title: Windows of opportunity: the timing of dispersal events influences zooplankton community response to environmental change in Subarctic ponds

contributor:
Arnott, Shelley E.
Biology

subject:
Zooplankton
Community ecology

abstract: Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-17 12:18:16.015

abstract:
Theoretical and empirical work has shown that community diversity and composition can be influenced by both local conditions and dispersal from a regional species pool. This may be especially true shortly after environmental disturbances, because perturbations can provide spatial or temporal niche opportunities for dispersers to establish. Theory predicts that after environmental disturbances tolerant functionally-redundant dispersing species can establish in disturbed communities, maintaining local community diversity and ecosystem function; however, this model relies on the successful establishment of dispersers (i.e., the community must be invasible). Invasibility is expected to decline as time-since-disturbance increases because the local community can use freed resources and increases in abundance. Although studies have acknowledged that timing may influence invasibility, very few studies have focused on how dispersal timing influences the role of dispersal in community response to disturbance. My thesis was conducted to test the role of crustacean zooplankton dispersal timing in the establishment success, and subsequent influence on diversity and ecosystem function of dispersers. To assess this, a field mesocosm study was completed in Churchill, Canada to test the effects of disturbance (nutrients and salinity) and immigration timing (from 51 regional ponds/pools) on invasibility, local community structure and ecosystem functioning (i.e., chl-a). Results show that invasibility was initially high following disturbance, but decreased with time- since-disturbance as the resident community exerted priority effects over dispersers. As a result community diversity was most influenced by immigration when dispersers were added shortly after disturbance. Many coarse measures of diversity were resistant to disturbance, but community composition and the relative abundance of functional groups shifted, and likely influence ecosystem function (i.e., chl-a). When dispersers were added to disturbed communities ecosystem function was recovered to undisturbed levels. Overall, my results suggest that
dispersal timing can influence the role of dispersal in communities and the ability of species to capitalize on windows of invasion opportunity will influence their ability to establish in favorable local patches.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: The Synthesis of Elemental Selenium Particles by the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis

contributor:
Lefebvre, Daniel D.
Biology

rights: This publication is made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws without written authority from the copyright owner.

subject: Selenium Microbiology

abstract: Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-17 15:38:14.29

abstract: In the present study the light dependent biosynthesis of spherical red elemental selenium Se(0) granules (average size of 220 nm) by the cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis when exposed to high selenite concentrations for 9 days was investigated. The particles were identified as Se(0) by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis and were localized between the periplasmic space and the cell surface through light and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The amount of selenite reduced to Se(0) increased with increasing culture density and less selenite remained in the cultures accordingly. Selenite treated cultures lost their characteristic pigments and turned from green to orange by day 5 and a concomitant increase in the buoyant cell density was observed over the treatment period. The potential abiotic and biotic reactions that may have produced Se(0) in the cyanobacteria are discussed.

abstract: For patenting purposes.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: An Investigation of Forest-Grassland Dynamics in Southwest Yukon, Canada

contributor:
Danby, Ryan K.
Geography

subject: Forest-Grassland Dendrochronology Ecotone Encroachment Yukon

abstract: Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-18 01:03:21.524

abstract: Forest encroachment has been documented across North America, from British Columbia to New Mexico, and is a growing concern due to loss of essential grassland habitat. Climate change, fire suppression, changes in grazing regimes, and differences in microclimate between topographic gradients are the main factors associated with forest encroachment into grasslands. Small-scale factors, such as competition and facilitation also play an important role in forest-grassland dynamics. I examined forest-grassland dynamics in southwest Yukon through dendroecological techniques and repeat image analysis. Dendroecological techniques were used to identify periods of tree encroachment, changes in age structure, pulses of tree establishment and possible correlations with climatic variables. Dendroecological results indicated that over the last 60-80 years, trees have invaded an average of 30 meters into grasslands on south-facing slopes and flat terrain in southwest Yukon. Ecotones on north-facing slopes appear stable with little advance into grasslands over the last 60 years. Results indicate forest encroachment varies across topography and between tree species. Repeat image analysis was also used to examine landscape changes over a 60-year time period near Kluane Lake. Forest encroachment was investigated using landscape metrics which characterized changes in grassland configuration across three time periods (1947, 1979, 2007) in a 10km2 area. Total grassland area decreased from 214.4 hectares in 1947 to 137 hectares in 2007 and coincided with extensive grassland fragmentation. One hundred and seventy grassland patches were identified in 1947 which increased to 270 patches in 2007. Although tree invasion was found across all topographic gradients, results complement dendroecological analyses with flat terrain and south-facing slopes experiencing the greatest loss of grassland. It is possible that the increase in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) on south-facing slopes and flat terrain is due to warmer temperatures in the area. Aspen establishment coincided with warmer temperatures however further work is needed to identify the influence of changes in fire and grazing regimes. Although southwest Yukon grasslands are limited in distribution they are ecologically significant and provide habitat for unique assemblages of flora and fauna.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Kingston Adolescents’ Knowledge About the Social Determinants of Health: Assessing and Addressing the Gap

contributor:
Moore, Spencer
Kinesiology and Health Studies

subject:
Adolescents
Knowledge Translation
Education
Social Determinants of Health

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-27 08:49:09.739

abstract: Upstream social determinants of health (SDH) have become widely acknowledged as lying at the root of poor health outcomes in Canada and globally. Conditions of social disadvantage restrict access to both social and physical resources, limiting the opportunity to actively pursue a healthy lifestyle. The Commission on the Social Determinants of Health maintains that educating the public about the SDH is a key step towards population health equity. Educating adolescents may be the most efficient and effective route of SDH knowledge dissemination, as youth are in a stage of peak learning, and are also easily reached through health education curriculum delivered in secondary school. However, health curriculum in Ontario is lacking in SDH content, placing a much greater emphasis on individual, lifestyle behaviors, such as diet, physical activity, and sax sex practices. Identifying a gap in SDH knowledge within this population, and evaluating the benefits of SDH education, is required to advocate for health curriculum revision to include SDH material. This project is designed as both a research study and SDH educational intervention. Concept mapping exercises were used to determine students’ knowledge of the determinants of health and the SDH. The impact of short term SDH education on student retention of SDH material was also evaluated. Student concept maps indicated that students attributed their health primarily to physical determinants versus social determinants; 44% of maps contained no SDH content. Statistical analyses prior to delivering the SDH lessons indicated that students’ SDH knowledge varied by their relative socioeconomic status (SES). Post-lesson analyses indicated however that student SDH knowledge increased significantly, and final levels of SDH knowledge following the SDH lessons was unaffected by socio-demographic variables. Findings suggest that 1) there is an SDH knowledge gap in the adolescent population, 2) an inequity in adolescent SDH knowledge exists across socio-economic factors, and 3) that SDH education can potentially eliminate the inequity in SDH knowledge. Current Ontario health curriculum requires revision to include SDH material. Designing curricula to have an optimal influence on both student learning and adolescent health requires greater communication and collaboration from both educational institutions and health agencies in Canada

abstract: M.Sc.


title: “SlutWalk is ‘kind of like feminism’”:  A critical reading of Canadian mainstream news coverage of SlutWalk

contributor:
Adams, Mary Louise
Kinesiology and Health Studies

subject:
Media Studies
Feminist Movement
Women's Studies
Canadian Mainstream Media
Violence Prevention
Cultural Studies
Discourse Analysis

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-18 16:05:33.045

abstract: Since its inception in April 2011, “SlutWalk” has grown from a Toronto-based rally and march against victim-blaming and sexual violence into a globalized movement spanning six continents. Given that its mainstream visibility is unprecedented for any contemporary feminist movement, SlutWalk represents a unique opportunity to examine representations of feminist politics in the Canadian mainstream news media. Drawing on the theoretical and methodological tools of feminism and cultural studies, I offer a contextualized reading and discourse analysis of the representations of SlutWalk across print, radio, and televisual media during its first nine months of press. On the surface, the media portrays SlutWalk in a fair and positive light, taking seriously its messages about police accountability, victim solidarity, and women’s liberation as key tenets for ending victim-blaming. Nonetheless, these “fair” messages are constituted by and constitutive of neoliberal, white supremacist, and postfeminist discourses of the “reality” of sexual violence, which undermine intersectional feminist efforts to eradicate sexual violence. I argue that mainstream media representations of SlutWalk reproduce a watered-down version of feminism and a decontextualized understanding of sexual violence that resonates most with white, heteronormative, educated women. Overall, I suggest that the mainstream visibility of SlutWalk is possible only insofar as its representations steer clear of any substantive critique of patriarchal violence as it articulates with racism, heterosexism, and institutional violence. Average media consumers of stories about SlutWalk are most likely afforded a sense that “managing” sexual violence and “liberating” women might be achieved within the existing status quo and through a sole focus on (white) women. In conclusion, I reiterate the need for intervention and engagement with the mainstream reproduction of discourses about feminism, and offer suggestions for how this might be achieved.

abstract: M.A.


