title: HIGH-SPIN STATES IN ²³Na

contributor:
Kuehner, J. A.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: The ¹²C(¹²C,pϒ)²³Na reaction has been used to study the ϒ-ray de-excitation of levels up to Eᵪ = 10.4 MeV in ²³Na. Branching ratios were obtained for the 5.54, 6.11, 6.24 and 6.35 MeV levels and the major modes of decay were observed for 7 levels above Eᵪ = 7 MeV. Doppler-shift attenuation measurements yielded mean lifetimes or lifetime limits for 22 levels in ²³Na. Angular distributions were measured for ϒ rays in coincidence with proton groups corresponding to the 5.54, 6.11, 6.24, 6.35, 9.04 and 10.35 MeV levels. The 6.35 MeV level is assigned a spin and parity of 9/2⁻ and interpreted as a member of the low-lying K^π = 1/2⁻ band in ²³Na. The 5.54 and 6.24 MeV levels are shown to have positive parity and are interpreted as the 11/2⁺ and 13/2⁺ members of the ground-state band, respectively. The highly populated levels at 9.04 and 10.35 MeV are interpreted as the 15/2⁺ and 13/2⁻ members of the groundstate band and K^π = 1/2⁻ band, respectively. The experimental ϒ-ray transition strengths in Na are compared with those predicted by the Nilsson model including band mixing and a modification to the M1 strengths to account for the effects of isospin.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Velocity Dependence of Transient Hyperfine Fields Following Coulomb Excitation

contributor:
Cameron, J.A.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
This thesis studies the velocity dependence of the transient magnetic field that is experienced by ions while slowing down in polarized ferromagnetic materials. Thick targets of Fe₈₀Rh₂₀, Fe₇₀Pd₃₀, and Fe₈₅Pt₁₅ alloys were bombarded by 5 to 10 Mev alpha particle, 35 Mev ¹⁶O, and 20 Mev ¹²C beams from the McMaster Tandem van de Graaff accelerator. The precession angles of Coulomb-excited rhodium, palladium and platinum nuclei that recoil and stop in the ferromagnetic target were measured using the technique of perturbed angular distributions following Coulomb excitation. The singles mode, in which gamma ray events are accepted irrespective of projectile scattering angle, was employed. A detailed theoretical analysis was developed to indicate how the double average over projectile scattering angle and energy required in a thick target singles experiment would modify the observed rotation angle. Calculations were carried out using the Coulomb excitation theory of Alder et al and the transient field theory of Lindhard and Winther. The doubly-averaged transient field contribution to the rotation angle was found, in general, to be somewhat smaller than the transient field contribution before averaging, but the difference was not large for the cases of interest.

The data analysis permitted the separation of transient and average static rotations. The transient rotation as a function of initial recoil velocity was shown to be adequately described within experimental error by the Lindhard and Winther theory in both low and high velocity regimes. The average static field was seen to vary with the choice of projectile, but was not noticeably affected by changing the target coolant from water to liquid nitrogen.

Indirect feeding of a nuclear state, by Coulomb excitation of a higher-energy state and subsequent decay to the state of interest, was found to modify the observed precession angle of the state. The theory of this effect was developed for both singles and backscatter coincidence experiments; indirect feeding corrections were applied to the 295 kev state in ¹⁰³Rh and the 211 kev state in ¹⁹⁵Pt. The g-factor of the 211 kev state in ¹⁹⁵Pt was measured to be .164(66).

The g factors of the first 2+ states in ¹⁰⁴Pd, ¹⁰⁸Pd, and ¹¹⁰Pd were measured from the average of 6, 7 and 8 Mev alpha particle bombardments of a Fe₇₀Pd₃₀ target. The analysis assumed that (1) the transient field rotation was negligible at these bombarding energies and (2) the 9 factors of the 2+ states were not very different from the g factor of the first 2+ state in 106pd, which had been measured using a radioactive source. The results were (¹⁰⁴Pd)g₂₊ = .479(91), (¹⁰⁸Pd)g₂₊ = .396(46), (¹¹⁰Pd)g₂₊ = .389(36).

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Magnetic Moments and Low-lying Energy Levels in ¹⁴²Pr

contributor:
Summers-Gill, R.G.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
Atomic beam magnetic resonance has been used to study the 14.6 min isomer and the 19.2 hr ground state in ¹⁴²Pr. For the isomeric state the results are:

I = 5

J = 9/2: A = 245(10) MHz,

B = 100(450) MHz,

μ = 2.2(1) nuclear magnetons.

Re-interpretation of previous results for the ground state hyperfine structure, together with some new data, yield the following interaction constants:

J = 9/2: A = 65.6(2) MHz,

B = 22(2) MHz.

The effect on μ is of minor consequence but the quadrupole moment is tripled in value. With the sign of the moment determined to be positive, the results are:

μ = 0.234(1) nuclear magnetons,

Q = 0.110(25) barns.

In addition, the combination of a high-resolution ¹⁴¹Pr(d,p) experiment and the analysis of singles and coincidence gamma ray data has been used to reveal two new states at 89.7 and 358.1 KeVi these are tentatively assigned spins 6⁻ and 7⁻ respectively.

The results have been interpreted in terms of configuration- mixing between π2d₅/₂ν2f₇/₂ and π1g₇/₂ν2f₇/₂. The resulting wave functions for both the ground state and the isomeric state, as determined from the (d,p) spectroscopic factors, are quite different from those required to fit the measured magnetic moments. In view of this discrepancy, a possible mixing of higher configurations into the low-lying states cannot be ruled out.

Finally, a mixed-configuration shell model calculation using Surface Delta Interaction has been carried out, and its predictions are compared with the experimental results.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Decomposition of Ammonia on Tungsten Surfaces

contributor:
Dawson, P.T.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: This thesis presents an experimental study of the decomposition of ammonia on tungsten surfaces. The investigations were made at ammonia pressures between 10⁻⁷ and 10⁻² torr, and at temperatures between 200 and 800ºK by employing thermal desorption mass spectrometry and field emission microscopy. The surface species formed during the interaction were first isolated and the rate parameters for the formation and desorption of these species were determined. The properties of the adlayer of these species were also studied. Based on the rate parameters for the formation and desorption of these species a satisfactory mechanism for the decomposition of ammonia on tungsten surfaces has been deduced.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THE OXIDATION PROPERTIES OF IRON - NICKEL ALLOYS IN CARBON DIOXIDE - CARBON MONOXIDE ATMOSPHERES AT 1000°C

contributor:
Smeltzer, W. W.
Metallurgy

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Metallurgy
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract: In this thesis, the results of oxidation tests carried out on iron- nickel alloys in carbon dioxide - carbon monoxide atmospheres at 1000°C are presented. Linear oxidation kinetics were observed for the formation of wustite on alloys containing up to 50 weight % nickel. Spinel oxides appear on alloys containing greater than 50 % nickel. A subscale developed in all alloys investigated. An oxidation model is presented for the constant uptake of oxygen based on detailed balancing of the individual reaction steps, assuming that dissociation of carbon dioxide is the rate controlling process. The subscale formation mechanism is based on the principles of diffusion in multicomponent metallic systems. Theoretical relationships are presented which adequately account for the experimental observations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: BAPTIST GROWTH IN MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST, 1869 - 1884

contributor:
Albaugh, G.P.
Divinity College

abstract: This thesis traces Baptist beginnings and the growth of Baptist churches and organisations in the Canadian North-West up to 1884. Chapter 1 traces the effort of the Eastern Baptists of Canada to establish work in the North-West to the time of the founding of the First Baptist Church in Winnipeg in 1875. Chapter 2 describes the organisational growth of the Baptist churches in the Canadian West up to the time of the formation of the Red River Association of Regular Baptist Churches in 1880. Chapter 3 depicts continuing Baptist expansion from 1881 to 1834 when growth was influenced by the work of Prairie College founded in 1880, the westward extension of railroads and the economic boom of 1881-1882. The final chapter traces the organizational struggle of Northwestern Baptists from 1880 to 1884 as declining Eastern interest, increasing American support, and Issues of Baptist polity strongly affected the formation of the Baptist Convention of Manitoba and the North- West in July, 1884.

abstract: Bachelor of Divinity (BD)


title: Substituted 2-amino-tetrahydronaphthalenes as affinity and photoaffinity probes for dopamine receptors

contributor:
Mishra, R.K.
McCarry, B.E.
Neurosciences

subject: Neurosciences Neurosciences

abstract: In the current investigation several biochemical techniques, including solubilization, affinity chromatography and photoaffinity labelling, were used to purify the D-1 dopamine receptor. The design and synthesis of novel analogues of the dopamine agonist ADTN (2-amino-5,6-dihydroxy-tetrahydronaphthalene) to be used as affinity and photoaffinity probes was an integral part of this investigation. Solubilization of the D-1 receptor was achieved with several detergents although cholic acid proved to be the most effective for receptor solubilization prior to affiinty chromatography. Using this procedure, yields of solubilized receptors of greater than 30% were consistently obtained. An affinity chromatography protocol utilizing an ADTN analogue covalently coupled to an affinity matrix was established for cholate-solubilized D-1 receptor. The affinity protocol developed during this investigation purified the D-1 receptor approximately 50-fold, while an average of 8% of the receptors were recovered. These results were superior to any previous literature reports of D-1 receptor purification. Several photoactive compounds were synthesized and used to crosslink D-1 receptors. One compound in particular, a photoactive derivative of the dopamine agonist ADTN, proved to be a useful ligang for this purpose. A tritiated derivative of this compound was covalently and specifically incorporated into a protein of M.W. = 79 kDa. This was the first report that the D-1 receptor had a M.W. of greater than 70 kDa was determined by affinity crosslinking. Several other investigators have subsequently confirmed this observation. Other photoactive compounds radiolabelled with ¹²⁵I were synthesized and examined for activity as D-1 and D-2 receptor probes. These compounds were not as useful as photoaffinity labels for dopamine receptors as had been originally proposed. The compounds did label and a 50 kDa protein which was determined to be neither the D-1 nor D-2 receptor. This protein (originally designated Apo-50 and later CatNAP) has very interesting properties asa it possesses binding activities with several catecholamines which are without precedent in the literature.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: ANACAONA OU LA FLEUR D'OR: Mythe exotique ou Symbo/e de resistance?

