title: A Nut Between Two Blades: The Novels of Charles Robert Maturin

contributor:
Sigman, Dr. J.
English

subject:
English
Charles R. Maturin

abstract:
A reading of Maturin1 s six novels makes it necessary to reevaluate the general opinion that he is chiefly a gothic novelist. This gothic view of Maturin is founded predominantly upon readings of The Fatal Revenge (1807), his first novel, and Melmoth the Wanderer (1820), his fifth. Although "traditional" gothic devices appear in both these novels, Maturin's searching analysis of Christianity as well as the specifically Irish framework make Melmoth, at least, more of a spiritual and social allegory than a gothic novel. Maturin also published four other novels: The Wild Irish Boy (1808), The Mi1esian Chief (1812), Women, or Pour et Contre (1818), and The Albigenses (1824). The first three of these novels are set in contemporary Ireland and they analyze various conflicting forces which, in Maturin1s view, retarded the building of a progressive and unified Irish society. In The Wild Irish Boy and The Mi.lesian Chief, for example, Maturin presents two approaches to the problem of Irish leadership, a problem which the Union with Great Britain in 1800 had magnified. In Women, also, he dramatizes particular religious and social tensions in Ireland; but in this case, it is the religious gulf which separates various groups and which the growing power of the Methodist community intensifies. His final novel, The Albigenses, likewise reflects religious tensions within Ireland; in this case, he
reacts to the renewed threat posed by the native Catholics' quest for
emancipation. Those who read these four novels --Scott, Morgan, Godwin, the Irish Catholics and the Irish Methodists, and other contemporaries --considered Maturin as more than simply a gothic novelist. Furthermore, if his letters to Sir Walter Scott and to Archibald Constable can be relied upon, Maturin regarded himself as a serious commentator upon Ireland's social and spiritual degeneracy
rather than as a gothic novelist. Maturin, an Anglo-Irish clergyman who distrusted Catholic and Methodist alike, was a deeply spiritual man. To him, Ireland's civil chaos resulted from the misdirected spiritual energy of these two groups as well as from the presence of irresponsible Anglo-Irish and British social leaders. For him, a solution to these problems could only be created by sincere and devoted Christian living which was most easily gained by following the forms of the Church of England. Throughout his career as a writer, this belief formed the basis of both his sermons and novels alike; and furthermore,it inspired his search for an effective medium through which he could analyze and suggest solutions to the problems which, because of its unique collection of religions and races, existed in Ireland. By reading all his novels, therefore, and by considering them within the Irish context of the social and religious tensions in which he wrote, a view of Maturin emerges which shows him to be not only a gothic novelist, but also an Anglo-Irish controversialist.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Quest for Coherence: A Study of Internal Quotations in the Book of Job

contributor:
Boda, Mark J.
Evans, Paul S.
Christian Theology

subject:
Book of Job
Coherence

abstract:
The book of Job is well-known for its internal tensions. The major challenge of interpreting this work is to provide a coherent reading of the whole narrative while giving the conflicting elements their due. The purpose of this dissertation is thus twofold. First, this study seeks to defend the intrinsic cohesiveness of the book of Job. Second, it attempts to demonstrate that a reading guided by these internal verbal and thematic connections is able to produce a coherent meaning of this literary masterpiece.
This dissertation offers a section-by-section reading of the book of Job. In each section, I conduct a two-phase analysis. In the first phase, I identify the literary connections between the passage under study and those which come before it, and reflect on the way the antecedent texts are being reused. In the second phase, I discern the impact that the insights from the first phase of analysis make upon the reading process of the passage under study and examine how the resulting interpretation contributes to the development of the story up to that point.
In order to facilitate the discussion, I borrow some insights from literary critic James Phelan, who views narrative as rhetoric. Phelan argues that the author of a narrative cultivates the interests of the reader by means of two types of unstable relations. The first, called instabilities, are those occurring within the story, conflicts between characters, created by situations, and complicated and resolved through actions. The second, called tensions, are conflicts ofvalue, belief, opinion, knowledge, expectation between the author and the reader. The development oftensions and instabilities in tum guide the reader to establish a coherent configuration ofthe narrative. This dissertation demonstrates that a satisfactory reading experience of the book of Job can be attained at both the narrative and the rhetorical levels. The analysis reveals that the central problem ofthe book is appropriate religious expressions in the context of suffering.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Hydrologic and Sedimentary Aspects of the "Schei" Sandur, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T.

title: The "Schei" Sandur

subject:
climate conditions
surface runoff
channel hydraulic conditions
sediment transport
morphology

abstract:
During the summers of 1973 anrd 1974 processes and related responses operating on a small High Arctic sandur (basin area 91 km²)
were studied. Several aspects related to the sandur were investigated,
including the hydrologic regime of surface runoff, channel hydraulic
conditions, sediment transport, and the morphology of the channels
and sandur surface.
Summer climatic conditions strongly affected surface runoff
due to their influence on snowmelt, qlacial melt, and summer precipitation,
There was a noticeable diurnal rhythm in streamflow in response
to snowmelt and glacial melt. The influences of ice blockcage effects
on streamflow were also observable. A shallow active layer resulted in
a rapid response of surface runoff to snowmelt, glacial melt, and
rainfall sources.
These aspects of the hydrologic regime strongly affected
the hydraulic conditions of the streams. The main hydraulic adjustment
was produced by changes in velocity which led to rapid changes in flow
resistance and resulted in large variations in the rates of sediment
transport. Estimates of the stream load in the 1974 summer confirmed
that the bulk of the sediment was carried as bedload.

Channel bar forms which reflected hydraulic conditions
changed considerably over a summer period. On a long term basis,
the form of the channel longitudinal profile indicated an adjustment
to downstream hydraulic conditions while the surface morphology and
sediment distribution over the sandur revealerl the two-dimensional
variations in channel processes.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: The Eschatological Imagination: Mediating David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest

contributor:
Ferns, John H.
English

subject:
David Foster
Eschatological

abstract: There is an inherent risk in studying contemporary fiction. Serious questions form around issues of an author's longevity and legacy, a work's merit and its endurance for later scholarship, and the varieties of current critical reception and methodology against the shifts to come. The attendant difficulty of assessing and analyzing a work before an industry of critical reception has formed also presents challenges. David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest ( 1996) represents these challenges, and much more; it is at once an encyclopedic novel of 1079 pages, full of both liberal arts and scientific erudition, and an encomium to an apocalyptic end of late millennial American culture. The novel is highly allegorical and operates with three crucial subtexts, in addition to the standard diegetic narrative. In this study, I present three different, though not mutually exclusive, interpretations of this novel, a novel that has presented interpretive difficulties to scholars of contemporary fiction. In Part One, I survey and compare Wallace's aesthetic with the radical, yet self-contained, aesthetic of the poet, G.M. Hopkins; Part Two examines the integral concept of mediation and explores the subtext of the return of the dead author-the novel operates, in part, as a rejoinder to the death-of-the-author critical impasse; Part Three is primarily comparative and analyzes Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov (1880). Wallace has rewritten (or reimagined) Dostoevsky's novel and translated it into a contemporary context and idiom as a remedy for postmodern American solipsism.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Christ for All: Toward a Lutheran Theology of Religions

contributor:
Studebaker, Steven M.
Heath, Gordon L.
Christian Theology

subject: Theology Lutheran

abstract:
Lutherans have, from the earliest days of the movement, expressed evangelical concern for all human beings, Christian and non-Christian alike. Martin Luther had little contact with the religions, and produced no systematic theology of religions, but his many writings on the converting power of the Gospel indicate that he was profoundly interested in mission for the sake of bringing all persons to Christ. Luther's legacy continues to inform Lutheran outreach in a religious milieu that is characterized by remarkable interreligious awareness. Unfortunately, Lutherans have throughout their 500-year history existed in relatively homogeneous Christian contexts, meaning there was until recent decades no practical necessity to ruminate on the religions and their distinctive beliefs and practices. What is by no means clear is the degree to which Christian witness is required so that salvation among the non-Christian traditions may be experienced.
As each religious tradition has a theology of religions, whether implicit or explicit, the task of this dissertation is to develop and articulate a Lutheran theology of religions, using Lutheran categories (natural and supernatural theology, atonement theory, and the theology of religions) and premises (sola gratia, sola Scriptura, sola fide, sola Christus, Law and Gospel) to assess the relative value of the religions. A Christian theology of religions must be concerned not only with the Gospel as preached, but also with the implications ofliving as followers of Christ in a religiously plural world. To this end, Lutherans, by virtue of their commitment to confessionalism and ecclesiology, can give colour and definition to the role Christianity should play in interreligious dialogue.
The position confessional Lutherans hold with respect to the religions is a "soft exclusivism," a Christocentric emphasis that rejects inclusivism and pluralism as reductionistic with respect to Christ and the Gospel, and relativistic with respect to the non-Christian traditions. Only when Christ is the unique and exclusive Saviour, revealed by the Spirit and acknowledged, does the Gospel, grace, and the righteousness of God take precedence and build faith. A Lutheran theology of religions requires faith, but should not limit the manner in which it is offered, or God's hand in preserving it. The institutional church is the ordinary vehicle for dissemination of the means of grace, but salvific grace can exist and be attained outside of her, at the behest and discretion of the Holy Spirit. Thus, the sacrifice of Christ, divine righteousness on behalf of human righteousness, can have universal implications (substitutionary and participatory) which demonstrate infinite divine love. This is the essence of a Lutheran theology of religions.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Role of Metaphors in the Interpretation of a Prophetic Discourse: A Linguistic Analysis on Isaiah 40-55