title: Factors Affecting Pediatric Asthma in Rural Saskatchewan

contributor:
Pickett, William
Lawson, Joshua
Community Health and Epidemiology

subject:
respiratory illness
rural health
pediatric asthma

abstract: Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-20 16:44:44.525

abstract:
Background: Previous research suggests that children living on farms have a lower prevalence of asthma compared to their more urban counterparts. Four potential explanations may underlie this association: personal factors, health care access, health risk behaviours, and the environmental explanation.
Objectives: The objective of this thesis was to first compare the prevalence of asthma between children living on farms and those living in small towns. The second objective was to identify and compare potential risk and protective factors for childhood asthma in rural and farm environments. Finally, we interpreted the findings in light of the above explanations in terms of which is most likely to explain previously observed differences in pediatric asthma prevalence.
Methods: We used cross-sectional data (n=834) from a 2003 study conducted in Estevan, Saskatchewan as well as cross-sectional data (n=2,259) collected as part of the Saskatchewan Rural Health Study in 2011. We determined differences in asthma prevalence and examined the distribution of potential risk and protective factors between farm and small town children. Using multiple logistic regression, we identified a number of potential risk and protective factors for both pediatric asthma and wheeze among these populations.
Results: No differences in prevalence of asthma or wheeze were identified by farm and small town status in both analyses. Risk factors that were identified included: male sex, parental history of asthma, personal history of allergy, home dampness, being overweight or obese, premature birth, living in a single parent home, difficulty accessing routine healthcare, previous daycare attendance, having a mother that previously smoked, having mice in the home, having an air filter in the home and feeding livestock. Protective factors included: previous daycare attendance, having pets in the home and having a dehumidifier present in the home. Farm-specific protective factors included: filling or emptying grain bins, cleaning or playing in pens, and living on a grain farm.
Conclusions: No differences in asthma or wheeze prevalence were identified between small town and farm children in these study populations. Findings primarily supported the environmental explanation for geographic differences in asthma prevalence identified historically, with modest support for the health care access explanation.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: International Male Students’ First-Year Experience

contributor:
Freeman, John G.
Education

subject:
Academic Adjustment
Racialized Students
University Experience
International Students
First-year Experience
University Residence
Male Students
Cultural Adjustment
Masculine Identity
Higher Education

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-19 17:28:16.91

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of four racialized, male, first-year, international students attending a university in southern Ontario and living in university residence. Through four one-on-one interviews, my qualitative study sought to uncover the challenges, needs, and opportunities of these students. In addition to cultural and academic adjustment, my study focused on how the participants preserved their masculine and cultural/religious identities in a Western university. A secondary purpose of my study was to examine how these four international students experienced living in university residences, what challenges they faced, and how their specific needs were met.
Four themes emerged from the interviews. First, the participants outlined their difficulties adjusting to Canadian university culture. While some enjoyed the transition to Canada, others found adjusting their cultural identities challenging. Second, these participants struggled to adjust to the academic rigour and workload during their first year at university. Despite the demands of university academics, the participants generally welcomed the freedom and flexibility of university life, which allowed them to create their own work schedules and engage in their social lives. Third, the participants maintained their masculine and cultural identities, to more or lesser degrees, despite being immersed in the social and cultural norms of Canadian university life. While some felt isolated within Queen’s University because of their different cultural and masculine identities, overall, these participants valued their own identities and resolved to preserve them. Finally, the participants discussed the benefits and challenges of living in university residences. While residences tended to provide the participants with a sense of community and belonging, sometimes it was challenging living in a loud and hectic environment.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: A Case Study of a Community Based Tutoring and Mentoring Program

contributor:
Kutsyuruba, Benjamin
Education

subject:
Community Based Education
Organization Theory
Portuguese Canadians
Educational Disadvantage

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-19 18:09:53.088

abstract:
Portuguese-Canadians have historically faced disadvantages in the Canadian education system (Coelho, 1973, 1977; Fonseca, 2010; Morgado, 2009; Noivo, 1997; Nunes, 1999; Ornstein, 2000, 2006; Santos, 2006). While there have been studies conducted into this phenomenon, these disadvantages remain relatively unexplored by the research community and unknown to mainstream society. Furthermore, many of those studies have focused primarily on the various manifestations of the problem of educational disadvantage and have not explored the specific programs or practices adopted by the community to address these issues.

Community based educational organizations have been shown to assist in the cultural adjustment process of immigrant youth. These organizations provide youth with the necessary cultural capital to allow them to construct high academic and vocational aspirations, and to cope with the various discouraging experiences they may have in schools (Bielenberg, n.d; James, 2005; James & Haig-Brown, 2001; Zhou, 2005).
The purpose of this study was to describe a community-based tutoring and mentoring program and to examine the stakeholders' perceptions of the program's impact on the Portuguese-Canadian students whom it serves, to respond to the educational disadvantages this group faces.
This program was established by members of the Portuguese-Canadian community in Toronto as a reaction to data outlining this group's educational disadvantages. Document and transcript analysis provided a rich description of the program and revealed how the program impacted the students whom it served. Specifically, this program supports its students during transitions, helps to address negative schooling experiences, and fosters their acquisition of English. This ultimately results in improvements in these students' academics, social skills, and self-esteem and is having an overall positively impact on their attitudes and perceptions of education.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: International Commercial Arbitration: The Effect of Culture and Religion on Enforcement of Award

contributor:
Amani, Bita
Law

subject:
Culture
Enforcement of Arbitral Award
International Commercial Arbitration

abstract: Thesis (Master, Law) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-19 23:29:51.979

abstract:
Arbitration is one of the oldest legal systems of solving disputes, albeit, it was simple and without any power to enforce the outcome of the tribunal. In modern ages, arbitration has transformed to a more complicated and sophisticated system of solving international commercial disputes.
In recent decades, enforcement of tribunal award benefited from various conventions like New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958). However the enforcement still has few difficulties. One problem is related to the enforcement of the award in different countries. Based on Article V (2(b)) of New York Convention, countries can prohibit enforcement of award if it is against public policy of that country. This broad definition has created many problems especially in some Islamic countries in Middle East due to frequent use of this defense.
Islamic countries in Middle East have tried to implement new arbitration legislations from western countries in order to acclimate themselves with modern International commercial and political relations. However facing biased actions from western countries toward their cultures, have made these adaptations more challenging.
Considering the claim of both parties, one should not forget the strong influence of culture in International relations as it defines many actions and concerns of society. Ignoring this issue can create many problems and hostile atmosphere between nations that even affect International commercial arbitration enforcements.
Knowing the significance of effect of culture, it is essential for many lawyers, scholars and practitioners to study and learn more about culture and norms of other countries. Multi-cultural countries like Canada and commercial hubs like Dubai can facilitate understanding different cultures by creating cultural and legal centers.

abstract: LL.M.


title: Using Anaerobic Co-Digestion With Addition of Municipal Organic Wastes and Pre-Treatment to Enhance Biogas Production From Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge

contributor:
Champagne, Pascale
Anderson, Bruce
Civil Engineering

subject:
Municipal Organic Waste
Wastewater Treatment
Biogas
Anaerobic Co-Digestion
Pre-Treatment

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-20 09:00:09.719

abstract:
In this project, by adding selected co-substrates and by incorporating optimum pre-treatment strategies, four experimental phases were conducted to assess the enhancement of biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion using wastewater treatment plant sludge as the primary substrate.
    In the first phase, the feasibility of using municipal organic wastes (synthetic kitchen waste (KW) and fat, oil and grease (FOG)) as co-substrates in anaerobic co-digestion was investigated. KW and FOG positively affected biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion, with ideal estimated substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratio ranges of 0.80-1.26 and 0.25-0.75, respectively. Combined linear and non-linear regression models were employed to represent the entire digestion process and demonstrated that FOG could be suggested as the preferred co-substrate.
    The effects of ultrasonic and thermo-chemical pre-treatments on the biogas production of anaerobic co-digestion with KW or FOG were investigated in the second phase. Non-linear regressions fitted to the data indicated that thermo-chemical pre-treatment could increase methane production yields from both FOG and KW co-digestion. Thermo-chemical pre-treatments of pH=10, 55°C provided the best conditions to increase methane production from FOG co-digestions.
    In the third phase, using the results obtained previously, anaerobic co-digestions with FOG were tested in bench-scale semi-continuous flow digesters at Ravensview Water Pollution Control Plant, Kingston, ON. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR) and digestion temperature (37°C and 55°C) on biogas production were evaluated. The best biogas production rate of 17.4±0.86 L/d and methane content 67.9±1.46% was obtained with thermophilic (55°C) co-digestion at HRT=24 days and OLR=2.43±0.15 g TVS/L•d.
    In the fourth phase, with the suitable co-substrate, optimum pre-treatment method and operational parameters identified from the previous phases, anaerobic co-digestions with FOG were investigated in a two-stage thermophilic semi-continuous flow co-digestion system modified to incorporate thermo-chemical pre-treatment of pH=10 at 55°C. Overall, the modified two-stage co-digestion system yielded a 25.14±2.14 L/d (with 70.2±1.4% CH4) biogas production, which was higher than that obtained in the two-stage system without pre-treatment.
    The positive results could provide valuable information and original contribution to justify full-scale investigation in a continuing research program and to the field of research on anaerobic co-digestion of municipal organic wastes.

abstract: PhD


title: Experiments and Modeling on the Stress Relaxation Near a Notch in Zr-2.5Nb

contributor:
Daymond, Mark R.
Holt, Richard A.
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
Stress Relaxation
Thermal Creep

