title: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Volcanology and Development of the Archean Manitou Group, Northwestern Ontario, Canada

contributor:
Walker, R.G.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
The Archean Manitou Group occurs as a northeast-southwest trending arcuate belt in the central part of the Wabigoon greenstone belt, northwestern Ontario. The Manitou Group is mainly conglomerate, sandstone, tuff, tuff-breccia, and argillite, with minor lavas (somewhat alkaline), and iron formation. Mapping has established four formations: the Cane Lake, Sunshine Lake, Uphill Lake, and Mosher Bay. The Uphill Lake includes two members: the Surprise Lake and Rush Bay.

The Manitou Group lies upon a thick sequence of pillowed and massive basalts with minor volcanogenic sandstones and argillites. They formed a large submarine platform upon which the pyroclastic and sedimentary units of the Manitou Group were constructed.

The Cane Lake Formation is dominated by thick, massive, heterolithic tuff-breccias deposited as lahars and ignimbrites, with minor air-fall tuffs. They form a subaerial volcanic pile built up by explosive volcanic activity and modified by very minor aqueous reworking.

The Sunshine Lake Formation partly intertongues with, and partly overlies the Cane Lake formation. It is composed of intermediate, somewhat alkalic, massive subaerial lava flows.

The Uphill Lake Formation overlies the Sunshine Lake Formation and intertongues with the Cane Lake Formation. Near the Cane Lake Formation, the Uphill Lake Formation consists of massive, coarse pyroclastic breccias identical to the Cane Lake Formation, but away from the contact (north-eastward), it grades into more thinly bedded volcanogenic conglomerate and sandstone with rare cross-bedding. This portion of the formation has been interpreted as an alluvial fan composed of reworked material derived from the volcanic cone of the Cane Lake Formation. Further east, the Uphill Lake Formation is not exclusively volcanogenic but also contains granite, iron formation, chert, and quartz clasts, and displays abundant large-scale (up to 1 m) cross-bedding in both conglomerates and sandstones.

This eastern part of the formation represents the deposits of a braided fluvial system.

The Surprise Lake Member occurs near the base of the Uphill Lake Formation and is a small, thin unit of laminted siltstone and argillite considered to represent a lacustrine deposit.

The Rush Bay Member is a highly variable group of siltstones, argillites, volcanogenic and quartzose sandstones, conglomerates, tuffs, and tuff-breccias occupying the top of the Uphill Lake Formation. From its stratigraphic position, the member could be interpreted as a coastal or shallow marine deposit, but, unfortunately, it is entirely without any diagnostic features.

The Mosher Bay Formation is an assemblage of argillites, sandstones, conglomerates, and minor iron formation of the Resedimented Association at the top of the Manitou Group. The sandstones are classical turbidites, and the conglomerates are confined to lenses. The lenses probably represent channels cut into the finer sediments, on a series of submarine fans. The presence of these deep-marine conglomerates and the terrestrial conglomerates of the Uphill Lake Formation at Manitou negates the notion that conglomerates define basin margins.

Paleoflow data for the Cane Lake and Uphill Lake Formations indicate that a single pyroclastic cone to the west shed volcanic debris, whereas in the east a braided stream deposited material from a different source.

There is wide variability among the Archean greenstone belts described to date. However, they commonly have 1) a mafic volcanic base upon which a felsic volcanic pile is built, 2) Non-marine Association sedimentary rocks followed stratigraphically by the Resedimented Association, 3) a lack of identifiable shallow-marine or coastal deposits, 4) terrestrial sedimentary environments indicative of high relief, and 5) sialic debris introduced early. Increased sialic contents stratigraphically upwards appear to be related more to diminishing volcanism than increased exposure of plutons. These suggest that Canadian Archean landmasses were small, had high relief and steep shorelines, were composed of mixed volcanic and plutonic rocks, and were tectonically active. This contrasts sharply with the stable continents of the South African Shield.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Reclamation of Indian Historical Icons and Indian Identity.

contributor:
Bowerbank, Sylvia
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: Reclamation of Indian Historical Icons and Indian Identity studies how aboriginal artists-playwrights, filmmakers, and authors-use their art to take back appropriated Indian historical icons from their place in the colonizers' imperialist history, and to create representations of Indians that counteract the stereotypical ones created by the colonizers. Sherman Alexie and Monique Mojica work in a number of different genres, and their methods of text production are different, but both make extensive use of popular culture to expose the falseness of the colonizers' representations of Native Americans. Monique Mojica's plays act to reclaim Pocahontas, Sacajawea, and other female icons from imperialist history. She dismantles the "good Indian", exposing the way this stereotype was constructed and what role it serves in imperialist ideology. The film Smoke Signals (1998), directed by Chris Eyre and written by Sherman Alexie, dismantles the stereotypes created by the dominant culture through the visual media. Sherman Alexie's most recent short story collection works to create contemporary representations of Native Americans and explores the problems of identity. In examining how these texts deconstruct the colonizers' representations of Indians, the mechanisms of knowledge construction are exposed. This type of awareness is especially important for a citizen in the "Information Age".

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Thistle Hill: A New Look at the Late Archaic

contributor:
Ramsden, Peter G.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This report discusses the excavation and analysis of the Southern Ontario Late Archaic Thistle Hill site (AhGx-226). Excavations concentrated on two house floors with Internal storage pits and hearth(s), delineating the site margins, recovering artifacts from the topsoil and features, and reconstructing paleo-environment through pollen, floral and faunal analyses, and comparative data. The site is interpreted within a cultural ecological framework using paleo-environmental and physiographic data. As well, this report examines some of the assumpt10ns associated with the Late Archaic, such as the littoral/inland, summer/winter, macro/microband dichotomies. Artifact and environmental analyses indicate a correlation between Small Point site location and microenvironment exploitation. A microenvironment-oriented subsistence model is postulated for all of the Late Archaic.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Struggling on Many Fronts: Gender, Work and Unionization

contributor:
Cuneo, Carl J.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: In the early 1980s, during the most severe economic crisis in Canada since the Great Depression, workers in a textile and garment factory in Montreal chose to unionize. This would seem to be a curious initiative to undertake since the industrial relations literature argues that workers tend not to seek unionization during periods of recession. The central purpose of this thesis is to refute this argument and to question the "appropriate time" for organizing so prevalent in the industrial relations literature. Using Richard Edwards' "contested terrain" thesis, I argue that the union drive represents the workers' opposition and resistance to their employer and to the latter's restructuring strategies of the factory and working conditions. Through an investigation of the workers' reasons for seeking a union, combined with an analysis of the labour process in the factory, I challenge the mainstream industrial relations writers' characterization of workers as "passive", and ideologically undifferentiated from that of the employing class. This thesis makes a second argument that the heterogeneity of the workforce in the factory, and the diversified production processes across the six floors of the factory, hindered the successful development of worker solidarity, ultimately resulting in the defeat of the union drive. A well organized anti-union campaign within and outside the factory complicated the union's organizing task. The data for this thesis was gathered through fieldwork observation and a series of interviews with men and women shopfloor workers, union organizers, management personnel, and the owner of the factory. This research project was carried out from June to early September 1988.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Critical Heat Flux for a Downwards Facing Disk in a Subcooled Pool Boiling Environment

contributor:
Luxat, John C.
Novog, David
Novog, David
Engineering Physics

subject:
Critical Heat Flux Pool Boiling
Heat Transfer, Combustion
Nuclear Engineering
Heat Transfer, Combustion

abstract:
An experimental investigation of the physical feasibility of thermal creep failure of the Calandria Vessel under a severe accident load is presented in this thesis. Thermal creep failure is postulated to occur if film boiling is instigated in the Shield Tank Water surrounding the Calandria Vessel. The objective of this experimental study is to measure the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) for a representative geometry in environmental conditions similar to those existing in the CANDU Calandria Vessel and Shield Tank Water.
Two geometries of downwards facing surfaces are studied. The first is termed the ‘confined’ study in which bubble motion is demarcated to the heated surface. The second is termed the ‘unconfined’ study where individual bubbles are free to move along the heated surface and vent in any direction.
The method used in the confined study is novel and involves the placement of a lip surrounding the heated surface. The level of confinement is adjusted by varying the inclination angle. Data has been obtained for Bond Numbers (Bo) 0, 1.5, 3, 3.6 and 11.8 with corresponding qCHF 596, 495, 295, 223, and 187 kW/m2, respectively. A correlation relating the CHF to level of confinement is stated. The CHF results are in good agreement with Theofanous et. al. (1994), as is the observation that a transition angle is observed in the correlation. The transition angle in this study is found to be ~5.5°. The obtained nucleate boiling curves are compared to Su et. al. (2008) data for similar Bo and excellent agreement is achieved in the medium to high heat flux regions.
The unconfined study consists of a downward facing plate in a pool of subcooled water. The obtained nucleate boiling curve is compared with the Stephan-Andelsalam correlation and agreement is not observed. There were visibly different trends in the convective heat transfer coefficient with a mean difference of 31%. The experimental data is compared to data obtained by Nishikawa et. al. (1984) and is found to be in acceptable agreement. The power requirement to instigate film boiling was not met, meaning that the CHF is greater than 1 MW/m2. Visual observations are made and an argument is based on the premise that the phenomenon of dryout for a downwards facing surface is similar to that of an upwards facing surface. The theory and current acceptance of CHF for an upwards facing surface is discussed—in particular Zuber’s “Hydrodynamic Limit” of 1.1 MW/m2, Dhir (1992) and recent experimental evidence from Theofanous et. al. (2002). These three studies were found to be in agreement with results presented here.
The experimental evidence presented herein supports the statement that thermal creep failure of the Calandria Vessel is physically unreasonable under analyzed severe accident loads.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: "You never get lonely here": Community Creation in a Seniors' Housing Co-operative

