title: Study of the application of the high performance liquid chromatography-particle beam interface-mass spectrometry technique on some pesiticides and the reduction phenomena in the system

subject:
High performance liquid chromatography.
Particle beams.
Surface chemistry.
Pesticides--Spectra.
Reduction (Chemistry)

abstract:
This work includes two major parts.
The first part of the work concentrated on the studies of the application of the highperfonnance
liquid chromatography-particle beam interface-mass spectrometry system of
some pesticides. Factors that have effects on the detection sensitivity were studied. The
linearity ranges and detection limits of ten pesticides are also given in this work.
The second part of the work concentrated on the studies of the reduction phenomena of
nitro compounds in the HPLC-PB-MS system. Direct probe mass spectrometry and gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques were also used in the work. Factors that
have effects on the reduction of the nitro compounds were studied, and the possible
explanation is proposed.
The final part of this work included the studies of reduction behavior of some other
compounds in the HPLC-PB-MS system, included in them are: quinones, sulfoxides, and
sulfones.


title: Synthesis and properties of some 4H-1, 3, 4 benzothiadiazines /|nby Darko J. Vukov. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

subject: Benzothiadiazole.

abstract:
The work herein has been divided into five sections.
In the first section, a new method of converting N-aroyl-
hydrazines to hydrazidic halides is described.
The second section deals with the products of reaction
of hydrazidic halides with thioacetate ion in acetonitrile
at room temperature. A number of new acetylthiohydrazides
has been isolated together with corresponding hyclrazidic
sulphides. Examination of x-ray data for bis-[~ -(2,6-
dibromophenylhydrazono) - benZYl] sulphide revealpd the
symmetrical structure as the most probable.
In the third section, which consists of the three
subsections, the synthesis of the 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazine
ring system has been extended to 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazines
with substituents in the 5 and 6-positions. Extension of
synthesis also involves 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazines with mora
than one substituent. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of
5 and 6 substituted 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazines have been
,.
recorded. The section ends with a discussion of the mass
spectra of some 4H-l.3,4 benzothiadiazines.
In the fourth section, which is divided into two sub-
-sections, preparation of 7-nitro substituted 4H-l,3,4
benzothiadiazine from N-thiobenzoyl hydrazine and2,4-dinitro
-fluorobenzene is found to be satisfactory. Thiohydrazides
react with acetic anhydride, in some cases, to give products
identical with acetylthiohydrazides obtained from the
hydrazidic halides with thioacetate ion at room temperature.
In most of the cases thiohydrazides are found to give
anomalous products on reaction with acetic anhydride and
mechanisms for their formation are discussed.
In the fifth section, which forms three subsections,
the 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazine ring system with a halogen
substituent in the 7-position undergoes electrophilic attack
preferentially in 5-posi tion. \fuen the 5-posi tion is occupied
by a halogen atom, electrophilic substitution occurs at the
7-position of 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazine ring system.
Substitution at the 4-nitrogen atom in 4H w l,3,4 benzo-
-thiadiazine is extremely slow, probably due to delocalisa-
-tion of the nitrogen lone pair in the system. Oxidation
of 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazines occurs at the sulphur atom
under relatively mild conditions.
t The Appendix deals with the reaction of N-benzoyl-N -
-(2,5-dibromophenyl)hydrazine with p-nitrothiophenol~ The
proposed p-nitrothiophenoxy - intermediate may undergo
benzothiadiazine formation in a proton exchange system.


title: Synthesis and spectral studies of methyl heterocylic systems

subject:
Heterocyclic compounds--Spectra.
Methyl groups--Spectra.
Spectrum analysis.
Organic compounds--Synthesis.

abstract:
2-Carboxy-2?-methyldiphenyl sulfide was prepared by the Ullmann
reaction and cyclodehydrated by sulfuric acid to afford 4-methylthioxanthone.
1-Methylthioxanthone was separated from the reaction
mixture obtained upon cyclodehydration of 2-carboxy-3f-methyldiphenyl
sulfide. In addition, 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-methylthioxanthone 10,10-dioxides
were synthesized by oxidation of the corresponding thioxanthones.
o-, m- and p-N-Tolylanthranilic acids were prepared by the Ullmann
reaction and used as precursors for the preparation of 1-, 2- and 4-
methyl-9-chloroacridine and finally 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-methylacridone.
High resolution, 60 MHz PMR spectra were obtained on the four
monomethyl isomers of xanthone, thioxanthone, thioxanthone 10,10-dioxide
and acridone, and on 1-, 2- and 4-methyl-9-chloroacridine. For some
compounds, coupling of all three different aromatic protons to the methyl
was observed, two of the couplings typically being smaller than the third.
With the large (ortho) coupling being on the order of 0.5 to 1.0 Hz, it
was necessary to decouple the aromatic part of the spectrum. The magnitude
of the ortho benzylic constant may be related to an incomplete Tr-bond
delocalization in the molecules.


title: Synthesis of nanoporous materials for preconcentration and determination of trace elements by ICP-AES ; Investigation and elimination of the memory effects of mercury, gold, silver and boron in ICP-AES

subject: Porous materials.

subject: Nanostructured materials.

subject: Heavy metals.

subject: Adsorption.

subject: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

abstract:
Nanoporous materials with large surface area and well-ordered pore structure
have been synthesized. Thiol groups were grafted on the materials' surface to make
heavy metal ion pre-concentration media. The adsorption properties ofthe materials were
explored. Mercury, gold and silver can be strongly adsorbed by these materials, even in
the presence of alkaline earth metal ion. Though the materials can adsorb other heavy
metal ions such as lead and copper, they show differential adsorption ability when several
ions are present in solution. The adsorption sequence is: mercury> == silver> copper »
lead and cadmium.
In the second part of this work, the memory effects of mercury, gold, silver and
boron were investigated. The addition of 2% L-cysteine and 1% thiourea eliminates the
problems of the three metal ions completely. The wash-out time for mercury dropped
from more than 20 minutes to 18 seconds, and the wash-out time for gold decreased
from more than 30 minutes to 49 seconds. The memory effect of boron can be reduced by
the use of mannitol.


title: Synthetic studies on prostaglandins: "synthesis of a new thia-PGEI analog"

subject:
Prostaglandins--Synthesis.
Synthetic prostaglandins E.
Prostaglandins E.

abstract:
A PGE1 analog, namely (±)-trans-2-(6'-carbomethoxyhexyl)-3-
(E-3"-thia-1 "-octene)-4-hydroxycyclopentanone 71, has been
prepared for the first time. Towards the synthesis of this compound,
several synthetic approaches aimed at the preparation of the
required acetylenic and E-halovinylic sulfides as building blocks
were investigated.
Among all the methods examined, it appeared evident that the
best route to ethynyl n.pentyl sulfide 81 is via a double
dehydrohalogenation of the corresponding 1,2-dibromoethyl sulfide
with sodium amide in liquid ammonia. In addition, the isomerically
pure E-2-iodoethenyl n.pentyl sulfide 85 is conveniently prepared in
high yield and stereoselectivity by hydrozirconation-iodination of
the terminal ethynyl sulfide 81. The classical hydroalumination and
hydroboration reactions for the preparation of vinyl halides from
alkynes gave only small yields when applied as methods towards the
synthesis of 85 .
The building block 2-(6'-carbomethoxyhexyl)-4-hydroxy-2-
cyclopentenone (±)-1 carrying the upper side-chain of prostaglandin
E 1 was prepared by a step-wise synthesis involving transformations
of compounds possessing the required carbocyclic framework (see
scheme 27). The synthesis proved to be convenient and gave a good
overall yield of (±)-1 which was protected as the TH P-derivative 37
or the siloxy derivative 38.
With the required building blocks 81 and 37 in hand, the target
1S-thia-PGE1 analog (±)-71 was prepared via the in situ higher cuprate formation-conjugate addition reaction. This method proved
to be convenient and stereospecific. The standard cuprate method,
involving an organocuprate reagent generated from an isolated vinyl
iodide, did not work well in our case and gave a complicated mixture
of products.
The target compound will be submitted for assessment of
bio log ical activity.


title: Teachers' likes and dislikes as factors in educational change

contributor: Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education

subject:
Educational innovations.
Teachers--Job satisfaction.
Teachers--Psychology.

abstract:
Teachers at local elementary and secondary schools were
invited to participate in a survey research study by
completing a questionnaire containing 26 statements
regarding educational issues (e.g., "I am satisfied with
the quality of my interactions with students.").
Teachers were asked to indicate whether they agreed,
were neutral, or disagreed with each statement; and
further, to make a suggestions for appropriate change;
to indicate a level at which the change could be
implemented (classroom, school, board, ministry,
society); and to indicate to what extent they perceive
they have influence on change in the area represented in
the statement. The responses of 50 elementary and 50
secondary teachers were randomly chosen from among the
completed questionnaires and the information was
recorded for analysis. Results of frequency counts of
responses showed teachers were generally satisfied with
their experiences of the areas referred to in the
statements. Seventy-two percent of the responses agreed
with the statements; 15% of the responses indicated
disagreement, and 13% of the responses were neutral.
Cross-tabulations of the survey data with demographic
information showed differences among the responses of
female and male teachers; elementary and secondary
teachers; and teachers grouped according to their total
years of teaching experience.


title: Teachers' perceptions of effects of terminal examinations on teaching and learning at the secondary school level in Zimbabwe

subject: High schools--Zimbabwe--Examinations.

subject: Education, Secondary--Zimbabwe--Curricula.

subject: High school teachers--Zimbabwe.

subject: Curriculum planning--Zimbabwe.

abstract:
This study was particularly aimed at the examinations and
the effect they have on schooling at the secondary school
level in Zimbabwe. The views and opinions of teachers on the
use of terminal examinations for certification and the
influence they are seen to have on teachers' approach to the
curriculum were examined.
The literature has shown that there is widespread
criticism of the justice and effects of terminal examinations.
It is argued that they lead to an over-emphasis of that which
is measured, knowledge and intellectual ability, at the
expense of that kind of education progress which is almost
impossible to measure in an end-of-the-course assessment.
Three hundred and six secondary school teachers
responded to a survey which asked for teachers' perceptions of
examinations and the curriculum. The findings of this study
indicated that teaching is structured towards examinations.
Although teachers are trying to teach and develop reasoning
skills and other activities, the pressure of examinations and
the importance of doing well in them force teachers to
restrict themselves to examination requirements.


