title: The (Dis)comforts of Belonging: Feminist Negotiations of Gennan Identity

contributor:
Rethmann, Petra
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: In the aftermath of National Socialism and the Holocaust, positive recourse to the idea of the nation has been a contentious issue in Germany. Members of the German feminist movement as well as of other 'progressive' segments of German society have considered the concept of the nation as antithetical to progressive politics, and they have frequently denounced their national association altogether. This strategy has come under critique for evading issues of power and accountability, for distracting from the effects that constructions of the nation and associations with nation-states have on people's lives, and for avoiding a critical confrontation with how one's own perspectives and politics are shaped by one's specific national association. In recent years, questions of German national identity have become a concern within the context of the German feminist movement, and some feminists have begun to address the issue of what could be constructive ways of coming to terms with their national identity and its implications. This thesis explores this issue by drawing on in-depth interviews with feminists in Germany. It discusses how they understood and negotiated the meanings of 'being Gentian' with regard to a variety of dimensions of their national association, for instance, how they had been socialized as Germans, how they viewed. the unified nation-state, and how they conceived of Germans as an "imagined community" (Anderson 1991). Particular attention is given to the historical context and how the women I interviewed interpreted the legacy of the Nazi past. I consider their views and experiences in terms of how they are marked by women's various locations in social relations and in terms of the specific notions of Germanness they presumed or produced in talking about 'being German.' Further, I discuss how their understandings of Germanness are related to their political views and practices. This thesis I concludes with a review oftlle kinds of "politics oflocation" (Rich 1986) these women put forward and with reflections on how conducive various understandings of Germanness, and of social locations in general, are to dealing with the challenges of coalition work across differences.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Violence, Nonviolence and "Postwar" Fiction: A Peace-Studies Approach to time's Arrow, Not Wanted on the Voyage and Meridian

contributor:
Bishop, Alan
English

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: The use of imaginative literature as a source of philosophical inquiry into the nature of social order, oppression or conflict, as well as the role of violence and nonviolence in personal and political action, has been largely neglected by the field of peace studies. Similarly, literary criticism has failed to confront these issues. While war literature has been used, primarily, as a source of insight into the war experience, peace-studies literary critics, such as Michael True, Gregory Mason and John Getz have sought to identify a literary canon which embodies and inspires the values of peace or the principles of nonviolence. In an attempt to open new critical territory for both the field of peace studies and literary criticism, this thesis investigates the relationship between twentieth-century violence/nonviolence and fiction/literary theory. Based upon a historical and theoretical framework concerned with events such as the Holocaust and the American civil rights movement, as well as the philosophical and social issues which arose from these events, Martin Amis's Time's Arrow (1991), Timothy Findley's Not Wanted on the Voyage (1984) and Alice Walker's Meridian (1976) are analysed from a "postwar" perspective. The "postwar", as I conceive of it, refers not to a historical period but to the act, in practical and symbolic terms, of undermining oppressive and violent relations of power. It does not connote an ideal, just and violence-free society, but the process of moving away from warfare and violence to an undetermined end. In each novel, the authors draw upon established, culturally significant stories to "twist around" history to confront the reader, in the present, with the "meaning" of these (hi)stories. These three novels receive critical attention which confronts such issues as violence, nonviolence, resistance to oppression, and the relationship between means and ends.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Grypomachy in Fourth-Century Attic Vase Painting

contributor:
D., Katherine M.
Classical Studies

subject:
Classical Studies
Classics
Classics

abstract: In the fourth century B. C. the depiction of the grypomachy, a battle between griffins and a group of Eastern barbaroi identified as the Arimasps, became popular in Attic vase-painting. The presence of a non-Greek scene upon Greek ceramics at this time indicates a continued interest in the representation of Orientalia and implies a desire to design wares that would appeal to foreign markets. The Introduction considers Greek and Near Eastern representations of the griffin and its role in vase-painting prior to the fourth century. Chapter 1 examines the ancient sources that deal with the griffins and Arimasps singly or in relation to each other. In Chapter 2, the grypomachy scenes found on Attic pottery are discussed, with emphasis on the representation of the griffin and the Arimasp, in an effort to ascertain the degree to which the visual representation correspond to those found in the literature of Chapter 1. Catalogue A lists, with illustrations, the vases decorated with grypomachy scenes. Chapter 3 discusses a scene related to that of the grypomachy: Arimasps and griffins working in cooperation with each other. This type of scene parallels others found on fourth-century pottery, those of gods riding griffins, and suggests iconographic contamination. The scenes examined in Chapter 3 are described and illustrated in Catalogue B. Chapter 4 examines the art of ancient Iran and Scythia, the lands most closely associated with the Arimaps in ancient sources, in an attempt to discover the source of the grypomachy scene. In chapter 5, the possible sources of the fourth-century grypomachy are discussed, along with the influence which affected the representation of its participants and the marker for which the scene may have been developed.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Mary Lily Walker of Dundee: Social Worker and Reformer

contributor:
Rempel, R. A.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
Mary Lily Walker (1863-1913) was Dundee's leading activist in matters of social welfare and social reform during the late Victorian and Edwardian period. As the Honourary Superintendent of the Dundee Social Union (DSU), she initiated a number of social welfare services in Dundee for working class women and children. The Grey Lodge Settlement Association, a bustling community centre in present-day Dundee, owes its origins to Lily Walker. Walker was a remarkable Scottish woman, yet until now she has not been the subject of historical study.

This thesis progresses in a broad chronological fashion. Chapter one examines the failure of late nineteenth century philanthropy, and documents Walker's early years until 1889. Chapter two looks in detail at the London settlement house movement of the 1890s. Chapters three and four study Walker's role in the new philanthropy, 1900-1913, examining her contribution to the development of Dundee's social welfare provision. It concludes by critically assessing Walker's achievements.

In summary, the purpose of this thesis is threefold. First, it studies the career of Mary Lily Walker, an important woman in her own right. Second, it reveals the problems faced by women in Scotland when they entered the public sphere as social reform activists. Third, it documents her disillusionment with traditional practices of philanthropy and her recognition of the need for the resources and intervention of the state. Walker's experience was in line with many in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain, and serves as a microcosm of the shift from the philanthropic principles of the nineteenth century to the recognition of the state as an agency for the improvement of the collective good.

This thesis is largely based on archival sources in Dundee. Walker left no diaries or memoirs, and evidence on the DSU is fragmented, especially after 1902. Walker's role, contribution and social philosophy, therefore, has been derived largely from newspaper reports and the minute books of local government bodies. Fortunately, some of her personal letters are preserved in the D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson Papers in the University of St Andrews Library. These letters convey a sense of Walker as a person, and not just as a public figure.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Simulation of Tunnel Excavations in Squeezing Ground

contributor:
Emery, J.J.
Vaid, Y.P.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
Empirical, analytical, and semi-rational methods for the stability analysis and design of underground openings are generally not adequate to consider the major design parameters for tunnels in squeezing ground. Tunnel construction in squeezing ground and the increasing North American use of the precast concrete segmental liners were the prime motivation for developing an elastic-plastic-creep simulation of tunnel excavation and liner placement.

Based on the finite element method, the simulation method incoporates: the primary state of stress; excavation in stages; liner placement delay; and determination of the elastic-plastic-creep response for each stage of construction, including ground-interface-support system interaction for both plane strain (two-dimensional) and advancing face (three-dimensional) conditions. Construction sequences of excavation and support placement are simulated using 'deactivation' and 'reactivation' operations on the stiffness matrix terms corresponding to the selected rate of face advance. Incorporation of the inelastic behaviour of both ground yielding and time-dependent deformations is based on the initial stress and initial strain methods, respectively. The three-dimensional stress analysis near the advancing face is based on an axisymmetric approach and Fourier series approximation that allows the non-symmetric radial and axial loadings due to the primary state of stress to be considered. The axisymmetric approach is also extended to include inelastic ground behaviour.

A comprehensive design for a tunnel in a formation that may exhibit squeezing is given. Using this typical field problem, several parametric studies are presented. It is shown that the elastic deformations are only significant near the advancing face and their influence is very minor at a distance of about two times the tunnel diameter. The consideration of the actual advancing face condition, lining placement delay, and the use of a soft backing can significantly reduce the design stresses developed in the liner.

The simulation method presented can be used to develop improved ground characterization through the monitoring of tunnel convergence followed by back analysis.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Figuring the Universal: Building Politics in Globality

contributor:
Szeman, Imre
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
This thesis evaluates the inadequacy of a contemporary and dominant concept of politics in/for modernity as a means by which to characterize the transformations of power/sovereignty associated with globalization, and locates a potential to broaden the concept of the political in the form of Judith Butler, Ernesto Lac1au, and Slavoj Žižek's Contingency, Hegemony, Universality. While critics of this text have bemoaned its reiterative insistence on the irreducible differences separating the three theorists' projects, and have attempted to unify them, I suggest that the text's most significant contribution toward reformulating a useful and nuanced political concept stems from its insistently heterodox approach to the subject.

