identifier: Russell, Karen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Russell=3AKaren=3A=3A.html>   (2004) A knowledge-based spatial decision support system (SDSS) for coastal zone oil spill response in Anaktalak Bay, Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Coordinating a successful oil spill response operation requires fast and reliable data access, expert guidance, and efficient communication of information. In this thesis, the theory, development and implementation of prototype oil spill response Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) are discussed in detail. In order to aid decision-makers and response personnel during the initial hours of a coastal zone oil spill, this SDSS integrates the analysis, storage and visualization functions of a Geographic Information System (GIS), with the logical reasoning capabilities of an expert system. -- The prototype SDSS is developed through three main phases: (1) creation of the oil spill response expert system, (2) modification of the GIS environment and automation of GIS analysis, and (3) integration of the GIS and the expert system through a graphical user interface (GUI). The functionality of the final system is tested by means of four annotated examples, each representing a different oil spill scenario. Results of the sample scenarios demonstrate the successful transfer of knowledge and data between the GIS, the expert system and the user, and indicate that a SDSS can provide a feasible alternative to the traditional oil spill response decision-making process.


identifier: Ryan, Jennifer R. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ryan=3AJennifer_R=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2007) The environmental impacts of mussel (Mytilus spp.) aquaculture at two Newfoundland sites.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

abstract: In this thesis I examine the environmental impacts of blue mussel (Mytilus spp.) farming at two Newfoundland sites as one component of a larger interdisciplinary study of the environmental sustainability of shellfish aquaculture. Biodeposit production rates of individual mussels were comparable to values measured elsewhere using similar methods. The interaction between spatial and temporal variables was significant in explaining rates of biodeposit production. The impact of mussel farming on the benthos was addressed by examining the macrofaunal community structure at both sites relative to community structure at nearby reference sites. The farms were very different in terms of sediment and benthic macrofaunal community composition. Benthic macrofaunal communities in sediments with mean grain size larger than 500 μm at both farms showed differences in taxa and abundance relative to reference sites. Communities in sediments with mean grain size smaller than 500 μm also differed between farm and reference sites, and all of these stations (farm and reference) had sediments with negative redox values and were dominated by organisms indicative of organic enrichment. I also examine the problem of spatial and temporal scale, and demonstrate that by using statistical inference we have considerable confidence in the descriptions of benthic communities at the farms at each sampling time, but slightly less confidence in  describing the communities throughout the year. Beyond the scale of an individual farm, more sampling would be required before any statement could be made with confidence about the species composition of the benthic communities of the entire region.


identifier: Salmon, Penelope <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Salmon=3APenelope=3A=3A.html>   (2005) The future health care concerns and expectations of low income women in Wellington, New Zealand and St. John's, Canada.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: There is much discussion about the potential impact of a growing ageing population on health care. It is argued that there will be demands for increased health funding as resources are stretched to cover increasing numbers of seniors accessing the health care system. This research investigated the future health care concerns and expectations of low income women in Wellington, New Zealand and St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, with a view to informing future health care policy for this age group in their senior years. The research also investigated similarities and differences in the women's accounts. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. Results revealed that the women not only talked about health care, but also about family, community and ageing. The accounts were more similar than different, but areas of difference reflected provision of health care. The findings were interpreted using ideas from narrative psychology.


identifier: Salyzyn, Deborah <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Salyzyn=3ADeborah=3A=3A.html>   (1990) A nursing investigation of the coping responses of a sample of battered women who have entered a transition house in Nova Scotia.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study examined how a sample of women dealt with the stress of living in a battering relationship. Interviews were conducted with 35 battered women who were residents of one of four transition houses in Nova Scotia. A Demographic/Socioeconomic Interview Guide and the Health and Daily Living Form (Billings and Moos, 1981) were used to collect data on the women’s profile, their coping responses and their appraisals of the responses. – The results indicated that a) women were using a variety of coping responses, but there seemed to be an increased reliance on responses which were avoidance/emotion focused, b) utilization of coping responses was not necessarily congruent with appraisals of helpfulness or unhelpfulness, and c) coping responses were related to income, marital status, time in relationship, and residence (city, town, rural area). – It was concluded that there is a need for battered women to increase their coping repertoires. Increased coping repertoires may allow for the utilization of responses which a) are considered healthier in terms of adaptational outcome, b) may be appraised by the women as helpful in reducing their stress, c) may help to decrease or eliminate battering, and d) may assist the woman to terminate the battering relationship is necessary. This study also makes several recommendations for nursing practice and education, and highlights areas requiring further research.


identifier: Samson, Michael Fredrick <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Samson=3AMichael_Fredrick=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Effects of dynamic and static stretching protocols within activity specific and general warm ups.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The stretching and warm-up literature has examined to varying extent the effect of static, dynamic and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching routines, along with general and sport specific warm-ups on subsequent performance. Common methods of measurement in the current stretch literature include measures of electromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) (Herda et al. 2008), peak torque (Nelson et al. 2000, Yamaguchi etal. 2007), jump height (Bradley etal. 2007, Hoitetal, 2008, Unicketal, 2005), agility (McMillian et al. 2006) and sprint performance (Chaouachi et al. 2010, Fletcher et al. 2007). Stretching protocols of various time frames range from 2-3 sets of 15-30 seconds to routines lasting up to 20 minutes (Behm et al. 2001). Many of the studies have used an athletic population. Often the studies incorporate a 5 minute general warm-up routines of running or stationary bike rather than sport specific activities. -- The findings in the literature mostly point to a decrease in performance on power, strength and speed measures following bouts of static stretching. Static stretching was previously a mainstay in pre-training and competition warm-ups at all levels of sport. Similar findings have also been noted in studies which included PNF routines (Streepey and Jefferson, 2010, Young et al. 2001). However, performance indices generally increased or experienced no change following dynamic stretch protocols (Chaouachi et al. 2010, Sim et al. 2009, Yamaguchi et al. 2005). The trend within current literature demonstrates that static stretching routines, previously used as a common component of the pre-training and pre-competition warm up, may be counterproductive to performance.


identifier: Sanderson, Sherri <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sanderson=3ASherri=3A=3A.html>   (2007) How high was he?: the religious thought and activity of Edward Feild, second Church of England Bishop of Newfoundland (1844-1876).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: For over thirty years, in the middle of the nineteenth century, Edward Feild served as second bishop of the Church of England diocese of Newfoundland, which included the Archdeaconry of Bermuda. His episcopate lasted from 1844-1876, years of great turmoil in the colony and in the church. Although he was in the midst of it all, he is barely remembered today. Feild is best known today for his educational and political activities, but his religiosity was at the core of his being and motivated his thought and actions. Feild was not simply a High Churchman, he was a Tractarian, and his Tractarianism had great consequences for his episcopacy and pastoral leadership. Not only was he a follower of the Oxford Movement, he also followed the tenets of the Cambridge Camden Society, the Cambridge Movement, in order to bring concrete expression to his Tractarian sacramentalism in church architecture and design. Feild's Tractarianism can be found in all of his writings, most especially, the seven published Charges to the clergy of Newfoundland and Bermuda. These texts are crucial to an understanding of Feild's religious views since the bishop's charge expressed what was of greatest concern at the time of its deliverance. Feild's Tractarianism in his Charges was intimately related to his Church of England ecclesiology as well as his views on worship and liturgy, the sacraments, and church architecture. Feild's Tractarian ecclesiology is shown by his world from its governance. Concerning the worship of the church, Field's Tractarianism insisted upon following established authorities and the rules of the Church of England as found within the Book of Common Prayer. Through the immense importance that he gave to the sacraments and their administration, Feild exemplified his Tractarian sacramentalism. In his ever-abiding concern for church architecture, as shown through his interest in church design and construction throughout the diocese, Feild concretely expressed his Tractarianism and his belief in the architectural ideals of the Cambridge Movement. This thesis involves both historical criticism and interpretation in order to determine Bishop Feild's religious thought and actions through an analysis of seven of his key ecclesiastical texts and the recreation of the historical context in which he can be situated.


identifier: Sangerman, Cynthia J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sangerman=3ACynthia_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Spelling skill and the effectiveness of rhyme and semantic hints to anagram solutions.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The present experiment was designed to investigate anagram solution as a function of spelling ability and type of hint. Forty-eight university undergraduates~ identified as good or poor spellers, were presented with anagrams until 15 were missed. Subjects then memorized a list of words for immediate recall in serial order. Words in the memory list were related phonetically and orthographically, semantically~ or were unrelated to the previously missed anagrams. Following the serial recall task, subjects were presented again with those anagrams previously missed. An interaction was predicted to occur between spelling ability and type of hint when solving anagrams. Rh)me hints were expected to facilitate anagram solving in good spellers, but not in poor spellers. The only significant finding was that good spellers solved more anagrams than did poor spellers. Both types of hints (rhyme and semantic) were ineffective and no interaction was found between spelling ability and type of hint. A possibility of serial order difficulty is discussed.


