title: Synthesis and characterization of cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes for applications in photoactivated cancer therapy

contributor:
McCain, Julia A. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(McFarland, Sherri) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Cyclometalated  Ru(II)  complexes  were  synthesized  and  examined  for  their  abilities to  act  as photoactivated  cancer therapy (PACT) agents.  A  series  of  sixteen  [Ru(bpy) 2(C^N)]+complexes, where  bpy  is  2,2’-bipyridine  and  C^N  is  a
cyclometalating  ligand, were  synthesized in 6.8%  to 45% yield to  determine structure-activity  relationships. The  corresponding cyclometalating ligands  were  also  synthesized. Characterization  was  achieved  using 1H  and 1H-1H  COSY  NMR spectroscopy, ESI(+) MS and HPLC. In vitro results from the [Ru(bpy) 2(C^N)]+series indicated that increasing  the π-conjugation  of  the cyclometalating  ligand can  dramatically  decrease  the toxicity  of  the  complex  in  the  dark,  once  a  critical  point  of  conjugation  is  attained.  It  was  also found  that the  complex  with cyclometalating  ligand 4,9,16-triazadibenzo[a,c]napthacene  (pbpn) gave the largest visible light phototherapeutic index (PI). Based on this result, an additional seven [Ru(LL)2(pbpn)]+complexes,  where  the  coligand  LL  was  varied,  were  synthesized in 1.0%  to 28% yield
and  characterized  to examine the  effect  of  the  coligand  on  cytotoxicity.  It  was determined  that  increasing  the  lipophilicity  of  the  coligand  increased  the  dark  toxicity  of  the compound,  which  decreased  the  PI. Thus,  [Ru(bpy)2(pbpn)]+ gave  the  best  performance  as  a PACT agent with itsvisible light PI of >300.

abstract: Chemistry


title: "Music was our only weapon": protest, misogyny, and hardness in the music of NWA

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor:
Hutten, Rebekah Alexis (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Boyd, Michelle) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

rights: The author grants permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. The author retains the copyright of the thesis.

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
This thesis examines the ways in which reality rap group NWA’s (Niggaz Wit’ Attitudes) music functioned as protest in Los Angeles, United States, throughout the 1980s and 1990s. They did so primarily by providing social commentary on police brutality and racism, asserting control over Black American women through misogynistic lyric content and through the sound of musical “hardness,” a quality in their music which bolstered a masculinity they adopted in order to survive.

An intersectional feminist methodology is applied to develop how misogyny in NWA’s music directly affects Black American women. This thesis draws from a wide range of Black feminist scholarship and hip-hop and rap studies.

For NWA, music was a means of creating power in a social, political, and cultural climate in which they were otherwise powerless. While their lyrics regarding Black women are blatantly derogatory, misogynistic, and sexually violent, it is not simply because the members of NWA were inherently sexist: historically-ingrained controlling images and stereotypes of Black American women permeate American society so deeply that it is quite likely NWA did not realize they were reproducing these controlling images and stereotypes through their music. It is ironic that they protested against police brutality towards Black men while simultaneously oppressing Black women through their lyrics; however, by oppressing Black women, in part, NWA facilitated their rise to power, fame, and success.

abstract: Music


title: Evolutionary trends of the carboniferous ostracod velatomorpha altilis, Joggins Fossil Cliffs, UNESCO World Heritage site.

contributor:
Maloney, Regan (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Pufahl, Peir K.) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The ostracod Velatomorpha altilis thrived in brackish coastal environments of the Carboniferous. Especially well preserved examples occur in strata exposed at the Joggins Fossil Cliffs World Heritage Site, Cumberland Basin, Nova Scotia, providing an opportunity to investigate the link between evolutionary mode and temporal changes in depositional environment. The relationship between the evolutionary mode of V. altilis and its environment is especially important because few other studies have examined the evolutionary mode of organisms living in marginal environments. The evolutionary mode of V. altilis was analyzed by measuring the length, height, width, area, and perimeter of valves from 332 specimens from
limestone at five stratigraphic levels in the Boss Point and overlying Joggins formations. Interpretations of depositional environment in this study were based in part on ostracod population structure with no statistical treatment of the data. After quantitative model-based analysis, an unbiased random walk was supported as the evolutionary mode when stracods from all five stratigraphic levels were included. Stasis was the suggested evolutionary mode only when ostracods from each
formation were considered separately. This is consistent with previous research on V. altilis from the Joggins Formation. Stasis is expected in fluctuating, stressed environments, such as the brackish coastal paleoenvironments of the Boss Point and Joggins formations. This is because organisms that inhabit those environments are usually tolerant to changing conditions. It is possible that between the formations an environmental threshold was reached that triggered rapid change in shell size. Ostracod population structure analysis supports this interpretation and suggests shell size may record a difference in  hydrologic regimeof limestone between the Boss Point and Joggins formations. This represents a classic example of punctuated equilibrium model of evolutionary change wherein long periods of stasis are punctuated by geologically short periods of drastic morphological change.

abstract: Biology


title: The Decoy game of cops and robber

contributor:
DesRoches, Davita (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Clarke, Nancy) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
In this thesis,  we examine the consequences of introducing a decoy to the game of Cops and Robber, a discrete pursuit-evasion game played on a reflexive graph G.  The Decoy game has three variations, which were introduced to give the cop increasing power  to  distinguish  between  the  robber  and  his  decoy.   Decoy  copwin  graphs  in the first variation are fully characterized, so this thesis will focus primarily on fully characterizing  decoy  copwin  graphs  in  the  second  variation.   We  will  also  present additional  results  for  all  three  variations  and  an  ongoing  discussion  of  how  these
variations are connected but still distinct.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: The Vagina Dialogues: conversations around women's bodies

contributor:
Allen, Nora (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Abramson, Zelda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The complexity of female genitalia is frequently ignored in school based sexual education as well as contemporary discussion of the female body. Conversations of female genitalia are often uncomfortable for participants according to contemporary research. The current study looks at the ways in which language and education shape experiences with
discussions of female genitalia. The historical production of anatomical and medical knowledge, as well as the women’s self-help movement in the 1970s, are used to contextualize the results of a survey of 282 students at an Eastern Canadian University and their experiences with genital education, language usage and comfort. Drawing on cross-tabulation and logistic regression analyses, the findings revealed that early socialization regarding the female genitals as shameful and mysterious made future conversations of female genitalia more uncomfortable, despite respondents indicating that
they are comfortable discussing female genitalia. The research found that there is a lack of knowledge of the specific female genital organs, particularly in regards to the vulva, and the conflation of the vagina and vulva is problematic for educated understanding of the complexity of the female genital organs.

abstract: Sociology


title: An investigation of bisphenol A and phthalates in tea

contributor:
Carr Kinnear, Evan J. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Tong, Anthony) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Although tea is often considered a healthy drink, there is the possibility for it to contain a variety of unwanted compounds, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates. These compounds could be introduced during the production and transportation of the tea. BPA and phthalates are endocrine disrupting compounds, known to cause a variety of health problems, including increasing the rate of prostate and breast cancers. This project was designed to quantitate the amount of these compounds when tea was prepared in a variety of conditions, and with a variety of different brands and flavours. Tea was prepared at temperatures from 50 to 100°C and at steeping times from 1 to 30 minutes. BPA and phthalates were
extracted using solid phase extractions, and quantitated using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Total contaminant concentrations increased linearly with respect to both steeping time and steeping temperature, with R2values of 0.98 and
0.86, respectively. Of the different types of tea, the lowest total concentration (164±18 ng/g) was found in Jinhuacha loose leaf green tea, and the highest (500±15 ng/g) was detected in Lipton green tea. Loose leaf green teas showed lower total concentration of contaminants than bagged green teas. The highest concentrations of all compounds were found to be
benzylbutylphthalate in both Lipton English breakfast and Lipton green teas with concentrations of 244±76 ng/g and 197
±9 ng/g244±76 ng/g and 197±9 ng/g, respectively. The compounds di-n-butylphthalate, benzylbutylphthalate, and bis-2-
ethylhexylphthalate were all present in concentrations of 50 ng/g or more in 3 or more samples, and contributed the most to the contamination in most types of tea.

abstract: Chemistry


title: History of early reading difficulty and document literacy

contributor:
Franklin, Jay E. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Major, Sonya) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
This thesis examined the relationship between university students’ self-reported reading difficulties and their current
document literacy skills. Participants (n=38) completed the ARHQ-R, a self-report measure of students’ early history with reading as well as their current attitudes towards reading, then completed a series of document literacy tasks that had them locate information in four documents created for the study. Students were scored on both completion time and
accuracy of answers. Due to the ceiling effect on accuracy, only completion time was used in further analyses.  Significant correlations were found between ARHQ-R elementaryscore and completion time for three of the four tasks. The results indicate that a relationship exists between early difficulties with reading and document literacy. Due to the prevalence of document literacy in the workplace, these results provide important insight into how a history of early reading difficulty
may affect performance on reading tasks as young adults.