Carl Schmitt's Concept of the Political provides a paradigmatic articulation of modem politics. Schmitt's work, however, with its underlying assumption of a characterizable and stable friend/enemy delineation, proves inadequate as a tool by which to understand a contemporary/postmodern/globalizing proliferation of potential points of perpetually unstable identification. Drawing on implications of Foucault's notion ofbiopower and Giorgio Agamben's homo sacer, I suggest several ways in which Schmitt's concept was from its inception inadequate.

In Contingency, Hegemony, Universality Butler, Žižek and Laclau theorize an emancipatory political project, one which might address some of the all too visible shortcomings of Schmitt's concept. Focusing my analysis on each theorists' work as demonstrating an important and necessarily discrete singularity, I work to demonstrate that a productive rearticulation of the concept of the political, one adequate to the rapidly transforming conditions of globalization, may well lie in appreciating the inevitability of contingency and in learning to embrace difference.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "Back to Lange" - The Natural Law Basis for Eduard Bernsteinrs "Evolutionary Socialism"

contributor:
Novak, Derry
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
Bernstein scholarship has not clearly identified the philosophical intentions of the "arch-Revisionist", but has confined itself to noting general characteristics of his mode of thought and possible influences upon it, as well as situating it vaguely or negatively in terms of contemporary "schools." Justification for not proceeding further with analysis has been sought in the circumstances that Bernstein was self-taught, that he had an enormous range of intellectual contacts, that the Marxism of the Second International was incoherent, and that Marxism is, itself, a protean doctrine.

This thesis attempts to illuminate Bernstein's philosophical intentions by reviewing his development against a much broader intellectual background than has been customary. Following the methods of "comparative philosophy" of Henry Corbin, Hans Jonas, Eric Voegelin and Ernest Tuveson, it outlines several stages in the process of the gradual supplanting of Middle Platonism by the Hermetic gnosis in the modern period, and notes the distinctive attitudes to being characteristic of them. It examines the roots of the Hegelian dialectic, and those of its more philosophically conservative rival, German Romanticism, and points out the affinity of Bernstein's structure of consciousness with the latter movement.

The philosophical content of Bernsteinian Revisionism is presented as the result of the outworking of an essentially Romantic cast of mind, accelerated by Bernstein's period of "socialist scholarship" and close association with Christian Socialists and unorthodox philosophical Naturalists during his years of exile in London.

Bernstein1s "evolutionary socialism" is distinguished from the nationalist-socialism of the Blochian Revisionists, the panpsychic evolutionism popular with the German working-class, Anarchist thought, and monistic Naturalism generally. It is shown to be structurally analogous to the pluralistic notion of progress of the "common sense" component of German Romanticism (a residue of Middle Platonic noetic experience), derived from the Scottish Enlightenment.

The call to go "back to Lange" thus appears to have been little more than a groping attempt, on Bernstein's part, to focus his return to what was, in effect, a Pragmatic version of the Aristotelian "natural law" world-view.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sacred Boundaries: Local Option Laws in Ontario

contributor:
Lewis, T.J.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
The laws of Ontario operate on the principle that individuals should govern their own conduct unless it affects others adversely. The laws are created to protect individuals and their property and to ensure that citizens respect the rights of others. However, laws are protected and entrenched which defy this principle by permitting and fostering intolerance.

This thesis addresses the local option laws of Ontario's liquor legislation which protect and legitimize invasion of personal liberty. These laws permit municipalities to prohibit or restrict retail sale of liquor within their boundaries by vote or by council decision. Local option has persisted throughout Ontario's history and is unlikely to be abolished despite the growing acceptance of liquor in society.

To explain the longevity of these law, J.R. Gusfield's approach to understanding moral crusades is used. Local option laws have become symbols of the status and influence of the sober, industrious middleclass of the 1800's who founded Ontario. The right to control drinking reassures people who adhere to the traditional values that their views are respected in society.

John Stuart Mill's proposed guidelines for handling potentially harmful commodities, like liquor, are revealed as being consistent with the intention of Ontario's liquor laws but inadequate for symbolic issues. If tolerance of personal liberty is to be acheived, then the issues must be transformed from evocative ones into quiescent ones. The study of local option is used to assess how a symbolic issue can be recast to induce people to tolerate the self-regarding pursuits of others.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Early Writings of Karl Marx on the Position of Women and the Family in Bourgeois Society

contributor:
Goldstein, Marshall
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: Karl Marx's political and social theory has its awn distinct and special account of the position of women and the family in pre-bourgeois and bourgeois society. It also has a special conception of human nature in terms of the nature of men and women in bourgeois society. There are partial statements on women and the family in many of the early writings of Marx. These statements, although they do not provide a full analysis, provide a framework for an early Marxist theory of the position of women and the family in bourgeois society. There presently exists no one source that has attempted to bring together for analysis and discussion all the collected statements on women and the family that were presented in Marx's early writings. This thesis is the first scholarly work to do so. There are twenty-seven distinct references to women and the family that appear in eight of Marx's works written between 1840 and 1850. For Marx, the position of women in society was at least partially determined by their place in the family unit which usually consisted of the husband, the wife, and the children and which was based upon relationships of private property. When Marx's early writings on women and the family are viewed together, they provide an historical and theoretical account of the position of women in pre-bourgeois and bourgeois society in terms of what constitutes such a position, what causes such a position, and how such a position can be improved.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Keats and the Dream Tradition

contributor:
Goellnicht, Donald
English

abstract:
This thesis is designed to increase our understanding of Keats's use of dreams, first by placing him in the context of the dream tradition, and then by illustrating his own contribution to dream literature.

Chapter One is devoted to a survey of the literary treatment of dreams in the writings prior to the Romantic period, in particular those works which Keats mentions specifically in his letters.

Chapter Two consists of two sections. The first section outlines the theories of Empiricism and German Idealism and applies these theories to dreams. The second section examines the literary treatment of dreams in the works of Keats's contemporaries.

Chapter Three examines Keats's use of dreams and the parallels between his treatment of dreams and that of other dream writers. Although in his early verse Keats treats dreams conventionally, he gradually departs from tradition, developing his own use of the dream by presenting it as a metaphor of a specific approach to life. Tracing this aspect of dreams in Endymion and the poems which follow, we discover a growing mistrust of dreams which culminates in the condemnation of the escapist dreamer.

Chapter Four focuses entirely on The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream and illustrates a new type of dream in Keats's canon. This chapter also functions as a conclusion to the study of dreams as in The Fall of Hyperion Keats defines various types of dreams and thus provides his readers with the necessary criteria for assessing both this dream and those in his previous works.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Hidden Voices: The Language and Losses of Birthmothers

contributor:
Lee, B.
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: This study sought to listen to the grief experience of birthmothers and the role language plays in the grieving process. First, research and analysis of the distinctive features of birthmothers' grief were briefly summarized. The research suggested that birthmothers experiences of grief are marginalized and disenfranchised. Further, birthmothers experience multiple and ongoing losses because of their relinquishment. To examine how birthmothers' understand and describe their experiences of losing a child through adoption this study conducted a content analysis of four internet sites that facilitate birthmothers' voices. The voices collected suggest that the language used by adoption professionals and mainstream society contribute to a birthmothers' experience of disenfranchised grief. Finally, this paper concluded with future recommendations made by birthmothers. The recommendations included, "respectful adoption language" that included the voices of birthmothers, educations to prevent regret, providing birthmothers with an original registration of live birth, prevention of exploitation and the New South Wales Model.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: On the Mourning of 9/11: The Politics of Memorialization

contributor:
Clark, David L.
English

abstract: This study considers the political significance of the cultural work of public mourning. While "mourning work" has been largely dismissed or distanced from political discourse and overlooked as an object of sustained reflection and query, the sanctioned modes of remembering and honouring the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States have greatly stimulated a philosophical rethinking of this dismissal. Addressing in particular the ways in which the public memorial establishes and sustains a spectatorship of individuals who feel themselves part of or belonging to a community of fellow mourners grieving a common anguished past, this study explores how mourning work is, in fact, intricately and significantly bound up with what is considered the "political," in that mourning work provides the very conditions that are necessary for social relationships-and thus, such notions as "community," "nationhood," and the "public" sphere-to emerge. Chapter 1 ("Beyond Remembrance: (Re)Animating the Living Dead and the Dead Living") explores the ways in which various media that have "9/11" as their focus simultaneously produce and police a "public" sphere made to mourn the deaths that have been rendered "grievable" and worthy of remembrance. Chapter 2 ("Ground Zero's (Im)Possible Voids") considers how the preservation of the bases or "footprints" of the Twin Towers for New York City's "officially sanctioned" public memorial to "9/11" proves instrumental in maintaining the cohesion of the "public" sphere, and also enables us to unpack the torsions at work in the practice of collective remembrance.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Naughty Pines: Henry Neville's The Isle of Pines As Literary Hoax

contributor:
Morton, Richard
English

abstract:
For a story which has been described as "one of the most successful literary hoaxes in the English language," Henry Neville's The Isle of Pines has received little critical attention. This thesis will exhume this long-forgotten story by acknowledging the radical fecundity and complexity of a groundbreaking novella in English literary history. Similar to the settlers of the Imperial British Empire, who began to record their own histories, the fictional history of George Pines is also transmitted to England following one-hundred years of isolated, albeit accidental occupation, making it one of the first post-colonial texts. For my critical analysis of the text, my theoretical method employs the post-colonial theories of Bill Ashcroft and Frederic Jameson, and for the sexual themes in the text I use theory of Michel Foucault and Jonathan Dollimore.

