therapy.

subject: Schizophrenia - Effect of music therapy on

abstract: With the increasingly important role of psychosocial interventions in the treatment of schizophrenia, many such interventions have been adequately researched and standardized so that they meet the criteria for evidence-based practice. Music therapy is one such modality. However, there remains no resource to guide music therapists in the implementation of appropriate evidence-based techniques. This thesis develops such a resource, which matches psychosocial goals with appropriate music therapy interventions across domains of functioning. The resource has the potential to provide immediate and long-term support to clinicians. It may also serve as a template to guide music therapy research, by identifying applications which have yet to be empirically studied.


title: Exploiting semantic similarity models to automate transfer credit assessment in academic mobility

subject:
Natural language processing
Academic mobility
Semantic textual similarity
Semantic similarity models

abstract:
Student mobility or academic mobility involves students moving between institutions during
their post-secondary education, and one of the challenging tasks in this process is to assess
the transfer credits to be offered to the incoming student. In general, this process involves
domain experts comparing the learning outcomes (LOs) of the courses, and based on their

similarity deciding on offering transfer credits to the incoming students. This manual im-
plementation of the task is not only labor-intensive but also influenced by undue bias and

administrative complexity. This research work focuses on identifying an algorithm that ex-
ploits the advancements in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to effectively

automate this process. A survey tracing the evolution of semantic similarity helps under-
stand the various methods available to calculate the semantic similarity between text data.

The basic units of comparison namely, learning outcomes are made up of two components
namely the descriptor part which provides the contents covered, and the action word which

provides the competency achieved. Bloom’s taxonomy provides six different levels of com-
petency to which the action words fall into. Given the unique structure, domain specificity,

and complexity of learning outcomes, a need for designing a tailor-made algorithm arises.
The proposed algorithm uses a clustering-inspired methodology based on knowledge-based
semantic similarity measures to assess the taxonomic similarity of learning outcomes and a
transformer-based semantic similarity model to assess the semantic similarity of the learning
outcomes. The cumulative similarity between the learning outcomes is further aggregated
to form course to course similarity. Due to the lack of quality benchmark datasets, a new
benchmark dataset is built by conducting a survey among domain experts with knowledge
in both academia and computer science. The dataset contains 7 course-to-course similarity
values annotated by 5 domain experts. Understanding the inherent need for flexibility in

the decision-making process the aggregation part of the algorithm offers tunable parame-
ters to accommodate different scenarios. Being one of the early research works in the field

of automating articulation, this thesis establishes the imminent challenges that need to be

addressed in the field namely, the significant decrease in performance by state-of-the-art se-
mantic similarity models with an increase in complexity of sentences, lack of large datasets

to train/fine-tune existing models, lack of quality in available learning outcomes, and reluc-
tance to share learning outcomes publicly. While providing an efficient algorithm to assess

the similarity between courses with existing resources, this research work steers future re-
search attempts to apply NLP in the field of articulation in an ideal direction by highlighting

the persisting research gaps.


title: Insect pest and disease incidence in Northwestern Ontario canola fields

subject:
Canola
Crop rotation
Integrated pest management
Flea beetle
Lygus bug
Diamondback moth
Clubroot
Blackleg

abstract:
While canola has enjoyed a long and lucrative history as a globally successful crop, it
has only recently gained popularity in the Thunder Bay District, having been grown
locally for just over 10 years. As part of any crop management strategy, it is a vitally
important first step to plan mitigation tactics to prevent insect pests and disease
infestation. Known insect pests and diseases detrimental to canola in the Manitoba,
Saskatchewan and Southern Ontario areas include insect pests such as; Diamondback
moth, three species of Flea beetle and the Lygus bug – and diseases such as Aster
Yellows, Clubroot and Blackleg. While these insect pests and diseases have begun to
migrate to Northwestern Ontario crops, their numbers have not yet proved significantly
detrimental to the locally grown canola crops. As part of an Integrated Pest Management
plan (IPM), crop rotation is among the recommended measures to prevent pest damage
and is recognized as an effective practice for suppressing pests and/or improving
biological control, especially with the addition of perennial species. To assist four local
farmers with their crop management strategies, this study undertook a net-sweep survey
and visual monitoring of eight local privately owned canola fields to determine the
effectiveness of crop rotation as a part of their IPM plans. Rotation of canola crops is
one such strategy that has been utilized in the prairie provinces and for many generations
with a multitude of other crops with success. This study showed that there were
significant effects on the incidence of Flea beetles when rotation age was changed but in
general the levels of Lygus bugs and Diamondback moths stayed the same. Date of
capture had significant effect on the incidence of Diamondback moth and field size had
significant differences when divided into above and below 50 acres but no direct effect
on insect pest incidence. Diseases existed in such low amounts that it was nearly
impossible to attain proper statistical analysis for. Future studies can expand upon this
with more rigorous testing measures to ensure proper management of canola in the
Thunder Bay District.