title: Temporal variation in the coral reefs of the east coast of the inner gulf of Thailand

subject: Corals--Effect of temperature on--Thailand.

subject: Coral reefs and islands--Thailand.

subject: Ocean temperature.

abstract:
A series of permanent line transects established on fourteen reefs on the eastern
seaboard of the Gulf of Thailand were monitored through a three-year period (1995-
1998) using a video transect method. Hierarchical cluster analysis shows three distinctive
reef community types dominated by 1) Porites, 2) Acropora and 3) zoantharians. The
reefs are developed under naturally turbid conditions and relatively low salinity due to
the proximity of four major river outlets located in the uppermost area of the gulf. The
number of Acroporid species on the reefs is positively correlated with distance from the
major flver outlets. Eighty-seven species of scleractinian coral were found on the
transects.
Over the three-year period, the comparison of 1995-97-98 matched stations using
Repeated Measures ANOV A reveals no significant time-dependent change in percent
area cover of reef components except for an overall significant reduction in the faviid
coral component. In the 1997-98 matched station comparison, statistical tests reveal
significant increases in both Acropora and Porites components that translated into an
overall increase in total living coral cover.
These findings indicate that the overall environmental conditions have been
favorable for coral growth. Outcompetition of massive corals by faster growing corals on
several reefs also indicates conditions favorable for reef expansion. Growth of newlyformed
Porites colonies over primary rock substrate and dead coral skeleton was
presumably responsible for its rapid increase.
Although these reefs are in an area of rapid industrialization and population
growth, resultant anthropogenic effects have not yet stopped active coral accretion.


title: Test of Hockman and Oldham's job characteristics model in a post-secondary educational setting

subject:
Work design.
Job analysis.
Community colleges--Ontario.
Division of labor.

abstract:
One hundred and seventy-two subj ects participated in this
quantitative, correlational survey which tested Hackman and
Oldham's Job Characteristics Model in an educational setting.
Subjects were Teaching Masters, Chairmen and Deans from an Ontario
community college. The data were collected via mailed
questionnaire, on all variables of the model. Several reliable,
valid instruments were used to test the variables. Data analysis
through Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression
analyses revealed that core job characteristics predicted certain
critical psychological states and that these critical
psychological states, in turn were able to predict various
personal and work outcomes but not absenteeism. The context
variable, Satisfaction with Co-workers, was the only consistent
moderating variable between core characteristics and critical
psychological states; however, individual employee differences did
moderate the relationship between critical psychological states
and all of the personal and work outcomes except Internal Work
Motivation. Two other moderator variables, Satisfaction with
Context and Growth Need Strength, demonstrated an ability to
predict the outcome General Job Satisfaction. The research
suggests that this model may be used for job design and redesign
purposes within the community college setting.


title: Textual characteristics of coarse sediments in selected streams of the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario

subject: Rivers--Ontario--Niagara Peninsula.

subject: Sediments (Geology)--Ontario--Niagara Peninsula.

abstract:
The streams flowing through the Niagara Escarpment
are paved by coarse carbonate and sandstone sediments which
have originated from the escarpment units and can be traced
downstream from their source. Fifty-nine sediment samples
were taken from five streams, over distances of 3,000 to
10,000 feet (915 to 3050 m), to determine downstream changes
in sediment composition, textural characteristics and sorting.
In addition, fluorometric velocity measurements were used in
conjunction with measured -discharge and flow records to
estimate the frequency of sediment movement.
The frequency of sediments of a given lithology changes
downstream in direct response to the outcrop position of the
formations in the channels. Clasts derived from a single
stratigraphic unit usually reach a maximum frequency within
the first 1,000 feet (305 m) of transport. Sediments derived
from formations at the top of waterfalls reach a modal
frequency farther downstream than material originating at the
base of waterfalls.
Downstream variations in sediment size over the lengths
of the study reaches reflect the changes in channel morphology
and lithologic composition of the sediment samples. Linear
regression analyses indicate that there is a decrease in the
axial lengths between the intial and final samples and that
the long axis decreases in length more rapidly than the
intermediate, while the short axis remains almost constant.
Carbonate sediments from coarse-grained, fossiliferous units
- iii -
are more variable in size than fine-grained dolostones and
sandstones. The average sphericity for carbonates and
sandstones increases from 0.65 to 0.67, while maximum
projection sphericity remains nearly constant with an
average value of 0.52. Pebble roundness increases more
rapidly than either of the sphericity parameters and the
sediments change from subrounded to rounded.
The Hjulstrom diagram indicates that the velocities
required to initiate transport of sediments with an average
intermediate diameter of 10 cm range from 200 cm/s to 300 cm/s
(6.6 ft./sec. to 9.8 ft./sec.). From the modal velocitydischarge
relations, the flows corresponding to these
velocities are greater than 3,500 cfs (99 m3s). These
discharges occur less than 0.01 p~r cent (0.4 days) of the
time and correspond to a discharge occurring during the spring
flood.


title: The 21-dehydroxylation of corticosteroids: evidence for an enol intermediate and the hydroxylation of steroids by fungal cyto-chrome P450: evidence for a stepwise mechanism

subject:
Corticosterone.
Steroids.
Hydroxylation.
Cytochrome P-450.
Fungi--Cytology.

abstract:
Two enzyme mechanisms were examined: the 21-dehydroxylation
of corticosteroids by the anaerobe Eubacterium l en tum, and the
hydroxylation of steroids by fungal cytochrome P450.
Deuterium labelling techniques were used to study the enzymic
dehydroxylation. Corticosteroids doubly labelled (2H) at the C-21
position were incubated with a culture of Eubacterium lentum. It
was found that t he enzymic dehydroxylation proceeded with the
loss of one 2H f rom C-21 per molecule of substrate. The kinetic
isotope ef fect f or the reaction was found to be k~kD = 2. 28.
These results suggest that enzyme/substr ate binding in this case
may proceed via t he enol form of the substrate. Also , it appears
that this binding is, at least in part, the rate determining
step of t he reaction.
The hydroxylation of steroids by fungal cytochrome P450 was
examined by means of a product study. Steroids with a double bond
at the A8 (9), ~( lO ), or ~ (ll) position were synthesized. These
steroids were then incubated with fungal strains known to use a
cytochrome P450 monooxygenase to hydroxylate at positions allylic
to these doubl e bonds. The products formed in these incubations
indicated that the double bonds had migrated during allylic
hydroxylat ion. This suggests that a carbon centred radical or ion
may be an intermediate i n the cytochrome P450 cat alytic cycle.


title: The Acquisition of new reading vocabulary in normal and poor readers

subject:
Vocabulary.
Reading--Remedial teaching.
Reading--Ability testing.


title: The application of gas liquid chromatography to the simultaneous analysis of sugars and sugar phosphates in biological samples /|nby David J. LeBlanc. -- 260 St. Catharines [Ont. : s. n.],

subject: Sugars.

subject: Sugar phosphates.

subject: Gas chromatography--Industrial applications.

subject: Sugar--Analysis.

abstract:
A study was undertaken' to determine the applicability of gas
liquid chromatography to the simultaneous analysis of sugars and sugar
phosphates from biological samples. A new method of silylation
involving dimethylsulfoxide, hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylchlorosilane
and cyclohexane (1:0.2:0.1:1) which rapidly silylated sugars
and sugar phosphates was developed. Subsequent chromatography on a
5% SE-52 column gave good resolution of the sugar and sugar phosphate
samples. Sugar phosphates decomposed during chromatography and were
lost at the 7 x 10-3 ~mole level. Acidic ethanol extraction of yeast
samples revealed background contamination from the yeast sample, the
culture medium and the silylation reagents which would further limit
the level of detection obtainable with the glc for sugars in biological
samples to the 3 x 10-4 ~mole level.


title: The application of the structural correlation method to determine the reaction coordinate for a putative ring closure reaction

subject:
Chemical reactions.
Chemical structure.
Linear free energy relationship.

abstract:
The cr ystal structure of the compound 2-benzoylethylidene-3-(2,4-
dibromophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-l,3,4-thiadiazole* C23H16Br2NZOS
(BRMEO) has been determined by using three dimensiona l x-ray diffraction
data. The crys tal form is monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 17.492(4),
o -.t' 0 R 0 b =: 16.979(1), c = 14.962(1) A, "X. =o= 90 ',= 106.46(1) , z = 8,
graphite-monochromatized Mo~ rad iation, Jl= 0.710J3~, D = 1.62g/cc and o
D = 1.65g/cc. The data were col lected on ~ Nonius CAD-4 c
diffractometer. The following atoms were made anisotropic: Br, S, N, 0,
C7, and C14-C16 for each i ndependent molecu le ; the rest were left
isotropic. For 3112 independent refl ec tions with F > 6G\F), R == 0.057.
The compound has two independent molecules within the asymmetric
unit. Two different conformers were observed which pack well together.
/l The S---O interaction distances of 2.493(6) and 2 . 478(7) A were observed
for molecules A and B respectively. These values are consistent with
earlier findings for 2-benzoylmethylene-3-(2,4-dibromophenyl)-
~~
2,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-l,3,4-thiadiazole C22H14Br2N20S (BRPHO)
and 2-benzoylpropylidene-3-(2,4-dibromophenyl)-2,3-dihydroiii
,'r
5-phenyl-l,3,4-thiadiazole C24H18Br2N20S (BRPETO ) where S---O distances are
l ess than the van der Waals (3.251\) but greater than those expected for
() a single bond (1.50A). From the results and the literature it appears
obvious that the energy/reaction coordinate pathway has a minimum
between the end structures (the mono- and bicyclic compounds).
* See reference (21) for nomenclature.


title: The assessment of self-directed learning among pre-service students in an Ontario faculty of education

subject:
Study skills--Evaluation.
Independent study.

abstract:
The study determined students' perceptions of self-directed
learning in their courses. Tests to assess perceptions are
not being used in many programs. Assessments such as the
Self-Directed Readiness Scale (SDLRS) and the Oddi continuing
Learning Inventory (OCLI) have weaknesses that may have
affected the use of tests. In this study, the creation of the
Self-Directed Learning Test (SDLT) monitored students'
perceptions by addressing what students were told before
registration, how much input students had in developing the
structure of the course, how much input students have in
determining the evaluation for the course, what style of
learning is taking place, and the characteristics of learning
found among students. Fifty-one students in the pre-service
program at Brock University completed the SDLT. Results
showed that 47.1% of the sample liked self-directed learning.
Several students who stated that they did not like selfdirected
learning did not know what self-directed learning
was. Results supported Brookfield's (1986) claim for more
education on what self-directed learning is. The study did
not support Knowles' (1980) assumption that adult students
know and want to follow self-directed approaches to learning.
The SDLT is a good method for monitoring self-directed
learning and how students perceive their courses.


