title: A Critical Analysis of the Role of Religion in a Canadian Populist Movement: The Energence and Dominance of the Social Credit Party in Alberta

contributor:
Mol, J. J.
Religion

subject:
Alberta Social Credit
protestantism
social
political
economic
religious
Religion
Religion

abstract: Common knowledge regarding the rise of the Social Credit movement in Alberta and the nature of its leadership in the ensuing years has led to the frequent identification of Alberta Social Credit with fundamentalist Protestantism. It was then supposed that there must have been an intricate relation between religion and politics in Alberta during the Social Credit administration. The veracity of this assumption was tested by the construction of hypotheses that would test the conservative 3nd radical contributions of religion to socio-political change, determine why the movement with its religious overtones failed to spread to other provinces, and explain the new role of religion with the advent of increasing secularization in the movements later existence. Attention was also devoted to a descriptive analysis of Social Credit in England, the land of its origin, to determine whether this perceived relationship in Alberta was indigenous to the province or an integral part of the British movement. In spite of some religious interests within English Social Credit, it was concluded that Aberhart's adaptation was his own and the movement he moulded assumed its own characteristics as a result of Alberta's own needs. It was determined that religion was an important variable within the early movement because it helped solve the multidimensional crises that the largely unorganized residents were facing. Aberhart's emphasis on the Bible particularly provided not only a source of legitimation but became a rallying point and a source of cohesion for a recently-migrated population by transcending traditional institutions and customs. The Social Credit movement fused social, political, economic, and religious goals into a special social phenomenon -- a crusade, whose compelling demands made life-long converts. The fact that the crusade failed to take root elsewhere in Canada was explained as a result of the movement being a specific and unique response to Alberta's own efforts to create meaning and order out of her environmental problems. Furthermore, as the pressures towards secularization increased, religion per se was compartmentalized from the political sphere but was indirectly linked through moral commitments. It was concluded that in Alberta Social Credit, religion functioned as an anchor amidst change, served as a vehicle for change, provided a framework of meaning to interpret change, and finally,furnished a basis for morality to ensure orderly change.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Social Description of the Damascus Document

contributor:
Westerholm, Stephen
Religious Studies

subject:
Biblical scholarship
Damascus Document
social structure
Religion
Religion

abstract: Missing Page 56.

abstract:
Recent Biblical scholarship has acknowledged and stressed the sociological factors at play in the formation and continuing development of religious beliefs and in the structure of religious communities. By examining the text of the Damascus Document (CD), this thesis attempts to reconstruct the social structure of the CD community, and suggests reasons for its origins and development based on the social forces which contributed to its self-definition.

The first chapter examines the problem of deriving historical information from texts which are not strictly historical, and suggests a methodology which allows for the extraction of Social reality from religious texts. Following this, a date of origination is suggested, the historical period examined, and the origins of the community described.

The second chapter discusses the community's self-definition, and the implications this definition and a new social situation had on their belief and community structure. An analysis of the community's response is then offered. The third chapter examines modern sectarian theory in relation to the CD community. Using the information of the previous two chapters, the CD community is discussed as a sect and compared to another sectarian movement. The conclusions deal with the community's unique role in the religious fabric of ancient Palestine, and with their common role as a sect.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Return to Sport following ACL Reconstruction

contributor:
MacDermid, Joy
Macintrye, Norma
Richardson, Julie

subject:
ACL reconstruction
outcome measure
return to sport
knee injury
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy

abstract:
Objective: To perform an environmental survey of clinical practice amongst surgeons and physiotherapists in making return to sport (RTS) decisions following ACL reconstruction (ACLR); to gain a better understanding of how clinicians and patients define successful return to sport; and to compare patients’ level of satisfaction with their current level of activity following ACLR.

Design: Multidisciplinary cross sectional study.

Setting: Online

Participants: Orthopaedic surgeons and registered physiotherapists; and patients who had undergone ACLR within the previous 6-18 months.

Interventions: Surgeons and physiotherapists completed separate web surveys, each consisting of 10 closed format questions that included sections on demographics, outcome measures, treatment procedures, and RTS decisions. Patients completed a web survey consisting of 19 questions about their activity level, their experience surrounding the process of rehabilitation after ACLR, and their decisions surrounding RTS.

Main Outcome Measures: Descriptive and subjective data were collected for all groups. Clinician responses were compared for differences in frequencies of clinical outcome measures used to decide RTS readiness. Frequency data were collected for all groups for the definition of successful RTS following ACLR using a self-report form. The relationship between patient satisfaction and current level of activity following ACLR was compared using the Tegner Activity Scale and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE).

Results: All patients were unanimous in their definition of successful RTS post ACLR as the ability to fully participate in pre-injury level of sport with no limitations or deficits (100%), and restoring functional stability (100%). Mean Tegner activity level scores of respondents decreased a mean of 3.4 (SD ± 2.5) from pre-injury to current level of activity (p < 0.011). However, no significant decrease from pre-injury level of activity to expected level of activity post surgery was seen. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between patients’ level of satisfaction and current level of activity (r = 0.84, p = 0.02), with higher levels of activity associated with increased levels of satisfaction. Overall, the majority of clinician respondents reported that jump tests, range of motion (ROM), Lachman clinical test of stability, pain, swelling, functional movement and giving way contributed to their RTS decisions. Unanimous consensus existed between clinicians for the ability to participate in any level of sport, with or without limitations, as the definition of successful RTS following ACLR.

Conclusions: Following ACLR, medically cleared patients had not met their high expectations of functional stability and ability to return to their pre-injury level of sport. The discordance between unmet expectations and current level of sporting activity was reflected in lower rates of patient satisfaction. Most clinicians reported using primarily impairment based not self-report measures to contribute to their RTS decisions. Clinicians and patients expressed subtle differences in their definition of successful RTS.

Clinical Relevance: Establishing an operational definition of success, and professional consensus on measures which include patient reported outcomes is an important next step in the development of goal oriented RTS guidelines.

abstract: Master of Science Rehabilitation Science (MSc)


title: An Investigation into the Role of Energy and Symmetry at Epitaxial Interfaces

contributor:
Preston, John S
Engineering Physics

subject: epitaxy

subject: thin films

subject: symmetry

subject: growth

subject: MBE

subject: interface

subject: Electronic Devices and Semiconductor Manufacturing

subject: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

subject: Nanotechnology fabrication

subject: Semiconductor and Optical Materials

abstract: Epitaxy is a key technological process for the production of thin films and nanostructures for electronic and optoelectronic devices. The epitaxial process has been traditionally studied through the lens of lattice-matched and chemically similar material systems, specifically the III-V quaternary material systems. This work investigates the role energy and symmetry play at epitaxial interfaces for cases far different than those of typical epitaxy. In the realm of energy, the impact of chemically dissimilar epitaxial interfaces was investigated, specifically between semiconductors and oxides, noble metals and oxides, and polar-on-nonpolar epitaxy. For symmetry at epitaxial interfaces, the role of symmetry breaking, through surface reconstructions and asymmetric surfaces was investigated. Investigations into energy found two key insights: 1) epitaxy is possible between materials which one would expect to be very weakly interacting (gold on oxides) and, 2) epitaxial interfaces, while promoting single crystal growth, can be weakly bonded enough to allow controlled liftoff of single crystal epitaxial thin films. Investigations into symmetry at epitaxial interfaces found three key insights: 1) intentional symmetry breaking of the growth substrate through steps can suppress twinning of zincblende thin films, 2) asymmetric (211)-oriented substrates can accommodate strain of mismatched zincblende thin films, and 3) reconstructed oxide substrates can provide unique epitaxial templates for thin films which significantly differ from their bulk lattice. The results of this investigation provide a path towards the improvement of epitaxy through the manipulation of symmetry at epitaxial surfaces, and the production of free standing thin films through the epitaxial liftoff process.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Energy Provisioning in Stand-alone and Grid-Connected Solar Powered Networks

contributor: Dongmei Zhao,  Ted Szymanski, Mustafa K. Mehmet Ali

subject: Solar Energy

subject: Grid Connected PV Systems

subject: Energy Provisioning

subject: Wireless Mesh Networks

subject: Smart Grid

subject: Energy Management

subject: Other Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject: Power and Energy

subject: Systems and Communications

abstract:
Solar energy is a clean and abundant renewable energy source which is currently used in many types of photovoltaic (PV) designs. In practical PV systems, solar panels are used to harvest solar energy and convert it into a usable form of electricity. Due to the intermittent nature of solar energy input however, battery storage, in combination with solar panels, must be used to provide an uninterrupted source of power.

The process of assigning solar panel and battery configurations for a PV system is referred to as energy resource provisioning. Unfortunately, energy provisioning costs are still relatively high, and this is one of the main obstacles that inhibits the adoption of solar power for many applications. These costs however, can be substantially reduced through cost-efficient resource provisioning methods. The focus of this thesis is on the development of efficient algorithms and energy management methods that will reduce energy provisioning costs in solar powered systems.

First, we consider resource provisioning in solar powered wireless mesh networks. In practical solar powered systems, there are usually restrictions in the way that the mesh nodes can be positioned, and this results in a time-varying and node-dependent attenuation of the available solar energy. Unfortunately, conventional resource provisioning methods cannot take this into account and therefore the deployed system may be unnecessarily expensive. In this part of the thesis, the resource provisioning problem is considered from this point of view. We first review conventional resource provisioning mechanisms and give an example which shows the value of introducing positional solar insolation awareness. A Position Aware Provisioning (PAP) algorithm is then introduced that takes known positional variations into consideration when performing the energy provisioning. Simulation results show that reductions in total network provisioning cost can be obtained using the proposed methodology compared to conventional algorithms.

