title: Robust Power Loading for the TDD MISO Downlink with Outage Constraints

contributor:
Davidson, Tim
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Robust - Downlink - Power Loading - TDD
Signal Processing
Signal Processing

abstract:
We consider the problem of power allocation for the single-cell multiple-input single- output (MISO) downlink in a time division duplex (TDD) system. In such systems, the base station (BS) acquires information about the channel state during the training component of the uplink phase. The resulting estimation errors are modeled prob- abilistically, and the receivers specify quality-of-service (QoS) constraints in terms of a target signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio that is to be achieved with a given outage probability. For a fixed beamforming structure, we seek a power allocation that minimizes the transmission power required to satisfy the users’ QoS requests.

The proposed approach to that problem begins with the observation that for TDD systems the channel estimation error at the base station can be modeled as being additive and Gaussian. Under that model, we obtain a precise deterministic characterization of the outage probability, and mildly conservative approximations thereof. Although the resulting deterministic optimization problems are not convex, we have been able to obtain good solutions using straightforward coordinate update algorithms. In fact, these solutions provide significantly better performance than the existing approaches, which are based on convex restrictions, because the proposed approximations are less conservative. By developing some approximations of the precise deterministic characterization of the outage probability, we develop algorithms that have good performance and much lower computational cost.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: In Defense of Masculinity: Codes of Honour and Repercussive Violence in Three of Shakespeare's Plays

contributor:
Silcox, Mary
Grisé, Cathy
Gough, Melinda
English

subject:
Shakespeare
Early Modern Drama
Masculinity
Honour
Early Modern England
Literature in English, British Isles
Literature in English, British Isles

abstract: The longstanding relationship between honour and violence has obvious martial and chivalric overtones. The prevalence of the duel in early modern England points to the developing performativity and growing symbolic meaning of violence during the period, a codified violence that relied heavily on hierarchical guidelines. The duel helped to stabilize social notions of rank and masculinity, and became a means of culturally validating masculinity and reifying honour codes. This thesis frames a study of violence and its relationship to honour and masculine identity through analysis of dramatized scenes involving masculine honour in three of Shakespeare’s plays – Twelfth Night, Henry V, and Hamlet – with a concurrent investigation of contemporary policies and essays on civility and honour. I examine instances of public violence that directly relate to private or personal concepts of honour, as well as the ways in which honour is conceived of and transmitted both linearly, through generations, and horizontally through discourses of national or social honour to one’s duty. This study contributes to a sense of honour as a dynamic and omnipresent discourse in the early modern era, one that structured and dictated the lives of the Elizabethan aristocracy.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Genetic analysis of methyltransferases involved in choline synthesis of Arabidopsis thaliana

contributor:
Weretilnyk, Elizabeth A
Biology

subject: Phosphobase Phosphatidylbase Choline S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylation Phosphoethanolamine Phosphomethylethanolamine Phosphodimethylethanolamine phosphatidylcholine T-DNA Biology Biology

abstract:
In plants, S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent phospho-base N-methyl transferases catalyze the three sequential methylations of phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine, the precursor for choline and the major membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. The enzyme phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMT) catalyzes the first and committing step in choline synthesis, a step for which no known by-pass has been found. In Arabidopsis thaliana there are two loci annotated as encoding PEAMT and a putative PEAMT, At3g18000 (NMT1) and At1g73600 (NMT3), respectively. A related gene product that catalyzes the last two methylations is encoded by locus At1g48600 (NMT2). The objective of this study was to investigate the role of NMT3 in Arabidopsis. Three SALK lines carrying independent T-DNA insertions in At1g73600 were used: SALK_062703, SALK_016929c and SALK_120703c.

Genomic DNA was used for PCR and sequence analysis of the products established the insertion of T-DNA in the protein coding region of At1g73600 for all three lines. Gene expression was analyzed by q-PCR. Primer design was particularly important for NMT3 transcript quantification by q-PCR. In SALK_062703 nmt3 mutants, the T-DNA is in exon 8 and in the SALK_120703c line it is in intron 6. In both cases, no NMT3 transcripts were detected using primers that annealed to sites 3’ to the position of the T-DNA in the gene. However, low levels of transcripts were detected using primers that annealed at positions 5’ to the site of T-DNA insertion. In the SALK_016929c line the position of the T-DNA insertion was in exon 2 and primers annealing near the site of the T-DNA insertion showed no NMT3 expression in this mutant but amplifying the mid portion of the gene showed WT levels of NMT3 transcripts. Thus all the mutants produce truncated NMT3 transcripts and by avoiding areas that overlap truncated transcript regions we could differentiate between NMT3 knock-out or knock-down expression.

Wild-type (NMT3) and nmt3 seedlings from the three lines grown on defined media plates showed no difference with respect to primary root length, number or density of lateral roots, and total root length. Exposing seedlings to salt (50 or 75 mM NaCl) led to reductions in root growth but again, roots of wild-type plants were indistinguishable from the mutant seedlings. One anomaly relates to the nmt3 SALK_120703c line which showed two root phenotypes. On saline media most of the seedlings had longer roots that resembled the wild-type and other mutant lines and about a third had shortened roots. Whether the seedlings had long or short roots on salt, they all lacked NMT3 transcripts. This line is likely carrying another insertion that yields a salt-sensitive root phenotype. Mutant plants at four-weeks looked like wild-type plants and time of flowering was not reproducibly delayed or accelerated in mutant plants relative to wild-type.

In wild-type seedlings the relative expression level of the three NMT genes is similar at day or night with transcript abundance ranked in the order NMT3 > NMT2 > NMT1. nmt3 seedlings harvested midday showed no detectable NMT3 expression but the abundance of NMT1 transcripts was 6.2-fold and 1.7-fold higher relative to wild-type in shoots and roots, respectively. At night, NMT1 expression in shoots of nmt3 seedlings decreased 4.8-fold relative to the level of NMT1 expression at midday while transcripts detected in roots increased slightly (1.3-fold). Using SALK_036291 nmt1 seedlings we found that NMT3 expression in shoots and roots was modestly up-regulated in the absence of NMT1 expression and the expression of NMT3 is lower at night than during the day. Also, regardless of the genotype or time of day, NMT2 expression remained constant even when NMT1 and NMT3 transcripts underwent several-fold changes in abundance. Interestingly, four-week old nmt3 plants of the SALK_062703 line showed that NMT3 expression is knocked-out in leaves but only knocked-down in roots.

 NMT3 was the most highly expressed of the three NMT genes monitored by q-PCR. Nonetheless, three independent T-DNA insertion lines defective for NMT3 expression were wild-type by appearance and as such, offer compelling evidence that NMT3 is not required by Arabidopsis. The increased expression of NMT1 in nmt3 plants and NMT3 in nmt1 plants strongly suggests that plants compensate for the loss of one gene by up-regulating, to varying extents, the expression of the remaining NMT gene. If this is the case, a reasonable prediction made for a cross between nmt1 and nmt3 plants is that it would be lethal unless plants have yet another way to circumvent the loss of an essential enzyme for this committing metabolic bottleneck in choline synthesis.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Theoretical Studies of the Spin and Charge Distributions in Molecules. Part A: Reaction Mechanisms of the Cycloaddition of Singlet and Triplet Atomic Oxygen to Olefins. Part B: Electron Correlation and Localization

contributor:
Bader, Richard F. W.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
Potential surfaces for the cycloaddition of singlet and triplet atomic oxygen to ethylene to form ethylene oxide were constructed. The singlet species was found to energetically favour a symmetric attack on the ethylene along the right bisector of the carbon-carbon axis in a place perpendicular to the plane of the nuclei, with an activation energy of the order of 10kcal/mole. The triplet species was found to prefer an asymmetric attack yielding an open-ring transition state geometry of energy 36 kcal/mole above the energy of the separated reactants. From this geometry, spin inversion and subsequent ring closure result in the formation of the singlet ethylene oxide product.

Experimentally observed retention/loss of cis-trans stereo-chemistry of olefins added to by singlet/triplet oxygen are attributed to the concerted formation of ring bonds in the singlet case, and non-concerted ring bond formation in the triplet case with free rotation around the carbon-carbon axis in the intermediate transition state.

Spin "uncoupling" and "transfer" mechanisms (originally developed elsewhere in a study of the varying tendencies of singlet and triplet oxygen to insert into or abstract a proton from hydrocarbon CH bonds) are also shown to explain the observed triplet asymmetric attack, non-concerted bond formation, and loss in product stereospecificity.

The formalism of two statistical measures of the information content of a quantum mechanical wavefunction, the "missing information function", I and "population fluctuation", Λ, are developed. The formal coordinate-space quantum description of the distrbution of "event probabilities" of observing various numbers of electrons in various spatial regions of a molecule is shown to be related to intuitive concepts of the localizability of primariliy intra-correlated groups of electrons within non-overlapping volumes.

The effects of the Fermi correlation described by a Hartree-Fock wavefunction were studied. Several small hydride molecules, LiH+, LiH, BeH(X), BH, BeH2, BH3, BH4‾, and CH4, were found to be partitionable (by criteria based on I and on Λ) into volumes corresponding to intuitive notions of "core", "bonding", and "non-bonding" regions of a molecule, each containing a population of two primarily intra-correlated electrons. For several other molecules, BeH(A), NH3, H2O, N2, and F2, only core pair populations were found to be well-localized. The valence density in these cases was found to be unpartitionable.

