title: Expanding Borders: Creating Latitude for Hungarian-Minority Autonomy within Transylvania, Romania, and a New Europe

contributor:
Rethmann, Petra
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This dissertation outlines the dynamic between the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians (DAHR) - the political party representing the Hungarian minority in Romania - and the state. This elite-based research locates itself directly within political theories of minority rights and attempts to deepen an understanding of how politics intersects with culture. Of theoretical import to this study is the tension created by certain cultural constituencies within a nation-state for recognition that might be politically codified. By outlining the political implications of recognizing territorially-based national minorities, this dissertation argues that minority claims and democratic consolidation are interrelated rather than competing processes.

Hungarian political discourse reveals contested notions of citizenship and belonging in Romania. Hungarian claims for autonomy within Romania are directed toward changing traditional bases of legitimacy based on ethnicity. Importantly, these claims for autonomy are framed explicitly as 'democratic claims'. At the heart of these discussions is an attempt to create a place for the Hungarian minority within rather than excluded from the Romanian state. To do so, however, requires that the terms of inclusion and exclusion in Romania be reconceived. Toward this end, the Hungarian minority situates their claims within the global processes already impacting state sovereignty in Romania. A discussion of autonomy is therefore simultaneously a discussion of the changing relations of power inflecting this sovereignty. By engaging international bodies, namely the European Union, Hungarian politicians have placed pressure on the state to devolve powers to the regions. The 'recognition' of Hungarian claims by international bodies has increased the legitimacy of these claims within Romania - highlighting how global forces can be used to further democratic goals within states.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Ultrastructural Examination of Type I and Type II Fibers from Human Vastus Lateralis Muscle

contributor:
MacDougall, J.D.
Adapted Human Biodynamics

subject: Adapted Human Biodynamics

abstract:
It is known that human skeletal muscle has several fiber types, each with a different metabolic and physiological profile. It is not known whether there are different ultrastructural characteristics within each fiber type which may account for the different contractile properties. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fiber type and ultrastructural characteristics.

Needle biopsies were obtained from the right vastus lateralis of five healthy males. According to the method described by Alway et al (1980), the tissue was prepared for electron microscopy and fiber types were identified based on their myoglobin content. Three non-overlapping electron micrographs were taken from the interior of each fiber under a Philips 300 electron microscope, and 50 type I and 50 type II fibers were examined from each subject. The constituents which were studied included: myofibrillar protein, mitochondria, cytoplasm, lipid and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Volume densities were calculated for each constituent by means of a l68-point counting technique from electron micrographs projected onto a screen.

The results indicated that type I fibers were significantly greater with respect to mitochondrial volume density and lipid volume. However type II fibers had significantly greater myofibrillar volume densities and sarcoplasmic reticulum volume density (by approximately twofold). Fiber areas were also greater in type II than type I fibers while myosin packing density did not differ between fiber types.

It was concluded that SR and myofibrillar protein ultrastructural differences between fiber types may be important factors in determining twitch contraction properties and tension production for type I and II fibers. Finally, differences in mitochondrial volume density may be important in determining fatiguability of fiber types.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Proof of Concept for Homomorphically Evaluating an Encrypted Assembly Language

contributor:
Soltys, Michael
Computer Science

subject:
homomorphic encryption
assembly language
implementation
proof of concept
circuit evaluation
simulating circuits

abstract: Fully homomorphic encryption allows computations to be made on encrypted data without decryption, while preserving data integrity. This feature is desirable in a variety of applications such as banking, search engine and database querying, and some cloud computing services. Despite not knowing the plaintext content of the data, a remote server performing the computation would still be aware of the functions being applied to the data. To address the issue, this thesis proposes a method of encrypting circuits and executing encrypted instructions, by combining fully homomorphic encryption and digital logic theory. We use the classic RISC Archtecture as a foundation of our work, and the result of our algorithm is essentially an encrypted programming language, where a remote server is capable of executing program code that was written and encrypted by a local client.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDIES OF THE FRUSTRATED ANTIFERROMAGNETIC PYROCHLORE SYSTEM Tb2Sn2-xTixO7

contributor:
Gaulin, Bruce
Physics and Astronomy

subject:
Condensed Matter Physics
Condensed Matter Physics

abstract:
The following dissertation shows the results of a series of inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore system Tb2Sn2-xTixO7 for x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2. Inelastic neutron scattering measurements were performed on the SEQUOIA direct geometry time-of-flight spectrometer at the Spallation Neutron Source of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For the two end members, x=0, Tb2Sn2O7 and x=2, Tb2Ti2O7 , they display related, but different exotic ground states, with Tb2Sn2O7 displaying “soft” spin ice order below T_N~0.87K, while Tb2Ti2O7 enters a glassy antiferromagnetic spin ice state below T_g~0.2K.

The first two chapters give a brief introduction to the physics of geometrically frustrated magnetism and neutron scattering. Chapter 3 studies the two end members Tb2Ti2O7 and Tb2Sn2O7 experimentally and theoretically. Inelastic neutron scattering measurements and appropriate crystal field calculations together probe the crystal field states associated with the J=6 states of Tb^3+ within the appropriate Fd3m pyrochlore environment. These crystal field states determine the size and anisotropy of the Tb^3+ magnetic moment in each material’s ground state, information that is an essential starting point for any description of the low temperature phase behavior and spin dynamics in Tb2Ti2O7 and Tb2Sn2O7. Chapter 4 treats neutron scattering, as well as accompanying AC magnetic susceptibility and muSR measurements performed by our collaborators on a series of solid solutions Tb2Sn2-xTixO7 showing a novel, dynamic spin liquid state for all x other than the end members x=0 and x=2. This state is the result of disorder in the low lying Tb^3+ crystal field environments which de-stabilizes the mechanism by which quantum fluctuations contribute to ground state selection in Tb2Sn2-xTixO7.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Sediments, Bedforms and Hydraulics in a Macrotidal Environment, Cobequid Bay (Bay of Fundy), Nova Scotia

contributor:
Middleton, G. V.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
Macrotidal environments, such as Cobequid Bay which has a mean tidal range of 11.7 m (maximum measured range of 16.3 m) near its mouth, are not uncommon in the world's coastal ocean. Such areas are, however, the least studied compared to other areas with smaller tidal ranges.

Cobequid Bay is a large, funnel-shaped estuary located at the head of the Bay of Fundy. The bay's waters are well-mixed due to the large tidal range and because river input is small compared to the tidal exchange. The morphology and distribution of sediments and bedforms is mainly the result of the tides. The bay is flanked by an intertidal bedrock platform that is either exposed or covered with a veneer of sediments. Suspended sediment concentrations are high (up to 2700 mg/l), but mudflats occur only in the small estuaries and bay. Sand deposition is localized in the centre of the bay as an intertidal to subtidal channel-bar complex. The sand bars are elongate features, 1 to 5 km long, asymmetrical in transverse section, oriented parallel to the currents, and covered with megaripples (length = 1-12 m) and sand waves (length = 10-30 m ). The bars are composed of well-sorted, medium-grianed sands that range from 5 to 15 m thick (decreasing in thickness and relief towards the head of the bay), and that are underlain by local accumulations (up to 10 m) of premodern (possibly Pleistocene) sediments and bedrock.

The tidal currents are semidiurnal, reversing and time-velocity asymmetrical. Maximum near bottom (0.5 m ) speeds ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 m/s over the bars, and up to 2.0 m/s in the channels. Flow durations averaged 4.5 and 3.5 h for the ebb and flood over the bars, and 7.0 and 5.5 h for the ebb and flood in the channels. Current strengths and durations decreased towards: the shore, the bar crests and the head of the bay. The ebb and flood are dominated by a high-water 'sheet-flow' and a low-water 'channel-flow' relative to the low water emergence of the bar crests. The currents flow across the bars at an oblique angle to the crestlines during the 'sheet-flow' phase. The strength, duration and asymmetry of the currents are controlled by topographic shielding on and by the bars, the different hydraulic geometries and hypsometries of the channels and the variation of tidal range during the lunar month. The gently sloping sides of the bars are flood-dominated and the steep sides are ebb-dominated.

The measured vertical velocity profiles indicate that velocities are proportional to the logarithm of the depth despite the presence of large bedforms and large depths of flow. Three types of velocity profile shape are related to the location of the measured vertical over the bedforms and to time during the tidal cycle.

Bedform scale, internal and external geometry, and net migration rates differ with sediment size, and flow strength, duration and asymmetry. Megaripples move faster (0.2 to 0.8 m/tidal cycle) than sand waves (0.1 to 0.3 m/tidal cycle), and become larger and more three-dimensional with increasing flow strength and duration. The sequence of bedform development (plane bed→ripples→sand waves→megaripples) with increasing flow strength on the bars is similar to that observed in flumes and other sedimentary environments. Seven different bedform facies are defined from the external morphology and scale of the intertidal bedforms on the bars and their areal distribution is described related to a typical macrotidal sand bar. Megaripples reverse their asymmetry during each ebb and flood, but sand waves do not. Most of the preserved sedimentary structures in the intertidal bedforms are flood-oriented and are from ripples and megaripples. Sets of cross-bedding are separated by 'reactivation surfaces' and surfaces of discontinuity, and "herringbone cross-bedding" is uncommon.

The flow friction factor changes during the tidal cycle with different stages of bedform development and reversal, and suspended sediment concentrations. The friction factor at the time of maximum ebb speeds varies from about 0.032 for small megaripples to 0.050 for larger megaripples.

In winter, the presence of the frozen crust and the grounding of drift ice on the bars effectively stops the development of large bedforms, and obliterates or reduces the size of the bedforms from the summer.