In the second part of the thesis, we consider communication infrastructure that is operated from the power grid with a solar powered addition. Resource provisioning and energy management algorithms are introduced to minimize the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure (OPEX) costs. We first derive lower bounds on the costs using a linear programming (LP) formulation where solar components are sized using solar insolation and projected loading data. A variety of different node configurations are considered. Three energy scheduling algorithms are then introduced to optimize online OPEX costs, namely, Grid Purchase Last (GPL), Solar Load Optimization (SLO) and Solar Load Simulation (SLS) algorithms. Simulation results show the extent to which a solar powered add-on can reduce total cost.

Finally, we consider solar powered systems where part of their energy demands are deferrable, up to some maximum tolerable delay. The objective is to exploit the flexibility of deferrable energy demands in a way that decreases the total provisioning cost. A mixed integer linear optimization program is derived which gives a lower bound on the provisioning cost. A Delay Aware Provisioning (DAP) algorithm is then proposed to determine practical cost-efficient energy provisioning. The performance of DAP is compared to the provisioning bound and the conventional Stand-alone Node Provisioning (SNP) algorithm. Results are presented which show the significant provisioning cost savings that can be obtained.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Asymmetrical I-V curves from a symmetrical devices structure of Organic Photovoltaics

contributor:
Xu, Gu
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
Polymer and Organic Materials
Semiconductor and Optical Materials
Polymer and Organic Materials

abstract:
The energy diagram for organic photovoltaics (OPV), involving the bulk heterojunction (BHJ), on which the device analysis is usually based, has long been a subject of debate. The widely used Metal-insulator-Metal model and P-type Schottky Junction model, both of which are based on inappropriate assumptions, could be incorrect to explain the working principle of BHJ OPV.

To further explore the controversy, we start the investigation from the opposite direction, to the usually asymmetrical OPV, involving electron and hole passages, by introducing a pair of symmetric electrodes to a BHJ, to form a completely symmetrical device structure, which, in theory, would produce zero output.

Surprisingly, it is found that such a symmetrical device exhibits asymmetrical I-V curves. In particular, it produces a non-zero open-circuit voltage, and a finite short-circuit current. The cause of the output was the asymmetrical charge carrier distribution due to the asymmetrical illumination. To explain the operational mechanism of the symmetrical device, the equivalent circuit including a pair of inverse-parallel diodes and a new model for the BHJ energy diagram are introduced. Those findings would certainly improve the understanding of the device physics of OPV, especially the working principle for BHJ.

abstract: Master of Materials Science and Engineering (MMatSE)


title: SYNTHETIC JET MICROPUMP

contributor:
Ziada, Samir
Kleiman, Rafael
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
MEMS
Microfluidics
Micropump
Synthetic Jet
Micro Synthetic Jet
Electro-Mechanical Systems
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Electro-Mechanical Systems

abstract:
The production of a novel micropump based on the synthetic jet principle is investigated both numerically and experimentally. The proposed micropump consists of a synthetic jet actuator driven by a vibrating diaphragm issuing into an inverted T- shaped channel structure forming the inlet/outlet channels of the pump.

The software package Ansys is used to perform numerical investigations of the operation of the proposed micropump. Simulations were performed to study the effect of changing the inlet/outlet channel dimensions as well as the operating frequency, amplitude and duty cycle of the excitation signal. Inlet/outlet channel widths ranging from 200 to 800 μm and operating amplitude and frequency of excitation of the 5 mm square membrane driving the synthetic jet actuator ranging from 20 to 60 μm and from 20 to 60 Hz respectively were investigated.

Based on the findings of the numerical simulations, a prototype design was chosen and produced. Prototype production using microfabrication techniques as well as micromachining was investigated. The final prototype was micromachined using plexiglass as the working material. An experimental setup was constructed to test the performance of the produced prototype, which allowed for measuring the produced flow rate, pressure head, actuation amplitude and frequency.

The findings of the numerical simulations verified the possibility to produce a working micropump with flow rates of up to 1.3 ml/min. Simulation results also showed the dependence of the produced flow rate on both the inlet and outlet channel widths. An increase in the inlet channel width resulted in a gain in the average flow rate through the pump while an increase in the outlet channel width results in a reduction in the flow rate. Increases in either the actuation amplitude or frequency of excitation both resulted in an improvement in the produced flow rate. Changes in the ejection duty cycle, or the ejection time relative to the suction time during an actuation cycle, were found to influence the flow rate produced by the pump. A shorter ejection time produced a higher flow rate from the pump as compared to a longer ejection time. It was also found that changes in dimensions or operating parameters affected the fluctuations in the flow rate through the pump associated with the pulsating nature of the synthetic jet. Experimental investigations confirmed the findings of the numerical simulations in terms of the flow rate and the trends in the dependence of the flow rate on operating parameters. Values of maximum back pressure of up to 500 Pa were also reported experimentally and membrane driving powers of up to 122 μW were calculated numerically.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Geochemical and Geochronologic Investigation of Meteorite Impact Melts at Mistastin Lake, Labrador and Sudbury, Ontario

contributor:
Crocket, J.H.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
Trace element and Sr isotopic geochemistry have been used to demonstrate what happens chemically to the rocks that have been hit and melted by the impact of a meteorite.

Two meteorite craters were studied by these techniques. The one in Labrador has a simple geology and this has allowed the construction of a model of the geochemical processes involved in the impact of a meteorite. The other, at Sudbury, has a much more complex geological history which does not allow the direct application of the model because of post-crater events.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: RESONANT CURVED PIEZOELECTRIC CANTILEVER FLUID DIODE WINGS FOR MASS-PRODUCIBLE FLYING MICROROBOTS

contributor:
Kleiman, R. N.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Resonance
Curved Cantilever
Fluid Diode
Microrobotic flight
MEMS
MAV
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: This work explores a new method of force generation for flying robots on the sub-cm wingspan scale: resonant curved piezoelectric cantilevers created using completely parallel MEMS fabrication. It theorizes that because a resonating curved beam has a different drag coefficient on the upstroke than the downstroke, it should act as a fluid diode: a partial one-way gate for fluids, and thereby generate an asymmetric force over a symmetric one-degree-of-freedom flapping cycle. It develops a simplified model for the large-amplitude resonant mode of thin circular arcs by analytically extending the resonant mode shape of straight cantilevers, shows that this shape is a better fit to experimental data than previous models, and shows that it accurately predicts the resonant frequency. It uses this resonant mode to compute the force on flapping curved arcs under a wide range of amplitudes, Reynolds numbers, and arc angles using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and extends the concept of a drag coefficient from steady-flow fluid mechanics to steady-state oscillatory fluid mechanics both for net force generation and power dissipation. It develops a framework to analyze the CFD results in the broader context of a complete robot, and uses this framework to determine priorities for material selection, robot size, and flapping shape, depending on desired robot application. It tests these theoretical predictions by creating prototype 7.6 mm wings out of 7.5 micrometer thick x-cut quartz and SU-8, after developing and implementing a method to smoothly thin x-cut quartz leaving the surface free of dielectric-compromising pits using reactive ion etching (RIE). Finally, it constructs a test chamber to measure the force, amplitude, and electrical parameters of the flapping wings under a variety of air pressures and demonstrates that the results are consistent with the theoretical predictions, indicating that this approach can in fact lead to successful flying microrobots.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Global Ethics and the Power Relations of Responsibility

contributor:
Beier, Marshall J.
Nyers, Peter
Stubbs, Richard
Political Science

subject:
Global Ethics
Responsibility to Protect
Humanitarian Intervention
Global Justice
Accountability
Power Relations
International Relations
International Relations

abstract: This thesis was successfully defended on December 16th, 2013 at McMaster University.