contributor:
Crosta, Suzanne
French

subject: Arts and Humanities

subject: French and Francophone Language and Literature

subject: Arts and Humanities

abstract: Ce travail se concentre sur l'epoque pre coloniaIe en Ha'iti et examine I'impact de la colonisation sur les populations indigenes de I'ile. II se penche plus precisement sur Ie peuple tatno et sur la vie d'une de ses souveraines, la reine Anacaona. La vie d'Anacaona est assez particuliere, car I'histoire d'Ha'iti etablit que la reine fut la premiere femme d'importance dans Ie pays, qui non seulement eut contact avec les Conquistadores espagnols lors de I'arrivee de Christophe Colomb sur I'ile, mais resista a l'lmperialisrne et a la colonisation, avant d'etre capturee et mise amort par les colons. Ce travail verra I'influence que la vie de la reine a eu, non seulement sur les Talnos de I'epoque, mais aussi sur Ie peuple ha'itien actuel. II examinera Ie phenomena Anacaona dans Ie domaine litteraire et dans les discours feministes. Pour ce faire, une analyse sera effectues sur trois oeuvres ecrits par des auteurs ha'itiens et trois textes ecrits par des feministes contemporaines. Ces auteurs regardent aussi l'irnpact qu'a la vie d'Anacaona sur Ie peuple ha'itien d'aujourd'hui. Cependant, I'analyse de la vie de la souveraine ne se limitera pas aux frontleres de « La Terre Montagneuse », Elle verra aussi comment les feministes provenant des diasporas ha'itiennes, porto-ricaines et latino-arnericaines considerent la souveraine talno, au vingt et unlerne siecle. Finalement, une comparaison entre les deux genres d'ecriture sera effectues; c'est-a-dire, nous verrons si les ecrivains ha'itiens depeignent la reine de tacon differente que les auteures feministes, et ce que son regne apportera aux futures generations ha'itiennes et latina arnericalnes.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Minimum BER Block Precoders

contributor:
Wong, Max K.
Davidson, Timothy N.
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
In this thesis the linear precoder which minimizes the bit error rate (BER) is derived for block transmission systems in which zero forcing (ZF) equalization and threshold detection are applied. Because the bit error rate for block transmission is a highly non-linear function of the precoder parameters, its minimization has been regarded as being difficult to implement. Therefore designers have attempted to find low BER precoders indirectly by optimizing alternative objectives, such as minimizing the Mean Square Error (MMSE), or maximizing the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, these precoders do not minimize the BER directly, and it is this problem which is the subject of the thesis.

The block transmission systems considered in this thesis employ block by block processing at the receiver, and therefore elimination of inter-block interference (IEI) is desirable. We will design Minimum BER (MBER) precoders for two schemes which eliminate IEI, namely zero padding (ZP) and cyclic prefix (CP). Based on the bit error rate formula derived in the thesis, an analytic solution for the MBER precoder at moderate-to-high SNRs is derived via a two-stage optimization process using Jensen's inequality. At moderate-to-high SNRs, the bit error rate is a convex function of the autocorrelation matrix which is, itself, a function of the precoder matrix because of the use of a zero-forcing equalizer. Simulations and analyses are given to the two sets of precoders based on ZP and CP respectively to verify the optimal precoders derived. The BER improvement of the ZP-MBER/CP-MBER precoders over other ZP/CP precoders is substantial, and the ZP-MBER precoder is superior to the CPMBER precoder in performance. The latter also outperforms the scheme of discrete multitone (DMT) with water filling power loading, and cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM). The CP-MBER precoder is shown to be a two-stage modification IV of the transmitting scheme for tandard DMT. Firstly the water filling algorithm is replaced by the MMSE power loading algorithm suggested in the thesis, and secondly, the power loading is augmented by multiplication with a DFT matrix. It is shown that the CP-MBER precoder does not require more power to transmit a cyclic prefix than the CP-OFDM or water-filling DMT precoder.

A simple test which determines whether the SNR is high enough for our MBER precoder design to be optimal is provided. Furthermore, methods to guarantee sufficient SNR are suggested. One can either increase the transmitting power, or drop sub-channels and hence avoid transmission on the sub-channels which correspond to the small eigen-values of the channel. The MBER precoder design after dropping sub-channels is also discussed.

For the precoders which are characterized by an arbitrary unitary matrix in their solutions, the optimal unitary matrix which minimizes the BER is designed. Therefore, minimization of BER is achieved within the optimal solution set of the precoders. Applications of the design are discussed. Simulations and analytic evaluations are presented to show the BER improvement provided by the optimal unitary matrix

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: THE CHANSONNIER D'ARRAS: A CRITICAL EDITION

contributor:
Fast, Susan
Music Criticism

subject:
Arts and Humanities
Music
Arts and Humanities

abstract:
The poetry and music of the trouveres flourished in the twelfth- and thirteenthcenturies. Trouvere works, found in collections called chansonniers, offer interesting challenges for researchers for many of these works as a whole still lie untranscribed. Existing in manuscript form in the Arras Municipal Library in France, the Chansonnier d'Arras consists of 42 chansons and 31 jeux partis (some with lacunae). A facsimile edition was published in 1925 by the Societe des Anciens Textes Francais under the editorship of Alfred Jeanroy.

The following thesis is a transcription of the Arras chansonnier with an introduction that explores several facets of the critical approach taken. The first section places the manuscript historically in relation to other trouvere manuscripts. This is followed by a section which deals with the city of Arras and the impact this city had on the trouveres, Two analytical sections follow, one on mensural notation and the other on melodies. The section on mensural notation outlines the two opposing ideas concerning the application of rhythmic modes to these songs; the section on melodies focuses on the difficulty of analyzing these works using modal and tonal systems. A section on performance practice follows this, in which evidence from thirteenth- and fourteenth-century literature are used as resources for performance practice. The final section is the editorial policy, which explains I) the orthography of the manuscript and, 2) the approach taken in the transcription.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Speleochronology and Late Pleistocene Climates Inferred O, C, H, U and Th Isotopic Abundances in Speleothems

contributor:
Ford, D.C.
Schwarcz, H.P.
Geochemistry

subject: Geochemistry Geochemistry

abstract:
The Th²³⁰/U²³⁴ and U²³⁴/U²³⁸ ratios of speleothems (calcareous deposits) from caves developed in limestones of the Greenbrier Series, S.E. West Virginia, was measured by alpha-particle spectrometry to assess the deficient Th²³⁰ (ionium) and excess U²³⁴ dating methods respectively. Pure, non-porous, very coarsely crystalline deposits showing no signs of submersion or re-solution were found to be suitable for Th²³⁰/U²³⁴ dating. This method was used to date deposits between about 2000 and 300,000 years old. The decay of excess U²³⁴, which in principle can be used to date deposits 50,000 to 1,500,000 years old, could not be used as a routine method because the initial excess of U²³⁴ could not be reliably determined. Concordant Pa²³¹/Th²³⁰ and Th²³⁰/U²³⁴ ages were measured for two samples from West Virginia.

Norman-Bone Cave and Grapevine Cave, both in Greenbrier Co., were studied in detail. Norman-Bone Cave contains speleothems at least 300,000 years old. Based on the decay of U²³⁴, one stalagmite appeared to have been deposited between about 760,000 years and 1,250,000 years B.P. Speleothem ages from caves in the Crowsnest Pass area of Alberta, the Nahanni region of the North West Territories and the Ciudad Valles area of Mexico were also obtained. With the exception of the single Mexican sample, deposition appears to stop during prolonged periods of cold climate; therefore a continuous record of CaCO₃ deposition is not preserved in the northern caves. Based on the gaps in the recota, the coldest periods of the Wisconsin, Illinoian and Kansan (?) glacial ages occur between 20-35,000, 135-160,000 and 240-270,000 years B.P. respectively. The intervening periods are times of cool to warm, moist climate which favour speleothem deposition.

The ratio O¹⁸/O¹⁶ (δºct) and c¹³/C¹² (δºct) in young and fossil speleothems deposited in isotopic equilibrium with parent waters was measured in an attempt to construct detailed climate curves for the Late Pleistocene. Five young speleothems all appeared to be deposited in isotopic equilibrium: an isotopic temperature of 8.6±1.6ºc was calculated, 2.3ºC lower than the present mean annual surface air temperature. The discrepancy could be real, for cave temperatures are often slightly lower than mean annual surface air temperatures.

Variations inδºct and δºct in two dated stalagmites from Norman-Bone Cave (NB4 and NB10) and a flowstone deposit from Grapevine Cave (GV2) are commonly uncorrelated within individual depositional layers, satisfying Hendy's criteria for CaCO₃ deposition in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with water. Parts of NB4 and GV2, which were deposited contemporaneously about 100,000 years ago record the same temperature maximum.

Cyclic secular variations δºct cannot be interpreted in terms of climat change without knowledge of variations in 60 of waters depositing the CaCO₃. An attempt was made to measure these variations directly by extracting water from fluid inclusions in the fossil deposits. The D/H (δᵢD) ratio of the water was measured and the Craig-Dansgaard relationship (δᵢD =86ᵢº + 10) applied to calculate δºᵢ (≡δºw). Absolute temperatures calculated from δºw and δºct are, in general too low but with further refinements the method may become a valuable tool for paleoclimatologists.

In general, δºct is found to increase in calcite deposited at lower temperatures. This is attributed to the deposition of CaCO₃ from waters of relatively constant isotopic composition, so that changes in δºct are determined by the effect of temperature on the CaCO₃-H₂O fractionation factor. (0.24‰ increase per 1ºC temperature drop).

The relative constancy of δºw values of cave drip-waters is attributed to seasonal CaCO₃ deposition from waters whose isotopic composition is biassed toward mean summer values. As mean annual temperatures decrease, CaCO₃ deposition is from waters which are progressively biassed in isotopic composition toward the mean July value.