The asymmetry of the currents results in the residual circulation of currents and sediment around the bars, or parts of the bars, within closed, or nearly closed, "elliptical loops." Coriolis effects are unimportant with respect to the pattern of general circulation within the bay which resembles a large "ebb tidal delta." The general properties of the sediments, bedforms and current hydraulics of the sand-body complex in Cobequid Bay are similar to those of other tidal environments, despite dissimilarities of tidal range and the scale, relief and topographic complexity of the elongate sand bars in a macrotidal environment.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Theory and Measurement in the Study of Medical Practice Variation

contributor:
Gafni, Amiram
Norman, Geoffrey
Watter, Scott
Health Research Methodology

subject:
Medical Practice Variations
Healthcare Use
Unwarranted Variation
Social Context
Health Services Research
Health Services Research

abstract:
Variations in the rate of use of health care services (a.k.a. medical practice variations) have been described in the literature for over eighty years. The literature suggests three general sources of variation: patients, physicians, and environment. The relative influence of these sources and the specific mechanisms that produce observed variations are not well understood. This thesis presents four studies that identify and examine methodological issues that preclude our ability to understand the variation phenomenon.

It is commonly believed that the physician is in part responsible for observed variation in health care services use. However, determining the influence of the physician in this regard is problematic, as it is difficult to isolate the effect of the physician from that of the patient and environment (including available resources). The first study presented in this thesis suggests there is meaningful variation in treatment recommendations between physicians working in a common environment, even after controlling for important patient clinical characteristics. Next, I present an experiment that suggests that factors related to the patient’s unique social context might influence how the physician intends to manage a patient’s care. As variations studies do not measure or adjust for social context, this might indicate an important methodological limitation of those studies if indeed context is an important (and justifiable) determinant of what care the patient will receive.

Not all variation is necessarily bad. The third study I present explores how previous researchers discriminate between warranted and unwarranted variation. This study indicates that few researchers explicitly do so, and that a clear, consistent, and functional definition of unwarranted variation is lacking – a feature that potentially limits the interpretation of study results. The final study argues that traditional methods for examining regional variations are inadequate for informing health care managers because they examine variation in health care service use rather than needs.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Aspect-Oriented Product Family Modeling

contributor:
Khedri, Ridha
Computing and Software

subject:
Aspect-Oriented Paradigm
Feature Modeling
Product Family Algebra
Formal Methods
Other Computer Engineering
Other Computer Engineering

abstract:
The set of related products is referred to as a product family, and feature-modeling is a widely used technique to capture the commonalities and variabilities of a product family in terms of "features". With the growing complexity of software product families in several software industries, the development, maintenance and evolution of complex and large feature models are among the main challenges faced by feature-modeling practitioners. In particular, more sophisticated feature-modeling techniques are required to address the problems caused by unanticipated changes and crosscutting concerns in feature models.

This thesis tackles the above challenges in feature-modeling by adopting the aspect-oriented paradigm at the feature-modeling level. I first introduce a specification language, called AO-PFA, which is an extension of the Product Family Algebra (PFA) language. I then proposed a formal verification technique to check the compatibility of aspects with their base specifications in AO-PFA. In the aspect-oriented paradigm, the process of combining aspects with base specifications is referred to as the weaving process. I finally discussed how to perform the weaving process in AO-PFA. By proposing a systematic approach to extend product family algebra with the abilities of specifying, verifying, and weaving aspects, we are able to handle the difficulties that arise from crosscutting concerns and unanticipated changes in large-scale feature models.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Analysis of Deformation and Failure in Aluminum Tube under Internal Pressure

contributor:
Wu, P.D.
Mechanical Engineering

subject: Finite element; Instability; Necking; Surface roughening; Crystal Plasticity; Texture; Hydroforming; Aluminum alloy

subject: Mechanical Engineering

subject: Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
Abstract

The objective of this research is to develop an understanding of the mechanical behavior, failure and microstructure evolution of aluminum tubes under internal pressure loading, and to delineate the physical and mechanical origins of spatially-localized plastic deformation. Traditional approaches to the study of plastic instabilities, necking and failure have either been based on kinematic considerations, such as finite strain effects and geometric softening, or physics-based concepts. In this study, we develop a framework that combines both approaches to investigate the tube deformation and failure behavior at various loading conditions.

A rate-dependent dislocation-based MTS model has been developed to study the tube hydro-forming process at high temperatures and at various strain rates. The development and application of the MTS model led to an advanced industrial application of PRF bottle forming, which has been fully investigated. This simulation shows a good agreement between experimental results and prediction. The model has been used extensively throughout the PRF bottle development, with several patent applications.

The crystal plasticity based finite element model is selected to simulate surface roughening and localized necking in aluminum alloy tubes under internal pressure. The measured electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data are directly incorporated into the finite element model and the constitutive response at an integration point is described by the single crystal plasticity theory. The effects of the spatial grain orientation distribution, strain rate sensitivity, work hardening, and initial surface topography on surface roughening and necking are discussed. It is demonstrated that while localized necking is very sensitive to both the initial texture and its spatial orientation distribution, the initial surface topography has only a small influence on necking, but a large influence on surface roughness of the formed product.

An elastic-viscoplastic based finite element model has been developed to study the necking behavior of tube expansion for rate dependent monolithic materials and laminated materials during dynamic loading. Numerical study shows that a high strain rate sensitivity can significantly delay the onset of necking for both monolithic and laminated sheets, and affect the multiple-neck formation in high speed dynamic loading. The model also shows that higher volume fractions of a clad layer with positive rate sensitivity material in laminated sheet could improve the sheet ductility as well.

A commercial FE package, ABAQUS, is employed as a finite element method solver in this research work, and several user subroutines were developed to model various hydro-forming processes. Interfaces between the ABAQUS user subroutine UMAT and the ABAQUS main code are developed to allow further extension of the current method.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Formalizing Combinatorial Matrix Theory

contributor:
Soltys, Michael
Computing and Software

subject:
Proof Complexity
Min-Max principle
LA
VTC^0
K{\"o}nig's Min-Max theorem
Theory and Algorithms
Theory and Algorithms

abstract:
In this thesis we are concerned with the complexity of formalizing reasoning in Combinatorial Matrix Theory (CMT). We are interested in the strength of the bounded arithmetic theories necessary in order to prove the fundamental results of this field. Bounded Arithmetic can be seen as the uniform counterpart of Propositional Proof Complexity.

Perhaps the most famous and fundamental theorem in CMT is the K{\"o}nig's Min-Max Theorem $(\KMM)$ which arises naturally in all areas of combinatorial algorithms. As far as we know, in this thesis we give the first feasible proof of $\KMM$. Our results show that Min-Max reasoning can be formalized with uniform Extended Frege.

We show, by introducing new proof techniques, that the first order theory $\LA$ with induction restricted to $\Sigma_1^B$ formulas---i.e., restricted to bounded existential matrix quantification---is sufficient to formalize a large portion of CMT, in particular $\KMM$. $\Sigma_1^B$-$\LA$ corresponds to polynomial time reasoning, also known as $\ELA$.

While we consider matrices over $\{0,1\}$, the underlying ring is $\mathbb{Z}$, since we require that $\Sigma A$ compute the number of 1s in the matrix $A$ (which for a 0-1 matrix is simply the sum of all entries---meaning $\Sigma A$). Thus, over $\mathbb{Z}$, $\LA$ translates to $\TC^0$-Frege, while, as mentioned before, $\ELA$ translates into Extended Frege.

In order to prove $\KMM$ in $\ELA$, we need to restrict induction to $\Sigma_1^B$ formulas. The main technical contribution is presented in Claim~4.3.4, ~Section~4.3.3. Basically, we introduce a polynomial time procedure, whose proof of correctness can be shown with $\ELA$, that works as follow: given a matrix of size $e \times f$ such that $e\leq f$, where the minimum cover is of size $e$, our procedure computes a maximum selection of size $e$, row by row.

Furthermore, we show that Menger's Theorem, Hall's Theorem, and Dilworth's Theorem---theorems related to $\KMM$---can also be proven feasibly; in fact, all these theorems are equivalent to KMM, and the equivalence can be shown in $\LA$. We believe that this captures the proof complexity of Min-Max reasoning rather completely.

We also present a new Permutation-Based algorithm for computing a Minimum Vertex Cover from a Maximum Matching in a bipartite graph. Our algorithm is linear-time and computationally very simple: it permutes the rows and columns of the matrix representation of the bipartite graph in order to extract the vertex cover from a maximum matching in a recursive fashion. Our Permutation-Based algorithm uses properties of $\KMM$ Theorem and it is interesting for providing a new permutation---and CMT---perspective on a well-known problem.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Improving Scheduling in Heterogeneous Grid and Hadoop Systems

contributor:
Down, Douglas G.
Alan Wassyng, Franek Frantisek
Computing and Software

subject:
Grid Computing
Data Grids
Grid Scheduling
Shadow Routing Approach
Cloud Computing
Hadoop System
Heterogeneous Hadoop
Scalable Hadoop
Hadoop Scheduling
Other Engineering
Other Engineering

abstract:
Advances in network technologies and computing resources have led to the deployment of large scale computational systems, such as those following Grid or Cloud architectures. The scheduling problem is a significant issue in these distributed computing environments, where a scheduling algorithm should consider multiple objectives and performance metrics. Moreover, heterogeneity is increasing at both the application and resource levels. The heterogeneity in these systems can have a huge impact on performance in terms of metrics such as average completion time. However, traditional Grid and Cloud scheduling algorithms neglect heterogeneity in their scheduling decisions. This PhD dissertation studies the scheduling challenges in Computational Grid, Data Grid, and Cloud computing systems, and introduces new scheduling algorithms for each of these systems.

