identifier: Sheppard, G. L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sheppard=3AG=2E_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Natural mortality and movement of juvenile cod (Gadus spp.) inhabiting eelgrass (Zostera marina) in coastal Newfoundland waters.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The natural mortality of teleost populations is age-dependent - young, small-bodied individuals experience comparatively higher mortality rates than older, larger individuals. The use of structurally complex habitat, such as eelgrass (Zostera marina) and macroalgae, is believed to increase survival of early stages by providing protective cover from predators and increased food availability. However, few studies have actually quantified natural mortality rates for juvenile cod associated with nearshore habitat. I determined mortality rates for juvenile Greenland cod (Gadus ogac) and Atlantic cod (G. morhua) associated with eelgrass in the coastal zone of Newman Sound, Newfoundland. During Oct-Nov 2002, I fin-clipped 818 age-0 Greenland cod; an additional 1442 age-1 Atlantic cod were fin-clipped during June-July 2003. During Oct-Nov 2003, a further 765 age-0 Greenland cod were individually marked with visible implant alphanumeric (VIalpha™) tags. Re-sampling revealed that juvenile cod remained near the site of release, rarely venturing beyond a distance of a few hundred metres. For age-1 Atlantic cod in eelgrass habitat, the mortality rate was M = 0.068day⁻¹ (estimated using the Jolly-Seber method), which was significantly higher than that predicted (M = 0.010day⁻¹) using an age-dependent mortality model based on published cod mortality rates. High mortality rates may be attributed to high predation and other biotic and abiotic sources of mortality (i.e., starvation, environmental extremes). Juvenile cod mortality rates were high despite the availability of areas with complex structure; however, consistently low cod abundances in structurally simple habitats suggest such areas may be too risky to frequent for extended periods.


identifier: Sheppard, L. Bruce <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sheppard=3AL=2E_Bruce=3A=3A.html>   (1979) A comparison of acquired and retained student attitudes toward an individualized and a regular in-class instructional approach.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine students' attitudes toward individualized instruction as compared to their attitudes toward a regular in-class approach. -- Two grade nine history classes were randomly selected to serve as experimental and control groups. The experimental group of 35 students was exposed to individualized study for three weeks while the control group containing 25 students worked in class with the regular approach to instruction. Following the three week instruction period, the Dubelle Student Preference Report, From B, was administered as a posttest while Form A of the Dubelle Student Preference Report was administered as a delayed posttest after four weeks had elapsed. -- The data from both the posttest and delayed posttest subjected to chi square analysis which revealed that there were no significant differences in student attitudes between the individualized study group and the regular in-class group. The data indicated, however, that while there was a preference for regular in-class instruction expressed by the majority of students from both groups, the exposure to the individualized study approach did not cause a negative reaction toward individualized study. Indeed, there was an indication that individualized study students had a more positive attitude toward it than students exposed to regular in-class instruction.


identifier: Sheppard, Sarah Jacinta (Murray) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sheppard=3ASarah_Jacinta_=28Murray=29=3A=3A.html>   (1975) Some aspects of the life history and reproductive biology of Gerris remigis Say and Gerris buenoi Kirkaldy (Heteroptera) on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Specimens of Gerris remigis Say and Gerris buenoi Kirkaldy were studied in the field and laboratory. Life history, ovarian cycle and changes in weight were studied in the field or from field specimens while egg and nymphal development, reproductive diapause and winter inactivity were studied in the laboratory. -- Adults of both species emerged the first week of August 1974, entered obligatory reproductive diapause and inactivity in the fall and resumed activity in the spring. Copulation took place from April on, oviposition occurred for the first time 19. - 20. June in G. remigis and G. buenoi and a second time 28. - 29. June for G. buenoi. Nymphs of both species appeared 1. July 1974, and moulted five times in about 5 weeks in the field. -- Both species follow a yearly ovarian cycle. Rudiments appear and develop serially from posterior to anterior in each of 4 ovarioles in 2 ovaries. G. remigis develops 6 eggs per ovariole without a break while G. buenoi develops 3 per ovariole, ovulates and oviposits these and repeats the process. G. remigis starts ovarian development in the fall while G. buenoi starts in the spring. -- Changes in weight throughout the summer can be accounted for in part by changes in the ovarian cycle, appearance of new adults and, in late summer deposition of fat reserves. -- Exposure to 5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 20°C at 8 hours light to 16 hours dark (8L : 16D), 12L : 12D and 16L : 8D failed to break reproductive diapause or inactivity. -- Higher temperatures and longer photoperiods inhibited the limited amount of ovarian development that is carried out in the fall. None of the regimes had any effect on the ovaries of G. buenoi. The lower the temperature and the shorter the photoperiod the more of both species survived the regimes.


identifier: Shi, Chuantai <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shi=3AChuantai=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Fiber optic current sensor and its wireless sensing system.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.


identifier: Shi, Hui <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shi=3AHui=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Texture classification by pattern knowledge discovery.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Texture analysis has received a considerable amount of attention over the last few decades as it creates the basis of the most object recognition methods. Texture analysis mainly comprises texture classification, texture segmentation, and both of them require the important step: texture features extraction. Many approaches have been proposed either as spatial domain methods or frequency domain methods. Many texture features based on the spatial domain methods have been proposed as those methods are proven to be more superior. Texture can also be considered as a collection of patterns. Distances, directions and pixel gray-level values can determine the relationship among pixels within each pattern. Therefore, patterns are considered as the basis of textures and textures are considered to be different if they contain distinguished patterns. The procedure of pattern knowledge discovery has been started in order to find the distinctive texture patterns with gray-level deviations and distances deviations. An apriori algorithm with the joining step, cleaning step and pruning step has been introduced to find frequent patterns in order to generate higher order patterns which can be used to categorize textures. A large number of textures from the benchmark album of Brodatz have been applied and tested in the proposed method in order to prove the validity of this system and the performance is promising. The overall high accuracy shows the great encouragement from the testing procedure.


identifier: Shinkle, Martha Ann <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shinkle=3AMartha_Ann=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Eleutheria de Samuel Beckett: nouvelles perspectives sur une pièce manquée.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Ecrite en 1947, Eleutheria, Ia première pièce de théâtre de Samuel Beckett, est considérée un échec. Beckett lui-même semblait être du même avis, car il refusa avec fermeté de Ia faire publier pendant sa vie. Pourtant, Beckett donna les copies du manuscrit dactylographié à ceux qui voulaient  l’étudier. -- Les critiques ont condamné Eleutheria pour le manque de rapport entre res personnages et pour Ia nature incomprehénsible de Victor Krap, le personnage principal, de sorte que l'intérêt dramatique ne se produise. II s'agit de l'histoire du jeune homme, Victor, qui a quitté le foyer de ses parents depuis deux ans afin de rester seul dans sa chambre sordide pour rechercher sa liberté pour n’être rien. -- Ma thèse est que cette quête de Victor deviant compréhensible dans le contexte suggéré dans le texte de Ia société d'après-guerre. En outre, une structure unifiante se présente dans cette pièce qui renvoie non seulement à La Divina Commedia de Dante mais aussi à l'idéologie artistique de Beckett élaborée dans ses oeuvres critiques. Plusieurs éléments contribuent à cette structure: le tableau d'un monde vicieux développé dans le premier acte qui démontre des liens avec les événements de Ia Deuxieme Guerre Mondiale; une relation réciproque entre Victor et le Vitrier qui explore non seulement Ia difference entre l'artiste et l'artisan mais aussi le besoin d'abandonner l'ancien modèle réaliste pour un nouveau théâtre non-modeme; et finalement l'autoréférentialité de cette pièce contribue à une situation ou l'attente du  public pour un théâtre comprehensible et divertissant est contestée, et le role du théâtre dans Ia socieété deviant souvent le sujet de Ia pièce. -- Eleutheria est une pièce de théâtre beaucoup plus complexe qu'elle n'apparait à première we. Au lieu de denigrer Eleutheria en Ia comparant aux pièces ultérieures de Beckett, je crois qu'il faut l'explorer davantage comme occasion de regarder l’élaboration de Ia vision théâtrale de Beckett.


identifier: Short, Constance Elizabeth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Short=3AConstance_Elizabeth=3A=3A.html>   (2004) The reproductive physiology of witch flounder, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), or grey sole, as it is commonly known, is a member of the family Pleuronectidae (right eye flounders) and is found in the Northwest Atlantic near Hamilton Bank off southern Labrador, southward over Newfoundland banks, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Scotian Shelf, Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine, to Cape Lookout, NC. The witch flounder has become increasingly important commercially since the 1940's. There was heavy exploitation of witch flounder by foreign ships in the early 1970's but with the introduction of Canada's 200-mile limit in 1977, foreign fishing for the species was reduced and Canada's take increased. -- This study focused on the adaptation of wild witch flounder to captivity and the development of a captive broodstock. Areas of concentration focused on growth and maturation, with emphasis on the reproductive biology (pattern of oocyte development, endocrinology and gamete analysis) of the witch flounder. This information will be used to help determine whether the witch flounder is a good candidate as an aquaculture species. -- The reproductive cycle of both the male and female witch flounder is characterized by distinct seasonal variations and fluctuations in plasma sex steroids associated with reproductive activity. As seen in other teleosts, the circulating levels of sex steroids increased as gamete maturation and gonad growth proceed, reaching peak levels during spawning. -- Oocyte size-class frequency distributions of witch flounder demonstrate the presence of just a single clutch of progressively developing vitellogenic oocytes, indicating group-synchronous development, by far the most common reproductive strategy in teleosts. -- Male witch flounder produce low volumes of viscous milt and sperm is only available for five months of the year (April--August). This correlates with spawning events in the female witch flounder, with ovulated eggs from late June to late August.