Edith Wharton's tragic vision : an examination of the suppressed spirit in "The house of mirth", "The age of innocence" and "Ethan Frome" / by Alexandra Kraft-Willson.


title: State variable harmonic balance analysis of nonlinear circuits based on waves

subject:
Harmonic analysis
Electric circuits, Nonlinear

abstract: Circuit simulation involving nonlinear elements can be a challenging task. From these challenges rises a demand for finding better and more efficient ways of solving such problems. This work provides a novel approach for performing harmonic balance (HB) analysis using the fREEDA circuit simulator. The proposed method is an extension of the method of multiple reflections for multiple ports. In addition the method is formulated in terms of power waves and state variables at the nonlinear devices. The HB problem is then solved using a procedure which resembles the signal propagation within the actual circuit. This method could be efficiently parallelized since it does not require a large matrix decompositions at each iteration.                                                                                Several approaches to improve convergence properties are investigated. The first involves adding capacitors in parallel with the nonlinear device ports, this allows the fixed-point iterations to always be convergent. These capacitors are only active in a separate time dimension and do not affect the steady-state solution. The harmonic balance solution is found when the transient response in this time dimension is extinguished. Another strategy to improve convergence is the combination of fixed-point iterations with the gradient descent method. The effect of a vector extrapolation method to accelerate convergence is also investigated. Simulation results for various strongly nonlinear circuits is presented. This thesis covers the background of harmonic balance analysis, literature review, derivation of the proposed method, improvements, preliminary results, as well as future work.


title: Genetic variation in physiology and growth under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations in four provenances of Populus tremuloides from Northwestern Ontario

contributor:
Parker, William H.
Dang, Qing-Lai

subject: Populus tremuloides (Ontario, Northwestern Growth)

subject: Populus tremuloides (Physiology)

subject: Leaf gas exchange

subject: Biomass allocation

subject: Trembling aspen

abstract:
Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is the most widely distributed and
probably most genetically varied woody species in North America. Four provenances of
trembling aspen seedlings from northwestern Ontario were grown in the greenhouse to
investigate genetic variation of growth and ecophysiological responses to ambient and elevated
CO2 concentrations. Two provenances were from southwest of Thunder Bay, and the other two
were from north shore of Lake Superior. Three families per provenance were grown. Leaf gas
exchange variables, growth and biomass were measured at 3 and 5 months old (August and
October 2001) in the first year and 60 days after bud flush in the second year (April 2002).
Significant differences between provenances were found in root collar diameter and height in the
August 2001 measurement, and in total and stem biomass harvested in April 2002. There were
no significant differences in leaf gas exchange or other biomass components expressed between
provenances in April 2002. However, the seedlings expressed substantial family differences in
leaf gas exchange, growth, biomass and biomass allocation variables. There were positive but
low correlations between photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE) and height and total
biomass. Furthermore, provenance performance was predicted by most monthly climate
variables suggesting adaptation of provenances to local climate. High family and single tree
heritability estimates of biomass variables were present in the August 2001 measurement.
The seedlings were also exposed to three CO2 concentrations (ambient, 540 PPM and 720
PPM) in greenhouses for 30 days in the first year and 60 days after bud flush in the second year.
Other environmental conditions were controlled at optimal. After the first CO2 exposure, net CO2
assimilation (NA), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular to leaf surface CO2 ratio (Ci/Ca) and
transpiration rate (E) were increased by both CO2 enrichments, but no provenance differences
were found. In the second CO2 exposure, NA and WUE significantly increased in all
provenances at both CO2 elevations. For the two southwest provenances, g s were significantly
decreased by 540 PPM, but not by the 720 PPM treatment. However, g s of the two north-shore
provenances did not respond to both CO2 elevations. When measured at common CO2 level, a
10% down regulation of NA was observed for the seedlings in the 720 PPM treatment, but no
provenance differences were found. In the final harvest, the total, shoot, stem and root biomass
were increased by CO2 elevations, while leaf mass and biomass allocations were not. Most
biomass components were increased by CO2 elevations in the southwest provenances, but not in
their north-shore counterparts. Biomass allocations were not significantly affected by CO2
elevations. There were also no provenance differences in biomass allocations in response to
elevated CO2 , while family differences only existed in stem mass ratio and leaf mass ratio. In
conclusion, the two southwest provenances could perform better than the two north-shore ones in
the elevated atmospheric CCL environment in future.


title: Cognitive-behavioral program for young offenders : by focusing on the peer helping approach

subject: Juvenile delinquents Counseling of Ontario Thunder Bay

subject: Cognitive therapy Ontario Thunder Bay

subject: Juvenile delinquents Ontario Thunder Bay Psychology

abstract:
The present study evaluated a newly developed cognitive behavioral program, the Equip
program (Gibbs, Potter & Goldstein, 1995), that focuses on teaching youth to think and act
responsibly through a peer helping approach. The 10-week program, which includes
components of anger management, social skills training and moral development was
implemented with a group of moderate to high risk young offenders in a secure custody facility
in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The Equip program was compared to an alternative cognitive
behavioral program currently implemented with young offenders in the Thunder Bay area and a
control group consisting of youth serving probation sentences in the community and receiving
minimal intervention. Pre and post measures o f social skills, cognitive distortions and behavioral
outcomes indicated that relative to the control group. Equip members evidenced significant gains
in overall levels of social skills and skills involved in dealing with peer pressure. Although no
behavioral gains were found, results also revealed clinically significant improvements in
cognitive distortions for the alternative treatment group, providing support for the use of
cognitively based programs with young offenders.


