identifier: O'Reilly, Tim (John Timothy) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/O=27Reilly=3ATim_=28John_Timothy=29=3A=3A.html>   (1997) An internship in guidance and counselling at Mount Pearl Senior High.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This report describes an internship at Mount Pearl Senior High School in Mount Pearl, NF., from April 14th to June 23rd, 1997. The report details the internship and a research component which were completed at the internship site. The goals of the internship included the development of individual and group counseling skills, development of psycho educational assessment skills and report writing, experience in the outside referral process, development of competence in consultation, an increase knowledge of career awareness, and to conduct research on the topic of youth suicide. -- During the placement, the intern worked primarily with one Guidance Counselor/Registered Psychologist and gained insight into the varied theoretical perspective utilized at the high school level. He had the opportunity to work with the Vice-Principal who is also a Registered Psychologist and former guidance counselor at the school. There was also extensive opportunity to meet with and learn from members of outside agencies throughout the city. -- Much of the intern's time was devoted to counseling students from fifteen to nineteen years of age. An equal amount of time was spent researching and working with suicidal individuals. The research component focused on students attitude, opinions and experiences with suicide and suicidal behaviours. This research resulted in the implementation of the Youth Suicide Awareness Program. A discussion of this research is presented in Part II of this report.


identifier: Phillips, John J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Phillips=3AJohn_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1998) An internship report and comparative study of substance use by high school students in Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract: This Internship Report documents an internship at a high school in rural Newfoundland during Spring 1997. The report is divided into two sections, a placement component and a research component. The placement component consists of a description of the internship setting, the goals and objectives of the internship, and an evaluation of the experience. The research component is a comparative study that compares substance use/abuse at a rural Newfoundland high school with the Provincial 1996 Student Drug Use Survey. A modified version of the 1996 Student Drug Use Survey was administered to all high school students at the internship setting. The findings revealed important differences in substance use/abuse patterns.


identifier: Coady, Juanita R. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Coady=3AJuanita_R=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Undersowing rutabaga (Brassica napus L.) with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) : effects on the cabbage root maggot (Delia radicum (L.)) and its parasitoid/predator (Aleochara bilineata Gyll.).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The cabbage root maggot Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), particularly the second generation, is the most serious insect pest of rutabaga in Newfoundland. Cabbage root maggot larvae feed on the developing root and leave unsightly scars that reduce marketability. Undersowing rutabaga with white clover (Trifolium repens L. var. Sonja) was tested to determine the effects on cabbage root maggot adults, oviposition, rutabaga yield and marketability, carabid beetles and the root maggot predator/parasitoid Aleochara bilineata Gyll. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). -- Results of this study show that undersowing did have significant effects on the factors studied. The bare plots had more D. radicum females and eggs, A. bilineata (measured by both pitfall trapping and rate of parasitism), and some carabid species (Clivinafossor and Bembidion lampros). The undersown plots had higher total numbers of D. radicum of which most were males, and more of some carabid species (Pterostichus melanarius and Amara bifrons).  There was a significant yield reduction in undersown compared to bare plots in 1997, and no rutabaga were marketable from either treatment. In 1998 when there was less pest pressure, yields were similar and a small percentage of rutabaga were marketable from both treatments. -- The rate of parasitism by A. bilineata was lower in the undersown plots, as observed by other researchers. An incubator study of fall-collected D. radicum pupae found peak D. radicum emergence occurred at 172 degree days (DD) and peak A. bilineata emergence occurred at 421 DD. above a base threshold of 4.4°C Survey collections showed that A. bilineata is present in all major growing areas of Newfoundland.


identifier: Abbott, Frances S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Abbott=3AFrances_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Views on the roles in early childhood education found in selected post-secondary diploma programs in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A shortage of research findings into early childhood education programs has been a major drawback in the overall delivery system in Newfoundland and Labrador. This study, along with its relevant research, attempted to provide a solution to the problem of elucidating a clear definition of the relationship between early childhood educators as caregivers and as teachers of young children. -- This research study chronicled the changes in the perceived roles of early childhood educators as post-secondary students expanded their training. This study also investigated the effect that this training had in making changes to the profession itself. Early childhood education programs need to be reviewed to ensure that the knowledge required of early childhood educators to function in these roles is offered within the program. Similarly, the program should be investigated in light of today's changing society and developed to reflect the integrative nature of teaching behaviours. -- This study was one of a qualitative nature that focused on a person's occupation that consisted of assuming and learning particular roles. This research also investigated the roles that educators assumed as teachers of young children. It was anticipated that the findings would have the potential not only to enhance the profession, but to gain insight into the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that early childhood educators are required to possess in order to function as educators of young children. -- The contradictions in this research study clearly outlined that the early childhood education profession was facing an identity crisis because the idea of being a teacher of young children was not instilled in these educators at the student level. As a result, the subjects either didn't know what they were teaching, or they were teaching and didn't know it. The use of observations, questionnaires, and interviews assisted the researcher to determine that the students and the graduates did not clearly picture themselves as belonging to the larger profession as teachers of young children. -- The participants in this study were ten students, four graduates, four instructors, and two department heads from the early childhood training programs at a public and a private college in St. John's, Newfoundland. -- Based on this study, and because of the scarcity of prior research on college level diploma programs, it is recommended that further research be conducted: a) to better review whether the identity crisis identified in this study is indeed apparent and affects the quality of education for early childhood; b) to better determine the nature of teaching roles in early childhood education non-baccalaureate programs; c) to examine the role of play as an educational tool in early childhood; and d) to identify methods of instilling the concept of professionalism at the student level in non-baccalaureate programs.


identifier: Rabi, Gihad <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rabi=3AGihad=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Visual speech recognition by recurrent neural networks.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: One of the major drawbacks of current acoustically-based speech recognizers is that their performance deteriorates drastically with noise. The focus of this thesis is to develop a computer system that performs speech recognition based on visual information of the speaker. The system automatically extracts visual speech features through image processing techniques that operate on facial images taken in a normally-lluminated environment. To cope with the dynamic nature of change in speech patterns with respect to time as well as the spatial variations in the individual patterns, the recognition scheme proposed in this work uses a recurrent neural network architecture. By specifying a certain behavior when the network is presented with exemplar sequences, the recurrent network is trained with no more than feed-forward complexity. The network's desired behavior is based on characterizing a given word by well-defined segments. Adaptive segmentation is employed to segment the training sequences of a given class. This technique iterates the execution of two steps. First, the sequences are segmented individually. Then, a generalized version of dynamic time warping is used to align the segments of all sequences. At each iteration, the weights of the distance functions used in the two steps are updated in a way that minimizes a segmentation error. The system has been implemented and tested on a few words and the results are satisfactory. In particular, the system has been able to distinguish between words with common segments. Moreover, it tolerates, to a great extent, variable-duration words of the same class.


identifier: Sung, Ha-Cheol <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sung=3AHa-Cheol=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Vocal communication and individuality of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) : description, quantification, and applications for management.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Vocalizations of Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) were studied in Prince Edward Island National Park during the breeding seasons of 1998 and 1999, and in Cheeseman Provincial Park in Newfoundland in May 1999 (early breeding season). Ten distinct call types of adults and three types of chicks were identified. Behavioural contexts of call-use are described and interpreted. -- The size of the vocal repertoire of the Piping Plover was similar with that of other Charadrius species. Five call types appeared to function as alarm signals, which thus occupied a major functional category of communication in this species. Vocal signals and functional characteristics in this and other Charadrius species show structural properties consistent with adaptation to open-country environments: low frequency, frequency-modulated tones, and redundancy via signal repetition. Brief, short one- or two-note calls were extensively used as a contact call between mates or from parent to chicks over short distances. Alarm calls were characterized by locatable properties including increasing and decreasing frequency. Piping Plovers emitted 'chatter' and 'whistle' calls in relationship to high- and low-level alarm, respectively. All call types except one were uttered by both male and female. The exception (call type I) was used predominantly by newly arrived males in aerial displays, and may serve for attracting females, defending territory, and stimulating mating. -- Sexual and individual variation were investigated in four often call types of adults. Classification trees, a statistical technique to partition calls into homogeneous sets, were constructed for identifying individuals. -- Visual assessment of calls was applied only to call type I of males; nine males differed greatly from one another and their calls were stable between two sample periods. Results of statistical analysis on call type I also revealed significant differences among males, and some significant differences between periods. Quantitative analysis of call types VI and VIII showed significant differences among individuals and between sexes, and differed on some variables between two periods. However, classification tree of male constructed with call type I and combined call types VI and VIII for male and call types VI and VIII for female identified individuals with very little misclassification rate. One male banded in 1998 and recorded in 1998 and 1999 was successfully identified using one of the trees. Possible reasons for variation within individuals and usefulness of the technique are discussed.