contributor:
Boda, Mark J.
Porter, Stanley
Christian Theology

subject:
Prophetic discourse
Isaiah 40-55

abstract:
Isaiah 40-55 deals with various important themes related to Israel's salvation. However, in spite of the great number of works on these chapters, there are still many unsolved debates. This is because chs. 40-55 are written in excellent poetic language, which, although terse, is full of imagery, parallelism, personification, and rhetorical questions. These poetic and rhetorical devices were very effective for communicating to the original audience but often prevent readers in modem times from understanding the meaning of the text. In particular, when these devices are approached from purely historical-critical perspectives, continued misunderstanding and increased debate is often the result.
Taking these concerns into consideration, this project has employed a linguistic approach which deals with mental frames and cognitive metaphors which are based on the cognitive world of the ancient people. In interacting with God, who is the main speaker, the three closely related metaphors, "Jacob-Israel," "Servant," and "Zion," play a very important role in the rhetorical development of chs. 40-55. This project has tried to integrate these metaphors within the frame "the relationship between God and his people." While this frame is fundamental in the Bible, there are also various sub-frames such as king/subject, parents/children, husband/wife, judge/litigant, master/servant, shepherd/sheep, and potter/pottery. Within chs. 40-55, by employing these various subframes with three main metaphors, "Jacob-Israel," "Servant," and "Zion," the prophet tries to communicate and persuade the addressees, the exiles, to accept God's message. While the three metaphors are the main figures in the text, each of them has different connotations. In addition, they are closely related to the addressees themselves (the exiles); thus, the prophet seeks to make them identify the three figures with themselves. By observing, criticizing, and comforting these three figures, the prophet responds to the potential complaints of the exiles and persuades them to return to God.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Earlier Restoration Expectations of Second Zechariah: An Intertextual Analysis of Zechariah 9-1 0

subject: Second Zechariah

subject: 9-10

abstract:
This dissertation conducts an in-depth study on the ideas about future salvation in
Zech 9-10, analyzing the earlier restoration expectations in Second Zechariah. Because
of the allusive character of the text, the methodology used in this project is intertextual
analysis. We examine the content of Zech 9-10, looking for intertextual markers in the
text, with distinctive words/phrases as the starting point. Having established the
intertexts, we investigate the sources and their contexts, analyzing how the intertexts are
used in the new context of the host and exploring how the antecedents shape the reading
of the later text. Finally, we delineate the restoration themes in Zech 9-10 in light of its
dialogue with its textual web of allusions.
This dissertation argues that Zech 9-10 leverages earlier biblical material in order
to express its view on restoration, which serves as a lens for the prophetic community in
Yehud to make sense of their troubled world in the early Persian period, ca. 440 B.C.
These two chapters envision the return of Yahweh who inaugurates the new age,
ushering in prosperity and blessings. The earlier restoration expectations of Second
Zechariah anticipate the formation of an ideal remnant settling in an ideal homeland,
with Yahweh as king and David as vice-regent, reigning in Zion. The new commonwealth is not only a united society but also a cosmic one, with Judah, Ephraim,
and the nations living together in peace.
In expressing its vision, Zech 9-10 shows close affinity with Jeremiah's view on
the restoration of the people (Zech 10) and the renewal of leadership (Zech 10:1-5),
whereas the corpus adheres to Ezekiel's perspective on the return of Yahweh and the
restoration of the land (9:1-8). For the reinstitution of the Davidic dynasty, the
Zecharian text adapts the aspiration of Mic 4-5, affirming the reinstallation of a new
David, though, at the same time, the host text deviates from Ps 72, presenting another
model of kingship. The Isaianic intertexts contribute mainly in the theme of divine
intervention, stressing that the advent of Yahweh will turn around the fortunes of his
people.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: "Knowing My Status" and the PMTCT Program: Preservation of Life Strategies Post HIV Diagnosis

contributor:
Willms, Dr. Dennis G.
Anthropology

subject:
PMTCT
Post HIV

abstract: In this thesis, I focus on the health-seeking experiences of women diagnosed with HIV in a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program in Lilongwe, Malawi. Based on ethnographic research, which included participant observation, in-depth interviews, and focus groups with women participating in the program, I explore women's motivations for HIV testing, capacity to engage in health interventions, and the meaning they give to life with HIV. While the PMTCT program is delivered at a local site, it is produced at a local-global intersection where local actors and international processes converge. I utilize critical approaches to medical anthropology to examine the global political and economic context of local life and the PMTCT program. The program is one where lives are at stake; where women learn of their HIV status, available medical interventions, and work to prolong their lives. Women engage in this program because nurses communicate messages of hope in the face of HIV. These messages are the new benefits of HIV in countries with growing opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This thesis contributes to an emerging health/social science literature that seeks to develop successful HIV interventions by focusing on patients ' experiences of HIV and HIV therapies newly available in Africa. Yet, as reported in this study, women experience barriers to the purported benefits because of the dominant health-delivery paradigm. Specifically, its verticality; human resources, counseling, and education limitations; and structural constraints that prevent women's full participation in the program. Successful PMTCT programs will need a more comprehensive approach to health and disease treatment, to provide more than just techno-medical solutions. Successful therapeutic interventions need to not only provide drugs, but also address other barriers to health maintenance.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Organised Labour and Social Democracy in Britain and Canada

contributor:
Jacek, H.J.
Political Science

subject:
Organized Labour & Social Democracy
Britian and Canada

abstract:
This thesis deals with the working class of two advanced
capitalist countries and focuses upon ideological conflict within
working class organizations such as trade unions and political parties.,
The outcome of such conflicts within working class organizations is
considered to be an expression of the state of working class consciousness
at a given time.
Within this broad context particular attention is paid to the
ideology of social democracy which has been dominant in working class
organizations in both countries during the modern period albeit to
different degrees. The thesis uses a comparative approach and pays
considerable attention to the interaction between the working class
and its societal environment- the political economies of the two
countries, the activities of the capitalist class and the impact of
its ideology upon the working class. Using this approach the thesis deals with the emergence of social democracy as the hegemonic working class ideology, its main
features particularly as they were developed in the post-war period,
the emergence of possible contradictions between social democratic
parties and ideology, and their working class supporters, and,
utilizing an historical analysis of previous ideological shifts in
working class organisations, the possibility of social democracy being superceded in its hegemonic role is considered. In dealing with
such matters the issues of nationalization and incomes policies were·
judged to be especially salient and are discussed in some detail. In the course of this study theories which posited an end to
ideological conflict in the advanced capitalist societies are considered'
and rejected. The past, present and future of social democracy, of
ideological conflict, and of the working class itself, was found to be
considerably more dynamic, complex and open to change than such theories
had imagined.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Death Dismantled: Reading Christological and Soteriological Language in 1 Corinthians 15 in Light of Roman Imperial Ideology

contributor:
Peterson, James C.
Knowles, Michael
Christian Theology

subject: Theology Corinthians

abstract:
This dissertation investigates the theopolitical background ofthe imagery Paul employs in 1 Corinthians 15, particularly in his proclamation of the story ofChrist's parousia and the defeat of Death. It suggests that the apostle appropriated many ofthe images that comprise this story from the ideology ofthe Roman Empire, and that the manner in which he co-opted them illustrates his critical response to that ideology. In 1 Corinthians 15, Paul redeploys significant imperial titles (e.g., Kuptos), actions (~o:atAEUE1v), and events ( rro:povolex, viKfl) to frame the gospel narrative that connects Christ's resurrection, arrival and rule (15:20-28) to his final subjugation ofdeath (5058). Re-read in light ofthe images' meanings as prescribed by Rome and as re-appropriated by Paul, these passages reveal a clash of rival soteriological narratives: Paul's "master story," his gospel of salvation won through the resurrection ofhis crucified lord, contests the salvific claims of the imperial discourse, the "story of mastery" as dictated by Rome. The Pauline soteriology that emerges from this engagement can enrich postmodem understandings ofwhat it means to be "saved."
The study opens with an assessment of the contemporary (mis)use ofPauline christological and soteriological terms, which seem obscure or arcane when unmoored from their original, sociopolitical milieux. This first chapter proposes that ifthese obscure images are understood as initially embedded in the context of Roman theopolitics, then their meanings should be reappraised in that setting and again as Paul redeploys them. This entails a repositioning ofthe study of the images, first with respect to the narrativalsoteriological relationships they imply (chapter two), then to previous assessments of the texts where Paul reassembles them (three). Chapter four develops a socio-rhetorical model of the hermeneutical obstacles to reading 1 Corinthians through first-century Corinthian eyes and ears, and then addresses the central theopolitical imagery in Rome's story. Chapter five's exegesis finds that the anticipated dismantling of every power, including Death, foregrounds the empire as Death's proximate ally. This and other findings resolve into an exegetically founded Pauline soteriology (chapter six) that calls postmodem theopolitical allegiances into question.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: "Now Is The Time! Here Is The Place!": World War II and the Black Folk in the Writings of Ralph Ellison, Chester Himes and Ann Petry