identifier: Mello, L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Mello=3AL=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Seasonal biological cycles in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and implications for fisheries and management: a simulation approach with application to the Placentia Bay cod fishery (NAFO subdivision 3Ps).  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a demersal fish found across the North Atlantic Ocean in a variety of habitats from the shoreline to the continental shelf slope. Throughout its range of distribution, cod experience a great variety of biotic and abiotic conditions, particularly in relation to thermal and feeding regimes. Such variations affect life history characteristics such as growth, physiological condition, distribution and migration patterns at a variety of scales including decadal, annual and seasonal. In this study I investigate how these processes vary on a seasonal scale level and affect fisheries, stock assessment and management of cod from Placentia Bay, Newfoundland (Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Subdivision 3Ps). The results of this study show that cod have marked seasonal variability in traits such as weight, physiological condition, growth, distribution and aggregations patterns, in addition to the commercial yield and quality of fish products. These changes were related to changes in thermal and feeding regimes through the year, in addition to spawning, migration and intermixing of cod from different geographic regions. Cod ages 4-9 experienced a rapid increase in weight and condition during late spring and summer when capelin (Mallotus villosus) comprised an important component of the diet, despite of cold water temperatures and moderate to high spawning activity and peaked in the fall. Seasonal variations of biological cycles, distribution and mixing of different groups of cod resulted in large within-year variations in stock abundance, age and size composition, impacted fishing levels and harvest rates of putative stock components and affected precision of abundance index estimates. Simulation results suggest that stock performance and productivity are impacted by the way fishing mortality is distributed across age groups and that stock growth and catch yield are driven by the survival of younger fish and by allowing age diversity in the stock, which appears to facilitate good recruitment, particularly when abundance is high. The simulations show that a weight-based fishery in the fall when cod are heavier and in good physiological condition would harvest fewer fish and result in better yield and product quality. However, a fall fishery would concentrate exploitation on the resident component of the stock. The largest sustainable catches were observed in summer when the most abundant non-resident fish are found in the bay. Overall, the results and conclusions of this thesis suggest that seasonal biological patterns in cod may be used to develop fishing and management strategies that minimize the impact of harvesting on productivity while optimizing economic benefits and conservation of stock components. The results from this study are likely relevant to other cod stocks and perhaps to other species (e.g., invertebrates, marine mammals) as seasonality is a common feature of reproduction and growth of many temperate and high latitude aquatic species, which are normally synchronised with periods when organisms benefit from favourable thermal conditions and high forage status.


identifier: Silvesan, Daniela <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Silvesan=3ADaniela=3A=3A.html>   (2007) The spectrum of Skolem and hooked Skolem sequences with a prescribed number of pairs in common and applications.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Please see thesis for abstract.


identifier: Simons, BriAnna Justine <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Simons=3ABriAnna_Justine=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Is ignorance really bliss?: child welfare workers speak out about their understanding of best practice when working with children exposed to domestic violence.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The most recent Canadian Social Survey, completed in 2009, reports 6% of Canadians who responded have experienced spousal violence within the preceding 5 years (Statistics Canada, 2011). This research study focuses on child welfa re workers' understanding of best practice when working with children and their famil ies after a child has been exposed to domestic violence. A sample of ten social workers within the Nova Scotia child welfare system was selected and interviewed about their experiences working with children exposed to domestic violence. A grounded theory approach using a multi-stage coding process was used to analyze data. The theoretical findings indicate that in child welfare it is perceived that "Ignorance is Bliss". A personal and systematicdilemma faced by child welfare workers is revealed in determining what best practices are, the implications of services on outcomes, and ideas for change in addressing children 's exposure to domestic violence.


identifier: Sinclair, Julia M. E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sinclair=3AJulia_M=2E_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Reconsidering Ovid's Ides of March: a commentary on Fasti 3.697-710.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Anti-Augustan readings dominate the scholarship on Fasti 3.697–710. This thesis challenges these anti-Augustan readings with arguments for a pro-Augustan reading as a viable alternative in Ovid's mythopoetic conception of Caesar's assassination and deification. Chapter 1 contains a translation of Fasti 3.697–710 and a line-by-line commentary. This commentary addresses elements vital to understanding the passage, such as vocabulary, themes, literary conventions, and even punctuation. Chapter 2 reviews the scholarship on this passage and weighs the pro- and anti-Augustan elements, then concludes with a discussion of some ideological parallels between Ovid and Valerius Maximus regarding Julius Caesar's assassination and deification. Appendix I examines the parallel passage Metamorphoses 15.749–840 in relation to Fasti 3.697–710, discussing both similarities and differences. Appendix II reviews the references to Julius Caesar in Augustan poetry, including the Fasti.


identifier: Singh, Harpreet  <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Singh=3AHarpreet_=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Effect of pressure on the fast motions in ordered phase phospholipid bilayers.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Application of hydrostatic pressure to phospholipid bilayers increases acyl chain order and raises the main transition temperature. ²H NMR spectra and quadrupole echo decay times were obtained at ambient pressure and pressures of 85 MPa and 196.1 MPa for ordered phase bilayers of a zwitterionic phospholipid : 16:0-16:0 PC-d₆₂ (DPPC-d₆₂) and an anionic phospholipid : 16:0-16:0 PG-d₆₂ (DPPG-d₆₂). The extent to which deuterium magnetization following an RF pulse is refocused in the echo after a second pulse is limited by the motions that modulate the orientation-dependent quadrupole interaction. Quadrupole echo decay times were recorded for a temperature range of 60°C to -26°C for both lipids, at ambient pressure and pressures of 85 MPa and 196.1 MPa. The temperature dependences of the echo decay times at ambient pressure are similar for the two lipids. The echo decay times pass through a minimum at the main transition, as the correlation times of some motions change from short to intermediate on the NMR timescale. Upon further cooling in the gel phase, the echo decay time passes through a maximum before falling to a second minimum. This indicates the persistence of some fast motions into the ordered phases. At 196.1 MPa, both lipids undergo a transition to more ordered crystalline phases near 0°C. This is reflected as a plateau in the temperature dependence of quadrupole echo decay times at high pressure. The application of 85 MPa shifts the main transition but does not lower the low temperature minimum in the echo decay time. The behavior of DPPGd₆₂ at 85 MPa is qualitatively similar to that at higher pressure. The q-CPMG pulse sequence is used to separate the contribution of slow and fast motions to the echo decay rate. This work provides insight into how chain packing affects local motion.


identifier: Singh, Jatinder Pal <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Singh=3AJatinder_Pal=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Transdermal iontophoresis of terazosin: an experimental approach in the treatment of causalgia.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In causalgia (a sympathetic mediated pain syndrome), pain appears to be mediated by the upregulation of α₁ adrenergic receptors on the primary afferents of the peripheral nerves. – Considering the limitations of the existing treatment, it is postulated that an α₁ adrenoreceptor antagonist, terazosin, when delivered locally at a site distal to the nerve injury by transdermal iontophoresis will produce pain relief. Iontophoresis is a noninvasive and a rate controlled drug delivery system. – A sensitive analytical technique for terazosin (TRZ) in plasma was developed using a cyanopropyl solid phase extraction technique and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Analysis of spiked plasma samples indicated no significant differences (p > 0.05) in intra- and inter-day variation. The Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) procedure yielded a complete recovery of TRZ from plasma after an intraperitoneal dose in a rat model. – Results from in vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that the iontophoretic delivery of TRZ was significantly higher than the passive delivery (p < 0.05), and TRZ degradation was prevented by the incorporation of a salt-bridge in the electrode assembly. – It is widely regarded that iontophoresis of small molecular weight ionic compounds have similar pharmacokinetic profile to those administered parenterally. This implies that iontophoresis overcomes the rate limiting barrier (the stratum corneum) and the drug appears in blood immediately following delivery. However, in our studies, peak plasma concentration is reached in approximately 1.5 hours after a ten minute iontophoresis, suggesting a drug depot formation in the skin. The nature (bound/free form) and the exact site of reservoir formation is not yet known. It may be possible to take therapeutic advantage of such a reservoir effect to establish skin depot that is slowly absorbed over time.


identifier: Sircar, Shiladitya <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sircar=3AShiladitya=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Measuring lateral ground movement with synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry: technique and validation.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Research under the framework of natural hazards monitoring with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has gained eminence in the last 10 years with advances in satellite imaging systems. Ground movement is known to be a form of natural hazard, which threatens the integrity of buried infrastructure as either massive instantaneous movement or visually imperceptible, slow incremental movement over a long period. Both types of movement can lead to serious damage. InSAR techniques have been well investigated for measuring ground subsidence, the vertical component of ground movement. If it is incorrectly assumed that the lateral movement component is zero, subsidence movement derived from one satellite look direction will contain errors. The research presented here has resulted in the derivation of a technique by which both vertical and lateral ground movement components can be estimated. Adopting the suggested technique for routine InSAR analysis in certain instances will provide the ability to derive more accurate subsidence estimates compared to the standard single look technique.