The formalisms developed here provide a useful method of computing the effects of correlation on particle localizability described by any form of wavefunction. The techniques also permit evaluation of the likelihood of accurate wavefunction decomposition into a product of wavefunctions each incorporating a description of the internal group particle correlation. Finally, one can assess the probability of an accurate partitioning of a quantum system into nearly independent subsystems.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Airborne Gravity Gradiometry as an Exploration Tool

contributor:
Morris, Bill
Geology

subject:
geophysics
airborne gravity gradiometry
potential fields
nickel exploration
voisey's bay
gravity
Geophysics and Seismology
Geophysics and Seismology

abstract: Airborne gravity gradiometry (AGG) is a relatively new technology to the mineral exploration industry which has been increasingly used over the past decade. AGG systems are capable of separating linear accelerations due to aircraft movement from the accelerations related that represent the gravity signal, resulting in a much higher resolution measurement than airborne gravity. The rapid and cost-effective deployment of an AGG survey gives it an advantage when compared to traditional ground gravity survey. With the momentum of existing AGG technology in the exploration industry and the multitude of next-generation AGG sensors currently in development the technique promises to be a valuable exploration tool for the foreseeable future. This thesis focuses on the capabilities of the AGG technology as an exploration tool, its niche within the exploration process, and how AGG compares to other gravity methods. An overview of the AGG method provides context for the aim of the study. A history of airborne gravimetry is presented, as well as a detailed technical description of AGG measurements and units. A summary of all existing airborne gravity and airborne gravity gradiometry technology is provided, along with the major research initiatives aimed at making more sensitive AGG sensors in the future. A discussion of the potential sources of error and uncertainty when working with AGG data highlights many of the technique’s obstacles that we will be closely examining within this study. The AGG case study which is examined includes an AGG dataset collected as part of a nickel exploration program to image prospective troctolite chambers in Northern Labrador, by Vale. The study focuses on the portion of the survey over the Voisey’s Bay main block that contains several economic nickel deposits, including the world-class Ovoid deposit. This area has been characterized both geologically and geophysically in the past, and contains multiple datasets, including ground gravity. Forward modeling is completed using Voisey’s Bay physical rock properties to calculate the response that could be expected over a nickel-bearing troctolite chamber. The methodology and considerations of AGG data acquisition are reviewed in the context of this survey and the dataset is then taken through a terrain correction involving the determination of the best possible background density choice. The limitations and potential pitfalls of the terrain correction are examined in relation to the digital elevation model being used. The problem of thick, variable overburden in portions of the survey is also examined. Several filtering techniques are completed on the data, including vertical integration and the removal of the regional signal. The AGG resolution is then quantitatively compared to the historical ground gravity data and an upward continued version of the ground gravity (representing the response of an airborne gravity survey) by using 2D power spectra and radially averaged power spectra plots. Although the ground gravity is found to contain better resolution in some areas due to its proximity to the ground, the more regular spatial sampling of the AGG survey provided resolution advantages in other areas. The much higher sensitivity of the AGG sensor resulted in a strong resolution advantage over the upward continued gravity. This comparison is extended to include the differences in interpretive products produced from each dataset, in the form of 3D gravity inversions. Inversions were completed on all three datasets and the results are compared. Although the resolution of an individual ground gravity measurement is greater than that of an AGG measurement, the uniformity of the AGG survey provides superior coverage and leads to a more detailed inversion model, particularly for features greater than ~200-400m, such as the prospective nickel bearing troctolite chambers.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: CARBON EXCHANGE IN A TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

contributor:
Arain, M. Altaf
Earth and Environmental Sciences

subject:
Carolinian forest
carbon balance
eddy covariance
temperate deciduous forest
net ecosystem productivity
Earth Sciences
Environmental Sciences
Earth Sciences

abstract: Continuous measurements of carbon fluxes and meteorological variables were made at a newly initiated flux tower site at an oak-dominant temperate deciduous forest in Southern Ontario, Canada from January to December 2012. Results indicate this forest was a moderate carbon sink in 2012. Annual values of net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (R) were 263 ± 30, 1192 and 922 g C m-2, respectively. An unusual warm period in March caused a strong increase in R. Erratic peaks of daily air temperature in April also increased R. A drought in July and early August reduced NEP rates when soil moisture values reached the lowest point of the year in late July and early August (minimum 0.023 m3 m-3). This decrease in NEP was mostly caused by a decrease in GEP, rather than increased R. Water use efficiency at this deciduous forest was 2.86 g C kg-1 H2O, indicating conservative water use by the forest. Downwelling photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was a dominant environmental control on photosynthesis, followed by air temperature and vapour pressure deficit, except in extreme dry periods when soil water stress affected carbon uptake. Extremely cloudy days in the growing season resulted in net carbon release due to low photosynthetic uptake values. Results indicate that large climatic fluctuations in this region may cause high instability in photosynthetic carbon uptake and release from soil carbon pools. This study helps to evaluate and quantify the responses of deciduous forests in the Great Lakes region to future climate change and extreme weather events.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: GROWTH AND MODELLING OF InGaP NANOWIRES BY MBE

contributor:
Haddara, Yaser
LaPierre, Ray
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
nanowires
InGaP
Ternary
Model
composition
staching faults
Nanotechnology fabrication
Nanotechnology fabrication

abstract:
The growth of ternary InGaP nanowires (NWs) is explored. Free-standing NWs are grown with the Au nanoparticle-assisted method using a gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GS-MBE) system. The grown samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). These characterization techniques were employed to examine the composition of the InGaP NWs, the morphology and the crystal structure. With varying the growth conditions, such as temperature, growth rate and V/III flux, a dependence of the NWs' composition, morphology and crystal structure were observed. In addition, the characteristics of the NWs showed great dependence on the diameter of the Au seed particle responsible for the NW growth.

A physical-based growth model is developed to understand the NW growth results. The model deals with each of the group-III growth species differently and splits the group-V into two components, with each component associated with one of the group-III species. The model is able to match composition and morphology results obtained from the experimental data.

Furthermore, a nucleation-based model is employed and integrated with the growth model to predict the crystal structure of the NWs. Based on this model, the operating regions for all out samples were illustrated. In addition, the dependence of the crystal structure of the NWs on the Au seed diameter, in our samples, was attributed to the change in the surface energies of the formed nucleus as the Au seed diameter change.

abstract: Doctor of Engineering (DEng)


title: Hollow fiber based pre-concentration and a microfluidic filtration device for water samples

contributor:
Selvaganapathy, Ravi
Biomedical Engineering

subject: Hollow Fiber

subject: Concentration

subject: Microfluidics

subject: Plasma Bonding

subject: Biomedical devices and instrumentation

subject: Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering

subject: Biomedical devices and instrumentation

abstract: Sample preparation is a crucial processing step required for molecular biological analysis of environmental samples like water that has a variety of constituents in it. Furthermore, large volumes of sample need to be processed as the prescribed limits of pathogens in water are extremely low. However, microfluidic biosensing devices that can perform rapid molecular biological analysis in the field are designed to handle small sample volumes. In such cases, there is a need for a sample processing device that can reduce (concentrate) a large sample volume into a small one while retaining the biological species present in it. Hollow fibers are appropriate for this purpose of sample reduction and serve as a macro to micro interface for the microfluidic device. The received concentrate from the hollow fiber device requires be further concentrated to several microliters and separated and sorted to various modular components within the microfluidic device. This requires a second stage microfiltration where an integrated membrane can sort based on particulate size. In this thesis, a two stage filtration was designed. A first stage hollow based fiber pre-concentration device is developed that is portable, low cost, has high retention efficiency, low elution volume and is rapid. The hollow fiber device has low elution volume of ~1-3 ml. Controlled experiments were performed to validate the recovery of the hollow fiber device. Simulated 250 ml E.coli contaminated samples were filtered to <5 ml from an original sample volume of 250 ml. No bacteria were present in the filtrate and nearly 100% was recovered at high bacterial concentrations. At low concentrations (~200 cells in the sample) the recovery was less (~50%). A second stage microfiltration device that can be integrated with the microfluidic device and that can reduce the sample still further from ~ 5 ml to 5 μl was designed. Plasma bonding of ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes using fluorine ions was investigated for fabrication of this device. The bonding of PDMS channels with polysulfone membranes via SF6 plasma was tested via tensile pull tests, burst pressure tests, and analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Quantitative tests on 10kDa and 70kDa polyethersulfone membranes demonstrated increased operational bonding strength of 86.6 and 146.9 kPa increases with three hour plasma application. Microfiltration membranes (0.2 micrometer pore size polyethersulfone) bonded in such a way that was easier to permeate as compared to ultrafiltration membranes. This bonding technique is generic in nature and can be used for integration of other commercially available polyethersulfone membranes with microfluidic devices for applications such as bio separations. No filtration testing was performed with E.coli samples.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: CARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY AUSCULTATION SKILL DEVELOPMENT: EXPLORATION AND APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE LOAD THEORY IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION

contributor:
Norman, Geoffrey
Dore, Kelly
Grierson, Lawrence
Health Research Methodology

subject:
Cognitive load
health professions education
auscultation skill
Medical Education
Medical Education

abstract: This thesis explores the Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) framework with health professions education research, and applies the principles of CLT to one specific area of health professions education: the acquisition of cardiac and respiratory auscultation and physical assessment skill in undergraduate nursing students. The first study evaluates context-based learning environments on the acquisition of auscultation skill and physical assessment performance. Results suggest that for novice level students, high-context-based learning environments may contribute to extraneous cognitive load and may not be beneficial for learning. The next cluster of studies evaluates auscultation test performance following manipulation of cognitive load variables. The interleaving approach instruction was found to be most helpful for auscultation test performance. The series of studies conducted in this thesis demonstrate a useful direction for health professions research and promotes the use of cognitive load theory as a framework for instructional design and evaluation.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The impact of healthcare-associated infectious disease outbreaks on the nature of the healthcare professionals daily work

contributor:
Baumann, Andrea
Kolotyo, Camille
O' Shea, Tim
Nursing

subject: impact of healthcare- associated infectious disease outbreak

subject: healthcare professionals daily work

subject: healthcare associated infections

subject: Acute care hospital

subject: Health Services Research

subject: Health Services Research

abstract:
ABSTRACT

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and HAI disease outbreaks present challenges for healthcare facilities. In 2008, a Clostridium difficile outbreak in Ontario resulted in the deaths of 91 patients and raised awareness of HAIs. Over the last 5 years, the outbreak rate has risen dramatically. Traditionally, HAI research has focused on epidemiology, healthcare systems, and the economic burden. Little is known about the impact HAI disease outbreaks have on the work of healthcare professionals.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of HAI outbreaks on healthcare professionals in a large acute care hospital in Ontario.