The main issue in Grid scheduling is the wide distribution of resources. As a result, gathering full state information can add huge overhead to the scheduler. This thesis introduces a Computational Grid scheduling algorithm which simultaneously addresses minimizing completion times (by considering system heterogeneity), while requiring zero dynamic state information. Simulation results show the promising performance of this algorithm, and its robustness with respect to errors in parameter estimates.

In the case of Data Grid schedulers, an efficient scheduling decision should select a combination of resources for a task that simultaneously mitigates the computation and the communication costs. Therefore, these schedulers need to consider a large search space to find an appropriate combination. This thesis introduces a new Data Grid scheduling algorithm, which dynamically makes replication and scheduling decisions. The proposed algorithm reduces the search space, decreases the required state information, and improves the performance by considering the system heterogeneity. Simulation results illustrate the promising performance of the introduced algorithm.

Cloud computing can be considered as a next generation of Grid computing. One of the main challenges in Cloud systems is the enormous expansion of data in different applications. The MapReduce programming model and Hadoop framework were designed as a solution for executing large scale data-intensive applications. A large number of (heterogeneous) users, using the same Hadoop cluster, can result in tensions between the various performance metrics by which such systems are measured. This research introduces and implements a Hadoop scheduling system, which uses system information such as estimated job arrival rates and mean job execution times to make scheduling decisions. The proposed scheduling system, named COSHH (Classification and Optimization based Scheduler for Heterogeneous Hadoop systems), considers heterogeneity at both the application and cluster levels. The main objective of COSHH is to improve the average completion time of jobs. However, as it is concerned with other key Hadoop performance metrics, it also achieves competitive performance under minimum share satisfaction, fairness and locality metrics, with respect to other well-known Hadoop schedulers. The proposed scheduler can be efficiently applied in heterogeneous clusters, in contrast to most Hadoop schedulers, which assume homogeneous clusters.

A Hadoop system can be described based on three factors: cluster, workload, and user. Each factor is either heterogeneous or homogeneous, which reflects the heterogeneity level of the Hadoop system. This PhD research studies the effect of heterogeneity in each of these factors on the performance of Hadoop schedulers. Three schedulers which consider different levels of Hadoop heterogeneity are used for the analysis: FIFO, Fair sharing, and COSHH. Performance issues are introduced for Hadoop schedulers, and experiments are provided to evaluate these issues. The reported results suggest guidelines for selecting an appropriate scheduler for different Hadoop systems. The focus of these guidelines is on systems which do not have significant fluctuations in the number of resources or jobs.

There is a considerable challenge in Hadoop to schedule tasks and resources in a scalable manner. Moreover, the potential heterogeneous nature of deployed Hadoop systems tends to increase this challenge. This thesis analyzes the performance of widely used Hadoop schedulers including FIFO and Fair sharing and compares them with the COSHH scheduler. Based on the discussed insights, a hybrid solution is introduced, which selects appropriate scheduling algorithms for scalable and heterogeneous Hadoop systems with respect to the number of incoming jobs and available resources. The proposed hybrid scheduler considers the guidelines provided for heterogeneous Hadoop systems in the case that the number of jobs and resources change considerably.

To improve the performance of high priority users, Hadoop guarantees minimum numbers of resource shares for these users at each point in time. This research compares different scheduling algorithms based on minimum share consideration and under different heterogeneous and homogeneous environments. For this evaluation, a real Hadoop system is developed and evaluated using Facebook workloads. Based on the experiments performed, a reliable scheduling algorithm is suggested which can work efficiently in different environments.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Monaural and Binaural Response Properties of Duration-Tuned Neurons in the Big Brown Bat

contributor: Deda Gillespie, Hong-Jin Sun, Laurel J. Trainor

subject:
Auditory Physiology
Inferior Colliculus
Electrophysiology
Temporal Processing
Duration Tuning
Echolocation
Systems Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience

abstract: Neurons throughout the auditory pathway respond selectively to the frequency and amplitude of sound. In the auditory midbrain there exists a class of neurons that are also selective to the duration of sound. These duration-tuned neurons (DTNs) provide a potential neural mechanism underlying temporal processing in the central nervous system. Temporal processing is necessary for human speech, discriminating species-specific acoustic signals as well as echolocation. This dissertation aims to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of DTNs through single-unit in vivo electrophysiological recordings in the auditory midbrain of the big brown bat. The durations that DTNs are selective to in echolocating and non-echolocating species are first compared to the durations of each species vocalizations. This comparison reveals that the durations DTNs respond best to correlates to the durations of echolocation calls in echolocating species and to species-specific communication calls in non-echolocating species. The ability of DTNs in the bat to respond to stimulus parameters thought to be important for echolocation processing, such as pairs of pulses and binaural sound localization cues, are subsequently tested. The responses of DTNs to a paired tone spike suppressing paradigm presented monaurally and binaurally are also compared to characterize the role each ear plays in recruiting inhibition known to be involved in duration tuning. The results show that DTNs are able to respond to pairs of pulses at a timescale relevant to bat echolocation, and a majority also responded selectively to binaural sound localizing cues. Nearly half (48%) of DTNs did not show spike suppression to an ipsilaterally presented suppressing tone. When ipsilaterally evoked spike suppression occurred, the effect was significantly smaller than the suppression evoked by a contralateral suppressing tone. These findings provide evidence that DTNs may play a role in echolocation in bats as DTNs are able to respond to the outgoing pulse and returning echoes and localize the echo source and that the neural mechanism underlying duration tuning is monaural in nature.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: "This typical old Canadian form of racial and religious hate": Anti-Catholicism and English Canadian Nationalism, 1905-1965

contributor:
Gauvreau, Michael
Heathorn, Stephen
Horn, Martin
History

subject:
Anti-Catholicism
Canadian nationalism
intellectual history
French-English relations in Canada
Britishness
Protestantism as identity
History of Religion
Intellectual History
Political History
History of Religion

abstract: I examine the central influence of anti-Catholicism upon the construction of English Canadian nationalism during the first half of the twentieth century. Anti-Catholicism provided an existing rhetorical and ideological tradition and framework within which public figures and other Canadians communicated their diverse visions of an ideal Canada. The study of anti-Catholicism problematizes the rigid separation that many scholars have posited between a conservative ethnic nationalism and a progressive civic nationalism. Often times these very civic values were inextricable from a context of Britishness. Hostility to Catholicism was not limited only to the staunchly Anglophile Conservative party; indeed the importance of anti-Catholicism as a component of Canadian nationalism lies in its presence across the political and intellectual spectrum. Catholicism was perceived to inculcate values antithetical to British traditions. It was a medieval faith that stunted the “natural” development of its adherents, preventing them from becoming responsible citizens in a modern democracy. The concentration of Catholicism in Quebec further inflamed many in Canada who saw French Canadian Catholics as anachronistic barriers to a united, democratic and modern Canada.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THE ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS TOOLS TO INFORM HEALTHCARE DECISION MAKING

contributor: Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics

subject: systems analysis

subject: computer simulation

subject: decision making

subject: resource utilization

subject: epilepsy

subject: emergency medicine

subject: Emergency Medicine

subject: Health Policy

subject: Health Services Research

subject: Neurology

subject: Other Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

subject: Emergency Medicine

abstract:
Background and Objectives: Tools designed for systems analysis (SA) can link the different levels of healthcare by modeling the interacting, interrelated and interdependent components. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the use of discrete event simulation (DES) to help inform decision making.

Methods:

Project 1: A new method is developed in which physicians and their delegates are modeled using DES as interacting pseudo-agents when simulating a hospital emergency department (ED).

Project 2: Using a SA approach, we examined the referral patterns, healthcare utilization, time intervals and patient flow to identify rate limiting steps that may lead to delayed surgical candidacy and epilepsy surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in Toronto, Ontario.

Project 3: A DES model was developed of the surgical evaluation and surgery process and its associated constraints at SickKids to inform decision making at both the institutional and provincial levels. Once validated, the model was used to evaluate the effect of alternative resource capacities on waiting times.

Results:

Project 1: Neglecting the interaction between physician and delegates in the ED could result in misleading conclusions with respect to physician utilization and waiting times.

Project 2: We found that only 5.7% of the eligible population was referred annually for surgical evaluation and that children waited on average 1-2 years for surgery. Through mapping of patient flow and resource utilization we were able to identify multiple barriers to surgery.

Project 3: The findings support the recommendations to the province by directing requested funds to identified resources that would decrease waiting times.

