title: Drag Reduction in Aqueous Flow Systems

contributor:
Latto, B.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
This thesis presents an experimental study of the drag reduction effects obtained from injecting additive solutions into a turbulent boundary layer developing over a flat plate submerged in water. Both direct injection, from a reservoir through a slit adjacent to the flat plate test section, and ablative coating methods of introducing the additive were studied.

Drag reduction data were obtained for polymeric and micelle materials. The test conditions included varying the free stream velocity over the plate from 1.9 to 5.4 fps and injecting the additives in concentrations of up to 2000 wppm at rates up to 50 ml/sec over the test section of the flat plate.

It was found that although optimal injection rates exist, drag reduction seems to be a function of how much additive is present in the flow over a test surface and not how it was delivered there. It was also found that ablative coatings of the type used for these experiments seem to have a long life expectancy and produce noticeable drag reduction.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The Status of farm Labour in Saskatchewan

subject: Political Economy

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Power and Property - The Ownership and Control of Canadian Corporations

contributor:
Clement, Wallace
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The thesis locates the Canadian economy, specifically Canadian controlled firms, within an important debate about the nature of corporate capitalist economies. In particular, the thesis responds to the argument that control of the modern corporation has passed to the hands of unpropertied, professional managers whose interests are distinct from those of the capitalist class and who have completely rearranged the direction of corporate policy.

It is suggested that the majority of Canadian controlled firms remain under the control of dominant shareowners. Furthermore, particular aspects of management controlled companies are drawn out and suggestions are presented about the nature, specifically the asset composition, of these firms.

Lastly, the thesis argues that the dispersion of share ownership coincides with a continued movement toward the centralization of corporate control. This movement is discussed in the final chapter.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Making of a Mental Patient: An Ethnographic Study of the Processes and Consequences of Institutionalization on Patient Self-Images and Identities

contributor:
Haas, J.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis presents an updated study of the social world of the mental patient as he/she subjectively experiences it within a Canadian psychiatric setting. Adopting a symbolic interactionist perspective, specifically a labelling approach to the study of mental illness, this thesis examines the 'moral career' of the mental patient. Objectively, this study focuses on some of the processes by which an individual is segregated, labelled, and subsequently treated as mentally ill. Subjectively, this research examines the manner in which an individual's self-identity is transformed upon hospitalization through various stripping procedures, and how he/she, through institutional processing, is forced to adopt a new definition of self as 'mentally ill'--a social identity that may subsequently lead to the person's stigmatization by society. The findings, in support of previous reasearch, indicated that during the pre-patient phase of their moral careers individuals often undergo experiences which they conceive as alienating and treacherous in nature. Moreover, this study also found that although in-patients are subjected to more 'humane' treatment than in the past, they are still subjected to various institutional procedures which serve to strip the person of his/her former identity and force the person to adopt this new identity of mental patient. Although this study is restricted to the general and exploratory level, it provides a contribution to our understanding of the processes and consequences of institutionalization on the self-images and identities of mental patients and toward the formulation of a comprehensive sociological theory of mental illness in general.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Career Contingencies of Rounders

contributor:
Shaffir, William
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis examines the career contingencies of street hustlers or "rounders" from an ethnographic, symbolic interactionists perspective. It examines the contingencies involved in facilitating initial involvements in the rounder subculture, what is involved in maintaining continuity (rounding as a way of life) and how disinvolvement from criminal involvements take place. The information for this thesis is based on interviews and observations of rounders resulting from the author's ten year acqauaintance of the rounder subculture. Salient throughout the thesis is the theme of interrelatedness and activity entanglements, that is the roles of others involved in the rounder subculture in terms of facilitating involvements, continuity and disinvolvements.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Part Time Work In Canada: A Study of Ideology and Implications for Women

contributor:
Synge, Jane
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The purpose of this study is to explore the ideology of part time work and to consider the implications for women, who comprise the majority of part time workers. Ideology is examined through an analysis of the discussion and conceptualisation of part time work in business, trade unions and government. The extent, form and forum of discussion is considered, and assumptions about work, women's work and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of part time work are examined.

Three conceptions of part time work emerge, each referring to different types of work experience: "part time" as a second class employment status; "part time" as part year work; and "permanent part time work" for shorter than normal hours throughout the year. The failure to recognise different uses of the terms and the different experience of work they are, used to describe has concealed the central issues related to part time work. The absence of clear definitions and the reliance on an ideal definition has served to perpetuate the inferior working conditions of part time workers and the interests of business.

The dominant ideology is shown to have several features: part time workers are viewed as temporary, peripheral, useful and cheap. Part time work is seen as suitable for married women and other marginal persons. Serious and responsible work is associated with full-time employment, and there is an acceptance of an hierarchical and split labour force. A counter ideology, or minority view is identified in discussion. Two minority streams, with some overlapping concerns, emerge: the trade unions concern about conditions of work, and concern about equality for women, non-traditional sex-roles and alternative working hours, mainly voiced by women.

In the form in which part time work is presently conceived in dominant ideology it is unlikely to bring equality for women. The dominant ideology reinforces the maintenance of a flexible and unregulated pool of cheaper labour which serves the interests of business. Its perceived suitability for women reinforces the acceptance of sex-segregation in the labour force and maintains traditional sex-roles within the family. The expansion of permanent part time work with adequate working conditions, available for men and women, may minimise these effects.

The study illustrates the ongoing struggle for control over the labour of individual men and women in society. It also illustrates the way in which women's social roles and status, and economic status follow and accommodate to the demands of the market place.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Religious Affiliation and Sooial Class in Ontario

contributor:
Crook, R. K.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: An examination of the role of social class in religious differentiation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Theological And Cultural Foundation For Veneration of Ancestors Among Vietnamese Catholics and Its Liturgical Implications

contributor:
Bellous, Joyce E.
Christian Studies

subject:
Christian Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract:
The practice of ancestral veneration is an integral part of Vietnamese culture and extremely popular among the Vietnamese. Most Vietnamese families, rich or poor, have in their homes an altar specifically designated for this purpose. The altar is a rallying place - a symbol of family solidarity, Around the altar, in the presence of the familial ancestors, all discord is expected ta be put aside. It is also before these altars that all major family decisions are made.

For those Vietnamese who are Catholics, these displays are often created beneath altars dedicated ta Jesus, Mary, or favoured saints. The cult of ancestors plays a significant role in the social lives of Vietnamese families. The practice exhibits qualities of religious dogma and may, in fact, be regarded as a form of national religion. In Vietnam the practice is referred to as Đặο thờ ông bà, which literally means, religion that worships the ancestors.

Catholic missionaries from the West first came ta Vietnam in the sixteenth century. However, the Christian beliefs they brought with them c1ashed with Vietnamese culture, especially with the cult of ancestors. The idea of worshipping other human beings was regarded as heretical by Christian missionaries. Nevertheless, the Vietnamese devotion ta the cult of ancestors has died hard. In spite of the Christian opposition ta it, the practice continues ta be extremely popular. This is so much the case that in some circ1es churches are being urged not ta try ta stamp out ancestral worship, but ta make an effort ta incorporate it into Christian liturgy and worship, a practice known as inculturation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sacrificing Sacrifices: A Discourse Analysis of 1 Corinthians 8:1-11:1

contributor:
Westfall, Cynthia Long
Christian Studies

subject:
Christian Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract: The current scholarly consensus views 1 Corinthians 8:1-11:1 as a coherent response to an inquiry concerning idol food. There are, however, numerous interpretive issues which remain unresolved. After providing a brief introduction to discourse analysis and to the field of Systemic Functional Linguistics, this thesis presents a model of discourse analysis which has been formulated specifically for the study of 8:1-11:1. It then examines the passage's textual, interpersonal, and ideational meanings, seeking to discern how the Greek text hangs together, what kind of social negotiation it performs, and how Paul conceives of the things he is talking about. A concluding chapter brings these three components together and presents a unified reading.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Social Employed Boy

subject: Sociology

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Patterns of Loss, Recovery, and Consolation in Certain Fourteenth Century Poems

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Biosynthesis of Lycopodium Alkaloids

contributor:
MacLean, D.B.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
An investigation of the biosynthesis of lycopodine, the major alkaloid of Lycopodium tristachyum, has revealed that L-lysine, but not D-lysine is incorporated into this alkaloid. D-lysine serves as a precursor to pipecolic acid in this species. Sodium malonate has been demonstrated to be a specific precursor to lycopodine, but attempts to verify the postulated intermediacy of piperidineacetic acid. In the elaboration of this alkaloid were unsuccessful.

As a means of studying the postulated conversion of lycopodine to annotinine, the major alkaloid of Lycopodium annotinum, specifically labelled 9-14C-lycopodine was synthesized. However the specific incorporation into annotinine of several precursors known to be incorporated into lycopodine could not be demonstrated.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Effect of Lime Treatment on the "Soluble" Organics in Domestic Wastewater

contributor:
Murphy, K.L.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
Gel Chromatography has been used in this study to investigate the effect of lime treatment on pure compounds and wastewater samples. Using pure compounds, it was found that porous glass gel, even after coating with carbowax, is unsuitable because of its adsorptive and ion exchange tendencies. With Sephadex gel, proteins and wastewater samples showed a strong dependence on sample inorganic content. While use of an ionic eluant provided consistent elution behavior with proteins and carbohydrates on Sephadex; best elution behavior with wastewater samples was obtained with distilled water eluant.

