title: Sex Work and Motherhood: Case Studies of Edmonton and Toronto

contributor:
Little, Margaret
Political Studies

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subject:
Sex work
Motherhood

abstract: Thesis (Master, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-28 14:37:18.798

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis was to examine the complex relationship that exists between lone motherhood and sex work. Utilizing the idea of particularlism, I argue that it is important to understand the environmental context of mothers and the variety and uniqueness of women’s experiences in order for the state to respond with directed policies for lone parents. In order to discover whether or not sex workers who are single mothers have unique needs and experiences, I conducted 15 semi structured interviews with independent escort workers from Toronto and Edmonton.
The interviewees reported leading a double life characterized by shame, fear, stigmatization and discrimination. It was discovered that the double life which many women live is not only stressful, but is also a serious impediment to their ability to effectively parent. I argue that it is the current legal status of sex work which poses barriers to these women in achieving financial stability, equal rights, social comfort, access to quality services, and child support; all of which are points that are integral to effective parenting.  As such, I assert that decriminalization and the recognition of sex work as work, grants these women access to the support that other working mothers may have, but also directs attention to the societal stigma and discrimination that moralizes and punishes sex workers. Ultimately, I contend that when sex workers are granted equal rights and access to supportive institutions they are capable of effective parenting.
Beyond decriminalization, I make a series of recommendations based on the needs expressed throughout the interviews. The implementation of these recommendations could be hastened by decriminalization and a strong sex workers union. They include: flexible child care, altered service delivery, a non judgmental legal system and sensitivity training.

abstract: M.A.


title: Consistency Maintenance for Multiplayer Video Games

contributor:
Graham, Nicholas
Computing

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rights: This publication is made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws without written authority from the copyright owner.

subject:
software
computer science
consistency maintenance
video game

abstract: Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-14 23:11:30.657

abstract: Multiplayer games have to support activities which have differing usability requirements. The usability of the system is directly influenced by the choice of consistency maintenance algorithm. These algorithms must accommodate usability requirements while ensuring shared data is accurately replicated. We demonstrate that consistency maintenance in games can be organized around the AMP properties which state that separate nodes can maintain their instances of shared data using different algorithms (asymmetry), multiple consistency maintenance algorithms can be used within an application (multiplicity), and that consistency maintenance algorithms should be created as modular components (plug-replaceability). The motivation for AMP is outlined with a review of examples from commercial 3D games and related research. Consistency maintenance algorithms are shown to exist in a usability trade-off space. A set of usability metrics is introduced and used to experimentally explore this space. Our results imply that no single algorithm is suitable for every in-game situation. The thesis concludes with an informal evaluation of the AMP based on our experience using the Fiaa.NET as an AMP framework. We found that AMP had several weaknesses, but that these were outweighed by the benefits for the developer.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Device Deployment Strategies for Large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks

type:
technical report
thesis

contributor:
Hassanein, Hossam S.
Takahara, Glen
Electrical and Computer Engineering

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subject:
Wireless sensor network
Deployment

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-15 09:33:53.917

abstract:
Planning device deployment is a fundamental issue in implementing wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. This design practice determines types, numbers and locations of devices in order to build a powerful and effective system using devices of limited energy supply and constrained capacities. The deployment plan decides the limits of many intrinsic properties of a WSN, such as coverage, connectivity, cost, and lifetime. In this thesis, we address the device deployment planning issues related to large-scale WSN systems.

We consider a typical deployment planning scenario in a heterogeneous two-tier WSN composed of sensor nodes and relay nodes. Sensor nodes form the lower tier of the network and are responsible for providing satisfactory sensing coverage to the application. Relay nodes form the upper tier of the network and they are responsible for forwarding data from sensor nodes to the base station. As so, relay nodes should provide reliable connectivity to sensor nodes for an extended period of time. We therefore address the sensor node deployment in terms of the sensing coverage and relay node deployment in terms of the communication connectivity and system lifetime.

For sensor node deployment, we propose a coverage-guaranteed sensor node deployment design technique. Using this technique, the sensing coverage is complete even if sensor nodes are randomly dispersed within a bounded range from its target locations according to a given grid pattern. In order to curb the increased cost due to extra sensor nodes that are used in the coverage-guaranteed deployment, while still maintaining a high-quality sensing coverage, we further study the probabilistic properties of the grid-based sensor node deployment in the presence of deployment errors.

For relay node deployment, we propose to extend the system lifetime by distributing relay nodes according to a density function, which is optimized in response to the energy consumption rate, so that the energy is dissipated at an approximately same rate across the network. We further craft the deployment density function to reconcile the needs of balanced energy consumption and strong sensor node connectivity.

The techniques proposed in this thesis fill the blank of available literature and can serve as guidelines for WSN designers, solution providers and system integrators of WSN applications.

abstract: PhD


title: Time-Gated Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

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subject:
Optical Coherence Tomography
Coherent Time Gated Imaging

abstract: Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-15 20:05:41.665

abstract:
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to be a versatile three-dimensional imaging tool in diagnostic medicine, combining micrometre-scale resolutions with fast acquisition times. This imaging modality uses the interference between light backscattered from a sample and light that has traversed a known reference path delay to determine the scattering profile over penetration depths of up to several millimetres in tissue.

A novel OCT system is presented that uses nonlinear optics to process the backscattered light in the optical domain prior to standard Fourier-domain OCT acquisition and processing. The nonlinear optical effects experienced between short light pulses are strongly intensity-dependent, occurring only significantly when the pulses are temporally and spatially overlapped. These conditions allow for the creation of a user-controlled time gate that restricts the light backscattered from the sample to a narrow (~100 micrometres) depth field of view prior to detection.

When strong and weak scattering interfaces exist across the sample depth range, the signal-to-noise ratio of the weaker scattering sites can be limited by the finite detector dynamic range in Fourier-domain OCT systems. By aligning the time gate temporal delay to the backscatter from the weak interfaces of interest, a user can completely remove the strong backscattered light and enhance imaging contrast. The nonlinear effect used in the current time-gated OCT design is sum-frequency generation, which provides an additional advantage of imaging at near infrared (1280 nm) wavelengths, used for long penetration depths in tissue, while detection is performed in the visible (504 nm) with silicon-based camera technology. With the reduced depth field of view, the number of sampling points required per depth scan is also proportionately reduced, permitting faster acquisition rates for the time-gated region of interest.

A complete description of the time-gated OCT system design is presented, along with proof-of-concept images demonstrating contrast enhancement and operation in a highly scattering biological medium. Based on its successful initial performance, future development of this system is expected for its eventual use in many OCT imaging applications.

abstract: This work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Cancer Imaging Network of Ontario, supported by Cancer Care Ontario

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Scripting the Learning Process: Evaluative Inquiry in Five Acts

contributor:
Shulha, Lyn
Education

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subject: Evaluation Narrative

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-16 20:08:38.044

abstract:
I have discovered that evaluation like my first passion, drama, challenges participants on a cognitive and personal level. In both evaluation and theatre, stories are told for the purpose of stimulating interest, reflection, and insights into the complexity of human behaviour. In the world of program evaluation judgements about program merit, worth, or significance are generated through an evaluator’s interactions with theory, stakeholders and colleagues. Program insights are thus tied to the quality and complexity of these interactions.
	This thesis tells the story of my transition from drama teacher-to-graduate student-to-evaluator-researcher. It begins with my motivations for this transition; includes my learning about internal, participatory and collaborative evaluation. Finally, this thesis speculates on how inquiry and experiences, such as the ones documented here, might inform the learning of other novice evaluators. It accomplishes this latter goal by making explicit the complexities of a participatory and collaborative evaluation process and the considerations and deliberations that I faced in attempting to enact this approach.
	This thesis reflects the fact that I have always used stories as a way to understand and make meaning, Presented in the structure of a play, this narrative purposefully examines the values, challenges, and possibilities for learning that arose in my collaboration with other evaluation colleagues. Over the five acts I reveal my growing understanding of evaluation theory and practice and how this was shaping my understanding of who I was becoming. The final Act explores the notion that professional learning and identity is not a fixed or exclusive concept.
	This thesis suggests that learning from experience is valuable in contributing to the growth of novices. In learning to do evaluation it is not enough to focus on models of practice or theoretical principles. Becoming an evaluator also requires attention to personal and interpersonal orientations and the monitoring of an evolving personal stance. In presenting this thesis I argue that the elements of my story have transferable qualities and that these elements can trigger conversation and insights beneficial to other novices or those charged with the induction of novices. The intended consequence is a richer understanding of evaluation as a human enterprise.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: Contribution of a Sperm Protein, PAWP, to the Signal Transduct Pathway During Vertebrate Fertilization

contributor:
Oko, Richard
Anatomy and Cell Biology

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subject:
PAWP
Signal Transduct Pathway
Fertilization

abstract: Thesis (Master, Anatomy & Cell Biology) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-17 00:31:13.353

abstract: PAWP, postacrosomal sheath WW domain binding protein, is a novel sperm protein identified as a candidate sperm borne, oocyte-activating factor (SOAF). PAWP induces both early and later egg activation events including meiotic resumption, pronuclear formation and egg cleavage. Based on the fact that calcium increase is universally accepted as the sole requirement for egg activation, we hypothesized that PAWP is an upstream regulator of the calcium signaling pathway during fertilization.  Intracellular calcium increase was detected by two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy following microinjection of recombinant PAWP into Xenopus oocytes, bolstering our hypothesis and suggesting the involvement of a novel PAWP-mediated signaling pathway during fertilization. The N-terminal of PAWP shares a high homology to WW domain binding protein while the C-terminal half contains a functional PPXY motif, which allows it to interact with group I WW domain proteins. These structural considerations together with published data indicating that PPXY synthetic peptide derived from PAWP inhibits ICSI-induced fertilization led to the hypothesis that PAWP triggers egg activation by binding to a group I WW domain protein in the oocyte. By far-Western analysis of oocyte cytoplasmic fraction, PAWP was found to bind to a 52 kDa protein. The competitive inhibition studies with PPXY synthetic peptide, WW domain constructs, and their point mutants demonstrated that the interaction between PAWP and its binding partner is specifically via the PPXY-WW domain module. The 52 kDa protein band crossreacted with antibodies against group I WW domain protein YAP in Western blot assay, indicating that this 52 kDa PAWP binding partner is either YAP or a YAP-related protein. In addition, the far-Western competitive inhibition studies with recombinant GST fusion protein YAP and another WW domain-containing protein, TAZ, demonstrated that the binding of PAWP to its binding partner was significantly reduced by TAZ, providing evidence that TAZ could be the 52 kDa protein candidate. Mass spectrometry was employed to identify this PAWP binding partner candidate. However, due to the low abundance of the candidate protein and the complexity of the sample, several strategies are still needed to enrich this protein. This study correlates PAWP induced meiotic resumption and calcium efflux at fertilization and uncovers a 52 kDa candidate WW domain protein in the oocyte cytoplasm that most likely interacts with PAWP to trigger egg activation.