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-20 19:39:30.593

abstract:
As an important structural component in CANDU reactor, the pressure tube, made of coldworked Zr-2.5Nb, experiences a neutron flux under high pressure and elevated temperature during the reactor operation. Notches, existing as defects in the pressure tube, are usually the location where stress concentration and crack initiation happens, which seriously degrade the performance of the pressure tube. However, the concentrated stress at the notch area is expected to be relieved by thermal creep, reducing the possibility of crack occurrence.
In this study, synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments were conducted to collect the lattice strains near the notch in both irradiated and unirradiated Zr-2.5Nb samples which had experienced a thermal creep process for different time periods. Strain maps of the notch area were created for each sample. Stress relaxation over the time is discussed for both parallel and perpendicular to the loading direction and also compared between {10 -10} and {0002} orientations. A FE model was set up for the unirradiated materials, which was verified by the experimental results.
This work provides an understanding of the stress relaxation near a notch in Zr-2.5Nb and the stress/strain distribution during the thermal creep, which provides valuable information on the assessment of the reactor operation.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Likelihood-Based Modulation Classification for Multiple-Antenna Receivers

contributor:
Kim, Il-Min
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Modulation Classification
Estimation Theory
Cramer Rao Lower Bound

abstract: Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-21 00:51:43.938

abstract:
Prior to signal demodulation, blind recognition of the modulation
scheme of the received signal is an important task for intelligent
radios in various commercial and military applications such as
spectrum management, surveillance of broadcasting activities and adaptive
transmission. Antenna arrays provide spatial diversity and increase channel
capacity. This thesis focuses on the algorithms and performance analysis of
the blind modulation classification (MC) for a multiple antenna receiver configuration.

For a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) configuration with unknown channel amplitude, phase, and noise variance, we
investigate likelihood-based algorithms for linear digital MC. The existing
algorithms are presented and extended to SIMO. Using recently proposed blind estimates of the unknown parameters, a
new algorithm is developed. In addition, two upper bounds on the classification performance of MC
algorithms are provided. We derive the exact Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLBs) of joint estimates of the unknown parameters for one- and two-dimensional amplitude modulations. The asymptotic behaviors of the CRLBs are obtained for the high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) region. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy of the CRLB expressions and confirm that the expressions in the literature are special cases of our results. The classification performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the existing algorithm and upper bounds. It is shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing one significantly with reasonable computational complexity.

The proposed algorithm in this thesis can be used in modern intelligent radios equipped with multiple antenna receivers
and the provided performance analysis, i.e., the CRLB expressions,  can be employed to design practical systems involving estimation of the unknown parameters
and is not limited to MC.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Examining Social Capital and Depressive Symptoms: Tackling Measurement Debates, Neighbourhood Correlates, and Gender Differences

subject:
neighbourhood
gender
depressive symptoms
social capital
networks
depression

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-21 09:32:28.57

abstract: Depression is the most common mental illness worldwide, and although aspects of the social environment, including social capital and neighbourhood disadvantage, have been linked to depression, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Debates within the social capital and neighbourhood disadvantage literatures have yielded mixed findings in studies of depression and an understanding of how social capital may differentially relate to symptomatology in men and women must be solidified. In the first manuscript of this thesis, I assess whether (1) network and psychosocial measures of individual social capital are each associated with depressive symptoms, and (2) the association varies according to whether the capital lies outside or inside an individual’s neighbourhood. The second manuscript investigates whether: (1) neighbourhood disadvantage has a stronger association with depression in women compared to men and (2) if specific social capital factors mediate the association between neighbourhood disadvantage and depression. Data came from the Montreal Neighbourhood Networks and Healthy Aging Study conducted in 2008. Data included telephone interview responses from 2624 adults from 300 census tracts in the Montreal metropolitan area. The CESD-10 instrument was used to assess depressive symptoms. Name and position generator instruments and self-reported questions were used to assess psychosocial and network components of social capital. Multilevel logistic regressions adjusted for a range of socio-demographic and economic characteristics. Manuscript 1 results indicated that core tie diversity as well as the psychosocial measures of generalized trust, trust in neighbours, and perceptions of neighbourhood cohesion may be beneficial to those suffering from depressive symptoms. Manuscript 2 results, stratified by gender, indicated that neighbourhood disadvantage was associated with depressive symptoms in women only and that perceived neighbourhood cohesion mediated this association. Core tie diversity, generalized trust and trust in neighbours were associated with depression in women but did not act as mediating variables. It is suggested that network and psychosocial, as well as general- and neighbourhood specific measures of social capital be included in studies of depressive symptoms. Health promotion initiatives meant to combat depression may wish to consider the gender differences in the design and implementation of neighbourhood or peer-based programs.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Chromosomal Determinants of Aminoglycoside Resistance in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

contributor:
Poole, R. Keith
Microbiology and Immunology

subject:
Antibiotic Resistance
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

abstract: Thesis (Master, Microbiology & Immunology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-21 21:27:23.303

abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen found in soil and aquatic environments that possesses a broad range of intrinsic antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including a highly impermeable outer membrane and several RND-type efflux pumps that export a number of clinically relevant antibiotic classes. Chronic P. aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients gradually develop high levels of resistance to antimicrobial therapy due to conditions that favour the acquisition and selection of numerous chromosomal mutations, the nature of which are poorly understood. To identify chromosomal contributors to aminoglycoside resistance a P. aeruginosa transposon mutant library was screened for increases in aminoglycoside susceptibility. Six genes of interest (pstB, lptA, faoA, amgR, PA0392, and PA2798) were identified, the deletion of which meaningfully decreased aminoglycoside minimum inhibitory concentrations in wild-type P. aeruginosa. Combinations of gene deletions were constructed to determine if any of these genes contributed to aminoglycoside resistance via a common mechanism or whether they operated independently to promote intrinsic aminoglycoside resistance. In all cases, double deletion had an additive impact on aminoglycoside susceptibility, suggesting that each gene of interest contributes to resistance through an independent mechanism. Deletions in pstB, lptA, faoA, amgR, PA0392, and PA2798 were introduced into pan-aminoglycoside-resistant CF-lung isolates where they dramatically compromised aminoglycoside resistance, indicating that these genes also contribute to acquired aminoglycoside resistance in chronic P. aeruginosa infections. A fluorimetric assay was developed to measure aminoglycoside-induced membrane depolarization using the voltage sensitive probe DIBAC4(3). Gentamicin-induced membrane depolarization was found to be substantially increased in the amgR, pstB, and PA0392 mutant strains when compared to wild-type P. aeruginosa. These increases in depolarization paralleled declines in cell viability as measured by a gentamicin killing assay, suggesting that the cytoplasmic membranes of these mutant strains are more sensitive to the membrane perturbing effects of aminoglycoside-induced mistranslated proteins, and supporting a role for the disruption of the selective barrier of the cytoplasmic membrane in the bactericidal activity of the aminoglycosides. This study describes novel contributors to intrinsic and acquired aminoglycoside resistance in P. aeruginosa, and highlights the importance of membrane functions in resisting these activities.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: The Effect of Combined Resistance and Cognitive Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults

contributor:
Tschakovsky, Michael E.
Kinesiology and Health Studies

subject:
Brain derived neurotrophic factor
Cognitive function
Insulin like growth factor-1
Resistance training
Aging
Cognitive training
Exercise

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-21 15:29:35.509

abstract: Older adults who stay physically and mentally active appear to have better cognitive function compared to their less active counterparts.  In fact, those who perform either regular exercise or cognitive training (CT) can maintain and improve their cognitive functioning, even in their later years.  Resistance training (RT) causes an increase in specific hormones that are responsible for improved brain functioning; however, many questions about how these hormones respond to RT are unanswered.  Understanding how these hormones respond to RT can help researchers and clinicians create optimal training programs for older adults.  Research shows that combining exercise and CT may be better for the brain compared to either activity performed alone; however, nobody has looked at RT combined with CT.  We believe that combining RT and CT where CT is performed when an individual’s hormones are highest (right after RT) could have a big effect on brain function in a short period of time.  This work represents a two-part study looked at: 1) how these hormones respond to a session of RT, and 2) the effect of combined RT and CT on cognitive function in older adults.  Our participants performed CT immediately after RT, 3 times per week for 8 weeks.  Specific hormones which are important for brain function were measured immediately before and for 2 hours after an acute bout of RT before and after 8-weeks of RT.  Cognitive function was measured before and after the RT training period.  Our primary findings were: 1) significant increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor immediately after RT and 2) participants cognitive function improved after 8 weeks of training. This is important because short-term combined RT and CT can lead to significant improvements in cognitive functioning.  Also, this work will allow researchers to begin designing exercise programs that can maximize the brain’s ability to change, even at an old age.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Assessment of the Effects of Habitat, Harvest and Community Interactions on the Abundance of Walleye Sander Vitreus in Inland Lakes Throughout Ontario