For purposes of analysis, I consider the story an androcentric utopia and I examine the text from this assumption. Chapter one examines the rhetorical mode of the pamphleteer. Neville, like his contemporaries uses rhetorical tricks such as exotic locations with exotic descriptions, epistolary testimonials, explicit geographical details and illustrations to persuade the reader that the narrative is factual and not fictional. In chapter two, I discuss the politics of colonization where English absolutist and patriarchal social structures are draconically maintained on the exotic locale of the island. When the utopia is threatened order is quickly restored - "restoration" of order is the key metaphor in this chapter. Chapter three deals with Neville's political and pornographic agenda. The exoticness of the story introduces both polygyny and interracial sexual relations as well as sexually charged diction to convey meaning. Although Neville's text can be interpreted in a number of different ways, the intention of the final chapter and this thesis is to focus on the erotic level to which the text engages the reader.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Independent Torture or Ordinary Crime? A rethinking of Torture Scholarship in Light of Somalia, 1993.

contributor:
McLaughlin, N.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
Torture, no matter how it is conceived is not an uncommon phenomenon (see, for example, Amnesty International, 1998, 1999). Extant conceptions of perpetrators of torture are rooted in a bipolar framework that can trace its origins to attempts to understand the Nazi Holocaust of World War II. This literature has serious limitations in cases where individuals torture in the absence of a bureaucratic machine that orchestrates large-scale, sustained attacks against an 'enemy' group.

There is a segment of the perpetrator population absent from the literature. The theoretical constructs to deal with their actions do not exist. The concept of Independent torturers is developed in this thesis, in order to assist in this goal.

Independent Torturers (ITs) represent a partial hybridisation of the characteristics commonly attributed to the polar categories of leaders and followers, the constituent elements of the bureaucratic torture engine. In addition, a process of internalisation and localisation of positional authority, and the development of impunity beliefs are presented as theorised precursors to IT emergence. Using legal definitions of torture, the idea that many of the episodes of criminal assault we witness in our everyday surroundings actually constitute episodes of independent torture is presented. The specific case of the torture-murder of Shidane Arone by soldiers of the 2 Commando of the Canadian Airborne Regiment (CAR) is explored as an example of the uses to which these novel theoretical concepts can be put.

A combination of social-psychological and organisational factors are necessary to theorise independent torture. This thesis marks the preliminary phase of a multidimensional theoretical and empirical approach to the study of independent torture.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Impact of Child Welfare Reform on Intake Practice: Social Work by Numbers?

contributor:
Dumbrill, Gary
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: This qualitative study explores the impact of recent changes to child protection in Ontario. The impact of Child Welfare Reform on intake practice was studied via all approach influenced by Grounded Theory. Utilizing interviews of six key informants, this study revealed concern for the implications of the narrow focus on child protection. There seems little faith that these drastic measures that came with Child Welfare Reform will prevent future deaths of children having involvement with a Children's Aid Society. The findings of this study encompass six themes that emerged which support this concern. First, they include the altered context of practice where four supporting components emerged; a political presence, Child Welfare Reform as an unfinished process, a tattered welfare state and a changed institutional psyche. Secondly, the shift in practice theme included components of loss of relationships and the volume of work. Thirdly, a theme regarding social work values included components of the importance of these values and concern for turnover. Fourthly, a theme of strategic organizational playing emerged where a pushing back against bureaucratic expectations was noted. Fifthly, children in care emerged as a theme with components of concern regarding the increase of children in foster care; foster home placement and focus on adoptions. Lastly, a theme regarding service effectiveness emerged where informants could not say with certainty that the changes have resulted in children being better protected. Given that the Child Welfare Reform is built on formulae and benchmarks, this exploratory study concludes that intake practice has changed and that it is largely child protection by numbers with social work happening despite the numbers -- just not to the satisfaction of anyone involved.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Development of an Al(OH)₃ Crystallization Model Based on Population Balance

contributor:
Hoffman, T.W.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
The overall objective of this program was to develop mathematical and experimental techniques, and thus obtain a mathematical model, capable of predicting the crystal size distribution as a function of batch time, for a seeded batch crystallizer in which alumina trihydrate was crystallizing in a supersaturated-aqueous solution of sodium aluminate.

In this regard, a 2 bench-scale crystallizer was designed so as to operate in a similar way (with respect to mechanisms and rates) as industrial crystallizers in that gentle mixing allowed significant agglomeration to occur during the crystallization. Thus, nucleation, growth and agglomeration rates had to be predicted in the crystallizer model as a function of the crystallizer operation conditions.

Reproduceable and representative samples were extracted from this crystalliser by a developed sampling system which did not contaminate or affect the sample nor the crystallizer contents. Analytical techniques were developed to obtain sodium aluminate and solids concentration. Crystal size distribution was measured for each sample by a special Coulter counter equipped with a Channelizer and a Log-Transformer apparatus. This equipment measured crystal volume with a resolution of 100 size intervals over a spherical equivalent diameter range of 4 to 80 μm. The lack of measurements below 4 μm was a source of trouble in the modeling program, and was the main source of error in the mathematical analyses using the particle size distribution data.

A special mathematical method based on the population balance was developed to investigate and determine each of the rate equations for the processes growth, agglomeration, and nucleation individually from the obtained batch data. The method is termed here the method of pseudo moments'. It allows for investigation within feasible computer resources and circumvents the confounding of each of these processes with each other.

The growth rate was modeled by a two-dimensional birth and spread mechanism, while the model for the agglomeration rate was based on a mechanism of free-in-space binary collisions with an agglomeration effectiveness kernel. This kernel was modeled by the product of a crystal environment term and a crystal size effect term. The form of the environment term suggests that the agglomeration rate is related to the growth rate lending support to the concept that alumina trihydrate crystals after collision are grown together to form true polycrystalline crystals and are not a 'flock' of crystals held together by physical attractive forces. The size-dependent term is made up of an inertial impaction mechanism term which accounts for the collision frequency, and a term which accounts for the efficiency of the collision. It was shown that crystals in the intermediate size range (ca. 10 to 30 μm) agglomerate most effectively. The expression for the nucleation rate, which was also developed using the pseudo-moment method suggests that the formation of nuclei in this experimental crystallizer at 85°C was not via normal homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation mechanisms but rather occurred through attrition of very small particles from the seed particles (a sort of 'dusting-off' of nuclei-sized particles). These rate expressions still need to expanded for the effect of temperature, of intensity of agitation, and of impurities.

Although the method of pseudo moments allows for the determination of rate expressions from size distribution data, it does not provide a means of predicting the evolution of size distributions. To this end a model based on the population balance, mass balances, and rate equations was formulated. However, such a model, if it includes agglomeration, is impractical for investigation of rate equations due to long numerical solution times.

Because of the significance of the three rate processes the resulting model was made up of a set of algebraic equations and an integro-first order non-linear hyperbolic partial differential equation, with one of the integrals being a convolution integral. Numerical solution schemes of such an equation are prone to exhibit stability, accuracy, and long solution time problems. The stability and accuracy problems were solved and the long solution time problem minimized by the development of two numerical solution schemes. One was based on a developed weighted central difference approximation for the partial derivate with respect to crystal size and integrating by the Runge-Kutta Merson technique along a rectangular grid with respect to batch time. The other was based on solution along the characteristics of the equation and interpolating between the 'characteristic grid' and a specially developed rectangular grid for the integral terms. This grid allows for the convolution nature of one of the integrals. The resultant quadrature was fast and accurate. Depending on the type of crystallization process and the shape of the evolving size distribution either one or the other is best suited with regard to speed of solution and accuracy.

The method of pseudo moments and numerical solution schemes allow for any growth, agglomeration, and nucleation expressions and any form of size distributions. Thus the numerical methods developed here for the determination of rate equations and prediction of size distributions are applicable to any particulate process, such as polymerization, microbial reactions, etc.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Which One's Pink? - Towards an Analysis of the Concept Albums of Roger Waters and Pink Floyd

contributor:
Fast, S.
Ferns, H.J.
Music Criticism

subject: Music Music

abstract:
The introduction to this project surveys a number of recent approaches to the study of music, which are utilized in the subsequent analysis of the concept albums of Roger Waters and Pink Floyd. The concept album is a genre in which the texts and music of an entire record album are thematically and conceptually linked. The thesis employs techniques of literary criticism in its analysis of song lyrics, and provides an hermeneutic analysis of the music in order to investigate how the sounds influence, and contribute to, the overall meanings of the works.