Chemical treatment at high pH of pure compounds revealed that proteins and polysaccharides are not hydrolysed. However, ribonucleic acid is hydrolysed, and some proteins and humic acid can be precipitated from solution. Lime treatment of wastewater has indicated that the removal of "soluble" organics is highly pH and time dependent. Up to 40% organic removal was obtained by precipitation or adsorption mechanisms. Gel filtration analysis of these samples indicated that lime treatment at different pH levels and residence times has a selective effect on organic fractions. Optimum level for turbidity and phosphate removal with lime is roughly pH I I with greater than 80% removal achieved.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The Movement and Emplacement of the Legions and Auxiliary units of the Roman Army in Moesia from 29 BC to AD 235

contributor:
Haley, E.
Classics

subject: Classics Classics

abstract: This thesis is a history of the legions and auxiliary units of the Roman province of Moesia from 29 BC to AD 235. Some of the principal battles and campaigns undertaken in the area are discussed; however, the focus of the study is the movement of those units both in and out of the province, and also their emplacement, where possible, in the numerous forts so far found in Moesia. A variety of different types of evidence are used: inscriptions, and in particular stone inscriptions and the bronze diplomas are the most valuable sources; the ancient authors are important, and Tacitus, Josephus, Cassius Dio, and Ptolemy are the most valuable, although others are used. There are a handful of conclusions drawn from this study. Generally, during the Julio-Claudian period military units tended to cluster around each other. In the second and third centuries, they are more spread out, and tend to be fairly evenly distributed along the Danube. During the two major campaigns that happened over the course of the years from 29 BC to AD 235, there was a significant influx of troops, and in particular auxiliary units, which were well suited to the conditions. The total legionary disposition remained fairly consistent from Vespasian to Severus Alexander. In the second century, units became stationary and vexillations were often dispatched when the gravity of the moment called for reinforcements.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Moral Factors Involved in Patient Acceptance of Treatment at a Clinic for Alcoholics

contributor:
Finestone, Harold
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis investigates the moral attitudes of patients towards alcoholism, and the relationship between these attitudes and the patients' attendance record at an out-patient clinic for alcoholics. Incorporated within the thesis is a discussion of the definition of alcoholism as an illness and/or the definition of alcoholism as morally wrong and stigmatized. This is reviewed through the pertinent literature and studies of public opinion, medical and social control agencies. A questionnaire designed to explore the attitudes of patients towards alcoholism as morally wrong and/or illness was employed. The results obtained from the questionnaire are compared against the patients' subsequent attendance at the clinic. Discussion of theoretical work and suggestion for further study are included within the thesis.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Ancient DNA from permafrost: Beringian soil provides insights into PCR inhibition and antibiotic resistance

contributor:
Poinar, Hendrik N.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: The manuscripts included here describe two diverse projects that developed from a metagenomic pilot study of 30,OOO-year-old Beringian permafrost. To ensure that high yields of DNA were available for deep amplicon sequencing, our initial efforts focused on measuring PCR inhibition in low copy samples. In the first study, we demonstrate how these measurements can be applied to determine optimal combinations of PCR facilitators and to evaluate the tradeoff in DNA recovery that results from sample dilution. We also discuss the methods of inhibition measurement commonly used (amplification efficiency of the samples or quantification cycle shifts of internai positive controls) and show that neither method should be used alone. The results of our metagenomic study and the rigorous procedures used to authenticate the data are presented in the second report, which focuses on our discovery of antibiotic resistance genes in the same samples; here they provide contextual evidence that the site is free of modern contaminants and anthropogenic factors, offering an ideal setting to study the evolution of resistance prior to the antibiotic era. We report a highly diverse collection of ancient DNA sequences that cluster with those found in characterized tetracycline-, vancomycin-, and penicillin-resistant bacteria, and are distinct from homologues with other functions. To verify the functionality of these genes, we focused on the vanHAX operon, which functions exclusively as a resistant determinant; not. only was the complete operon present, but with successful isolation and expression of vanA, we were also able to confirm the activity and specificity of the D-Ala-D-Lac ligase component. These results have serious implications for responsible antibiotic development and deployment, which must consider the potent ial existence of diverse resistance mechanisms in the environment.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Poverty and Income Effects on Voluntary Association Membership: A Cross-National Comparison

contributor:
Andersen, Robert
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This study examines the influence of individual income and contextual poverty and income inequality on voluntary association membership in Canada and the influence of individual income and contextual poverty cross-nationally. Applying multilevel modelling techniques to data from the 2003 Canadian General Social Survey, the 2001 Census, the 1981-2004 World Values Survey and country-level data on poverty, economic development and religious attendance this study pursues two lines of questioning. The first investigates how individual income level, area poverty and area income inequality affect voluntary association membership in Canada. The second investigates how individual income and contextual poverty affect voluntary association membership across 55 countries. The findings of this study advance our understanding of individual and contextual economic influences on voluntary association membership in new ways, both in terms of the content of the findings and the methods used to categorise voluntary association membership. The findings support claims about the negative effects of individual economic disadvantage, contextual economic inequality and poverty. In doing so, this study contributes important findings to the discipline of sociology and the wider society.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Church in a Rural Community

subject: Sociology

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The effect of the American tariff on the agriculture of Ontario and Quebec, 1867-1936

subject: Political Economy

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Incorporating cognitive support in investment DSS

contributor:
Hassanein, Khaled
Management Science/Systems

subject: Business

subject: Management Information Systems

subject: Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods

subject: Business

abstract:
The financial well-being of individuals depends on the appropriateness of their investment decisions. As the world is moving from defined benefit (DB) pension plans to defined contribution (DC) pension plans, the burden of making the right investment decisions has now shifted to employees. One implicit assumption about this global trend is that plan participants are capable of making sound decisions themselves. However, several studies have demonstrated that people often fall prey to various psychological biases and make flawed investment decisions.

The use of computers in support of decision-making is not new. For several decades, the finance and investment sectors have extensively used different computing methods and technologies collectively known as decision support systems (DSS) to support investors. However, the type of support provided by such DSS has primarily been quantitative in nature. As such, existing investment DSS do not assist decision makers in overcoming the impact of their psychological biases, which have been shown to play a critical role in investment decision-making. The overall objective of this research is to investigate the potential for building a human-centered investment DSS that can provide qualitative support to investors.

In this research, a theoretical framework of investment decision-making is proposed by using the psychological concepts of beliefs, preferences and attitudes. Major investment-related biases are identified and a taxonomy is suggested to classify them as cognitive, affective, and conative.

An empirical study involving 119 subjects was conducted to verify the impact of cognitive biases in investment decision-making and to assess the effectiveness of decision aids in lowering the impact of such biases on the ability of investors to make sound investment decisions. In this study, feedback and graphical aids were provided as cognitive support in six investment decision-making tasks involving framing, representativeness, and ambiguity biases. A large majority of subjects exhibited the influence of these biases in their investment decision-making. Cognitive support was found to significantly improve asset allocation decisions for most subjects. Demographic variables collected during the experiment enabled several analyses leading to some additional interesting observations. Findings from this study indicate the usefulness of personalization in investment DSS.

This research culminated with a vision toward the development of a human-centered investment DSS that may provide qualitative support to its users. Different philosophical inquiring systems were described as potential debiasing strategies for the proposed DSS. An architecture was suggested for implementing such a DSS with a detailed example illustrating the feasibility of the proposed system. The dissertation concludes with an outline of potential contributions of this study and directions for future research in this area.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Competition and cooperation in supply chains: Game-theoretic models

contributor:
Parlar, Mahmut
Hassini, Elkafi
McCabe, Peter
Business

subject: Business Business

abstract:
In this thesis we focus on applications of game theory in supply chain management (SCM). Most significant---and interesting---topics arising in SCM are concerned with the coordination/cooperation and competition among supply chain members. Since the theory of non-cooperative and cooperative games is used for the analysis of situations involving conflict and cooperation, it has become a commonly-used methodological tool in investigating supply chain-related problems.