title: Assessment of financial aptitude and knowledge in the elderly : The Montreal Assessment of Financial Activities Scale (EMAF-EN) / by Neil F. Pascoe.

subject: Older people and personal finance

abstract:
With the increasing age of the population, there is a corresponding increase in dementias and other similarly limiting disorders. An objective assessment tool of when a person is no longer capable to handle his or her own finances could increase the validity and reliability of such determinations. In a society that values individual rights, this would be a valuable asset. Presently, there is only one known assessment tool of competence for managing one's finances designed for the Canadian monetary system and culture, the Montreal Assessment of Financial Activities Scale (EMAF-EN). This study created a sample of the English half of this test. It also investigated differences in EMAF-EN performance due to employment, income, age, education, cognitive well-being, and rating of difficulty of arithmetic and mathematics. Significant differences in EMAF-EN performance were found for education and employment but no other demographic variables.  The difference in performance on the EMAF-EN found by years of education indicate that significant differences in performance can be expected by years of education. The statistically significant difference found by employment experiences went
contrary to what was expected. Finally, the internal properties of the EMAF-EN and correlations within the EMAF-EN, the indexes of the EMAF-EN, and with the demographic variables used in this study were analyzed to consider internal consistency and redundancy. Few large correlations were found. This indicates the different subtests of the EMAF-EN measure different domains.


title: Relationships between self-management skills, worry, and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms

subject:
Self-control
Self-evaluation
Self-management (Psychology)
Anxiety disorders
Worry
Self Assessment (Psychology)

abstract:
Self-management skills allow people to change maladaptive behaviour patterns, and consist of three interdependent facets: self-monitoring, self-evaluating, and self-reinforcing. One type of maladaptive behaviour is uncontrollable worry, which is the defining feature of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This study examined whether self-management skills relate to GAD symptoms and inaccurate beliefs about worry. The study also examined the role of positive and negative beliefs about worry in GAD. Finally, it explored whether a self-management intervention could alleviate distress caused by worry, and if the effectiveness varied as a function of an individual's pre-existing self-management skills. One hundred and fifty-nine participants completed questionnaires on self-management skills, beliefs about worry, and GAD symptoms. One hundred and twenty-six participants returned to complete a worry-induction, and either a self-management intervention or control condition. Self-evaluation skills were found to be negatively correlated with GAD symptoms and the negative belief that worry is uncontrollable and dangerous.
Further, the belief that worry is uncontrollable and dangerous was a unique predictor of GAD symptoms. With poorly developed self-evaluating skills, individuals may be more likely to believe that worry is dangerous, which leads to more GAD symptoms. The self-management intervention was found to be more effective than the passage of time in removing negative affect and anxiety, and increasing positive affect. Participants with well developed self-management skills who used their skills had the greatest decreases in negative affect, while participants who had less developed self-management skills and did not use their skills had the smallest decreases. Overall, these findings suggest that self-management skills may play an etiological role in GAD, and including self-management skills into current therapy models may improve outcome.


title: Exploring medication oversight utilizing mixed linear analyses / by Joshua Armstrong.

contributor:
Stones, Michael
Martin, Lynn
Mazmanian, Dwight

subject:
Medication errors - Prevention.
Drug monitoring
Medication review

abstract: As Canada's population ages, the proportion of the population that is taking multiple medications will increase. A way to limit the number of adverse drug reactions for those on multiple medications is to have their medication regime reviewed by a health professional regularly. The current study utilizes both traditional and mixed linear analyses to examine the relationship between the lack of medication review and a number of health outcome measures on a dataset containing 76 810 subjects. The results indicate that differences exist for those who have not had their medications reviewed, clustering effects are significant, and the health outcome measures examined are influenced by whether or not one has received a medication review in the last 6 months.


title: Role of symptom presentation in the diagnosis and treatment of the depressed elderly : a closer look at anhedonia and dysphoria / Leah D. Clyburn. --