title: The association of faculty's teaching philosophy and teaching behaviour, and critical thinking and self- direction in learning

subject:
College teaching.
Adult education--Philosophy.
Universities and colleges--Faculty.

abstract:
The intent in this study was to investigate in what ways teachers· beliefs
about education and teaching are expressed in the specific teaching behaviours
they employ, and whether teaching behaviours, as perceived by their students,
are correlated with students· critical thinking and self-directed learning. To this
end the relationships studied were: among faCUlty members· philosophy of
teaching, locus of control orientation, psychological type, and observed teaching
behaviour; and among students· psychological type, perceptions of teaching
behaviour, self-directed learning readiness, and critical thinking. The overall
purpose of the study was to investigate whether the implicit goals of higher
education, critical thinking and self-direction, were actually accounted for in the
university classroom.
The research was set within the context of path-goal theory, adapted
from the leadership literature. Within this framework, Mezirow·s work on
transformative learning, including the influences of Habermas· writings, was
integrated to develop a theoretical perspective upon which to base the research
methodology.
Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were incorporated. Four
faCUlty and a total of 142 students participated in the study. Philosophy of
teaching was described through faCUlty interviews and completion of a repertory
grid. Faculty completed a descriptive locus of control scale, and a
psychological type test. Observations of their teaching behaviour were
conducted. Students completed a Teaching Behaviour Assessment Scale, the
Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale, a psychological type test, and the
Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. A small sample of students were
interviewed. Follow-up discussions with faculty were used to validate the
interview, observation, teaching behaviour, and repertory grid data.
Results indicated that some discrepancies existed between faculty's
espoused philosophy of teaching and their observed teaching behaviour.
Instructors' teaching behaviour, however, was a function of their personal theory
of practice. Relationships were found between perceived teaching behaviour
and students· self-directed learning and critical thinking, but these varied across
situations, as would be predicted from path-goal theory. Psychological type of
students and instructor also accounted for some of the variability in the
relationships studied. Student psychological type could be shown as a partial
predictor of self-directed learning readiness. The results were discussed in
terms of theory development and implications for further research and practice.


title: The band structure of Cd0

subject:
Cadmium oxide.
Energy-band theory of solids.
Energy gap (Physics)

abstract:
The Augmented Pl ane Wave Method has been used to
calculate the one-electron energy band structure of CdO.
Energy eigenva l ues were calculated along three symmetry
lines and for some other general wave-vectors of interest.


title: Strategies for economic development in the Commonwealth Caribbean: a comparative study of the foreign economic policy strategies adopted by the Manley government in Jamaica and the Williams government in Trinidad and Tobago

subject:
Comparative economics
International economic relations
Jamaica -- Economic policy
Trinidad and Tobago -- Economic policy
Jamaica -- Foreign economic

abstract:
This thesis compares the foreign economic poUcy dimension of the
development strategies adopted by the governments of two Commonwealth
caribbean countries: The Hardey government In Jamaica, and the· Williams
government in Trlnidad and T ooago,
The foreign economic policIes adopted by these governments
appeared, on the surface~ to be markedly dissimilar. The Jamakan strategv
on the one hand, emphasised self-reliance and national autonomy; and
featured the espousal of radical oonaHgnment together with attempts to
re-deftne the terms of the Islands externaa economIc relaUoos. The
Trinidadian strategy 00 the other hand, featured Uberal
externaUy-oriented growth poUctes, and close relatjoos with Western
governments and financial institutions. Th1s study attempts to identify
the explanatory factors that account for the apparent dlssimUarUy 1n the
foreign economic policies of these two govemnents.
The study is based on a comparison of how the structural bases of an
underdeveloped ecooomYg and the foreign penetration and vulnerabUUy to
external pressures asSOCiated wUh dependence, shape and influence
foreign economic poUcy strategy. The framework views fore1gn ecooom1c
strategy as an adaptive response on the part of the decision makers of a
state to the coostralnts and opportunities provided by a particular
situation. The · situat i 00' in this case being the events, conditions,
structures and processes, associated wUh dependente and
underdevelopment.
The results indicate that the similarities and dissimHarities in the
foreign economic policies of the governments of Jamaica and Trinidad
were a reflecUon of the simHarities and dissimilarities in their
respective situations. The conclusion derived suggests that If the foreign
pol1cy field as an arena of choice, Is indeed one of opportunities and
constraints for each and every state, then poHcy makers of smaU, weak,
hlghW penetrated and vulnerable states enter thlS arena with constraints
outweighing opportunities. This places effective limits 00 their decisional
latitude and the range of policy options avaUable. Policy makers thus have
to decide critical issues with few estabUshed precedents, in the face of
domestic social and political cleavages, as wen as serious foreign
pressures. This is a reflection not only of the trappings of dependence, but
also of the Umned capabilities arising from the sman size of the state,
and the Impact of the resource-gap In an underdeveloped economy.
The Trinidadian strategy 1s UlustraUve of a development strategy
made viable through a combination of a fortuitous circumstance, a
confluence of the interests of influential groups» and accurate perception
on the part of poUcy makers. These factors enabled policy makers to
minimise some of the constraints of dependence. The faUure of Manlets
strategy on the other hand, 15 iHustraUve of the problems involved tn the
adoption of poUcles that work against the interest of internal and external
political and economic forces. It is also tUustraUve of the consequences
of the faUure 00 the part of policy makers to clarify goals, and to
reconcile the values of rapid economic growth with increased
self-reliance and national autonomy. These values tend to be mutuany
Incompatible given the existing patterns of relations in the jnternational
economy.


title: The chemistry of heterocyclic methine bases and of their acyl and thioacyl derivatives

subject:
Heterocyclic compounds.
Methylation.
Acylation.

abstract:
The work described in this thesis has been dtvided into
six sections .
The first section involves the reaction of
3,5-diphenyl-2-methyl-l,3,4-oxadiazolium perchlorate with acetic
and benzoic anhydrides.
The second section deals with the preparation and
reactions of 1,3,4-thia diazolium salts. Some monomeric
1,3,4-thiadiazoline methine bases have also been prepared by
reacting 1,3,4-thia d iaz ol ium s al t s with concen trated ammonium
hydroxide solution. Variable temperature p.m.r. of
2-(3-acetylacetonylidene)-3,5-diphenyl-A4 -1,3,4-thiadiazoline has
also been described.
The third section deals with prepar a tion and reactions
of some compounds in benzoxazole series.
The fourth section deals with the prep a ration and
reactions of N-alkyl-2-methylbenzothi azolium salts with base , a nd
with some a cetylating and thioacetylating agents. Treatment of
2,3-dimethylbenzothiazolium iodide and of
3-ethyl-2-methylbenzothia zolium iodide with base wa s found to
give the corresponding dimeric methine b a ses and evidence
supporting their structure is also given. Thiol acetic acid was
found to exchange 0 for S in its reactions with 2-acetonylidene-3-methylbenzothiazoline and
2-acetophenonylidene-3-methylbenzothi a zoline.
(ii)
In th e fifth section, the r eactions of
2,3-dimethylbenzselenazolium iodide with a variety of ac e tylating
and thioacetylating agents has been described. The treatment of
2,3-dimethylbenzselenazolium iodide with base was found to give
rise to a dimeric methine base and evidence supporting its
structure is also given. The reactions of this dimeric methine
b a se with benzoic anhydride and phenylisothiocyanate have also
been described.
The sixth section deals with the preparation and
reactions of l-alkyl-2-methylquinolinium salts. Treatment of
1,2-dimethylquinolinium iodide and l-ethyl-2-methylquinolinium
iodide was found to give the corresponding monomeric methine
bases and evidence supporting their structure is also given. The
E-type geometry of the olefinic bond in
2-acetonylidene-l-methylquinoline has been established on the
basis of an N.O.E. experiment.


title: The cloning and reconstitution of a bovine adenovirus type 2 E3 deletion mutant and the sequencing and analysis of the early 4 region

subject:
Adenoviruses.
Cloning.
Mutation (Biology)

abstract:
Recombinant Adenoviruses (Ads) have been shown to have potential
applications in three areas: gene therapy, high level protein expression and
recombinant vaccines.' At least three different locations within the Ad
genome can be deleted and subsequently used for the insertion of foreign
sequences. These include the Early 3 (E3), Early 1 (E1) and Early 4 (E4)
regions. Viral vectors of this type have been well studied in Human Ads 2
and 5, however one has not yet been constructed for Bovine Adenovirus
Type 2 (BAV2).
The E3 region is located between 76.6 and 86 m.u. on the r-strand
and is transcribed in a rightward direction. The gene products of the Early
3 region (E3) have been shown to be non-essential for viral replication, in
vitro, but are required for host immunosurveillance. This study
represents the cloning and reconstitution of a BAV2 E3 deletion mutant. A
deletion of 1800bp was made within the E3 region of BAV2 and the
thymidine kinase gene was subsequently inserted in the deleted area . . The
plasmid pdlE3-4tk1 (23.4Kbp) was constructed and used to to facilitate
homologous recombination with the wild type BAV2 to produce a mutant.
Southern Blotting and Hybridization results suggest the presence of a
BAV2 E3 deletion mutant with thymidine kinase sequences present.
The E4 region of Human Adenovirus types 2 and 5 is located at the
extreme right end of the genome (91.3 map units - 99.1 map units) and is
transcribed in a leftward direction giving rise to a complicated set of
differentially spliced mRNAs. Essentially there are 7 open reading frames
(ORFs) encoding for at least 7 polypeptides. The gene products encoded by
the E4 region have been shown to be essential for the expression of late
viral genes, host cell shutoff and normal viral growth. We have cloned and
sequenced the right end segment between 90.5 map units and 100 map
units of the BAV2 genome. The results show several open reading frames
which encode polypeptides exhibiting homology to three polypeptides
encoded by the E4 region of human adenovirus type 2. These include the
14kDa protein encoded by ORF1, the 34kDa protein encoded by ORF6 and
the 13kDa protein encoded by ORF3. The nucleotide sequence, restriction
enzyme map, and ORF map of the E4 region could be very useful in future
molecular manipulation of this region and could possibly explain the slow
growth rate of BAV2 in MDBK cells.