Methods: A retrospective exploratory case study approach was used, including individual interviews, document analysis, and incidence analysis of HAIs hospital data. The sample was frontline nurses, clinical managers, infection control professionals, and environmental service staff. Document analysis included hospital policies and protocols related to infectious diseases and HAI disease outbreaks.

Findings: The incidence rates of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, and Vancomycin-resistant enterococci have decreased but remained above the provincial benchmarks. The daily work of healthcare professionals was impacted by HAI outbreaks. Nurses experienced workload challenges, time pressures, and increased documentation. Infection control professionals' responsibilities have expanded. The environmental services staffs' cleaning processes have become more intensive. In response, several unique innovations were developed by hospital staff.

Conclusion: The daily work of healthcare professionals at the study site has been affected by HAI outbreaks. Implications for future research include the need to review healthcare professionals’ workloads and evaluate contributing factors to HAI outbreaks.

abstract: Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)


title: The Stranger: On Xenophobia

contributor:
Enns, Diane
Sassen, Brigitte
Johnstone, Mark
Philosophy

subject:
Xenophobia
Continental Philosophy
Political Philosophy
Prejudice
Otherness
Difference
Continental Philosophy
Continental Philosophy

abstract:
For many of us, the events of 9/11 served as a violent birth into a new era. In subsequent years, we have witnessed a mechanical vacillation between reaction and revenge in the domain of politics, at a time where terrorism and counter-terrorism are virtually indistinct. September 11th was by no means the genesis of xenophobia, but it has been complicit in the production of a global climate where an understanding of xenophobic logic is increasingly relevant.

In this thesis, I begin with an analysis of the conceptual anatomy of xenophobia and its relation to ideas of sameness and difference, identity, selfhood, “Otherness” and community. In the second chapter, I provide a taxonomy of xenophobia, differentiating this “exclusive” mode of prejudice from “inclusive” modes. I analyze contemporary manifestations of xenophobia under this framework. In the final chapter, I conclude with an exploration of the manner in which communities may be re-envisioned, in order to avoid identity-essentialism and encourage freedom of action in the political domain.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Contexts and Dynamics of School Violence: A Multi-Method Investigation in an Ontario Urban Setting

contributor:
Davies, Scott
McLaughlin, Neil
Heath, Melanie
Sociology

subject:
Youth Violence
Bullying
Education
Collective Efficacy
Community-based Research
Community Engagement
Educational Sociology
Inequality and Stratification
Other Education
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Community-based Research

abstract: The issue of bullying, among school age children, has been popularized by North American news media. These media frame bullying as a violent epidemic plaguing our schools, resulting in school officials implementing new anti-violence intervention and prevention programs. However, popular media and school administrators often do not rely on research with consistent definitions for bullying behavior to inform these changes. As a result, the term bullying has become quite ubiquitous, conflating bullying behavior with other forms of youth violence. My research aims to delineate the contextual influences for youth violence and the types of violence youth engage in. I argue that sociology can contribute to the study of bullying by elaborating on the roles of three kinds of contexts: immediate networks, neighborhoods and micro-geographies, and status situations. Further, gender can also be a consistent conditioning influence on those contextual effects. This study utilizes a multi-method approach to better understand the contexts and dynamics of youth violence. My quantitative component uses data from systematic social observations of all Hamilton public school neighborhoods, Hamilton Safe School Surveys and the 2006 national census. These methods build on different contexts for youth violence. While the survey findings used in the quantitative portion of this thesis examine broad contextual influences, my qualitative interviews develop micro-geographic contexts for youth violence. Using these data sources, I found significant relationships between gender, age, physical disorder and types of violence used by students. My qualitative component used interviews conducted with fifteen Hamilton youth from a variety of different neighbourhood backgrounds to understand youth’s social dynamics in different kinds of violence. I found dynamics that were consistent with the types of in-school violence described by Randall Collins (2008, 2011) and different types for violence used by male and female students for similar social ends. It is my hope that these findings can be used to better inform violence intervention and prevention policies within Ontario schools.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Exploring the Role of Perceptions of Trustworthiness in Heterogeneous Teams

contributor:
Wiesner, Willi
Connelly, Catherine
Hackett, Rick
Business

subject:
diversity
team
trustworthiness
satisfaction
stereotype content
social identity
Organizational Behavior and Theory
Organizational Behavior and Theory

abstract: The Stereotype Content Model was used to challenge the untested assertion of the social identity/self-categorization perspective that different others will be seen as untrustworthy. Results from a sample of 29 student teams showed that trustworthiness perceptions were positively related to cognitive and bio-demographic diversity. Member satisfaction was also positively related to cognitive diversity. Trustworthiness perceptions mediated the relationship between team diversity and members’ satisfaction. First round satisfaction predicted second round team performance. The results suggest that outgroup bias is not automatic; teams can be successful if members see each other as trustworthy, regardless of cognitive or bio-demographic diversity.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: EFFECT OF WRIST POSTURE AND FINGERTIP FORCE ON MEDIAN NERVE BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY

contributor:
Keir, Peter J.
Kinesiology

subject:
median nerve
intraneural blood flow
carpal tunnel syndrome
ultrasound
pulse wave Doppler
occupational risk factors
Biomechanics
Biomechanics

abstract: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most prevalent work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity yet its etiology remains elusive. Nerve hypervascularization has been proposed as a pathophysiological change in CTS and can be measured using high resolution sonography of intraneural blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of deviated wrist postures and fingertip force on the intraneural blood flow velocity of the median nerve proximal to the wrist crease. Ten participants experiencing the classic symptoms of CTS and nine healthy volunteers were recruited and underwent qualitative assessments (Phalen’s test, Katz hand diagram, Levine’s CTS questionnaire). Intraneural blood flow velocity was measured in five wrist postures (flexion 30°, flexion 15°, neutral, extension 15°, extension 30°) with and without a middle digit fingertip press (0N, 6N). A control (N=9) group and a CTS symptomatic (N=9) group were determined, in addition to a CTS individual (N=1) that required a separate analysis. A significant main effect of force was found (F1,16 = 28.039, p < 0.0005) with the mean peak velocity being greater with force (3.56 cm/s) than without force (2.81 cm/s). Wrist posture had a main effect (F4,64 = 3.163, p < 0.020) with flow velocity as neutral (2.87 cm/s) was significantly lower than flexion 30° (3.37 cm/s), flexion 15°(3.27 cm/s) and extension 30° (3.29 cm/s). There was no significant difference in peak blood flow velocity between the two experimental groups, CTS symptomatic (3.34 cm/s) and control (3.03 cm/s) (F1,16 = 4.121, p < 0.059). The results suggest that both force and non-neutral wrist postures may acutely induce vascular changes previously associated with CTS. The quantification of reactive median nerve hypervascularity should be investigated further as it has potential to be both a reliable diagnostic technique and a non-invasive assessment of CTS risk.

abstract: Master of Science in Kinesiology


title: The Synthesis of Dendrimer-Based Infection Imaging Probes

contributor:
Adronov, Alex
Valliant, John
Berti, Paul
Chemistry

subject:
Dendrimers
Infection
Probes
Polymer Chemistry
Polymer Chemistry

abstract:
Dendrimers provide an ideal scaffold for molecular imaging and therapeutics due to their mono-disperse structure and easily modifiable core, interior, and periphery. The controlled-stepwise synthesis leads to perfect, defined architectures that can easily be modified to incorporate targeting and imaging moieties. Specifically poly (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-propanoic acid) (PMPA) dendrimer structures exhibit excellent aqueous solubility, low toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, which are necessary requirements for an ideal in vivo imaging scaffold.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a common condition involving elevated temperatures above 101°F, which goes undiagnosed after a week of investigation. The primary causes of FUO are infection and cancer, however methods of diagnosis are non-specific and quite slow. Developing a method to detect bacterial infections, and therefore rule out more severe conditions such as cancer, would be very useful in diagnosis of this condition. Approximately two thirds of infection cases in hospitals are determined to be caused by one of six pathogens known as the ESKAPE pathogens and developing a molecular imaging probe that would detect these specific pathogens would be a very useful FUO diagnostic tool.