contributor:
Stones, Michael
Netley, Charles
Bedard, Michel
Dufresne, Todd

subject:
Anhedonia
Depression in old age
Dysphoria

abstract:
The main objective of this study was to examine how symptom presentation relative to anhedonia and dysphoria influences diagnosis and treatment patterns documented on the Minimum Data Set for long-term care. It was hypothesized that diagnosis and treatment
for depression would be more likely when dysphoria was present. Two samples were included in the present study. The first sample was comprised of 162 residents from three nursing homes and a Veterans’ Care facility in Ontario, with an average age of 82.92 (SD=6.86). The second sample consisted of 1477 nursing home residents aged 65 years
and over (average age=83.69, SD=7.93) from 22 facilities across Ontario. The prevalence of identified depression in each sample was 30% and 16%, respectively. A large majority of the residents identified as depressed in each sample (on average, 75%) were receiving
antidepressants. The results of logistic regression analyses applied to the data indicated that a diagnosis of depression was more likely if the resident was female, of younger age, had less cognitive impairment, and clinically significant levels of dysphoria. These results lend some support to the assertion that long-term care residents presenting with anhedonia in the absence of dysphoria, or “depression without sadness”, may be
particularly vulnerable to the under-recognition of depression. Further logistic regression analyses of the larger sample revealed that antidepressant treatment was more likely if the resident was younger, had less cognitive impairment, and had clinically significant levels
of anhedonia, dysphoria, or both. The findings indicated that most identified depression was treated, but also suggest that certain subgroups may be at risk for the underrecognition of depression.
Participants : Nursing home residents from 3 nursing homes in Thunder Bay, Northwestern Ontario and a Veteran's Care facility in London, Ontario.


title: Sky, ground and in-between: metaphysical belief systems that underpin epistemologies of arts-integrating research

contributor:
Sameshima, Pauline
Kerr, Don
Karrow, Doug

subject: Arts-integrating research

abstract:
Arts-integrating research is an increasingly engaged practice in educational inquiry, as well as
humanities and social sciences. This research approach offers the opportunity to engage creative
sensibilities and techniques as elements (or even the basis) of inquiry, something quite distinct
from traditional positivist, often quantitative, research. Indeed, many methodologists of artsintegrating research voice resistance to traditional expectations of research and propose
alternative theories of research (Knowles & Cole, 2008b). But, while the theorizations of artsintegrating research stand strongly as manifesto and movement, their fundamental grounds and
assumptions are not always clear, nor well understood, and the distinctions between particular
arts-integrating research methodologies have been little studied. From my prior and continuing
study into philosophical assumptions of Elliot Eisner’s conceptions of arts based research and
those of Rita Irwin et al.’s a/r/tography, I have found that these two arts-integrating research
methodologies differ in their epistemological conceptions (the former presenting a structuralistconstructivist view of knowledge and of art as a way of knowing and the latter presenting a
poststructuralist-deconstructionist view in this regard), and that these distinctions arise due to
differing beliefs regarding the nature of reality and being. Eisnerian arts based research aligns
with what may be called a metaphysics of presence, while the a/r/tography of Irwin et al.
espouses what may be called a metaphysics of difference. In either case, their beliefs may be
intriguingly plotted and characterized according to constructs such as primacy and unity. This
study engages a research practice both analytic and artful, which I call creational dialectics, and
which draws on elements from the interpretive traditions of hermeneutics and phenomenology.
The study report, this dissertation, is uniquely structured in that the analytic discussions are
located within a many-layered artwork, which includes a comic play, cartoons, poetry and
dialogical hors d’oeuvres. This study reminds its interlocutors that every approach to inquiry is
buttressed by belief, and it encourages its interlocutors to contemplate the fundamental
epistemological and metaphysical beliefs that guide their own understanding of knowing. From
my own contemplations I discern—confess—my own leanings towards an apophatic metaphysics
of participation.


title: Fuel characteristics of Northwestern Ontario tree species and their components

subject:
Calorimetry
Fuelwood
Forest biomass
Bioenergy

abstract:
The use of forestry residues or any biomass in the production of energy has been
a topic of great discussion due to the increasing pressure to establish environmentally
friendly energy production. With the current energy reform, the Ontario Government has
taken an initiative to phase out coal fired generating stations by 2014. There is a plan to
retrofit these plants to use biomass as feedstock to keep the power generating stations
operational. At the Atikokan generating station, the focal point of this study,
approximately 500,000 bone dry tonnes (BDt) of biomass would be needed to operate at
2006 operating rates (OME 2006). This study characterises northwestern Ontario tree
species fuel qualities to provide information for efficient use of harvesting residues in
the area.
The characterisation of thermal values has been done on seven common tree
species in northwestern Ontario to create an area specific data base for use in energy
production. The components of these trees which were sampled are foliage, branches,
bole and bark at 10 cm diameter, and bole and bark at breast height (1.3 m). The seven
species were sampled at two different sites, one 30 km west of Atikokan and the other
50 km northeast of Thunder Bay. Two sites were chosen to determine if geographic
variation in thermal values exists in the different tree species, as well as to provide
adequate amounts of information for a thorough database. To obtain a comprehensive
understanding of fuel characteristics of the seven species and their components three
different qualities were measured: 1) gross heat values; 2) specific gravity; and 3) ash
content. The range of calorific values were found to be 18.07-26.80 MJ/kg. Species and
component were shown to have significant effects on calorific values but sites was
insignificant. The range of specific gravity was found to be 0.373-0.882. Site, Species
and component were all found to have a significant effect on specific gravity. The range
of ash content was found to be 0.13- 9.19%. Site, species and component were all shown
to have a significant effect on ash content percentage.
Moisture content of burnt standing timber is also investigated for four species in
five different fire ages. It was found that moisture content ranged from 16.81 to 53.69%.
Both species and time since fire were found to have a significant effect on moisture
content. Calorific content of burnt standing timber was found to have calorific content
similar to living tree.