Conclusions: SA tools can be used to make decisions that are generalizable to all levels of healthcare. Adopting the use of these tools increases the uptake of evidence in decision making and provides useful and critical information to develop comprehensive policies for improved healthcare.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Power of a Paradox: the Ancient and Contemporary Liar

contributor:
Hitchcock, David
Griffin, Nicholas
Arthur, Richard
Philosophy

subject:
Liar paradox
Eubulides
Tarski's hierarchy of languages
Revenge of the liar
Paradox of the stone
Dialetheist solution
History of Philosophy
Logic and foundations of mathematics
Metaphysics
Philosophy of Language
History of Philosophy

abstract: This sentence is whatever truth is not. The subject of this master’s thesis is the power, influence, and solvability of the liar paradox. This paradox can be constructed through the application of a standard conception of truth and rules of inference are applied to sentences such as the first sentence of this abstract. The liar has been a powerful problem of philosophy for thousands of years, from its ancient origin (examined in Chapter One) to a particularly intensive period in the twentieth century featuring many ingenious but ultimately unsuccessful solutions from brilliant logicians, mathematicians and philosophers (examined in Chapter Two, Chapter Three, and Chapter Four). Most of these solutions were unsuccessful because of a recurring problem known as the liar’s revenge; whatever truth is not includes, as it turns out, not just falsity, but also meaninglessness, ungroundedness, gappyness, and so on. The aim of this master’s thesis is to prove that we should not consign ourselves to the admission that the liar is and always will just be a paradox, and thus unsolvable. Rather, I argue that the liar is solvable; I propose and defend a novel solution which is examined in detail in the latter half of Chapter Two, and throughout Chapter Three. The alternative solution I examine and endorse (in Chapter Four) is not my own, owing its origin and energetic support to Graham Priest. I argue, however, for a more qualified version of Priest’s solution. I show that, even if we accept a very select few true contradictions, it should not be assumed that inconsistency inevitably spreads throughout other sets of sentences used to describe everyday phenomena such as motion, change, and vague predicates in the empirical world.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Accidental Supersymmetry and the Naturalness of Codimension-2 Branes

contributor:
Burgess, Cliff
Physics

subject: Large Extra Dimensions

subject: Supersymmetry

subject: Dark Energy

subject: Technical Naturalness

subject: Extra Gauge Bosons

subject: Elementary Particles and Fields and String Theory

abstract: This thesis addresses two separate naturalness issues which generically come to bear on physical theories with large extra dimensions, and so a gravity scale much lower than the Planck scale. The first is related to the observed stability of the proton, wherein we determine the relevant constraints on an additional gauge boson which conserves baryon number. Although several such proposals have been previously considered, our analysis is distinctive in its interest in lighter gauge boson masses (which naturally arise in such models), and in its focus on the dependence of constraints due to kinetic mixing effects. The second is related to the main purpose of large extra dimensions---namely, to address the smallness of the observed vacuum energy---wherein we compute the leading-order quantum corrections to the four-dimensional (4D) vacuum energy resulting from loops of extra-dimensional fields. We compute the contributions from bulk scalars (spin 0), fermions (spin 1/2), and gauge fields (spin 1) in a flux-stabilized, spheroidal extra-dimensional geometry whose rugby-ball shape is due to two codimension-2 branes---one at each pole. (We also obtain the corresponding beta functions for both bulk and brane operators.) These results are then combined to obtain the net contribution from various multiplets in the context of a particular supersymmetric extra-dimensional model that has been shown to give a vanishing result for the 4D vacuum energy at the classical level. Surprisingly, we find that supersymmetry can be preserved dynamically at one loop in the case of identical branes, without arranging any particular relationship between the brane parameters. Perturbing away from the case of identical branes is shown to give a positive 1-loop contribution to the 4D vacuum energy whose size is set by the radius of the extra dimensions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: TRACE METAL BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF FRESHWATER FLOC

contributor:
Warren, Lesley A
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Biogeochemistry
Floc
Sediments
Trace Metals
Biogeochemistry
Geochemistry
Biogeochemistry

abstract:
Water-quality in freshwater ecosystems is linked to metal contaminant sequestration and transport by suspended aquatic floc. This doctoral thesis investigates the combined microscale biogeochemical processes as well as macroscale hydrodynamic mechanisms controlling trace metal dynamics of freshwater floc, through comparative assessments of floc versus bottom bed sediment metal(loid) (Ag, As, Co, Cu, Ni and Pb) sequestration/mobilization across aquatic ecosystems ranging in physico-chemistry (e.g. pH, organic carbon, Fe/trace metal concentrations) in the Boreal Forest Region of Ontario and under variable energy-regimes (i.e. calm, windy, prolonged-storm) in a shallow wave-dominated urban beach in Lake Ontario, Canada.

The results establish differential biogeochemical controls in suspended floc versus bed sediments influencing the abundance, reactivity and type of Fe minerals affecting trace metal abundance and solid-phase partitioning patterns between these two compartments. Specifically, this work demonstrates a microbial underpinning to floc collection of amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides (FeOOH) controlling floc metal sorption, retention and overall metal concentrations that are significantly greater in suspended floc than bed sediment. In contrast, crystalline Fe oxides (FeOx) dominate sediment metal retention, due to reductive dissolution and/or mineral aging of FeOOH, where sediment solid-solution metal partitioning is more influenced by system physico-chemistry (i.e pH). Further, rapid fluctuations in energy regime influencing re-suspension/settling of floc and sediment (i.e. surficial fine-grained lamina (SFGL) versus underlying consolidated sediments) result in temporal and spatial hydrodynamic-dependent mixing of Fe mineral phases, altering metal abundance and solid-phase metal partitioning in each compartment.

Collectively, findings of this innovative integrated thesis work provide new understanding of the physical and biogeochemical controls on Fe cycling/mineral transformations between floc and bed sediments, ultimately affecting trace metal iv behaviour between these compartments and fate in freshwater environments. This insight has important implications for policy development in improving risk management of aquatic systems under varying physico-chemical and hydrodynamic conditions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: THREE ESSAYS IN EMPIRICAL CORPORATE FINANCE

contributor:
Sarkar, Sudipto
Jiaping Qiu; Trevor Chamberlain
Business

subject:
Empirical Corporate Finance
Cash Holdings
Dividend Policy
Regulation
Information Asymmetry
Finance and Financial Management
Finance and Financial Management

abstract:
This thesis explores the following three important issues in the field of corporate finance: window dressing in corporate cash holdings, market effects of SEC regulation of short-term borrowing disclosure and market response to dividend change announcements by unregulated versus regulated firms.

First, I find strong evidence of upward window dressing in cash holdings by U.S. industrial firms during the fourth fiscal quarter. This behavior is robust to several controls and a December year-end dummy. Further cross-sectional analysis reveals that the window dressing is sensitive to firm size and level of information asymmetry. I also find that firms manipulate discretionary accruals to dress up fourth quarter cash, perhaps to gain favourable credit terms on issuing short-term debt.

Second, I use portfolios of financial and non-financial SEC registrants to examine the market reaction to proposed SEC short-term borrowing disclosure regulation. Using event study methodology, I find that the market reaction is positive and significant at the announcement date and negative and significant at the voting date. Overall, I observe a positive market reaction, indicating the usefulness of the disclosure from the vantage point of users. The results for various subsets confirm the expectations and suggest that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to regulation is undesirable.

Finally, I use large samples of dividend increase and decrease announcements for the period 1960 to 2010 in order to compare stock price reactions of unregulated and regulated firms. I observe a stronger market reaction to the dividend increase announcements of unregulated firms compared to those of regulated firms after controlling for firm characteristics, market factors and contemporaneous earnings announcements, a result consistent with the dividend signaling hypothesis and uniqueness argument for regulated firms. However, I find that the market reaction to dividend decrease announcements is similar for unregulated and regulated firms. The cross-sectional analysis further confirms that the stronger stock price reaction to dividend increase announcements of unregulated firms is associated with the level of information asymmetry.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Conversion of the RISS Database System for Microcomputer Use

contributor:
Archer, Norman P.
Computation

subject:
Computation
Other Computer Sciences
Other Computer Sciences

abstract:
The RISS (Relational Inquiry and Storage System) data base management system was first implemented at Forest Hospital in Des Plaines, Illinois. It was originally written in BASIC-PLUS to run under the RSTS/E operating system on a DEC PDP-II minicomputer. The RISS system used the relational data base structure because of its basic simplicity and because of the ease with which new relations may be added to the data base without disturbing existing applications.

The aim of this project was to convert the existing RISS software from BASIC-PLUS to CBASIC-2 to run on the Dynabyte microcomputer under the CP/M operating system, for use in the McMaster University Faculty of Business. A simple application program was also developed to demonstrate the converted RISS system.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Composite Open-Web Trusses with Metal Cellular Floor

contributor:
Robinson, H.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract: Tests on six composite open-web steel joists and concrete slabs with ribbed metal decking are described. The joists spanned 50 ft. and were loaded by two symmetrical point loads. Different types of shear connectors and different degrees of connection were used. Tests results are shown and compared with analytical results obtained from elastic theories. An ultimate strength design method is proposed.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: An investigation of the structures of SF₄.BF₃and some related compounds, by means of F¹⁸ tracer studies and infra-red and F¹⁹ N.M.R. spectroscopy

contributor:
Gillespie, R. J.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Investigation Into The Communication Management System (COMS)

contributor:
Solntseff, Nicholas
Computation

abstract: This report is concerned with an investigation into a software system designed to allow effect utilization of FORTRAN application programs from a library. The components of this system consist of an interpreter program to manipulate character strings and provide overall control, an evaluator program to carry out operations on numeric data and to provide for the calling of library programs, and an associative memory to store and retrieve facts about the environment or field of study in which the system is being used. Details involving how to use each component and how each component works are discussed. Possible improvements to the system and the relationship of the system to the field of control structures are also considered. The implementation of the system is discussed and this leads to an examination of the algorithms used in the operation of the system. Control is easily maintained so systems constructed from the components may be modified or extended by any user. Thus, these components form a basis for a class of extendable systems.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Design Optimization of Coke Pusher Ram

contributor:
Siddall, J. N.
Mechanical Design

subject:
Mechanical Design
Applied Mechanics
Computer-Aided Engineering and Design
Mechanical Engineering
Applied Mechanics