We start with an introduction in Chapter 1. In this chapter, we briefly describe game theory and SCM, and the organizational structure of this thesis. Next, we present a literature review for game theoretical applications in SCM in Chapter 2. This chapter reviews more than 130 papers concerned with supply chain-related game models, which are categorized based on a topical classification scheme. In Chapter 3, we consider a free shipping problem in a B2B setting. We model the problem as a leader-follower game under complete information with a seller as the leader and a buyer as the follower, and compute the Stackelberg solution for this game. In Chapter 4, we analyze the problem of allocating cost savings in a three-level supply chain involving a supplier, a manufacturer and a retailer. We use concepts from the theory of cooperative games to find allocation schemes for dividing the total cost savings among the three members. Chapter 5 considers game-theoretic models of lead-time reduction in a two-level supply chain involving a manufacturer and a retailer. In this chapter, we first develop a leader-follower game where the manufacturer determines the components of his lead-time and the retailer decides on her order quantity. This game is solved to find the Stackelberg equilibrium. We also investigate the cooperation between the two members and design a linear side-payment contract for this supply chain. Our thesis ends with a conclusion in Chapter 6.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Physics of Mergers: Theoretical and Statistical Techniques Applied to Stellar Mergers in Dense Star Clusters

contributor:
Sills, Alison
Harris, William
Harris, William
Physics and Astronomy

subject: population statistics

subject: blue straggler

subject: collision

subject: dynamics

subject: globular cluster

subject: gravity

subject: Stars, Interstellar Medium and the Galaxy

abstract:
In this thesis, we present theoretical and statistical techniques broadly related to systems of dynamically-interacting particles. We apply these techniques to observations of dense star clusters in order to study gravitational interactions between stars. These include both long- and short-range interactions, as well as encounters leading to direct collisions and mergers. The latter have long been suspected to be an important formation channel for several curious types of stars whose origins are unknown. The former drive the structural evolution of star clusters and, by leading to their eventual dissolution and the subsequent dispersal of their stars throughout the Milky Way Galaxy, have played an important role in shaping its history. Within the last few decades, theoretical work has painted a comprehensive picture for the evolution of star clusters. And yet, we are still lacking direct observational confirmation that many of the processes thought to be driving this evolution are actually occuring. The results presented in this thesis have connected several of these processes to real observations of star clusters, in many cases for the first time. This has allowed us to directly link the observed properties of several stellar populations to the physical processes responsible for their origins.

We present a new method of quantifying the frequency of encounters involving single, binary and triple stars using an adaptation of the classical mean free path approximation. With this technique, we have shown that dynamical encounters involving triple stars occur commonly in star clusters, and that they are likely to be an important dynamical channel for stellar mergers to occur. This is a new result that has important implications for the origins of several peculiar types of stars (and binary stars), in particular blue stragglers. We further present several new statistical techniques that are broadly applicable to systems of dynamically-interacting particles composed of several different types of populations. These are applied to observations of star clusters in order to obtain quantitative constraints for the degree to which dynamical interactions affect the relative sizes and spatial distributions of their different stellar populations. To this end, we perform an extensive analysis of a large sample of colour-magnitude diagrams taken from the ACS Survey for Globular Clusters. The results of this analysis can be summarized as follows: (1) We have compiled a homogeneous catalogue of stellar populations, including main-sequence, main-sequence turn-off, red giant branch, horizontal branch and blue straggler stars. (2) With this catalogue, we have quantified the effects of the cluster dynamics in determining the relative sizes and spatial distributions of these stellar populations. (3) These results are particularly interesting for blue stragglers since they provide compelling evidence that they are descended from binary stars. (4) Our analysis of the main-sequence populations is consistent with a remarkably universal initial stellar mass function in old massive star clusters in the Milky Way. This is a new result with important implications for our understanding of star formation in the early Universe and, more generally, the history of our Galaxy. Finally, we describe how the techniques presented in this thesis are ideally suited for application to a number of other outstanding puzzles of modern astrophysics, including chemical reactions in the interstellar medium and mergers between galaxies in galaxy clusters and groups.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: REGULATION OF DOPAMINERGIC AND IMMUNE MARKERS IN THE RAT STRIATUM: EXPLORING THE MODULATORY EFFECTS OF D2R ANTAGONISM, SERT INHIBITION, ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT AND MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION

contributor:
Mazurek, Michael
Rosebush, Patricia
Doering, Laurie
Health Sciences

subject:
dopamine
microglia
GSK
psychotropic medications
serotonin
Neurosciences
Neurosciences

abstract:
Several classes of psychotropic medications are known to produce neurological side effects. It has long been recognized that antipsychotic drugs classically block the D2 subtype of DA receptors inducing a range of acute and subacute extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS), including parkinsonism and akathisia, as well as chronic syndromes such as tardive dyskinesia. More recently, SSRI-type drugs, which, as the name suggests, inhibit the serotonin transporter (SERT), and have been found to induce a similar profile of EPS. It is unclear how medications with such different pharmacological actions can produce similar neurological side effects. The goal of this thesis was to study the neurochemical alterations induced by antipsychotic and SSRI medications, with a specific focus on the nigrostriatal pathway, the causative location of parkinsonism.

Environmental enrichment and exercise (EE) has been shown to have protective effects in various neurological settings. In the first experiment, we studied the changes induced by SERT inhibition compared to those induced by a non-pharmacological form of therapy, namely, environmental enrichment with exercise. The SSRI, fluoxetine (FLX) significantly reduced the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (pGSK-3β-inactive), while increasing phosphorylated TH (pTH) in the striatum (STR). EE also reduced TH and increased pTH, but contrary to FLX, it significantly increased striatal pGSK-3β protein expression.

Microglia, the brain’s primary immune cells, have been implicated in several neuroinflammatory conditions, including Parkinson’s disease. The purpose of the second experiment was to explore the modulatory effects of microglia on neuroleptic-induced changes in the nigrostriatal system. The typical antipsychotic, haloperidol (HAL), did not affect the overall levels of TH, though it did induce a robust increase in pTH. The microglial NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin (APO), significantly attenuated this increase in pTH. HAL also induced a significant increase in striatal pGSK-3β, while apocynin, rather surprisingly, induced a stark decrease in pGSK-3β protein expression.

The results of this thesis indicate that both pTH and pGSK-3β are intriguing markers to study in the context of dopamine neurotransmission. In addition, EE proved to be a valuable modality in which to compare the downstream effects of pharmacological treatment. It is also clear that microglia fulfill an undefined, but fascinating role as modulators of neural transmission.

abstract: Master of Science in Medical Sciences (MSMS)


title: Bertrand Russell's Earlier Views on the Nature of Mind and Matter: 1911-1919

contributor:
Shalom, A.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This thesis traces the development in Bertrand Russell's thought concerning the nature of mind and matter between the years 1911 and 1919. It begins by examining the qualified dualism he advanced in The Problems of Philosophy and, while questioning Russell's reasoning and arguments, it follows the progression of his thought through its evolution until, with the publication of "On Propositions: what they are and how they mean", it reaches its neutral monistic phase.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Myth and Metaphysics in the Fourth Gospel: A Dialectical Approach to John's Gospel

contributor:
Runesson, Anders
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis is an experiment in using Fredric Jameson's dialectical Marxist henneneutics, particularly as articulated in his The Political Unconscious, to read a specific New Testament text, the Prologue to the Gospel of John. The Prologue shall be read through three semantic horizons: the literary, the narrowly social and the broadly economic. It will be argued that the Prologue contains a co-occurrence of mythic narrative and metaphysical discourse; that this co-occurrence of mythic narrative and metaphysical discourse can be understood as a result of the co-o1ccurrence of lower and higher social strata within early Christian communities; and that this co-occurrence of lower and higher social strata can itself be understand as the: vestigial presence of formerly dominant modes of production within the mode of production that dominated the broader historical context in which these communities were located.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Problem With Eric Voegelin's Historical Conception of Philosophy

contributor:
Weeks, I.
Whillier, W.
Greenspan, L.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This thesis is a critical examination of Eric Voegelin's historical conception of philosophy. Voegelin is of particular relevance to a student of religion in that he argues that philosophy and history can only be properly understood in terms of a "divine ground." Central to this thesis, then, is the attempt to understand in what sense philosophy and history can be spoken of in relation to a divine ground, how that ground is known, and what it is.

Voegelin's arguement is wide-randging: it involves 1) a powerful criticism of contemporary understandings of science and philosophy; 2) a detailed argument about the proper nature of political science; 3) an extensive analysis of the main political-philosophical writings of the West, particularly those of Plato and Aristotle. The scope of his writings and so of his argument presents a problem for any analysis - but I will be selective in terms of the issues raised in the first paragraph.

A substantial part of this thesis involves the attempt to clarify and recount Voegelin's argument as he makes it in his various writings. However, I think that certain critical questions can be raised about. his position and these will be developed as his position is clarified.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Joe-Job, McJob, Not a Real Job: A Study of Working Post-Secondary Students in the Greater Toronto Area

contributor:
Lewchuk, Wayne
Work and Society

subject:
Social Work
Work, Economy and Organizations
Social Work

abstract: Unpredictable schedules, low pay and poor treatment are all too often central characteristics of the types of employment post-secondary students are able to find. Coupled with rising tuition many students face increased pressure to balance paid employment with their studies. The largest proportion of working students are found in the retail, hospitality and food services industries, where employer demands for flexibility are high. This thesis aims to understand how student working conditions affect their ability to pursue their education. The study posits the question as to whether the employment 'opportunities' available to students, where scheduling demands are high, risk affecting the very education they are working to pursue. How then do students navigate the difficult decision about whether to seek out paid employment or rely on student loans? The thesis also works to briefly examine if and how neo-liberal restructuring has exasperated conditions for student workers.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Does He Protest Too Much? James's Relationship with Hegel

contributor:
Allen, Barry
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: William James's treatment of G. W. F. Hegel is often vitriolic and hostile. James advanced arguments against virtually every aspect of Hegelian philosophy. Despite the widespread grievances James found in Hegel's work, there are a growing number of philosophers who argue that James was in actuality a latent Hegelian himself. On the other side of this debate are those who believe that James provided a final and devastating critique from which Hegel could never escape. This thesis considers both positions and renders a number of historical judgements regarding the relationship between James and Hegel. First, one ought not. to consider James a Hegelian. Any attempt to construe James as one must severely distort James's work. Second, despite the volume of arguments against Hegel James provides, the strongest argument is that of vicious abstractionism. Lastly, while vicious abstractionism may provide the basis for a strong argument against Hegel, it cannot be taken as a decisive victory over him. This is because James saw his brand of pragmatism as a mediator between different philosophies present in the philosophical discourse, a conversation from which Hegelian philosophy had all but removed itself in James's time. The concept of vicious abstractionism represents James's attempt to bring Hegelian philosophy back into the discourse through exposing an underlying flaw in its psychology. Aside from providing a resolution to the debate surrounding James's supposed Hegelian leanings, this thesis demonstrates how current pragmatists can enjoy a cautious rather than hostile relationship with Hegel.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: STREAMS OF THOUGHT: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF WILLIAM JAMES

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
By establishing William James' The Principles of Psychology as a significant work in the history of psychology, Streams of Thought: The Psychology of William James secures the criticisms of the traditional approaches to the theory of mind and paths a productive course for the study of the human being and his or her relation to the world. Streams of Thought explores the dismantling of the historically held distinctions between mind and body, emotion and reason, and knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge about. In place of these long-held dualisms, what is revealed in the Principles is a psychology that is rooted in a mind indistinguishable from body and a theory of knowledge that is anti-representational.