abstract: Psychology


title: "You would hardly think it to look at them": Visual representations of colonialism in Bessie Lockhart's scrapbooks

contributor:
Atkinson, Sarah Patricia (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Poulter, Gillian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
E. Bessie Lockhart was an Acadia graduate of the class of 1916, who then ventured off to India to be a Baptist missionary.  She spent over forty years in India doing mission work, and she sent scrapbooks home to her family and friends, filled with
photographic and written representations of her life in India. The first section of this archival thesis is the finding aid for Lockhart’s fonds.  The order of the fonds, and a brief finding aid had already been in place when I started working on them, compiled byBethany Jost in 2008.  However, Lockhart’s photo albums of India had little attention paid to them.  I added all of the descriptions of the India scrapbooks, added to the series descriptions, and many other aspects of the finding aid,
including the biography and notes sections. The second section of this thesis is a paper, which explores how Lockhart’s
scrapbooks use familiar visual metaphors to describe what she has observed. These metaphors include comparisons of
dark and light, ignorance and education, and “heathen” and Christian, to represent the “uncivilised”in comparison to the “civilised.” Her scrapbooks also showcase a contradiction between the humanitarian missionary mindset, and the
colonialism that sometimes lurked behind it, but was at times all too obvious

abstract: History & Classics


title: Understanding mechanisms of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Injuries: effect of sex and age on gluteus medius activation and hip biomechanics during jump landings in early pubescent and post-pubescent athletes

contributor:
Kivell, Matthew J. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Landry, Scott) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common knee injuries sustained in sport. The ACL functions to passively resist anterior tibial translation on the femur and to stabilize the knee during internal/external and varus/vagus
moments. The quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemii actively support the knee joint during movement. Non-contact ACL injuries, classified as injuries that are not sustained by a direct blow to the knee, account for upwards of 70% of all ACL injuries. Moreover, females are 2-8 times more likely to sustain a non-contact ACL injury compared to males after the onset of puberty. Identification of risk factors that contribute to non-contact ACL injuries are imperative to mitigate the devastating effects of this injury through effective injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sex (male versus female) and age (early versus post-pubescence) on gluteus medius activation patterns and hip joint biomechanics during double leg drop jump landings , a maneuver that puts athletes at risk of ACL injury. A comprehensive protocol has been developed within the John MacIntyre motion Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics (mLAB), enabling longitudinal data to be collected for the purpose of identifying non-contact ACL injury risk
factors. Biomechanical and muscle activation patterns proximal to the knee joint influence kinematics and kinetics directly
at the knee joint due to the kinetic-chain nature of the lower extremities. Specifically, hip internal rotation and adduction
(primary movements controlled by the gluteus medius) contribute to knee valgus, found to be a risk factor for ACL injuries.
Elite level court and field athletes (males n=10, females n=10) participated in the present study and they were recruited from Acadia University varsity programs and local youth sport organizations. Of the males, 5 were categorized as early pubescent (young) (age=11.6 yr ±0.9, height=154.1 cm ±12.3, weight = 42.5 kg ±7.2) and 5 categorized as post-pubescent (old) (age = 20.8 yr ±1.5, height = 179.4 cm ±7.4, weight = 78.2kg ±8.4). Similarly, 5 females were categorized as early pubescent (young) (age = 10.8yr ± 0.8, height = 150.7cm ±5.5, weight = 38.3 kg ±6.1) and post-pubescent (old) (age = 19.6yr± 2.3, height = 169.2cm ±6.0, weight = 63.8 kg ±6.8). A double leg drop jump protocol was used to analyze gluteus medius activation patterns, hip joint angles and hip joint moments using 16 wireless electromyography electrodes, a 12-camera motion capture system and 3 force platforms. A 2-way between subjects ANOVA was used to test for age (early pubescent
versus post-pubescent) and sex (male versus female) effects. Multiple Bonferroni corrected pairwise comparisons were performed on the data when an interaction effect was identified for a particular measure. The findings were that female athletes, particularly post-pubescent females, demonstrated enhanced gluteus medius activation levels in combination with
altered hip joint biomechanics that might put this particularly small group of females at reduced risk of injury compared to their male counterparts. This preliminary study was successful in developing a comprehensive testing and data analysis protocol that will continue to be used within Acadia’s John MacIntyre mLAB for a long term follow-up study focused on investigating the mechanisms or risk factors of non-contact ACL injuries in athletes.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: More than labor's able assistant: rediscovering Elizabeth Gurley Flynn in the progressive era

contributor:
Visser, Carlie D. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Dennis, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
This thesis focuses on the early life and activism of Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, a leading female orator and activist for the syndicalism movement of the early 20th century. Emerging as a popular oratorical figure in New York in 1905, Flynn
became what theorist Antonio Gramsci would describe as an organic intellectual, emerging from within the working class itself to speak to its grievances and articulate a vision of social justice. This thesis seeks to foreground the hybridity of Flynn’s involvement in Progressive Era social activism by highlighting her connection to both the world of radical labor unionism and the sphere of socialist and progressive American thought. As a writer, orator, and thinker, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn worked to bridge the internal divisions of the working-class and build unions predicated on class-based solidarity that would lead to fundamental social and economic change. In addition, Flynn was a labor feminist who believed that women’s economic independence could not be separated from the movement for her political and social equality. As a representative figure and a singularly significant working-class intellectual, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn warrants the attention of those who seek to better understand how women, labor, and dissident thought intersected in the democratic challenge to industrial capitalism.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Smart, pretty, funny and sometimes a talented athlete: redefining fairness In sport

contributor:
Fray, Madeline (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Whitehall, Geoffrey) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
My thesis discusses whether or not sexed and gendered bodies are essential to defining “fairness” in Sport. The concept of
“fairness” in Sport has different interpretations that change depending on the participant’s age, gender,and sex. Each of these interpretations fail to give a full definition of fairness, seeing as they rely on the individual fitting into the dominant social categories which can be enforced throughout the world of Sport. Therefore, a new definition of fairness, which focuses on the abilities of the athlete’s body is required. In the current Sport realm there are two tests that are used to help
maintain the current definition of "fair." These two tests only subject the female body and women's gender to sex-testing
and gender-testing. This form of testing needs–gender-testing and sex-testing-need to be acknowledged and deemed unfair. These tests are unfair because they only subject the body to testing, which simply confirms that the athlete's body
abides by the social binaries of male and female, man and woman. Fairness in Sport should not be based on an athlete’s
gender or sex, but rather their ability to play a Sport, whether it is wheelchair rugby, 100-meter dash, or football. A person’s
sex or gender identity should not be taken into consideration when deciding whether or not they should be allowed to participate in Sport.

abstract: Politics


title: Biodiversity trends in urban storm water ponds

contributor:
McCulloch, Hollis M. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Avery, Trevor) (Thesis advisor)
(Pick, Frances) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
City environments are eliminating habitat for many species thereby reducing biodiversity ; wetlands in particular are being threatened. Storm water ponds built in urban areas to collect runoff and prevent flooding can undergo succession over time to develop into quasi-wetlands. This study examined 38 storm water ponds (SWP) relative to five natural (NAT) wetlands in Canada’s National Capital Region to place the SWPs in context as a biodiversity resource in the area. Odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) were used as biological indicators. Odonates are closely associated with vegetation throughout their life cycles, so both odonates and vegetation were surveyed twice during summer 2015. Odonates were sampled in one or more circuits around each pond for a total effort of one hour during peak flight conditions. Vegetation
sampling was closely timed with sampling of the odonates, using the interrupted belt transect method. Sampled quadrats were selected based on preliminarily observed maximum diversity. Only circuit 1 odonates were used for analyses, and they were standardized by distance travelled (pond size).  There was no statistical difference in the odonate richness between pond types. There was greater vegetation richness at the SWPs, and a higher density of non-native plants in comparison to the NAT wetlands. Odonate richness was unaffected by pond size and age. However, vegetation richness decreased with both pond size and age. There was no significant correlation between standardized odonate richness and vegetation richness. However, the percentage of female odonates ovipositing increased with vegetation richness. SWPs are potentially good sites for management or enhancement to better support the presence of wildlife, helping to replace disappearing urban wetland habitat, while still performing their primary task of holding storm water runoff.

abstract: Biology


title: Necessary change: the need for survival as a perspective of roman military adaptation

contributor:
Johnston, Wayne W. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Provencal, Vernon) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
This thesis aims to provide a new perspective on the change in the Roman military, mainly with respect to equipment and tactics. Instead of looking at change in the Roman military from the perspective of Roman expansionism, which focuses on
how military changes enabled Rome to expand, it is more accurate to regard Roman military change as arising out of Rome’s need to adapt in order to survive. Through a continuous cycle of defensive wars starting with the three Samnite Wars, Rome changed its military by adapting ideas and techniques of its enemies. Adaptations of the Roman military came in several forms, including weaponry and armour, tactics, training, and fortification. These adaptations, once put into action, led to Roman victory and expansion by way of military defeat of hostile enemy forces.  Since the beginning of the Samnite wars in the middle Republic, Rome was caught in a continuous series of conflicts, almost all of which threatened Rome and its interests. The defensive wars that followed not only provided safety for Rome and its people, but increased the territory under Roman control due to military superiority. Following the establishment of the Pax Romana, little innovation occurred in Rome's military structure until the reintroduction of defensive wars during the crisis of the third
century. Following reintroduction of defensive wars, the Roman military, through adaptation, began to resemble the bar
barian forces they fought against, eventually changing into the Byzantine Medieval army.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Shadows of Light