contributor:
Cooper, Matthew O.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: As improved medical technology lengthens the time that old people are able to remain at home, the need for appropriate housing becomes more important. Housing designed for independent senior citizens should be more than a place to live. Housing options should provide residents with opportunities for friendships and a sense of community. This thesis applies an anthropological interpretation to the process of community building among the members in a senior citizens' housing co-operative located in Toronto, Ontario. Research was based upon participant observation, structured interviews with key informants, and written sources. In addition to identifying factors which promoted or obstructed a sense of community in this particular co-op, comparisons are made to other age-segregated housing options, as described in the literature. Co-op housing is affordable and the opportunities for selfmanagement and participation in decision-making are qualities which lend themselves to the lifestyle of older, retired individuals, with the necessary time and experience. This thesis shows that older people living in co-ops develop informal, reciprocal networks to assist each other to cope with declining physical abilities. These findings also suggest that this phenomenon is likely facilitated by the close friendships formed by living in a co-operative community. A problem exists, however, when the co-op is composed solely of older members who will become increasingly less able to participate in the day-to-day operation of the co-op. This thesis explores the ways in which one senior citizens' co-op has struggled to address this issue. This research indicates that co-operative housing provides many benefits to senior citizens and that there should be more co-op units allocated to them. Co-ops offer opportunities for older people to exercise their independence and autonomy. They also encourage interdependence and mutual self-help. The study of old people in their home environments is a rich subject for further anthropological fieldwork. -

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Observations on some Mechanisms of Host Finding and Host Selection in the Simuliidae and Tabanidae (Diptera)

contributor:
Davies, D.M.
Biology

subject:
Biology
Life Sciences
Biology

abstract: Observations and experimental data concerning the attraction of simuliids to carbon dioxide and odors from birds and of tabanids to carbon dioxide are presented. The role of these attractants in orientation behavior is discussed. These observations led to the development of an hypothesis of feeding behavior. The relationship be- tween attraction and host preferences is discussed.


title: The Construction of Gender in the Promise Keepers' Movement: Ambiguity and the Process of Expanding Market Share

contributor:
Howard, R.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis examines the discussion of gender in the Promise Keepers' movement. The research presented in the following pages is based upon 20 informal interviews with Promise-Keeping men from southwestern Ontario and participant observation at 2 stadium events. The evangelical men's movement maintains an ambiguous discussion of gender, simultaneously promoting both egalitarian and patriarchal concepts. Promise-Keeping men tend to discuss gender roles using one of three concepts: mutual submission, servant leadership, and re-claiming male authority. In discussing gender issues, many Promise Keepers display sensitivity to the feminist agenda. As a result, the research presented in this thesis undermines those who describe Promise Keepers as entirely patriarchal or anti-feminist. A market analogy is used to account for the ambiguity of the movement's discussion of gender. By maintaining an ambiguous discourse on gender, Promise Keepers attracts men who hold differing, if not contradictory, notions of the roles of men and women.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Application of Luminescence Techniques to Coastal Studies at the St. Joseph Peninsula, Gulf County, Florida

contributor:
Rink, W. J.
Geography and Geology

subject:
Geography and Geology
Geography
Geology
Geography

abstract:
The main objectives of this study are to use optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date quartz samples collected from dune ridges on the St. Joseph Peninsula, to test the feasibility of dating quartz from heavy mineral layers as a solution to the problems associated with the low luminescence signal inherent to young samples and to use the natural residual thermoluminescence (NRTL) signal in littoral zone quartz to study sediment transport in the nearshore zone.

All samples were collected from the St. Joseph Peninsula, part of a barrier island chain that stretches across the northern Gulf of Mexico. Dune ridge samples and offshore samples were collected from various locations along the length of the peninsula.

Frequency histograms, showing the distribution of equivalent doses (DE'S), were plotted for each of the dune ridge samples. Several samples have large DE'S relative to their DE distributions. There are two ways of obtaining grains with large doses and, therefore, large DE'S. The first is by proximity to other grains that are delivering high doses. The second is by incomplete zeroing. These possibilities are explored.

Based on the geometry of the ridges on the peninsula, the youngest dune ridges should be closest to the gulf side of the peninsula and the oldest ridges should be on the bay side. This is tested by obtaining OSL dates for a series of samples from the north end of the peninsula.

Two samples from storm deposits of a known age were collected. Results show that it is possible to date young samples by using quartz collected from heavy mineral layers. The high radiation dose delivered to the quartz by the heavy minerals makes it possible to obtain accurate dates on "modem" deposits.

The natural residual thermoluminescence (NRTL) signal of the littoral samples was analysed for trends related to grain size and sample position relative to longshore drift. This study shows that NRTL is a useful tool in studies of sediment transport in the nearshore and can be used as an alternative to other sediment tracing methods.

The results of this study are a significant contribution to both luminescence dating and coastal geology.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The English Coronation, 1660-1821:Elite Hegemony and Social Relations On A Ceremonial Occasion

contributor:
Fritz, Paul S.
History

subject: History History

abstract: The English coronation ceremony is an archaic and feudal remnant from the distant past that nevertheless holds the power to captivate and enthral citizens of the modem British state. Sociologists and anthropologists have examined this, and other forms of royal ceremonial, in the attempt to determine the nature of the relationship between the internal structure and symbolic meaning of ceremony, and the public's enthusiastic acceptance of both the medium and the message. The coronation has received little interest from the historical profession, however, and so there is a pressing need to examine the ceremony in relation to the historical context in which it was created. In this thesis, the coronation ceremony is examined in relation to the context of the 1660-1821 period of British history, a time of change, conflict and crisis. It is demonstrated how the coronation was an important instrument of elite hegemony and reflected the nature and distribution of power in early modem English society. The form or structure of the coronation ceremony is explained in relation to the political and constitutional developments defining the relationship between the aristocracy and the monarchy in this period. Although this relationship was transformed due to shifts in the preponderance of power shared by these institutions, the coronation never ceased to be a conservative form of ceremonial which was resilient to change and continually celebrated the status, traditional authority and leadership of the rulers of a hierarchical society. The preparation and performance of the ceremony also served the needs of the ruling oligarchy: the coronation was an elite and private ceremony that helped define the solidarity of the rulers and, in all probability, contained little of significance for the middle and lower orders. The celebration of the coronation in English provincial centres also reveals the manner in which the coronation expressed the ideology of the civic elite and was meant to secure the acquiescence of the governed to the realities of elite hegemony. By the mid to late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, however, it appears that the nature and orientation of the coronation ceremony was being questioned by the middle and lower orders. The political, economic, and cultural transformation England underwent in this period undermined the traditional social relations between the rulers and the ruled, and the accompanying social tensions came to be expressed on Coronation Day. By the Reform Act, the coronation was an instrument of elite hegemony which increasingly came to be challenged by the elements of society seeking a share of political power.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Robe with No Seams: Boundaries and Ministry

contributor:
Vosburgh, Richard
Divinity College

abstract:
The Robe With No Seams: Boundaries and Ministry.

With more and more couples entering ministry, and at a later stage in life, there are increasing numbers of Dual Career Clergy in the churches. How do these couples manage to work together, live together, and socialize together? What are the stresses and strains that affect their relationships, and how do they build and maintain personal and professional boundaries to keep themselves healthy? This study was developed to explore the processes and dynamics involved in negotiating boundaries in the lives of Dual Career Clergy. Dual Career Clergy (DCC) are defined within this study as those clergy couples of which one member of the couple is an ordained, full--time leader in Christian ministry, and the other partner is either in ministry or another profession outside the home. The focus of the research was to identify the boundary creation and maintenance processes of clergy couples. There was little in the literature on the dynamics of boundary development, and so this foundational research on boundary issues was initiated. The project used a qualitative research process to review the input from interviews with eleven (11) DCC and to identify the factors that were instrumental in their boundary negotiation. This process identified five factors as being the primary elements of boundary definition: perceived values, roles, loci of activity, ii personality, and life stage. These sub-factors were operant in a negotiation process under the influence of "external expectations and pressures" and "internal expectations and pressures." The external demands·- coming at the Dee from their church or community -- and the internal demands were those coming either out of their interpersonal relationship or from each of them individually. It was in this "sphere of interaction" or "negotiation" that boundaries appear to be developed, The findings will be helpful to those involved in boundary research, the training and equipping of clergy, clergy support programs and those working with couples in dual, husband-wife, career programs in other fields.