abstract: In response to humanitarian crises within sovereign nation-states, many voices in global politics have begun to frame their arguments in terms of a responsibility to uphold basic human rights. The most prominent example of this theme is found in the idea of the responsibility to protect, an international framework for crisis response developed by an international commission and consolidated at the United Nations. A major challenge to this frame of thinking is the traditional disjuncture between the concept of ethico-political responsibility, on the one hand, and nation-state sovereignty on the other. A critical investigation of the ethical and political impulses articulated within the doctrine of the responsibility to protect demonstrates that much of the emergent consensus surrounding the responsibility to protect framework is premised on ideational and normative ambiguity. Part of the reason for this is the complexity of the idea of ‘responsibility’. This project seeks to explain some of the contestation of the responsibility to protect by first developing, and then applying, a conceptual framework that differentiates between monological impulses of ‘being responsible’ and more socially embedded practices situated within relational regimes of accountability and answerability.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: GAME THEORETICAL MODELS OF COMPETITION IN TIME-SENSITIVE MARKETS

contributor:
Parlar, Mahmut
Prakash Abad, Elkafi Hassini
Business

subject: Time-based Competition

subject: Game Theory

subject: Supply Chain Management

subject: Time-sensitive Markets

subject: Business Administration, Management, and Operations

subject: Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods

subject: Operations and Supply Chain Management

abstract: This study focuses mainly on situations of time-based competition. Three problems in this context will be studied in three different parts. In the first part, we will examine the promised delivery time (PDT) competition for firms whose production processes consist of more than one stage. We study three games; a) when each firm consists of two stages and has identical production rates in both stages, b) when each firm consists of k stages and has identical production rate in all stages and, c) when each firm consists of two stages and has different production rates in each stage. In the second part, we focus on a duopolistic market where the firms compete against each other by determining their PDT. The firms try to win the business of a single customer who is sensitive to PDT but will also penalize the winning firm through tardiness costs. This situation may emerge when the production duration is too long and the product is expensive as in the aviation industry. The third part of this study deals with situations of investment competition in the presence of incomplete information in the market. The investment decision will affect the time to production (speed) and determines the probability of winning the business. The notion of incompleteness in information is projected when firms are not fully certain about each other's objective function. In each chapter, we will find the equilibrium of the game and determine the players' optimal strategies. At the end of each chapter, a numerical analysis is presented, where numerous numerical examples are solved. Based on the numerical examples, a sensitivity analysis is also presented for each model that would capture the sensitivity of the Nash equilibria and the firms' optimal strategies towards changes in parameters in the market or the competitor's operations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Committed to Memory: Remembering "9/11" as a Crisis of Education

contributor:
Dean, Amber
Goellnicht, Donald
Brophy, Sarah
English and Cultural Studies

subject:
9/11
public remembrance
memory studies
remembrance pedagogy
September 11 2001
War on Terror
civic education
American Studies
Arts and Humanities
Education
Visual Studies
American Studies

abstract: This study considers the pedagogical significance of mourning and remembrance in the context of the commemorative culture surrounding the “9/11” attacks on America, which have stimulated recent explorations of what it might mean to commit to ethical remembrances of the dead. Critical of “9/11” memorial discourses that provide justifications for heightened “homeland” security and military mobilization in the “War on Terror,” this project not only addresses the educative force of memorial-artistic responses in creating meaning out of mass deaths, but also dissociates the concept of the public memorial as foremost an apparatus of the state, private corporations, and other institutions which seek to use memorials towards amnesiac or ideological objectives. Analyses of the memorial responses addressed in this project unpack how particular modes of remembering “9/11” and its victims are themselves reflections upon the meanings and objectives of collective remembrance. The project first explores the “September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows” organization and how it negotiates the ways public sentiment is mobilized “in the name of” victims and their families. Through an analysis of Art Spiegelman’s In the Shadow of No Towers, I examine the capacity of graphic narrative to bear witness to traumatic events and speak to their legacies in non-hegemonic ways. Lastly, the project explores how Samira Makhmalbaf’s film God, Construction and Destruction calls for the re-evaluation of strategic memorial practices that risk reducing “9/11” remembrance pedagogies to universalizing modes of remembrance that further subjugate already marginalized communities. Stimulated by such memorial responses that interrogate conventional practices and assumptions of collective remembrance, the project argues that the public remembrance of “9/11” is a crisis of and for education: that is, an important occasion to seek and call for modes of remembrance and sites of pedagogies that foster an openness to the critical and transformative force of historical trauma.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: EXPLORATION OF STRUCTURE-SWITCHING IN THE DESIGN OF RNA APTAMER SENSORS

contributor:
Li, Yingfu
Coombes, Brian K.
Brennan, John D.
Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences

subject: aptamer

subject: RNA

subject: sensor

subject: structure-switching

subject: fluorescence

subject: SELEX

subject: Other Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment

abstract: The process of ‘‘structure-switching’’ enables biomolecular switches to function as effective biosensing tools. Biomolecular switches can be activated or inactivated by binding to a specific target that triggers a precise conformational change in the biomolecules involved. Examples of aptamer-based biomolecular switches can be found in nature. Furthermore, efforts have been made in the last decade to engineer structure-switching sensors using DNA aptamers whereby, the aptamer is coupled to a signal transduction method to generate a readout signal upon target binding to the aptamer domain. Conversely, RNA aptamers have been relatively underexplored for sensor development, largely due to its susceptibility to nuclease degradation and chemical instability. Despite these shortcomings, many RNA aptamers possess superior sensing capabilities, and the abundance of RNA aptamers provides new opportunities to further advance the field. In effect, this thesis uses a structure-switching design to demonstrate the power of RNA aptamers for fluorescence-based sensor development. Herein, we demonstrate generalizable structure-switching strategies to make use of the abundance of RNA aptamers, monitor the quality control of detection and correct detection error, as well as enhance RNA aptamer sensing capability by using regulated graphene adsorption. Furthermore, our findings have expanded for secondary applications involving collaborations with other research labs. In one application, we demonstrate that entrapment of structure-switching RNA aptamers in sol-gel material confers protection against nuclease degradation and chemical instability. In another application, we further validate the use of riboswitches, or natural structure-switching RNA aptamers, as potential targets for drug discovery. Overall, these results demonstrate the capability of RNA aptamers for sensor development. We conclude with a discussion of possible areas for further inquiry, as well as future applications for the advancement of structure-switching RNA aptamers.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Wet Adhesion of Polyvinylamine to Cellulose

contributor:
Pelton, Robert
Zhu, Shiping
Dalnoki-Verass, Kari
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Polyvinylamine
Wet strength
Peeling
Cellulose
Oxidation
XPS
Other Chemical Engineering
Other Chemistry
Other Chemical Engineering

abstract:
A systematic investigation of Polyvinylamine (PVAm) as a strength-enhancing polymer for wet paper was undertaken through the development of a new test method that simulates the influence of polymers on fibre-fibre bonding in paper. Pairs of wet regenerated cellulose membranes were laminated using the paper strength-enhancing polymer as the lamination adhesive. The resulting laminates served as a physical model for fibre-fibre bonds in paper and the wet laminate strength was determined by ninety degree peeling experiments. Key experimental parameters and sources of error were identified.

The mechanism of PVAm paper wet strength enhancement was explored by the wet cellulose delamination procedure. Initial results showed that PVAm was a poor wet adhesive for cellulose unless the cellulose was lightly oxidized. The adhesion was found to be a strong function of the concentration of amine and of the cellulose oxidation products. This led to the hypothesis that there are two mechanism in action; the first being the well-accepted electrostatic bonding theories and the second being covalent bond formation between acetal/hemi-acetals/aldehydes and the amine.

A thorough investigation of the surface chemistry and morphology was conducted to confirm the hypothesis of covalent bond formation between aldehydes and amines. Oxidized regenerated cellulose was laminated with PVAm and the peeled surfaces analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). It was shown that the wet delamination force correlated to the acetal/hemi-acetal/alehyde surface concentration. It was concluded that the delamination force would be increased by a cumulative strengthening of both the cellulose surface and adhesive interface.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: MULTINUCLEAR NMR SPECTROSCOPY METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS IN SOLID-STATE ELECTROLYTES FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES

contributor:
Goward, Gillian
Mozharivskyj, Yurij
Chemistry

subject: Nuclear Magnetic Reonance Spectroscopy; Lithium Batteries; Quadrupolar Nuclei; Dipolar Coupling; Ion Dynamics

subject: Materials Chemistry

subject: Physical Chemistry

subject: Materials Chemistry

abstract: This thesis evaluates several solid-state NMR spectroscopy approaches to studying lithium ion dynamics in solid-state electrolytes. With the goal of reducing the risks associated with current liquid electrolytes, solid-state electrolytes provide non-flammable materials that are also stable against attack by cathode and anode materials. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy offers a versatile method to determine structural details and can also provide information about ion mobility in solid-state electrolytes. Challenges involved in the study of solid-state electrolytes include the difficulty in distinguishing between 6,7Li resonances due to the small chemical shift range of diamagnetic lithium species. The NMR methods selected in this thesis aim to circumvent some of these issues in order to determine structural and dynamic properties in solid-state electrolytes. Several different electrolytes have been examined including LaLi0.5Fe0.2O2.09 and related materials, which exhibit intricate structural properties. 139La NMR spectroscopy, in combination with 7Li MAS NMR spectroscopy, was used to determine the nature of this disorder. In addition, studies of the quadrupolar framework 87Rb nucleus, which take advantage of its large electric field gradient, have been used to indirectly probe the activation energy for Ag+ ion hopping in the solid-state silver ion electrolyte RbAg4I5. Alternatively, dipolar coupling between 6Li and 7Li has been used to compare lithium ion hopping rates in Li6BaLa2M2O12 (M = Ta, Nb) using 6Li{7Li}-REDOR NMR studies. Finally, T2 relaxation studies have been used to probe ion dynamics in Li3V2(PO4)3 and LiVO3 in order to determine if this is a viable method to study dynamics in these materials.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Revealing Positions: The Role of Point of View in the Understanding of Utterances

contributor:
Hitchcock, David
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
Explanations of how we understand some types of utterances often involve appeals to either speaker meaning or context. I suggest that these devices are inadequate for explaining how we understand utterances using the word 'I', metaphorical statements, and statements in and about works of fiction. Instead, I argue that in order to explain our understanding of such utterances, we need to appeal to point of view.

