title: Seasonal Changes in Photosynthesis in the Lichen Peltigera Rufescens

contributor:
Kershaw, K.A.
Biology

subject:
Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Physical Sciences and Mathematics

abstract: The seasonal response of net photosynthesis to temperature, light and moisture has been examined in two populations of the lichen Peltigera rufescens. The sub-arctic population had a temperature optimum of 35°C and no seasonal changed in the photosynthetic response were observed. In contrast, the gas exchange rate did change on a seasonal basis in the second population studied (from a temperate climatic zone). In this population, the temperature optimum for the net photosynthesis shifted from 25°C in the winder to 35°C in the summer. This seasonal change can be induced in the laboratory storing the lichen under appropriate temperature and photoperiod conditions. This change was shown, with the use of photosynthetic-illumination curves, to be restricted to alterations in the light saturated rates of net photosynthesis only, indicating that the acclimation process resulted from a change in the dark reactions of photosynthesis. This hypothesis was further investigated with studies on an important rate controlling enzyme of the Calvin cycle, fructose-1, 6-bisohosphatase. This enzyme was purified from summer and winter collections of the temperate population of P. rufescens and the total activity, thermal stability, substrate affinity and activation energy was compared in these isolates. It was shown that the temperature response of the Km for this enzyme closely paralleled the net photosynthetic response and that the activation energy was lower in the summer form of the enzyme. These kinetic differences largely explain the seasonal change in net photosynthetic capacity observed in the temperate population and support the enzymatic theory of acclimation suggested by the photosynthetic-illumination curves.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Organizing, and documenting component-oriented toolkits

contributor:
Parnas, David Lorge
Janicki, Ryszard
Mohrenschildt, Martin von
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract: Component-Oriented Software Technology started to emerge during the last few years. The purpose is to make it easier to build new applications from existing components that can be obtained from Component-Oriented Toolkits (CO-Toolkits for short). Experience shows that CO-Toolkits are hard to understand and use. Therefore, developers would write their own code from scratch using programming languages that they know instead of using components from such CO-Toolkits. In this research, we have used ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE for short)--as an example of CO-Toolkits--to establish a set of initial assumptions for good design practice from the perspective of their file structures, design and implementation, and documentation of CO-Toolkits. Then (i) we show how to formalize rules for good file structures, design and implementation, and documentation that are based on these initial assumptions, (ii) we show that checking tools can be built based on these formalized rules, and then (iii) we demonstrate that such tools can be used to check existing CO-Toolkits code and report any rule violations back to developers.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Expression in E. Coli of a cDNA Encoding the Growth Hormone in Rainbow Trout

contributor:
Chen, T.T.
Biology

abstract:
RNA blot analysis, cell-free translation and protein immunoblot analyses were used to characterize mRNA purified from pituitary glands of rapidly growing rainbow trout. Cell-free translation products of total pituitary RNA, analyzed by direct immunoprecipitation or protein immunoblot analysis with an antiserum to chum salmon GH, indicated that the rainbow trout pre-GH is a polypeptide of 25 kDa. RNA blot analysis competitor, revealed the presence of at least four size classes of pituitary-specific RNA sequences. The abundant class of mRNA had a size immunoblot analysis, it was found that the GH mRNA size class. Furthermore, the size of the GH mRNA of rainbow trout is similar to that of mammalian GH mRNA.

The immunochemical reactivity of rainbow trout GH with antiserum to other GH was also determined. Results of this study indicate that antisera to mammalian GH crossreact poorly with rainbow trout GH. This observation correlates with the inability of any of the mammalian GH nucleic acid probe sequences to hybridize with a specific mRNA in the pituitary gland of rainbow trout. On the other hand, antiserum to chum salmon GH shows good crossreactivity with rainbow trout GH present in cell-free translation products programmed by rainbow trout pituitary RNA or in extracts of rainbow trout pituitary glands. Several attempts were made to construct a cDNA library using total pituitary RNA of rapidly growing rainbow trout. The early attempts were unsuccessful and reasons for the failures are discussed. Subsequently, a simplified method for the synthesis and cloning of cDNA was developed. A library containing approximately 30,000 recombinant clones was obtained following this procedure. A simple immuno-screening procedure using an antiserum to chum salmon GH as probe was also developed and serveral recombinant clones carrying the complimentary DNA sequence of rainbow trout GH mRNA were isolated. One clone, designated pAF51, was found to program the synthesis of an immunoreactive polypeptide of 24kDa and contains a cDNA insert of approximately 900bp. The cDNA sequence in pAF51 was determined by direct super-coiled plasmid sequencing. The cloned sequence encode, a hybrid polypeptide that includes the first 9 amino acid residues of the E. coli B-galactosidase a portion of the predicted signal peptide of the rainbow trout pre-GH and the entire sequence of the mature GH polypeptide. The primary structure of the mature GH polypeptide predicted from the rainbow trout GH cDNA sequence shows complete homology with the chum salmon GH and weak homology to the primary structures of the mammalian GH. The tertiary structure of the rainbow trout GH was also compared with other GH polypeptides. The pairwise comparisons of the hydropathy profiles of bovine, human, rat and rainbow trout GH polypeptides indicate that regions of similarity exist between the rainbow trout GH and the mammalian GH. In particular, there are two major regions of similarity found near the amino terminal and at the carboxyl terminal region. These regions correspond to hydrophilic domains of the GH molecules. The significance of these domains is discussed.

The biological activity of the rainbow trout GH synthesized in bacteria was tested in vivo. The chimeric hormone was partially purified from extracts of E. coli harboring plasmid pAF51. The hormone was administered to intact fingerling and yearling rainbow trout by intra-peritoneal injection, and to fry by the dip methoid. The results from the in vivo test indicate that the chimeric GH is biologically active with respect to its growth promoting activity; a marked enhancement of growth was seen in GH-treated fish. A dose of hormone as low as 0.2 ug/g of body weight when administered by injection of 50 ug/l GH when administered by dipping is sufficient to promote enchanced growth. However, high dosages used in this study consistently exhibited the least induction of growth, althought significantly higher than the controls. Certain morphological and behavioral effects were also observed. Analysis of compositiion of muscle tissue obtained from GH-treated and untreated fish indicated no detectable difference in tissue quality.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Effect of Ozonation on the Biodegradability of Refractory Organic Substances in Water

contributor:
Benedek, Andrew
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
Most sources of drinking water supply contain dilute concentrations of natural and synthetic organic substances which are not readily degraded by micro-organisms. Many of these compounds are known or suspected carcinogens, and/or may act as precursors for the formation of chlorinated hydrocarbons during the chlorination disinfection processes practiced in water treatment plants. The removal of these substances prior to chlorination is therefore desirable.

The objective of this study was to test the claim that the oxidation of these organic substances by ozone results in the formation of more readily biodegradable compounds. A 25 ℓ laboratory ozone contactor was designed and built to simulate the ozonation process in a typical water treatment plant. The apparatus was used to ozonate samples of surface water and dilute synthetic aqueous solutions at applied doses ranging from 20 mg/ℓ to 40 mg/x. The biodegradability of ozonated and unozonated 10 ℓ samples was then evaluated in electrolytic respirometers, based on the changes in soluble Total Organic Carbon, Chemical Oxygen Demand, UV absorbance, and Biochemical Oxygen Uptake measurement.

The ozonation system successfully simulated full scale operating conditions, achieving greater than 90% ozone utilization. Total Organic Carbon removal was described by a first order system with reaction rate constants ranging from 0.0041 min‾¹ to 0.023 min‾¹.

Ozonation was found to improve the biodegradability of refractive organic substances in the three water sources examined. However the results show considerable variation depending on the particular source ozonated. Generally higher applied ozone doses improved biodegradability. Total Organic Carbon removal for the combined ozonation/biodegradation process ranged from 10% to 70% depending on the specific ozone dose and water source.

For oxygen uptakes less than 2 mg/ℓ the respirometry equipment provided only qualitative evidence of bacterial activity. It is recommended that further studies should evaluate the use of an electrolytic respirometer which is independent of atmospheric pressure fluctuations.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Stereotypy of a Spatial Operant in Pigeons and the Law of Effect

contributor:
Platt, John R.
Psychology

abstract: The consequences of food reinforcement in pigeons were studied on a circular response continuum in which 72 possible keypeck responses were equated for effort. When every keypeck was rewarded equally, the pigeons did not come to peck in any particular location in the response continuum, contrary to expectations from the Law of Effect. Instead, they spread their keypecks over the entire continuum. Likewise, when a randomly-selected 20% of their keypecks were reinforced, the pigeons did not progressively concentrate their keypecks in any particular location. Successful shaping of keypecking to 12 evenly-spaced target locations shows that the pigeons could discriminate between different locations, and that they could be shaped to respond to each of the locations equally well. When it was discovered that each pigeon was making shifts between keys from trial to trial which were consistent in direction and magnitude, these shifts were also examined for progressive stereotypy. None was found in their behavior either. Successful shaping of particular size and direction of shifts showed that this behavior could be controlled by reinforcement, although not precisely as location of pecking. Analysis of shifts following reinforced and non-reinforced trials in the random-reinforcement and location shaping conditions revealed a tendency for the pigeons to make consistent small shifts following reinforced trials, and more diffuse and much larger shifts following non-reinforced trials. Small consistent shifts were also generally found when every trial was reinforced, and large diffuse shifts when no trials were reinforced. These findings were discussed in relation to reinforcement theory, and also to optimal foraging theory.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Feeding practice guidelines for premature infants less than 1500 grams: Efficacy and safety