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: THE DEACON AS SACRAMENT: AN ASSESSMENT AND REFLECTION ON THE SACRAMENTALPRESENCE OF TIllS APOSTOLIC OFFICE

contributor:
Badeoek, Gary
Divinity College

abstract: Deacon as Sacrament considers the identity of the deacon from a biblical, historical and theological perspective as well as from the experiences of deacons themselves. The findings drawn from this descriptive study contribute to an understanding of diaconal identity and provide a framework from which diaconal programs are able to develop the means to assist deacon candidates with incorporating the meaning of sacrament. The thesis project was prompted by two distinct opinions concerning the identity of the deacon. Should the deacon be considered a symbol, a concrete expression of the diakonia of Christ or as a service provider? According to the literature review both opinions were given equal support. Nevertheless, the descriptive portion of the study suggested that the identity of a deacon should not be restricted simply to a person authorized to perform certain functions. While the study discovered that certain duties and functions had been delegated to the sacred office of deacon, it also found that the Church restored the permanent diaconate as a means of acquiring a visible and concrete sign of the Church's diakonia in the world. While these two descriptions of diaconal identity are supported within various Church documents, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the sacramental role is critical to understanding diaconal identity. As a result, it is the author's thesis that the emphasis on function obscures a deacon's sacramental role. While the study demonstrated there was ample support for this conclusion, it also addressed the manner in which one merges the specific functions assigned to the sacred office with the responsibility of being a light for the world. Here the incarnational, sacramental and ministerial theologies advanced by Karl Barth, Eduard Schillebeeckx and Hans urs Von Balthasar were helpful. The work of these scholars provided not only a basis from which to consider how one might encounter Christ in another, but also illustrated how one could become a living testimony of Christ.

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: ΔiavoμaÌ: Distributions of Money in the Greek Cities of Roman Asia Minor.

contributor:
Slater, W.J.
Classics

subject: Classics Classics

abstract:
The distribution of money as small handouts is a practice, which is attested in both the Eastern and Western provinces of the Roman Empire. These gifts can, in the East, be seen as a development of Hellenistic euergetism, but they were also influenced by a parallel practice in the West. The groups in the East which received the handouts of money, διαvoμαí, correspond in general to the groups in the Roman West which received sportulae, divisiones and congiarii. Thus, the distribution of individual gifts of money in the Greek cities of Asia Minor can be studied as a measure of Romanization.

However, the manner in which the distributions themselves were conducted also serves as a measurement of Romanization, as there is evidence that διαvoμαí were provided on different occasions and to different groups of individuals before the advent of Roman control. Thus, distributions in the East were provided on the same occasions as those in the West, and, what is most important for the study of Romanization, the gifts were given in accordance with social rank: the higher an individual stood in the social hierarchy, the more he generally received. Such a stratification does not appear in Hellenistic distributions of meat, so that it is possible to attribute stratified gifts to the Romans.

To measure Romanization is not he only value of the διαvoμń-inscriptions, though. They provide an important perspective into the workings of individual cities, on both a public and a private level. Thus, they show us the efforts of wealthy individuals on behalf of their cities and regions, as well as their efforts on behalf of themselves.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Malays in Singapore: Political Aspects of the "Malay Problem"

contributor:
Nossal, Kim Richard
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: The social, economic, and cultural aspects of the "Malay problem" has received attention at the expense of political issues. There are glaring differences in perspectives on the sources of the Malay problem; however, the debate on the Malay problem has tended to attribute the source of "Malay weakness" to Malay culture or personality. As a consequence, there is a huge gap in the literature on the politics of the Singapore Malays; this thesis will focus on the political aspects of the Singapore Malay community. Whereas the administration views Malay cultural values as an obstruction to the acculturation of the Singapore Malays with "modem" functional values which encourage the acquisitive spirit and subsequently, the aspiration for economic success, the Malays argue that the problems afflicting the community extends into the political sphere. For the Malays, political issues are as significant and pressing as are the non-political aspects of their relative social, economic, and political weakness. This thesis examines the nature of the political difficulties afflicting the Singapore Malays in light of these conflicting views on the issue, by placing the study within the context of the political environment in order to explicate the impact and implications of that environment on the Malay problem. Both the political environment as well as the willingness and ability of the Malays to seize opportunities provided by that environment, are key variables in the issue of Malay political marginality.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The History of the Awakening of the Ilava Community of Kerala

contributor:
Younger, Paul
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
The Ilavas are the largest community in Kerala. They were traditionally considered outside the pale of "varna" and treated as "untouchables' by the higher castes. A member of the community Sri Narayana Guru (1855-1927) and his disciples introduced religious and social reforms that brought in an awakening among the Ilavas at the beginning of the twentieth century. The changes among the Ilavas brought them into a series of escalating confrontations between themselves and the supporters of the caste-structure.

This thesis focuses on the transformations of the Ilava community and analyses how they now fit into the larger social structure. It asserts that the awakening of the Ilava community should be understood as a process of "modernization". It is described as modernization because it is an indigenous, historical and ongoing process in which people participate consciously. The Ilavas in their awakening have incorporated the values of modernity into their culture without losing the core-values of tradition. The history of the awakening of the Ilavas is a case of the modernization of a traditional society.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Elogia of the Augustan Forum

contributor:
Eilers, Claude
Classics

subject: Classics Classics

abstract: The Augustan Forum contained the statues offamous leaders from Rome's past. Beneath each statue an inscription was appended. Many of these inscriptions, known also as elogia, have survived. They record the name, magistracies held, and a brief account of the achievements of the individual. The reasons why these inscriptions were included in the Forum is the focus of this thesis. This thesis argues, through a detailed analysis of the elogia, that Augustus employed the inscriptions to propagate an image of himself as the most distinguished, and successful, leader in the history of Rome.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE EVOLVlNG CONCEPT OF MISSION WITHIN CONGREGATIONS OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF CANADA

contributor:
Brackney, William H.
Divinity College

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This study is an examination of the evolving concept of mission within The United Church of Canada, and the implications that are presented for the funding of the mission of the church.

The roots of the concept of mission are traced from the biblical record of the Greek Testament. The ways in which the early church interacted with, and thrived within, the cultural, social, political, and economic realities of the first centuries C.E. are outlined.

The impact of the revolutionary changes implemented in the wake of Constantine's acceptance of (some might say promotion of) the Christian faith are reviewed in detail. While there is clear evidence to suggest that the church thrived and expanded within the Roman Empire in the centuries preceding the rule of Constantine, that emperor did establish a climate for the church to be viewed in a new light. The political and social acceptance of the church brought a new understanding of the relationship between the church and the world. To be a Christian was the accepted norm within society.

That understanding shaped much of the missionary activity up to the mid-twentieth century. The desire to preach "to the heathen" or to share the gospel "to the unchurched" was often linked to the expansionist economic interests of western enterprises. Mission for much of the eighteenth, nineteenth and early twentieth centuries could be characterized as "from the west to the rest. "

After World War II, with the growing influence of the World Missionary Councils, and the formation of the World Council of Churches in 1948, a new sense of partnership began to arise within missiological circles. Within The United Church of Canada, a pivotal point in the church's understanding of mission can be traced to the Commission on World Mission, established by the General Council in 1962, and which reported in 1966. Suddenly mission was no longer something we did to others, but mission was a "six continent reality" in which all parts of the inhabited world were considered appropriate sites for the mission of Christ. Encouragement was offered to expand the nature of the mission to include agricultura1 support, social workers, engineers, business advisers, accountants, etc. The report of this Commission on World Mission also urged the establishment of an Interfaith Dialogue position in the General Council office. Suddenly the call of Christ involved working with the very faith groups that the church sought to convert just a generation or two earlier.

In the changing realities of the 1990's, where authority of leadership is challenged, and where centralized power is reduced through a new branch-plant mentality, the church also has moved to an understanding of mission that is more local, hands-on, diversified, and concerned with people's basic needs. The final chapters of this thesis examine the views of a sampling of congregations responding to a survey on mission sent to them in the late summer of 1998. The information provided helps to paint a picture of the understanding of mission within the United Church today at the local level, and provides some pointers to the way in which stewardship education and mission promotion must be conducted in the future. Unless the church comes to grips with this movement to a locally-based mission, the mission activities of the denomination as a whole could be in peril in the very near future.

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: One-Thirteen From Babylon: Stewardship as a Pathway to Restoration

contributor:
Wood, William R.
Divinity College

abstract: ONE-THIRTEEN FROM BABYLON STEWARDSHIP AS A PATHWAY TO RESTORATION One-thirteen From Babylon integrates the themes of church renewal and stewardship. It offers a modern approach to stewardship based on the covenant community's experiences during the Babylonian Exile. Polarities within the exilic literature include the priest (law) calling for form, the deteronomist (prophets) calling for justice. In God's household both must exist in harmony. Within the Trinity, Father and Son exist in common substance, separate in function. The Spirit manages the tension that arises from such a relationship. To ensure such harmony within the covenant community a tension manager brings stability and communication to the law and the prophets. That tension manager is the steward. "Stewardship is the good and useful ordering of all resources for the purpose of ensuring justice." It is the author's thesis that church renewal can be achieved through stewardship understood as a communicator between the element of form (law) and the element of vision (prophets) . Within the Presbyterian Church in Canada the responsibility of stewardship is assigned to the Session through The Book of Forms section one-thirteen. Elders will be the leaders of congregations working toward renewal. Using the Exilic model, renewal will be a return from Babylon.Stewardship (for Presbyterians, section one-thirteen) is the means for leaving Babylon. Thus the thesis title: One thirteen from Babylon: Stewardship as a pathway to Restoration. Session elders were the focus group for the thesis project. To provide a learning tool for elders that they might take up the challenge to be responsible for stewardship, a stewardship booklet was written. Elders of three congregations read the booklet. The project tested for the occurrence of learning. The conclusion was that learning had occurred, that elders can assimilate the information on which to lay a renewal pathway. -

abstract: Doctor of Ministry (DMin)


title: The East German Opposition

contributor:
Coleman, W.D.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
This thesis focuses on the roles played by the Protestant Church and several social and political movements in the communist GDR and throughout the East Gennan transition to democracy. Where many other studies give only cursory treatment to these social forces, this thesis argues that they played a valuable role in building the foundation on which a democratic civil society could develop.