Streams of Thought follows James' initial attempt to limit the science of mental life to the positive methodology of the natural sciences and charts the difficulties that arise out of this methodology. What is argued for in this thesis is a theory of psychological and existential inquiry that refuses a reductive explanation and exalts a theory of subjectivity that is rooted in the living world. Specific topics such as perception, sensation, attention, habit, interest and belief are explored through this work and defended in such a way that their conclusions are relevant to the modem discourses of phenomenological inquiry, the philosophy of mind, and the cognitive sciences. The central discovery of this interpretation is reconciliation between our empirical human sciences and our concrete existence.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Isocrates the Philosopher

contributor:
Hitchcock, D.L.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
This thesis is an examination of Isocrates' claim to being a philosopher. Isocrates is often discredited as a philosopher because he thought the pursuit of abstract arguments about metaphysics, axiology, and human nature do not really constitute the love of wisdom. Real wisdom, for Isocrates, lays in understanding how to put knowledge to practical use. This ability is exemplified in the intellectual excellence phronesis. Those with phronesis are able to produce reasonable opinions that have practical benefits. The soundness of such conjectures is not presented through geometric proof; rather, Isocrates argues in a way that he deems suitable for the topic at hand.

For Isocrates, the most important issue for deliberation is the course of human affairs, especially those of the community. However, justifying a given course of action requires a different means of argumentation than what one may use when justifying a mathematical conclusion. Isocrates rejected the Platonists' goal of strictly governing all praxis by reference to the forms because he contended that there are no hard and fast rules about how to apply knowledge in a given situation. The person of practical wisdom does not seek to eliminate the role chance plays in the outcome of a decision because such a feat is impossible; instead, he or she minimizes the influence of luck by grounding doxai in reference to the past or common knowledge.

Since Isocrates highly values practical wisdom, philosophy is defined as the pursuit, or study, that can provide the kind of insight which improves the power to generally determine what is the most expedient course. It is the man of sound opinion that Isocrates calls the philosopher.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: REGULATION OF GROWTH ARREST SPECIFIC (GAS) GENE p20K IN HYPOXIA

contributor:
Bedard, Andre
Nurse, Colin
Nurse, Colin
Biology

subject:
Hypoxia
Growth Arrest Specific
C/EBP
HIF
Quiescence
p20K
Biology
Biology

abstract:
A microarray analysis of RNA from contact inhibited CEF indicated a hypoxic signature in the contact inhibition program of gene expression (Ghosh et al., 2009). The purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether GAS genes known to be induced during contact inhibition are inducible by hypoxia. The gene p20K was selected as the model for this investigation because it is a growth arrest specific (GAS) gene with a well-characterized promoter (Mao et al., 1993). p20K expression was shown to be positively regulated in hypoxia. It was then determined by transient expression assay that this induction occurred at the promoter level. Interestingly by dissecting the promoter it was found that the quiescent responsive unit (QRU) was required for promoter induction during hypoxia. It has previously been shown that the QRU was required for contact inhibition induction of p20K in a C/EBPβ dependent manner (Mao et al., 1993; Kim et al., 1999).

The mechanism behind hypoxic induction of the QRU was then investigated. The kinetics of HIF1α and p20K induction during hypoxia demonstrated that HIF1α was transiently expressed between 2-8 hrs of hypoxia while p20K was induced after 8 hrs of hypoxia. Co-Immuniprecipitation assay was also used to determine if a HIF1α-C/EBPβ interaction occurred, however, this molecular interaction could not be shown. These experiments suggests that HIF1α is not involved with the induction of the QRU. Over-expression of the dominant negative C/EBPβΔ184 repressed p20K induction, thus implicating C/EBPβ in activation in both contact inhibition and hypoxia. We also observed by western blot analysis that the C/EBP family member CHOP was repressed during hypoxia, causing a decrease in the amount of CHOP-C/EBPβ complexes in the cell. It was also found that over-expression of CHOP antagonized the induction of p20K by hypoxia. In conclusion hypoxia represses CHOP levels resulting in an increase of potent C/EBPβ homodimers at the expense of the inactive CHOP-C/EBPβ heterodimers.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Exploring Time-Space Constraints and Health Status In Two Neighbourhoods in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

contributor:
Eyles, John D.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: The population health approach is the main organizing framework for this thesis as it examines health from a holistic lens recognizing the importance physical, social, economic and environmental influences. Both time-geography and health-geography approaches have been utilized in the research to gain a better understanding of how time, space, and health are interconnected for neighbourhood perceptions and health status. This qualitative parallel case study examines behaviour at the neighbourhood level in an attempt to understand how individuals approach everyday life circumstances and perform activities in their own physical environment while experiencing spatial and temporal constraints and opportunities. This study serves to create an understanding of time, space and health at the local level by examining two local communities within Hamilton, Ontario. The industrial neighbourhood (n=20), and the mountain neighbourhood (n=20) were selected as study areas due to their contrasting physical, social, economic, and environmental characteristics. Results indicate differences in self-rated health status, time-use patterns, and uses of space in the two communities. The mountain neighbourhood reported higher levels of self-reported health, complex schedules, and greater spatial mobility within and outside of the local environment. The industrial neighbourhood reported lower self-rated health, were also highly mobile within and outside their local environment and maintained complex time-use patterns. Results from this study add to the growing body of literature on time, space, and health, but also offer methodological contributions in the way of linking time and health-geography methodology within a qualitative study. Findings may also be used to inform policy and lead to a better understanding of temporal-spatial dimensions of health.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Walter Benjamin's Messianic Politics: Between Marxism and Messianism

contributor:
Kroeker, Travis P.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis explores the messianic politics that Walter Benjamin develops in his "Theses on the Philosophy of History" by examining the relationship between historical materialism and theology that he proposes in the first thesis. I therefore begin by examining Benjamin's conception of historical materialism in order to differentiate it from Marx's and to elucidate the way in which Benjamin seeks to reorient proletarian praxis. I argue that Benjamin seeks to solve the proletariat's problems of organization (to which Marx's conception of revolution has given rise) by resituating history and proletarian praxis within the frame of a messianic apocalyptic. I then attempt to reconstruct the major features of this apocalyptic by showing the connections between Benjamin's cryptic theological formulations in the "Theses" and the thematically similar formulations scattered throughout some of his other writings (in particular, "Critique of Violence," the "Theological-Political Fragment," and The Origin of German Tragic Drama). I clarify the way in which Benjamin's theological messianism enables him to offer a critique of profane politics that eschews the doctrine of progress which has caused the proletariat to forsake its revolutionary vocation. Furthermore, I show how Benjamin's critique of profane politics also specifies a mode of enactment that is messianic in that it orients the subject to activity which participates in history's coming to fulfillment.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN CDMA-BASED COGNITIVE AND COOPERATIVE NETWORKS

contributor:
Zhao, Dongmei
Terry Todd, Ted Szymanski
Terry Todd, Ted Szymanski
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
cognitive radio network
proportional fairness
scheduling
admission control
QoS
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract: In this thesis we study radio resource management (RRM) in two types of CDMA-based wireless networks, cognitive radio networks (CRNs) and cooperative communication networks. In the networks, all simultaneous transmissions share the same spectrum and interfere with one another. Therefore, managing the transmission power is very important as it determines other aspects of the network resource allocations, such as transmission time and rate allocations. The main objective of the RRM is to efficiently utilize the available network resources for providing the mobile users with satisfactory quality of service (QoS).

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Selected Problems of Machine Tool Chatter

subject: Engineering Engineering

abstract:
This work applies previous research in the field of chatter in metal cutting to some practical problems of chatter during metal removal.

Investigations into the stability of a machine tool structure were performed in order to make an analysis of the present stability during machining and how the level of stability can be increased.

Computation of the dynamic response of a grinding spindle was carried out as an example of a typical procedure usually used in checking a design change with respect to requirements resulting from stability analysis.

A practical case of chatter in milling slots in an automobile component was examined. A simplified experimental analysis was used and two possible solutions investigated; one of eliminating regeneration of vibration and the other of using a damper.