identifier: Sanvito, Simona <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sanvito=3ASimona=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Acoustic communication in elephant seals (Mirounga leonina): structural and functional correlates of male vocalizations.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Southern elephant seals (SES, hereafter) show the most extremely polygynous mating system of all mammals, with a very intense competition among males for access to females. Vocalizations are the most important component of SES male agonistic behaviour. Notwithstanding this, the knowledge of SES vocalizations was scanty, and mostly anecdotal, before I started studying them. During my previous research, I focused on the acoustic structure and the individual variation of vocalizations. The goal of my PhD research project was to study the development of male vocalizations, to understand their functions, to explore their relationships with male phenotype, and to assess their potential use as honest signals. -- The first step was to analyze the male phenotypic traits that should be related to vocalizations. I studied body size and growth, as well as the development or the proboscis, a peculiar secondary sexual trait which role in vocalizations has always been controversial. I showed that the proboscis has indeed an active role in vocalization, and may serve as a way or elongating the vocal tract or the emitter, hence exaggerating the size information conveyed by acoustic signals with respect to the true size. -- I then focussed on the different acoustic features of vocalizations. I showed that the temporal macro-structure of vocalizations, which is not constrained by vocal tract length or shape, is probably learned by young males through imitation of the older, most successful, breeders. On the contrary, the frequency features or vocalizations (formants, in particular), which are constrained by the vocal tract length, have a predictable development pattern related to body growth. – Finally, I demonstrated that both source level and formant frequencies give reliable information about the phenotype of the emitter and, hence, are honest signals. But I also showed that the phenotypic information content of these signals is rather low. Vocalizations are, hence, a far from perfect assessment system, being very effective in settling contests between males when phenotypic differences are great, but not when interacting males have similar phenotypes.


identifier: Sapkota, Ram P. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sapkota=3ARam_P=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) An assessment of the long-range electric quadrupole interactions in praseodymium-filled skutterudites.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Praseodymium-filled skutterudites RT₄X ₂ are body centered cubic (bcc) structures that belong to the space group Im3 (no.204) where R stands for rare earth elements (Pr, Ce, La, U, etc.), T stands for transition metal ions (Fe, Ru, Os) and X represents pnictogens (P, As, Sb). Three different praseodymium-filled skutterudites are considered in the present study: PrFe₄P₁₂, PrOs₄Sb₁₂ and PrRU₄P₁₂. These materials were explored for their crystal structure and interesting properties. Calculations are made of the following: i) the electric quadrupole moment possessed by the Pr 4f² ground state doublet, ii) the electric quadrupole moment produced by unique displacements of transition metal ions, creating a cubic to tetragonal type of distortion in the crystal, and iii) long-range quadrupole interactions between the Pr 4f² electrons and the transition metal ions. Neglecting the screening effect of the conduction electrons, the quadrupole moment associated with the ground state of the Pr 4f² electrons and with the transition metal ions are found to have similar values when a crude approximation to the radial part of 4f² electrons is used. Long-range quadrupole interactions between the Pr 4f² electrons and the transition metal ions are calculated for their three different alignments. The attractive and repulsive quadrupole interactions exhibited by the two linear quadrupoles based on their different alignments are discussed in the present work. This is a first step for creating a dynamical theory of electric quadrupole interactions in praseodymium-filled skutterudites. A complete dynamical theory should include contributions from long- and short-range quadrupole interactions among the conduction electrons, the Pr 4f² electrons, and the transition metal ions. The present work is limited to the long-range quadrupole interactions between the Pr 4f² electrons and the transition metal ions. Further studies focusing on long and short-range electric quadrupole interactions among the conduction electrons, the Pr 4f² electrons and the transition metal ions would be essential in order to more fully develop the desired theory.


identifier: Sarkar, Sritama <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sarkar=3ASritama=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Submersible walking dredger/miner.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Submersible walking dredger/miner

abstract: The use of surface floating dredgers in deep inland reservoirs and continental shelves, either for dredging or mining purposes, is restricted by several operational limitations. Use of smaller surface floating dredgers in deep inland reservoirs is constrained by the ladder (a long truss like structure 'arm' that supports the excavation tool) length. Bigger dredgers have operational restrictions and mobilization problems. In shelf areas, the dredging operation is less precise due to currents, winds and waves. The floating pipelines, floats and winch wires are obstacles to navigational paths for other surface vessels. High investment costs are involved in the construction of bigger high capacity dredgers. It is difficult to modify such systems once they are constructed. The limitation of the existing technology served as the main motivation to design an active legged submersible dredger / miner, which is described in this thesis. The designed vehicle is named the 'Golden Tortoise' because it simulates the belly crawling motion of a tortoise or turtle. A full scale prototype vehicle was manufactured by Excavation & Equipment Manufacturing (P) Ltd., (EEM (P) Ltd.) India. The prototype vehicle is suitable for operation in deep inland reservoirs up to a depth of 50 m and is designed to excavate sand, silt or clay mixtures in various proportions. -- Parametric performance models were developed to evaluate the locomotion, excavation and transportation processes of the designed vehicle. Periodic gait plans were developed for straight line and curvilinear locomotion on natural terrain. Experimental validation of the theoretical gait plans was performed, which showed that the average slip was about 20% at the foot/soil interface in medium to relatively fine sands. Parametric models were developed for the evaluation of the locomotion cycle time of the designed vehicle. The locomotion cycle time was also measured from the gait plan tests and was found to be an average of 30 seconds. The static load incident at each foot as a function of the vehicle weight and the leg joint parameters was predicted by developing a two-dimensional model based on simple beam theory. Prototype tests were performed to measure the static load incident at each foot as a function of the leg swing angle. The maximum static load measured due to weight of the vehicle was approximately 13 kN. The subsequent soil settlement and failure were estimated based on the theories of elasticity and plastic equilibrium as well as the shallow foundation theories. The dynamic load as a function of the leg actuating hydraulic cylinders was also considered for predicting the soil response. Comparisons between the different performance parameters of tracked vehicles and the designed legged vehicle were made. The shear stress-shear displacement relationship for different types of terrain was considered to predict the traction available for each foot during locomotion under different slip conditions. It was observed that the foot with grousers (lugs or teeth underneath the foot) provided more tractive effort compared to a tracked vehicle of similar dimensions and weight in cohesive soils. -- Parametric performance models for the designed excavation system were  developed based on the theories of earth moving machinery and their dynamics. The performance of the designed excavation system was evaluated based on the excavation production, spillage generated and the excavation power required under varying operational and soil conditions. -- Parametric models were developed for evaluation of the designed pump-pipeline system by integrating the two-phase flow theories developed by various previous researchers. The models predict the total head loss in the pipeline system and hence the required pump power and also the limiting settling velocity condition and thereby the chances of pipeline blockage. In the present design this means that the suitable pipeline diameter is between 0.15 to 0.3 m to achieve a production of 61 m³/hr with a maximum volumetric concentration of 18 %. The mean mixture velocity in the pipeline should vary between 2 to 5 m/sec to achieve the desired production and avoid pipeline blockage. A conceptual model was developed showing the complex interrelationships existing between the dredging and locomotion processes. -- The results from this thesis can now be used to design the requisite controllers for the automatic operation of the 'Golden Tortoise'.


identifier: Savicky, Marianne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Savicky=3AMarianne=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Characterization of human mesoderm induction-early response 1 (hMI-ER1) as a nuclear hormone receptor cofactor.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins whose signaling in cells play important roles in cell growth and development, cell differentiation, and angiogenesis [Powers, et al., 2000]. Investigations into the role of FGF in cell growth and differentiation in Xenopus laevis embryos led to the identification of a novel immediate early gene, or initial target, of FGF signal transduction, which was later named mesoderm induction early response 1 (mi-er1) [Paterno, et al., 1997]. A human orthologue of xmi-er1, hmi-er1, was also cloned in our laboratory [Paterno, et al., 1998; Paterno, et al., 2002]. hMI-ER1 was found to be consistently expressed at low levels in normal human tissues, however, breast carcinoma cell lines and tumour tissue samples displayed elevated levels, indicating that hMI-ER1 may have a role in the neoplastic state (Paterno, et al., 1998; Paterno, et al., 2002]. -- Examination of the protein structure of hMI-ER1 revealed the presence of a number of protein interacting motifs, namely an acidic activation domain, ELM2 and SANT domains. Each of these motifs are present in both hMI-ER1α and hMI-ER1β isoforms. Notably, the hMI-ER1α isoform also contains an LXXLL motif (L represents the amino acid leucine and X can be any amino acid), a domain not found in hMI-ER1β but commonly found in nuclear hormone receptor interacting proteins. Therefore, my hypothesis is that hMI-ER1α is involved in protein-protein interactions involving nuclear hormone receptors. The finding that hMI-ER1 recruits HDAC (histone deacetylase) activity through the ELM2 domain [Ding, et al., 2002], indicates that hMI-ER1 is involved in transcriptional regulation, and will therefore, also likely play a role in the regulation of transcription by nuclear hormone receptors. -- The studies described in this thesis revealed that both hMI-ER1α and hMI-ER1β interact with a number of nuclear hormone receptors (ERα, RARα, RARβ, RARγ, RXRα, and RXRγ) in vitro and with ERα (estrogen receptor alpha) in vivo. Further characterization of the in vitro interaction between hMI-ER1 and ERα demonstrated that the region important for interaction is located between amino acids 325-357 of hMI-ER1. -- In vivo studies confirmed the interaction between hMI-ER1α or hMI-ER1β and ERα in the absence of the ER ligand, estrogen (E₂). Interaction in the presence of E₂ appeared to depend on the antibody used for immunoprecipitation. -- Studies into the functional consequences of the interaction show that hMI-ER1β enhances estrogen response element (ERE)-driven transcription while hMI-ER1α has a negative, or negligible, effect on ERE-driven transcription. Overall, these results indicate that both hMI-ER1α and hMI-ER1β interact with the estrogen receptor alpha and do indeed play a role in the functioning of the estrogen receptor in cells.