identifier: Skinner, Justin Harry <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Skinner=3AJustin_Harry=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Near wellbore streamline modeling for advanced well completions.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The following thesis presents a novel approach to streamline modeling in the near well bore region of an oil well. Streamline modeling has existed with the petroleum field since the 1950’s, with many recent advances occurring throughout the last 25 years. Today, streamline modeling is used for a variety of purposes, including flow visualization, transport calculations, reservoir simulation, history matching and many more useful applications. -- In the known literature streamline modeling has not been performed within the near wellbore region of an oil well. The research presented in this thesis focuses on modeling in this vicinity, showing how near wellbore heterogeneities affect flow distribution and overall production. The research also utilizes the near wellbore streamline modeling methodology to establish a novel technique for evaluating well completion strategies. Through the use of optimal design techniques, the various parameters affecting production are analyzed and optimal completion techniques are established. -- While the majority of this research focuses on a two dimensional isotropic heterogeneous media, discussion is provided for the extension to three dimensional modeling. In addition, discussion is also provided for the general case of an anisotropic heterogeneous reservoir medium. -- Various topics for additional work as a result of this research are provided, including new particle tracking techniques, connection factor implementation and the extension to more complex physics.


identifier: Slade, Jennifer Denise <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Slade=3AJennifer_Denise=3A=3A.html>   (2008) Examination of akt and foxo in growth and survival during conditions of nutritional stress in Drosophila melanogaster.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The insulin signaling pathway has been implicated as a regulator of cell growth and survival. To better understand the role of this pathway in these processes, two key effectors of insulin signaling, including the central component protein kinase akt, and its downstream target, the transcription factor foxo, were investigated. Novel derivatives of a P-element allele of Drosophila melanogaster akt exhibit lifespans which are comparable to controls. Analysis of somatic clones of the eye of these derivatives reveal that altered akt activity often leads to a reduction in cell number and size. Two FRT/FLP methods were used to generate clones, and the ey-GAL4/UAS-FLP method was shown to be more sensitive than the ey-FLP method. Analysis of foxo as a mediator of insulin signaling effects under various conditions of nutritional stress revealed its necessity during protein starvation, as foxo mutants did not live as long as controls or heterozygotes upon amino-acid starvation. A novel foxo-responsive luciferase assay revealed that as time of protein starvation increases, the expression of foxo is upregulated. Differences in total body mass between foxo mutants and controls after 96 hours of starvation suggest a possible maternal effect. Analysis of foxo protein activity within the akt⁰⁴²²⁶ derivatives showed that both homozygous and heterozygous derivatives experienced a decrease in foxo activity compared to the control, but to varying degrees. Taken together, these findings support a role for insulin signaling in the control of cell growth and survival. In addition, they suggest the ability of insulin signaling to mediate cellular processes in response to nutrient availability.


identifier: Sleem, Hisham <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sleem=3AHisham=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Synthesis of new macrocyclic polyamides and polysulfonamides and a study of their complexation behavior using ¹H-NMR and mass spectrometry.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The reactions of isophthaloyl dichloride with "Jeffamine-176 and "Jeffamine-148" in the presence of triethylamine forms macrocyclic amide compounds. Also, the reaction of the chromotropic acid derivative with "Jeffamine-176" or with "Jeffamine-148" forms macrocyclic sulfonamides. The product ratios of these new macrocycles depend on the reaction conditions. The compounds have been found to be modest hosts for tetrabutylammonium and metal halides using ¹H NMR titration experiments. These experiments are described in Chapters 2 and 3.  -- Their association constant (Kassoc) values were determined usmg isothermal nonlinear 1:1 binding curve fitting plots. Single-crystal X-ray structures for eight new compounds were obtained and confirmed the proposed structures. The photochemical behaviour of some of the chromotropic acid-based macrocyclic sulfonamides is also reported. -- The titration properties of the tetrabutylammonium halides (TBAX, X = C1, Br or I) alone with CDC1₃ using ¹H NMR chemical shift changes are described in Chapter 4. From the resulting titration curves a linear concentration-dependent relationship could be observed. A Single-crystal X-ray structure for TBABr:CH1₃C has been obtained.


identifier: Small, David <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Small=3ADavid=3A=3A.html>   (2004) An alternative method of fish price determination in Newfoundland and Labrador: the Icelandic experience with fish auctions.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: As long as the commercial fishery has existed in Newfoundland and Labrador there has also existed a relationship of mistrust between fishermen and processor. The existence of this tense relationship is often observed most easily in the price determination system used to settle prices paid for fish in this province. While not the cause of some of the problems in the fishing industry today, price determination could never be seen as a method of solving the problems that do exist because it usually pitted harvester against processor. While many problems exist in the industry, one in particular seems to have gone unchecked for years, that is inconsistent quality of Newfoundland and Labrador seafood. Can one establish a relationship between quality and price determination that would see higher prices paid for better quality. This paper will focus on using auctions as a method of improving harvester processor relations as well as improving quality in the industry.


identifier: Small, Doris Patricia. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Small=3ADoris_Patricia=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1970) Teaching and commitment: a study of Newfoundland teachers.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The theoretical background for this study centers in two concepts: career and commitment. Our chief concern is occupational careers, with emphasis upon careers in teaching. Career is seen in terms of both objective and subjective components. Commitment, which comprises a major portion of the study, is a contingency of the subjective career. An attempt is made to illustrate the various aspects of the teaching career, such as career stages and career switching and to demonstrate that continuance commitment exists among members of the teaching profession; that is, teachers often remain in the profession because they believe they will be faced with penalties if they attempt to abandon it. Continuance commitment is contrasted with value commitment. -- The study is exploratory, and, within the theoretical framework provided, the constant comparative method of qualitative analysis is used in carrying out the research. The study takes place among high school teachers employed in a rural and an urban area. They fall into two groups: those having over twenty years' experience and those having fewer than twenty years' experience. The data are gathered by means of an unstructured interview schedule. -- There are a number of revelations from the investigation about the early stages of the teachers' careers. For example, half of the respondents decided to become teachers while in high school. A large proportion of them never considered an alternative to teaching. Most have engaged in no other occupation. The majority have, at some time, crossed career lines, and most expect to cross in the future. -- It is shown that over one-fourth of the teachers hold a continuance commitment orientation toward the profession, that one-half are ambivalent about their positions, and that fewer than one-fourth hold a value commitment orientation toward their teaching role. Considerable data are presented that suggest a lack of positive attraction to the teaching profession. A total of ten hypotheses are generated from the study. One of these is that many teachers would like to be otherwise employed. The others center in penalties that teachers believe they will encounter should they leave the profession. The thesis concludes with an examination of the implications of the findings, together with suggestions for future research.


identifier: Small, Steven M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Small=3ASteven_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Multiple objective reactive power planning using genetic algorithms.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Increased load demand can severely deteriorate the performance of a power system. Reactive compensation allocation is a common method to allow a power system to return to an acceptable performance level for an expected load increase. The reactive power planning problem (RPP) is used to determine the optimal placement of reactive devices for a set of objectives. The RPP is a large scale, multi-objective, highly constrained and partially discrete optimization problem that is very difficult to solve. -- Heuristic optimization techniques have been used as a means to solve difficult optimization problems including many power system optimization problems. Heuristic techniques based on evolutionary strategies have been used to solve RPPs as they overcome many of the difficulties with classical optimization techniques. However, new multi-objective evolutionary computational techniques have shown the ability to consider an optimization problem's objectives independently for the determination of Pareto-optimal solutions. -- A popular multi-objective evolutionary strategy called the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGAII) is applied to a series of multi-objective RPP case studies in this research. The results from the case studies presented show that the tool is able to determine feasible, non-dominated V Ar source allocation schemes that allow a system to operate safely under an assumed load growth.


identifier: Smallwood, Catherine L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smallwood=3ACatherine_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) The dance of change: stages, research history, the client-therapist relationship, and implications for training.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The need for change is all around us. Failure to make healthy lifestyle changes has led to a
compromised quality of life for many individuals. Why do some people find change so difficult?
This study, through a recursive process of examining the literature, writing, and reflecting on
personal experiences, investigates the process of self-initiated change, and the role that
psychotherapy plays in this process. Four topics are highlighted: The Stage of Change model is
used to explore the blocks and challenges to change; the history of psychotherapy research is
viewed, surveying the effectiveness of counselling and therapy; the client-therapist relationship
is discussed, emphasizing the important part it plays in facilitating change; and the implications
of this relationship for training are considered.