title: Anxiety symptoms and precautionary behaviour across the menstrual cycle: the role of hormones

contributor:
Mazmanian, Dwight
Bedard, Michel

subject: Mood across reproductive events

subject: Hormones and mood

subject: Anxiety across reproductive events

subject: Obsessive-compulsive disorder and reproductive events

subject: Menarche

subject: Menstrual cycle

subject: Postpartum period

subject: Menopause

abstract: The present study examined the influence of hormones on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and related phenomena across the menstrual cycle. After exclusions, 223 participants (51 free-cycling women, 100 hormonal contraceptive users, and 72 men), completed questionnaires on disgust sensitivity, OCD symptoms, responsibility beliefs, risk-taking, and anxiety two weeks apart using a within-subjects design (follicular and luteal phases for free-cycling women). Laboratory participants (n = 178) also completed an emotion discrimination task, had 2D:4D measured, and a subset of women provided saliva samples (n = 56). Contrary to the compensatory prophylaxis hypothesis, subclinical OCD contamination symptoms, disgust sensitivity, and related phenomena did not increase with progesterone levels. However, changes in salivary progesterone levels across the cycle were positively correlated with changes in anxiety and negatively correlated with risk-taking. Sexual activity and level of contamination fears were significant moderators of behavior change across the cycle. Non-sexually active (versus sexually active) women and women with high (versus low) contamination fears showed an increase in OCD symptoms from the follicular to the luteal phases. Women with PMS (versus those without) showed increased OCD symptoms, disgust-sensitivity and responsibility beliefs at both phases of the menstrual cycle. Finally, women were more sensitive to detecting facial expressions of disgust than men. Greater disgust sensitivity detection was also associated with higher 2D:4D, and use of oral contraceptives with either high progesterone dosage or low androgenicity. The current findings suggest that perhaps not all women experience an increase in precautionary behaviour across the menstrual cycle, but that there may be subgroups of women who are more susceptible to behavioural changes as a result of fluctuating hormone levels.


title: Resistance, resilience and regulation of north-temperate lake communities

subject: Lake ecology Ontario, Northwestern.

subject: Freshwater zooplankton Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Freshwater invertebrates Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Benthic macroinvertebrate

abstract:
I analyzed the resistance and resilience of benthic macroinvertebrate and
zooplankton communities from 36 trophically similar lakes north of Thunder Bay,
Ontario to test predictions of the Oksanen et al. (OFAN) model of community regulation
and the potential for alternative stable states following natural and timber-harvest
disturbances. For each disturbance, only a subset of the lakes were previously
affected, allowing an undisturbed control group of lakes to be used for comparison.
Disturbances differed in the manner in which they "displaced" communities and every
disturbance, except the impact associated with the actual area of watershed harvested,
significantly altered either the zooplankton or macroinvertebrate community from the
structure observed in undisturbed lakes (low overall resistance). Communities did not
converge on the composition in undisturbed lakes (no resilience), suggesting a stable
alternative state. These results suggest that resource managers must consider the
effects of land-use disturbances, both separately and from a cumulative perspective, to
evaluate the potential impacts on lake ecosystems. When potential productivity was
augmented by nutrient-addition via cottage inputs, predictions of the OFAN model were
rejected over the three lower trophic levels analyzed in these four trophic-level lakes.
Alternative regression approaches supported predictions only at the basal trophic link,
similarly rejecting the model. The OFAN model cannot account for the pervasive
influence of size-structured interactions at upper trophic levels in aquatic communities.


title: Study of driving cessation and subjective well-being : predictors, moderators, and comprehensive measures of well-being

subject:
Well-being
Older automobile drivers
Quality of life
Age factors

abstract:
This project examined four issues with respect to driving cessation. The issues were:
1) group differences as a function of driving status,
2) prediction of driving cessation,
3) the utility of using comprehensive measure of subjective well-being to assess the impact of driving cessation, and
4) the identification of variables that moderate the relationship between
driving cessation and subjective well-being. Non-institutionalized persons age 55 years and older were recruited from community, volunteer, and non-profit organizations in Winnipeg, Manitoba and Thunder Bay, Ontario. Two-hundred and twenty-three participants ranging in age from 55 to 91 years completed the study. Of these, 193 (86.9%) were drivers and 29
(13.1%) participants were non-drivers. Drivers were younger, in better health, and had higher income and education. Drivers also scored higher on extraversion and lower on neuroticism.  Drivers also reported higher life control and life purpose and a more internal locus of control. Among current drivers, logistic regression analysis revealed that psychological variables make a significant unique contribution to predicting driving cessation. Higher life purpose and a more internal locus of control decrease the risk of driving cessation. With respect to the
third issue, a comprehensive measure of subjective well-being, the MUNSH, provided a more sensitive assessment of the impact of a set of variables associated with driving cessation on subjective well-being. With respect to moderating factors, income health, and psychological variables moderated the impact of cessation on subjective well-being. The findings of this study indicate that psychological variables are important in driving issues and that it is valuable to study positive aspects of driving cessation in future research.
Study group participants from Winnipeg, Manitoba and Thunder Bay, Northwestern Ontario.