Temperature maxima are recorded in GV2 at 80.000±3000 years B.P. and 100.000±4000 years B.P.; a lower maximum is recorded at 60.000±3000 years B.P. Temperature maxima in NB10 are recorded at 163,000±6800, 170,000±7000 and 180,000±9700 years B.P. An intensely cold period is recorded between 180,000 and 170,000 years B.P. which was inferred to be colder than any event recorded in GV2 between 100,000 and 60,000 years B.P.

δºct also increases as regional temperatures decrease. probably as a result of the decreased rate of plant respiration, microbial activity and CO₂ production in the soil during cold periods. The δºct variations are not well enough defined to be used as a reliable indicator of climate change.

Good correlation is observed with the time-temperature curve for Wisconsin glaciation and the Sangamom interglacial, as obtained from deep-sea cores and raised coral reefs. Correlation with the penultimate (Illinoian) glaciation and preceding (Yarmouth) interglacial is unclear.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Nuclear Structure of ⁷⁰Ga

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
The nuclear properties of ⁷⁰Ga have been investigated by several methods. High resolution studies of the reactions ⁶⁹Ga(d,p) ⁷⁰Ga and ⁷¹Ga(d,t) ⁷⁰Ga show that 7 levels exist below 1 MeV excitation, with a large gap of 508 keV separating the first two. Between 1 and 2 MeV, 42 additional levels are observed. Parities and spectroscopic factors for the low lying levels were extracted by DWBA analysis of the proton and triton angular distributions.

Electromagnetic decay properties of the levels of ⁷⁰Ga were investigated by means of the ⁷⁰Zn (p,nϒ) ⁷⁰Ga reaction. Gamma ray angular distribution and linear polarization measurements were used to elucidate spins of low lying levels and mixing ratios of the transitions. Gamma-ray yields as a function of energy are shown to depend markedly on the spin of the level, in agreement with Hauser-Feshbach calculations for the (p,n) cross section. Analysis of the decay of the low lying levels indicates the existence of remarkably few E1 transitions.

A theoretical calculation of the energy levels of ⁷⁰Ga is presented in the light of the shell model. Both the zero range and surface delta interactions were used as the residual interaction between the nucleons. The surface delta interaction is shown to reproduce the energy levels much better than the zero range force, but fails to predict the large energy gap between the first two levels.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Ethnic Attitudes of Elementary School Children Toward Blacks and East Indians and the Effect of a Cultural Program on These Attitudes

contributor:
Welss, J.
Alvi, S.A.
Bancroft, G.W.
Educational Theory

subject: Education Education

abstract: The study was designed to test the validity of the contact theory with elementary school children, to examine the attitudes of White Canadian fifth- and sixth-graders toward Black and East Indians, and the effect of a cultural program based on Triandis' theory of subjective culture of these attitudes. The ethnic attitudes of 180 students (boys=85; girls=85) in two high density (Hi D) and two low density (Lo D) school in Metropolitan Toronto were measured by means of the Semantic Differential Measure. Bogardus' Social Distance Scale and a contact questionnaire based on the one used by Henry (1978). High density as opposed to low density schools were defined as schools in which thirty and eleven percent respectively of the school population belonged to the black and East Indian ethnic groups. No significant differences in attitudes emerged between students in the two types of schools. Interethnic contact per se and an opportunity for such contact were not found to have any significant effect on students' attitudes toward the above minority groups, however, social interaction that involved visits to each other's homes was accompanied by feelings of less social distance. Neither the length of time of attending a Hi D school nor that of knowing a black or East Indian friend were found to be significant variables. White Canadians ranked ethnic groups in the following order: White Canadians, Canadians, French Canadians, Black Canadians, Italian Canadians, German Canadians, Indian Canadians, and Pakistani Canadians. No significant differences emerged in the evaluations of Black Canadians, Italian Canadians, and German Canadians. The order of rankings was found to be identical both on the Semantic Differential Measure and the Social Distance Scale. A cultural program consisting of nine weeky sessions of approximately seventy minutes' duration each and providing instruction or various aspects of the East Indian culture through dance, music and crafts was implemented. Two grade five and two grade six classes with each one from a Hi D and a Lo D school formed the experimental group. The control group consisted of six grade five and six grade six classes with half of each belonging to Hi D schools and the other half to Lo D schools. A significant change in attitudes in a positive direction toward Indian Canadians was noted in the experimental group (n=47) as compared to the controls (n=108) as a result of the program both on the Semantic Differential Measure and the Social Distance Scale. A generalization effect was noted for Pakistani Canadians on the Semantic Differential Measure. The effects of the program were maintained three months after the conclusion of the program. The findings are discussed in terms of the contact theory, the applicability of the theory of subjective culture to elementary school children, and implications for curriculum development. Ideas and directions for future research are also suggested.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Diffraction Studies of Hydrazinium Compounds

contributor:
Brown, I.D.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
A neutron diffractometer has been designed and used to investigate the mechanism of the supposed ferroelectric switching in Li (N₂H₅)SO₄. This was done by studying the effect of the anomalous scattering of neutrons from ⁶Li on the structure factors of Bijvoet pairs. The absence of any observable change confirms that Li(N₂H₅)SO₄ is not ferroelectric.

The crystal structures of Li (N₂H₅) BeF₄, Li (NH₃OH)SO₄ and (N₂H₆)BeF4 have been determined, and an accurate redetermination of the crystal structure of Li(N₂H₅)SO₄ has been made: all by X-ray diffraction. The structure of Li(N₂H₅)BeF₄ has also been studied by neutron diffraction. In the crystal structure determinations, all hydrogen atoms were located and hydrogen bonding schemes proposed; these were verified by the method of bond-strength summations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Statistical Treatment of Spectra from the (n,ϒ) Reaction

contributor:
Kennett, T.J.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: Some general results applicable to complicated spectra are derived. These involve the mathematical simplification of a system response, as well as an investigation of some statistical properties of data. The technique is applicable to all spectra with distributed features. This work involves a study of the gamma radiation spectra following therma1 neutron capture in 15 nuclides in the mass range 28≤A≤204. Invoking a statistical model of the nucleus allows a determination of nuclear temperature and level spacing from the spectra. On the basis of the model and the spectral multiplicity we assign absolute intensities to spectroscopic data. The results are found to agree with previously reported values based upon other data and methods.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Determining the Resilient Modulus and Dynamic Poisson's Ratio of Asphaltic Conrete

contributor:
Emery, John J.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
A theoretically sound and practical method of flexible pavement design remains one of the most needed, though widely unappreciated, aspects of transportation engineering. Papers presented at the Third International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements in 1972 greatly increased the awareness of design engineers of the testing problems involved in this field. The generated interest in rational, as opposed to empirical, flexible pavement design approaches brought about a pressing need for material characteristics for use in available theoretical modes.

This study involved the development of laboratory equipment capable of providing values of resilient modulus, MR, and Poisson's ratio, v, of asphalitic concrete specimens. These properties are required as input for elastic layer analyses of flexible pavement systems. It was recognized that the developed equipement must be capable of providing reliable results at similar costs to conventional Marshall or Hveem tests, and should be adaptable to realistically simulate site conditions. It is considered that the equipment described herein satisfies these conditions.

Test results on polymeric calibration samples compare favourably to those obtained during previous work on the resilient modulus of asphalt mixes. The testing program identified temperature, asphalt content and aggregate type as parameters that affect the resilient modulus. A future phase of this study onvolves a more comprehensice testing program in these areas, in addition to studying the effects of confining pressure and stress levels on material properties using equipment suggested from this initial testing program.

Comparative design studies using available theoretical methods and generated stiffness parameters indicate possible cost savings as a result of thickness requirements for pavement systems comprised of mixes with higher MR values. Conventional empirical approaches do not permit similar thickness reductions for higher quality (strength) mixes.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Photochemistry of cyclobutenes and related constrained s-cis dienes

contributor:
Leigh, William J.
Chemistry

subject:
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

abstract: This thesis is concerned with the development of a new qualitative model to explain the photochemistry of cyclobutene and 1,3-butadiene, in which the $\rm 2A\sb{g}{\to}1A\sb{g}$ decay channel of the van der Lugt-Oosterhoff mechanism does not actually correspond to a $\rm 2A\sb{g}$ avoided crossing pericyclic minimum. In fact, decay from the $\rm 2A\sb{g}$ excited state to the ground $\rm(1A\sb{g})$ state occurs at a conical intersection point (crossing between the excited state and ground state potential energy surfaces). The study described pertains to the photochemical ring opening of a series of alkyl-substituted bicyclic cyclobutenes (structure I), and the cis,trans isomerization of related constrained s-cis dienes (structure II). The high degree of disrotatory stereospecificity observed in the ring opening of I is not related to ring strain factors induced by the ancillary ring, but rather to the decreased flexibility in the isomeric 1,3-diene products or the rotational flexibility of the substituents on the cyclobutene double bond. These results strongly suggest that orbital symmetry selection rules are important in these reactions. The effects of constraining the C-C central bond in 1,3-dienes on the cis,trans photoisomerization process and motions around C=C bond in cyclobutene photochemical ring opening are two of the direct implications of the results obtained from these experiments.(DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI) The results from the photochemical ring opening of alkyl-substituted monocyclic cyclobutenes provide evidence that orbital symmetry does play a significant role in the reaction, as indicated by the decrease in the quantum yields of ring opening upon syn-dimethyl substitution. In addition, the same results are exclusive of the presence of operative non-concerted pathways in the ring opening reaction. The energy requirements for the photochemical ring opening of cyclobutenes have been clearly established. Thus, the inability of 1-phenylcyclobutenes to undergo ring opening reactions has been found to be related to energetic considerations rather than polarizability of their excited states.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Advances in statistical inference and outlier related issues