contributor:
Goellnicht, Donald C.
English

subject:
Ralph Ellison
Chester Himes
Ann Petry
WWII

abstract:
This dissertation proposes that the work produced by black writers between the end of the Depression and the end ofWorld War II, specifically that ofEllison, Himes and Petry--and to the degree that it influenced the others, that ofWright--comprises a distinct period in African American literature. Their work is characterized by a concern with the implications of the war for the self-determination of African Americans within the United States and for people of colour worldwide. In addition, these writers explored the effects of the war effort, particularly ofthe second Great Migration ofblack Americans from South to North, on the cultural and political strategies of African Americans as a whole.
These migrants, the majority of whom had been employed as agricultural or domestic labourers in the South, entered into industrial occupations and left service work in private homes in unprecedented numbers. In their prewar role within a neo-feudal southern economy characterized by white power over the labouring black body, these workers were seen by many contemporary commentators, and particularly those aligned with the American Left, as conforming to a socio-economic category of the "folk." In the South, the black folk had developed strategies for survival and resistance, many of which were contained in their folklore. As these migrants entered into industrial relations of production and a concomitant working-class consciousness in a war-driven economy, African American writers, intellectuals, and workers were faced with the question of the degree to which this folk "past" was usable in the present. In the work ofEllison, Himes and Petry, the figure of the black folk in the urban-industrial environment, as it e/merged with the working class, became the embodied site for an examination of the massive cultural and political shifts engendered by World War II. In addition, each ofthese writers employed black folklore as a strategy in the struggle for Mrican American selfdetermination within the United States during the war.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Generational Relations and Succession: A Study of Authority and Responsibility in Families

contributor:
Marshall, Dr. Victor W.
Sociology

subject: Authority Families

abstract:
This study develops two novel concepts in the study of family life: the familial division of labour and family headship. Together, these concepts allow for a characterization of family life which is at the same time somewhat novel and supportive of or contributory to a broader understanding of many phenomena of family life which have been observed and reported. The study of the division of labour directs attention to aspects of family structure which have not been systematically investigated elsewhere and which I show to be socially real.
The data for this study were collected through interviews with a stratified random sample of 464 men and women aged 40 and over living in Hamilton and Stoney Creek, Ontario. All had lived in Canada for at least ten years. Interviews averaged one and one-half hours and were conducted in English.
The division of labour is investigated through task-specific positions which involve responsibilities and activities enacted on behalf of the extended family and which contribute to family solidarity and continuity. Specifically, the positions of kinkeeper, comforter, placement officer, financial advisor, and ambassador are shown to exist in a division of labour in contemporary families. While the division of labour is a widespread aspect of family structure, there is great variability among families as to its shape and extensiveness.
The concept of headship is developed through an exploration of a central leadership position, the head of the family. The term refers to the person who is understood by others to possess authority and exercise the most leadership in the family. Most families in the study had such a person.
The concept of familial succession brings together interests in structure and process, and the ways in which the meaning and experiences of family life change for individuals as they grow older. Succession refers to the passing of family responsibility and authority from one generation to the next, a process which is investigated through an examination of patterns of occupancy in headship and the familial division of labour, and the ways in which these change through time. The study argues that changes in the locus of responsibility in headship and the division of labour are tied to significant family life course events as well as to aging and mortality.
When the concepts of the familial division of labour and headship are used as a basis for analysing the family as a tJ~e of work organization, the organizational structure of families is shown to follow the same principles as any work organization. An ideal typology of families bureaucra~ic, democratic, autocratic and anarchic --is developed, based on their organizational structure.
The study shows that the familial division of labour and headship are widespread phenomena which were meaningful to study participants. People were able to discuss aspects of the various positions in detail. These positions persist over time, and in many families they are passed on from one generation to the next in socially meaningful ways. Findings indicate that generational succession does occur, with each new generation coming to see itself as taking up family responsibility. However, elderly individuals, as their generational peers die, are less likely than younger family members to perceive the wider family as being an active, supportive group. This suggests a tempered view of the positive picture of intergenerational relationships conveyed by extant literature on families in later life.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Techniques of Description in Apuleius' Cupid and Psyche

contributor:
Murgatroyd, Paul
Classics

subject:
Apuleius
Cupid and Psyche

abstract: This thesis examines Apuleius' techniques and employment of setting, ecphrasis and characterization in the tale of Cupid and Psyche. Although some scholarly work has been done concerning Apuleius' narrative style, it has largely excluded this story and focused rather upon the larger framework of the Metamorphoses. This study is both a re-evaluation of earlier scholarly conjecture as well as a new interpretation and more detailed examination of these narrative devices within a much overlooked segment of Apuleius' novel. The first two chapters comprise an extensive analysis of the author's use of setting and ecphraseis with particular focus upon the following: the structural impact of and the manner in which these two elements are integrated within both Cupid and Psyche and the Metamorphoses as a whole (for example, parallels, links and prefiguration), their vividness or otherwise and how this is portrayed, the methods by which Apuleius employs setting and descriptions to colour mood and atmosphere and point up analogies and/or antitheses, as well as the significance which the two aspects play in conveying major semes and thematic threads throughout the narrative. The latter two chapters focus upon Apuleius' methods of characterization, including an examination of the minor and principal characters' actions, spoken words and thoughts, authorial intrusions and judgements, set descriptions, the significance of names or their absence, antitheses and/or analogies between characters and between characters and their environments. Characters' roles and narrative functions are also examined at length. The analyses have been undertaken in conjunction with both modem narratological methods and traditional classical methods of text analysis. This dissertation furthers knowledge about Apuleius' narrative techniques, and demonstrates his careful attention to structure, style, the impact of characters and the importance borne by set descriptions. It also contributes, therefore, to our knowledge of the ancient novel and narratology in general.

abstract: Thesis

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Computer Control of A Reciprocating Plate Extraction Column

contributor:
Taylor, P.A.
Baird, Malcolm H.I.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
This work discusses the control of a pilot scale (15 cm Dia.) Karr reciprocating extraction column. The system used is Kerosene dispersed in water, in which mass transfer does not occur.

The control scheme developed were tested for servo tracking and regulator control of the holdup of the dispersed phase, the manipulated variance was frequency of the reciprocating plates. Holdup was determined from an empirical correlation using an on-line measurement of column differential pressure.

Dynamic tests indicated the process to be nonlinear and assymmetric in time constant, deadtime and gain. A deadtime was observed between manipulating plate frequency and hold-up of the dispersed phase.

Various controllers were tested; PI ( in feedback or feed forward mode or the combination), Dahlin algorithm. These were compared to the performance of minimum variance controller and S.T.R. All controllers were implemented using a 16 bit microprocessor.

The Dahlin and Minimum variance controllers have been demonstrated to handle process with deadtime better than the PI controller, because they both have deadtime compensator.

It was shown that the S.T.R. is superior over all fixed parameters controllers in handling the non-linearity of the process.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Inferential Methods for Extreme Value Regression Models

contributor:
Balakrishnan, Narayanaswamy
Mathematics

abstract:
In this thesis, we consider different inferntial methods for the multi-group extreme value regression model and evaluate their relative merits.

First, we derive expressions of estimators of the parameters for the multi-group extreme value regression model using the following methods: (i) best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE), (ii) maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), (iii) approximate maximum likelihood estimation (AMLE), and (iv) large-sample approximation to the best linear unbiased estimation. These derivations are presented for complete samples, progessively Type-II right-censored samples, and its special case - Type-II right-censored samples. Explicit expressions of the estimators' bias (for AMLE), asymptotic (or approximate) variances and covariances are derived as well, for all the methods mentioned above. A proof of the asymptotic normality of the BLUE's of the parameters for the multi-group extreme value regression model is presented. We then compare these estimation methods for various choices of samples sizes and censoring schemes through a Monte Carlo simulation study.

We also study the confidence interval estimation of these parameters through pivotal quantities and simulate the probablility coverages of confidence intervals based on all the methods for various choices of sample sizes and censoring schemes. A comparision of these probability coverages is made as well, and some conclusions are drawn.

We illustrate all these inferential methods through three real-life examples discuessed earlier by Lawless (1982).