title: The crystal and molecular structure of bis (pyridoxamine) copper (II) dinitrate monohydrate

subject:
Pyridoxamine.
Enzymes--Analysis.
Copper compounds.

abstract:
The crystal structure of Cu(PM)2(N03hoH20 (where PM is pyridoxamine,
CSHI2N202) has been determined from three dimensional x-ray diffraction data.
The crystals are triclinic, space group pI, a = 14.248 (2), b = 8.568 (1),
c = 9.319 (1) 1, a = 94.08 (1), e = 89.73 (1), y~~ 99.18 (1)°, z = 2,
jl(MoK) = 10.90 em-I, Po = 1.61 g/cm3 and Pc = 1.61 g/em3• The structure
a
was solved by Patterson techniques from data collected on a Picker 4-circle
diffractometer to 26max = 45°. All atoms, including hydrogens, have been
located. Anisotropic thermal parameters have been refined for all nonhydrogen
atoms. For the 2390 independent reflections with F ? 3cr(F) ,
R = 0.0408.
The results presented here provide the first detailed structural
information of a metal complex with PM itself. The copper atoms are
located on centres of symmetry and each is chela ted by two PM zwitterions
through the amino groups and phenolate oxygen atoms. The zwitterionic form
found in this structure involves the loss of a proton from the phenolate
group and protonation of the pyridine ring nitrogen atoms. The two
independent Cu(PM)2 moieties are symmetrically bridged by a single oxygen
atom from one of the nitrate groups. The second nitrate group is not
coordinated to the copper atoms but is central to an extensive hydrogen
bonding network involving the water molecule and uncoordinated functional
groups of PM.


title: The crystal and molecular structure of thiamine hydroiodide /|nWilliam Edward Lee. -- 260 St. Catharines [Ont.] : Dept. of Chemistry, Brock University,

subject:
Thiamine hydroiodide.
Vitamin B1.

abstract:
The x-ray crystal structure of thiamine hydroiodide,C1ZH18N40S12'
has been determined. The unit cell parameters are a = 13.84 ± 0.03,
o
b = 7.44 ± 0.01, c = 20.24 ± 0.02 A, 8 = 120.52 ± 0.07°, space group
P2/c, z = 4. A total of 1445 reflections having ,2 > 2o(F2), 26 < 40°
were collected on a Picker four-circle diffractometer with MoKa
radiation by the 26 scan technique. The structure was solved by the
heavy atom method. The iodine and sulphur atoms were refined
anisotropically; only the positional parameters were refined for the
hydrogen atoms. Successive least squares cycles yielded an unweighted
R factor of 0.054. The site of protonation of the pyrimidine ring is
the nitrogen opposite the amino group. The overall structure conforms
very closely to the structures of other related thiamine compounds.
The bonding surrounding the iodine atoms is distorted tetrahedral. The
iodine atoms make several contacts with surrounding atoms most of
them at or near the van der Waal's distances
A thiaminium tetrachlorocobaltate salt was produced whose
molecular and crystal structure was j~dged to be isomorphous to
thiaminium tetrachlorocadmate.


title: The crystal and molecular structure of 18-Crown-6 HgC12 and 18-Crown-6 Cdc12

subject:
Crystals.
Molecular structure.

abstract:
Hg(18-Crown-6)C12 and Cd(18-Crown-6)C12 are isostructura1, space group
Cl~ Z = 2. For the mercury compound, a = 10.444(2) A° , b = 11. 468(1) A° ,
c = 7.754(1) A° , a = 90.06(1)°, B = 82.20(1)°, Y = 90.07(1)°, Dobs = 1.87,
Dca1c = 1.93, V = 920.05 13, R = 4.66%. For the cadmium compound,
000
a = 10.374(1) A, b = 11.419(2) A, c = 7.729(1) A, a = 89.95(1)°,
B = 81.86(2)°, Y = 89.99(1)°, Dobs = 1.61, Dcalc = 1.64, V = 906.4613,
R = 3.95%. The mercury and cadmium ions exhibit hexagonal bipyramidal
coordination, with the metal ion located on a centre of symmetry in the
plane of the oxygen atoms. The main differences between the two structures
are an increase in the metal-oxygen distance and a reduction in the metalchloride
distance when the central ion changes from Cd2+ to Hg2+. These
differences may be explained in terms of the differences in hardness or
softness of the metal ions and the donor atoms.


title: The determination of the helium discharge detector response to fixed gases

subject:
Helium.
Gases--Thermal properties.
Gas detectors.
Electric discharges through gases.

abstract:
The Beckman Helium Discharge Detector has been found to be
sensitive to the fixed gases oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen
at detection levels 10-100 times more sensitive than possible
with a Bow-Mac Thermal Conductivity Detector. Detection
levels o~ approximately 1.9 E-4 ~ v/v oxygen, 3.1 E-4 ~ v/v
nitrogen, and 3.0 E-3 ~ v/v hydrogen are estimated. Response
of the Helium Discharge Detector was not linear, but is
useable for quantitation over limited ranges of concentration
using suitably prepared working standards. Cleanliness of
the detector discharge electrodes and purity of the helium
carrier and discharge gas were found to be critical to the
operation of the detector. Higher sensitivities of the
Helium Discharge Detector may be possible by the design and
installation of a sensitive, solid-state electrometer.


title: The determination of sinigrin in Brassica, and investigations into the use of allyl-isothiocyanate as a nematicide

subject: Brassica--Physiology. Glucosinolates. Nematodes--Control. Nematocides.

abstract:
The goal of this thesis was to study factors related to the
development of Brassica juncea as a sustainable nematicide.
Brassica juncea is characterized by the glycoside (glucosinolate)
sinigrin. Various methods were developed for the determination of
sinigrin in Brassica juncea tissue extracts. Sinigrin
concentrations in plant tissues at various stages of growth were
monitored. Sinigrin enzymatically breaks down into allylisothiocyanate
(AITC). AITC is unstable in aqueous solution and
degradation was studied in water and in soil. Finally, the toxicity
of AITC against the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans)
was determined.
A method was developed to extract sinigrin from whole Brassica
j uncea tissues. The optimal time of extraction wi th boiling
phosphate buffer (0.7mM, pH=6.38) and methanol/water (70:30 v/v)
solutions were both 25 minutes. Methanol/water extracted 13%
greater amount of sinigrin than phosphate buffer solution.
Degradation of sinigrin in boiling phosphate buffer solution
(0.13%/minute) was similar to the loss of sinigrin during the
extraction procedure. The loss of sinigrin from boiling
methanol/water was estimated to be O.Ol%/minute. Brassica juncea
extract clean up was accomplished by an ion-pair solid phase
extraction (SPE) method. The recovery of sinigrin was 92.6% and
coextractive impurities were not detected in the cleaned up
extract.
Several high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods
were developed for the determination of sinigrin. All the developed
methods employed an isocratic mobile phase system wi th a low
concentration of phosphate buffer solution, ammonium acetate
solution or an ion-pair reagent solution. A step gradient system
was also developed. The method involved preconditioning the
analytical column with phosphate buffer solution and then switching
the mobile phase to 100% water after sample injection.Sinigrin and benzyl-glucosinolate were both studied by HPLC
particle beam negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (HPLCPB-
NCI-MS). Comparison of the mass spectra revealed the presence of
fragments arising from the ~hioglucose moiety and glucosinolate
side-chain.
Variation in the slnlgrin concentration within Brassica juncea
plants was studied (Domo and Cutlass cuItivars). The sinigrin
concentration in the top three leaves was studied during growth of
each cultivar. For Cutlass, the minimum (200~100~g/g) and maximum
(1300~200~g/g) concentrations were observed at the third and
seventh week after planting, respectively. For Domo, the minimum
(190~70~g/g) and maximum (1100~400~g/g) concentrations were
observed at the fourth and eighth week after planting,
respectively. The highest sinigrin concentration was observed in
flower tissues 2050±90~g/g and 2300±100~g/g for Cutlass and Domo
cultivars, respectively.
Physical properties of AITC were studied. The solubility of
AITC in water was determined to be approximately 1290~g/ml at 24°C.
An HPLC method was developed for the separation of degradation
compounds from aqueous AITC sample solutions. Some of the
degradation compounds identified have not been reported in the
literature: allyl-thiourea, allyl-thiocyanate and diallyl-sulfide.
In water, AITC degradation to' diallyl-thiourea was favored at basic
pH (9.07) and degradation to diallyl-sulfide was favored at acidic
pH (4 . 97). It wap necessary to amend the aqueous AITC sample
solution with acetonitrile ?efore injection into the HPLC system.
The acetonitrile amendment considerably improved AITC recovery and
the reproducibility of the results.
The half-life of aqueous AITC degradation at room temperature
did not follow first-order kinetics. Beginning with a 1084~g/ml
solution, the half-life was 633 hours. Wi th an ini tial AITC
concentration of 335~g/ml the half-life was 865 hours. At 35°C the
half-life AITC was 76+4 hours essentially independent of the iiisolution
pH over the range of pH=4.97 to 9.07 (1000~g/ml). AITC
degradation was also studied in soil at 35°C; after 24 hours
approximately 75% of the initial AITC addition was unrecoverable by
water extraction.
The ECso of aqueous AITC against the root-lesion nematode
(Pratylenchus penetrans) was determined to be approximately 20~g/ml
at one hour exposure of the nematode to the test solution. The
toxicological study was also performed with a myrosinase treated
Brassica juncea extract. Myrosinase treatment of the Brassica
juncea extract gave nearly quantitative conversion of sinigrin into
AITC. The myrosinase treated extract was of the same efficacy as an
aqueous AITC solution of equivalent concentration.
The work of this thesis was focused upon understanding
parameters relevant to the development of Brassica juncea as a
sustainable nematicide. The broad range of experiments were
undertaken in support of a research priority at Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada.


title: The development of self directedness in public health nurses

subject: Public health nurses--Ontario, Southern--Psychology.

subject: Public health nursing--Study and teaching (Continuing

subject: Adult education--Ontario, Southern.