contributor: (Wyile, Andrea Schwenke) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract: Shadows of Light is a picture novella, an experimental form that combines the written narrative of a novella with picture passages inspired by wordless novels. The story follows the character of Mae who returns to her childhood home and reflects on past events concerning her eccentric artist mother, Joan. Three sets of memories entwine to form a story that focuses on three generations of women and the relationships between love and hate, creativity and logic, and the visual and the verbal.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Removal efficiencies of wastewater treatment technologies for top pharmaceuticals

contributor:
Greenham, Ryan T. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Tong, Anthony) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater, and their subsequent release into the environment have   attracted   growing   public   concern.   Although   studies   have   been performed  to detect  pharmaceuticals  in  wastewater  effluents,  little  research  has  been conducted  to  assess  the  efficiency of  pharmaceutical  removal  using  different
treatment technologies.  To  assess  the  removal  efficiencies  of  pharmaceuticals  from  wastewater, samples taken from wastewater treatment plants in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were analysed  for  12  of  the  top  20  pharmaceuticals  sold  in  Canada,  and  2  metabolites. Pharmaceutical  concentrations  were  quantified,  and  average  removal  efficiencies  of pharmaceuticals were calculated at the 95% confidence level. The average pharmaceutical removal  efficiencies  for  9  technologies:  aerated  lagoon,  extended  aeration,  facultative lagoon,  membrane  bioreactor,  modified  secondary,  oxidation  ditch,  primary  treatment, rotating biological contactor and sequencing batch reactor technologies, were determined to be 95.1±0.3%, 87±1%, 94±4%, 97%, 82±4%, 93.8±0.6%, -23±6%, 87.4±0.4%, and 75±4% respectively. The negative removal efficiency of primary treatment was due to sampling uncertainty introduced by several hours of retention time. Further experiments were  performed  to  assess  dissolved  oxygen,  chemical  oxygen  demand,  total  suspended
solids,  colour,  and  turbidity  of the  samples.  The  results  help  establish fundamental knowledge for studying pharmaceuticals in  wastewater  treatment, where  improvements need to be made for better preventing pharmaceuticals from releasing into the environment

abstract: Chemistry


title: Bisphenol a disrupts regeneration in Pygospio elegans (Polychaeta: spionidae)

contributor:
Genereux, Olivia (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Gibson, Glenys) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Adults of some species have the capacity to regenerate lost body parts, a process mediated by the molecular processes of gene regulation. Model organisms for regeneration include salamanders, hydra, and planarian flatworms. The spionid polychaete Pygospio elegans, a small marine invertebrate common in estuaries and mud flats in the North Atlantic, has the capacity to regenerate lost structures with fidelity to its original body plan in as little as eight days.

I investigated the potential effects of a common environmental contaminant on regeneration, bisphenol-A (BPA), a compound that is known to disrupt embryonic development by demethylating DNA. The effects of folic acid and vitamin B12 were tested to
determine if they rescued regeneration from the potential effects of BPA, as these dietary compounds are thought to restore DNA methylation in mouse model systems. Preliminary research showed that BPA slowed regeneration in both anterior and posterior regeneration. Subsequently, the effects of BPA on morphology was compared using bright field and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and potential effects on mitosis using confocal laser scanning microscopy (Click
-It Edu® Cell Proliferation kit). Lower rates of cell proliferation were observed in BPA treated specimens, while subsequent exposure to folic acid or seawater (“rescue” treatments) appeared to restore mitosis rates to that of the controls. These
results suggest that BPA disrupts regeneration by inhibiting mitosis, but also, that these effects may be reversed in early blastema formation by exposing the worms to a different environment

abstract: Biology


title: Investigation of the importance of maternal and zygotic environment in determining offspring phenotype.

contributor:
Penney, Chelsea (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Gibson, Glenys) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Species with developmental plasticity produce more than one morph of offspring in different environments.  How important is the parental environment in determining offspring morph (i.e., is form transmitted epigenetically across generations) or can embryos “correct” the phenotype induced by mum’s environment? I tested the relative importance of parental and embryonic environment on developmental plasticity in the marine invertebrate Polydora cornuta, a species that produces two morphs of larvae (dispersive and non-dispersive). My first hypothesis is that larval phenotype is
determined by parental environment; therefore, offspring phenotype should not be altered by subsequent treatment of embryos prior to the maternal-zygotic genome transition. My second hypothesis is that embryonic environment will over-ride effects of maternal environment. Parents were cultured in four groups: seawater (control), folate/B12, Bisphenol A, and methionine. For hypothesis 1, broods were isolated from control parents before the maternal-zygotic transition and exposed to the treatments described above (n=7broods, 302 larvae). Exposure of early embryos to BPA and methionine induced a shift towards the production of more small larvae (i.e., dispersive larvae; one-way ANOVA, df=3, 299, p≤0.0001) indicating that embryonic environment does influence larval form. For hypothesis 2, both parents and embryos were exposed to the treatments in a nested design (embryos nested within parental treatment). Both parental and embryonic environment affected larval phenotype, with embryonic environment overriding maternal environment in some cases (GLM, df=1, 15, p≤0.0001). These results indicate that both maternal and embryonic environments influence plasticity in offspring phenotype.

abstract: Biology


title: Attachment style as a moderator between various areas of worklife and burnout

contributor:
Zelman, Jacob (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Leiter, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Attachment theory is a developing area of research in the industrial organizational psychology field. The relationships of burnout and areas of worklife have been well established in decades past (Maslach & Leiter, 1997, 2008). The application of
attachment theory offers the perspective of examining individual differences pertaining to interpersonal relationships and coping with stressful circumstances in the workplace (Harms, 2011).  A survey of health care workers (N= 1902) was conducted by the Center forOrganizational Research and Development at Acadia University. A moderation technique was used to analyze the predictive power of attachment style as a moderator of the relationships between the three most social areas of worklife and burnout. Despite the lack of significance of analyses regarding the exhaustion and cynicism dimensions of burnout, four of the six hypotheses regarding the professional efficacy dimension of burnout proved to be significant. The confirmation of four significant interactions provides valuable evidence as to how individual factors can
suppress the relationship between areas of worklife and the professional efficacy dimension of burnout. Future research
should examine other populations of workers to see if any of the patterns found in this study are generalizable to other populations. Furthermore, focusing on the stability of the construct of attachment at work over time and across settings would also be useful.

abstract: Psychology


title: Devenir l’idéal de soi-même: La jalousie, le préjugé et la persévérance dans La Petite Fadette (1849) et Les Maîtres Sonneurs (1853) de George Sand

contributor:
Gaunce, Emily B. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Worvill, Romira) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Résumé

Influencée par le genre littéraire de la pastorale, par la philosophie de Leroux et par la Révolution de 1848, George Sand a assumé la responsabilité d’instruire ses lecteurs sur la façon dont ils pourraient promulguer le changement social en devenant la version idéale d’eux-mêmes. Dans deux de ses romans champêtres, La Petite Fadette (1849) et Les Maîtres Sonneurs (1853), Sand décrit la réalité de la vie paysanne tout en imposant son idéalisme à certains de ses personnages. Elle montre comment la jalousie et le préjugé peuvent être des forces destructrices contre la justice. Cependant, elle montre aussi qu’en persévérant, on a la capacité de devenir l’idéal de soi-même. et par conséquent, on a la capacité de
lutter contre les injustices de la société. En fin de compte, Sand veut communiquer à ses lecteurs que pour changer la société, on doit tout d’abord s’améliorer soi-même.

Abstract

Influenced by the pastoral literary genre, the philosophy of Leroux and the Revolution of 1848, George Sand assumed the responsibility of instructing her readers as to how they might enact social change by becoming the ideal version of themselves. In two of her rural novels, La Petite Fadette (1849) and Les Maîtres Sonneurs (1853), Sand describes the realistic life of the peasantry while imposing upon some of her characters her idealism. She illustrates how jealousy and prejudice can be destructive forces against justice. However, she also demonstrates that by persevering, one is able to become one’s best self and therefore, be capable of fighting against social injustice. Ultimately, Sand is conveying to her readers that to change society, we must first improve ourselves.