abstract: CIHR

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Do High Standards, Sensitivity to Failure, and Lack of Perseverance Interact to Predict All-or-Nothing Behaviour?

contributor:
MacDonald, Tara K.
Psychology

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subject: Personality Health

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-17 10:04:45.807

abstract:
Why do some people tend to begin new goals or activities with a high level of commitment and determination, only to drop substantially in their involvement within a short time? The purpose of the present research was to identify stable individual differences that influence the tendency to manifest this pattern of behaviour (i.e., starting strong then dropping off), which is subsequently termed “all-or-nothing behaviour”. In Study 1, participants completed questionnaire items that were expected to tap all-or-nothing behaviour. Common factor analysis was performed to examine the factor structure of the data, and revealed three independent constructs that were labelled “high standards”, “sensitivity to failure”, and “lack of perseverance”.  The purpose of Study 2 was to assess the temporal stability of these constructs. Participants completed measures of the constructs at two times separated by 20 weeks. High correlations between scores at Time 1 and Time 2 revealed that the constructs are stable over time. The purpose of Study 3 was to examine the distinctiveness of the target constructs from existing individual difference measures, and to examine their association with theoretically similar and dissimilar constructs. Participants completed measures of the target constructs along with several other individual differences, and correlations among the measures were computed. Moderate to high correlations were found between the target constructs and theoretically related constructs, but they were not were not so high such that they appeared to represent the same underlying dimension. Further, relatively low correlations were found between the target constructs and theoretically unrelated constructs. The purpose of Studies 4 and 5 was to investigate the influence of the target constructs on all-or-nothing behaviour in the domains of group fitness attendance (Study 4) and campus club involvement (Study 5). In both Studies 4 and 5, participants completed measures of the constructs that were believed to relate to an all-or-nothing behavioural pattern, and their adherence to the target behaviours was assessed. I hypothesized a three-way interaction among the target constructs such that the presence of all three would be necessary to predict all-or-nothing behaviour. Results from both Studies 4 and 5 were
consistent with this hypothesis such that individuals who were high in each of the three constructs were more likely to exhibit the all-or-nothing pattern of behaviour than were other individuals. Theoretical implications for understanding processes involved in behaviour change, and practical implications for interventions targeting at-risk individuals, are discussed.

abstract: PhD


title: Electrophysiological Effects of Angiotensin II on Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Neurons of the Rat

contributor:
Ferguson, Alastair V.
Physiology

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subject:
PVN
Angiotensin II

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Physiology) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-18 14:10:22.319

abstract:
The role of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine regulation has been well documented. Much remains unknown however about the integration of synaptic signals within this nucleus and the neuronal subtypes and chemical messengers governing these processes. Angiotensin II (ANG) has been demonstrated to act as a neurotransmitter in PVN where it exerts considerable influence on neuronal excitability. The studies within this thesis were undertaken to delineate the actions of ANG on the membrane properties of PVN neurons and its effect on synaptic transmission within this nucleus.
We report that ANG activates a nitric oxide mediated negative feedback loop in the PVN. The magnitude of the depolarizing response to ANG appears to be dependant on this GABAergic inhibitory input demonstrating there exists within PVN an intrinsic negative feedback loop which modulates neuronal excitability in response to peptidergic excitation. We also demonstrate that the depolarizing response to ANG in magnocellular neurons is in part dependent upon increases in glutamatergic excitatory synaptic input. These data in combination highlight the multiple levels of synaptic integration controlling the output of magnocellular neurons in PVN.
	PVN also contains significant populations of neurosecretory parvocellular neurons which exercise considerable influence over the adenohypophysis and therefore neuroendocrine regulation. ANG caused an AT1 receptor mediated depolarization of these neurosecretory neurons. Voltage-clamp analysis revealed that ANG activated a non-selective cationic current and reduced a sustained potassium current characteristic of IK. These studies identify multiple post-synaptic modulatory sites through which ANG can influence the excitability of neurosecretory parvocellular PVN neurons.
	The findings in this thesis provide the framework for a cellular model of action of ANG within PVN to regulate the activity of this nucleus not only through direct cellular mediated ion channel interactions but also through modulation of synaptic input within the magnocellular system of PVN.

abstract: PhD


title: The Application of Post Consumer Glass as a Cementing Agent in Mine Backfill

contributor:
Archibald, James F.
De Souza, Euler
Mining Engineering

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subject: Backfill Glass

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mining Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-29 15:09:30.281

abstract:
This research evaluated the application of post consumer glass as a cementing agent in underground mine backfills. The underlying theory indicates that glass is pozzolanic and, when used in finely divided form, reacts as an activator to generate binding products, thus contributing to the development of backfill strength. The objective of the research was to evaluate the strength performance of backfills when Normal Portland Cement (NPC) is replaced with various percentages of post consumer glass.

The research evaluated the performance of backfills prepared using tailings from three candidate mines, namely Stobie, David Bell and Kidd Creek. Each backfill was prepared using unique recipes, and the strength and other properties were evaluated at cure times of 7, 14, 28, 56, 112 and 224 days. Laboratory work involved visual, physical and chemical material characterization followed by strength evaluations.

Results of strength assessment reveal that glass, when incorporated as part of the binder in backfill development is reactive, and can contribute to the strength of backfill. Further analysis of the results also indicated that the reactivity of glass may be affected by the incorporation of slag within the recipe, the availability of lime and the level of hydration of the binders.

The research concluded that, at 15 % glass replacement of NPC, backfill prepared with David Bell tailings, NPC and glass can achieve improved or equivalent strength performance compared to backfill prepared with David Bell tailings and NPC. NPC and slag outperformed backfills prepared with NPC, slag and glass at all replacement levels, using tailings from Kidd Creek and Inco-Stobie. However, future work should be designed to maximize the effect of specific pozzolan (for example glass) and material properties (aggregates) on backfill strength performance.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Enhancement of the microbial biotransformation of (-)-trans-carveol to (R)-(-)-carvone by Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 in various two phase partitioning bioreactor configurations

contributor:
Daugulis, Andrew J.
Chemical Engineering

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subject:
Microbial biotransformation
Two phase partitioning bioreactor

abstract: Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-24 10:20:09.589

abstract:
Carvone is a flavor and fragrance compound that is prominent in nature and is found in the essential oils of many plants.  Carvone exists as two enantiomers, (R)-(-)-carvone which has a spearmint aroma and (S)-(+)-carvone which has a caraway aroma and can be used in a variety of applications: as a common food additive, as an antimicrobial/antifungal agent and as a potato sprout inhibitor.  Carvone is currently produced by the extraction of essential oils from plants where the yield and quality of the extracted oil depends largely on successful agricultural production of dill, spearmint and caraway plants.  Biotechnological production can offer a constant supply of carvone that is independent of several agricultural limitations.
In this study, it was confirmed that the substrate and product of the microbial biotransformation of trans-carveol to (R)-(-)-carvone by Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 can be inhibitory to the cells at high concentrations.  As such, a two phase partitioning bioreactor was employed where the function of the second phase (immiscible organic solvent or solid polymer beads) was to partition the inhibitory substrate into the aqueous phase at a rate governed by the metabolic demand of the cells and uptake the inhibitory product as it accumulated in the aqueous phase.  Rational selection strategies were employed when determining the appropriate organic solvent and solid polymer to be used as the second phase.  The performance of the reactor was evaluated based on volumetric productivity, length of biotransformation and total volume of substrate added to the reactor.  The most successful reactor configuration was one in which styrene/butadiene copolymer beads were used as a second phase in the reactor and the fermentation medium was continuously circulated through an external extraction column packed with Hytrel® 8206 polymer beads.  The volumetric productivity, length of biotransformation and total volume of substrate added to this reactor were 99 mg/L.h, 48.75 h and 35 mL, respectively whereas in the single phase benchmark reactor the performance indicators were only 31 mg/L.h, 15.25 h and 5 mL, respectively.  These results clearly show the advantage of employing a partitioning bioreactor configuration for the biotechnological production of high value chemical species that exhibit cytotoxicity.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Neural Regulation in Circular Smooth Muscle of Mouse Lower Esophageal Sphincter

contributor:
Paterson, William G.
Physiology

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subject:
Murine
Neurotransmitter
Smooth Muscle
Interstitial Cells of Cajal
Neurotransmission
Chloride Channels

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Physiology) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-24 15:54:52.175

abstract:
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is characterized by basal tone and appropriately timed neurogenic relaxation. The physiological mechanisms underlying these crucial LES functions remain poorly understood. The current studies were designed to characterize the electrophysiological properties and neural regulation of LES circular smooth muscle (CSM), and to determine whether interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) play a role in neurotransmission. Conventional intracellular recordings were performed in CD1, nNOS knock-out, eNOS knock-out and W/Wv mutant mice. Mouse LES consists of “sling” and “clasp” smooth muscle, which were studied separately in CD1 mice. In subsequent studies of mutant mice and respective controls, only the clasp muscle was examined, Immunohistochemical c-Kit staining of ICC was performed in wild-type and W/Wv mutant mice that were first characterized electrophysiologically.