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: A study of the organic phosphate fraction of human urine

subject: Chemistry

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Lire les pièces de Yasmina Reza

contributor:
Pocknell, B.
French

subject: French and Francophone Language and Literature

abstract: L'analyse d'un texte dramatique exige deux lectures, complétant l'une l'autre: la lecture horizontale qui suit Ie devéloppement de l'action, et la lecture verticale, qui se concentre sur la fragmentation du texte, sa spatialité et sa structure. Pour effectuer la lecture horizontale nous nous sommes servi de la classification des personnages de Philippe Hamon; pour la lecture verticale nous avons recours à la méthode d'Anne Ubersfeld qui permet de creer Ie schema general du developpement des conflits. En analysant les quatre pieces de Yasmina Reza, nous avons constaté l'importance des éléments qui les constituent (les personnages, les objets, Ie discours, l'espace et Ie temps) ainsi que la présence des éléments autobiographiques que la dramaturge communique atravers ses héros. La brièveté de ses pièces, la simplicité du décor, Ie nombre limité des personnages et l'importance des objets du quotidien permet de voir une ressemblance entre I'écriture de Yasmina Reza et celle du theatre minimaliste.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An electrochemical study of the slag-metal systems : SiO₂-CaO-MgO, Fe-Si and SiO₂-CaO, Fe-C-Si

contributor:
Ward, R. G.
Lu, W-K.
Metallurgy

subject: Metallurgy Metallurgy

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Determinants of Canada's South African Policy (1968 to 1984)

contributor:
Nossal, Kim R.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
An examination of the Trudeau government's rhetoric, United Nations activity, and economic relations with South Africa reveals that the government's South African policy was twofold in nature. From 1968 to 1984, the Canadian government consistently condemned South Africa's apartheid system. Nonetheless, it was unwilling to enact policies that would aid in the destruction of that system.

How can we account for the government's unwillingness to bring rhetoric in line with reality? In other words, what determinants influenced the government's South African policy? The hypothesis of this thesis is that while Canada's economic interests in South Africa were not unimportant, they were not the overriding determinant in the formulation of Canada's South African policy. Consequently, it will be demonstrated that South Africa's strategic and economic importance to the West was the most significant determining factor in shaping Canada's policy toward that country. Because of the obligations of the NATO alliance and the array of socio-economic, cultural and traditional links between Canada and its Western allies, notably the United States and Britain. the Trudeau government was not willing to undertake unilateral policies that would have impinged on the interests of its allies. By adopting this approach. the government avoided possible economic or political repercussions that might have resulted if the Canadian government adopted concrete unilateral initiatives. In order to circumvent these parameters. the government preferred to act in multilateral forums. Within these bodies the government could comfortably initiate policies knowing that it was not acting alone and thereby avoided the potential anger of those countries with more substantive interests in South Africa.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Petrology and Geochemistry of the Quartz Pebble Conglomerate of the Geco Massive Sulphide Deposit at Manitouwadge, Ontario

contributor:
Burley, B.J.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract: Bachelor of Science (BSc)


title: Farmers, Merchants and Priests: The Rise of the Agrarian Petty-Bourgeoisie in Ireland, 1850-85

contributor:
Sheriff, P.E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
While traditional modes of historical analysis of Irish development have justly focussed upon the national question. on the contradiction between the British Empire and the Irish nation. equally important questions of the development of class struggles within the Irish nation have tended to be obscured. This study seeks to redress the balance by examining the internal forces which determined the ultimate shape of the truncated, partitioned independence achieved in 1921.

The fundamental axis of this work can be simply stated. The principal motive force in social development is class conflict. the complex interplay of class contradictions which comprises the systematic framework of a given mode of production. In Ireland, the determinant class struggles in the nineteenth century were the Great Famine of 1848-50 and the Land War of 1879-82. These two events served as the temporal and systematic limits of the crucial formative period for the agrarian petty-bourgeoisie, a class consisting of strong farmers. rural merchants and businessmen ..nd Catholic clergy. Both Famine and Land War represented significant victories for the agrarian petty-bourgeoisie. The first opened the way for them., clearing the social and economic ground for the consolidation of their economic strength; the second allowed them to translate economic strengths into social and political power.

The Great Famine was neither the result of divine intervention nor the outcome of British malice. It was more systenlatic -the outcome and resolution of the concrete class contradictions which characterised the tillage system, the predominant form of agriculture in the pre-Famine period. That system appeared as the contrast between commercial production of grain and f!lubsistence cultivation of potatoes. The lynch-pin was the "potato-nexus ", the primary economic form of the exploitation of the cottier-proletariat, upon whose labour depended the commercial output of corn. Around this potato-nexus clustered a set of distinctive features of pre-Famine rural society rapid population growth, increasing immiseration, structural unemployment, and the progressive alienation and subdivision of the land by middlemen, tenant-farmers and cottiers. The land was the fundamental condition of production in pre-eminently agrarian economy; not surprisingly, therefore, it was the source of the most important class struggles throughout the nineteenth century.

The potato blight destroyed the foundations of the tillage system; starvation and emigration drastically reduced the agricultural labour force; and the repeal of the Corn Laws quickly altered the central economic incentive for Irish agriculture. The Famine effected a rapid and decisive transformation in the rural class structure. Subdivision was halted; farms became larger and more viable; the population fell steadily, reducing the pressure on the land; and a consistently rising market for animal products brought the key productive force, the strong farmers, into the foreground. Within two decades, Irish agriculture became relatively highly capitalised, as these farmers increased their livestock holdings. The boom during the quartercentury after the Famine generated a distinctive agrarian capitalism. Agriculture became almost entirely commercial; most transactions became monetarised. As the range and quantity of goods on offer and in demand increased, a burgeoning mercantile petty-bourgeoisie arose alongside the farmers. The great failing of the period, however, was the absence of the industrial development which might have absorbed the surplus labour generated by the rising organic composition of capital in agriculture.

The translation of economic strength into social and political power is not an automatic process. The second half of this study traces the development of the hegemony of the agrarian petty-bourgeoisie within the Irish nation. The basic force in the process was the Catholic Church. The distinctive Puritanism of Irish Catholicism may be defined as the moral boundaries of the world-view of the rising class. Nor was religion and national identification the only bond, for priests, farmers and merchants were also linked by financial and personal ties.

Economic strength, moral authority and political power were tested in the most important arena: the material conflicts for control over the means of production (the Land War) and the subsequent political contest for representation of the Irish nation in the imperial parliament and in local administration. Under the banners of the Land League and Home Rule, a national united front was forged. Led by Parnell, this movement simultaneously reflected and engendered a qualitative advance in the maturity of the agrarian petty-bourgeoisie. In the early 1880s, the Irish farmers, merchants and priests established their claim to rule society, in the interests of the agrarian petty-bourgeoisie but in the name of the whole nation.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Les descriptions vestimentaires dans trois romans de Zola: La Curée, Nana, et au Bondeur des Dames

contributor:
Morgan, Owen
French

subject: French

subject: French Linguistics

subject: Other French and Francophone Language and Literature

subject: French Linguistics

abstract: [missing page 1]

abstract: In La Curée, Nana, and Au Bonheur des Dames, from Émile ZoIa's Rougon MacQuart series, dress and undress are essential to the narrative. We will show that descriptions of clothing serve not only an ornemental but also a functional role. The descriptions, through symbolism and metaphor, repeatedly underline the central themes of the novel. The staging of a grand spectacle is the link between the novels and the consequent notions of illusion and reality are expressed through descriptions of clothing. In La Curée a man's status and power is reflected by the beauty of his wife's shoulders and the depth ofher plunging neckline. We witness the downfaU of Renée, the Parisian doll, whose glorious and extravagant gowns are seen as a false reflection of her husband's success. Externally, Nana is the personnification of sex, and internally she is filth which oozes to the surface, symbolically staining her gowns in a fitting metaphor for the Second Empire. Fabric and clothing permeate aIl aspects of the grand department store, the Bonheur des Dames, where clothing reveals the feelings and exposes the strengths and weaknessess of the characters just as the merchandise, from coats to corsets, is displayed for all to see. AlI is laid bare in a frenzy of dress and undress and clothing in these novels symbolizes, above all, the excess of the Second Empire.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: NMR Studies of Some Simple Acyl Fluorides

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
<p>[Missing page 42]</p>
Master of Science (MSc)


title: NMR Studies of Carbonium Ions in Superacid Media

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: La fonction narrative du regard dans trois romans de Zola

subject: French

subject: French Linguistics

abstract: [missing page 1]

abstract: Dans notre étude, nous nous concentrons sur le jeu des regards masculin et féminin, c'est-à-dire la relation regardant/regardée, pour en étudier la fonction narrative. C'est avant tout au jeu des regards masculin et féminin que nous nous intéressons, car il nous semble que dans les trois romans étudiés, La Curée (1871), Nana (1880) et L'Euvre (1886), Zola nous raconte la difficulté de la femme à se libérer et à maîtriser son destin. Pour Zola, non seulement le regard, mais aussi les objets relatifs à l'optique jouent un rôle prépondérant dans la création de son oeuvre romanesque. Au cours de notre analyse du jeu des regards masculin et féminin, nous aborderons au fur et à mesure le pouvoir d'objets tels que le miroir, le masque, le binocle ainsi que le vêtement. En effet, ceux-ci contribuent à la relation du regardant/regardée en ce qu'ils interviennent dans la perception psychologique des personnages. De notre étude nous concluons que dans La Curée le regard masculin réifie la femme; dans Nana, l'homme porte essentiellement sur la femme un regard scopophiliaque qui engendre un désir inhérent de regarder, soumettre et tirer du plaisir de son objet. En d'autres termes, le regard masculin réduit la femme à un objet de désir. Enfin, dans L'Euvre, il s'agit du regard d'un artiste qui réduit la femme à un objet d'art afin d'épanouir sa création artistique.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: L'inscription idéologique dans le roman naturaliste: l'exemple de Zola

