identifier: Peterkin, Ben Robert <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Peterkin=3ABen_Robert=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Formation of hydrothermal sulphide deposits on the Niua volcano, Tofuaarc.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The Niua South hydrothermal vent field is an intraoceanic arc volcano-hosted hydrothermal system at the northern terminus of the Tofua-Kermadec arc. The vent field is hosted within a 500-m wide volcanic crater on the eastern flank of the southern summit of Niua volcano and contains several hydrothermal mounds that host clusters of active, high-temperature (up to 325°C) chimneys and abundant inactive spires. This thesis presents results from the first detailed exploration and sampling of this vent field, including descriptions of the mineralogy and geochemistry of the hydrothermal deposits. Two distinct mineralogical suites were identified from 33 sulphide-sulphate chimney and talus samples: a high-temperature (≥300°C), Cu-rich suite and a lower-temperature (<300°C), Ba-Zn-rich suite. The high-temperature, chalcopyrite-dominated mineralization contains elevated Bi, Te, Se, and Sn relative to the low-temperature suite, which is dominated by barite, sphalerite, galena and sulphosalts, and contains relatively higher As, Sb, Ag, Cd, and Sr concentrations. The hydrothermal mounds and associated chimneys in the central and eastern regions of the crater are associated with relatively lower temperature fluids and a higher degree of subsurface fluid mixing. In contrast, an isolated hydrothermal mound in the northern end of the crater has more focused, high-temperature venting with visible boiling at the orifice on one high-temperature vent. The enrichment of mantle incompatible elements (Ba, Pb, As, and Sb) in the hydrothermal deposits is consistent with a more felsic substrate at Niua relative to typical mid-ocean ridge settings. The composition and morphology of the hydrothermal deposits at Niua South are similar to the seawater-dominated hydrothermal system at the northwest caldera vent field at Brothers volcano. The presence of primary bornite and euhedral hematite associated with chalcopyrite suggests that oxidizing magmatic fluids may be contributing to the hydrothermal output.
High-resolution bathymetry and visual surveys obtained by autonomous underwater vehicle and remotely-operated vehicle, respectively, provide enough detail of the seafloor to accurately identify the extent of hydrothermal deposits on the seafloor. This thesis also summarizes results of radioisotope age determinations and volumes of hydrothermal deposits within the Niua South crater. The deposit consists of three main groupings of active chimneys and mounds, with the bulk of the deposited material located in the central part of the crater. The oldest sample age indicates that venting within the crater has occurred over at least the last ~3,000 years. Volume calculations for hydrothermal material, based on the high-resolution bathymetry indicate 50,600 ± 5,060 m³ of sulphide-sulphate material has accumulated on the seafloor within the crater. Using a bulk density estimate of the average composition of material of 2.65 ± 0.24 t/m³, the crater contains an estimated 134,000 ± 21,700 t of deposit material. Based on the maximum age of the deposit, sulphide-rich material for the Niua South has a maximum mass accumulation rate of 47 ± 8 t/yr, comparable to other sites along mid-ocean ridges where data are available.


identifier: Boison, Benjamin Teye Kojo <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Boison=3ABenjamin_Teye_Kojo=3A=3A.html>   (2020) Stakeholder's role in promoting inclusion for multicultural learners: towards a model for online education.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

abstract: In the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, the goal of inclusive education is to include all diverse learners in a respectful and welcoming school culture, and to provide a continuum of support and services for learners. Inclusion is a top priority for education stakeholders since the province is experiencing an increase of diverse learners. To promote inclusion, stakeholders play varied roles as they collectively function towards a common goal. This qualitative study explored specific roles of stakeholders in promoting inclusion in schools. The study also investigated how leadership promotes culturally responsive pedagogy, and then analyzed successful interventions that promote inclusion for online multicultural learners. The study was guided by critical multiculturalism and the transformative multiculturalism theoretical frameworks. My study did not aim to critique existing practices but to explore opportunities to promote inclusiveness for others to emulate. The thematic analysis of secondary data (NL policy documents) suggests that collaborative efforts are a potential way of promoting inclusion. Reviewed empirical studies showed that focusing on andragogy, learning styles, professional development of educators, and using culturally responsive pedagogies may promote inclusion in online education. These imply that collaborative efforts and use of these strategies may promote inclusive online education for multicultural learners.


