identifier: Hart, Susan M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hart=3ASusan_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1986) "We laugh at the world around us" : the folklore of a young male friendship group.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
A basic tenet of folkloristics is that the folk group is the centre for the creation, adaptation and dissemination of folklore. Analysis of different kinds of folk groups yields a deeper understanding of the processes and patterns of folklore. Although the friendship-based group is one of the most pervasive and highly valued groups in our society today, folklorists have neglected it. A search of the literature reveals that anthropologists, sociologists and psychologists, but not folklorists, have written extensively about friendship. Yet our discipline could certainly enhance understanding of the friendship bond, friendship groups, and their expressive behaviour with its own perspective and approach. This thesis is intended to show that traditional and conventional expressive behaviour is vital to the identity of the friendship group, and that the friendship group is a significant source of folklore. -- This study has four research objectives. The formation of the identity of the study group, which is the focus of the first objective, is analysed not only from the perspective of the folklore of the group but also with consideration of its history and the relationships amongst its members. The two main themes of this friendship group's folklore are fantasy and competition. The second purpose is to discover how a friendship group established its identity. In the case of the group under consideration, the creation and maintenance of a distinctive folklore, particularly humour, is the central means to this end. This folklore is concentrated in four areas: conversational genres, including personal experience narratives, wordplay, quotations, boasts and taunts set in the context of various conversational styles; humour, in the form of situational joking and in-jokes; the
transformation of mass-mediated culture into small group folklore, most notably recorded music, paperback science fiction and fantasy novels, and movies and television; and games, being war-games and fantasy role-playing games. The third research objective is to determine how the factor of all-male membership influences group folklore and identity. Masculine culture has been so taken for granted by most scholars that it has seldom been the focus for study, and even then the approach has rarely been satisfactorily rigorous. Competitiveness, as mentioned above, is the element of male culture most strongly evidenced in this group, but other elements such as an orientation to success and avoidance of emotional expressiveness, are also to be found, always in distinctive folkloric patterns. The final research objective concerns the manner in which a group transforms the products of mass-mediated culture into items of in-group folklore. No modern, urban folk group is unaffected by the mass media, but this does not destroy its folklore; rather, the content of such media is incorporated into the group's folklore and transformed in the process. This group, as indicated above, chooses certain areas of popular culture appropriate to its' members age and leisure orientation.


identifier: Trillaud, Sylvie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Trillaud=3ASylvie=3A=3A.html>   (1995) La femme et l'institution matrimoniale face a l'eglise et a l'etat dans L'Heptameron de Marguerite de Navarre.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract: Dès la parution de l'Heptaméron, la critique littéraire relégua le texte dans la catégorie des oeuvres mineures. Elle n'y voyait qu'une imitation sans panache du célèbre Décaméron. C’était ignorer la valeur indéniable des épilogues pleins de subtilités qui font la lumière sur les thèmes présentés. Récemment revalorisé et remis au goût du jour, ce texte présente plusieurs intérêts pour les chercheurs. Dans le présent travail, l'Heptaméron nous fournit des renseignements précis sur le XVIe siècle. Le sujet qui nous intéresse ici est la situation sociale de la femme par rapport au mariage contrôlé par les pouvoirs. Toutes les thèses qui se heurtent à travers le texte trouvent leur place dans la vision du monde que Marguerite de Navarre donne sur son temps. -- Dans une première phase qui s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une critique littéraire et historique, nous tâctions de définir et de délimiter l'influence et le rôle joués par l'Eglise catholique et l'Etat, et analysons les raisons pour lesquelles ces deux autorités exercent un contrôle permanent sur la vie des individus. Durant la deuxième phase, dans un chapitre consacré à l'examen du contenu thématique des nouvelles, puis dans un autre sur les comportements des dix narrataires, nous démontrons que les hommes et les femmes dépeints se soumettent assez mal aux exigences civiles et religieuses. Si l'homme jouit d'une certaine liberté de droits, la femme reste soumise à l'autorité masculine. Or au XVIe siècle, les changements survenant dans la vie sociale provoquent un essor de contrecoups dans les relations sociales et familiales. L'individu, qui a reçu une certaine instruction et qui peut être considéré comme un esprit éclairé, commence à prendre conscience des frictions et des incompatibilités existant entre les codes socio-religieux et la nature humaine instinctive. Sous couvert d'un divertissement, l'Heptaméron s'impose comme une oeuvre à part entière.


identifier: Maher, Daniel J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Maher=3ADaniel_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1989) La Fontaine a la rencontre de l'Orient : l'influence du Livre des lumieres sur les Fables.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Dans l’avertissement au deuxième recueil des Fables, La Fontaine affirme en devoir à Pilpay "la plus grande partie" des sujets. Le fabuliste semble ainsi se distancier du premier recueil dont Esope lui avait fourni la source de la grande majorité des fables. Or, une étude quantitative du deuxième recueil révèle que La Fontaine se sert non seulemcnt de Pilpay et d'Esope mais aussi d'un grand nombre et d'une grande variété d'autres sources. Si celui-ci y est présent tout autant que celui-là, (quoique beaucoup moins qu'au premier recueil) la somme des récits que La Fontaine tire de ses deux devanciers ne représente qu'une minorité du nombre total des fables. L'on doit donc se demander quelle est la véritable influence de l'auteur indien. -- Les quelques brefs articles et l'unique livre récent consacrés à cette question ne situent pas les fables tirées de Pilpay dans le contexte plus large de l'emploi des sources principales par La Fontaine- étape à notre avis essentielle à une appréciation de l’apport de l'auteur indien. Au cours d'un travail qui s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'analyse narrative genettienne, nous espérons ouvrir une nouvelle perspective sur l'originalité du poète français en faisant voir exactement ce qu'il doit à son prédécesseur indien et ce qu'il ne lui doit pas. Dans un chapitre consacré à l'examen du contenu thématique des recueils des deux auteurs, par exemple, nous montrons que les thèmes du conteur oriental sont le plus souvent considérablement remaniés pour refléter la vision de La Fontaine. Notre examen des remaniements diégétiques révèle par contre que La Fontaine emprunte parfois les structures narratives complexes du recueil indien, sans pour autant suivre aveuglément son modèle. -- Au niveau stylistique, l'on constate que La Fontaine remplace systématiquement certains détails qui risquerait de trop mettre en valeur l'exotisme des fables tirées de Pilpay par d'autres détails d'un "faux exotisme" tout superficiel qui lui permettent de faire valoir la nouveauté de ses sources orientales sans pour autant choquer la sensibilité des lecteurs français. Il nous semble certain en fin de compte que La Fontaine est obligé de travailler les fables du fonds oriental beaucoup plus que la plupart de celles tirées des autres sources pour les rendre conformes à sa nouvelle conception de la fable. Même si les fables inspirées de Pilpay ne représentent qu'un pourcentage assez réduit du nombre total de fables, l'influence du conteur indien est partout visible au deuxième recueil dont Le livre des Iumières se distingue à notre avis comme la plus importante des sources.


identifier: Squires, Catherine Hope <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Squires=3ACatherine_Hope=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Luce Irigaray and Les fous de bassan : a reading.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This paper is a reading of Anne Hébert's novel, Les fous de Bassan, following Luce Irigaray's analysis of western culture. The novel through its title, deconstructs the unified subject by bringing into play pairs of binary oppositions for which the underlying opposition is, culture as creation:nature as creation. This foregrounds the role of  reproduction in the creation of culture which we then examine through demonstrating the lack of a vertical dimension in the mother/daughter relationship. The novel, at  the same time, affords the reader symbolization of two notions, the threshold and mucosity, both of which Irigaray suggests as possible new categories of thought that could allow sexual difference to be expressed in language.


identifier: Keough, Renee <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Keough=3ARenee=3A=3A.html>   (1994) L'Evolution d'un discours : une etude des dernieres oeuvres de Simone de Beauvoir.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The final works of Simone de Beauvoir, Les Belles Images and  La Femme rompue, are radically different from her earlier works, both in style and in content. This study looks at these changes in the context of discourse theory, beginning with Michel Foucault, whose analysis of the nature of power and the relationship of power and discourse brings into question the nature of the subject. The place of the subject  in discourse is then studied more closely in the work of postmodern theorists, including Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. Using the work of such theorists, we analyze the role of discourse and its relation to power in Beauvoir's later works, locating the beginnings of a change in Beauvoir's thought in her most highly acclaimed work, Les Mandarins. -- Through a detailed study of Les Mandarins, Les  Belles Images, and "Monologue", we study Beauvoir's changing  perceptions of the nature of reality and of power as expressed through novelistic discourse and through the discourse of the principal female characters in each of these works. We show how Beauvoir moves away from the notion  of an objective, knowable reality, represented through the transparent tool of discourse, towards the notion of partial  realities constituted through the discourse of individual subjects. This change also implies a shift in her perception  of the subject, from that of the rational historical (male) subject ontologically prior to language and to society, towards the notion of the subject as discursively and intersubjectively constituted. Finally, these changes in the  nature of reality and of discourse bring us back to the nature of power in late capitalist society, and to the relationship between power and discourse. Beauvoir's discourse is seen to have evolved from Les Mandarins to "Monologue", from a perception of power as a structure imposed on society and on individuals by the State, to that of a dispersed network of changing relations between individuals and groups, these individuals and groups then exercising power through discourse.