identifier: Sawhney, Ravinder Pal Singh <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sawhney=3ARavinder_Pal_Singh=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Application of contingency analysis methods for power system security and optimization.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Static security assessment of a power system deals with analyzing the system steady state performance after disturbances. Security assessment is the process whereby any violation of operating limit is detected. Maintaining power system security is a great challenge as power systems are now operated closer to their security limits. In this thesis, contingencies based on active power flow violations using DC power flow based methods are detected and ranked using performance index. The contingencies causing voltage limit violations are determined using sensitivity analysis based approach. These results are then compared with full AC power flow solution. Network reduction technique is used to reduce a larger power system into a smaller system, so that particular part of system could be analyzed with sufficient accuracy and less computational burden. Optimization methods are applied to enhance the overall security of the power system. Different case studies are presented throughout the thesis to illustrate the application of the studied methods.


identifier: Sclater, Keith <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sclater=3AKeith=3A=3A.html>   (1976) The development of reading material for inner-city adolescents with reading difficulties.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this project was to develop reading material suitable for use with Canadian “inner-city” children more than three years behind their expected reading level. -- Four books and a questionnaire were developed and tested with ten selected students from a St. John’s school. -- The stories were designed for students twelve to fifteen years old. Linguistic and thematic relevance to the inner-city setting was a main consideration in design. The reading level of the material was grade three and the words were selected on the basis of straight phonetic structure. All the stories were designed so that they should make enjoyable reading for the subjects. -- Results indicated that the design considerations of controlled phonetic structure, language, setting, thematic relevance and simple humour were successfully met. Thus the books provided enjoyment for the students and were positively received.


identifier: Schaefer, Max <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Schaefer=3AMax=3A=3A.html>   (2010) Rethinking givenness: an assessment of Jean-Luc Marion's saturated phenomena.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis I will argue that Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology of givenness, far from being a masked theology, arises from and remains consistent with the fundamental principles of phenomenology traditionally conceived. In support of this position, I will assess his principal phenomenological work, Being Given. I will show that Marion’s conception of the saturated phenomenon, reduced to its own occurrence as an excess of effects over every nexus of causes, takes Husserl’s contention that givenness determines phenomenality to its logical conclusion. What is seen is thus sprung from this unseen self-givenness. This is most plainly experienced in the realms of art and gift giving. Bearing this in mind, and with an eye to establishing its historical antecedents, I will show how such saturated phenomena, quite apart from being of theological origin, have their roots in Immanuel Kant’s treatment of art, and, more specifically, his conception of the sublime.


identifier: Scheyett, Anna M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Scheyett=3AAnna_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Clinician impact on consumer decisions regarding psychiatric advance directives.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This dissertation examines associations between clinician attitudes both towards Psychiatric Advance Directives (PADs) and towards coercive intervention with consumers' decisions regarding PADs. In addition, it examines associations between characteristics of clinician/consumer relationships and consumers' PAD decisions. The research is grounded in the Health Beliefs model expanded to include the theory of relational autonomy. A secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of Facilitated PADs (N=469) was completed. Multilevel logistic regression analyses examined whether clinician characteristics and attitudes were significant predictors of PAD completion by consumers and whether consumers valued PADs more highly for proscriptive purposes. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined whether characteristics of the clinician/consumer relationship were significant predictors of these same dependent variables. Results showed that neither dependent variable was significantly associated with clinician characteristics and attitudes. PAD completion was significantly more likely if consumers were older, demonstrated greater PAD understanding, valued treatment for relational purposes, and reported having a friend; it was significantly less likely if consumers reported medication satisfaction, victimization, or if consumer and clinician were discordant on PAD attitudes. Valuing PADs as a proscriptive tool was significantly more likely if consumers were white, had experienced involuntary hospitalization, reported treatment dissatisfaction, or reported having no one to trust, and showed a trend towards significance if the consumer reported avoiding treatment for fear of forced treatment; it was significantly less likely if consumers reported not knowing enough about PADs, reported avoiding treatment for fear of being put in seclusion, agreed that consumers should talk with their provider about PADs, and if neither consumers nor their clinicians agreed that people should have a PAD to protect them from hospitalization. Findings suggest that consumers make decisions regarding PAD completion and purpose based on: 1) prior experiences with treatment; 2) perceptions regarding treatment benefits/barriers; 3) understanding of PADs; and 4) the relational context in which they make decisions. Due to the exploratory nature of the study and limitations of a secondary data analysis additional research is needed to understand the dynamics of these factors in greater detail.


identifier: Schneider, Jennifer Nicole <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Schneider=3AJennifer_Nicole=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Exploration of the acoustic structure and contextual occurrence of affiliative vocalisations in red wolves (Canis rufus).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and nature of tonal vocalisations produced by red wolves. Video recordings of captive wolves from a breeding facility were analysed. Vocalisations were composed of 1--30 sound units. Linear units included squeaks (2600--9600 Hz) and wuhs (100--1600 Hz); non-linear units accounted for 22% of sounds and included between-type frequency jumps, harmonic and pure-tone biphonations, squeaks with sidebands, and squeak jumps. Five tonal vocalisation types were identified based on unit composition: squeaks 48.4%, wuhs 19.3%, and three mixed vocalisations 21.9%. Vocalisations occurred primarily during affiliative interactions and were relationally directed: squeaks were the most common vocalisation in individual activities and were distributed across relational states; wuhs were common in interactions, and directed toward pen-mates; and mixed vocalisations occurred at moderate rates across activity states, and were relationally directed. Tonal vocalisations were common, affiliative in nature, and differed in contextual occurrence by type.


identifier: Schwarz, Helen Waldron C. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Schwarz=3AHelen_Waldron_C=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1970) William Lenthall, 1591-1640: the apprenticeship of a Stuart speaker.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The thesis examines the first fifty years of the life of William Lenthall (1591-1662), Speaker of the House of Commons during the Long Parliament. In attempting to provide the necessary background for consideration of Lenthall's Speakership, the study traces the development of a career which has received little attention, but which was an essential preparation for Lenthall's entrance into public life. -- Lenthall is shown to have served two apprenticeships for his later role. The first was in his chosen profession of the law; the second, which was shared by many other Englishmen of his class and time, was his increasing participation in local and county government. Each of these apprenticeships reinforced the other and, with brief but active committee work in two parliaments before November, 1640, made Lenthall a more suitable choice as Speaker than later writers have suggested. -- Parallel and crucial to the chronological discussion of Lenthall's career is an examination of his personal contacts during the period. Local and professional associates are traced, as well as family connections, and the resulting case study of gentry relationships demonstrates the extent to which such relationships were themselves an important qualification for public office. It is further suggested that the continual interplay of these connections affords a significant clue to the cohesiveness before 1640 of the Stuart gentry and the strength of this class as an effective parliamentary force. -- The thesis, which ends as Lenthall's public career begins, does not propose to solve the many questions of interpretation raised by Lenthall's Speakership. It is intended, instead, to provide a context in which these questions may at last be considered.


identifier: Scott, John Roper <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Scott=3AJohn_Roper=3A=3A.html>   (1974) The function of folkore in the interrelationship of the Newfoundland seal fishery and the home communities of the sealers.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between an occupation - the Newfoundland seal fishery - and the communities from which the practitioners of the occupation come, and the examination employs the methods and materials of folklore to arrive at conclusions about this relationship. The basic concept is that individuals use the folklore of their home communities and of their occupations when they relate themselves to other individual members of the industry or the community or to these groups in a larger, more abstract sense. -- The methods of research have included investigation of printed sources about sealing, location of relevant materials in the Memorial University of Newfoundland Folklore and Language Archive and direct personal interviews with men who have been sealing, as well as less directed interviews with many Newfoundlanders about the industry. -- Five specific areas have been chosen for research, including the use of stereotypes in a man's relation to his occupation, an examination of the diversions which help to dictate interpersonal relationships on the sealing vessels, the relationship of the industry to the concept of manhood within the communities, esoteric and exoteric evaluations of the dangers of the seal fishery and an examination of the reasons which men give for continued participation in the seal hunt. -- Through these areas of investigation, one may see the extent to which occupations and communities interrelate, and the conclusions drawn detail the points of interaction. Briefly, the conclusions reveal that there is a significant relationship between the seal fishery and the home communities of the sealers and that folklore functions throughout this relationship.