contributor:
Balakrishnan, Narayanaswamy
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: In this thesis we generalize several recurrence relations for moments of order statistics from I.I.D. random variables to I.NI.D. random variables. By considering the multiple outlier model as a special case, these I.NI.D. recurrence relations will enable use to compute all of the means, variances, and covariances of all order statistics from a sample (possibly) containing multiple outlier in a simple recursive manner. We will then use these results to address the problem of robust estimation of parameters in the presence of multiple outliers by examining the bias and mean square error of various linear estimators of the parameters of the underlying population. We will initiate work on the multiple outlier model for the logistic and Pareto distributions by deriving I.NI.D. recurrence relations, the Laplace distribution by making use of the results of Balakrishnan (1994a) who derived recurrence relations for the I.NI.D. exponential model, and the exponential model by providing an alternative method of proof for the results of Balakrishnan (1994a) and generalizing them to the I.NI.D. doubly truncated exponential model. In addition, we will consider tests for outliers. We will initiate work on testing for outliers when the underlying populations have the Laplace and logistic distributions and then examine and compare the performance of various test statistics based on certain power criteria. We also derive maximum likelihood estimators, conditional confidence intervals, and conditional tolerance intervals for the Laplace distribution based on Type-II right censored-samples and also some extensions to generally censored samples.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A framework for the design and development of diagnostic case-based reasoning systems

contributor:
Montazemi, Ali R.
Business Administration

subject: Business Business

abstract: A Case-Based Reasoning System (CBR) supports reasoning from experience to solve decision problems, critique solutions, and explain anomalous situations. The issues encountered in the design and development of Case Based Reasoning (CBR) systems for ill-structured diagnostic decision problems include (1) the difficulty in describing a new case, (2) the effectiveness of retrieval of appropriate previous cases, and (3) the effectiveness of explanation and adaptation of retrieved previous cases. To this end, we proposed a framework of five methodologies that includes a front-end adaptive interface agent to assist a decision maker (DM) describe a new case, a rear-end interface agent to support the explanation of a new case, and three retrieval methodologies to enhance the effectiveness of retrieval methodologies. This framework was empirically tested by developing an application for the diagnosis and repair of complex electromechanical machinery. Ten expert troubleshooters from the industry participated in the empirical test. Our findings show that the framework significantly improves the existing CBR methodologies. The front-end adaptive interface agent aids a DM to describe a new case. It reduces the information load on the DM, and adapts its recommendations to the idiosyncracies of a DM. The rear-end interface agent provides task information feedback in support of the selection and adaptation of retrieved previous cases. This enables the DM to verify his/her decision processes. The framework includes two symbolic retrieval methodologies and one connectionist-symbolic retrieval methodology. The first symbolic retrieval methodology is based on a decision theoretic approach to the similarity assessment that reduces the need for production rules. It allows the adaptation of similarity to meet the information needs of a DM. The second symbolic retrieval methodology comprises the modified cosine matching function to assess the overall similarity of two cases. It overcomes some limitations of the widely used nearest-neighbour matching function by contrasting two previous cases and including the local domain knowledge that is typical in ill-structured diagnostic decision problems. However, the symbolic assessment of overall similarity is difficult to adapt to the idiosyncrasies of a DM. The adaptation is made possible by the third retrieval methodology. It is a connectionist-symbolic approach to the assessment of the overall similarity that allows the incremental learning of retrieval knowledge by interactions with a DM.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Maximal estimates of solutions to dispersive partial differential equations

contributor:
Heinig, H.P.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Advances in life testing: Progressive censoring and generalized distributions

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: This thesis is presented in three sections: Section One (Progressive Type-II Censoring). Section Two (Generalized Distributions) and Section Three (Conclusions). In Section One of the thesis, a method of censoring known as progressive Type-II censoring is presented. Mathematical properties of the progressive Type-II censored order statistics arising from this type of censoring are established for particular as well as arbitrary distributions. Applications to inference, including best linear unbiased estimation and maximum likelihood estimation, are discussed, as well as simulation, and the question of optimal censoring patterns is also addressed through an extensive computational study. Section Two of the thesis concerns generalized distributions. Here, we introduce a shape parameter to the logistic and half logistic distributions and discuss the properties of the resulting distributions. Many recurrence relations for single and product moments of order statistics from these distributions are established. Best linear unbiased, maximum likelihood and moment estimation of parameters arising from these distributions are considered, and truncated versions of the distributions are also examined. Finally, we conclude with a number of questions and open problems which have yet to be addressed in the future.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Brueckner Theory of Finite Nuclei with a One-Boson-Exchange Interaction

contributor:
Preston, M.A.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: A fully momentum-dependent one-boson-exchange potential due to the exchange of the mesons π, η, σ, ρ, ω and ν, is derived. The study of its scattering, bound states and nuclear matter properties is carried out in momentum space where its use is shown to be as easy as the use of more simple phenomenological interactions. It is found that two-body and bound states data are reproduced to a degree of accuracy comparable with recently derived interactions. In nuclear matter the saturation density and the total binding energy, with two-body and an approximate treatment of three-body correlations, are found to be an reasonable compromise between two extremes which bracket the empirical values, namely the right density and small binding produced by the Reid potential and the high density and overbinding of the potential of Spring-de Tourreil. The properties of this theoretically based interaction are then studied in ⁴He, ¹⁵O and ⁴⁰Ca. A method of solution of the Brueckner equation in the finite nuclei is used which takes into account the physical evidence of the existence of an "open-shell". The importance of a proper treatment of this "open-shell" is clearly emphasized. A parametrization of the Brueckner single-particle potential is envisaged. It is based on the existence of a formal expression for this one-body potential when the effective interaction G is assumed to be of the σ-function type. Advantages and limitations of this parametrization are discussed with respect to the problem of Brueckner self-consistency, potential energy of the states in the "open-shell" and rearrangement effects. This one-boson-exchange potential is found to give good single particle spectra and binding energies of the nuclei studied in an oscillator model.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Model Potentials and Molecular Rydberg Series

contributor:
King, G.W.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: M0del potential calculations have been carried out on the πg → nsσg, npσu and npπu Rydberg series of CO₂, CS₂ and Cse₂. The molecular potential was represented by a super-position of atomic model potentials which were calibrated to atomic data. The Rydberg M.O. was expanded about the molecular mid-point in many members of a linear combination of hydrogen functions and of a Rydberg series were obtained in a single calculation on a computer. The results of the calculations were used to check previous assignments of Rydberg series in CO₂ and CS₂. The previously unreported vacuum u-v spectrum of CSe₂ was observed in the region from 1200-2000 Å, and analysed using the model calculations.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Cell Cycle Analysis in Developing Cercariae of Trichobilharzia ocellata (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae)

contributor:
Davidson, D.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Experiments described in this study were carried out in order to (a) determine the parameters of the cell cycle and (b) examine the mode of reproduction during cercarial development of Trichobilharzia ocellata.

The average duration of tC was estimated to be 15.2 hours in which tM lasts 1.6 hours; tG₁, 5.6 hours; tS, 4.8 hours; and tG₂, 3.2 hours. Beginning at the tail-bud stage, an increasing proportion of the cells cease to proliferate and become non-dividing cells; at this stage the first appearance of differentiating body structures was observed.

Nuclei were found to vary in morphology during interphase; these variations and the examinations of cells in the division phase of the cell cycle have been used to support the suggestion that all cells reproduce asexually throughout all stages of cercarial development.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Technique of Multiguilty in the Poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins

contributor:
Ferns, H.J.
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: Most words in the English language have more than one meaning, and few poets exploit this fact more than Hopkins, who often uses one word to suggest others that look or sound the same. What brings these supplementary denotations or implications to the surface of a word is usually the diction and imagery of the poem in which it appears, but other poems by Hopkins and his diaries can also be illuminating. In this thesis I explain the relations between multiple meanings and systems of imagery in individual poems and in Hopkins poetry as a whole. My discussion consists mainly of close analysis of selected poems and parts of poems intended to demonstrate the design and unity which result from this important stylistic technique.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Mind-Body Dualism in the Philosophy of Descartes: A Study of the Origins of the Mind-Body Problem

contributor:
Shalom, Albert
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
Prior to proposing a solution, it is necessary to first understand the problem which one is attempting to resolve. Many have wrestled to overcome the mind-body dualism of Rene Descartes' but few have made the effort to comprehend the factors which necessitated the Cartesian divorce between mind and body. To this latter task will I apply myself and this I propose to achieve by conducting an investigation for the main-spring which sets the Cartesian clock-work in motion.

If there is one central fact in the genesis of Descartes' thought, it must be his rationalism, his inherent trust in the process of reason as the guiding light in the search after truth. I will here conduct an examination of "reason" as it is unfolded in the Rules, which as a doctrine expounds Descartes' methodological approach to knowledge. I will then expand on the centrality of the Method and of reason, for Method is but an illustration of reason at work, by designating its importance as the foundation upon which Descartes' philosophy is built.

Having secured this general conclusion, I will then turn, in my final chapter, to my main theme: the mind-body problem, and here argue that Cartesian dualism, like the philosophy in general, is grounded in Descartes' rational attempt to gain knowledge. Finally, it will be concluded that Descartes' concept of matter, of "body" as extension, a concept grounded in reason itself, is the very feature which leads to the formulation of the dualism of mind and body.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The ¹B₂ ← ¹A₁ Electronic Transition of Selenium Dioxide

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: The B ← X system of selenium dioxide was studied in absorption in the gas phase and has been assigned to the electronic transition ¹B₂ ← X, ¹A₁. A complete vibrational analysis of the electronic transition is presented. The geometry of the excited state has been determined completely from rotational analysis of the l₀³ vibronic band and further confirmed by Frank-Condon calculations. The previously unknown ground state fundamentals ν₁ and ν₂ have been determined along with the three fundamentals of the ¹B₂ excited state. It is proposed that selenium dioxide has an asymmetric structure with unequal bond lengths in certain vibronic levels of the excited state involving ν₃ as a result of a double-minimum potential along the Q₃ co-ordinate.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Particle Transfer and Gamma Ray Studies of ¹⁴⁴Pm

contributor:
Summers-Gill, R.G.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
The nuclear structure of ¹⁴⁴Pm has been investigated by a combination of particles and ϒ ray spectroscopy. The ¹⁴³Nd(³He,d)¹⁴⁴Pm and ¹⁴³Nd(α,t)¹⁴⁴Pm reactions revealed a group of twelve levels up to an excitation of 514 keV, and other levels beyond 840 keV. The electromagnetic decays of the levels were found from high resolution singles and coincidence studies of the ¹⁴¹Pr(α,nϒ)¹⁴⁴Pm and ¹⁴⁴Nd(p,nϒ)¹⁴⁴Pm reactions.