subject: French

subject: French Linguistics

abstract: This work explores different means of locating the ideological discourse in the realist novel. Ideology is considered here in its broadest meaning, that is to say a set of beliefs shared by a social group as common knowledge. In the process of fiction writing, the author and his/her narrator produce, parallel to the fiction, an ideology-bearing discourse. The first chapter situates this function of the narrator in relation to other functions and within the limits of the narrative. Parameters for the collection of ideological discourse in the realist novel are introduced in the second chapter of the first part. These parameters are set according to syntactic and grammatical criteria: changes in verb tenses, use of deictics, passages in the style indirect libre, choice of terms in similes and metaphors. In the second part of the study, the parameters are applied to eleven of Zola's novels, written between 1868 and 1899. First the ideological discourse is collected and divided into themes; it is then demonstrated that the discourse relating to women displays a number of types (of women) that can be compared with those considered in structuralist studies of the same texts. In a fourth chapter, a corpus of similes and metaphors relating characters to animals is analyzed; it shows that recurrence of this type of presuppositional figures can constitute the prominent though underlying message in the discourse. Zola's thought as a novelist still seems ambiguous to his critics. Was he on the fringe of the doxa of his times, or was he an opportunist petit-bourgeois? The present study does not claim to answer this question, but merely to suggest a few paths that could lead to a better understanding of this writer's ideology.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Ad Hoc Assisted Handoff in IEEE 802.11 Infrastructure WLAN s

contributor:
Todd, Terence D.
Zhao, Dongmei
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) are increasingly used to support real-time services such as voice and video. Reliable and portable operation, however, is often difficult due to factors such as imperfect customer access point (AP) installation, unpredictable WLAN coverage, and unexpected co-channel interference.

There has been much recent activity that considers the combination of ad hoc relaying and infrastructure wireless networks as alternative solutions to coverage extension. In this thesis, we propose and further investigate the use of IEEE 802.11 Ad Hoc Assisted Handoff (AAHO). In AAHO, an additional ad hoc hop may be used by a mobile station (MS) to obtain the range extension or channel quality needed to maintain its real-time voice connection. An MS that is currently not carrying active traffic may offer itself as a potential relay station (RS). Three versions of IEEE 802.11 AAHO are discussed in this thesis. In the case of Backward Ad Hoc Assisted Handoff (BAAHO), the additional hop uses a relay station which already has an IEEE 802.11 association with the AP that the MS is using. In the case of Forward Ad Hoc Assisted Handoff (FAAHO), however, the additional hop uses a relay station whose AP is different from the one that the MS is currently using. Hybrid Ad Hoc Assisted Handoff (HAAHO) is a combination of these two concepts that allows an MS to perform in either BAAHO or FAAHO mode. The proposed AAHO schemes are backward compatible to existing IEEE 802.11 infrastructure. They can be implemented as a transparent overlay across existing IEEE 802.11 deployments. Two implementation options for achieving this compatibility are proposed. A criterion in selecting relay station is introduced, which permits mobile stations to control real-time relaying of voice packets. Our simulation results show that AAHO can greatly improve performance in many realistic situations.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Affine Hjelmslev and generalized affine Hjelmslev planes

contributor:
Lane, N. D.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract: The first chapter provides a discussion of "the" simplest affine Hjelmslev plane with non-trivial neighhour relation. In the second, we consider a geometry constructed over a locI ring and discuss the relationship between the A. H. ring properties and the A. H. plane axioms. In this way we introduce generalized A. H. planes - incidence structures with parallelism satisfying only the axioms induced by the local ring properties. In the remaining chapters, we coordinatize such a structure and give a proof of the Fundamental Theorem.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Surface Control on the Energy Balance and Combination Model Components

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
<p>[missing pages i and ii]</p>
Master of Science (MSc)


title: Studies in Ascospore Formation in Saccharomyces Meyen

contributor:
Miller, J. J.
Botany

subject:
Botany
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

abstract: Studies of certain ecological, chemical, and physical factors as they affect ascospore formation in bakers' yeast. Especial attention ls given to the effect of carbon dioxide, oxygen, temperature, and cell concentration. The ability of 43 yeast cultures of differing types and geographical sources to form ascospores on three sporulation media is compared. Variations in the numbers of ascospores formed by isolates from a commercial yeast package as well as in the progeny of a single isolate were observed. A practical hybridization method is described. Based on the findings of these studies a technique for the preservation of yeast cultures is suggested. With 20 tables and 5 figures.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Role of Endocytosis in SR-BI Mediated Lipid Uptake from Lipoproteins

contributor:
Trigatti, Bernardo L.
Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences

subject:
Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences
Biochemistry
Medical Biochemistry
Biochemistry

abstract: Scavenger receptor Class B type I (SR-BI), is a multiligand cell surface receptor with broad binding specificity. It is an atypical member of the scavenger receptor family of cell surface receptors, due to its unique binding properties. SR-BI is mostly studied in the context of cholesterol metabolism, as its ligands include lipoproteins, which are the primary vesicles of cholesterol trafficking in the body. Lipoprotein ligands of SR-BI include chemically modified lipoproteins which are associated with retention and accumulation of lipids in the body (leading to disease conditions), as well as unmodified lipoproteins which are involved in clearance of cholesterol from the body and maintenance of normal homeostasis. SR-BI is the only known physiologically relevant receptor of high density lipoprotein particle (HDL), and has been shown to play an important role in HDL metabolism. The mechanism of SR-BI mediated transfer of lipid from lipoprotein has not yet been elucidated. However, several studies have proposed the involvement of known mechanisms of endocytosis in SR-BI mediated transfer of lipids from HDL. Given the broad spectrum of ligands that bind SR-BI and the high specificity of binding and uptake of ligands, we propose that the SR-BI mediates uptake of lipoproteins in a ligand dependent manner. Using lipoprotein ligands labelled with a fluorescent lipid we demonstrated that blocking cellular endocytosis by potassium depletion, hyperosmolarity and disrupting the structure of micro filaments in cells, has a differential effect on murine SR-BI mediated lipid transfer from modified lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) and native lipoprotein (HDL.) Lipid transfer from Ac-LDL is susceptible to these treatments, whereas lipid transfer from HDL was not affected to the same extent. On the other hand, human SR-BI mediated lipid transfer from both Ac-LDL as well as HDL is affected under these conditions. However, human SR-BI was shown not to colocalize with clathrin, in the presence of HDL and Ac-LDL, dismissing the possibility that clathrin mediated uptake might be involved in lipid uptake by cells. Using a dominant negative mutant of dynamin 1 (Dyn1-K44A) we showed that murine and human SR-BI mediated lipid uptake from HDL and AcLDL is dynamin dependent. Using stable cell lines expressing fluorescent protein tagged human SR-BI, and fluorescent lipid tagged HDL and Ac-LDL, we were able to show the dynamics of human SR-BI mediated lipid uptake in cells. This process was shown to be dependent on microfilament and microtubules.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Regulation of Expression of the gabDTP Operon and Utilization of GABA as a Sole Nitrogen Source in Escherichia coli

contributor:
Schellhorn, H.E.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: The gabDTP operon is regulated by a number of different signals and stress conditions including general stress via σs, carbon limitation, cell-to-cell signaling, alkaline pH and nitrogen limitation. The mechanism of regulation by many of these conditions is unclear. Operon lacZ-fusions to the genes of the gabDTP operon, isolated in a previous search for rpoS-dependent genes in E. coli, showed a 10-fold rpoS-dependence in rich LB media. Here we provide evidence, utilizing Northern analysis of wildtype E. coli strains without any insertions in the gabDTP operon, that expression of the gabDTP operon was highly RpoS- and stationary phase-dependent. The corresponding enzymes GabD (SSDH) and GabT CGSST) showed a 20 fold higher activity in stationary phase cultures of wildtype cells compared to isogenic rpoS-mutant strains. However, contrary to expected results, growth on GABA as a sole nitrogen source is better in rpoS- mutants relative to wildtype strains. Similar growth patterns are observed when the same strains are grown on L-glutamate as the sole nitrogen source, suggesting that the limitation for growth with GABA as the nitrogen source may be due to an inability to utilize glutamate efficiently as a sole nitrogen source. These results confirm that the gabDTP operon is part of the RpoS regulon, and suggest the metabolism of GABA plays a role in stationary phase stress resistance in E. coli.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Politics of Reform: Class Interests and Tax Reform in Canada, 1960-1971

contributor:
Smith, D.L.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This case study of tax reform during the 1960's and 1970's examines the way in which the political representation and conflict of class interests shaped the development of a crucial area of state policy. The 1967 Report of the Royal Commission on Taxation (carter Commission) called for a comprehensive and progressive restructuring of the Canadian tax system. However, after over four years of heated debate, the changes eventually implemented on January 1, 1972 were a very pale reflection of the original carter proposals. The focus of this analysis is upon what happened between the promise of fair and equitable taxation held out by the Royal Commission and the far more limited reforms finally enacted. Tax reform proceeded by means of a number of distinct and separate junctures through which shifts in policy can be easily charted. At each of these junctures the key proposals were steadily moderated and the Commission's fundamental principles were weakened or rejected. The decisive factor in the government's consistent stage-by-stage retreat from the central objectives and recommendations of the carter Report was the tremendous opposition of the capitalist class to major progressive reform.