Siderophores are naturally occurring molecules that exhibit a high affinity for Fe3+, and are effective at entering bacterial cells after complexing iron. In particular, Desferal, a commercially available siderophore used for iron chelation therapy, has been successfully modified, radiolabeled, and studied as an imaging agent. Dendrimers were modified with Desferal and used to investigate the effect of multivalent display of siderophores on a single macromolecular structure.1-3

We herein discuss the preparation of a series of siderophore-terminated PMPA dendrimers that were radiolabeled and studied to compare bacterial uptake between a monomeric siderophore and a macromolecule displaying multiple siderophores on its periphery. To introduce Desferal to the periphery of a dendrimer, activated p-nitrophenyl carbonates were used. A series of Desferal-terminated dendrimers of generations 1-3 was synthesized in yields of 59-89 % and evaluated for suitability as an infection-imaging probe.

The Desferal-terminated dendrimer series was evaluated for its affinity to iron(III) and gallium(III), as well as tested for steric hindrance effects at the periphery. The series was successfully radiolabeled with 67Ga using mild conditions and in vitro bacterial uptake studies were performed with Staphylococcus aureus, one of the ESKAPE pathogens, to determine if multivalency increases bacterial uptake.

Preliminary results indicate that the poor water solubility of the Desferal-terminated dendrimer series needs to be improved in order to increase bacterial uptake of the compounds, however viable candidates for metal chelation were successfully produced.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Roma, Auctrix Imperii? Rome's Role in Imperial Propaganda and Policy from 293 CE until 324 CE

contributor:
Beckmann, Martin
Haley, E.W.
George, M.
Classics

subject: Rome

subject: Maxentius

subject: Constantine

subject: Tetrarchy

subject: Basilica Nova

subject: Arch of Constantine

subject: Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity

subject: Classical Archaeology and Art History

subject: Other Architecture

abstract: By the early fourth century Rome was more than a thousand years old and the historical caput mundi was, accordingly, steeped in long established traditions. It was these historical traditions and memories that served as paradigms for understanding present circumstances. One such paradigm was the relationship between Rome and her emperors. Traditionally, monarchical power was the antithesis of the Roman Republican model, yet Augustus uniquely altered this model and established a new acceptable paradigm wherein the emperor was the princeps civitatis and the patron to all Romans. This imperial patronage was characterized primarily by the commissioning of public buildings in the Urbs and the maintenance of Rome’s cults and traditions. Therefore, Rome was inextricably intertwined with the legitimacy, success (or failure), and longevity of an emperor’s reign. Throughout the third century, however, Rome was plagued by manifold crises and the paradigmatic relationship between Rome and her rulers began to break down, such that some scholars have suggested that from 293 CE and the establishment of the tetrarchy Rome became increasingly manifest wherever the emperors were, with the city itself becoming nothing more than a peripheral concern. The former line of argumentation, however, is often advanced with the belief that Rome’s diminishing importance was uninterrupted and invariable, often disregarding the evidence within the city itself and focusing on monumental evidence outside of Rome and across the empire. This thesis, then, by examining the evidence within the city of Rome and that pertaining to it, demonstrates that between 293 and 324 CE Rome’s marginalization was anything but consistent and that the city, with all its symbolic and actual power, was integral to Maxentius’ and Constantine’s legitimation policies. Moreover, this thesis also elucidates how Rome functioned in imperial thought for each regime, with old paradigms becoming malleable to accommodate new imperial policy.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Getting Ahead or Just Enough To Get By? The Limits of Social Capital in an Asset Based Community Development Model

contributor:
Lee, Bill
Caranza, Mirna
Greene, Saara
Social Work

subject:
Social Capital
Asset Based Community Development
Capacity Building
Social Justice
Limitations
Community Development
Locality Development
Community Engagement
Social Work
Community Engagement

abstract: Recent trends in community development efforts rely on social capital to solve issues at the local level through consensus building, increasing capacity and citizen empowerment. The asset based community development (ABCD) approach assumes relationships and partnerships built on networks of trust and shared norms build communities beneficial for all members. The current community capacity building approach blurs political interests and supports the current neoliberal agenda of the state and private interests to shift the responsibility and management of social problems to the community. This project calls in to question the potential of an assets based community development strategy as it has been attempted in Hamilton, Ontario to lead to long-term structural change in addressing social issues at the root. Findings suggest that despite the number of community projects appearing on the ground, there is little evidence to support asset based community development and social capital that leads to long-term structural change in communities, or economic prosperity to the extent proponents suggest. Furthermore, contrary to the claim of resident leadership, the findings suggest models that attempt to include resident participation are still managed, funded, and administered by professionals in organizations in a ‘top down’ manner. Additional discussion will explore how social capital and capacity can be used toward meeting social justice outcomes in communities.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Development of a Robotic Vehicle Control System

contributor:
Mohrenschildt, Martin von
Computing and Software

subject:
Robotics
Control Systems
Dynamometer
Mechatronics
Hybrid Vehicle
Electro-Mechanical Systems
Electro-Mechanical Systems

abstract:
This thesis presents the design stages in creating a robotic driving system for performing in-lab driving schedule playback using a chassis dynamometer. This equipment is intended to assist research in improving the power train system in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). The design stage layout contributes to showing how to effectively breakdown a mechatronics related project into manageable steps. The process includes background research, system requirements, system design and validation. Design stages are further broken up into three subsystems, mechanical, electrical and software.

Two actuators control the gas and brake pedals of the test vehicle. An active control system allows the vehicle to follow a speed vs. time driving schedule. The control feedback loop uses two cascading Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers (vehicle speed and pedal position). Feedback signals come from the onboard diagnostics (OBD-II) port. The control software is implemented on a dSPACE MicroAutoBox capable of multiple inputs and outputs including a built in CAN Bus controller to receive messages from the OBD-II port. The control software is implemented in Simulink and provides a modular, maintainable architecture for future development.

The system design steps lead to a practical system obtained through a systematic approach. Design documentation will allow for further development of this test system to meet future requirements.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Tools of the "En-Eh-Mee:" Grant Morrison's Utopia and the Means to End There

contributor:
Savage, Anne
Dean, Amber
Jenkins, Gena Zuroski
English and Cultural Studies

subject:
comics
grant morrison
utopia
violence
superhero
deleuze
Literature in English, British Isles
Literature in English, North America
Literature in English, British Isles

abstract: This thesis analyzes the impact of the Dark Age of comics on Grant Morrison’s comic book series The Invisibles, specifically arguing that the traditional superhero figure enacts a certain narrative violence on the characters and text itself, both through direct violence and in the limiting of potential narratives. The first chapter establishes The Invisibles’ contemporary comic tropes, establishing Dark Age superheroes as an exceptionalist figures who use extreme violence to separate themselves from a perceived corrupt society. As such, this thesis moves from a psychoanalytic approach to heroism towards a schizoanalytic approach found in Deleuze and Guattari’s Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus, demonstrating how similar cycles of pathologization found in their critique of psychoanalysis also apply to The Invisibles’ attempt to innoculate itself against its own sensationalized violence. In doing so, the series eventually purges itself of the hero’s underlying ideological violences and attempts to actualize a Morrison’s own notions of utopia through the medium of comics, valuing multiplicities and the production of narratives to inform the experience of reality over a limitation of narratives based on violent conflict.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Agricultural Change and Common Land in Cumberland 1700-1850

contributor:
Gentilcore, R. L.
Geography

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
Traditionally, the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in England have been considered a period of unprecedented change in farming techniques and output, of the 'Agricultural Revolution'. current opinion sees agricultural change taking much longer, over several centuries of change and improvement.

This thesis examines the contention that in Cumberland, a large county in northwest England, the period 1700 to 1850 did represent one of agricultural revolution. It is shown that isolation, a difficult physical environment, absentee landownership and peculiar tenures combined to retard improvement in both animal husbandry and field management.

Although the common arable fields had largely disappeared by 1700, the huge common wastes were vital· to the local agricultural economy. Encroachment on the wastes is seen as a tolerated method of increasing farm holdings; but the key change was enclosure. Examination of various physical and socioeconomic variables leads to the conclusion that altitude and slope were the dominant factors in distinguishing early from late enclosures: soil, agricultural potential, distance from urban areas and number of landowners involved do not seem to have been important. However, understanding is incomplete without considering the interplay of landlord and tenant: enfranchisement, intercommon and even personality conflicts played a part in the process.

Overall, it is concluded that if there was a Cumberland agricultural revolution from 1700 to 1850 it was largely confined to the enclosure of the common wastes: that other forms of agricultural advance had to wait the later nineteenth or even the twentieth century. The thesis provides new or revised data on several matters, such as the number and size of common arable fields, and the rate of enclosure of the common wastes, and puts a wide range of agricultural changes in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries into context.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Les Enfants de Triboulet: essai sur les confreries theatrales a l' epoque medievale et leur echo a l'epoque contemporaine

contributor:
Jeay, Madeleine
French

subject: French and Francophone Language and Literature

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Reassessment of the Indian Heavy Industrialization Strategy

contributor:
Kubursi, A. A.
Economics

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
The industrial strategy which emphasizes heavy industries in the Indian economy has been the subject of a major controversy. This study reassesses the implications of the heavy industries strategy. The study has been conducted within the framework of a five-year plan using a dynamic multisectoral linear programming model.

Several experiments are performed with the model under varied assumptions and restrictions. The results of the various experiments are then compared with the results of the bench mark case and among themselves. The capacity constraint is introduced in the model in order to ensure non-transferability of capital between sectors and periods and to prevent consumption of capital. The land constraint is introduced in order to evaluate the effect of the limited availability of land on economic growth. To assess the impact of the use of modern techniques in agriculture on economic growth, in some experiments of the model Japanese agricultural input/output and capital/output coefficients are used. In order to examine the issues related to the choices between present and future consumption, three different objective functions are used in this study.