abstract: Languages & Literatures


title: A respectable solution to the Indian problem: Canadian genocidal intent, non-physical conceptions of destruction and the Nova Scotia Mi'kmaq 1867-1969

contributor:
Peters, Mercedes (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Henderson, Stephen) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
This work challenges western discourse within studies of genocide, as well as colonially influenced interpretations of indigenous history, by exploring notions of cultural genocide versus genocide proper within Canadian Indian assimilation policy. Focusing on the Mi’kmaq of Nova Scotia, paired with a re-examination of the UN Genocide Convention, I will analyze how western political discourse restricts international understanding of diverse means of committing genocide to a primary focus on physical violence, while neglecting non-physical forms used to destroy populations legally, culturally and ethnically. This type of violence includes destruction of language and culture, forced enfranchisement and imposition of gross poverty. These were the tools with which Canada attempted to destroy its indigenous population in a fashion acceptable to their reputation as upholders of moral example. Regardless of how noble they believed their motives, the government intended to push indigenous people to extinction. Based on this analysis, it can be argued that Canada
committed genocide proper with its assimilation policies. Through examination of the Genocide Convention, I will demonstrate that Canadian intent to destroy First Nations, Métis and Inuit people is explicit in late federal focus on the Maritime Provinces as an area important to “assimilate.” The decimation of the Mi’kmaq in the pre-confederation Canada meant that they posed no threat to the government in 1867; however, later, the need to destroy all indigenous people saw renewed interest in the Mi’kmaq. The construction of Shubenacadie Indian Residential School long after the assimilation project began demonstrates the goal of eradicating Canadian indigenous people, confirming the genocide charge.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Time to sync the time-course: Co-registration of ERP responses and eye fixations in spoken word recognition

contributor:
Smith, Gabriel K. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Newman, Randy Lynn) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
In spoken language processing, rhyme effects refer to the activation of lexical candidates that rhyme with a perceived spoken word (e.g., when hearing /hat/, /cat/ should become activated). Feed-forward models that emphasizes word-initial information predict that rhyme effects should not exist, whereas continuous-mapping models predict that they should exist. Behavioural research has failed to find consistent evidence of rhyme effects, whereas physiological methods (electroencephalogram (EEG), eye tracking) have succeeded in finding them. The current study used the novel approach of combining eye tracking and EEG methodology in the investigation of rhyme effects. The paradigm involved participants choosing between four images that either matched an auditory word or mismatched in one of three ways: cohort (identical word-beginning), rhyme (identical word-end) or unrelated. Eye fixation related potentials (EFRPs; EEG time-locked to fixations) were only partially able to distinguish between the different competitors. However, the eye tracking data showed increased fixations to the rhyme over the unrelated competitor and slowed recognition of the target in the presence of a rhyme, both of which are indicative of rhyme effects. Finally, participants were faster to fixate to the target when both rhyme and cohort competitors were present than when only a cohort was present. The non-additive nature of this effect is consistent with continuous-mapping models. Overall, EFRPs were shown to hold promise in illuminating the interactive
mechanisms of spoken word recognition.

abstract: Psychology


title: Transmission electron microscopy analysis of MnSi on SiC

contributor:
Edwards, Brendan (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Robertson, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract: Out-of-plane skyrmions are predicted to be present in MnSi thin films grown on SiC substrates due to the easy-axis, in-plane compressive strain experienced by the MnSi layer.  Transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to examine multiple MnSi/SiC samples for the possibility of exhibiting this phenomenon. The growth morphology and orientation of the MnSi layer were analyzed and the strain exhibited by the layer was measured. The MnSi layer was found to have a non-uniform growth with two dominant orientations, 0° and 16.1°,and a widespread polycrystalline phase.  The strain in the samples was measured to be a tensile strain as posed to the expected compressive strain and much lower in magnitude than predicted; thus not capable of inducing out-of-plane skyrmions in the MnSi layer.

abstract: Physics


title: Tradition and culture versus supply and demand: Traditional food access in Nova Scotia

contributor:
Grann, Amy (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Carlsson, Liesel) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The purpose of this research was to facilitate a better understanding of the barriers and supports that exist in accessing traditional food for Aboriginal Peoples in Nova Scotia. Two focus groups were held (n=16), one off-reserve and one on-reserve in a talking circle format to facilitate discussion on traditional food access. Focus groups were transcribed and analyzed using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory and with use of the medicine wheel as an evaluation framework. Supports common between both groups were strength of cultural values, community engagement, and consultations and partnerships. Overall barriers were knowledge/education, identity, community, land access, cost, tourism, and policies. Main barriers on-reserve were land ownership, developments and construction; and off-reserve, limited community support and knowledge circulation. In conclusion, both supports and challenges exist for traditional
food access in Nova Scotia; however, barriers outweighed supports in both number and magnitude, which is in line with the increasing inequities experienced by Aboriginal peoples in Canada. In order to address barriers to food access, stronger
community and political partnerships along with consultations between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal groups are necessary to address issues of common concern.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: The synthesis and characterization of Ruthenium and Osmium Polypyridyl, coordination complexes as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

contributor:
Bennett, Leah G. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(McFarland, Sherri) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Photodynamic  therapy  (PDT)  is  a  non  invasive  cancer  treatment  that  can  be spatially and temporally controlled. This process involves the combination of a pro-drug called a photosensitizer (PS), oxygen, and a therapeutic wavelength of light to kill canerous cells. In this study, fourty-one PSs have been synthesized in yields between 8% and 93%. These  compounds  have  been  synthesized  with  the  intention  to  produce  a  promising photosensitizer  (PS)  and  to  develop  a  structure-activity  relationship. Strained  ruthenium complexes will also be explored to develop potential photoejecting species. Ideally these compounds will have a high near-IR absorbance, a large phototheraputic index, be water soluble, and have a high cellular uptake. These PSs vary in metal center (either ruthenium or  osmium),  functional  ligand,  and  co-ligand  (2,2’-bipyridine, 2,2’-biquinoline, or 4,4’-dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridine). There are two types of functional ligands being synthesized in
this  project:  aromatic  tethered  and  thiophene  tethered.  The  aromatic  group  includes imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenathroline  tethered  to  an  aromatic  molecule  and  the  thiophene group  includes [1,10]phenathroline tethered  to  thiophene,  bithiophene,  or  terthiophene. These  were  synthesized  through  a  microwave  reaction, followed  by  a  liquid-liquid extraction. Crude compounds were purified by silica column chromatography and chloride
converted using amberlite anion exchange columns. The compounds were analyzed using 1H NMR, 1H-1H COSY NMR, and ESI-MS. It was found that the aromatic series shows a promising  future,  and  it  may  be  beneficial  for  the  library  to  be  extended.  The  thiophene series showed astonishing results worth further investigation

abstract: Chemistry


title: Moderating effects of positive affect, negative affect, and incivility on students’ engagement and exhaustion

contributor:
Lutz, Spencer M. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Leiter, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The present study examined the relationships between incivility and students’ levels of positive and negative affect, exhaustion, and engagement, offering new results to the academic domain. The Center for Organizational Research and Development at Acadia University conducted a survey of Acadia University students (N= 252) as a requirement for a special topics course. Initial correlations between all variables were significant, p< .001. A moderation technique was used to examine the predictive power of incivility on relationships among the study variables. A significant three-way interaction was found: at low levels of positive affect, the slope of the relationship of incivility with exhaustion was steepest at high levels of negative affect, and flat at low levels of negative affect. At high levels of positive affect, the slopes of the relationship of incivility with exhaustion did not differ across levels of negative affect. A significant two-way interaction
of positive affect on incivility with engagement was also found. Results suggest incivility is present within the university setting, and there are implications of affectivity for the emotional impact of strained social relationships

abstract: Psychology


title: An alternative method for ordered ANOVA under unequal variances

contributor:
Ichiba, Sota (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Peng, Jianan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The ordered one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has drawn a lot of attention.  Its test procedure differs from the  unordered one-way ANOVA as it needs to detect not only the difference in mean, but also whether the means follow monotonic restriction. The Welch trend (WT) test, proposed by Roth (1983) is an ordered test based upon the Welch unordered test by Welch (1953) which allows unequal variances across the treatments.  However,  it is pointed out that the WT test has an inated type one error relative to its nominal level.  We propose an alternative test for ordered one-way
ANOVA which employs the parametric bootstrap method similar to Krishnamoorthy et al.  (2007) in order to have well controlled type-I error.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: So this is love? Translating Plato's doctrine of Homoerotic Love Into the heteroerotic relationships of the Greek novel

contributor:
Hall, Carly Rae (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Provencal, Vernon) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
This thesis aims to demonstrate the presence of Plato’s homoerotic doctrine of Love, as set out in the Symposium and Phaedrus, in the heteroerotic relationships of the ancient Greek novels, Achilles Tatius’ Leucippe and Clitophon and Longus’
Daphnis and Chloe. In Plato’s dialogues, Eros, the god of love and desire, is the guiding principal which leads male homoerotic lovers to Plato’s Idea of the Good. Plutarch’s Amatoriusis an adaptation of Plato’s doctrine of Love, which transfers Plato’s doctrine of homoerotic love to heteroerotic relationships and marriage. Plutarch’s Amatorius thus links Plato’s pederastic Eros to the heteroerotic Eros of the Greek novels. The presence in the ancient Greek novel of Plutarch’s adaptation of Plato’s homoerotic doctrine of Love to heteroerotic relationships shall be demonstrated through the analysis of four key passages of Leucippe and Clitophon and Daphnis and Chloe.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Born Weiser

contributor:
Labenski, Amelia Charlotte (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Campbell, Wanda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract: Born Weiser is a work of historical fiction inspired by my maternal grandmother Charlotte and her journey with her family from Czechoslovakia to Canada during World War II. The novella begins in the late 1930s in Europe when anti-Semitism was growing in prevalence, and covers the family’s escape from Europe and from Nazi persecution. The story extends well past the years of the war and into Charlotte’s adult life, outlining her decision to hide her Judaism and how the effects of the war infiltrated her personal life and the lives of her family members for years afterwards.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Say yes to the dress(es)?: An exploration of gender performance in lesbian weddings

contributor:
Warren, Marianne (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Frank, Lesley) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract: On July 20th 2005, Canada passed the Civil Marriage Act which allowed same-sex couples to be married.  As weddings and wedding traditions are historically a ritualistic celebration of heterosexuality, this thesis is a qualitative exploration of how lesbian couples are able to negotiate the boundaries of gender performance within this context.  Through in-depth interviews with three Canadian lesbian couples, themes such as family, religion, and tradition emerged concerning the meaning of wedding rituals.  The results showed a multiplicity of ways lesbians interact with gender and tradition.  While some aspects of the respondents’ weddings demonstrated a clear reflection of heterosexual weddings, there were also elements of reinterpretation of and deviation from tradition.  I posit that when the respondents performed gender in a way to replicate heterosexual tradition, it was essential to ensure authenticity as outlined by McQueeny (2003). This authenticity is important because it legitimizes lesbian relationships, and furthermore lesbian sexuality and identity.  Additionally, the presence of family and friends throughout the wedding process was an integral way to assure this legitimacy, and this presence relied on the authenticity of the ceremony.