I deal with each type of utterance separately, in each case building on a philosopher's previous work of explaining how we understand that type of utterance: Gareth Evans on utterances using the word 'I', Max Black's interaction theory of metaphor, and Kendall Walton's theory of make-believe for fictional statements. I note that in each case the relevant theory is not comprehensive enough. Gareth Evans accounts for how each of us thinks of ourselves as an individual self. Max Black's theory accounts for msot of our intuitions about metaphor, but his theory cannot explain our emotional response to metaphorical phrases. Kendall Walton's theory accounts for statements made in works of fiction and most statements made about works of fiction. However, his theory of make-believe is inadequate for explaining how we understand critical statements about works of fiction. I argue that all three theories can provide the required explanatory force if each is supplemented by an appeal to point of view.

Before characterizing point of view, I show that context is inadequate for explaining metaphorical statements and statements in and about works of fiction. Any contextual theory for these statements would be inadequate unless it allowed for multiple contexts for a single sentence. I concentrate on Francois Recanati's multiple domain theory in order to show that theories posting such multiple contexts are inadequate because they lack ways of differentiating and accessing such contexts.

Appealing to point of in conjunction with the three theories I favour, explains how we understand the utterances in question. Self-conscious self-reference using the word 'I' is possible because we assume an imaginative stance for viewing what we take to be our 'inner life.' Metaphorical statements are understood through a pattern that includes the self. When making statements about fictional characters mentioned in works of fiction, we make-believe that the names refer to actual people. However, when we make critical statements using such names, we believe that they are the names of fictional characters.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Lentiviral-Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Hemophilia B Gene Therapy

contributor:
Hortelano, Gonzalo
Ofosu, Fred
Biomedical Engineering

subject: gene therapy

subject: hemophilia

subject: mesenchymal stem cell

subject: Factor IX

subject: lentivirus

subject: differentiation

subject: alginate

subject: translational

subject: Molecular, cellular, and tissue engineering

abstract: Hemophilia B patients may have frequent, spontaneous and life-threatening bleeds that are currently managed by an invasive and expensive treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly being applied to clinically therapeutic strategies and lentiviral gene vectors have been shown to be safe and efficient tools for modifying stem cells for long-term expression of high levels of transgenes. In this study, MSCs were engineered with a lentivirus to express sustained and therapeutic levels of human FIX protein in vitro and in mice. The modified MSCs secreted human FIX protein at levels exceeding 4 μg/106 MSCs/24 h with high FIX coagulant activity of greater than 2.5 mIU/106 MSCs/24 h for 6 week in vitro. Functional FIX transgene was continually expressed by these cells when they were induced to differentiate into adipocyte, osteoblast and chondrocyte lineages in vitro. However, the modified MSCs transplanted via tail vein into NOD-SCID-γ mice expressed low levels of FIX in vivo. The transplantation procedure had an increased risk of death that was more pronounced in mice that received cell doses exceeding 2 million cells. Organ examinations suggested the deaths resulted from entrapment of MSCs in pulmonary capillaries. Modified MSCs encapsulated in alginate-PLL microcapsules and transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of both NOD-SCID-γ and hemophilia B mice at 9 million cells/mouse resulted in therapeutic expression around 100 ng of human FIX/mL of plasma only for a few days in vivo as human FIX expression quickly decreased to basal values by the end of the first week. Cultured ex vivo, human FIX expression by retrieved capsules indicated an innate immune response to the encapsulated cells prevented sustained expression of FIX. These investigations demonstrate that lentivirally modified MSCs have the potential to express therapeutic human FIX for sustained periods in vitro, even after their differentiation. However, they also highlight the challenges to overcome to optimize cell engraftment and survival following transplantation, and to minimize the immune responses associated with the xenogeneic translational models used.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Direct Infusion Lipidomics: Profiling the Lipidome of a Composite Tailings Reclamation Site

contributor:
McCarry, Brian
Slater, Greg
Britz-McKibbin, Philip
Chemistry

subject:
lipidomics
intact phospholipids
composite tailings
mass spectrometry
direct infusion
Analytical Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry

abstract: The comprehensive analysis of intact lipids (called lipidomics) can provide information about the presence of microbial communities in an ecosystem and assist in understanding the biogeochemistry in that system. In previous work we had developed a method to determine the profiles of eight phospholipid classes in a soil microorganism by direct-infusion electrospray mass spectroscopy using tandem mass spectrometry. The work done in this study encompasses first the optimization of previous methodology for use with water and sediment samples containing low concentration of phospholipids and large amounts of organic contaminants and secondly the application of this method to the analysis of phospholipids within composite tailings and recycled process water using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer to determine the intact lipids in the bacterial community. The results are presented illustrating the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids present in composite tailing samples and recycled process water. This thesis begins with the optimization of a direct infusion mass spectrometry method, which allowed the analysis of intact phospholipids within both water and sediment samples. This method allows for high through-put analysis using both the separation afforded by neutral loss and precursor ion scanning modes and a database containing all possible adduct masses to identify and quantify unknown phospholipids. This method was then applied to water and sediment samples obtained from the Syncrude Sandhill Fen composite tailings site. This analysis discovered multiple differences within the water samples attributed to changes both in well temperature and the ongoing reclamation projects resulting in the change in phospholipid profiles. This thesis also outlines the shortcomings of the direct infusion lipidomics method when used for the analysis of complex samples such as composite tailings sediment samples. In summary, this thesis has demonstrated that direct infusion lipidomics can be successfully applied to the analysis of water samples and yield statistically significant differences within the microbial lipidome.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: EXTERNAL-ROTOR 6/10 SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR FOR AN ELECTRIC BICYCLE

contributor:
Emadi, Ali
Schofield, Nigel
Habibi, Saeid
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
switched reluctance machine design
finite element analysis
motor drives
thermal analysis
torque ripple reduction
prototype machine
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
As a cost-effective, healthy, and environmentally friendly personal mode of transportation, electric bicycles (E-bikes) are gaining an increasing market share from conventional bicycles and automobiles. Considering the legal rules in Ontario, Canada, a 500W motor makes the E-bike more attractive for travelling use. At the same time, the simple structure, high torque and power density, as well as the low cost of the switched reluctance machine (SRM) makes it a strong candidate for E-bikes.

In this thesis, a 3-phase, external-rotor SRM with 6 stator poles and 10 rotor poles is designed for E-bike. The design of an external rotor arrangement of the 6-10 SRM topology has not previously been reported, hence it offers a new contribution to the published works. The machine design is initiated by the output power equation and is followed by a comprehensive finite element analysis (FEA). The external-rotor arrangement is chosen to facilitate ease of integration into the wheel hub structure of a typical pedal bicycle. The increasing rotor poles yield improved torque ripple reduction than more conventional (i.e. 6-4, 12-8 etc.) SRM design, which is an essential feature for low speed rider comfort.

A new torque ripple reduction control scheme is investigated. Although the comparison shows that the torque sharing function has more positive result than angular position control with regards to torque ripple, this is at the expense of higher losses. Detailed thermal analysis ensures this machine is suitable to require no additional cooling system. The final machine design is experimentally tested via a full system prototype. Results highlight some limitation of the 2-D FEA in terms of the winding inductance calculation. Here, the end winding introduce more influence on short thickness machine, which will reduce its output power. However, its power-speed curve shows that this prototype machine has very strong overload ability.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: THE ROLES OF HEDGEHOG AND AP-2 SIGNALING IN THE REGULATION OF LENS DEVELOPMENT

contributor:
West-Mays, Judith
Medical Sciences

subject:
Development
Transcription Factors
AP-2alpha
Hedgehog Signaling
Genetics
AP-2beta
Biology
Developmental Biology
Genetics
Biology

abstract:
Lens development is an intricate process governed by growth factor signaling and a hierarchy of transcription factors that regulate important processes required for normal lens development.

Midline hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been implicated in lens defects including cyclopia and lens degeneration in rodents and fish. A lens specific model of hedgehog signaling has not been examined, and it was unknown whether the lens is able to respond to Hh signals. To investigate this question, and to determine any consequences of abnormal Hh signaling on lens development, a mouse model of constitutively active smoothened in the surface ectoderm and derivatives, (including the lens), was created. These mutants exhibited ectopic expression of FoxE3 by E12.5, and ectopic Pax6 expression by E15.5, along with deregulation of the lens cell cycle and lens degeneration.

Similar to the Hh signaling pathway, normal expression of the transcription factor Activating Protein-2 (AP-2, tcfap2), in the lens, was shown to be essential for the maintenance of an epithelial cell phenotype, and the regulation of the lens cell cycle. AP-2α has been shown to be important at the placode stage of development for correct separation of the lens vesicle away from the overlying surface ectoderm. Defects resulting from the loss of AP-2α at this stage do not manifest until E12.5, at time at which AP-2β expression is lost in the lens, suggesting possible redundancy between the two AP-2 family members in early lens development.

To investigate this possible redundancy, Tcfap2a and Tcfap2b were conditionally deleted from the lens at E9.5 (AP-2α/β DKOs). These family members were shown to play redundant roles during early lens development, with the double mutants exhibiting more severe defects than those seen in the AP-2α single knockout model A more nasally positioned lens stalk and a rotated lens were observed. Severe corneal defects and deregulation of the lens cell cycle were also evident.