The main effect of the capacity constraint is to strengthen the equipment sector. The constraint raises the deliveries made by the equipment sector for the purpose of investment. The increased investment activity is provided for by increase in domestic production of equipment goods. The burden of the growth in the equipment sector caused by the capacity constraint is generally borne by the services sector. This is especially the case when the agricultural sector uses traditional technology.

The results of our study show that it is mainly the capital goods sectors which benefit from the assumption of limited land availability. Our findings thus provide a justification for the heavy industries strategy in the Indian case where the assumption of limited land availability is very reasonable.

The application of the Japanese agricultural technology in Indian agriculture raises agricultural production, however, its effect on consumption and on other sectors of the economy may not be favourable if the technological transformation is limited to the agricultural sector alone.

The main effect of inclusion of the consumption stream of the post-plan period, or of inclusion of investment, in the objective function is to strengthen the equipment sector. The strengthening of the equipment sector comes mainly at the cost of the agricultural sector.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Christine de Pizan: La construction d'une "autorite" feminine

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Critical Scattering of Neutrons from Iron

contributor:
Collins, M. F.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
Dynamical critical phenomena is iron were studied by the technique of inelastic neutron scattering.

Over the range of wave vector and temperature measured the spin-wave energy varied as the square of the wave vector and as the reduced temperature raised to the power 0.36±0.03. The spin-wave damping diverged as the critical temperature is approached from below according to a simple power law with exponent -0.96±0.10. The wave vector dependence of the damping was proportional to the fourth power of the wave vector. These results are in good agreement with the predictions of dynamic scaling and hydrodynamic theory. Anomalous damping was observed at the largest wave vector measured, 0.26 A‾¹, this is tentatively ascribed to the effect of a Fermi surface minimum at wave vector 0.25 A‾¹.

The spin waves became over-critically damped a few degrees below the critical temperature. At the critical temperature the scattering was diffusive in character with no evidence of remnant spin waves; the energy width varied as a simple power of the wave vector with the exponent predicted by dynamic scaling. Above the critical temperature the width agreed with the general prediction of dynamic scaling and with the detailed numerical calculations of Résibois and Piette.

Below the critical temperature there was no evidence in the scattering of longitudinal spin fluctuations. This is in accord with other observations on isotopic ferromagnets; such a result is not physically understood at the present time.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Numerical Ranges of Elements of Topological Algebras

contributor:
Husain, T.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
Giles and Husain have extended the concept of numerical range of an element of a normed algebra to locally multiplicatively convex algebra and have studied. We make a further study of it. We shown that for a normal element, a, of a complete unital lmc*-algebra the numerical range of a, V(A,{p};a) is equal to the convex hull of Sp(A,a) and we apply it to compute the numerical ranges of certain elements of certain complete lmc*-algebras. The relation between the numerical range V(A, {p}; x) and various growth conditions on the resolvent (x-λ)‾¹ is discussed.

We also extend the concept of numerical range of elements from Banach algebras to pseudo-banach algebras introduced by Allan, Dales and Mcclure. We show that the numerical range of an element of a pseudo-banach algebra is a compact convex subset of the complex plane containing the spectrum of that element and that the spectral radius is equal to the numerical radius.

We also study certain extreme positive maps of B*-algebras, Bp*-algebras and show them to be equal to the nonzero multiplicative linear functionals of the respective algebras. It is shown that the boundary of the numerical range of an element is the spectrum of that element of these topological algebras.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Implications of Alternative Emission Trading Plans

contributor: R. A. Muller, Stuart Mestelman and David Bjerk

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
Two approaches to emissions trading are cap-and-trade, in which an aggregate cap on emissions is distributed in the form of allowance permits, and baseline-and-credit, in which firms earn emission reduction credits for emissions below their baselines. Theory suggests the long-run equilibrium of the cap-and-trade plan is socially optimal, whereas the corresponding baselineand- credit equilibrium is inefficient, since the baseline creates a subsidy to output. In the short-run, however, when output capacity is fixed, the two plans are predicted to be identical. Surprisingly, despite the long-run predictions, both approaches are used around the world.

To test whether these predictions hold in real markets, we developed a computerized laboratory environment in which subjects, representing firms, can adjust their emission technology and capacity levels. Subjects trade emission rights in a uniform price sealed bid-ask auction. The demand for output is simulated. All decisions are tracked through a double-entry bookkeeping system. Full documentation of the software is attached as an appendix.

Primarily, this dissertation presents results from the first ever experimental economic analysis comparing the two most commonly proposed and implemented emission trading policy instruments: cap-and-trade and rated-based baseline-and-credit emission permit trading. After creating a laboratory implementation of the theoretical setting, we report results from simulations with robot traders in a long-run environment. These simulations verify the long-run predictions. Simulations and pilot experiments provide interesting evidence on permit market volatilities and effects of various accounting rules. As a first step towards testing the long-run model with human subjects, this dissertation reports on a laboratory experiment designed to test the short-run predictions. The short-run experiments support the theoretical prediction that the two mechanisms yield similar outcomes, however both exhibit significant deviation from the predicted equilibrium.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: "La Duchesse d'Estramene" du Sieur Du Plaisir

contributor:
Rouben, Cesar
French

abstract: The author has undertaken a critical edition of a late seventeenth-century French novel whose contemporary popularity ended in virtual obscurity for two and a half centuries. It has recently received some attention in the context of the development of French literature and the novel genre. This for the most part has been in relation to the theoretical work published by the same author, Le Sieur Du Plaisir, a year following the appearance of the novel La Duchesse d 'Estramene. A facsimile printing of the novel with an Introduction by Rene Goderme, was published by Slatkine Reprints in 1978. An edition by Giorgetto Giorgi appeared, in Italian, in 1978. To our knowledge, the present thesis represents the only allocated edition of the novel in French. The Introduction provides contextual material regarding the political philosophical, socio-moral and literary context in which the novel was written and the period that it covers -- the recent past, in the courtly society of Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France. Certain stylistic characteristics are enlarged upon in the annotations to the text of the novel which seems to stand on the cusp between the heroic. baroque form of the genre, as seen in La PriJ1cesse de Cleves (1678), by Madame de Lafayette, and the more classic style and naturalistic approach that were to follow.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Les fonctions du merveilleux dans 1'imaginaire litteraire medieval des XIf et xuf siecles : l' expression du desir

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Quelques aspects du Militaire dans Ie theatre francais de 1870 a1970

contributor:
Pocknell, B.S.
French

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Mylonitization of the Wanapitei Quartzite, Sudbury, Ontario

contributor:
Clifford, P.M.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
Mylonitized Wanapitei quartzite (Huronian-aged), was examined in detail at two occurrences along the Grenville front near Sudbury, Ontario.

In the Coniston study area, the rocks show an increase in mylonitization from crush breccia to ultramylonite as the Wanapitei fault is approached.

The prevalence of optically observed features such as undulatory extinction, subgrain development and deformation lamellae increases with the mylonitization. The occurrence of these features can be explained in terms of dislocation movements within the quartz crystal lattice.

The mylonites were produced by pure shear or simple shear since on the deformation plot the samples lie between constriction-type deformation and flattening-type deformation with a k = 0.985.

Dislocation climb and glide were the dominant deformation mechanisms operating in these rocks. However, as the grain size is reduced Nabarro-Herring creep may have become a dominant mechanism of the matrix of the mylonites.

abstract: Bachelor of Science (BSc)


title: Computer Analysis of Flow Profiles in Hydraulic Networks

contributor:
Smith, A. A.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Civil and Environmental Engineering

abstract: The report describes an interactive computer program that can be used to determine the steady state piezometric surface profile for given flow conditions in various hydraulic networks. The program is designed for use in a time-sharing mode to facilitate the setup, calibration and modification of cross-sectional data defining a hydraulic network. The network may include open channels (either natural or man made) or closed conduits, or both, in configurations of single reach, multiple tributaries or bifurcated branches with its resultant "island" flows. In addition, bridges, weirs, culverts and manholes can be modelled as transitional structures. There is a choice of six resistance laws which are selected during run time. The network geometry file is stored on secondary devices such that relatively large systems can be handled on computers of moderate size. A large part of the report comprises a set of Appendices which can serve as independent manuals for the use and modification of the programs.

abstract: Master of Engineering (MEngr)


title: AN ANALYSIS OF ROMAN MUTINY NARRATIVES THROUGH MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES

contributor:
Eilers, C.
Haley, E.
Mattison, K.
Classics

subject: mutiny; narrative pattern; Polybius; Livy; Lucan; Tacitus

subject: Classical Literature and Philology

subject: Comparative Literature

subject: Military History

abstract: This paper is concerned with the use of mutiny narratives in historical texts as a microcosm of the historians’ goal of the work as a whole. This study is built upon the recent trend in scholarship, where a particular feature of a text has been studied to provide an analysis on the author or the underlying purpose of his work. Mutinies and, more specifically, mutiny narrative patterns have not been studied to a great extent for this type of analysis. However, based upon their tradition delineation and explanation of events and their ubiquitous speeches, mutiny narratives are capable of providing a new avenue for this type of analysis. The first chapter will look at the mutiny of Scipio Africanus’ troops at Sucro in 206 B.C.E. as presented by the historians Polybius and Livy. Both attempted to organize their works upon particular moral and didactic lines, the results of which are clearly expressed in their construct of the mutiny. This intentional framework is also present in the poet Lucan’s historical epic the Bellum Civile, who shaped the mutiny of Caesar’s troops in 47 B.C.E. in order to express his own belief in the inherent cataclysm and paradox of civil war. Finally these same themes of chaos and contradiction are also present in my third chapter and its analysis of five mutinies found in Tacitus, two in 14 C.E. and three in 69 C.E. under Galba, Otho and Vocula. Tacitus deliberately engineered the earlier mutinies in order to create both thematic and linguistic echoes to the later seditions in order to prove that the same problems that caused the later civil war were present under the earliest emperors.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE GEOMICROBIOLOGY OF SUSPENDED AQUATIC FLOCS: LINKS BETWEEN MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, FE(III/II)-REDOX CYCLING, & TRACE ELEMENT BEHAVIOUR

contributor:
Warren, Lesley
School of Geography and Geology

subject: biogeochemistry

subject: geomicrobiology

subject: iron oxidizing bacteria

subject: iron reducing bacteria

subject: floc

subject: trace metal behaviour

subject: Biogeochemistry

subject: Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology

subject: Geochemistry

subject: Microbial Physiology

subject: Biogeochemistry

abstract:
This doctoral research comparatively assesses the biogeochemical properties of suspended aquatic flocs through a integrated field-laboratory approach; providing new insight into the linkages among floc associated bacteria, floc-reactive solid phases and trace metal uptake.