title: The interface between the multinational corporation and the state with special reference to developing countries

subject:
Industrial Policy
International business enterprises
Developing countries
Corporations, International

abstract: This study considers the role of multinational corporations and their impact on the development process of the developing countries, and consequently their implications for international relations. The purpose is to formulate some policy suggestions which may be taken into consideration when multinational corporations and governments are making policy decisions or negotiate agreements, and to consider recommendations for appropriate corporate, national and international action.


title: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on pyrolysis of waste HDPE polymers

contributor:
Elyasi, Siamak
Rakshit, Sudip
Liao, Baoqiang

subject:
Pyrolysis
Thermogravimetric Analysis

abstract:
Pyrolysis is a promising technology for converting waste plastic into high-value hydrocarbons,
which can help to protect the environment and improve the waste management industry. Available
methods for finding kinetic parameters and heat of solid state reactions are not compatible with
the complexity of pyrolysis reactions, and do not give reliable parameters to design an industrial
pyrolysis reactor. This work developed two new techniques to determine kinetic parameters and
heat of solid state reactions with high-certainty.
The proposed kinetic study method is a differential isoconversional technique that finds
activation energy and pre-exponential factor at different extents of reaction using isothermal
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) datasets. Employing this method, kinetic parameters of
pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were determined at different reaction conversions.
The obtained apparent activation energy values were obtained in the range of 270 to 290 kJ/mol.
The developed method for finding heat of reaction employs Differential Scanning Calorimetry
(DSC) technique at constant temperatures. This method involves a new procedure to find heat loss
from the DSC instrument as function of temperature and sample weight. The method was
employed to find heat of cracking of HDPE at constant temperature of 400, 410, 420 and 430 °C,
and the average heat of reaction was determined to be 1375±233 kJ/kg.
Based on available recommendations in the literature for using ZSM-5 catalysts in polymer
pyrolysis, catalytic cracking of high-density polyethylene was studied using three ZSM-5 catalysts
with different Si/Al ratios of 25, 38 and 80. Using a TGA instrument and altering the variables
such as temperature and the catalyst to HDPE ratio, catalytic activity of the catalysts was
investigated, and proper operating conditions were estimated. ZSM-5 catalysts with Si/Al ratios of
25 and 38 at constant temperatures of 330, 340, 350, 360 and 370 °C, and cat/HDPE ratio of 15 %
showed considerably high catalytic activity in cracking of HDPE (especially the ZSM-5 with Si/Al
ratio of 25). Using the developed kinetic study method, kinetic parameters of catalytic cracking of
HDPE were determined at the aforementioned conditions, and apparent activation energy values
were dropped dramatically to the range of 20 to 90 kJ/mol.
In addition, catalytic activity, deactivation behavior, regenerability and reuse of the ZSM-5
catalyst with Si/Al ratio of 25 in consecutive cracking tests were also investigated. When activity
of the used catalyst dropped to 20% of its initial value, a catalyst regeneration at 480 °C for 5 h
was conducted; however, due to dealumination reactions occurred in the regeneration step, the
initial catalytic activity could never be recovered. After catalyst regeneration, the regenerated
catalyst was used in the same cracking tests. With 10 regeneration cycles, the ZSM-5 was used in
54 cracking tests. The effect of calcination temperature on the activity of ZSM-5 in cracking of
high-density polyethylene was then explored. Calcination at 600 and 700 °C reduced acidity and
activity of the ZSM-5 mainly due to catalyst dealumination. On the contrary, no drop in activity
of the 500 °C-calcined catalyst was detected.
Overall, the findings of this study can be employed to design an industrial reactor for pyrolysis
of waste polymers. Additionally, the methods developed in this study for obtaining kinetic
parameters and heat of pyrolysis can be used in any other solid state reactions.


title: Sulfonation of kraft lignon to water soluble value added products

subject:
Hydroxymethylation
Kraft lignin
Phenolation
Softwood kraft lignin
Sulfonated lignins
Sulfonation via sulphuric acid