identifier: Helbert, Sheldon <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Helbert=3ASheldon=3A=3A.html>   (1986) Herbicide behaviour in a boreal forest podzol.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Keywords: Herbicide; Distribution; Persistence; Leaching; Forest; Podzol; Soil; 2,4-D; Dicamba; Hexazinone; Tebuthiuron; Picloram. -- There is inadequate information concerning herbicide persistence in soils of the boreal forest. A field study of herbicide behaviour in an Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol began in the spring of 1983 in northeast central Newfoundland on a south-facing slope near Gambo Pond. 2,4-D, dicamba, hexazinone, tebuthiuron and picloran were applied on 5 test plots within a clear-cut site. Under stringent controls the LF, Ae, Bf, BC and C soil horizons were sampled up to 486 days after application. Residue analyses of samples from the soil horizons show the distribution of herbicides through the profile over time, and indicate each herbicide's propensity to leach and persist. Results show that all herbicides leach to all depths sampled indicating that there is the potential for contamination of lower levels including groundwater. The amounts detected in the lowermost horizon range from 0.9 mg a.i. per m² for picloram to 74.5 mg a.i. per m² for hexazinone (mg active ingredient values are adjusted for recovery, soil moisture, bulk density and horizon thickness). Initial application rates, varied between herbicides and are reflected in the residue concentrations detected. With the exception of tebuthiuron, 90 % of the herbicides disappeared from the soil 5 months after application. With the exception of picloram the herbicides persisted within the range of time intervals suggested by other authorities. Each ecosystem has particular sensitivities which must be buffered by environmental parameters (e.g., bulk density, clay and organic matter content, soil moisture and ambient temperature) limiting the  movement and distribution of herbicides in the soil. Thus, herbicide use must be carefully managed to safeguard the natural environment.


identifier: Vardy, Robert B. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Vardy=3ARobert_B=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1987) An integrated approach to resource development analysis : a study of the fuel peat resources of southeastern Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis has no abstract


identifier: Kodybka, Richard Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kodybka=3ARichard_Joseph=3A=3A.html>   (1981) Erosion of Paleozoic bedrock in the terminal zone of Yoho Glacier, British Columbia.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Recent research has revealed differing points of view as to whether the physical characteristics of glacial debris are determined by the lithology of eroded bedrock or are a function of the environment of transport and deposition. A gap exists in the literature concerning short distances of transportation where relatively soft sedimentary rocks predominate and the resultant eroded bedform morphologies. -- In the proglacial zone of Yoho Glacier, British Columbia, there are seven main sedimentary lithologies which have been  exposed by recent, post-Neoglacial recession. The beds lie across the former direction of ice movement. Both erosional and depositional surfaces are exposed and virtually unmodified by other geomorphic and subaerial processes. It is therefore possible to compare the bedrock erosion and comminution processes for varying adjacent sedimentary bedrock types under the same general ice conditions. -- In order to gain an understanding of sub-glacial erosional processes from the examination of bedrock lithology, contents of related tills, and surface roughness, certain field and laboratory procedures were adopted and designed. In an attempt to combine glaciological and glacial-geological practices, certain procedures can be viewed as standard. Others have been adopted from the engineering and computer sciences disciplines to help demonstrate some physical and chemical characteristics of lithology, tills and surfaces (bedrock) that have in the past been given only  passing examination. -- Laboratory analyses conducted on till samples did not produce results that enable definite conclusions to be drawn about the relationship between bedrock type and their volumetric abundance in till. Although bimodality is observed in the grain size distribution curves with apparent terminal grade modes, it is doubtful that these characteristics are solely the result  of either bedrock type, distance of transport, or mode of transport, but rather a combination of these. The excavation  of large boulders and their subsequent deposition down-valley from their source (1.5 km) clearly indicates that not  all materials are greatly reduced in bulk. However, because bimodality is observed in all samples, the bedrock units were probably comminuted to some degree due to a combination  of abrasion and plucking, in transport for up to 1.5 km from their source. -- To indicate the roughness of a given bedrock unit, the extent of each physical and chemical characteristic of the bedrock unit must be specified. It is hypothesized that 'ideal plane' or 'ideal sliding surface' configurations (surface roughness) of bedrock units need not  necessarily be horizontally level to enhance glacier flow. Based on physical and chemical characteristics of bedrock types, and of glacier ice conditions at the ice-rock interface, each bedrock unit tends toward its own configuration which enhances flow and retards erosion. The roughness of a bedrock unit can be viewed as its morphological variation from its ideal plane or ideal sliding surface configuration which may not necessarily be a  smooth surface (horizontally level). -- The results of bedrock unit strength tests (susceptibility to erosion by physical and chemical processes), and of the ranking of bedrock units with reference to slope frequency distribution, ideal plane configuration and degree of horizontal levelness clearly indicates that over a given time period, relatively weaker bedrock units will erode to a smoother surface than stronger bedrock units.


identifier: Moulton, Joan Elizabeth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Moulton=3AJoan_Elizabeth=3A=3A.html>   (1989) Terrain classification using Landsat Thematic Mapper and digital topographic data in the Burwash Uplands, Southwest Yukon.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images, if analysed properly, can provide land scientists with valuable terrain information.  In high relief environments digital classification accuracies to date have been relatively low compared to those in less mountainous terrain.  While the nature of the topographic effect on Landsat TM data is not fully understood, it is expected that low accuracy may be attributed, in part, to the lack of an appropriate expression of topography in the Landsat image data set.  This study was designed to investigate the influence of various surface cover and topographic parameters on the spectral response measured by the TM sensor and show that a data set composed of topographic terrain descriptors can provide additional information which can be incorporated in terrain analysis of mountainous regions.  A second objective was to investigate the improvement in TM terrain classification accuracy that could be achieved for a mountainous area in the Southwest Yukon if an ancillary topographic data set was incorporated in the analysis as a logical channel in a discriminant type classifier. -- Correlation procedures were employed to systematically analyse the relationships between TM spectral response and the topographic component of terrain.  Bivariate and multiple correlation coefficients were interpreted to show that landcover and topographic characteristics of the landscape are linked and that the parameters of both these components have an effect on TM data.  Canonical correlation coefficients were interpreted to mean that the variance in the sensor data set was not fully explained by the variance in either the surface cover, topographic or combined data sets.  This suggested that additional information may be contained in the topographic variables which is not contained in the sensor data and may be useful for classification in high relief terrain. -- Two supervised classification schemes were used to investigate the improvement in terrain classification accuracy that was possible by incorporating topography.  These classifications conform to the general principles of the 'landscape approach’ and were based on nine biophysical classes studied in the field and in metric aerial photography.  The first classification examined the statistical improvement in classification accuracy that was possible by augmenting spectral TM data with elevation, slope, aspect, relief, and percent vegetation cover measured at 672 pixels in the field.  Discriminant functions were generated based on the TM data alone and integrated with the other terrain descriptors in several combinations.  Classification accuracy was tested using 102 pixels which had not been used in the derivation of the functions.  The results show that overall classification accuracy improved from about 64% when the TM data were used alone to 79% when elevation alone was added and up to 98% when the additional topographic field descriptors were used.  Accuracy was 100% when the percent surface cover variables were included. -- The second classification scheme examined the spatial impact of incorporating topography in the classification.  This involved a maximum-likelihood classification and mapping of the entire study area using the TM data alone and, subsequently, the spectral plus topographic descriptors extracted from an interpolated digital elevation model (DEM) for all pixels in the study area.  Mapping accuracy was 55.8% when the TM data were used alone and 77.6% when topography was incorporated.  These results provide evidence that TM and topographic data sets derived from a DEM can be integrated in terrain classification to improve the accuracy of results in high relief environments.