Results show flocs to possess a distinct geochemistry, microbiology and composition from bed sedimentary materials in close proximity (III-oxyhydroxide minerals (FeOOH); resulting in localized floc-Fe-mineral precipitates and enhanced reactivity. Further, the Fe-enrichment of floc and of floc bio-mineral constituents in turn provides an important and novel lens through which to examine how environmental microbial communities, microbial metabolism and FeIII/FeII redox transformations interact. The results were the discovery of floc-hosted, FeIII/II-redox cycling bacterial consortia across diverse oxygenated (O2Sat.=1-103%) aquatic systems, which were not predicted to sustain bacterial Fe-metabolism. Both environmental and experimentally-developed consortial aggregates constituted multiple genera of aero-intolerant FeIII-reducing and FeII-oxidizing bacteria together with oxygen consuming organotrophic species. These findings highlight that the implementation of geochemical thermodynamic constraints alone as a guide to investigating and interpreting microbe-geosphere interactions may not accurately capture processes occurring in situ.

  Seasonal investigation of microbial FeIII/II-redox transformations highlighted the interdependence of floc Fe-redox cycling consortia members, revealing that cold conditions and a turnover in putative Fe-reducing community membership extinguishes the potential for coupled Fe-redox cycling by wintertime floc bacteria. Further, the observed summer-winter seasonal turnover of in situ floc community membership corresponded with an overall shift from dominant Fe to S redox cycling bacterial communities. This significantly impacted observable floc Fe and TE (Cd, Pb) geochemistry, resulting in a shift in floc associated Fe-phases from dominantly Fe(III)(s)  to Fe(II)(s), and, in turn, corresponded to a large decrease of TE uptake by flocs under ice.

abstract: Doctor of Science  (PhD)


title: Macroeconometric and Input-Output Model of the Iranian Economy

contributor:
D. Butterfield, A. Kubursi, D. Welland
Economics

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
This study analyses some aspects of the behaviour of the Iranian economy over the period 1959-1976 with the help of a macroeconometric and input-output model. The model is both demand and supply oriented. Supply considerations are taken to be the main constraint in the development of the Iranian economy.

Both -the demand and the supply side of the model distinguisr. between consumer and investment goods and services. The interaction of the demand and supply side determines the equilibrium level of domestically produced consumer and investment goods and services, and their corresponding prices. For both types of goods and services, demand is considered to be price sensitive, while the corresponding supply is perfectly price inelastic (in the short-run).

As there is no direct information on consumption and investment goods and services provided by each sector of the economy, the Iranian 1973 input-output table is utilized for this purpose. Values of investment and consumer goods and services produced by each sector are calculated and aggregated over seven sectors, namely, agriculture, construction, manufacturing and mining, transportation and communication, services, oil and water and power, to arrive at the total supplies of consumer and investment goods and services.

Demand for consumer goods and services is disaggregated into three categories: urban, rural, and government consumption. Demand for investment goods and services, which arises in all seven sectors of the economy, is distinguished for both private .and government demand. The purpose of this detailed breakdown of investment demand is to analyze the behaviour of the economy with respect to different government investment policies in the various sectors.

The model is a non-linear stochastic simultaneous system of 107 equations and identities, out of which 42 are behavioural. To deal with the problem of simultanaeity, the model is estimated with a two-stage least-square procedure, using the principal components,method. The estimated model is validated and its performance analyzed through a series of dynamic simulation experiments. The model is used to generate historical forecasts for the Iranian economy, and it could also be applied to ex-ante forecasting.

The present study attempts to examine the effects of different government policies on the agriculture and non-agriculture sectors and their consequence on the economy, through implementations of a series of policy simulations. The study suggests that, although the agriculture sector is less efficient in generating economic activity in the short-run, paying less attention to this sector can generate· inappropriate short-run and long-run socio-economic consequences. Such problems are: increasing the gap between urban and rural standards of living, rapid emigration of the labour force from rural to urban areas, higher prices, wages and costs in the agriculture sector, and rapid increases in imports of consumer goods. Therefore, the policy simulation results suggest that any government development policy should consider both agriculture and non-agriculture sectors despite the fact that in the short-run the former is less efficient in generating higher economic activity.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Solution of Bohr Hamiltonian with Application to High Spin States

contributor:
Volkov, A.B.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
The structure of rare earth nuclei in high spin states is investigated using two collective models. The first model is a generalization of the Variable Moment of Inertia model to allow for axially asymmetric deformation. This model predicts that at sufficiently high spin, the nucleus will minimize its rotational energy by changing from an axially symmetric to an axially asymmetric shape. This sudden shape change can cause a phenomenon described as "backbending". This model also provides a natural explanation for the phenomenon of "forking" as observed in Ba^126 and Os^186.

The second model investigated is the quadrupole collective model of Bohr and Mottelson. The Schroedinger equation with the Bohr-Mottelson Hamiltonian is solved numerically for states with angular momentum as high as 20 h. The method is valid for arbitrary collective potential energy and arbitrary inertial functions. The method involves converting the partial differential equation into a matrix eigenvalue equation using finite difference techniques. The resulting Hamiltonian matrix is diagonalized using the Lanczos algorithm. The results confirm the prediction of the previous model that backbending can result from a shape change. E2 transition rates are calculated and found to agree with rigid rotor estimates to within a factor of 2.

The method of solution of the Bohr-Mottelson Hamiltonian is extended to add particle nuclei. It is found that the B representations of the D2 group are likely to be of physical importance in odd-even nuclei, a result which appears never to have been considered before.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


contributor:
York, Lorraine M.
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
My thesis, Refusing to Hyphenate: Doukhobor Autobiographical Discourse brings together recent theories of autobiography with a consideration of alternative autobiographical writing and speaking made by a Russian-speaking migrant group, the Doukhobors of Canada. The situation of the Doukhobors is ideal for a consideration of alternate autobiographical forms, since Doukhobors have fallen outside liberal democratic discourses of Canadian nationalism, land use and religion ever since their arrival in Canada in 1899. They have turned to alternate strategies to retell their own histories against the grain of the sensationalist image of Doukhobors propagated by government commissions and by the Canadian media. My study is the first to recover archived autobiographical material by Doukhobors for analysis. It also breaks new ground by linking new developments in autobiography theory with other developments in diaspora theory, orality and literacy and theories of performativity, as well as criticism that takes issues about identity and its relationship to power into account.

When they had to partially assimilate by the 1950s, some Doukhobors made autobiographical writings, translations and recordings that included interviews, older autobiographical accounts and oral histories about their identity as a migratory, persecuted people who resist State control. Others recorded their protests against the British Columbian government from the 1930s to the 1960s in collective prison diaries and legal documents. My selections from these writings, interviews and recordings indicate how some Doukhobors use aspects, but not immediately recognizable forms, of autobiographical discourse to engage dominant ideas about nation, property, literacy and bourgeois citizenship which have threatened to erase Doukhobor communities. These strategies combine aspects of "classic" autobiography and Doukhobor ways to remember and recollect which reclaim Doukhobor identities as plural and situated in a Canadian context, but not connected to Canadian identity by a hyphen that keeps Doukhobors forever separate.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Productivity, Technnical Change, and the Rold of R&D: The Case of Public Sector Engineering and Textiles Industries in Egypt 1975-1989

contributor: D.W. Butterfield, A.A. Kubursi, L.J. Magee

subject: Philosophy Economics

abstract:
Egypt suffered from dwindling external sources of finance during the second half of the eighties. There was a strong need for Egypt to rely on its indigenous productive capacity as the driving force for its economic development. Expanding world trade in engineering and textiles industries provided an opportunity for development that was cleverly seized by many developing countries, but not by Egypt.

The main objectives of this research are to identify the specific nature of technical change, measure trends in productivity, test for structural change, and examine the contribution of R&D to production in public sector engineering and textiles industries in Egypt during the period 1975-1989.

Both quantitative and qualitative approaches are used to examine the above issues. Econometric estimation is complemented by descriptive analysis based on field research involving research institutions under study. A good part of and many of the the research is companies based on unpublished materials and data extracted first hand during the course of the work. Of particular importance are interviews held with some of the pioneers of scientific research in Egypt.

The estimation results show that productivity in public sector engineering and textiles firms followed an inverted-U pattern that peaked around 1982-84. While the second half of the seventies witnessed an improvement in performance, in the mid eighties a deterioration started which became particularly evident after 1986. However, R&D played a positive role in the engineering industries in the eighties, suggesting a potential for indigenous R&D.