The smooth muscle of the LES clasp and sling displayed unitary membrane potentials with a resting membrane potential (RMP) of ~ -43 mV. Spontaneous nifedipine-sensitive action potentials superimposed on the unitary potentials were usually recorded in the LES clasp, but not sling muscle. A monophasic inhibitory junction potential (IJP) was recorded in sling CSM, whereas a biphasic IJP consisting of an initial IJP, followed by long-lasting slow IJP (LSIJP) was recorded in clasp. Further pharmacological studies using  control and various knockout mice suggest that: 1. the CSM of the mouse LES is innervated by cholinergic, nitrergic and purinergic nerves; 2. the LSIJP is mediated entirely by nitrergic nerves, whereas purinergic and nitrergic nerves produce the monophasic IJP in the LES sling and initial phase of biphasic IJP in the LES clasp; 3. Ca2+/CaM-kinase II is involved in the regulation of the nitrergic IJPs; 4. TREK-1 K+ channels are not involved in the nitrergic IJP; 5. purinergic and cholinergic neurotransmission is intact in LES CSM of W/Wv mutant mice, whereas nitrergic neurotransmission is impaired in about half of the animals. In animals in which nitrergic neurotransmission was intact, ICC-IM were markedly deficient immunohistologically, suggesting that ICC are not required for nitrergic neurotransmission; 6. impaired nitrergic neurotransmission in W/Wv mutant mice is associated with dysfunction of a Ca2+-dependent signaling cascade primed by spontaneous Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

abstract: PhD


title: Purification of liquid scintillator and Monte Carlo simulations of relevant internal backgrounds in SNO+

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abstract: Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-25 11:07:16.153

abstract:
The SNO+ experiment has begun research and development to engineer replacing the heavy water in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with liquid scintillator in order to study low energy solar neutrinos, double beta decay, and many other exciting physics topics. Experimentation and simulation have been combined to evaluate the purification of the liquid scintillator, linear alkylbenzene, for the SNO+ pro ject. Four radiopurification methods were tested: water and acid extraction, adsorption and distillation. The combination of adsorption and distillation yielded the best results with a reduction factor of 10000. Optical purification tests showed that double distillation and the combination of adsorption and distillation provided the best method of removing optical impurities from the liquid scintillator. Simulation studies showed that it is necessary to minimize internal radioisotopes: 210 Bi, 210 Pb, uranium chain, thorium chain, and 40 K in order to achieve desired uncertainty levels in the measurement
of the pep solar neutrino signal.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Microemulsion

contributor:
Cunningham, Michael F.
Chemical Engineering

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subject: ATRP

abstract: Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-25 11:28:58.816

abstract:
Living/controlled radical polymerization (L/CRP) techniques in aqueous based systems were studied. The main focus of this research was adapting an ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) to a microemulsion polymerization in order to form nano-size particles with low concentration of surfactant.
In conventional microemulsion polymerization, the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was successfully employed with a low weight ratio of surfactant/monomer of 1:10 to produce polymer particles with mean diameters less than 40 nm. Poor control resulted when this microemulsion polymerization was used with reverse ATRP, but using acetone as a phase transfer agent improved the results.
The AGET (activators generated by electron transfer) initiation technique was also employed in microemulsion ATRP. In this “two-step” procedure, a reducing agent, ascorbic acid, was used to reduce the higher oxidation state catalyst in situ during the first stage to initiate a microemulsion polymerization. Monomer was then continuously fed to the microemulsion ATRP to form the final polymer latex. In an effort to improve this microemulsion polymerization, factors such as the catalyst concentration, temperature, and surfactant concentration were studied. Two monomers, butyl acrylate (BA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) were investigated. When BA was used, linear first-order kinetic plots and relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn~1.5) were observed. The final latex had a particle size ~20 nm. When BMA was employed, very fast reaction rates were obtained, leading to poorly controlled polymerizations with quite high polydispersity (Mw/Mn~2). The two-step AGET ATRP procedure in microemulsion provides options for synthesizing polymer nano-particles with low concentration surfactant in aqueous dispersed media.

abstract:
Supervisor Dr. Michael F. Cunningham;
Queen's University

abstract: M.Sc.


title: IM Learning 2 Write? A Study on how Instant Messaging Shapes Student Writing

contributor:
Luce-Kapler, Rebecca
Education

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subject:
Instant Messaging
literacy

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-25 11:40:10.265

abstract:
The increasing popularity of Instant Messaging (IM) among adolescents in North America (Kids' Take On Media, 2003; Lenhart, Ranie & Lewis, 2001; Tagliamonte & Denis, 2006) is prompting two educational debates. One debate contests whether IM is more like speech or writing (e.g. Tagliamonte & Dennis, 2003). The second debate disputes whether IM has a positive or negative effect on school writing (e.g. O’Connor, 2005). This thesis addresses these debates from a New Literacies Studies (NLS) stance. It reports on a qualitative study of the perspectives and literacy practices of high school students. The purpose is to examine how IM shapes student writing and perception of literacy.

The study focuses on the communication that transpired between five experienced IM users—one researcher and four adolescent participants—during a six-week IM writing group. Findings indicate the participants regard IM as a space for written slang; a space where speech and writing merge. Sensitive to context, the participants note that they can switch language registers to accommodate their audience, but they think confusion between registers may be a possibility. They demonstrate an attitude of “linguistic whateverism” (as described by Baron, 2002) when writing in the context of IM to increase efficiency, but they do not use as many acronyms as expected. The “whatever” attitude is linked to mistakes in writing, but it also exposes them to a sense of freedom and enjoyment.

In general, IM provides these students with a new purpose for language, which they perceive as disconnected from school literacy.  The findings suggests that IM language is a hybrid of speech and writing, and connecting IM with school writing (both literally and figuratively) may help teachers be more effective in making school writing processes more relevant to students’ lives. While making this connection, it is important for teachers to emphasize the plurality of literacies and the importance of revising and editing “finished” writing.  In conclusion, this thesis considers new opportunities and concerns for writing pedagogy and new prospects for language research.

abstract:
Queen's University;
Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program (OGS)

abstract: M.Ed.


title: Host-Guest Complexation Based on Cucurbiturils

contributor:
Macartney, Donal H.
Chemistry

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subject: Cucurbiturils

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-26 01:58:19.958

abstract:
This thesis deals with the effects of host-guest complexation, based on cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n], n = 6, 7 and 8) host molecule, on the chemical, electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of the included guests. Both CB[6] and CB[7] form 1:1 complexes with [CH3bpy(CH2)6bpyCH]4+3, encapsulating the central hexamethylene chain. With its relatively larger cavity, a second CB[7] host will include one of the viologen units, forcing, through steric and electronic repulsions, the first CB[7] to abandon the inclusion of the central chain and move to the other viologen unit, thus forming a [3]pseudorotaxane. The inclusion of the two enantiomers of protonated N-benzyl-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine in the achiral CB[7] results in a five-fold increase in the molar optical rotation of {BNEAH•CB[7]}+ and significant changes in the longer wavelength band in the circular dichroism spectra, attributed to a restricted rotation of the naphthyl group about the chiral center upon inclusion of the benzyl portion of the guest in the CB[7] cavity.
  The effects of host-guest complexation of the (trimethylammonio)- methylferrocene(+/2+) couple (FcTMA+/2+) by CB[7] on the kinetics of its electron self-exchange and electron transfer reactions were investigated. The slow exchange of the ferrocene guest, allows for the simultaneous monitoring of the 1H NMR line-broadening for both the FcTMA++ and {FcTMA•CB[7]} species in the presence of the paramagnetic FcTMA2+; The electron self-exchange rate constant increases moderately upon inclusion of both reduced and oxidized species, while the rate constants for the oxidation of ferrocenes by the bis(2,6-pyridinedicarboxylato)cobaltate(III) ion (which does not bind to CB[7]), were significantly reduced a result of reduced thermodynamic driving forces and steric hindrance to close approach of the oxidant to the encapsulated ferrocenes. This work was extended to investigations of the inclusion of bis(ferrocene) guests, demonstrating that a sufficiently long linker is required to accommodate a CB[7] host on each ferrocene unit. The formation of stable host-guest complexes of the bent titanocene, TiCp2+(H22O)2, with both CB[7] and CB[8] were characterized in aqueous solution. The CB[8] formed a more stable complex than CB[7], contrary to the order observed with ferrocene guests, attributable to the larger radius of the bent titanocene guest.

abstract: PhD


title: A biomechanical analysis of the Sit-to-Stand transfer in individuals with Parkinson's Disease

contributor:
Norman, Kathleen
Rehabilitation Science

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subject: Parkinson's Disease

abstract: Thesis (Master, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-26 10:54:10.996

abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to compare the sit-to-stand (STS) transfer in normal elderly subjects and people with Parkinson’s disease, using kinematic and kinetic analysis. Design: A cross-sectional cohort study using a control group and a group of individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition that is characterized by hypokinesia, akinesia, tremor, rigidity and postural instability. In individuals with PD, falling is a common risk and occurs most frequently during walking or other locomotor activities that involve a shift in the centre of mass, an example being the daily STS transfer. This study aimed to help the clinician gain a better understanding of the biomechanical analysis of the STS transfer in individuals with PD. Methods: Fourteen subjects with PD and fourteen age matched healthy individuals performed the STS transfer at their self-selected speed from a height-standardized seat in a laboratory setting. Analysis was based on ground reaction forces, joint angles calculated from two-dimensional kinematic data, and time to complete the task. Results: Subjects with PD took longer than control subjects to complete the STS. Also, there were differences in the ground reaction forces between individuals with PD and their age-matched controls. Conclusion: In line with other findings about movement in PD, the individuals with PD were slower, exerted less force and used different strategies than age-matched controls.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Workload Adaptation in Autonomic Database Management Systems

contributor:
Martin, Patrick
Computing

format:
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subject:
Workload Adaptation
Self-Managing Systems

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-28 21:22:25.139

abstract:
Workload adaptation is a performance management process in which an autonomic database management system (DBMS) efficiently makes use of its resources by filtering or controlling the workload presented to it in order to meet its Service Level Objectives (SLOs). It is a challenge to adapt multiple workloads with complex resource requirements towards their performance goals while taking their business importance into account. This thesis studies approaches and techniques for workload adaptation.