abstract: Sociology


title: Support processes in cardiac rehabilitation: An examination of protective buffering, overprotection and active engagement

contributor:
Matheson, Lauren P. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Holmberg, Diane) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The	current study examines the relationship	between support	styles (active	engagement,	overprotection and protective	buffering) and physical and relationship	well-being in	cardiac	rehabilitation patients, as	well	as the potential moderating
effects of adult attachment styles in this	relationship.	Twenty-four	participants involved	in two separate cardiac rehabilitation programs participated. Six hierarchical	multiple	regression analyses were completed, three with relational
well-being as	the	dependent variable and three with	physical	well-being as	the dependent variable. As predicted, perceived active engagement was related to	increased relationship	 satisfaction (β=.651, p=.001);	however, it was not significant once avoidant and  anxious attachment styles were	accounted for(β=.120,	p=.471).	This	pattern	suggests	that
perceptions	of support and attachment styles may overlap, and attachment styles are the better	predictor of relationship well-being. There	was	also	a marginally significant interaction between	protective buffering and attachment anxiety, when
predicting relationship well-being (β=-.459, p=.096). As predicted, high levels of protective	buffering were particularly	 predictive of	lower relationship well-being for those who	scored higher, as	compared to lower, on attachment	anxiety.
Those high in attachment	anxiety are hyper-sensitive to abandonment	cues; they may, therefore, be more	likely to	interpret their partners’ attempts to ignore their	health problems as their partner being unresponsive to them in their	time of need.

abstract: Psychology


title: Grand dukes of the west: the growth of Valois Burgundy

contributor:
Kokko, Joni Thomas William (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(MacDonald, Jennifer) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the Valois dukes of Burgundy managed to create for themselves one the most impressive dominions in Europe. Its first ruler, Philip the Bold, was given the duchy of Burgundy by his father, king John II of France, on September 6, 1363. Philip laid the foundation for the future expansion of Burgundy through his marriage to the Countess of Flanders. He also acted as regent of France during Charles VI’s youth and subsequent mental illness. Philip’s position at the court allowed him to divert considerable funds to his personal holdings. Philip’s son, John the
Fearless, attempted to follow in his father’s footsteps, but he was unable to exert similar power at the French court due to the ongoing civil war. During his reign John made numerous enemies within France and was eventually himself assassinated by orders of the dauphin. This murder shifted the allegiance of John’s heir, Philip the Good, who turned to the English for an alliance and cut ties with France. Philip spent considerable time in expanding the Burgundian realm and as a result he was soon capable of negotiating over being crowned king, a possibility that could be granted by the Holy Roman Emperor. Although he was not successful in elevating Burgundy to a kingdom, Philip had considerably enhanced Burgundian power. His son Charles the Bold continued along a similar path, but with a more militaristic approach. His hostile attitude gained him numerous enemies and towards the end of his reign he was involved in several conflicts that eventually cost him his life on January 5, 1477, leaving Burgundy without a direct male heir, dividing it between France and the emerging Habsburg dynasty. This thesis shows how the ambitions of the four dukes allowed them to establish a powerful realm, which was eventually destroyed by this same ambition.

abstract: History & Classics


title: The politics of exception in Canada and the U.S.

contributor: (Jackson, Emily Lindsay) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
This  thesis  investigates  the  politics  of  exception  in  an  effort  to  understand  recent legislation which has been enacted by both the Canadian and American governments. This legislation is aimed at reducing terrorism. This thesis will define the politics of exception by  drawing  on  the  theories  of  Carl  Schmitt,  Giorgio Agamben,  Claudia  Aradau  and  Jef Huysmans  in  addition  to  a  number  of  notable  scholars  and  theorists.  My  work  will  then examine three major aspects of the politics of exception that the Canadian, and to a lesser extent the U.S., governments have implemented: The use of sovereignty and the survival of the state as a justification for exceptional politics; the use of emergency measures in non-emergency times; and the resulting loss of legitimacy in governments. These problematic aspects of the politics of exception will then be applied to case studies, including Bill C-51 and the USA PATRIOT Act in order to demonstrate the ways in which these practices are harmful to the population.

It  is  the  goal  of  this  work  to  answer  the  following  question:  Are  the  politics  of exception beneficial to citizens? I answer this question by providing support for the notion that the politics of exception are harmful to ordinary people in both Canada and the United States.

abstract: Politics


title: Devotion and identity: the patronage of stained glass in late Medieval England

contributor:
Comeau, Kelsey (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(MacDonald, Jennifer) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The patronage of stained glass was an act of power that expressed the identity and piety of the donor. Both aristocratic and merchant-class patrons donated stained glass windows to the churches and cathedrals of late medieval England, but key differences in the location and imagery of their windows indicate a disparity between the two social classes. Firstly, this thesis studies the written works on stained glass by medieval chroniclers and modern historians, showing a movement toward focusing on the role of the patron in the analysis of medieval stained glass. Next, this thesis examines the windows donated by members of the aristocracy, which demonstrate the agency and piety of the patron through their placement throughout the entirety of the ecclesiastical structure, most notably in the east ends of cathedrals, and their representation of significant biblical and hagiographical imagery. Aristocratic patrons chose to express their noble heritage through these
of heraldry, primarily within the nave, identifying themselves as members of the aristocracy. This thesis then analyzes the stained glass windows donated by members of the merchant-class and the notable absence of their windows from the east ends of cathedrals, which exhibits the limitations faced by merchant-class patrons of stained glass. Merchant-class donors chose to express their identity through representations of occupational and mercantile activities, predominantly within the nave, which demonstrated both their connection to the community and pride in their societal roles. Ultimately, this thesis illustrates that the societal structures of late medieval England are echoed in the placement and imagery of stained glass windows donated to churches and cathedrals by both aristocratic and merchant-class patrons.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Development of a DNA barcoding protocol for fungal specimens in Acadia University’s E.C. Smith Herbarium

contributor:
Young, Alexander (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Walker, Allison) (Thesis advisor)
(Evans, Rodger) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
DNA-based fungal identifications are only as good as our reference databases. Fungi remain greatly underrepresented in NCBI’s GenBank in terms of reliable species-level DNA barcode sequences. Many fungal specimens exist in herbaria around the world and contain an untapped wealth of taxonomic and ecological fungal biodiversity information; however DNA can be difficult to obtain from legacy specimens. The E.C. Smith Herbarium at Acadia University houses a 20,000 specimen fungal collection which has never been sequenced, including the Boland collection. This collection represents a fungal biodiversity survey conducted by Gregory Boland in 1975 in the saltmarshes of the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia. I developed a DNA extraction protocol that provides a base on which Acadia’s entire fungal collection (~20 000 specimens) can be sequenced. A total of eight DNA barcodes were isolated from the Boland Collection through development of the protocol.  Two specimens had their identities confirmed while six more had their identities updates to the species level, all data was uploaded to NCBI’s GenBank. Expanding the number of ITS barcode sequences present in GenBank using identified vouchered specimens will enhance fungal identification worldwide. Increased capacity for species identification of fungi will support bioprospecting of previously unknown and undescribed fungal biodiversity, some of which may produce secondary
metabolites with medical or industrial applications. Additionally, improving our phylogenetic knowledge of the Boland collection will provide a more accurate representation of the fungal diversity in the Minas Basin in 1975. This information will complement future biodiversity studies in the Bay of Fundy region and allow us to investigate changes in these enigmatic, ecologically relevant saprotrophic communities over time.

abstract: Biology


title: Foliar endophytic diversity of Eastern Mountain Avens, Geum peckii Pursh (Rosaceae), from degraded and pristine habitats in Digby County, Nova Scotia, Canada

contributor:
Adams, Sarah J. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Walker, Allison) (Thesis advisor)
(Browne, Robin) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The Eastern Mountain Avens, Geum peckii Pursh(Rosaceae), is a globally rare and endangered  plant  found  only  in  coastal  bogs  in  Digby  County,  Nova  Scotia  and high elevation alpine sites in New Hampshire. The Nova Scotian population is in
decline  due  in  part  to  habitat  degradation.  The  role  of  endophytic  fungi  is  being investigated for application in the recovery of this species.  Endophytes are fungi that colonize living plant tissue without showing any symptoms of disease. They can  be  beneficial  to  plant  growth  and  development. This  study  investigated  the diversity of fungal species culturable from surface sterilized living green leaves of G.  peckii collected  from  5  sites  along  a  habitat  disturbance  gradient  in  Digby County, Nova Scotia. Individual leaves were collected from wild G. peckii plants located  in  pristine  and  degraded  habitats.  In  the  laboratory,  leaf  samples  were surface-sterilized  and  plated  onto  two  types  of  nutrient  agar.  Endophytes  were grown  from  the  leaf  samples  at  room  temperature,  isolated  into  pure  culture, photographed  and  cryopreserved.  As  many  endophytes  are  sterile  in  culture, species-level  identifications  were  made  primarily  by  DNA  barcoding.  DNA  was extracted from each isolate, and the fungal barcoding gene region (ITS rDNA) was amplified,  sequenced  and  compared  with  the  reference  NCBI  GenBank  DNA sequence database to identify species. Results indicate differences in diversity of foliar  fungal  communities  among  sites  along  the  habitat  disturbance  gradient
sampled,    with    a    predominance of    the    fungal    family    Gnomoniaceae (Sordariomycetes,  Ascomycota).  Recovering  sites  showed  lower   endophytic diversity  (14  to  18 species)  than  the highly  degraded  site  (27  species)  and  the
reference pristine habitat (37 species). Several of the fungal species isolated may represent  novel  species  and  will  be  characterized  further.  Individual  roles  of endophytic species within the plant are being evaluated for potential applications for  propagation  and  restoration  purposes  to  aid  in  the  recovery  of  this  red-listed plant species in Nova Scotia.