identifier: Young, Elizabeth Karen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Young=3AElizabeth_Karen=3A=3A.html>   (1998) What parents know and what parents need to know to foster preschool emergent literacy : a rural perspective.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of the study was to synthesize the emergent literacy research on children's reading and writing abilities prior to formal schooling, to compare what parents know about emergent literacy to what is known in the field, and to use this comparison as a benchmark to identify relevant areas in which parents could be guided to enhance preschool emergent literacy development. -- The literature on the role of parents in fostering preschool emergent literacy was analyzed. The analysis of the literature focused specifically on literacy interactions between parents and children and how parents of early readers and writers engaged their children in literacy-related activities. Using these findings on parents who fostered positively their children's early literacy abilities, a questionnaire was designed to determine what parents know about and the extent to which they fostered preschool literacy development. Responses from seventeen preschool parents from rural Newfoundland were examined. Parental responses to each question were coded, tabulated, and analyzed for all 38 questions. -- Based on the literature reviewed, the research questions developed, and parents' responses, two main conclusions may be drawn: many parents know generally what they should be doing to promote their children's early literacy concepts and abilities but are less clear specifically on how to help them. Parents are providing books and writing materials in the home, reading to their children on a daily basis, and helping them to write the letters of the alphabet. However, this study reveals that parents need to be guided to interact more effectively with their children in the context of literacy and to make written language activities a part of their daily lives. -- Suggestions for consideration evolving from this study include schools and/or preschools (with support from other agencies) to share some of the responsibility to help parents of preschoolers to learn how to involve their children in literacy in an interactive manner, and to encourage parents to learn as much as they can about fostering preschool emergent literacy abilities.


identifier: Mills, Dolores <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mills=3ADolores=3A=3A.html>   (1990) Why do students perform poorly in mathematics and science? : a study of the attributions made by high school teachers, university instructors, and university students.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was based on the premise that it is important to identify and clarify the attributions that students and teachers make about their performance in school. These attributions underlie the expectations that students and teachers hold for each other and may influence how students perform academically. -- The investigation focused on the attributions for poor performance by students in mathematics and science made by the participants in the transitional stage between secondary and tertiary levels of the educational system. High school teachers, university instructors, and first year university students were administered surveys containing a set of statements attributing poor performance by students to a variety of causes. Measures of student performance were the marks students obtained from local high school evaluation, provincial public exams, and university exams in mathematics and science courses. -- Factor analysis of the attribution statements from the surveys provided an indication of how each group of respondents distinguished between various types of attributions. This analysis also allowed the attributions to be grouped into categories. Mean response scores on the attribution statements were used to determine the relative emphasis given to different attributions. Finally, the relationships between attributions and achievement were examined in light of the results of a regression analysis of and correlations between scores on the attributional measures and students' marks on the achievement measures. -- University instructors and high school teachers identified lack of student effort, lack of student ability, teacher/instructor characteristics, and situational characteristics as distinct categories of attributions. Both groups emphasized lack of student effort as the major cause of poor performance by students at the secondary and post-secondary levels. However, instructors gave equal emphasis to inadequacies of the high schools and the high school teachers in preparing students for university. Students did not distinguish between lack of ability and lack of effort attributions. They identified effort and ability of students in general, personal effort and ability, teacher/instructor characteristics, and situational characteristics as categories of attributions. At the beginning of their first semester at university, students echoed their high school teachers in emphasizing lack of effort by students in general as a major cause of poor performance. At the end of the semester, students echoed their instructors when they emphasized lack of preparation in high school. -- Relationships between teachers’ attributions and the marks they assigned students from high school evaluation were mostly negligible. This may have been due to the restricted range of response scores from the attribution survey. Negative correlations were obtained between students' attribution scores and their marks on all achievement measures. Particularly significant were those relationships between attributions pertaining to personal lack of ability and effort and achievement. -- Several observations from this study may be made. -- 1. The attributions that students emphasize are influenced by those made by their high school teachers and university instructors. -- 2. Students seem to confuse the concepts of ability and effort. This suggests that they cannot decide whether lack of ability or lack of effort causes their poor performance. -- 3. Attributions to personal lack of ability and personal lack of effort are significantly related to students' achievement. These statements may be used to predict students' performance in university and their intentions to persist in mathematics and science at the post-secondary level.


identifier: Yeo, G. Cindy <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Yeo=3AG=2E_Cindy=3A=3A.html>   (1991) Women and retirement : strategies adopted by women as they adjust to retirement.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The objective of this thesis is to explore the process of retirement, in particular, the cognitive and defensive strategies adopted by retired professional and semi-professional women to maintain a sense of self in an urban Newfoundland community as they adjust to retirement. Since long term employment outside the home constitutes a salient experience for women, it is essential to examine its impact on retired women's sense of self, how factors such as ageism and sexism interact to influence women's identities and how their resources affect the way they respond to threatening situations. -- Using the symbolic interactionist approach and grounded theory, I interviewed a snowball sample of 11 retired professional and semi-professional women and three homemakers. All interviews were typically lengthy, diverse and semi-structured. Follow up interviews were held in a more casual atmosphere. The combination of built-in comparisons and indepth interviews indicate a great deal about the process of retirement adjustment and factors that influence it. -- Drawing from my data, retired women have differing sense of self and resources depending on whether or not they worked for pay, the nature of their work and home relationships. Although work has an impact on women's sense of self, this impact can be mediated by such factors as familial relationships. In addition, familial relationships like work experiences, can range from supportive to abusive. Consequently, retired women's areas of vulnerabilities and the strategies they devise to protect a positive sense of self vary from woman to woman. -- Like retired men, retired professional and semi-professional women have to deal with their own retirement. In addition, they have to deal with sexism, ageism, poverty and divorce. All these above mentioned factors affect women's sense of self and hence, their vulnerability to the retirement transition. With the increasing number of women in the labour force, female retirement has become a socially significant phenomenon. By exploring the difficulties retired women have to deal with in an effort to maintain their sense of self and the limited resources they have to protect themselves in threatening situations, we can have a better understanding of the kinds of threats they have to deal with and their needs. With this understanding, effective social policies can be implemented and retirement programs adjusted to serve the needs of both male and female retirees. Some of these policy issues are addressed in the concluding chapter.


identifier: Paquette, Shirley Ellen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Paquette=3AShirley_Ellen=3A=3A.html>   (1996) Women's lived experience of natural menopause.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A phenomenological study was carried out to explore the meaning and significance of menopause for a group of postmenopausal women in Newfoundland.  The purposes of this study were to make interpretive sense of the lived experience of menopause based on a group of women's descriptions; and to generate insights into the lived experience that will provide nurses and others who read the final text a richer and deeper understanding of the internal meaning these women attribute to the experience of menopause. -- Eight Newfoundland women who participated in this study experienced natural menopause.  They were at least one year (postmenopause) after cessation of menses and were without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or surgical removal of the uterus and/or the ovaries.  Data were collected through semi-structured interviews.  Thematic statements formulated from the analysis of the narratives were: Menopause is a normal change in a woman's life; the problem with hot flashes is their unpredictability; knowing what to expect about menopause can alleviate fear; the experience of menopause can be easy as well as bring a sense of relief; receiving support during menopause can make the experience less traumatic; the experience of menopause brings an increased consciousness of aging.  'Becoming who they are' was the essence of the lived experience. -- Recommendations for nursing included incorporating women's experiences and issues into programs and workshops, nursing education curriculum, and as a focus in nursing research.


identifier: Beaudry, Robyn Lynn <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Beaudry=3ARobyn_Lynn=3A=3A.html>   (1996) Women's lived experience with midwifery support : a phenomenological study.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: There is a paucity of qualitative research in the literature that focuses on the experience of midwifery support from the woman's perspective. Many researchers have concentrated on other closely related issues, such as the physiological effects on the birth process resulting from a childbirth attendant being present with the laboring woman, the nurse's role during childbirth, or women's satisfaction with the birth experience. Most of these researchers used a quantitative approach. In the present study, phenomenology, a qualitative methodology, was used to explore women's experiences with midwifery support during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. -- The study included 8 women, 3 primiparas and 5 multiparas. Six of these women were initially contacted regarding participation in the research by the midwife who had supported them through their last labor. Two women heard of the research through friends and approached the researcher themselves. The method of data collection involved taped, unstructured interviews of 30-100 minutes duration, during which participants were encouraged to offer spontaneous verbal descriptions of their experiences. -- From the analysis of the interview data, nine common, essential themes were identified, These included (a) midwife as ideal mother, (b) midwife as buffer: ensuring an optimum birth experience, (c) continuity in the midst of fragmentation: the midwife as a known constant, (d) presencing, (e) intuitive knowing, (f) seeking safe passage through the expertise of the midwife, (g) seeing the whole: the woman as part of a family, (h) maintaining control while letting go, and (i) midwife as trusted and trusting. The themes were not isolated, but were interrelated to form a whole that captured the experience of midwifery support for the women in the study. The significance or essence of the experience was that, for these women, the midwife was seen as an essential and irreplaceable dimension of the birth experience. -- The findings stress the need for more continuity of care throughout a woman's pregnancy and childbirth experience, and in particular, highlight the need for the constant presence of a known and trusted caregiver during labor and delivery. Study findings also point to the importance of the health care provider's role in keeping a woman informed throughout the process and allowing her to be a full participant in decisions concerning her care.