abstract:
Kraft lignin is water insoluble and has limited end-use applications. The main objective of this MSc studies was to rend kraft lignin water soluble, and various value-added products including dispersants and flocculants. In this work, softwood kraft lignin was supplied from FPInnovations from its pilot facilities in Thunder Bay, ON. It was then modified using BURL lab facilities of Lakehead University. In one alternative, phenolation and hydroxymethylation of kraft lignin were followed as pre-treatment processes to improve the reactivity of lignin. Unmodified kraft lignin, phenolated lignin and hydroxymethylated lignin were then sulfonated through 1) concentrated sulfuric acid and 2) sodium sulfite treatments. All lignin samples treated with sodium sulfite exhibited increased in charge density and solubility. Additionally, sulfuric acid treatment of phenolated lignin yielded soluble product (SAP) with a high charge density (e.g. 3 meq/g). However, sulfuric acid treatment of phenolated lignin was unsuccessful in producing lignin with desired charge density and solubility. The synthesized soluble sulfonated lignin samples (SS, SSH, SSP, and SAP) demonstrated a greater solubility than kraft lignin, but weaker solubility than commercial and industrial lignosulfonates.
The application of sulfonated lignin samples were evaluated as dispersants in cement and kaolinite; adsorbent on kaolinite and calcium carbonate to produce modified fillers for composites and papermaking as well as flocculants for textile industry. The addition of the sulfonated lignin to cement did not increase the fluidity of the cement, but improved the fluidity of kaolinite to some extent.
The adsorption of sulfonated lignins on calcium carbonate and kaolinite were greater than that of kraft lignin, which shows that modified lignin can have a high adsorption capacity to produce modified fillers. The samples, which were phenolated, exhibited a greater adsorption affinity than other samples on calcium carbonate.
In this study, ethyl violet and basic blue solutions were used as model wastewater samples of textile industry. The results showed that, the sulfonated lignin samples were generally able to remove ethyl violet, but were unsuccessful in removing basic blue from solution.


title: Type A behavior pattern and cardiovascular recovery from a psychosocial stressor

subject:
Type A behavior
Cardiovascular system
Stress (Psychology)


title: Profile of eating disorder symptomatology among female figure skaters : how effective is education? / by Tiffany Hayward

subject:
Eating disorders in adolescence
Figure skaters - Psychology
Eating disorders in women
Figure skaters - Eating disorder risk

abstract:
To better understand the level of eating disorder risk experienced by figure
skaters, a profile of eating disorder symptomatology among adolescent female figure skaters at the senior competitive level in areas of Southern and Northern Ontario was developed in the present research. Psychological and socio-cultural factors associated with eating disorder symptomatology in the sport of figure skating were examined carefully.
A preliminary investigation to explore the effectiveness of a health
promotion education series involved early adolescent figure skaters from the Thunder Bay area ranging in age from 10 to 14 years. The educational
component aimed to develop a model of healthy living while increasing the
participants’ knowledge base encompassing the topics of nutrition, regular
physical activity, a healthy body image, self-esteem, and diet attitudes; in hopes that it may lead to an increased awareness in healthy living.
Of particular interest, the sample of figure skaters exhibited an elevated
score in the Eating Disorder Risk Composite (EDRC), suggesting that the skaters have extreme eating/weight concerns, fear of weight gain, a desire to be thinner, binge eating tendencies, and body dissatisfaction (Garner, 2004).
The educational component illustrated an increase in knowledge base
encompassing the topics of nutrition, physical activity, a healthy body image, self esteem, and diet attitudes. In addition, the participants were successful in developing a model of healthy living.


title: Lightning occurrence in Pukaskwa National Park and surrounding area

subject: Lightning Ontario Pukaskwa National Park

subject: Fire weather Ontario Pukaskwa National Park

subject: Wildfire forecasting Ontario Pukaskwa National Park

abstract:
Pukaskwa  National Park has implemented a natural fire regime emulation   program.
One component of the  natural fire regime is the pattern of ignitions, primarily from  lightning.
There were three ways in which patterns of lightning strikes were investigated: a geographical
analysis, a fire weather analysis, and an ignition analysis. The analysis for the first
two components was carried out using a kernel analysis, which is a non-parametric probability
density estimation technique. In the geographic analysis, probability of lightning strikes was
tabulated by characteristics of the landscape- vegetation, topography, ecodistrict, and proximity
to Lake Superior. It was shown that there was a strong effect of the  proximity to Lake Superior-
areas near the lake have a higher probability of lightning strikes than    areas inland. The
topographic component showed that high points on the landscape were  more likely to get struck than
the rest of the landscape. Other effects were masked by the effect of proximity to Lake Superior.
In the fire weather analysis, probability density   surfaces were prepared from the daily weather
and from the weather on the day of lightning strikes. Strikes are most frequent at values of the
Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) and Duff Moisture Code (DMC) that are notconducive to the ignition
and survival of fire. The exception to this was a storm in June, 1995 which happened at a high value
of FFMC and DMC. This storm presumably lit Fire Wawa 41/95. The ignition analysis was carried out
as  an anecdotal discussion of conditions at the time of ignition of the two fires that were
ignited in the three years under study (1994-1996). The conditions surrounding these two ignitions,
both in June of 1995, were consistent with other descriptions of fire weather in the    Pukaskwa
area. Warm and  dry weather with a high barometric pressure preceded  a   lightning storm. The
geographic analysis suggested that there might be relatively little    reason to modify fire policy
based on lightning density within the park. The weather analysis suggested that it is rare to have
the right combination  of events that might ignite fires-   dry
fuel and lightning.