The last part deals with an attempt to solve the problem of pseudostatic instability in reaming tapered holes.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: GENETIC DISRUPTION OF ACETYL COA CARBOXYLASE PHOSPHORYLATION BY AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INCREASES LIVER LIPID ACCUMULATION AND INSULIN RESISTANCE

contributor:
Steinberg, Gregory R.
Mark Tarnopolsy, Alison Holloway
Mark Tarnopolsy, Alison Holloway
Medical Sciences

subject: obesity

subject: diabetes

subject: fatty liver

subject: NAFLD

subject: insulin resistance

subject: Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition

abstract:
In obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with the development of hepatic insulin resistance. Acetyl coA carboxylase (ACC), which exists as two separate isoforms (ACC1 and ACC2), is an important metabolic enzyme which controls the production of the metabolic intermediate malonyl coA, and hence, fat metabolism. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to inhibit ACC activity by phosphoryating ACC1 at Ser79 and ACC2 at Ser221. The objectives of this were to determine the physiological importance of AMPK phosphorylation of ACC as it relates to the development of NAFLD and insulin resistance.

We examined the metabolic phenotype of C57Bl6 mice with a targeted ACC1 Ser79 to Ala and ACC2 Ser221 to Ala double knock-in mutation (ACC DKI), which would inhibit AMPK phosphorylation of ACC and compared them to wild-type (WT) mice. Basic body characteristics, assessment of insulin sensitivity, and assessment of liver steatosis were used.

ACC DKI body mass and energy expenditure were not different compared to WT. Liver ACC activity and malonyl coA were higher in ACC DKI mice. The livers of ACC DKI mice displayed greater triacylglycerol accumulation and aggregation of neutrophils. ACC DKI mice were insulin resistant as shown by: higher fasting blood glucose and insulin, glucose and insulin intolerance, liver insulin resistance, and impaired insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate.

In summary, we have shown that the phosphorylation of ACC1 Ser79 and ACC2 Ser221 is critical for maintaining ACC activity and malonyl coA levels in the liver. The dysregulation of this pathway results in liver fat accumulation and the development of insulin resistance. These studies demonstrate that AMPK phosphorylation of ACC is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: THE INTERPRETATION OF BIBLICAL POLITICAL THOUGHT IN LEVIATHAN

contributor:
Weeks, I. G.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This thesis addresses the general question of the relation between the Bible and the rise of modern political thought. It begins from the observation that Hobbes, Spinoza, and Locke were simultaneously the founders of liberal thought and interpreters of the Bible. It then attempts to argue that Hobbes's Leviathan is a work which is Biblical in thought and presentation.

In the !first chapter, there is a general discussion of Hobbes's explicit interpretation of the Bible, which shows his reading to be plausible at many points but suspect at others. Finally the discussion points to the Old Testament as the key' to understanding Hobbes's ambiguous interpretation. The second chapter shows that Hobbes implicitly presents themes from the Five Books of Moses (Torah) creation, divine speech, covenant, law -- throughout his work. The third chapter takes up this lead, and in a tentative exploration of the Torah's political teaching finds that Hobbes has adopted the political thought of the ! Torah while rejecting its theological claims.

The conclusion suggests that the political thought I of liberal democracies, following the lead of Hobbes and like thinkers, has turned away from classical and Christian precepts and toward those of the Old Testament.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE RELATION OF RELIGIOUS AND METAPHYSICAL INQUIRY IN THE THOUGHT OF ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD

contributor:
Robertson, John C.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The major finding of this study is that Whitehead is engaged in a religious as well as a metaphysical inquiry. This religious inquiry is not confined to the dogmas of one religion but seeks to outline the logical structure of rational religious inquiry itself. Whitehead tries to show through an examination of phenomenological evidence that the basic question addressed by high religions is "What is the character permanently inherent in the universe'?" The religious answer is not a dogmatic formulation but an intuition that settles conjointly the value of individuals for themselves and for each other and the value of the objective universe. But there can be no confirmation of the validity of a religious intuition.apart from some definite metaphysical way of conceiving the universe. Thus rational religion must have recourse to metaphysics for a scrutiny of its terms.

Examination of Whitehead's metaphysics reveals that it is not a deductive system 'based upon self-evident premises. Deduction can only magnify the testability of premises. Before systematization begins and after it has been Concluded the speculative philosopher must continue to confront, his tentative formulations with the circumstances to which they should apply. Metaphysics is an ongoing adventure in the clarification of thought. Examination of Whitehead's metaphysical inquiry indicates that while religion may serve as a source of suggestions as to how to conceive the ultimate features of everything that is, the final judgment as to what sorts of things there are and how they are interrelated are metaphysical decisions to be made on the basis of metaphysical criteria and not upon the basis of peculiarly religious evidence. The major instance where the generality of Whitehead is metaphysics might seem to be compromised by the introduction of a religious presupposition is the use of the concept "God" within his metaphysics. It is concluded that God is not introduced into his metaphysics as the logical subject of a particular religious intuition. God is introduced as a derivative metaphysical concept and the question of how this concept is to be understood and whether it refers to anything real is to be determined on the basis of metaphysical considerations.

At the point at which metaphysics is introduced into the structure of religious inquiry the question arises as to whether Whitehead's metaphysics compromises the generality of his religious inquiry. The first point to note is that any rational religion must have recourse to metaphysics to affirm the objective validity of its doctrines. It is clear that a metaphysics will not adjudicate seriously conflicting metaphysical presuppositions of different rational religions and find them equally valid. But this does not mean that serious discussion between conflicting religious traditions is arbitrarily terminated by the imposition of a metaphysics. In these instances a basic religious disagreement deepens into a basic metaphysical disagreement. The conflict is an invitation to a discussion of the first principles of metaphysics. This study also suggests that in his postulation of first metaphysical principles Whitehead does not arbitrarily dismiss divergent metaphysical conclusions.

Given the validity of Whitehead's metaphysics the question arises of how much can be affirmed solely upon the basis of an abstract general metaphysics and whether religion in any sense can be said to go beyond metaphysics. In Whitehead's view metaphysics does go beyond a mere intellectual unity of experience. The intellectual unity discerned by metaphysics is only a bringing to self-reflective awareness a unity that is already present at a more fundamental level of experiencing. However, in this study no adequate answer is found to the question of the extent to which metaphysics is demonstrative of more than an abstract intellectual unity in experience. It is concluded that in at least one sense religion does go beyond metaphysics. What escapes metaphysics is the concrete particularity of personal experience and the uniqueness of great religious insights whose "originality is the very element in their expression which remains unformularized" CRM 131). Religions claim more definite and concrete knowledge of the nature of things than can be ascertained on the basis of a general metaphysics. Given that these claims are consonant with the conclusions of metaphysics it is appropriate to assess these more detailed claims on the basis of more special evidence religious or otherwise (UM 107).

This thesis has found sufficient evidence to conclude that Whitehead is engaged in a religious inquiry whose purpose is to identify the sphere of religious activity in human life and to present an analysis of religious inquiry itself. The introduction of metaphysics into that inquiry has been examined in some detail. A partial answer has been suggested to the question of the degree to which religion may be said to go beyond truths discerned in a general metaphysics. The precise nature of the relation of ~his analysis of religious inquiry to Whitehead's fully developed discussion of the notion of God is a topic awaiting further exploration as is also the question of "the degree to which Whitehead's metaphysics may be considered demonstrative of more than an abstract intellectual unity of experience.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Liberalism and Minority Rights: The Issue of Faith-Based Arbitration within Liberal Democracies

contributor:
Waluchow, Wilfrid
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: In recent years there has been growing concern in liberal democracies over the legitimacy of accommodating religious diversity. In particular, the issue of faithbased arbitration - ~s well as the whole of Islamic Sharia law - has come under public attention with regards to whether religious arbitration can be allowed in areas of family and personal law. The current project examines the possibility of faith-based arbitrati~n within liberal democracies. In attempting to do so, a critical examination of the relationship between culture and liberalism is examined. It is argued, alongside the works of Will Kymlicka and Joseph Raz that liberal theorists! have overlooked or at the very least underappreciated the contributing role of culture to individuals' pursuit of the good. More importantly, if culture is to be understood as playing a significant role in regards to individual ends, then· there will be a need to go further than just tolerating different cultures. What may be required is state support of different cultures within the liberal framework. However, given the importance of recognizing and supporting cultural practices, there still remains a need to ensure that the practices fall within liberal parameters. Hence, it is further argued that liberal checks and balances need to be met in order for cultural practices to be supported. In particular, both the harm principle and the principle of autonomy need to be met if practices are to be given the status of 'moral acceptability'. Along with examining the role of I culture within libera~ism, other areas of liberalism are examined. Most notably, the role of autonomy within liberalism is investigated as well as some of the difficulties associated with the principle of state neutrality.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sakra in Early Buddhist Art

contributor:
Granoff, Phyllis
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The following thesis traces the development of Indra/Sakra in Buddhist iconography in India up to the third century A.D. The change in representations of Indra/Sakra parallels a larger evolution of popular Buddhism itself from a religious system, in which the figure of the historical Buddha was predominant, into a devotional cult centered on the figures of both the historical Buddha and numerous boddhisattvas. The study thus highlights one aspect of this shift in emphasis from early Hinayana Buddhism to Mahayana Buddhism. Art forms in conjunction with relevant texts provide the context in which Indra appears in early Buddhist art (around the first century B.C.E) and his subsequent development in Mahayana art (early Gandhara and Mathura).

