identifier: Peddle, Geoff <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Peddle=3AGeoff=3A=3A.html>   (1996) The Reverend Jacob Rice: Anglican ministry and preaching in early eighteenth century Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis will examine the ministry and sermons of the Rev. Jacob Rice, who served in St. John's in the early years of the eighteenth century. Chapter One will focus upon the specific religious, social and economic conditions of life in Newfoundland during the early eighteenth century, and show how the first decades of that century were not conducive for the development of religious institutions in Newfoundland. The next chapter will look at Jacob Rice's relationship with the Church of England and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, and examine his ministry in Newfoundland from his arrival in 1705 until his departure in 1712 or 1713. Chapter Three will explore both the development and practice of preaching within the Church of England as a whole, and also the approach to preaching favored by Rice. The thesis will show that the structure and style favored by Rice was consistent with that of the average Anglican preacher in the early eighteenth century. The content of his sermons, however, was evangelical in theology and directed toward a personal experience of God. The strongest pastoral concern for Jacob Rice, as evidenced from his sermons, seemed to be the need to save the souls of his flock. His urgent pleas for his listeners to repent of their sins would have been out of place among the subdued preaching favored by most Anglican preachers during his lifetime but is comprehensible within the context of his Newfoundland missionary situation. The themes of sin, repentance and conversion dominated his sermons as he expounded on the need for his listeners to turn away from their former selves and turn toward a state of living more acceptable to God. The content of the sermons of this early Newfoundland missionary suggests that Rice was an evangelical at heart who rejected the rather tepid preaching that dominated the Anglican Church during his lifetime in favor of a more enthusiastic and evangelical approach.


identifier: Power, Francis Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Power=3AFrancis_Joseph=3A=3A.html>   (1996) The preferences of gender : study of low female enrollment in high school physical education.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the reasons why many female students in the Avalon North Integrated School Board were not participating in Physical Education courses 1100, 2100, and 3100.   Nine high schools were used in the study, with a total population of 2079 students.   Of that total, 1827 students participated. The study was conducted during the 1993-1994 school year.  A questionnaire was administered to Physical Education participants and non-participants.  This population comprised male and female students, although not in equal numbers.  A review of current pertinent literature suggested a number of causes of non-participation by females in high school Physical Education courses.  The questionnaire used for the present study was designed to ascertain the significance of these causes, which have been referred to as themes for the purpose of this study.  Eleven such themes were investigated, namely, awareness of benefits, curriculum, embarrassment, facilities/equipment, few role models, hygiene factors, previous experience, social factors, teaching methodology, timetable conflicts, and gender discrimination. -- Based on the means of responses for each theme, it was shown that the strongest deterrents to enrollment for females were hygiene factors, and previous experience in Physical Education classes.


identifier: Demerling, Christina <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Demerling=3AChristina=3A=3A.html>   (2004) An investigation of finite-difference seismic modelling applied to massive sulphide exploration.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Seismic exploration is an excellent method for massive sulphide exploration because of its sensitivity to density and velocity changes. The density contrast between sulphides and host rocks is significant enough that contacts between these rock types are visible in seismic data. -- New 2D acoustic finite difference modelling was completed for this study, simulating a combination of one surface seismic and two VSP arrays over a hypothetical massive sulphide deposit. The results  from a scattering massive sulphide body in a scattering host rock have shown that added value is obtained from simultaneous recording of surface and VSP data and concurrent processing of the resulting data. For best results, pre-migration processing of the VSP data should include wavefield separation to remove downgoing energy followed by concurrent pre-stack depth migration. This study shows simultaneously recorded data from a surface and two vertical seismic profile (VSP) arrays decrease the effects of an attenuating surface low velocity layer and the irregular geometry of mineralisation. -- Examination of the imaging properties of the model space indicate that for optimal imaging results, the VSP arrays  should be placed on either side of the expected target extending at least to target depth, with the surface array crossing the target and connecting the two VSPs.


identifier: Rowe, Craig A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rowe=3ACraig_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2003) A novel 3D transition zone seismic survey, Shoal Point, Port au Port Peninsula, Newfoundland : seismic data processing and interpretation.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The west coast of Newfoundland is a region of considerable interest for petroleum exploration. Interest is focused in several specific areas, but especially in the vicinity of the Hunt et al. discovery at Port-au-Port. The primary target is the carbonate bank sequence deposited on the margin of the ancient North American continent (Laurentia) in Cambro-Ordovician time. The geological setting of this area is extremely complicated and dominated by extensive thrusting dictating that only a 3D technique could yield acceptable results. The integration of 2D land acquisition combined with a novel style of "3D" wide-angle transition zone seismic surveying allows for a different and efficient technique of seismic acquisition in shallow water. The survey was conducted in the vicinity of the PanCanadian et al. Shoal Point K-39 well. The processing challenges associated with this style of seismic acquisition fall predominantly in the realm of extremely long offset data combined with low fold coverage. The testing and application of less conventional processing techniques was essential for optimal results, and a better understanding of the geology of the area. -- The primary goal was to develop a better understanding of the complex geology of the area. The objective is to create a 3D surficial map of the Ordovician carbonate platform using the 3D seismic data. Detailed processing followed by careful consideration of surrounding pre-existing seismic surveys aided in the final interpretation of the stacked 3D dataset and creation of 3D surface maps. -- Overall the final sections and 3D surfaces compare favorably with the drilling results and surrounding seismic therefore meeting the project objectives and desired goals.


identifier: Bennett, Venessa Rose Charlene <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bennett=3AVenessa_Rose_Charlene=3A=3A.html>   (2006) A multidisciplinary investigation of the formation, growth and evolution of Neoarchean crust, Snare River terrane: southwestern Slave Province.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The hypothesis that Neoarchean crust (~ 3.0 - 2.5 Ga) is the expression of a global thermotectonic event that led to cratonization of crustal nuclei and the transition to a 'modern' style of plate tectonic processes is tested through a multidisciplinary study of the Snare River terrane, a ca. 2.67-2.56 Ga crustal fragment in the southwestern Slave Province. Integration of datasets defining the temporal, geochemical, architectural and thermal evolution reveals crust formation was initiated in an oceanic tectonic regime (TR1) and terminated with collision with an older Mesoarchean crustal fragment (TR2). -- U-Pb zircon crystallization ages for thirteen intrusive units provide tight constraints on the timing of crust formation and orogenic evolution. Seven metaluminous plutons were emplaced over ca. 90 M.y. from ca. 2674-2589 Ma, whereas six peraluminous plutons were emplaced over ca. 15 M.y. from ca. 2598-2585 Ma. Collectively they define four stages of crustal development: (i) 2674-2635 Ma — proto-arc formation and early turbidite sedimentation; (ii) 2635-2608 Ma —juxtaposition of turbidites and proto-arc; (iii) 2608-2597 Ma — collision of proto-arc with Central Slave Basement Complex, crustal thickening, metamorphism and plutonism; and (iv) 2597-2586 Ma — orogenic collapse and mid-crustal exhumation. -- Deformation histories of low- and high-grade domains illustrate younging of structural age with paleodepth and a progression from steep structures in the upper crust to gently-dipping structures in the mid crust due to diachronous polyphase deformation. A migmatitic transition zone is characterized by structural elements from both crustal levels. The proposed tectonic model involves: (i) protracted thin-skinned shortening (DI); (ii) crustal thickening by nappe tectonics and orogenic plutonism (D2); and (iii) post-orogenic collapse and mid-crustal exhumation (D3). -- Geochemical and Nd isotopic data for magmatic units support initiation of crust formation by plume-related mafic magmatism, evolution to a protoarc by subcretion, and establishment of subduction magmatism. Protoarc-continent collision heralded emplacement of sanukitoid, metaluminous and peraluminous suites, whereas only sanukitoid and peraluminous magmatism accompanied orogenic collapse. Mantle-melting events demarcate the four stages of crustal evolution, implying linkage between crustal and mantle tectonics, and a time-space analysis demonstrates that the oldest magmas occur in the upper crust and younger syn-orogenic magmas intruded at mid-crustal levels. -- Ages of inherited zircon cores are used to isotopically profile Neoarchean crustal evolution. The datasets illustrate that metaluminous and peraluminous magmas were derived from discrete lower- and mid-crustal reservoirs at different times. Secular changes in inherited zircon in metaluminous magmas fingerprint lower crustal growth from both 'local' magmatic additions and intercalated 'exotic' material, and the absence of Mesoarchean inherited cores in metaluminous magmas indicates crust formation was distal from the Central Slave Basement Complex. With respect to peraluminous magmas, the similarity between their inheritance profiles and detrital zircon spectra confirm metaturbidites as the source for peraluminous magmatism. -- Zircon saturation thermometry is used to constrain the thermal contributions of magmas to the crustal heat budget, after refinement of the raw data using whole-rock geochemistry, BSE imaging and petrographic analysis. Results, confirmed by independent metamorphic data, reveal moderate-temperature magmatism during crustal growth, both low-temperature H₂O-rich and high-temperature H₂O-poor magmatism during the orogenic phase, and low-temperature magmatism in the post-orogenic stage. Low-temperature plutons emplaced into the upper crust did not significantly affect the existing thermal regime, whereas high-temperature plutons in the mid crust provided the principal heat source for metamorphism. -- Recognition of mid- and upper-crustal levels separated by a transition zone has permitted reconstruction of a 'crustal stratigraphy' that exhibits: (i) depth-dependent magmatic growth, (ii) compositional zonation; (iii) secular magmatic evolution; (iv) metamorphic zonation, and (v) diachronous polyphase deformation. Collectively, these results demonstrate intimate feedback between crustal levels and the interplay among magmatism, sedimentation, metamorphism and deformation in crustal evolution. Neoarchean crustal growth in the Snare Rive terrane was characterized by a prolonged period of lateral accretion in an oceanic realm (TR1), followed by rapid crustal thickening during accretion of the oceanic terranes to the Central Slave Basement Complex (TR2). Thus a primary control on the Neoarchean crustal evolution was the presence of a Mesoarchean nucleus around which cratonization occurred.