identifier: Seabright, Robert Glenn Gordon <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Seabright=3ARobert_Glenn_Gordon=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Recollection as dialectical learning: Plato's epistemic response to the problem of the one and many.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The problem of the one and many, epistemically, is how it is possible that we can know sensible particulars. Connected to this problem are the inductive and deductive methods, which Plato unsuccessfully employs in both his Laches and Meno as methods of acquiring knowledge. These failures culminate in Meno’s paradox, which challenges the possibility of inquiry itself. Plato’s response, the doctrine of recollection, states that we implicitly, or potentially, have knowledge, not in a manner that can be readily grasped, but instead through the activity of dialectic, it is possible to make that knowledge explicit or expressible. This method is demonstrated in the Meno when Socrates walks one of Meno’s slaves through a geometrical proof. Through the aid of Socrates as an epistemic midwife the boy is able to recollect the explicit knowledge that was absent at the beginning of their discussion, thus avoiding the problems that arise from strict induction and deduction.


identifier: Segovia, Andrea Mariana <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Segovia=3AAndrea_Mariana=3A=3A.html>   (1996) A simulation study of the performance of multicast protocols.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: We have chosen to study multicast protocols because of their applicability to a growing number of network applications. We have designed and implemented a simulation system to study multicast protocols without the need for a dedicated testbed network, and used the simulator to study two simple multicast protocols, the stop and wait and block acknowledgment protocols. We found that these protocols outperform equivalent unicast protocols for small number of receivers in error-free conditions. The block acknowledgment protocol shows higher throughput with larger window sizes, but has greater latency. Both protocols, however, deteriorate quickly as the number of receivers and failure rate of the underlying-network grow. This deterioration is caused by a rising collision rate among receivers sending acknowledgments which in turn aggravates network congestion. Throughput of both protocols is improved by using randomly timed acknowledgments to reduce the collision rate; however, this technique does not affect the high sensitivity of the protocols to error conditions.


identifier: Sekaran, Hari Priyai <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sekaran=3AHari_Priyai=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Optimization of controller gains for FPGA-based multivariable motion controller using response surface methodology.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) has become increasingly popular in recent years for control applications. Using contemporary FPGA technology, a powerful virtual processor can be synthesized and integrated with custom hardware to create a dedicated controller that outperforms conventional microcontroller and microprocessor based designs. The FPGA based controller takes advantage of both hardware features and virtual processor technology. This study details the development of a cascaded type Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller for an inverted pendulum system implemented on a single FPGA device. The controller includes a hardware based implementation of the Input Output (IO) modules including quadrature decoders/counters and a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller for the motor driver. The NIOS II processor was synthesized to implement the cascaded PD controller algorithm. This study also proposes a novel method for obtaining the optimal controller gains for the system. It uses Design of Experiments (DoE) techniques for obtaining optimal gain values. In this study three Response Surface Methodology (RSM) designs: Central Composite, Box-Behnken and Uniform Design are used for obtaining optimal gain values. Based on the results of this study, the uniform design approach yielded the most satisfactory results. The gains provided by the response surface model from the uniform design experiment are verified experimentally to validate the proposed controller tuning method. A classic inverted pendulum system was selected to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.


identifier: Selvaratnam, Selvakkadunko <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Selvaratnam=3ASelvakkadunko=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Wavelet designs for nonparametric regression models with autocorrelated errors.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: We consider minimax designs for estimation of nonparametric regression models using wavelet approximations of the mean response function. We assume that the error terms are autocorrelated. Since the method of estimation depends on the choice of design, we argue that using ordinary least squares method (OLS) for estimation may lead to designs that are less efficient than designs constructed based on generalized least squares (GLS) or weighted least squares (WLS). A simulated annealing algorithm is developed to carry out the minimization problems to search for minimax designs. In this thesis we considered AR(1) model for example. We found that the GLS method is good for the moderate level correlation and WLS or OLS is preferred for highly correlated data.


identifier: Sen, Debabrata <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sen=3ADebabrata=3A=3A.html>   (1988) A numerical method for two-dimensional studies of large amplitude motions of floating bodies in steep waves.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A numerical time-domain method is developed to simulate large-amplitude motions of two-dimensional floating bodies in steep waves. The method employs an integral relation derived from Green's second identity and a discretization scheme of centrally located collocation points on linear boundary segments for solution of the full non-linear potential flow problem. Propagating unsteady waves are simulated by imposing an Airy wave potential as a source of excitation on a hypothetical vertical boundary of a rectangular fluid domain. Solutions of linearized wave-propagation problems are in very good agreement with analytical solutions. For the non-linear problem, an Eulerian description of the free surface is used in which vertical movements of the collocation points on the free surface are followed. Smoothing schemes in space and time at the upstream boundary, intermittent smoothing of the free surface and adaptation of a numerical radiation condition permit modelling of very steep progressing waves over 20 wave periods. Numerical experiments reveal insignificant degeneration of the solution resulting from the embodied techniques. The effectiveness of the method is further illustrated by its application to a study of steep waves interacting with vertical walls. Comparison with experimental and analytical results demonstrates the capability of the method in accomplishing non-linear steady state solutions with very good quality of agreement with experimental data. -- In the study of behaviour of floating bodies in steep waves, numerical instability leads to failure of the simulation scheme unless special care is taken with regard to the discretization and treatment of the coupled force-motion relation. The motion of the body with respect to the free surface may result in large variations of the spatial grid sizes in the vicinity of the body and the free surface intersection, which results in destabilizing force effects through the computation of the linear dynamic pressure term (dϕ/dt). These difficulties are resolved by means of an appropriate spatial regridding scheme, and by employing a central difference rule for computation of the dϕ/dt term at the corrector level of the adopted Adams-Bashforth-Moulton rule in the time-integration scheme and by utilizing explicit rules for integration of the equations of motion. A number of computations simulating motions of a rectangular floating body in different situations provides evidence of the efficacy of the algorithm. The presented results contain large roll and heave motions as well as drifting behaviour of a completely unrestrained body. -- A complementary experimental study is also described, in which a rectangular body of rounded-off corners restricted from swaying was subjected to wave excitations inside a channel. Comparison of experimental and computational results shows in general very good agreement over the entire range of the tested conditions, inclusive of resonant behaviour in heave and moderately large roll motions. For this latter behaviour, accounting for viscous effects by means of a semi-empirical procedure improves the correlation significantly.


identifier: Sen, Sri Moloy Kumar <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sen=3ASri_Moloy_Kumar=3A=3A.html>   (1972) Application of graph theoretic concepts in short circuit analysis of power systems.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The ever increasing size of electrical power systems necessitates systematic and comprehensive methods for their analysis. This report is concerned with the application of graph theoretic concepts in power system analysis, with particular reference to short circuits. It is demonstrated that the application of graph concepts provides a very elegant method for the formulation and analysis of power systems problems. -- The formulation is based on a decomposition of the power systems into a number of subsystems. The subsystems are then combined according to their physical interconnection pattern - so that an appropriate mathematically equivalent system representation is available for the system as a whole. Such a method is considered to be particularly suitable for the analysis of large power systems. -- The formulation of the ZBUS and YBUS models for a typical transmission system is given. Also, as an example, the multi-terminal representation for a typical system containing an auto-transformer is derived. The method of combining different subsystems, such as the transmission systems and the generator systems, is demonstrated. Building algorithms, using the concepts of multi-terminal representations, are developed such that the impedance matrix (ZBUS) of a network can be formulated in stages - by adding one element at a time. Separate cases for (i) addition of a branch, not mutually coupled (ii) addition of a link, not mutually coupled (iii) addition of a mutually coupled group, are illustrated. The symbolic formulations of these cases are discussed. Numerical examples to illustrate the use of these algorithms are worked out. Finally, an attempt is made to obtain the short circuit currents and voltages of a typical power system, by application of graph theoretic principles. Separate cases for three phase faults, as well as for two simultaneous faults, are considered. In each of these cases, numerical examples which illustrate the formulation procedure and analysis are worked out.