identifier: Wang, Duzhong <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wang=3ADuzhong=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Units of integral semigroup rings.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Units of integral semigroup rings

abstract: In this thesis, we study the unit group U(ZS) of the integral semigroup ring ZS of a finite semigroup S. Throughout, we assume that ZS has an identity, and unless mentioned otherwise, it is assumed that QS is a semisimple Artinian ring. -- In the first part, we study large subgroups of U(ZS). First, two types of units are introduced: the Bass cyclic units and the bicyclic units. These are appropriate generalizations of the analogous group ring case. In the main theorem, it is shown that, as in the case of integral group rings, both the Bass cyclic units and bicyclic units generate a subgroup of finite index in U(ZS), for a large class of integral semigroup rings. Because the proof ultimately relies on the celebrated congruence theorems, one has to exclude some semigroups which have some specific Wedderburn simple components of degree 1 or 2 over Q. -- In chapter 3, we deal with some examples. We consider the class of semigroups S that are monoid extensions of elementary Rees semigroups. An algorithm is given to compute generators for the full unit group U(ZS). The algorithm is then applied to a specific example. -- Finally, we classify the semigroups such that the unit group U(ZS) is either finite or has a free subgroup of finite index. The former extends Higman's result to the case of semigroup rings.


identifier: Batten, Dennis William <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Batten=3ADennis_William=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Univariate polytomous ordinal regression analysis with application to diabetic retinopathy data.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: There are many situations in practice where one is interested to find the regression effects of the covariates on polytontous responses. Furthermore, there are situations where polytomous responses are ordinal by nature. These types of data are commonly analyzed by exploiting the well-known probit and cumulative logit models. These methods, however, require the introduction of certain cut-points to distinguish ordered categories of the polytomous responses, and these cut-points are required ito be estimated consistently, which may not be easily obtained. In the practncum, we use a recently developed non-cut-point based cumulative logit mo del to resolve this estimation problem. The regression analysis chosen in the practicum was motivated by a need for a refined analysis of a diabetes data set used in the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopatlhy (WESDR). The practicum discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the existing as well as the new techniques- The non-cut-point based approach was found to give the best fit to the diabetes data, with easy interpretation of the regression estimates.


identifier: Yuan, Bojiong <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Yuan=3ABojiong=3A=3A.html>   (1994) Upper critical field of inhomogeneous superconductors.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The thesis consists of two distinct but closely related parts. In the first part we present an analysis of the angular dependence of the upper critical field of a type II superconducting film, using the de Gennes-Werthamer formalism. The results are presented for a range of thicknesses, which includes the special case of the semi-infinite geometry, and for all orientations 0 < θ < π/2. It is shown that careful consideration is required to recover the limiting parallel field case (θ → 0) from the finite θ calculation. A comparison with earlier work in this area is given and it is shown that more detailed and systematic experimental studies are required in order to resolve the differences between experiment and theory. In the second part, the temperature dependence of the parallel upper critical field for a layered superconductor is investigated within the framework of de Gennes-Werthamer theory. The resultant upper critical field curves are shown to be strongly dependent upon the presence of the free surface and the character of the initial layer deposited on an insulated substrate. A direct comparison of the calculated upper critical field curves with the experimental results on Nb/NbZr layered structures is given. The results are in good agreement provided the pair-breaking effect of the spin paramagnetism is included.


identifier: Harper, Fiona Morag <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Harper=3AFiona_Morag=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Uptake, retention and elimination of cysts of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp. by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Cysts of the toxic dinoflagellate Aiexandriam spp. have been implicated in incidents of paralytic shellfish poisoning. There is a paucity of data concerning the possible effects the benthic resting cyst may have upon bivalve biology, although the effects of motile, vegetative Alexandrium cells on bivalve physiology have been extensively studied. The research presented in this thesis examines the role mussels may play in recirculating dinoflagellate cysts within an aquaculture site, the impact of passage through the bivalve gut on the viability of cysts, and the retention time of the cysts within the bivalve digestive tract. -- Mussels from the top and bottom of mussel socks were similarly contaminated with cysts of several dinoflagellate species (Scrippsiella sp., A. fundyense, putative A. ostenfeldii) as there was active sediment resuspension within the site. Scrippsiella sp. cysts dominated the dinoflagellate cyst population of the sediment, however fewer cysts of this species were egested. The composition of the faecal material collected from mussels contaminated in the field and in the laboratory suggests putative A. ostenfeldii cysts were not digested since intact cells of this species were dominant in the faeces. The estimated 8% daily replenishment rate of the bottom sediment A ostenfeldii hypnozygotes by faecal pellet deposition is a considerable contribution to the maintenance of dinoflagellate cyst populations. As well, putative A. ostenfeldii cysts were viable following passage through the acidic bivalve gut. The thick-walled dinoflagellate cysts egested in faeces were of similar viability as cysts found in sediments, germinating in about 10-14 days. The estimated gut retention time of these cysts was 9 h. -- The egestion of viable cysts from mussels could have serious implications for current aquaculture practice. The transport of contaminated bivalves among sites may result in the transfer of viable cysts, capable of germinating and seeding a toxic dinoflagellate bloom in a previously uncontaminated area.


identifier: Putra, Wing Hendroprasetyo Akbar <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Putra=3AWing_Hendroprasetyo_Akbar=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Use of alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique for sizing internal surface defects on thin-walled austenitic stainless steel pipes.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The demand for more reliable materials to face corrosion problems in process plant equipment has led to the use of advanced materials such as stainless steel for many piping systems. As severe localised corrosion sometimes attacks these steels, a reliable inspection technique is needed to detect and characterise such damage, prior to failure of the system. This thesis explores the potential of Alternating Current Field Measurement (ACFM) as a suitable technique for addressing this problem. ACFM is a relatively new electromagnetic based non-destructive testing (NDT) technique that can be used for inspecting electrically conductive materials. The technique offers the potential to detect and size surface, subsurface, or remote surface defects in components made from either carbon or stainless steels. -- On the Hibernia platform, stainless steel piping systems that are used to transport freshwater or seawater are sometimes attacked by localised corrosion processes near welds. -- Experiments were carried out to develop models to predict the actual depth and length of defects on the inside surface of 6-Mo austenitic stainless steel pipes using the ACFM technique. Two different pipe wall thicknesses were considered in the experiments. Artificial defects of variable depth and length were made using a slitting wheel. Some of the defects were located in the parent metal and others were located at the weld toe. The experimental results indicate that it is possible to reliably detect and characterise backwall corrosion damage in 6-Mo piping systems using ACFM. Larger defects were noted to produce clearer indications, as would be expected for this NDT technique. It was also apparent that there was no significant difference between results obtained from defects located in the parent metal and results obtained from similar defects located at the weld toe, suggesting that changes in material properties near the weld (e.g. variations in magnetic permeability) have an insignificant influence on the ACFM signals.


identifier: Fougere, Donna Elizabeth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Fougere=3ADonna_Elizabeth=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Using literature with children and adolescents to improve reading proficiency : Folio Paper 1: use of literature in the primary grades ; Folio Paper 2: use of literature in the elementary grades ; Folio Paper 3: use of literature in junior and senior.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In past years, the arguments against literature-based reading instruction by some school-based educators (e.g., teachers and administrators) have always revolved around skill mastery and test scores. The general feeling was that while "real" books were a nice addition to the curriculum, there was no solid evidence that students could learn the skills of reading through the use of literature. This is no longer true because numerous studies have found that the use of literature has a positive effect upon students' reading achievement. Based on research, there is ample documentation of reading programs that have successfully used literature to increase vocabulary, improve comprehension, and raise test scores. -- To determine how literature can be used to improve reading proficiency in terms of vocabulary and comprehension skills, a series of three papers focusing on its use with students at different grade levels follows. The levels include: primary (i.e., grades K to 3), elementary (i.e., grades 4 to 6) and junior/senior high (i.e., grades 7 to 12). Also included is a sampling of recent research along with descriptions of actual classrooms/schools where literature-based programs have been in use.


identifier: Zorzi, Rochelle A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Zorzi=3ARochelle_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Values as mediators in attitude perception.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Value-Referent Model of attitude inference proposes that people refer to values when inferring one attitude from another. This paper presents two studies designed to test the model. Study One used a non-experimental design to explore the assumption that people perceive links between values and attitudes. Participants were required to infer values on the basis of attitudes, or attitudes on the basis of values. It was found that the participants perceived consistent and meaningful relationships between the values and the attitudes, but inferring attitudes from values was easier than inferring values from attitudes. -- Study Two used an experimental design to test the model more directly. Participants were asked to make attitude-to-attitude inferences. The attitude statement that was attributed to the target person was relevant to two values, each of which was made salient for some of the participants prior to the attitude inference task. Each of these values was relevant to some of the attitudes that were to be inferred. If the model is correct, value salience should have increased response speed for those items related to the value. A General Linear Model analysis found no significant effects. A manipulation check revealed problems with the response speed measurement, so the results of the experiment are inconclusive. Qualitative data collected from participants at the end of the study suggested that many of them did refer to values when making the attitude inference, although not to the values that were made salient in the experiment- Further research is necessary to confirm or disconfirm the model.