identifier: Gouthro, Gerard <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gouthro=3AGerard=3A=3A.html>   (1995) "Peacekeeping when there is no peace to keep" : A case study of UNPROFOR in Bosnia-Herzegovina.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: As the Cold War drew to a close during the late 1980s, United Nations' peacekeeping dramatically expanded with respect to both the number of missions and the duties it performed. Post Cold-War era peacekeeping is controversial. Advocates and critics of this new generation of peacekeeping disagree as to whether the consequences of individual missions are positive or negative. This thesis addresses the above debate. -- The present study analyzes the origins, political support, mandate, financing, and the planning and implementation of the UN peacekeeping operation in Bosnia-Herzegovina. By focusing on these factors, this case study attempts to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The thesis focuses upon the development of the UNPROFOR mission from its beginning until December 31, 1994. The author's conclusion is that despite the obstacles and dilemmas facing the UN mission, the peacekeepers can be viewed as making a positive difference in the conflict. The author also concludes that peacekeepers are only part of the solution to the Bosnian conflict and that a settlement lies outside the sphere of UNPROFOR's mandate. Before undertaking the UNPROFOR case study, both the history and the development of peacekeeping are reviewed to provide a better understanding of what peacekeeping is and how it has changed since the end of the Cold War. The part of the thesis title which appears within quotation marks is taken from a presentation made by retired Canadian Armed Forces Major-General Lewis MacKenzie on the CBC television program, Witness.


identifier: Trahey, John A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Trahey=3AJohn_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Development and destruction in downtown St. John's: the embodiment of cultural values in architecture, a case study of urban development and heritage preservation in St. John's, Newfoundland, 1977-1997.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Architecture is often interpreted as a reflection of the cultural values of the society that produced it (Gloag, 1975; King, 1980; Meinig, 1979; Penning-Rowsell and Lowenthal, 1986). Change in the architecture of the townscape is seen as indicative of change in the cultural  constitution of a society. This study seeks to answer the question: What cultural values are embodied in the architecture of St. John's, Newfoundland - specifically, in the architectural changes evident in the construction of large-scale commercial architecture in downtown St. John's in the period 1977 to 1997. This most dramatic recent change in the townscape of St. John's is characterized by two main physical results- development and destruction - as represented by the advent of large-scale commercial architecture and the concurrent complement of vacant sites and parking lots. -- The starting point of this study is the present state of the townscape - the physical reality of the city. In order to gain an understanding of the cultural values underlying this physical reality, the decisions made leading to that present state, and the context in which they were made, are examined. Through this study an attempt is made to read the physical reality of the city to determine what cultural values may be embodied therein. This is done through an examination of the case study sites of development and non-development in downtown St. John's in the time period given. Data, in the form of interviews and documentary sources, relating to the case study sites, were collected and compiled in case study reports. These case studies were then analyzed with a view to identifying the influences, motivations, and constraints affecting the decisions made about building and the context in which those decisions were made. Frequently recurring themes were identified, and the implications of those themes interpreted as to their importance with respect to the cultural values these decisions reflect. -- On the basis of this research, it is concluded that a predilection for the new over the preservation of the past is demonstrated through the case study sites of development and non-development in downtown St. John's. The primacy of progress, as identified with new development, is evident through the histories of the case study sites examined, taken together and in context.
The debates over development that emerged during this period were resolved in favour of development, despite the opposition of those advocating the preservation of older architecture. It is concluded that the primacy of progress represents a cultural value that is embodied in the architecture of St. John's as examined in this study.


identifier: Davis, Laurence H. M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Davis=3ALaurence_H=2E_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Allostratigraphic interpretation of a modern coarse clastic barrier complex: depositional facies, processes and relative sea level relationships.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis presents an allostratigraphic and facies interpretation of the modern coarse clastic Flat Island barrier complex, situated on the tectonically-structured southern margin of St. George's Bay, western Newfoundland, Canada. The study is based on an integrated  geological, geophysical and oceanographic dataset, including aerial photography, multibeam sonar bathymetry data, shallow reflection seismic data, seabed samples, seabed video, wave and current measurements, cores, and pit and outcrop observations. -- The Flat Island barrier complex evolved under the influence of a cyclic relative sea level regime associated with post-glacial eustatic sea level rise and superimposed isostatic uplift. The stratal architecture of the barrier complex reflects the interrelationships of eustatic rise, isostatic uplift, basin physiography, and local sediment supply variations. The barrier complex comprises a four-part stratigraphic succession (Units A - D) delineated by key bounding discontinuities (BD1 - BD5). -- The lower-most marine allostratigraphic unit (A) consists of aggradational, fine-grained glaciomarine sediments deposited during late-glacial ice recession, which was accompanied by marine onlap of isostatically depressed terrain. Unit A is bounded below and above by "initial" and "maximum" transgressive surfaces, respectively (bounding discontinuities BD1 and BD2). -- Maximum coastal onlap (~13.5 kyBP) was followed by forced regression, as isostatic uplift ensued and exceeded the rate of ongoing eustatic sea level rise. Forced regression led to the development of a subaerial unconformity (BD3) as fluvial channel systems sought progressively lower base levels, locally incising the maximum transgressive surface (BD2). -- Isolated delta bodies (Unit B), graded to (present-day) elevations of approximately +26m to -25m, are interpreted as accretionary forced regression deposits. Delta growth occurred during periods of slow forced regression (possibly related to eustatic pulses), accompanied by high rates of glacio-fluvial sediment supply. The subaerial unconformity (BD3) truncates and incises the top of Unit B delta deposits, which downlap the marine maximum transgressive surface (BD2). -- A "lowstand-stillstand" occurred as the rate of isostatic rebound diminished and became equal to the rate of eustatic sea level rise (~9.5 kyBP). The subaerial unconformity (and correlative conformity) at lowest base level are overlain by aggraded fluvial channel fill and delta front deposits (Unit C). Unit C displays stratigraphically climbing delta front clinoforms, consistent with normal regression during stable to rising relative sea level. The Unit C deposits are interpreted to mark the turnover from relative sea level "fall" to relative "rise". The top of Unit C defines a maximum regressive surface (BD4). -- A regional transgressive surface (BD5) developed as Holocene eustatic sea level rise became dominant, and is characterized by widespread shoreline and wave base ravinement, with erosion of up to 20m of vertical section. Below present sea level, preserved elements of the subaerial unconformity (BD3) are restricted to deeply incised channel systems. -- High rates of littoral sediment supply combined with favourable basin margin physiography promoted the formation and seaward progradation of the modem barrier - shoreface complex (Unit D) during regional relative sea level rise. Shoreface progradation beyond the (pre-existing) slope margin results in ongoing, episodic retrogressive slumping and turbidity flows. Hydrodynamic monitoring and modeling indicate that sediment transport on the barrier shoreface is storm-driven, and dominated by high magnitude, low frequency events occurring at quasi-decadal time scales. -- Conglomeratic barrier deposits overlying the sandy shoreface sediments consist of discordant sets of aggradational to progradational beach ridges with intervening tidal swales, and local washovers. The barrier fronts an estuarine embayment that is being progressively infilled by overwash and bayhead delta sediments. Flat Island barrier is responding to ongoing regional transgression through processes of episodic shoreline erosion, lateral accretion, washover, and in-place drowning. -- This thesis research was motivated by the challenges faced by academic and industry researchers when attempting to interpret the genetic origins and depositional environments of ancient marginal marine coarse clastics. The study provides valuable insights regarding coarse clastic facies architecture, depositional processes, and relative sea level relationships.