identifier: Orr, Jeffrey Aurdon <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Orr=3AJeffrey_Aurdon=3A=3A.html>   (1987) Scottish merchants in the Newfoundland trade, 1800-1835 : a colonial community in transition.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A distinctive Scottish merchant community survived into this century and trace elements of their presence are still manifest today.  This community had deep roots.  Regular Scottish trade with Newfoundland extends back to the American War of Independence, and particularly its aftermath.  The lucrative Scottish traffic in tobacco with the southern colonies was arrested during the war and some Clyde merchants redirected their trade to British North America, supplying goods to the garrisons and to the British cod fishery.  This fishery was by then long established in eastern Newfoundland.  Scottish trade expanded during the Napoleonic Wars as Newfoundland came to dominate the salt cod markets.  Prices for fish increased dramatically early in the nineteenth century and Scottish merchants were lured to St. John's and its outports to manage the trade.  Like the vast majority of other British merchants they did not settle permanently, at least not initially, but as residency in Newfoundland expanded during and after the Napoleonic Wars Scottish merchants transferred their headquarters to St. John's and established a permanent community there. -- This thesis examines the origins and growth of Scottish trade with St. John's during the transition from a temporary to a permanent resident merchant community between c. 1780 and 1835.  It focuses on the emergence of Greenock as a leading supply centre for Newfoundland early in the nineteenth century, and its subsequent decline as other ports dislodged British and Irish ports from a long-standing trade by the 1830s.  Most of the supplies sent to Newfoundland by Scottish merchants were sent on Scottish ships and cod and cod oil were carried to the markets on these vessels.  This thesis reconstructs the spatial patterns of Scottish shipping in the North Atlantic, from the initial tentative and mainly shuttle voyages between the Clyde and St. John's in the eighteenth century to more elaborate multilateral routes, integrating three or more distinct and widely scattered areas around the Atlantic into the trading network in the 1830s. -- The transition from temporary to a resident merchant society was a slow process.  Initially the Scottish mercantile presence at St. John's comprised largely young unmarried male clerks or agents for Clyde houses, living over stores on the waterfront, serving out terms of apprenticeship.  Typically these men returned to the homeland, joined the parent company as junior partners or set up as merchants on their own account.  After around 1815, however, they began to settle in St. John's.  They brought out their families, built dwelling houses and expanded their premises on the waterfront.  Scots registered more and more vessels in St. John's throughout the 1820s and 1830s as their residency increased.  From 1779 to 1835, close to forty Scottish firms were established.  At their peak in 1814 there were twelve companies operating, controlling one-seventh of the total Newfoundland trade.  They dealt with English and Irish planters and their servants in the outharbours through a network of Scottish and other agents, advancing them supplies in the spring on a promise of their fish in the fall.  They also dealt extensively with other merchants, traders and artisans in St. John's.  In this they were typical of large St. John's cod merchants but they did not have the advantage of English and Irish merchants in Newfoundland who could trade with their fellow countrymen.  The Scots in Newfoundland did not fish.  They were never more than a tiny minority and focused almost entirely on international trade.  But by 1835 they were a potent mercantile force in the Newfoundland trade. -- The data for this thesis come from a wide range of archival sources.  Lloyd’s Register of Shipping and St. John's ship registers were used to reconstruct the patterns of shipping and a profile of Scottish shipowners in the cod trade.  Newspapers, government correspondence, court records, vital statistics, wills and business records provided a rich store of information on the merchant community through the early nineteenth century.


identifier: Stenning, Alison J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stenning=3AAlison_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1980) Synoptic controls on Katabatic layer characteristics above a temperate alpine-type glacier: Peyto Glacier, Alberta.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Previous glacier microclimatological research has emphasized the need for further study of synoptic scale controls on boundary and katabatic layer development.  A better understanding of the influence of changing synoptic conditions on the characteristics of the near-glacier air layer should lead to more accurate prediction of the surface energy balance. -- A subjective ‘features of circulation’ type synoptic classification is proposed which is used to physically explain variations in wind, temperature and stability conditions in the near-surface layer.  Wind and temperature profiles were obtained during the summer of 1979 at a site on the tongue of Peyto Glacier, Alberta. -- The katabatic layer was found to be most strongly developed under anticyclonic conditions, with frequent occurrence of a low level wind velocity maximum and associated thermocline.  These conditions favoured steady down-glacier flow, strong surface-based temperature inversions and high stability.  A weak positive correlation was found between the katabatic wind velocity and surface inversion strength.  Diurnal variation in surface inversion strength was most pronounced under anticyclonic influence. -- Cyclonic synoptic conditions were found to result in considerable disturbance of the near-surface air layer, resulting in weaker inversions, lower stability and more variable low-level wind direction.  Deviations in the direction of the surface wind were strongly influence by the direction of 700 mb flow.  The geostrophic wind direction also affected near-surface temperature and stability conditions.  A down-glacier flow, reinforcing the katabatic wind was associated with greater stability and inversion strength.  A geostrophic wind directed perpendicular to the glacier fall-line caused considerable disturbance of wind and temperature conditions in the near-glacier air layer.  The katabatic force was found to exceed the synoptic scale pressure gradient force under all synoptic conditions encountered, and to be greatest under anticyclonic conditions. -- Local microclimatological studies emphasized the importance of differences in elevation, slope, aspect and proximity to ice-free areas.  Greatest contrasts in temperature and wind conditions occurred under anticyclonic conditions.  Turbulence in marginal ice areas may prevent the formation of a recognizable katabatic layer.  Significant changes in radiation receipt around sunrise and sunset were found to result in modification of near-surface conditions.


identifier: Robertson, Alexander <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Robertson=3AAlexander=3A=3A.html>   (1984) Tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) as a biological indicator of wind.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A major obstacle to validation of climatic models involving estimates of wind is the technical and economic constraints which preclude effective and efficient measurement of wind over complex terrain, especially over forested terrain. -- This thesis examines tamarack as a biological indicator of wind as an alternative method of estimating the spatial variation of mean wind speed and direction in complex, forested terrain. The deformation of tamarack, including crown deformation and tree-ring asymmetry, was calibrated against the mean wind speed and direction at seven meteorological stations across Newfoundland. The indices were tested in a biological wind survey of the Black Mountain area, Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. The results show that tree deformation is caused primarily by summer southwesterlies. A crown deformation ratio, D'r, adapted to tamarack, was found to be a reliable indicator of wind in complex terrain. A compression index, C₁, describing tree-ring asymmetry, gave a reasonably good estimate of wind on level terrain but was not reliable for estimating wind in complex terrain.


identifier: Barnes, Jeffrey Leslie <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Barnes=3AJeffrey_Leslie=3A=3A.html>   (1984) The hydroclimatological characteristics of a peatland-dominated catchment in southeastern Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Little is known about the hydrology of peatland in Newfoundland despite the extensive tracts of peatland found there. This thesis attemtps to characterize the hydroclimatology of the Old Sams River (2.55 km²), a small peatland-dominated catchment on the southern Avalon Peninsula. -- Detailed hydrometeorological investigations were carried out through a 76-day study period to monitor the transition from wet to dry hydrometeorological conditions typically experienced in spring and summer. The study undertakes a comparative analysis of these data with those of two gauged catchments also located on the Avalon Peninsula, Northwest Brook (53.3 km²) and Northeast Pond River (3.63 km²), both of which have much less peatland. -- Evaluation of the seasonal hydroclimatological representativeness of the study period demonstrates that all three catchments experienced a range of hydrometeorological conditions, undergoing a transition from warmer and wetter than normal conditions to much drier than normal conditions.  -- The analyses demonstrate that in comparison with that experienced at the other two catchments, under the drier than normal conditions in the latter part of the study period, the Old Sams River gradually released moisture which  was stored in its peatlands. However, the hydroclimatology of the Old Sams River catchment is such that its peatlands seldom become sufficiently dry to enable them to act as a regulator of streamflow in this way. Under normal conditions, high water table persists year-round, causing the hydrologically-active layer to encourage rapid, spate-like streamflow response to precipitation. The hydroclimatological conditions at Old Sams River differ from those observed for other peatlands reported in the literature, where runoff can often cease for long periods under dry summer conditions. -- The importance of the hydrologically active layer in the generation of runoff was demonstrated by the frequent occurrence of depressions in the recession phase of the hydrograph at Old Sams River. These appear to be directly related to the diurnal pattern in the meteorological parameters responsible for evapotranspiration. These evapotranspiration-induced depressions in the hydrograph resulted in a rapid decrease in discharge to a mid-day value between 60.5% and 91.7% of the previous overnight discharge, and was.55.1% to 96.7% of the overnight recovery discharge. -- (KEYWORDS: peatland; blanket bog; hydrology; hydroclimatology; hydrometeorology; evapotranspiration; Newfoundland).


identifier: MacCallum, Ian Malcolm <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacCallum=3AIan_Malcolm=3A=3A.html>   (1981) The sources of variation in storm runoff quantity and quality in the partially urbanized Leary's Brook basin, St. John's, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The known variation of water quality during storm runoff makes infrequent sampling unreliable.  Though the variation of water quality from non-point source urban areas can be determined with frequent sampling, the extent of change due to the urbanization has been infrequently determined.  Mixing of urban storm runoff with water from other source areas may be deleterious because of high yield rates of dissolved and suspended solids.  The sampling programme of this research was designed for frequent sampling of three different urban and two non-urban sub-catchments and the outlet of Leary's Brook in St. John's, Newfoundland.  Suburban residential, commercial/industrial, parking lot, rural and forested sub-catchments were sampled rotationally by hand on an hourly schedule for sixteen hours during the storm runoff period of November 13-14, 1979, and the outlet was automatically sampled hourly over 24 hours for the same rainfall event.  Sampling of all sites for the same storm allowed comparison between the contributions in quantity and quality of storm runoff for the five land use types and the basin as a whole for effectively the same precipitation and antecedent moisture conditions.  Temperature and conductivity of hand collected samples were determined in the field.  Discharge was measured by stage and later calculated by the Manning equation or by rating with current meter measurements.  Laboratory analysis was also carried out on all samples using spectro-photometric techniques for pH, turbidity, phosphate and nitrates.  The response of Leary's Brook basin to the November 13-14 storm was dominated by the non-urbanized portions of the basin; although the urban high fast response in water, solute and suspended sediment yield rates produced a considerable short term effect on the outlet.  The overall response of the basin was an aggregate of the urban and non-urban components.  Although the outlet solute and sediment yield rates were considerably larger than those of the forested area, the outlet yield rates were not as high as many other urbanized areas.  Parking lot runoff demonstrated that not all urban land use causes runoff deterioration.  Planning and management may ameliorate urban runoff effects.  This study demonstrated a variation in outlet response to non-uniform flood generation controlled by land use rather than precipitation distribution.  Hourly rotational sampling proved useful for single storm sampling of five sites, but more frequent sampling of urban runoff would be an improvement.  Dry weather sampling of 35 sites in the basin showed the choice of the representative sub-catchments to be reliable.