abstract:
This qualitative study examined the perceived thoughts,
feelings and experiences of seven public health nurses
employed in a southern ontario health department, regarding
the initial phase of the introduction of a self-directed
orientation program in their place of employment. A desire
to understand what factors facilitate public health nurses
in the process of becoming self-directed learners was the
purpose of this study. Data were gathered by three methods:
1) a standard open-ended interview was conducted by
the researcher with each nurse for approximately
one hour;
2) personal notes were kept by the researcher
throughout the study; and
3) a review of all pertinent health department
documents such as typed minutes of meetings and
memos which referred to the introduction of the
self-directed learning model was conducted.
The meaning of the experience for the nurses provided
some insights into what does and does not facilitate public
health nurses in the process of becoming self-directed
learners. Implications and recommendations for program
planners, nurse administrators, facilitators of learning and
researchers evolved from the findings of this study.


title: The development of a model for the administration of special programs for the gifted and talented with studies into the implications of such programs

subject:
Gifted children--Education.
Talented students.


title: The diffusion of Coâ ¶æº© Zrâ  â  Tiâ  â   alloy /|nS. Kumar. -- 260 St Catharines [Ont.] : Dept. of Physics, Brock University,

subject:
Diffusion.
Alloys--Analysis.
Metals--Effect of temperature on.

abstract:
The diffusion of Co60 in the body centered cubic beta phase
of a ZrSOTi SO alloy has been studied at 900°, 1200°, and 1440°C. The
results confirm earlier unpublished data obtained by Kidson17 • The
temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient is unusual and
suggests that at least two and possibly three mechanisms may be
operative
Annealing of the specimen in the high B.C.C. region prior to
the deposition of the tracer results in a large reduction in the
diffusion coefficient. The possible significance of this effect is
discussed in terms of rapid transport along dislocation network.


title: The effectiveness of explicit strategy instruction on the top level structure of a text

publisher: 0 St. Catharines, Ont. : Faculty of Education, Brock University; 1995.

subject: Exposition (Rhetoric)--Study and teaching.

subject: Language arts.

abstract:
Two intermediate geography classes were used to study the effects of
explicit strategy instruction on the top level structure of a text. One group of
Grade 7 and 8 students participated in the explicit strategy training about
the top level structure of a text, while the other group used a more traditional
method of questioning and answering when reading and writing.
Specifically, comparisons were made between students' reading abilities,
writing abilities, metacognitive awareness, standardized reading test scores
and in class performance scores to see whether changes occurred as a direct
result of explicit strategy training.
It was hypothesized that explicit strategy training would improve
students' reading and writing abilities. At the end of the program, however,
the data did not support this hypothesis. There were some significant main
effects for time. The students in both groups showed improvement over time.
The te~cher's journal indicated that by the end of the study the students in
the experimental condition had not yet mastered the strategy. Concerns
about the readiness level of the students also arose from the teacher's
journal.


title: The Effectiveness of the precision fluency shaping program controlling stuttering behaviour in adults

subject: Stuttering. Stuttering--Treatment.

abstract:
This study was done to test the effectiveness of the
Precision Fluency Shaping Program in controlling stuttering
behaviour in adults.
Two sites were chosen, each using the Precision Fluency
Shaping Program to treat stuttering. At each clinic, a
Speech Patbologist made a random selection of the subjects'
pre- and post-therapy video-taped interviews, totalling
20 in all. During the interviews, the clients were asked
questions and re~d a short passage to determine the frequency
of stuttering in natural conversation and in reading.
Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory questionnaires vvere
also filled in before and after therapy.
Two judges were trained to identify stuttering behaviour,
and were given an inter-rater reliability test at
selected intervals throughout the study. Protocols",:m.a;d;6
of each interview tape, were scored for (a) stuttering
behaviour and (b) words spoken or read.
An Analysis of Variance Repeated Measures Test was
used to compare before and after scores of conversations,
readings, and Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory to determine
whether the Precision Fluency Shaping Program controlled
stuttering behaviour significantly. A Pearson
R Correlation Test was also administered to determine if
a relationship existed bet\veen Perceptions of Stuttering
Inventory and (i) conversation and (ii) reading scores.


title: The effectiveness of a multisensory writing program in improving cursive writing ability in children with sensorimotor difficulties

subject:
Children--Writing.
Penmanship.
Learning disabled children.
Learning disabilities.
Perceptual-motor learning.

abstract:
It is estimated that five to ten percent of children
experience sensory motor difficulties that result in various
learnlng disabilitiies , among them. inabllity to output
Information on paper in the appropriate manner (Ayres ,1985). The relationship between sensorimotorabillty and
handwriting is well documented in the literature (Freeman,1917; Townsend , 1951; Nlkola-Ll sa, 1987). While much of the
literature is inconclusive, there are findings to suggest
that muitisensory handwriting programmes are an effective
approach to improvlng writing abIlity in these chlldren.
For a number of years, Occupational Therapists have been
involved in the remediation of handwriting utllizing ,
amongst other approaches . multisensory programmes. While
subjective assessments of effectiveness have been extremerly
positive. scientIfic evaluation has been minimal . If further
intervention in this area is to occur, it Is essential that
the profession be able to justify the existence of such
programmes .
The purpose of this study was to examine what effects a
multlsensory writing prog~am would have on the curslve
writing ability of chlldren with sensorimotor dlfficulties.
A single case with multiple baselines across be havlours design was used , with the behavlours being cursive writing
abilIty of fIve distInct letter groups. The fIve groups were
taught in random order, one group every two weeks , In a
one-hour session. Repeated measurements of writing speed and
qualIty for each letter group were made. This design was
repeated over three other cases .
Results of the study yielded statistical signifi cance in
trend changes In specIfic letter groups for all of the
chlldren following interventlon. One child achieved
statistical significance In the overall change In quality ,
while none of the children achieved overall statistical
significance In speed score changes .
Teacher reports and an assessment of written language prior
to and following the program suggest that Intervention may
have had a positive effect on self-confidence in written
output, and on the maturlty of written expression in some of
the cases .
Further research in this field is needed to validate the
continual use of multisensory writing programmes by
Occupational Theraplsts worklng with this specific
population and to provide some directlon with  regards to the
Integration of multlsensory writing programmes within the
regular academic remedial programme .


title: The effectiveness of a computer program on career planning for university students

subject: Career development--Ontario--St. Catharines--Computer

subject: Career development--Computer programs.

subject: Computer programs.

abstract:
This study investigated the effectiveness of a computer
program, PERSONAL CAREER DIRECTIONS (PC DIRECTIONS)
(Anderson, Welborn, & Wright, 1983) on career planning and
exploration for twenty-four Brock University students (18
women and 6 men) who requested career planning assistance at
the Career/Placement Services of the Counselling Centre. A
one-group pretest/posttest design was used in the study_
Progress in career planning and exploration was measured by
Career Planning (CP) and Career Exploration (CE) scales of
the Career Development Inventory (College and University
Form) (Super, Thompson, Lindeman, Jordaan, & Myers, 1981).
A paired samples 2-tailed t test for Career Development
Attitudes (CDA) , the combined CP and CE scales, revealed the
posttest scores were significantly higher than the pretest
scores, t(23) = 3.74, 2 < .001. Student progress was also
assessed by self-report lists of job titles which reflected
positive changes after students used PC DIRECTIONS. In
response to several questions, students' attitudes were more
positive than negative toward the program. Implications are
that PC DIRECTIONS is an effective component in promoting
career planning for university students. Further studies
may reveal that different types of students may benefit from
different interventions in the career planning process.


title: The effectiveness of a goal-setting model on behavioural change

subject:
Body weight--Regulation.
Goal (Psychology)
Behavior modification.

abstract:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a goal-setting model on behavioural change, thirty
nine adults between the ages of23 and 73 years who were in a weight loss program were
assigned to one oftwo groups. One group was taught to change eating behaviour using a
weight-reducing diet. The other group was taught to use a goal-setting model to change
behaviour. Pretest and posttest surveys were completed by all participants, and a callback
survey by theexperimentals. The PET Type Check and Kolb's Learning Style
Inventory were administered to all participants. As well, five ofthe experimentals were
interviewed. Results of qualitative analyses showed no significant difference between the
two groups, but qualitative research suggested that experimentals were more likely to use
the goal-setting model to make behavioural changes, and that being successful increased
their self-efficacy.


title: The effect of age on the structure and compostition of the cell walls of Choanephora cucurbitarum

subject:
Choanephora cucurbitarum.
Fungi--Cultures and culture media.
Plant cell walls.
Bacterial cell walls.

abstract:
The effect of age on the structure and composition of isolated
and purified cell walls from cultures of Choanephora cucurbitarum
was investigated by microchemical analyses, visible and infrared
spectrophotometry, x-ray diffractometry and electron microscopy.
Qualitative evaluation revealed the presence of lipids, proteins,
neutral sugars, strong alkali soluble sugars, chitin, chitosan and
uronic acids in the cell walls of both the 1 and 7 day old cultures.
As the mycelium aged, there was a slight but statistically significant
increase in the protein content, and a pronounced rise in the chitin
and neutral sugar constituents of the cell walls. Conversely, the
decrease in the chitosan content during this period had the net
effect of altering the chitin: chitosan ratio from near unity in the
younger cultures, to a 2:1 ratio in the 7 day old cell wall samples.
Glutaraldehyde-osmium fixed thin sections of the 1 day old vegetative
hyphae of £. curbitarum revealed the presence of a monolayered
cell wall, which upon aging became bilayered. Replicas of acid
hydrolysed cell walls demonstrated that both the 1 and 7 day old
samples possessed an outer layer which was composed of finely granular
amorphous material and randomly distributed microfibrils. The deposition
of an inner secondary layer composed of parallel oriented microfibrils
in the older hypha was correlated with an increase in the
chitin content in the cell wall.
The significance of these results with respect to the intimate
relationship between composition and structure is discussed.


title: The effect of context on the acquisition of vocabulary in good and poor readers

subject:
Vocabulary.
Context (Linguistics)
Language acquisition.
Third grade (Education)
Reading (Primary)--Ability testing.

abstract:
This study examined the effectiveness of context on the
acquisition of new vocabulary for good and poor readers. Twentyeight
Grade Three children, fourteen good readers and fourteen poor
readers, took part in a word-learning task within three conditions:
(1) strong sentence context, (2) weak sentence context, and (3) list
condition. The primary hypothesis was that poor readers would show
less learning in the list condition than good readers and that there
would be no difference in the amount of learning in the sentence
conditions. Results revealed that: (a) Words are read faster in
sentence contexts than in 1 ist contexts; (b) more learning or
greater improvement in performance occurs in list contexts and weak
sentence contexts as opposed to strong sentence contexts; and (c)
that most of these differences can be attributed to the build-up of
meaning in sentences. Results indicated that good and poor readers
learned more about words in all three condi tions. More learning and
greater performance occurred in the list condition as opposed to the
two sentence conditions for both subject groups. However, the poor
readers learned significantly more about words in both the list
condition and the weak sentence condition than the good readers.