identifier: Cochrane, Devin W. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cochrane=3ADevin_W=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2020) The phytoglobin-nitric oxide cycle: a transgenic approach to studying hypoxic stress in plants.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Hypoxic stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses plants face. Without sufficient oxygen to drive mitochondrial respiration, plants undergo an energy crisis. To combat this, a form of nitrite driven respiration called the phytoglobin-nitric oxide cycle is induced to maintain minimal ATP production. I studied the effects of overexpression and knockdown of the class-1 phytoglobin (Pgb) gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and the alternative oxidase (AOX) gene in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in low-oxygen conditions to gain a better understanding of their roles in the hypoxic stress response. NO production was significantly lower in AOX knockdown plants compared to wild type and AOX overexpressing plants. The knockdown of AOX resulted in the increased level of protein S-nitrosylation under normoxia and the decreased S-nitrosylation under hypoxia. Under both conditions, there were complex differences in the pool size of amino and organic acids, depending upon AOX amount. Specifically under hypoxia, AOX amount strongly influenced the mitochondrial, but not cytosolic, activity of aconitase, which is known to be inactivated by NO and superoxide. Under normoxia and during reoxygenation after hypoxia, the knockdown of AOX increased the amount of superoxide, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) and total antioxidant reducing power. Hence, AOX has pervasive and oxygen concentration-dependent effects on NO production and protein S-nitrosylation, respiratory carbon and nitrogen flow, as well as on the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. The overexpression of phytoglobin lowered the amount of NO released, while knockdown significantly stimulated NO emission. The overexpression of phytoglobin corresponded to higher ATP/ADP ratios, pyrophosphate levels and aconitase activity under anoxia, while knockdown of phytoglobin resulted in the increased level of protein nitrosylation, elevation of alcohol dehydrogenase and nitrosoglutathione reductase activities. The overexpressing plants showed various signs of stunted growth under normoxia, but were the only type to germinate and survive under hypoxia. These results show that overexpression of phytoglobin protects plant cells via NO scavenging and improves their low-oxygen stress survival. However, it may not be useful for cereal crop improvement since it comes with a significant interference with normoxic NO signalling pathways.


identifier: Kilic, Cevdet Anil <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kilic=3ACevdet_Anil=3A=3A.html>   (2020) One-dimensional inversion of airborne time-domain electromagnetic data from Taylor Brook, western Newfoundland, and 3D finite-element time-domain forward modeling using unstructured grids.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
In this thesis, geophysical inversion and numerical modeling are carried out on a dataset collected
using the Airborne Time-Domain Electromagnetic (ATEM) survey method over an area called
Taylor Brook, western Newfoundland, which potentially hosts massive sulfide mineralization.
ATEM profiles are interpreted using a 1D inversion code (EM1DTM). The inversion results
indicate that the majority of the dataset collected in the part of the area which does not show any
anomaly is highly noise-contaminated. In contrast, several observation points near the sulfide
mineralization have reasonable anomalies. For a better understanding of the sulfide-bearing zone’s
dip, thickness and depth in the survey area, 2D cross-sections along each profile are created by
combining 1D models for each observation point. Also, 3D forward modeling is applied to several
Earth models that are created using the information of boreholes and the results of 1D inversions.
For 3D modeling of time-domain EM problems, the finite-element time-domain (FETD) method
using unstructured tetrahedral meshes is used. The dataset for two different survey profiles that
have boreholes nearby were chosen to guide the building of the 3D models. A trial-and-error
method, in which the physical properties and thicknesses of the geological structures were varied,
resulted in a reasonable match between the vertical component (z-component) of the calculated
responses from the FETD forward modeling and the measured data. This reasonable match would
mean that the final Earth model is reasonable representation of the subsurface in the survey area.


identifier: MacLellan, Cameron <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacLellan=3ACameron=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Evaluating a research training program for rural physicians.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis explores the development of an evaluative framework for the research training program called 6for6 and assesses its short-term effectiveness in developing research competency and productivity among rural physicians. To establish the framework, a logic model and an evaluation matrix were developed to outline components of 6for6 that could be improved. The effectiveness of 6for6 was assessed using a repeated measures analysis, a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), and the Cochran Q test. Results from the GLMM show that overall research competency scores were higher in the intervention group in comparison to the control group (mean and standard deviation: 65.7% ± 37.6% and 58.6% ± 14.4%, p<0.05). Similarly, higher productivity rates were observed in the intervention group (80.6 ± 207.6 per 100 person-years) in comparison to the controls (8.4 ± 19.9 per 100 person-years, p<0.0005). Programs like 6for6 can increase the amount of research conducted in rural healthcare and improve participants’ research competency and productivity.