contributor:
Fox-Threlkeld, J.
Nursing

subject: Nursing Nursing

abstract: Objectives . To evaluate the efficacy and safety of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for the nutritional management of very low birth weight infants. Study design and method . A before and after matched cohort study was conducted. During the study periods, 1996/1997 and 1998/1999, data were collected on infants enrolled in the Standard Practice group and CPG group, respectively. CPG were introduced in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in-between these two study periods. Infants <1500 grams admitted to the NICU who had no major congenital anomalies were enrolled. Data on the first 100 babies who could be matched on birth weight (+/- 100 grams), and gestational age (+/- 1 week) were analyzed. Results . There was no statistically significant difference between infants in the Standard Practice and CPG groups in: age when feeds were commenced, time to full feeds, the number of feeding interruptions related to feeding intolerance, days on total parenteral nutrition, days to regain birth weight, or days to discharge from hospital. No significant differences were found in the incidence of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, or use of erythromycin. The difference in the use of cisapride was reflective of a change in unit policy rather than the effect of the implementation of CPG. Conclusions . The findings of this study supported the null hypothesis postulated a priori. Infants may be unresponsive to changes in feeding practices because the state of immaturity of the gastrointestinal system limits the infant's response to such changes. Inconsistent use of CPG may also explain the findings of this study. A more rigorous study design which includes measurements of relative effectiveness of CPG is needed in order to evaluate the utility of the guidelines, process of care, quality of care, and parent/patient satisfaction.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Pedogogy of Conciliation in the Bhāgavata Purāna A "Sporting" Way of Understanding Jňana-Yoga

contributor:
Younger, Paul
Kinsley, David
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
Of the eighteen traditionally recognized Purānas in Indian religious literature, the Bhāgavata is indisputably the most famous. Scholarly consensus (van Buitenen, T.J. Hopkins, Winternitz, Farquhar, et. al.) regards the text as being a "unified composition" of twelve skandhas (books) or 18,000 verses written about the 10th century A.D. is Southern India. This places the Purāna in a cultural context which had come under the popular and powerful influence of the Ālvār and Nāyanār bhakti saints and of the renowned teacher, Śankarācārya. Added to this was the presence of Vedic brahmins from the north whose migration had been supported by southern kings and whose teachings had become respected as normative for those societies. Although many of these Smārta brahmins, as they were called, were theistic, they carefully defined themselves off from sectarian groups such as the Vaisnavites who worshipped only Visnu.

What will be investigated in this study is the Vaisnavite response to the challenge presented by the Advaitin (non-dualist) teachings of Śankara being spread by the respected Smārta tradition. More specifically, the aim of this thesis is to explore the pedagogy employed by the Vaisnavite author of the Bhāgavata Purāna in presenting a conciliatory understanding of the relationship between the teachings of bhakti and the doctrines of the Smārtas.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Chemically Induced Grain Boundary Migration in Alloy Systems

contributor:
Purdy, G.R.
Materials Science

abstract: This thesis describes the phenomenon of chemically induced grain boundary migration, a process in which a grain boundary migrates in response to a chemical driving force. The migration characteristics from various binary alloy systems are documented, especially in the aluminum-zinc system where extensive measurements have been made in both static and dynamic situations. The dynamics of chemically induced grain boundary migration are also studied in conjunction with the growth of a second phase, a situation referred to as discontinuous precipitation. It is suggested that the force which is responsible for moving the boundary reveals different facets of itself for different cases. The facets of itself for different cases. The facets are extremes in the chemical force levels; one is at a low level and is suggested to be derived from coherency strains when solute penetration into the bulk is significant. The other force is a high level force and which originates from large concentration differences which exist across the boundary at low volume penetration levels. It is uncertain whether the transition between the two chemical driving force levels is continuous or discontinuous since the transition ranges are small. Elastic anisotropy is suggested to be responsible for the initiation of migration due to an unbalanced coherent strain energy present across the boundary. The migration process has been modeled macroscopically and computer simulated. At this time, current models of grain boundary structure are suggested to be inadequate to account for the coupling of a chemical force to grain boundary structural components.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Physiological, psychological and behavioural responses of males to cues of sperm competition

contributor:
Daly, M.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: Sperm competition theory predicts that males should adjust the number of sperm they inseminate according to the risk of sperm competition. There is experimental evidence that adaptive sperm allocation occurs in many species. However, little attention has been paid to the physiological, psychological and behavioural mechanisms that may allow males to regulate the number of sperm they deliver from one copulation to the next in response to cues of sperm competition risk. The focus of the research reported in this thesis was the elucidation of such mechanisms. A comparative electrophysiological study is reported that demonstrates that the reproductive systems of two related rodent species differ in a way that can be interpreted as a reflection of differential exposure to sperm competition as a selective pressure during their evolutionary histories. Based on this finding it is argued that endogenous opioid systems may be involved in adaptive sperm allocation. In addition, data are presented that indicate that human males are sexually aroused by visual stimuli that would have been reliable cues of increased sperm competition risk in ancestral environments along with an experimental demonstration that human semen parameters can be affected by the nature of the visual stimulation present during specimen production, a finding that may have important clinical implications. Finally, it is shown that there is a relationship between the duration of pre-ejaculatory arousal and the number of sperm in a human male's ejaculate. Consequently, behavioural changes that affect the duration of pre-ejaculatory sexual arousal could potentially be involved in the adaptive regulation of semen parameters in response to changes in the risk of sperm competition.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Silicon-based optoelectronics: Monolithic integration for WDM

contributor:
Jessop, Paul E.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: This thesis details the development of enabling technologies required for inexpensive, monolithic integration of Si-based wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) components and photodetectors. The work involves the design and fabrication of arrayed waveguide grating demultiplexers in silicon-on-insulator (SOI), the development of advanced SiGe photodetectors capable of photodetection at 1.55 μm wavelengths, and the development of a low cost fabrication technique that enables the high volume production of Si-based photonic components. Arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) demultiplexers were designed and fabricated in SOI. The fabrication of AWGs in SOI has been reported in the literature, however there are a number of design issues specific to the SOI material system that can have a large effect on device performance and design, and have not been theoretically examined in earlier work. The SOI AWGs presented in this thesis are the smallest devices of this type reported, and they exhibit performance acceptable for commercial applications. The SiGe photodetectors reported in the literature exhibit extremely low responsivities at wavelengths near 1.55 μm. We present the first use of three dimensional growth modes to enhance the photoresponse of SiGe at 1.55 μm wavelengths. Metal semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors were fabricated using this undulating quantum well structure, and demonstrate the highest responsivities yet reported for a SiGe-based photodetector at 1.55 μm. These detectors were monolithically integrated with low-loss SOI waveguides, enabling integration with nearly any Si-based passive WDM component. The pursuit of inexpensive Si-based photonic components also requires the development of new manufacturing techniques that are more suitable for high volume production. This thesis presents the development of a low cost fabrication technique based on the local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS), a standard processing technique used for Si integrated circuits. This process is developed for both SiGe and SOI waveguides, but is shown to be commercially suitable only for SOI waveguide devices. The technique allows nearly any Si microelectronics fabrication facility to begin manufacturing optical components with minimal change in processing equipment or techniques. These enabling technologies provide the critical elements for inexpensive, monolithic integration in a Si-based system.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Madness, Masculinity and the Modern Individual: Paranoia and Gender in mid-Twentieth-century Narrative

contributor:
Adamson, Joseph
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
What if Freud were right? What if his identification of homosexual denial--the fear of being changed from a man into a woman--as the psychogenetic mechanism of paranoia is not an embarrassing example of Freud's naive sexual reductionism, but an indicator of something more interesting: of a pattern of culturally hegemonic narrative convention linking a certain kind of masculinity to a certain kind of body to a certain kind of thinking, a pattern that fundamentally informs dominant articulations of sexuality, corporeality and agency in the first half of the twentieth-century? This study examines the way in which gender is configured in certain narrative patterns available for expressing self-understanding in the late nineteenth and early to mid-twentieth century. Noticing the way in which Freud's notion of paranoia yokes a profoundly isolated, anxious and radically suspicious subject to the fear of being changed, physically, from a man into a woman, the project follows this path in both directions, looking both at the way in which the paranoid "attitude" is enmeshed in larger cultural patterns of self-understanding and with cultural anxieties about the relation of "masculinity" to the male body.

After providing an account of the ways in which paranoia has been used, the project considers the way this connection between masculine anxiety and paranoid suspicion is figured in the narrative of Freud's paradigmatic paranoid, Dr. Schreber, and the way those figures are reproduced in Freud's own thought. Next, I examine the hard-boiled detective genre through Raymond Chandler's The Long Goodbye to articulate the ways in which this relationship between masculinity and characteristically paranoid self-understanding was narratively configured as a model of popular heroism. Finally I look at the way in which the terms of "paranoid" masculinity inform narratives that attempt to articulate exactly that which Schreber most feared: the physical change from a man into a woman. The autobiographies of early male to female transsexuals, I argue, work within the gender framework that informs both Schreber and Freud's understanding of sexuality, while inverting the valuation of "masculinity" and the significance of the male body.