title: The effect of diet and parasite load on female phonotaxis in the Texas field cricket, Gryllus integer

subject:
Gryllus integer--Food.
Gryllus integer--Parasites.
Courtship in animals.

abstract:
Female crickets respond selectively to variations in species-specific male calling
songs. This selectivity has been shown to be age-dependent; older females are less
choosy. However, female quality should also affect female selectivity. The effect of
female quality on mate choice was examined in Gryllus integer by comparing the
phonotactic responses of females on different diets and with different parasite loads to
various synthetic models of conspecific calling song. Test females were virgin, 11-14
days old, and had been maintained on one of five diets varying in protein and fat
content. Phonotaxis was quantified using a non-compensating Kugel treadmill which
generates vector scores incorporating the speed and direction of movement of each
female. Test females were presented with four calling song models which differed in
pulse rate, but were still within the natural range of the species for the experimental
temperature. After testing, females were dissected and the number of gregarine
parasites within the digestive tract counted.
There were no significant effects of either diet or parasitism on female
motivation to mate although the combined effects of these variables seem to have an
effect with no apparent trend. Control females did not discriminate among song types,
but there was a trend of female preferences for lower pulse rates which are closest to
the mean pulse rate for the species. Heavily parasitized females did not discriminate
among pulse rates altho~gh there was a similar trend of high vector scores for low
pulse rates. Diet, however, affected selectivity with poorly-fed females showing
significantly high vector scores for pulse rates near the species mean. Such findings
raise interesting questions about energy allocation and costs and risks of phonotaxis and
mate choice in acoustic Orthoptera. These results are discussed in terms of sexual
selection and female mate choice.


title: The effect of feeding regime on larval black fly (Diptera: simuliidae) primary head fan ray number

subject: Simuliidae--Food. Simuliidae--Larvae. Simuliidae--Morphology.

abstract:
Identification of larval simuliids has always been difficult due to the
morphological similarity many species bear to one another. For this reason all
characters available have been drawn upon to aid in species identification,
including head fan ray number. Even in light of an increasing body of anecdotal
reports that head fan ray number is not fixed, it has continued to be used to aid
species identification. In the current experiment simuliid larvae were reared
under controlled laboratory conditions to last instar in one of three feeding
regimes. Out of nine trials, the results of six showed a significant inverse
relationship between feeding regime and head fan ray number. In addition to the
laboratory experiments, larvae were also collected from the field over the course
of the spring and summer, 1994. From these samples significant interspecific
and intraspecific variations in head fan ray number were found both spatially and
temporally within Algonquin Park.
From these data it is concluded that head fan ray number for the species
analysed is a developmentally plastic character, which varies in response to food
availability. Furthermore, given the extreme variations in head fan ray number
found in some species, I recommend that head fan ray number not be used as
an aid to identification unless it can be shown to be a fixed character for the
species in question.


title: The effect of gregarine parasite infections, age, and diet on calling song structure and mating behaviour in the Texas field cricket, Gryllus integer

subject:
Crickets--Behavior.
Gregarines.
Parasites.
Courtship in animals.
Gryllus integer.

abstract:
In the past ten years, many researchers have focussed their
attention on parasites regarding the role they may play in causing
variations in male secondary sexual traits and subsequent effects on
female choice. Male age has also been suggested to be an important
factor in female choice if old age reflects superior genes. This study
investigated the effects that gregarine gut parasites, age, and diet have
on the calling and mating behaviour of the male Texas field cricket,
Gryllus integer.
Male calling songs were recorded in the laboratory using a
Digital Signal Processing Network. The song parameters measured were:
pulse rate, pulse width, burst duration, pulses per burst, interburst
interval, and percent missing pulses. The effects of parasite load and
age on the various calling song parameters was investigated in crickets
that were fed two different diets varying in nutritional quality. None of
the calling song parameters were affected by either parasite load or age
in either diet grou p.
Courtship behaviour was ob served and recorded using an
Eventlog recorder on an IBM computer in the laboratory. Females
mated equally with paras(tized and unparasitized males and with old
and young males The total duration and proportion of time spent
performing each of 9 courtship displays were recorded for males on
each diet. Only one display was affected by parasite load. Highly
parasitized males fed the nutritionally inferior diet juddered for a
proportionately shorter time than males with low parasite loads. Also,
older males performed juddering and shaking antennae proportionally
longer and juddering and raising wings for longer durations than
younger males.
Males that successfully mated were observed for performance of
8 post-copulatory guarding behaviour displays. None of the guarding
behaviours were affected by parasite load. However, one display was
affected by age, with older males performing guard turning for shorter
durations than younger males. Results are discuss,ed in terms of the
influence of parasites and age on female choice.


title: The effect of literacy training on the self-concept of moderately mentally handicapped adults

subject: Literacy programs.

subject: Adult education.

subject: Self-perception.

subject: People with mental disabilities--Education.

abstract:
In this single group, pretest/posttest design study the literacy level and self-concept
of nine moderately mentally handicapped adults was assessed. The participants in the
study were involved in reading lessons using the Ball-Stick-Bird reading system, a brainbased
program. No significant differences were found in either literacy level or reading
level after intervention. However, there were changes in reading behaviour. These
changes occurred in the subskills ofdirectionality, letter-sound correspondence, wordreading,
and use of reading materials.


title: The effect of motor-encoding activities on memory and performance in a grade one reading program

subject:
Reading (Primary)--Ability testing.
Memory--Ability testing.
Performance--Ability testing.
First grade (Education)
Motor ability in children.

abstract:
This study examined the effectiveness of motor-encoding activities on
memory and performance of students in a Grade One reading program.
There were two experiments in the study. Experiment 1 replicated a study by
Eli Saltz and David Dixon (1982). The effect of motoric enactment (Le., pretend
play) of sentences on memory for the sentences was investigated. Forty Grade
One students performed a "memory-for-sentences" technique, devised by Saltz
and Dixon. Only the experimental group used motoric enactment of the
sentences. Although quantitative findings revealed no significant difference
between the mean scores of the experimental group versus the control group,
aspects of the experimental design could have affected the results. It was
suggested that Saltz and Dixon's study could be replicated again, with more
attention given to variables such as population size, nature of the test
sentences, subjects' previous educational experience and conditions related to
the testing environment.
The second experiment was an application of Saltz and Dixon's theory that
motoric imagery should facilitate memory for sentences. The intent was to
apply this theory to Grade One students' ability to remember words from their
reading program. An experimental gym program was developed using
kinesthetic activities to reinforce the skills of the classroom reading program.
The same subject group was used in Experiment 2.
It was hypothesized that the subjects who experienced the experimental gym
program would show greater signs of progress in reading ability, as evidenced
by their scores on Form G of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test--Revised.
The data from the WRM--R were analyzed with a 3-way split-plot analysis of
variance in which group (experimental vs. control) and sex were the between subjects variables and test-time (pre-test vs. post-test) was the within-subjects
variable.
Findings revealed the following: (a) both groups made substantial gains
over time on the visual-auditory learning sub-test and the triple action of group x
sex x time also was significant; (b) children in the experimental and control
groups performed similarly on both the pre- and post-test of the letter
identification test; (c) time was the only significant effect on subjects'
performance on the word identification task; (d) work attack scores showed
marked improvement in performance over time for both the experimenta+ and
control groups; (e) passage comprehension scores indicated an improvement
in performance for both groups over time.
Similar to Experiment 1, it is suggested that several modifications in the
experimental design could produce significant results. These factors are
addressed with suggestions for further research in the area of active learning;
more specifically, the effect of motor-encoding activities on memory and
academic performance of children.


title: The effect of nitrate fertilization on the distribution of exported 14c-photosynthate in nodulated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants

subject:
Soybean--Fertilizers.
Photosynthesis.
Plants--Effect of nitrates on.

abstract:
Soybean (Glycine ~ (L.) Merr. cv. Harosoy 63) plants inoculated with
Rhizobium japonicum were grown in vermiculite in the presence or absence of
nitrate fertilization for up to 6 weeks after planting. Overall growth of
nodulated plants was enhanced in the presence of nitrate fertilization, while
the extent of nodule development was reduced. Although the number of nodules
was not affected by nitrate fertilization when plants were grown at a light
intensity limiting for photosynthesis, at light intensities approaching or
exceeding the light saturation point for photosynthesis, nitrate fertilization
resulted in at least a 30% reduction in nodule numbers.
The mature, first trifoliate leaf of 21 day old plants was allowed to
photoassimi1ate 14C02. One hour after·· the initial exposure to 14C02, the
,
plants were harvested and the 14C radioactivity was determined in the 80%
ethanol-soluble fraction: in. o:rider to assess· "the extent of photoassimilate
export and the pattern of distribution of exported 14C. The magnitude of
14C export was not affected by the presence of nitrate fertilization.
However, there was a significant effect on the distribution pattern,
particularly with regard to the partitioning of 14C-photosynthate between
the nodules and the root tissue. In the presence of nitrate fertilization,
less than 6% of the exported 14C photosynthate was recovered from the nodules,
with much larger amounts (approximately 37%) being recovered from the root
tissue. In the absence of nitrate fertilization, recovery of exported
14C-photosynthate from the nodules (19 to 27%) was approximately equal to
that from the root tissue (24 to 33%).
By initiating- or terminating the applications of nitrate at 14 days of
age, it was determined that the period from day 14 to day 21 after planting
was particularly significant for the development of nodules initiated
earlier. Addition of nitrate fertilization at this time inhibited further
nodule development while stimulating plant growth, whereas removal of
nitrate fertilization stimulated nodule development. The results obtained
are consistent with the hypothesis that nodule development is inhibited by
nitrate fertilization through a reduction in the availability of photosynthate
to the nodules.


title: The effect of schooling on student self-concept /|nRonald S. Cowley. -- 260 St. Catharines [Ont. : s. n.],

subject:
Academic achievement.
Self-perception.