contributor:
Tufts, Bruce L.
Biology

subject: Ecology Fisheries

abstract: Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-21 18:23:34.119

abstract: Walleye (Sander vitreus) is an important species to the recreational fishery throughout Ontario.  Fish community interactions between walleye and other species are rarely considered when establishing management targets which may lead to the creation of conflicting management objectives.  Other studies that have focused on competitive interactions between species have typically focused on interactions between two species in isolation of the remaining species within the fish community and considered only a small subset of lakes.  My study examined how the presence/absence of multiple species within the fish community affects the abundance of walleye across a broad spectrum of habitat conditions and fisheries.    A Schaefer model was modified by distinguishing carrying capacity into a habitat and fish community component to account for between lake differences in suitable habitat prior to testing for interactions.  Walleye catch-per-unit effort (CUEW, kg/net) was assessed in 140 Ontario lakes using the Fall Walleye Index Netting Protocol.   An all subsets approach was used to estimate parameters in a multiple regression.  Fish community and fishing pressure were significant predictors in explaining walleye abundance (adjusted R2=0.45, p<0.001).  The presence of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomeiu) were significant negative predictors in the top model (αbluegill = -1.54, partial r2=0.1; αsmallmouth = -0.28, partial r2=0.03).  In many studies, smallmouth bass have also been found to have a significant diet overlap with walleye.  These interactions present challenges when establishing management objectives for mixed fisheries.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: From cessation of south-directed mid-crust extrusion to onset of orogen-parallel extension, NW Nepal Himalaya

contributor: Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering

subject:
Tectonics
Geochronology
Himalaya
Thermochronology
Geology
Microstructure
Structural Geology

abstract: Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-23 02:16:09.326

abstract:
Field mapping and, structural, microstructural, and chronological analyses confirm the existence of a segment of the Gurla-Mandhata-Humla fault, an orogen-parallel strike-slip dominated shear zone in the upper Karnali valley of northwestern Nepal. This shear zone forms the upper contact of, and cuts obliquely across the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS). Data from this study reveal two phases of GHS deformation.
Phase 1 is characterized by U-Th-Pb monazite crystallization ages (~26–12 Ma, peak ~18–15 Ma), consistent with typical Neohimalayan metamorphic ages, and the final stages of south-directed extrusion of the GHS.
Phase 2 is characterized by south-dipping high-strain foliations and intensely developed ESE-WNW trending, shallowly plunging mineral elongation lineations, indicating orogen-parallel extension. Thermochronology of muscovite defining these fabrics implies that the area was cooling and experiencing orogen-parallel extension by ~15–9 Ma. Mineral deformation mechanisms and quartz c-axis patterns of these fabrics record a rapid increase in temperature from ~350°C along the shear zone, to ~650°C at ~2.5 structural km below the shear zone. Such temperature gradients may be remnants of telescoped and/or flattened isotherms generated during south-directed extrusion of the GHS.
Overprinting ESE-WNW fabrics record progressive deformation of the GHS at lower temperatures. Progressive deformation included a significant component of pure shear, as indicated by symmetric high-temperature quartz c-axis fabrics and a lower-temperature vorticity estimate (~59% pure shear). A transition in c-axis fabrics from type I to type II cross-girdles at ~ 1.2 km below the fault could indicate a transition from plane strain towards constriction. Together, these data suggest orogen-parallel extension was occurring as a result of transtension.
This study reveals a transition from south-directed extrusion of the GHS to orogen-parallel extension between ~15–13 Ma. Comparing these data with tectonic events across the Himalaya reveals an orogen-wide middle Miocene transition, coeval with the uplift of eastern Tibet. This is consistent with interpretations invoking radial spreading of Tibet and east-directed lower-crustal flow to explain orogen-parallel extension. Our study leads to the suggestion that a transition affecting mid- to lower-crustal processes may be responsible for the cessation of south-directed extrusion of the GHS and onset of east-directed lower-crustal flow.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Feedback Stabilisation of Locally Controllable Systems

contributor:
Lewis, Andrew D.
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
Feedback Stabilisation
Geometric Control Theory

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-24 10:24:22.51

abstract:
Controllability and stabilisability are two fundamental properties of control systems and it is intuitively appealing to conjecture that the former should imply the latter; especially so when the state of a control system is assumed to be known at every time instant. Such an implication can, indeed, be proven for certain types of controllability and stabilisability, and certain classes of control systems. In the present thesis, we consider real analytic control systems of the form $\Sgr:\dot{x}=f(x,u)$, with $x$ in a real analytic manifold and $u$ in a separable metric space, and we show that, under mild technical assumptions, small-time local controllability from an equilibrium $p$ of \Sgr\ implies the existence of a piecewise analytic feedback \Fscr\ that asymptotically stabilises \Sgr\ at $p$. As a corollary to this result, we show that nonlinear control systems with controllable unstable dynamics and stable uncontrollable dynamics are feedback stabilisable, extending, thus, a classical result of linear control theory.

Next, we modify the proof of the existence of \Fscr\ to show stabilisability of small-time locally controllable systems in finite time, at the expense of obtaining a closed-loop system that may not be Lyapunov stable. Having established stabilisability in finite time, we proceed to prove a converse-Lyapunov theorem. If \Fscr\ is a piecewise analytic feedback that stabilises a small-time locally controllable system \mbox{$\Sgr:\dot{x}=f(x,u)$} in finite time, then the Lyapunov function we construct has the interesting property of being differentiable along every trajectory of the closed-loop system obtained by ``applying" \Fscr\ to \Sgr.

We conclude this thesis with a number of open problems related to the stabilisability of nonlinear control systems, along with a number of examples from the literature that hint at potentially fruitful lines of future research in the area.

abstract: PhD


title: Interrogating Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Large-Scale Mining in Colombia

contributor:
Soederberg, Susanne
Cultural Studies

subject:
Juridical Frameworks
Sustainable Development
Representations
Languages
Páramo
Discourses
Social Movements
Colombia
Small Farmers
Small Miners
Large-Scale Mining
Cities
Post-Development

abstract: Thesis (Master, Cultural Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-24 10:28:50.601

abstract:
In this thesis, I examine the case of the Canadian-based multinational mining corporation GreyStar resources Ltd. in Colombia. Angosturas is GreyStar’s large-scale gold mining project in the sensitive wet highland of páramo de Santurbán in the northeast of the Andes. Although GreyStar has undertaken explorations in this area since 1994, Colombia’s Ministry of Environment denied the environmental license to the company to start with extractions in 2011. I suggest that the government’s decision must be understood in the context of massive mobilizations against the project in large cities such as Bucaramanga and Bogotá as well as the principle of sustainable development (hereafter SD). The latter forms part of the 1991 Colombian constitution, and thus, through this legal presence, is considered to provide environmental protection in the country. Despite this government’s recent ruling, GreyStar (which renamed itself ‘Eco Oro’ after the 2011 decision) and other mining companies (e.g. Ventana Gold) have continued their quest to gain permission to begin with extractions in Santurbán.

I explore why these continued attempts to persuade the government regarding extraction licensing is possible. In doing so, I critically investigate the principle of SD, which is central to the resolution by which the Ministry of the Environment denies the environmental license to Eco Oro (GreyStar). In other words, this thesis asks why SD allows for the classification of large-scale mining as a ‘common-good’ activity, which has negative implications on attempts to designate certain ecosystems (e.g. páramo) as common-goods on the basis that there are to be sustained as such, and therefore, an unequivocal moratorium on large-scale mining in these ecosystems is necessary. What and whose common-good does large-scale mining in sensitive ecosystems represent? I argue that in the scope of SD, commoditized nature is vulnerable to the volatility of markets and corporate profitability. This thesis is a criticism of SD and the limitations it places on hearing certain kinds of languages and discourses that resist the key assumptions of SD. The case study allows for addressing a gap in the existing literature, which is the distinctive situation of no legally considered ethnic minorities (e.g. small farmers, small miners, and the cities).

abstract: M.A.


title: Assessment of Thermal Heating for the Removal of Chlorinated Solvents From Fractured Bedrock

contributor:
Kueper, Bernard H.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Thermal Heating
Chlorinated Solvents
Fractured Bedrock

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-24 11:30:16.52

abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of thermal heating for the removal of chlorinated solvents from fractured rock. The study included a laboratory experimental program, a field pilot study demonstration and a mathematical modeling component. In the laboratory experimental program, thermal heating parameters, such as operational temperature, heating duration, and the corresponding degree of contaminant removal, were evaluated through a series of heating tests. To evaluate the effect of heating temperature and heating duration on the degree of contaminant mass removal, two different heating profiles were utilized during the experiments. Additionally, seven types of rock and two common contaminants were selected to evaluate the effect of thermal heating on different geological media impacted with different chlorinated compounds. In general, results showed that heating duration had the most significant effect on the degree of contaminant mass removal in post-remedy samples. Results showed that a higher porosity in combination with a lower organic content facilitates the removal of chlorinated solvents from the rock matrix. A Thermal Conductive Heating (TCH) pilot test was implemented by TerraTherm, Inc. at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) in West Trenton, NJ to assess the performance of TCH for the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) and daughter products (i.e cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC))  from fractured bedrock. Results showed that treatment removed 318.5 kg of TCE, DCE and VC, from the treatment zone, of which 62.6 kg were recovered from the rock matrix. A total of 63 % TCE, 65.8 % of DCE and 90.4% of VC were removed during heating. Finally, Semi-analytical solutions were derived to evaluate back diffusion in a fractured bedrock environment where the initial condition comprises a spatially uniform, non-zero matrix concentration throughout the domain. It was concluded that the time required to reach a desired fracture pore water concentration is a function of the distance between the point of compliance and the upgradient face of the domain where clean groundwater is inflowing. Hence, shorter distances correspond to reduced times required to reach compliance.

abstract: PhD


title: A Model for Run-time Measurement of Input and Round-off Error

contributor:
Dean, Thomas R.
Kelly, Diane
Computing

subject:
Computing
Scientific Software
Round-off Error
Sensitivity Analysis
Automated Tools
Case Study
Dynamic Analysis

abstract: Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-24 14:12:25.659

abstract:
For scientists, the accuracy of their results is a constant concern.  As the programs they write to support their research grow in complexity, there is a greater need to understand what causes the inaccuracies in their outputs, and how they can be mitigated.  This problem is difficult because the inaccuracies in the outputs come from a variety of sources in both the scientific and computing domains.  Furthermore, as most programs lack a testing oracle, there is no simple way to validate the results.