identifier: McCullough, Philippa Mary <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McCullough=3APhilippa_Mary=3A=3A.html>   (1984) The spatial and temporal variation of acidic precipitation in Newfoundland: from source to receptor.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In 1981 between the months of July and December precipitation event samples were s collected at the sites of  St. John's, Cape Broyle, Bishop's Falls, Grand Lake, Norris Point, Salmon Dam and Godaleich Pond on the island of Newfoundland in order to determine the acidity of precipitation on the island. -- The samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride,  sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Those samples which were obviously contaminated were discarded which left 60 samples in total. For these accompanying meteorological conditions were determined, namely weather type (i.e. history of the appropriate low pressure track), trajectory sector (from determination of 850 mbar. back-trajectories), antecedent rainfall duration, rainfall total and rainfall intensity. The combination of rainfall totals and precipitation chemistry results enabled the calculation of deposition values of SO⁼₄, NO⁻₃ and H⁺ --factors considered most important with respect to precipitation acidity. From these results the influence of meteorological variables was determined from subjective and objective analyses in the form of basic and multiple correlation. -- Although in a study of precipitation chemistry variability this sampling period was too short to negate the effects of natural variability, certain patterns did emerge which appear to result from the influence of specific variables. Antecedent rainfall duration, weather type and trajectory sector were the most influential variables on precipitation chemistry, although it is difficult to separate them since they are interdependent to a large extent. The most acidic events both in chemical concentration and total deposition of SO⁼₄, NO⁻₃ and H⁺ were associated with lows that had arrived over the island via Labrador and Quebec. Trajectory Sector 2, which includes high emission areas north of the Great Lakes contained the most acidic events with respect to concentrations (SO⁼₄ 1.66 mg.1⁻¹, NO⁻₃ 0.66 mg.1⁻¹, pH 4.55). However, Sectors 4 (41.6% H⁺) and 3 (31.3% H⁺) respectively, produced the highest overall deposition values due to the frequency of trajectories from those sectors. -- Other possible factors influencing precipitation chemistry were site location with respect to local pollution at St. John's, variations in total rainfall receipt (affecting dilution of pollutants) and induced orographic precipitation. In addition, seasonal variations for example summer anticyclonic conditions being most conducive to pollutant accumulation and spring being the season of least precipitation and therefore least dilution. It was not possible to determine if precipitation in Newfoundland is becoming more acidic due to the lack of long-term precipitation records. In fact, CANSAP data from 1977-81 indicate that 1981 concentration values of SO⁼₄ and NO⁻₃ may be lower than usual due to higher precipitation totals.


identifier: Sigursveinsson, Sigurdur <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sigursveinsson=3ASigurdur=3A=3A.html>   (1983) The utilization of bogs for grassland farming : a comparative study of resource development in Newfoundland and Iceland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The two North Atlantic islands, Newfoundland and Iceland, have many parallels one of which is the abundance of boglands.  In Iceland they play an important role in a flourishing grassland industry while in Newfoundland bogs have generally been considered wasteland.  An examination of these contrasts forms the focus of this thesis.  More specifically its objectives are: -- i.  to examine efforts that have been made to establish bogland farming in Newfoundland, -- ii.  to determine the most suitable target(s) for a renewed bogland  programme, and -- iii.  to examine the potential use of technology and experience from Iceland in such a programme. -- The methods used in the study include structured, face-to-face interviews with government officials and farmers, both in Iceland and Newfoundland; a mailed questionnaire to agricultural representatives in all agricultural regions in Iceland; and correspondence with bogland scientists in selected countries. -- In this study bogland farming is treated as an agricultural innovation, the adoption of which was not successful in Newfoundland in the past.  A modified innovative decision process model is used as the framework within which the data collected is analysed. -- The study reveals that machinery problems were the main reason for the failure of the bogland programme of the 1960's in Newfoundland.  Because of the overriding emphasis on keeping reclamation costs low, drainage intensity was minimized which in turn led to severe flotation problems with ordinary farm machinery.  Furthermore, follow-up of the projects by the agricultural authorities was inadequate, and some of the farmers concerned never put any effort in making use of the reclaimed bogs. -- In Iceland the bogs have different physical characteristics due to recent volcanism, and traditionally they have been important as a fodder resource.  However, for climatic reasons intensive drainage is required for successful grassland bog farming.  For that purpose a special “tunnel drainage" concept has been developed, which combines efficiency, durability, and low costs.  Similar technology has been used in Ireland, and it is suggested that tunnel drains be employed in a renewed bogland programme in Newfoundland, which, for a number of reasons, should be focused on provision of fodder for the dairy industry particularly in the St. John's region.


identifier: Koh, Ngiap-Puoy <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Koh=3ANgiap-Puoy=3A=3A.html>   (1990) Modelling retail system dynamics : an application to the system of major retail centres in the St. John's metropolitan area, 1960-1980.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A dynamic retail simulation model is applied to the St. John's metropolitan system of major retail centres for the period 1960-1980.  The original model describing spatial competition among retail centres is modified in this study to incorporate a description of retailers' decision making behaviour and to account for planning constraints on retail centre growth.  Time series data on size of major retail centres is calculated from municipal assessment records and used to calibrate the model.  Simulation results from the calibrated model capture the pattern of retail system development in St. John's in terms of both relative centre sizes and the behaviour of individual centre trajectories.  It was found that there was no need to calibrate parameters corresponding to individual centres, which strongly suggests that the model is robust and thus potentially useful as a planning tool.


identifier: Chen, Xiao Hong <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chen=3AXiao_Hong=3A=3A.html>   (1993) Spatial and temporal variability of inshore cod landings in Labrador and Eastern Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Newfoundland northern cod inshore fishery has been of great importance to both the Newfoundland economy and thousands of inshore fishermen. This fishery is associated with both spatial and temporal variations in landings. Various studies have been conducted to examine the relationships between landings and biological and oceanographical factors. However, these studies analyzed the  relationships at an annual scale. Temporal and spatial variations in landings within a fishing season and among different geographical areas have not been formally investigated. No attempt has been made to forecast inshore cod landings thus far. This study, using the 1974-1991 data,  examined the spatial and temporal variability and the relationships between temperature and the landing patterns in the inshore trap and gillnet fisheries. Several parametric and nonparametric forecast models of inshore landings were constructed and tested. Area, year and week effects and their interaction effects on inshore landings were identified and examined using ANOVA. Annual variation of the weekly landing patterns was found to be significantly  influenced by water temperature. Significant spatial variation in weekly landing patterns was also found, probably due to the spatial difference of water temperature.  Based on the jackknifed prediction sums of squares, probability density function (PDF) forecast models were shown to have some utility in forecasting inshore landings, particularly with respect to the inshore gillnet fishery.


identifier: Dowsley, Barbara J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dowsley=3ABarbara_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1988) The effect of climate on the growth of Salix species in an experimental energy plantation environment.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The spatially diverse and often unsettled nature of the summer weather of insular Newfoundland suggests that the influence of climate on biomass production should be taken into consideration when examining potential sites for wood energy plantations.  The growth of shoot height and base diameter of three willow (Salix) species in an experimental energy plantation environment at Pasadena, Newfoundland (49°01’N latitude, 57° 36'W longitude) was examined during the 1985 growing season.  S.viminalis (clone number 0683, Sweden) was found to be the most successful clone, achieving a final mean shoot height of 209 cm and a final mean shoot base diameter of 1.49 cm.  Salix purpurea (clone number 077, Sweden) and S.alba (clone number 5023, Romania) shoots attained final mean heights of 183 cm and 180 cm respectively, and final mean base diameters of 1.07 cm and 1.44 cm respectively.  The three species were significantly different in their final mean height and base diameter attainment. -- The height and base diameter of S.viminalis, S.purpurea and S.alba clones was recorded on a weekly basis between June 10 and October 7, 1985.  The seasonal pattern of shoot height and base diameter growth of S.viminalis and S.alba clones was effectively explained by second-order polynomial regression equations (multiple r² ≥ 98%).  The seasonal pattern of S.purpurea shoot height growth was also described by a quadratic equation whereas base diameter growth during the 1985 growing season was described by a cubic or third-order polynomial regression equation. -- Total shoot height of the three species was recorded daily between June 21 and August 14, 1985 and climatic variables at the experimental plantation site were monitored simultaneously.  Real and derived climatic variables recorded the current day and the previous day were tested for entry into multiple regression models with the daily shoot height increment change of each of the three species as the dependent variable.  Maximum air temperature and the hours of daylight of the current day accounted for 69%, 59% and 55% of the variance in daily height growth of S.purpurea, S.viminalis and S.alba shoots respectively.  Values of evapotranspiration determined for the previous day from measurements of net radiation and modeled values of the amount of water in the root zone, accounted for a further 10% and 3% of the variability in daily height growth of S.viminalis and S.purpurea shoots respectively. -- It is concluded from the results of this study that maximum biomass production of the three species examined will be realised at plantation sites where the climate of the growing season enables maximum photosynthetic efficiency via high inputs of solar energy and the avoidance of water deficit conditions.