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: An assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus availability in constructed wetlands in the Cumberland Marsh Region, Canada

contributor:
Turner, Maxwell J. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Spooner, Ian) (Thesis advisor)
(Mallory, Mark) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The Cumberland Marsh Region (CMR), located on the coast of the Bay of Fundy, is a major feeding ground for waterfowl and contains significant coastal wetland systems. At this site there is concern over the occurrence of wetland senescence (the apparent decline of an ecosystem’s productivity), which appears to be a limiting factor in the viability of the CMR’s constructed wetlands, and results in management challenges. This study focuses on evaluating nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in both surface and groundwater, and assessing the impact of landscape variability, and temporal and
quantitative variations of natural and anthropogenic nutrient sources within altered and constructed wetlands. Water analyses were carried out weekly over a 3-month period on ten constructed freshwater wetlands, one altered freshwater wetland and three ground water sites. Results indicate that the impact of regional N and P sources on the sampled wetland sites is relatively low, and P loading is primarily autochthonous. These observations are supported by low N readings (<3 mg/L) at all sites with little seasonal variation, and higher (eutrophic) P levels that fluctuate without external input (40—300
μg/L) most notably in newly constructed wetlands. Although land use may not be an important contributor to N levels in surface water, a relatively high (5 mg/L) ground water reading suggests that anthropogenic sources exist. These results imply that nutrient sources, inputs, and pathways should be examined when choosing a potential wetland site to avoid the monetary and ecological losses associated with senescent constructed wetland.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Biodiversity of marine fungi in Kingsport, Nova Scotia, seawater and their oil degradation potential.

contributor:
Landry, Brandon (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Walker, Allison) (Thesis advisor)
(Stewart, Donald) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Fungi are an integral part of marine ecosystems, serving primarily as saprotrophs. Due to their powerful degradative enzymes, some marine fungi also show promise for hydrocarbon degradation. Despite their importance, these organisms remain understudied. The objectives of this project were to assess the biodiversity of marine fungi in seawater collected from Kingsport, NS and to test the ability of selected species to grow on media containing crude oil as the sole carbon source. Three plating methods were used to isolate marine fungi: vacuum filtration of seawater, direct plating of seawater and direct plating of marine sediment. DNA was extracted from 29 samples and analyzed via PCR and Sanger DNA sequencing. Taxonomic information was obtained for each sample using GenBank’s Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Results indicated that the 29 samples included 7 Zygomycetes, 7 Ascomycetes, 4 Basidiomycetes, and 1 Oomycete (non
-fungal protist). Twelve samples were selected to test their hydrocarbon-degrading potential using Bunker C oil as a sole carbon source. Six species demonstrated the ability to grow on oil and two (M. flavus and M. hiemalis) were able to sporulate. Although preliminary, our results indicate a broad diversity of culturable fungi (3 phyla) as well as one non-fungal
protist in Kingsport, NS seawater, including several fungal species that are potentially new to science. Furthermore, the ability of certain fungi to grow on Bunker C oil suggests these species possess powerful degradative enzymes which could be further explored for bioremediation or other industrial purposes.

abstract: Biology


title: Summer temporal changes in photoreducible mercury in the lakes of Kejimikujik National Park

contributor:
Christensen, Thora R. M. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(O'Driscoll, Nelson) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Mercury  (Hg)  is  a global  contaminant  which  can  undergo  long-range  transport  in  the atmosphere, and  be  deposited  in  many  remote  environments.  The  methyl  mercury  form can  accumulate  in  food  webs  and  result  in  severe  adverse  effects  on  organisms.  The hypothesis of this research project was that the amount of mercury available for reaction with solar radiation (reduction of divalent mercury (Hg(II)) to elemental mercury(Hg(0))) in surface waters of four
lakes in Kejimikujik National Park will significantly change over a  summer. This  research  is  significant  because  the  photoreduction  of  Hg(II)  is  a mechanism   of   mercury   loss   from   ecosystems,   making less   mercury   available   for
methylation  and  ultimately  biomagnification  in  food  webs.  Sampling  of  the  four  lakes: Big Dam West, Big Dam East, North Cranberry, and Puzzle Lake occurred in May, June, and July, 2015. Water sample analysis for total dissolved mercury (THg), total reducible mercury  (Hg(II) red),  and  dissolved  organic  carbon  (DOC)  was  conducted  in  the  CARE labs  at  Acadia  University’s  K.C.  Irving  Environmental  Science  Centre.  The  percent  of Hg(II) red relative to  THg  was  found  to  decrease  significantly  in  North  Cranberry  (42%-14%  from  May  to  July)  and  Big  Dam  East  (44%-17%  from  May  to  July) between the sampling  months.  The  Hg(II)redto  THg  in  Big  Dam  West  showed  a  less  dramatic decreased  between  May  and  July  (59%-44%), while  Puzzle  lake  peaked  in  June  and significantly  decreased  between  June  and  July  (14%-29%-20%  from  May,  June,  to  July, respectively).  Factors  controlling  these  variations  include  DOC  oncentration  and  lake topography. This research provides the first quantitative measurements of photoreducible
mercury  over  a  season  in  surface  freshwater  lakes,  and suggests that  photoreduction  of Hg(II) to Hg(0) decreases as summer progresses.

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: Quality of child-parent relationships: childhood attachment and emotional availability in igh-psychosocial risk dyads

contributor:
LeBlanc, Chantal M.T. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Symons, Doug) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The present study examined various relationship measures in a high-risk sample. There were 24 parent-child pairs, with children between the ages of two and eight. Assessments included home-based measures of attachment security and parental sensitivity and lab-based measures of child-parent attachment using the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) and emotional availability (EA) coded from the free play. Hypothesis one was that all indices would be positively related, and
was only partially supported. There was a positive but non-significant trend between all relationship measures. The disorganized scale from the SSP had a strong negative correlation with the child dimensions of EA, but the other relationship measures were not significantly related. Hypothesis two was also only partially supported. There was a non-significant trend for secure children. They showed higher EA scores on child dimensions of EA, and had fewer disorganized behaviours than insecure children. Additionally, attachment security, parental sensitivity, and parental dimensions of EA showed a positive but non-significant trend for secure children. These findings support past research
and add concurrent validity to EA dimensions in high-risk populations.

abstract: Psychology


title: A photophysical and photochemical investigation of cyclometalated Ru(II) compounds for use as novel photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy

contributor:
Pinto, Mitchell A.C. (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(McFarland, Sherri) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to  investigate  the  photophysical  characteristics  of  4 families of  novel  cyclometalated tris-bidentate Ru(II)  compounds  in  the  context  of  their future use in photodynamic therapy. These families included 21 total compounds that were chosen  to  probe  the  effects  of π-expansion  on  the  cyclometalated  ligand  in  terms  of absorption,  emission, triplet  metal-to-ligand  charge  transfer lifetime,  and  singlet  oxygen sensitizing ability. It  was
hypothesized  that increased  electron  density  provided  by  the cyclometalating functional ligand would lower the overall energy of the Ru →LL 3MLCT state relative  to  previously  studied  Ru(II)  polypyridyl  complexes,  thus  causing  the absorption of the compounds to red-shift. It was also hypothesized that π-expansion in the cyclometalated ligand would
increase photodynamic therapy effects. It was observed that the  cyclometalated  compounds  demonstrated  red-shifted  longest  wavelength  absorption maxima, showing a general trend of moving from the 450 nm region of the spectrum to
the region around 530 nm. It was concluded that this transition retained its  MLCT nature. The cyclometalated compounds generally showed weak, short-lived emission centered at 800 nm, the intensity and  lifetime of  which  drastically  increased  upon  deoxygenation  and increased further at 77 K. Emission collected at 77 K also revealed a difference in curve structure   between   the   highly π expansive   [Ru(LL)2(pbpn)]PF6series   and   other cyclometalated  compounds. This difference was
hypothesized to be caused by increased contributions from the differing 3MLCT states. Finally, these compounds were shown to be relatively weak singlet oxygen sensitizers, with most demonstrating a quantum yield of less  than  10%,  compared  to  the  near-unity  values  demonstrated  by  corresponding polypyridyl complexes.