While these performance trends could be attributed to changes in economic policies, it is suggested that they were primarily affected by 'technological inertia'. Efforts in the sixties to establish a strong technological foundation for industry bore fruit in the seventies. However, limited interest in R&D in the seventies eventually brought about the slack performance of the eighties.

The research findings suggest that Egypt needs a more creative approach to technological management. In particular, technological development is found to be a priority for engineering and textiles industries, which can provide a strong impetus to the country's overall development.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THE OOYS' COHPANIES 1599-1610: A DISCUSSION OF ACTING STYLE

contributor:
Duncan, D.J.M
English

abstract:
This thesis examines the boys' theatre companies with particular emphasis upon the most commercial phase of their history.

Boy actors, however, had been part of English dramatic tradition for several centuries prior to the 1599-1610 period, and their stage history is discussed to illustrate the long-established features of their acting, as well as the companies' economic and social background.

The revival of the boys' companies around 1599 is given special attention as, at this time, the two main companies emerged as almost fully commercial concerns. This section also discusses the more diverse audience these companies were now attracting at the Paul's and Blackfriars theatres, and how such audiences shaped plays and performance.

In order to consider a theory of acting style, a wide selection from the boys' repertory has been examined, and, from this examination, a number of common aspects emerged. These were songs and music, visual effects, emphasis on women and romance, and virtuoso performance. A number of plays, discussed in close detail, discuss the specific nature of performance by the boys.

In general, the thesis considers the strengths and weaknesses of the boys' acting and finally considers the reasons for the companies' demise around 1610.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Tides in the Affairs of Men: The Social History of Elizabethan Seamen, 1580-1603

contributor:
Alsop, J.D.
History

subject: History History

abstract: Early English maritime expansion, and, in particular, the Anglo-Spanish war, have been analyzed by generations of historians. Until recently, the focus has been placed on events and participants "at the top". In the following pages, we will revisit that period but we shall scrutinize it from a different perspective: this is an examination of the men of the seafaring community and their experiences during a particularly volatile period of maritime history. Without a doubt, the seafaring community had to contend with simultaneous pressures from many different directions: shipowners and merchants, motivated by profit, hired seamen to sail voyages of ever-increasing distance which taxed the health and capabilities of sixteenth-century crews and vessels. International tensions in the last two decades of Elizabeth's reign magnified the risks to all seamen, whether in civilian employment or on warships. The advent of open warfare with Spain in 1585 ushered in two major developments. Firstly, there was the privateering war against the Spanish empire, seen by seamen as one of the few economic benefits of the conflict. Seamen, however, were not the only ones who went to sea for pillage and plunder: unprecedented numbers of landsmen were also anxious to participate in the very popular privateering war. This influx tested the cohesion of the maritime community, largely unprotected by a guild or trade group. The other major development was the introduction of large-scale impressment, a deeply resented aspect of any naval war and one that brought uncertainty and great hardship to seamen and their families. During the second half of Elizabeth's reign, seamen were forced into their sovereign's service in large numbers, a rude shock to labourers accustomed to a great deal of employment freedom. The Crown wrongly assumed that these men would be content to act out their parts in a play which it had scripted, wherein the needs of a state in crisis would take precedence over seamen's health and ability to earn a living. Without a naval caste of seamen, the Crown was frustrated by the intractability of a labour group accustomed to a high degree of "shipboard democracy" and a higher standard of working conditions. The relationship between the Crown and its seafarers was a "pullhaul" between a government beset by financial problems of fighting a protracted war on several fronts and frustrated by its limited infrastructure, and employees forced to work in dangerous conditions for substandard wages in an expanding economy. The stresses of the war years tell us much about the dynamic of the maritime community, its members' expectations and their coping strategies. What follows is an examination of a group of labourers whose livelihood, customs, and traditional freedoms were under attack. Unable to take advantage of the increasing societal need for skilled seamen because of the power of the state, the growing numbers of "outsiders", and their weakness as a collective, seamen fought a defensive war: they tried to combat their deteriorating status by holding on tenaciously to their customs in an effort to survive their clash with the state. The fact seamen were ultimately successful is a testament to the tenacity of early modern work culture.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Houses of Bondage, Loopholes of Retreat: Space and Place in Four African American Slave Narratives.

contributor:
Goellnicht, D.
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
slavery
emancipation

abstract:
This thesis examines the relationship between space and the recognition of African American subjectivity in four African American slave narratives: Frederick Douglass's "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" (1845) and "My Bondage and My Freedom" (1855); Harriet Jacobs's "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" (1861); and Elizabeth Keckley's "Behind the Scenes, or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House" (1868).

Influenced by geographer Edward Soja's examination of social space, I argue that the socio-economic relationship between slave owners and slaves produced slave space. The area where slaves lived and worked, it was concrete evidence of the slave's inferior, non-subject status. Slaves, however, asserted their subjectivity by appropriating, shaping, and escaping the spaces to which they were confined. The slaves' shaping of space included the construction of a "homeplace," a domestic space where slaves could recognize each others' subjectivity. In "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass", Douglass documented his escape from Southern slave space to Northern free space, where he hoped to be defined as a subject rather than an object. In "My Bondage and My Freedom", however, this recognition is still to be striven for: it was only experienced in Douglass's grandmother's homeplace.

As a man, Douglass sought access to, and recognition in, public spaces. Harriet Jacobs, however, defends the African American woman's right to occupy a domestic space maintained by her husband, rather than her master. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl documents the violation of the slaves' homeplace, key evidence of their non-subject status.

Finally, I examine Elizabeth Keckley's post-Civil War narrative, arguing that the seamstress saw her access to the White House as evidence that newly emancipated African Americans would be recognized as subjects in the newly reconstituted republic.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Gender, Embodiment and Self-Regulation: Surveillance in Female Distance Running Subcultures

contributor:
White, Phillip
Gillette, James
Bouchier, Nancy
Sociology

subject:
Running
Gender
Embodiment
Sport
Surveillance
Foucault
Women's Studies
Women's Studies

abstract: This thesis draws on data collected through semi-structured interviews with cross country and track athletes to investigate how female distance runners experience their sport in relation to gender and embodiment. The runners identified gender as affecting their sport by way of shorter distances for women’s races, heightened involvement of coaches in corporeal matters such as diet and weight, as well as sex verification policies. Distance running was also specifically identified as a sport that intensifies societal pressures for women to be thin. Grounded in Foucault’s concept of ‘docile bodies’, this thesis explores how dominant discourses on gender and the body are reproduced within the subculture of distance running through surveillance practices.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE CYTOCHROME P450 SUPERFAMILY COMPLEMENT (CYPome) IN THE ANNELID CAPITELLA TELETA

contributor:
Wilson, Joanna Y
Evans, Ben J.
Stone, Jon
Biology

subject:
Cytochrome P450
Capitella Teleta
CYPome
CYP
Sterodogenesis in Annelids
Xenobiotic Metabolism
Bioinformatics
Biology
Bioinformatics

abstract: CYPs are a large and diverse protein superfamily found in all domains of life and are able to metabolize a wide array of both exogenous and endogenous molecules. The CYPome of the polychaete annelid Capitella teleta has been robustly identified and annotated with the genome assembly available (version 1). Annotation of 84 full length and 12 partial CYP sequences predicted a total of 96 functional CYPs in C. teleta. A further 13 CYP fragments were found but these may be pseudogenes. The C. teleta CYPome contained 24 novel CYP families and seven novel CYP subfamilies within existing families. A phylogenetic analysis was completed, primarily with vertebrate sequences, and identified that the C teleta sequences were found in 9 of the 11 metazoan CYP clans. Clan 2 was expanded in this species with 51 CYPs in 14 novel CYP families containing 20 subfamilies. There were five clan 3, four clan 4, and six mitochondrial clan full length CYPs. Two CYPs, CYP3071A1 and CYP3072A1, did not cluster with any metazoan CYP clan. C. teleta had a CYP51A1 gene with ~65% identity to vertebrate CYP51A1 sequences and was predicted to have lanosterol 14 α-demethylase activity. Several CYPs (CYP376A1, CYP3068A1, CYP3069A1, and CYP3070A1) are discussed as candidate genes for steroidogenesis. There are two CYP1-like CYPs and a total of four CYP331s found in C. teleta, which may play a role in PAH metabolism and warrant further analysis.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: THE USE OF LOWER BODY BRACING DURING ONE-HANDED SUBMAXIMAL EXERTIONS WITH EXTENDED REACHES

contributor:
Potvin, Jim R.
Kinesiology

subject:
biomechanics
ergonomics
external support
bracing
constrained reaching
extended reach
Biomechanics
Kinesiology
Life Sciences
Biomechanics

abstract: In many occupational tasks, environmental constraints limit how close a worker can place their body to a desired element of the task. Although this provides an obstacle when performing the task, workplace obstructions can often be used by a worker to externally support their body by means of bracing. The purpose of this thesis was to identify how a worker’s posture would differ when the task must be performed with a constrained reach, compared to having the option to externally support against the thighs. At 4 different task hand Locations, subjects performed 6 exertions, comprised of 2 Loads (27.5 N and 55 N) and 3 Directions (Up, Down, and Pull). Subjects were able to choose if bracing would be used when performing the first 24 trial exertions. After the choice conditions had been collected, trials were performed again with a forced brace or unbraced. The most important finding of this study was that participants were twice as likely to brace when performing a task with a far reach. In addition, average brace forces were approximately 117 N for Up and Pull exertions, and were nearly half that (67 N) for Down exertions. Participants would brace at a lower height at low versus high locations. Flexing the trunk forward and twisting the right shoulder forward, combined with a more flexed task arm and reduced shoulder rotation, allowed participants to adopt a posture where their shoulder was closer to the point of exertion during braced exertions, thereby increasing their functional arm length.