title: A survey and analysis of all books printed in England or in English abroad during the year 1584

subject:
Books
History
Bibliography
Early printed books
English literature
Early modern, 1500-1700
16th century
History and criticism

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the extant books printed in England and in English abroad to discover their purpose, scope, limitations and range of interests and subject matter. As well, the purpose is to ascertain why and how they were written and published and to see if any pattern existed in the publications and writing of 1584, in particular, and in the sixteenth century, in general.


title: Impact of the Ontario Works program on the quality of life of Aboriginal people living on reserve in Northern Ontario / by Janis Yahn.

contributor:
Jamieson, John
Wakewich, Pamela

subject:
Native peoples - Employment
Wikwemikong, Ontario
Native peoples - Economic conditions
Northern Ontario
Ontario Works

abstract:
An important goal for many First Nations communities is to increase the economic health and development of their community by assisting community members to become employable through education and training programs as well as providing opportunities for employment. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of the Ontario Works program, a provincially funded income and employment assistance program, on the quality of life of Aboriginal people living on reserve in Northern Ontario. The study also looked at those who have experienced the shift from social assistance to employment to assess the extent to which participation in the program affected economic status and overall sense of health and well-being.
Fifty-nine Ontario Works clients from Wikwemikong were interviewed on quality of service and impact of the program. Eleven employers were also interviewed on the challenges facing Ontario Works clients and  opportunities to address the challenges. The interviews revealed six major themes: 1) social assistance is used primarily by females and single parent
families, 2) income assistance is not enough to support a family with
children, 3) Ontario Works has increased the overall health and well-being of participants, 4) participation in employment support programs has increased employability, 5) higher education increased the opportunity to
secure long term employment, and 6) employment stabilizes families and increases quality of life. A focus group session was held in the community to validate the data and provide feedback on the results of the study. The findings identified several positive aspects of the program that were presented as ‘best practices’. There were also a number of limitations in the
services that were identified and suggestions for improvement are proposed. The information in this report provides a framework for planning improvements in the delivery of services in Wikwemikong. The report also provides information on lessons learned and best practices for
other First Nations communities planning to implement full delivery of the Ontario Works program.


title: The influence of set on the discriminability of letters

subject:
Set (Psychology)
Reading

abstract: Four experiments were carried out to examine the effect of set on the discriminability of letters and words. Arrays were used containing two words and two nonwords, in which each word was identical in lettering to a nonword except for one letter. Word and nonword positions varied randomly for each card as did critical letter positions within words which distinguished each word from its matching nonword.


title: Beaver dams : their site selection, establishment, and impact in a Northern Ontario watershed / by Donald Maurice Barnes.

subject: Dams Environmental aspects Ontario, Northwestern

subject: Beavers Behavior Ontario, Northwestern


title: Structure and mobility of lignin in relation to pulp washing and bleaching

subject:
Lignin
Wood-pulp Bleaching

abstract:
The roles of molecular size and structure were investigated
in relation to the extent of peroxide bleaching and lignin adsorption on pulp. Structural analysis of components from effluents generated by peroxide bleaching was accomplished
using UV-visible spectrophotometry and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These results provide evidence for a 1:1 sugar : aromatic ratio of components in the effluent mixture. Results are consistent with the presence of both hydroquinone and benzylic acid aromatic structures. Both 13C NMR and UV analysis support the hypothesis that about 12% of the aromatic
structures are of a benzylic acid form. During peroxide brightening, low-mass components with a higher fraction of phenolic structures are released into solution most rapidly while carbohydrate degradation appears to be more important over extended periods. Changes in the UV spectra of the effluent
during bleaching appear to be dominated by changes resulting
from a reduction of pH arising from carbohydrate degradation.
The principle pK. values, determined by titration with UV spectrophotometry, for effluents generated from alka- line hydrogen peroxide bleaching are at 4.64, 8.01 and 10.01. These pK. values correspond to the dissociation of carboxylic acid, p-hydroxybenzylic acid (phenolic proton), and phenolic hydroxyl groups. In contrast, the pK, of kraft lignin was estimated
at -7.5 and 10.3 corresponding to the ionization of phenolic groups with and without conjugated a-carbonyl structures.
The acid dissociation constants decrease between 0.2 and 0.7 pK. units with increasing ionic strength as do model compounds. The combined effects of decreasing the pK. and ionic strength screening of ion-ion interactions leads to increased
adsorption of lignin on cellulose with increasing ionic strength. Around the effective pK, values the protonation
of phenolic groups dominates the extent of interaction of lignin with cellulose. Pulsed Field Gradient NMR (PFGNMR) was utilized to evaluate the structure-size relationships for lignin preparations. Difficulties with the PFGNMR technique, including interaction of the gradient with r.f. and the superconducting
magnet are discussed in detail. Results from PFGNMR indicate that high molecular weight kraft lignin has a lower frequency of ionizable phenolic groups. PFGNMR is compared
to other NMR relaxation methods as a means to investigate
size-structure relationships.