identifier: Benoit, Hugues P. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Benoit=3AHugues_P=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Variability in the rates of growth and development in marine fishes and their effect on the timing of early life history transitions.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: There is considerable variability in the timing of early life history transitions within and among species of marine fishes. Variability in the ages and sizes at which fish undergo metamorphosis, from larvae to juveniles, may be particularly important in determining survival because metamorphosis represents the culmination of a period of high mortality and corresponds to a stage by which recruitment levels begin to be established. Using a combination of empirical multi-species literature reviews, experiments, and simple analytical modelling, I show that variability in size and age at metamorphosis results from the integration of the variability occurring throughout early development. -- Analysis of several published studies indicates that average metamorphic length is relatively constant within species and mean metamorphic age is the time that it takes to grow to that length. Results from the empirical literature review and from experiments with yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectes ferrugineus) demonstrate that differences in the growth trajectories of individual larvae result in considerable variability in metamorphic age, and to a lesser extent length, within populations. Furthermore results from a growth reconstruction study using otolith growth diameters suggest that the metamorphic age of individuals may be predicted by the size that larvae have achieved two weeks after hatch. Sources of such variance in initial body length were considered in a second experiment, which demonstrated that the hatching length of yellowtail flounder larvae is determined by interactions between rearing temperatures, maternally derived differences in egg diameter and individual differences in development time. These interacting variables result in considerable, environment- dependent scope for variability in initial larval lengths. -- I conclude by making empirical (multi-species) comparisons of individual-level variability in stage duration and length of larvae at hatching and metamorphosis. In doing so I argue that differences among individuals are generated in a fairly consistent manner for developing embryos and larvae. As a consequence, individual developmental trajectories may begin to diverge soon after fertilization, resulting in considerable variability in the timing of metamorphosis. These results are corroborated by a simple analytical model for autocorrelated individual growth. Overall, the results presented in this thesis suggest that small differences in body size or development rate among individuals occurring early during ontogeny can affect events that occur months later, and may determine eventual chances for survival.


identifier: Gram, Nicola Prio <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gram=3ANicola_Prio=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Distance education environments and the concern for community.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to create a case for the concern that aspects of community important to education are missing from or not realisable in distance education environments. First, I establish the existence of such a concern and outline the case that will be made for it. Community is defined. Then, I begin making the case for communities as being important to education, particularly, communities of discourse. Communities are important to education, because, in short, communities of discourse are the ends and means of education. I illustrate a variety of these ends and means through descriptions of three educational discourse communities. I then discuss distance education environments in terms of their effects on the expression of and need for educational discourse. Distance education environments that affect educational discourse affect educational discourse communities, because the form that discourse takes is constitutive of discourse communities. Finally, I discuss the hypothesised effects of distance education environments on educational discourse, and discuss what, if any, of these hypothesized effects should matter to educators. I end with a brief analysis of the philosophical and practical ramifications of this discussion and some suggestions for further study.


identifier: McCreadie, John William <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McCreadie=3AJohn_William=3A=3A.html>   (1991) Ecological characterizations of cytotypes of the Simulium venustum-verecundum complex (Diptera- simuliidae) found on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The S. venustum/verecundum complex (Avalon Peninsula,Newfoundland) was examined to ascertain if individualcytotypes had unique and predictable ecological characteristics. Emphasis was placed on larval spatial-temporal distribution. Six cytotypes were found: EFG/C venustum, CC2-3 venustum (combined CC2 and CC3), AC(gb) venustum. AA verecundum and ACD verecundum. -- Larval cytotypes selected different macrohabitats. EFG/C and ACD were sublacustrine species; CC2-3 and AC(gb) preferred downstream sites. Within downstream habitats CC3 usually occurred in large streams and AC(gb) in cool canopied sites with a bed of small stones or rubble; CC2 was ubiquitous. AA preferred outlets and trickles. Cytotype fauna changed in a continuous, directional and predictable manner with increased distance from outlets. -- Abundance of CC2-3 increased with increasing seston and- discharge,  and decreasing conductivity.  AC(gb)  abundance increased with increasing stream width. -- Larval cytotypes also selected different microhabitats. Optimal velocity for EFG/C and ACD was 0.36 and 0.71 m/s, respectively. EFG/C preferred shallow water but ACD showed no depth preference. These differences were not related to larval size. Maximum abundance of EFG/C occurred 10.5 - 16.O m from outlets;  ACD  was  most  abundant  just  below  outlets. Proportionally more ACD and AA were found on vegetation than rocks; the reverse was true for EFG/C. The density of ACD and AA was higher on vegetation than rocks. -- Seasonal occurrence of cytotypes overlapped but population peaks were typically asynchronous. EFG/C appeared 1-5 weeks earlier than other cytotypes. ACD and AA appeared later and remained longer than other cytotypes. EFG/C was univoltine. AC(gb) may have a limited second generation. CC2-3 was bi- or multivoltine. ACD and AA were multivoltine. -- EFG/C complete larval development from 5 - 30°C with maximum survival between 15 - 20°C (68.0 - 73.5%). An ACD-AA mixed population completed development between 5 - 25°C with maximum survival between 15 - 25°C (55.3 - 61,0%) . The temperature survival curve of EFG/C was significantly different from ACD-AA. Threshold temperature was 0°C. Degree- days to complete larval development varied with temperature, cytotype and sex. Temperature also affected larval size. -- It was concluded that each cytotype examined was a distinct species with a unique and predictable ecological profile, supporting the hypothesis of widespread sibling speciation within the S. venustum/verecundum complex.


identifier: Robards, Martin D. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Robards=3AMartin_D=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Ecology and demographics of Pacific sand lance, Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Distinct sand lance populations occur within the relatively small geographic area of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. Marked meso-scale differences in abundance, growth, and mortality existed as a consequence of differing oceanographic regimes. Growth rate within populations (between years) was positively correlated with temperature. -- However, this did not extend to inter-population comparisons where differing growth rates were better correlated to marine productivity. Opaque otoliths form in juvenile sand lance during their first summer coinciding with their period of rapid growth. Subsequent opaque zones are deposited during spring, in conjunction with rapidly increasing water temperatures. Areal rather than radial descriptors of otolith size provide the best relation to sand lance length. A single linear regression was insufficient to describe this relationship with separate linear regressions needed for both juveniles and adults. No sexual dimorphism was observed for sand lance in length-at-weight (gonad-free) or length-at-age. Most sand lance reached maturity in their second year. Field observations and indices of maturity, gonad development, and ova-size distribution all indicated that sand lance spawn once each year. Males mature earlier in the season than females, but females (31 %) attain a higher gonadosomatic index than males (21 %). Sand lance spawned intertidally in late September and October on fine gravel/sandy beaches soon after the seasonal peak in water temperatures. Fecundity of females (93-199 mm) was proportional to length, ranging from 1,468 to 16,081 ova. Spawned eggs were 1.02 ± 0.08 mm in diameter, demersal, slightly adhesive, and deposited in the intertidal just below the waterline. Sand lance embryos developed over 67 days through periods of intertidal exposure and sub-freezing air temperatures. Mean dry-weight energy value of sand lance cycles seasonally, peaking in spring and early summer (20.91 klg-1 for males, 21.08 kJg-1 for females), and subsequently declining by about 25 % during late summer and fall (15.91 kJg-1 for males, 15.74 kJg-1 for females). Declines in energy density during late summer paralleled gonadal development, sand lance entering the winter with close to their minimum whole body energy content. Dry weight energy densities of juveniles increased from a minimum 16.67 kJg-1 to a maximum of 19.68 kJg-1 and are higher than adults in late summer.


identifier: Cadigan, Sean T.(Sean Thomas) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cadigan=3ASean_T=2E=28Sean_Thomas=29=3A=3A.html>   (1991) Economic and social relations of production on the Northeast-Coast of Newfoundland, with special reference to Conception Bay, 1785-1855.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines aspects of northeast-coast Newfoundland society and economy from 1785 to 1855, giving particular attention to Conception Bay as the longest settled and most economically developed part of the coast. While a well-established Newfoundland historiography suggests that it is no longer acceptable to see fish merchants as responsible for Newfoundland underdevelopment, this view has still found a home in some recent Marxist writing. This study departs from the view that fish merchants alone caused the colony's underdevelopment, finding instead a dynamic class relationship based on accommodation between fish merchants and fishing families. Relations between these two groups unfolded within a society and economy shaped not only by a limited resource endowment, but also by the political and legal infrastructure of a region and of a fishing industry often marked by antagonistic capitalist, colonial and imperial interests. -- Fishing families, unable to see any way of producing a significant amount of subsistence or capital goods, had no choice but to rely on merchant credit and purchase imported goods. Merchants were able to manipulate prices to insulate themselves from cyclical variations in prices and catches, in exchange for accepting the risk of extending credit in both good years and bad. Merchants did not thwart agricultural or industrial alternatives to the fishery because local commodity producers could find no resource base from which successfully to begin such activity. The overhead costs of credit, in addition to the fishery's labour requirements and legal infrastructure, ensured that fish producers continued to rely on family labour. Only with the advent of the Reform and Liberal struggles for constitutional reform in the 1820s would merchants be cast as the class antagonists of fishing families, stifling the latter's every attempt to break the merchants' hold over their livelihoods.