identifier: Tucker, Christopher M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Tucker=3AChristopher_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1973) The glacial geomorphology of West-Central Newfoundland; Halls Bay to the Topsails.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: During the late Wisconsin glaciation, ice flow in west-central Newfoundland was to the north-northeast and northeast, sub-parallel to structural lineations.  Constructional forms at this stage included drumlins, drumlinoid forms and ribbed moraine. -- The coast of Halls Bay was deglaciated about 12,000 B.P. in a relatively short period during which glaciomarine deltas were formed at Springdale, Dock Point, White Point, Barney's Brook, West Pond, South Brook and Sugarloaf; the latter three being remnants of a continuous terrace.  Subsequent net isostatic and eustatic change positioned the deltas approximately 250 feet (75 meters) above present sea level. -- After the initial coastal stage of deglaciation, ice withdrew inland by stagnating in the valleys and lowlands leaving ridged ablation moraine and kettle topography. -- Ice receded in this manner to a plateau level 19 miles (30 kms.) from the coast, where a pause in retreat occurred.  During this stage a series of recessional moraines was built and a zone of eskers formed near Barney's Brook and southeast of Sheffield Hill.  Surficial crevasse fillings are also found within this zone.  A final, topographically controlled flow into the Kitty's Brook - Chain Lakes valley system followed by stagnation, resulted in the fabrication of a series of recessional-ablation moraines. -- Last ice in the field area was situated to the southwest of Gaff Topsail and is evidenced by an area of hummocky, disintegration moraine.


identifier: Brown, Howard Cecil <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Brown=3AHoward_Cecil=3A=3A.html>   (1985) The impact of modernization on a traditional regional system : the case of inner Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, 1911-1966.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Since the early twentieth century and particularly during World War II and in the post Confederation era Newfoundland has experienced the impact of the modernization process.  Increased urbanization, a more diversified economy, and a vast improvement in transportation and communication are among some of the major developments arising out of this process.  However its impact has not affected all regions of the province in the same way.  Growth has tended to occur primarily in traditional urban areas, in new towns created to exploit mineral and forest resources land/or in centers where changes in the transportation and communication network have presented additional employment opportunities. -- Some rural areas of Newfoundland have also benefitted by the modernization of the fishery.  Communities which have been able to attract modern year round fresh fish filleting and freezing facilities and the large modern trawlers and draggers to supply the facility have grown.  So too have some communities with a seasonally operated facility supplied by the inshore fishery.  However for the majority of the fishing settlements, which were established during the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century, when dried salted codfish was the main product, modernization in the fishing industry has had a negative impact.  Larger boats, equipped with marine engines and catching a variety of species have meant that it is no longer necessary for fishermen to reside in small isolated communities.  Moreover as the traditional dried salted cod industry declined, and emphasis was focused on the fresh frozen fish industry, access to the modern plant capable of processing many species became more crucial, and both the transportation and communication linkages took on an increased importance.  Just as the modern fish processing facilities had evolved in communities with a locational advantage, so too have health care, educational and social facilities.  As a result many small traditional marine resource based communities increasingly found themselves at both an economic and social disadvantage. -- This thesis is an attempt to look at the impact of the modernization process on a traditional fishing region, Inner Placentia Bay on Newfoundland's south coast, during the period 1911 - 1966.  The method chosen was the historic - geographic technique of examining an area through successive cross sectional analysis in time.  By using census and related material it is possible to explain and show how the region's marine and other resources were originally utilized and how these traditional patterns were affected by changing economic and marketing conditions and by improvements in fishing technology.  The thesis concludes by examining the region’s response to the broader modernization process that was occurring in Newfoundland, particularly for the period 1939 - 1966.


identifier: Remiggi, Frank William <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Remiggi=3AFrank_William=3A=3A.html>   (1975) Persistence of ethnicity : a study of social and spatial boundaries on the eastern lower north shore, 1820-1970.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The study is concerned with the settlement history and social geography of the five eastern-most settlements of the Lover North Shore of Quebec.  It focuses primarily on the social, spatial, and demographic evolution of the ethnic communities, including Francophone Catholics, Anglophone Catholics, and Anglophone Anglicans, which have been established there since the 1820s.  The changing nature of the social and spatial boundaries which characterize inter-ethnic group relations on the Shore is examined, through analysis of the shifting roles of language and religion as the major criteria of ethnicity and ethnic group identity.  Special attention is paid to marriage as the principal mechanism through which the ethnic composition of the Lower Shore is altered. -- The recent work of Frederik Barth is appraised as a major advancement in the field of ethnicity and, as such, is subsequently deployed as the basic theoretical framework of the study.  Following the core analysis of the thesis, a concluding section reviews the concept of ethnicity as it pertains to the Lower North Shore, emphasizing the theme of persistence.  It is contended that a need exists for an interdisciplinary approach between geographers and other social scientists in the study of ethnicity and ethnic social and spatial boundaries.


identifier: Blackwood, Glenn <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Blackwood=3AGlenn=3A=3A.html>   (1996) Past and future goals and objectives in the allocation of the northern cod resource.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The collapse of the Northern cod stock and subsequent closure of the fishery in NAFO divisions 2J+3KL, is reflective of the worldwide crisis in fisheries management.  The uncertainty surrounding the future of this resource and the thousands of people dependent upon it has led to changes in the management process; however, the resource allocation issue has not been resolved and as in the past remains a major source of controversy. -- This study examines the allocations and catches of Northern cod during the 1977 to 1991 period.  This information is presented in the context of the stated goals and objectives for the allocation of the resource.  The study reveals that despite public statements and published documents of a priority access to the inshore sector, the greater part of the resource was allocated to other users such as the Canadian offshore fleet and foreign countries as part of Canada's bilateral agreements.  This failure to adhere to stated goals and objectives was largely owing to the overly optimistic resource projections of the late 1970s which projected a 350,000-400,000 mt. total allowable catch (TAC) by 1985 and estimated the inshore requirement to be approximately 230,000 mt..  These projections opened the door for new users and allowed for foreign allocations which led to a redistribution of the economic benefits of the Northern cod resource away from the traditional inshore sector which was to have been the principal beneficiary of the 200 mile limit.  This euphoric phase of the late 1970s was followed by a period of uncertainty during the 1980s, fuelled by the repeated failure of the inshore fishery to harvest its allocation of 115,000 mt.  The crisis phase began in 1989 when scientists recommended dramatic reductions in the total allowable catch.  Unfortunately this advice was not taken by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans and the TACs were set at more than twice the advised level until the stock collapsed in 1992. -- The stated goals and objectives of priority for the inshore sector were never achieved and by 1986 the inshore fishery accounted for only 26% of the total catch.  Now that the fishery is closed there are a number of reports that restate the priority allocation to the inshore sector and recommend that when the fishery reopens the first 100,000 mt. of catch be allocated exclusively to the inshore fishery.  It remains to be seen if these goals and objectives will be the cornerstone of future allocation and management or like those of the late 1970s and early 1980s will be neither adhered to nor attained.


identifier: Oliver, Elizabeth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Oliver=3AElizabeth=3A=3A.html>   (1983) The rebuilding of the city of St. John's after the Great Fire of 1892 : a study in urban morphogenesis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A city's present forms and patterns of land tenure and of relative locations are among the most important of the influences on its continuing development.  The constraining influence of some of these forms and patterns can be seen to be so great that they affect even the rebuilding of a city partially destroyed by a major catastrophe. -- “Great Fires"  were typically nineteenth century events, common to many North American, and other cities.  In St. John's, Newfoundland, the last occurred in 1892.  It is around this city and this Fire that the work of this thesis is centred.  However, the city and its circumstances are examined not with the intention of providing only an historical geography of late nineteenth century St. John's, but with one of utilizing the time and place as a laboratory for a study of influences which may be expected to be more or less universal. -- In order to do this, it was first necessary to describe the city as it was both before and after the Fire, and also to examine in more detail two small sub-areas of the city.  Only by placing St. John's and these areas in the context of their times was it possible to use a knowledge of them as the “initial” and “final" states from which the processes of development and redevelopment could be inferred. -- Data from two major sources, the city directories for 1890 and 1892, and the insurance atlases for 1880 and 1892 and for 1893 to 1911, along with that from one less useful source, the city tax rolls for the early 1890’s, were then used in a statistical analysis of the importance of certain influence upon the process of rebuilding. -- Most important of these influences was revealed to be the fragmentation of ownership:  streets with the most diffuse ownership of land tended to be those least completely rebuilt.  The type of ownership, on the other hand, was related to the extent households displaced by the Fire returned to their original streets.  Street patterns, and especially whether or not a particular street had been altered in the aftermath of the Fire, also affected redevelopment, as did the pre-Fire residential or commercial character of the street.