The first chapter reviews the character of Indra in non-Buddhist contexts: the Vedic and Epic traditions. Evidence from these periods provides the context out of which the Buddhist Sakra emerged. The Vedic Indra developed into the Epic Indra from which the Buddhist Sakra seems to have evolved.

At the early Buddhist sites of Saffichi and Bharhut Sakra emerges as a devotee of the Buddha. He appears in iconography and relevant texts, in a narrative context as one of several characters in the Jataka tales. He is identifiable either by his iconographic form (a royal figure who sometimes wears a cylindrical crown specific to him and who carries a vajra and/or jar of amrta), or by virtue of the context in which he appears.

At Gandhara and Mathura Sakra becomes a figure of greater complexity who is often removed from any narrative context. Sakra and Brahma attend the Buddha in prototypical representations of the Buddhist triad (the Buddha and two boddhisattvas). This triad signals an important development in the art and theology of Buddhism. It is indicative of the development of the worship of the Buddha as the main object of devotion acompanies by Sakra and Brahma in early Buddhism and by boddhisattvas in the later tradition. It is the emergence of these latter figures in this role which represents the most significant change in popular Buddhism in India which was to be transmitted to the Far East. The Buddha has become a transhistorical figure worshipped independent of a narrative context. His attendants though they still adore the Buddha are lifted from a narrative context attaining the status of Buddhist deities.

In addition, Sakra is intimately related to the vajra-bearer who emerges at Gandhara. The context in which this latter figure appears, his function, and his primary attribute, the vajra, indicate the nature of this relationship. This iconographic form may be prototypical of the later boddhisattva Vajranani and certainly is the basis of the Nio who appear as fierce guardian figures in iconography in Japan and China.

These two developments reflect the emergence of Mahayana Buddhism and are indicative of the directions it will take as it grows and develops in India, where it arose, and outside of India, in China and Japan.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "MY MOTHER WATCHED OVER AN EMPTY HOUSE AND WAS SEPARATED FROM THE HEAVENLY FEMALE": NUSHU AND THE WRITING OF RELIGIOUS CULTURE IN CHINA

contributor:
Benn, James A.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: Nüshu, or "Women's Script" is a system of writing indigenous to a small group of village women in Jiangyong County, Hunan Province, China. Used exclusively by and for these women, the script was developed in order to write down their oral traditions that may have included songs, prayers, stories and biographies. However, since being discovered by Chinese and Western researchers, nüshu has been rapidly brought out of this Chinese village locale. At present, the script has become an object of fascination for diverse audiences all over the world. It has been both the topic of popular media presentations and publications as well as the topic of major academic research projects published in Engli$h, German, Chinese and Japanese. Resultantly, nüshu has played host to a number of modern explanations and interpretations - all of which attempt to explain I the "how" and the "why" of an exclusively female script developed by supposedly illiterate women. Invariably, the development of this script has been seen as a sign that I women reacted against a male-dominated social order through the creation of language. However, in this thesis, I seek to give a divergent interpretation. In trying to appreciate nüshu on its own terms, I will situate the phenomenon within the dynamic world of Chinese popular religion. In so doing, I will examine popular trends in religious and moral culture that were contemporaneous with nüshu and I will analyze the relationship between the individual and the written word vis-a.-vis popular religious orthodoxy. As a result, 1. will question many of our assumptions about the nature of women's oppression in China and hopefully open nüshu up to new and diverse methods of analysis.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE BODHISATTVA AND THE IDEAL OF MORAL WISDOM IN SANTIDEVA'S SIKSASAMUCCAYA

contributor:
Sivaraman, K.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: In the Siksasamuccaya Santideva, a Madhyamika philosopher of the early eighth century A.D., builds upon the philosophy of sunyata (emptiness) to demonstrate its practical implications in religious life. In his portrayal of the Bodhisattva Santideva focuses on this religious hero's ascent from imperfection toward the realisation of prajnaparamita, the perfection of wisdom. Wisdom, philosophically the end of all false ideas about reality, in the sphere of behaviour is an ethical ideal characterised by compassion and altruism. The Bodhisattva is one who has mastered wisdom and whose conduct is permeated with this ethical ideal. Santideva's presentation of the Bodhisattva is not ,limited to the ideal, but also explores the many levels of achievement through which an aspiring novice-Bodhisattva must progress toward fulfilment of the ideal. Though Santideva refers to certain levels in a Bodhisattva's development and to certain turning points in his career these factors as presented in the Siksa do not explain how Santideva understands the novice-Bodhisattva in terms of the ideal. The concept of bodhicitta, the thought of enlightenment which all Bodhisattvas possess, parallels in its development with the Bodhisattva's development, and as a possible equivalent to wisdom itself serves to link the imperfect to the ideal. Santideva's use of comparison between the imperfect and the ideal suggests that his presentation of the Bodhisattva is designed to encourage novice-Bodhisattvas to strive for perfection. The themes of teaching, example, and purpose indicate that Santideva's understanding of the Bodhisattva and wisdom which the ideal of moral perfection and wisdom has effect in the imperfect world.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF INTERVAL CIRCUIT AND HIGH INTENSITY WEIGHT TRAINING SYSTEMS ON STRENGTH AND SELF-CONCEPT OF HIGH SCHOOL BOYS

contributor:
MacDougall, J.D.
Najm, S. M.
Adapted Human Biodynamics

subject:
adapted human biodynamics
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract: This study was designed to compare the effects of two weight training systems, the Interval Circuit and High Intensity systems on muscular strength, cardio-respiratory endurance, girth measures and self-concept of high school boys.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: WALDRON ON CHARTERS OF RIGHTS: THE SCALES OF RESPECT

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: Jeremy Waldron condemns constitutional arrangements which attempt to incorporate democratic decision making together with a Charter of Rights and the attendant practice of judicial review. By playing on the fact of ubiquitous political disagreement among the members of any polit~, and by drawing upon a liberal value-set, Waldron asserts that the constitutional privileging of particular moral principles contained within a Charter of Rights must be seen to impinge upon the political respect which democratic decision making conveys unto I each member of a given polity. On this basis he contends that such mixed constitutional arrangements ought to be abandoned in favor of the purely democratic. The go~ of this thesis is to determine the soundness of this argument. Because it is evident that Waldron's critique would be successful given the conventional understanding of the nature and role of Charters of Rights, his argument is tested against a new conception of such constitutional mechanisms put forward by Wilfrid Waluchow. Although it is contended that Waluchow's position does not succeed in evading Waldron's claims concerning the democratic disrespect inherent in the adoption of a Charter of Rights, the nature of the investigation reveals the possibility of other manners in which such a constitutional mechanism does respect the citizenry of a state. On this basis it is contended that Waldron's arguments are invalid. More specifically, it is argued that it does not necessarily follow from the fact that Charters of Rights are in tension with pure democratic decision-making that they ought to be regarded as constitutionally undesirable.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Ritual in Early Buddhism

contributor:
Younger, Paul
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: CHENG XUANYING'S CONCEPTION OF THE SAGE IN THE ZHUANGZI

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis explores the role and concept of the sage in Cheng Xuanying's commentary to the Zhuangzi. The concept of the sage will be examined in light of Cheng Xuanying's participation in the Buddho-Daoist court debates held in early seventh-century China. It will be argued that some aspects of Cheng Xuanying's commentary on the Zhuangzi may be related to developments within the court debates. Nevertheless, it will also be argued that many "Buddhist" elements of Cheng Xuanying's conception of the sage cannot be entirely explained by his interaction with Buddhists in the court debates. It will be shown that much of what constitutes his conception of the sage can be ! explained by the presence of sinified Buddhist thought in the early developing stages of Daoism in the fourth, fifth, and sixth centuries.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Paleoenvironmental analysis using thecamoebians and foraminifera in Mexican anchialine caves: a focus on Aktun Ha (Carwash) Mexico

contributor:
Reinhardt, Eduard G.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract:
Thecamoebians (testate amoebae) and foraminifera have never been systematically investigated in a phreatic cave system. Foraminifera (marine to brackish water protists) and thecamoebians (brackish to freshwater protists) are cosmopolitan and have been studied in virtually all environments on Earth. Although foraminifera-bearing sediment has been observed from vadose cave environments in the last 20 years, there is no mention of their ecology - or mere existence - in flooded cave passages in any micropaleontology or microbiology textbooks. Only one published manuscript briefly mentions foraminifera in preliminary test samples from phreatic caves in Bermuda. The unprecedented ability of these organisms to colonize any environment on Earth led to the hypothesis that they are also exploiting global phreatic caves.