Roles for AP-2α in later lens development were unknown. To examine whether or not this transcription factor continues to play a role in lens epithelial cell maintenance subsequent to lens vesicle separation, a mouse model with Tcfap2a conditionally deleted from the lens during these later stages of development was created (MRL10-AP-2α). These mutants displayed a disorganized and multilayered lens epithelial cell layer with elongated epithelial cells that abnormally expressed fiber cell specific β/γ crystallins. These mutants also exhibited defects in cell adhesion between the epithelium and fiber cells, as well as between the epithelium and capsule, and exhibited fiber cell defects including vacuoles.

Together, the work presented in this thesis outline previously unknown roles for Hh and AP-2 signaling in lens development. Both Hh and AP-2 are required for the maintenance of a normal lens epithelial cell phenotype and regulation of the cell cycle. This thesis also illustrates the requirement (and redundant roles) for AP-2α and AP-2β at the lens placode stage of development.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)


title: Nutrition, Childhood Development and Prevalence of Anemia in Ghanaian Children: Analysis of Health Survey

contributor:
Hamid, Jemila S
Joseph Beyene, Roman Viveros-Aguilera
Mathematics and Statistics

subject: Malnutrition

subject: Stunting

subject: Underweight

subject: Wasting

subject: Anemia

subject: Risk factors

subject: Children

subject: Applied Statistics

subject: Biostatistics

subject: Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys

subject: International Public Health

subject: Maternal and Child Health

subject: Public Health Education and Promotion

subject: Vital and Health Statistics

subject: Applied Statistics

abstract: Malnutrition and Anemia in children continue to be major public health challenges in most developing countries, particularly in Africa. Malnutrition and Anemia pervade all aspects of their health, growth, cognitive and social development. They lead to irreversible and lifelong effects that prevent children from realising their full potential. This study was designed to examine the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition and anemia in children under 5 years of age in the Ghanaian population. This research is based on data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) 2008, obtained from the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). The survey is an extensive survey conducted using a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling design. The GDHS data contains a wealth of information on health, demographic, as well as socio-economic factors but is underutilised due to the complexity of the survey data. This study therefore stands out as one of the few that use the GDHS to investigate aspects of child health in Ghana. In this study, we perform subgroup analysis by disaggregating the data by age and gender specific subgroups and then by place of residence and region. This was in order to identify sub level estimates as national estimates have a high tendency of concealing true values and deviations from general trends. Also, subgroup analysis is very significant especially for resource allocation so as to minimize the likelihood of missing the target populations. We investigated associations between the three measurements of malnutrition; stunting, underweight and wasting and anemia (assessed by haemoglobin concentration) and the various risk factors using chi-square test to examine bivariate associations and chi-square trend test to examine linear trends in association. We identified the following variables to be significantly associated with all forms of malnutrition and/or anemia: age of child, mother’s education, financial status and place of residence. Other factors that were identified to be associated with some form of malnutrition and/or anemia include duration of breastfeeding, source of drinking water, mother’s occupation and currently breastfeeding. In view of the high rate of malnutrition, approximately 36% (33.6−37.6) and the alarming prevalence of anemia, 78% (76.7 − 80.2) in children in Ghana, particularly among those less than 2 years old, and the grave consequences on their cognitive and behavioral development even in later years, there is an urgent need for effective and efficient public health interventions.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Analyzing the effects of ionic strength, particle size and particle characteristics on the transport mechanisms of colloids in single, saturated dolomite fractures.

contributor:
Dickson, Sarah
Civil Engineering

subject:
fractured media
particle retention
DLVO Theory
MS2
E. coli
microspheres
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering

abstract:
A series of experiments were carried out to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the transport of biological and non-biological particles through single, saturated dolomite fractures at the laboratory scale. Fracture apertures and general roughness were characterized using hydraulic and conservative solute tracer experiments.

The effects of particle size, surface characteristics and ionic strength of carrying solution were all evaluated. Particulate material studied included MS2, E. coli and two sizes of carboxylated microspheres. To elucidate the effect of ionic strength on particulate transport, the ionic strength of the carrying solution was altered during each experiment. All particulate experiments were completed at a specific discharge of 15 m/day to facilitate comparisons.

Recovery of biological particulate material was found to be much less relative to the carboxylated microspheres, even though the energy profiles predicted similar interactions with the fracture surface. This suggests that the biological surface has a significant impact on retention within the fracture. Further, altering the ionic strength of the carrying solution did not spur significant elution of additional particulate material, regardless of surface characteristics. Therefore, it was determined that retention within the secondary energy minimum was negligible under these operating conditions.

With respect to carboxylated microspheres, increased retention was observed within the less variable fracture. This suggests that increased variability within a fracture results in increased eddying within the aperture field. This eddying effectively reduces the aperture region available for particle transport, lessening the particle/fracture interaction. Overall, while mean residence times were similar, recovery of biological particles was poorly replicated by microspheres.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The Hidden Rule of Women: A Study of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Understanding of Women

contributor:
Seaman, J. W.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
This thesis is a response to the contemporary controversy concerning whether Rousseau's view of women is chauvinistic or radical in nature. These critiques remain inadequate guides to a clarification of his view since they disregard the tensions which permeate his perspective and they concentrate, instead, on assessing his treatment of women on the basis of pre-established frameworks of thought. Rousseau presents two arguments: first, he describes women as being powerless and suitable only for a home life; and secondly, he argues that better education ,should be extended to women because this would benefit society. If Rousseau's view is chauvinistic, why would he advocate measures to improve the situation of women and how would this benefit society? Alternatively, if his theory is radical, why would he argue that women be deprived of social power? This thesis will clarify Rousseau's view of women and show that the tension existing in his perspective is caused by his attempt to conceal a special role for women; one which makes them active social participants.

This analysis,the~ will examine his perspective on women in:'relation to his views on men and society. Proceding in this manner is beneficial because: it provides a theoretical framework within which his treatment of women can be better understood; and it reveals Rousseau's account of male psychology, and his view of women cannot be understood without this; and it facilitates the comparison of the situation of women and social practices. This comparison is quite significant since it reveals the similarities between the role of women and that of the Legislator, and since it is from these similarities that Rousseau reveals his assertion that women are the actual, albeit covert, rulers of society. Rousseau, however, is not entirely radical; his view of women is radical in its aim, but it remains essentially chauvinistic.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "The Sea inside the Womb": Feminist Magic Realism in Latin American and Canadian Novels

contributor:
York, L.
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Understanding the Mechanisms of Visual Orientation Discrimination

contributor:
Murphy, Kathryn M.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: Most studies of orientation detection and discrimination have focussed on the ability to detect oriented stimuli at low contrast or to discriminate small differences in stimulus tilt. In this thesis, I present a new orientation-in-noise stimulus that is high contrast and broadband in spatial frequency and is designed to assess orientation discrimination. Thresholds were measured as the minimum amount of oriented signal required to accurately discriminate the underlying orientation. In Chapter 2, the nature of orientation discrimination was explored using two versions of this novel stimulus. Discrimination thresholds were better for a Local stimulus, where the orientation signal was spatially limited, than for a Global stimulus, where the orientation signal extented across the entire stimulus. Performance improved with increasing stimulus area and reached a limit of about 11% orientation signal. In Chapter 3, the temporal aspects of orientation discrimination were measured with the orientation-in-noise stimulus. Discrimination thresholds were better with a dynamic stimulus, containing multiple independent samples over time, than with a static stimulus presented for an equal duration. Furthermore, increasing the presentation time resulted in even better performance with the dynamic stimuli. These psychophysical results, alnog with results from a computational model, suggest that human orientation discrimination is medicated by pooling the local responses of low-level neural mechanisms over space and time, and is limited by two stages of intrinsic neural noise. The effects of an oriented context on discrimination in noise thresholds are presented in Chapter 4. Discrimination threshold increase two-fold when an oriented center is surrounded by a parallel texture. Thresholds with an orthogonal surround are the same as thresholds with no surround, and slightly better than thresholds with an unoriented noise surround. The effects of a surround on orientation discrimination are reduced when the center size is increased, a gap is increased between the center and the surround, or the surround signal strength is reduced. These results are captured by a computational model based on orientation-specific inhibition and pooling. When the center and surround components are presented either dichoptically or in depth, the effect of a parallel surround on orientation discrimination is not eliminated (Chapter 5). These results suggest that context effects are mediated by early cortical mechanisms. Together, the behavioural and computational results provide novel insights into the nature of orientation perception, and lay the foundation for future research probing the neural mechanisms of orientation discrimination.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Human Responses to the Divine: Eric Voegelin's Philosophy of Consciousness and Symbolization

contributor:
Planinc, Z.
Kroeker, T.
Vallee, G.
Religious Studies

subject:
Religious Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract:
The history of western philosophy has been characterized by an ongoing discussion about the relation between theology and philosophy. This thesis is an attempt to understand the nature of this relation through an analysis of Eric Voegelin's philosophy of consciousness and symbolization. We attempt to show how Voegelin's philosophical analysis of consciousness affords us insight into the nature of both true and false theology. Our argument is based on Voegelin's discussion of the conception of theology developed by Plato in Book II of the Republic. According to Plato, the term theology is descriptive both of the symbolism of divine reality employed by consciousness, and the state of consciousness that that symbolism expresses. We argue, therefore, that an understanding of the various human responses to divine reality cannot be separated from an understanding of the true nature of consciousness and its deformation.