identifier: Stamp, Marie A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stamp=3AMarie_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1995) A translation of Barbara Frischmuth's Die Ferienfamilie with preface.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This paper elucidates the narrative technique of the contemporary Austrian writer, Barbara Frischmuth, in the context of what it means to her to be a woman and a writer. Through a brief biographical sketch and inferences drawn from the author's personal statements, Frischmuth's world view is shown to be essentially ironic. The literary analysis centres on the use of irony in narration, with particular emphasis on two short works: Die Ferienfamilie and Die Klosterschule. -- This analysis of Frischmuth's technique supports my suggestion that an effective reading of her work requires a willingness on the part of the reader  to accept ambiguity and uncertainty in the text itself. The author invites the reader to adopt a sceptical attitude to the text, to challenge and explore the possibilities of meaning inherent in the very language she employs.


identifier: Abbott, Robert <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Abbott=3ARobert=3A=3A.html>   (1988) Goethe's Faust in English : problems of poetic faithfulness.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study explores some of the main reasons why Goethe's Faust has not been satisfactorily translated into English, and concludes that an elusive but discernable quality of "poetic faithfulness” is largely absent from most English-language versions of the work.  This quality is defined and described at length in the introduction, with reference made both to the general background and the specific problems of Faust translation.  A middle section of six chapters, each one devoted to a short passage from one of six chosen scenes from Faust, gives examples of the passage from five major English translations and discusses the background of the passage, its specific translational difficulties, and the translators' success or failure in approaching fidelity to the original poetry.  Finally, the conclusion summarizes the various approaches to translating Faust, as well as the work of the chosen translators, and offers concluding remarks on the difficulties, shown in the quoted examples, of translating the work into English with a high degree of poetic faithfulness.


identifier: Glerum-Laurentius, Dicky <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Glerum-Laurentius=3ADicky=3A=3A.html>   (1960) A history of Dutch activity in the Newfoundland fish trade from about 1590 till about 1680.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: At the end of the sixteenth century the Dutch started trading in Newfoundland cod between the ports in western England and the markets in south-west Europe. In the early years of the seventeenth century they started trading and fishing at Newfoundland. After the example of the English, who even before 1585 used to bring their fish directly from Newfoundland to the markets in Europe, the Dutch bought cod in Newfoundland and carried it to the European markets. They  extended this trade gradually. And in the third and fourth decade of this century, they greatly threatened the English Newfoundland fish trade. One group of English merchants feared this threat and warned against it, but another group,  that of the West Country, needed the Dutch for carrying their fish. Neither the West Countrymen nor the Londoners had ships enough to carry it all. -- Three times during this  century the economic rivalry and tension between England and  Holland came to an explosion. During the first war only a number of bankers were taken by Dutch "capers" (privateers) on their way to Europe. However, during the second and third  war, warfare was brought over to Newfoundland by the Dutch. They wanted to damage the English fishery there in order to harm this part of the English economy. On the order of the States-General of October 1664, Admiral De Ruyter went to Newfoundland in 1665. A few of his captains raided Petty Harbour and Bay Bulls, and he went to St.John's himself. The  land was plundered, but nothing was set fire to in St.John's. This place was not defended by its governor or any of the inhabitants, although enough guns were available.  -- In spite of the damage done by the Dutch, and the loss of   ships and goods by the English, nothing was done for the defence of the fishery in Newfoundland. Therefore during the  third war, four Dutch ships were able to raid Ferryland without any difficulty. During the next few years also French Bankers were taken at Newfoundland. Then the Dutch lost interest in Newfoundland and appeared no longer on its shores.


identifier: McInnis, Peter S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McInnis=3APeter_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1987) Newfoundland labour and World War I: the emergence of the Newfoundland Industrial Workers' Association.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The story of the  Newfoundland Industrial Workers' Association (NIWA) is one which has largely been passed over in the writing of the island's labour history. Yet this organization figures prominently in the events which helped shape the labour-capital relationship during the World War I  years. As the Canadian and international record will testify, these years were critically important to the development of modern working-class organizations, while maintaining a direct link to the previous struggles of an earlier era. Centred in St. John's, but exerting an Island-wide influence, the NIWA arose out of a pressing need for working people to confront the economic and political realities of their class in a manner intended to redress the subservient and exploitive circumstances to which they were subjected. This thesis examines the NIWA in terms of its structure, membership, and mandate and attempts to place this movement into the larger context of the international labour revolt of 1917 to 1920. In doing so, it argues that class formation, development, and conflict is central to history.


identifier: Webb, Jeff A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Webb=3AJeff_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1987) Newfoundland's National Convention, 1946-48.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: On 11 December 1945 the British government announced that a representative body of Newfoundlanders would be elected to debate Newfoundland's political future, and make recommendations as to the constitutional options that would be placed before the people in a national referendum. This National Convention sat between September 1946 and January 1948. It prepared reports on aspects of the Newfoundland economy and society, and debated various constitutional options. Shortly after the Convention assembled it split into two factions on the confederation issue, and the investigative role was subsumed by partisan fighting. The responsible government faction sent a delegation to London in an attempt to ensure continued British aid under responsible government. The confederates, for their part, sent a delegation to Ottawa, and succeeded in negotiating terms of union. When the Convention met in the fall of 1947 the responsible government faction made their case based upon the Convention's finance committee report. The confederates based their case upon the data obtained in Ottawa, and took advantage of the broadcast of the proceedings to publicize the advantages of union. Eventually  the Convention recommended two options, responsible government and commission government, be placed on the ballot. The British rejected this recommendation, and included confederation as an option. -- On the basis of this  rejection many historians have concluded that the Convention  had little importance beyond giving J.R. Smallwood a platform from which to popularize confederation. This thesis  demonstrate that the National Convention had a crucial role in heightening awareness of the constitutional options, and influenced the outcome of the referendum. In fact, the Convention made confederation an option, and popularized it. As such, it was an indispensable part of the confederation debate, without which Canadian and British plans would have come to nought.


identifier: Little, Linda <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Little=3ALinda=3A=3A.html>   (1984) Plebeian collective action in Harbour Grace and Carbonear, Newfoundland, 1830-1840.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Newfoundland history has largely been written from the perspectives of the upper and middle classes:  thus the role of the working population has been minimized.  The exploitative relationships which existed within the fishery have received some attention but the resistance to that exploitation has been ignored by historians, giving a false impression of passivity and compliance among the populace.  Plebeian actions have been glossed over or ignored despite evidence pointing to frequent instances of collective resistance. -- This thesis is a case study of the towns of Harbour Grace and Carbonear over the years 1830 to 1840.  The instances of collective plebeian action which occurred during this decade are chronicled and analysed, not as isolated incidents in the history of the towns, but as a series of events in a continuing tradition of resistance.  The sources illustrate that Newfoundland's fishing population was not the passive, easily dominated mass which has often been portrayed, but rather, an active, dynamic force.  The plebeians were able to influence their environment through their own actions, by their own means, and according to their own standards. -- This thesis is an examination of social divisions and social cohesion in Harbour Grace and Carbonear.  Drawing on a long tradition of plebeian resistance in the home countries of England and Ireland, the ‘lower orders' acted together to preserve or establish the rights of their religions, ethnic, political, or local group.  On occasion, these limited social alliances could be overcome and people acted together in their class interest.


identifier: Fizzard, Garfield <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Fizzard=3AGarfield=3A=3A.html>   (1963) The amalgamated assembly of Newfoundland, 1841-1847.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: By the end of the 1830's, Newfoundland's legislature was in trouble.  As in most of the British colonies with "representative government", the nominated council and the elected assembly were so much in conflict that the functioning of the executive was being hindered. -- In 1842 Lord Stanley, the British Colonial Secretary, and Sir John Harvey, the Governor, decided that the council-assembly conflicts might best be eliminated if there was created a unicameral legislature.  The system - known in Newfoundland as the "amalgamated legislature" - was established by an act of the British Parliament to continue until September 1, 1846, unless Parliament prolonged it.  Under the system, the legislature functioned without the frequent impasses that had harassed its predecessor, for each bill was now subject to a majority vote in a single chamber.  In addition, Harvey often intervened to prevent obstructive tactics by certain members; in many cases he encouraged the withdrawal of bills that were arousing bitter party antagonisms.  In spite of its relative success, both political parties disliked the system.  The Liberals, while in the majority among elected members, constituted the minority in the full assembly, and suffered many defeats.  The Conservatives, on the other hand, had such a small margin that an absence or an abstention could result in failure for them. -- The Liberals began to accept "responsible government" (to a bicameral legislature) as their political aim.  At the same time, they were ready to accept a return of their former constitution as an immediate alternative.  The Conservatives, too, were ready to accept the old bicameral legislature.  As the majority in the council undoubtedly would be Conservatives, they would be able to veto any legislation passed in an assembly dominated by Liberals. -- In deciding whether to continue the amalgamated system or to change it, the officials in Westminister in 1846 were guided by Governor Harvey.  Although he was convinced that the existing constitution had some advantages, he was aware that it had few, if any, supporters among the colonists, and recommended that it be replaced by the old bicameral system.  This the British Parliament did in 1847 after extending the amalgamated system for one year.