The karst landscape of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, is an ideal setting for the formation of anastomosing, anchialine, phreatic cave systems. The stratified aquifer contains passages in both the superior freshwater lens (thecamoebian habitat} and marine water (foraminifera habitat) intruding below, creating an ideal location to test the hypothesis. Several important contributions have resulted from investigating surface samples and cores in this region. (1) Using thirty-three surface samples from three different cenotes, thecamoebians and foraminifera were found living in the sinkhole (cenote) environment, which are the physical entrance into the caves. An ecological boundary of -3.5 ppt was determined for thecamoebians, with Centropyxis constricta "aerophilia" determined as the most euryhaline thecamoebian taxa. (2) Foraminifera and thecamoebians have been colonizing Carwash Cave since the Sangamon Interglacial (MIS 5e), based on seventy-five surface samples collected throughout the system. The recovered taxa have responded to changes in cave environment similarly to other coastal systems, thereby indicating their potential as paleoenvironmental proxies in phreatic caves. (3) In conjunction with stable isotopes (δ13Corg and δ15Norg), thecamoebians and foraminifera were successful recorders of mid-late Holocene paleoenvironmental evolution in Carwash Cave. An important salinity transition in the freshwater lens (from >2 ppt to 1.5 ppt) of the aquifer at ~2760 Cal yrs BP is coincident with changes in the local Maya populations, indicating a possible environmental linkage between ancient freshwater resources and Maya cultural genesis. This thesis demonstrates unequivocally that thecamoebians and foraminifera exist in phreatic cave systems and hold wider potential as paleoenvironmental proxies in other global phreatic caves.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Concept of Dharmakāya in the Ta-Gh'eng Ta-I Chang

contributor:
MacQueen, Graeme D.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The misunderstandings between Kumārajīva and Hui-yüan about the term dharmakāya in the Ta-ch'eng ta-i chang center around four things: ontology versus epistemology; practicality versus speculation; the use of the Abhidharma; and the attitude of the two men toward the texts they were citing. Previous research on the topic has focused on the difference between the Indian and Chinese mentalities and ignored the different roles played by Kumārajīva and Hui-yüan in their respective communities. The sections of the Ta-ch'eng ta-i chgns which deal with dharmakāya (1-8,13,18) have been translated.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Metaphor, Language, and Thinking Time: Rejuvenating Northrop Frye's Concept of Metaphor Via Gustave Guillaume's Thinking Time

contributor:
Donaldson, Jeffery
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis is an experiment in using Northrop Frye's concept of metaphor, as articulated in The Great Code, Words With Power, and On Religion, to illuminate how the habit of language can remind us that our cultural paradigms are always created and we have the ability to think above them. The thesis will begin by explaining how Frye utilises Giambattista Vicos' ideas of "Verum Factum" and the ''three stages of history" to formulate his ideas on metaphor. It will then be argued that Gustave Guillaume's ideas on language, in particular "thinking time," can illuminate for the reader a new concept of how thinking about language can remind us of our creative imagination. The part of imaginative thinking that Frye refers to as "ecstatic metaphor." Finally, Samuel Butler's book Life and Habit will be utilised to demonstrate that with practice, and the proper thoughts on language, one can consistently think beyond that which has been created for them.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Philosophy of Miracles

contributor:
Gedge, Elisabeth
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: In this thesis I argue that the common philosophical strategy of arguing from the laws of nature to the impossibility of miracles fails. I argue that miracles, defined as events which are unusual, supernaturally caused events of religious significance, are indeed possible. I then consider what evidence would be required in order for one to justifiably believe that such an event had occurred.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Purity and Tragedy: The Insolubility of the Dilemmas Debate

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
The debate about the possibility of genuine moral dilemmas began in earnest forty years ago with the publication of a paper by Bernard Williams which challenged the accepted wisdom in moral theory that moral dilemmas are impossible. Forty years later the debate carries on in much the same manner as it originally did, with the same sorts of claims being made both supporting and opposing Williams' position. Although arguments may have become more refined, they do not really appear to have advanced the debate, and so it seems the debate is in danger of stagnating and degenerating into a series of cross-assertions.

This thesis serves as a critique of the debate and an attempt to revitalize it by expanding the focus of its inquiry. Its primary claim is that the debate has been . superficial in that it has concerned itself with the expression of worldviews but not with those worldviews themselves. By pointing out presumptions that are made by leading figures on each side of the debate, the suggestion is made that one's position on dilemmas is a function of one's meta-ethical commitments. Any consideration of the possibility of moral dilemmas must consequently take place at this level of meta-ethical commitment, and the suggestion is made that the best way to do this is in terms of one's commitment to moral purity or moral tragedy, the respective beliefs as to whether or not moral perfection is a guaranteed possibility in life.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Conquering Bad Faith: The Moral-Psychological Recognition of Sartre's Absolute Responsibility

contributor:
Sassen, Brigitte
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: I examine Sartre's theory of responsibility and the phenomenon of bad faith in order to erect a theory of personal responsibility that is intended to operate as a possible recognition in one's moral-psychological life. I argue that our condition as fundamentally responsible and our avoidance of it in bad faith creates a dynamic that is immediately present in our individual and moral-psychological lives. The condition for the possibility of Sartre's particular sort of self-deception (bad faith) as well as the origin of absolute responsibility is Sartre's existential ontology. I argue that, because of the dynamic of bad faith and responsibility in which we are responsible in order to hide it, absolute responsibility is 'brought to the concrete' through our moral-psychological confrontation with bad faith. What this implies is not only the possibility of recognizing our absolute responsibility in the process of self-discovery or moral-psychological improvement, but also that this precedes and in fact is the necessary antecedent to the recognition of Sartre's much maligned radical freedom. There is a categorical differentiation between our ontological condition as freedom and the moral-psychological dynamic of responsibility recognition. In light of this, concrete freedom's definition as 'being conscious of ourselves as free', requires the recognition that we are fundamentally disconnected from what we are because we are the authors of what we are, i.e. responsible. Thus, responsibility recognition becomes the antecedent to authentic change. However, a methodology of how one may achieve responsibility recognition remains somewhat obscured because of the individuality of every human being that is inherent in an ontology that implies absolute authorship of ourselves and our world.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Environment Matters: Exploring Women-Only Substance Abuse Treatment Programs as "Therapeutic Landscapes"

contributor:
Wilton, Robert D.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: This thesis explores the character of women-only substance abuse treatment programs as 'therapeutic landscapes' using qualitative interview and observation methods at two women-only treatment programs. The thesis explores the character of these programs from the perspective of both staff and clients. Not surprisingly, treatment clients had both positive and negative views about various elements of their treatment experience. As such, identifying these sites as 'therapeutic landscapes' requires us to consider how they maintain a structured environment (their core objective) on an ongoing basis, while also being influenced by a wide range of factors. The individual characteristics of staff and clients, staff/client and peer social relations, the surrounding neighbourhood, and the internal and external program environment are factors that shape the ongoing operation of treatment facilities. Further, through them, key tensions arise in the facilitation of the treatment program, which staff needs to consistently try to balance. These tensions arise as programs try to strike a balance between (1) structure and dependence, (2) retreat and reality, (3) individual and collective needs, and (4) homogeneity and diversity. Maintaining a healthy atmosphere and a positive group dynamic therefore requires a wide range of considerations. By studying the core objective of addiction treatment and the factors that influence whether programs achieve this objective we can better understand the ways that environment matters when exploring women-only substance abuse treatment programs as 'therapeutic landscapes'.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Pour une renaissance généalogique: résistance féminine chez Melchior Mbonimpa

contributor:
Crosta, Suzanne
French

subject: French and Francophone Language and Literature

abstract:
Ce qui nous frappe en premier lieu dans le roman de Melchior Mbonimpa, Le Totem des Baranda, c'est l'efficacité de sa fonction didactique. Le livre est porteur d'un message, d'une vision sur l'histoire de l'Afrique des Grands Lacs qu'on rencontre rarement dans l'actualité ou l'histoire immédiate que nous livrent les médias.

Cette thèse se penchera sur un aspect de ce roman qui a particulièrement attiré notre attention: la représentation de la résistance à travers l'affirmation identitaire des personnages féminins. Dans notre analyse de ce thème, nous accordons une grande importance au contexte socioculturel et à l'imaginaire collectif qui nourrissent l'auteur et dans lesquels s'inscrivent ses personnages. L'étude soulignera la fonction sociale de l'écrivain et relèvera la contribution de la fiction à la culture africaine. Nous mettrons en évidence les positions idéologiques de l'auteur et le message de sensibilisation qu'il adresse à diverses catégories de lecteurs: ceux qui se trouvent en Afrique, les Africains de la diaspora, et les lecteurs non-Africains qui s'intéressent à son œuvre. Cette orientation idéologique affecte évidemment la manière dont s'exprime la résistance des pnncIpaux personnages féminins du roman. Elle détermine la place que cette fiction accorde à la femme, et qui correspond sans doute à la place que, selon les souhaits de l'auteur, la femme devrait occuper dans le contexte culturel africain. Notre étude insiste aussi sur le fait que dans ce roman, la modernité se nourrit de la culture traditionnelle et ne renie pas les valeurs du passé.