This study explores the way in which the latently paranoid narrative these two different mid-twentieth century genres functions in three ways to structure self-understanding: (i) in establishing the nature of valid individuality with regard to some kind of extra-individual agency, (ii) in establishing the relation of that individuality to a notion of masculinity associated with (among other things) a privileging of the active over the passive and instrumental (intellectual) over empathetic object relations, and, (iii) with establishing narratorial legitimacy by indicating, via a first person protagonist that works to establish itself as a figure of identification, that true reality is not what is apparent or culturally understood to be true, but is in fact a deep structure formed in accordance with a powerful, hidden Agent with a special connection to the protagonist/narrator.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Scripting native genius: Medieval poetry and the making of British identity, 1760--1785

contributor:
Bowerbank, Sylvia
English

abstract: The past two decades have seen a growing interest in the formation of British identity in the eighteenth-century. Benedict Anderson drew attention to the arbitrary nature of national identity in his influential Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (1983), and historians such as Linda Colley, Gerald Newman, and Murray Pittock, among others, have since examined some of the salient issues aiding and resisting the emergence of a coherent sense of Britishness in the eighteenth-century. Literary historians, such as Howard Weinbrot and Katie Trumpener, have begun to explore the role poetry and novels have played in such conceptions of nation. In this study, I build on these initiatives by probing how literary antiquarianism contributed to Britain's emerging nationalism. More specifically, I investigate the tenor, complexion, and scope of the reinventions of the "Gothic" past in selected medieval poetical collections of the latter part of the century. By bringing into relief the national issues at play in collections by James Macpherson, Thomas Percy, Thomas Warton, Evan Evans, and Thomas Chatterton, I illustrate how what seem to be mere debates over literary criticism are indeed pivotal struggles over the way Britishness was being produced. Macpherson's celebration of Celtic liberty in his Ossian poems undermines England's Saxon ancestry; Evan Evans' insistence on the distinct society of the Britons in Wales resists English attempts to absorb Wales' poetic tradition; Percy and Warton construct an assimilative model of the progress of genius that seeks to elide boundaries of difference within Britain; and Chatterton's Rowley poems contrast Bristol's resilient Saxon past with London's Norman influences. Germane to my study is an inquiry into the notion of "Gothic" liberty that was fuelling British nationalism in the first part of the eighteenth century. Built on the idea that the Saxons brought a spirit of liberty with them to England which expedited the rise of Protestantism and the success of the Parliamentary system, "Gothic" liberty was espoused by those with English sympathies. Although works such as James Thomson's "Rule, Britannia" (1740) sought to incorporate all of Britain into this "Gothic" vision, those with allegiances to Celtic identities--the Britons in Wales and the Highland Gaels in particular--were resistant to such a homogenizing notion. The production of medieval poetical collections, beginning with Macpherson's controversial Fragments of Ancient Poetry (1760), drew attention to the ancient divisions haunting Britain's past. As these poetical collections reframed, rehabilitated, and reimagined Britain's medieval past, they manipulated the fraught issues of identity that could either invigorate or threaten to puncture the carefully-cultivated image of the British nation. My study directly compares how these projects promoted competing versions of Britishness, and traces how debates over their "authenticity" ultimately shaped a national approach to literary criticism.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A study of flow boiling phenomena using real time neutron radiography

contributor:
Chang, J.S.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: The operation and safety of both fossil-fuel and nuclear power stations depend on adequate cooling of the thermal source involved. This is usually accomplished using liquid coolants that are forced through the high temperature regions by a pumping system; this fluid then transports the thermal energy to another section of the power station. However, fluids that undergo boiling during this process create vapor that can be detrimental, and influence safe operation of other system components. The behavior of this vapor, or void, as it is generated and transported through the system is critical in predicting the operational and safety performance. This study uses two advanced penetrating radiation techniques, Real Time Neutron Radiography (RTNR), and High Speed X-Ray Tomography (HS-XCT), to examine void generation and transport behavior in a flow boiling system. The geometries studied were tube side flow boiling in a cylindrical configuration, and a similar flow channel with an internal twisted tape swirl flow generator. The heat transfer performance and pressure drop characteristics were monitored in addition to void distribution measurements, so that the impact of void distribution could be determined. The RTNR and heat transfer pipe flow studies were conducted using boiling Refrigerant 134a at pressures from 500 to 700 kPa, inlet subcooling from 3 to 12°C and mass fluxes from 55 to 170kg/m 2 -s with heat fluxes up to 40 kW/m2 . RTNR and HS-XCT were used to measure the distribution and size of the vapor phases in the channel for cylindrical tube-side flow boiling and swirl-flow boiling geometries. The results clearly show that the averaged void is similar for both geometries, but that there is a significant difference in the void distribution, velocity and transport behavior from one configuration to the next. Specifically, the void distribution during flow boiling in a cylindrical-tube test section showed that the void fraction was largest near the tube center and decreased with increasing radial distance. For swirling flow, the void concentration was highest in the center of each subchannel formed by the twisted tape insert, producing two local void maxima at each axial position. Furthermore, the instantaneous RTNR results show that the effects of bubble agglomeration change from one geometry to the next. To further examine the application of RTNR for void distribution measurement, both vertical and horizontal orientations were examined. These experimental results show similar cross sectional averaged axial distributions of the void fraction but significant differences in the local void behavior. The HS-XCT experiments were conducted on swirl-flow boiling of Refrigerant 123 at similar conditions as the RTNR experiments. These tests were conducted to qualitatively compare and verify the void distribution and behavior obtained using RTNR techniques. The HS-XCT results verify that during smooth flow boiling in a vertical tube the void tends to concentrate in the center of the channel and decrease outward to the channel walls. For swirl flow, the void tends to concentrate near the center of each subchannel formed by the twisted tape. Furthermore, wall region void fraction for smooth-flow boiling was significantly higher than swirling flow conditions due to the significant centrifugal forces present in swirl-flow. These centrifugal forces may improve the heat transfer and dryout behavior during swirl-flow conditions. This work contributes to the development of two-phase flow diagnostics based on penetrating radiative techniques, i.e., RTNR and HS-XCT for void distribution measurement, and enhances the knowledge of flow boiling systems. The application of HS-XCT and RTNR for the study of flow boiling phenomena using smooth and swirl-flow geometries has clearly demonstrated that differences in local void distribution result in differences in heat transfer behavior.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Design of Sanitary Sewer Systems by Dynamic Programming

contributor: Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics

subject:
Civil Engineering
Engineering Mechanics
Civil Engineering

abstract:
The project report examines the design criteria and procedures currently used in the design of sanitary sewer systems. A review of literature concentrates on procedures for the automated design of sanitary sewer systems. From the literature review, it is concluded that the cost optimisation of a variable layout together with details of sewer sizes and vertical alignment is not practicaI.

The major part of the project is the development of a program which employs dynamic programming in a multi-pass mode to optimise the cost of a branched sanitary sewer system of fixed layout. The program permits some user flexibility by allowing options for defining cost data and design criteria. Detailed documentation for operating the program is provided. A critical appraisal of the effectiveness of the algorithm and a comparison with other programs which use the dynamic programming technique is presented: A measure of the sensitivity of the optimal policy to changes in the cost structure is examined.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Cell Surface Protein Changes Associated with HSV-2 Transformation

contributor:
Branton, Philip E.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
In these studies the cell surface proteins of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) transformed hamster embryo fibroblasts (HaEF) were examined using a variety of radioactive isotope labeling techniques with subsequent analysis on sodium-dodecyl sulphate- polyacrylamide slab gels. As well, a number of biological parameters of these cells lines were investigated including cell morphology, doubling time, saturation density, and tumourigenecity.

Cell surface iodination performed on the series of HSV-2 transformed HaEF revealed at least three cell surface alterations. One such protein was the major iodinated species of 220,000 daltons commonly called LETS. LETS was reduced in the transformed lines. All transformed lines contained less than 50% of the level of LETS found in normal secondary HaEF.

A variation was found for the HSV-2 transformed cells in their ability to produce tumours. A relationship was observed between tumour-forming ability and the growth properties of cell doubling time and saturation density. The more tumourigenic lines grew to higher saturation densities and doubled their numbers in the shortest time. In the HSV-2 transformed lines a correlation was also found between the amounts of LETS protein on the surface of the cells and tumourigenecity. The amount of LETS present was considerably greater for the weakly tumourigenic lines than for the more tumourgenic lines.