identifier: Smith, Deanne M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3ADeanne_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2013) Evaluation of vigilance in subjects exposed to complete seated inversion body posture.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The seated inversion posture is reported as being useful in evaluating potential effects of gravitational force on the upper body versus that of the lower body. The seated inversion posture is useful in simulating the environments that astronauts are exposed to in microgravity conditions as well as environments that humans may be exposed to during normal daily routines. Many recreational and labor related inverted positions occur in the air, outer space, as well as on or under water. Vigilance is required to complete activities of daily living, extra-curricular activities as in avoidance of and escape from life threatening conditions. Vigilance encompasses the functions of cognition, attention, alertness, and decision making skills that a re required to maintain upright posture and balance as well as required to ensure proper accuracy and perception when solving problems. The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of an inverted posture on variables of vigilance, heart rate and blood pressure. Eight males completed 5 sessions of assessment. Heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP), as well as vigilance tasks and reaction time were assessed first in a seated upright posture, followed by the seated inverted postures, and again a seated upright posture. Intraclass correlation coefficients for Tower of London (ToL), Selective Attention and Response Competition (SARC), anxiety, Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) were excellent (R>0.95). The inverted condition produced significant (p<0.0001) decrements in performance on The Tower of London (ToL) tests and Selective Attention and Response Competition test. Time to completion was significantly slower in (63.4% and 40.7%) the ToL during the inverted condition as compared to the pre and post upright assessments. Reaction time was slower (10.4% and 11.7%) during the SARC tests during the inverted condition as compared to the pre and post upright assessments. o significant change (p<0.537) were found in the Attention Networks Test. SBP (p<0.0001), DBP (p=0.0003), and HR (p<0.001) demonstrated significant decreases during the inverted condition as compared to that of the pre and pot conditions for the ToL. Similar results for SBP, DBP and HR were observed in all tests of vigilance (SARC and AT) in the inverted condition. During the inverted condition participants reported a feeling of anxiety 25% higher than the pre-inversion condition and 51% higher than the post-inversion condition.


identifier: Smith, Janet Doy <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3AJanet_Doy=3A=3A.html>   (1993) An investigation into the effect of gender, biology average, and personal and perceived science values on students' persistence in biology.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study investigated (i) whether the levels of academic integration and social integration of students who persist in biology differed from those of students who did not persist and, (ii) whether students' gender, academic performance, personal values and perceived values of scientists were predictive of persistence in, or attrition from, biology. -- A random sample of 200 students was selected from the population of biology majors attending Memorial University of Newfoundland between 1988 and 1992. One hundred thirty-one of these people agreed to participate in the study. -- Data were collected through the records of the Office of the Registrar at Memorial University and through the administration of a Science Issues Survey, and a Personal Information survey. These data were then subjected to a series of statistical analyses, including Analyses of Variance, t-tests, and Regression Analysis. -- It was found that students who persisted in biology or another science demonstrated greater academic integration with the Biology Department than students who chose to leave the study of science entirely. Students who persisted in biology did not demonstrate greater value integration with the Biology Department than students who did not persist in biology; degree of value integration appeared to vary with gender, rather than with persistence behaviour. -- Students' sex, academic performance in biology, personal values in science, and perceived values of scientists, were found to be predictive of their persistence behaviour in biology and of their decision to leave science altogether. These factors did not accurately predict the persistence behaviour of students who chose to leave biology in order to study another science.


identifier: Smith, Jennifer Suzanne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3AJennifer_Suzanne=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Shifting sites and shifting sands: a record of prehistoric human/landscape interactions from Porcupine Strand, Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Porcupine Strand, on the central coast of Labrador, has experienced dramatic landscape changes since deglaciation: sea level has fallen over 110m; the former nearshore seabed now lies exposed, forming the coastal lowlands; powerful glacier-fed braided rivers flowed across the northern lowlands, carrying sand and gravel to the sea; with sea-level change, the coastline configuration has evolved from a large indented embayment to a relatively straight shoreline. Although most of this landscape change occurred quite rapidly during the two or three millennia following deglaciation, considerable change must have been witnessed by humans since they first occupied the Strand over 7200 ¹⁴C BP. Perhaps the most notable of these were changes in sea level and related coastline displacement, climate variability and its impact on landscape processes (e.g., coastal erosion, sand dune activity), and vegetation change. Because prehistoric cultures relied heavily on marine resources and located their habitation sites close to the active shoreline, the position of ancient shorelines is critical in planning archaeological surveys and interpreting site function in the context of local environment and landscape. -- The primary objectives of this research are: (1) to refine postglacial relative sea-level history using new radiocarbon-dated geological and archaeological samples; (2) to reconstruct palaeoshoreline elevation and configuration for selected time slices using relative sea-level records, topography and mapped raised marine features; and (3) to interpret the local landscape context of archaeological sites preserved in sand dunes and on raised beaches. -- Two 1:50,000 scale surficial geology maps (13H114 E and Wand 13I/3 W) were prepared from aerial photograph interpretation and limited field mapping as baseline data for the study. Glaciofluvial sand and gravel, deposited in front of the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet, constitute a large proportion of the surficial sediment in the map area. Coastal exposures, extending tens of kilometres along the Strand, reveal thick  deposits of glaciomarine mud and sand overlying rare occurrences of till and bedrock. Glaciomarine sediments were deposited by glacier-fed meltwater streams onto the glacioisostatically depressed coastal lowlands, forming Hjulström type deltas. Raised shorelines were identified up to 116 m above present sea level. Fossiliferous mud and sand underlie much of the coastal lowlands, and in places is obscured by bog. Organic samples (4 shell, 2 driftwood) from raised marine sediments were collected for radiocarbon dating. They range in age from 30 to 8820 ¹⁴C BP. Aeolian deflation of emerged glaciomarine sand has resulted in the development of dune systems discontinuously along the entire Strand. Radiocarbon dates on buried soils (n=10) and peaty horizons (n=2) in the dunes range between 40 and 3000 ¹⁴C BP and indicate periodic cycles of stabilization and reactivation. Coastal hills and upland surfaces consist mostly of exposed or concealed bedrock having only minor till cover. -- Holocene marine limit elevation declines from 116 m in the south to 98 m above sea level (asl) in the north. The establishment of marine limit is estimated to be between 9000 and 8000 ¹⁴C BP based on a marine shell date in the south and a previously published age on the isolation of a freshwater basin to the north, respectively. Initial emergence was rapid in the south at 6.4 m/century until 7000 ¹⁴C BP, when relative sea level dropped below the modem shoreline. No data are available to reconstruct the submerged interval of sea-level history. Farther north, initial emergence was slightly slower at 4.6 m/century until 6000-7000 ¹⁴C BP. After this time the relative sea-level record is poorly constrained and may represent either continued slow emergence to present or emergence followed by submergence. This latter scenario is supported by the apparent absence of raised marine deposits in the age range 30 to 6750 ¹⁴C BP and evidence for recent coastal submergence (e.g. coastal cliff recession). -- Many archaeological sites are located on raised beaches. All prehistoric groups are represented by sites within 15 m of sea level. No obvious pattern is identified between site age and elevation; however this may be explained by the small change in the relative sea level position over the last 6000 to 7000 ¹⁴C BP. If sites older than 7000 ¹⁴C BP are present, they should occur on shorelines higher than 15 m asl. The position and configuration of these shorelines are reconstructed using the refined sea-level history and available topographic data for the Strand. These shorelines tend to be highly embayed in contrast to the relatively straight shorelines of the last 7000 ¹⁴C BP or so. These reconstructed coastal landscapes should help refine search strategies for older archaeological site on the Strand. -- The oldest radiocarbon-dated soil suggests that sand dune development has primarily occurred over the last 3000 ¹⁴C BP. Buried soils and peat horizons overlie strongly indurated marine and glaciomarine sediments. These sediments are the likely source of the aeolian sand. Twelve radiocarbon-dated buried soils and peat indicate eight periods of dune re-vegetation and stabilization in the last 500 ¹⁴C BP, which were likely due to changing local conditions (e.g., aridity, forest fires, and human activity). -- Over half of the archaeological sites recorded on the Strand are exposed in sand dunes through deflation. As a result, much of the artifact evidence and related cultural features (e.g., fire hearths) are reworked onto the bottoms of blowouts and have lost their stratigraphic context. Archaeological sites were located in four blowouts which also contain dated soil horizons. Generally, there is weak correspondence between the interpreted age of the cultural material and the radiocarbon-dated soil horizons exposed in blowout walls. This is thought to reflect the locally variable and complex dune stratigraphy. Caution is therefore advised in using dated soil horizons in sand dunes to define cultural history of local archaeological sites along the Strand.


identifier: Smith, Kerri Nicole <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3AKerri_Nicole=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Positional cloning of the GCT1 granulosa cell tumor susceptibilty locus in swr inbred mice.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Female mice of the SWR/Bm (SWR) inbred strain are susceptible to the spontaneous initiation of juvenile-onset granulosa cell (GC) tumours of the ovary at the onset of puberty. The mouse GC tumours share histological, endocrinological and malignant features with juvenile-type GC tumours found in infants and young girls, and thus the SWR strain represents a model system for the identification of susceptibility genes. Genetic mapping studies between the SWR strain and tumour-resistant strains have consistently associated the Granulosa cell tumour susceptibility 1 (Gct1) locus on distal mouse chromosome (Chr) 4 with the GC tumour phenotype. Mapping the trait for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) induced GC tumour appearance in six congenic mouse sublines successfully resolved the Gct1 locus to 1.51 Mb and a candidate list of 23 unique annotated protein coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and other processed transcripts with may represent novel genes with biological activity. A qualitative assessment of prioritized genes within the refined Gct1 interval did not exclude any from the ovarian compartment and therefore shared identity with Gct1. Tnfrsf1b was given top priority as a candidate gene given its described role in ovarian biology, but no conclusive sequence variation or expression differences unique so SWR were identified that indicated Tnfrsf1b is Gct1. Three other protein coding genes (Dhrs3, Tnfrst8, and Vps13d) are present in the Gct1 region and orthologous between mouse and human, and are promising candidates for Gct1.