We define a model for the analysis of error propagation in software.  Its novel combination of interval arithmetic and automatic differentiation allows for the error accumulated in an output to be measurable at runtime, attributable to individual inputs and functions, and identifiable as either input error, round-off error, or error from a different source.  This allows for the identification of the subset of inputs and functions that are most responsible for the error seen in an output and how it can be best mitigated.  We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model by analyzing a small case study from the field of nuclear engineering, where we are able to attribute the contribution of over 99% of the error to 3 functions out of 15, and identify the causes for the observed error.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: LiDAR and WorldView-2 Satellite Data for Leaf Area Index Estimation in the Boreal Forest

contributor:
Treitz, Paul
Geography

subject:
Remote Sensing
Forestry
Leaf Area Index
Boreal Forest
Regression
LiDAR

abstract: Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-24 16:18:09.96

abstract:
Leaf Area Index (LAI) is an important input variable for forest ecosystem modeling as it is a factor in predicting productivity and biomass, two key aspects of forest health. Current in situ methods of determining LAI are sometimes destructive and generally very time consuming. Other LAI derivation methods, mainly satellite-based in nature, do not provide sufficient spatial resolution or the precision required by forest managers. This thesis focused on estimating LAI from: i) height and density metrics derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR); ii) spectral vegetation indices (SVIs), in particular the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); and iii) a combination of these two remote sensing technologies.
In situ measurements of LAI were calculated from digital hemispherical photographs (DHPs) and remotely sensed variables were derived from low density LiDAR and high resolution WorldView-2 data. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models were created using these variables, allowing forest-wide prediction surfaces to be created. Results from these analyses demonstrated: i) moderate explanatory power (i.e., R2 = 0.54) for LiDAR models incorporating metrics that have proven to be related to canopy structure; ii) no relationship when using SVIs; and iii) no significant improvement of LiDAR models when combining them with SVI variables.
The results suggest that LiDAR models in boreal forest environments provide satisfactory estimations of LAI, even with low ranges of LAI for model calibration. On the other hand, it was anticipated that traditional SVI relationships to LAI would be present with WorldView-2 data, a result that is not easily explained. Models derived from low point density LiDAR in a mixedwood boreal environment seem to offer a reliable method of estimating LAI at a high spatial resolution for decision makers in the forestry community.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Episodic Memory Function in Autism and Asperger's Syndrome: A Scoping Review

contributor:
Berg, Derek
Hutchinson, Nancy L.
Education

subject:
Autism
Episodic Memory

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-24 16:42:01.194

abstract: “Despite the fact that memory in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been researched for over fifty years, there has been very little in the way of attempts to synthesize or codify the findings” (Boucher & Bowler, 2008, p. xv).  It is the intent of this thesis to address this need specifically for episodic memory function in individuals with autism or Asperger’s syndrome.  A scoping review was conducted on episodic memory function in this population and the findings are used to: (1) produce an episodic memory profile for individuals with autism or Asperger’s syndrome; and (2) identify gaps in the existing literature for future areas of study.  The framework for the search criteria was based on Lind and Bowler’s (2008) claim of development of episodic memory being dependent on three cognitive abilities: (1) concept of self; (2) meta-representation; and (3) temporal cognition.  Implications for teaching practice were discussed in light of the findings.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: Effect of Microstructure on Retained Austenite Stability and Tensile Behaviour in an Aluminum-Alloyed TRIP Steel

contributor:
Pilkey, A. Keith
Boyd, Doug
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject: Retained Austenite Stability

subject: Work Hardening

subject: Microstructure

subject: Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) Steels

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-24 16:52:28.032

abstract:
Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels have excellent strength, ductility and work hardening behaviour, which can be attributed to a phenomenon known as the TRIP effect. The TRIP effect involves a metastable phase, retained austenite (RA), transforming into martensite as a result of applied stress or strain. This transformation absorbs energy and improves the work hardening rate of the steel, delaying the onset of necking.

This work describes two distinct TRIP steel microstructures and focuses on how microstructure affects the RA-to-martensite transformation and the uniaxial tensile behaviour. A two-step heat treatment was applied to an aluminum-alloyed TRIP steel to obtain a microstructure consisting of equiaxed grains of ferrite surrounded by bainite, martensite and RA -- the equiaxed microstructure. The second microstructure was produced by first austenitizing and quenching the steel to produce martensite, followed by the two-step heat treatment. The resulting microstructure (labelled the lamellar microstructure) consisted of elongated grains of ferrite with bainite, martensite and RA grains. Both microstructural variants had similar initial volume fractions of RA. A series of interrupted tensile tests and ex-situ magnetic measurements were conducted to examine the RA transformation during uniform elongation. Similar tests were also conducted on an equiaxed microstructure and a  lamellar microstructure with similar ultimate tensile strengths.

Results show that the work hardening rate is directly related to the RA transformation rate. The slower transformation rate, or higher RA stability, that was observed in the lamellar microstructure enables sustained work hardening at high strains. In contrast, the equiaxed microstructure has a lower RA stability and thus exhibits high values of work hardening at low strains, but the effect is quickly exhausted. Several microstructural factors that affect RA stability were examined, including RA grain size, aspect ratio, carbon content and spatial distribution of the phases. Two of these factors were characteristic of only the lamellar microstructures and led to higher RA stabilities: elongated RA grains and RA grains being primarily surrounded by bainite. The results were also compared with previous work on a silicon-alloyed TRIP steel to show that the aluminum-alloyed compositions could achieve similar, if not better, combinations of strength and ductility.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB is the Dominant Mitogen for Intestinal Smooth Muscle Cells in the Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid Model of Rat Colitis

contributor:
Blennerhassett, Michael G.
Biology

subject:
Intestinal Inflamation
Intestinal Smooth Muscle Cells
TNBS
Mitogen
IGF-1
PDGF-BB

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-24 19:26:57.201

abstract: In normal adult physiology, intestinal smooth muscle cells (ISMC) are characterized as contractile and non-proliferative. Inflammation induces permanent changes to the intestine including hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer largely due to smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. While the consequences of this hyperplasia are largely unknown, increased muscularis mass may present permanent challenges to organ motility.  Similar SMC hyperplasia is observed in other inflammatory pathologies including atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) where SMC de-differentiate into a ‘synthetic’ phenotype and the mitogens responsible for hyperplasia have been well studied. However, there are limited investigations of SMC mitogens in intestinal inflammation. The identification of these factors may be of critical importance in the case of intestinal strictures, whereby recurring inflammation can lead to bowel obstruction requiring surgical intervention.  A novel, primary rat ISMC model was developed to identify the factors responsible for ISMC proliferation in vitro. Primary ISMC cultures are likely more representative of SMC in vivo than the commonly used late-passage cultures. As such, this primary ISMC model is valuable in the evaluation of mitogens involved in the onset of proliferation.  This primary ISMC model was used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of potential mitogens including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB. This work identified IGF-1 and PDGF-BB as ISMC mitogens. However, multiple lines of evidence indicated that PDGF-BB was a more potent mitogen and the involvement of PDGF-BB was subsequently examined in vivo using the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of rat intestinal inflammation.  While control ISMC lacked expression of the PDGF-BB receptor (PDGF-Rβ), robust expression was observed within only 6 hr following the induction of TNBS inflammation. By Day 2, when ISMC proliferation in vivo is maximal, freshly isolated ISMC showed on-going PDGF-Rβ activation that was further increased by exogenous PDGF-BB.  Taken together, the conclusions from this work in vitro identify PDGF-BB as a potent ISMC mitogen in vivo. Further, this work establishes PDGF-BB and its receptor as potential targets in the medical treatment of intestinal stricture formation.

abstract: PhD


title: Reducing the Effects of MRI Acoustic Noise Using Micro-Perforated Panels

contributor:
Johnsrude, Ingrid S.
Mechefske,Chris K.
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
Micro-Perforated Absorber
Auditory fMRI
MRI Acoustic Noise

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 16:54:41.118

abstract:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the field of cognitive neuroscience as it allows researchers to noninvasively map brain function in response to stimulus or task demands. However, the acquisition of MR images generates substantial acoustic noise, so that imaging studies of speech, language and hearing are problematic.

One proven solution for reducing acoustic noise in MRI scanners is the use of micro-perforated panels placed in the bore of the scanner.  They can be applied to existing scanners with minimal cost and are suitable for sterile environments.  Although these panels result in quantifiably lower noise levels, measured with microphones in an empty MRI, the improvement has not been quantified with a patient in the scanner bore, which dramatically affects the acoustic noise field.