The thesis further argues that these church-based movements were similar in several important ways to New Social Movements in Western Europe. Moreover, the close, and at many times conflictual, relationship between the Protestant Churches and the social movements created under their umbrella, had an important influence on the ideology and structure of the variety of NSMs which developed. The lack of serious consideration given movement (and round table) proposals to build an egalitarian, ecological, and democratic socialist state in the GDR is explained by a number off actors: the marginal character of the movements themselves, their own internal weaknesses and at times overly moralistic approach, the speed with which events unfolded in the fall of 1989, and the great lack of legitimacy of the GDR itself, as a state that was never a nation. Finally, the thesis sheds new light on the reasons how and why this particular religious institution was able to play such a pivotal role in an atheistic state.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: What's Sex in the East is Not Necessary Sex in the West: Citrate, Sex and Human Skeletal Remains

contributor:
Saunders, Shelley
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
Human trabecular bone from seven historic cemeteries in southern Ontario and modern cadavers was analysed for chemical content using U.V-enzymatic lyase spectrometry. Citrate was the principal element of interest.

Ninety percent of total body citrate is contained within the adult human skeleton. The amount of citrate present in human bone is known to vary between bone types. Citrate accumulation in trabecular bone also varies between the sexes. This study was carried out in order to address two questions. First, is it feasible to compare trabecular bone citrate levels from different sites within a given region in order to make sex discriminatory inferences? That is, can variation through time in trabecular bone citrate content between the sexes be detected, and if present, does it exist in sufficient quantities in order to be used as a chemical means for the determination of the sex of human skeletal remains. Second, if valid comparisons can be made, what precision and reliability of sex discrimination is possible for incomplete or fragmentary remains?

Seven individuals historic cemeteries were chosen for this totalling forty-seven study. The earliest documented cemetery in the series was the St. Thomas Church cemetery, dating from ca. AD 1821 to ca. AD 1874. The usedates of four of the cemeteries (ie. Stirrup Court, Breslau, Wise and Harvie) were contemporaneous with the approximately fifty year time span of the St. Thomas Church cemetery. The remaining cemeteries (ie. Waterloo County Gaol and London County Gaol) post-date the rest of the series by only a few decades. Modern cadaver samples totalling twenty-five individuals of known age and sex were also assayed for trabecular bone citrate content.

Both the archaeological and modern human skeletal samples were analysed for trabecular bone citrate content by citrate lyase enzyme spectrometry. All analyses were performed using a DU-7 spectrophotometor. This technique provides good precision and reproducibility, and is specific for citrate only.

Results indicate that observed differences in trabecular bone citrate content of individuals within the seven cemeteries and the modern sample does not stem from testing different anatomical regions of the skeleton. There is also no evidence to show that citrate content varies substantially enough between the sexes within either the cemeteries or modern sample to justify the use of citrate levels as a chemical indicator of the sex of incomplete and/or fragmentary remains.

It is proposed that small sample size, intrinsic age, sex and geographic distribution, historical time and/or combinations of all of these variables affect adequate assessment of citrate content results derived from archaeological contexts. Finally, it is suggested that it is not possible to compare trabecular bone citrate levels of any individuals in order to determine their sex until more precise information concerning its location and depositon in human bone is known.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Design Algorithm for Arbitrary Phase and Amplitude Surface Acoustic Wave Filters

contributor:
Campbell, C.K.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract: The subject of this study is the development of a computer-aided-design tool that filter designers could use to obtain nonlinear phase and nonsymmetric amplitude responses for surface acoustic wave devices. To accomplish this, a design algorithm was developed that uses a Fast Fourier Transform to realize the time domain transform of the frequency domain specifications required by the designer. From this time domain solution an interdigital transducer (IDT) is synthesized that will approximate the design specifications. The next step in the algorithm is to analyse the synthesized IDT using an accurate charge distribution model for the IDT (the charge distribution model is developed in this thesis which gives the frequency domain response for the IDT). The frequency response is then compared to the input specifications so as to generate an error function. This error function is then used to predistort the input frequency domain specifications and the whole synthesis/analysis procedure is repeated iteratively until an acceptable solution is obtained. The algorithm is programmed and used to design 2 filters (3 separate IDT designs) for the nonlinear phase and nonsymmetric amplitude specifications for television intermediate frequency (TVIF) specifications. Using these designs, two filters were fabricated and tested to show the validity of the algorithm.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Methodological Comparison of Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography: Uncertainty in the Decision-Making Process of Policy-Makers Specific to the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

contributor:
Brouwers, Melissa
Driedger, M.
Giacomini, M.
Health Research Methodology

subject: systematic review

subject: meta-ethnography

subject: hpv vaccine

subject: uncertainty

subject: policy

subject: decision-making

subject: Community Health and Preventive Medicine

subject: Health Services Research

abstract:
Objectives:  (i) To determine the types and impact of uncertainty in the decision-making process of policy-makers regarding the implementation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. (ii) To determine the relative strengths and limitations of qualitative and quantitative knowledge synthesis methodologies as well as their contributing role to the policy-making regarding the HPV vaccine.

Methods: A systematic review and a meta-ethnography were conducted concurrently. Four different search strategies, of nine different databases, were used to target all potential quantitative and qualitative literature published from 1990 to 2011. Studies were selected after abstract and full-text screening by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved by consensus. English language studies of any study design that addressed the HPV vaccine and policy were eligible for inclusion. Quality appraisal of included studies was undertaken using available criteria and tools according to study design. The criteria sets by Tong and colleagues and CASP were used for the qualitative literature while the economic evaluations were appraised with criteria set by Nujiten and colleagues. Quality of the cross-sectional study was not systematically appraised. Data extraction forms were designed for each study type. The data extracted included: study characteristics, types of uncertainty, number of types within each study, policy decision measured as the authors’ final recommendation, and perceptions of the confidence of these recommendations as rated by the reviewers. Chi-square tests were conducted to determine if presence or absence of uncertainty influenced decisions. Pearsons Correlations were conducted to determine the relationship between the amount of uncertainty and perceived certainty of the decision. The qualitative analysis was conducted using steps outlined by Noblit and Hare to determine how studies were related, to translate studies into one another, and to synthesize translations.

Results: Of the initial pool (n= 865), 21 studies met inclusion criteria and were considered; 17 quantitative and 4 qualititative. (i) The simulation cohorts of the decision analytic models did not vary by study appreciably. Chi square analyses failed to find evidence that policy decisions were influenced by presence or absence of uncertainty. Further, no statistically significant correlation was found between amount of uncertainty and perceived certainty with the funding decision. At least four types of uncertainties were identified in each qualitative study including but not exclusive to cost, public acceptance due to the sexually transmitted nature of HPV, as well as the health care system’s ability to implement and monitor the vaccine. After employing the Noblit and Hare translation process, four broad types were identified: uncertainties around managing different public acceptability viewpoints, the manufacturer’s role and input, the actual vaccine’s characteristics, and the system’s ability to implement a vaccination program. (ii) Specific and measurable outcomes could only be identified a priori for the quantitative studies due to the nature of questions asked. Locating relevant qualitative studies was more complex and time-consuming due to variation in the manner that each study’s defining features and information are catalogued and searched. A lack of reporting in both the qualitative and quantitative studies disabled a thorough assessment of methodological quality. Data extraction only varied in the manner that the data was recorded. The quantitative results consisted of specific types of data (numerical or categorical) while qualitative results were descriptive.Within data analysis, the types of uncertainty were determined through reciprocal translation while the impact of uncertainty was tested using two statistical techniques. These differences highlight the rigidity and flexibility of quantitative and qualitative literature, respectively.

Conclusions: Using both qualitative and quantitative methods enabled a more complete understanding of the role of uncertainty within the decision-making process. Regardless of the methodology used, each type of knowledge synthesis method provided relevant data in regards to the HPV vaccine; simply from different perspectives.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: INVERSE SAMPLING PROCEDURES TO TEST FOR HOMOGENEITY IN A MULTIVARIATE HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION

contributor:
Childs, Aaron
Roman Viveros, Joseph Beyene
Mathematics and Statistics

subject: Inverse Sampling Procedures

subject: Homogeneity

subject: Multivariate Hypergeometric Distribution

subject: Target Probabilities

subject: Transfer Probabilities

subject: Potential Target Points

subject: Alternative Hypotheses

subject: Null Hypotheses

subject: Critical Values

subject: Powers

subject: Applied Statistics

subject: Multivariate Analysis

subject: Numerical Analysis and Computation

subject: Probability

subject: Programming Languages and Compilers

subject: Statistical Models

subject: Theory and Algorithms

subject: Applied Statistics

abstract:
In this thesis we study several inverse sampling procedures to test for homogeneity in a multivariate hypergeometric distribution. The procedures are finite population analogues of the procedures introduced in Panchapakesan et al. (1998) for the multinomial distribution. In order to develop some exact calculations for critical values not considered in Panchapakesan et al. we introduce some terminologies for target probabilities, transfer probabilities, potential target points, right intersection, and left union. Under the null and the alternative hypotheses, we give theorems to calculate the target and transfer probabilities, we then use these results to develop exact calculations for the critical values and powers of one of the procedures. We also propose a new approximate calculation. In order to speed up some of the calculations, we propose several fast algorithms for multiple summation.