Finally in order to test the validity of the assumption of the extreme regression model, we extend Tiku and Singh's (1981) method to the multi-group extreme value regression model. We determine the level of significance as well as the power under different alternatives for various choices of sample sizes and censoring schemes through Monte Carlo simulations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Noble Chemists and Archaeologists: Chemical Analyses of Food Residues from Ancient Maya Vessels

contributor:
Finsten, Laura
Schwarcz, Emeritus Henry
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This study of ancient Maya foodways was undertaken in order to better understand changes in economic and social structures that took place in Maya society between Preclassic (1200 B.C. - A.D. 250 - 900) periods. Two chemical methods were used to identify archaeological food residues that have been preserved in ceramic vessels excavated from several ancient Maya settlements. A second objective of the project was to evaluate the utility of each method of residue analysis for the investigation of ancient Maya foodways in particular, and for the study of ancient foodways and related archaeological questions, generally. Stable carbon and nitrogen analysis was used to analyse 23 carbonised food residues preserved on the interior surfaces of Middle Preclassic cooking vessels from the site of Cuello Belize. Isotopically light δ13C values in all but two vessels indicate that most of the vessels were not used to prepare maize. Elevated δ15N values in all residues (n=13) with measurable amounts of nitrogen clearly indicate that freshwater fish were prepared in these vessels. Depleted δ13C values, and the thickness and location of the chars on these same vessels suggest that a starchy C3 plant was cooked along with the fish. Unambiguous evidence that the earliest Maya at Cuello made use of fish from wetland areas neat the sire is important as other lines of achaeological evidence do not or cannot demonstrate this as clearly. Moreover, these results show that isotopic analysis of charred residues can provide new and different information to investigations of past foodways. Future applications will be restricted only by the small number of carbonised residues recovered, as strong and universal theoretical principles and the long-term stability of the isotopic signals create potential for widespread utility of the method. Ancient lipid residues successfully extracted from ceramic vessels from four Lowland Maya sites were analyzed by gas chromatography. Fatty acid profiles of the residues contain a record of the former contents of the vessels. Contamination during burial or post-excavation was shown to be minimal except where vessels had been catalogued using nail polish. Direct comparision of the fatty acid profiles of archaeological residues with those of comparative cooked food standards (fresh and degraded) were made difficult by complex processes of degradeation that have greatly altered the archaeological resides. However, I suggest that a meat of plant origin can be assigned to most residues based on a ratio of medium:long chain fatty acids 2 for meats. Freshwater fish residues, in Cuello vessels that had chars, are distinguishable by relatively higher proportions of the odd-numbered fatty acids. In light of these results, and given that faunal and botanical remains are poorly preserved at Lowland sites, the analysis of lipid residues is potentially a useful analytical tool for investigating ancient Maya foodways. The fatty acid criteria suggested for the identification of lipid residues cannot be applied universally as food assemblages from different geographic regions have distinct fatty acid compositions. This fact along with the highly varied and complex processes of degradation, which are currently poorly understood, will serve to limit the development and application of this approach to archaeological studies of foodways.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Modelling and Discrimination Studies in a Catalytic Fluidized Bed Reactor

contributor:
Hoffman, T.W.
Reilly, P.M.
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
The object of this research program was to develop a strategy and methodology for modelling existing large-scale chemical reactors by coupling bench-scale studies with plant data.

By way of example, the hydrogenolysis of n-butane on a 10% nickel on silica gel catalyst was carried out in a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor (8 in. in diameter by 3 ft. bed depth). Integral reaction data were obtained from a small fixed bed reactor, packed with the same catalyst. A kinetic model, based on adsorption-desorption and reaction of activated hydrocarbon species, was developed and the ten kinetic parameters in it were estimated from the packed bed data. Statistical methods for the design of experiments for parameter estimated and for model discrimination were employed. This chemical kinetic model was used with a number of available two-phase mechanistic models to describe the fluid mechanical behaviour in fluidized beds. A catalyst activity and an interchange factor, which provides a prediction of the interchange of gas between the bubble and the emulsion phase in a fluidized bed were estimated from the plant data. Statistical methods were used to plan the experiments to allow a combination of maximum discrimination among models and a test of the models over the full range of possible operating conditions. A model discrimination criterion which takes into account the effect of errors in parameter estimates is developed and applied to determine the best model for this system at two fluidized bed heights.

Fluidized bed models are evaluated in the light of this experience. Some of the problems associated with obtaining estimates of parameters in one experimental system and applying them in another are delineated. General guidelines are indicated for modelling large industrial-scale reactors.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Immuno-Isolation Gene Therapy for a Lysosomal Storage Disease

contributor:
Chang, Patricia L.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: Lysosomal enzyme deficiencies are potentially catastrophic, genetic diseases. We used the β-glucuronidase deficient mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) to develop an alternate approach to therapy. A "universal" cell line engineered to secrete the missing enzyme was implanted in recipients requiring the enzyme replacement. The cells, though non-autologous, were rendered immunologically tolerant by alginate microencapsulation to provide protection from immune mediators. Using this immuno-isolation gene therapy strategy, the micro capsule formulation was optimized for β-glucuronidase delivery to the peripheral organs of MPS VII mice from intrapertioneally implanted microcapsules. However, the results of this experiment revealed three primary obstacles to be overcome: the mice developed an immune response against the re-supplied mouse β-glucuronidase, the treatment did not address the early onset of the disease, and β-glucuronidase was unable to cross the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system (CNS) to treat the neurodegeneration of this disease. The anti-β-glucuronidase immune response was transiently overcome using immunosuppression. To address the early disease onset, neonatal MPS VII mice were implanted within days of birth. Neonatal treatment delayed the onset of disease; however, the eventual development of antibodies limited the duration of the treatment. To address the third problem of gene product delivery to the CNS, small microcapsules were optimized for implantation into the rodent CNS and studied in vivo. Subsequently, microcapsules secreting β-glucuronidase were implanted into the CNS of MPS VII mice. This treatment reduced biochemical and histological disease parameters and improved behavior as assessed by circadian rhythm analyses. A combined peripheral and CNS treatment normalized the lysosomal storage throughout the peripheral organs and much of the CNS, an achievement not attained by other treatments of adult MPS VII mice. This novel cell-based immuno-isolation gene therapy demonstrates a potentially cost-effective and non-viral treatment alternative applicable to both peripheral and neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Investigation into the Electrical and Radiation Damage Properties of Nitrogen Implanted Silicon, Germanium and Silicon Carbide

contributor:
Shewchun, J.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
The radiation damage and electrical properties of nitrogen implanted silicon, germanium and silicon cardine have been investigated. The object of this investigation has been to relate the damage annealing properties of the implanted semiconductor to the observed electrical behaviour, in an attempt to understand the role of nitrogen in these materials.

The study has shown that donor behaviour can be obtained in nitrogen implanted silicon. Capacitance-voltage and Hall effect measurements performed on the implanted layer have indicated that less than 1% of the implanted nitrogen has become electrically active, following anneals in the 700-900ºC range. The ionization energy of nitrogen in silicon has been found by low temperature Hall measurements to be 0.017 ± 0.002 eV. This result has been shown to be independent of the annealing time and the implantation temperature. For doses above ~6 x 10¹4 N/cm², donor results are no longer observed and the damage results have shown that the silicon crystal has no recrystallized well. The results of the above measurements, together with the characteristics of nitrogen implanted diodes and the results of a damage study of nitrogen implanted silicon are presented, and the role of nitrogen in silicon is discussed.

The results of electrical and lattice location measurements on nitrogen implanted germanium have shown that nitrogen does not become a donor in germanium. The lattice location measurements have used the 14N(d,α)¹²C nuclear reaction, and have shown that the implanted nitrogen atoms are on interstitial lattice positions. The results of damage measurements obtained by backscattering techniques, together with the electrical and lattice location results are presented.

This study has shown that nitrogen implanted silicon carbide exhibits donor behaviour following a high temperature anneal. This result was deduced from the properties of nitrogen implanted silicon carbide diodes and from lattice location measurements performed with the 15N(p,α)¹²C nuclear reaction. These lattice location measurements have shown that approximately 50% of the implanted nitrogen atoms are on the substitutional lattice sites, following an anneal at 1450ºC. This is in excellent agreement with the value of 50% previously reported by other authors as deduced from electrical measurements. Although some problems with the annealing of heavily doped silicon carbide remain to be solved, this study has shown that ion implantation promises to be a useful technique for doping this material.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Variation of Sheet Metal Formability in Biaxial Stretching Processes

contributor:
Duncan, J. L.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
The deformation of circular and elliptical steel diaphragms subjected to hydrostatic pressure is investigated and the different modes of failure of these diaphragms are analysed and compared.

An experimental program is carried out to determine the inherent variability of the forming-limit curves where a number of samples from different grades of deep drawing quality steel are hydrostatically bulged to failure. A quantitative metallographic analysis is also performed in an effort to establish a relationship between microstructural parameters and formability.

A hypothetical model of ductile fracture is proposed to predict the formability of a sheet which contains a population of voids and is subjected to a non-uniform biaxial straining process. A simulation process is developed for this model using the Marciniak analysis and the extreme value theory. Numerical solutions are obtained to show the influence of material defect parameters and process variables on the distribution of forming limits. Theoretical results are then compared with the experimentally determined forming limit curves.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Commutative Coherent Rings

contributor:
Mueller, B. J.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
Those modules over a commutative Noetherian ring which are finitely generated (and therefore automatically finitely presented) have especially pleasant properties. For example, any such module has a finitely generated projective resolution. Furthermore, any ideal contained in the set of zero-divisors of a non-zero finitely generated module M is actually annihilated by some non-zero element of M. Now the property that any finitely presented module has a finitely generated projective resolution actually characterizes coherent rings. Those commutative coherent rings whose non-zero finitely presented modules posses the second property mentioned above with respect to finitely generated ideals are herein entitled "pseudo-Noetherian" rings. This thesis is devoted to the study of these rings.