identifier: Tettelaar, Tanya Anne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Tettelaar=3ATanya_Anne=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Emplacement history of the Pearly Gates anorthosite pluton and spatially related Tessiarsuyungoakh intrusion, and metamorphic petrology of the adjacent Tasiuyak paragneiss, northern Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite consists of anorthositic and granitic intrusions, which were emplaced along an older suture zone marked by the Torngat Orogen in northern Labrador. This study concerns the western margin of the Nain Plutonic Suite where the Pearly Gates Anorthosite pluton and spatially related Tessiarsuyungoakh intrusion, and the Makhavinekh Lake pluton, were intruded into the Paleoproterozoic Tasiuyak paragneiss of the Southeastern Churchill Province. Detailed geological mapping, petrography and U-Pb Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry dating of zircon and baddeleyite of the Pearly Gates Anorthosite pluton and Tessiarsuyungoakh intrusion were used to ascertain the mode of emplacement and crystallization ages of the major intrusive units. In addition, studies of the Paleoproterozoic regional metamorphism and Mesoproterozoic contact metamorphism of the Tasiuyak paragneiss were performed using the NaKFMASH petrogenetic grid to determine P-T conditions. The results of this thesis project indicate the following geological history of the study area. -- The Tasiuyak paragneiss contains evidence of the Paleoproterozoic regional metamorphic mineral sub-assemblage garnet + biotite + sillimanite. Detailed petrography of this sub-assemblage indicated that the prograde and retrograde history of this unit occurred within the sillimanite stability field and peak P-T conditions were constrained in the range of 7.2 to 10.2 kbar and 800° to 830°C. Prior to ca. 1363 Ma, reactivation of structures in the paragneiss provided fractures into which monzonitic and monzodioritic magmas intruded as sheets. The 1363 ± 3 Ma monzonite and 1360 ± 4 Ma monzodiorite formed the composite Tessiarsuyungoakh intrusion. This intrusion produced a small (< 20 m) contact aureole in the Tasiuyak paragneiss. Incipient development of the contact metamorphic sub-assemblage cordierite + orthopyroxene + spinel replaced the regional sub-assemblage of garnet + biotite + sillimanite. This suggests that the Tessiarsuyungoakh intrusion was a small body with a short-lived emplacement and crystallization history. The P-T estimate of this contact aureole is between 3 and 4 kbar and 775° and 800°C. -- Prismatic zircons included in plagioclase crystals from the Pearly Gates Anorthosite pluton yielded a maximum concordant crystallization age of 1370 ± 5 Ma. These crystals are interpreted as having formed at depth at ca. 1370 Ma, prior to emplacement at a mid-crustal level. The earliest evidence of anorthosite emplacement is a relatively undeformed anorthosite body, herein called the Fraser Canyon Anorthosite, which intruded into the Tessiarsuyungoakh intrusion at 1355 ± 1.3 Ma. It is unknown if the Fraser Canyon Anorthosite is a part of the Pearly Gates Anorthosite pluton, however, both have similar characteristics such as an inner zone of massive anorthosite and an outer zone of layers of anorthosite and norite. The outer zone is interpreted as having crystallized relatively fast and the inner zone as having cooled relatively slowly. During crystallization of the outer zone, syn-emplacement deformation occurred along the contact between the Tessiarsuyungoakh intrusion and Pearly Gates Anorthosite pluton. Anhedral zircon fragments from the Pearly Gates Anorthosite pluton yielded an age of 1335 +7/-3 Ma, of which the uppermost error limit of 1342 Ma is interpreted as approximating the final crystallization age of the pluton. Norite bodies that intruded the Pearly Gates Anorthosite pluton at ca. 1340 Ma are undeformed and indicate that the anorthosite had completely crystallized and deformation had ceased by this time. -- At ca. 1322 Ma, the Makhavinekh Lake pluton intruded into the Tasiuyak paragneiss and produced a contact aureole 4 km wide with cordierite + orthopyroxene + spinel replacing regional garnet + biotite + sillimanite. The temperature gradient along this aureole ranged from 675°C at the 4 km limit of the contact aureole, to at least 850°C at the contact with the pluton, and isobaric conditions were between 3 to 4 kbar.


identifier: Cakiroglu, Ayse Idil <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cakiroglu=3AAyse_Idil=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Distribution of mollusc assemblages in the surface sediments of the Black Sea, Marmara Sea and Aegean Sea.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The Marmara Sea Gateway connects the hypersaline (<36 [per thousand]) Aegean Sea and the low-salinity (∼17-22 [per thousand]) Black Sea through the Straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles and the landlocked Marmara Sea. This gateway forms a natural laboratory in which to study the effects of climate change, sea-level fluctuations and water-mass exchange between small basins. -- Surface sediment samples were collected from 137 stations across six transects in the Black Sea, the Marmara Sea and the Aegean Sea. At each station grab samples and CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) measurements were also collected. -- In the Marmara Sea, CTD data revealed the presence of a low salinity surface water mass representing Black Sea outflow and a high salinity deeper water mass, separated by a sharp mixing zone. Across the Southwestern Black Sea shelf the CTD data showed the presence of 3 water masses: (1) a low salinity surface water mass extended down to 10 m; (2) a low salinity, but colder water mass occupies water depth below 40 m; (3) and a higher salinity Mediterranean water occurs between these two water masses. In the Aegean Sea CTD data revealed a relatively low salinity Black Sea outflow water mass at the surface, and high salinity water mass at the bottom separated by a mixing zone. -- The mollusc shells from grab samples were identified using a number of taxonomic keys and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in order to investigate the relationship between the community structure and the environment. The mollusc absence and presence data in quadrats was used to delineate seven different mollusc assemblages, with each assemblage representing a distinct set of environmental conditions. Principal component analysis was used to constrain mollusc faunal assemblages and their relationship to environmental variables. Seven hypothetical faunal assemblages and three hypothetical environmental variables were extracted, explaining 73.9 % and 73.8 % of the variance in the faunal and environmental data, respectively. Cross-plots of scores for the major faunal and environmental components revealed empirical relationships between the three oceanographically different seas. The separation of the Black Sea from the Marmara Sea and the Aegean Sea assemblages was found in the cross-plot of Faunal Component 1 versus Environmental Component 1. The separation from the Marmara Sea to the Aegean Sea was found in the cross-plots of Faunal Component 1 versus Environmental Component 3 and Faunal Component 4 versus Environmental Component 3.
Mollusc shells were also identified and counted in a ∼8 m long piston core recovered from the SW Black Sea shelf. Visual inspection of the data revealed four distinct faunal assemblages in the core. To test the validity of using the principal components determined from the surface samples to deduce past environments in a core, the same mollusc species found both in the surface samples and core units/subunits were used to calculate faunal scores for each unit/subunit. Principal components scores for units/subunits provided little basis for making strong interpretations about the changing paleoenvironment. Because only five species that were used in the principal component analysis on surface samples were present in the core MAR 02-45P.


identifier: Noseworthy, Dianne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Noseworthy=3ADianne=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Depositional evolution and structural synthesis of the B marker (limestone) member, Whiterose formation, Jeanne d'Arc, offshore Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The discrepancy in the correlation of lithostratigraphy and seismic stratigraphy of the B Marker (limestone) Member on the eastern flank of the Hibernia oilfield is studied using available 3d seismic profiles and the log data from 16 wells across the Jeanne d'Arc Basin. Unlike the previous studies which suggested that the B Marker was deposited as a time synchronous lithology across basin, detailed seismic stratigraphic and well analysis revealed that the marker was in fact deposited as a mildly diachronous unit. Four seismic traces (S1-S4) are recognized within the stratigraphic range of the proposed B Marker seismic event. A Carbonate Ramp Facies Model is proposed, incorporating these traces, for the basin-wide sedimentation of the B Marker which explains in a precise manner, the notable lithological variations of the marker in various exploration wells across the Jeanne d'Arc Basin. The B Marker was deposited during a relative rise of base level within the basin, coincident with a rise of global sea level during the Valanginian. This deposition is summarized by four discrete events (S1-S4). S1 marks the end of a phase of regression in the basin, and beginning of a transgressive phase of marine deposition. Limestone deposited during S1 was confined to a narrow E-W trending belt in the northern portion of the basin. During S2 landward migration of the shoreline southward, caused the deposition of shale over a wider E-W trending belt of limestone in the north. During S3 a very broad E-W trending belt of oolitic limestone blanketed the southern shallow shelf, and shingled above thin-bedded limestones (in S1 and S2). This geometry is interpreted as a subtle depositional hinge zone, which migrated south because of the stick slip on a master fault and uplift on structural culminations in the southern areas of the basin. This resulted in the lateral gradation of B Marker limestone into sandstone further north, during ensuing transgression from S1 to S3. S4 marks the peak of transgression within the basin, and in the widest coverage of the deeper shelf across basin.


identifier: Solvason, Krista <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Solvason=3AKrista=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Crustal structure and formation of the southeast Newfoundland continental margin.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The discrepancy in the correlation of lithostratigraphy and seismic stratigraphy ofthe B Marker (limestone) Member on the eastem flank ofthe Hibemia oilfield is studied using available 3d seismic profiles and the log data fi-om 16 wells across the Jeanne d'Arc Basin. Unlike the previous studies which suggested that the B Marker was deposited as a time synchronous lithology across basin, detailed seismic stratigraphic and well analysis revealed that the marker was in fact deposited as a mildly diachronous unit. Four seismic traces (S1-S4) are recognized within the stratigraphic range ofthe proposed B Marker seismic event. A Carbonate Ramp Facies Model is proposed, incorporating these traces, for the basin-wide sedimentation ofthe B Marker which explains in a precise manner, the notable lithological variations ofthe marker in various exploration wells across the Jeanne d'Arc Basin. The B Marker was deposited during a relative rise of base level within the basin, coincident with a rise of global sea level during the Valanginian. This deposition is summarized by four discrete events (S1-S4). S1 marks the end of a phase of regression in the basin, and beginning of a transgressive phase of marine deposition. Limestone deposited during S1 was confined to a narrow E-W trending belt in the northem portion ofthe basin. During S2 landward migration ofthe shoreline southward, caused the deposition of shale over a wider E-W trending belt of limestone in the north. During S3 a very broad E-W trending belt of oolitic limestone blanketed the southem shallow shelf, and shingled above thin-bedded limestones (in S1 and S2). This geometry is interpreted as a subtle depositional hinge zone, which migrated south because ofthe stick slip on a master fault and uplift on stmctural culminations in the southem areas ofthe basin. This resulted in the lateral gradation of B Marker limestone into sandstone fiirther north, during ensuing transgression fi*om S1 to S3. S4 marks the peak of transgression within the basin, and in the widest coverage ofthe deeper shelf across basin.