Chapter 1 focuses on The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), while Chapters 2 and 3 focus respectively on Wish You Were Here (1975) and Animals (1977). The project illustrates how Roger Waters combines all of the pieces appearing on an individual album in order to communicate the recording's overriding concerns. The project also displays how all three of the works studied are intimately related in their meanings, emphasizing the complexity of the ideas which they present.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Reconstructing Feminist Theoretical Practices

contributor:
Allen, Barry
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
Struggles to carve out places in the academy for feminist studies have been long and hard-fought. Now, it seems, those places have been secured. However, just when academic feminist studies seem to be coming into their own, some feminists perceive a widening schism between feminist theories and feminist practices. These feminists maintain that much of what preoccupies academic feminists is remote from any feminist political practices beyond that sphere.

Academic feminists, I believe, must take these criticisms seriously. Therefore, in this thesis, I suggest a way of bridging that divergence. Measuring the merit of theories on the basis of their usefulness to feminist practices, I assert, would repair the disconnection between feminist theories and practices. Reconstructing feminist theoretical practices in that way assumes a pragmatic view of truth. Appropriating pragmatism, I argue, would allow feminists to acknowledge valuable lessons realized in feminist political practices while remaining on the cutting edge in the academy.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Economic Well-Being of Women Who Become Divorced or Separated in Mid and Later Life

contributor:
Denton, Margaret A.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The aging of the baby boom and rising divorce rates mean that many women will spend their later life without income from a husband. Using 1994 data from the Statistics Canada Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this thesis examines the economic well-being of women who become divorced or separated in mid and later life. Means and chi-square tests are used to compare the various demographic income and employment characteristics of women and men aged 45 and older in their first marriages to women and men who become divorced or separated at age 45 and older. Linear and logistic multiple regression analyses are performed to examine factors associated with the economic well-being of older women. Economic well-being is measured by three variables: adjusted economic family total money income; before-tax low income cutoff; and ownership of dwelling. Results of this study show that women who become divorced or separated in mid and later life are much more likely to be in poverty than married men, married women and men who divorce or separate in mid and later life. This is particularly pronounced for women aged 65 and older who become divorced or separated at age 45 and older. Results also show that persons who divorce or separate in mid and later life are less likely than married persons to live in a dwelling which is owned by a member of the household. Factors which are positively associated with income for women who become divorced or separated in mid and later life include: receiving investment income; receiving earnings; receiving pension income; and years of schooling. For female paid workers who become divorced or separated in mid and later life, the total number of hours paid and being a professional are associated with higher income. Very few women in this study received alimony and it was not found to be associated with income for women who become divorced or separated in mid and later life. Results of this study are consistent with previous research which shows extremely high rates of poverty among unmarried older women. These findings indicate that significant reforms are needed for the Canadian legal and retirement income systems in order to improve the economic well-being of women who divorce or separate in mid and later life. Policy implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Medieval Prostitution in Secular Law: The Sex Trade in Late Medieval London, Paris, and Toulouse

contributor:
Kaczynski, B.
History

subject: History History

abstract: This thesis focuses on the sex trade in three late medieval cities, London, Paris and Toulouse, in an attempt to determine why prostitution became a municipal institution in Toulouse but not in either of the other cities. The examination and comparison of medieval law codes and traditions in the various regions involved in the study appear to be a new angle for research on the topic of medieval prostitution. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that the legal traditions of the regions in question affected how the governments dealt with prostitution, and that the main difference lay in whether the main legal tradition was Roman or Germanic in nature.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Expectant Father: Men's Status Passage and Experience of Pregnancy

contributor:
Pawluch, D.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This research project examines how men experience their partners' pregnancy. While the literature on fatherhood is large and varied, there is very little material on pregnancy and how it is experienced from the point of view of the prospective father. What literature does exist focuses on negative aspects of the experience and themes such as pathology, pregnancy envy, and the crises associated with becoming a father. Other literature is prescriptive, telling expectant fathers what women are going through during pregnancy and how they can be supportive. The literature is important and provides some insight into men's view of pregnancy and pending fatherhood. However, it provides a limited perspective on men's daily experiences and adjustments through the expectant fatherhood and pregnancy.

The study is framed within a symbolic interactionist perspective. Symbolic interactionism assumes that people individually and collectively develop meanings for objects, activities and events within their world (Blumer, 1969). People act on the basis of meanings that objects or events hold for them (Blumer, 1969). Through interaction and association with others, people note, interpret, and assess their life situations and then act accordingly (Blumer, 1969). Thus, symbolic interactionism as a theoretical and methodological approach places importance on the meanings that social actors construct and on the ongoing interactions and interpretive processes unfolding between individuals. The data for this research project came primarily from in-depth and unstructured interviews. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling.

The main story line of the thesis its about how men enter into a new status and the pregnancy event. In this regard, the anti1cipatory stage of men's involvement in the decision to start a pregnancy occurs through the desire to have a child and family. As the men become further involved they are mindful of their partners, family, and friends. Partners play a greater role as the men consider others, assess readiness, manage reservations, and make plans to conceive. The initial developments in men's lives demonstrate the active involvement of the men in the decision to have children and a family. The men are not passive recipients of a new status but begin the entrance by considering a number of aspects of their lives.

The second stage in men's status passage, becoming pregnant, deals with matters of confirmation, a key turning point in the status passage and entrance into pregnancy. As the men receive confirmation they experience a variety of emotional responses. The men begin to reorient their lives. They start to consider how to deal with the pregnancy. Further, the men become concerned with who they are and what it means to be a father. Informing family, friends, and others completes the turning point.

The third stage in the men's status passage is about coming to terms with the changes in their lives. Men manage the change by learning about the unknown aspects of their partners' pregnancy and expectant fatherhood. Engaging in learning activities, the men's conception of pregnancy and expectant fatherhood becomes more detailed and complex. Men accommodate the changes of pregnancy by providing support to their partners, curtailing activities, and participating in new activities such as prenatal appointments. In completing the passage, the men start to relate to the developing child through ongoing confirmations, by talking to the developing child, making preparations for the arrival of the infant, and experiencing birth. At birth the passage is complete and the men adjust their lives accordingly. The study addresses the gap in the literature and contributes to the limited understanding of men's lives throughout their partners' pregnancy and their own expectant fatherhood.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: ANALYSIS OF BEDROCK EROSIONAL FEATURES IN ONTARIO AND OHIO: IMPROVING UNDERSTANDING OF SUBGLACIAL EROSIONAL PROCESSES

contributor:
Eyles, Carolyn H.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
bedrock erosional features
Quaternary geology
geomorphology
subsurface modeling
data quality
Geology
Geomorphology
Glaciology
Geology

abstract: Extensive assemblages of glacial erosional features are commonly observed on bedrock outcrops in deglaciated landscapes. There is considerable debate regarding the origins of many subglacial erosional landforms, due to a relative paucity of detailed data concerning these features and a need for improved understanding of the subglacial processes that may form them. This study presents detailed documentation and maps of assemblages of glacial erosional features from select field sites throughout the Great Lakes basins. The characteristics and spatial distribution of p-forms exposed on variable substrates at the Whitefish Falls, Vineland, Pelee Island and Kelleys Island field sites were investigated in order to determine the mode of p-form origin to identify significant spatial and temporal variability in subglacial processes operating at these locations. Observations from this work suggest that p-forms evolve through multiple phases of erosion, whereby glacial ice initially abrades the bedrock surface, leaving behind streamlined bedrock highs, striations and glacial grooves. Subsequent erosion by vortices in turbulent subglacial meltwater sculpts the flanks of bedrock highs and grooves into p-forms. These forms are subjected to a second phase of subglacial abrasion that ornaments the sinuous, sharp rimmed features with linear striae. The presence of multi-directional (‘chaotic’) striae at some sites suggests erosion by saturated till may contribute to, but is not essential for p-form development. Investigation in the Halton Hills region of Ontario focused on modeling bedrock topography in order to delineate the extent and geometry of buried bedrock valleys thought to host potential municipal significant aquifer units. Various approaches to subsurface modeling were investigated in the Halton Hills region using a combination of primary data (collected from boreholes and outcrop), intermediate data collected through aerial photography and consultant reports, and extensively screened low quality data from the Ontario Waterwell Database. A new, ‘quality weighted’ approach to modeling variable quality data was explored but proved ineffective for the purposes of this study, as differential weighting of high and low quality data either over-smoothed the model or significantly altered data values. A series of models were interpolated and compared using calculated RMSE values derived from model cross-validation. The preferred bedrock topography model of the Halton Hills region had the lowest RMSE score, and allowed identification of three major buried bedrock valleys systems (the Georgetown, Acton and 16 Mile Creek buried valleys) which contain up to 40 – 50 m of Quaternary infill. These valleys were likely carved through a combination of fluvial and glacial erosion during the late Quaternary period, and their orientation may be influenced by pre-existing structural weaknesses in the bedrock. Future work on subglacial erosional landforms should focus on the temporal scale in which subglacial processes, through association with other subglacial landforms and dating methods.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Baseline assessment of arterial structure and function in adolescents with cerebral palsy

contributor:
MacDonald, Maureen
Timmons, Brian
Gorter, Jan Willem
Kinesiology

subject:
endothelial function
cerebral palsy
adolescents
flow-mediated dilation
arterial stiffness
vascular function
Exercise Physiology
Exercise Science
Exercise Physiology