N >= 1680000, all the results are the same as those in the multinomial distribution.

The computing results showed that the simulations agree closely with the exact results. For small population sizes the critical values and powers of the procedures are different from the corresponding multinomial procedures, but when

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Development of a Si-Based Resonant-Cavity-Enhanced Infrared Photodetector

contributor:
Mascher, Peter
Engineering Physics

subject:
Infrared Photodetector
Resonant-Cavity-Enhanced
RCE
Microcavity
Multilayer Structure
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: Resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetectors have recently attracted attention due to their wavelength selectivity and high efficiency in comparison to conventional photodetectors. The goal of this ongoing research initiative is to develop a Si-based RCE infrared photodetector using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) as the primary fabrication method. At the current stage of the project, wavelength-selective optical structures have been successfully fabricated using Si/SiO2 layer pairs. These structures demonstrate sharp transmission peaks at their intended wavelength, making them potentially useful for efficient photodetection. The next phase of the photodetector development process involves using ion implantation to introduce dopants and create the bias.The project also explores the temperature sensing capability of the resonant-cavity structures. The temperature sensitivity tests indicate that the specific type of structure fabricated in this project may be relevant for fiber-optic temperature sensing applications. Additional testing is required to evaluate the performance characteristics of such structures as Fabry-Perot sensors capable of wavelength-encoded temperature measurement.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Impact of Nicotine on Non-targeted Radiation Effects

contributor:
Mothersill, Carmel. E.
Seymour, Colin
Boreham, Douglas
Medical Physics

subject:
Non-targeted Radiation Effects
Radaition-induced Bystander Effect
Nicotine
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Adaptive Response
Environmental Health
Medical Cell Biology
Nuclear
Environmental Health

abstract: Ionizing radiation is without a doubt an invaluable tool in diagnostic imaging as well as radiation therapy. With the growing number of medical and occupational exposures, together with challenges against the LNT model, low dose exposures and non-targeted effects have been subject to intensive research. Additionally, with the advances in the field of radiation therapy and longer life expectancy after the treatment, the risks associated with second malignancies following radiation therapy for various cancers has received a tremendous amount of attention. On the other hand, nicotine, as the addictive component of tobacco has been known for its adverse health effects and its relation to various types of cancers, accounting for one in 10 adult deaths worldwide. Both nicotine and low doses of radiation are amongst the stressors that widely affect the public. Surprisingly, the interactions between low-dose effects and nicotine exposure have not received the proper scientific attention. Our group has been involved in investigation of the non-targeted effects of radiation with a variety of endpoints. Different natural compounds and signalling molecules have also been studied in our lab for their possible role or contribution to bystander signalling. This research involves the study of the impact of nicotine on radiation-induced bystander effects and also radioadaptive responses. Different concentrations of nicotine were used to study the kinetics of the drug as well as any detrimental or modifying effects when used together with radiation. It was shown that nicotine has a protective effect on survival of the cells in certain concentrations that follows a biphasic model. Similar bimodal behaviour was observed with bystander effect. No adaptation to a challenge dose of radiation occurred as a result of incubation with varying concentrations of nicotine, nor was such an effect shown with a priming dose of radiation. The results of the present study suggest that nicotine has a complicated effect on the cells which can vary significantly depending on the concentrations used and also the duration of exposure. nAChRs may have an important role in the response of the bystander cells when nicotine is involved as the results showed a shift in the response of the receptors to nicotine. This thesis is aimed to shed light on the impact of nicotine and initiate more detailed investigations on pathways through which these effects are mediated.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Determination of 226Ra In Fish Using Liquid Scintillation Analysis

contributor:
Mothersill, Carmel
Seymour, Collin
Prestwich, William
Medical Physics

subject:
Radium-226
Activity Concentration
Dose rate
Fathead Minnow
Other Physics
Other Physics

abstract: 226Ra is a radionuclide of much concern since it poses a high risk of radio-toxicity when ingested and is well known for its invariably long half life of 1600 years. As such 226Ra concentrations were measured in whole body tissue of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in an experimental set up. Fathead minnows obtained were about two months old and fed on a Radium-226 spiked diet until 115 days. A simple and direct method to determine 226Ra ingested by fish using a homogeneous liquid scintillation counting was developed. The study consisted of three groups; a sham, Radium treatment and acid treatment. Fathead minnows were sampled 75 and 115 days after feeding, and the following end points; mass (w/w), length, specific growth rate, condition factor and radionuclide measurements obtained. Mean end point results were (0.24 ± 0.03 g), (2.78 ± 0.1 cm), (1.75 ± 0.13 % day-1), (1.10 ± 0.06 g cm-3) and (577.06 ± 572.13 mBq g-1) respectively. Also mean total 226Ra level was calculated as (1911.43 ± 868.64 mBq g-1) while the activity in sham and acid treatment resulted in levels below the Minimum Detectable Activity of 7.46 mBq g-1. The mean rate of 226Ra accumulation, known as the concentration factor, by the fathead minnows was determined as 0.35 ± 0.19. Assuming that the 226Ra Isotope is evenly distributed in the fish whole body, the derived dose rate was found to be 5.26 μGy h-1.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Feminist Poststructural Case Study of Nursing's Engagement in Interprofessional Education

contributor:
Landeen, Janet
Catherine Tompkins, Patty Solomon
Nursing

subject:
nursing
interprofessional education
feminist poststructuralism
case study research
professional identity
Nursing
Nursing

abstract: Nursing is a primary partner on the interprofessional team, yet there is minimal empirical evidence of nurse educators acting as architects of interprofessional education. Feminist poststructuralism (FPS) guides an exploration of nursing’s engagement in interprofessional education (IPE) using Yin’s (2009) case study methodology. A multiple case design of three English-language baccalaureate nursing programs investigates research questions: What are the antecedents of nursing’s engagement in IPE; how are nurse educators/nursing faculty engaged in IPE; how does gender impact nursing’s involvement in IPE development and implementation; and, how is nursing’s IPE engagement impacted by contextual factors inherent in health professional and academic contexts? Data from documents, archival records, individual and focus group interviews, field notes, non-participant observation, and a demographic questionnaire are reported in three individual case reports. A cross case analysis report is interpreted through FPS tenets including language, discourse, subjectivity, and power. Findings indicate that despite valuing IPE, nursing’s IPE engagement is minimal, inconsistent, and diverse in the presence of discrepant and/or uncertain understandings of the term interprofessional. The cross-case analysis outcome speaks principally of nursing’s general experience in the academy, with IPE engagement seemingly providing the vehicle to convey messages of enduring concern and tension inherent in nursing’s experience in the academy. Prominent concepts uncovered include nurse academic, professional subjectivity, and professional identity. Historic, hegemonic discourses of women, nurse, and nursing’s relationship with medicine impact nursing’s professional subjectivity such that nurse academics’ sense of professional self and professional confidence are viewed as antecedents to nursing’s IPE engagement.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: BIOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS DERIVED FROM POTATO PEEL WASTE

contributor:
Thompson, Michael
Liu, Qiang
Shiping Zhu; Emily Cranston
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Cellulose nanocrystal
polymer composite
water vapor transmission
tensile properties
Polymer Science
Polymer Science

abstract:
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth, derived from a variety of living species. An attractive source to obtain cellulose is from agriculture wastes, for instance, potato peel. Potato is one of the most important crops for human consumption, but in recent years its consumption in raw form has decreased, especially in developed countries. Many potatoes are processed into value-added products to meet the demand of fast food industries. So far the main use of the potato peel is sold for animal feed at very low prices. In addition, there are significant quantities of rotten potatoes generated during the years of heavy rain fall, which represent a substantial financial loss to the farmers unless an alternative industrial use can be found for the biomass. Therefore, extracting cellulose from potato peel and processing them into a higher valuable product is not only an environment-friendly solution to the disposal issues but also creates a non-food based economy for potatoes.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CN) are a promising material and have been widely studied over the past two decades. This material is interesting as nanofiller due to its nanoscale dimensions, high specific area, and highly rigid crystalline structure. In comparison to mineral or metal nanofillers that are industrially available, cellulose nanocrystals are prepared from renewable feedstocks, feature low density, are relatively low cost, and remain biodegradable.