There were few protein changes detected when whole cells labeled with 35S-methionine were examined, however, numerous alterations were evident when isolated plasma membranes from normal, secondary HaEF and the various HSV-2 transformed lines labeled with 35 S-methionine or inorganic 32P-phosphate were analyzed. These latter studies indicated that several plasma membrane protein changes are associated with HSV-2 transformation.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Communities apart: Dissenting traditions in nineteenth-century central Canada

contributor:
Gauvreau, Michael
History

subject: History History

abstract: "Communities Apart: Dissenting Traditions in Nineteenth-Century Central Canada" studies the relationship between five Dissenting Protestant groups--the Quakers, Children of Peace, Disciples of Christ, Millerites and the Holiness Movement Church--and several key political and social transformations in nineteenth-century central Canadian life. It challenges SD Clark's argument that Dissenting "sects" were otherworldly and apolitical, while at the same time revising the more modern Canadian historiographical trend to confine discussions of Protestantism's cultural impact to so-called "mainline" denominations. In the process, it discovers that Dissenting denominations were important participants in the societal dialogue regarding various aspects of central Canadian life. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the Dissenters considered in this thesis challenged the compact between Church and state which was entrenched in the Constitution of 1791, and presented alternatives to the culture of hierarchy and deference, rooted in a common core of democratic, Christian values. These included a strident anti-formalism, in addition to a staunch defense of liberty of conscience, the priesthood of all believers and sola scriptura , or alternatively, a mystical sense of God's active direction in the life of the believer. As the links between church and state were dismantled, a new form of Dissent arose whose focus was more socio-economic than political. Indeed, within this thesis, "New Dissent" constituted a reaction to mainline Methodism's assumption of several of the cultural attributes of an established church in defense of a rising, and later consolidating middle class. Although the context had shifted, Dissenters of the new era continued to base their criticisms of the larger culture and of Methodist elites, in addition to their claims to superior spiritual and hence social authority on democratic Christian notions. Moreover, this thesis explores how certain Dissenting communities were guided by their religious beliefs and experiences to present alternatives to the gender ideologies espoused by the larger culture. It also demonstrates how "mainstream" cultural consensus was profoundly shaped in response to Dissenting alternatives from the 1840s to the 1890s. What emerges is a clearer understanding of the diverse and uniquely Canadian ways in which contentious political, social and religious questions were experienced, imagined and resolved.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Legal Predicaments of Toronto West Enders and their Interaction with the West End Legal Aid Clinic

contributor:
Brymer, R.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to outline the West End community's legal problems, legal needs, legal awareness and their interaction with the legal aid clinic located in the West End of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Various theories are emphasized to furnish a fruitful comprehension of the issues under investigation. Initially, David Caplovitz's perception of the poor's circumstance is discussed to demonstrate that the less fortunate do, indeed, have legal difficulties. Subsequently, Gerald Suttles' concept of the 'provincial effect' and Herbert Gans' idea of person-oriented and object-oriented individuals are reviewed to supply a explanation of why the poor may be susceptible to exploitation. Lewis Coser's theory of conflict follows to establish that conflict does exist in our society between the poor and 'outsiders'. It is asserted that safety-valve institutions such as legal aid clinics can perhaps act as functional mediators between the disadvantaged and 'outsiders'. That is, they can channel the expression of hostile attitudes.

In light of this, sixty heads of households or their spouses were interviewed. An interview schedule was utilized consisting mainly of fixed-choice questions but, some open-ended questions were included. For the most part, the queries that were used represented indicators of variables such as recognition of legal problem (RECOLPR), not resigned to one's situation (NRETSN), awareness of legal clinic (AWOLCLC), USB of clinic (USOCLC), respect for the law (RESFRLW), awareness of legal rights (AWOLRTS), proximity to clinic, and time in area. Queries pertaining to background information such as age, sex and ethnicity were also enclosed in the interview schedule.

From an analysis of the data, it is concluded that the findings did not significantly uphold the theoretical base. However, proximity to clinic did support the supposition concerning the "isolation effect". The people most likely to use the clinic are those who live close to it. In addition, the data demonstrated that the West-End legal aid clinic is assisting the disadvantaged.

Finally, recommendations regarding future research of this nature and practical methods of providing further assistance to the poor are suggested.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Comparison of Emergency Department Users and Residents

contributor:
Vayda, E.
Medicine

subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences

abstract:
This thesis is a report of the analysis of the patient, use and illness characteristics of the visitors of two Hamilton, Ontario emergency departments. Emergency room utilization has increased greatly, in recent years; much of this increase has been due to non-urgent emergency visits. Consequently, in this study characteristics of emergency use and, specifically, non-urgent use were examined.

The socio-demographic characteristics of a 1971 random sample of residents of North Hamilton were compared to the 1971 Census to establish the representative nature of this random sample. The emergency department users of the Hamilton General Hospital who reside in North Hamilton were compared to the random sample of residents. The emergency department users were characterized as being male, non-single, Protestants, native Canadians, less educated and of lower social class. The users were separated into two groups by urgency classification (emergency-urgent 52%; non-urgent 48%) and compared with the sample of residents. Non-urgent users were characterized as being younger and as having less residential tenure both in Hamilton and at their present address than residents in general. No characteristics differentiated the emergency-urgent users from residents. A younger age profile was the only socio-demographic characteristic which differentiated the two groups of urgency status. Four of the 16 illness variables separated these two groups: the emergency-urgent users were more likely to have been involved in an accident, suffered trauma, arrived by ambulance and preferred are at the emergency department.

The users of the emergency department at St. Joseph's Hospital who also resided in North Hamilton were compared with the users from the Hamilton General. The St. Joseph's users were more likely to be younger, single, and Catholic than the users of the General. Although the General users were more likely to have suffered trauma, they were less likely to be classified as emergency-urgent than the users at St. Joseph's Hospital.

The roles that the two emergency departments play for the residents of North Hamilton are analyzed. Although both serve as acute care, trauma centres, the General is functioning relatively more as a physician surrogate for some North Hamilton residents. Accessibility and availability of alternate primary care services are discussed for the non-urgent patient. Recommendations are offered to alleviate the demand placed on the emergency department by those most effected by its physician surrogate role.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Novel performance analysis techniques with application to the scaling properties of silicon micromotor structures

contributor:
Findlay, Raymond
Electrical Engineering

abstract: An output coefficient extracted from motor design sizing calculations is cast into a form whereby it can be implemented as an actuation independent measure of performance. The way in which this measure scales for both electrically actuated motors and magnetically actuated motors is investigated. An engineering process for judging the advantages and disadvantages of each actuation scheme as it applies to particular motor designs is discussed. The performance capabilities of an electrically actuated variable capacitance motor are compared to those of a magnetically actuated alternative using the output coefficient as a comparative measure. A transition point is estimated which represents the scale at which the benefits of electrical actuation over magnetic actuation put electrically actuated devices in the realm of practical consideration. The two axis or dq0 method of analysing conventional magnetically actuated machines is extended and applied to the topology of an electrically actuated variable capacitance silicon micromotor. A "conventional" finite element technique is used to obtain estimates for the direct axis and quadrature axis synchronous capacitive susceptances. The energy based formulation employed eliminates the need to extract self and mutual phase capacitances and produces the desired axis capacitances directly. This novel method brings attention to higher order harmonics in the direct axis and quadrature axis charge waveforms. A physical explanation based on positive, negative and zero sequence phase charge is derived accounting for the observed rotor position-dependent characteristics. A dual bounds approach is applied to a typical two-dimensional micromotor structure. The direct axis capacitance is computed for the conditions of maximum stator pole-rotor pole overlap with the excitation EMT placed in two "extreme" conditions. The first condition is placement along the rotor's direct axis and the second condition is placement along the rotor's quadrature axis. Quadrilaterals are used to discretize a ninety degree (electrical) section of a silicon micromotor structure with a stator pole to rotor pole ratio of three to two. Two separate discretizations are considered, one for each of the stator EMF conditions previously noted. A method in which the same quadrilateral discretization can be used for both the upper and lower capacitance bound is presented. The notion of a stationary solution for the method of dual bounds is shown to exist. A simple two-dimensional example is given in order to illustrate how the linear equations are derived and to bring to out the ability to control the coupling of the resultant linear equations. Substantial computational savings, especially in the three-dimensional case can be realized (when compared to the finite element method) and warrant future examination and application in both electrically actuated and magnetically actuated problems. The encouraging two-dimensional results lead to a full three-dimensional extension of the theory, in particular, the development of novel geometrical constructs necessary for dual bound analysis. Formal methods for determining the placement of equipotential slices and flux tube walls inside fundamental cuboid structures are presented. Actual numerical results are presented for two simple three-dimensional constructs. A discretization process is given that shows how a complete three-dimensional silicon micromotor model can be discretized using the geometrical primitives derived in this thesis.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Ecological determinants of foraging and caching behaviour in sympatric heteromyid rodents

contributor:
Daly, Martin
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: A series of studies was carried out in order to ascertain some of the ecological determinants of the foraging and caching behaviour of heteromyid rodents (kangaroo rats, Dipodomys , and pocket mice, Chaetodipus ). The results show that heteromyids are sensitive to cues of predation while they are foraging. They put more effort into foraging under the safety of cover and in the dark of the new moon, when risk of predation from visually hunting predators is low. They also modulate their selectivity in relation to cues of predation risk, requiring a better pay-off (a more valuable food) as risk increases. The kangaroo rats and pocket mice compete for resources, and the pocket mice are at an aggressive disadvantage to the kangaroo rats at primary resource patches. However, the pocket mice compensate at least partially for their loss by engaging in cache pilferage. Finally, a study of the scatter caching decisions made by kangaroo rats demonstrates that they adaptively modulate cache spacing by placing more valuable seeds into caches that are more widely spaced. This differential spacing leads to decreased probability that pilferers conducting area-localised search after encountering one cache will be able to locate further caches. The results are discussed in relation to current theory and empirical findings.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: C(2)-symmetric Lewis acid catalysts: The role of imidazole in the stereoselective hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds

contributor:
Brook, Michael A.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: The demand for functionalized materials of high optical purity has led to an intense research effort in asymmetric synthesis. Much of the attention has focused on the application of chiral main group and transition metal complexes to promote enantioselective transformations. The successful development of asymmetric catalysts is an iterative, multistep, process involving ligand design, catalyst synthesis, and substrate screening. In order to facilitate this process, new ligands, which are easily prepared and modified, must be advanced. In the realm of tetradentate ligands, the classical example is Jacobsen's salen complexes. The ligands introduced here contain an imidazole moiety, which for years have been utilized by organic chemists as additives when protecting alcohols with silicon reagents. We advance here novel ligands that allow for enantioselective hydrosilylation of ketones. In particular we take advantage of the high reactivity of pentacoordinate silicon species. Initially, we provide evidence for pentacoordination of hydridosilicon compounds by imidazole, histidine, and C2 -symmetric imidazole ligands. We subsequently show that these species can be used for the reduction of carbonyl compounds; in the case of histidine and a C2 -symmetric ligand reduces enantioselectively. The lack of reactivity of chiral C2 symmetric N,N' -bis(N -methyl-2-methylene-imidazole)-1,2-cylcohexanediamine derivatives prompted us to look at the metal binding properties of these ligands, and their subsequent use as enantioselective reduction catalysts. Thus the second phase of this work involved the study of the complexation of these tetradentate ligands with metal species. The copper complex of the achiral N,N' -bis(N -methyl-2-methylene-imidazole)-1,2-ethanediamine and chiral N,N' -bis(N -methyl-2-methylene-imidazole)-1,2-cyclohexyldiamine were prepared and characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. The titanium adduct of two chiral cyclohexyl diamine ligands was utilized as catalyst for the enantioselective hydrosilylation of ketones. This reaction may or may not involve the intermediacy of pentacoordinate silicon compounds. The rhodium complex of these ligands was then utilized for the hydrostanylation of aldehydes. The third part of this thesis involved preliminary work on developing a catalyst for the polymerization of alkoxysilane. Recent reports of an enzyme responsible for assembling the silicate surfaces of a marine sponge, prompted us to explore the possibility of our ligand system being utilized for the polymerization of alkoxysilanes.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Early drug effects signal subsequent drug effects: Intra-administration associations and the conditioning analysis of tolerance

contributor:
Siegel, Shepard
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: The Pavlovian conditioning analysis of drug tolerance emphasizes that cues present at the time of drug administration become associated with drug-induced disturbances. These disturbances elicit unconditional responses that compensate for the pharmacological perturbation. The drug-compensatory responses eventually come to be elicited by drug-paired cues. These conditional compensatory responses (CCRs) mediate tolerance by counteracting the drug effect when the drug is administered in the presence of cues previously paired with the drug. Although there are many findings consistent with the conditioning analysis of tolerance, there also are contrary findings. The results of experiments reported in Chapter 2 suggest that some of the apparently contradictory findings result because interoceptive pharmacological cues, as well as exteroceptive environmental cues, are paired with a drug effect. That is, within each administration, early drug-onset cues may become associated with the later, larger drug effect, and these pharmacological cues may overshadow simultaneously-present environmental cues. The results of these experiments demonstrate that such intra-administration associations contribute to tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine and to the expression of conditional compensatory hyperalgesia. Although there is substantial evidence that conditioning contributes to tolerance, there has been little research concerning the physiological events that mediate this contribution. The experiments reported in Chapter 3 were designed to evaluate the role of a putative anti-opioid peptide--cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8)--in the associative mechanisms of opiate tolerance. The results of these experiments demonstrate that endogenous CCK-8 activity is important to the expression of conditional compensatory responding and the expression of established morphine tolerance. In addition to the theoretical implications of the work presented in this thesis, the present findings may also be of clinical interest. The clinical report presented in Chapter 4, describes how a conditioning analysis of tolerance that includes intra-administration associations may be relevant to understanding a case report of enigmatic opiate overdose. Patients receiving drugs for pain relief may be at risk for opiate overdose when the route of administration is altered, thus effectively altering the pharmacological drug-onset cues. The results of these experiments and the clinical report demonstrate that intra-administration associations are important to a compound-conditioning analysis of tolerance.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Study on the Problem of Optimum Economic Growth

contributor:
Butterfield, D.W.
Economics / Economic Policy

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: The theory of optimum economic growth has centred around the 1928 paper of Ramsey and extensively developed by subsequent authors. Samuelson and Solow extended Ramsey's analysis to a world involving multiple capital goods. Following Ramsey's formulation of his problem in terms of constrained maximization of an integral over infinite time, Tinbergen, Koopmans, Cass, Weizacker and Mirrlees worked in an infinite time horizon, allowing for certain modifications. Chakravarty pointed out that the integral need not converge even if the policy proposed by Ramsey (as being optimal) were adopted. Since there is considerable difficulty in demonstrating convergence in an infinite time horizon, Chakravarty and Goodwin tackled this problem in a finite time horizon. In our thesis, we are concerned with the problem of investigating the existence of an optimum savings programme in a finite time horizon. We provide a rigorous proof of the existence of such an optimum savings programme. We also demonstrate the uniqueness of the optimal programme. Furthermore, we have given a rigorous characterization of an optimal savings programme as being efficient. Rigorous proof of uniqueness of an optimal savings programme and the property that it is efficient, have nowhere appeared in the literature either in the context of an infinite or in that of a finite time horizon model.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An Investigation and Implementation of Some Binary Search Tree Algorithms

contributor:
Wood, D.
Computation

subject:
Computer Engineering
Computer Engineering

abstract: This project documents the results of an investigation into binary search trees. Because of their favourable characteristics binary search trees have become popular for information storage and retrieval applications in a one level store. The trees may be of two types, weighted and unweighted. Various algorithms are presented, in a machine independent context, for both types and an empirical evaluation is performed. An important software aid used for graphically displaying a binary tree is also described.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: A Study of High Accuracy High Derivative Formulas for the Numerical Integration of Stiff Equations

contributor:
Chakravarti, P.C.
Computation

subject:
Computational Engineering
Computational Engineering

abstract:
Different methods have been designed to solve systems of ordinary differential equations which avoid the restriction on step size imposed by the stability requirements alone and may be severe when the conventional numerical methods are used in solving stiff systems. This area requires further study which will lead to the development of new methods which are suitable for solving stiff equations and at the same time have high order of accuracy.

In this investigation, classes of multistep formulas using high derivations are studied and searched for the existence of high order stiffly stable formulas, and of better stability region formulas. Stiffly stable formulas of order as to 14 were found in this search and better stability regions have been obtained by varying the choice of arbitrary coefficients to control the stability characteristics.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Generation of Error Recovering Simple Precedence Parsers

abstract: A survey of error detection and error recovery in simple precedence parsers is given, and in particular the error detection of Leinius, and the error recovery of Rhodes are described. An implementation of a system which generates error recovering simple precendence parsers is presented. The system divides into two subsystems, a constructor, and a skeletal parser. The grammar of the simple precedence language (L) for which a parser is required is used as input to the constructor. The constructor processes the grammar, and produces data used to prime the skeletal parser such that it can parse a sentence of L (or, an L program). The skeletal parser includes error detection based on the work of Leinius, and error recovery based on the work of Rhodes.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Non-point source water pollution management in Canada and the United States: A comparative analysis of institutional arrangements and policy instruments

contributor:
Sproule-Jones, Mark H.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: Nearly thirty years after the introduction of water pollution management legislation in Canada and the United States, water pollution remains an important public policy problem. Very basically, water pollution problems can be divided into two types: point source and non-point source. Point source categorizes those cases where inputs into natural ecosystems come from easily identifiable sources such as industrial effluent and municipal sewage treatment outfalls. Non-point source water pollution characterizes inputs into natural ecosystems that are dispersed and multi-sourced such as urban and agricultural runoff, overflow sewage inputs and groundwater contamination. Although in many industrialized states non-point sources are recognized as the primary barrier to meeting water quality objectives, jurisdictions internationally have tended to limit the scope and focus of water pollution management efforts to more easily identifiable point-sources. This dissertation examines intergovernmental institutional arrangements and policy instrument strategies being implemented in Canada and the U.S. to address non-point source water pollution. This research indicates that an important determinant of instrument choice, design and comparative policy effectiveness is institutional capacity. More specifically, jurisdictions that have higher levels of vertical (intergovernmental), horizontal (cross-medium), stakeholder, monitoring and evaluation capacity are more likely to have effective policy instrument strategies. Based on six case studies examining three different policy instrument strategies, the dissertation provides evidence that jurisdictions in the U.S. have higher levels of institutional capacity to manage these complex water pollution problems than jurisdictions in Canada.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The body image and embodied experience of older women: The construction and negotiation of the meanings of aging and identity in later life

contributor:
Rosenthal, Carolyn J.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This study examines older women's perceptions of and experiences in their aging bodies within the context of a society that places strong emphasis on youth and beauty. Using the concepts of body image and embodied experience, the theoretical framework of the study is symbolic interactionism which combines insights from an analysis of sexism and ageism. The study is based on data derived from semi-structured interviews with women ranging in age from 61 to 92 years. Addressing a gap in the sociological and gerontological literature, my research satisfies the need to add age to the female body image equation given today's beauty ideal, the 'double standard' of aging (Sontag, 1972) and the physical realities of later life which combine to disadvantage older women in their efforts to achieve and maintain physical attractiveness relative to existing standards of beauty. My findings reveal that older women have internalized the norms that equate youthfulness and thinness with physical beauty to the detriment of their sense of perceived attractiveness and self-worth. However, the women indicate a preference for a heavier weight ideal for older women and favour a wider range of beauty and body ideals exemplified by the media stars of their day. My findings suggest that older women become less concerned with physical attractiveness after the loss of their husbands and given the realities of declining health in later life. The women assert that health and inner beauty are of more importance and value to them than physical attractiveness, something they contend that they were more concerned about in their youth. Finally, my research yields insights into the inner turmoil and pain that older women experience as they negotiate the realities of ageism, the mandate to stifle complaints about aging and the desire to been seen as who they really are on the 'inside'.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Investigations of platelet IgG in immune and non-immune thrombocytopenia