identifier: Ryan, Catherine Maxine <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ryan=3ACatherine_Maxine=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Effect of algal cell density, dietary composition, growth phase and macronutrient concentration on growth and survival of giant scallop Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791) larvae and spat in a commerical hatchery.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was aimed at optimizing the growth and survival of Placopecten magellanicus larvae and spat by manipulation of the hatchery algal diet with respect to cell density, species composition, phase of harvest, and macronutrient concentration of the algal growth medium. Algae were cultured in a chemostat system in which variations in cell density and growth rate could be controlled. -- This study indicated that an algal cell density of 40 cells/μl resulted in most efficient use of the algal ration. This ration was then fed to spat in subsequent growth trials. Spat were stained with calcein (0.15 g/L seawater) prior to experimentation, for a duration of 72 hours, to introduce fluorescent marker bands which could be used to measure new shell growth in these trials. -- Attempts to improve the standard hatchery diet by the addition of algal species showed that Tetraselmis suecica, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chroomonas salina were not beneficial as a supplement to a mixed algal diet for Placopecten larvae and spat. -- Scallop larvae were found to grow better when fed logarithmic phase algae or algae cultured under high macronutrient concentration, suggesting a higher requirement for protein during early development. Spat were found to grow better overall when fed stationary phase algae or algae cultured under low macronutrient concentration, which were found to be high in lipid and carbohydrate content important for metamorphosis and postlarval (spat) development. Spat shell growth and total lipid and carbohydrate of the diet were positively correlated. -- The results of the study also indicated that Thalassiosira weissflogii was beneficial in a mixed algal diet for giant scallop spat, and that spat selectively ingest significantly more Thalassiosira weissflogii by volume in comparison to a species of similar cell size, Tetraselmis suecica. -- This study indicates where improvements can be made to traditionally used mixed algal diets fed to larvae and spat in a commercial hatchery giving higher growth and survival prior to transfer to the natural environment at nursery or grow-out sites.


identifier: Omar, Rabeea Fahmy <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Omar=3ARabeea_Fahmy=3A=3A.html>   (1994) Effect of Cytochrome P-450 induction on the metabolism and toxicity of Ochratoxin A.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The role of cytochrome P-450 in the stimulation of lipid peroxidation induced by the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) has been investigated. Purified cytochrome P-450 (IIB1) could effectively replace EDTA in stimulating lipid peroxidation in a reconstituted system consisting of phospholipid vesicles, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, Fe³⁺, EDTA and NADPH, suggesting that it could mediate the transfer of electrons from NADPH to Fe³⁺. Microsomes isolated from livers of cobalt protoporphyrin IX-treated rats (in which cytochrome P-450 was depleted) underwent OTA-dependent lipid peroxidation much more slowly than control microsomes. -- The role of cytochrome P-450 in OTA metabolism was also investigated. To determine which cytochrome P-450 isoforms are involved in the metabolism of OTA, we used different cytochrome P-450 inducers to induce the major isoforms of cytochrome P-450 in the rat liver. Microsomes from these livers were used to investigate their effect on OTA metabolism. Pretreatment of rats with pregnenolone -16α-carbonitrile (PCN), phenobarbital (PB), 3-methyl cholanthrene (3MC), and isosafrole (ISF) greatly induced 4(R)-4-OH-OTA formation; 4(S)-4-OII-OTA formation was also induced after pretreatment with PB, PCN, 3MC and ISF. INH pretreatment primarily induced the 4(S) isomer formation. The formation of the 4(R) and 4(S) isomers showed significant differences with respect to pH optima, effect of antioxidants and iron chelators. The 4(R) isomer formation showed a pH optimum of 6.0 using microsomes from rats treated with 3MC and ISF, and 6.5 using microsomes from rats treated with PB and PCN and was not inhibited by antioxidants or iron chelators. In contrast, both the 4(S) isomer formation and lipid peroxidation showed a pH optimum of 7.0 - 7.5 and both activities were highly sensitive to inhibition by antioxidants and iron chelators. Lipid peroxides were not involved in the 4(S) isomer formation since addition of linoleic acid hydroperoxide to microsomes did not give rise to the 4(S) isomer. Cytochrome P-450 appeared to be essential since other hemoproteins such as horseradish peroxidase and hemoglobin were ineffective in metabolizing OTA. Microsomes from rats pretreated with Co-protoporphyrin IX resulted in no metabolism of ochratoxin A. 7-Ethoxy- and 7-pentoxyresorufin assays showed specificity towards cytochromes P-450 induced by 3MC (IA1/IA2) and PB (IIB1) respectively. Also, metyrapone (inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 IIB1) preferentially inhibited OTA metabolism by microsomes from rats treated with PB, and α-naphthoflavone (inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 IA1/IA2) preferentially inhibited OTA metabolism by microsomes from 3MC and ISF treated rats. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 1-7-1 (against P-450 IA1/IA2) and 2-66-3 (against P-450 IIB1) showed preferential inhibition of OTA metabolism by microsomes from 3MC and PB treated rats respectively. -- Excretion of renal enzymes in urine is a sensitive non-invasive index of renal damage. Therefore, we examined the effect of cytochrome P-450 induction on the excretion of alkaline phosphatase and ɤ-glutamyl transferase (ɤ-GT) in a PB-treated rat group and a control rat group (both groups received OTA). At the fourth day of OTA treatment higher enzyme levels were found in the control group compared to the PB group. The results provide evidence for the stimulatory role of cytochrome P-450 in OTA-induced lipid peroxidation. Also, our data suggest that 4(R)-4-OH-OTA is formed by normal mixed function oxidation but that 4(S)-4-OH-OTA formation may involve free iron. Also, our results show that the major cytochrome P-450 isoforms catalyzing OTA hydroxylation are IA1/IA2 (3MC and ISF), IIB1 (PB) and IIIA1/IIIA2 (PCN). The results from in vivo experiments suggest a protective effect of PB against OTA toxicity (through inducing cytochrome P-450, thus metabolizing more OTA and excreting it faster from the body compared to controls). This was also evident from in vivo experiments of [³H]OTA distribution. Therefore, OTA hydroxylation is more likely to be a detoxification pathway.


identifier: Lin, Shujun <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lin=3AShujun=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Effect of dietary lipid and astaxanthin level on pigmentation of arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A 3 x 3 factorial design was used to study the effects of dietary lipid and astaxanthin levels on the pigmentation of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Different groups of charr with mean initial weight of 70.16 ± 2.18 g were fed with diets containing 10, 18 or 26 % dietary lipid together with 40, 60 or 80 ppm synthetic astaxanthin for 24 weeks. The proximate composition of flesh, total carotenoid concentration in flesh and belly skin, and the Hunter colour values of filets, homogenized flesh and belly skin were determined at 4-week intervals. The apparent digestibility coefficient of carotenoid and specific growth rate (SGR) of the experimental fish at different dietary lipid and carotenoid levels were also investigated. Results indicated that: -- (1). The moisture content of flesh was inversely related to the level of dietary lipid, while there was a significant direct relationship between the content of flesh and dietary lipid. The protein and mineral content of flesh were not significantly influenced by the level of dietary lipid. -- (2). The total carotenoid concentration in flesh and belly skin of charr increased with time. The concentration of carotenoids in the flesh generally reached or exceeded 4 mg/kg wet tissue on week-16, 20 and 24 for the fish receiving 26, 18 and 10 % dietary lipid, respectively. This amount is considered as being sufficient for providing a satisfactory colour impression. The carotenoid concentration in the flesh and belly skin of fish was directly correlated with both dietary lipid and carotenoid levels. There was a significant interaction between dietary lipid and carotenoid levels on the total carotenoid concentration in flesh and belly skin of charr. A high correlation also existed between the carotenoid concentration and total lipid content in flesh. -- (3). The intensity of redness (Hunter a) and yellowness (Hunter b) of filet, homogenized flesh, and belly skin for all treatments increased with time on pigmented diets while their lightness (Hunter L) decreased. The Hunter L values of filet, homogenized flesh, and belly skin were inversely correlated with their carotenoid contents, whereas their Hunter a and b values correlated directly with the total carotenoid concentration. No significant relationship existed between any of the Hunter colour values and the lipid content in the flesh of charr. -- (4). The retention of carotenoids in charr flesh varied significantly among treatments, ranged from 4.13 to 10.66 %. The total amount of carotenoids retained in flesh was directly related to the content of dietary lipid, but inversely related to dietary carotenoid levels. There was a significant interaction of dietary lipid and carotenoid levels on the retention of carotenoids in flesh. -- (5). The apparent digestibility coefficient of carotenoids, ranging from 47.99 to 73.62 %, correlated directly with the content of dietary lipid, but inversely with dietary carotenoid levels. There was a high correlation between the amount of carotenoids retained in flesh and their digestibility. No interaction of dietary lipid and carotenoid on the carotenoid digestibility was observed. -- (6). The dietary lipid and carotenoid levels used in this study did not result in any abnormal growth of fish. The specific growth rate (SGR) of the fish fed 18 and 26% dietary lipid were significantly higher than that of the groups receiving 10% dietary lipid. In addition, at the same level of dietary lipid (18 %), the weight gains of fish on dietary carotenoids were faster than that of fish receiving no dietary carotenoids. However, these differences were not statistically significant. -- In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that an increase in both lipid and carotenoid levels in charr diet enhances deposition of carotenoids in the fish flesh and skin. There was a significant interaction of dietary lipid and carotenoids on the pigmentation of Arctic charr. Thus, an increase in dietary lipid within a certain range may improve the pigmentation efficacy of charr.