This study investigated the effectiveness of cellulose nanocrystal derived from potato peel waste to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of a polymer. The nanocrystals were chemically derived from the cellulosic material in potato peel waste by alkali treatment and subsequently acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. Infrared spectroscopy indicated sufficient removal of lignin and hemicellulose from the raw potato peel biomass whereas X-ray diffraction confirmed that the prepared nanocrystals maintained their original crystalline lattice structure as the extracted cellulose, with a crystallinity of 85%. TEM images showed that the average fiber length of the nanocrystals was 410 nm with a diameter of 10 nm (aspect ratio of 41). Cellulose nanocrystal-filled polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) were prepared by solution casting method to maintain uniform dispersion of the 1-2% (w/w) fibers. An increase of 19% and 38% (starch composite) and 32% and 54% (PVA composite) in Young’s modulus was observed for the 1% and 2% CN-reinforced composites, respectively. Water vapor transmission rate measurements showed a reduction of water permeability for the PVA nanocomposite, whereas no effect was observed for starch nanocomposite.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Origins of Strength and Ductility in Mg-RE Binary Alloys

contributor:
Niewczas, Marek
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
Magnesium
Rare Earth Additions
Mechanical Properties
Metallurgy
Structural Materials
Metallurgy

abstract:
With the poor room temperature formability of magnesium, rare earth (RE) additions have proven a promising avenue for wrought magnesium products. However, not much is known regarding the effect of these elements on strength and ductility. Stanford et al. (2010b) summarized it best: “Although the addition of rare earth elements offers the possibility of greatly improved mechanical properties, we still lack fairly basic knowledge about the behaviour of these alloying elements”[p.6773]. Through a systematic study across three Mg-RE binary systems, the effect of gadolinium, samarium and scandium on solution strengthening, work hardening behaviour and strain rate sensitivity of Mg-RE binary alloys have been characterized.

The results suggest that samarium offers the greatest solid solution strengthening in both tension and compression relative to the other two binary systems. For the binary alloys explored, only gadolinium and samarium in compression followed the Labusch theory of solution strengthening; in which the yield strength scales with c^2/3 . Gadolinium additions provide the largest strength and ductility in tension and compression. Increasing solute content in the binary systems leads to a decrease of the strain rate sensitivity of the alloys. At the highest level of solute, both Mg-Gd and Mg-Sm exhibit negative strain rate sensitivity under tension. In compression, Mg-Gd also exhibits a negative strain rate sensitivity at the highest level solute, whereas Mg-Sm has a low, but positive value. The asymmetry in work hardening behaviour and the form of the flow curves between tension and compression is the result of the difference in the dominating modes of deformation at a given stage of the plastic flow. The extent of the work performed established the hardening levels and thermodynamic deformation parameters which control the flow stress and work hardening behaviour, that can be applied in future work.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Design of a Dissolved Oxygen Optical Sensing Device for Cell Growth and Metabolism Monitoring in Bioreactors

contributor:
Doyle, Thomas E.
Howlader, Matiar
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject: optical

subject: dissolved oxygen

subject: bioreactors

subject: design

subject: frequency domain fluoroscopy

subject: cost effective

subject: Biological Engineering

subject: Biomedical

subject: Biomedical devices and instrumentation

subject: Biotechnology

subject: Electrical and Electronics

subject: Electromagnetics and photonics

subject: Molecular, cellular, and tissue engineering

subject: Systems and integrative engineering

subject: Biological Engineering

abstract: An electro-optical sensor module was designed to monitor the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) using the method of frequency domain ﬂuoroscopy. Frequency domain ﬂuoroscopy is an optical method that detects the concentration of an analyte by indirectly monitoring the ﬂuorescent lifetime decay. A planar ﬁlm containing oxygen sensitive ﬂuorophores interacts with a liquid solution, where the percent DO dictates the ﬂuorescent lifetime decay. Amplitude modulated LED emission is created using an electrically implemented oscillator, exciting the oxygen sensitive ﬂuorophores. The emission light from the ﬂuorophores is detected by a photodiode and conditioned. The timing characteristics of the excitation and emission light waveforms are interpreted by a microcontroller. Time delay values have been correlated to actual percent DO values experimentally, and appropriate data modeling has been implemented for calibration purposes. This design is appropriate for application in bioreactors, presenting a functional and cost effective design. Future research can be performed to extrapolate the microcontroller platform to host a pH module, cell number module and glucose module, providing sufﬁcient feedback to an automated bioreactor systems.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Trading Workplace Rules For Potential New Investments

contributor:
Wells, Donald
Work and Society

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
The North American auto industry is in a period of transition. The major assemblers are all moving towards reorganizing production to be more flexible. Flexibility has both a technical and a work organization definition. Technically, flexible manufacturing indicates the ability to produce multiple vehicles in the same plant. This allows for faster changes between products, ideally matching consumer demand more responsively than competitors. More importantly, the work organization dimension of flexible manufacturing includes changes to work rules. This includes the introduction of team work, mandatory weekend work, and the development of a class of temporary, part-time workers.

The Ford Motor Company is considering the introduction of flexible manufacturing practises at its Oakville, Ontario site. This location has had two factories on site since August of 1965. One of these factories was closed permanently prior to the announcement that new investments were being considered for the location. The vehicle that is being produced in the second plant has a poor sales record. Potential new investments would reduce or end the repeated layoffs that workers in the remaining plant are forced to endure. Investments have been made contingent on changes to local operating practices.

The local union's attempts to protect workers from work rule changes that could erode their quality of life have been weak. The local has adopted the company's competitiveness agenda rather than developing a more autonomous, worker centred agenda. A reduction of front line union representatives will constrain the local's capacity to mobilize workers on the shop floor. The lack of discussion or debate over the appropriate response to Ford's demands has further alienated workers from their union. The local maintains some important resources that could be mobilized to improve the present situation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Republicanism in Victorian Britain

contributor:
Rempel, R.A.
History

subject: History History

abstract: In 1873 there were in Great Britain over ninety republican clubs, together with another fifty societies that were republican in sentiment if not in name. Since there is no published book or article containing that information, these are significant historical facts of which very few people are aware. The following dissertation constitutes the very first synthesis of Victorian republicanism at both the metropolitan and provincial levels, and is an attempt to fill a gaping hole in British historical scholarship. The Victorian republicans had a sound native intellectual traditions on which to draw, and they were inspired further by foreign examples. Some British republicans would have been happy to duplicate the American system, but by 1870, an increasing number were becoming disillusioned with the United States. It was startlingly evident to republicans that simple political republicanism had done little to better the lot of the American working man. An oppressor was still an oppressor whether he be a capitalist or a landed aristocrat. Thus, the men who looked forward to a truly egalitarian society turned to France. But, the French opportunity of 1870 was squandered by selfish politicians, and the resolute Parisian workmen established their own commune. The result was a civil war between the republicans themselves hardly a shining example for the rest of the world. As if trying to emulate their French bretheren, the British republicans were constantly quarrelling amongst themselves. London republicanism, being the most diverse, inevitably experienced the greatest difficulties. By the end of 1872, a working relationship had been painfully achieved, only to be immediately offset by a feud with the republicans of Sheffield. British republicanism was therefore hampered not only by ideological but also regional rivalry. For the most part, republicanism in the provinces developed independently of the capital, but on a national level, the movement would certainly have been stronger had London provided strong unified leadership. Three national conferences took place between December 1872 and September 1873, but they were organised by two different groups and only a few clubs sent delegates to each event. Disappointment with foreign experiments, disunity within the movement itself, and the failure to win over substantial numbers of the middle classes, all contributed to the decline of British republicanism in the mid-1870's. But equally important was the return of a Conservative government in 1874 and the establishement of a propaganda campaign which linked the Monarchy with a strong nation and empire. This ideology was reinforced, moreover, by the longevity of Queen Victoria. By the late 'seventies, most social republicans had turned to socialism. But, political republicanism, spearheaded by die-hard individualists and secularists, persisted well into the 'eighties. The reason for this was that socialism could not win over a majority of workers until the generation that had been socialised with the middle class values of self-help and independence, which socialism seemed to deny, was replaced. Once that process was complete, the way was clear for a socialist victory. Republicanism had become an outmoded demonology belonging to a bygone era. Yet, republican ideals did not die out. Rather, they became dormant, waiting for those opportune moments to temporarily re-emerge.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Support Staff Struggle: The Unionization of the McMaster University Staff Association

contributor:
Storey, Robert
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This study focuses on the successful organization of the McMaster University Staff Association (MUSA), in relation to the changing labour processes of staff. Particular emphasis falls upon the norms, commitments, and allegiances generated in the everyday activities of worklife (i.e. the labour process). The first two chapters are oriented towards a more specialist sociological audience. In the first chapter I outline the theory which will inform the study, a dialectical materialist labour process analysis. In the second chapter I review the sociological literatures relevant to support staff and MUSA as well as the methodology used in carrying out the study.