identifier: Moffat, Lucky <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Moffat=3ALucky=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Location of sub-fresnel scale mineral targets in the subsurface.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: With the decline of already discovered and exploited shallow mineral deposits, the mining industry is intent on finding new techniques that could explore deeper but still be cost-effective. One method that has been considered is the seismic reflection technique which has been very successful in the petroleum industry. This thesis examines one approach, seismic beamforming, which can be used in conjunction with the seismic reflection technique for the direct location of massive sulfide bodies. Implementation of the technique could prove successful in reducing exploration costs.  -- Beamforming can be used to extract a variety of information about a target (e.g. range, angle of emergence, temporal frequency content, power) from a propagating signal. This thesis studies the use of the angle of emergence of wavefronts propagating across a linear array of seismic receivers to assist in location of the wavefront source. The angles are back-projected to a common point which represents the point source or scatterer located at the far-field of the receiver array.  -- A simple conventional beamformer is designed and tested on data generated from four different geometries of a linear array of receivers and a single source of seismic energy. The intersection of back-projected rays is not tight enough for all four cases but on using a distance-weighting scheme the location of the scatterers is satisfactorily estimated. A number of performance measures are carried out on the beamformer to determine its effectiveness. The beamformer is tested on data subjected to different noise fields, on data decimated in the spatial domain and on data obtained from a geometry that includes the presence of two scatterers which are more than a Fresnel zone apart. The results indicate that the beamformer is able to localize a scatterer when the data has a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 5 dB. The results also show that spatial decimation of the data has no adverse effect on location estimates. However, to achieve desired beam steering resolution, the data need to be interpolated with more spatial points in the beamformer. The beamformer is not able to distinguish between two scatterers in its vicinity when the source is at a point directly between them. But it is able to detect the two scatterers when the source is moved to a point on the other side of either scatterer.  -- One main issue that affects the reliability of location estimates is the way the angle of emergence is picked. The angles are handpicked and this has the potential of introducing bias in the estimates which could then affect the overall performance of the beamformer. A computer code can be written to automatically pick these angles. This would improve location estimates and may eliminate the need to use the distance-weighting scheme used in the investigations.  -- Overall, the results obtained show that if correctly implemented, seismic beamforming together with reflection seismic can serve as a cost-effective method for the location of mineral deposits.


identifier: Pollock, Jeffrey Charles <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pollock=3AJeffrey_Charles=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Geology and paleotectonic history of the Tally Pond Group, Dunnage Zone, Newfoundland Appalachians: an integrated geochemical, geochronological, metallogenic and isotopic study of a Cambrian island arc along the peri-Gondwanan margin of Iapetus.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Cambro-Ordovician Victoria Lake Supergroup lies within the Exploits Subzone of the Newfoundland Appalachians and consists of felsic volcanic rocks with lesser amounts of mafic pillow lava, mafic and felsic pyroclastic rocks, chert, greywacke and shale. The group is a composite and structurally complex assemblage of volcanic, volcaniclastic, and epiclastic rocks which formed in a variety of island-arc, rifted arc, back-arc and mature-arc settings. It is divisible into several separate volcanic terranes that include the Tulks and Tally Pond belts. -- The Tally Pond Group comprises Cambrian island-arc felsic pyroclastic rocks with intercalated mafic volcanic rocks and epiclastic volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The group hosts numerous volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits including the Duck Pond and Boundary deposits, the largest undeveloped VMS deposits in the Victoria Lake Supergroup. In the area of the Duck Pond deposit these rocks form two structurally juxtaposed sequences, the Upper block and the Mineralized block which form a structural window through an overthrust package of Ordovician sedimentary rocks. -- 1:50 000 scale mapping and geochemical studies in the Tally Pond area have resulted in new interpretations of the local geology and a redefinition of the Tally Pond belt. The Tally Pond belt is now elevated to group status, composed of four distinct rock formations comprising Cambrian island arc felsic pyroclastic rocks with intercalated mafic volcanic rocks and epiclastic volcanic and sedimentary rocks. -- The oldest rocks in the study area are arc plutonic rocks of the Crippleback Lake Quartz Monzonite which forms the original basement to theTally Pond Group. The Lake Ambrose Formation is a sequence of dominantly mafic volcanic rocks comprised of vesicular and amygdaloidal, generally pillowed, flows and mafic to andesitic tuff, agglomerate and breccia that were unconformably deposited upon the Crippleback Lake Quartz Monzonite. The mafic volcanic rocks are intercalated with felsic volcanic rocks of the Boundary Brook Formation that consist of flow banded and massive rhyolite, felsic breccia, lapilli tuffs and quartz porphyry. Both of these rock units were intruded by small stocks and dykes of quartz porphyritic rhyodacite that may be coeval with the volcanic rocks in places. -- An extensive unit of black shale melange is in tectonic contact with the volcanic rocks of the Tally Pond Group. The melange consists of volcanic and sedimentary clasts set in a matrix of fine-grained black shale. The melange unit is also in contact with a volcaniclastic and epiclastic sequence of sedimentary rocks, the Bumt Pond Formation. This unit is dominated by greywacke and conglomerate containing volcanic detritus interpreted to be derived from the adjacent and underlying volcanic rocks. Dykes, stocks, and small plutons of medium-grained gabbroic-dioritic rocks intrude all of the rocks of the Tally Pond Group. -- The youngest rocks in the study area are conglomerates and coarse-grained sandstones of the Rogerson Lake Conglomerate. The unit was deposited during the Silurian and contains volcanic clasts from the underlying volcanic sequences of the Tulks belt and Tally Pond Group. -- Geochemical analysis indicates that the volcanic rocks of the Tally Pond belt are bimodal, with geochemical affinities consistent with a volcanic arc paleotectonic environment. Mafic rocks vary from sub-alkalic basalts to basaltic-andesites, consistently exhibit an arc signature, and are depleted arc tholeiites with moderate LREE enrichments. The felsic rocks are rhyolite to rhyodacite, are variably LREE-enriched island arc rocks, and are tholeiitic in nature; however, some have transitional to slight calc-alkaline affinities. Subalkalic gabbro and diorite intrusions are transitional in nature and exhibit LREE enrichment relative to the MREE and HREE. The altered footwall felsic rocks that lie beneath the Duck Pond VMS deposit exhibit REE depletions of different magnitudes; Eu being depleted in all of the altered samples to varying degrees. The hanging wall felsic rocks do not define a fractionation trend with the mafic varieties and the two sequences are not genetically related. -- The U-Pb geochronological data for a quartz crystal tuff indicate that the volcanic succession of the Boundary Brook Formation is confined to an age of 509 Ma. These data coupled with field relationships, confirm that the main episode of felsic volcanism in the Tally Pond Group is Middle Cambrian. The 465 Ma age for the Harpoon Gabbro indicates that the mafic intrusions in the Tally Pond Group are Ordovician and therefore much older than previously thought, as they were considered to be Silurian-Devonian. This Ordovician age represents the youngest magmatism recognized in the Tally Pond Group and is comparable to similar Arenig-Llanvim ages from the Red Indian Lake area. The age of the Harpoon Gabbro temporally correlates with other Early and Mid- Ordovician arc sequences in the Exploits Subzone, namely the Wild Bight and Exploits groups. -- Chemical compositions of the alteration minerals chlorite, sericite and carbonate are quite variable in the samples analyzed from the Duck Pond deposit. Chlorites from the Duck Pond deposit contain a broad range of Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios and atomic Si concentrations. Those from the chaotic carbonate alteration zone have a restricted Si content and have Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios typical of high Mg chlorites. Chlorites from the feeder pipe to the Duck Pond deposit contain the highest atomic Si amounts and have intermediate Fe and Mg contents. The most ferroan-rich chlorites are those from the altered rhyolite rocks of the hanging-wall to the Duck Pond deposit. Sericites from the Duck Pond deposit are all classified as muscovite with little variation in composition. Carbonates from the Duck Pond deposit are dominantly dolomite with small compositional variations between the samples from the different alteration zones. -- Geochronological data from the Rogerson Lake Conglomerate indicate that the age spectra in these rocks is dominated by Paleozoic zircons with minor Mesoproterozoic input. A large majority (-50%) of zircons from samples of the Rogerson Lake Conglomerate have Paleozoic ages of between 420 and 550 Ma; however the majority of these grains have ages in the 490-540 Ma range. These ages correspond well with the ages of Exploits arc/backarc volcanic sequences in the Victoria Lake Supergroup that are unconformably beneath the Rogerson Lake Conglomerate. The conglomerate detritus also contains zircon populations that are Ordovician, approximately 440-480 Ma. The source of these grains is most likely the adjacent rocks of the Notre Dame arc. -- A minor quantity of zircons from Laurentian basement were identified in the Rogerson Lake Conglomerate. Neoproterozoic age groups (890, 1030 and 1250 Ma) correspond with rocks of the Grenville Orogen, while the Middle Mesoproterozoic ages (ca. 1500) are correlated with basement gneisses of the Grenville Orogen that are currently exposed in westem Newfoundland. The high proportion of Paleozoic zircons relative to Proterozoic grains is presumably the result of Middle Ordovician exhumation of the Notre Dame arc and its subsequent collision and accretion to Laurentia. -- Lead isotope data from the Tally Pond belt show a very small variation in ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴ Pb ratios and are relatively more radiogenic than other VMS deposits in Newfoundland. The lead isotope data for the Tally Pond belt define three groups, 1) a primitive group; 2) a slightly more radiogenic group; and 3) a much more radiogenic group. The relatively more radiogenic lead ratios are found in the deep sections of the Upper Duck lens and may indicate the influence of a continental lead source in the initial hydrothermal ore system, followed by introduction of more mantle-derived lead when the fluid system became better developed. The high levels of the Upper Duck lens contain less radiogenic lead, which is almost certainly derived from a mantle source. Comparison with VMS deposits elsewhere in the Dunnage Zone indicate that there are two general groups of deposits: a primitive group in the Notre Dame Subzone, and a relatively more radiogenic group represented by deposits in the Exploits Subzone. Deposits in the Notre Dame Subzone were influenced by lead that evolved from the Laurentian margin while those in the Exploits Subzone appear to have been influenced by Gondwanan continental crust. -- Sulphides for the Tally Pond belt in the area surrounding the Duck Pond and Boundary deposits are characterized by a wide range of δ³⁴S values (-17 to +13), representing sulphur from a variety of potential sources. Sulphide minerals hosted by mafic volcanic rocks from the Upper block of the Duck Pond Deposit, from the South Moose Pond zone, and from a mafic intrusion in the Upper block contain sulphur isotope values that fall within the range of igneous rocks with a mantle origin. This suggests that the sulphides in the mafic volcanic rocks were derived from reduced sulphur from a deep-seated magmatic source.  -- Sulphide minerals from the Mineralized block of the Duck Pond Deposit consist of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite and are hosted by altered rhyodacitic flows, intensely chlorite altered feeder zones, and the massive sulphide lens. The felsic ash-tuff hosted Boundary Deposit has sulphur isotope ratios (+10 to +13) that are slightly higher than those of the Duck Pond Deposit (+5 to +11). Both the Duck Pond and Boundary deposits have sulphur isotope ratios that are higher than the normal mantle value for igneous rocks and show a shift towards a seawater sulphate value. The sulphur in these deposits is most likely derived from inorganic high-temperature reduction of seawater sulphate. -- The lowest δ³⁴S values (-17 to -13) are from sediment-hosted pyrite in the Upper block of the Duck Pond Deposit, while slightly higher δ³⁴S values of-7 and -8 [per thousand] are from the North Moose Pond area, located northeast of the Duck Pond Deposit. The sulphur in these sedimentary-hosted samples are interpreted to result from biogenic reduction of seawater sulphate.