identifier: Vernescu, Roxana M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Vernescu=3ARoxana_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Distinctiveness effects in children's long-term retention.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The bizarre imagery effect (BIE) was examined in children's long-term retention, as a manipulation of distinctiveness. In a mixed-list, free recall design kindergartners and Grade 2 children were presented with bizarre and common interactions of objects they were to remember. Toys were used to act out these interactions during acquisition. Children's recall was tested following a three-week retention interval. Main effects of grade and gender emerged at acquisition, but no significant item effect. As expected, 2nd graders made fewer errors at acquisition than kindergartners, but surprisingly, boys made fewer errors than girls. A 2 (item: C vs. B) x 2 (grade: K vs. 2) x 2 (gender: boys vs. girls) x 4 (trial) analysis of covariance was used for long-term retention analyses. Main effects of grade, item, and trial emerged, indicating that 2nd graders made fewer errors at retention than kindergartners, all children made fewer errors on the bizarre than common items, and errors declined across the 4 retention test trials. A significant Item x Trial interaction also emerged with bizarre items enjoying fewer errors across trials. Trace-integrity model analyses revealed an age difference. The primary effect of distinctiveness was found to be at reminiscence for kindergarten children, facilitating both storage- and retrieval-based parameters. A similar pattern was seen for 2nd graders, who, in addition, enjoyed a reduction in retrieval-based forgetting. That is, bizarre/distinctive items were much less likely to have a retrieval-based forgetting component over common items, for this age group. It is concluded that not only does the BIE arise in younger ages, but developmentally, this effect seems to increase both quantitatively (probability of storage-based reminiscence doubled between kindergarten and Grade 2) and qualitatively (Grade 2 children also benefited from distinctiveness in terms of retrieval-based forgetting).


identifier: Rada, Irina <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rada=3AIrina=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Distributed generation of state space for timed Petri nets.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Development of complex systems is usually preceded by detailed studies of their models. For concurrent systems, Petri nets have proved to be a convenient modeling formalism because of their ability to express concurrency, synchronization, precedence constraints and nondeterminism. Timed Petri nets also take into account the durations of modeled activities, facilitating qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of models. The behavior of Petri nets is represented by their state spaces, which are Markov (or embedded Markov) chains. For large models these state spaces easily exceed the resources of a single computer system. Readily available networks of computers provide an attractive alternative to complex methods of state space reduction or aggregation. -- The main objective of this project is to use a cluster of PC's or workstations for the state space generation of timed Petri nets. The distributed algorithm uses a divide and conquer technique: disjoint regions of the state graph are constructed on different machines. On each machine the communication is separated from the computation part, and is performed by two specialized concurrent processes: one receiving, and one sending messages. The implementation is based on PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) using a modified version of TPN-tools, a software package for the analysis of timed Petri nets. Experiments performed on a cluster of 32 PC's connected via a 100 Mbps Ethernet show almost linear speedup for some classes of timed Petri nets.


identifier: Grant, Virginia L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Grant=3AVirginia_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1992) Drug-induced place conditioning in goldfish : evolutionary implications for neural mechanisms of reward.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The underlying concern of this dissertation is with the evolutionary origins of a reward system extensively studied in rats. This system, called here the dopamine reward system, is characterized by three features: a dopamine mechanism, an opioid mechanism, and a functional dependence of the opioid mechanism on the dopamine mechanism. The same system appears to be present in all mammals, and possibly birds, suggesting that the system was also present in the common ancestor from which modern reptiles, birds, and mammals evolved. Thus, it seems possible that the dopamine reward system originated from an even earlier ancestor of vertebrates. To evaluate this possibility, goldfish were studied, because fish were the first modern vertebrates to evolve and, hence, are the most distantly related of all vertebrates to mammals. -- The presence of dopamine and opioid reward mechanisms in goldfish was tested by determining whether drugs with known effects on dopamine and opioid mechanisms have rewarding effects in the place conditioning procedure. The indirect dopamine agonist amphetamine (3.6 and 5.0 mg/kg) reliably produced conditioned place preferences. The direct and relatively selective dopamine agonist, apomorphine, also had rewarding effects, but only at rather low doses (0.4-0.5 mg/kg; doses of 0.25, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg were ineffective). These findings provide evidence for a dopamine reward mechanism in goldfish. Two other findings, however, were not consistent with such an interpretation. (1) No rewarding effects were found with cocaine (10 and 20 mg/kg), a psychomotor stimulant similar to amphetamine. (2) The rewarding effects of amphetamine were not blocked by either of the dopamine antagonists haloperidol (0.15 mg/kg) or flupentixol (0.8 mg/kg). This second finding raises doubts about the role of dopamine in the rewarding effects of amphetamine. -- In tests for the presence of an opioid reward mechanism in goldfish, morphine, whether administered intraperitoneally (5 to 30 mg/kg) or intracranially (0.3 μg), consistently failed to produce a rewarding effect. In view of these findings it was not feasible to test for the third feature of the dopamine reward system, namely, the functional dependence of the opioid mechanism on the dopamine mechanism. -- The phylogenetic implications of these findings were discussed.


identifier: Han, Yingcai <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Han=3AYingcai=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Dynamic behaviour of pile foundations with soil-pile interaction.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Pile foundations are often used in soft soils to support heavy structures, such as offshore towers, nuclear power plants, tall buildings, dams and bridges. There are many situations where these structures may undergo dynamic loading, for example, earthquake forces, wave forces, wind forces, blasting and unbalanced machines etc. There has been a remarkable increase in the study of pile dynamics in the last twenty years, although piles have been used for hundreds of years. -- In this study, the dynamic behavior of single piles and pile groups are investigated theoretically and compared with experimental results performed earlier. Both theoretical and experimental studies have shown that the dynamic response of the piles is very sensitive to the properties of the soil in the vicinity of the piles. The impedances of the soil layer are formulated for different modes of vibration based on a new model of the boundary zone with non-reflective interface, which is more realistic and robust than the current leading models of Novak and Veletsos. -- With the impedances of the soil media derived, the stiffness and damping for single piles and pile groups are presented. The validity of the boundary zone model for the soil-pile system is verified by comparison with the dynamic experiments which were conducted on single steel piles and on a concrete pile group in the field, respectively. The effects of non-linearity of the soil-pile system under strong excitation, the pile-soil-pile interaction (group effect) and the influence of frozen soil on the piles are investigated comprehensively. The results obtained from this study provide a guideline for engineering design, to increase the safety of the piles and the structures.


identifier: Commerford, Stacey M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Commerford=3AStacey_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Dysarthria under a linguist's microscope.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines adult dysarthria from a phonetics/phonology perspective. Three types of dysarthria are analyzed; ataxic, mixed (spastic and flaccid), and hypokinetic. The objective in this thesis is to use acoustic analysis to describe what types of linguistic deficit results from dysarthria. -- This thesis examines dysarthria with respect to the source-filter theory. It identifies dysarthria as a source problem resulting in a suprasegmental impairment across all dysarthric types. The two prevalent problems are poor phonation and low pitch levels. Two out of the three clients also exhibit problems with rhythm. Linguistically, dysarthria is a problem that impairs prosody. From the analysis gathered in this data, there appears to be few segmental (or filter) problems. Even the absence of aspiration on the initial voiceless stop can be a source problem, since normal aspiration requires intensity of an aperiodic (noise) source. However, this is not to say that misarticulations do not exist in dysarthric clients. Implications for intelligibility and treatment are discussed.


identifier: Tarrant, Robert Gerard <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Tarrant=3ARobert_Gerard=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Early childhood intervention in rural Newfoundland : a community based approach.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis has no abstract


identifier: Chippett, Darryl C. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chippett=3ADarryl_C=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Early home based interventions with developmentally delayed young children.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This paper folio examines current offerings on early intervention with developmentally delayed preschoolers, giving emphasis to delivering services and supports directly to parents and children in their own homes. This work is deemed important because not all children develop their skills and competencies at the same rate as their same aged peers and it is the task of others to encourage their development and to minimize any developmental lags. -- The first paper in this folio, "A Perspective on the Need for Early Interventions with Developmentally Delayed Young Children," provides an overview of the conceptual issues and intervention approaches offered in current literature. -- Paper two of this folio, "Toward the Most Appropriate Practices for Intervening with Developmentally Delayed Young Children and Their Families," utilizes the critical dimensions of early intervention derived in paper one to examine two major documents offered as useful in designing and evaluating programs for young children at national and regional levels. -- Finally, paper three of this folio examines a regional approach to early intervention with developmentally delayed young children.