First we build a general framework for workload adaptation in autonomic DBMSs, which is composed of two processes, namely workload detection and workload control. The processes are in turn made up of four functional components - workload characterization, performance modeling, workload control, and system monitoring.

We then implement a query scheduler that performs workload adaptation in a DBMS, as the test bed to prove the effectiveness of the framework. The query scheduler manages multiple classes of queries to meet their performance goals by allocating DBMS resources through admission control in the presence of workload fluctuation. The resource allocation plan is derived by maximizing the objective function that encapsulates the performance goals of all classes and their importance to the business. First-principle performance models are used to predict the performance under the new resource allocation plan. Experiments with IBM® DB2® are conducted to show the effectiveness of the framework.

The effectiveness of the workload adaptation depends on the accuracy of the performance prediction. Finally we introduce a tracking filter (Kalman filter) to improve the accuracy of the performance prediction. Experimental results show that the approach is able to reduce the number of unpredicted SLO violations and prediction errors.

abstract: PhD


title: The Applicability of Passive Treatment Systems for the Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage at the Williams Brothers Mine, Mariposa County, California: Bench- and Pilot-Scale Studies

contributor: Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering

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subject:
Acid Mine Drainage
Passive Treatment

abstract: Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-29 12:42:03.58

abstract:
The Williams Brothers Mine is located in Mariposa County, California. Surface waters from the site drain into the south fork of the Merced River and the San Joaquin River Basin. The mine was developed in the 1980s and mined intermittently until 1996. In 1998, concerns of acidic drainage at the site arose. Effluent sampling by Engineering Remediation Resources Group (ERRG) found acid mine drainage (AMD) characterized by a pH of 3.9, sulphate concentrations of 100 mg/L and low metal concentrations of 0.074, 4.60, 1.23, 0.047 and 0.133 mg/L for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn, respectively. The aim of this research was to evaluate passive treatment system alternatives for the mitigation of the AMD to meet water quality objectives for the San Joaquin River Basin.

A bench-scale study was undertaken which consisted of 3 systems treating synthetic AMD: (1) a peat biofilter to remove dissolved metals followed by an anoxic limestone drain (ALD) to increase alkalinity and pH; (2) a sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) bioreactor followed by an ALD, in which SRB reduce sulphate to sulfides, generating alkalinity and decreasing metal concentrations via metal sulfide precipitation; and (3) a SRB bioreactor.

Synthetic AMD was produced to represent AMD characteristics observed at the site. The peat-ALD system effluent pH was 6.9 and concentrations of Fe and Cu decreased to below water quality objectives with concentrations of 0.008 and 0.06, respectively. The SRB-ALD and SRB system effluents met water quality objectives for pH and Cu, Ni and Zn metal concentrations. The effluent pH for both systems was 6.5. The SRB-ALD system reduced Cu, Ni and Zn to concentrations of 0.004, 0.016 and 0.025 mg/L, respectively. The SRB system reduced metal concentrations for Cu, Ni and Zn 0.006, 0.010 and 0.027 mg/L, respectively.

Based on the bench-scale study, the pilot-scale system consisted of a combined passive treatment system containing a peat biofilter, SRB bioreactor and a limestone drain. Pilot-scale testing commenced on May 23rd, 2007.  To date, some metal attenuation has been observed, with average effluent concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn equal to <0.005, 0.92, 0.45, <0.005 and 0.049 mg/L, respectively.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Language Implementation by Source Transformation

contributor:
Cordy, James R.
Computing

format:
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subject:
Computer Science
Software Engineering
Source Transformation
Compiler
Language Implementation

abstract: Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-29 19:31:31.454

abstract: Compilation involves transforming a high level language source program into an equivalent assembly or machine language program. Programming language implementation can therefore be viewed as a source to source transformation from the original high level source code to the corresponding low level assembly language source code. This thesis presents an experiment in implementing an entire programming language system using declarative source transformation. To this end a complete compiler/interpreter is implemented using TXL, a source transformation system. The TXL-based PT Pascal compiler/interpreter is implemented in phases similar to those in a traditional compiler. In the lexical and syntactic analysis phase any lexical and syntactic errors present are detected when the source program is parsed according to the TXL grammar specified. The semantic analysis phase is then run in which semantic checks are performed on the source program and error messages are generated when semantic errors are detected. The source program is also annotated with type information. The typed intermediate code produced by the semantic analysis phase can be directly executed in the execution phase.  Alternatively, the intermediate typed source can be transformed into a bytecode instruction sequence by running the code generation phase. This bytecode instruction sequence is then executed by a TXL implementation of an abstract stack machine in the code simulation phase. The TXL-based PT Pascal compiler/interpreter is compared against the traditional S/SL implementation of the PT Pascal compiler. The declarative style of TXL makes the rules and functions in the TXL-based PT Pascal compiler/interpreter easier to understand and the number of lines of code in the TXL implementation is less than in the S/SL implementation. The TXL implementation is however slower and less scalable. The implementation of the TXL-based PT Pascal compiler/interpreter and the advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed in greater detail in this thesis.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: A Series-Parallel Resonant Topology and New Gate Drive Circuits for Low Voltage DC to DC Converter

contributor:
Liu, Yan-Fei
Sen, Paresh C.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

format:
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subject:
Resonant Converter
Resonant Gate Drive

abstract: Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-29 22:37:09.812

abstract:
With rapid progress in microelectronics technology, high-performance Integrated Circuits (ICs) bring huge challenge to design the power supplies. Fast loop response is required to handle the high transient current of devices. Power solution size is demanded to reduce due to the size reduction of integrated circuits. The best way to meet these harsh requirements is to increase switching frequency of power supplies. Along with the benefits of increasing switching frequency, the power supplies will suffer from high switching loss and high gate charge loss as these losses are frequency dependant losses.

This thesis investigates the best topology to minimize the switching loss. The Series-Parallel Resonant Converter (SPRC) with current-doubler is mainly analyzed for high frequency low voltage high current application. The advantages and disadvantages of SPRC with current-doubler are presented. A new adaptive synchronous rectifiers timing control scheme is also proposed. The proposed timing control scheme demonstrates it can minimize body diode conduction loss of synchronous rectifiers and therefore improve the efficiency of the converter.

This thesis also proposes two families of new resonant gate drive circuits. The circuits recover a portion of gate drive energy that is total lost in conventional gate drive circuit. In addition to reducing gate charge loss, it also reduces the switching losses of the power switches. Detail operation principle, loss analysis and design guideline of the proposed drive circuits are provided. Simulation and experimental results are also presented.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Subject to Failure

contributor:
Day, Richard J. F.
Sociology

format:
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subject:
Subjection
Discourse analysis
Fantasy

abstract: Thesis (Master, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-30 10:31:51.525

abstract: My project here is to look at how uncovering those unconscious and phantasmatic identifications in the social field can lead to the possibility of altering subjectivity or, at the very least, tracing how subjects are formed through structure and how they are psychically linked to ideological structure. This thesis suggests that subjection is never total or complete and that when viewed from an awry or skewed perspective, particular discourses and modes of subjection are revealed to be neither permanent, true nor necessary—we can always open up new spaces of subjectivity and discourse and through the practice of ‘tracing’ structure we can discern how we are determined and at which points structure constrains or enables us. My work is an effort to supplement theories of discourse analysis/ideology critique with psychoanalytic concepts, and more specifically, the psychoanalytic category of fantasy to discuss the ways in which discourses are provided with coherence and how subjects are tethered/binded to discursive fields. In my discussion of the non-discursive, I will be drawing from the Freudian concept of unheimlich, or the uncanny, to discuss the ways in which discursive fields become disrupted by repressed or “foreign” elements. I contend that the subject always exceeds structure, and for this reason, there is always room for resistance within discursive fields.

abstract: M.A.


title: Single Stage Power Factor Corrected Three-Level Resonant Converters

contributor:
Jain, Praveen K.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

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subject:
Power Factor Correction
Resonant Converters
Three Level Converters
Variable Frequency Control
Pulse Width Modulation
Phase Shift Modulation

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-30 14:28:15.725

abstract:
In this thesis, a new approach for single-stage power factor correction converters is proposed to increase their power ratings to be in the multiple kilowatts levels. The proposed techniques are based on the utilization of modified three-level resonant converter topologies. These topologies provide low component stresses, high frequency operation, zero voltage switching, applicability under a wide range of input and output conditions as well as added control flexibility. The proposed control algorithms are based on a combination of variable frequency and asymmetrical pulse width modulation control or variable frequency and phase shift modulation control. In either case, the variable frequency control is used to tightly regulate the output voltage, whereas, pulse width or phase shift modulation is used to regulate the dc-bus voltage as well as the input power factor. New converter topologies, their operation and steady state and dynamic analyses are presented in details.
A modelling approach based on average multiple frequency methods is also proposed. This approach leads to the development of a full order state space model with the two control variables explicitly separated allowing a better controller design. The model can be used either at high level of detail expressing the non-linearities of the system or it can readily be simplified to a linear decoupled model for approximate solutions.
Finally, a discrete time controller for the proposed converters, which is suitable for FPGA implementation, is presented. Analytical, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the proposed concepts.

abstract: PhD


title: Determination of platinum group elements in environmental samples using in-line mini-column pre-concentration and separation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

contributor:
Kyser, T. Kurtis
Beauchemin, Diane
Chemistry

format:
1409276 bytes
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subject:
Platinum group elements
ICP-MS
Alumina
Method development

abstract: Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-30 19:40:54.673

abstract:
A method for the determination of platinum group elements (PGEs) in natural tree samples was developed.  An alumina column in-line with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) achieves the separation of interferents as well as pre-concentration of the analytes.