identifier: Setterington, Michael A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Setterington=3AMichael_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Woodpecker abundance and nest-habitat in a managed balsam fir ecosystem.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Much of the balsam fir forest of western Newfoundland is limited to a 60-year timber harvest rotation, resulting in limitations on the amount of potential woodpecker habitat available in the later successional stages of these forests. The abundance of and nest-habitats of black-backed, downy, and hairy woodpeckers were quantified in 40-, 60-, and 80+ -year-old balsam fir forests in western Newfoundland. -- There were no significant differences in abundance among forest age-classes, but there has been a consistent trend for black-backed woodpeckers to be found in the oldest age class forests available throughout their range, and almost exclusively in the 80+ year-old balsam fir forests in western Newfoundland. Downy woodpeckers were more abundant and were equally distributed among the three age classes. Hairy woodpeckers were scarce and only found in the 40- and 60-year-old age classes. An extensive 60-year harvest rotation balsam fir timber management regime is reducing the habitat available for black-backed woodpeckers. Downy and hairy woodpeckers are associated more with the hardwood components of mixed stands, so they will most likely be unaffected by the loss of later successional stages of balsam fir stands. -- Woodpeckers have historically shown greater use of older forests because there was a greater density of cavity-trees in 80+ -year-old forests than in 40-, and 60-year-old forests. The mean diameter of cavity-trees was within the upper 25% of the diameter classes of trees found among the three age classes. The diameter of cavity-trees in the older forests was two diameter classes larger than in the younger forests. The diameter of active nest-trees were within the upper 5% of the diameter classes of trees found among the three age classes. -- All woodpeckers were found at nest-sites surrounded by a mean density of trees approximately 50% less than found in 40-year-old forests, and 25% less than found in 60- and 80+ -year-old balsam fir forests. Canopy cover was equally sparse~ and tree height surrounding nest-sites was shorter than that found in all forest age classes. There were no differences in mean tree diameter at breast height between trees surrounding nest-sites and those within 40-, 60- and 80+ -year old forests. Slowdowns and small defoliated areas, that occur primarily in later successional stages of balsam fir forests, accounted for the majority of nest sites found. Black-backed woodpeckers are particularly vulnerable to loss of nest-habitat as they were choosing nest-sites in conifer trees and are associated with conifer-dominated forests. Downy and hairy woodpeckers occupied a variety of nest-sites from remnant white birch snags in clearcuts, to rotting balsam fir snags in dense forest. They therefore may be able to persist under a short-rotation timber management regime as long as there is a residual hardwood component in the forests. -- Future research is needed only to improve the precision of the definition of habitat selection by woodpeckers. Managers should assume that eradication of older balsam fir forests adversely affects woodpecker populations and habitat, and should plan for inclusion of these stands at the landscape-level to avoid ecosystem deterioration and habitat loss. An incorporation of forest-growth projection models with spatial and temporal habitat variables will provide insight for woodpecker habitat management.


identifier: Shabana, Ahmed Amin Aly Ahmed <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shabana=3AAhmed_Amin_Aly_Ahmed=3A=3A.html>   (1985) Raman spectroscopic studies of manganese chloride-alkali metal chloride systems.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Raman and visible spectra of MnCl₂ - ACl systems (A= Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) were investigated in the solid and the molten phases to identify possible species formation. The many solid compounds precipitated from the melts were identified by their characteristic spectra. The agreement with reported phase diagrams was good. The results indicated that the MnCl₄ ²⁻ ions were present in solid Cs₂MnCl₄ and Cs₃MnCl₅ but in the other compounds the manganese was octahedrally coordinated with bridged chlorides. -- The Raman spectra of the solids were discussed in terms of factor group analysis. The data for the melts suggested that a discrete MnCl₄ ²⁻ species was the predominant species in the molten phase of composition MnCl₂.nACl (n ≥ 2). For melts of composition MnCl₂.nACl (n < 2) a tetrahedral species with corner sharing was proposed but no new peaks due to new discrete species could be identified. Melts of high MnCl₂ content appeared to have a very rapid equilibrium of ions with most Mn retaining tetrahedral coordination but some octahedral coordination was also suggested from assessment of visible spectra. A rapidly fluctuating local structure around the Mn²⁺ with lifetime of the aggregate on the time scale of 10⁻¹² seconds would be consistent with the composition and temperature studies of the bandshape of the Mn-Cl stretching region. -- The Raman spectra of MgCl₂ - CsCl and MgCl₂ - KCl systems were investigated in the molten phase for comparison. The results confirm the presence of discrete MgCl₄ ²⁻ ions as the predominant species in melts even of low MgCl₂ concentration, but a distinct polynuclear species Mg₂Cl₇ ³⁻ was also formed when the MgCl₂ concentration was increased. In contrast to the manganese system the equilibrium species present in the magnesium system have lifetimes greater than 10⁻¹² seconds. The results also indicated that by increasing the temperature the polynuclear species was broken down and more MgCl₄ ²⁻ ions were formed.


identifier: Shahidi, Reza <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shahidi=3AReza=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Novel high-quality variational image decomposition models and their applications.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines the problem of variational image decomposition, as first introduced and developed by Meyer in [1], and its applications to textured image discrimination and textured image denoising. Image decomposition generally refers to the splitting of an image f into the sum of two or more components, e.g. u, a cartoon component, and v, a texture component. After a brief overview of the use of partial differential equations in image processing, which has become very widespread in recent years, a novel image decomposition model called Improved Edge Segregation, based on the pioneering work of Vese and Osher [2], is put forward, which gives better decomposition results, as it better separates cartoon and texture edges into their proper components. Decomposition with Improved Edge Segregation is generally performed in less time than that from Vese and Osher's model, and gives superior (better quality and faster) texture discrimination results when used in conjunction with Active Contours without Edges [3]. Then a new model, called the Simultaneous Decomposition/Discrimination model, which simultaneously decomposes and segments a textured image is described, also improving decomposition and discrimination quality. Extensions to the image decomposition model of Osher, Solé and Vese [4], which is itself based on the H-1- norm, are subsequently put forward. One such extension decorrelates the cartoon and texture components by using an energy term based on the correlation coefficient between them in local windows, giving better decomposition results. The other combines the decomposition and nonlinear diffusion frameworks, for the purposes of ameliorating denoising performance. First, Perona and Malik [5] nonlinear diffusion is incorporated into decomposition, and subsequently the framework of image denoising with Oriented Laplacians is incorporated. Finally, two models where texture is represented by one subcomponent are presented, one which requires precomputation of image orientations, Orientation-Adaptive Decomposition, and another, Eikonal Orientation-Adaptive Decomposition, which does not. Orientation-Adaptive Decomposition is applied to both the decomposition and the denoising of oriented textures, and some theoretical discussion of Eikonal Orientation-Adaptive Decomposition included. Finally some conclusions and suggestions for future work are given based on the research presented in the thesis.


identifier: Shaker, Pouria <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shaker=3APouria=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Detecting concern interactions in aspect-oriented designs.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) is an emerging paradigm that addresses the limitation of Object-Oriented (OO) technology in localizing crosscutting concerns (e.g. logging, tracing, etc.) by introducing a new modularization mechanism: the aspect. Aspects localize the behaviour of crosscutting concerns (called advice) and specify points in the structure or execution trace of the core system (called join points) where advice applies. A weaving mechanism interleaves the execution of the aspects and the core. The behaviour of an Aspect-Oriented (AO) system is the woven behaviour of the aspects and the core; this woven behaviour may reveal conflicts in the goals of system concerns (core or crosscutting): such conflicts are called concern interactions. In this thesis, we present a process for detecting concern interactions in AO designs expressed in the UML and our weaving rule specification language (WRL). The process consists of two tasks: 1) a light-weight syntactic analysis of the AO model to reveal advice overlaps (e.g. instances where multiple advice applies to the same join point) as potential sources of interaction and 2) verification of desired model properties before and after weaving to confirm/reject findings of task 1 and/or to reveal new interactions. At the heart of task 2 is a weaving process that maps an unwoven AO model to a behaviourally equivalent woven OO model.


identifier: Shalimo, Daria <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shalimo=3ADaria=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Ideological issues in curriculum organization: comparative analysis of Belarussian and Newfoundland educational systems.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Contemporary critical theory encounters and radicalizes pedagogy because it
encompasses educational and social agendas where questions about justice, race, culture,
sex, power, and schooling are jointly discussed. Critical theory may seem like a vague
paradigm, but its main body is located in politics - politics which is presented in different
aspects. This thesis provides insight into one of the political domains called ideology. It
attempts to examine how cultural differences in moral presentation penetrates educational
institutions and school curricula, and how power groups support this penetration to keep
dominance of one culture over the others. Hence, the inquiry focuses on the investigation
of two phenomena - ideology and curriculum. -- Ideology is seen as the body of ideas reflecting social needs and aspirations of an
individual, a group, a class, or a culture; and it is a set of doctrines or beliefs that form the
basis of a political, economic, or other system. Curriculum, in tum, is viewed as a deeply
social term which takes into account social significance of schooling rather than
instructional subject-oriented system. Mapping relationship between these two terms,
the study chooses critical social methodology as its framework. The use of critical
methodology lets this analysis to take apart or deconstruct the abstractions of mentioned
terms and to reveal the inner relations between them. To achieve this understanding the
study bridges the gap between theory and praxis, history and present, providing the
reader with the documents of theoretical background as well as with the documents that
have been actively implemented in practice. Primary sources of data which is collected
and analyzed in the study comprise of the Newfoundland and Belarussian educational political platforms, more specifically provincial and country's educational legislations,
acts, and decrees. Other sources of data, which give the full picture, are Ministerial
Statements, Programs of Study, and Curricula. The method of comparative analysis
places the inquiry into two (Newfoundland and Belarus) social domains and leads to
understanding of their cultural, political, and educational similarities and differences. -- Findings from the study indicate that both in Newfoundland and Belarus school
structure and curricular, in their social essence, fulfill the expectations of the society with
its particular political demands. Hence, the inquiry leads to understanding that every
educational system in the world follows the tasks assigned by the government of this or
that country. In other words, education acts within the boundaries of the main state
ideology and nurtures the students as citizens for a particular country. -- This study is an attempt to call for educators' reconsideration of the present day
situation in education. This thesis is to urge the educators and politicians in rethinking the
place of a modem student in the new informative age where the citizen of a particular
country is seen as a citizen not only of one given country but as a citizen of the World
with the global vision of world's histories, cultures, and structures.