identifier: Gaskill, Owen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gaskill=3AOwen=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Geology of the 1.33-1.32 G Barth Island Ring Complex, near Nain, Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The ca. 40 km²  Barth Island Ring Complex comprises spatially associated, concentric sheets of leucotroctolite, leuconorite, ferrogabbroid, and monzonite. The ring complex is a part of the ca. 1.36 - 1.29 Ga Nain Batholith, a typical Proterozoic massif- type anorthosite complex located in northern Labrador, Canada. Unlike most anorthosites in the Grenville Province to the south, the Nain Batholith (NB) was not involved in regional ductile deformation and therefore offers an excellent opportunity to probe the problem of the formation of Proterozoic massif-type anorthosites. The Barth Island Ring Complex contains, in close proximity, some of the distinctive rock types of massif-type anorthosite complexes. The ring complex therefore provides an ideal opportunity for study of the 'anorthosite problem'. -- Previous workers had considered the ring complex to be the result of closed- system differentiation of a single pulse of magma in a single chamber. However, mapping at a scale of 1:20 000 has resulted in a reappraisal of the mechanisms of formation and magmatic history of the Barth Island Ring Complex. Field relationships demonstrate an intrusive relationship between all the major rock types, although there is abundant evidence of the contemporaneity of the ferrogabbroid and monzonite. Based on the presence of well-preserved cumulate textures and modal layering, the leucotroctolite appears to have crystallized more slowly than the other units and to have differentiated in situ to some degree. The latter interpretation is supported by an upward transition from leucotroctolite into more Fe-rich leuconorite. Monzonite is interpreted to have been emplaced before ferrogabbroid, based on the presence of features such as dyke-like bodies of ferrogabbroid within monzonite. Evidence for hybridization of the ferrogabbroid and monzonite is present in many locations. Field evidence suggests the leucotroctolite was emplaced before the ferrogabbroid and monzonite. An outer unit of leuconorite postdates all the other rock types. -- U-Pb ages were obtained by Thermal lonisation Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) from zircon in ferrogabbroid and leuconorite, and from zircon and baddeleyite in leucotroctolite. The ferrogabbroid age of ca. 1317 Ma is within error of previously published values of ca. 1320 Ma for monzonite of the Barth Island Ring Complex, and therefore supports the field evidence of contemporaneity of the ferrogabbroid and monzonite. U-Pb data obtained for zircon and some baddeleyite from the leucotroctolite, and zircon from the leuconorite, gave an age of ca. 1332 Ma. One population of baddeleyite grains gave an age of 1318 ±10 Ma, in disagreement with zircon from the same sample of leucotroctolite. The petrographic association of zircon with late-stage minerals such as magnetite and biotite strongly suggests that the zircon was not inherited, and it is therefore suggested that the U-Pb system of the ostensibly younger baddeleyite was disturbed during a heating event. This event could be associated with the intrusion of monzonite and ferrogabbroid at ca. 1318 Ma. Petrographic evidence for pervasive recrystallization at the margin of the troctolite may provide corroborating evidence, though it is possible that the observed textures are due instead to auto-annealing. -- Trace element geochemical and Nd isotopic data are presented. Good first- order evidence exists for a genetic link between the leucotroctolite and leuconorite, so the leuconorite's overall lower abundances of most incompatible trace elements must be explained by AFC processes or differences in phase proportions. The monzonite and ferrogabbroid have similar trace element abundances. A broad spectrum of negative εNd values (from -4 for one troctolite to -11.8 for one ferrogabbroid) suggests crustal influence on the major rock types of the ring complex was heterogeneous. -- The leucotroctolite and leuconorite of the Barth Island Ring Complex were emplaced at ca. 1332 Ma into massif-type anorthosite; the leucotroctolite is bounded to the west by a shear zone that was active during its emplacement. The leucotroctolite magma may have exploited the adjacent shear zone during its emplacement, because the shear zone would have been a plane of weakness in the crust. It is possible that, for the same reason, the crystal-laden monzonitic and ferrogabbroid magma utilised the same conduit ca. 13 m.y. later.


identifier: Bonnell, Bradley J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bonnell=3ABradley_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) High resolution characterization of reservoir heterogeneity with cross-well seismic data.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Traditionally, reservoir characterization is limited to the inadequate frequency content of surface seismic data and the poor spatial sampling of borehole data for detecting metre-scale heterogeneities affecting fluid flow. Cross-well seismic data can provide the spatial and temporal resolution necessary for imaging these reservoir features. Three synthetic cross-well seismic datasets are created using velocity models that simulate lithologic detail and reservoir heterogeneities at the metre-scale. The first model is derived from an outcrop study of a deltaic depositional environment, and the second and third models are developed from offshore well log data. Statistical analysis of the lateral spatial properties of the high resolution seismic depth images produced from the models provides estimates of the lateral correlation length and the fractal dimension. The results display a unique distribution of spatial properties for each model, indicating that different types of reservoir heterogeneity result in distinctive statistics that are captured by the seismic data. These estimates can be used to provide high resolution constraints on reservoir heterogeneity that can be built into reservoir simulations.


identifier: Guerrero-Suastegui, Martin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Guerrero-Suastegui=3AMartin=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Depositional and tectonic history of the Guerrero Terrane, Sierra Madre de Sur, with emphasis on sedimentary successions of the Teloloapan area, southwestern Mexico.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Pacific margin of Mexico is formed by Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous arc-related successions of the Guerrero Terrane. The Guerrero Terrane in southwestern Mexico is divided into three subterranes: from west to east: the Zihuatanejo-Huetamo subterrane, Arceha - Palmar Chico subterrane, and Teloloapan subterrane. -- This thesis research targets the Teloloapan subterrane and is aimed at establishing its stratigraphy, sedimentology, petrography and geochemistry as the basis for an improved understanding of its tectonic history. The Teloloapan subterrane contains a thick Lower Cretaceous age sequence of volcanic, volcaniclastic, and carbonate rocks (the arc-related succession), which is covered by Upper Cretaceous mostly deep-water siliciclastic rocks (the sedimentary cover successions). All rocks are strongly deformed. -- The arc-related succession contains three formations (Villa Ayala, Acapetlahuaya and Teloloapan formations) showing concordant and transitional boundaries. Facies analysis of the Villa Ayala and Acapetlahuaya formations (Berriasian-Late Aptian) records the construction of volcanic build-ups and their destruction by gravity-current processes that formed slope-apron deposits. Carbonate rocks of the Teloloapan Formation developed on top of extinct volcanoes and formed an Aptian-Albian carbonate platform. -- The Miahuatepec and Mezcala formations constitute the sedimentary cover succession. The Mezcala Formation is comprised of interbedded sandstone and shale with minor thin-bedded limestone and calcareous breccias. The Miahuatepec Formation is a thick sequence of interbedded sandstone and shale with minor thin-bedded limestone. Facies analysis shows both units were deposited by low- to high- concentration turbidity currents on the middle to lower parts of submarine fans.  -- Volcaniclastic and epiclastic sandstones from the arc-related succession are rich in volcanic lithic grains derived from contemporaneous volcanic source. They have an undissected to transitional arc provenance (terminology of W. R. Dickinson). Geochemical data indicate a mafic to felsic volcanic source with a calc-alkaline affinity. REE patterns are similar to those of evolved intraoceanic arcs. -- Sandstones from the Mezcala Formation show quartzolithic and carbonate-rich petrofacies, while the sandstones of the Miahuatepec Formation are mainly quartzolithic. Both formations were derived by erosion of volcanic sources and have a transitional to dissected arc provenance. The Mezcala Formation also has a coeval formations contribution from the erosion of platform carbonates of the Teloloapan Formation. Geochemistry of the Miahuatepec Formation supports a calc-alkaline volcanic source with REE pattems similar to those of evolved intraoceanic arcs. -- The tectonic history of southwestem Mexico seems to be characterized by intraoceanic arcs (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous), followed by cessation of volcanism and development of an island-arc carbonate platform (Albian-Cenomanian) in the Teloloapan area. Contemporaneously, a jump in subduction forms the volcanic rocks of the Arcelia - Palmar Chico subterrane. The Guerrero Terrane was accreted to the "cratonic" Mixteca Terrane during the Late Cretaceous.