abstract: Functional limitations place youth with cerebral palsy (CP) at an increased risk of physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease. The structure and function of the cardiovascular system of these adolescents has not been previously investigated. In the current cross-sectional study, endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in eleven adolescents with CP (age 13.2 ± 2.1 y) and compared to eleven healthy, age-and gender-matched control participants (12.4 ± 2.3 y). All participants with CP were ambulatory or ambulatory with assistive devices (lower leg brace) and classified as levels I-II according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Baseline arterial stiffness was examined through assessment of central and peripheral pulse wave velocity (cPWV, pPWV,) as well as carotid distensibility, a direct measure of central artery stiffness. A combination of B-mode ultrasound imaging and applanation tonometry was used to calculate carotid distensibility. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a measure of vascular structure, was also quantified using B-mode ultrasound images and a semi-automated edge detection software program. cPWV was calculated using the distance (carotid to femoral via the subtraction method) and time delay between ventricular depolarization and the foot of the femoral waveform. pPWV was calculated from the femoral to dorsalis pedis artery using the distance between each site and time delay between the arrival of the foot of each corresponding waveform. Physical activity (PA) levels were assessed using a 7-day recall questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements as well as measures of resting systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures were similar in both groups. There were no group differences (p>0.05) in ivabsolute, relative or normalized FMD responses. Both groups also had similar values of carotid IMT as well as all measures of arterial stiffness including carotid distensibility, cPWV and pPWV (p>0.05). No group differences were found in the amount of time spent in light and moderate intensity PA; however, the control group participated in a significantly greater amount of vigorous intensity PA (CON: 196 ± 174 min. vs. CP: 38 ± 80 min). Pearson correlation coefficients with all participants revealed a significant positive relationship between age and cPWV (r=0.485 p=0.026) and negative relationship with carotid compliance (r=-0.436, p=0.048). These findings indicate that the arterial structure and function of youth with CP (GMFCS level I-II), examined in this study are not different from a healthy control group. Future research should include youth with CP of GMFCS levels III-V to gain further insight into the potential consequences of severe mobility impairments and functional limitations on levels of habitual PA and arterial health in this young, clinical population.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR EFFECTS AND THEIR MITIGATION IN FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

contributor:
Kumar, Shiva
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Fiber-Optic
Communication Systems
Electromagnetics and photonics
Electromagnetics and photonics

abstract:
The rapid development of fiber optic communication systems requires higher transmission data rate and longer reach. This thesis deals with the limiting factors in design of long-haul fiber optic communication systems and the techniques used to suppress their resulting impairments. These impairments include fiber chromatic dispersion, the Ker nonlinearity and nonlinear phase noise due to amplified spontaneous emission.

In the first part of this thesis, we investigate the effect of amplified spontaneous noise in quasi-linear systems. In quasi-linear systems, inline optical amplifiers change the amplitude of the optical field envelope randomly and fiber nonlinear effects such as self phase modulation (SPM) convert the amplitude fluctuations to phase fluctuations which is known as nonlinear phase noise. For M-ary phase shift keying (PSK) signals, symbol error probability is determined solely by the probability density function (PDF) of the phase. Under the Gaussian PDF assumption, the phase variance can be related to the symbol error probability for PSK signals. We implemented the simulation based on analytical phase noise variance and Monte-Carlo simulation, and it is found that the analytical approximation is in good agreement with numerical simulations. We have developed analytical expressions for the linear and nonlinear phase noise variance due to SPM using second-order perturbation theory. It is found that as the transmission reach and/or lunch power increase, the variance of the phase noise calculated using first order perturbation theory becomes inaccurate. However, the variance calculated using second order perturbation theory is in good agreement with numerical simulations. We have also showed that the analytical formula given in this chapter for the variance of nonlinear phase noise can be used as a design tool to investigate the optimum system design parameters such as average power and dispersion maps for coherent fiber optic systems based on phase shift keying due to the fact that the numerical simulation of nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation is time consuming, however, the analytical method based on solving NLS equation using perturbation approximation is quite efficient and therefore the analytical variance can be obtained more easily without requiring extensive computational efforts, and also with fairly good accuracy.

In the second part of this thesis, an improved optical signal processing using highly nonlinear fibers is studied. This technique, optical backward propagation (OBP), can compensate for the fiber dispersion and nonlinearity using optical nonlinearity compensators (NLC) and dispersion compensating fibers (DCF), respectively. In contrast, digital backward propagation (DBP) uses the high-speed digital signal processing (DSP) unit to compensate for the fiber nonlinearity and dispersion digital domain. NLC imparts a phase shift that is equal in magnitude to the nonlinear phase shift due to Fiber propagation, but opposite in sign. In principle, BP schemes could undo the deterministic (bit-pattern dependent) nonlinear impairments, but it can not compensate for the stochastic nonlinear impairments such as nonlinear phase noise. We also introduced a novel inline optical nonlinearity compensation (IONC) technique. Our Numerical simulations show that the transmission performance can be greatly improved using OBP and IONC. Using IONC, the transmission reach becomes almost twice of DBP. The advantage of OBP and IONC over DBP are as follows: OBP/IONC can compensate the nonlinear impairments for all the channels of a wavelength division multiplexed system (WDM) in real time while it would be very challenging to implement DBP for such systems due to its computational cost and bandwidth requirement. OBP and IONC can be used for direct detection systems as well as for coherent detection while they provide the compensation of dispersion and nonlinearity in real time, but DBP works only for coherent detection and currently limited to off-line signal processing.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: LEAST SQUARE ERROR DETECTION FOR NONCOHERENT COOPERATIVE RELAY SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL DESIGNS USING UNIQUELY-FACTORABLE CONSTELLATIONS

contributor:
Zhang, Jian-Kang
Dongmei Zhao, Kon Max Wong
Dongmei Zhao, Kon Max Wong
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
SIMO
Noncoherent Relay Systems
Sigal Designs
UFC
Signal Processing
Systems and Communications
Signal Processing

abstract:
In this thesis, noncoherent cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) half-duplex relay systems and wireless communication systems equipped with a single transmitter antenna and multiple receiver antennas (SIMO) are considered, in which perfect channel information is unavailable at the destination end. For the AF half-duplex relay systems, the use of the least square error (LSE) receiver is proposed for detection. By using perturbation theory on the eigenvalues, an asymptotic formula of pairwise error probability for the LSE detector is derived. The result shows that the full diversity gain function mimics coherent cooperative AF half-duplex relay systems, whereas the coding gain function mimics noncoherent multi-inputs multi-outputs (MIMO) systems.

In order to design full diversity noncoherent signals for both systems, a novel concept called a uniquely factorable constellation (UFC) is proposed in this thesis. It is proved that such a UFC design guarantees the unique blind identification of channel coefficients and transmitted signals in a noise-free case for the SIMO channel by only processing two received signals, as well as full diversity with the noncoherent maximum likelihood (ML) receiver in a noisy case. By using the Lagrange's four-square theorem, an algorithm is developed to efficiently and effectively design various sizes of energy-efficient unitary UFCs to optimize the coding gain. In addition, a closed-form optimal energy scale is found to maximize the coding gain for the unitary training scheme based on the commonly-used quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Joint Handoff and Resource Management in Wireless Mesh Networks

contributor:
Zhao, Dongmei
T. Todd, J.K. Zhang
T. Todd, J.K. Zhang
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Handoff
Resource Allocation
WMN
Systems and Communications
Systems and Communications

abstract: In this thesis we study the handoff problem of mobile stations (MSs) jointly with the resource management at the access points (APs) for wireless mesh networks (WMNs), where the APs can dynamically adjust the transmission power and time to each of the associated MSs. Two objectives are considered, one is to balance the energy consumption of the APs, and the other is to achieve fair throughput among the MSs. Since the global optimum solutions are difficult to obtain, we propose heuristic schemes for achieving each of the objectives. The objective of balancing AP energy consumption is achieved in two steps. The optimum transmission power and rate is solved at each AP so that to minimize the energy consumption of the AP, assuming the MS-AP association is given. Two handoff schemes are then designed to find which MSs should be associated to which APs during each scheduling interval (SI). The schemes are based on energy consumption information exchanged among neighboring APs. The real-time energy balancing (REB) scheme tries to balance the energy consumption of the APs in each SI, while the long term energy balancing (LEB) scheme balances the AP energy consumption over a longer term. Our results indicate that the network lifetime can be significantly extended using the proposed handoff schemes, compared to the simple distance-based handoff scheme, and using LEB can achieve balanced AP energy consumption with a small number of handoffs. The second part of the thesis is to consider the MS handoff and AP resource allocations in order to achieve fair throughput among the MSs. An optimization problem is formulated and solved at each AP to achieve long term proportional fairness of the throughput among the MSs, assuming the MS-AP association is known. Two handoff schemes are proposed, one is utility-based, and the other is number-based, in order to determine which MSs should be associated to which APs. Our results show that both the schemes are good at achieving fair throughput among the MSs, and the schemes are not sensitive to MS moving speed or group mobility patterns. The number-based scheme is simpler than the utility-based one in terms of implementation.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Cohen and the Canadian Cultural Field