The application of this proposed method on tree top samples displayed an effective separation of Ru, Rh, Re, Pd, Ir and Pt from the interferents, Ni, Cu and Zn for quantitative analysis of the analytes.  The concentration data was compared to ICP-HRMS data and while it was difficult to determine whether the concentrations were in agreement or not, as both methods have a large degree of error.  However, both methods displayed elevated concentrations of PGEs in areas over geological conductors in Rock Lake, Manitoba.

This proposed method offers distinct advantages over previous on-line methods, as it is extended to include multiple PGEs as well as reduces sample consumption to a more suitable volume for natural samples.  While the detection limit is higher than previous methods due to the lowered sample volume, it is still lower than the detection limits reported in commercial laboratories.

abstract: Anglo American

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Optimizing fracture management: Correlating the physical and mechanical properties of bone to computed tomography to generate an estimate of bone quality

contributor:
MacIntyre, Norma J.
Ploeg, Heidi-Lynn
Sellens, Rick
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

format:
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subject:
Biomechanics
Bone quality
Computed tomography
Bone mineral content

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-31 22:00:08.77

abstract:
Non-invasive estimates of bone quality are of great interest as they could potentially improve the diagnosis and treatments for bone disorders, such as osteoporosis, and could aid in preoperative planning of surgical interventions, improving patient outcomes in orthopaedic trauma.
Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is currently being investigated as a method of estimating structural bone mineral content (sBMC) and, thus, bone quality. However, the reported correlations between QCT and sBMC have been variable and the relationships reported between sBMC and the apparent elastic modulus (E*) of bone have been even more variable.
A series of investigations are presented, relating QCT, sBMC, apparent density and the E* of bone. These studies were performed with the ultimate objective of determining the appropriateness of QCT as a predictor of the E* of bone and whether the E* of bone could be predicted from information regarding the sBMC and apparent density.

abstract: This work was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


identifier: Heie, Nolan.  “Ernst Haeckel and the Morphology of Ethics.” Journal of the Canadian Historical Association.  Vol. 15 (2004).  1–27.

contributor:
Mah, Harold
History

format:
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subject:
German History
Intellectual History

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-31 15:39:57.866

abstract: A respected marine biologist at the University of Jena, Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919) was the most visible proponent of Darwin’s theory of evolution in Germany around the turn of the twentieth century.  Alongside his natural-scientific research activities, he attempted to popularise a philosophy that he dubbed ‘Monism’ – which consisted essentially of mid-nineteenth-century mechanistic materialism permeated with elements derived from early-nineteenth-century German Romantic pantheism – and to use this outlook as the basis for a worldwide anticlerical movement.  His popular science books were an outstanding success, selling hundreds of thousands of copies throughout the world, but his organisation attracted far fewer adherents.  By examining Haeckel’s popular science writings and contemporary reactions to them, especially among lesser-known contemporaries who have received relatively little attention in previous studies, this thesis explores the subjective appeal of Haeckel’s monistic philosophy.  Specifically, it investigates the way in which he employed metaphors and visual images to communicate scientific and philosophical concepts, and in so doing seemed to provide his readers with what they had feared lost along with the decline of orthodox religious belief: a feeling of greater purpose, a foundation for ethical behaviour, an appreciation of beauty in the world, and a stable sense of identity.  The imagery and metaphors that he employed were open to multiple interpretations, and others saw in them an expression of the destructive modern forces that threatened to bring about social collapse.  Paradoxically, the same devices that accounted for Haeckel’s appeal as a popular science writer contributed to the incoherence and fragmentation of his Monism movement.

abstract: PhD


title: Woven in Stone: The Use of Symmetry Analysis Methodology to Determine Underlying Patterns of Symmetry in the Polychrome Painted Decorations on Some Athenian Korai

contributor:
Foley, Anne
Classics

format:
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subject:
Kore
Korai
Archaic Greek Sculpture
Symmetry Analysis
Symmetry in Art
Pattern Perception
Repetitive Patterns

abstract: Thesis (Master, Classics) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-31 13:25:56.567

abstract:
Many studies of the Archaic Greek kore focus exclusively on stylistic considerations in an attempt to date these statues more and more accurately. Other studies propose various meanings for the kore. Each of these approaches can be extremely subjective, with the result that the large body of extant literature about the kore tends to be repetitive and argumentative in nature, and, with several exceptions, does not advance the understanding of the kore to any
appreciable degree past where it had developed by the 1980s. I use a different, more empirical methodology to study a small group of korai, found in the 1880s near the
Erechtheion on the Athenian Akropolis.
Symmetry analysis of the patterns painted onto these korai at the time of their creation reveals both consistency of pattern use through the period of seventy years between c560 BCE and c490 BCE, as well as some anomalous patterns. I tabulate the various patterns, as well as their frequency of occurrence, and briefly speculate that there is a correlation between the pattern consistencies and anomalies and events in the known historical record, such as the
mid-6th century rule by the Peisistratids and the democratic reforms of Kleisthenes. I also propose other directions in which the study of the kore could be taken using symmetry analysis.

abstract: M.A.


title: Metal ion promoted hydrolysis of the organophosphorus pesticide diazinon

contributor:
Buncel, Erwin
Chemistry

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subject:
Organophosphorus pesticide
Metal ion
Hydrolysis
Diazinon

abstract: Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-31 13:47:24.044

abstract:
The chemical fate of organophosphorus pesticides is influenced by several factors, one being the chemistry of their aquatic environment. Dissolved metal ions have been shown in several instances to promote the hydrolysis of organophosphorus pesticides, with various reasons forwarded as to the intimate mechanism of metal ion promoted hydrolysis. Several postulates have suggested metal ion co-ordination of Lewis sites to be an important factor in promoting the reaction. In view of this, the study herein reports on the promoted hydrolysis of diazinon at various pH’s in the presence of several metal ions including Hg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Ag+.

The observed 1H and 31P NMR data indicated complexation of Cu2+ and Ag+ with diazinon through the formation of a six-membered ring (chelate), via co-ordination at both nitrogen and sulfur Lewis base sites. In contrast, NMR results with Hg2+ indicated Hg2+ ion promoted hydrolysis of diazinon through co-ordination at sulfur alone, possibly through stronger binding to the altered transition state than the reactant state. Another possibility would entail lowering of the pKa of H2O on metal complexation, thus facilitating nucleophilic attack.

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) substantiated the proposed metal ion complexation. In the case of Cu2+ and Ag+, complexation between diazinon and metal ions was observed at given m/z ratios, while subsequent MS/MS analysis of the complexed ions revealed co-ordination at both S and N sites by Cu2+ and Ag+. No complexation between diazinon and Hg2+ was observed in ESI-MS; however Hg2+ was shown to complex the hydrolytic product O,O diethyl phosphorothioic acid, presumably through sulfur.

Hydrolysis of diazinon was studied at several pH’s at 22oC in the presence of Hg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Ag+, by following spectrophotometrically the appearance of 2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol. Kinetic data showed Hg2+, Cu2+ and Ag+ to be extremely effective in neutral-to-mildly acidic conditions, with a reduced effect in the presence of Cd2+. Smaller rate enhancements were also observed at slightly lower pH of 4.0. Possible factors include; 1) Competing acid hydrolysis involving protonation at one heterocyclic N of diazinon (N-3). 2) The dominant nature of the HgCl2 species at pH 4.0. 3) Metal speciation.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: A Study of the Roles of Selected Arginine and Lysine Residues of TAFI in Its Activation to TAFIa by the Thrombin-Thrombomodulin Complex

contributor:
Nesheim, Michael E.
Biochemistry

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subject: TAFI Hemostasis

abstract: Thesis (Master, Biochemistry) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-31 15:10:19.209

abstract:
Thrombin-activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) is a 60 kDa plasma protein that can be activated to the enzyme, TAFIa, by thrombin, plasmin or trypsin.  TAFIa is a carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme that attenuates fibrinolysis.  Thrombomodulin (TM) is a cofactor which increases the overall efficiency of thrombin-mediated TAFI activation by 1250-fold.  Thus, the thrombin-TM complex is believed to be the physiological TAFI activator.
The minimal structure of TM required for efficient TAFI activation contains the EGF-like domains 3 through 6.  New structure models have postulated that the C-loop of TM EGF-like domain 3 has a negatively charged molecular surface that could interact with several positively charged surface patches on TAFI.
In this study, we constructed recombinant TAFI variants to assess whether the selected positively charged residues on TAFI complement the negative electrostatic potential of the TM EGF-like domain 3, thereby promoting the TAFI-TM interaction in the formation of the ternary thrombin/TM/TAFI complex.
  TAFI has exclusive triple lysine residues on its activation peptide.  When they are substituted by alanine residues (K42/43/44A), compared to the wild-type, the catalytic efficiencies for TAFI activation by thrombin in the presence and absence of TM decreased by factors of 9 and 3.5, respectively.  Other derivatives of TAFI with alanine point mutations at positions K133, K211, K212, and R220, which together represent one positively charged surface patch of TAFI, showed decreased catalytic efficiencies for TAFI activation by thrombin-TM complex from 2.4 to 2.9-fold.  A second positive surface patch includes residues K240 and R275.  Alanine mutations of these two residues caused decreased catalytic efficiencies by 1.7 and 2.1-fold, respectively.  Together, our data show that no single mutation completely eliminates TM dependence in TAFI activation by thrombin, but each mutated residue contributes in the formation of the ternary thrombin/TM/TAFI complex.  In addition, all TAFIa derivatives had half lives (8.1 ± 0.6 min) comparable to that of wild-type TAFIa (8.4 ± 0.3 min) at 37 ºC, suggesting that these residues are not involved in TAFIa inactivation by conformational instability.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: A Quantitative Investigation of Selected Reactions in the Fibrinolytic Cascade