identifier: Normore, Leon Scott <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Normore=3ALeon_Scott=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Origin, distribution and paragenetic sequence of carbonate cements in the Ben Nevis Formation, White Rose Field, Jeanne d'Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland, Canada.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Aptian-Albian quartz arenite sandstones of the Ben Nevis Formation were deposited in a storm dominated shoreface setting during a marine transgression. Sediment grain size, and poikilotopic calcite cement are largely accountable for the reduction in porosity and permeability, resulting in mean permeabilities on the order of < 1 to 300 mD. The objective of this study is to develop a knowledge of the paragenetic sequence during early and late diagenesis, relating timing and source of cements to attempt to predict cement distribution, its effect on reservoir-scale fluid connectivity and its use as a development and exploration tool at White Rose Field and potential extensions nearby. The union of several analytical methods are required to decipher 120 million years of diagenesis. Diagenetic evolution of the authigenic cements is investigated using core description, and optical petrography, with corroboration from carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses. -- The paragenetic sequence identified in this study consisted of four phases of authigenic cement precipitation and four dissolution events, three of which acted on detrital components and the final dissolution phase acting on ferroan calcite cement. To understand the diagenetic sequence of any sedimentary rock unit, it is important to determine physical, geochemical and biological variations in depositional environment, as the compounded effect of all these will define the course of diagenesis. Transgressing a deep shelf environment over a shallow shoreface environment will decrease the rate of deposition, bioclastic content and sand/shale ratio, while increasing mud content, distance from shoreline and bioturbation. The transgressive nature of the Ben Nevis Formation compacts Ben Nevis sandstones beneath the Nautilus shales, building pore fluid pressure, transporting fluids vertically and obliquely towards the shoreline. -- While there is a significant volume of serpulid worm tubes, bivalves and gastropods, it may be thin, compacted and often discontinuous residues of micro- crystalline textured curved shell fragments that are the primary source for calcite cement. Petrographic analyses demonstrate various stages of shell dissolution, as well as multi- layered shells typically composed of aragonite. Carbon isotopes (δ¹³C values ranges from -13.9 to +8.8 [per thousand]) are consistent with an aragonite source for calcite cement with a +1.20 [per thousand] average enrichment between shells and authigenic cement, corresponding to the aragonite-calcite conversion. Unstable aragonite is dissolved in the burial process providing an excellent source of enriched δ¹³C, to then precipitate as calcite cement. -- The early stages of diagenesis enriched pore fluids with calcium carbonate providing the groundwork for the entire diagenetic history. Petrography and isotope geochemistry work collectively to confirm early precipitation of calcite cement. -- Petrographic analyses reveal minus cement packing up to 40%, nearly equivalent to original unconsolidated grain packing for fine grained sediments. Delicate ornaments on shells were also preserved within cements, indicating negligible compaction prior to cementation. Preservation of partially dissolved feldspar grains also indicates early cementation. Oxygen isotope analyses (δ¹⁸C values range from -9.2 to -1.5 [per thousand]) estabhsh an approximately 13°C increase in temperature between shell formation and cement precipitation. This equates to a burial depth of only 390 m for precipitation of calcite cement. -- Distributions of cements support vertical pore fluid flow within the Ben Nevis Formation. The storm dominated shoreface provides a much larger volume of bioclastic debris than the lower energy transition to the offshore environment immediately above but cementation intensity increases up-section. This indicates dissolution of shells in the lower Ben Nevis and transportation of fluid into the overlying offshore transition where sedimentation rates slow down, allowing precipitation of cement. -- Calcite concretions are not laterally or vertically continuous as demonstrated by the rounded boundary types and compaction of uncemented sandstones between concretions, but the enormous volume of calcite cement is occupying pore space that could otherwise be filled with oil or gas. Concentrating on identifying the east-west constraints on the distal shoreface through seismic interpretation, additional wells and basin modelling may prove beneficial for future extensions of the White Rose Field, as well as the entire Jeanne d'Arc Basin.


identifier: Bidgood, Michael John <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bidgood=3AMichael_John=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Hibernia formation sequences and Breathitt Group (Kentucky) analogue.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Hibernia oilfield is located 315 km offshore and east-southeast of St. John's Newfoundland. An estimated 620 million barrels of recoverable oil are located in the Hibernia oilfield within a basal Cretaceous, fluvial-dominated delta system known as the lower Hibernia zone of the Hibernia Formation. Informal lithostratigraphic units assigned to the lower Hibernia zone include a non-reservoir, finer grained Layer 1 and sandstone- dominated Layers 2 and 3 separated by the field-wide marine Medial Shale. During deposition of the Hibernia Formation, braided rivers draining the Avalon uplift, located to the south, deposited sands in incised valleys. The Hibernia reservoir sandstones of Layers 2 and 3 represent late lowstand to early transgressive systems tracts and are separated by finer grained lower delta plain, lagoonal and open marine facies which represent late transgressive to highstand systems tracts. The entire lower Hibernia zone is interpreted as a third-order composite sequence; it can be further subdivided into higher frequency fourth- and fifth-ordered cycles.  -- The Pikeville, Hyden and Four Comers formations of the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Group, eastern Kentucky, constitute a facies and sequence-stratigraphic analogue for the Hibernia Formation. The Breathitt Group is interpreted as a fluvially dominated, shallow- water deltaic succession punctuated by the deposits of a number of marine incursions. The high net sandstone intervals of the Breathitt Group were deposited by a west- or west-northwest-flowing fluvial system characterized by braid bars in distributary channels and incised valley systems. The high net sandstone intervals represent late lowstand to early transgressive systems tracts and are separated by finer grained, lower delta plain, lagoonal and open marine facies, which represent late transgressive to highstand systems tracts. The stacking patterns and sequence stratigraphy of this part of the Breathitt Group strongly resemble those of the Hibernia Formation, and therefore can be used to refine existing models at Hibernia. Despite the differences in age, tectonic setting, and likely scales and frequency of relative sea level change, the Breathitt Group is shown in this thesis to be a suitable stratigraphic and sedimentological analogue for the Hibernia Formation.  -- Based on excellent outcrop exposure and well data, permeability pathways through the Breathitt Group are postulated. Marine shales and abundant coals are identified as candidates for intraformational seals and pressure barriers, respectively. Vertical sealing attributes are recognized for similar marine shales at Hibernia. This thesis provides a justification for a more detailed field and laboratory study needed to quantify reservoir properties of the Breathitt Group, so that numerical data can be incorporated into reservoir models for the Hibernia field.


identifier: Mader, Marianne M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mader=3AMarianne_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) From genesis to juxtaposition: the evolution of the Ivisârtoq greenstone belt, southwest Greenland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Ivisârtoq greenstone belt is situated ~40 km south of the Isua greenstone belt within the Godthåbsfjord region of southwest Greenland. This region is part of the Archean gneiss complex of Greenland, a major component of the 3800-2500 Ma North Atlantic Craton. Compared to the Isua greenstone belt, which has been the focus of intense study because it contains some of the oldest known (~ 3.8-3.7 Ga) rocks on Earth, little work has been carried out on the Ivisârtoq greenstone belt. The Ivisârtoq greenstone belt is exceptionally well-exposed in three dimensions with relief of 1200m, and primary features are better preserved here than in any other Archean greenstone belt in Greenland. Consequently, this belt provides an exceptionally good opportunity to characterise early to middle Archean magmatism, deformational processes, and tectonic environments. -- The Ivisârtoq greenstone belt was multiply deformed and metamorphosed at amphibolite facies. The belt forms an upright southwest-closing, V-shaped synform. This study concentrated on the 3 km thick southern limb of the synform, where the most complete section of the supracrustal rocks is preserved, and where there are pillow lava structures with way-up indicators. The southern limb was found to comprise a tectonostratigraphy made up of two main components, termed the northern and southern parts. These composite rock units differ in composition and intensity of deformation and are separated by a major high strain zone. -- The northern part of the belt is generally less deformed than the southern part and is characterized by heterogeneously deformed amphibolite, derived from variolitic and homogeneous basaltic pillow lavas, interlayered with boudins of olivine-bearing ultramafic rocks and quartz-feldspar-mica gneiss and schist. The southern part consists predominantly of strongly deformed rocks including banded amphibolite, homogeneous granitoid, gabbroic rocks, and a thick layer of predominantly quartz-feldspar-biotite- schist. -- New major and trace element geochemical data, LAM ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology, and field mapping have shed new light on the origin and evolution of the Ivisârtoq greenstone belt. This new work indicates that the northern and southern parts of the belt represent discrete packages of rocks that formed in different environments and were juxtaposed after -2895 Ma, after the main volcanism associated with each part had ceased. Each package of rocks suffered separate deformational events before juxtaposition: two discrete deformational phases were recognized in the less deformed northern part, whereas the southern part was much more intensely deformed and individual events could not be differentiated. -- Crustal contamination signatures of the amphibolites in the northern part of the belt suggest formation in a back-arc basin environment, in which the basaltic magma ascended through thin, patchy or immature crust. A U-Pb zircon age of an intrusive tonalite sheet demonstrates that the northern basaltic pillow lavas were deposited before -3165 Ma. -- In contrast, the southern part of the belt appears to have formed on a thick continental crust. This interpretation is based on several lines of evidence: crustal contamination signatures of the banded amphibolite, the presence of a thick sequence of quartzofeldspathic metasedimentary rocks, an A-type granitoid, and a horizon of metamorphosed meymechite, which is indicative of deep melting of subcontinental mantle. A maximum age of-2895 Ma was determined for the deposition of the southern metasedimentary rocks. -- The interpreted juxtaposition of the northern and southern packages of the Ivisârtoq belt is consistent with lateral collisions of terranes perhaps by plate tectonic processes.


identifier: Smith, Peter M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3APeter_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) On forward and inverse modelling in seismology: raytracing in inhomogeneous media.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The first part of this thesis deals with forward modelling. We present a raytracing method based on the concept of simulated annealing: a computational tool based on physical principles used for obtaining optimal solutions of problems of in areas ranging from combinatorics to condensed matter physics. Our method solves for rays that render signal traveltime stationary, in accordance with Fermat's principle of stationary traveltime. We test this method for two types of media: layered inhomogeneous media and linearly inhomogeneous media. We show that rays and traveltimes generated from this algorithm for these models quantitatively agree with predicted results.  -- The second part of the thesis deals with inverse modelling. In this part, we introduce the generalized form of Radon's transform and its adjoint operator. We show that by treating traveltime as Radon's transform acting on the slowness function along a ray, we can use the adjoint operator to recover qualitative information about a medium from collected traveltimes. This method of backprojection is presented as an application of our raytracing method. We calculate rays and their associated traveltimes between sources and receivers on a square lattice for layered- and linearly-inhomogeneous media and use the back-projection method to construct slowness functions for each set of data. We show that although the backprojection method does not retain the quantitative properties of the original medium, results indicate that qualitative properties of the medium can be resolved by this method.