identifier: Smith, Nicole C. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3ANicole_C=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2013) The molecular regulation of adipogenesis by CD24.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Both an excess and a paucity of adipose tissue can result in major health complications such as heart disease, stroke and increased cancer risk. CD24 is a cell surface receptor involved in the regulation of cell survival. Previous research suggests that CD24 is expressed on cells that can become adipocytes, however the function of CD24 on these cells is unclear. The goal of this thesis was to determine if CD24 directly regulates adipogenesis by examining its expression and regulation on pre-adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. CD24 mRNA and protein expression was found to increase upon induction of adipogenesis in vitro in 3T3-L I pre-adipocytes, followed by a decrease as the adipocyte matured. This increase in CD24 expression was mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Antibody-mediated clustering of CD24 resulted in decreased mRNA expression of late adipogenic markers and increased expression of CD24 itself, suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop. Overall, the data presented here suggest that there is an inverse correlation between CD24 expression and adipocyte differentiation and/or function. This work has implications for improving the health of obese and lipodystrophic patients.


identifier: Smith, Steven <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3ASteven=3A=3A.html>   (2011) Excited states in spatially-confined [3x3] grid-type complexes.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The field of nanoscience is predicated on the study of organized assemblies on the nanoscale. Through an inderstanding of the unique properties of highly-ordered molecular assemblies at confined dimensions, the development of new devices can be realized. However, the challenge in the constructin of a new device involves an understanding of the properties expressed by each of the components  in the combined collective. -- Previously synthesized grid-type complexes incorporate both metal ions and π-ligands into a highly-organized spatially-confined nanoscale system. The composition of the grid-type structure can vary from anarray of [2x2] metal ions with 4 ligands to [5x5] metal ions with 10 ligands. These nanostructures may be partitioned into substructures with involve a grid-like core of metal ions and a π-stacked ligand frameowrk encompassing the core. An understanding of the electronic properties of these nanostructures involves an understanding of the electronci properties of each of these substructures, and the collective electronic properties expressed through interaction of the core with the ligands. The studies presented in this thesis focuses on the phtotophysical properties of three self-assembled [3x3] grid-type systems which are compsed of Zn(II)₉, Mn(II)₉, and Mn(III)₄Mn(II)₅ metal ions and 6 hydrazon-based (2POAP) ligands. -- Comprehensive studies on [Zn(II)₉(2POAP-2H)₆](NO₃)₆ are presented which classify the excited states for the ligand framework in the gred-tytpe complexes studied. The ligands in the [3x3] grid-type complex portray both discrete and emergent charge transfer behaviour which is greatly influenced by spatial-confinement. The ligand excited states are shown to exhibit intramolecular charge transfer specific to each ligand as well as interligand charge transfer between ligands. -- Following a discussion on the ligand states, the excited states for the metal core in [Mn(II)₉(2POAP-2H)₆](ClO₄)₆ and [Mn(III)₄Mn(II)₅(2POAP-2H)₆](ClO₄)₁₀ are presented. Furthermore, the excited states resulting from the nteractin of the metal core with the ligand framework are classified. These states are shown to exhibit a range of charge transfer behaviour which includes metal-to-metal charge tgransfer, ligand-to-metal charge transfer, and metal-to-ligand charge transfer. Moreover, it is shown that the excited states in these open-shell metal complexes retain their characteristic ligand states which are offset by the interaction of the metal with the ligand. -- The light-harvesting properties of [Zn(II)₉(2POAP-2H)₆](NO₃)₆  were investigated through titrations with anthracene-9-carboxylic acid. These studies were undertaken to examine the potential application of grid-type complexes as light-harvesting units. The interaction of these molecules results in a supramolecular hydrogen-bonded adduct in which electronic excitation energy transfer is heavily involved in the excited state relaxation process. This excitation energy transfer is shown to occur from the anthracene derivative to a ligand charge transfer state over relatively short (~8 Å) and long distances of up to 50 Å through the Förster mechanism.


identifier: Snelgrove, Tara <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Snelgrove=3ATara=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Genetic epidemiology of ankylosing spondylitis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis and represents the most common seronegative spondyloarthropathy with an approximate prevalence of one in one thousand Caucasians. Clinically, AS commonly presents as a predominantly axial arthritis affecting the spine and girdle joints. AS is a complex genetic disease with multiple susceptibility factors. Though it is known AS susceptibility has a strong genetic component, with a sibling recurrence risk (λs) of 82, the majority of the susceptibility genes are unidentified. -- Objective: The objective of this study was to identify and test potential candidate genes for susceptibility to AS in the Newfoundland population. Candidate genes were chosen based on functional relevance to disease phenotype or on positional proximity to known chromosome regions of linkage to AS. -- Methods: All patients with AS met the modified New York Criteria and the controls were ethnically matched. A Newfoundland cohort of 101 AS patients and 103 ethnically matched controls were genotyped using the Sequenom MassArray platform. All controls met Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Analysis was performed using appropriate statistical tests. -- Results: The minor allele frequencies for the candidate genes TLR4 Asp299Gly (Pc=0.05) and TNFα promoter polymorphisms -308 (Pc=0.008), -863/-1031 (in linkage disequilibrium Pc=0.000) were found to be associated with AS. Other candidate genes tested showed no association with disease. Minor alleles of the single nucleotide polymorphisms chosen for the candidate genes FGFR2, TCIRG1, and DLL3 were not present in the Newfoundland population. No secondary associations of phenotype and genotype were noted for disease severity indices, gender or age of onset. -- Conclusion: A novel association was noted between TLR4 and AS and the association of promoter polymorphisms of TNFα was validated in the Newfoundland population.


identifier: Snow, Gerald P. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Snow=3AGerald_P=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Evaluation of the corrosion performance of 316 L stainless steel for hydrometallurgical processing of Voisey's Bay nickel concentrate.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The susceptibility of 316 L stainless steel to pitting corrosion in a solutions of sulfuric acid has been investigated using both potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization techniques. The effects of Cl, SO₄²⁻, Ni ²⁺, Fe³⁺ and aeration were studied and the results are presented in terms of pitting potential, free corrosion potential and pit morphology. -- It was determined that the potentiostatic polarization techniques resulted in pitting potentials closer to the true pitting potential when compared to values obtained using potentiodynamic polarization. Validation of the pitting potential was done by c comparing the data from the respective polarization tests to the surface of the test sample in question. Solutions containing chloride ions resulted in the lowest pitting potentials and highest amount of anodic dissolution. It was found that etch pits developed at lower potentials closer to the pitting potential, whereas polished pits developed at higher potentials. -- A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze micro-pits on the surface of the polarized samples. From the analysis it was clear that pits developed with a cover which served as a diffusion barrier promoting stable pit growth. A profile of stable pits were examined by cross sectioning the polarized samples and it was concluded that the morphology of developed pits are not hemispherical in shape but rather saucer shaped with an average width-to-depth ratio of about 6.


identifier: Snow, Nicole <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Snow=3ANicole=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Perceived health needs of single mothers attending university in Newfoundland and Labrador: a focus group study.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The pursuit of a university education is not without challenge. For single
mothers, the additional role of student can be quite taxing. Published studies have
examined the experiences of working single mothers and those in low-income situations.
Little is known of the health concerns facing single mothers who commit considerable
time, energy and financial resources to attaining a university degree. -- Using a phenomenological approach to focus groups and critical social theory as a
contextual background, single mothers attending full time university studies in
Newfoundland and Labrador were interviewed. The focus group transcripts were then
analysed using Zemke and Kramlinger's approach (1982). Five themes emerged: "If l
were only a student;" "Doing it alone;" "Surviving economically;" "There's not much left
of me;" and "I've found my strength." -- The findings represent the complex experiences and challenges facing these
women. Nursing must become committed to developing a greater understanding of the
issues facing marginalized groups such as single mothers in order to better support and
meet their needs.


identifier: Soko, Chimwemwe Kamangadazi <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Soko=3AChimwemwe_Kamangadazi=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Efficacy of garlic juice and lemon juice as bio-product treatments for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) infections of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The ciliated protozoan, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, has a worldwide distribution and
almost all freshwater fish species are susceptible to its infection. Both the parasite and the
resulting disease condition are popularly called ich. Currently, formalin is the only
therapeutant approved for use on cultured fishes to control ectoparasites. However, the
high cost and human handling safety concerns restrict the applicability of formalin for
widespread use in developing countries such as Malawi. Previous studies have
demonstrated garlic juice (Allium sativum) and lemon juice (bioflavinols) as alternative,
"safe" treatments to control infestations of I. multifiliis and other parasites, but their
efficacy has not been reported from controlled studies. To determine the efficacy of garlic
and lemon juice on ich survival, two trials were conducted between July 2003 and
September 2004 at the Marine Institute. Juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, were
infected with ich theronts and treated with different concentrations of garlic juice (1.5 -
3g/L) and lemon juice (5g/L). After infecting the fish with ich, various biological indices
(condition factors, specific growth rates, feed conversion ratios, hepatosomatic indices,
splenosomatic indices), blood immunology and histology samples were examined weekly
for four weeks to assess treatment efficacy. Garlic juice (3g/L) in a continuous static bath
exposure was the most effective treatment. Lemon juice (5g/L) was effective in killing
ich theronts but resulted in unfavourable water conditions (reduced pH).