In the first chapter of this study we outline Voegelin's understanding of the true nature of consciousness and its symbolic expression. In Chapter II we critically assess several deformative understandings of consciousness by placing them alongside Voegelin's analysis. Our study concludes with a discussion of two questions that arise in response to the analysis of Chapters I and II: (1) How is one to move from a state of deformation to a true state of existence? (2) How is this true state established as true?

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Expressions of Sovereignty: Law and Authority in the Making of the Overseas British Empire, 1576-1640

contributor:
Alsop, J.D.
History

subject: History History

abstract: This thesis contributes to the body of literature that investigates the making of the British empire, circa 1576-1640. It argues that the crown was fundamentally involved in the establishment of sovereignty in overseas territories because of the contemporary concepts of empire, sovereignty, the royal prerogative, and intemationallaw. According to these precepts, Christian European rulers had absolute jurisdiction within their own territorial boundaries (internal sovereignty), and had certain obligations when it carne to their relations with other sovereign states (external sovereignty). The crown undertook these responsibilities through various "expressions of sovereignty". It employed writers who were knowledgeable in international law and European overseas activities, and used these interpretations to issue letters patent that demonstrated both continued royal authority over these territories and a desire to employ legal codes that would likely be approved by the international community. The crown also insisted on the erection of fortifications and approved of the publication of semiotically charged maps, each of which served the function of showing that the English had possession and effective control over the lands claimed in North and South America, the North Atlantic, and the East and West Indies. Finally, the crown engaged in diplomatic negotiations with other colonizing European powers, during which its envoys justified British overseas activities using an embryonic, common legal language in order to bring about the consensus of the international community. Because of the crown's expressions of internal and external sovereignty, this study concludes that the congeries of overseas territories ruled by Queen Elizabeth and the early Stuarts were -legally, structurally, and nominally, if not culturally, politically, and ideologically - an "empire". This conclusion challenges those of recent historians who have questioned both the crown's involvement in new found lands, and the efficacy of international law in the establishment of overseas sovereignty.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Perspectives on Nihilism & Nietzsche's Overcoming of Heidegger's Nietzsche

contributor:
Madison, Gary B.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This study is an attempt to challenge the hermeneutical soundness of Heidegger's reading Nietzsche as a nihilist. Nietzsche finds nihilism to be the logical result of the moral and metaphysical postulations of the Western philosophical tradition. Nietzsche's task is to revaluate this tradition and seek a way of overcoming its effects. My thesis lays out an interpretative framework within which Nietzsche can be seen to have succeeded by pursuing fundamental questions neglected in Heidegger's reading of him as the last metaphysician of the Western tradition. By following Nietzsche's lead as thinker from the direction of Dionysos, my thesis displays the untenability of Heidegger's interpretation of Nietzschean thought as the culmination of metaphysics' subjectivistic tendencies.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Vico and Descartes: From Rationalism to Historicism

contributor:
Shalom, Albert
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: In this work, we shall argue that the originality of Giambattista Vico in the history of anti-Cartesianism lies not simply, as it is generally believed, in his dissent from the anti-historical tenets of Cartesianism, but in his radical departure from the Cartesian conception of the universe. For Vico, in our view, was one of the very first, if not the first, thinker to recognise fully the implications of Cartesian mechanism and to, consequently, reject the Cartesian conception of nature and (correlatively) the Cartesian conception of man. His "nuova scienza", with its intrinsically dynamic universe and its fundamentally historical man, must therefore be understood as a fundamentally anti-Cartesian science of reality.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Selfhood And Subjective Truth In Kierkegaard

contributor:
Madison, G.B.
Vitkin, M.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This thesis explicates Kierkegaard's notion of subjective truth, and attempts to place such truth within the broader context of Kierkegaard's philosophy.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Nietzsche's Understanding of Socrates

contributor:
Planinc, Z.
Religious Studies

subject:
Religious Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract: From Nietzsche's early writings to those marking the end of his intellectual life, Socrates remains a permanent figure for his scrutiny. In his own words, Nietzsche writes. "Socrates is so close to me that I am almost continually fighting him". As a physician, a gad-fly, and a philosopher, as a man of strong character, and yet also as a self-confessed decadent, Nietzsche both identifies with Socrates and opposes him. In the following investigation, I examine Nietzsche's philosophical and intellectual struggles against Socrates. In pursuit of Nietzsche's understanding of Socrates, I undertake a chronological study of the entire corpus of his writings, and I provide a detailed analysis of each reference made to Socrates, the "Socratic", the "Socratic schools", and "Socratism". By noting the various changes and continuities in Nietzsche's view of Socrates throughout his writing career, I illustrate how Nietzsche comes to understand his own "task" as a philosopher through this struggle against his most worthy adversary. Finally, through my critical analysis of his views concerning Socrates, I will demonstrate to what extent Nietzsche's own "task" is itself Socratic.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The modal realism of David Lewis

contributor:
Vorobej, M.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
It seems everyone who encounters David Lewis's modal real ism finds it utterly strange. I attempt to show that it is strange because it expands our onto logy unnecessarily.

I begin by situating Lewis in the tradition of understanding modality with the help of possible worlds. I go on to indicate the internal tensions which arise under Lewis's view when we consider sane kinds of perfectly normal modal discourse. T try to show that the problem comes from an understanding of existence which is quite common in analytic philosophy. I then suggest a way of understanding modal language which finds its inspiration in the writings of st Thomas Aquinas, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Donald Davidson.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


contributor:
Allen, Barry
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
Knowledge and Memory: The Institutionalization of the Written Word deals with the relation between institutions and knowledge. More specifically, it deals with the effects of writing on the organization and institutionalization of memory. I show how the conception of memory as a written trace (as something made manifest in archives, documents and books) changes the relation between the subject, time and space to yield new paradigms of knowledge.

I begin by tracing the emergence of the written word from its origins in the Greek alphabet in order to show how the birth of the unified, rational self is a product of the spatial projection of speech onto the written page. I then discuss how the spatialization of language relates to the linguistication of space by considering four technological developments in the medieval practise of reading: the art of memory, indexes, signatures and copies. I show how the self is discovered as someone who reads into his own heart as if it were a text and how the newfound literate conception of knowledge as textual dissemination separates the self from his self-knowledge. I end by investigating the logic of institutions which gain power on the basis of a textual organization of knowledge. In particular, I consider how textual canons give professional bodies monopoly over discourse through a disciplinary division of knowledge, resulting in a society which is increasingly dependent on its experts to give it a sense of direction.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Fallacy of Equivocation

contributor:
Hitchcock, David
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
The central question of this thesis is when, if ever, the verdict that an argument commits the fallacy of equivocation is warranted, where a verdict is a final decision about whether or not an argument should be rejected. In order to answer this question, I develop five conditions under which such a verdict would be warranted. A verdict of equivocation is warranted only if (1) someone has drawn a conclusion from one or more premises; (2) the argument contains at least two tokens, x and y, of the same expression and x and y mean different things; (3) if x and y had the same meaning at each occurrence, then the conclusion would follow from the premises (unless there was some other reason for the argument to be invalid); (4) Given that x and y mean different things, then the conclusion does not follow from the premises; (5) The presence of a meaning shift between x and y (condition 2) is not open to serious debate. If these individually necessary and jointly sufficient conditions are met, then a verdict of equivocation is warranted. The argument should be rejected.

These conditions are developed only after a discussion of the concept of the fallacy of equivocation in chapter one and a discussion of several serious problems With the modem treatment of the fallacy of equivocation in chapter two. The third chapter is the development of the above conditions together With their justification, their application to the problems of chapter two and a discussion of possible objections to these conditions.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Decay of Neutron-activated Erbium Isotopes

contributor:
Johns, M. W.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
The modes of disintegration of four erbium isotopes will be discussed.

The simple decays of Er163, Er165, and Er169 have been investigated experimentally using scintillation spectrometer techniques. The disintegration of the fourth isotope, Er171, was analyzed using the high resolution beta-ray spectrometer. On the basis of the energy, intensity, and conversion coefficient measurements of the transitions in Tm171, an energy level scheme for this nucleus is proposed and interpreted according to the unified nuclear model.

In addition, a set of experiments will be discussed which were carried out in order to calibrate the high resolution beta-ray spectrometer for gamma-ray intensity measurements. Finally, the already published results of an investigation of the decay of Pm149 will be included.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Theory of Saturable Absorber Laser Mode-Locking

contributor:
Garside, B. K.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
The major purpose of the work described in this thesis is the development of a theoretical model for the mode-locked continuous (CW) and quasi-continuous lasers using a suitable saturable absorber, and the direct testing of the applicability of this model to some important systems.

In essence, the development of the theoretical model consists of three parts. First, the dynamical equations governing the laser operation are derived employing a semi-classical approach, where both the gain and absorber media are treated in the density matrix formalism and propagation of the electromagnetic radiation is governed by Maxwell's equations. Second, the possibility of achieving mode-locking is investigated by examining the stability of the time-invariant solutions of the dynamical equations against small perturbations. Finally, a finite difference approximation is employed as a means of solving the laser dynamical equations so that steady-state pulses (SSP) can be generated within the mode-locking regime.

A systematic study of the general behaviour of CW mode-locked lasers is undertaken. Such an investigation helps to provide an overall understanding of the physical mechanisms controlling the mode-locking process. In particular, the atomic coherent effects of the interactions between the radiation field and the active media are studied. Furthermore, the general procedure and techniques employed for the numerical analysis form the basic mathematical tool for handling specific systems.