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subject: Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor

subject: Procarboxypeptidase U

subject: Fibrinolysis

subject: Plasminogen

subject: Tissue Plasminogen Activator

subject: Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1

subject: Plasmin

subject: Antiplasmin

subject: Enzyme Kinetics

subject: Fibrin

abstract: Thesis (Master, Biochemistry) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-31 17:04:50.447

abstract:
Previous work has shown that thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) was unable to prolong lysis of purified clots in the presence of Lys-plasminogen (Lys-Pg), indicating a possible mechanism for fibrinolysis to circumvent prolongation mediated by activated TAFI (TAFIa).  Therefore, the effects of TAFIa on Lys-Pg activation and Lys-plasmin (Lys-Pn) inhibition by antiplasmin (AP) were quantitatively investigated using a fluorescently labeled recombinant Pg mutant which does not produce active Pn.  High molecular weight fibrin degradation products (HMW-FDPs), a soluble fibrin surrogate that models Pn modified fibrin, treated with TAFIa decreased the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of 5IAF-Glu-Pg cleavage by 417-fold and of 5IAF-Lys-Pg cleavage by 55-fold.  A previously devised intact clot system was used to measure the apparent second order rate constant (k2) for Pn inhibition by AP over time.  While TAFIa was able to abolish the protection associated with Pn modified fibrin in clots formed with Glu-Pg, it was not able to abolish the protection in clots formed with Lys-Pg.  However, TAFIa was still able to prolong the lysis of clots formed with Lys-Pg.
TAFIa prolongs clot lysis by removing the positive feedback loop for Pn generation.  The effect of TAFIa modification of the HMW-FDPs on the rate of tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) inhibition by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) was investigated using a previously devised end point assay.  HMW-FDPs decreased the k2 for tPA inhibition rate by 3-fold.  Thus, HMW-FDPs protect tPA from PAI-1.  TAFIa treatment of the HMW-FDPs resulted in no change in protection.  Vitronectin also did not appreciably affect tPA inhibition by PAI-1.  Pg, in conjunction with HMW-FDPs, decreased the k2 for tPA inhibition by 30-fold.  Hence, Pg, when bound to HMW-FDPs, protects tPA by an additional 10-fold.  TAFIa treatment of the HMW-FDPs completely removed this additional protection provided by Pg.  In conclusion, an additional mechanism was identified whereby TAFIa can prolong clot lysis by increasing the rate of tPA inhibition by PAI-1 by eliminating the protective effects of Pn-modified fibrin and Pg.  Because TAFIa can suppress Lys-Pg activation but cannot attenuate Lys-Pn inhibition by AP, the Glu- to Lys-Pg/Pn conversion is able to act as a fibrinolytic switch to ultimately lyse the clot.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Activation Tagging as a Powerful Tool for Gene Discovery in Poplar

contributor:
Regan, Sharon
Biology

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subject:
Populus alba x Populus tremula
activation tagging
transgenic
developemental mutant
functional genomics

abstract: Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-31 16:09:03.458

abstract: Our understanding of tree growth and development has increased substantially in the last few decades and is expected to increase much more as we fully exploit newly developed genomic tools. A major milestone in tree genomics was the sequencing of the entire genome of Populus trichocarpa, and the realization that we understand the function of very few of the 45,000 predicted genes in this genome. To advance our knowledge of gene function in Populus, we have created the largest population of mutant poplars to date which will enable us to link altered phenotypes with genes that are responsible. This thesis describes this mutant population, provides preliminary results on the complexity of mutants identified and examines one distinct mutant called shriveled leaf. These results clearly demonstrate the power of this population for gene function analysis and reveal that this population will be a valuable genomic resource for tree biotechnology for many years to come.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Batch and Bench-Scale Fixed-Bed Column Evaluations of Heavy Metal Removals From Aqueous Solutions and Synthetic Landfill Leachate Using Low-Cost Natural Adsorbents

contributor:
Champagne, Pascale
Civil Engineering

format:
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subject:
Heavy Metal
Adsorption
Synthetic Landfill Leachate
Low-Cost Natural Adsorbents

abstract: Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-31 22:37:34.381

abstract:
In this project, three separate experiments were conducted to assess heavy metal removal from metal aqueous solutions and synthetic landfill leachate by adsorption using low-cost natural adsorbents.
Fundamental batch investigations indicated that the 4.0-4.75 mm crushed mollusk shells and the Sphagnum peat moss were the best adsorbents for cadmium and nickel removal, respectively. Peat moss was also found to have the highest adsorption capacities for manganese and cobalt adsorption.
The adsorption capacities of the peat moss and crushed mollusk shells used as natural adsorbents for the adsorption of cadmium and nickel from binary aqueous solutions in fixed-bed columns under continuous flow conditions were investigated. The life expectancy of each adsorbent in the fixed-bed columns was also assessed for different hydraulic loading rates. The flow rate of 1.5 mL/min (surface loading of 27.52 cm3/cm2•day) and bed depth of 15 cm were identified as the better operational conditions from the column testing. The results indicated that 47.9% and 42.7% cadmium and nickel removal efficiencies could obtained under these operational conditions, respectively.
Finally, the peat moss and the crushed mollusk shells were packed in bench-scale down-flow fixed-bed columns to evaluate their adsorption capacities as natural low-cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aerated and non-aerated synthetic landfill leachate. The flow rate applied in this operation was 1.5 mL/min (surface loading of 27.52 cm3/cm2•day). Peat was found to have the best adsorption capacities in columns treating aerated synthetic leachate for cadmium (78.6%) and nickel (83.8%) removal efficiencies.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: A Study of Subsonic Air-Air Ejectors with Short Bent Mixing Tubes

contributor:
Birk, Michael A.
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

format:
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subject:
Ejector
Mixing tube
Bent
Entraining

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-03-31 05:53:54.89

abstract:
An experimental and numerical study of air-air bent exhaust ejectors was carried out. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of a bend on the performance of exhaust ejectors. The ejectors consisted of nozzles, mixing tubes and in some cases entraining diffusers. As part of this study the effect of swirl in the primary flow and the temperature ratio of the primary to the secondary flow were also investigated.
The study included testing of round and oblong sectioned ejectors with and without entraining diffusers. The experimental testing was performed on two different wind tunnels capable of blowing air at a maximum mass flow rate of 2.2 kg/s at ambient and elevated temperatures. Flow measurements were made upstream of the nozzle, at the nozzle exit and at the exit of the ejector. Pumping, pressure rise and total efficiency of the ejector were studied with respect to the bend angle, swirl angle and the primary to secondary flow temperature ratio. A commercial CFD code was used to evaluate the effectiveness of commercial CFD using limited resources for designing of such devices.
The pumping ratio and pressure rise decrease with the increase in the degree of bend. Swirl up to a certain angle has a useful effect on the performance of a bent ejector. The entraining diffuser enhances the performance of a bent ejector. The CFD models based on commercial solver were able to predict the flow structures and the variation of the performance parameters with the bend and swirl angle. However, generally the CFD models were not able to predict the exact values of the performance parameters.

abstract:
NSERC
DND
WR Davis

abstract: PhD


title: Exploration of social integration of people with intellectual disabilities in the workplace

contributor:
Lysaght, Rosemary
Rehabilitation Science

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subject:
People with intellectual disabilities
Workplace integration
Social integration
Workplace culture

abstract: Thesis (Master, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-01 15:55:38.935

abstract:
The objective of the study was to explore social integration of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the workplace and to identify the characteristics of positive workplace culture for them.  An in-depth qualitative case study was conducted at two worksites to explore the process of social integration.  Sources of information included company documents, on site observations, and interviews that were conducted for the following purposes:
1.	to describe employees with IDs’ perceptions and needs of social integration and their experiences of social relationships in work settings;
2.	to explore co-workers’ perceptions of and relationships with employees with ID; and
3.	to identify what characteristics of workplace culture contributed to or detracted from social integration for people with ID.
One workplace was an educational organization where four workers with ID were employed, the other a restaurant franchise where one worker with ID was employed.  The participants with ID from both worksites believed people with and without disabilities should work together and felt they were included in their workplaces.  The co-workers interviewed had positive opinions of fellow employees with ID.  Several characteristics of workplace culture had an impact on social integration for employees with ID, including a job structure that promotes social interactions, work pace within the work setting, group or individual employment, culture of acceptance within the work setting, and a supportive managerial approach.
The results of the current study have provided strategies to enhance social integration for employees with ID, and highlighted a number of potentially beneficial workplace conditions that merit additional study.  Service providers can act as advocates to help create a work environment that emphasizes acceptance and respect for workers in this population.

abstract: South Eastern Ontario Community-University Research Alliance in Intellectual Disabilities

abstract: M.Sc.


title: The reading of MacKenzie King

contributor:
McKay, Ian G.
History

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subject:
MacKenzie King, William Lyon
Reading

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-31

abstract:
This study observes Mackenzie King as a reader. By examining the marginalia in
the books preserved in his library and his responses to that reading recorded in his
diary and correspondence, this study shows that King was a critical user of texts and
that he worked all his life to improve himself. King habitually read for information and
inspiration; he sought to perfect the mind, the body and the soul.