contributor:
Kelton, John G.
Medical Sciences

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by the premature destruction of autoantibody-sensitized platelets. For many years, elevated platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) was thought to be a diagnostic characteristic of ITP. However, observations that PAIgG is increased in both immune and non-immune thrombocytopenia, questioned the clinical significance of PAIgG measurements, and the mechanism(s) by which IgG accumulates in platelets. The origin of IgG on the surface of platelets of patients with non-immune thrombocytopenia, is not known. Additionally, it is not clear why these IgG-sensitized platelets escape destruction by phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. In this investigation, possible biological explanations for the elevated PAIgG in adult patients with ITP and non-immune thrombocytopenia, were examined. Traditionally, laboratory investigation of ITP, has focused on the development of serologic assays to measure anti-platelet autoantibodies. As an alternative investigative approach, ultrastructural techniques were used to evaluate platelets from patients with ITP and non-immune thrombocytopenia. Using these techniques, it was possible to localize IgG in platelets, and determine the immunomorphologic characteristics of PAIgG in patients with immune and non-immune thrombocytopenia. The results of these investigations demonstrated, that apart from differences in numbers, ITP platelets and platelets from patients with non-immune thrombocytopenia are morphologically identical to normal platelets and show no evidence of structural abnormalities. Additionally, elevated total PAIgG levels in thrombocytopenic patients are not attributable to alterations in the physical characteristics of platelets, including increased platelet size or increased numbers of storage granules per platelet, but reflected quantitative abnormalities in the pool of exogenous a-granule proteins. Immunomorphologic characteristics of PAIgG in patients with ITP and non-immune thrombocytopenia differ. In patients with ITP, elevated PAIgG is observed both within and on the surface of platelets. In patients with non-immune thrombocytopenia, elevated PAIgG was observed within but not on the platelet surface. In these platelets, IgG is not elevated on the platelet surface and, consequently, platelets were not prematurely cleared by phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. These results further explain why patients with non-immune thrombocytopenia have a normal platelet lifespan. Demonstrations that immunomorphologic characteristics of surface PAIgG, in platelets from patients with non-immune thrombocytopenia change over time suggests that in vitro leakage of α-granule IgG onto the surface of platelets may account for the origin of surface PAIgG in these patients. Immunomorphologic characteristics of surface PAIgG in patients with immune and non-immune thrombocytopenia suggest that rim patterns of surface PAIgG in ITP reflect the binding of autoantibodies to glycoprotein targets on the platelet surface whereas, "beaded necklace" patterns of surface PAIgG in non-immune thrombocytopenia reflect IgG exocytosis from internal platelet storage pools in vitro . In summary, ultrastructural techniques have been useful for the study of early structural events leading to the pathogenesis of disease and more recently have been utilized in studies of platelet pathology. Whereas current measurements of PAIgG do not provide good diagnostic or prognostic value, ultrastructural patterns of IgG distribution in ITP platelets may in themselves, or in conjunction with other laboratory measures, provide additional information about a common thrombocytopenic disorder.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Isolation and Characterization of Behavioural Mutants of Drosophila Melanogaster

contributor:
Threlkeld, S.F.H.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: Using the mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate, strains of Drosophila melanogaster were isolated whose males displayed mutant mating behaviour. Three lines were selected for closer study. One, strain #55, was associated with a morphological mutation that decreased male courtship success. Of the two non-morphological mutants, one strain (#263) exhibited almost no mating activity under test conditions, while the other (#277) was more successful than standard Canton-S males. Through mapping and test crosses, the mode of inheritance of each mutant was investigated. Other behavioural tests were performed to assess locomotor activity. These three mutants are discussed in terms of current ideas regarding courtship in Drosophila.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Dielectric-enhanced quantum-well intermixing in lambda = 1.55 micron indium gallium arsenic phosphide/indium phosphide laser structures

contributor:
Simmons, John G.
Thompson, David A.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: This thesis presents dielectric-enhanced quantum-well intermixing (QWI) studies of InGaAsP/InP-based λ = 1.55 μm laser structures for photonic integration. QWI is studied as a function of MBE growth, dielectric film (SiO x Ny ) composition and thickness, annealing temperature and time. The results suggest there are at least two processes that cause intermixing in samples without dielectric coatings, related to grown-in defects. It is found that plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited SiOx Ny films of refractive index 1.65 are best at enhancing the QWI process. Based on SIMS measurements of these films before and after anneal we observe the migration of Group III atoms into the dielectric film. Consequently we believe that Group V interstitials are injected into the laser structure and are responsible for the enhanced QWI. However, the amount of intermixing does not correlate with the amount of Group III that migrates into the dielectric film, suggesting that another factor, such as film stress, may affect the amount of injected interstitials. This postulated mechanism for InGaAsP/InP-based structures differs from the accepted belief that in the GaAs materials system the dielectric film injects Group III vacancies into material which promote the intermixing process, and that the number of injected vacancies is related to the film porosity. The thesis concludes with a presentation of materials properties and processing issues which are important for device fabrication. It is shown that although the electrical and optical properties of the intermixed material remain desirable, the process leads to difficulties in wet chemical etching and regrowth over material annealed with dielectric films.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Asymmetric multiple quantum well lasers

contributor:
Cassidy, D.T.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: Asymmetric Multiple Quantum Well (AMQW) lasers have wells of varying thickness and/or composition within a single active region. The different wells emit at different wavelengths. The thesis begins with a description of the basic properties of AMQW lasers which have been discovered through experimentation. Next, an experimental technique is introduced which employs AMQW lasers to study experimentally the non-uniform carrier distribution in MQW lasers. Results of three studies carried out using this new technique are presented. A theoretical model is developed to explain some of our experimental results. The theoretical treatment of carrier capture and carrier escape is discussed in detail and different treatments are compared to experimental data taken from AMQW lasers. Finally, the application of AMQW lasers as broadly tunable lasers is discussed and the key design issues for designing broadly tunable AMQW lasers are presented.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Inter-annual variability of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange at a subarctic fen

contributor:
Rouse, W.R.
Geography and Geology

subject: Geography Geology Geography

abstract: This thesis examines the inter-annual variability in growing season net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) at a subarctic sedge fen located near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Landscape-scale NEE and the energy and water balance of the fen were studied during five growing seasons between the years 1994 and 1999. Inter-annual variability in NEE was large and ranged from a net source to the atmosphere and a net sink to the ecosystem. Estimates of landscape-scale gross ecosystem production (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) indicate that GEP is largely responsible for the inter-annual variability in NEE. Annual estimates of NEE indicate that, during the present period, the fen is losing carbon nearly three times faster than its long-term historical accumulation rate of approximately -11 g CO2 m-2 y-1 . The position of the polar jet stream and synoptic scale weather patterns has an important control on the timing of snowmelt, leaf emergence, and development of the vegetation during early spring. The 1997-1998 El Niño phenomenon caused a warm and wet spring that lengthened the growing season and increased carbon acquisition at the fen. Spring season hydroclimatological conditions play a key role in determining the source and sink strength of the wetland. Community-scale NEE measurements revealed that sedge-moss communities account for the majority of the CO2 exchange at the fen. Community relationships of GEP and ER indicate that changes in community spatial distribution within the fen could nearly triple the net carbon acquisition of this wetland. Model simulations show that the sensitivity of NEE to changing environmental conditions varies inter-annually depending on the initial conditions of the wetland. Simulations using climatic change scenarios indicate that warmer air temperatures will increase carbon acquisition during wet years but may act to reduce wetland carbon storage in years that experience a large water deficit.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Determinants of Outcome in Residential Homes for Special Care

contributor: Medical Sciences (Design, Measurement, and Evaluation)

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract:
This study is a partial evaluation of a program of foster care for chronic psychiatric patients (Residential Homes for Special Care) in 41 homes in Hamilton and surrounding area, Ontario.

A review of the development of foster care and of controversies over its value, as well as a review of the existing evaluative literature is included.

An attempt was made to use adequacy of neuroleptic maintenance is chronic schizophrenic residents as a tracer condition for evaluation of quality of care given by primary care physicians.

The objectives of the program were examined and operating definitions evolved for measures to evaluate some of these objectives. These included a field worker's rating of the quality of hostesses and an audit of prescription written by attending physicians for adequacy of neuroleptic maintenance, occurrence of drug interactions and prescribing frequency.

The cohort studied was all 178 residents first admitted to foster care in the area in the years 1966 to 1969. These residents were followed for a three year period using existing health records. Data were complete on every resident for all variables excepts some drug prescription measures.