abstract:
The following research paper was a study into change in student
academic and general self-concept with increase in grade level
and age# The majority of literature found by this researcher dealt
with self-concept and its relationship to achievement and interactions
with others, Review, then, was in these two areas-particularily within
the academic setting, but outside of it as well. It wrs hypothesized
that there would be a decrease in both academic and general student
self-concept with increase in grade level and age.
Self-Appraisal inventories, measuring general and academic selfconcept,
and Inferential Self-Reports, measuring only academic selfconcept,
were the instruments used* Subjects were students, Trade 1
to 13, and ranging in age from 5 to 21„ Although al] Self-Appraisal
inventories and all Self-1?eports were very similar, they differed
according to three Grade levels: Primary (Grades 1 to 3)> Intermediate
(Grades L to 8), and Secondary (Grades 9 to 13) • Students in the Primary
division received only their respective Self-Appraisal inventory,
while others v/ere administered both inventories designed for their
grade level.
Scores on the inventories were computed to percents and then
mean percents were arrived at for epch grade, each of the three grade
levels, each age, and each of three age intervals. In all of these
instances Spearman1 s rank order coefficients (!lpff) were calculated and
significance, at the *05 level, was determined by referring to a table
of critical values for one-tailed tests* Similarily fftff scores were
computed, but only for individual grades and ages, and significance
was determined at the *0b level* In only one instance, the General
Dimension for individual grades, was significance of overall decrease
found* Consequently the hypotheses put forth did not gain support*
The fltff scores, however, revealed some isolated significant changes for the Academic Dimension, which were generally decreases in mean
percents from the last grade of one level to the first grade of the
next* For age mean percents, significant changes generally took place
at early (5 or 6) and late (20 or 21) ages*
A number of reasons for the results were presented and were generally
based upon the studentfs encounters, or lack of encounters,
with achievement or success* No definite conclusions, relevant to the
hypotheses stated^ could be made, although a number of isolated ones
were drawn on the basis of significant fltff scores* As well, mention
was made of the possible trends or tendencies that were revealed by
the results, but that could not, or were not, proven significant by
"t's11 or "p's"* Teaching methods stressing improvement in academic,
as well as socially related, situations, were recommended and a model
teaching approach was presented in Appendix B#


title: The effect of social skills training on grade 3 students' self-esteem, moral development and perceptions of classroom environment

subject: Social skills--Study and teaching (Primary)

subject: Third grade (Education)

subject: Self-esteem.

subject: Moral development.

subject: Perception.

subject: Classroom environment.

abstract:
Two Grade 3 classes were used to study the effects of a formal social skills
training program. Specifically, comparisons were made on self-esteem, classroom
environment, and moral development to see whether changes occurred as a direct
result of social skills training. One group participated in the social skills program,
while the other group did not.
It was hypothesized that formal social skills training would improve students' selfesteem,
moral development, and the classroom environment. At the end of the
program, however, data from class observations, teacher interviews, journal of the
social skills training group teacher, and measures of self-esteem, classroom
environment and moral development did not support this hypothesis. Although the
social skills training group scored significantly higher in class cohesiveness, they did
not show marked improvement in the other measures. In fact, in some measures
(e.g., friction and competitiveness), they demonstrated greater scores at both pretest
and posttests. The social skills training group was, however, able to vocalize and
utilize the strategies of several skills which had been a focus of the program,
suggesting that formal social skills training is a useful tool for presenting and
reinforcing some specific behaviours.


title: The effects of a language intervention program on the phonological and word awareness skills of language-delayed kindergarten children

subject: Kindergarten--Methods and manuals.

subject: Language disorders in children--Treatment.

subject: Language awareness in children.

abstract:
Over the past decade, research has suggested that
phonological and word awareness skills (i.e., the ability to
reflect on and manipulate the components of language) are
important for early reading acquisition. This study
examined the phonological and word awareness skills of
language-delayed kindergarten children at the beginning and
end of a language intervention program using five tasks.
The results were compared to the performances of average
kindergarten children who did not participate in the
language intervention program. There were significant
performance differences for all tasks, favouring the average
children, at the beginning of the intervention program.
However, at the end of the training interval, the languagedelayed
children performed as well as the average children.


title: The effects of computer assisted interactive fiction on the development of reading comprehension in grade five students

subject: Reading comprehension.

subject: Fifth grade (Education)

subject: Computer-assisted instruction.

subject: Computer adventure games.

subject: Fiction--Study and teaching (Elementary)

abstract:
This study was undertaken in order to determine the
effects of playing computer based text adventure games on
the reading comprehension gains of students. Forty-five
grade five students from one elementary school were
randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, and
were tested with regard to ability, achievement and reading
skills. An experimental treatment, consisting of playing
computer based interactive fiction games of the student's
choice for fifteen minutes each day over an eight-week
period, was administered. A comparison treatment engaged
the control group in sustained silent reading of materials of
the student's choice for an equal period of time. Following
the experimental period all students were post-tested with an
alternate form of the pre-test in reading skills, and gain
scores were analysed. It was found that there were no
significant differences in the gain scores of the experimental
and control groups for overall reading comprehenSion, but the
experimental group showed greater gains than the control
group in the structural analysis reading sub-skill. Extreme
variance in the data made generalization very difficult, but
the findings indicated a potential for computer based
interactive fiction as a useful tool for developing reading
sl<ills. The great need for further research in the same vein
was highlighted in the conclusions.


title: The effects of cultural conditions and parasitism on the lipid composition of choanephora cucubitarum (Berk. Rav.) thaxter /|nJohn M. Deven. -- 260 St. Catharines [Ont. : s. n.],

subject:
Lipids--Analysis.
Choanephora cucubitarum.
Fungi--Parasites.

abstract:
The fatty acid composition of the total, neutral, sterol, free fatty
acid and polar-lipid fractions in the mycelium of Choanephora cucurbitarum
was determined. The major fatty acids in all lipid fractions were palmitic,
oleic, linoleic and y-linolenic acid. Different lipid fractions did not
show any particular preference for any individual fatty acid; however, the
degree of unsaturation was different in various lipid fractions. Addition
of glutamic acid to the malt-yeast extract medium resulted in the biosynthesis
of a number of long-chain fatty acids beyond y-linolenic acid. These
fatty acids, e.g. C22~1' C24:0 and C26=Q were never observed to be present
in the fungus when grown on a malt-yeast extract medium without glutamic
acid. Furthermore, thin-layer chromatographic analysis showed a larger
and denser spot of diphosphatidyl glycerol from the mycelium grown on the
glutamic acid medium than from the control mycelium. Various cultural
conditions such as temperature, age, pH, light and carbon:nitrogen ratio
in the growth medium used in this study did not alter the qualitative
profile of fatty acids normally present in the organism. Neither did these
conditions stimulate the production of further long-chain fatty acids
(C20 - C26) beyond y-linolenic acid as observed in growth media containing
glutamic acid. These cultural conditions influenced the degree of unsaturation,
this being due mainly to changes in the concentration of y-linolenic
acid. The fatty acid pattern of the lipid fractions though the same
qualitatively, differed quantitatively due to the variation in the y-linolenic
acid content under different cultural conditions. The degree of unsaturation
of various lipid fractions decreased with increases in temperature, light
intensity and pH, but within each treatment the same pattern of decreasing
degree of unsaturation with increasing age was observed.
The cultural conditions, used in this study, are also known to
influence the degree and rate of development of the parasite, Piptocephalis
virginiana. A direct correlation was observed between the levels of
y-linolenic acid in C. cucurbitarum during the early stages of growth (24 h)
and the degree of parasitism of P. virginiana. The amount of y-linolenic
acid present in the host mycelium was found to be unrelated to either the
dry weight of the mycelium or to the total lipid contents. K. virginiana
is confined to host species which produce y-linolenic acid in their
mycelium. The lipid profile of the host, C. cucurbitarum, did not show
a significant qualitative or quantitative change in the lipid profile
as a result of infection by the parasite, P. virginiana,e However, an
increase in the total lipid was observed in the infected host mycelium.
The significance of these results is discussed.


title: The effects of day care at the kindergarten level : day care centre versus in-home care

subject:
Day care centers.
Kindergarten.
Early childhood education.

abstract:
Two groups of nonmaternal day care providers, one made
up of in-horne caregivers, and the other of providers of day
care in centres, were asked to focus on their goals for the
children in their care. A group of kindergarten teachers
was asked to consider any differences they noticed in
children in· the two types of day care mentioned above. It
was found that in-horne caregivers, through flexibility, meet
the developmental goals of the children in their care.
Providers of tlay care in centres used a more structured and
social program in order to meet the overall developmental
goals for the children in their care. It was found that the
kindergarten teachers noticed differences in the children in
their classes in terms of their attitude and social
behaviour. The type and quality of care were seen as
possible influences on this outlook of young children in
kindergarten. The one common element that each group
highlighted with respect to the effects of day care at the
kindergarten level was the important role of the family in
the child's development not only in day care, but also in
kindergarten class. There is still a strong need to
determine the effects of various types of day care at all
levels, and specifically at the kindergarten level. The
more the kindergarten teacher is able to understand about
the child's day care experience, and his or her own life,the better off these children in day care will be. This
study confirmed both the importance of quality in child
care, and the important role of the family in the child care
decision.


title: The effects of moisture, cation concentration, temperature, density and composition of soils on their electrical resistivity

subject:
Soils--Electric properties.
Electric resistance.
Soils--Analysis.
Soil moisture.
Soil temperature.
Soils--Density.
Cations.

abstract:
The effects. of moisture, cation concentration, dens ity ,
temper~ t ure and grai n si ze on the electrical resistivity
of so il s are examined using laboratory prepared soils. An
i nexpen si ve method for preparing soils of different
compositions was developed by mixing various size
fractions i n the laboratory. Moisture and cation
c oncentration are related to soil resistivity by powe r
functions, whereas soil resistiv ity and temperature,
density, Yo gravel, sand , sil t, and clay are related by
exponential functions .
A total of 1066 cases (8528 data) from all the
experiments were used in a step-wise multiple linear
r egression to determine the effect of each variable on
soil resistivity. Six variables out of the eight variables
studied account for 92.57/. of the total variance in so il
resistivity with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. The
other two variables (silt and gravel) did not increase the
· variance. Moisture content was found to be - the most
important
Yo clay.
variable- affecting s oil res istivi ty followed by
These two variables account for 90.81Yo of the
total variance in soil resistivity with a correlation
~oefficient ·.of 0 . 95. Based on these results an equation to
' ~~ed{ ct soil r esist ivi ty using moisture and Yo clay is
developed .
To t est the predicted equation, resistivity measurements were made on natural soils both in s i tu a nd
i n the laboratory. The data show that field and laboratory
measurements are comparable. The predicted regression line
c losely coinciqes with resistivity data from area A and
area B soils ~clayey and silty~clayey sands). Resistivity
data and the predicted regression line in the case of
c layey soils (clays> 40%) do not coincide, especially a t
l ess than 15% moisture. The regression equation
overestimates the resistivity of so i l s from area C and
underestimates for area D soils. Laboratory prepared high
clay soils give similar trends. The deviations are
probably caused by heterogeneous distribution of mo i sture
and difference in the type o f cl ays present in these soils.