The behaviour of mode-locked CW and flashlamp-pumped (FLP) dye lasers is investigated. It is verified directly that picosecond pulses can be generated from a CW dye laser with an absorber whose recovery time is several hundred picoseconds. Further, it is shown that under typical experimental conditions, the FLP dye lasers can be operated in the quasi-continuous regime where the output pulses are close to being SSP. Numerical results concerning the build-up process of the SSP are in good agreement with experimental observations.

As an integral part of our work, the interrelation between mode-locking and relaxation oscillations (passive Q-switching) is also discussed. It is shown that the passive Q-switching instability solutions follow as a special case of the analysis employed for saturable absorber mode-locking. The impact of the presence of passive Q-switching instabilities on the prediction of mode-locking instability regions is investigated. As a particular result of a study of the transition from a mode-locked to a passive Q-switched regime, it is suggested that relaxation oscillations from FLP dye lasers and mode-locking in suitable semiconductor lasers may be obtainable.

Finally, a number of suggestions on further research are proposed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: La question de la violence dans La Religieuse, dans Les Liaisons dangereuses, et dans Candide

contributor:
Hanley, W.
French

subject: French

subject: Other French and Francophone Language and Literature

abstract: Une lecture de trois romans du dix-huitlème siécle visant à préciser Ie rôle et la portée de la violence dans Ie siècle des Lumières d'après ces romans.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: DETERMINANTS OF THE MAGNITUDE OF TRAINING MEDIATED MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY

contributor:
Phillips, Stuart
Parise, Gianni
Gibala, Martin
Kinesiology

subject:
Muscle
Hypertrophy
Resistance Training
Stable isotope tracer
Exercise Physiology
Exercise Science
Molecular Biology
Sports Sciences
Exercise Physiology

abstract:
Chronic resistance training leads to muscle hypotrophy in a wide range of populations however most resistance training studies are relatively small in sample size

Three studies were conducted to better understand the sources of this variability. The first study employed a unilateral resistance training model to test the effects of relative training load and volume on the magnitude of hypertrophy and strength gains. This study showed that high relative training loads were no better than low training loads at inducing muscle hypertrophy provided that each set was performed to the point of muscular exhaustion. In agreement with previous finding, strength gains were greatest with the highest loads.

The next two studies attempted to correlate various putative regulators of muscle hypertrophy with the magnitude of hypertrophy after 16 weeks of training in 23 subjects. Study two showed no association between the acute responses of testosterone, GH or IGF-1 and muscle hypertrophy but did show associations with androgen receptor content and acute phosphorylation of p70S6K. This suggests that local rather than systemic processes are the most important regulators of muscle hypertrophy.

The third study tested whether the acute post exercise protein synthetic response to a single bout of resistance exercise is related to the magnitude of hypertrophy following training in the same subjects. Although previous work has shown that acute post exercise protein synthetic response is qualitatively similar to the magnitude of hypertrophy after chronic training with similar manipulations in different subjects, we did not see any relationship.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Children's Drawings in a Mashkeko Cree Community

contributor:
Preston, Richard
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This dissertation is an ethnography of Mashkeko ('Swampy Cree') children's art. Specifically, the way in which Cree-speaking children in Kashechewan - a small isolated community on the west coast of James Bay - use drawings as a form of discourse is discussed. Using techniques developed for the structural analysis of myths, the content and form of 200 drawings made by ten Mashkeko children aged 6-12 years are compared and contrasted to show some general characteristics of Mashkeko children's art. It is hypothesized that these drawings function in a way that is analogous to speech and writing. The theoretical relevance of this hypothesis to some current debates about the structure of language is discussed.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Action and Meaning: The New Synthesis of the Bhagavad Gita

contributor:
Younger, Paul
Religion

subject:
Indian Religious Tradition
Bhagavad Gita
Religion
Religion

abstract: The thesis shows in its historical introduction, that a serious split had developed in the Indian Religious Tradition between the actions necessary for achieving religious liberation (moksa) and the actions necessary for fulfilling the individual caste duty. The central. The central theme of the thesis is that the Bhagavad Gītā and in particular its central theme, karma-yoga, or action done with non-attachment to its results, establishes a new synthesis of action and meaning for the tradition.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Study of the Puranic Vratas

contributor:
Younger, P.
Granoff, P.
Religious Studies

subject:
Hinduism
lore
ritual practices
philosophy
myth
vrata-s
Religion
Religion

abstract:
Along with pilgrimage rituals vrata-s (a form of religious vow) are one of the major forms of religious observance in popular Hinduism. Details of how these vows should be practised, who may observe them and the merit that they confer are described in many of the Pura~as (compendia of Hindu religious lore, ritual practices, philosophy, myth, geneologies and so forth written in Sanskrit between c. 400 and 1400 A.D.).

In this thesis my aim has been to provide an explicit picture of the nature and function of these vrata-s within the Purānic context. In the first section I have traced the meaning of the term 'vrata' from its earliest usage in the Rgveda to its usage in the Puranas where it became identified with a religious observance involving fasting, pūjā (worship), and dāna (the giving of gifts) directed to a deity in return for religious merit, a favour (e.g., sons), or as a form of expiation. In the next section of the thesis a selection of vrata-s from four Puranas have been described. These vrata-s are then analyzed according to nine categories, including deity to whom the vrata is to be directed, ritual requirements of the vratee, and the purpose for which the vrata is to be undertaken.

In the process of researching this thesis certain prevalent ideas about the Purānic vrata-s found in secondary literature, such as the idea that these vrata-s are mainly directed to women or that low as well as high caste Hindus had equal privelege to observe them, were found to be misconceptions. A reason for the existence of these misconceptions is the tendency on the part of some writers to confuse sastric vrata-s (those sanctioned in the sacred texts) with popular or 'Folk' (laukika) vrata-s (those given less treatment or none at all in the texts).

This thesis has also addressed the controversy over whether vrata-s represent a popularization of Vedic religion or a 'Brahmanization' of popular religious practice. It was determined that the texts themselves do not provide conclusive evidence for either position. Rather, all one can say is that the vrata-s incorporate elements of both Vedic or 'Brahmanic' and non-Vedic thought and practices and that this kind of fusion is itself a characteristic of the Puran.a literature.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Comparative Analysis of Models for the Development of Higher Level Thinking Skills: A Textual Analysis of Plato's The Republic and Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives.

contributor:
Beattie, Catherine
Geagan, Dan
Teaching

subject: Plato

subject: Bloom's taxonomy

subject: students

subject: teachers

subject: learning and thinking

subject: Educational Methods

subject: Teacher Education and Professional Development

subject: Educational Methods

abstract:
This project has been developed using a parallel strategy. The first part of this project uses the concept of a model, taken from Ml. Finley's book Ancient History Evidence and Models, as the basis of a philosophical inquiry into the development of higher level thinking skills found in two paradigmatic models: Plato's Republic and Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. The Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. In analyzing, synthesizing, amalgamating and adapting some of the elements of these two models, the writer constructs a generic metamodel for the development of higher level thinking skills in students.

The second part of this project focusses on the development of 12 teacher-created lessons dealing with the topic of "Thinking About Thinking" for a Grade 8 Advisor class. The writer demonstrates how these lessons were implemented and provides samples of student work. She uses the "Student Development of Higher Level Thinking Skills Survey" as the basis of her interpretations and conclusions about the students' perception of the development of higher level thinking skills and the successes and weaknesses of the unit.

The rationale for this project sterns from the writers personal and professional experiences in education and from the writer's belief that there is a need to assist our students to develop higher level thinking skills in order to meet the challenges of the future. There is a need to make education more responsive to the needs of society and to ensure that our students will be able to face the challenges of the Twenty-First Century by being effective problem-solvers and effective thinkers. The project is written primarily for those educators and scholars interested in analyzing models of thinking and in developing models in the classroom to promote the development of higher level thinking skills among students.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Nickel bioaccumulation as a predictor of toxicity

contributor: Michael O'Donnell, Jim McGeer and Patty Gillis

subject:
Nickel
bioaccumulation
toxicity
aquatic toxicology
invertebrates
teleosts
Biology
Other Physiology
Toxicology
Biology

abstract:
Recently, the focus of metal toxicity has shifted from concentrations within the aqueous environment to bioaccumulation within the organism. In this regard, the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) relates the binding of metal at specific toxic sites (“ligands”) to eventual toxicity, whereas the Tissue Residue Approach (TRA) relates metal burdens at whole body, tissue, or subcellular levels to eventual toxicity. However, much less is currently known regarding Ni in comparison to other metals. This thesis addresses this knowledge gap by evaluating the use of Ni bioaccumulation as a predictor of toxicity in a number of fish and invertebrate species; bioaccumulation endpoints examined included Michaelis-Menten uptake parameters (Kd, Bmax), a BLM parameter (log KNIBL values) and critical body residues (CBR50 values)

More sensitive species exhibited higher binding affinities and lower binding capacities for Ni. In invertebrates, a strong overall correlation was observed between log KNiBL values for whole organism binding and acute toxicity to the extent that measurement of toxicity was an acceptable alternative to measurement of binding affinity, and vice versa. However, in two teleosts, the same comparison showed that a Ni BLM built on bioaccumulation would be more protective than one built on toxicity. The results further validated a central concept of the BLM - that short term metal bioaccumulation is predictive of longer term toxicity. Acute (96-h) Ni bioaccumulation predicted chronic (15 or 30-day) mortality in both salt and fresh water. In the latter, acute (96-h) sub-cellular bioaccumulations of Ni in either biologically active (BAM) or biologically inactive metal pools (BIM) of one fish species (round goby) were also predictive of 30-d mortality. However, goby were more sensitive to Ni bioaccumulation in the BAM versus BIM fraction.