identifier: Solomon, Afework <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Solomon=3AAfework=3A=3A.html>   (1989) Cofibrations.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Cofibrations

abstract: This thesis has no abstract.


identifier: Somayajulu, Chavali Rama <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Somayajulu=3AChavali_Rama=3A=3A.html>   (1969) Paleomagnetic studies of volcanic rocks in Ireland, Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Twenty-five samples from four bands of Ordovician ignimbrite exposed near Killary Harbour, Eire, were studied in detail, yielding strong evidence for magnetic stability: (1) At two collection sites, the natural remanent magnetization was significantly misaligned with the present field. At all three sites its direction was substantially stable against (2) a.c.  demagnetizing fields up to 795 oe (peak), and (3) heating to 400-550°C; both treatments tended to reduce directional scatter. (4) A positive fold test suggests that the stable magnetization is primary. Assuming a "reversed" axial dipole field, a geographic north pole in the Pacific Ocean (9°N, 146°W; dp = 12°, dm = 22°) was calculated from the resultant of the four band mean directions relative to bedding planes, after a.c. treatment of all samples to 540 oe. Allowing for possible incomplete averaging of the secular variation, this result is compatible with the few published Ordovician poles relative to Europe. -- An oven for stepwise demagnetization, used in the present study, was calibrated. Various tests showed that field-nulling errors would be within 50-100γ during runs. Systematic directional errors from this cause can be greatly reduced by random specimen grouping. -- Basalts from three Lower or Middle Paleozoic single flows in southern Labrador (Henley Harbour, Table Head), and at Cloud Mountain in northern Newfoundland, were thermally tested for stability. Like the Irish ignimbrites, these rocks tend to be highly oxidized, with hematite partly replacing the primary titanomagnetite. The three lavas showed comparable thermomagnetic behaviour, with blocking temperatures mostly in a 100-200°C range below 450°C. Treatment to 350-450°C destroyed some secondary components, yielding new mean directions that were similar at the three sites, though with poor vector grouping. Being spot readings of the ancient field, these directions agree broadly with published directions from Lower Paleozoic rocks.


identifier: Spanner, Leigh Anne <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Spanner=3ALeigh_Anne=3A=3A.html>   (2013) The gendered discourse of war: Canada post 9/11.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis considers whether Canada engaged in a gendered discourse on the "War on Terror". Gender refers to the social meanings attributed to perceived sex differences and not the biological differences between males and females. Gender norms are produced and reproduced by dualisms such as aggressive/passive, and rational/emotional, where the first term is associated with masculinity while the second with femininity. The higher value is associated to the first term, or masculine one, perpetuating unequal relations between genders. The aforementioned question is answered by undertaking a critical discourse analysis of the official debates of the House of Commons (Hansard) in the week following the attacks of September 11th, 2001. It is found that Canada's rhetoric on security, its consideration of political responses, and construction of its national identity in contrast to the enemy makes use of gendered discourses.


identifier: Sparkes, Jason Karl <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sparkes=3AJason_Karl=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Comparison of controlled rectifier and chopper power supplies for DC smelting furnace applications.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: High power electric are furnaces are used in the metals industry for smelting various ore types and melting scrap steel. To a power system an arc furnace represents an erratic load, which a leading cause of voltage flicker, harmonic distortion, and low power factor. In an attempt to reduce the impact on the power system and to reduce production cost new electric arc furnaces have been constructed with DC power supplies. DC electric arc furnaces have been proven to be superior to AC furnaces with regard to reducing voltage flicker and lowering production cost. -- Traditionally DC furnaces have been supplied from thyristor-controlled rectifiers. However, as transistor rating increase alternative configurations become available. Namely active rectifiers, and uncontrolled rectifier chopper combinations. To date only the uncontrolled rectifier chopper power supply has been used as an alternative to the controlled rectifier power supply. The purpose of this thesis is to describe each configuration in detail and investigate their suitability to DC smelting furnace applications. The comparison will investigate the line side power quality, rectifier performance, and reliability.


identifier: Spellacy, Lisa <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Spellacy=3ALisa=3A=3A.html>   (1995) Recreational specialization among visitors to Gros Morne National Park.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study uses the concept of specialization to examine visitors' activities in Gros Marne National Park Reserve, specifically those using the backcountry. An index of activity specialization was created employing generic indicators in an attempt to differentiate among backcountry visitors and between backcountry and frontcountry visitors. Visitor characteristics are described. Preferences for environmental attributes and levels of support for park management strategies by different visitor sub-groups are discussed. -- Questionnaires were distributed to visitors who registered for overnight stays in the backcountry during the summer of 1990 and to visitors who stayed at the 'frontcountry' Green Point campground during the months of July and August, 1990. -- Backcountry visitors are socio-demographically different from Green Point visitors, but are not different in terms of overall activity specialization scores. Differences in hiking specialization and camping specialization were noted between visitors who chose to recreate in different settings within the park. Visitors to untrailed backcountry were more highly specialized hikers than visitors to trailed backcountry, who were more highly specialized hikers than visitors to the frontcountry campgrounds. The reverse pattern was the case for camping specialization. Generally visitors who participated in activities other than hiking or camping had higher specialization scores. -- The specialization index used in this thesis is not a practical tool for park managers. More useful information about park users was obtained from examining visitor comments and by classing visitors into groups based on the park area in which they stayed overnight. Visitors to the untrailed backcountry were found to have similar environmental preferences to visitors to the trailed backcountry with the exception of a stronger preference for physical challenge. Visitors to the trailed backcountry were found to have similar levels of support for management options which include facilities to visitors to the frontcountry. -- Management strategies favored by all visitor groups include the provision of more and better information and interpretation via staff, maps and brochures.


identifier: Spencer, Doreen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Spencer=3ADoreen=3A=3A.html>   (1970) Relevance of questions on Grade IX English literature examinations, June 1968, for the province of Newfoundland to professed objectives.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The study examined the relevance of questions on the Grade IX English Literature Examinations, June 1968, for the Province of Newfoundland to professed objectives. Data were collected by means of an opinionnaire, based on the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives edited by B.S. Bloom and D.R. Krathwohl, distributed to teachers of Grade IX English Literature in selected schools in Newfoundland; to the members of the Curriculum Division, Department of Education; to the members of the English Council of the Newfoundland Teacher’s Association; and to the setters of the examinations in Grade IX English Literature, June 1968. A stratified random sample of English teachers was used. -- The degree of agreement between objectives tested on the examinations and those objectives professed by teachers, by members of the Curriculum Division, Department of Education, by members of the English Council, and by the setters of the examinations was investigated. The University-preparatory and General-program examinations were compared. The statistical procedures used to test the hypothesis included Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance. -- The findings indicated that there was no agreement on objectives among the participating groups and also that the objectives of no single group agreed with those objectives texted on the examinations under consideration. -- Analysis of the findings supports several conclusions the most important of which are the following: (1) There seems to be no communication among teachers, the English Council, the Curriculum Division, and the setters of the examinations concerning the goals to be attained in the teaching of English Literature. (2) Much of evaluation should reach beyond the testing of the mere possession of knowledge to the testing of whether the knowledge can be used effectively. (3) The broad, global objectives for the teaching of English Literature need to be made operational. -- The major recommendations arising from the study included: (1) All teachers and people involved in the preparation of an English Curriculum and/or Examination should have some training in the writing of instructional objectives. (2) Setters of examinations should be more carefully chosen. (3) The Faculty of Education of Memorial University should be asked to initiate a course specifically designed to help teachers operationalize their objectives.


identifier: Spracklin, Lisa <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Spracklin=3ALisa=3A=3A.html>   (2003) The slippery road to empowerment: the Musquash experience in developing a co-management model for a marine protected area in the Bay of Fundy.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Marine resource management is an area that has come under much scrutiny in recent times due to resource management in top-down bureaucratic approaches. Increasingly, the integrity of such management regimes has been called into question. Emphasis is shifting toward finding alternative, more responsible management approaches, including co-management. Co-management entails the sharing of regulatory and decision-making power between the state and resource users in order to create more effective and legitimate management practices. This thesis investigates the implementation of a co-management arrangement in a Marine Protected Area (MPA). MPAs are a conservation strategy employed by the federal government to protect unique and endangered marine ecosystems. MPAs are intended to be jointly managed between the state and those who utilize or reside adjacent to them. This research examines community participation in the management of a proposed MPA through documentation of the process and investigates the challenges and problems that arise.