abstract: Chemistry


title: 'The refugee type': Media representations of the refugee crisis in Germany

contributor:
Heinrichs, Katharina (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Liinamaa, Saara) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract: The current refugee crisis in Europe is a complex issue. The majority of refugees in Europe escaped from the civil war in Syria, which according to the UN News Centre, has killed 220,000 people. More than 2.2 million people require life-saving aid and more than 4 million people have sought refuge in other countries since the conflict started in March 2011.  In Germany specifically, 476,649 refugees applied for asylum in 2015. Due to the wide media coverage of this topic and its ongoing nature, this study examines the representation of refugees in German newspaper journalism. It employs a content analysis to examine the tropes that derive from the recurrence of particular codes in newspaper photographs. The findings highlight four main themes that surrounded the refugees’ depicted identity: foreignness, individuality, assistance, and security. The individuals were found to predominantly be portrayed as homogeneous group creating the impression of an existing ‘refugee type’. This type was found be homogenous, dependent, and passive in nature. The theme of security highlighted the existence of two different narratives concerning whether the depicted contingent of security constitutes a necessary component of humanitarian aid management or the aim to control a potential threat. While it remains ambiguous which trope is more accurate, the depiction of the refugees as threat potentially reflects current xenophobic movements in Germany

abstract: Sociology


title: Exploring how residential camp employment may facilitate transferable skills for future work and education

contributor:
Green, Haley (author)
Acadia University (degree_grantor)
(Warner, Alan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2016

abstract:
Each year, millions of young people in North America work in residential summer camps   (American   Camp   Association,   2013).   Research   suggests   that   this   camp employment experience is beneficial for the staff in many ways (Duerden et al., 2014). It suggests  that  camp  is  a  key  opportunity  for  people  to  gain  skills  that  will  be  useful  in future employment,  yet  research  is  limited  on  this  topic. There  is  no  previous  research that combined the three topics in this study–the skills learned from camp employment, what aspects of the camp experience facilitated those skills, and how those skills transfer to future work or education–in order to holistically determine the impacts of residential camp employment.

In  this  study,  ten  former  staff  members  from  two  different  residential  summer camps   participated   in   qualitative,   semi-structured   interviews   with   the   goal   of understanding the skills they learned as camp staff, the elements of the  amp experience that  facilitated  those  skills,  and  the  potential  effect  of  those  skills  in  helping  them  in subsequent  work,  education,  and  personal  life  roles.  The  skills  the  staff  learned  were categorized into eight growth areas: communication skills, interpersonal skills, leadership skills,  business  &  management  skills,  personal  development,  facilitation  skills,  stress management,   and   technical   skills.   These   eight   growth   areas   transferred   into   the
participants'  current  fields  of  work  and  study.  Fore  core  characteristics  of  residential camp were identified in facilitating the learning of skills:  the residential environment, the support network allowing for staff to be pushed out of their comfort zones, working with children in a residential setting, and the opportunity to learn through experience. There is also  discussion  around  the  diversity  of  camp  work  experiences,  the  accessibility  of  the camp  work  experience,  and  how  those  unable  to  attend  residential  camp  may  be able  to substitute the development opportunity.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: The effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal and mental health symptoms

contributor:
Lapp, Mary Belle (author)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: The relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and mental health symptoms, and the  effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal and mental health symptoms, was examined in a  double-blind, crossover design clinical trial in which participants consumed a probiotic  powder (Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum) and placebo powder, each  for five weeks, separated by a two-week wash-out period. One third of participants were  assigned to a wait-list control group during the first five weeks of the study before  beginning the intervention phases. The mental health measures (ASI, SCL-90R, MADRS  and STAI) and gastrointestinal measure (GSRS) were completed at the beginning and end  of each phase, and a daily mood and bowel health questionnaire (DMBQ) was completed  every day for the duration of the study. Fifty-five participants completed the first phase  and forty-nine of these completed the second phase; thirty-five participants were included  in the longitudinal gastrointestinal data analyses due to missing DMBQ data. Despite the  small sample size, there were significant correlations between gastrointestinal and mental  health measures. Additionally, a relationship between minor diarrhea and the  consumption of probiotics was observed. However, no significant differences between the  probiotic and placebo groups were found for the gastrointestinal variables.

abstract: Psychology


title: N,C-bound phosphenium cations as main group hydrogenation catalysts

contributor:
Veinot, Alex J. (author)
(Ellis, Bobby) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: The hydrogenation of silyl enol ethers and imines using N,C-bound phosphenium cations as catalysts were investigated both computationally using the Gaussian 03W suite of programs and through syntheses using both the [Mes(NiPr2)P+][AlCl4-] and [Mes(NiPr2)P+][OTf-] phosphenium salts. Based on the results from the computational investigation, it was found that the hydrogenation silyl enol ethers were much more favourable than imine substrates. A mechanism for the hydrogenation of imines and silyl enol ethers was proposed and is consistent with what is proposed for hydrogenation reactions involving frustrated Lewis pairs. For the synthetic investigation a mixture of the phosphenium salt to be tested and the substrate N-benzylidene-tert-butyl imine were combined in a solution of methylene chloride and sparged with hydrogen gas. The hydrogenated products were characterised using boiling point, by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and by IR spectroscopy. Based on these acquired pieces of data, it was determined that the hydrogenation reactions performed in the synthetic investigation were for the most part unsuccessful, although a partial hydrogenation may have occurred based on a signal appearing in the IR spectrum at 3440 cm-1.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Synthesis of asymmetric multiple bonds between heavy main group elements: Small molecule activation

contributor:
Gillis, James R (author)
(Ellis, Bobby) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: A series of tin and silicon-containing carbenoids and diaryl and dialkyl halophosphines  were synthesised as precursor moieties for the purpose of investigating multiple  bonding between heavy main group elements. Recent studies have demonstrated small  molecule activation using heavy main group compounds. The series of the two  components were combined, resulting in the successful synthesis of one tin-phosphorus  adduct. The 31P{1H} NMR spectra of the precursor moieties and attempted adducts were  analysed for purity and for the existence of any P-Sn bonding interactions.  Computational studies into the enthalpy of proposed reactions using the Gaussian 03W  program were used to direct the synthesis.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Mental health help-seeking by university students

contributor:
Cooper, Laura (author)
(MacLeod, Peter) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: The present study explored the mental health help-seeking attitudes and behaviours of students attending a small, primarily undergraduate university (n = 949). The purpose of the study was to explore students’ usage and satisfaction of current resources, and to investigate the help-seeking behaviour of students indicating poor mental health. The data consisted of: a) archival data provided by the university’s counseling centre, and b) an online survey created for the purposes of this study. Results found that students are overwhelmingly more likely to seek help from informal sources (e.g., romantic partners, friends, etc.) than from professionals. Notably, symptomatic students are significantly less likely than their peers to feel well-informed about the counseling services, and about the role and effectiveness of a counselor. Lastly, although counseling service usage has risen noticeably over the past five years, client satisfaction is less than ideal. It is apparent that the university must accommodate for student mental health help-seeking attitudes, if they are to effectively reach and support students in need. Keywords: mental health help-seeking, university students, mental health services

abstract: Psychology


title: Tracking the time course of rhyme awareness development

contributor:
Ashe, Cameron G. (author)
(Newman, Randy Lynn) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: Event-related potential (ERP) measures were used to examine the maturation of rhyme  knowledge in pre-readers (4 yrs) who have received no formal reading instruction,  emergent readers (5-6 yrs) who have just begun to receive such instruction, and early  fluent readers (7-8 yrs) for whom reading has become automatic. Past research has shown  that an ERP response, the N400, is reduced to rhyming word pairs compared to non-rhyming  pairs (i.e., N400 rhyme effect) in participants aged seven and older. In the  present study children were presented with a picture followed by a spoken word that  matched (e.g., CONE; cone) or mismatched the picture in one of two ways: rhyme  mismatch (e.g., CONE; bone) or unrelated mismatch (e.g., CONE; fox). Results showed  that the N400 occurred in all three groups with the rhyme effect trending in the early  fluent readers only. Overall, the N400 appears to be influenced by reading level;  however, additional participants are needed to confirm these trends.  Keywords: Event-Related Brain Potentials (ERP), N400, segmental, suprasegmental,  children, rhyme effect

abstract: Psychology


title: A multi-proxy comparative paleolimnological study of anthropogenic impact between First and Second Lake, Lower Sackville, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Misiuk, Benjamin (author)
(Spooner, Ian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Abstract Lakes occurring in watersheds that have undergone urban development are known to be subjected to an array of anthropogenically-induced impacts. Since 1920, First Lake in Lower Sackville, Nova Scotia has been the focus of significant watershed development, and lake water quality degradation is an ongoing concern. Second lake is located nearby, is of similar size, and is located in an undeveloped watershed. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy data from lake sediment gravity cores were used to construct a c.600-year record of environmental change for each lake in order to de-couple natural water quality variability from anthropogenically-induced variation. Increases in specific elements (Nb, Y, Sr, Cu) associated with local gold mining were used to cross correlate and date the lake sediment records. Increases in Pb concentrations above background levels were also used for temporal control. Modern water quality data indicated that though both lakes stratify strongly over the summer, First Lake alone experiences hypolimnetic anoxia. Though both lake proxy records indicated significant natural water quality variability, stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) and XRF (Fe, Mn, Ti) data indicated that First Lake alone was subject to substantial and persistent increases in natural autochthonous productivity during the past 70 years that can be attributed directly to local watershed development. Data indicated that though logging and/or mining as well as commercial development has likely impacted both lakes, residential development has had the strongest negative impact on water quality. This study has shown that the paleolimnological method can be used to quantify the relative impact of different types of development on lake water quality, a fundamental step in developing effective watershed management strategies.