identifier: Sala Toledo, Rodrigo A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sala_Toledo=3ARodrigo_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the upper Neoproterozoic Ferryland head formation, Eastern Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland and Labrador with particular reference to the soft sediment deformation structures.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Ferryland Head Formation of Ediacaran age is exposed along the southeastern coast of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland and Labrador. A detailed sedimentological study was undertaken at Ferryland, its type locality, 72 km south of St. John's, where approximately 500 m of the formation are exposed. The objectives of this study are to establish a stratigraphic and sedimentological framework in order to determine depositional environments and the stratigraphic evolution of the succession and to document the diversity of synsedimentary structures. Three detailed stratigraphic sections, covering approximately 600 m were constructed.  -- The Ferryland Head Formation consists of interbedded tabular reddish-to- purplish-brown siltstones and buff-to-greenish-grey arenites with minor occurrences of lithic arenites and lithofeldspathic arenites. Grain size varies from silt to medium sand; the mode being fine sand. Five lithofacies including 22 subfacies are defined at Ferryland. Facies 1 comprises siltstone and finer grained sandstones. Facies 2 encompasses silty sandstone. Facies 3 is composed of clean sandstone. Facies 4 and 5 comprise intraformational conglomerates and ash-rich beds respectively. Three facies associations are recognised in the Ferryland Head Formation. Facies association I is interpreted as mouth-bar deposits, facies association II is interpreted as channelised sediments and facies association III is interpreted as overbank deposits. Palaeoflow in the study area is unimodal and south-directed. The depositional environment for the Ferryland Head Formation is interpreted to be a humid fan delta. The abundance of synsedimentary structures in the study area is attributed to rapid deposition, a high water table and probable seismic activity in a tectonically active pull-apart basin.


identifier: Mansfield, Stacey L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mansfield=3AStacey_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Neogene tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the outer Cilica Basin, Eastern Mediterranean Sea.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Neogene structural and sedimentary evolution of the Outer Cilicia Basin is investigated using marine multi-channel seismic data collected during a 1992 survey. The Cilicia Basin is a relatively shallow Neogene basin, which is located on the Aegean-Anatolian microplate in the fore-arc region of the Cyprean Arc. The basin's evolution is recorded in four main stratigraphic units each separated by laterally extensive erosional unconformities. These units from youngest to oldest are: Unit 1- Pliocene-Quaternary aged siliclastics, Unit 2 - Messinian aged evaporites, Unit 3A - mid- to late-Miocene aged marls and chalks, and Unit 3B - Oligocene to mid-Miocene aged marls and turbidite deposits. The deformation of these sequences, throughout the basin's history, gives rise to both compressional and extensional structures, largely affected by the ductile salt layer. -- The structural evolution of the Outer Cilicia Basin can be separated into two main phases. The first is a compressional phase which began in Miocene time in association with convergence along the Cyprean Arc. During this phase, a south-verging thrust belt developed directly south of the Outer Cilicia Basin. Since the mid-late Miocene, the basin has evolved on the back limb of the thrust system. A second evolutionary phase began in Pliocene time, coinciding with the initiation of westward escape and rotation of the Aegean-Anatolian microplate. The Pliocene-Quaternary succession is primarily affected by two main types of structures: 1) Transtensional faults, which provide accommodation for strain induced in the basin by the westward escape of the microplate, and 2) Salt tectonic structures, which develop in association with the basin-ward flow of salt, driven by gravitational forces and sedimentary loading.


identifier: Duff, Deanne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Duff=3ADeanne=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Physical property analysis, numerical and scale modeling for planning of surface seismic surveys: Voisey's Bay, Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Voisey's Bay area is located on the northeast coast of Labrador and hosts one of the most important recent mineral discoveries in Canada - the Voisey's Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit. The Inco Innovation Centre at Memorial University and Voisey's Bay Nickel Company are using the Voisey's Bay property as a test site for the development of seismic methods for minerals exploration. Extensive drilling, logging and core analysis of unmined ore bodies provides an excellent database designing seismic acquisition, processing and interpretation strategies. An important element of preparation of the seismic experiments is an analysis of an extensive physical properties database and a program of 2-D and 3-D forward modeling designed to help foresee acquisition and processing issues.  -- The Voisey's Bay ore bodies consist of massive sulphides and breccias of variable sulphide content associated with a geometrically complex troctolitic intrusion hosted in gneiss of variable composition. The physical properties data indicate typical compressional velocities of 6500 m/s for the troctolite, 6100 m/s for the gneiss, and 4400 m/s for the massive sulphide. Also, the mean velocity contrast between the gneiss and troctolite is +8%, and -25-35% between the gneiss/troctolite and the massive sulphide. Mean reflection coefficients between gneiss and troctolite are +0.06, but a modest -0.03 between the troctolite and massive sulphide.  -- Due to significant variance in the physical properties of all of the rock types, mean values only represent a part of the story. Extensive potential reflectivity modeling has been carried out using Monte Carlo simulation that uses the actual probability distribution of physical properties coupled with transition probabilities that characterize the likelihood of occurrence of a particular lithologic transition, to predict more representative probability distributions for reflection coefficients. Synthetic seismograms were produced to further aid in the assessment of reflective potential of the contrasting lithologies and the necessary source frequencies for adequate resolution in the Voisey's Bay area. In general, the physical properties data indicate that velocity-sensitive techniques are more likely to be effective for direct detection of ore bodies at Voisey's Bay and impedance-sensitive techniques more effective for imaging the magmatic system and structural mapping. However, the data support significant potential for impedance driven ore body detection depending upon the specific setting of the ore body.  -- The Voisey's Bay area offers a wide range of viable seismic targets of differing complexity that can be used to develop suitable acquisition and processing techniques for minerals exploration. A 2-D forward model was designed that incorporated both the geometry and geometric complexity of the Eastern Deeps zone in the Voisey's Bay area according to the working model for the Voisey's Bay deposit suggested by Cruden et al. (2000). By starting off with the simplest form of this model (i.e. constant velocities) and then progressing to greater and greater complexities (i.e. heterogeneity and velocity gradients) it was possible to fine-tune the processing parameters for a 2-D seismic survey at Voisey's Bay and to provide a basic template for interpretation of the reflection data.  -- Evaluation of the modeled data determined that there were many processing and interpretation challenges such as the absence of stratified reflectivity, complex scattering, inconsistent stacking velocities, important near-critical events and incoherent arrivals. In order to image the events in the model it was necessary to deal with both reflected and scattered events. Limited offsets of 0-2000 m were used for stacks and migrations because the long offsets did not contribute constructive information. A pre-stack Kirchhoff migration algorithm was preferred for imaging, as opposed to the more commonly used post-stack Kirchhoff migration algorithm, because it allowed more control over which velocities and events were stacked. This was necessary because of the conflicting velocities for diffractions and specular reflections that were present in this typical mineral exploration data-set.  -- Although 3-D seismic techniques have been demonstrated to be effective for imaging ore bodies, the cost of such surveys is often prohibitive. We are developing new approaches based on dense receiver arrays and sparse source arrays that should decrease the cost of 3-D seismic and make the technology more cost-effective for mineral exploration. Forward modeling, aimed at a first evaluation of the technique, demonstrates the potential of using sparsely illuminated seismic volumes and animated time-slicing to detect the distinctive scattering pattern associated with ore body sized targets. Time-slices of the individual sources reveal that sparse illumination effectively displays the characteristic 'bulls-eye' pattern of an individual scattering body. Stacking of the individual sources provides illumination from all sides of the scatterer and demonstrates that scattering occurs from multiple source points on the scattering body. 3-D migration of the stacked sections illustrates that the diffractions are essentially collapsed to small area located at the apex of the diffraction hyperbola as expected. However, comparison between unmigrated and migrated time-slices reveals that the unmigrated data are more effective for diffraction detection while the migrated data provide better localization of the scatterer. This approach of using few sources but many receivers for 3-D land seismic acquisition has the potential to be a cost-effective exploration and development tool.  -- Analysis of the extensive data-set of physical property measurements from the Voisey's Bay area suggests that, despite the complexity of the region and the variability of the geological settings of the various mineralized zones, detection of the ore bodies and mapping of the host magmatic system should be possible with both surface reflection surveys and travel-time tomography. Also, scale modeling has demonstrated the potential of cost-effective 3-D land acquisition geometries involving limited numbers of sources and dense receiver arrays.


identifier: Eaton, Sarah Jane <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Eaton=3ASarah_Jane=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Source apportionment of sulphate aerosols and gaseous sulphur dioxide over the NW Atlantic during the spring SABINA cruise 2003 using stable sulphur isotopes.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Sulphate aerosols have the potential to alter climate, reducing the effect of increasing greenhouse gas emissions by scattering incident solar radiation back to space. Dimethylsulphide (DMS) is emitted from the surface ocean, and oxidized into methanesulphonic acid (MSA) aerosols, or gaseous sulphur dioxide (SO₂ ) in the atmosphere. Sulphur dioxide is further oxidized forming new sulphate aerosols. During the spring (2003) cruise of the NW Atlantic as part of the Canadian-Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (C-SOLAS), size segregated and total particulate sulphate aerosols and gaseous SO₂ samples were collected. Samples were collected diurnally using mass flow-controlled, high-volume air samplers. The cruise consisted of a Lagrangian study, following a phytoplankton bloom and a Transect study from 36°N to 54°N. Sulphur isotope abundance analyses were conducted on both the aerosol and SO₂ samples, while chemical characterisation of anions, cations, and MSA was conducted using ion chromatography. -- The Lagrangian study revealed relatively constant biogenic SO₂ concentrations, with variable anthropogenic SO₂ concentrations. Biogenic sulphate concentrations ranged from 0 to 1720ngm⁻³ with the largest average concentrations in the total particulate and 0.49μm size fraction. These were not coincident with higher than average biogenic SO₂ concentrations. Anthropogenic sulphate dominated the smaller size fractions, and concentrations were generally larger than the biogenic concentrations with the exception of the 3.0-1.5μm size fraction. The isotope data indicated that the smaller size fractions were dominated by anthropogenic emissions, likely derived from the ships emissions. Negative δ³⁴ SNSS values were present in the data set and are potentially linked to the combustion of Middle Eastern oil at a refinery in Newfoundland or H₂S flaring from the Sable Island gas fields.