The spins, parities and spectroscopic factors of the low lying levels, determined from the particle transfer and ϒ ray studies, can be successfully explained in terms of the mixed configurations π2d₅/₂ν2f₇/₂ and nlg₇/₂ν2f₇/₂. The observed ϒ ray branching ratios are also consistent with this interpretation. Tentative spin and parity assignments have also been made for levels beyond 840 keV.

Shell model calculations employing a surface delta interaction, have been carried out and shown to give reasonable agreement with the experimental data.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Magnetoelastic Effects in Rare Earth Metals and Compounds

contributor:
Goodlings, D.A.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: A theory developed by Toupin, Tiersten, Brown and Melcher employing finite strains and angular momentum invariants is applied to ferromagnets which have hexagonalclose-packed or cubic symmetry. A Hamiltonian is written down which includes Heisenberg-exchange, magnetic anisotropy, magnetoelastic terms and the Zeeman term and which is invariant under combined rotations of the magnetic and elastic systems. When the approximations of small-strain theory are subsequently carried out, there appear new terms originating in the magnetic an,isotropy that are linear in the antisymmetric strains ωμν and correspond to rotations of the elastic medium. The coupling of transverse acoustic waves to the magnetic system is studied and expressions are derived for the dependence of the measured elastic constants on an applied magnetic field in the ferromagnetic phase. Using available data on magnetic anisotropy and magneto-striction, estimates are given for the size of the effects that may be expected to be found in the rare-earth metals (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) and in some of the rare-earth-iron compounds RFe₂ (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm). Fractional changes in the elastic constants as large as 10⁻² are predicted in fields of about 50 kOe. Calculations are also performed for the field-dependent changes in c₁₁ and c₃₃ for longitudinal waves in the paramagnetic region for Dy and Ho.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Electronic Spectra of CSClF and CSCl₂

contributor:
Moule, D. C.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Three electronic absorption systems of thiocarbonylchlorofluoride have been observed in the visible and ultraviolet regions and have been assigned to the electronic transitions a⁻³A" ← X⁻¹A', A⁻¹A" ← X⁻¹A' and B⁻¹A' ← X⁻¹lA'. A vibrational analysis of these system has been carried out. The geometry of thiocarbonylchlorofluoride in the upper states a⁻³A", A⁻¹A" and B¹A' has been found to be nonplanar, while he molecule is planar in the ground state. A vibrational analysis of the visible absorption system (a⁻³A₂ ← X⁻¹A) of thiocarbonyldtchloride has been carried out and the excited state geometry of the molecule is found to be nonplanar with an out-of-plane angle of about 33°.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: β-diketone-Carbonyl Complexes of Rhenium(I)

contributor:
Lock, C.J.L.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
The reaction between chloropentacarbonyl rhenium(I) and β-diketones is shown to give two types of poducts, Re₂(CO)₆(dik)₂. A unique structure could not be established for either type using infra-red, nmr, mass spectrometry and magnetic measurements. Thus, a crystal structure of one member from each series was undertaken to solve the problem.

Re₂(CO)₆Cℓ₂(bamH)₂: the two halves of the molecule are related by a two fold axis and are held together by chlorine bridges. The neutral β-ketoenol groups are cis to-the chlorine bridges, are both on the same side of the molecule, and are each bonded to the rhenium atom via only one oxygen.

Re₂(CO)₆(dbm)₂: the two halves of the molecule are related by an inversion centre and are held together by one bridging oxygen from each β-diketone group. The angle between the O-Re-O plane and the OCCCO S-diketone plane is 37°, the largest ever observed for a metal β-diketonate.

The Re2(CO)6(dik)2 series was shown to undergo bridge breaking and further substitution to give products of the type Re(CO)₃dik)L and Re(CO)₂(dik)L₂ where L = Co, py, Ph₃P.

Finally, the crystal structure of an impurity, Re₂Cℓ₄(CO)ᵪ, was partially solved.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Characterization of Thin Heavily Doped Layers in Silicon

contributor:
Barber, H.D.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
The electrical characteristics of a thin heavily doped layer in silicon were determined.

A p⁺ 200 Ω/ m junction depth boron diffusion in a 2 Ω cm n-type phosphorous doped substrate was considered a typical thin heavily doped layer. This layer is of considerable practical importance being a standard base and resistor diffusion in planar processing.

To completely characterize the heavily doped layer, it was necessary to study the layers on either side; substrate and thermal oxide; and their interfaces with the heavily doped layer. The resultant structure was examined by means of MOS C-V, oxide leakage and breakdown, Hall effect, p-n junction characterization, and differential sheet resistivity using anodic sectioning and a four-point probe. These tests yielded the impurity profile, the transport and recombination properties of the substrate, the dielectric constant thickness, breakdown field and leakage current of the oxide and the properties of the substrate diffused layer interface. However, the properties of the heavily doped layer and its interface with the oxide were still unknown. To find them, an experimental procedure utilizing a new test structure was introduced.

The test structure consisted of an MOS capacitor formed over a heavily doped layer. The layer in turn formed one side of a p-n junction diode. The resultant structure was an MOS capacitor-emitter transistor (MOSCET). In operation, the p-n junction was reverse biased and became a minority carrier collector, while the MOS capacitor was biased into inversion for a controlled length of tire during which minority carriers were generated and formed the inversion layer. A voltage pulse applied to the MOS capacitor caused it to release minority carriers from the inversion layer. The carriers were transported across the layer under the combined influence of diffusion, and internal fields to the p-n junction where the charge that had not recombined during transit was collected.

The theoretical behaviour of the MOSCET was determined. First a MOS capacitance program was used to determfne the inversion charge as a function of the bias voltage. Then a model of the device was developed to explain the transient response when no inversion charge was present. A finite difference formulation was used to account for the minority carrier transport across, and recombination in, the diffused layer. A time dependent release mechanism was introduced as a boundary condition which included values calculated in the non-inversion response. The result was a self consistent model of the MOSCET which also agreed with the other experimental data available.

The MOSCET can be used to study two other phenomena as well as the characterization of thin heavily doped layers. This structure supplies the only direct confirmation of the relationship between inversion charge and bias voltage on the MOS capacitor. A study of the avalanche properties p-n junctions can be made, at very low multiplication values, with the MOSCET since the number of injected carries is so well known.

Measurements on the MOSCET yield the following properties of thin heavily doped layers.

(1) The minority carrier generation lifetime near the interface.

(2) The generation centre energy level.

(3) The average minority carrier recombination lifetime in the layer.

(4) The transport properties across the layer.

(5) The inversion potential.

(6) The fixed oxide charge density.

(7) The insulator stability.

These properties combined with those determined by the other techniques provide the most complete electrical characterization of the thin heavily doped layer to date.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The 4190 Å Absorptipn System of Selenium Dioxide

subject:
Chemistry
Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Chemistry

abstract: The 4190 Å absorption (C-) system of selenium dioxide has been studied in the gas phase and has been assigned to the ³B₂ ← X ¹A₁ electronic transition. The three ground state and the three excited state fundamental frequencies for Se⁷⁸O₂¹⁶, Se⁷⁸O₂¹⁸ and Se⁸⁰O₂¹⁶ isotopes are determined from the vibrational analysis. The intensity of the singlet-triplet transition is borrowed via the spin-orbit and the spin-vibronic coupling mechanism. The geometry of selenium dioxide in the excited state has been determined from the rotational analysis of the 2³₀3⁰₁ vibronic band. The intensities of the rotational transitions for this band are borrowed from singlet-singlet transitions between the ¹A₁ ground state and the ¹B₁ and ¹B₂ excited states. Coupling of the electronic and the orbital angular moments in the ³B₂ excited state is closely approximated by that in the Case (b) coupling limit.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: g-Derivatives and Gauss Structures on Differentiable Manifolds

contributor:
Lintz, R.G.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: Some results are given connecting the concepts of g-derivatives and Jacobians on differentiable manifolds. Also some general properties of Gauss structures on manifolds important for our problems are discussed here. The connection between g-derivatives and Jacobians is given by studying the following problem: Given two differentiable manifolds Mn and M'n and a differentiable map Φ: Mn → M'n with ⎮JU, U'Φ(x)⎮ > O* for each x ε Mn, find a g-function f and families of coverings (V,V') such that f: (Mn, V) → (M'n, V') generates Φ, and for suitable Gauss structures F, F' the g-derivatives Df generates a continuous function ψ, such that for all x ε Mn: ψ(x) = ⎮JU, U'Φ(x)⎮ for convenient local charts U,U.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Hyperfine Magnetic Fields at ¹⁸¹Ta Impurity Nuclei in Ferromagnetic ZrZn₂

contributor:
Cameron, J.A.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
The hyperfine magnetic field at ¹⁸¹Tm nuclei substituting at the zirconium sites in ferromagnetic ZrZn₂ was measured by the method of time-differential perturbed angular correlations (TDPAC). The value obtained was -17.3 ± 0.3 k0e with 2% hafnium impurity at the zirconium sites.

The hyperfine field was also measured as a function of hafnium and titanium concentration (substituting at zirconium sites) and compared with magnetization measurements on the same samples. The magnetization data agreed qualitatively with measurements by Ogawa: the magnetization decreases to zero at about 15% hafnium concentration, but increases to a maximum at about 20% titanium concentration. The hyperfine field, however, decreases less rapidly with hafnium concentration but drops off fairly suddenly near 20% hafnium. When titanium impurity is added, the hyperfine field does not increase by as great a fraction as does the magnetization.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of 4-Halonortricyclanes. At Last a Solution to the Norbornyl Cation Problem

contributor:
Werstiuk, Nick H.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
The stereochemistry of acid-catalyzed ring-opening of the cyclopropane ring in nortricyclane, 4-chloronortricyclane and 4-bromonortricyclane in D₂SO₄/acetic acid-d₄ medium has been investigated. Stereochemical analysis was carried out by dmr spectroscopy. The endo:exo deuterium ratios, at C6 of the exo-2-norbornyl trideuteroacetates-d1 are 1.12, 1.35 and 1.61 respectively.