The sweeping recommendations of the Royal Commission, which would have limited the existing highly advantaged treatment of the capitalist class and affluent strata more generally, met with intense hostility from Canadian business. The corporate sector quickly mobilized an extensive campaign against the proposals; business representatives became the predominant presence in formal deliberations and public debates on the direction of reform, and major firms and corporate organizations exerted pervasive and unrelenting pressure upon the state. The scope of reform was also greatly limited by crucial structural constraints of a capitalist economy: given its dependence upon private capital to allocate sufficient investment to sustain adequate levels of economic growth, state policy must be extremely sensitive to the maintenance of business confidence and a favourable climate for investment. The concrete significance of this general imperative was reinforced by incessant dire corporate predictions that investment would be reduced and capital withdrawn should the Carter proposals be adopted. Although the demands of organized labour and the New Democratic Party and the exigencies of political legitimation and electoral competition ensured that the government could not totally abandon reform, no other group was able to mount a comparable defense of progressive changes in the face of enormous corporate pressure, reinforced by the broadly similar opposition of small business and the major provincial governments. This massive and cumulative opposition forced consistent modifications of the proposals in the direction of corporate demands and immediate interests at each stage of the reform process and prevented any substantial implementation of policy to which business strongly objected. The result was that the potential of progressive reform, which would have directly benefited the majority of the population, was not significantly realized. That this was so and that the final tax reforms never threatened the fundamental interests of the capitalist class in continued accumulation and the reproduction of the overall capitalist system is a telling manifestation of its dominant political power.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: L'Assommoir et Madame Bovary: Echos et parallèles

contributor:
Morgan, O.
French

subject: French

subject: French Linguistics

abstract: L'objet de cette étude est d'approfondir et de nuancer les comparaisons qui ont été établies entre L'Assommoir d'Émile Zola et Madame Bovary de Gustave Flaubert. Nous examinerons tout d'abord l'emploi analogue de trois techniques narratives: le tableau, qui remplit plusieurs fonctions dans chaque roman; l'agencement de l'intrigue, grâce auquel on distingue dans la carriêre de chacune des héroïnes deux structures semblables; et le style indirect libre, qui permet aux romanciers d'intégrer dans la narration des propos de leurs personnages. Ensui te nous passerons à une analyse thématique, qui nous permettra de voir les diverses fonctions de la nature et du corps. Enfin, nous examinerons les rapports entre les personnages à l'intérieur de chaque roman aussi bien que les liens intertextuels entredivers personnages. Ainsi, nous pourrons préciser ce qui rattache les deux ouvrages et ce qui les différencie.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Replication and Transcription of Adenovirus Type 2 After Ultraviolet Irradiation

contributor:
Mak, Stanley
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: When adenovirus type 2 is irradiated with ultraviolet light before infection of KB cells, a significant reduction of virus yields is observed. The ability of the irradiated viral DNA as template for DNA and RNA synthesis was examined. Special emphasis was placed on quantitative determinations of viral DNA and both quantitative and qualitative analysis of viral RNA in infected cells.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Lateral Loading of Shear Wall Models

contributor:
Heidebrecht, A. C.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract: This thesis describes the development of a technique to build small-scale shear wall building models using a suitable concrete mortar. Tests were conducted to study the behaviour of such models under lateral load. The analysis of the problem was done by treating the model as a thin-walled cantilever beam based on Vlasov's thin-walled beam theory. The test and analytical results are compared to investigate the validity of this approach.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Requirement of MyoD for Myogenic Lineage Maintenance and Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Terminal Differentiation by the MAPK Signaling Pathway

contributor:
Rudnicki, Michael A.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: The myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are crucial for the determination and terminal differentitation of the skeletal muscle lineage. Gene targeting experiments have demonstrated that one of MyoD or Myf5 is required for establishing the myogenic lineage in vivo. To further understand the role of MyoD in lineage acquisition and differentiation, fibroblast cell lines lacking functional copies of MyoD and Myf5 were generated and analyzed. The data shows that myogenin and MRF4 are capable of supporting terminal differentiation while at least one of MyoD of Myf5 is required for maintenance of myoblast indentity. This represents the first direct evidence that maintenance of the myogenic lineage absolutely requires MyoD or Myf5. While expression of the MRFs is necessary for myogenesis, several extracellular growth factor stimulation leads to the activation of several intracellular signal transduction pathways. To understand the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in regulating MRF function, experiments were performed to specifically address the effects of the MAPK signaling intermediate, MEK1. The data clearly shows that transcriptional activity of the MRFs is repressed when the MAPK pathway is activated. Repression of MyoD function occurs in the absence of direct MAPK phosphorylation, alterations in MyoD stability or subcellular localization. Remarkably, activated MEK1 localizes to the nucleus and binds directly to a transcriptional complex containing MyoD and its dimerization partner HEB. This data represents the first description of how the MAPK pathway controls myogenesis without suppressing the myoblast lineage. Data also revealed a critical cell cycle-specific loss of HEB as an additional regulatory mechanism for controlling myogenesis.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Thermalization Time of Positrons in Metals

contributor:
Carbotte, J.P.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
The thermalization time of positrons in metals has been computed as a function of the electron density parameter rs, in the complete metallic electron density range (2 < rs < 5.6). Our calculations are based on the propagator technique of many body perturbation theory, to first order in the electron-positron effective force. The rate of energy loss of the positron, in our formalism, is given by the imaginary part of the self energy operator; this quantity is worked out both in the Random Phase and the Hubbard approximation. We find that, in the low momentum transfer region, which is really the only regime of importance here, the electron-positron interaction can be approximated by a screened Coulomb potential e2/r exp (-λTFr) where λTF is the Thomas-Fermi momentum given by √4π∝ pF. Here ∝ is related to rS, the usual density parameter, by ∝ = rS/1.919π2

Further, we find that, in general, the time taken by the positron to drop to an energy of .025 e.v. is not as short as is generally believed, although it can be said beyond doubt that complete thermalization has taken place before annihilation at room temperature. However, for aluminium at 100°k, the thermalization time is longer than the annihilation time. On the basis of this result, we suggest that this lack of thermalization in aluminium might be detectable in an experiment similar to that recently reported by Stewart and Shand (1966), concerning the positron effective mass in sodium, although without more extensive calculations it is not possible to say precisely how a small amount of non-thermalization would affect the angular correlation curves.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Some Pyrophosphates

contributor:
Stager, C. V.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: The nuclear magnetic resonance of 31p has been studied in Mn2P2O 7, Co2P2O7, Cu2P2O7 and Ni2P2O7. The resonances were found to be shifted from the predicted field due to the delocalization of unpaired electrons from the paramagnetic ions. The fraction of an unpaired electron present in the phosphorus 3s orbital arising from each metal-oxygen-phosphorus transfer path is 0.110% in Mn 2P2O7 and ~ 0.05% in the other compounds studied. The difference in these values is discussed in terms of the structure and bonding of the P2O74- anions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: On the Measurement of the Absolute Viscosity of Some Refrigerants

contributor:
Latto, B.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Fast Fission Ratio Calculations

contributor:
Garvey, Peter M.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering
Physics
Engineering

abstract:
The precise knowledge of the Fast Fission Ratio is of considerable importance in Reactor Physics due to its effect on the overall reactivity of a nuclear reactor. Calculations obtained with the codes WIMS and LATREP disagreed by as much as 3% with experiments performed in the Zed-II critical facility of the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories. It was felt that this variation might be due to the coarsity of the energy mesh since the energy range where Uranium (238) fission occurs (.8 to 10 MeV) was covered by only a few energy groups.

Two multigroup cross-section libraries having respectively 100 and 46 groups were therefore generated with SUPERTOG. Values for the Fast Fission Ratio were then calculated using first the one dimensional transport code ANISN and the Monte Carlo code MORSE. The 28 element fuel bundle geometry was used and the thermal fission was inputted to the codes as a fix source leaving to the codes the calculation of the activities in the upper groups of the multigroup structure (above 500 KeV). The cross-section data was obtained from the ENDF/B-IV library produced by the Brookhaven National Laboratory, U.S.A.

It was found that the WIMS energy structure with six groups above 500 KeV offered a sufficiently small energy mesh. In ANISN both the order of the angular quadrature (SN) and of the Legendre approximation to the scattering cross-sections (PN) were investigated. It was found that as SN increases the Fast Fission Ratio distribution across the fuel bundle flattens, approaching the distribution measured experimentally in Zed-II, while as PN increases the overall value of the Fast Fission Ratio increases leaving the distribution relatively unaffected.

Cases where the coolant has been received and replaced by air have also been investigated. This simulates what would be happening to the Fast Fission Ratio in the event of a total loss of coolant accident (LOCA). It was found that the Fast Fission Ratio would increase by about 15%. This represents a substantial positive contribution to the reactivity of the reactor.

Geometry effects were also investigated using the code MORSE. In this code the full two-dimensional pin distribution of the fuel bundle could be represented as opposed to the one dimensional smeared annuli model which had to be used in ANISN. However, it was found that this did not improve the results since a 3% decrease was observed in the absolute value of the Fast Fission Ratio while its distribution became slightly steeper than what was measured experimentally.

Two lattice pitches were also investigated, namely 24 and 28 em. It was found that the tighter pitch led to an increase in the Fast Fission Ratio of the order of 5% without significant effect on the distribution.

The results obtained for the estimation of the Fast Fission Ratio with these Reactor Physics codes do not agree to better than 5% with the values determined experimentally. However, if one considers the experimental errors and the fact that the cross-sections are not known to better accuracies than a few percent, especially for Uranium (238) inelastic scattering, the results obtained are quite justifiable.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Arctic culture transition : an overview; The MacKenzie Delta : a case study; A study concerning itself with the human geography of the ancient Arctic generally, and the present environment of the MacKenzie Delta

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
The purpose of this Thesis is twofold. First, Arctic America and Greenland will be discussed in terms of culture history. Four basic questions will be dealt with concerning the Eskimo. They are: where did the Eskimo come from; why did they come; how did they come; and, once here, what happened to them. The final portions of Section I will be concerned with the pre-Dorset, Dorset, and Thule cultures. However, prior to dealing with the Eskimo, a brief overview will be presented of early man in the New World, and the geographic setting of the Arctic.