title: The effects of static and diurnally-cycling temperature acclimations on thermal tolerances of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

subject:
Rainbow trout.
Temperature--Physiological effect.

abstract:
:ofiedian lethal temperatures ( LT50' s ) were determined
for rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii, acclimated for a minimum
of 21 days at 5 c onstant temperatures between 4 and 20 0 C.
and 2 diel temperature fluctuations ( sinewave curves of
amplitudes ± 4 and ± 7 0 C. about a mean temperature of
12 0 C. ) . Twenty-four-, 48-, and 96-hour LT50 estimates were
c alculated f ollowing standard flow-through aquatic bioassay
techniques and probi t transformation of mortality data. The
phenomenon of delayed thermal mortality was also investigated.
Shifts in upper incipient lethal temperature occurred as
a result of previous thermal conditioning. It was shown that
increases in constant acclimation temperature result in
proportional l inear increases in thermal tolerances. The
increase i n estimated 96-hour LT50's was approximately
0.13 0 c. X 1 0 C:1 between 8 and 20 0 C.
The effect of acclimation to both cyclic temperature
regimes was an increase in LT50 to values between the mean
and maximum constant equivalent daily temperatures of the
cycles. Twenty-four-, 48-, and 96-hour LT50 estimates of
both cycles corresponded approximately to the LT50 values of
the 16 0 C. c onstant temperature equivalent . This increase
i n thermal tolerance was further demonstrated by the delayed
thermal mortality experiments .
Cycle amplitudes appeared to i nfluence thermal resistance
through alterations in initi al mortality since mortality
patterns characteristic of base temperature acclimations
re-appeared after approximately 68 hours exposure to test
temperatures for the 12 + 4 0 C. group, whereas mortality
patterns stabilized and remained constant for a period
greater than 192 hours with the larger therma l cycle
( 12 + 7 0 C. ).
NO s ignificant corre lations between s pecimen weight
and time-to-death was apparent.
Data are discussed in relation to the establishment
of thermal criteria for important commercial and sport fishes ,
such as the salmonids , as is the question whether previously
reported values on lethal temperature s may have been under
estimated.


title: The effects of teaching a mathematics problem solving strategy on the problem solving ability of grade nine students

subject: Mathematics--Study and teaching (Secondary)

subject: Mathematics--Problems, exercises, etc.

abstract:
Forty grade 9 students were selected from a small rural board in
southern Ontario. The students were in two classes and were treated as
two groups. The treatment group received instruction in the Logical
Numerical Problem Solving Strategy every day for 37 minutes over a 6
week period. The control group received instruction in problem solving
without this strategy over the same time period. Then the control group
received the treat~ent and the treatment group received the instruction
without the strategy.
Quite a large variance was found in the problem solving ability of
students in grade 9. It was also found that the growth of the problem
solving ability achievement of students could be measured using growth
strands based upon the results of the pilot study. The analysis of the
results of the study using t-tests and a MANOVA demonstrated that the
teaching of the strategy did not significaritly (at p s 0.05) increase the
problem solving achievement of the students. However, there was an
encouraging trend seen in the data.


title: The effects of temperature on nickel tocicity in goldfish (carassius auratus L.)

subject: Gold--Effect of temperature on.

subject: Toxicity, Effect of temperature on.

subject: Nickel--Toxicology.

subject: Water--Pollution--Environmental aspects.

abstract:
Although it is widely assumed that temperature affects pollutant toxicity,
few studies have actually investigated this relationship. Moreover, such research
as has been done has involved constant temperatures; circumstances which
are rarely, if ever, actually experienced by north temperate, littoral zone cyprinid
species. To investigate the effects of temperature regime on nickel toxicity in
goldfish (Carassius auratus L.), 96- and 240-h LCSO values for the heavy metal
pollutant, nickel (NiCI2.6H20), were initially determined at 2DoC (22.8 mg/L and
14.7 mg/L in artificially softened water). Constant temperature bioassays at
10°C, 20°C and 30°C were conducted at each of 0, 240-h and 96-h LCSO
nickel concentrations for 240 hours.
In order to determine the effects of temperature variation during nickel
exposure it was imperative that the effects of a single temperature change be
investigated before addressing more complex regimes. Single temperature
changes of + 10°C or -10°C were imposed at rates of 2°C/h following
exposures of between 24 hand 216 h. The effects of a single temperature
change on mortality, and duration of toxicant exposure at high and low
temperatures were evaluated.
The effects of fluctuating temperatures during exposure were investigated
through two regimes. The first set of bioassays imposed a sinewave diurnal
cycle temperature (20.±.1DOC) throughout the 10 day exposure to 240-h LeSO
Ni. The second set of investigations approximated cyprinid movement through
the littoral zone by imposing directionally random temperature changes (±2°C
at 2-h intervals), between extremes of 10° and 30°C, at 240-h LC50 Ni. Body
size (i.e., total length, fork length, and weight) and exposure time were recorded
for all fish mortalities.
Cumulative mortality curves under constant temperature regimes
indicated significantly higher mortality as temperature and nickel concentration
were increased. At 1DOC no significant differences in mortality curves were
evident in relation to low and high nickel test concentrations (Le., 16 mg/L and
20 mg/L). However at 20°C and 30°C significantly higher mortality was
experienced in animals exposed to 20 mg/L Ni. Mortality at constant 10°C was
significantly lower than at 30°C with 16 mg/L and was significantly loWer than
each of 2DoC and 39°C tanks at 20 mg/L Ni exposure.
A single temperature shift from 20°C to 1DoC resulted in a significant
decrease in mortality rate and conversely, a single temperature shift from 20°C
to 30°C resulted in a significant increase in mortality rate. Rates of mortality
recorded during these single temperature shift assays were significantly different
from mortality rates obtained under constant temperature assay conditions.
Increased Ni exposure duration at higher temperatures resulted in highest
mortality.
Diurnally cycling temperature bioassays produced cumulative mortality
curves approximating constant 20°C curves, with increased mortality evident
after peaks in the temperature cycle. Randomly fluctuating temperature regime
mortality curves also resembled constant 20°C tanks with mortalities after high
temperature exposures (25°C - 30°C).
Some test animals survived in all assays with the exception of the 30°C
assays, with highest survival associated with low temperature and low Ni
concentration. Post-exposure mortality occurred most frequently in individuals
which had experienced high Ni concentrations and high temperatures during
assays. Additional temperature stress imposed 2 - 12 weeks post exposure
resulted in a single death out of 116 individuals suggesting that survivors are
capable of surviving subsequent temperature stresses.
These investigations suggest that temperature significantly and markedly
affects acute nickel toxicity under both constant and fluctuating temperature
regimes and plays a role in post exposure mortality and subsequent stress
response.


title: The efficacy of cognitive retraining of attentional deficits for a client who has schizophrenia

subject: Schizophrenia--Psychological aspects.

subject: Cognition disorders.

subject: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of
the Process Specific Approach to cognitive rehabilitation for
a client with schizophrenia who has attentional deficits.
The study was a single case experimental design which
followed a variation of the multiple baseline approach. Prior
to training of the attentional deficit, multiple baseline
assessments were completed. These included an ov:erview of the
sUbject's information processing ability, random measures of
attention and a genera.l level of functioning in living,
learning and working environments. During the re-training,
attention tests were administered at the completion of each
attention component. A general functional evaluation through
interviews and a measure of information processing ability
were. completed after the re-training was concluded. The
results of the study demonstrate a significant i'mprovement in
attention and memory measures. Qualitative data indicate
si·gni.ficant others observed improvements in performance in
r
livi'ng, learning and working environments. The results
suggest this approach to cognitive rehabilitation was
effective with this subject and further research to establish
generalizability is recommended.


title: The elderly : reminiscing, coping with loss, accepting death

subject:
Grief.
Death--Psychological aspects.
Older people--Psychology.

abstract:
This study investigated loss, death and dying,
reminiscing, coping and the process of adaptation from the
sUbjective perspective. A number of theories and models of
death and dying were reviewed in the background literature
search with the focus on reminiscing as a coping phenomenon.
The format of the study was audio-taped interviews with
ten sUbjects and the recording of their memories and
reminiscing of life stories. The sUbjects were required to
complete an initial questionnaire in a demographic data
collection process. Two separate interviews consisted of a
primary data collecting interview and a verification
interview four to eight weeks later. An independent chart
review completed the data collecting process.
Data analysis was by the examination of the emerging
themes in the subjects' personal narratives which revealed
the sUb-categories of reminiscing, loss (including death and
dying), acceptance, hope, love, despair and belief. Belief
was shown to be the foundation and the base for living and
reminiscing. Reminiscing was found to be a coping
phenomenon, within the foundation of a belief system. Both
living and reminiscing revealed the existence of a central
belief or value with a great deal of importance attached to it. Whether the belief was of a spiritual nature, a value
of marriage, tradition, a work ethic or
belief in an abstract value such as fate,it gave support
and control to the individuals' living and reminiscing
process. That which caused despair or allowed acceptance
indicated the sUbjects' basic belief and was identified in
the story narrations.
The findings were significant to health care in terms
of education, increased dignity for the elderly and better
understanding by society. The profiles represented an
average age of 86.3 years with age showing no bearing on the
life experiences associated with the emerging themes.
Overwhelmingly, belief was shown to be the foundation in
reminiscing. A Judeo-Christian cultural value base
supported the belief in 90% of the sUbjects; however,
different beliefs were clearly shown indicating that belief
is central to all thinking beings, in everyday life and in
reminiscing. Belief was not necessarily spiritual or a
practised or verbalized religion. It was shown to be a way
of understanding, a fundamental and single thread tying the
individual's life and stories together.
The benefits were the outcomes, in that knowledge of an
individual's belief can optimize care planning for any age
group, and/or setting. The strength of the study was the
open question format and the feedback process of data
verification. The unrestricted outcomes and non-specificity were significant in a world where dying is everybody's
business.