These results conclusively establish that the norbornyl cation formed by edge-protonation is an unsymmetrical, classical and rapidly equilibrating species and not a symmetrical non-classical σ-bridged species.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: LA ATALAYA DE LAS CORONICAS DEL ARCIPRESTE DE TALAVERA: EDICION CRITICA DE PARTE DEL TEXTO CON UN ESTUDIO INTRODUCTORIO Y VOCABULARIO

contributor:
Fox, D.
Barta, R.
Burke, J.
Hispanic Studies

subject: hispanic studies

abstract: The Atalaya de las coronicas, the most extensive work of the Arcipreste de Talavera, is an historical summary which covers Spanish history from the beginnings of the Visigothic era to the middle of the fifteenth century, alotting to each king a chapter called coronica. This work, its author being the Arcipreste, is of particular interest for medieval literary history, but has mostly remained unknown to scholars. In 1970 the last Raul A. del Piero edited only a small section of the work, concluding with the coronica of the Visigothic king Amalarico. The present edition covers the period from the reign of Teudis (531-548), successor of Amalarico, to that of Fernando III (1217-1252). The edition is preceded by an Introductory Studdy which is divided into five chapters. Chapter one gives a broad outline of fifteenth-century historiography. Chapter two focuses on the content and the date of the work. One of the Atalaya's manuscripts (Codex Egerton 287 of the British Museum), denominated L, ends with the reign of Juan II; the other manuscripts only reach of the third year of the reign of Enrique III, predecessor of Juan II. The text of the Atalaya has an extensive lacuna; it omits the last part of the reign of Alfonso II and the five following reigns. The additional part of L was probably written after 1483, much later than the Atalaya's main part which was composed in 1443, as stated by the author himself three times in the text. The additional part of L, therefore, cannot be attributed to the Arcipreste who died, at the latest, in 1468. Chapter three deals with the sources. From the beginning of the work to the reign of Alfonso II, the basic source is the Primera Cronica General. In this section, the author of the five Atalaya occasionally elaborates certain passages of the sources with glosses, dialogues or narratives. The section Fruela II-Vermudo III derives from the Cronica de Veinte Reyes. From Fernando I to Alfonso VIII; the Atalaya is based again on the Primera Cronica General. The reigns of Enrique II and Fernando III are drawn either from the Cronica de Veinte Reyes or from the Cronica de Castilla. Later sections of the Atalaya derive respectively from the Tres Cronicas, the Cronica de Alfonso XI and Lopez de Ayala's Cronicas. Most of the additional part of the manuscript L is based on texts derived from the Cronica del Halconero de Juan II. Chapter four analyzes the style. The Atalaya in general reflects the arid and monotonous narrative of the medieval chronicle. However, it also shows characteristic traits of the Arcipreste's style -as exhibited in the Arcipreste de Talavera-, especially in some passages in which the author elaborates the material of the sources. Chapter five deals with the edition, Atalaya's extant manuscripts are described are their textual relationship is examined. Finally, the editorial policy is stated. Eight manuscripts of the Atalaya have been preserved, but three of them derive from one of the extant manuscripts and, therefore, have not been used for our edition. The basic text of the edition is the above-mentioned Codex Egerton 287 of the British Museum. Most variant readings from the other four manuscripts are given in the textual notes. The edition ends with a Glossary of unusual terms.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A System for the Synthesis of Machine Structures

contributor:
Siddall, J.N.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
Throughout this thesis the design of machine structures has been approached as a system comprised of three inseparable but distinct sub-systems; (1) computer hardware, (2) software, and (3) mathematical model. This work has evaluated the role of each sub-section and has developed a strategy to incorporate the capabilities of each sub-system into a cohesive approach to automated structural design.

A governing criterion of this work has been the desirability of retaining the engineering in the design process and devising a system that effectively utilizes his decision making abilities while relieving him of the tedious tasks of data assemblage and analysis.

Part One, the initial stage of this work, has been the development of a remote intelligent terminal system that has been designed to incorporate a selection of computer peripherals into a total system. This system can be fully utilized in a flexible manner by a user knowledgeable in FORKAN with a working knowledgeable of the timesharing system [missing text] the communication strategy developed. As well, a description is included of the generalized software applicable to the peripherals associated with the terminal and resident in the large scale computer.

In addition, Part One involves a description of the development of an operating system for the in-terminal computer as well as a library of programs that can be used with the system while it is operating in a stand-alone mode.

In Part Two of this work a software system has been developed that utilizes the terminal system and a large scale computer to demonstrate the application of this technology to a system for interactive design of machine structures. This software system is modular in approach allowing the user to enter the system at any point or terminate the program at any point - all files are automatically appended and stored by the system. Thus, no information is lost for partial runs.

Part Three is a description of the sub-optimal algorithm used in the automated design section described in Part Two. Results of trial designs of a standardized milling machine structure (CIRP structure) are presented.

In Part Four the terminal system and the associated software developed has been applied to an industrial design problem in the glass bottle industry. This application is presented to demonstrate how this type of intelligent terminal can be used as the central element in a hierachical computer system for Computer-Aided-Manufacturing (CAM).

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Sorption Kinetics and Equilibria on 4A Molecular Sieves

contributor:
Anderson, R.B.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
Adsorption rates and equilibria of several gases on 4A zeolite powder were measured with the aid of a constant pressure, variable volume apparatus. Data are presented for Ar, CH₄, N₂, C₂H₆, CO, CO₂ and O₂ at various temperatures between -150ºC and +20ºC. In calculating diffusivities, due account was taken of the fact that the zeolite particles were cubes having a range of sizes.

Equilibrium data are represented by Martin's version of the viral equation for two - dimensional non-ideal cases.

Diffusivities generally increase with adsorbate concentration and this tendency is more marked for gases which can strongly interact with the sodium cations in the 4A zeolite crystal structures. Entropies and enthalpies of activation for diffusion are presented and explained in terms of the molecular properties and heats of adsorption for the various adsorbates.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON SPACE IN THE READING OF DRAMA: AN ANALYSIS OF THERESE RAQUIN, VOR SONNENAUFGANG, AND THE THREE SISTERS

contributor:
Stevenson, J.T.
Bedford, C.H.
Hamlin, C.
Comparative Literature

subject:
Comparative Literature
Comparative Literature

abstract: In the Introduction chapter, the thesis outlines a basic premise concerning the reader of drama. This premise is then applied to three dramatic texts: Therese Raquin, Vor Sonnenaufgang, and The Three Sisters. The Introduction uses some of the writings of Roman Ingarden and Wolfgang Iser as a basis, although it does not rely on them exclusively. Following Ingarden, the thesis posits that the entities of author, text, and reader are necessary (but not exclusive) components in the existence of the literary work of art and states that it will concern itself specifically with the entities of text and reader. Within the text/reader relationship, it focuses on the reader's apprehension of the dramatic literary text as regards space. The thesis does not concern itself with the ontological status of the literary, work as such, but works from the premise, as elaborated by Ingarden and, subsequently, by Iser, that the literary text needs a reader in order to fulfill (at least some of) its potentialities as a text. It also posits that the process of reading is already partially prepared for within the text itself, i.e., that the text presumes future de-coding of itself by a reader and makes room for his collaboration towards the generation of a certain amount of meaning. The reader's most helpful tool in this participation process is the text's essential indeterminacy. During the linear process of reading, the reader is forced by the text's indeterminacy to fill gaps, make connections between the sometimes scattered schematized views, anticipate what is to come, or think back on what has already been read. Each text "intends" by its very "availability"; that is, because it has a certain number of pages upon which are arranged, in a chosen order, a set number of entities which allow for interpretation and manipulation by the imagination of the reader. No teleology or specific generation of meaning is intended by the thesis, however, when it says that the reader co-operates with the text in order to bring to fruition (some of) its "intention". Some of the specific problems which are inherent in treating the topic of the reading of drama are also discussed in the Introduction. The thesis maintains that, despite the traditional dichotomy that exists between text and performance, or drama and theatre, there is as much legitimacy in exploring the relationship between the reader and the dramatic literary text as there is in exploring the relationship between the reader and any other literary work of art. Since the dramatic text always always implies the visual and aural, however, it must always be read with performance in mind, and it thus sets up its own convention(s). The subsequent analysis of the three dramatic texts is done by focusing solely on the topic of [unclear word] of space. The choice of texts is relatively arbitrary in that it is not meant to proclaim what has been called the period of "naturalism" as the only or the best period to explore. The results of the analyses vary with the complexity of the texts chosen. However, the thesis concludes that the application of the theoretical stands outlined in the Introduction is just as legitimate for the dramatic literary text, within its own conventions, as it is for any other literary work.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Random Secants and Rays of Some Convex Geometrical Shapes

contributor:
Bahara, M.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: This thesis is devoted to investigating certain regular features of random secants and rays of some convex configurations. The randomness of a secant of a convex configuration does not arise uniquely. Several mechanisms under which the randomness of straight line paths through convex bodies commonly arise are discussed and the problem in geometrical probability of the distributions of lengths of random secants has been solved by a general and direct geometrical method based on geometrical arguments for the following configurations and types of randomness: (i) the general triangle, the rectangle, regular polygons, the circle and the sphere under S₁-randomness: (ii) regular polygons under S₂-randomness, (iii) the circle under I₁-randomness. In both (i) and (ii), it is shown that if the polygon Pm of M sides is inscribed in a circle of constant radius r for [missing text] to the same distribution function F(ℓ) of the random secant length L of the circle under S₁- and S₂-randomness. Since the distributions of the lengths of random secants of a circle under S₁-randomness and S₂-randomness are the same, we have here a remarkable instance of two different sequences of distribution functions Fˢ₁M(ℓ) and Fˢ₂M(ℓ), N - 3,4,,,,, (which are "paradoxical" according to Bertrand) of the randow secant length L of a polygon under S₁-randomness and S₂-randomness, converging to the same (hence, non paradoxical) distribution function F(ℓ) of the random secant length L of a circle. The probability laws of the random lengths of rays emanating in a random direction from random sources within the rectangle, circle and sphere have been formulated.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Origin and Development of Hellenistic Monumental Tombs in Western Asia Minor