Section II will move from the general to the specific. The Mackenzie Delta in the Western Canadian Arctic will be the area of study. The delta, following a brief discussion of the physical geography will be examined from a human geographic perspective. The main topics to be discussed are: early exploration; the development of settlements; and, the present cultural milieu. Prior to examining culture, and culture change, a few theoretical models dealing with culture will be presented.

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: Anodic oxidation and depth-distribution studies with V, Mo, and W

contributor:
Kelly, R.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

subject:
Metallurgy and Materials Science
Materials Science and Engineering
Metallurgy
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
This investigation is primarily concerned with the development of a suitable high-precision sectioning technique to be employed in studies of depth distributions of energetic ions in Mo and V. It consists of two main parts.

In the first part, uniform anodic oxide films of controlled thicknesses have been grown on poiycrystalline V, Mo, and W (the latter, primarily for comparison with earlier works on W) in acetic acid-sodium tetraborate solutions containing small quantities of water. These anodic films which show bright characteristic interference colours when formed at >10 volts, are shown to be rapidly soluble in a dilute solution of KOH whereas the underlying metal is attacked at a rate of less than ~100Å per day. The thickness of the anodic films per volt has been established using ellipsometry and conventional weight-loss measurements.

Kinetics of anodization have been studied at constant-current and constant-voltage. An analysis of these data shows the composition of the films on Mo and W to be close to Mo03 and W03 respectively while those on V were intermediate between V204 and V205. The density of the films on Mo and the differential field strength, Ed, for films on Mo and W have also been determined.

In the second part, a theoretical background consisting of an outline of the theory of Lindhard, Scharff and Schiøtt, has been provided; in the absence of experimental data, this theory is generally used to estimate the depth distribution of ions in amorphous targets. Experimental range profiles have been determined for 5-30 keV Kr85 in polycrystalline Mo using the technique developed in the first part and the results obtained show a large discrepancy when compared with Lindhard theory. The extent of disagreement with theory is similar to that obtained by previous workers with targets such as Al or W.

Evidence is presented to show that this large discrepancy may be attributted to crystal-lattice effects (i.e. channelling). For example, it is shown that the discrpency is not due to the anodizing-stripping sequence being sensitive to bombardment. Also, it is demonstrated that the Mo used had a pronounced preferred orientation such that the open directiors <100>, <211>, and <111> were normal to the surface.

An important part of future work will be to extend techniques such as those described here to the metal Be, for Be is the lightest target material that can be conveniently worked with.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Estimation of Evapotranspiration for Three Surfaces using a Simplified Soil Moisture Budget Equation

contributor:
Rouse, W. R.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An experimental study of the hydrodynamic suspension of spheres and sphere trains in a vertical pipe using water and polymer solution

contributor:
Latto, B.
Round, G. F.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Aquatic Study Field Trip: Benefits and Evaluation

contributor:
Chow-Fraser, Patricia
Henderson, Robert
Environmental Science

subject:
Environmental Sciences
Environmental Sciences

abstract:
In this project an aquatic field trip resource is developed for both elementary and secondary teachers to use in their classes and at a pond site. It uses the compulsory activity from the grade 11 general level environmental science course as a model. Abiotic factors are measured and water organisms are surveyed so that the water quality can be determined.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a field trip to a pond in meeting the Ministry of Education science course objectives and looks at evaluation methods for the purpose of improving the learning experience for students. A report is given of water quality parameters as presented to the community of teachers who would possibly be using the site and a questionnaire given to survey their reactions and ideas about this report. To assist teachers further, a list of resources to help with this unit was developed from material gathered as the project took form.

To put the unit and its teaching into a provincial focus and to gain practical ideas that would make teaching and preparing for the field trip more successful, a survey was done outlining the programs of similar centres nearby. Unfortunately, low data sets of students in the course could not reliably yield any scientific conclusions. The reactions of students to the activity, the historical background to this type of educational activity, and the positive effect of this additional tool in teachers' professional toolkits (Miles, 1990, ), shows this a worthwhile activity to undertake.

The project did allow development of a detailed guide to aquatic organisms that can be used by teachers wanting some assistance teaching this unit. With changes by the current government, this particular course will not be offered again after the '98/99 school year. Courses at the elementary level will find this information helpful. Courses at the secondary level are currently being developed that should include units where this resource could be used.

abstract: Master's of Science in Teaching (MST)


title: Flocculation of Metal Hydroxides with Polymers - Optimization and Kinetic Modelling

contributor:
Murphy, K.L.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
This study determined optimum conditions for the use of polymers in flocculation of metal hydroxides present in neutralized mine drainage. Using the criterion of supernatant particulate metal concentration following flocculation and settling, optimum polymer properties and mixing conditions were obtained for both strong and weak simulated minewaters containing iron. It was shown that these conditions also provided minimum metal residuals (less than 0.3 mg/l) for simulated minewaters containing copper or zinc. For two-metal systems, the residual particulate metal concentrations achieved were lower than for the corresponding single-metal systems.

Near the optimum, mixing conditions were more important than polymer properties. Optimum mixing times decreased greatly as minewater strength increased, as would be expected from kinetic considerations. Optimum mixing speeds increased moderately with increasing initial metal concentration, probably because of a corresponding increase in floc strength. Polymer molecular weight had no effect over the range investigated. The polymer degree of hydrolysis was unimportant in the range from 2 to 35 percent for the three metals at various initial concentrations. The optimum polymer dosage was not narrowly defined, but could be related to the minewater strength as 1.7 x 10‾³ the initial metal concentration.

Experiments performed to determine the best kinetic model for the process demonstrated that it could not be represented by a simple aggregation model and that none of the available models incorporating floc breakup were adequate. A new model was proposed which incorporated for the first time the decrease in the aggregation rate with time because of the shortening of the absorbed polymer loops, and the existence of a critical mixing intensity for floc breakup. This model, which is second order in particle concentration, was found to predict satisfactorily the results obtained with the simulated iron, copper and zinc minewaters. Although the aggregation rate was greater for zinc than for iron or copper, the achievable supernatant particulate concentration was indepedent of metal type. The critical mixing intensity for floc breakup was found to increase with increasing initial metal concentration.

The model was tested on three actual minewaters and was found to give satisfactory predictions.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Parametric Resonancees in nonlinear Mechanical Systems

contributor: Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics

subject:
Civil Engineering
Engineering Mechanics
Civil Engineering

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: The Structure of the Non-Polar Phase of RbHSO4

contributor:
Petch, H.E.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Decay characteristics of Xe¹³⁸

contributor:
Keech, G. L.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Thermodynamic Studies in Liquid Fe-V-O and Fe-Cr-O Systems Using Electrochemical Cells

contributor:
Kay, D.A.R.
Metallurgy and Materials Science

subject:
Metallurgy
Other Materials Science and Engineering
Metallurgy

abstract:
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Chemiluminescence

contributor:
Beattie, Catherine
Bell, Russell Arthur
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract: Master of Science (Teaching)


title: Zone Controller and Detector Locations at Bruce B

contributor:
Trojan, O. A.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of various arrangements of zone controller and detector locations in suppressing xenon induced spatial power oscillations. Using the SORGHUM code, which is a two-group neutron diffusion code, it was necessary to modify the cross sections set as taken from the more detailed CHEBY code. Then, the optimum axial location of the zone controllers was investigated with a three-dimensional study, while later a two-dimensional search in detail revealed the optimal radial locations of the zone controllers and the detectors associated with them.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Study of Xenon Induced Power Oscillations with λ-Modes

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: A large thermal reactor operating at sufficiently high flux levels is susceptible to oscillations in the power distribution that are associated with a periodic redistribution of xenon poison. The particular perturbation method, λ-mode approximation, is presented in this report. A detailed description of the λ-mode mathematical formalism and the computer program XIPOLML and its application to Pickering reactors are reported.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Administration and finance of education in Canada with special reference to Ontario

subject: Political Economy

abstract:
[missing page 32]
Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Role of Void Distributions on Void Fraction Measurements

contributor:
Harms, A.A.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract:
The distribution of voids in a nuclear reactor is of great importance due to their effect on the neutron flux and on the reactor dynamic characteristics in addition to the well known thermohydraulic problems they create.

The possibility of using scattered neutrons to measure voids in a liquid flow is investigated experimentally. The appealing property of a scattering technique as compared to the well known transmission method, is that multiple detectors could be used for additional information about the distribution of the voids as well as their void fraction.

For this purpose a beam of neutrons has been extracted from the McMaster University 5MW pool type nuclear reactor. Cylindrical pieces of Lucite have been used to simulate a column of water; this material has neutron transport properties which are very similar to those of liquid water.

The neutron diagnostic method of detection has the advantage of not disturbing the flow of the fluid like devices such as probes and isolating valves would do.

A BF3 detector mounted on an arm which rotates about the axis of the cylindrical samples was used as the experimental set up. Lucite samples of different void fractions and possessing different void distributions were prepared. Different numbers of circular holes and of different relative sizes were drilled in the samples providing the possibility of simulating many void distributions by simply rotating the samples. Counting times of the order of 100 seconds were used in order to provide sufficient statistical accuracy to observe the differences in counts.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)