identifier: Muzaffar, Chaudhry Bilal <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Muzaffar=3AChaudhry_Bilal=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Design and analysis of off-grid solar system for DC load of a house in Pakistan.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Solar energy is the cleanest and most developed form of renewable energy. In order to be completely independent of the grid source we need to have off grid solar system. This thesis presents a model in which we have designed an off-grid DC solar system using homer pro. We have used 8 batteries, 36 PV modules to make a DC system that would be sufficient enough to provide the requirement of home with load of 7.81 kWh/day. We then designed two further systems with DC generator, PV and Battery bank. The Homer pro results for each case are elaborated in the thesis. Steady state as well as dynamic system modelling is included which are done on the MATLAB. We have designed MPPT(maximum power point tracker is an electronic DC to DC converter that optimizes the match between the solar array (PV panels), and the battery bank or utility grid)
for capturing maximum power. Along with design and modelling, the safety measures are also given. The safety device, working principle and the method to use them is also discussed in the thesis. Presented results will help further in the design of small scaled off grid solar systems that would be sufficient to provide the electricity in the remote area and on the small scale. This research also will help in designing the solar system for the
DC load.


identifier: Cantwell, Cuirin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cantwell=3ACuirin=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Behavioural characteristics of poly brominated diphenyl ethers in soil.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis work focused on the determination of behavioral characteristics of polybrominated
diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a soil setting. As emerging persistent organic pollutants (EPOPs),
PBDEs have been shown to impact the health of ecosystems and living organisms in a negative
way. PBDEs have a particular affinity towards the organic carbon content found within soil
particles, thus understanding their fate and transport in this setting is important information needed
for effective and efficient remedial efforts. In this thesis, the adsorption behavior of all 209 PBDE
congeners is determined through 3D-QSAR techniques by estimating each of their organic carbon-water
partition coefficient (Koc) values. In addition, the biodegradability of commonly occurring
PBDE congeners is studied through considering unique enzymes that may be readily available in
soil while conducting molecular docking. The research outputs indicated that the degree of
bromination plays a significant role in how PBDEs behave in soil due to compound stability and
molecular geometry. Moving forward, the findings help to advance the knowledge on PBDE
behaviors in soil and facilitate the environmental engineering operations by means of creating
more efficient and effective ways of remediating PBDEs out of a soil environment.


identifier: De Naday Hornhardt, Caio <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/De_Naday_Hornhardt=3ACaio=3A=3A.html>   (2020) Group gradings on classical lie superalgebras.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Assuming the base field is algebraically closed, we classify, up to isomorphism, gradings
by arbitrary groups on non-exceptional classical simple Lie superalgebras, excluding
those of type A(1, 1), and on finite dimensional superinvolution-simple associative
superalgebras. We assume the characteristic to be 0 in the Lie case, and different from 2
in the associative case. Our approach is based on a version of Wedderburn Theorem for
graded-simple associative superalgebras satisfying a descending chain condition, which
allows us to classify superinvolutions using nondegenerate supersymmetric sesquilinear
forms on graded modules over a graded-division superalgebra. To transfer the results
from the associative case to the Lie case, we use the duality between G-gradings and
b G-actions for finite dimensional universal algebras.


identifier: Little, Catherine M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Little=3ACatherine_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2020) In search of a better fly trap: chemical and visual ecology of Drosophila suzukii.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Drosophila suzukii is an invasive species of concern to fruit growers throughout temperate regions worldwide. Unlike most Drosophila species, D. suzukii has an enlarged and heavily sclerotized ovipositor that allows female flies to lay eggs in fruits before they are fully ripened and, in most cases, before fruits are harvestable. Initial efforts at mitigating damage have relied on chemical pesticides to reduce D. suzukii populations in crop areas; however, on-going research efforts have focused on more environmentally sustainable integrated pest management alternatives.
This thesis investigates aspects of D. suzukii behaviour and physiology that promoted its successful global invasion. Chapter one discusses the role of behavioural and physiological plasticity in giving D. suzukii an ecological edge during introduction and successful invasion. Chapter two investigates D. suzukii host selection behaviour and preference among commercial fruits and novel native fruits in a boreal environment. I investigated the fruit characters thought to play a role in host choice, including fruit sweetness (brix), fruit acidity (pH), and fruit firmness (penetration force [gfmm2]). Based on D. suzukii behaviour observed in field settings, the investigation was expanded to include the role of fruit and foliage colour in host selection. Additionally, we beta-tested a citizen science initiative to identify native fruit species at risk and to confirm the range limits of D. suzukii in Atlantic Canada. Chapter three further explores colour preference and use of colour by D. suzukii as attraction cues, first as cues to differentiate among fruits of different ripeness stages, and second as visual targets for potential use in monitoring traps. Chapter four investigates D. suzukii physiological sensitivity and behavioural activity to odorants associated with fruits and foliage, and odorants known to be important to other Drosophila species. An iterative process of laboratory and field trials was used to test individual odorant compounds and odorant blends in combination with results of colour preference testing to improve trapping efficacy. Given the behavioural and physiological plasticity of D. suzukii, trials were conducted among different fruit crops and growing environments. Chapter five synthesizes lessons learned about D. suzukii behaviour and preferences to make recommendations for effective monitoring traps for blueberry and raspberry crop systems.