identifier: Shamseddin, Mohammad Khaled <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shamseddin=3AMohammad_Khaled=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Do we need ongoing monitoring of the intensity of anticoagulation with heparin for chronic hemodialysis?: a quality initiative of the Division of Nephrology Eastern Health.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Background: Heparin is the standard anticoagulation used to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis. Its anticoagulation effect can be measured by the activated clotting time (ACT), to achieve 1.5- 2 times the baseline value to prevent clotting or bleeding during hemodialysis. However, it is unknown whether changing ACT monitoring policy in chronic hemodialysis patients, from routine monthly ACT monitoring to ACT measurement in response to clinical events, will increase the risk of clotting and bleeding events. -- Methods: To evaluate, in chronic hemodialysis patients on a stable heparin dose, whether a change in practice, from routine monthly ACT monitoring (Phase I) to one in which ACTs are only measured for initial dose assignment or in response to clinical indications (Phase II), will significantly increase the incidence of patients' bleeding or clotting events, 109 patients in our hemodialysis unit were followed and evaluated for 8 months in a quality initiative study using a before-and-after design. Clotting event was defined as visible signs of clot formation in the bottom of the dialyzer, coagulated dialyzer, or changing the circuit due to clotting. Overt bleeding documented by clinical examination or diagnostic investigations within 4 hours from hemodialysis session, doubling homeostasis time in patients with A VF; not secondary to fistula-related issues,  unexplained fall in hemoglobin 2: 20 g/L within a month, or the requirement for blood transfusion due to bleeding were defined as a bleeding event. -- Results: The mean ACT in phase I was higher than phase II (P =0.003), but >50% of ACTs were below target. Although heparin doses were changed more often (Incident rate ratio (IRR) 9.11; 95% CI: 2.78-29.92, P =0.000), and more effectively achieving ACT target during phase I compared with phase II (IRR 189.5; 95% Cl: 25.36-1415.2, P=0.000), the incident rate ratio for all clotting events occurred during phase I was unexpectedly and significantly higher (IRR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.01-1 .97, P =0.041) than phase II. For unclear reasons, the risk of any clotting event occurring during phase I was higher than phase II (Odd Ratio; OR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.03-3.39, P =0.04). This could not be explained merely by the low frequency and effectiveness of heparin dose changes, which occurred in less than 10% of clotting events, and were effective achieving ACT target in only 50% of above cases. Although heparin doses were changed more often when serious clotting (type 2 or 3) occurred during phase I compared with phase II, heparin change was not statistically significant (OR 3.12; 95% CI: 0.62-15 .8, P =0.17), nor was it effective in achieving ACT target (OR 2; 95% Cl: 0.08-51 .6, P =0.68). -- Bleeding events occurred 6% less often during phase I compared with phase II. However, this was not statistically significant (P =0.84), although the risk for any bleeding event stayed the same during both phases (OR 1; 95% CI: o.53-1.9, P =1). -- Conclusions: Routine monthly ACT monitoring in adult chronic hemodialysis patients did not improve clinical outcomes reducing clotting and bleeding events compared with measuring ACTs only for the initial dose assignment or in response to clinical indications. However, as practiced locally, this could be due to the limited physician response to ACTs that were not at target. -- To more thoroughly address the question of whether routine ACT monitoring is necessary, the best approach in a future randomized trial would include strictly standardized heparin dose-adjustment protocols to be used routinely by hemodialysis nurses to reduce the potential for bias due to physician response variability.


identifier: Shapiera, Melanie B. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shapiera=3AMelanie_B=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Dispersal and home range of age 1 Greenland cod (Gadus ogac) in Newman Sound, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The stability of a population is largely dependent on the dispersal dynamics of the juvenile cohort. In the marine environment, dispersal range, mortality during dispersal, and site fidelity of juveniles contribute to the resilience and connectivity among populations. However, juvenile dispersal parameters are rarely investigated and quantified, even among species or populations of concern. I determined dispersal distances, site fidelity, and home range areas of 1 year old Greenland cod (Gadus ogac) in Newman Sound, a coastal fjord of Newfoundland, through the use of passive acoustic telemetry. A network of 26-32 fixed hydrophone listening stations monitored movements of 82 out of 84 juveniles surgically implemented with coded acoustic transmitters. Single and reciprocal transplant experiments between two coves approximately 3.5 km apart were carried out during October 2010 and November 2011, respectively. A behavioural dichotomy between resident" and "disperser" fish was seen during both experiments. Individual dispersers moved on the km scale, associated with the timing of the onset and disappearance of the seasonal thermocline, and in the month of July during both years. Similar proportions of control and transplant fish visited opposite source coves, suggesting low site fidelity and/or low homing initiative in both sample populations. ANOVA analyses of the tagging periods identified season as the only significant predictor of home range size, with a general increase in home range from pre-winter to post-winter seasons, and no effect of fish capture or release location. Mean seasonal home range areas during both tagging periods exceed those documented for age 2-3 Atlantic cod in other studies, suggesting a less established residency in age 1 Greenland cod. High individuality in movement patterns and area usage indicate that factors affecting dispersal, such as temperature, predation, and age, likely differ in importance across individuals in the age class.


identifier: Sharan, Rajat <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sharan=3ARajat=3A=3A.html>   (2006) A model to calculate energetic returns and an ecological footprint of an industrial fishery with a case study of the 1980s northwest Atlantic cod fishery.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This research project focused on developing a general energetic balance model that evaluates an industrial fishery. It was constructed by incorporating methodologies developed by Tyedmers (2000) and other energetic principles to give both a energetic return for a fishery and an evaluation of ecological efficiency for that fishery. The energetic measurement is a comparison of all energy inputs that are derived from net primary production (NPP), whether recent or ancient in the form of fossil fuels, and the energy received in the form of food from the fishery. The ecological efficiency in this study uses the metric of an Ecological Footprint (EF). This model was used then to compare the different fishery vessel length classes of the cod fishery for the period of 1982-1986 found in what is defined by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization as 3K and 3L. This region lies mainly off of the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. -- The model can be used as a comparative tool to compare different fisheries or different   fishery methods for ecological efficiency. The utility of knowing which fishery method is more ecologically efficient could allow those in managerial roles within the fishery to select those fisheries with optimal return and reduced ecological impact. This would be beneficial as fisheries are often an important food resource. -- The case study results indicated that the energetically and ecologically most efficient cod fisheries by vessel class ranked in the following order: twenty-five to thirty four feet, thirty-five to forty-four feet, forty-five to sixty-four feet and finally less than twenty-five feet class. The trend observed in three of the four vessel classes saw the efficiencies diminishing with time, probably reflecting a decreasing cod stock. Industrial fisheries methods have effectively increased human reliance on ancient NPP to perform these fisheries. In the past energy from wind and currents was used. The energy is now derived from the combustion of fossil fuels, ancient NPP.


identifier: Sharma, Jyoti <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sharma=3AJyoti=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Obesity, eating patterns, and physical activity of adolescents: a comparison of two rural communities in Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Adolescent and childhood obesity is on the rise globally. Newfoundland has one of the highest overweight and obesity rates in Canada. The social determinants of health, which are interrelated, influence this trend. These determinants were used as a conceptual framework in an attempt to understand how certain of the determinants influence overweight and obesity in adolescents in two rural communities with differing economic status. The aims of the study were to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity; how physical activity and dietary intake differ in both communities; and how differences in practices, perceptions, barriers, and benefits related to physical activity differ in both communities. The sample consisted of a total of 107 grade 8 and 9 students ranging from 12-15 years of age who completed a self- administered questionnaire. Actual weight and height measurements were taken and recorded. Descriptive statistics, cross tabulations and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. While the communities varied on a number of characteristics there were few statistically significant differences. A high percentage of the adolescents were overweight (23%) and obese (37%) with males more likely to be obese and females were more likely to be overweight or of normal weight. Many of the students did not follow healthy eating patterns and frequently skipped breakfast, or did not engage in recommended levels of physical activity. In addition, a number of the adolescents had poor or unfounded attitudes towards physical activity. The findings have a number of important implications for community health nurses in areas of practice, education and research in addressing issues of overweight and obesity in adolescents.