abstract: Master of Science in Kinesiology


title: EQUIVALENECE OF ANTIBODY BINDING TO HLA ON BEADS AND CELLS: CRITICAL TESTS IN TRANSPLANATION

contributor: Medical Sciences (Molecular Virology and Immunology Program)

subject:
HLA
single antigen beads
donor specific antibodies
cross-match prediction
transplantation
Medical Biotechnology
Medical Immunology
Medical Biotechnology

abstract: AMR as a cause of graft rejection has been long recognized and the presence of pre formed antibodies against donor HLA is a risk factor for increased graft rejection. FlowXM is the current clinical gold standard for detecting harmful DSA in the recipients and a positive FlowXM is considered a strong contraindication to transplantation. However, newer techniques such as SAB provide with a highly sensitive and specific method for DSA detection that is unattainable by FlowXM. But due to the intrinsic limitations associated with SAB assays, the clinical relevance of DSA detected on SAB has been highly disputable. Therefore, the overall aim of this study was to investigate the utility of SAB in predicting harmful DSA levels, by establishing a fluorescence range on SAB that correlated to positive FlowXM. This was done by retrospectively testing the highest serum dilutions on FlowPRA SAB that produced positive B or T cell FlowXM from 15 variably sensitized patients. Thus, a very narrow MFI range on SAB was established, for B and T cells separately, that correlated to positive FlowXM. On B cells this correlate ranged from 2780-7772 MFI (Mean MFI =5641), whereas T cell range was 1089-6731 (Mean MFI= 3226). In order to test these ranges for prediction of positive FlowXM, B and T cell FlowXM tests were carried out using various serum/cell combinations. DSA MFI of >3000 on SAB resulted in a significantly higher T cell positive FlowXM (p

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Lord Normanby: A study of the Governorship in the Self-governing Colonies in the Late Nineteenth Century

contributor:
Johnston, C. M.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
This dissertation is concerned with the role of the Governor in the self-governing British colonies and its main purpose is to describe and analyse the salient developments which affected his position in the early years of responsible government - broadly the period from 1850 to 1890.

discussed generally. As essential background, the transfer of constitutional power in mid-century and its continuing devolution thereafter are sketched and the factors operating in Britain and the colonies which produced them are noted. In this framework, the changing status of the Governor both as an imperial officer and as part of the colonial constitutional system is examined. The elements which contributed to the erosion of his status are set out and assessed while the process, which varied in timing and degree from colony to colony, is further traced by means of the experiences and observations of several notable Governors of the period. Interwoven into this study, commentaries of imperial and colonial politicians and officials, of contemporary critics and journalists, and of constitutional theorists and historians serve to illustrate some of the ramifications of the process which by 1890 had reduced the Governor to a shadow of his former power.

The second level of explanation involves a detailed examination of the colonial administrations of George Augustus Constantine Phipps, 2nd Marquis Normanby, who served as a colonial Governor in Nova Scotia, Queensland, New Zealand, and Victoria between 1858 and 1884. Interesting also in its own right, his career exemplifies many of the trends introduced in the general analysis and his clashes with-colonial politicians, his use of the prerogative powers, and his involvment in the implementation of imperial policy in the early years of his career all were common characteristics of the period. The basic contention of this dissertation, that the evolving role of the Governor depended to a large extent on the political condition of particular colonies and comparatively little on legal instruments or imperial will clearly emerges from this stUdy. For this purpose, a close investigation has been made of the political character of the colonies over which Normanby presided.

A subsidiary theme which is developed throughout the study is the growth of the Governorship as a profession. This has again been considered first in a general sense and subsequently by using Lord Normanby's political and colonial career as an example to shed more light on the process. The conclusion reached, however, was that no one Governor could be fully representative of all the features of the new profession given the ever-evolving nature of the position, the variety of men employed in the service, and the distinctive qualities and problems of the various colonies in which they served.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: World War One and National Educational Policy in England

contributor:
McCready, H.W.
History

subject: History History

abstract: This study examines the role of the state in the field of English education over the first two decades of the twentieth century, and, in particular, its development under the impact of the First World War. It is therefore part of the much wider historiographical concern with how far war contributed to advances in social policy and, more generally, to social change in an egalitarian direction. After outlining the role of the state in English education during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the thesis demonstrates that prior to 1914, despite advances in certain areas, there was an increasing awareness of deficiencies and weaknesses in the English educational system. Demand for reform and change arose from certain sections of all political parties, but initiative rested mainly in the hands of the bureaucracy at the Board of Education. On the eve of war, the Asquith Liberal Government had announced plans for the development of English education. These plans included an education bill, drawn up by the Board, the terms of which sought to develop and expand but not to alter the existing structure of English education. Yet, political commitment to such a programme was not strong and agreement was further hindered by sectional interests and the religious conflict in education. The impact of the War acted in a number of related ways. First, it demonstrated the national importance of education, and particularly the claims of scientific and technical instruction. Secondly, the War had an overall destructive effect upon the educational system thereby highlighting pre-war deficiencies and weaknesses. Thirdly, the War created a new concern and demand for 'reconstruction' throughout the whole social and economic fabric. As an important area of social policy, education was therefore accorded a high place in national priorities. Finally, through the formation of the Lloyd George Government in December 1916, the events of war provided the political commitment to change. Despite these new forces and influences, the educational programme initiated during the War demonstrated a significantly high degree of continuity with pre-war policy and plans. This was due in part to the fact that H.A.L.Fisher, the wartime appointed political head of education, was a conservative reformer. However, of some significance was the continuing and important influence of the bureaucrats at the Board of Education. It was their views which counted most in the formulation of educational policy during the War and immediate post-war period. War thus acted as the catalyst rather than the formulator of change. The 1918 Education Act, the most important piece of wartime educational legislation was essentially an expansion of the pre-war education bill. The actual enactment of this measure also demonstrated the continuing significance of sectional interests, despite the sense of national unity engendered by war. The immediate period of post-war re-adjustment led to certain developments, particularly in the areas of secondary, technical and university education. But pressures for wide-ranging advances were resisted. The major theme of policy was still continuity and not change. The transition from war to peace raised new political and economic priorities with little concern for social policy. Further, continuing sectarian conflict and sectional interests hindered educational progress. The general results was that important parts of the reform programme arising out of the War failed to develop. Where change had occurred, it was of a limited nature. The work is based upon a wide variety of sources, both published and unpublished. Particular use is made of the archives of the Board of Education and the available personal papers of the political heads of education during the period under study.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Nature and Divine Love in Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun's Le Roman de la Rose

contributor:
Savage, Anne
English

abstract:
This study examines the relationship between nature and divine love in Guillaume de Lorris (c. 1200-1240) and Jean de Meun's (c. 1235-1305) Le Roman de la Rose. My approach contextualizes the allegorical representations of nature and divine love in the religious, historical, and cultural milieu of the poem.

The introductory chapter foregrounds the poem in two ways: first, in the theologization of 'nature' by the thirteenth century; second, in terms of a vernacular theology about Christ's Incarnation and Passion being for and about everyone because they redeem the human body and soul. Chapter Two introduces natural and cupidinous love, the framework in which the philosophical discussion of the redemption of the human body and soul occurs. The third chapter compares and contrasts Nature and Genius, the allegorical representations of nature and divine love in the poem. Chapter Four, through an examination of the Park of the Lamb, the garden of Deduit and the hierarchy of 'worlds' presented in the Roman, reveals how it is possible for humankind to live according to God's purpose.

Having examined these features of the poem, I arrive at the conclusion that a multiplicity of views are put forth in the Roman, suggesting the necessity of an upheaval of medieval institutions which would, if followed, result in a more equitable way of living. Through the figure Nature, it is revealed to humankind that our humanity is redeemed through God's grace and love and is, consequently, in accord with God's purpose.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Aspects of Images and Meanings in the Roman de la Rose by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun

contributor:
Jeay, Madeleine
French

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Last Stand of the Lubicon; A Case Study of Media Representation of the First Nations, From a Native Perspective

contributor:
Knight, G.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: [missing page 46]

abstract:
This thesis has three major sections. The first section examines representation of Natives by Non-Natives. The history of "The White Man's Indian," sociological intention of constructions this section is discussed in connection with of 'primitive societies'. The of this section is to demonstrate the deep rooted ethnocentric mis-representation Non-Natives have perpetrated about First Nations. The result is a consistent "engineering of consent" to oppress and displace First Nations. The exclusion of the Native voice has suppressed facts that challenge "Western thinking" with regards to development, progress and evolution.

The Native Perspective section outlines the basic themes emerge from analysis of First Nations' statements on their situation. First Nations philosophies are often in conflict with 'Western thinking'. The Native Perspective section focuses on Lubicon Lake Nation's land claim. The Lubicon are given the opportunity to present their struggle through their discourse, recorded during fieldwork at Little Buffalo, Alberta. The Lubicon content is analyzed and then compared to a Native newspaper's coverage of their situation.

The third section is a content analysis of mainstream newscoverage of the Lubicon land claim and blockade. The comparison demonstrates the systematic bias in newscoverage. The three newspapers, two dominant and one Native represent the Lubicon "story" in quite different contexts. The findings demonstrate how the "engineering of consent" is reproduced in contemporary situations.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)