identifier: Prechotko, Christopher <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Prechotko=3AChristopher=3A=3A.html>   (2020) Participation and persistence of basic adult education participants at a small college satellite campus on Manitoulin Island.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Research related to the participation and persistence of adult basic education students in Northern and rural Canada was virtually non-existent in the available literature. Furthermore, research pertaining to the participation and persistence of adult basic education students in rural Northern Ontario was absent from the available literature. Consequently, an explanatory sequential mixed methods study of the participation and persistence of Academic Upgrading students at Cambrian College’s satellite campus on Manitoulin Island was conducted. The study occurred in two phases. In the first phase, past and current students were recruited to complete questionnaires. In the second phase, individual interviews were conducted with past and current students who completed questionnaires, and individual interviews were conducted with past and current employees of the campus. Using thematic analysis and triangulation, six themes were elucidated from the participants’ responses: a) a positive and supportive environment, b) support of the professor, c) situational hardship, d) friends, friendliness and community, e) Indigenous and f) the Upgrading Program. Situational hardships were shown to directly affect the participation and persistence of students. Furthermore, a positive, supportive environment and professor support were inferred to affect the participation and persistence of students while friends, community and program flexibility were inferred to affect student persistence in the Upgrading program.


identifier: Ogolo, Chinwe <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ogolo=3AChinwe=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Exploring play-based learning in full-day kindergarten in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Teaching through play-based learning is emphasized as a fundamental strategy for
achieving full-day kindergarten curriculum objectives in Newfoundland and Labrador,
Canada. Through a multi-case studies design, this study investigated the
implementation of play-based learning by exploring three kindergarten teachers’
perceptions of, and experiences with, play-based learning. In addition, the study
explored four practices, outlined as play-based pedagogical practices in
Newfoundland and Labrador, in three English classrooms. These practices involve
how the classroom environment was set up to enhance literacy and numeracy
learning, how much time was provided for children to play and explore, sustained
shared thinking between teachers and children, and how teacher-directed and child-initiated
activities are integrated. Furthermore, the study sought to understand
children’s opinions on play and learning in full-day kindergarten. Data collection
methods included direct observations, semi-structured interviews, drawings, and
photographs. The data was analysed through a universal design for learning
framework. The findings reveal that the teachers believe that there is a relationship
between play and learning, and that play-based learning benefits children
academically and developmentally. Also, the findings illustrate that the three
kindergarten classrooms implemented the outlined practices. The children had ample
time to engage in free play, literacy and numeracy were integrated into every area of
learning and the environment, teachers and children engaged in sustained shared
thinking, and there was a combination of teacher-directed and child-initiated activities.
There was also a mix of large group, small group, individual learning, and child-initiated
activities. The findings demonstrate that although children enjoy playing and
believe that they learn when they play, they found it difficult conceiving play and
learning as the same. A result worth considering are challenges, which might impact
the teachers’ implementation of play-based learning, especially insufficient materials,
resources, and inadequate teacher preparation/education.


identifier: Campbell, Collin <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Campbell=3ACollin=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Intimate encounters with violence: media and trauma in the work of Phyllis Webb and Daphne Marlatt.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This dissertation looks at the work of Phyllis Webb and Daphne Marlatt, two West Coast Canadian poets who explored questions of media technologies and trauma violence in their work during the latter half of the twentieth century. This thesis takes up contemporary phenomenological and feminist analyses of the connections between media technologies and trauma, especially war violence, in relation to both the creative and practical careers of these two writers. Research into the histories of media technologies such as the letter, radio, photography, and television shows how these technologies have shaped our experience of violence both globally and locally, from nineteenth-century colonial garrisons in Canada to the internment of Japanese Canadians during the Second World War to the 1991 Gulf War. Ultimately, this dissertation suggests that these two poets offer new phenomenological interpretations of the ways in which media technologies shape our perception of historical, hidden traumas.


identifier: Seary, Christopher Thomas <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Seary=3AChristopher_Thomas=3A=3A.html>   (2020) Development of a multi-megahertz frequency converter for wireless power applications.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
A novel wave-shifting, frequency-reducing converter topology is developed, with the target application of capacitive wireless power transmission. The new topology combines a Class-E synchronous rectifier and Class-D inverter. Zero-voltage switching is achieved, and the converter is load-independent.
The developed converter is an AC-AC converter, which can divide the input frequency by any even whole number. The power throughput of the rectifier is less than that of the total converter, especially when the ratio of input to output frequency is small. Therefore, the wave-shifting converter has a potential advantage in efficiency over AC-DC-AC frequency reducers. The feasibility of the converter is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results. The intended application of the developed converter is to drive an isolation transformer in a capacitive wireless power rectifier. High-frequency transformers have been investigated, and it is shown that a suitable transformer is compatible with the developed converter.