identifier: Sharp, Dorothy Candlish <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sharp=3ADorothy_Candlish=3A=3A.html>   (1976) Early childhood programs: a study of provision for kindergarten and pre-school programs in Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was designed to trace the historical development and current status of kindergarten and pre-school programs in the Province of Newfoundland. It included a survey questionnaire which was sent to teachers employed to teach pupils enrolled for their first year of public schooling. The purpose of the survey was to determine the teachers' perceptions of current kindergarten provision. -- The information gathered pertaining to the historical review was obtained from briefs, reports, historical documents and legislative statutes. The data required to establish the current status of kindergarten programs were obtained from the responses of 410 teachers employed by the various school systems in the Province. The finite population of kindergarten teachers (546), employed in 470 schools, were administered the questionnaire and a 75 per cent response was obtained. -- The statistical procedures used to analyse the survey data included percentages, cumulative frequencies and cross tabulations. Sixty factors were identified from related research and were used in the questionnaire. These were classified under five headings as follows: (i) kindergarten administration, (ii) teacher characteristics, (iii) pupil characteristics, (iv) environmental features and (v) teachers’ opinions. Personal data such as sex, age, teaching experience and professional qualifications of respondents assisted in establishing a composite profile of the “typical” kindergarten teacher. -- Results of the historical review indicate that kindergarten and pre-school development appear to be concomitants of economic and industrial growth. Various interest groups have recently championed the rights of young children in society and the members of these groups have articulated the needs of young children and their rights to the provision of early childhood programs. -- The findings of the survey data indicate that there is considerable variation in kindergarten provision. The disparity is evident in curriculum content, availability of equipment and facilities, consultative services, enrolment age of pupils and administrative structure. The academic qualifications of the respondents were also varied, the programs which they provided were different and their attitudes towards current teacher preparation programs and inservice training indicated considerable dissatisfaction. The data also show that currently there were three “cohorts” of kindergarten teachers: (i) those who teach only kindergarten pupils (ii) those who are primary teachers responsible for multi-grade classes which include kindergarten pupils and (iii) those who teach kindergarten pupils and have additional teaching or administrative duties. -- The general conclusions from the study were that: (i) recent legislation, to be administered by the Department of Education and the Department of Social Services, should facilitate the expansion of early childhood programs for Newfoundland children, (ii) attention should be given to small rural schools to upgrade kindergarten provision, (iii) revised guidelines for the aims and objectives of primary education should be developed and (iv) both inservice and teacher preparation programs for primary teachers should be reviewed.


identifier: Sharpe, Sarah L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sharpe=3ASarah_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2004) The impact of the 1992 Newfoundland fisheries crisis on school children in rural communities: a focus on community perceptions, future career interests and academic achievements.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Past studies looking into the effects of economic crisis in rural communities have focused on adults and adolescents. These studies have indicated that residents have often reacted negatively to the financial and social loss associated with unemployment. These reactions can include depression and a sense of hopelessness when looking towards the future. However, this type of loss can be mediated through economic resiliency if communities tum to alternate industries for employment. Resiliency in rural communities can also be strengthened through close social networks that provide a foundation for support, and aid in coping following economic crisis. Few studies have focused on the effects of economic change on children in rural communities. This study examines the effects of unemployment on children and focuses on communities that experienced economic loss following the 1992 Newfoundland fisheries moratorium. -- The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the moratorium on children's career interests, community perceptions and academic achievements. The children participating in this study lived in two rural communities that experienced high levels of unemployment following the closure of the fishery. One region (A-cove) has since focused efforts on the development of other existing industries while the second region (B-cove) had few alternate resources for employment. Therefore, these two communities experienced different economic situations following the moratorium and provided unique settings with which to compare children's interests, perceptions and achievements. -- Nineteen grade four students in A-cove and 22 grade four students in B-cove participated in this study through the completion of a survey on future career interests and through six focus groups on the topic of community perceptions. Academic achievement was measured with retrospective data from the Canadian Tests of Basic Skills (CTBS). These data provided grade six scores between 1985 and 1991, and four scores between 1987 and 1996 from each community. CTBS data were also compared with provincial scores over the same time periods. -- Results showed that children at ten years of age have detailed knowledge of the fisheries moratorium and unemployment resulting from this economic change. It was also found that there were differences between the two communities in the students' opinions. The fishery was not viewed as a viable future career option in B-cove and there was a high importance placed on post-secondary education and the need to leave this community in search of employment. Students in A-cove were less concerned with leaving the community and felt that they could work in the fishery if needed. However, this industry was not seen as an attractive career choice. CTBS scores revealed that academic achievement was relatively constant prior to 1993. Since the moratorium, academic results have improved in both communities. This improvement was especially evident in B-cove. -- In conclusion, the fisheries moratorium seemed to influence children's future career interests, community perceptions and academic achievement. Variations in community resiliency following this economic change were also seen to impact children's views and future goals. -- It is recommended that grade four students might benefit from home and classroom discussions surrounding the topics of education, employment and the influence of the moratorium on their communities. If options on future educational choices and careers could be presented to children, it could motivate learning and help to alleviate any concerns that students may have.


identifier: Shastry, Himadri Kumar <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shastry=3AHimadri_Kumar=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Investigation of active suspension system in a multi-body quarter car model.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Technological advancements in the automotive industry have led to various improvements in vehicle safety, ride quality and aesthetics. Vehicle safety is one of the foremost issues that the automotive industry is constantly working on to reduce the risk of injury and discomfort to passengers. Humans are sensitive to vibrations and excessive vibrations can cause injury or discomfort such as back pain, fatigue, mental stress and unseating of passengers. Road holding and vehicle stability is affected by road disturbances, suspension characteristics and directional motion of the vehicle. Ride quality is also influenced by vibrations induced from the road as well as imbalances in the tire/wheel assembly. In order to analyze and suppress vehicle vibrations and increase vehicle safety, a non-linear multi-body quarter car model and a linear quarter car model have been developed using bond graph methodology. -- Active suspension system has been developed in this research using a linear quadratic controller and applied to the linear quarter car and the multi-body model. The multi-body model has been characterized to obtain the parameters for suspension and damping coefficients that can be used in the linear quarter car model. Non-linearity has been introduced in the multi-body model with the use of non-linear components (springs and dampers) and/or use of geometric non-linearity of the suspension. A gain factor is applied to the actuator force of the active suspension system of the multi-body model to compensate for the kinematic differences between the linear model and the non-linear model. A comparison study is performed in frequency and time domain for both the models and four cases have been developed to study the effectiveness of the linear quadratic controller on the multi-body model as well as the linear quarter car model. The results show that the multi-body model performs better than the linear quarter car model when there is low geometric non-linearity. When component non-linearity and high geometric non-linearity are introduced in the multi-body model, the performance of the linear quadratic controller deteriorates in comparison to the linear quarter car, particularly for the ride quality scenarios. The active suspension system for the multi-body model performs better than the passive system in all the four cases. -- The research winds up with a discussion on how the objectives outlined in the study have been attained and recommendations for future work.


identifier: Shea, Jennifer Mary <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shea=3AJennifer_Mary=3A=3A.html>   (2006) An apple a day keeps the doctor away: immigrant youth in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, and their constructions of health and fitness.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines the results of an empirical study, which aims to show how immigrant youth, aged 12-17, residing in 81. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, construct notions of health and fitness. Based on focus groups and the completion of journals with these youth, I examine their ideas of health and fitness, and how these are influenced by cultural and institutional discourses. The youth in this study have proven to be very knowledgeable about issues surrounding health and fitness, and often exhibit frustrations at the rigid discourses and in their own appropriation and/or rejection of these ideals. Results show how the readings of these cultural discourses are important in the formation of their personal meanings of health and fitness. Finally, I examine how these youth construct themselves and others as healthy/unhealthy or fit/unfit subjects through these dominant discourses. This study begins to fill important gaps in the Canadian literature on health and fitness by focusing on the perspectives of Canadian immigrant youth.


identifier: Sheedy, Matt <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sheedy=3AMatt=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Locke's inheritors: an examination of the theological underpinnings of the Letter concerning toleration and its implications for the modern dilemma of religious toleration.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: My study is an examination of the political theology of seventeenth-century English philosopher John Locke. Beginning with his early career in 1660, I trace a course of Locke's intellectual development on the theme of religious toleration. With particular emphasis on the Letter Concerning Toleration, I argue that the evolution of Locke's theory was based as much on his sincere theological concerns as it was on his (more well-known) secular arguments. Approaches to Locke's theory are therefore necessarily diminished if they fail to recognize the significance of his religious beliefs. -- Turning to the present, I look at some of the ways in which Locke's theory has been applied in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, and make the claim that his dual emphasis on the importance of finding a moral-centre while stressing the difficulty of attaining absolute "truth,” has much to offer for our current dilemma of religious toleration.