It is demonstrated that a faithfully flat directed colimit of such rings is again pseudo-Noetherian and this observation leads to non-trivial examples of pseudo-Noetherian rings. Equipped with a suitable definition for the "depth" of a non-zero finitely presented module M over a local pseudo-Noetherian ring R one may establish the following extensions of results known in the Noetherian situation: Depth M equals the length of any maximal R-sequence on M. Moreover, if M = R, this number equals the supremum of the projective dimensions of those finitely presented modules which have finite projective dimension. Furthermore, if M has finite projective dimension, (p. dim M) + (depth M) = depth R. These last two statements may be sharpened by substituting "Gorenstein dimension" for "projective dimension" wherever the latter occurs.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Convergence Acceleration in Numerical Methods

contributor:
Torre, Della E.
Electrical Engineering

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to present a unified treatment of numerical solutions to the elliptic partial differential equations, particularly the Laplace, Poisson, and Helmholtz equations, in homogeneous and inhomogeneous isotropic media in electrostatic, magnetostatic, and electromagnetic field problems, with particular attention given to iterative solutions. Another objective is to design a family of methods for accelerating the convergence of these solutions. The concept of the convergence acceleration is generalized to deterministic and stochastic vector sequences. Several hybrid methods, combining the finite difference and finite element approaches, are proposed. The methods have been tested either by test examples or by practical solutions to field problems.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Aluminum Hydrolysis Effects on Phosphorus Removal from Wastewaters

contributor:
Benedek, Andrew
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
It is widely recognized that phosphorus removal from wastewaters by coagulation with aluminum salts is brought about not by the aluminum ion itself but by the hydrolysis products of the metal ion.

The present work investigated the effectiveness of the aluminum polymeric species in phosphorus removal. These species were formed by partially neutralizing an aluminum chloride solution with sodium hydroxide under controlled conditions and they were given the name PBAC for Polymerized Basic Aluminum Chloride. The results were compared with those obtained using Alum, the most commonly employed aluminum coagulant. Although the removal of phosphorus from wastewaters was the main objective, the work extended to other areas such as supernatant suspended solids removal, sludge filtrability and organics removal.

The factors that were found to influence the efficiency of the coagulants were:

(i) The aging time of the aluminum polymers,

(ii) The OH:Al molar ratio in the preparation of PBAC,

(iii) The Al:P molar ratio (Aluminum dosage),

(iv) The pH,

(v) The presence in the wastewater of other ionic species.

It was found that the removal of phosphorus could be adequately explained by a model involving complex formation and precipitation. It was shown, however, that the removal of organics cannot be attributed to a strictly chemical interaction and other mechanisms should be considered as well.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Opposing Free and Forced Convective Heat Transfer to Turbulent Air Flow in a Verticle Pipe

contributor:
Hoffman, T. W.
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
The interaction between the opposing free and forced convection has been studied, by first defining the limits of the onset of flow reversal, through flow visualisation experiments involving the cooling of upward flowing hot water. From dynamic similarity considerations, these experiments were used to define the operating conditions, for experiments involving the heating of downward flowing air, to ensure unidirectional flow. Radial measurements of the temperature and velocity were made, in a 24 in. long, 8.054 in. diameter test section, with fully developed turbulent air flow entering its inlet. The inlet Reynolds numbers ranged from 7500 to 37500, the test section wall temperature was maintained constant for any run; the temperature range covered was 122ºF to 890ºF. Some temperature profiles exhibited unusual behaviour and this indirectly indicated flow reversal in situations where it was expected from the dynamic similarity considerations.

The partial differential equations for the conservation of mass, momentum and energy were solved numerically by an implicit finite difference formulation. Good agreement between the predictions and the observations was obtained for negligible buoyancy force; while deviations increased with an increase in the relative magnitude of the buoyancy force. During the various attempts to resolve this discrepancy, it was felt that a change in the turbulence structure might have occurred. The effective conductivity profiles, calculated from the measured temperature profiles indicated an increase in the turbulent activity with increasing free-forced convection interaction. Heat transfer rates were found to be 215% higher than those obtained from pure forced convection considerations, for Gr/Re² ~ 0.90.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Some Transport Properties in Simple Metals

contributor:
Carbotte, J.P.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
Working within the framework of the conventional first-order variational solutions to the Boltzmann transport equation, a variety of transport properties in the alkali metals (Na, K, Rb, Li) were studied. It was found that a consistent description, in terms of a simple model pseudo-potential and using a spherical Fermi surface, is possible. In particular, it was possible to explain the pressure variation of the ideal electrical resistivities over a wide temperature range and this includes the anomalous (relative to the other metals) behaviour of Li.

Utilizing a scattering time solution to the Boltzmann equation, detailed calculations of the effects of anisotropy in the electron-phonon interaction on the electrical resistivity were carried out. In particular, the temperature dependence of the anisotropy is treated in some detail. The results were also used to discuss the temperature variation of the low field Hall coefficient.

A simple device to eliminate the divergence of the electron-phonon coupling constant (as calculated in the one orthogonalized plane wave approximation) in polyvalent metals in discussed, and its use is illustrated in the case of Al. The effects of this divergence on the resistivity are pointed out and some conclusions are drawn regarding the effects of anisotropy in polyvalent metals.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Hydrolysis of Endosperm Proteins in Germinating Maize

contributor:
Oaks, Ann B.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Endosperm protein hydrolysis in germinating maize caryopses was investigated, with emphasis on:

1. The disappearance of the various classes of endosperm proteins.

2. The enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of the reserve proteins.

3. Hormonal regulation of enzyme formation and protein hydrolysis in the endosperm.

Degradation of the principal storage proteins, zein and glutelin, was found to begin within the first two days of germination. After 3 days hydrolysis proceeded rapidly until the endosperm reserves were depleted, at about 8 days. The rate of degradation of zein and glutelin depended on the composition of the endosperm, the more abundant protein was hydrolysed most rapidly.

The disappearance of zein and glutelin during germination was correlated with proteolytic activity in the endosperm. The principal protease extracted from germinated maize endosperm had a pH optimum of 3.8, temperature optimum of 46C, and required free sulphydryl groups for its activity. The enzyme preparation which had endopeptidase activity degraded a wide range of substrate proteins. Denatured protein, such as hemoglobin, was degraded more rapidly than native proteins such as bovine serum albumin, and gliadin was found to be more readily degraded after partial acid hydrolysis. An agar gel assay was developed to permit use of the insoluble maize storage proteins as substrates. In this assay zein and glutelin were degraded at a rate comparable to hemoglobin. The ability of the preparation to degrade zein and glutelin with equal efficiency can account for the non-specific pattern of protein degradation during germination. This protease and α-amylase are absent from quiescent caryopses. These enzymes appear 2-3 days after imbibition of intact caryopses, and increase in activity throughout the course of protein and starch breakdown.

In contrast to other cereals neither the embryo nor exogenous factors were necessary for initiation or continuation of α-amylase and protease formation is de-embryonated endosperms. Both enzyme activities appeared earlier in excised endosperms than in intact caryopes germinated at the same temperature. Zein, glutelin, and starch were also degraded more rapidly in excised endosperms. Protease and α-amylase production were found to require protein and RNA synthesis in the endosperm, hence it is tentatively concluded that these hydrolytic enzymes are synthesised de novo in the endosperm.

Enzyme production was not markedly stimulated by treating de-embryonated endosperms with phytohormones. However hydrolase production and starch and protein breakdown were strongly inhibited by abscisic acid, a hormone antagonist. This inhibition was reversed by inclusion of gibberellic acid in the incubation medium. Neither kinetin nor indoleacetic acid could overcome abscisic acid inhibition, indicating that gibberellins may have a special role in regulation of hydrolase production.

The response to gibberellic acid of a dwarf-mutant maize, thought to be deficient in endogenous gibberellins, was tested. De-embryonated endosperms of this mutant had low enzyme activities, and degraded little starch or protein when incubated in buffer. Inclusion of gibberellic acid in the incubation medium stimulated enzyme production five-fold, and accelerated starch and protein hydrolysis. Thus, as in other cereals, the gibberellins appear to influence the induction of hydrolytic enzymes in maize endosperm.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Rubidium-Strontium Mineral and Rock Ages at Sudbury, Ontario

contributor:
McNutt, R. H.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
Chemical and isotopic results have been used to calculate Rb⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶ and Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶ ratios of both whole rock and mineral samples from the Sudbury Area of Northern Ontario. Using these ratios and the principles of radio-active dating, age of various geologic events have been calculated.

These ages, along with results of other age dating and geologic studies in the area, are used to examine the origin and history of both the Nickel Irruptive and the Murray Granite. Finally, significant Rb-Sr mineral and whole rock ages from Sudbury and the geologic events they reflect are reviewed in chronological order and correlated with ages and events in adjacent areas.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Synthesis and Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy of Diterpenoids

contributor:
Bell, Russell Arthur
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
With the view to functionalizing the C-20 angular methyl group of the ring C-aromatic diterpenoids, synthetic objectives centred on finding an easily accessible intermediate to which a 1,6-hydrogen transfer could be attempted by photolysis of the nitrite ester. Attempted functionalization through the 12β-hydroxy group in perhydropodocarpic acid 29b and through the C-7 alcohol group in methyl 7β-hydroxy-O-methylpodocarpate 37 and in 6β, 7β-dihydroxy-O-methyl-podocarp-19, 6β-lactone 48 were unsuccessful. Recourse to the normal 1, 5-hydrogen transfer through the nitrate ester of methyl 6β, 7β-dihydroxy-O-methyl-podocarpate 95, a compound readily obtained in good yield after six steps from 12-acetoxypodocarpic acid 38, was inconclusive.

During the course of the synthesis, an improved procedure of benzylic oxidation of phenolic compounds, or easily hydroyzable derivatives, was developed.