identifier: Bélanger, David <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/B=E9langer=3ADavid=3A=3A.html>   (2020) Growth controls of rhodoliths (Lithothamnion glaciale) and relationships between structural complexity and macrofaunal diversity in subarctic rhodolith beds.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Coastal benthic ecosystems are major contributors to oceans global productivity and biodiversity. Research has historically focused on charismatic ecosystems such as coral reefs, kelp beds and seagrass meadows. This paradigm may overshadow the biogeochemical functions and ecological importance to coastal oceans of other less studied communities. Rhodoliths are benthic, unattached, slow-growing coralline red algae. Rhodoliths may aggregate into extensive and diverse communities called rhodolith beds, which occur within the photic zone in all oceans, from the tropics to the poles. This thesis used long-term laboratory and field experiments as well as seasonal surveys to characterize controls of growth in Lithothamnion glaciale rhodoliths and to investigate the relationship between structural complexity and the diversity of rhodolith-associated macrofauna in a subarctic rhodolith bed from southeastern Newfoundland. Results showed that rhodolith growth is negatively affected by elevated nutrient (N and P) concentrations and biofouling. Rhodolith growth was mainly controlled by irradiance and was unaffected by temperatures between ~1 and 17°C, but appeared to be inhibited by temperatures ≤ 0.5°C. Rhodolith bed structure showed little annual spatial and temporal variations. Macrofaunal density scaled positively with total rhodolith volume per surface area, whereas biomass did not. Results also suggest that rhodolith morphology exerts a control on the diversity of macrofauna associated to rhodoliths. Macrofaunal assemblages varied spatially and temporally in most taxonomic groups with few, uncommon taxa being generally responsible for dissimilarity between sites and among seasons. These findings provide novel insights into the ecology and vulnerability of rhodoliths to anthropogenic threats and climate change while elevating the importance of subarctic L. glaciale beds as a key ecosystem in the Northwest Atlantic.


identifier: Eastvedt, Daniel Theodore <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Eastvedt=3ADaniel_Theodore=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Detection of faults in subsea crude oil pipelines by machine learning assisted process monitoring.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Crude oil pipelines are a major infrastructure investment for subsea oilfields and for platform-to-shore transportation and continue to be the preferred method of transporting crude oil over short to medium distances due to low operating costs and high safety record compared to other transport methods. Their remote and often extreme locations limit their access and increases risks of human and environmental hazards in the event of failure. Due to their frequent placement in deep water and hostile environments, inspection and identification of faults (such as leaks and flow restrictions) are difficult, expensive, and hazardous. Faults are often only identified in accidents or upon routine inspection and after significant material losses and/or environmental damage has occurred. The oil industry would benefit from a low-cost and timely method of fault detection. This thesis proposes such a method by augmenting process monitoring with Machine Learning (ML).
This thesis investigates the relationship between pressure change, velocity change, and temperature of crude oil through a pipeline. A representative dataset of crude oil flow is generated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and used to train a ML algorithm to develop a model of fluid behavior under normal pipeline operations over a range of typical flow rates and temperatures. CFD data are then collected under several simulated fault conditions: leaks of 10 and 20% of the inner cross-sectional area of the pipe, and a restriction to flow of 50% of the cross-sectional area. This thesis demonstrates that the ML algorithm can be trained to model the system under normal conditions, thereby successfully recognizing a fault condition as non-conforming and indicative of a statistically significant change in pipeline operation. It is further able to identify the fault type based on the pattern observed in the new data. This work demonstrates that ML may be a low-risk, low-cost, and accurate method of monitoring a subsea crude oil pipeline for optimal performance and fault detection without the need to introduce special equipment to a subsea pipeline network, assuming flowmeters and temperature probes are employed for process monitoring. This thesis develops the model algorithm, and it is hoped that the results of this study provide a basis for the integration of machine learning and further “big data” techniques in loss prevention and health and environmental protection in the offshore oil industry and elsewhere.