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: Bungled

contributor:
Smith, Meaghan (author)
(Campbell, Wanda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Bungled is a short story collection that focuses on the lives of eight different 25  year olds as they deal with their quarter life time period. All of these characters  are dealing with a point of transition in their lives and trying to better  themselves. This collection explores the feeling anxiety that comes with trying to  navigate ones mid-twenties.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: The destruction of worlds: Language-games and the active concept of genocide

contributor:
Verhagen, Jacob (author)
(Whitehall, Geoffrey) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: The word ‘genocide’ has described a multiplicity of events since coined. The word attaches to such moments in history as the Holocaust, the Armenian Genocide, and the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. However, what happens when the term is used to describe an event not originally considered genocide, such as in the case the residential school system in Canada? In this thesis, I show that the word genocide has had a shifting meaning since its inception into our lexicon. To understand what is meant by genocide we need not look for a stable definition, but instead, we ought to look at how it is used and in what context it is used. This thesis borrows heavily from Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language from Philosophical Investigations to explore the intangibility of a stable definition of genocide. Finally, I will consider how we might discuss genocide in light of the word’s shifting meaning.

abstract: Politics


title: Catherine de' Medici: A woman before her time

contributor:
Ericsson, Sara Grace (author)
(Whaley, Leigh Anne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: The historiography of Catherine de’ Medici has evolved over time. Historians such as Paul Van Dyke and Jean Héritier sought to change Catherine’s reputation as a tyrant through evidence of her capabilities as a ruler and political powerhouse. Others, such as Sir John Ernest Neale and Sir Francis Watson of the period of “great man historiography,” insisted upon prescribing to the narrative of her evilness. This thesis shall pursue the same objective as that of Van Dyke and Héritier and attempt to show that Catherine was indeed a talented politician, who crafted conciliatory policies and maintained her power through her status as Queen Mother.  It shall also be shown that Catherine was not responsible for the Saint-Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, and that it was caused largely by her son Charles IX’s impulsiveness and the mobs of Paris .

abstract: History & Classics


title: A detour from the road to incarceration: Restorative approaches for youth in care

contributor:
Pulsifer, Brittany A. (author)
(Thomson, Tony) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Youth living within residential care facilities face many challenges as a result of their complex histories, mental health difficulties and their environment. These challenges often lead to behavioral problems and criminal offences. To make amends for these offences, while deterring youth from the criminal justice system, youth in care are sometimes referred to restorative justice. In Nova Scotia, one type of residential care is privately-funded while the other is provincially-funded. The privately-funded organization refers youth to their Restorative Team Approach program rather than the mainstream Nova Scotia Restorative Justice (RJ) program after an offence has occurred. This thesis examines the effect restorative approaches have on both dispute resolution and relationships within both types of residential care facilities. I interviewed five youth care professionals in total, representing three different job classifications, who play roles in the lives of youth in care. One restorative justice case worker from each program, two youth care workers from the provincially-funded organization and one youth care supervisor from the privately-funded organization were interviewed. The qualitative analysis of the interviews identified that the use of restorative justice is a contested approach for youth in care. There is a divide in opinion concerning the effects of restorative approaches based on job positions of the staff. The youth care workers were opposed to the RJ program and thought that RJ failed to meet the particular needs of youth in care. The youth care supervisor and the restorative justice case workers expressed some concerns, but felt that restorative justice programs were beneficial for youth in care. Immediate restorative approaches within the home may be the most beneficial for improving dispute resolution and relationships within the residential care facilities.

abstract: Sociology


title: "I want to light a fire": Resisting Russian and Japanese imperialism in Manchuria, 1895-1945

contributor:
Yuan, Jianda (author)
(Sedgwick, James) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2014

abstract: Manchuria was a contested region throughout history. Between the years 1895-1945, the region was successively occupied by Russia and Japan - two prominent colonial powers in East Asia and the Pacific. Both countries sought formal control in the region through centralized and racist policies, pushing local lives to the brink and worsening the existing regional instability. Total control met with total resistance from below: local residents in Manchuria frequently resisted Russian and Japanese rule throughout the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. Their discontent and resistance disrupted these imperialist projects, which greatly contributed to the final retreat of Russia and Japan. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) capitalized on Manchurian desire for liberation after the Second World War, and the Party eventually managed to control Manchuria by 1949.   Using rare sources in Chinese and English to explore life inside Russian and Japanese Manchuria, this thesis demonstrates the importance of local resistance in subverting colonial domination. In other words, this thesis explores Russia and Japan's methods of domination and local responses to that control.  Ultimately, racist imperial policies infuriated the Manchurian grassroots, provoking resistance that ranged from subversive protests to overt uprisings. While some local residents did benefit from colonial rule, the vast majority did not. This thesis concludes that winning the support of local residents rather than brutal repression became key to dominating the northeast.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Determining the heterogeneity of reference materials

contributor:
Bagley, Thomas E. (author)
(Stanley, Cliff) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: A Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) is a pulverized geological material used by  geoscientists to assess analytical quality because it has accepted values for its element  concentrations and its associated variabilities. The geoscientist can analyze these CRMs  and compare the measured concentration to the accepted concentration and variance to  determine the accuracy and precision of their analyses.  Unfortunately, CRMs exhibit errors that depend on sample mass. As a result,  CRMs provide only limited information about data quality from their measured and  accepted concentrations. CRMs are commonly provided with a statistic that describes the  variation in element concentration: the accepted standard deviations. These are calculated  from the results of an inter-laboratory analysis of replicate samples. Unfortunately the  accepted standard deviation does not describe only the heterogeneity of the sample.  Rather, they describes the combined sampling error and analytical error. Furthermore, the  sampling error is dependent on the sample mass, causing the measured error for some  methods to differ substantially from the accepted error. These limitations are inescapable if  the accepted standard deviation is used, as is the common practice.  A method has been applied in this study to determine the heterogeneity of a representative  suite of CRMs. This method can be applied by geoscientists to rectify some of the  limitations of current practice resulting from the assumption that CRMs have no sampling  error. This study measures the relative magnitudes of sampling and analytical error in  CRMs, and recommends future research that will develop appropriate data quality  assessment methods that accommodate the existence of CRM heterogeneity.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Behavioural effects of volatiles introduced into honey bee colonies for Varroa mite management

contributor:
Oosterhuis, Rylee C. (author)
(Hillier, Kirk) (Thesis advisor)
(Shutler, Dave) (Thesis advisor)
(Little, Cate) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: Varroa destuctor mites are economically important pests of European honey bees (Apis mellifera). Evolved resistance to miticides has increased urgency for the development of alternate control methods. I tested whether mite behaviour could be modified using traps containing odours that have been previously identified as being involved in host-finding behaviour, including 2-hydroxy-hexanoic acid, palmitic acid, butyric acid, and octanoic acid (three putative attractants and one deterrent). Small traps were baited with these chemicals and deployed within bee colonies. Out of 396 trap deployments, 254 were recovered and 13 mites were trapped. Effects on honey bee behaviour were unexpected; many traps were pulled out of the honeycomb by workers. Removal rates differed by treatment (𝜒42 = 11.3, P = 0.02). Octanoic acid traps were least likely to be removed from colonies by bees and butyric acid was most likely to be removed (Table 4). Traps with octanoic acid were least likely to be removed and traps with butyric acid were most likely to be removed. Traps containing decoys with lower concentrations of decoy compounds were expelled less frequently and sealed with wax (capped) more frequently. Bees more frequently removed from colonies shorter traps with a lower vertical profile than they did longer traps. The unintended impact on bee behaviour, in addition to the lack of response from mites, means that my current approach is not yet an alternative to current mite controls. However, the data provided unique insights into honey bee communication in colony settings, and suggests careful consideration regarding indirect effects of such hive interventions on honey bees.

abstract: Biology


title: How did the keiretsu system solve the hold-up problem in the Japanese automobile industry?

contributor:
Ichiba, Sota (author)
(Wang, Xiaoting) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract: The Japanese car industry enjoyed a steady expansion path from 1960, following the keiretsu system, the Japanese style of non-vertically integrated system. This is a result of the dissolution of the zaibatsu and is characterized by less internalization and flexible contracts. Other characteristics of the keiretsu include that the buyer of the product can buy the same product from another different keiretsu company, as seen in the Toyota-Denso relationship. The model proposed by this thesis incorporates these additions to the classical hold-up model, proposed by Grossman and Hart (1986) to examine the efficiency of such system. In particular, the buyer now has an option to partially buy the same product from another company. This introduces implicit competition within the system as seen in the keiretsu relationship. Using backward induction to establish a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium, I derive a result indicating that efficiency improves from the classic case of a complete non-vertically integrated system when the buyer has high bargaining power over the share of surplus, and that the magnitude of competition within the keiretsu relationship does not affect efficiency, measured by the amount of underinvestment. I also propose a possible extension to the model to further relax the assumption in the model.

abstract: Economics