The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of podocarpic acid 25, a ring C-aromatic diterpenoid, and a number of derivatives were recorded and analyzed. Substituent effects on the aliphatic carbons were determine for a variety of oxidation levels at carbon 19.

These substituent effects, among other techniques, are applied to the analysis of some labdane intermediates, ozonolysis products of podocarpic acid, and abietic acid and derivatives.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Hydrology and Karst Solution in the Southern Canadian Rockies

contributor:
Ford, D. C.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
This study seeks to achieve an understanding of the factors which control the rate and nature of karst solution in the Alpine setting of the southern Canadian Rockies. Theoretical controls of the process are reviewed quantitatively in order to ascertain the effects which they can be expected to exert. The value of techniques of hydrochemical analysis which have been developed for use in other environments are examined from the point of view of karst hydrochemistry.

The process of karst solution in two large river basins (the Athabasca and the North Saskatchewan) is described with particular reference to the effects of the hydrological regime of the area and to the theoretical controls of process. The findings are shown to be similar in kind to those which are presented for a number of small holokarstic basins within the same area. The hydrochemical behaviour of karst basins at both scales can be described in terms of the interaction of a small number of distinct hydrochemical environments in which the hydrodyamics of solution plays a determining role.

The implications of this conclusion with reference to the extent and distribution (both spatial and temporal) of karst solution within the southern Canadian Rockies are described. Karst solution is shown to be the most important single geomorphic process presently operating in the area. Improved estimates of the rate of this process are presented.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Geochemistry and Petrology of the Loon Lake

contributor:
Shaw, Denis M.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
The Precambrian Loon Lake pluton, Ontario, is a circular zoned body emplaced in metamorphosed rocks of the Grenville Province about 1075±75 m.y. ago. The intrusion of this post-tectonic pluton superimposed on country rocks, already regionally metamorphosed to amphibolite facies, a contact metamorphism of K-feldspar-cordierite hornfels facies. Various parameters indicate a maximum contact temperature range of 750-820ºC and total pressure range of 2.5-4 kb, producing anatexis of rocks in the contact aureole. Garnet-sillimanite-cordierite gneisses, abundant in this aureole, are probably a residuum after partial melting of the Apsley biotite gneiss. These residual rocks contain high Al, Fe and Mg, low alkalies and also heavy REE enrichment with negative Eu anomalies, compared to the Apsley gneiss. Leucogranites associated with garnet-sillimanite-cordierite gneisses may represent anatectic material subtracted from the Apsley gneiss.

The pluton consists of two main concentric zones, a monzonitic core and outer younger quartz monzonite. Several isolated bodies of older diorite and syenodiorite occur within the pluton, mostly in the core. Intrusions of the felsic rocks probably followed in rapid succession. The pluton is also zoned with respect to the structural state of potassium feldspar, which is mostly microcline, although some central monzonites contain orthoclase: this variation was probably controlled by water distribution.

Large variations in chemical and mineralogical composition of the basic rocks are due to (a) magmatic differentiation and (b) interaction with felsic magma. These rocks may not be genetically related to the pluton.

The variations of major elements, Rb, Sr, Ba, Tl and REE in monzonite are consistent with fractional crystallization (mainly of feldspars) and probably involved flowage differentiation. Most chemical variations in quartz monzonite are also compatible with fractional crystallization. The behaviour of REE, however, is not readily consistent with this process.

Monzonite and quartz monzonite were both formed from a single magma, which was generated either by partial melting of lower crustal/upper mantle rocks, or by fractional crystallization of basic deep-seated magma. This magma in part intruded (monzonite) and in part evolved further (quartz monzonite) and subsequently intruded. Quartz monzonite was generated by fractional crystallization of monzonitic magma and by "mixing" of monzonitic magma with anatectic granitic melt.

The composition of biotite from the felsic rocks suggests oxygen fugacities slightly higher than those in equilibrium with a Ni-NiO buffer.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Apocalypse Then and Now: Contemporary Narratives of Environmental Extinction

contributor:
Granofsky, Ronald
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: My dissertation examines the heretofore unexamined dovetailing of concerns and motifs found in environmental, science-fiction, romantic, and post-apocalyptic narratives. In particular, I focus upon contemporary renderings of architectural ruins, vegetation, children, and depopulated landscapes. These broadly romantic tropes of the nineteenth century, I argue, are reworked in post-World War II fictions and writings to yield now commonplace ecological and post-apocalyptic motifs. Typically, post-cataclysmic landscapes are endowed with a sometimes uncanny fecundity, which can signal both healthy, consoling growth and also the dominion of a toxic, "postnatural" nature that is working to rid itself of humans and human infrastructures. The narratives I examine are, then, often poised between affirming an optimistic humanism and, perhaps unwittingly, a more nihilistic ideology, one which in some versions values non-anthropocentric ecology over urbanism and human life. As such, many of the narratives I examine anticipate contemporary forms of radical environmentalism.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Model for Confidence Judgments in Choice Tasks

contributor:
Link, Stephen W.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
It is proposed that the basis of confidence judgments in choice reaction time tasks is the distance between the initial and terminating values of a random walk decision process. Several qualitative predictions and one important quantitative prediction about confidence are derived from the model and tested in a "same-different" line length discrimination reaction time task with two levels of response time deadline. In the task, S simultaneously indicates whether two sequentially presented line lengths are the same length or different lengths and a level of confidence associated with the choice response. The model predicts all the major qualitative features of the data. In addition, a predicted linear relationship between [P(correct)-P(error)] and the average "signed" confidence fits the data very well.

A second test of the model, using two deadlines and an "accuracy" condition in which response time was unimportant, replicates both the results of earlier experimenters and the results of the first experiment. Despite a consensus in the literature to the contrary, confidence and response time are shown to be positively related.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Double Chord HSS Trusses

contributor:
Korol, R.M.
Mirza, F.A.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
A research program into the investigation of the behaviour of double chord HSS Warren trusses is presented. The experimental results of eleven tests on five different types are reported; these include two Back-to-Back trusses, two Standard trusses and a Bolted type. One of the Back-to-Back trusses employed stiffening plates to reinforce gapped connections while the other had web members fully overlapped. The two Standard trusses had different eccentricities depending on whether the ends of the web members were square cut or angle cut. Gusset plates and tie plates were used to stiffen the connections for the Bolted truss. Retreats after reparations were undertaken in the event of a localized joint or member failure so that maximum information could be obtained from the program.

An analytical model has been developed and incorporated into an existing plane frame program for analysis of the double chord HSS trusses. Three types of yield mechanisms that are accounted for are plastic hinge formation at the end of a member, member failure due to plastic limit load and yielding of the spring for modelling a connection.

The experimental and analytical results are then compared thus confirming the validity of the analytical model. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are outlined for the analysis, design and feasibility of double chord Warren trusses with hollow structural sections.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Polymerization Kinetics and Properties of Vinyl Polymers

contributor:
Hamielec, A.E.
Chemical Engineering

abstract: This thesis has been written as three self-consistent parts. Part One reports on experimental and theoretical investigation of the kinetics of the bulk polymerization of vinyl chloride. Part Two found its origin in Part One and resulted from the need of unambiguous characterization of the polymer synthesized. Molecular aggregation can interfere with the interpretation of all classical methods of polymer characterization in addition to gel permeation chromatography. Part Three resulted from an independent study performed by the author to broaden his knowledge in the field of polymer science and engineering in the area of polymer rheology. The results of this study were very successful and made a significant contribution to polymer rheology and therefore are reported herein. Some details of these three Parts follow under separate headings.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Relationships Between Hippocampal EEG and Behavior in the Rat

contributor:
Black, A. H.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: Relationships between dorsal hippocampal EEG and behavior were studied in the rat. Walking etc. and lever pressing were associated with significantly more hippocampal RSA than operant licking, normal drinking, polydipsic drinking, grooming, saliva spreading and holding still. The results suggested that hippocampal EEG is related to the form of response, rather than to perceptual or sensory processes or to central integrative processes. Furthermore, the results suggested that hippocampal EEG is not related to the operant role of response or to relative intensities of response.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Sedimentation in Karst Drainage Basins Along the Allegheny Escarpment in Southeastern West Virginia, U.S.A.

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
A review of the literature shows a lack of information on stream transported and deposited cave sediments. Where such studies have been made, sedimentary structures have been overlooked or misinterpreted. A study of sedimentary deposits in Appalachian caves by the author indicates that a large quantity (over 75%) of the deposits found in caves of that area is derived from overlying or adjacent clastic rock and is deposited by streams at a time not contemporaneous with the origin of the cave passages. This contradicts the views of some geomorphologists. Additional evidence from scallop measurements on the floor, ceiling and walls of passages indicates velocities of different magnitude and directions from those which are responsible for the transport of a coarse bedload common to most passages. Scallops and passage profiles also indicate that fills may shield the cave floor from further solutional activity once a thick deposit of clastic material accumulates. Such deposits protect and preserve former large-scale scallops produced during passage solution. This allows for comparisons between scallop velocities and velocities which transported the sediments. Ancient deposits at higher levels in the caves indicate that the conditions of passage solution and deposition of fills have remained relatively constant during approximately the last 200,000 years. However, some caves show evidence for massive, single depositional events with little sorting or rounding. This suggests periglacial activity on the Greenbrier karst at elevations around 2,500 feet; an elevation considerably lower than previously described sites in the area.