Home factors such as rural location and inferior quality of hostesses were important determinants of rehospitalisation. Residents first placed in rural homes had many more rehospitalisations than those first placed in urban homes, although there were no significant differences in the age, sex, number and duration of previous psychiatric hospitalisation or diagnosis between these groups.

Resident factors such as younger age, female sex and shorter duration of previous psychiatric hospitalisation were significant determinants of discharges from the program.

The prescription audit measures did not predict outcome, but examination of the prescriptions did reveal 17 patients on prolonged tricyclic antiderressant therapy, 10 for more than four years.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Syntheses and characterization of xenon oxide and oxide fluorides of xenon(VIII), osmium(VIII), iodine(VII), and xenon(II)

contributor:
Schrobilgen, G.J.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Xenon tetroxide was stabilized in SO2 ClF, BrF5 , and HF solvents rendering its 129 Xe and 17 O NMR spectroscopic characterization possible. The high symmetry about xenon in XeO4 allowed for the observation of the first 131 Xe resonance of chemically bonded xenon. Spin-lattice relaxation time measurements for 129 Xe and 131 Xe showed that the spin-rotation and the quadrupolar relaxation, respectively, are the predominent mechanisms of relaxation in XeO4 . The investigation of the 129 Xe NMR spectrum of [Na]4 [XeO6 ] in solution and solid state corrected the previously reported, erroneous value. Xenon tetroxide was shown to act as a Lewis acid towards CH3 CN solvent and fluoride ions yielding XeO4 (CH3 CN) and XeO4 F2 2- , respectively. The XeO4 (CH3 CN) adduct was characterized by 129 Xe NMR and Raman spectroscopy and contains the first example of a Xe(VIII)-N bond. The XeO4 F 22- anion was shown to exist as a mixture of its cis - and trans -isomers based on Raman spectroscopy. For the first time, XeO3 F2 was prepared in SO2 ClF, BrF5 , and HF solvents and characterized by 19 F and 129 Xe NMR spectroscopy. The novel XeO3 F 3- anion was prepared in low concentrations in SO2 ClF and BrF5 solvents and was identified by 19 F and 129 Xe NMR spectroscopy and shown to have a facial trioxo configuration. In the present work, the OsO4 F- anion was prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography and vibrational spectroscopy as its N(CH3 )4+ salt. The OsO4 F 22- anion had been prepared in admixture with the OsO4 F- anion and was characterized by vibrational spectroscopy showing its cis -difluoro arrangement. The OsO 4 F- anion was shown to be identical to the anion that had been previously reported and charactized by vibrational and EXAFS spectroscopy and erroneously assigned as the cis -OsO 4 F22- anion. The Lewis acidbase reaction between OsO3 F2 and fluoride ions and CH3 CN yielded the OsO3 F3- anion and the OsO3 F2 (CH3 CN) adduct, respectively. The unambiguous identification of the OsO3 F3- anion as the exclusive, facial trioxo isomer was accomplished by determining the crystal structure of [N(CH3 )4 ][OsO3 F 3 ] and by vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the N(CH 3 )4+ and NO+ salts. The OsO 3 F2 (CH3 CN) adduct, however, exists as a mixture of its fac - and mer -isomers in solution and in the solid state based on 19 F and 15 N NMR and Raman spectroscopy. The Os(VIII) oxide fluoride, OsO3 F2 , acts as a Lewis base towards strong acids like AsF5 and SbF5 in HF solvent yielding [OsO3 F][AsF6 ], [OsO3 F][HF] 2 [AsF6 ], [Os2 O6 F3 ][AsF 6 ], [OsO3 F][HF][SbF6 ], and [OsO3 F][HF] 2 [SbF6 ], which were characterized by Raman spectroscopy. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Sheet Forming and Porging Of Zn-Al alloys

contributor:
Duncan, J.L.
Production

subject: Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods

subject: Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

abstract:
A brief introduction to superplasticity is presented.

The forming of superplastic sheet into a rectangular trough is examined and the thickness distribution theoretically determined. Figures, dependent on the height to width ratio of the trough, are presented of the thickness variation against a suitable geometric parameter.

Experiments have been performed on the forming of superplastic Zn-Al into a flat bottomed cylindrical cavity. A semi-empirical analysis based on the theoretical work of Cornfield and Johnson is presented and the theoretical and experimental thickness distributions compared.

The closed die forging of superplastic and conventional Zn-Al eutectoid alloys is examined. The results of experiments are presented and a two phase forging cycle, suitable for rate dependent materials, is presented.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Effect of Impurities on the Strength of CaF₂ Single Crystals

contributor:
Nicholson, P.S.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Metallurgy
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract: Pure and doped CaF₂ single crystals were grown from melts by Czochralski technique. The doped crystals contained two levels of Na⁺, K⁺, V³⁺ and Y³⁺ impurities. The crystals were subsequently annealed and analysed for impurities. Samples were mechanically tested in compression at 450 and 600°C, and the 0.1% proof stress noted. An attempt was made to explain the observed hardening by Fleischer's theory of solid solution hardening in the case of V³⁺ and Y³⁺ -doped CaF₂ and by precipitation hardening theory in the case of Na⁺ and K⁺ -doped crystals.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Experiential influences on the development of face perception

contributor:
Maurer, D.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: This thesis examined the role of experience in the development of face perception. In Experiments 1-4, I examined the role of experience in the development of the perception of attractiveness by testing whether facial features that influence adults' ratings similarly influence babies too young to have been affected by cultural conditioning. In Experiment 1, adults rated faces with larger eyes as more attractive than faces with smaller eyes, and 5-month-olds looked longer at faces with larger eyes. In Experiments 2-4, adults rated faces with features at a medium or low height (large forehead, small chin) as more attractive than faces with high features (small forehead, large chin), whereas 5-month-olds looked equally long at those faces. In Experiment 5, there was no effect of the features' height in 3-year-olds, except those with more exposure to peers, who rated low features as more pretty than high features. The results suggest that the adult preference for larger eyes begins during infancy but that preferences for features at an average or low height emerge later, only after additional experience with faces and/or cultural learning. To see whether early visual experience is critical for the development of adult skills in face processing, in Experiments 6 and 7 I compared normal adults and children to patients deprived of visual input during early infancy because of bilateral congenital cataracts. Patients performed abnormally in tasks requiring matching facial identity, holistic processing, and the differentiation of faces based on local and configural processing. Patients performed normally in tasks requiring the processing of large, local features under longer exposures: lip reading, matching facial expression and gaze direction. They were also normal on a task requiring efficient configural processing of shapes. Results from the normal groups indicate that skills in face processing are not fully developed by age 6, but are adultlike at 10 years. Combined, the results suggest that early exposure to faces sets up the cortical circuits that become specialized for face processing, and that those circuits are shaped by years of experience differentiating among faces.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Asparagine Synthetase in Zea mays

contributor:
Oaks, Ann
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
In legume cotyledons, asparagine is synthesized by a transfer of the amide nitrogen of glutamine to aspartate. The asparagine synthetase reaction requires ATP-Mg²⁺, aspartate and glutamine as substrates, although NH₄Cl can act as a rather inefficient nitrogen donor.

In this project, asparagine synthetase was studied in extracts from several maize tissues. Enzyme activity (in nmoles asparagine per 20 minutes per gram fresh weight) was about 30 in developing endosperm and root tips, 60 in developing embryos, and 150 in scutella and mature root of seedlings.

Asparagine (2.0 mM) resulted in a 50% inhibition of the reaction in endosperm extract; 10 mM asparagine on the other hand inhibited the mature root and scutellar reactions less than 30%. The potential end products AMP and ADP inhibited the mature root reaction pore strongly than the scutellar reaction. Glutamate (10 mM) did not inhibit the scutellar reaction.

The addition of 1.0% bovine serum albumin to a crude extract from mature roots did not affect enzyme activity; however albumin doubled enzyme activity in mature root extract that had been filtered through Sephadex.

Km values obtained for glutamine in embryo, scutellar, mature root and soybean cotyledon extracts were 1.6, 0.49, 0.59, and 0.18 mM, respectively. Km values for NH₄Cl were 4.0, 2.6, 2.6 and 2.9 mM. These values indicate that the soybean enzyme reacts much more efficiently with glutamine than with NH₄Cl, but that the enzyme from various maize tissues reacts only slightly better with glutamine.

Glutamine protected the enzyme from heat inactivation in extracts from four maize tissues; however, its effect on mature root enzyme was much less pronounced than on embryo, scutellar or endosperm enzyme. NH₄Cl had little effect on the rate of inactivation in any of the four extracts.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Feasibility Study for the Transportation of Steel Billets by Amphibious Vehicle

contributor:
Siddall, J.N.
Mechanical Design

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
The problem of transporting steel billets from the No. 3 Bloom and Billet Mill to the No. 2 Rob Mill of The Steel Company of Canada is dealt with in this report. An original solution is proposed in the form of amphibious vehicles playing a water route in Hamilton Bay between the two mills.