identifier: Hopkins, David T. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hopkins=3ADavid_T=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Adsorption of copper by crab shell biochar.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In Atlantic Canada, fisheries and seafood processing represent major industries and contribute heavily to the regional economy. By-products from seafood processing, such as shells and bones, make up a significant waste stream from this industry and are currently difficult to valorize. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical process involving biomass in the absence of oxygen, is a simple and effective means of valorizing biomass, producing three product streams: a biogas, a condensable bio-oil, and a solid residue called biochar. In this thesis, the properties of biochar produced from the snow crab (Chionoecetes Opilio) shell are studied, along with its capacity to remove copper (Cu²+) and sulfate (SO₄²-) from water. Chapter 2 of this thesis includes a review of the literature on the use of plant-based, or lignocellulosic biochar for the removal of metals from water and simulated Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), along with marine-based biochar. The findings indicate that while marine-shell biochar is a seldom studied field, these biochars have metal adsorption capacities that are generally well in excess of those from lignocellulosic feedstocks, owing largely to their minerality (primarily in the form of calcite (CaCO₃)) and their alkalinity. In Chapter 3, we synthesize a crab shell biochar (CSB) from snow crab shell and then characterize its properties using a range of techniques to analyze its surface morphology, proximate analysis, surface zeta potential, and surface chemistry. These results indicate that the CSB is highly alkaline (pH of 11.75) and porous, with a BET surface area of 20.71 m²/g and pore width ranging from 3-10 nm. Zeta potential analysis indicates that the CSB has a primarily negative charge in solution across the equilibrium pH values studied (pH values of 7-11.5). Spectroscopic analysis indicates the biochar is mostly made of calcite, with some residual organic carbon groups, with some oxygenic and nitrogenic groups involved. Chapter 4 then analyzes the adsorptive performance of the CSB for Cu²+ and SO₄²-, common constituents of AMD. This is performed through analysis of required dosage, effect of solution pH, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and adsorption thermodynamics. The results indicate that the biochar can adsorb Cu²+ effectively at a dosage of 5 g/L, while adsorption of sulfate species is limited unless in the presence of Cu²+, at this point individual studies on SO₄²- are stopped. Cu2+ adsorption is further unaffected by acidity in solution under the initial pH values of 2-7, perhaps due to the alkalinity of the biochar. The adsorption capacity of the CSB is found to be 184.8±10.2 mg/g for Cu²+, with adsorption kinetics best fitting the Pseudo First Order Model. Thermodynamic analysis of Cu²+ adsorption demonstrates that adsorption capacity increases with increasing solution temperature, with adsorption from a 700 mg/L Cu²+ solution increasing from 52.2±3.0 mg/g at 5 ºC to 122.2±2.0 mg/g at 30 ºC. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption of Cu²+ was due to precipitation in the form of posnjakite (Cu₄[(OH)₆SO₄]·H2O), as well as some influence from residual organic groups. Overall, this research demonstrates that biochar from crab shell is a highly effective adsorbent for Cu²+, with a good potential for use in AMD owing to its alkalinity.


identifier: Papanicolaou, Euripidis Alexander <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Papanicolaou=3AEuripidis_Alexander=3A=3A.html>   (2020) The effects of sulphide oxidation on the preservation of hydrothermal chimneys from the endeavour segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Inactive seafloor hydrothermal vents on the seafloor are continuously exposed to oxygen-rich seawater and subjected to oxidative processes. These processes result in mineral breakdown, structural instability, and eventual collapse of the vents. Rates and timing of these processes are largely unconstrained, despite laboratory experiments using combinations of oxidizing agents, environmental conditions, and reacting mineral species. Here, sixteen sulfide- and oxyhydr(oxide)-rich samples were collected from inactive hydrothermal vents along the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge to document natural oxidative processes. Petrographic observations indicate preferential oxidation of low rest potential minerals due to the formation of galvanic cells between polymetallic sulfide minerals. Under ambient seawater conditions, sulphide-rich samples demonstrate dual production of iron oxide and oxyhydroxide precipitates produced by abiotic oxidation of sulfide minerals or microbially-mediated precipitation of Fe-oxyhydr(oxide) on exterior surfaces. The results suggest that dissolution of minerals hosting valuable metals like Cu and Zn will occur more rapidly than Fe-bearing minerals. Radiometric ²²⁶Ra/Ba ages were determined from a subset of the collected samples. This subset increases in age with distance from the current spreading center, supporting previous results indicating progressive aging of hydrothermal vents from the axial spreading center.


identifier: Simms, Elsa A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Simms=3AElsa_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Byzantine and Islamic artefacts in Scandinavian burial contexts.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Islamic literary sources that describe the funerals of the people of Rus’ only describe male burial rites. Viking Age commemoration through Eastern objects did not conform to a gender binary in the burial record. However, archaeological evidence at Birka indicates that trade, movement, and association with the “East” were also important elements of women’s and non-binary individual identities at Birka. It can be argued that the community made a point to represent and commemorate ethnically and gender diverse people in the burials with foreign artefacts. These artefacts are often ones from the Islamic World and the Byzantine Empire. This indicates that, despite a lack of representation of female and non-binary representations in the Islamic literary sources which focus on Viking Age burials, at Birka they were commemorated in similar ways to warriors and important men from the literary records. This indicates that women and non-binary people were equally as important in the conduct of trade and travel with Byzantium, the Islamic Caliphates, and the populations in between and this is indicated through the burial record.