In the following chapters I develop a rich descriptive account of the evolution of MUSA. In particular, I highlight that, while there were contradictions already implicit in staff labour processes before neo-liberalism, it was only when neo-liberal policies were implemented that these contradictions became problematic for staff. The key contradictions in the labour process were underpinned by class and gender inequality and centered around a tension between the more collegial forms of informal organization at McMaster and the more hierarchical formal organization of the University. As the labour process became more problematic, staff organized, voted to certify MUSA as a trade union, and went out on a five-week strike for their first contract. In both the nature of the grievances that staff highlighted, and in organization of MUS A and the strike, we can find strong influence exerted by the norms, commitments, and allegiances generated in the labour processes of staff. In tum, as staff have organized, the labour process itself has been affected. I end the thesis by considering MUSA's future and the attempts by the administration to respond to staff concerns and grievances, both of which will shape the on-going labour processes of staff.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "My Little Piddly House And All This Land:" The Veterans' Land Act in Canada and the Hamilton Wentworth Region

contributor:
Harris, Richard S.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
The Veterans' Land Act, 1942, helped one hundred and forty-four thousand veterans become settled on the land, ninety-nine thousand of whom acquired small holdings, predominantly in exurban and suburban sites. In spite of this, very little has been written about VLA in the history of housing policy. This thesis documents the character and evolution of the VLA program, and assesses its socio-geographical impact with particular reference to the Hamilton area.

The Veterans' Land Act was part of Canada's veteran rehabilitation program that helped to establish veterans as farmers, fishermen, or as owners of part-time farms/small holdings. The architects of the VLA were determined not to repeat the failings of the earlier Soldier Settlement Act (1919) that caused hardships for so many soldier settlers. With that in mind, the national program and its genesis are examined, including the provisions that attempted to ensure that veterans made a success of their operations, and remained on their holdings.

The focus then switches to the small holdings component of the program, which is examined in detail using archival records and personal interviews. The Hamilton area exemplified the various ways in which homes were developed under the VLA small holdings program. Interviews provide a personal glimpse into the people who participated in this government program. They also shed light on the changing character of the VLA program, the regulations that applied to small holdings, and the changing methods by which homes were actually built.

The small holdings program was flexible and was regularly altered to meet the needs of the veterans. Minimum lot sizes were adjusted, while at different times the Veterans Land Administration laid out its own subdivisions, engaged professional contractors, and supported owner-construction. Over the life of the program the maximum loan amounts were regularly increased. This was done in an effort to ease the financial strain of rising inflation that many of the working-class veterans were susceptible to, and allowed the program to remain a viable form of rehabilitation. Because of its adaptability and flexibility, it better served the veterans that it was created for, and was a success for over one hundred and twenty-five thousand of those veterans.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The 'Canadian Electric Church:' The Development of Single-faith Broadcasting in Canada

contributor:
Gauvreau, M.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
This study investigates the advent and evolution of the Canadian 'electronic church' phenomenon as well as analyzing the creation of single-faith broadcasting in Canada. It analyzes the role the federal government has played in circumscribing and directing religious broadcasting in twentieth-century Canada. Methodologically, it departs from many important studies of religion in society by adopting a cultural rather than demographic approach. This approach draws attention to the inner workings of federal regulatory bodies and religious broadcasters; where both cultural forces during the twentieth-century, negotiated a place for religious broadcasting in Canadian society.

The argument suggests that during the twentieth-century, single-faith broadcasting in Canada and elements of the American 'electric church' phenomenon were circumscribed by federal regulatory bodies in order to ensure that some salient aspects of American fundamentalist religious culture and 'home grown' religious ministries focused on proselytization, did not transplant themselves in the Canadian broadcasting system. Due to some over-the-air radio disputes among religious broadcasters during the 1920s, all aspects centered on single-faith broadcasting and single-faith ownership of radio stations were banned in 1932, effectively placing the control over mass communications in the hands of the federal government. Thus, religious broadcasting and individual freedom were circumscribed in favour of ensuring social harmony and collective freedom. Although religious broadcasters never lost carriage rights to air their programs, they were banned from owning their own broadcasting licenses and were barred from owning their own radio or television station.

However, with the creation of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982, the advancements in mass communications, and mounting pressure from religious organizations for more representation in the Canadian broadcasting system, the federal government decided to initiate a public discourse on religious broadcasting in 1982. Because individual freedom of conscience and expression in matters of religion were guaranteed rights in the Charter, federal regulatory bodies eventually decided to fully deregulate their religious broadcasting policies in 1993. New technology and legislative provision combined to make it possible for Canadian religious groups to own satellite, radio and UHF cable channels. With this new freedom, power has trickled down to religious groups and individuals who are interested in developing a voice for religious radio and television in the Canadian broadcasting system Many religious organizations, particularly evangelical Christians, have scrambled to fill the Canadian broadcasting system with their religious messages but. in doing so, have found that their religious identity and evangelical message have been challenged, tempered and eroded by the very forces that issued them their power in the first place.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sputnik and the Republic: Education and War in Plato and the United States.

contributor:
Lewis, T. J.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: This thesis is a discussion of the issue of public support for education. Educators in contemporary North America are finding it increasingly difficult to attract public dollars to educational institutions. Life in modern society is highly complex and specialized. It is unlikely that all people can become proficient in all activities that are vital for sustaining our way of living. Consequently, it is unlikely that the general public can come to anything but a vague understanding about most of the practices in our educational institutions. A central question emerges: How can educators persuade the general public to provide resources for specialized services that the average person can only have a vague understanding of? Those concerned about the issue of public support for education can look to recent American history for an example of a time when the public enthusiastically supported educational institutions. After the launch of the Soviet satellite "Sputnik" on October 4, 1957, there was an outpouring of public support for education in the United States. When considering this event, the historical observer is confronted by a perplexing consideration: What is the relationship between Sputnik and support for education in the United States? The thesis begins with an examination of Plato's Republic in order to outline a special connection that Socrates makes between education and war. According to Socrates' argument, if the average citizen is persuaded that education is readily and directly applicable to the attempt to provide the conditions under which the city will be better fortified against enemies, then the city will support educational activities of which they have no precise understanding, The discussion in Plato's Republic of the connection between education and war is a theoretical backdrop against which the flourishing of educational institutions during the post-Sputnik era can be examined, Plato's Republic helps modem readers to recognize the significance of evidence demonstrating that American pride and fear over the increasing technological and scientific capacity of their ideological rivals resulted in unprecedented public support for educational institutions.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Race, Class and Gender in Higher Education: The Experiences of Doctoral Students

contributor:
Synge, Jane
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: Research has demonstrated that the inequalities of the larger society are perpetuated and reinforced in the educational setting. Furthermore, recent literature demonstrates that the inequalities of race, class and gender shape students' experiences in graduate school.. This thesis explores how these inequalities shape students' experiences. More specifically, we explore how the inequalities of race, class and gender affect senior students in Ph.D. programmes. We demonstrate that these inequalities have implications for the construction of knowledge and the extent to which students contest the dominant ideology. This study was conducted at a medium-sized Ontario university. We undertook a qualitative study. Intensive interviews were conducted with graduate students. A snowball sampling technique was used. They came from various departments in the following areas--- the humanities, the social sciences and the physical sciences. We used a theoretical. framework emphasizing the concepts of ideology, consciousness, perceptions, subjectivity and structure.The data reveal that students possess varying levels of consciousness of race, class and gender. Some students perceive that their social position has given them special advantages. This perception is held largely by white, middle-class males. Others believe that their social position has meant that they have encountered certain obstac1es. This position is held largely by those of working-class backgrounds, women and ethnic minorities. Some students believe that race, class and gender are not important factors in shaping their education. Others believe that these factors have no effect at all. The latter perception is more common among science students. However, we did not study their perceptions of how race, class and gender will affect their chances of finding jobs and being successful in careers in their fields. The researcher suggests that one's social position does affect the quality of one's graduate experience and the type of knowledge that one produces. However, the student's view of assessment and the academic record can also influence his/her academic experience.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Longitudinal Resistance Training in the Elderly: Effects of3 Years of De-training on the Retention of Strength

contributor:
McCartney, N.
Hicks, AL.
Webber, C.E.
Human Biodynamics

subject:
Other Life Sciences
Other Life Sciences

abstract: Dynamic muscle strength (1 RM), symptom limited treadmill endurance, and bone mineral density and content, were compared among three groups (5 males and 5 females in each group) of elderly subjects (mean age of72.5 years) who had either continued to weight train twice per week for 5 years (TR), ceased to weight train after 2 years (DETR), or had acted as controls throughout (CON). The TR and DETR trained hard (progressing up to 3 sets at up to 80% of I RM) for 2 years; the TR continued training for an additional 3 years at a maintenance level (2-3 sets at 60-70% 1RM), whereas the DETR stopped training; the 10 CON subjects did not train for the duration of the study but took part in identical testing procedures. After two years of resistance training, dynamic strength in the TR and DETR groups increased significantly above the baseline and CON values for all exercises (p<0.0001). Following 3 years of maintenance level training, leg press, arm curl, and bench press 1 RM (sum of both limbs) in the TR remained 21.6kg (17%), 15.7kg (82%), and 8.3kg (34%) above baseline values respectively. The I RM in the DETR were 18.4kg (14%), 5.3kg (24%), and 1.4kg (9"10) above baseline for leg press, arm curl, and bench press after 5 years, whereas the CON declined over the 5 year period by 18.4kg (9.7%), 4.4kg (19"10), and 3.5kg (6%) respectively. There were non-significant improvements in treadmill performance in the TR and DETR and decline in the CON after 2 years of resistance training. Treadmill performance declined between years 2 and 5 in all groups. Bone mineral density and content were not different among the groups across all time points. We conclude that: 1) The strength gains from long-term resistance training in the elderly are not entirely lost even after 3 years of detraining, 2) The effects are specific to the exercises performed in the training program.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Sedimentology and Allostratigraphy of the Basal Belly River Formation of central Alberta

contributor:
Walker, R.G.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
Abstract The nature of the transition from marine Lea Park Formation to continental Belly River Formation has been studied in a 50 m thick section in the Campanian of central Alberta. The sediments are subdivided into three allomembers (A 1 to A3), bounded by erosional discontinuities which formed as a result of relative sea level changes.