The following Study will prove the feasibility of such a scheme.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Crosslinking copolymerization of divinylbenzene and maleic anhydride: Morphologies, mechanisms and kinetics

contributor:
Stover, H.D.H.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Three distinct copolymer morphologies have been prepared by crosslinking copolymerization of divinylbenzene-55 and maleic anhydride at low monomer concentrations in methyl ethyl ketone 1 heptane mixtures; microspheres, microgels and macrogels. These morphologies depended primarily upon solvent composition and changed from microspheres and microgels to macrogels with increasing methyl ethyl ketone volume fractions. The effect of solvent composition, crosslinker concentration and monomer loading on the observed morphologies were investigated using electron microscopy, viscosity, and light scattering experiments. Microgels were found to be precursors to both macrogels and microspheres and mechanisms for the formation of each morphology are proposed. Copolymerization ofdivinylbenzene-55 and maleic anhydride occurs at higher rates than homopolymerization of divinylbenzene-55. This affects several aspects of the precipitation polymerization leading to polydisperse nuclei and diffusion-controlled particle growth. The divinyl components ofdivinylbenzene-55 were shown to exhibit increased reactivity over the ethylvinyl species: This different reactivity results in a crosslink gradient in DVB-55/MAn microspheres and variable crosslinking in microgels depending on what stage ofthe reaction they are formed in.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Hewlett-Packard Cross Assembler

contributor:
Fleming, W.H.
Applied Mathematics

subject:
Applied Mathematics
Applied Mathematics

abstract:
The Hewlett-Packard Cross Assembler is a program available on CDC-6400 computer and is used to assemble HP-2000 series assembly language programs. The binary code for the assembled programs can be punched on cards for execution on HP 2100A computer.

This report discribes of the design and working of the Cross-Assembler. A program listing (in PASCAL) and a few sample runs are also included.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Compliance in the Study of Recent Recurrent Presumed Cerebral Emboli

contributor:
Gent, M.
Sackett, D.
Anderson, G.
Clinical Epidemiology

subject:
Clinical Epidemiology
Clinical Epidemiology

abstract:
The measurement of compliance is essential in clinical trials to assess the efficacy and side effects of treatment. Multiple methods of measuring compliance and several predictors of it are recognized. However, noncompliance has been defined using arbitrary "cutting" points on scales measuring compliance. Such cutting points should be validated against an external measurement.

In the Study of Recent Recurrent Presumed Cerebral Emboli, multiple measurements affected by the drugs (which are meant to prevent such events) are available on multiple occasions in the same subjects. This thesis explores ways in which one can assess the extent to which these measurements agree as indices of the intake of those drugs. Furthermore, it explores how such measurements can be validated against an external measurement, the outcome desired (i.e. the control of cerebral emboli) in order to choose a valid "cutting point" to define compliance and non-compliance. Finally, it suggests methodologies to predict whether a subject will be compliant or non-compliant and to study whether compliance is a constant characteristic of certain subjects or (varies through time, being affected by time or various events in the course of therapy. Thus, this thesis proposes a methodology to obtain a valid index of compliance which will predict outcomes and a methodology to study the factors which predict such compliance.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Characterisation of DNA damage inducible responses and repair in human cells using recombinant adenovirus vectors

contributor:
Rainbow, A.J.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: The DNA damage induced by UV and a number of chemical agents is repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. NER itself can be further subdivided into two pathways: global genome repair (GGR) acts to repair damaged DNA equally throughout the entire genome, while transcription-coupled repair (TCR) specifically targets repair activity to transcription-blocking lesions. The genetic disorders Cockayne syndrome (CS) and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are characterised by deficiencies in one or both of the NER subpathways. In order to examine DNA repair processes in human cells, we have taken advantage of recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vectors. We have used recombinant Ad vectors expressing DNA repair genes, tumor antigens and genes implicated in the cellular response to UV. Additionally, repair of damaged Ad DNA has been used as a means of assaying cellular repair capacity. Quantitation of reporter activity in cells infected with UV-irradiated preparations of the Ad-reporter construct provides a rapid and simple means for measuring repair activity in primary human cells. Analysis of repair capacity (using this and other assays) in XP and CS cells expressing the T4 bacteriophage repair gene, endonuclease V , has provided insight into the nature of the repair defects in these cells. Reactivation of reporter activity from UV-irradiated Ad-reporter constructs has also been compared in UV-irradiated and non-irradiated cells. Moderate UV exposures were observed to increase the capacity of cells from normal individuals to reactivate reporter activity. Examination of this phenomenon in XP and CS cells suggests that it is dependent on viable TCR. The effect of cellular exposure to DNA damaging agents on expression from reporter constructs driven by the human and murine cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoters was also examined. Treatment of cells with either UV or chemical DNA damaging agents induced activity from these reporter constructs. Examination of XP and CS cells, and in cells previously infected with a second Ad vector carrying high amounts of DNA damage, indicate that persistent damage in active genes plays a significant role in this response. SV40-transformed cells did not exhibit increased reporter activity in response to UV exposure, and preliminary experiments suggest a role for members of the pRb family, but not p53, in mediating this response. The results presented provide evidence for a UV-inducible DNA repair and/or damage tolerance mechanism that is dependent on TCR and requires functional p53 activity; and for a cellular response which enhances expression from CMV promoters in response to unrepaired damage in active genes. Additionally, the data herein provide support for additional functions ofthe XP groups F and G, and CS proteins in DNA repair processes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Computer-Aided Estimation of Steel Hardenability On the Basis of Alloy-Chemical Composition

creator:
Pazionis, Gregorios O.
Aristotelian, Ptyhion

contributor:
Kirkaldy, J.S.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

abstract: A numerical Solution to the one dimensional unsteady state heat transfer problem including the latent heat evolution of the pearlite reaction has been developed to predict thermal conditions in a Jominy bar. This has been combined with a model for pearlite nucleation and growth developed by Kirkaldy and used to predict the TTT curves for the austenite → pearlite transformation and the pearlite volume fraction as a function of time and Jominy number. The conversion of the TTT to OCT curves, which is a necessary step in the latter calculation, has been Investigated using the additivity rule and the approximation to it due to Grange and Kieffer. It was concluded that the latter approximation will often not be justified. Inclusion of the latent heat evolution in the heat transfer calculations was proven to be significant and as such should be included in any accurate algorithm for predicting Jominy curves.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Structural Studies of CuV₂O₆ and Ca₂V₂O₇

contributor:
Calvo, C.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

abstract:
The crystal structure of Cu₂V₂O₆ has been studied by X-ray diffraction techniques. CuV₂O₆ has been found to have a structure closely related to the mineral brannerite as do the majority of the metavanadates, but with lower symmetry. The refinement of the structure showed a bonding geometry consistent with the bond strength-bond length correlations for oxides which have been applied to other vanadate structures.

The symmetry and unit cell parameters of Ca₂V₂O₇ have been determined. The attempted solutions are described and suggestions are made for future work on this structure.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Inelastic Analysis of Composite Beams with Partial Connection

contributor: Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics

abstract: The project aims at developing a method to be used for the inelastic analysis of single span composite beams. As an integral part of the project, a computer program is also presented, which works for both shored and unshored beams with or without cover plate for symmetrical loading cases. After successful testing of the program against experimental results, computations were performed to determine the lower limit to the degree of partial connection permissible in practical composite beams.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Mitochondrial DNA from Representative Species of Reptilia and Cnidaria

contributor:
Freeman, K.B.
Biochemistry

subject: Biochemistry Biochemistry

abstract:
Radioactive thymidine was used to label DNA in turtle fibroblasts grown in tissue culture. The circular mDNA was separated from the linear nDNA on EB-CsCl gradients. The buoyant densities of both DNAs were determined on CsCl gradients by comparison with Micrococcus lysodecticus DNA. The buoyant densities of the two DNAs were found to be less than 2 mg cmˉ³ apart and were 1.704 gm cmˉ³ ± 2 mg cmˉ³.

Mitochondrial DNA was isolated from turtle livers and subjected to electron microscopy. Electron micrographs showed that turtle mDNA was of a similar size to mDNA isolated from rat and hamster liver.

Hydra littoralis were cultured and the mitochondrial fraction of a homogenate of hydra polyps identified. The DNA from this fraction was extracted and electron microscopy indicated that the molecules may have been circular in vivo and have a length slightly longer than 5 μm.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Bertrand Russell's Spiritual Development and the Victorian Crisis of Faith. 1888-1914

contributor:
Rempel, R. A.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
The present study may be viewed, at one level, as a spiritual biography of Bertrand Russell during the period from 1888 to 1914. I have taken as my starting-point Russell's adolescent speculations and subsequent abandonment of his childhood faith. This "loss of faith", one of the most characteristic cultural phenomena of the Victorian era, was a much more significant episode in Russell's life than his autobiographical writings have suggested. Like many of the mid-Victorian "honest doubters", he retained what Carlyle called the "aftershine of Christianity", a profound need for reverence and worship which could not be satisfied by a creed of scientific materialism.

I have traced the evolution of Russell's religious ideas from the time of these early struggles to his emergence as a spokesman for the "scientific outlook" in 1913-14. However, this is not intended to be a detailed analysis of Russell's religious philosophy. My aim has been primarily historical -- to examine the growth of these ideas in relation to the prevailing assumptions and dilemmas of the time.

Although this study puts forward concepts and information concerning Russell which, as far as I know, are new, its chief claim to originality lies in the approach that has been adopted. By combining spiritual biography with what may be called psycho-historical analysis, I have tried to bring known facts and recognised attitudes into new relations with each other thereby giving them fresh significance.

My conclusions have been based on an extensive analysis of the source materials available in the Bertrand Russell Archives, with particular reference to Russell's journals and personal correspondences. The range of secondary sources consulted includes selections from the literary works of the period, critical and historical material and biographies.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)