identifier: Spurrell, David R. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Spurrell=3ADavid_R=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2004) Characterization of antibody-defined epitopes on HLA-DRB1*04 molecules.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: We have previously identified antibody-defined epitopes on the HLA-DRB1*04 molecules that are associated with development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The expression of a NFLD.D11-defined epitope (D11⁺0401) on B cell lines (BCL) is dependent on HLA-DM. NFLD.D13 recognizes DRB1*0404, but not DRB1*0401 in DM⁺ BCL (D13⁺0404). However, in DM⁻ BCL, NFLD.D13 recognized an epitope on HLA-DRB1*0401 molecules (D13⁺0401). It was speculated that these epitopes arise either through acquisition of peptides from differentiation antigens of through differential processing and acquisition of a peptide from a common protein. Initially, we show that these epitopes were not detected on the surface of synovial fibroblasts from RA patients, despite the up-regulation of DR, DM molecules and compartments necessary for class II antigen processing and presentation. Further investigation showed that the expression of the D11⁺0401 and D13⁺0404 epitopes was restricted to professional antigen presenting cells, with the exception of the melanoma cell MDA MD 435.0401, which expressed D11⁺0401. To Analyze the intracellular mechanisms by the D11⁺0401 and D13⁺0404 are generated, we treated normal and DM⁻ BCL with various inhibitors, including brefeldin A and protease inhibitors, and employed confocal and immunoelectron microscopy to dissect the compartments within the endocytic pathway where these epitopes form. We found that both the D11⁺0401 and D13⁺0404 epitopes from within CD63⁺CD82⁺ lysosomal compartments in normal BCL. The D11⁺0401 epitope requires cytoplasmic and endosomal cysteine proteases, whereas D13⁺0404 epitope expression is protease independent. Both epitopes appear to require tetraspan protein-enriched microdomains for proper surface expression. Interestingly, the D13⁺0401 epitope also required cysteine proteases for its expression, suggesting that a unique set of peptides are responsible for the formation of these DRB1*04 epitopes.


identifier: Squires, Amanda <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Squires=3AAmanda=3A=3A.html>   (2004) A phoneme deletion task with no verbal production component.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The abilities of good and poor readers were investigated in a phoneme awareness task in which the first phoneme of a word was deleted. Instead of having to produce the answer, like traditional phoneme awareness experiments, the participants had to recognize the correct target of phoneme deletion by comparing word pairs. For example, participants had to determine that the word pair 'Blake-bake', which was presented aurally, was an incorrect answer, because the second phoneme had been removed from the second word of the word pair. The results show that there was a significant effect of group, with poor readers' performance being intermediate between that of younger and older groups of good readers. An effect of condition was also found, with all groups having difficulty distinguishing between word pairs in which the first sound has been removed ('Blake-lake') and word pairs in which the whole cluster had been removed ('Blake-ache'). Other results suggest that phoneme awareness develops incrementally. In conclusion, even with the production component removed, this modified phoneme awareness task is still a reliable measure of reading ability, since it distinguishes between good and poor readers.


identifier: Squires-Parsons, Deborah V. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Squires-Parsons=3ADeborah_V=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2005) Isolation and partial characterization of PCB and PAH-degrading bacterial consortia from contaminated sites in Stephenville and Argentia, Island of Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Soil and sediment samples collected from PCB contaminated sites in Stephenville (soil) and Argentia (sediment) were used to isolate several microbial consortia capable of growth on biphenyl medium. These cultures were enriched by repeated transfer on biphenyl medium, and laboratory scale experiments were carried out to determine the ability of the Argentia consortia to degrade naphthalene, phenanthrene, phloroglucinol and toluene, as well as Aroclor 1254. The Stephenville cultures were also tested for the ability to degrade Aroclor 1254, using test tube, flask experiments (both soil-free and soil slurries) and bioreactor experiments. -- Results show that all of the cultures tested grew on biphenyl medium and several of the cultures were able to also degrade PAHs and PCBs. Results of soil slurry experiments showed that the addition of enriched consortia plus biphenyl as cosubstrate stimulated biodegradation of Aroclor 1254. Growth on Aroclor 1254 was also shown in soil-free microcosms by an increase in optical density at 600 nm, as compared with controls. Dry weight of cells also increased when compared with controls. A sequential anaerobic/aerobic treatment regime was also found to be successful in degrading Aroclor 1254. -- These results show that indigenous bacteria, enriched by growth on biphenyl medium, can be useful in treatment of PCB-contaminated soils and sediments.


identifier: Stamp, Clifford Francis Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stamp=3AClifford_Francis_Joseph=3A=3A.html>   (2006) Collision-induced absorption spectra of H₂ in the first overtone region and the fundamental band of D₂ in binary mixtures: D₂-N₂, D₂-CO, D₂-He, D₂-Ar and D₂-Kr.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The present research project consisted of three distinct spectral regions of study. First there was a refinement to the spectral analysis of the collision-induced absorption (CIA) spectra of the first overtone band of hydrogen. This consisted primarily of an investigation of the density dependence of the so-called "fudge factor" by use of various semi-empirical line shapes. -- The second part was an analysis of the CIA of the fundamental band of D₂ in D₂-N₂ and D₂-CO mixtures. The absorption coefficients were determined using appropriate statistical methods applied to a density expansion of the integrated absorption of the spectra, as well as calculation of the characteristic parameters of various semi-empirical line shapes applied to the experimental data. -- The third part of the thesis consisted of a systematic study of the CIA spectra of the fundamental band of D₂ enhanced by He, Ar, and Kr at room temperature. The absorption coefficients were determined using appropriate statistical methods applied to a density expansion of the integrated absorption of the spectra, and the characteristic parameters of various semi-empirical line shapes were deduced from a nonlinear fitting procedure applied to the experimental data. -- During the course of the above work, the FORTRAN programs used to transform the raw data into the desired numerical quantities and complete the necessary analysis were updated and as necessary completely rewritten to advance the data analysis. This work was commenced in earnest during the author's M.Sc. thesis with the goal being to maximize the robust nature of the analysis and propagation of errors throughout all calculations to obtain maximum reliability in the results.


identifier: Stanley, Sarah Elizabeth Margaret <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stanley=3ASarah_Elizabeth_Margaret=3A=3A.html>   (2013) The United Nations and democratic defictis: an examination of the UN's effect on democracy and democratic deficits in transitioning and post-conflict states.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Can the United Nations aid in the creation of a deficit-free democracy in transitioning and post-conflict states? Or does international involvement, specifically the UN and its peace building missions, cause a deficit or even a double democratic deficit in these states? By examining two case studies, Nepal and Nicaragua, with the indicators of a democratic deficit (elections, low voter turnout and lack of visible representation of women and minorities) as well as the theory of the double democratic deficit (use of force), I argue that the UN and its missions cannot create a functioning, deficit-free democracy in post-conflict state. I propose that without feelings of democratic ownership in citizens of any given state, feelings that cannot be imposed, a democratic or double democratic deficit will exist.


identifier: Stanley, Lorelei V. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stanley=3ALorelei_V=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2006) An examination of factors related to burnout among mental health nurses.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This cross-sectional study was designed to test a model of burnout among mental health nurses employed in a psychiatric hospital in Atlantic Canada. The model included the variables job satisfaction, role ambiguity, role conflict, workload, social support, perception of personal safety, age, education, work experience, and the three dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. The sample consisted of 115 registered nurses and licensed practical nurses. -- The rate of burnout within the sample was 8.1 %, although more than 40.0% of the sample reported high levels of emotional exhaustion, or depersonalization, or low levels of personal accomplishment. Nearly half of the participants reported high levels of concern for their personal safety in the workplace. Bivariate analyses demonstrated significant correlations between a number of the study variables. Multiple linear regressions indicated that job satisfaction, role conflict, and workload were the best predictors of the three dimensions of burnout. Specifically, role conflict was a significant predictor of all three dimensions of burnout, while job satisfaction was a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, and workload was a significant predictor of depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The perception of personal safety was significantly correlated with all three dimensions of burnout, job satisfaction, role conflict, role ambiguity, workload, and social support, but it was not found to be a significant predictor in the model of burnout used in this research. -- The results of this study have implications for nursing practice, education, theory, and research. At a time when the nursing profession in Canada is aging and experiencing mass retirement, this research provides relevant information for the prevention of burnout among mental health nurses that can improve the retention of experienced nurses and the recruitment of new nurses.