identifier: Colwell, Emily Marguerite <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Colwell=3AEmily_Marguerite=3A=3A.html>   (2020) Examining upper extremity and trunk muscle activation in novice participants during a simulated tree planting task.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Manual reforestation is common in Canada and has a high rate of injury, many of which appear to go unreported, and approximately 80% of tree planting injuries are classified as “chronic”. Previous research has suggested muscle activation levels as underlying factors in the development of upper extremity and back pain. The purpose of this study was to examine surface electromyography (sEMG) in novice participants during simulated tree planting tasks to describe the muscle activation in the trunk and upper extremity during tree planting. Twenty participants (10 female, 10 male; age: 23.8 ± 4.18; body mass index [BMI]: 25.3 ± 4.16 kg/m²) completed an average of 25 ± 3 planting attempts to achieve 20 trials of acceptable quality plants (min: 21, max: 32). Six muscle groups were selected for sEMG recording: wrist extensors, wrist flexors, upper trapezius, erector spinae, rectus abdominus, and external obliques. All data from the rectus abdominus and external obliques were removed from analysis due to poor quality. Findings revealed that muscle activity in the shovel-side musculature was typically greater than in the draw-side in the earlier phases of planting, while activity in the draw-side musculature was typically greater than that in the shovel-side in the later phases of planting. Results of amplitude probability distribution function (APDF) analysis indicated that persistent low-level static exertions (10th percentile APDF of greater than 2% maximum voluntary contraction [MVC]) were observed in the shovel-side wrist flexors and extensors and erector spinae, as well as in the draw-side wrist extensors and upper trapezius. Although peak activation was not explicitly quantified, the linear envelope data showed maximum activations of approximately 25% MVC in all shovel-side musculature and in the draw-side forearm musculature. Persistent low-level muscle activation, high peak exertions, and high impact forces are ergonomic risk factors that may contribute to development of pain and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Thus, the study findings support the existing theory that persistent muscle activation plays a role in the high rate of injury present in this population.


identifier: Norton, Emily Catherine <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Norton=3AEmily_Catherine=3A=3A.html>   (2021) A case study of the contributions of public health nurses to infant mental health promotion in Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Promoting infant mental health or supporting the baby’s healthy social and emotional development during the first year of life is critical for a child’s healthy development and future mental health well-being. This knowledge has been slow to be integrated into the education of public health nurses, who provide key maternal-child services in Newfoundland and Labrador. This single instrumental case study explored public health nurses’ education about infant mental health (IMH), and their work experiences in dealing with young families, in order to identify ways to better promote infant mental health. Data collected through key document review and semi-structured interviews with key informants and public health nurses indicate that public health nurses provide numerous maternal-child services. However, they have many other roles that limit their time and ability to promote maternal-infant mental health, as mothers and babies wellbeing are very much interconnected. Most nurses stated feeling under-prepared to effectively promote maternal-infant mental health when they first started in public health and reported having varying levels of education in this field. Furthermore, they declared mostly relying on experiential knowledge to supplement their education. Time, resource, and geographical barriers may impede nurses’ access to education about infant mental health and its promotion. Effectively educating public health nurses about infant mental health promotion and addressing institutional barriers such as time, supportive infrastructure, and expanding scope of practice will aid in promoting lifelong mental wellness for these populations.


identifier: Kollipara, Roshni S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kollipara=3ARoshni_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2020) The function and evolution of the response regulator CtrA in Rhodobacter capsulatus and Alphaproteobacteria.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Rhodobacter capsulatus is a model organism for studying gene transfer agents (GTAs).
GTAs are a unique facilitator of gene transfer in prokaryotes. The DNA binding response
regulator CtrA plays a key role in modulating GTA activity in R. capsulatus, as well as flagellar
biosynthesis and cell motility. CtrA is an OmpR/PhoB response regulator with an N-terminal
receiver domain and a C-terminal transcriptional regulator domain. One unusual aspect of CtrA
function in R. capsulatus is that it regulates gene expression in both the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated
forms. Using overlap extension PCR, the constructs for expression of three of
different versions of ctrA in R. capsulatus were prepared: wild type, phosphomimetic, nonphosphorylatable.
These constructs place the genes under the control of the R. capsulatus puf
promoter for high level of expression and the encoded proteins have 6×-histidine tags for
purification in studies aimed at determination of the DNA binding sites of the different versions
of CtrA. Horizontal gene transfer is an interesting way that bacteria can increase their genetic
diversity. In this work, the distribution of ctrA in the Alphaproteobacteria was examined and
evidence of horizontal gene transfer of this gene was found. Using phylogenetic analyses, several
instances of apparent misclassification of alphaproteobacteria to the wrong orders were found
and one candidate ctrA horizontal gene transfer event that may have occurred in an ancestral
bacterium that subsequently evolved into one lineage within the order Sphingomonadales was
found.