The topmost 18 m of the Lea Park Formation consists of interbedded mudstones, siltstones and sandstones, deposited in a marine offshore environment below fairweather wave base (FWWB).

Allomember 1 consists of 11 m thick sandstones with Macaronichnus traces which were interpreted as the shoreface of a prograding fluvial- and wave- dominated delta. These shoreface sandstones lie sharply on offshore mudstones of the Lea Park Formation. The lower bounding discontinuity is interpreted as a regressive surface of erosion (RSE) and consequently, the progradation of the shoreface succession of allomember 1 is due to a drop in sea level, termed a forced regression.

The sandstones of A 1 are truncated by non-marine channel sandstones, mudstones with root traces and coal beds of A2. Channel fills are up to 20 m thick and occur in a channel belt up to 20 km wide. Finegrained non-marine sediments and coal beds are restricted in the northwest of the study area. These coals are responsible for limiting the depth of erosion during the ensuing deposition of transgressive and regressive sediments of A 3.

Transgressive sediments are preserved only in A3 and comprise a 30 cm trangressive lag overlain by offshore mudstones. The extent of the lag to the northwest was mapped and found to coincide with the limit of coal deposition. Regressive sediments of A3 include fluvial and wave dominated lobate delta front sandstones, sharply overlying coal in the NW, but gradationally-based in the SE, overlying offshore mudstones. Gradationallybased shorefaces formed as a result of autocyclic delta lobe switching.

The allomembers define a fourth order cyclicity estimated at about 190,000 ka. The controls on high frequency cycles are not resolved, but A two possibilities include regional tectonics and glacio-eustasy.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Sensor Network Deployment in the McMaster Nuclear Reactor

contributor:
Poehlman, W.F.S
Computing and Software

subject: Computing and Software

abstract:
Lack of generality in deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks gives rise to many application specific research questions. In order to maintain safe levels of radiation, a Sensor Network can be used to provide greater flexibility within the McMaster Nuclear Reactor (MNR). Sensor Networks have conventionally been deployed in natural habitat areas, and to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to model its behavior inside a research reactor. This application specific scenario provides insight in derermining the suitability of embedding Sensor Networks in nuclear reactors. Traditional networks have been designed to accommodate various applications. In this case, we believe that sensor networks, which serve a specific task, can be customized depending on the application. By tailoring a Sensor Network for the Nuclear Reactor, one will be able to maximize efficiency.

This thesis states a set of requirements for deploying a Sensor Network in the MNR. By using these requirements, the challenges surrounding Sensor Network communications were studied. These results are to provide McMaster's Health Physics department with the proper guidance if choosing to deploy such a network. The research defines the optimal MAC, and Sensor Network routing protocols for the reactor. The metrics used to determine optimality are reliability, latency, scalability, and lifetime. The approach to determine the suitability of sensor networks in the MNR is a discrete-event simulator called J-Sim. J-Sim is extended to simulate the various protocols that were studied in this research including One-Hop, Multi-Hop, LEACH, TDMA, and CSMA. Results indicate that a modified version of LEACH, called MNRLEACH, best suits the needs of the McMaster Nuclear Reactor.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Unpacking Heat: Women and Guns in Popular Culture

contributor:
O`Brien, Susie
English

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
In this dissertation I analyse the increasingly popular figure of the gun wielding woman in written and visual popular texts from the late nineteenth century to the present. My methodology is primarily indebted to gender theory, and melds the attention to form and narrative characteristic of literary analysis with the ideological critique that is a hallmark of cultural studies. What distinguishes my project from previous scholarship on female "action heroes" is my interest in the broad historical and cultural themes of genre, as well as my particular and sustained attention to the gun.

Much of the critical attention paid to the female action hero is concerned exclusively with her challenge to traditional binary understandings of gender and sexuality. As a part of this type of gender-focused reading, the gun, when it is discussed at all, tends to be read simply as a "phallic" object. While I do not dispute the phallic symbolism of the gun, I argue in this dissertation that to read the gun only or purely in this way is to both unproblematically reproduce essential gender categories and also to ignore the complex material and mythological history of the weapon. I trace this history and symbolism through an analysis of the woman with a gun in three genres: westerns, crime narratives, and science fiction. Along with considering how the woman with a gun challenges gender conventions and engages with generic themes, my analysis of the figure addresses the crucial question of how she reworks and/or revitalises liberal myths of heroic agency.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Regarding Estrangement: Perceiving the Infinite in Symbol and Fusing Horizons

contributor:
Richardson, Kurt A.
Divinity College

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the reader to Paul Tillich's notion of the "symbol," including "religious symbol," and Hans-Georg Gadamer's notion of the "fusion of horizons," including his notion of the "question" and "play" or "game." It introduces the pertinent aspects of Tillich's and Gadamer's literary writings as well as explains the motivation behind their respective works, namely, their different reactions to estrangement and alienation. During the explication of how Tillich's "symbol" and Gadamer's "fusion of horizons" redeem us, an examination of how each thinker works with issues of subjective and objective thinking, what it means for the question to be a priority and how these issues relate to our ontology, is made. This thesis culminates with an examination of the appropriateness and applicability of Tillich's and Gadamer's approaches to hermeneutical thinking.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Theory of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) and Semiconductor-Insulator-Semiconductor (SIS) solar cells

contributor:
Shewchun, J.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract:
This thesis describes the theory of tunnel metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) and semiconductor-insulator semiconductor (SIS) solar cells. In both cases, the thickness of the insulating layer is < 40 Å and the current flow has been described by quantum mechanical tunneling process. The base-semiconductor in both cases in single-crystal and non-degenerate.

The introduction of a thin insulating layer [< 16 Å in the case of Al-SiOx-(p-type)Si solar cells] eliminates the pinning effect observed in Schottky barrier diodes, so that the minority carrier quasi-Fermi level is now pinned to the Fermi level in the metal to produce a higher open-circuit voltage. Recent experimental work on oxide-semiconductor/base-semiconductor solar cells indicates that the performance of such devices also could be dramatically controlled by the presence of a thin interfacial layer or insulator. We have developed a mathematical model to calculate the photovoltaic respose of the MIS diodes. The theory of SIS solar cells is an expansion of the MIS solar cell theory, where the metal is now allowed the property of a variable band gap which can be set at any value from zero to several electron volts. The theory is valid when the top semiconductor is an amorphous or heavily doped (degenerate) wide-gap oxide-semiconductor. The SIS model is capable of explaining why some oxide-semi-conductor base - semiconductor solar cells indicated good performance of such heterojunction devices while others show poor performance.

Our work shows that optimized MIS and SIS solar cells can have efficiencies comparable to p-n junction solar cells. The effects of various parameters on the device performance has been studied. The most important parameters are the thickness of the insulating layer and the metal work function.

The theory of tunnel MIS solar cells has been compared with the available experimental data and an excellent agreement is observed. The open-circuit voltage below a certain thickness of insulating layer (SiOx) shows slight deviation from the theory. This experimental observation has been accounted for by the presence of pin-holes associated with ultra-thin oxides and a composite model of Schottky barrier and MIS solar cells has been developed. Based on this model, we have calculated the complex dielectric constant of SiOx as a function of its thickness. Measurement of dark I-V characteristics as a function of temperature confirms the pseudo p-n junction behaviour of MIS solar cells and discards thermionic emission models.

The calculation of SIS solar cells has been compared with the experimental work. The measurement on the temperature effect, intensity effect, insulator thickness effect and the spectral response supports the SIS model. We have also discussed various main loss mechanisms associated with SIS solar cells. This includes the transmission-reflection loss from the top layer, recombination in the depletion later, open-circuit lowering and series and shunt resistance losses. At the end of the thesis, we have shown that simple methods based on the electrical measurements of oxide-semiconductor/base-semiconductor systems often lead to incorrect values for the electron affinity of oxide-semiconductors.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Monuments in a Landscape: An Analysis of the Placement of Monuments in the Landscape of the Lower Barrow River Valley 4500 BC to AD 1500

contributor:
Ramsden, P.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This thesis endeavours to reconstruct and interpret the cultural landscape of the Lower Barrow River Valley in southeastern Ireland, focusing primarily upon the creation of sacred landscapes. Through an examination of the placement of monuments in the valley over a period of 6,000 years (4500 Be to AD 1500), two multi-period complexes of primarily sacred prehistoric sites have been identified. This identification was achieved through the construction of highly detailed distribution maps. These maps facilitated both the statistical analysis of relationships between monuments and aspects of the natural landscape and a more subjective interpretation of the spatial relationships between different monument types over the time period in question. Whereas numerous correlations between monument types and particular aspects of the natural landscape have been identified, the spatial associations between different monuments and larger geographical features such as the Barrow River, Brandon Hill and the Pass of Gowran proved to be crucial in the creation of sacred landscapes.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)