This thesis tested the reduction of noise inside the MRI environment using a previously designed micro-perforated acoustic absorber panel.  These panels resulted in quantifiably lower noise levels with a volunteer in the scanner bore, however the reduction was not sufficient for significant differences in volunteer perceptions. Volunteers were generally unable to perceive a difference in noise between scans with and without absorbers and no reduction of fatigue was observed.  Also no significant change in cortical activity was found between scans done with and without absorbers during an auditory function MRI study.  Further testing could include designing a micro-perforated acoustic absorber for a specific scan sequence for maximum attenuation.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Planning and Management in Eastern Ontario’s Protected Spaces: How do science and public participation guide policy?

contributor:
Whitelaw, Graham S.
Environmental Studies

subject:
Outdoor Recreation
Biodiversity Science
Environmental Planning
Park Management
Public Participation

abstract: Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 08:55:09.118

abstract:
Providing opportunities for outdoor recreation and maintaining ecological integrity are primary management objectives for protected spaces in the public domain, but as visitation and visitor expectations change, a balance must be maintained between environmental and visitor use that is consistent with management goals.
There is an increasing dependence on public participation in protected area management to compensate for an increasing budgetary gap between desired and actual management states. The Investigator explores how science, public perception, and collaborative relationships with stakeholders influence management planning and what the effect has been on management action. How has that balance between visitor use and environmental preservation objectives been affected?
Three case study sites were selected in eastern Ontario: a national park, a provincial park, and a municipal forest. For each site, semi-structured interviews with staff and stakeholders were conducted, guiding legislation and supporting documents were analysed, and site observational evidence was collected. The data was analyzed using methodological triangulation and McCracken’s (1988) four-part method of inquiry.
The results identified each site’s management goals and the management planning and action utilized to achieve those goals. The integration of environmental science and the role of public perception and participation are described as well as the nature of the management response. The discussion identifies management trends across the three governmental levels, characterising how ecological integrity and visitor use are managed, the impact of funding on management action, and the role and influence stakeholders have achieved at each site.
Findings revealed trends from federal to municipal governance, principally: i) operational funding decreases; ii) the influence and dependence on public participation and stakeholder collaboration increases; iii) the importance of environmental preservation objectives decrease while ‘use’ associated objectives increase. Critically however, it was observed that when funding levels are below the threshold required to comply with stated management goals, protected area management becomes more reactive and tends to favour ‘use’ related objectives over environmental preservation objectives despite land managers’ best intentions.

abstract: M.E.S.


title: Improving High Performance Networking Technologies  for Data Center Clusters

contributor:
Afsahi, Ahmad
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Data centers
Cluster Computing
High Performance Networks

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 09:43:55.262

abstract:
This dissertation demonstrates new methods for increasing the performance and scalability of high performance networking technologies for use in clustered computing systems, concentrating on Ethernet/High-Speed networking convergence.  The motivation behind the improvement of high performance networking technologies and their importance to the viability of modern data centers is discussed first.  It then introduces the concepts of high performance networking in a commercial data center context as well as high performance computing (HPC) and describes some of the most important challenges facing such networks in the future. It reviews current relevant literature and discusses problems that are not yet solved.
Through a study of existing high performance networks, the most promising features for future networks are identified.  Sockets Direct Protocol (SDP) is shown to have unexpected performance issues for commercial applications, due to inefficiencies in handling large numbers of simultaneous connections.  The first SDP over eXtended Reliable Connections implementation is developed to reduce connection management overhead, demonstrating that performance issues are related to protocol overhead at the SDP level.  Datagram offloading for IP over InfiniBand (IPoIB) is found to work well.
In the first work of its kind, hybrid high-speed/Ethernet networks are shown to resolve the issues of SDP underperformance and demonstrate the potential for hybrid high-speed networking local area Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) technologies and Ethernet wide area networking for data centers.
Given the promising results from these studies, a set of solutions to enhance performance at the local and wide area network level for Ethernet is introduced, providing a scalable, connectionless, socket-compatible, fully RDMA-capable networking technology, datagram-iWARP.  A novel method of performing RDMA Write operations (called RDMA Write-Record) and RDMA Read over unreliable datagrams over Ethernet is designed, implemented and tested.  It shows its applicability in scientific and commercial application spaces and is applicable to other verbs-based networking interfaces such as InfiniBand.
The newly proposed RDMA methods, both for send/recv and RDMA Write-Record, are supplemented with interfaces for both socket-based applications and Message Passing Interface (MPI) applications.  An MPI implementation is adapted to support datagram-iWARP. Both scalability and performance improvements are demonstrated for HPC and commercial applications.

abstract: PhD


title: Militarized Gender Performativity: Women and Demobilization in Colombia’s FARC and AUC.

contributor:
Conaghan, Catherine
Bakan, Abigail
Political Studies

subject: Women Demobilization

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 09:45:29.283

abstract:
Abstract
Women are usually represented as victims in the literature on conflict and conflict resolution. While women are indeed victims of violence in the context of conflict, this representation excludes the experiences of women who have joined and fought in illegal armed groups. Little is known about the lives of women who fight alongside men in illegal militarized organizations. These women are often overlooked during peace negotiations and in the design and implementation of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration programs, affecting their conditions and experiences during the transition to civilian life. The Colombian conflict presents an important case study regarding the militarization of women in illegal armed groups, and the experience of demobilization, and is the focus of this dissertation. To address this case study, the concept of “militarized gender performativity” is advanced, drawing on the works of Cynthia Enloe and Judith Butler. In the Colombian case, both left–wing and right–wing armed groups have incorporated women into their ranks. This research elucidates the effects of non–state militarism on the social processes that produce and reproduce gender systems in two of Colombia’s illegal armed groups, uncovering how the FARC and the AUC construct, negotiate, challenge, or reinforce gender roles.  The research indicates that there are significant differences in the way this is done. Interviews with ex–combatants from the FARC and the AUC show that women’s sexuality plays a central role in the militarization of women combatants in both organizations, but there are specific policies that establish the nature of the relationships in each group. These differences represent distinct militarized femininities which maintain aspects of traditional gender relations while transforming others according to the needs of the organization in question. The transformation of gender identities in each of the armed groups reveals the performative nature of gender roles in a militarized context.

abstract: PhD


title: The Progress of Discipline: An Examination of Safe Schools Policies in Ontario's Education System (1999-2011), From the Politics of Exclusion to the Conditions of Inclusion

contributor:
Lewis, Magda Gere
Education

subject:
Policy, School Discipline
Education

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Education) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 13:08:48.594

abstract: In 2001 the Progressive Conservative government led by Mike Harris (1995-2002) implemented an authoritative discipline regime in Ontario schools that epitomized the law and order values of contemporary neoconservative rule in the Canadian context. Central to the character of this regime was the enforcement of safe schools through the exclusion and punishment of some of the most vulnerable students. In 2005, the Ontario Human Rights Commission initiated a complaint against the Ministry of Education, alleging that the discipline policies were disproportionately and adversely affecting racialized students and students with disabilities. In response, in 2007 the Liberal government led by Dalton McGuinty (2002 - present) introduced what it called progressive discipline policies. These policies reflect therapeutic values of early intervention and support, offering incentives for students to remain actively involved and engaged with the school community. This shift, from an authoritative to a progressive mode of discipline, is less an indication of a successful political effort to implement equitable discipline policies in education; instead, it is more an indication of the repositioning of these policies within neoliberal relations of power. I argue that progressive discipline policies do little more than change the forms through which marginalization and exclusion are carried out in Ontario schools.

abstract: I am restricting this thesis because I am an employee of the Ontario Public Service and I do not wish to have my arguments made public at this time.

abstract: PhD


title: Migratory timing, fitness, and behaviour in a Neotropical migrant songbird: insights from long-term data and experiments

contributor:
Ratcliffe, Laurene
Biology

subject:
American redstart
phenology
density dependence
migration

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 13:17:33.172

abstract:
Migratory birds face the distinct challenge of travelling between widely separated and environmentally distinct areas for their breeding and non-breeding periods. They may be faced with different pressures at different points in their life cycle, and a solid understanding of the drivers of individual fitness and population demography is crucial to understanding the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of their populations. In this thesis, I combine long-term data and experimental manipulations to study migratory patterns and arrival dynamics, density dependence, and reproductive behaviour in a long-distance migratory bird, the American redstart.
First, I show that non-breeding season weather is associated with redstart phenology on the breeding grounds. Greater winter rainfall corresponds to earlier arrival and egg-laying dates at both the population and individual level, indicating that individual birds may be able to adjust their phenology in response to conditions in winter. Furthermore, I demonstrate these associations independently at two breeding populations at opposite sides of the redstart breeding range and their corresponding putative non-breeding areas: greater rainfall in Jamaica and Mexico was associated with advanced redstart phenology in Ontario and Alberta, respectively. Second, I performed a manipulation experiment to delay the arrival of male redstarts to the breeding grounds. I show that delayed males suffer reduced fledging success in comparison to early-arriving males that bred early or late, but equivalent success in comparison to males that arrived and bred late. These results provide evidence against the importance of either timing or individual quality, but instead suggest that other aspects of quality, namely mate and territory quality, may be important factors driving the success of early-arriving males. Third, I examine the consequences of density dependence for reproductive success and mating behaviour in a population of redstarts for which I showed density-dependent population growth over a period of 11 years. Greater breeding density, both at an annual scale and at a local scale, was associated with reduced success and greater paternity loss. Overall, my findings contribute to a broader understanding of the selective pressures and regulatory mechanisms acting on migratory birds, from the individual up to the population level.