subject: History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology

abstract: The thesis deals with grave monuments of various types that were conspicuous both for their size and for their magnificent decoration. These tombs were designed and built for the nobility and the well-to-do classes, who could afford such monumental undertakings. Large-scale tombs were generally built, or at least started, only in periods of peace and economic prosperity; even then, such tombs were often left unfinished after the death of the persons who commissioned them. Although many of these tombs played an important part in the development of the Hellenistic architectural style, the nature and significance of their contribution, and their relationship to other types of structure, have not yet been analysed in detail. Moreover, neither the circumstances that prompted such undertakings nor the origins of their architectural features (both structural and decorative) have been fully explored. For a long time the lack of systematic excavations, or even of adequate publication of remains accessible without excavation, has made a synthetic study of the tombs in question virtually impossible. Early studies of the problems involved (mostly dating from about the turn of the century) were too superficial in scope or too fanciful in concept to permit a proper evaluation of the architectural importance of the monumental tombs. Fortunately, in recent decades more and more reliable evidence has accumulated, so that it is now possible to obtain a clearer picture of monumental tomb buildings in the Mediterranean area as a whole. A number of excavations are still in progress, and new information is constantly emerging; nevertheless, it is already quite evident that Western Asia Minor played the dominant role in the development of monumental tomb-designs, at least down to the later third century B.C. No systematic examination either of the origins of the monumental tombs of Western Asia Minor, or of their further development both within and outside that region, can be attempted without first dealing with the problems of classification and terminology. The introductory chapters are therefore devoted to these aspects of the study. The evolution of monumental tomb structures prior to the fourth century B.C. is then examined; in this section, on the basis of the technical execution of the tombs, three main groups are distinguished: built tombs; rock-out tombs; and tumuli and underground tombs. The most popular, and thus the most successful, forms of funerary building were the "temple tombs" on podia, the so-called "mausoleum" type. The first "temple tombs" on podia were apparently erected in Lycia; after a generation or so of experiment, Persian, Greek and local traditions were combined to produce a type of tomb that satisfied the needs of the local oligarchy. Besides being burial places these large structures built above ground, served to glorify the achievements of the decreased and ensure his or her eternal "presence" within a given community. The earliest known structure of this nature was the Nereid Monument, built shortly after 400 B.C. at Xanthos in Lycia. Its predecessors were numerous end of various designs; but virtually none of them offered the same possibilities for future development as did the Nereid Monument. In the course of the fourth and third centuries designers of monumental tombs were quick to adapt forms and ideas from many other types of Greek building (e.g. theatres, entrance gates etc.), thus producing a great variety of tomb forms. The novelty of the large and richly decorated "temple tombs" of Western Asia Minor soon led to their appearance in other regions of the Mediterranean world. In each of these regions further developments often took place, as the borrowed forms were remodelled in terms of local materials and taste. From the large body of material outside Western Asia Minor only the best preserved and best documented examples have been examined, with a view to assessing their importance in the overall development of funerary architecture. It also seemed necessary to examine, at least briefly, some of the technical innovations encountered in Hellenistic tomb designs, e.g. methods of roof construction, with special reference to the use of the true vault in tomb architecture. Finally some of the problems of the relationship of monumental tombs to other types of building have been considered. Most of the material included in the thesis date from the sixth to the first century B.C. No strict geographical limits have been observed, since monumental tombs of the type under discussion were likely to be built wherever Hellenistic ideas penetrated. For each region an attempt is made to assess the importance of individual structures, both in the local context and within the general framework of Hellenistic architectural developments. From the latter point of view monumental tombs have a special interest; since they were not utilitarian structures, they provided excellent opportunities for architects to experiment with new forms and new architectural principles.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Acid-Catalyzed Protium-Deuterium Exchange in Norbornyl and Aromatic Systems

contributor:
Werstiuk, N. H.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
Solvolysis of nortricyclyl bromide (9a), nortricyclyl chloride (9b), nortricyclanol (9c), S- and 7-norbornenols (10b, 15), syn-7-hydroxy-exo-2-norborneol ([8a, and exo-2,3-cpoxynorbornane (19) in a sealed tube at 250º in 10% v/v Ol₃COOD-D₂O or D₂O alone in the case of the halonortricyclanes yields multiple but incomplete deuteration of the products 2-(cyclopentene)- acetaldehyde (11), 3-(cyclopentene) acetaldehyde (12), 3-(cyclohexene)carbox-aldehyde (13) and norcaphor (14). Similar results are obtained with norbornadiene (21).

Treatment of norbornene (53), nortricyclane (54), norbornyl acetate (55) and exo-norborneol (56) with 10% v/v CH₃COOD-D₂O at 250º yields primarily completely deuterated 2-norborneol in-reasonable yields. In contrast, treatment of benzonorbornadiene (64) under identical conditions results in selective deuteration of the aromatic ring of the product, benzonorborneol (65, 66).

Treatment of phenol (76), benzene (84), biphenyl (85), σ- and m- xylene (86, 87), benzoic acid (101) and pyridine (102) with 4% v/v conc. HC1 (conc. DCl) in D₂O or D₂O alone in the case of aniline hydrochloride (70) at temperatures between 200-275ºC results in selective deuteration of the aromatic nucleus with excellent isotopic incorporation and quantitative yields in most cases.

The high temperature-dilute acid (HTDA) exchange procedure described in the thesis is much superior to presently reported acid-catalyzed deuterium exchange techniques. The method presents substantial advantages, as compared with all other deuterium labelling procedures because of cost, simplicity of procedure, selectivity, freedom from steric effects and side reactions, high degree of isotope incorporation, essentially quantitative yields and most importantly, adaptability to large scale preparations. This process constitutes a new rapid one-step method of not only labelling organic compounds with deuterium and/or tritium but also provides a route for the preparation of ¹⁸O labelled phenols.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Defect-initiated fracture and strength of ceramics

contributor:
Nicholson, P.S.
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract: The strength of ceramics is related to their fracture toughness and the fracture-initiating defects. The present thesis reports investigations of the strength/defect relationships that increase understanding of strength-improvement pedagogies and strength prediction methodologies for ceramics. The strength improvement of a 4.5wt% yttriapartially-stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ) via defect elimination is demonstrated. Defect types were identified and eliminated via several novel techniques. These procedures were combined with a conventional sintering route. A crack model is developed and used to examine the discovered flaw/strength relationships. Four-point-bend flexural strengths were systematically improved from 880 to 1380 MPa, a value comparable to hot-isostatically-pressed or slip-cast materials. The flaw/strength relationships for various fracture origin types were examined, i.e. fiber inclusions, agglomerates, iron inclusions, pores and alumina inclusions. An order of flaw-type severity was discovered and defect types of the same "size" were found to act in a dissimilar fashion in fracture initiation. The "severity" is related to local residual stresses around defects due to thermal mismatch or differential sintering. The relative defect-severity was quantitatively ranked via the apparent fracture toughness and a "relative defect severity parameter" developed. The temperature dependence of this parameter for the various defect types was investigated and the behavior explained via residual stress relief. Combined high-temperature four-point-bend and chevron-notched-bar fracture toughness (Kio) tests were conducted. It was found that the residual stress associated with alumina defects in tetragonal zirconia was temperature-dependent, that associated with agglomerates, temperature-independent and could be annealed. No residual stress was associated with pores. The residual-stress relaxation temperature (Tg) was determined for tetragonal zirconia. The size equivalence of inclusion defects and the resulting flaws was investigated. The fracture behavior of alumina inclusions was investigated via an Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ composite layer sintered onto the tensile surface of PSZ four-point-bend bars. It was found that inclusion fracture exclusively occurred and the fracture was associated with weak interfaces between the grains of the alumina inclusion or between the inclusions and matrix. Crack initiation in the fracture-toughness chevron-notched-bend bar was studied. Ideal testing conditions for valid Kio values strongly depend on specimen preparation and material. An in-test precracking techniques was developed for Kio testing at room and elevated temperatures. A Y-PSZ ceramic was tested and ideal testing conditions proven. Defect-initiated fracture models for ceramics developed. Fracture initiation is a typical inclusion with a thermal expansion coefficient and fracture toughness lower than the matrix and a Young's modulus higher than the matrix was analyzed and modeled for a spherical inclusion using a weight function method to compute the residual stress intensity of factor and a part-through elliptical crack model to follow the crack extension. The model was used to predict the strength of PSZ containing α-Al₂O₃ inclusions. It was also used to compute the Tg for tetragonal zirconia. The predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data. For agglomerate-initiated fracture, an agglomerate sintering/ residual-stress-retention model is proposed and used to estimate the fracture stress for agglomerate-matrix decohesion. The residual stress levels after elastic and thermal recovery were estimated and, agreed with experimental data.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Reactions of Some Rhodium and lridium Hydrides

contributor:
Maitlis, P.M.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
Reactions of the complexes [C₅Me₅MCl₂]₂ (M=Rh and Ir) with alcoholic base gave the bridged hydrides (C₅Me₅M)₂HCl₃.

The hydrides reacted readily at room temperature with cyclic and acyclic diolefins to give π-allylic complexes, the cyn- isomers being the ones obtained when a choice was available. When both terminal and internal double bonds were present, addition of M-H occurred preferentially to the terminal double bond.

The allylic complexes showed varying degrees of stability towards reductive elimination (by lossof HCl) and the formation of 1,3-diene complexes. Allyis with only syn-substituents were stable towards diene complex formation. Those with an additional C-2 methyl substituent were less stable and the diene complexes could be obtained under moderately drastic conditions, presumably via G-allyl intermediates. Allyls with an anti-methyl or -methylene substituent underwent reductive elimination of HCI to give diene complexes spontaneously and these reactions were accelerated by the presence of triethylamine.