contributor:
York, Loraine
English

abstract: Drawing upon Bourdieu's notion of the field of cultural production, this thesis charts the evolution of critical reception of Leonard Cohen's works over the previous forty years, with a particular emphasis upon the question of the literary canon. Early critical examinations of Cohen's works, heavily influenced by New Criticism, reveal a mixed evaluation of Cohen's works; although his two novels are included in McClelland & Stewart's New Canadian Library (a series whose advent Robert Lecker paints as instrumental to the constitution of a Canadian literary canon), and are thus arguably "canonical," Cohen has remained "peripheral" in academic discussions. Among the reasons posited by some scholars for this exclusion from academic discussion is Cohen's transition from "literary" to "popular" production. Recent shifts within the Canadian field to poststructural examinations of literature in general, and Cohen in particular, have led to many re-considerations of his contributions to Canadian postmodern culture, and a concomitant increase in scholarly writing about Cohen. Although the evaluative imperative is tacit, if not completely absent, from most poststructural examinations of Cohen's works, this quantitative -- and at times qualitative -- increase in academic research on Cohen can be read as a favorable assessment of Cohen's works. This thesis concludes not by arguing for or against a canonical status for Cohen's works in the Canadian canon; rather, the object is the shift in critical aparatuses within the Canadian field, and the ways in which shifts within the field of cultural production, at the critical and theoretical level, are instrumental to the contingent consecration of a work within the field itself.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Handmaid's Tale: Margaret Atwood's Use of Carnival and the Postmodern

contributor:
Granofsky, Ronald
English

abstract:
This thesis examines Margaret Atwood's novel The Handmaid's Tale with the purpose of showing that her combination of carnivalesque and postmodern writing enhances the reader's understanding of the social bonds between people of unequal power (authority). The use of the narrator/icon that relates to an oral culture and the juxtaposition of various scenarios in which women participate highlight the sources of power that particularly affect women.

The introduction establishes the tale as a fantasy whose grotesque realism is rooted in medieval carnival. Chapter I describes the literary devices of carnival as they apply to The Handmaid's Tale. Chapter II focuses on the polyphonic narrator/icon and the chanson de geste form of the tale. Chapter II part (b) discusses the postmodern technique which allows inclusion of the historical material that relates past and present.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Demon and the Goddess: Entropy and the Family in the Works of Thomas pynchon

contributor:
Sigman, J.
English

abstract: This thesis examines the entropy paradigm in the works of Thomas pynchon and explores the manner in which Pynchon's protagonists attempt to reverse or delete entropy from their exhausted and deteriorating worlds. It will be suggested that there are two separate ways to accomplish this task. The first method is the use of human intellect and energy to restore order to the universe. In Pynchon's fiction this method is symbolized by James Clerk Maxwell's Demon, a hypothetical intelligence who counters entropy in closed systems. The second way is the presence of human creativity and inspiration that resists the natural tendency of social systems to verge towards the mean and the resultant mediocrity and homogeneity. This method is represented in Pynchon' s texts by Robert Graves' White Goddess, a conjectural figure in European prehistory who inspires poetry. Moreover, the first method will be shown to be a primarily patriarchal phenomenon, while the second method is inherently matriarchal in nature. pynchon unites both patriarchal and matriarchal manners in his overarching metaphor of the family.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: METANARRATIVE AND MEDIA: RETROSPECTIVE ON THE MONTREAL MASSACRE

contributor:
Thurston, Wm. R.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Corporate Criininal Responsibility and the Public Welfare Offence

contributor:
Boetzkes, Elisabeth
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This thesis will provide an analysis of corporate criminal responsibility by examining the evolving nature of the public welfare offence in Canada and how it affects I the traditional understanding of mens rea. Historically, criminal law has been founded upon the notion of individual responsibility. Criminal convictions were restricted to human beings as only they could possess the mental and physical elements required of crimes. Since corporations are not considered living persons, the law has dealt with corporate offenders primarily through the establishment of public welfare offences. These offences are mainly I policy-oriented and do not require proving a mental element. However, there is noW a growing concern due to the influence of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms that public welfare offences should be regarded in the same manner as true crimes and offenders given similar legal protections. This view is troublesome as it raisFs questions over whether corporations can be equated with moral persons and given the same rights and privileges. If such a perspective is adopted, the enforcement of public welfare offences could be jeopardised resulting in increased infractions that might undermine the original policy-oriented objectives that public welfare offences were based upon. This thesis attempts to find a solution to this predicament by examining the viability of a modified corporate personality view where corporations could be 'treated' like persons, but not regarded as full-fledged moral entities; thus, allowiqg them some but not all the legal protections that human beings possess. Furthermore, the feasibility of such a position is examined in accordance with a normative view of the: criminal law, which allows for the inclusion of both individuals and collectives as responsible agents by not restricting the definition of mens rea to a purely mentalist interpretation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: William Carlos Williams and Raymond Souster: The Poet and His City

abstract:
This thesis intends to demonstrate the link which exists between the American poet William Carlos Williams and the Toronto poet Raymond Souster: It is also my purpose to examine the close relationship which exists between the two, poets and the cities in which they live. The first chapter explores Williams' relationship with the city of Paterson, New Jersey. The second. chapter examines the link between Williams and Souster and the influence Williams exerted on the young Toronto poet. The third chapter examines the poetry of Raymond Souster, especially as it applies to the city of Toronto.

The major tenet of the thesis is that Williams was a mentor for Souster in several areas. Souster has followed the lead of Williams in areas of theme, language, simplicity of line, and to a certain extent subject matter.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "Street Kids": An Ethnographic Study of a Deviant Adolescent Subcultural Group.

contributor:
Synge, Jane
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This thesis examines the social organization of "street kids." Participation in street life can be an alienating and isolating experience. I suggest adolescents who leave intolerable family situations in favour of street life, counterbalance the debilitating effects of individual isolation on the streets by participating in an alternative, adolescent subculture.

This particular subcultural group I have chosen to study, constitutes a type of "pseudo family)." I contend that while this "street kid" group represents a "family" for these adolescents , it also perpetuates a sense of victimization and is fraught with problems amongst its members, just like the home lives which they abandoned. Information drawn from numerous friendship networks within the "street kid" group provide evidence to support this contention.

Emphasis is placed on understanding the ongoing meaning of adolescent street life as viewed by male and female actors within this group. This is achieved by examining various contingencies and stages involved in becoming a "street kid," and by studying group structure and activities. The context in which their activities are explained is central to the understanding of group structure, as well as the creation of their gendered identities.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Word and Image: An Analysis of Sir Joshua Reynolds's Discourses on Art

contributor:
Walmsley, Peter
English

abstract:
Sir Joshua Reynolds's fifteen Discourses on Art seem to be the ultimate vindication of the English painter's right to autonomy - to the independence of a national tradition divorced from the tenets of literary criticism. However, this vindication is merely symbolic, for the fundamental paradox of writing about painting was exacerbated by the eighteenth-century insistence on associating painting with mechanism and naive mimeticism. By arguing for painting's inclusion in the liberal arts, Reynolds engendered an alternative form of iconoclasm; a distrust of images that failed to conform to the high-discursive art prescribed by the Academy. Although painting's affinity with the literary was evident in even the non-academic narrative cycles of William Hogarth, the official emphasis on poetic precedent signalled a difficult voyage on the road to interart equality. Modern scholarship has tended to forego in-depth discussions of the rivalry between word and image, focusing instead on the changing philosophical context in which Reynolds produced the Discourses.

This thesis will attempt to add another dimension to earlier analyses by looking at this underlying tension within the context of both the neoclassicism characteristic of the first half of the eighteenth century, and the emerging Romanticism of later years. The neoclassical discourse of the sister arts, with its emphasis on w pictura poesis, prompted painters such as Jonathan Richardson to view painting as a type of writing subject to the same principles as language proper. But, if Edmund Burke and G.E. Lessing promise to restore order by stressing the intrinsic differences between the arts, both theorists prefer the expressive potential of language, which remained privileged as a more advanced form of communication.

Ultimately, the Discourses support the aesthetic milieu from which Lessing's and Burke's prose evolved, and which heralded the final triumph of word over image.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Impact: Counselling Youth Charged With Sexually Offending

contributor:
Baines, Donna
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
This thesis explored how counselling adolescents who have sexually offended impacted on social workers. Four social workers participated in this qualitative study. Four main areas were examined in this thesis: why work with this population is stressful, how work with adolescent sex offenders impacted on the participants world view, the different way colleagues and significant others perceived this work and the impact this had on the participants' own perception of the value of their work and lastly, strategies used by the participants to remain in the field were highlighted. The results demonstrated that work with this population is stressful due to factors such as the amount of responsibility placed on the participants and the minimizations and rationalizations used by the youth. The findings also displayed that this type of work did impact on the participants' world view, but the impact was not always negative. Although the participants' colleagues and significant others did negatively perceive their work, the participants did not value their work any less. The participants used numerous strategies to remain in the field, however these strategies were informal and the participants saw the need for formal strategies to be accessible through their workplace.