abstract: PhD


title: Dense Particle Cloud Dispersion by a Shock Wave

contributor:
Ciccarelli, Gabriel
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
Particle
Shock tube
Dispersion
Shock wave

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 14:15:37.615

abstract: High-speed particle dispersion research is motivated by the energy release enhancement of explosives containing solid particles.  In the initial explosive dispersal, a dense gas-solid flow can exist where the physics of phase interactions are not well understood. A dense particle flow is generated by the interaction of a shock wave with an initially stationary packed granular bed. The initial packed granular bed is produced by compressing loose aluminum oxide powder into a 6.35 mm thick wafer with a particle volume fraction of 0.48. The wafer is positioned inside the shock tube, uniformly filling the entire cross-section. This results in a clean experiment where no flow obstructing support structures are present. Through high-speed shadowgraph imaging and pressure measurements along the length of the channel, detailed information about the particle-shock interaction was obtained. Due to the limited strength of the Mach 2 incident shock wave, no transmitted shock wave is produced. The initial “solid-like” response of the particle wafer acceleration forms a series of compression waves that coalesce to form a shock wave. Breakup is initiated along the periphery of the wafer as the result of shear that forms due to the fixed boundary condition. Particle break-up starts at local failure sites that result in the formation of particle jets that extend ahead of the accelerating, largely intact, wafer core. In a circular tube the failure sites are uniformly distributed along the wafer circumference. In a square channel, the failure sites, and the subsequent particle jets, initially form at the corners due to the enhanced shear. The wafer breakup subsequently spreads to the edges forming a highly non-uniform particle cloud.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Terrance Houle and Adrian Stimson: Exploring Indigenous Masculinities

contributor:
Jessup, Lynda
Cultural Studies

subject:
Performance
Indigenous Methodologies
Indigenous Masculinities
Canadian Art
Indigenous Studies
Indigenous Art
Curating

abstract: Thesis (Master, Cultural Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 21:04:21.008

abstract: The exhibition “Terrance Houle & Adrian Stimson: Exploring Indigenous Masculinities” showcased the performance art of Terrance Houle (Blood/Ojibway) and Adrian Stimson (Siksika) at the Union Gallery in Kingston, Ontario from March 20th to March 22nd, 2012. Both artists used the occasion to interrogate how Indigenous identities are constructed and perceived. The artists’ interaction with the audience and the space of the gallery itself acted to destabilize lingering colonial beliefs about Indigenous identity. This thesis explores how the Kingston performances investigate the historical construction of Indigenous masculine identities. Through the artists’ own embodiment of historical knowledge (both colonial and Indigenous knowledges) and their interaction with the audience and gallery space, the performances challenged and reimagined colonial perceptions of Indigenous masculine identity as a singular, static form. The performances served to translate alternative knowledges about Indigenous men and models of Indigenous masculinity, a dynamic I analyze in this thesis as a larger set of tactics and effects available to artists decolonizing Indigenous masculinities.

abstract: M.A.


title: Coupled multicomponent NAPL dissolution and transport in the subsurface: analytic solutions and forensic aspects

subject:
NAPL weathering
Reactive transport
Laguerre series
PCB

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 21:43:29.04

abstract: Dissolving multicomponent NAPL as a source of contamination in subsurface water is considered. In particular, two processes are analyzed with regard to how they alter inter-species concentration ratios at remote monitoring locations relative to inter-species molar ratios in the NAPL: nonlinear dissolution governed by Raoult’s Law and differential sorption during subsurface transport. An analytic solution for Raoult’s Law-governed dissolution is presented. Separately, it is shown how a variety of 1D analytic transport models for simple boundary conditions may be adapted to use arbitrary time-varying concentrations by use of some properties of Laguerre series. This is combined with the analytic solution so that Raoult’s Law-governed multicomponent NAPL dissolution may be employed as the boundary condition for analytic transport models. A new computer model implementing this technique in an environment of discrete, parallel fractures is presented, and its accuracy verified for specific conditions against an existing code. The new code is applied to a parametric study on the plume separation of PAH and phenolic compounds from the dissolution of creosote. Narrow fracture spacing as well as significant values of matrix organic carbon are seen as particularly conducive to separation of these types of plumes, which in some circumstances may be entirely disjoint. Concentration ratios downgradient are shown largely unrelated to concentration ratios at the source. Finally, a study of PCB speciation is undertaken in fractured rock with known parameters, for which a rigorous, least squares speciation approach is developed. Even at distances of 5 m from the source, given perfect information about the subsurface, it is found not possible to chemically fingerprint a source PCB mixture from a list of three absent a model of the weathering of the NAPL. Both the PCB and creosote studies demonstrate that forensic inference of source compositions from field data is unreliable and the need for coupled dissolution and transport models like the one developed here.

abstract: PhD


title: Lateral Septal Regulation of Anxiety

contributor:
Menard, Janet L.
Neuroscience Studies

subject:
hippocampus
defensive behaviours
lateral septum
emotion
neuropeptide Y
anxiety

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 18:02:11.172

abstract:
The lateral septum is heavily implicated in anxiety regulation, with lesions or
pharmacological inhibition of this region suppressing rats' defensive responses in various rat models of anxiety. My first objective was to explore the functional relationship between the lateral septum and its major afferent structure, the ventral hippocampus. Although these structures are extensively connected, it was not clear if they work in concert to regulate anxiety-like behaviours. This idea was tested using a pharmacological disconnection technique, whereby communication between these two structures was disabled by infusing the GABAA agonist muscimol into one side of the lateral septum and the contralateral side of the ventral
hippocampus. Increases in open-arm exploration were evident when muscimol was co-infused into one side of the lateral septum and the contralateral ventral hippocampus. By contrast, open arm exploration was not altered when muscimol was co-infused into one side of the lateral
septum and the ipsilateral ventral hippocampus. These results support the contention that the ventral hippocampus and the lateral septum regulate rats' open arm exploration in a serial fashion, and that this involves ipsilateral projections from the former to the latter site.
My second objective was to further characterize the neuropharmacological aspects of lateral septal regulation of behavioural defence. The lateral septum contains high levels of NPY Y1 and Y2 receptor binding sites in the brain, yet little is known about their contribution in anxiety regulation at this site. Therefore, the second aim of my thesis was to characterize the contribution of NPY and its Y1 and Y2 receptor subtypes in the lateral septal regulation of anxiety in the elevated plus maze, novelty-induced suppression of feeding, and shock-probe burying tests. I determined that distinct NPY receptors differentially contribute to NPY-mediated anxiolysis in a test specific manner, with the Y1 receptor mediating NPY-induced anxiolysis in the novelty-induced suppression of feeding test, and the Y2 receptor mediating NPY13-36-induced anxiolysis in the plus-maze test. Taken together, the results from these studies reinforce the view that the regulation of anxiety involves a variety of different, yet overlapping neural processes.

abstract: PhD


title: Shallow Urban Tunnelling Through Heterogeneous Rockmasses: Practical Experience From Small Scale Tunnels in Calgary, Alberta and the Influence of Rockmass Layering on Excavation Stability and Support Design

contributor: Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering

subject:
Rock Support
Tunnelling

abstract: Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 20:56:52.083

abstract:
Shallow excavations through variable rockmasses in urban centers present significant design challenges, whether considering small diameter tunnels for utilities or large span underground caverns. In designing shallow excavations in urban environs, it is especially critical to minimize the impact of the excavation on surface.
	In small diameter projects, minimal surface disturbance is often achieved by the employment of TBMs as the excavation method. While reducing the risk of surface subsidence due to displacements in front of the face, TBM progress is sensitive to variable ground conditions and the TBM design must be appropriately matched to the expected geology. Sufficient understanding of the geology and development of geological models are critical in the selection of an appropriate TBM and cutting tools. In this study, recent projects in Calgary, AB are used to highlight the challenges faced with using TBMs through sedimentary rock with distinct, variable units.
	In larger scale projects, long term excavation stability is critical in the reduction of surface disturbance.  Due to the low confining stresses, structural failure is often the primary failure mode in shallow excavations, especially within fractured, heterogeneous rockmasses. In these cases, numerical methods are often used in excavation design. The ability of numerical methods to capture the expected failure modes of shallow excavations through layered rockmasses is explored, with an emphasis placed on the ability of support elements to reduce shear slip for increased stability. Passive bolt models are analysed using both 2D and 3D numerical models to adequately capture the behaviour of a passive support system in shear. The shortcomings of some current support models are discussed, and modifications are suggested.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Software Architecture-Based Failure Prediction

contributor:
Zulkernine, Mohammad
Computing

subject:
Connection Dependence Graph
Error detection
Control Flow Graph
Failure prediction
Software Architecture