Ainsi, le parcours narratif montre que dans leur résistance, les héroïnes de la généalogie vivent à leur époque, mais chacune porte plus loin une mission transmise par les précédentes.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Developmental Theory of Religious Education

contributor:
Najm, S.M.
Mol, H.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This project provides a theory for a programme of religious education which will attempt to mitigate the breakdown between belief and action in adolescence. It involves a critical analysis of the recent literature regarding the stages of religious development and an examination of how those stages compare to the stages of intellectual development as described by Piaget, and of emotional development as described by Erikson and Freud.

abstract: Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)


title: The Law in spite of Itself: An Inquiry into the Tension between Rights and Legal Obligation in Modern Legal Positivism

contributor:
Waluchow, Wilfrid J.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
This thesis is an attempt to show the legitimacy and, in many cases, the natural necessity of entrenched constitutional rules, or of constitutional conventions having the same effect. I begin with an analysis of W.J. Waluchow's common law approach to constitutionalism in making a case against the anti-constitutionalism characteristic of Jeremy Waldron. I also draw on the right-based theory of Alan Gewirth, ultimately arguing that any agent should be able to accept (or at least not reasonably reject) the justifiability of a robustly liberal and universally egalitarian constitution. This, I argue, ought to be viewed as justifiable on the basis that nothing less may suffice if we are both truly concerned with rights in general, and with accurately describing the nature of our own right-claims in particular. Thereafter, I expand on H.L.A. Hart's 'minimum content of natural law' thesis, particularly in light of Joseph Raz's theory of authority. Regarding the former, I argue that it is unclear that the validity of any given law obtains just because I an otherwise valid authority deems it so, even if Hart's own criteria for the existence of a legal system are apparently met. Regarding Raz's theory, I argue that if certain laws as put forth by such a sovereign are conceptually incapable of allowing agents to better conform to their own reasons for action, they are therefore conceptually excluded from his own "normal justification" and "dependence" theses-and thus from the nature of (even potentially) authoritative judgment-to begin with.

In these ways,I argue that the positivist criterion of legal validity should be narrower than is normally acknowledged, on the basis that the bare conceptual possibility (even if not the necessity) of a law's being authoritative is surely something which, if lacking, undermines that law's validity to a similar extent. In other words, it is only through the potential coherence of laws with agents' reasons for action that there could be any coherent normative duty to obey the law (in particular or in general) to begin with, insofar as we want to claim that a law can actually obligate (rather than merely oblige) any agent over whom it claims authority.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Defining Legitimacy: A Hartian Conception of Judicial Activism

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: Democracies in the Western world are caught in a politically charged debate over the legitimacy of judicial actions that alter, negate, or deny force and effect to law that does not seem to be progressing. In this thesis, I argue that in order to make any serious progress towards resolution, we need to clarify our terms: what criteria determine when adjudicative officials act with legitimacy? In order to determine the criteria of legitimacy, we need to situate judicial activism within legal theory. I utilize Hart's descriptive-theoretical account of law as developed in The Concept of Law to define the terms of judicial activism. I distinguish first between criteria of moral and legal legitimacy. I later discern a third category of legitimacy - 'institutional'. To move forward on the issue of judicial activism we need to be acutely aware of the different criteria necessary to establish grounds for legitimate judicial behavior. Each category of legitimacy carries with it a different set of justifying criteria. I propose that at the very heart of the confusion over judicial activism is a failure to recognize that there are different grounds for legitimacy. Some argue about legal legitimacy, others moral or institutional. Crucially, few theorists ever bother to distinguish the existence of one set of criteria from another. Thus, the debates about judicial activism are plagued with ambiguities. While this thesis does not resolve the issue about whether judicial activism is justifiable, it does establish the terms that could lead to resolution of the issue. In short, it defines the types of arguments that theorists would need to advance in order to establish if activist behavior by adjudicative officials is morally, legally, or institutionally legitimate.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Pseudo-Clementine Homilies and the Antiochene Polemic Against Allegory

contributor:
Reed, Annette Y.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
Most scholars working on the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies and Recognitions, two related Christian novels redacted in fourth-century Syria, have been primarily concerned With source-critical questions. They have treated these texts as mere collections of sources, which are valuable for our understanding of "Jewish Christianity" in the first and second centuries. The recent works of Kelley and Reed, however, have demonstrated that these novels are! important works of late antique literature in their own right, and that they have much to tell us about Christianity and Judaism in the fourth century.

In this thesis I follow their lead, seeking to understand the approach to Scripture in the Homilies and its relationship to broader theological issues in fourth-century Syria. I argue that the Homilies engages in a tacit polemic against Christians who read Scripture allegorically and reflects similar anti-Alexandrian concerns as are evident in the writings of other fourth-century theologians and exegetes from Antioch, particularly Eustathius of Antioch, Diodore of Tarsus, and Theodore of Mopsuestia. I suggest that this polemic becomes evident when we read the doctrine of the false pericopes in Hom. 1-3 together with the critique of the Greek myths in Hom. 4-6, and when we note the rather frequent attempts of the authors/redactors of the Homilies to cast Alexandria in a negative light.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Marginalization or Empowennent? Rural Migrant Chinese Women in China's Changing Political Economy

contributor:
Yates, Charlotte A.B.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: The unprecedented economic growth and development in China over the past two decades has been as impressive as it has been daunting. Surpassing all expectations, China's GDP continues to grow at an average of 6 - 8 percent annually since 1999. However such growth has not been without consequences including: 1) increased migration; 2) the increased gap between rural and urban development; 3) and the changing place of women in the economy and society as they are among the number of those migrating. The changing political economy of China has increased the costal-interior, urban-rural as well as gendered economic inequalities while exposing the inadequacies of social and labour policies to accommodate the changing needs of Chinese citizens. As a result, the rural and migrant women who have traditionally been marginalized continue to be vulnerable to the forces of market reform and globalization. It is therefore the purpose of this thesis to show that while the changing political economy in China has afforded rural women an opportunity to enter the off-farm labour market with the hope of improved economic security, policy deficiencies continue to marginalize migrant rural women by categorically framing them as second-class citizens within the cities they move into.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Metaphor and Context

contributor:
Allen, Barry
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
In this thesis I argue that the conception of literal meaning adopted by both semantic and pragmatic metaphor theorists, which roughly indicates an adherence to a lexical authority and conventionally accepted grammar, is far too limited in scope to account for what is generally taken to include literal meaning in the use of language. Upon closer examination, much of what is generally taken to be 'literal' can be shown to exceed the bounds of literalness proposed by both pragmatic and semantic theories of metaphor. In light of this, I contend that literalness, rather than being purely semantic, is thoroughly conditioned by pragmatic processes. The literal meaning of a statement is, therefore, at least partially determined by contextual factors (e.g.,what discourse has preceded the given statement or who utters the given statement. Meaning cannot be divorced from the conditions of use.

By putting forward a version of literalness that is sensitive to contextual factors, I also argue that metaphor should, in certain circumstances, be considered literal. The interpretation of metaphors requires as much contextual input as the interpretation of literal statements. If a given interpreter can accurately and directly grasp the meaning of a metaphor, this interpretation will be considered literal. In this sense, the literalness of a metaphor depends heavily on the ability of the interpreter to assess and interpret contextual ingredients. Despite what numerous theorists have suggested, much of what is attributed to metaphorical language can also be attributed to literal language and vice versa.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Love and Annihilation: Beauvoir on the Future of Romantic Love

contributor:
Enns, Diane
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: My thesis contributes to the general area of scholarship that examines the intersection of contemporary radical feminist theory with our dominant ideologies of romantic love. To this end, the philosophical work of 20th century novelist and philosopher Simone de Beauvoir informs my critical feminist perspective that love is for women the "dream of annihilation". I argue that while our dominant ideologies of romantic love are far from being an ideal forum for the maintenance and development of women's existential subjectivity, these ideologies can indeed be reconceived in a way that allow women to love in their strength and not in their weakness.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Relationship Of BhakÏl and Prapatti in Pāmānuja's Moksopāya

contributor:
Arapura, J. G.
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Swami Vivekananda, His. Reconstruction of Hinduism as a Universal Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Nonlinear Array Processing Techniques with Applications to Correlated Multipath

contributor:
Haykin, S.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
The estimation of the direction of a plane wave incident upon a linear receiving antenna array and field-mapping techniques are considered in this thesis. The emphasis of the presentation is directed towards radar, and specific attention is given to the situation where the incident plane wave is corrupted by the effects of multipath propagation.

First, the phenomenon of multipath and its experimental simulation are discussed. It is then pointed out how conventional linear array processing techniques fail in the presence of multipath propagation. These considerations lead us to consider other nonlinear array processing techniques.

There are two such approaches considered. The first is the modification of statistical time series analysis to suit the array processing application. The Burg method and the least-squares (LS) algorithm developed by Ulrych and Clayton are two time-series methods which are discussed in detail. Results show that the Burg method is not applicable in this application, where it is shown that the LS algorithm behaves well at high SNR.

The second approach considered is the maximum likelihood (ML) formulation. There are also two realizations of this approach which are discussed in depth. Both realizations are based on setting up the appropriate likelihood functions for the situation considered; then, the resulting structure is modified so that the required optimizations need only be performed in the specific parameter(s) of interest. This results in a more computationally efficient estimator.

The first ML formulation discussed in applicable only to the specular multipath environment. In this situation, the direct and reflected signal components are symmetrically positioned in elevation about the normal of the array. This configuration results in a particularly simple estimator structure. The second ML formulation considered is the case where the individual signal components may be incident from arbitrary directions. The results indicate that both these ML methods perform better than the time-series techniques.

The performance for each method is compared to the corresponding theoretical values. The results are checked by computer simulation and are validated by the use of an experimental multipath simulation system built during the course of this work.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)