The findings of this thesis demonstrated the need for community collaboration in working with this population as well as education for the community in order to better understand the purpose of counselling adolescent sex offenders. More supports for social workers was also made evident as a means to maintain social workers in this field. Also, the need for increased allocation of resources for the youth was seen as a preventative measure. Other areas for further research were highlighted, such as exploring the experiences of social workers who were involved with the youth from assessment to discharge as well as comparing the male and female social workers perceptions of their work.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: On the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Problems of Continua

contributor:
Dokainish, M.A.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
A state of the art survey of formulation aspects of geometric and material nonlinearity problem is given. The survey covers the formulation methods, the solution of nonlinear equilibrium equations, the incompressibility constraint, and, finally, the software aspects. A consistent Lagrangian, updated Lagrangian, and Eulerian formulation are derived from the energy balance equation transformed to the proper reference configuration. Difficulties opposed the pre-existence of a consistent Eulerian formulation in the literature are critically discussed. The proposed Eulerian formulation includes specific approximations which simplify the numerical treatment, and may restrict the applicability of the formulation to specific classes of problems, but do not alter the nature of the formulation. Differences between the presented Lagrangian and updated Lagrangian formulations and similar ones in the literature are found to be in specific geometric nonlinear terms in the final incremental equation as well as in the definition of the load increment vector. These differences are assessed within the framework of the basic equations of continuum mechanics. Specific forms of constitutive equations for elastic and elastoplastic materials are presented. For elastoplastic applications, it is shown that the use of proper frame indifferent stress rate leads to a constitutive equation which is a function of the incremental displacements and not the corresponding incremental strains.

A concise discussion of software aspects is provided which leads to a suggestion of switching from the program package to the programming system concept. A programming system to account for material nonlinear behaviour is developed and tested.

In the application, a plasticity theory for porous metals is proposed. A simple model of porous material is analysed by the finite element method. An assessment is made of an existing yield criterion for porous metals. A modified yield criterion and plastic potential function, and consequently, different plasticity equations are given. Reasonable agreement is obtained between the present numerical results and previous experimental and analytical results in the literature.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: SENIORS' PERCEPTIONS OF SURROGATE DECISION MAKING, MEDICAL TREATMENT AND ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVES

contributor:
Denton, Margaret
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This study examines community living , independent seniors' perceptions and views of preferences for surrogate decision makers, life-sustaining medical treatment, and advance health care directives. Data were collected through in-depth personal interviews with 26 seniors living in the Hamilton-Wentworth area of Ontario. This study looked for differences in these perceptions by socio-demographic background characteristics. Using case vignettes involving elderly patients who are either decisionally or communicatively incapacitated, participants were asked who should make a decision regarding end-of-life medical care decisions for patients, and for their preferences regarding the life-sustaining medical treatments involving respirators, antibiotic intravenous, forced feeding and amputation. Participants were asked for their familiarity with and opinion of advance health care directives. Results suggest that most often seniors prefer to rely upon family members as surrogate decision makers and that most seniors are opposed to aggressive medical treatment. Most seniors were familiar with and have positive attitudes about advance directives, however very few have completed a directive. A discussion and concluding comments suggest themes, concepts and viewpoints that emerge from this study and suggest avenues for further research.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Studies of Lipid Bilayer Structure and Dynamics

contributor:
Rheinstadter, Maikel C.
Physics and Astronomy

abstract:
The biological membrane is one of the fundamental components in nature, however it is still not well understood. The variety of lipids and other macromolecules found in the membrane makes it very difficult to discern its properties in vivo. Lipid bilayers form the backbone of biological membranes and provide an ideal model system with which to study membrane function and properties. Here we present the results of studies of lipid bilayer structure and dynamics with neutron and x-ray scattering techniques. In particular, the diffusion of single solid supported bilayers and the collective dynamics of lipid-ethanol systems were studied. The first observations of single bilayer diffusion with quasi-elastic neutron scattering are presented. Single solid supported bilayers of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) were prepared and examined with a backscattering spectrometer. Diffusion constants were found to be consistent with multilamellar systems. Single solid ! supported bilayer diffusion was also found to exhibit a continuous character with enhanced diffusion at the nearest neighbour distance.

Investigations of the effects of ethanol on collective lipid tail dynamics are also presented. Highly oriented multilamellar solid supported DMPC bilayers were prepared and immersed in a 5% ethanol/water solution. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments and all atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal the presence of a new low-energy dynamic mode in the lipid tails of DMPC-ethanol systems. This mode exhibits little dispersion and appears in addition to the high energy acoustic mode associated with lipid tail fluctuations in pure lipid systems, which is also observed. Both modes demonstrate in-plane and perpendicular character which may be related to the transport of small molecules through the membrane core. Additional x-ray diffraction studies of DMPC-ethanol systems hydrated from the vapour phase demonstrate that lipid tail fluctuations in DMPC-ethanol systems exhibit lengthscales equal or less than the thickness of the bilayer.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Nadine Gordimer: The Definition of Self in The Conservationist and Burger's Daughter

contributor:
Coldwell, J.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
The fiction of Nadine Gordimer embodies a political conviction: a belief in the inevitable collapse of minority rule in South Africa and an end to the oppression of the black majority. At the same time, Gordimer is concerned about the fate of the individual within the political context. This thesis suggests that the theme of self-definition is equal in importance to the political theme in Gordimer's novels, and moreover, that the two themes are interdependent.

The theme of self-definition in relation to politics in South Africa is explored in two major novels, The Conservationist and Burger's Daughter. The first has a male protagonist whose tendency to use power, domination and denial is destructive to his consciousness, as it is politically. Burger's Daughter, with its female protagonist, presents a character who is able to integrate different aspects of her experience by means of relationship and through a process corresponding to the pattern of initiation as found in various religious traditions. Both novels deal with the question of relationship to the shadow side of reality, what is disregarded or rejected in oneself and in the political situation.

In these two novels, neither the personal nor the political is found sufficient for consciousness or for culture. Gordimer's exploration of these themes is expressed in the idea of tension between opposites, similar to the concept of the polarities of Yin/Yang in Taoism. This thesis examines how Gordimer develops the theme of opposites by means of character and symbols to make a distinctive literary and political statement.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Psychometric Methods to Develop and to Analyze Clinical Measures: A Comparison and Contrast of Rasch Analysis and Classical Test Theory Analysis of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales (Parent-report) in a Childhood Cancer Sample

contributor: Peter Rosenbaum, Ronald Barr, Carol DeMatteo

subject:
psychometrics
classical test theory
rasch analysis
quality of life
parent-proxy
childhood cancer
Rehabilitation and Therapy
Rehabilitation and Therapy

abstract:
Traditionally, measures have been developed using Classical Test Theory (CTT). Modern psychometric methods (e.g. Rasch analysis) are being applied to increase understanding of item-level statistics and to aid in interpreting rating scale scores. This thesis aims to compare and contrast psychometric findings for the PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic Core Scales using CTT and Rasch analysis to determine if a Rasch approach provides information that furthers our understanding of scale scores. The assumptions, advantages and limitations of each psychometric paradigm are presented.

Issues that arise when measuring quality of life are discussed to set the stage for a psychometric analysis of the PedsQLTM in a childhood cancer sample. The PedsQLTM measures child health in terms of physical, social, emotional and school function. The parent-report version was used in a Canadian study of 385 parents of children aged 2 to 17 years on active cancer treatment and data was re-analyzed for this thesis. CTT analysis was performed using PASW Statistics and Rasch analysis was performed using Rumm2030.

Internal consistency reliability was higher using CTT (a = 0.93) than Rasch analysis (Person Separation Index = 0.78). Rasch analysis item curves showed respondents did not discriminate between response categories and a 3 point scale (vs. 5) was preferred. Item curves also indicated most items were free of bias. There are no equivalent visual representations in CTT of how respondents use response categories or of whether items display bias. Both approaches indicate a large ceiling effect associated with the overall score.

Results challenge internal consistency reliability of the PedsQLTM 4.0. Rasch analysis permits detailed and visually pleasing examination of item-level statistics more effectively than CTT. Research is needed to determine which testing circumstances render Rasch analysis useful and justify time and resources to use both paradigms as complementary tools to maximize understanding of rating scale scores.

abstract: Master of Science Rehabilitation Science (MSc)


title: Borders, Migration, Agency: Re-Imagining Global Non-Citizenship in Irregularity

contributor: Political Science - International Relations

subject:
Asylum
Borders
Migration
Political Agency
Refugees
Non-Citizenship
International Relations
International Relations

abstract:
This dissertation investigates how the politics of asylum are implicated in our understandings of political agency for non-citizens. Using qualitative methods of interviews and participant observation, I centre migrant narratives in my analysis and begin from the migrant experience to investigate the development and practices of a global regime of management and control over migration, asking how migrants both participate in and challenge the shaping of this regime.