This thesis advances the use of bioaccumulation as a predictor of Ni toxicity and may have implications for metal toxicity frameworks such as the BLM and TRA.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Development of Vision-Based Inferential Sensors for Process Monitoring and Control

contributor:
MacGregor, F.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
This thesis develops inferential sensors for on-line process monitoring and control based on multivariate image analysis. Several methodologies based on multivariate statistical methods, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS), are developed to efficiently extract information in real-time from time varying images and to predict process and product properties. The inferential sensors developed based on these methodologies are showen to be sufficient for on-line monitoring and feedback control as illustrated through two industrial applications: snack food processes and flame monitoring. These methods can be easily extended and used for a wide variety of other on-line monitoring and control problems.

In the snack food applications features are extracted from RGB color images and used in predicting the average coating concentration on the product and the coating coverage distribution over the product pieces. Data collected using both on-line and off-line imaging from several different snack food product lines are used to develop and evaluate the approaches. Results of successful monitoring and control from the on-line applications to the industrial processes are shown. Several robustness issues such as detection of model inadequacy and on-line correction are also discussed. Preliminary results on the prediction of organileptic properties (taste and texture of snack foods) are shown as well.

In the flame application, an on-line digital imaging system is developed for monitoring a turbulent nonpremixed flame in an industrial boiler. By using PCA score plots stable information can be obtained for highly fluctuating flame images. A feature extraction approach is proposed to extract the information from the flame color images. The information extracted from the images is then used to successfully predict the performance of the boiler system, such as the energy content of the fuel, and the concentration of NOx and SO2 emissions in the off-gas using PLS regression. Results show that flame images contain a large amount of information that is useful for monitoring the performance of the boiler system. The approach is very general and can be applied to a wide range of combustion processes.

A general framework for building vision-based inferential sensors for monitoring and control of process and product properties using multivariate image analysis is presented. The applications to the snack food processes and the flame monitoring system are shown to fit into this general framework.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Heat-Affected Zone Softening Kinetics in Dual-Phase and Martensitic Steels

contributor:
McDermid, J.R.
Embury, J.D.
Zhou, Y.N.
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
HAZ softening
dual-phase steel
martensite tempering
JMAK Equation
Transformation kinetics
Martensite
Metallurgy
Metallurgy

abstract:
Advanced high strength steels, such as dual-phase and martensitic steels, are increasingly being used by automakers to decrease the thickness of steel sheet used in parts without sacrificing part strength. When welded, the martensite within the dual-phase and martensitic steel microstructures tempers, reducing the heat-affected zone (HAZ) hardness compared to the base material, locally reducing strength. This process is known as HAZ softening. HAZ softening has been well studied; however, the kinetics of this process has not been quantified and the processes responsible for HAZ softening have not been examined. This thesis investigated both of these topics.

HAZ softening was modelled using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation. As the thermal profile during welding is non-isothermal, the effects of temperature and time on steel tempering kinetics could not be separated by examining post-welded properties. The effects of tempering temperature and time were separated through a series rapid isothermal tempering experiments. Hardness data from these experiments allowed the HAZ softening rate to be empirically quantified through fitting the JMAK equation. This material model was then validated by predicting HAZ softening in laser and resistance spot welds. Although the fitted JMAK constants could be used to predict post-weld HAZ hardness, they did not agree with the classic literature values associated with martensite tempering.

To understand why the JMAK coefficients did not match those of the classic martensite tempering literature, the softening data from one of the martensitic steels was re-examined. This study revealed that the softening process was a combination of two processes: carbide nucleation and carbide coarsening. The activation energies calculated for each process matched the classic literature values. Carbide coarsening dominated during tempering, which had a non-linear relation with change in hardness. The relationship between carbide coarsening and hardness was responsible for the softening kinetics measured from the rapid tempering experiments.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Job Dissatisfaction in a Hospital Setting: Testing the Social Support Model

contributor:
Archibald, Peter W.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the potential advantages of the "social support model." This model specifies that social supports may mitigate the effects of stressors (e.g., role conflict, role ambiguity) on negative outcomes such as job dissatisfaction. An attempt is made to determine the extent to which an empirical analysis based on the "social support model" permits a more adequate explanation of two measures of job dissatisfaction than that achieved when social supports are omitted from the investigation.

A secondary analysis of data from a study of acute-care hospital employees provides partial support for the contention that the inclusion of social supports in an empirical analysis accounts for a statistically significant increment in explained variance. The analysis reveals that social supports in general and supervisor support (for achievement) in particular have significant impacts on the "general job dissatisfaction" measure. Alternatively, these relationships are not discovered to exist when the dependent variable is "dissatisfaction with job expectations." In a more rigorous test of the social support model, interaction terms are entered into regression equations. The results do not indicate that social supports systematically buffer the effects of stressors.

When compared to the effects of the social support variables, the stressor variables account for a greater amount of variance in the analysis of each of the two measures of job dissatisfaction. The findings on the stressors suggest that the nature of work roles and decision making are the most important determinants of job-related affect. In sum, the results are largely consistent with previous research on: stressors, buffering effects, and the social support model (for one of the two dependent variables).

The conclusion recommends avenues for future research and addresses a largely neglected issue: why there has been a proliferation of social support research over this past decade.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Ties That Bind: The Domino Theory in American Foreign Policy, 1947 - 1968.

contributor:
Campbell, John P.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
American foreign policy is guided by many interests and ideas. The strongest of these interests is national security, and one of the most persistent ideas of Cold War policy, the domino- theory, is inexorably linked to it. Since World War Two, the United States has intervened in civil wars, revolutions, and political uprisings in nonaligned and Third World nations on the assumption that it has strategic, economic, and ideological interests in these areas. It has frequently used the domino theory to justify these interventions.

operating on the assumption that the domino theory was globally applied, this thesis examines the use of the domino theory in three such interventions. Chapter 1 explores the formulation of the Truman Doctrine for Greece and Turkey in 1946; Chapter 2 is an analysis of "Operation PBSUCCESS", the CIA's coup in Guatemala in 1954; and Chapter 3 examines the growing commitment to contain Vietnamese Communism from 1949 to 1968. Within each of these chapters, media reaction to the domino theory, and the effect that this attention may have had on the theory's fortunes is also considered.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A People's Sense of Sacred: Catholic Identity and its Relationship to the Catholic Church Building

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This thesis examines the Catholic identity of seventy Roman Catholics and how they see that identity expressed in their church buildings. These Catholics have conveyed strong emotions about their relationship with the God they have come to experience in their churches. Since the Second Vatican Council, many of their familiar religious symbols and ceremonies have been adjusted, removed or replaced. This has often left the participants expressing confusion or hurt.

This thesis recommends that pastors and liturgists benefit from some of the applied methodologies of cultural anthropology by listening to the voices of their parishioners and by sharing in their feelings that reflect the importance of these symbols. It is proposed that change and renewal may be more successful when such a process is employed.

The author interviewed forty Catholics in his own parish, a parish he knew well. Later, thirty other Catholics were asked to contribute their input. These additional voices were chosen from three parishes that had different experiences of the liturgical renewal as it affected their church buildings. The entire interview procedure took six months to complete.

The author does not propose that these seventy Catholics represent the opinions of all Catholics on the topic of Catholic identity. Proper cultural anthropological technique would demand a much longer exposure to the customs and experience of even these Catholics so that richer field notes could be assembled. The author was also aware of bias that may have existed in his role of priest/interviewer talking to parishioner/Catholic. These concerns were kept in mind as the work proceeded.

What does emerge from the research is the benefit of applying social science methodology to Christian ministry. The process of critical self-reflection affects the minister and his/her relationship with the congregation. Relationships can lead to trust, healing and understanding. The major conclusion of this research indicates that when these three elements are active, a more successful implementation of liturgical reform will be possible.

The statements that have been made by these Catholics about their Catholic identity may have a much broader implication. It may prove beneficial compare them to the voices that are heard from other congregations. The results of such studies may yield similar results concerning religious identity as it relates to the experience of the house of God.

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: An Investigation of the Crystal Structure of Cd2P2O7 and Cd2V2O7

contributor:
Calvo, C.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
Cd2P2O7 has been found to belong to the space group Γ 1. The structure has a bent P-O(b)-P bond angle for the anion with the central oxygen O(b) close to sp2 hybridization. The two PO4 tetrahedra forming the anion are eclipsed. The cadmium atoms are sixfold co-ordinated to oxygen atoms forming two types of distorted octahedra.

Cd2V2O7 belongs to the monoclinic space group C 2/m. As with most structures in the thortveitite series that have been determined, the central oxygen in V2O74- ion shows enhanced thermal motion. The cadmium atoms are also sixfold co-ordinated to oxygen atoms forming distorted octahedra.

The bonding in P2O74- ion is discussed with reference to values predicted by Cruickshank, and those in the V2O74- ion compared with values calculated by Barnes and Bachmann.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)