Three case studies trace out important phases in King’s development. King learned
from reading political biography and, in particular, he studied the life of Gladstone to
prepare himself for the role of prime minister. He found in the psychology of William
James new ways to achieve psychic health; he enlarged his outlook and deepened
and broadened his faith. In a final phase, King turned to the reading of spiritualism
which complemented his Christian idealism and provided solace to a lonely man.
The newly opened files on spiritualism at the National Archives reveal King to be a
man who seriously explored psychical research. Reading was an important part of
King’s life; it informed his politics and it shaped his religion.

abstract: PhD


title: Ca2+ influx and release in Aplysia bag cell neurons

contributor:
Magoski, Neil S.
Physiology

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abstract: Thesis (Master, Physiology) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-05 18:06:01.751

abstract:
Intracellular Ca2+ is influenced by extracellular Ca2+ influx and release from internal stores.  Depending on the initial influx, a range of responses can result.  To better understand the processes surrounding Ca2+ handling, I examined intracellular Ca2+ following receptor-operated or voltage-gated Ca2+ influx in bag cell neurons of the marine mollusc, Aplysia californica.  Following a brief synaptic input, these neuroendocrine cells undergo a 30 min period of firing, known as the afterdischarge, triggering secretion of neuropeptides that initiate egg-laying.  I hypothesize that Ca2+ influx occurs via receptor-mediated activation of a non-selective cation channel and activity-dependent elevation of Ca2+ produces Ca2+ release from intracellular stores.  To test this, cultured bag cell neurons were injected with Ca2+ indicator, fura-PE3, and subjected to simultaneous imaging and electrophysiology.
Pharmacological activation of a non-selective cation channel that drives the afterdischarge, produced inward current and, as assessed by Mn2+-quench of fura, Ca2+ entry.  This receptor-operated Ca2+ influx pathway may contribute to plasticity or secretion.  Voltage-gated Ca2+ influx was investigated using trains of action potentials delivered at 5 Hz, 10 s (mimicking the synaptic input that initiates the afterdischarge) or 5 Hz, 1 min (mimicking the fast phase of the afterdischarge).  While both trains transiently elevated intracellular Ca2+, only the 5 Hz, 1 min stimulus produced a Ca2+ rise that markedly outlasted the initial influx, consistent with Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR).  Thus, robust Ca2+ influx is required to trigger bag cell neuron CICR.
Depletion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum store, with Ca2+-ATPase blocker, cyclopiazonic acid, or collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, with protonophore, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone, significantly attenuated CICR.  Furthermore, application of tetraphenylphosphonium, a blocker of mitochondrial Ca2+ release, also reduced CICR.  Dual depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria did not reduce CICR further than depletion of mitochondria alone.  Thus, in departure from the traditional mechanism of CICR, bag cell neuron CICR relies ultimately on mitochondrial Ca2+ release.  Finally, intracellular Ca2+ changes during, and after, a stimulus mimicking the full afterdischarge were enhanced by PKC activation.  Activity-dependent induction of CICR in bag cell neurons has the potential to influence secretion, membrane currents, or gene expression.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: CO2-Triggered Switchable Solvent Systems and Their Applications

contributor:
Jessop, Philip G.
Chemistry

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subject:
Switchable
Carbon Dioxide

abstract: Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-07 15:21:31.499

abstract:
This thesis begins with the introduction of solvents and their classification. The two solvent system studied here are switchable polarity solvents (SPS). A switchable polarity solvent is a liquid where its polarity can change between two forms by a trigger. These two solvent systems have several similar characteristics. First, they both require CO2 as the switching agent, which can be switched back by its removal with heat or N2. The first project is the continuation of previous work with using an amidine and alcohol mixtures as a switchable polarity solvent. The second project was the development of a new switchable polarity solvent that is based on the reaction of a secondary amine with CO2. Both solvent systems are fully characterized by many analytical techniques and examples of applications in chemical reaction and separation are outlined.
The final project involves using these solvent systems, among others, in the separation of soybean oil. The aim was to use SPS technology to extract soybean oil from the bean flakes, and then separate the oil from the extracting solvent.

abstract: There is confidential work done in collaboration with a company.  Please hold this thesis for 6 months before release, thanks.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Investigations of Asphaltene-Metal Interactions

contributor:
Karan, Kunal
Chemical Engineering

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subject: Asphaltenes Adsorption Kinetics

abstract: Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-08 15:46:54.204

abstract:
Asphaltenes are the most polar fraction of petroleum that can precipitate due to changes in pressure, temperature and composition which may be encountered during petroleum production and transportation. The precipitated asphaltenes can subsequently deposit on the surfaces of production/transportation pipelines and clog the pipeline partially or completely. Why asphaltenes deposit on a metal surface remains a poorly understood topic. This thesis investigates asphaltene-metal interactions through physical and chemical characterization of the adsorption behaviour of asphaltenes on metal surfaces.
A relatively novel technique called quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was employed to study the kinetics of asphaltene adsorption and the data analyzed to estimate the adsorption isotherm. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was employed to determine the functional groups in bulk asphaltene and adsorbed asphaltene. The asphaltene adsorption experiments on metal surfaces were carried out in toluene medium at dilute concentration ranging 10-1500 ppm. A mathematical model was developed to analyze the XPS data, which was subsequently assessed to estimate the fractional coverage and thickness of adsorbed asphaltene.  The isotherms generated from QCM and XPS experiments were compared and analyzed to estimate the free energy.
Three different asphaltene samples were investigated – one sample was derived from Cold Lake bitumen and two others were supplied by DBR-Oilphase (a Schlumberger company) and termed as MD and HO2 asphaltenes. Most extensive experimentations and analyses were carried out for Cold Lake asphaltenes. The same procedure was applied for the other asphaltene samples. The kinetic analyses of Cold Lake and MD asphaltenes indicated that the adsorption process is diffusion controlled at initial times but follows a first-order kinetic rate law at longer times. MD asphaltenes exhibited higher equilibrium adsorbed amounts than Cold Lake asphaltenes. The XPS spectral analysis for MD and Cold Lake asphaltene revealed presence of carboxylic, thiophenic, thiol, pyridinic and pyrrolic type species. All adsorption isotherms could be described by follows Langmuir (type-I) isotherm. The estimated thickness of adsorbed asphaltene varied between 8 and 12 nm.

abstract:
Schlumberger (DBR-Oil Phase), Edmonton, Canada,
NSERC

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Development and Automatic Monitoring of Trust-Aware Service-Based Software

contributor:
Zulkernine, Mohammad
Electrical and Computer Engineering

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subject:
Trust
Software Development
Service-Based Software
Monitoring

abstract: Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-11 15:57:22.003

abstract:
Service-based software can be exploited by potentially untrustworthy service requestors while providing services. Given that, it is
important to identify, analyze the trust relationships between service providers and requestors, and incorporate them into the
service-based software. Treating trust as a nonfunctional requirement (NFR) during software development and monitoring allows
clarifying these relationships and measuring the trustworthiness of service requestors. This analysis is facilitated by incorporating
trust scenarios and trust models into the software. A trust scenario describes a trust relationship between interested parties based on a specific context. A trust model provides trust equations to measure the trustworthiness of service requestors based on the analysis of service-based interactions. Although much research has been devoted to monitor service quality, to date, no approach has been proposed
to develop and automatically monitor service providing software from trust perspectives.

In this thesis, we propose a trust-aware service-based software development framework which utilizes our proposed Unified Modeling
Language (UML) extension called UMLtrust (UML for trust scenarios)to specify the trust scenarios of a service provider and
incorporates our developed trust model called CAT (Context-Aware Trust) into the software to calculate the trustworthiness of service
requestors. The trust scenarios are converted to trust rules to monitor service-based interactions. A service requestor is penalized for the violation of a trust rule and rewarded when no rule is violated. The trustworthiness of the requestor is then calculated (using the equations of CAT) based on the current request, outcomes of previous requests, and recommendations from other service providers. A trust-based service granting algorithm is presented to decide whether a service requestor should be granted the requested service. A trust monitoring architecture is presented which is
assumed to reside in each service provider. The monitor uses trust rules from UMLtrust specifications and trust equations from CAT to analyze service-based interactions. The incorporation of the monitor into a provider makes it trust-aware. A trust monitoring algorithm is provided to analyze interactions and make decisions at run-time. A prototype of a file sharing service-based grid is implemented to evaluate the applicability of our framework that confirms the effectiveness of the framework.