A model for the development of surface and subsurface drainage and sediments across the Greenbrier limestone is developed. This is based upon the changes in the tributary karst basins progressing in a downstream direction along the Greenbrier River. Karst "sieve-type" deposition, the accumulation of bedload at the upper clastic/carbonate contact, is an important feature of this model. Periglacial debris, now inactive, which accumulated during colder periods along the escarpment face is reworked by surface streams. This provides a source of coarse bedload for the sieve deposits. Fines are winnowed out and carried into the caves or accumulate in terraces below the karst risings in the lower basins.

The use of kaolinite 3.58Å/illite 10.0Å ratios from clay mineral samples shows weathering variations which are useful in provenance determination if considered along with data on milky quartz pebbles and identifiable lithologies. Dating by Thompson (1973) from travertine deposits directly on top of, or interbedded with, fluvial sediments helped to establish relative and absolute dating of the deposits. In appears that travertine deposition is most active during the warmer inter-glacial periods. Although sediment deposition occurs throughout the warm and colder periods, it appears that massive single depositional events occurred during periglacial periods when travertine deposition was minimal.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Timing of Interresponse Intervals by Human Subjects

contributor:
Kristofferson, A.B.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
Accounts of the psychophysics of duration have attributed variance on the temporal decision axis either to variability in a psychological timekeeper or to variability in afferent delays between the times of stimulus presentation and registration at the timekeeper. A similar distinction could be made when accounting for variance in the timing of discrete responses either in terms of timekeeper variability or in terms of variability in efferent delays in responding. Thus in each case, an ambiguity exists for the identification of variance estimates based on behavioural data and strong assumptions have been made about the variance in one process when attempting to characterise the variance attributable to the other. It is demonstrated in this thesis that this need not be the case in tasks where subjects are required to maintain some interval (T) between sequences of identical discrete responses. Two classes of model are recognized as possible accounts of performance in such tasks.

In the tandem process model it is assumed that a timekeeper initiates responses at intervals with mean approximating T but that there is variable time lag in observing each overt response as a result of efferent delays. In the associative element chaining model it is assumed that no timekeeping as such takes place but that a reflex chain of events triggered by one overt response produces, as the last element in the chain, the next overt response. A Morse telegraph key tapping task with T in the range 170 through 350 msec reveals estimates of interresponse interval (I) lag one serial correlation to be consistently negative. This finding rejects the associative element chaining model but confirms predictions of the tandem process model.

Under the tandem process model the variances of the timekeeper intervals and the response delays can be separately determined using estimates of the variance and lag one serial covariance of I. In two experiments which employ different Sa and response equipment it is found that, whereas response delay variance changes little with I, timekeeper interval variance is a linear increasing function of I. The last mentioned finding is consistent with a set of stochastic models of the timekeeper. These postulate that intervals are generated by the time taken to attain a given count of events where interevent times are independently and identically distributed. If it is assumed that the events originate in a Poisson source, estimates of the rate parameter are of the order of 10³ events per second and well within the range of estimates obtained from psychophysical procedures. Implications of findings of non-zero response delay variance for studies of reaction time are also considered. Some of the response delay variance is shown to depend on the type of movement used in making the response. Further analysis of the data of Experiment 2 suggests that successive response delays are negatively correlated. However conclusions with respect to either of the process variances are little changed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Radar System Studies Using Simulation Techniques

contributor:
Haykin, S. S.
Electrical Engineering

abstract:
Pulse-compression is a technique used in radar to transmit a long pulse while retaining the range resolution of a short pulse. The echo from the target is compressed in the matched filter of the radar receiver and the range resolution becomes equal to the width of the central peak of the autocorrelation function of the transmitted signal. A range tracking loop and a range surveillance moving target indicator (MTI) radar using pulse-compression techniques are studied in this thesis. The antenna of these systems is assumed to point along a constant azimuth to simplify the radar surroundings so that the nonlinear aspects of the circuits may be investigated.

In a range tracking loop the nonlinearity arises in the delay error feedback process, while in an MTI radar it arises through the limited dynamic range of the circuits used. This thesis presents a computer simulation study of these nonlinear radar systems using Monte Carlo techniques. The computer used in the study is of an interactive kind with oscilloscope display.

A new range tracking loop referred to as the decision-directed delay-lock loop has been developed using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for cross-correlation with a stored replica of the transmitted signal. The loop uses all the lagged products of the FFT cross-correlation output, ans is shown to have a wide dynamic range for large steps of input delay. Using signals already available in the loop, additional features such as automatic feedback gain control and a mechanism for detection of unlocking are built into the loop.

The MTI pulse-compression radar has been investigated to determined the effect of a linear-limiting intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the MTI output. For this study the FFT was used for the purpose of matched filtering and for generating various types of coherent clutter. It has been shown that large SNR losses due to the time-varying effective gain of the clutter-captured limiter may occur at some ranges with particular types of clutter spatial distributions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Method for the Determination of Non-ceruloplasmin-bound Copper in Blood Serum and Some of Its Applications

contributor:
Fritze, K.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Methods have been developed to analyse for the non ceruloplasmin-bound copper and total copper in human blood serum accurately and precisely. The former was firstly isolated from the serum by using Chelex 100 resin. Both the non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper and the total copper were determined by neturon activation analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy and a spectrophotometric method using zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate as the chelating agent. Then the concentration of the ceruloplasmin-bound copper could be calculated by the difference. In vitro and in vivo radioisotopic labelling techniques were used in establishing the methods. Then they were applied to analyse the blood sera from some Caucasians, Chinese and a person with glomerulonephritis. The variations of the copper concentration as a function of time of one Chinese volunteer were also studied.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Studies on the Syntheses of Diterpenoids and Macrolides

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
Firstly, synthetic routes to diterpenoids based on the labdane skeleton from naturally occurring podocarpic acid were studied. The diterpenoids lambertianic acid and methyl 12-hydroxylabd-8(17)-en-19-oate as well as the lactones 8α-hydroxy-(13→17)-pentanor-9β-labdan-12,19-dioic acid 19-methyl ester 8α→12 lactone and 8α-hydroxy-(13→17)-pentanor-9α-labdan-12, 19-dioic acid 19-methyl ester 8α→12 lactone have been synthesized. The conformational analyses of these and two other lactones in the series were performed by application of the nuclear Overhauser effect. Alternative routes to the synthetically useful intermediate dimethyl (13→16)-tetranorlabd-8(17)-en-12, 19-dioate and the application of another intermediate methyl 12-oxo-(13→16)-tetranorlabd-8(17)-en-19-oate to the synthesis of other diterpenoid systems were investigated.

Secondly, a unique approach to the synthesis of erythromycin A, involving the stereoselective synthesis of the precursor, (±)2(R), 4-dimethyl-3(R)-methoxymethoxy-4(E)-heptenoic acid, of the 9→13 carbon fragment, was studied.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Modelling and Dynamic Optimisation of Mixed Variable Processes Using Hybrid Simulation Techniques

contributor:
Malherbe, M.C. de
Newcombe, R.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
An approach to study control problems in complex systems of interacting, mixed variable processes is presented. Discrete event simulation is combined with continuous simulation to provide a versatile method for system modelling and analysis. Provisions are made to include a human model into the model of a real system which allows an accurate reproduction of systems in which human control is an integral part. A special model display unit was built to provide feedback to the model operator, which can be readily connected to a hybrid computer. The display unit permits operation of the model by process people with no detailed knowledge of simulation which is an added advantage.

A copper smelter system was modelled and simulated on a hybrid computer which includes discrete as well as continuous processes and requires human control to integrate the process to achieve a maximum output. The system thus represents a good example for a variety of similar systems encountered in industry. Semi-empirical models of smelting processes were developed based on existing knowledge of the processes. Using the display unit the evolutionary development necessary for some models was possible.

The simulation model was calibrated and validated to accurately reproduce the real system behaviour. Based on simulation experiments on improved operating technique for controlling aspects of the smelting process was tested and an increase in production was predicted. This operating technique was tested in plant trials and adopted while the predicted production increase was verified.

The validated model was then used to develop heuristic decision and forecasting algorithms optimal control of model operations. Based on the realistic model diffrent decision strategies could be tested by observing their success in controlling the simulation model. The control algorithms were refined to give a satisfactory control of the simulation model, without the need of human intervention. The smelter model with the heuristic control can thus serve as a useful tool in developing an on-line control system for the real system, which could be used as a decision making aid to operating personnel.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Studies in Nonlocal Potentials

contributor:
Bhaduri, Rajat K.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
The two-body elastic scattering data and the binding energy of the deuteron do not uniquely determine the nucleon-nucleon interaction. Many potentials, which fit these data, may give different results in many-body problems due to their different off-energy-shell behaviour. It is also expected that the nucleon-nucleon interaction would be nonlocal at short relative distances and local at comparatively larger (r ≥ 2 Fm) distances. Thus it is of interest to construct and study partly nonlocal potentials.

We have generalized the Jost-Pais theorem for nonlocal central and noncentral potentials. A method, based on the formalism of Fuda, has been developed to construct partly nonlocal central phase equivalent potentials. These potentials, constructed in the S-state, have an attractive local part, superimposed with a short range repulsive rank-one separable potential. We study the behaviour of such partly nonlocal potentials in nuclear matter, with a view to examine if these differ significantly from corresponding phase equivalent separable potentials.