identifier: Sternberg, Leslie Louise <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sternberg=3ALeslie_Louise=3A=3A.html>   (1974) Eastern Newfoundland's cooperative arts festival : a study of values and value conflicts.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis attempts to describe the Northern Bay Festival of the Arts (a fictitious name), an annual summer event on the east coast of Newfoundland. It is a study of the region as a whole, rather than of a single community, and considers the social and the economic effects of festival activities on the value systems of the local population and of those outsiders who participated in the festival. The analysis is based on the author’s finding that the notion of “festival” held by some of the outsiders to the area (tourists and festival workers alike) was at odds with the notion of festival goals and activities held by the local people themselves. The alienation of outsider from insider in the festival’s operations is documented through a detailed discussion of its various aspects, including the presentation of five case studies, and the general problems of a clash between the values of a traditional people and the values of outsiders visiting the area. It is suggested that the local population is in a sense tied to a particular, historically significant set of values which precludes their viewing the festival as other than an opportunity to develop economically, and that this orientation was reinforced by the work of people from the provincial government and the university Extension Service. This thesis examines the implications of this more limited view of “community development” – as it is fostered by, and implicated in, the activities of the festival – against a background of community development theory and practice.


identifier: Murphy, Brian Joseph Patrick <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Murphy=3ABrian_Joseph_Patrick=3A=3A.html>   (1975) Effect of growth hormone on polyamine synthesis in rat liver.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: One of the initial events in the response to exogenous growth hormone in rats is a marked increase in the activity of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme for polyamine biosynthesis.  It is thought that polyamines could participate in the control of protein synthesis, both at the level of transcription and translation.  Therefore, it would appear probable that their synthesis could be an important step in the protein anabolic response of the liver to growth hormone. – Ornithine decarboxylase activity is generally assayed by the release of ¹⁴CO₂ from ornithine 1-¹⁴c but this carbon may also be released by the sequential action of the mitochondrial enzymes ornithine transaminase, ∆¹ pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.  Therefore, the assay of ornithine decarboxylase in crude homogenate requires inhibition of this pathway.  In the present study, aminooxyacetate (10-5M) inhibited over 98% of ornithine transaminase activity and virtually eliminated decarboxylation of ornithine by mitochondria, without any effect on cytoplasmic ODG activity.  That the cytoplasmic activity represented true ODC was shown by the stoichiometric production of CO₂ and putrescine from ornithine. -- Subcellular fractionation of rat liver by differential centrifugation followed by assay of ornithine decarboxylase in presence of aminooxy-acetate and of putrescine dependent S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase, ornithine transaminase and of marker enzymes from each fraction, demonstrated that ornithine decarboxylase and putrescine dependent S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase are exclusively located in the cytosol, while ornithine transaminase is exclusively located in the mitochondrial fraction.  The greatly increased ornithine decarboxylase activity observed after growth hormone administration was also found to be localized entireIy in the cytoplasm.  The specific activities of putrescine dependent S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase and ornithine transaminase showed no change 4 hours after growth hormone administration; their sub-cellular location also remained unaffected. -- Km values for hepatic ornithine decarboxylase using ornithine as a substrate showed no significant differences between control and growth hormone treated rats.  Both displayed Km values of about 32 μM.  The dissociation constants for putrescine as activator of putrescine dependent S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase were also unchanged 4 hours after growth hormone injection (270 μM). -- Ornithine decarboxylase showed a maximal specific activity in liver cytosol at weaning in control rats and then decreased rapidly to a low level of activity about one week later.  At all ages tested, growth hormone injection four hours prior to sacrifice resulted in an elevation of ornithine decarboxylase activity.  However, this response was most marked in young rats (about weaning age) and in older rats (greater than five weeks of age).  For reasons as yet not evident, the response in three to five week old male rats was greatly attenuated. -- A steady increase in activity of ornithine transaminase was observed from neonates to one month of age.  This activity was maintained into adulthood and then began to decline steadily in the older rats.  There was no change in ornithine transaminase activity four hours after growth hormone administration at any of the ages tested. -- Putrescine concentration in rat liver showed a progressive decline with age.  A single injection of growth hormone (2 mg/100 g body weight) four hours before sacrifice resulted in an approximate doubling of putrescine concentration.  Spermidine concentrations also declined with age, but were unaffected by growth hormone.  The concentration of spermine increased to a maximal level at five weeks of age and then steadily declined.  Growth hormone was also without effect on the concentration of this polyamine four hours after injection.


identifier: Ptak, Marcianna <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ptak=3AMarcianna=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Effects of small-scale turbulence on microzooplankton predator-prey interactions.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The biological and chemical processes which affect bacterioplankton growth and mortality have been well studied. Little is known about physical controls on microbial systems. Turbulent mixing can influence the rates of prey encounter and grazing characteristics of small metazoan grazers, however models suggest that small-scale turbulence (Kolmogorov length scale) should not have an effect on microorganisms less than 10 micrometers. Recent studies suggest that, despite theory, turbulent mixing can influence microflagellates. This study has examined the interactions between temperature (0°,5°,10°,15°C) and turbulent mixing on the growth and trophodynamics between the heterotrophic microflagellate Paraphysomonas imperforata and its bacterial prey, Vibrio splendidus. It was found that growth rates of P. imperforata at 5 to 15°C were 1.5 to 2 fold higher under turbulent compared to static conditions. However, as the temperature decreased from 15 to 0°C, ingestion and clearance rates increased 10 fold, but no significant difference was found between the turbulent and static conditions. It is believed that the increased growth rates in the flagellates at the warmer temperatures in the turbulent condition were due to increased encounter rates between the microflagellate and bacteria. The higher ingestion and clearance rates at the colder temperatures are believed to be due to the increase in the viscosity of seawater, allowing flagellates to move a greater volume of water across its boundary layer. These results suggest that growth and ingestion rates determined during static incubations of in situ samples under 15°C from previously published studies may be over or underestimated since turbulence is continuous in nature.


identifier: Robinson, Mary Angela <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Robinson=3AMary_Angela=3A=3A.html>   (1996) Eighteenth-century Newfoundland methodism as a revitalization movement.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Because of the prevailing political and economic conditions, the internal problems inherited from Laurence Coughlan's ministry (1766-1773), and the inability of Methodist leaders to tend to the Conception Bay societies properly, the development of early Newfoundland Methodism proved to be rife with complications. Coughlan's departure from Newfoundland in 1773 left his followers under the care of his lay preachers, whose attempts to keep the societies intact were effective in the short term, but a steady decline in the membership was evidenced over time. The first official mission to Newfoundland (1785-1791), conducted by John McGeary, had its problems as well. McGeary's mission met with resistance from the Anglican church, and was further disadvantaged by personal and professional problems incurred by McGeary himself. As a result the progress of Methodism in Conception Bay in the late eighteenth-century was a formidable challenge for those who attempted to maintain and oversee it Anthony F. C. Wallace's Revitalization theory offers a useful methodology that enables one to study this period and how early Newfoundland Methodism was prone to decline and almost certain collapse. Wallace's model outlines a series of phases (processual structure) which determine how religious movements are initiated, developed and stabilized. According to Wallace, religious reform must complete the primary stages of mazeway reformulation, communication, organization and adaptation before success can be realized. The following study applies Wallace's theory to the events and circumstances of early Newfoundland Methodism, and in doing so identifies several recurrent problems within the movement which help to explain the volatile nature of its early development.