abstract: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Pour une lecture de "l'enfantin" chez Cocteau, Fitzgerald, Kafka, Saint-Exupéry et Vian

contributor:
Bénard, Johanne
Söderlind, Sylvia
French

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subject:
The child,
l'enfant
le jeu
le symbole
symbol
la pensee
symbolique
Piaget
les Enfants terribles
un diamant gros comme le Ritz
la Metamorphose
le Petit Prince
L'Arrache-coeur
hesitation
Tzvetan Todorov

abstract: Thesis (Master, French) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-14 12:16:39.799

abstract:
In this thesis I propose a new approach to the study of the “childlike” in five works from the first half of the 20th century: Les Enfants terribles (1929) by Jean Cocteau, “Un diamant gros comme le Ritz” (1922) by F. Scott Fitzgerald, La Métamorphose (1915) by Franz Kafka, Le Petit Prince (1943) by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry and L’Arrache-coeur (1953) by Boris Vian. Distinct from both childhood narratives and narratives for children, these texts nevertheless exhibit a childlike quality that can best be described as an in-between state of ambiguity.
    In the first section of the thesis, I look at the “between” identity of the children. There are children who fly and who are extraterrestrials. There are others who have adult jobs and who even marry. In fact, I call these ambiguous characters, “les enfantins”.  In the second section of the thesis, I show that the language is “between”. In 1951, child psychologist Jean Piaget published “La Formation du symbole chez l’enfant”, a work in which he studies the tendency of young children to take one object for another. I show how this type of almost magical thinking that Piaget calls “symbolic thought” appears in the “récit”. In the final section of my thesis, I study areas in the story where the reader finds himself in a “between” position, unable to establish whether what he is reading is occurring or whether it belongs to the imaginary symbolic thought of the child. Here I focus on the readers’ hesitation, contrasting it with the hesitation that Tzvetan Todorov explores in the genre of the fantastic.
    While this thesis is a close reading of five specific works, it incites several theoretical questions that can be applied more widely to studies concerning the “literary child”: what constitutes a child character in a work, what effect does a child character have on the language of the text, and how does a child character affect the way a text is read?

abstract: M.A.


title: The measurement of the Se/S ratios in sulphide minerals and their application to ore deposit studies

contributor: Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering

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subject: Geochemistry Geology

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-19 18:51:32.656

abstract:
New analytical techniques have been developed for the determination of selenium concentrations in sulphide minerals to assess the utility of the Se/S concentration ratios in tracing fluids associated with ore deposit formation. This has been accomplished via a new hydride generation (HG) sample introduction method for the determination of selenium contents in sulphide minerals, development of solid calibration standards by a sol-gel process, and the establishment of protocols for the measurement of selenium/sulphur ratios in sulphides using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS).
The low concentrations of selenium in sulphides require the use of hydride generation, which also requires the removal of metals to be effective. A process for the determination of selenium in sulphide minerals (~ 50 mg sample weight) wherein metals are removed by precipitation under alkaline conditions, followed by further removal by chelating resin, was developed. Determinations by HG-ICPMS on reference materials showed quantitative recoveries (100±5 %). Precision is 10 % relative standard deviation and the detection limit is 4 µg g-1 in a sulphide mineral.
A sol-gel method for the fabrication of multi-element calibration standards, suitable for laser ablation, was developed. The addition of selenium and sulphur to a normal sol-gel method does not introduce detectable heterogeneity. Xerogel heterogeneity is less than that of the NIST glass standards. Calculated sulphur contents in the NIST glass SRMs are comparable to published data. Xerogels are potentially useful as standards in studies of glasses, minerals, and other materials.
The development of a laser ablation technique allowed measurement of Se/S ratios in sulphide minerals. Sulphide minerals were sampled from volcanic hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) (Flin Flon area, Canada), high-sulphidation epithermal (Pierina, Peru), and iron oxide copper gold (IOCG) (Mantoverde, Chile) deposits. Thermodynamic data, mineral assemblages, and isotopic compositions are used to define depositional conditions and Se/S ratios of ore generating fluids. Although the elements can fractionate from each other, high Se/S ratios and low δ34S values generally reflect magmatic fluids, typical of VHMS and epithermal deposits, whereas the opposite is true for basinal or evaporitic sources, such as recorded by sulphides at the Mantoverde deposits. The Se/S ratios aid in the identification of ore generating fluid sources and can indicate mixing of fluids.

abstract: PhD


title: Play City Life: Henri Lefebvre, Urban Exploration and Re-Imagined Possibilities for Urban Life

contributor:
Godlewska, Anne
Geography

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subject:
Henri Lefebvre
play
city
urban
space
urban exploration
production of space

abstract: Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-25 13:28:32.156

abstract:
The contemporary Western city is a space of capitalism, realized on a personal level through the lived realities of work and consumption. Elevation of these twin activities is contributing to ongoing social and environmental problems, both within the city and the larger interconnected world. As an alternative, play represents a way to de-emphasize the importance of work and consumption and their pervasive monetary components. Uncommodified, non-commercial play can open up more urban space and time for use value, above the exchange value that capitalism so efficiently emphasizes. Henri Lefebvre’s ideas about the ongoing production of social space, explicated in his spatial triad, alongside his ideas surrounding a resurgent and possibly revolutionary festival are used to explain how play can unsettle current capitalist norms.

Urban exploration, an activity that sees people venture into all parts of the city, particularly those where one is not meant to go, is used as a form of play in support of this argument. This pastime interacts with the city in multiple spatial and temporal ways, helping to counteract some of the negative aspects of modern life. By entering various areas with unique perspectives, urban explorers recast working, consuming and forgotten spaces into sites of play and fun. Urban space itself becomes less alienated, more dynamic, and the possibilities within it evermore exciting. Exploration also reveals the uneven nature of contemporary urban space. By revealing certain problems urban exploration might act as a first step towards countering them, in turn encouraging different urban spaces and a diversified more livable city full of opportunities for use, self-expression and growth.

abstract: M.A.


title: Novel Full Bridge Topologies for VRM Applications

contributor:
Liu, Yan-Fei
Electrical and Computer Engineering

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subject:
VRM
Voltage Regulator Module

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-28 09:53:50.23

abstract:
Multi-phase Buck is widely used in Voltage Regulator Modules design because of its low cost and simplicity. But this topology also has a lot of drawbacks. One of the most fundamental drawback is that it has narrow duty cycles when it operates at high switching frequency with low output voltage (for example 1V). Narrow duty cycles yield high switching loss which limits the switching frequency of Buck; making it difficult to design a Buck based VRM that can achieve high efficiency at a high switching frequency.
In this thesis three new non-isolated full bridge topologies will be introduced to solve the aforementioned problems of Buck. One is a new non-isolated full bridge topology, this new topology use a transformer to extend the duty cycle and it capable to achieve zero voltage switching. Experimental results demonstrate that it has significant advantages over multi-phase Buck.
In some applications when huge output current is required, several converters are paralleled to supply the current that is not an optimal solution. Two two-phase non-isolated full bridge topologies are proposed to solve this problem. They double the output power of one-phase non-isolated full bridge, and achieve higher efficiency with fewer switches compared with parallel two non-isolated full bridge converters.
Non-isolated VRM usually is used for personal computers, VRM for servers is called power pod, and usually isolation is required for power pod due to safety considerations. Server usually require much more power than personal computers, their power consumption is around several KW. To provide the power for the server a few power modules will need to be paralleled, this kind solution is expensive and make current sharing complex. In this thesis two new two-phase isolated full bridge topologies are proposed. They are capable to operate at soft switching mode. And they double the output power compared with conventional full bridge converter. Compared with parallel two full bridge converters, they can achieve higher efficiency with fewer switches.

abstract: PhD


title: In Situ and In Vitro Immunolocalization of Oviductin Binding Sites on Hamster Uterine Epithelial Cells and Detection of a Hamster Oviductin Homologue in the Female Rat Reproductive Tract

contributor:
Kan, Frederick W. K.
Anatomy and Cell Biology

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subject: Reproduction Oviductin Glycoprotein Hamster Rat

abstract: Thesis (Master, Anatomy & Cell Biology) -- Queen's University, 2008-02-28 10:26:46.836

abstract: Oviductin is an oviduct-specific and high-molecular-weight glycoprotein that has been suggested to play important roles in the early events of reproduction. The present study was undertaken to localize the oviductin binding sites in the uterine epithelial cells of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) both in situ and in vitro, and to detect a hamster oviductin homologue in the female rat reproductive tract. Immunohistochemical localization of oviductin in the hamster uterus revealed certain uterine epithelial cells reactive to the monoclonal anti-hamster oviductin antibody. In order to study the interaction between hamster oviductin and the endometrium in vitro, a method for culturing primary hamster uterine epithelial cells has been established and optimized. Study with confocal microscopy of the cell culture system showed a labeling pattern similar to what was observed using immunohistochemistry. Pre-embedding immunolabeling of cultured uterine epithelial cells also showed gold particles associated with the plasma membrane and microvilli. These results demonstrated that hamster oviductin can bind to the plasma membrane of certain hamster uterine epithelial cells, suggesting the presence of a putative oviductin receptor on the uterine epithelial cell surface. In the second part of the present study, using the monoclonal anti-hamster oviductin antibody that cross-reacts with the rat tissue, we have been able to detect an oviduct-specific glycoprotein, with a molecular weight of 180~300kDa, in the female rat reproductive tract. Immunohistochemical labeling of the female rat reproductive tract revealed a strong immunolabeling in the non-ciliated oviductal epithelial cells and a faint immunoreaction on the cell surface of some uterine epithelial cells. Ultrastructurally, immunogold labeling was restricted to the secretory granules, Golgi apparatus, and microvilli of the non-ciliated secretory cells of the oviduct. In the uterus, immunogold labeling was observed on the cell surface of some uterine epithelial cells. Furthermore, electron micrographs of ovulated oocytes showed an intense immunolabeling for rat oviductin within the perivitelline space surrounding the ovulated oocytes. The findings of the present study demonstrated that oviductin is present in the rat oviduct and uterus, and it appears that, in the rat, oviductin is secreted by the non-ciliated secretory cells of the oviduct.

abstract: This work was sponsored by Canadian Institutes of Health Research

abstract: M.Sc.