identifier: Staveley, Mark Sinclair <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Staveley=3AMark_Sinclair=3A=3A.html>   (2009) Data representation scheme and similarity measures for a comprehensive computational chemistry database.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis draws upon research in the areas of information retrieval, chemical informatics, and computational chemistry. -- Many research initiatives deal with very large amounts of data, and as a result information retrieval systems are becoming more and more of a necessity.  Chemically-based information retrieval systems are of particular interest to computational chemists, as computational chemists not only produce large quantities of information (data), but they also use large quantities of computer processing power (CPU cycles). -- Currently there are no tools available through any of the Canadian High-Performance Computing consortia that have been designed and implemented to support the data management activities of computational chemists. The only electronic resources that are publicly available contain information that has either been obtained experimentally or through patent and publication searches. -- A system by the name of Chem-DRSM has been designed and implemented in order to support the structuring and browsing of computational chemistry data. It has been implemented using principles and methods associated with various chemically based data representation schemes and similarity measures. This thesis presents and discussed the design, implementation and evaluation of the Chem-DRSM system. An evaluation of the similarity measures found within the Chem-DRSM system was conducted using statistical information (precision and recall statistics), information from the distribution of similarity scores with test structures, and information gathered from a human study that involved subjects with an expert level of knowledge in chemistry. -- The Chem-DRSM contains three different similarity measures (namely the contextual cosine measure, standard cosine measure, and Tanimoto measure), which have all been adapted to make use of specialized chemical topological descriptors called Chemical Atom Topological Indices (CATI). The evaluation not only compares the performance of these metrics with each other, but also compares their performance with a version of the Tanimoto measure which uses chemical fingerprints (which is considered to be an industry standard). -- Results of the statistical evaluation showed that the standard cosine measure had a higher average precision (with a lower standard deviation) than the other measures (including the Tanimoto with chemical fingerprints). During the evaluation of the distribution of similarity scores produced by the different similarity measures it was observed that the standard cosine measure assessed the similarity of chemical structures with the most granularity. The level of granularity associated with the standard cosine measure is attributed, in part, to its use of statistical weighting information about the various descriptors found within chemical structures. This is in contrast to the Tanimoto measure, with chemical fingerprints, which only looks at the presence and absence of properties when distinguishing chemical structures. Furthermore, the standard cosine measure also identified more similar structures (as classified by the human study participants) than the Tanimoto measure. -- All of these different evaluation results show that the standard cosine, measure, which uses the CATI descriptors, defines a chemical information context for searching and browsing that is more appropriate than the chemical information context created by the Tanimoto measure which uses chemical fingerprints.


identifier: Stead, Jordan Elizabeth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stead=3AJordan_Elizabeth=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Geological comparison of the south Hopedale and west Orphan Basins, northwest Atlantic Margin.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The South Hopedale and West Orphan Basin developed concurrently during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rifting stage on the northwest Atlantic margin. These basins, and the intervening Paleozoic Cartwright Arch and St. Anthony Basin, were interpreted using 2D reflection seismic, borehole and potential fields data to compare stratigraphic and structural features along the margin, analyze the extension and basin evolution, and examine the petroleum prospectivity of the region. -- Mapping indicates that the Labrador synrift sequence thins seawards but extends past the slope break, and that the West Orphan synrift sequence becomes thicker and more structurally complex towards the east and south of the basin. A thick postrift sequence is evident along the entire Labrador margin and West Orphan Basin. In the South Hopedale Basin, a complex extensional postrift fault system is observed along the shelf break, and complimentary compressional features are observed downslope. This structural system was not evident in the West Orphan Basin, where the postrift sequence thins significantly sea wards. Comparisons of the postift seismic markers and sequences in both basins show many similarities. Arealy extensive, polygonally faulted sequences are present along the entire margin. -- Comparisons of the mapped extensional fault systems to analogue models of orthogonal, oblique and multi-phase rift systems indicate that the Hopedale Basin is characteristic of an orthogonal rift while the West Orphan Basin is typical of an oblique rift. Analysis of the extension along the margin suggests that higher stretching values occur in the West Orphan Basin, where there is significant variation of the postrift-to- synrift ratio across the seismic profiles. The extension values are lower in the South Hopedale Basin, where the postrift-to-synrift ratio is consistently high. -- The petroleum prospectivity of both regions is significant. The established source and reservoir bearing sequences in the Hopedale Basin were mapped onto the outer shelf and slope, where maturation is predicted to increase. The West Orphan Basin has no proven hydrocarbon accumulations, but the similarity of the stratigraphy to that of the Labrador Shelf in the northwest, and that of the producing Jeanne d'Arc Basin in the southeast suggest that the area has considerable potential. Numerous structural and startigraphic traps were mapped throughout both these regions.


identifier: Stenhouse, Iain J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stenhouse=3AIain_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2003) The reproductive behaviour and ecology of Sabine's gulls (Xema sabini) in the eastern Canadian Arctic.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Life history theory focuses on how phenotypic traits interact to determine an organism's fitness, which is generally measured in terms of survival and reproduction. An animal's behaviour is a critical component in its ability to survive and reproduce, because natural selection promotes individuals that are behaviourally efficient. -- Like many avian species breeding at high latitudes, the reproductive behavior and ecology of Sabine's Gull (Xema sabini) has been rarely studied. This species nests in coastal wetland tundra across the Arctic, and winters at cold-water upwelling zones in the Tropics and Subtropics. It is considered an atypical gull, both morphologically and behaviourally, and is recognized as phylogenetically distinct. -- At East Bay, Southampton Island, Nunavut, Sabine's Gulls nested on mossy edges of freshwater ponds, and were non-randomly distributed across the study area and within nesting habitat. Compared with other gulls, they exhibit several distinct ecological traits. They had relatively short incubation and fledging periods, and, within 24 hours of hatching, families relocated to post-hatching territories at the shoreline. These aspects of their reproductive ecology, which differ from other gulls, are likely adaptive traits that have evolved in response to specific characteristics of their Arctic breeding areas. -- Sabine's Gulls also exhibit a number of behavioural traits that are typical of gulls. Pairs showed strong site-tenacity and mate-fidelity from year to year. Throughout incubation and early brooding, males and females showed high reproductive investment. Overall, they shared parental duties equally, although there was considerable variation among pairs. Sabine's Gulls distinguished between threatening and non-threatening species close to their nests, and both members of a pair were aggressive towards predators. Although the relative intensity of response did not change over time, it did differ among predator types. Reproductive success was variable among years, and indirectly influenced by availability of microtine rodents, via their shared predators. The local annual survival rate, estimated at 0.89 ± 0.04, was close to those of other gull and tern species. -- Overall, the evolution of Sabine's Gull life history traits appears to have been influenced by both their phylogeny and the particular ecological conditions of their breeding environment, and/or interactions between these.


identifier: Stern, Edward <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stern=3AEdward=3A=3A.html>   (2007) Towards a new management approach: defining recreational fishing effort in the Alaska halibut charter fishery.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In Alaska, many recreational fishermen gain access to Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) with knowledgeable captains aboard chartered sportfishing boats. Traditionally, and when viewed against a backdrop of commercial fishing effort, management agencies and the fishing public perceived recreational fishing as harmless in terms of stock depletion. Recent research suggests this perception is false. Management for the charter fishery has been evolving since 1993, consuming countless hours of industry and management time and resources, still with no settled plan in place. The charter fleet requires a long-term management strategy so that charter operators can plan their businesses for the long-term. This paper addresses management of marine recreational fishing in general, focusing on the Alaska halibut charter fishery. -- Part of the challenge with the halibut charter fishery's management development is a lack of definition of recreational fishing effort. I attempt to build an approach to recreational fishery management by segmenting recreational fishing effort into separate categories, selecting those categories present in the Alaska halibut charter fishery, and discussing management tools which may satisfy the needs of that fishing effort. Fishermen in the charter fishery are a diverse group with multiple aims for their fishing trips, which range from high halibut landings to broad recreational experiences in the Alaska wilderness. I suggest queue and lottery type distribution mechanisms, combined with elements of traditional open access tools already common in fisheries, as possible resolutions to the delayed development of a charter halibut management plan.


identifier: Stevens, C.J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Stevens=3AC=2EJ=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2003) Lipid-based assessments of omnivory in Arctic copepods.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The lipid compositions of three dominant arctic copepods, Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis and Metridia longa, were used to deduce feeding strategy (i.e., degree of omnivory) and diet in the highly productive North Water Polynya during autumn. A quick way of processing lipid samples, well suited to fieldwork in remote regions, was tested against conventional methods. The quick method, in which copepods were frozen together and sorted later, provided accurate estimates of lipid classes in Calanus hyperboreus CV and fatty acids in Metridia Longa females. However, it was inappropriate for sensitive analyses of certain biomarkers in the former species and lipid classes in the latter. -- A new omnivory index, the unsaturation coefficient (UC), was tested during a long-term incubation with Calanus glacialis CV. The UC is the ratio between polyunsaturated and total wax ester (WE). The WE fraction of three arctic copepods split according to the degree of acyl lipid unsaturation during non-polar chromatographic development. UC and diatom biomarker levels decreased significantly after copepods were fed a bacterivorous dinoflagellate for three weeks. At the same time, proportions of the bacterial biomarker 18:1 (n-7) increased significantly. When copepods were reintroduced to a diatom diet, their lipid profiles reversed to a more herbivorous signature over a period of three weeks, characterized by higher UC levels. -- In several regions of the polynya, Metridia Longa females had significantly lower UC than Calanus hyperboreus CV and C. glacialis CV. M Longa contained high proportions of triacylglycerols, polar lipid and 18: 1 (n-9), and low relative amounts of WE, polyunsaturated fatty acids, 20:1(n-9) and 22:1(n-11). UC and previously established determinants of feeding strategy were in agreement and showed that M longa fed more onmivorously than the two Calanus species. Principal components analysis revealed that all three species were feeding onmivorously, to varying degrees, in the southeastern (SE) polynya. Copepods here contained low proportions of diatom, phytoplankton and herbivory indices and had low UC, as compared to those at northwestern stations (NW). Instead, copepods in the SE generally had elevated levels of carnivory, dinoflagellate and bacterial markers. Spatial patterns in seston lipids and other data indicated that the microbial loop was more active in the SE than in the NW.