The sites examined are refugee camps in Western Tanzania, the border zone between Spain and Morocco, and the detention regime of Australia. In each case a border space is created where the sovereign politics of migration operate to control migrants, and to manage their capacity for political agency and mobility through discourses and practices of exclusion. In each case, the regime is situated within a global system of securitized migration oriented explicitly against irregular migration. In each case the migrant narratives from within the border space reflect active participation in shaping the border politics in direct challenge to dominant narratives of control.

I argue that the dichotomy of voluntary/forced migration that has characterized the refugee and migration regime since 1945 is being replaced by a more rigid dichotomy of regular/irregular migration. The implications of this shift are found in more advanced and securitized border regimes and practices.

My conclusions directly challenge the characterization of the border space as a space that is not only exceptional, but exclusionary, abject and without the possibility for politics. Rather, I argue that an understanding of politics as momentary and everyday, and of politics as contestation reveals a radical political agency that re-imagines the global non-citizen as a transgressive and powerful figure. Further, I argue that this re-imagining of global non-citizens reveals possibilities for a politics that dramatically changes contemporary state-centred understandings of border regimes.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Management Strategies to Optimize Consistency in Individual Program Planning

contributor:
Beattie, Catherine
Tuff, L.
Teaching

subject: Education Education

abstract: The individual program plan (LP.P.), forms the basis of instructional organization for persons with mental handicaps. Although much of the educational literature is based on improving the document itself, little attention is given to the overall process, or to the effects of external factors such as staff at1titude and cooperation on the consistent delivery of this procedure. Part A, (The Project), draws on literature from management psychology and organizational behaviour which deals with causes of inconsistency in health-care environments. This section also outlines a method, for testing the effectiveness of a management manual (Part B) which proposes to alleviate some of these problems. Part B, written for teachers, I.P.P. managers, social workers and counsellors, presents traditional (behavioural modification) methods used in staff performance training aligned with 6 recommended management strategies, including a Pre-I.P.P. meeting form, a past I.P.P. analysis form and Staff Orientation checklist. The strategies can be used separately from staff performance training projects to determine areas of weakness in the programming process.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Residential Development in Hamilton-Wentworth, 1980 to 1994

contributor:
Anderson, William P.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
The work presented here is based on data for subdivision applications in the Region of Hamilton-Wentworth between 1980 and mid-1994. The data set contains both spatial and attribute information for each subdivision. The analysis which utilizes this data is divided into three sections. The first is a descriptive examination detailing the pattern of development over space and time. Density is then used as a dependent variable in multiple regression to determine which factors can explain the spatial variation of subdivision densities. The final analysis uses a logit model to test which characteristics of the urban area are important in a subdivision's choice of location among a set of zones representing land available for development.

Most development tends to occur in the form of relatively small subdivisions, and densities appear to increase over time. Yearly subdivision activity displays trends similar to those of various economic indicators. Density is found to be a function of distance from major roadways, the year of plan approval, household sizes and average incomes, and can also be explained using a set of categorical variables for location of development. The logit analysis shows that subdivisions are more likely to locate in areas that have more high-speed roads, more developable land, and greater quantities of previous development. Location probabilities are also higher for zones that are less accessible to employment, have smaller average family sizes, and higher average homeowner payments. Alternative specific density variables are also very important to the logit results.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Urban Change in Late Antique North Africa: The Role of Church Buildings

contributor:
Dunbabin, K.M.D.
Classics

subject: Classics Classics

abstract: The period of Late Antiquity was a time of substantial and fundamental change in cities throughout the Roman Empire, and North Africa presents plentiful (if often frustratingly enigmatic) evidence of this. By the 3rd century AD most if not all cities of any respectable size had a full complement of the monumental buildings which defined the standard Roman city, in particular a forum with its surrounding religious, administrative, business, and entertainment buildings. By the middle of the 5th century however it seems that many of these traditional urban centres had been abandoned, and that a new form of monumental architecture had appeared on the scene: the Christian church. The coincidence of these two events, the abandonment of the traditional forum complex and the rise of monumental Christian worship buildings, has caused some scholars to speculate on a link between them, and has even prompted some to propose that the churches replaced the fora as centres of urban life. This theory, however, rests on a number of questions which have not yet been fully answered. First, can the archaeological and epigraphic evidence support the assertion that churches were built at the same time as fora were abandoned? Second, did church buildings usurp any of the functions fulfilled by the fora, and in so doing replace them as urban foci? This thesis, by investigating both of these questions, shows that while the construction of churches and the decline of fora may indeed be related, that relationship is far more complex than one of simple replacement of function.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: ''What'd I Say?": Beautiful Losers' Allegory of Translation

contributor:
Savage, A.
English

abstract: This study examines Leonard Cohen's novel Beautiful Losers through the lenses of allegorical and authorial theories to appreciate how the novel uses allegorical techniques to code into symbolic terms an exploration of the polysemous nature of the word ''translation.'' The first chapter studies the stylistic and conceptual dimensions of allegory as a literary genre - as critics like Northrop Frye, Angus Fletchet, and Maureen Quilligan help to define it - while arguing that Cohen's novel is consciously allegorical, challenging readers to interpret what it "means," or may mean. The second chapter performs an intensive re-reading of Beautiful Losers, examining how the novel uses complex systems of verbal play (particularly puns) to coordinate a reunification of various dichotomies historical "reality"/imaginative myth, secularity/spirituality, enslavement/sanctification, among others - employed throughout the text. The thesis concludes that the novel is perpetually playing with various types of translation (spiritual, linguistic, physical, and so forth), affirming the need for emotionally-charged, devotional forms of expression (like song and prayer) over more clinical attempts to reorder or recreate the world and its inhabitants. Ultimately, this discussion argues that an understanding of the allegorical dimensions of Beautiful Losers may illuminate how Cohen's other works (particularly his songs) may be studied as attempts to associate word with voice, to emphasize the process of expression (translation) rather than just the finished product.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Great Repression: A Psycho-Sexual-Social Interpretation of Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow.

abstract: This thesis explores the impact of Norman O. Brown's Life Against Death on Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow. More specifically, it is an examination of how repression functions in the institutions of the family and society. Brown and Pynchon, fol lowing the central psychological concepts of Sigmund Freud, see the Oedipal complex as the fundamental source of human repression in both the family and society. The Oedipal project is responsible for not only repressing the individual's natural instincts, but also for the creation of the ego which is the seat of all social and moral constraints. Brown and Pynchon see the need to "undo" the Oedipal complex in order to break free from repression, but this break necessitates the loss of the individual's ego or self.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: N.M.R. Studies of the Bonding in Arene Chromium Tricarbonyl Complexes

contributor:
McGlinchey, M. J.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
The effects on the chemical and spectroscopic properties of an arene brought about by complexation to a chromium tricarbonyl moiety have been investigated by comparing the NMR chemical shifts of the free and complexed arenes.

The ¹⁹F n.m.r. chemical shifts of a series of free fluoroarenes, FC₆H₄X = H, F, Cl, CH₃, CH₃O, NH₂ and CF₃, have been correlated with the Swain-Lupton field and resonance parameters. Comparison of these data with the corresponding Cr(CO)₃ complexes shows little change in the transmission of mesomeric effects by para-substituents. Meta-substituents which interact primarily by a field effect have very little influence on the fluorine chemical shift in the complexes suggesting that the σ framework of the ring interacts with the chromium. The constancy in the transmission of mesomeric effects implicates an unperturbed π system in the complexes. Conversely, participation of the chromium atom in this transmission would negate this latter conclusion. An investigation of the fate of the aromatic ring current upon complexation has been used to resolve these two possible conclusions.

[10]-paracyclophane has been used to reevaluate present ring current theories. The ¹H n.m.r. spectrum of [10]-paracyclophane has been recorded at 220 M Hz and the methylene protons assigned on the basis of homonuclear decoupled spectra. Local anisotropic contributions to chemical shifts for protons sited above or near the aromatic ring of [10]-paracyclophane have been calculated using a classical model previously proposed by Grant. The residual incremental shift was shown to follow the Waugh-Fessenden-Johnson-Bovey classical ring current model, but the loop separation originally invoked was shown to be unnecessary. These corrected ring current contributions also correlate very well with the quantum-mechanical approach of Haigh and Mallion. This model has been tested with a series of cyclophanes. The ¹³C n.m.r. spectrum of [10]-paracyclophane has also been recorded.

The ¹H n.m.r. of the chromium tricarbonyl complex of [10]-paracyclophane has also been recorded at 220 M Hz. Local anisotropic contributions were derived using ¹³C shielding tensors from benzene Cr(CO)₃ and hexaethylbenzene Cr(CO)₃. The ring current was found to be reduced to approximately 50% of its former value upon complexation.

The ¹³C n.m.r. spectrum of hexaethylbenzene chromium tricarbonyl is shown to exhibit two resonances for ring carbons, as well as for methylene and methyl carbons. Cessation of ring rotation is postulated. Activation energies of 53.1 ± 2.5, 44.8 ± 2.1 and 46.9 ± 1.7 kJ mol⁻¹ for ring, methylene and methyl carbons are found.

The overall conclusions drawn are that there is a significant decrease in the aromatic ring current upon complexation and that, therefore, transmission of substituent effects between para positions of the ring may be mediated by the chromium atom.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)