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 23:44:12.356

abstract: Depending on the role of software in everyday life, the cost of a software failure can sometimes be unaffordable. During system execution, errors may occur in system components and failures may be manifested due to these errors. These errors differ with respect to their effects on system behavior and consequent failure manifestation manners. Predicting failures before their manifestation is important to assure system resilience. It helps avoid the cost of failures and enables systems to perform corrective actions prior to failure occurrences. However, effective runtime error detection and failure prediction techniques encounter a prohibitive challenge with respect to the control flow representation of large software systems with intricate control flow structures. In this thesis, we provide a technique for failure prediction from runtime errors of large software systems. Aiming to avoid the possible difficulties and inaccuracies of the existing Control Flow Graph (CFG) structures, we first propose a Connection Dependence Graph (CDG) for control flow representation of large software systems. We describe the CDG structure and explain how to derive it from program source code. Second, we utilize the proposed CDG to provide a connection-based signature approach for control flow error detection. We describe the monitor structure and present the error checking algorithm. Finally, we utilize the detected errors and erroneous state parameters to predict failure occurrences and modes during system runtime. We craft runtime signatures based on these errors and state parameters. Using system error and failure history, we determine a predictive function (an estimator) for each failure mode based on these signatures. Our experimental evaluation for these techniques uses a large open-source software (PostgreSQL 8.4.4 database system). The results show highly efficient control flow representation, error detection, and failure prediction techniques. This work contributes to software reliability by providing a simple and accurate control flow representation and utilizing it to detect runtime errors and predict failure occurrences and modes with high accuracy.

abstract: PhD


title: A Musculoskeletal Model of the Lower Limbs and its Application to Clinical Paediatric Orthopaedics

contributor:
Pelland, Lucie
Rehabilitation Science

subject: Modeling Orthopaedics Paediatrics

abstract: Thesis (Master, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-26 10:37:20.752

abstract:
Articular cartilage accrual occurs predominantly during childhood and adolescence, with the magnitude, direction, and pattern of internal joint loads directing the cartilage growth. If any of these factors of the joint loading are abnormal, it can predispose these children to degenerative knee joint disease as an adult. To provide an estimate of the internal joint loads, a paediatric-focused, static optimization-based lower limb model was developed, compared to recorded sEMG, and analyzed for sensitivity to changes in ground reaction force and muscle attachment site.

The model was found to provide consistent predictions of joint contact force predictions ranging from 0.01 to 0.35xBW with standard error of 8% to 17%, with the exception of left knee medial-lateral shear at 108%. Muscle force predictions related well to sEMG, with the standard error ranging from 14% to 36%, except for gastrocnemius lateral at 104%. The model was sensitive to variations in the ground reaction force vector, with a maximum deviation of 0.11 xBW determined as a result of a ±5% variation in GRF.

The model was found to be sensitive to clinically relevant deviations in muscle attachment site. Maximum knee anterior shear was significantly changed (p < 0.05) with a 1cm posterior quadriceps insertion deviation, maximum lateral shear with a posterior semimembranosus deviation, and maximum medial shear with a posterior or medial quadriceps deviation. No deviations caused statistically significant changes in compression. Statistically significant change in joint contact force could not be predicted based on changes in muscle moment arm, but could be indirectly predicted by the predicted muscle forces.

The model’s uniform convergence and sensitivity to variations in input indicate that the model is sufficiently reliable and robust. This sensitivity suggests that the model is capable of adapting to altered loading conditions and musculoskeletal geometry, either due to deformity or corrective procedure. The model was therefore deemed to be a strong platform for developing clinically specific models for analyzing internal knee loads in a diverse paediatric population.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Open Secularism and the New Religious Pluralism

contributor:
Kymlicka, Will
Philosophy

subject:
secularism
freedom of religion
laïcité
religious diversity

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Philosophy) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-26 10:50:03.663

abstract:
Although we have developed modes of governance of religious diversity to accommodate the weak level of religious pluralism which characterized Western societies until recently, it is not clear that these modes of governance can meet the challenges raised by the new and deeper form of religious diversity characterized by a growing gap between the self-understandings of religious and secular citizens as well as by an increasing number of religious groups due to contemporary patterns of immigration.
	Freedom of conscience and equality between the adherents of different churches have historically been secured by a separation between state and religion. However, contemporary political theorists disagree about the shape that this separation should take. Some defend a model of institutional pluralism which requires the state to equally support and recognize different religious groups by providing them with the means to set up their own pervasively religious social institutions. Others put forth a restrictive secularist model according to which religion should be privatized. There should be a strict separation between the public and the religious spheres to ensure that no religion is privileged or disadvantaged by the state.
However, I argue that both approaches fail to meet the challenges raised by the arrival of new religious minorities within Western societies. Accommodation of religious diversity through separate institutions is not required by equality and freedom of conscience. Moreover, since it favours institutional segmentation along religious lines, it fails to provide favourable conditions for the integration of new immigrant groups. Strict secularism requires that religious expressions be severely restricted in the public sphere and thus heavily limit freedom of conscience. Moreover, since the public sphere is never fully neutral, strict secularism fails to equally protect the freedom of new religious groups.
How can we then achieve the two apparently irreconcilable goals of integrating new minorities and of protecting their freedom and equal status? The thesis that I defend is that these goals can be reconciled by an approach of open secularism based on the reasonable accommodation of religious diversity within shared public institutions.

abstract: PhD


title: Predictors of Up-to-Date Colorectal Cancer Screening and Patient-Centred Care in Family Health Team Primary Care Practices

contributor:
Lévesque, Linda E.
Green, Michael
Community Health and Epidemiology

subject:
Health Services Research
Primary Care

abstract: Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-27 15:21:12.794

abstract: Introduction: The Family Health Team (FHT) is an Ontario-based initiative that aims to provide primary care through multidisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals.  Little is known about variability between and within teams, and whether certain organizational characteristics are associated with quality of patient care.  Objectives: (1) To describe FHT-level organizational characteristics for seven FHTs in Southeastern Ontario. (2) To examine the role of physician-level organizational characteristics in predicting: (a) Up-to-date colorectal cancer screening and (b) episodic patient-centredness for patients within seven FHTs in Southeastern Ontario. Methods: This study employed linked datasets obtained from surveys of seven FHTs, 115 health care providers (including 41 family physicians) and 998 patients, as well as a chart abstraction.  Statistical analyses included performing subject-specific multilevel multivariate modeling.  Results: (1) FHTs varied on characteristics including length of time of practice operation, number of patients, existence of personnel policies, team makeup and team climate. (2) (a) Patient uptake of colorectal cancer screening was associated with average duration of regular routine visit OR=0.88 per minute (95% CI 0.83-0.94), patient gender male OR=2.00 (95% CI 1.22-3.28), general checkup in past 2 years OR=9.03 (95% CI 5.18-15.73), travel time less than or equal to 20 minutes OR=1.53 (95% CI 0.94-2.48), and usually see regular provider OR=0.40 (95% CI 0.19–0.87).  Patient uptake or physician recommendation of colorectal cancer screening demonstrated similar associations, with the absence of travel time and the addition of team climate (family physician and nurses) OR=5.88 (95% CI 0.98-35.24), patient occupational status employed vs. retired OR=0.49 (95% CI 0.23–1.02), patient occupational status not employed vs. retired OR=0.42 (95% CI 0.16–1.13), and patient smoking status never vs. ever OR=0.59 (95% CI 0.37–0.96). (b) Episodic patient-centredness was associated with patient born in Canada 0.1119 (95% CI -0.0040-0.2278), seeing regular healthcare provider today 0.1449 (95% CI 0.0426-0.2472), physician-patient gender concordance 0.1019 (95% CI 0.0128-0.1910), and appointment length 0.006929 (95% CI 0.003554-0.010304). Discussion: Further research is needed to examine predictors of the quality of patient care at the practice, physician and patient levels.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: The Role of ALDH1A3 in Normal and Transformed Mammary Gland Development

contributor:
Mueller, Christopher
Pathology and Molecular Medicine

subject:
Breast cancer
ALDH

abstract: Thesis (Master, Pathology & Molecular Medicine) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-26 13:59:08.166

abstract: Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) have been used as stem cell markers in a variety of tissues, including the breast. However, it is currently unknown whether ALDH family members participate in normal mammary development or breast cancer. In this study, we set out to elucidate a role for one such protein, ALDH1A3, in mammary luminal cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. We have identified three ALDH1A3 splice variants in breast cell lines, raising the question of whether alternative splicing contributes to cancer development by altering ALDH1A3 activity. We also observed impaired cell motility and defective differentiation in normal breast cell lines cultured in the presence of diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB), a general inhibitor of ALDH activity, suggesting that certain ALDH family members are important for these processes. Based on preliminary in vitro experiments monitoring morphology of breast cell line acini formation and differentiation, doxycyclin-inducible lentiviral TRIPZ-shALDH1A3 pools did not show any obvious defects in differentiation. In addition to this finding, ALDH1A3 mRNA expression levels in primary breast tumour samples (n=39) did not significantly correlate with age, histological grade or hormone receptor status (p-value>0.05). Overall, the results of this study suggest that while ALDH1A3 itself may not be directly involved in breast morphogenesis or cancer formation, other ALDH family members function to facilitate differentiation and cell motility, processes which are important both for normal mammary gland development as well as cancer progression and metastasis.

abstract: M.Sc.