identifier: Armour, J. S. S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Armour=3AJ=2E_S=2E_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1988) Religious dissent in St. John's, 1775-1815.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Between the years 1775-1815, there existed in the chief harbour of Newfoundland a religious society called the Dissenting Church of Christ at St. John's.  Although dissent in Newfoundland history has usually meant those of the Wesleyan or Methodist persuasion, the congregation at St. John's founded by John Jones, a sergeant of the Royal Artillery, in the summer of 1775, belonged to an older dissent, known as Independent or Congregational.  What was somewhat unique about this congregation was the fact that, in an age when dissenters (to use the terminology of eighteenth century England) were divided, bitterly in many cases, between Presbyterian, Congregational, Baptist, and Methodist, all the dissenters of St. John's worshipped together in the same meeting house during the years under study.  After an initial period of persecution, the dissenters of St. John's won the right to worship and perform the sacraments from a reluctant governor, well in advance of Governor Campbell's proclamation of religious liberty in 1785.  The subject is examined against the background of dissent, in England and New England, with a comparison of events in Nova Scotia, as well as the many social changes taking place in St. John's during these years of war.  The question of the number of dissenters in Newfoundland before the founding of the congregation in 1775 is also explored.  Besides the principal events in the life of the congregation, its struggle for legal recognition, the building of the meeting houses in 1777 and 1789, and the six short ministries that followed the death of John Jones in 1800; the relations between the other two churches in St. John's, the Church of England mission founded 1699 and the Roman Catholic chapel founded in 1785, are considered.  More particularly, the cause of Methodism, which was to outdistance and overshadow older dissent in Newfoundland as it did in every part of the English speaking world, is examined in depth.  The history of dissent of St. John's cannot be understood without reference to the meeting house at Poole, Dorsetshire, and the person of Samuel Greatheed.  The link which was first thought to be of the Fishery turned out to be of the Faith.


identifier: Henkenhaf, Heidi Jane <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Henkenhaf=3AHeidi_Jane=3A=3A.html>   (1994) Women in the Canadian federal civil service during World War II.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines the economic, social and political aspects of the lives of women working for the civil service in Ottawa during World War II.  Economically, women found it necessary to travel across the country to pursue work in the civil service in Ottawa.  These women acquired the skills the government was advertising it needed and applied for positions.  They were willing to go wherever there were jobs even though the jobs they were offered were most often in the lowest civil service levels.  Socially, most of these women were forced to leave familiar surroundings, family and friends to move to Ottawa.  They were required to start a new life independent of their support systems and supervision.  Politically, the women of the civil service became active in the employee associations of the time.  Despite the temporary nature of civil service jobs for women, some became active in improving the lot of female civil servants.  Many opportunities for women in the civil service during World War II were for the duration of the war and did not continue in post-war Canada but the skills, experiences and independence that these women acquired remained with them.  This thesis relies heavily on oral histories.  Other sources include government documents, government employee organization records, and relevant secondary literature.


identifier: Forestell, Nancy M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Forestell=3ANancy_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1987) Women's paid labour in St. John's between the two world wars.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Between the two world wars, women maintained a prominent position in the St. John's work force.  Despite poor economic conditions, women's participation rate increased during the period.  Job options for women were limited, however, because they were concentrated in a relatively small number of “female occupations.”  Women were relegated primarily to positions as saleswomen, typists, garment workers, and domestic servants.  This last occupation alone accounted for over a third of the female labour force.  Domestic service attracted large numbers of outport women who arrived in St. John's annually seeking wage employment.  The actual pattern of women’s paid work did not change substantially over these decades.  The female labour force in St. John's was overwhelmingly young and single this entire time.  Wage employment for women in this city, as for those elsewhere, bridged the gap between school and marriage.  Class background was also a determining factor, along with age and marital status, in women's entry into the labour force.  Working-class women were far more likely to work than middle-class women, primarily because of the necessity for them to contribute to the household economy.  The much smaller number of married and widowed women who engaged in wage labour rarely did so full time.  They often chose occupations which allowed them to carry out their paid labour as well as domestic duties.  During the inter-war years, working women in St. John’s experienced two waves of union organization.  At the end of the 1930's, a large number of female wage-earners sought to improve working conditions and to achieve higher wages through their involvement in unions.  Despite formidable barriers, working women made a significant contribution to the city's labour movement.


identifier: Porter, Vincent Rendell <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Porter=3AVincent_Rendell=3A=3A.html>   (1981) The English-Canadian labour press and the Great War.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Great War of 1914-18 not only caused unsurpassed death and destruction, but also provoked considerable social change.  The English-Canadian labour press commented widely and vigorously on both the causes of the conflict and its effects. -- The research for this thesis involved a thorough examination of six important Canadian labour papers for the period 1914-1919.  These were the Canadian Labor Leader, the Voice, the Labor News, the Western Clarion, Industrial Banner and the BC Federationist.  Some smaller, and less significant papers such as the Brandon Confederate, were also briefly perused. -- As the War wore on, the papers developed an intense conviction that great social change was in the offing, and that it would bring the workingman greater freedom and significant economic gains.  The thesis suggests that when the immediate post-War era offered only high prices and equally high unemployment rates, the labour press, and the people for whom it spoke, felt betrayed and angry.  It was this sense of betrayal that contributed significantly to the industrial unrest of 1919.


identifier: Senior, Elinor Kyte <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Senior=3AElinor_Kyte=3A=3A.html>   (1959) The origin and political activities of the Orange Order in Newfoundland 1863-1890.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The object of this study is to give an account of the origin of the Orange Order in Newfoundland in 1863, to investigate the activities of the Orange Lodges in the political life of the colony from 1863 to 1890, to estimate their influence, and more specifically, to examine the charge that the lodges were promoted in Newfoundland as an agency through which the supporters of the colony's union with Canada might work. -- In a colony such as Newfoundland where the population was divided almost equally between Irish Roman Catholics and Protestants, where sectarian squabbles were prone to accompany election campaigns, and where political distinctions often coincided with religious distinctions, Orangeism was bound to find a welcome.  With its two-fold ideology of ultra Protestantism and loyalty to the British Crown, Orangeism could appeal to those who sought to maintain or strengthen the ties with England, and, when the occasion demanded it, the Order could rally Protestants of all persuasions against any encroachments upon what were considered Protestant rights. -- The need for some agency through which Protestants could be organized politically had been long felt.  Outport Protestants of various denominations often tended to be as suspicious towards one another as towards Roman Catholics.  Quarrels over schools, teachers, and educational grants kept Wesleyan and Church of England members at odds.  The Liberal party had a strong auxiliary in the Benevolent Irish Society of St. John's through which the Roman Catholic vote could be organized, but the Tory machine lacked a counterpart until the Orange Lodges were organized. -- Not only in the political field did the Orange Lodges fill a gap.  In an age when hunger, sickness, fire, and death struck frequently and suddenly, the hapless fishermen often had no place to turn for help.  The Orange Order, with its sickness and death benefits, aid to needy brethren, mortality fees to widows, and other welfare services, was able to supply a degree of security in these emergencies. -- As an agency to promote Newfoundland's union with Canada, the Orange Order was not a success in the 19th century.  Although some of the Orange leaders undoubtedly hoped to use the lodges for this purpose, the rank and file Orangeman, like his Roman Catholic neighbour, remained cool towards any proposals designed to unite Newfoundland with Canada.


identifier: O'Brien, Patricia Ruth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/O=27Brien=3APatricia_Ruth=3A=3A.html>   (1981) The Newfoundland Patriotic Association: the administration of the war effort, 1914-1918.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: When war broke out in 1914, Newfoundland was totally unprepared.  But the government was required to make some response, and in order to raise a volunteer force of 500 men a Patriotic Committee was formed.  St. John’s-based, it consisted mainly of merchants, professionals and politicians of varying political and religious persuasions.  It was almost immediately renamed the Patriotic Association of Newfoundland, commonly known as the NPA, and because of its original success, particularly in the political arena, was gradually transformed into a full-fledged department of militia.  It remained in this quasi-official capacity until the summer of 1917 when mounting dissatisfaction over regimental affairs, insufficient recruits and the lack of government initiative came to a head.  Economic factors compounded these problems, and together they resulted in the establishment of a national government.  With its creation, the political threat to the war effort, previously contained by the NPA, receded.  Thus the principal justification for the Patriotic Association disappeared and the way was cleared for a regular militia department.  Unexpectedly, with the removal of the NPA from the scene politics again came to the fore, and dominated the war effort for the first time since August 1914. -- Although private citizens through a variety of organizations and committees made an important contribution to the war effort elsewhere, the degree of control exercised by the NPA was unique.  Because its influence extended to every aspect of the war effort, a history of the Association becomes virtually a history of Newfoundland at war.