identifier: Gillis, Erin S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gillis=3AErin_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Stratigraphy of the Blow Me Down Brook formation, Humber Arm Allochthon, western Newfoundland, Canada.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Cambrian age Blow Me Down Brook formation of the Humber Arm Allochthon has been poorly understood since geological study began in the area more than 140 years ago. A detailed study has never been carried out exclusively on the formation, nor a complete stratigraphy designated. The aim of this thesis is to compose a stratigraphy for the Blow Me Down Brook formation based upon sedimentology, petrography and ichnology. -- Regional mapping of coastal sedimentary strata from the community of Fox Island River, north to Rope Cove is used to show extensive and continuous sections of Blow Me Down Brook formation. These exposures, paired with a recently documented basal contact between Blow Me Down Brook red shale beds and underlying Fox Island River volcanics, have allowed development of a composite stratigraphy for the Blow Me Down Brook formation. The formation, herein estimated to be about 400 m thick, is formed of six informal, but distinct stratigraphic units: A, B, C, D, E and F. Unit A, massive red shale interbedded with volcanics; Unit B, thick bedded red (hematitic) and greenish coloured micaceous sublithrenite and lithic subarkose; Unit C, quartz and feldspar pebble conglomerate with calcarenite boulders; Unit D, coarse grained greenish coloured quartzarenite and sublitharenite with minor subarkose interbedded with red, green and grey shale; Unit E, massive siliceous red and black shale, and Unit F; a quartzose greenish sandstone interbedded with black shales. -- The sandstones of Unit F are commonly petroliferous, and tend to be associated with the calcareous Northern Head Group. One area (near Sluice Brook) shows evidence for a petroleum system in the Blow Me Down Brook formation. Here, petroliferous Blow Me Down Brook formation overlies the Northern Head Group in an antiformal structure. The shales of the Northern Head Group have a 'greasy' texture and may have acted as a source rock; overlying beds of red shales form a seal. -- The Blow Me Down Brook formation is derived from offshore turbidity flows, with little understanding of how the formation relates to the Summerside and Irishtown formations of the same age. With knowledge of the stratigraphy and petrography stronger arguments may be made for correlating the Summerside formation with lower units A and B of the Blow Me Down Brook formation. The more quartzose upper units C, D, E, and F of the Blow Me Down Brook formation may be correlated to the Irishtown formation. -- By careful recognition of strata and successions, it may be feasible to effectively map these rocks across the region.


identifier: Burns, Jane <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Burns=3AJane=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Everyday objects as mediators of self: a material culture study of work, home and community in the pulp and paper town of Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland and Labrador.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is a material culture study that examines how people in the pulp and paper town of Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland and Labrador, use objects to mediate a sense of self against the dominance of an outside industry. Within the context of work, home, and community, this study looks at how residents use everyday objects - a lunch basket, newsprint from the mill, a kettle made from mill materials, or a paper hat worn in a Labour Day parade - to manage this relationship with the outside, the foreign, the imposed and to mediate a sense of themselves as individuals and as industrial workers. The primary artifact this thesis examines is the mill worker's lunch basket - a locally made splint-style basket - analyzing the basket as craft, symbolic object and appropriated object. The basket plays a key role in how residents manage their relationships: at the mill, workers use the basket as a rite of passage to gain entry to the mill and the meals the basket contains create sociability among workers;  at home the basket both links and separates worlds constructed as private (home) and public (industrial work); and within the community, workers use the baskets to create an aura of mystery - not only of the basket itself and of the worker who carries it - but of the secrecy and restriction of the mill itself. This study also suggests that the artifacts themselves, whether they be woven like the baskets or temporary like the paper hats marchers wear in parades, echo the states in which they are used: the weave of the basket reflects the weave of the bond among workers, the temporary quality of the artifacts used in the parade represents the temporary opportunity to confront the industry. By looking at the same objects in different contexts, this thesis concludes that the residents of this former company town use objects to challenge assumptions held about industrial workers, including their own assumptions that they are passive, and finds that they are active creators of their own identities.


identifier: Jordan, Sherri Lynn <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Jordan=3ASherri_Lynn=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Partial melting and P-T evolution of migmatitic metapelites from the southwestern Gagnon Terrane, northeastern Grenville Province.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Gagnon terrane (Parautochthonous belt, northeastern Grenville Province) is situated between the Grenville Front and the tectonically overlying High Pressure belt to the southeast. It was metamorphosed during the late stages of the Grenvillian orogeny (~1000 Ma) at P-T conditions increasing from greenschist facies near the Grenville Front to amphibolite and HP granulite facies farther south in the higher structural levels. Migmatitic  metapelites from three thrust slices, which form part of the structurally higher levels, display evidence of extensive partial melting in the kyanite stability field and can be classified as HP granulites. These rocks are composed of variably intermixed leucosome and restite and have a peak assemblage of garnet + plagioclase + quartz + K- feldspar + kyanite ± biotite which is locally overgrown by retrograde biotite ± kyanite ± plagioclase ± quartz ± muscovite. The prograde sub-assemblage K-feldspar + kyanite is consistent with dehydration melting of micas. Textures as well as compositional patterns in garnet, in cases where growth zoning is preserved, are consistent with a reaction sequence involving: (a) dehydration melting of muscovite by the discontinuous NaKASH reaction: muscovite + quartz ± plagioclase = K-feldspar + kyanite + liquid [R1] followed by (b) dehydration melting of biotite by the continuous NaKFMASH reaction: biotite + quartz + kyanite ± plagioclase = K-feldspar + garnet + liquid [R2]. In one particular case, however, inclusion and zoning patterns in garnet are suggestive of dehydration melting of phengite instead of muscovite, followed by a discontinuous NaKFMASH reaction before entering the field of reaction [R2]. Muscovite has only been observed as a replacement of kyanite or K-feldspar, suggesting that final crystallization of the melt took place in the muscovite stability field. Biotite is commonly developed at the expense of garnet, consistent with operation of reaction [R2] in the reverse sense, but it is not clear if all biotite is retrograde. Compositional data suggest that the metapelites crossed reaction [Rl] at P-T conditions between 1140-1445 MPa and 750-780°C while the melt crystallized at conditions between 930-1100 MPa and 722-748°C. These data are consistent with a clockwise P-T path involving little decompression between the prograde and retrograde parts of the path. Migmatic metapelites also occur within a shear zone that marks the southern boundary of the upper structural levels in the southwestern Gagnon terrane, however, these rocks contain retrograde sillimanite (and K-feldspar) rather than kyanite. The presence of retrograde sillimanite suggests that final melt crystallization and possibly dehydration melting of micas by reactions [R1] and [R2] occurred at lower pressures at this locality. -- In the lower structural levels located in the northeastern Gagnon terrane, the transition between muscovite-bearing metapelites to kyanite + K-feldspar-bearing migmatitic metapelites is marked by a zone in which leucosome locally occurs in muscovite-bearing rocks. Textures and garnet zoning in these mid-crustal levels are suggestive of the fluid-present melting reaction: muscovite + quartz + albite + H₂O = kyanite + liquid [3] that occurs at lower temperatures than [R1], followed by garnet growth by a divariant vapour-absent reaction of the type: biotite + kyanite + plagioclase + quartz = garnet + muscovite. Farther south, on the other side of the muscovite-out isograd, this reaction sequence was followed by reactions [R1] and [R2] with the former reaction being crossed at approximately 1525 MPa and 795°C. Thus, the main difference between kyanite + K-feldspar migmatitic metapelites from the higher and the mid-crustal levels is that in the former there is no evidence of fluid-present melting reactions predating dehydration melting of micas, whereas in the latter there is. -- The metamorphic evolution of kyanite-bearing metapelites of the southern Gagnon terrane is consistent with previously proposed tectonic models involving NW-directed tectonic transport of the High Pressure belt over the Gagnon terrane, with incorporation of deeply buried rocks from the upper structural levels of the Gagnon terrane into the ductile shear zone near the interface with the HP belt. Thus the upper structural levels of the Gagnon terrane share metamorphic characteristics with both the tectonically overlying HP belt and the tectonically underlying remainder of the Gagnon terrane.


identifier: Wang, Hong <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wang=3AHong=3A=3A.html>   (1993) An areal surface energy balance model.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: An areal surface energy balance model

abstract: A methodology is presented in this thesis to estimate the spatial variations of the surface energy budget based on measurements from reference stations, topographical information and surface properties derived from remotely sensed imagery. According to this methodology, a physically-based areal surface energy balance model (ASEBM) is established to carry out the areal extrapolation of the surface energy flux terms. As an application, the ASEBM has been applied to an ice cap marginal area in the central Baffin Island for selected days from August, 1991. In order to have a general idea of the climate in the study area, a brief summary of the surface climate and energy balance during the spring and summer season has been presented. Although limitations in the observational data required that some assumptions be made in this application, the results are quite encouraging.