We have also studied the dependence of the threshold cross section for the reaction p+p → π⁺+d on the nature of the deuteron wave function. Phase equivalent potentials with varying D-state probability of the deuteron have been generated using unitary transformations on the two-body Hamiltonian which includes a local or separable potential. It has been shown that the cross section depends sensitively not only on the D-state probability of the deuteron but also on the form of the wave function at short relative distances, and hence to the off-shell behaviour and the nonlocality of the interaction.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Partitioning Scheme for Molecular Electronic Charge Distributions

contributor:
W.Bader, R. F.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: A method of spatially partitioning a chemical system into fragments, and describing the properties of that system directly in terms of the gross properties of its constituent fragments, is outlined and discussed. The partitioning surfaces are fully and uniquely defined by the topographical features of the three-dimensional electronic charge density -- an observable property of the system. For this reason, the method is of high generality, and may be readily applied to any chemical system, irrespective of its complexity or the form of the wavefunction which describes it. The usefulness of the method is illustrated in a study of (1) several Lewis acid-base complexed of BH₃ and BF₃, and (2) hydrogen bond formation in the reaction: FH + Fˉ → FHFˉ.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Shell Effects in the Nuclear Deformation Energy

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
Although the Strutinsky method has been widely used in calculating the nuclear deformation energy, it contains various ambiguities which may affect the accuracy and reliability of the calculations. In particular, the smoothing procedure for extracting the smooth density of states used in calculating the shell correction to the deformation energy has no firm theoretical basis. As a means of testing this smoothing procedure, an alternative method for obtaining that part of the exact density of states which depends only on the overall features of the distribution of single-particle states is proposed. This approach utilizes a high temperature expansion of the exact single-particle partition function, and it is used to calculate the shell correction for three different spectra for which the partition function is known analytically at high temperatures. The shell corrections calculated by the partition function method are compared with the corresponding results from the Strutinsky method, and they are found to be in reasonable agreement.

When the Strutinsky method is applied to potential wells of finite depth, the shell correction is found to be highly dependent on the parameters in the smoothing procedure. Lin suggested that this ambiguity might be removed by including the effects of the continuum resonances, but his calculations indicated that they are of little importance. The possible effects of the continuum on the smooth density of states are re-examined, and it is pointed out that resonances much higher in the continuum than those considered by Lin can influence the shell correction. When Lin's calculation is repeated including these higher resonances, a reasonably unique shell correction is obtained.

A third ambiguity in the Strutinsky method has been pointed out by Kelson and Shoshani, who suggest that it violates the conservation of angular momentum. They estimate that if the effects of angular momentum conservation are explicitly included, the fission barriers of superheavy nuclei may be lowered by as much as 2.5 MeV over existing calculations. An examination of the basis of the Strutinsky method shows however, that the correction as suggested by Kelson and Shoshani is inappropriate, and that for all practical purposes angular momentum conservation is properly included in the Strutinsky method.

The final chapter discusses the possible effects of shell structure in the deformation energy on the rotational bands of deformed nuclei. A two-particle rotor is taken to be a rough approximation to a deformed rotating nucleus, and for an appropriate two-body potential the rotor is shown to display backbending behaviour similar to that observed for rare-earth nuclei. This indicates that centrifugal stretching may be an important mechanism in giving rise to backbending, and the possible effects of stretching in more realistic calculations is discussed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Partially Ordered, Primitive Regular Semigroups

contributor:
Behrens, E. A.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: The theory of partially ordered, primitive regular semigroups is developed under the hypothesis that the partial order admits enough integral idempotents. This is done in analogy to the theory of partially ordered groups. In particular, results are given which -in a purely algebraic way - determine the existence of partial orders and characterize the semigroup of integral elements of a directed, primitive regular semigroup.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Partially Ordered Topological Spaces

contributor:
Choe, T. H.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
In this thesis we consider categories of partially ordered topological spaces, reflexions and coreflexions, and in particular compactifications and real compactifications.

We study projective and injective objects in some subcategories.

The category of partially ordered topological spaces being an extension of the category of topological spaces, we generalize theorems on CX of Stone and Shirota, by the introduction of the appropriate functors.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Rate-Dependent Mechanics of Superplastic Processes

contributor:
Duncan, J.L.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
Superplasticity is a hot-working phenomenon exhibited by many metallic alloys and observed above a temperature of about 40% of the absolute melting point. It is characterized by an ultra-fine grain microstructure, an unusually high rate dependence and very low resistance to deformation at low strain rates.

The plasticity theories and constitutive equations used in the analysis of secondary creep in structures are shown to be formally applicable to the study of superplastic deformation. A non-linear viscous model, with certain limitations, is employed to analyze superplastic deformation problems.

This thesis presents three separate and independent pieces of work. These problems namely; (a) analysis of post-necking geometry in tensile-forming processes, (b) creep testing of superplastic material in sheet form and (c) reverse-extrusion of rate-dependent materials, represent in the author's opinion three most important problems relating to the use of superplastic alloys in industry.

In tensile forming processes of superplastic alloys the deformation is unstable and it is shown that geometric non-uniformities develop continuously. The features of such deformation system are illustrated by the numerical analysis of initially non-uniform, tensile bars and thin-walled tubes expanded by internal pressure. Experimental results obtained from testing zinc-aluminum alloy are compared with the numerical results and satisfactory correlation is observed.

A technique is presented for obtaining creep data for superplastic sheets using a test in which a strip or indeed the whole sheet is arranged as a cantilever loaded by its own weight. Theory is given for deriving stationary creep parameters from measured deflection rates and for determining a stress, strain-rate curve using the skeletal point method. Tensile and bending creep tests were performed on superplastic zinc-aluminum sheets at room temperature and the creep data from both types of tests are compared.

In bulk forming of rate-dependent materials the load requirement are highly dependent on the forming speed. In the present work the traditional analytical method of slip-line field analysis has been extended to accommodate the extrusion of rate-sensitive materials such as superplastic alloys. The volume of the deformation zone and the effective mean strain-rate identified by the slip-line field solutions were incorporated to define a geometric factor which permits the extrusion pressure to be determined for a non-linear viscous material. Experimental results on reverse-extrusion of both as-cast and superplastic zinc-aluminum agree well with theoretical analysis.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Energy Changes in Relation to the Electronic Charge Distribution: I. Hydrogen Bond Formation. II. Rotation and Inversion Barriers. III. Hydrolysis Reactions of "High-Energy" Phosphorus Compounds

contributor:
Bader, Richard F. W.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
This thesis is an investigation into the relationship between changes in the distribution of electronic charge, brought about through some form of structural change or reaction, and the corresponding energy changes. This relationship is examined in four different applications, the first two of which involve the formation of weak to intermediate strength hydrogen bonds. The third application addresses barriers to rotation and inversion and the fourth is an investigation into the hydrolytic cleavage of the P-O-P and P-O-P linkages in "high energy" phosphate molecules. In each case, the energy changes are given in terms of the mechanical properties of the atoms using the theory of atoms in molecules and topological theory of molecular structure.

The first application is an investigation into the formation of the hydrogen bonds which result from the dimerization of formamide to its open or cyclic form. It is shown that an important factor governing the changes in the relative stabilities of the atoms on forming the dimers are the opposing flows of σ and π density through the conjugated N-C-O fragments.

The weak hydrogen bonded complexes studied in the second application include the Van der Waals complexes NeHCl, NeHF, ArHCi, ArHF and the progressively stronger interactions found in NNHCN, NNHCl, NNHF, HCNHCN, HCNCCl and HCNHF. These weak interactions, which result from the mutual penetration of the non-bonded Van der Waals radii of the H atom of the acid and the terminal base atom, involve little charge transfer between the base and the acid but do result in charge reorganization within reactants. The principal source of the molecular dipole moment enhancement is show to originate from internal polarization of the base atom in the Van der Waals complexes and from the intramolecular charge transfer which occurs between the acid and base fragments for the remaining complexes.

The weak hydrogen bonded complexes studied in the second application include the Van der Waals complexes NeHCl, NeHF, ArHCl, ArHF and the progressively stronger interactions found in NNHCN, NNHCl, NNHF, HCNHCN, HCNHCl and HCNHF. These weak interaction, which result from the mutual penetration of the non-bonded Van der Waal's radii of the J atom of the acid and the terminal base atom, involve little charge transfer between the base and the acid but do result in charge reorganization within the reactants. The principal source of the molecular dipole moment enhancement is show to originate from internal polarization of the base atom in the Van der Waals complexes and from the intramolecular charge transfer which occurs between the acid and base fragments for the remaining complexes.

The third application addresses barriers to internal rotation and inversion through the relative changes in the attractive and repulsive potential energies using the virial theorem. The rotation barriers in ethane, methanol and methylamine are found to result from an increase in the attractive potential energies in spite of a decrease in the repulsive potential energy, while just the opposite s found for the inversion barriers in NH₃. PH₃, and H₃O+ and for the barrier to bending in H₂O.

The atomic and group contributions to the overall hydrolysis reaction energies of the neutral and charged forms of diphosphoric acid, methyldiphosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate are determined in the final application. The stabilizing effects of solvation are shown to be important in the reactions which involve charge separation.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)