identifier: Shehata, Marlene Fouad Amin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shehata=3AMarlene_Fouad_Amin=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Anti-apoptotic and apoptotic effects of Xrel3 in human cervical cancer cells.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Cervical cancer is considered a common yet preventable cause of death in women. It has been estimated that about 420 women out of the 1400 women diagnosed with cervical cancer will die during 5 years from diagnosis (National Cancer Institute of Canada, 2003). This study addresses the role of a member of the Rel/NF-κB family of genes, Xrel3, in the growth of the malignant HeLa cervical cells and its effect on chemotherapeutic treatment. -- The hypothesis of this study is that Rel/NF-κB promotes chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer cells. In order to study this problem, the amphibian Xrel3, a Rel/NF-κB homologue, was used because it was previously shown to be constitutively active when transfected into HeLa cells, which normally do not express Rel/NF-κB. This allowed the opportunity to test whether Xrel3 expression imbues chemoresistant properties to these cells. -- The expression of Xrel3 slowed the growth of HeLa cervical cells associated with an increase in expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. The expression level of the apoptosis pathway protein caspase-8, its activated product and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, PARP, were also elevated 6-fold relative to the non-induced state, perhaps associated with the initiation of apoptosis consequent to cell growth arrest. -- To determine the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on HeLa cells expressing Xrel3, cells were treated with the DNA-crosslinking and chelating agent, cisplatin. At 1 J.LM cisplatin, the expression of Xrel3 initiated an anti-apoptotic  effect after 24 hours of treatment, based on the expression of significantly lower levels of the apoptotic proteins, Bax (P<0.05), caspase-8 (P<0.05) and MDM-2 (P<0.01). Furthermore, the level of the tumor suppressor protein p53 was suppressed by 3-fold, along with a reduction of caspase-3 and p21. The expression of the anti-apoptotic BAG-1 isoforms (P<0.01) was also increased. The expression of Xrel3 sensitizes HeLa cells to 1 μM cisplatin after a lag period of three days, however, as assessed by a decrease in numbers of viable cells. -- After 24 hours of 5 J.LM cisplatin treatment, there was a significant increase in the levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins relative to controls, including Bax (P<0.05), MDM-2 (P<0.05), the cell cycle inhibitor p21 (P<0.01), cleaved PARP, caspase-8, and caspase-3. However, p53 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) while BCL-2 (P<0.01) and BCL- XL (P<0.01) levels were elevated significantly. The level of the anti-apoptotic protein BAG-I remained constant (P<O.O 1) in cisplatin-treated Xrel3- expressing cells. Despite the increased expression ofBAG-1, the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors shifted towards increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E6 expression was not affected by the transfected Xrel3 gene. -- These results suggested that Xrel3, a homolog of c-Rel, causes an anti-apoptotic effect (chemoresistance) when cells are initially exposed to low cisplatin concentrations (1 μM). This result supports the hypothesis of this study. However, with prolonged contact to 1 μM cisplatin or upon 24 hours exposure to 5 μM cisplatin, Xrel3 had a synergistic apoptotic effect when coupled with cisplatin, thus promoting chemosensitivity and cell death. These results support the previously proposed idea that Rel/NF-κB proteins modulate their activity depending on cellular stress.


identifier: Shen, Chengxi <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shen=3AChengxi=3A=3A.html>   (2013) The high frequency surface wave radar cross section for ocean swell: derivation and inversion.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Over the last four decades, the application of high frequency (HF) radars to the monitoring of ocean surface has emerged as a vibrant field of study in the remote sensing and oceanographic communities. These HF radars, operating in the surface wave mode, can provide accurate and real-time information regarding surface currents and waves, which greatly aids in the planning and execution of oceanographic projects, search and rescue events, and commercial fisheries. However, most present HF radar techniques are restricted to the measurement of sea state parameters associated with wind waves only, while the underlying swell component, which may severely distort the inversion results and pose certain hazards on offshore activities, is usually neglected. -- In this thesis, the first- and second-order HF radar cross sections are derived for the random, time-varying, swell-contaminated seas. The analysis originates from the electric field equations for the scattering of HF radiation from the ocean surface, with the source being a vertical dipole with a pulsed sinusoidal excitation. The various field components are then autocorrelated and Fourier transformed to give the power spectral density. Finally, the expressions of the cross sections can be obtained using the radar range equation. By introducing appropriate directional wave spectra to specify the ocean surface as a mixture of wind waves and swell, the derived cross section models are calculated and depicted. Essential characteristics and major differences from conventional cross sections for purely wind-driven seas are discussed. -- Next, the study is extended to include the consideration of a frequency modulated continuous wave source (FMCW), because such a waveform is often employed in practical HF radar systems. The mathematical expressions for the FMCW cross sections of swell-contaminated seas are first presented, and their properties are then addressed. Only trivial differences can be observed when comparing the cross section model for the pulsed and FMCW wave forms, which indicates that an inversion routine may be developed and applied simultaneously for both cases. -- Finally, an inversion algorithm is proposed for the extraction of swell parameters from HF radar Doppler spectra. These include the swell dominant period, propagating direction, frequency spreading, and significant wave height. The method involves the identification of swell peaks, the processing of swell peak positions, the measurement of swell peak half-power widths, and a maximum likelihood calculation. The procedure is then tested against simulated data, and promising inversion results are obtained. It is concluded that fine Doppler resolution is required to ensure the retrieval accuracy, and dual-radar systems are highly recommended to eliminate the directional ambiguity in swell direction. -- Overall, the analysis presented here may provide a solid foundation for future research on other types of ocean surfaces. Additionally, the properties of the scattering as manifested in this thesis should be relevant to the understanding of the complicated hydrodynamic interaction between swell and wind waves.


identifier: Sheppard, Duane <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sheppard=3ADuane=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Proton pump inhibitors in bleeding peptic ulcer: a meta-analysis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Introduction: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in preventing recurrent bleeding and death in bleeding peptic ulcer. -- Methods: PubMed and hand searching of cited references was used to identify relevant studies comparing PPI to either placebo or histamine 2 receptor antagonists for the prevention of rebleeding or death. Non English studies were translated Quality assessment and data extraction was performed by 2 independent reviewers. The RevMan statistical software was used to combine studies with the peto method. -- Results: 15 studies with a total of3063 patients enrolled were included. The pooled Odds Ratio(pOR) for the use of PPI to prevent rebleeding was significant at 0.55 (95%CI 0.46-0.66). There was a reduction in rebleeding regardless of whether or not therapeutic endoscopy had been used. Infusions of PPI were most beneficial with a pOR of0.40 (0.29-53) with a number needed to treat to prevent 1 rebleed of only5 while bolus injections failed to provide any benefit over control medication. There was no difference in mortality between PPI and control groups. -- Discussion: PPI are effective for the prevention of rebleeding in peptic ulcer disease regardless of whether or not therapeutic endoscopy has been employed. PPI are most effective when given as an infusion. Intravenous PPI should only be used in high risk peptic ulcer bleeding. Further investigations are required to determine the role of oral PPI for the prevention of rebleeding as only 2 studies used oral PPI.


identifier: Sheppard, George Mancel <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sheppard=3AGeorge_Mancel=3A=3A.html>   (1980) A study of the generational factor in child abuse.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Many attempts have been made to determine the causative factors associated with child abuse and a wide variety of explanations has been offered. One of the most persistent viewpoints is known as the Generational Factor - the view that parents who abuse their children were themselves abused in childhood. -- A review of child welfare and related literature revealed that, while the Generational Factor viewpoint was widely accepted and was supported by Learning Theory, no studies had been specifically undertaken to test its assumptions. Instead, opinion of the Generational Factor generally originated as a tangential issue emanating from other studies. -- This study was undertaken to examine specifically the Generational Factor - to determine with empirical evidence whether or not parents who abuse their children were themselves abused in childhood or were raised in environments where they were subjected to violent physical aggression and violently aggressive language. Hypotheses and a major proposition were developed for specific testing purposes and a study questionnaire was developed and pre-tested. -- In co-operation with the Provincial Department of Social Services, a methodology for testing the hypotheses was developed. Individuals who were identified as child abusers were selected and a comparison group of non-abusing individuals was matched with them using randomization procedures. Each selected participant was then visited by an interviewer and a questionnaire was completed. Completed questionnaires were kept confidential and following recording of the data on computer coding forms, the identifying code sheet was destroyed. A computer program was then devised and the groups were compared using Chi-Square and t-test statistical procedures. -- Upon analysis of the data, it was found that the groups differed significantly on a number of variables. For example, the respondents who abuse their children were found to have been hit and bruised more frequently and generally subjected to a more violent and a less loving family environment, as children, than the Comparison respondents. As well, the abusing respondents indicated that their parents were more violent toward each other and experienced less marital satisfaction and less parenting satisfaction than the parents of the Comparison respondents. -- On the basis of the evidence, the majority of the hypotheses were validated and the major proposition of the study was accepted - providing empirical evidence to support the Generational Factor.