identifier: Jia, Nengyou <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Jia=3ANengyou=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Electrochemistry of proton-exchange-membrane electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) electrodes.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this research is mainly focused on four areas of the electrochemistry of PEMFCs: (1) developing a fast method to screen catalysts, (2) modifying carbon-supported Pt catalysts to improve their performance; (3) demonstrating a new method to accurately measure the catalyst active surface area by cyclic voltammetry; (3) reducing MeOH crossover in direct methanol fuel cells by modifying the electrolyte membrane. -- In order to achieve the above goals, a new electrochemical apparatus was designed to study the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on gas diffusion electrodes. Different kinds of electrode & membrane assemblies (MEA) were made at various platinum loadings and different catalysts (10 % and 20 % Pt on Vulcan XC-72R) using the hot bonding method. Several electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, transient and steady state polarization, and ac impedance) have been used to evaluate the key parameters that determine the oxygen reduction performance of the electrodes, such as active catalyst surface area, Tafel slope, and resistance. Polarization results indicate that a self-written program for collecting current provides useful data for both transient and steady state polarizations. The transient (10s) polarization can fully represent the electrode performance rapidly and reliably. AC impedance is a useful technique for measurement of the cell performance. -- Commercial carbon-supported Pt catalysts were modified by chemical oxidation (HNO₃, H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HCIO₄, NaCIO, H₂O₂, or (NH₄)₂S₂O₈) to enhance the catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction. Catalysts modified by either acidic or non-acidic oxidants can significantly improve ORR performance. The catalysts treated by acids, especially by HNO₃, increase the number of carbon surface functional groups such as - OH and - COOH allowing protons more easy access to the catalyst surface. The improved ionic conductivity on the catalyst surface leads to a higher performance based on the triple contact mechanism for the ORR in the catalyst layer. -- Furthermore, a technique using CO₂ electroreduction/reoxidation was evaluated to accurately measure the active surface area of carbon-supported catalysts as an alternative to the conventional use of hydrogen adsorption. The reduced CO₂ oxidation charge can be used to compare the active surface areas of different catalysts although charge should be used due to the complexity of the products of CO₂ reduction. This method retains the resolution advantage of the CO stripping method, and avoids the overestimation of the active surface area. Moreover, peak and onset potentials for reduced CO₂ oxidation are shown to be representative parameters for explaining catalyst tolerance to MeOH and CO, especially the oxidation onset potentials. -- Finally, membranes modified with conducting polymers by different polymerization methods such as Fe³⁺, (NH₄)₂S₂O₈, H₂O₂, and O₂ with UV irradiation were evaluated in terms of ionic conductivity and permeability to methanol. Electrochemical measurements showed that the modified membranes can significantly reduce methanol crossover. The inhibition of methanol crossover is realized by a lower methanol diffusion coefficient in the membrane as measured by chronoamperometry. The stability of modified membrane needs to be evaluated under practical operating conditions of direct methanol fuel cells.


identifier: Sharma, Ashish <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sharma=3AAshish=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Electroporative transdermal drug delivery : optimization and safety.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The major hurdle in transdermal drug delivery is the barrier property of stratum corneum.  This barrier can be overcome by using electroporation.  Electroporation involves the application of exponentially decaying high voltage pulses of short duration, which results in a transient increase in skin's permeability.  This application of electroporation in transdermal drug delivery is at its early stages of development and needs to be studied in detail. -- Objectives: -- 1) To optimize the electroporative transdermal drug delivery by investigating the following: -- i) relationship between Uelectrode (voltage drop applied across the pulse delivery electrodes) and Uskin (voltage drop across skin). -- ii) effect of electrode design on Uskin. -- iii) influence of Uelectrode, pulse length (Շ), and number of pulses on the transdermal delivery of a model flourescent molecule, i.e., terazosin hydrochloride (TRZ). -- 2) To investigate safety issues related to electroporative delivery by studying the following: -- i) reversibility of skin's enhanced permeability -- ii) histological changes in the skin due to electroporation -- In-vitro experiments were performed using freshly excised skin from hairless rats, assembled in a custom-designed cells. Gene Pulser® II (Bio Rad, CA, USA) fitted with custom designed Ag/AgCI electrodes was used for generating exponentially decaying electroporation pulses. Tektronix®- 5111 storage oscilloscope (Oregon, USA) was used for measuring the voltage drop across the skin (Uskin) and the current flowing across the skin. TRZ was detected using HPLC with fluorescent detector.  Results:  Use of electroporation significantly increased the transdermal delivery of TRZ.  For example, electroporative delivery with 20 pulses of Uelectrode = 500 V, Շ = 20ms resulted in 15 times increased transdermal delivery of TRZ, as compared to passive diffusion.  A Uelectrode of 300 V (corresponding Uskin 66 V) seemed to be the minimum voltage required to make a significant enhancement compared to the control. The delivery of TRZ increased with an increase in Uelectrode, pulse length and number of pulses.  However, in order to maintain skin safety while achieving a reasonable increase in the permeability of skin the upper limit for Uelectrode and pulse length seem to be 500V (Uskin 88 V)and 20 ms, respectively.  At Uelectrode of 600 V and at pulse length 60 ms the damage to the skin seems to be very apparent.  The Uskin values were about 1/2 to 1/5 that of Uelectrode depending on the voltage used.  Electrode design and area also had profound effects on transdermal drug delivery.  The pH, macroscopic, and microscopic changes associated with the skin after pulsing indicate that the use of a large electrode would minimize the damage to the skin in comparison to a small electrode. -- Conclusions: Electroporative transdermal delivery of TRZ was markedly influenced by Uelectrode, pulse length, number of pulses and electrode design. These factors can be controlled to make this technique efficient and safe.


identifier: Oates, Lori Lee <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Oates=3ALori_Lee=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Elizabeth Symes v. Regina (1993) : a case study of feminist judicial action in Canada.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The question of how resources should be allocated between the sexes is an old one, and one that Canadians have often taken to the courts for resolution. The constitutional entrenchment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, in 1982, made it possible for the judiciary to take an even greater role in the debate over equality rights. In late 1993, Symes v. Regina came before the Canadian Supreme Court and brought gender equality rights to the forefront of public policy debate once again. -- Practising lawyer Elizabeth Symes argued that by not allowing the cost of her daycare as a tax deduction, the federal government was in violation of her equality rights. Day-care costs, she claimed, were a cost of doing business. The National Action Committee on the Status of Women publicly opposed her position, fearing that if she won, the only women to benefit would be those whose earnings required them to pay income tax. The Canadian Bar Association, however, defended Symes' position on the grounds that if day care were a cost of doing business, it would facilitate the entry of women into the legal profession. The Ministry of National Revenue argued that the issue at stake was one of tax law, not equality. The majority of the Canadian Supreme Court agreed with the government's position - that is the male majority of the Canadian Supreme Court agreed with the government. Given that the two female members of the Court had dissented from the opinion of their male counterparts, there was an accusation that if the judiciary was less male dominated, then women's rights cases would fare better in the courts. -- This case, which blatantly divided lawyers, feminists, and the Canadian Supreme Court, is perhaps the best example in Canadian history of the political questions which are often raised by feminist judicial action, the women's movement, and male domination of the legal profession. While the specific issues of the case have been dealt with by the courts, the more general questions which it raised will undoubtedly be with us, as a society, for a very long time. If there is a lesson to be learned from Symes v. Regina, it is that Canadian women cannot depend on the courts alone in order to improve their status in relation to men. Now that there is a constitutional guarantee of equality in place, it is more important than ever that women's rights advocates continue to push for more female representation in all branches and all levels of government. Even though a provision for equality rights has been put into writing, it remains the responsibility of every Canadian citizen to ensure that the courts properly enforce this principle.


identifier: Taylor-Hood, John C. R. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Taylor-Hood=3AJohn_C=2E_R=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) English historians' treatments of Sir Thomas More and Bishop John Fisher in the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The sixteenth-century personages of Sir Thomas More and Bishop John Fisher have repeatedly appeared as significant figures in historical works. Theirs was a didactic role, with sixteenth-century authors using them as examples of Christian conduct, either virtuous or immoral. Nineteenth-century historians preferred to address the wisdom of Mote's and Fisher's decisions to oppose the will of the state. In both cases, the religious affiliations of the authors influenced the way in which they perceived More's and Fisher's moral roles. -- This thesis provides an historiographical analysis of the ways in which the two groups of writers diverged and corresponded in their assessments of More's and Fisher's respective functions as historical figures. It also takes into account two major historical trends; the changes in the art of biography felt in the sixteenth century and the whig interpretation of history dominant in the nineteenth. The increased secularization of the biographical literary form led to the creation of Roman Catholic hagiographies of More and Fisher which were distinctive in their combination of mundane factual material with religiously-inspired interpretations. Protestant writers were also affected in that they were obliged to acknowledge More's and Fisher's learning and intellectual gifts, and were no longer able to dismiss them as superstitious papists. The images of More and Fisher, as created by these biographies, were used by nineteenth-century historians to persuasively convey moral lessons. Although the images remained constant, the functions were altered to include the teaching of honourable conduct as well as dramatic illustrations of the tyrannical power of the monarch. -- Although differing from one another in certain aspects, these writers all converged in their didactic treatment of More and Fisher. Regardless of political or religious persuasion, they all employed the two as examples in an attempt to provoke meritorious conduct in their readers. In their approaches to and uses of Thomas More and John Fisher, historians of the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, despite their disparate agenda, remained remarkably close in their basic attitudes towards the two men.


identifier: Murphy, Darryl Paul <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Murphy=3ADarryl_Paul=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Enhancement of adolescent well being through enhancement of self esteem, self efficacy, and positive attributional style.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This paper addresses the issue of enhancing three aspects of the adolescent self: self esteem, efficacy, and attributional style. The relationship between these three variables and their link to well being and some common adolescent problems are discussed. Self esteem, self efficacy, and attributional style are discussed in detail, including definitions of the concepts, theory development, and influences on each variable's development. Self esteem, self efficacy, and attributional style's effects on adolescents' cognitions, emotions, and behaviours are also discussed. Characteristic self esteem, self efficacy, and attributional style changes in adolescence, gender differences, and intervention strategies are also outlined. This paper is intended for people dealing with adolescents (e.g., parents, teachers, others) and highlights the importance of, and methods to enhance, self esteem, self efficacy, and attributional style in the adolescents' self. Enhancement of these aspects of the self will have a positive affect on adolescent well being.