identifier: Baker, Melvin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Baker=3AMelvin=3A=3A.html>   (1975) The government of St. John's, Newfoundland, 1888-1902.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Newfoundland, in the nineteenth century, had a highly centralized political system which was best reflected in the municipal administration of its capital, St. John’s.  Until 1888, the colonial government had assumed direct responsibility for providing municipal services.  In 1888, this form of municipal control was modified as St. John's received limited incorporation with the government still retaining responsibility for some services.  It did not get full incorporation because the St. John’s elite, which controlled the colonial government, was opposed to the establishment of a municipal council that would be elected by a majority of citizens.  St. John's was thus given a Council that was partially responsible to both the government and the citizens. -- This particular form of municipal control was, in general, unsuccessful, as successive councils throughout the 1890’s were handicapped both by government interference and by insufficient revenue.  The former was most obvious after the 1892 Fire when the Whiteway Government took away from the Council--which was controlled by its opponents--its rebuilding authority, while in 1898 the Winter Government removed the seven councillors from office and replaced them with three of their own supporters.  In both instances, these actions were politically motivated.  Insufficient revenue was a serious impediment to Council’s ability to provide adequate services, while at the same time paying the annual interest on a civic debt which was doubled by the Whiteway Government after the 1892 Fire for rebuilding.  This debt was in 1898 greatly reduced and an all-elective municipal system in 1902, expressly to put the Council on a self-supporting basis and to free it from any direct political connection with the colonial government.


identifier: Wells, Elizabeth A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wells=3AElizabeth_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1966) The struggle for Responsible Government in Newfoundland, 1846-1855.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Newfoundland Liberals, because they lacked dynamic leadership when the Whigs were granting responsible government to the neighbouring colonies, had to wait until 1855 for their share of power and patronage.  The 1840’s in Newfoundland were a period of political apathy.  Under the amalgamated system Governor Harvey maintained harmony and weakened party ties by distributing patronage to both parties, a policy continued after the restoration of the bicameral system, by his successor, Sir Gaspard LeMarchant.  Thus, until 1850, the Liberals were lulled into silence by the inducements of office, and political calm prevailed. -- Eventually economic discontent gave rise to political excitement which, after 1850, centred around the question of responsible government.  By 1852 the Liberals were threatening to cut off supply, and denominational strife was as bitter as it had been in the 1830’s.  The reason for this renewal of politics was the rise to prominence of Philip Francis Little, a young Roman Catholic lawyer who entered politics in 1850 to find a few straggling reformers dissatisfied with the exclusive control of the local Conservative oligarchy.  Supported by Dr. Mullock, the outspoken Roman Catholic Bishop, Little quickly became the leader of a disciplined Liberal party, which refused to settle for anything less than responsible government. -- The population of the colony was almost equally divided into Protestants, who tended to support the Conservatives, and Roman Catholics, who supported the Liberals.  Protestant Conservatives, fearing the loss of their privileged position and the establishment of a permanent Roman Catholic oligarchy, opposed responsible government.  Roman Catholics, on the other hand, regarded it as a means of bettering their economic and social position.  The Conservatives, exploiting the sectarian issue, depicted the question solely as the struggle of Roman Catholics for power and patronage, whereas the Liberals saw themselves as the champions of the working classes, regardless of denomination. -- After the 1852 election, in which responsible government was the main issue, the Liberals held a majority of seats in the House of Assembly.  In 1853 Little led a delegation to London, which persuaded the Colonial Secretary, against the advice of Governor Hamilton, to concede responsible government.  Even then its introduction was delayed by the failure of the Liberal Assembly and the Conservative Council to agree on the fulfillment of certain preliminary conditions, by the Governor's refusal to mediate, and by the preoccupation of the British government with the Crimean situation.  The House of Assembly found it necessary to stop the supplies and to send Mr. Little across the Atlantic a second and a third time before they secured the removal of the obstructive Mr. Hamilton and his replacement by Charles Henry Darling, whose ability and tact made for a smooth transition to responsible government. -- Finally, after a Liberal victory at the polls in May, 1855, P.F. Little formed the first responsible government, and a Roman Catholic administration took office.


identifier: Nwokeji, G. Ugochukwu <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nwokeji=3AG=2E_Ugochukwu=3A=3A.html>   (1993) Colonialism in transition : shifting foundations of rule and collaboration in Nigeria, 1900-51.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines the circumstances which produced and sustained the colonial state in Nigeria in the period 1900-1951. It explains the manner and means by which various indigenous and expatriate groups confronted and accommodated  one another. It joins issues with the consensus amongst historians which holds that the participation of indigenous elements in colonial rule was a function of the state's want  of administrative and financial resources from Europe. It argues alternatively that their participation was essential - resources or not . Colonialism was thus not foreign rule per se but primnarily class domination. Up until the Second World War this domination was effected through a class alliance between the traditional elite and British expatriates. The post war years witnessed a transition to the alliance between the modernizing elite and expatriates. This thesis explains this transition. This analysis is made in the context cf the "collaborative nexus" (CN). This formulation refers to a set of relationships in which individuals and collectivities, African and European, interacted with the colonial state in a situation of co-operation and conflict based mainly on access to the means of production and surpluses.


identifier: Hewitt, Keith W. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hewitt=3AKeith_W=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1992) Exploring uncharted waters : government's role in the development of Newfoundland's cod, lobster and herring fisheries, 1888-1913.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Dependence upon a single-sector economy often leads to cycles of prosperity and despair. The society that developed  in Newfoundland based upon the exploitation of the fishery resource certainly reflects this description. Near the end of the nineteenth century a consensus evolved based upon an acknowledgement that the fishery in general was in danger. If the industry could not be sustained, the prospects for the four-fifths of the population that relied upon it for survival were bleak. Government demonstrated an awareness that unless changes were adopted, the day that it could no longer support the mass of the population might be perilously near. -- Faced with declining catches, increasing  competition in traditional markets, and an insufficient understanding of the scientific basis of the fishery, government in 1888 established a Commission of Inquiry. The centrepiece its report was a recommendation that Newfoundland establish a Fisheries Commission to study the fisheries and make recommendations for their improvement. When this proposal was accepted, the basis was laid for the creation of a formal Department of Fisheries in 1893. Equally important, by embracing this recommendation government was also tacitly accepting the principle that increased public intervention in the affairs of the private sector was acceptable. Once involved, government continued to take initiatives in this sector. The new Department was an important part of this new activism. It served as a medium to continue cod and lobster propagation initiated by the Commission; to expand and improve rules and regulations for the preservation of stocks and the production of a standard output; and to stimulate the production and export of herring. -- Though these initiatives were for the most part based on rational assumptions, not all achieved the level of success promised by their proponents. In part, these shortcomings can be attributed to a distinct preference to adopt models developed abroad rather than attempt to construct solutions suited to Newfoundland conditions. As well, government's desire to keep control of the fishery and its predilection to use fishery reforms for political purposes weakened the initiatives. Finally, a climate of mistrust between government, the Department, fishermen, merchants and exporters worked against the successful implementation of reform. -- The result was that at the outbreak of World War I, the fishery, despite a quarter-century of government attention, looked remarkably similar to its condition in 1888. Remaining overwhelmingly dependent upon the export of a single staple—dried cod—to the same markets that had been favoured for more than a century, the fishery still offered dubious prospects for those who depended upon it for their livelihoods.


identifier: Janes, Burton K. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Janes=3ABurton_K=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1991) Floods upon the dry ground : a history of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Newfoundland 1910-1939.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Pentecostal Assemblies of Newfoundland began in 1910 when 52-year old American Alice B. Garrigus, from a rural working class family, in response to what she perceived as a  divine call, opened a storefront mission, Bethesda, in downtown St. John's. Her movement remained a modest urban phenomenon until 1922, when it was introduced into Conception and, later, Placentia, Bays. The year 1925 marked  both the initiation of a west coast Pentecostal movement, begun by two laymen from Bethesda, and the formation of a denomination in eastern Newfoundland. (The western and eastern divisions later merged.) From the start, the sect-turned-church was fraught with inner dissension that stunted  its growth; during the Great Depression, however, its subsequent growth pattern, primarily in western and central Newfoundland, was established. My thesis is a historical analysis of the first three decades of Pentecostalism in Newfoundland and Labrador. The following are significant conclusions. The Pentecostal movement, like the Salvation Army before, initially appealed primarily to dissatisfied Methodists, especially to those from lower socioeconomic classes. Spreading to the rapidly changing industrial regions of western and central Newfoundland, it gained momentum. As the aging female founder receded into the background, the denominational leadership passed into the hands of younger male converts from Methodism; once the church was under indigenous leadership, it flourished and gained a firm foothold. The transition from a movement to a denomination was salutary, bringing with it cohesion.