Kinetic studies on these hydride-diene reactions indicated that the reactions were first-order with respect to the hydride and independent of the nature and concentration of the diene. Except for 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene, all dienes studied reacted at the same rate with the same hydride. The deuterides (C₅Me₅M)₂DCl₃ did not show any significant kinetic isotope effect. These results suggested that the rate-determining step of these hydride-diene reactions was the cleaving of the chloride bridge to create a vacant site. Mechanisms for the formation and decompositions of the allyls are proposed.

Reactions of [C₅Me₅MCl₂]₂ with dibenzylideneacetone, allyl cyanide and some β-diketones are described.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The superfluity of the law in Philo and Paul: A study in the history of religions

contributor:
Westerholm, Stephen
Religious Studies

subject:
Religious Studies
Religion
Religion

abstract: This thesis looks at two seminal Jewish thinkers of the 1st century C.E., Philo of Alexandria and the Apostle Paul, and compares their distinct views of the Mosaic law with Graeco-Roman discussions of law. Specifically, it asks how Graeco-Roman discussions of "higher" law--the law of nature (nomos physeos), the unwritten law (agraphos nomos), and the living law (nomos empsychos)--influenced, or might have influenced, Philo and Paul in their attempts to understand the Mosaic law in an Hellenistic environment. Each of these forms of Graeco-Roman law implied a depreciation of the written, or civil, law. Did Philo, who adopted each of these forms of law, imply such a depreciation of the Mosaic law? Did he intend, as a number of scholars have argued, to claim that the Mosaic law was a second best choice for the truly wise person? This thesis sets Philo squarely in the context of these Graeco-Roman discussions, in order that not only his dependence but also his uniqueness may be seen in his adoption of these ideal forms of law. The case of Paul is somewhat different. Paul did claim that the law of Moses was abolished for the Christian. His radical response to the Torah has no precedent in Jewish thought, yet for the most part his view of the law seems not to be dependent upon Hellenistic thought. Was he nevertheless influenced by these Graeco-Roman discussions in his extreme reaction to the continuing validity of the law of Moses for the Christian? Was he influenced, particularly, by the law of nature, which claimed that the sage was not bound by the written law, or by the living law, which replaced the written law with the king, the living law? This thesis compares Paul's thought on the law to these Graeco-Roman discussions of the "higher" law. The thesis begins with an overview of the concepts of "higher law," and then moves to a study of law in Philo and in Paul. It finishes with a comparison of Philo and Paul and their responses to the Mosaic law. It contends that in their views of the Mosaic law Philo remains true, even in the face of Hellenism, while Paul rejects the law, because of his experience of Jesus Christ and the present eschatological reality in which he lived.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: A Minicomputer Preprocessor and System Macros For the Apt Language

contributor:
Yellowley, I.
Maraghy, H. El
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
In this work a new NC design, based on the existing APT system (processor and postprocessors) and consisting of an additional front-end interactive Basic preprocessor, is presented. Software was developed that enables a part programmer to generate a part program on a 16 K minicomputer (PDP11/34). In order to fully exploit the off-line capabilities of an intelligent terminal, routines were written that display the geometrical input. While verifying the latter the user is offered the opportunity to instantaneously modify the displayed geometry if required.

Subroutines of the APT part programming language (macros) were developed to cover basic geometrical configurations of turned parts (bar stock and forgings) and 2½ axes milled pockets. This approach reduces part programming to inserting dimensions of the workpiece and the technology involved.

As far as technology is concerned, a milling optimiza-routine was developed that can direct the user in the selection of a cutterradius, feed and rotational speed when machining pockets.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: On Locally m-convex Function Algebras

contributor:
Husain, T.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: In this thesis an analogue of B-completeness is defined for locally m-convex algebras. Namely, a commutative locally m-convex algebra A is said to be a B(£) algebra if every continuous and almost open homomorphism from A onto any locally m-Convex algebra is open. A characterization is obtained of those completely regular spaces X for which C(X) with the compact-open topology is a B(£) algebra. Permanence properties of B(£) algebras are investigated, and extensions of the closed graph theorem are obtained. In addition, a categorical treatment of commutative locally m-convex algebras and their relationship with completely regular spaces is given.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Fourier Transforms of Lipschitz Functions on Compact Groups

contributor:
Stewart, James D.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
If a function f is in LP(G), where 1
 p/(p+αp-1), and a similar result holds for the n-dimensional torus. These results are generalizations and analogues of classical theorems of Bernstein and Titchmarsh about Fourier series and integrals. Furthermore we obtain more precise information for the case p = 2.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Analysis and identification of robust linear models for multivariable control

contributor:
MacGregor, John F.
Chemical Engineering

abstract: This study considers control problems associated with robust stability and performance of linear, time-invariant multivariable controllers. The robust stability and performance problems considered here are determined exclusively by the steady-state properties of closed-loop systems, and therefore they are independent of controller design and tuning methods. New approaches, one based on geometric interpretations and the other on singular value decomposition, are proposed to analyze the effects of steady-state model mismatches. The new analysis approaches are able to distinguish the critical differences between a process and its model that cause the control problems, and to identify the crucial process characteristics that must be preserved in the model if the closed-loop system is to be robust. This study shows that these properties are related to specific geometric differences and to particular elements in the singular value decomposition matrices, and that it is the structure rather than the magnitude of multivariate model mismatch that dominates the robustness properties. These results explain the fact that many nonlinear processes can be controlled by linear controllers with robustness over a wide range of operating conditions, in spite of the large mismatch magnitudes arising from process nonlinearities. Physical examples of these processes are given in this thesis. The analysis results are also used to specify new criteria for experimental designs to identify linear models that lead to robust multivariable controllers. The new experimental designs are based on minimizing model uncertainities in the multivariate model structure rather than simply the mismatch magnitude. The significance of the new experimental design approach is that it can identify robust models that yields high-performance control even for ill-conditioned processes. These robust identification designs usually require input perturbations that are drastically different from traditional designs.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The inhibitory action of myochrysine, a gold based, anti-rheumatic drug, on platelet activation

contributor:
Lock, C.J.L.
Medical Sciences

subject:
Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences

abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease. It can be treated with the gold(I) based drug, Myochrysine. Much research has been done in the past, in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of action of this drug. To date, the mechanism remains a mystery. It is known however that Myochrysine inhibits the action of inflammatory cells. Myochrysine has been shown to inhibit phagocytosis, chemotaxis and the respiratory burst in mononuclear phagocytes and polymorphonuclear cells; T and B cell proliferation; interleukin 2 secretion from T cells; interleukin 2 receptor expression on T cells; as well as thrombin stimulated platelet aggregation and release. All of these inflammatory cell functions are mediated by a biochemical pathway involving receptor-G-protein mediated phospholipase C activation which results in Ca²⁺ mobilization and protein kinase C activation. It is proposed that Myochrysine acts to relieve rheumatoid arthritis by interfering with some point(s) in this biochemical pathway in inflammatory cells. Through the use of the platelet as a model system, it has been shown that Myochrysine inhibits the collagen, ADP, and U46619 induced platelet aggregation and serotonin release; that Myochrysine inhibits collagen induced myosin light chain and pleckstrin phosphorylation; that the inhibitory action is fast and reversible; that the inhibitory effect is not dependent on the presence of albumin; that the inhibitory effect does not involve cyclic nucleotide increases and that Myochrysine does not inhibit TPA induced pleckstrin phosphorylation or A23187 induced myosin light chain phosphorylation. More importantly, it is shown that Myochrysine inhibits platelet activation in a manner very similar to inhibition of platelet activation by other sulfhydryl reacting agents, including cell impermeant compounds. The data presented are consistent with the action of Myochrysine being at a membrane surface sulfhydryl group, most probably at a common structurally important sulfhydryl group within platelet receptors involved in the activation of the protein kinase C/Ca²⁺ mobilization pathway. Data are also presented which indicate that both the gold(I) moiety and the thiomalate ligand of Myochrysine can inhibit platelet function.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Energy Bands of Acceptor-Type Graphite Intercalation Compounds

contributor:
Datars, W.R.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
Reaction of graphite with liquid antimony pentachloride produced stage 1 and 2 intercalation compounds. A stage-1 SbF₆-compound was prepared by reaction of graphite with nitryl hexafluoroantimonate in solution and by reaction with the solid salt. Reaction of solid nitryl tetrafluoroborate with graphite produced a stage-2 compound.

The de Haas-van Alphen spectrum of the stage-1 SbCl₅ compound had a dominant oscillation of 1212 T. The oscillation was identified with the basic graphitic band. The dHvA spectrum of the stage-2 SbCl₅ compound depended on the cooling rate between room temperature and 77 K. The spectra of slowly-cooled samples had two fundamental oscillations of frequencies of 422 and 1190 T which were identified with the basic graphitic bands. Beat patterns of the fundamental frequencies were explained by doubling of the c-axis lattice constant. From the beat frequencies values of the interaction between states localized on graphene layers separated by an intercalate layer were estimated to be 0.6 meV and 0.7 meV. From these values the anisotropy of the conductivity was calculated to be 9x10⁴.

The dHvA spectra of stage-1 SbF₆⁻ compound depended on the method of preparation. With samples prepared by reaction of solid NO₂SbF₆, a dominant frequency of 1627 T was observed. Two fundamental oscillations of frequencies of 523 and 1877 T were observed in the spectrum of stage-2 BF₄⁻ compound and were identified with the basic graphitic bands.

The predictions of the rigid band model of Holzwarth (1980) were in agreement with measured dHvA frequencies and cyclotron masses with the Fermi energy adjusted to the charge transfer in each compound. The fitted values are -1.12 eV for stage-1 SbCl₅ compound, -0.88 eV for stage-2 SbCl₅, -1.28 eV for stage-1, SbF₆⁻ and -0.96 eV for stage-2 BF₄⁻ compound. The simpler model of Blinowski et al. (1980) was found less accurate.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)