identifier: Aina, Esther Oluwakemi <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Aina=3AEsther_Oluwakemi=3A=3A.html>   (2020) Codeswitching and identity among Yoruba-English bilinguals in Canada.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The thesis investigates codeswitching and identity among Yoruba-English bilinguals in Canada. This thesis is unique because no study has approached codeswitching and its possible identity acts among Yoruba-English bilinguals using variationist and speech act theories in any part of the world. It combines quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis to investigate the frequency, contextual constraints, and functionality of CS in 8-hour speech data collected from a socially stratified sample of 12 speakers. The research looks at when code switching is employed (context and function), how codeswitching is used (identity construction), influence of social factor (age, gender) and the structure of codeswitching among these bilinguals in Canada using St John’s Newfoundland as a case study. The analysis reveals that CS is a regular phenomenon among the speakers interviewed, and that its occurrence is constrained by social factors (age, sex) and interactional factors (function, topic). The thesis discovers that codeswitching is used for discourse and topic purposes. It observes that switch to Yoruba is to form allegiance and show affiliation with other Yoruba heritage speakers. When the switch is to English, it is both used for euphemism purposes motivated by cultural factors such as inhibition and prohibition in Yoruba culture to talk openly or publicly about certain topics, and for formal topics such as those related to academia, immigration and religious institutions.
Interestingly, the thesis discovers that young people codeswitch to Yoruba as much as they do to English contrary to research assumption that they will do fewer switching to Yoruba and that the male gender switches more to All English than their female counterparts which is treated as a overt prestige language.


identifier: Dunne, Tom <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dunne=3ATom=3A=3A.html>   (2021) The effect of dual policy interventions on the rate of central venous catheter associated infections in adult stem cell transplant patients with hematological malignancy in Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Background:
Central venous catheters (CVCs) have a risk of infectious complications. With a
suspected rise in cases in stem cell transplants, Eastern Health implemented two
changes to reduce infections in June 2018: (1) earlier CVC insertion and (2)
restriction of CVC access to specially trained nurses. The primary outcome was
the difference in rate of CVC-associated infections per 1,000 catheter-days.
Secondary outcomes included identifying modifiable risk factors to target for
future clinical interventions to lower complication rates.
Methods:
This single-centre observational before-and-after study included adult SCT
patients with CVCs was divided into the pre- and post-intervention cohorts
between 2014-2020. A complete chart review was conducted from the period of
first CVC insertion through the endpoint of CVC removal or patient death to
identify all incident cases of CVC associated infection, risk factors, cultures and
90-day all-cause mortality.
Results:
The study demonstrated an incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections
(CR-BSI) of 21.3% in the pre-intervention group and 25.0% in the postintervention
group (p=0.681). CR-BSI per 1000 catheter-days was similarly 2.39
and 3.39 (p=0.628). Neither was statistically significant. The study identified a
novel risk factor in preceding history of bacteremia (HR 763.1, p=0.039). In conclusion we were unable to demonstrate a reduction in infectious
complications associated with the two interventions.


identifier: Cuesta Valero, Francisco José <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Cuesta_Valero=3AFrancisco_Jos=E9=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Earth's heat inventory from climate model simulations and observations.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Changes in the Earth system due to anthropogenic activities, such as emissions
of greenhouse gases, have altered the response of the climate system to shortwave
radiation received from the Sun. This response is mainly determined by
several feedbacks that alter the amount of reflected shortwave radiation and
emitted longwave radiation into the Space, resulting in a positive radiative imbalance
at the top of the atmosphere. Such radiative imbalance causes heat
storage within the climate system and modifies the evolution of several physical
phenomena, such as permafrost thawing and sea level rise. Therefore, determining
the response of the system to anthropogenic activities and the heat
distribution among all climate subsystems is crucial to project future climate
change.
In this dissertation, I estimate a preindustrial surface temperature climatology
over North America and global changes in surface temperature, surface heat
flux and continental heat storage from borehole temperature profiles. These observational
estimates are used to assess the Earth Heat Inventory (EHI) and
the preindustrial climatology over North America represented in an ensemble
of transient climate simulations performed by atmosphere-ocean Coupled General
Circulation Models (CGCMs) from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project (CMIP5).
The retrieved temperature climatology for North America based on borehole
profiles is consistent with important features present in meteorological observations
over a different period and the same spatial domain. Although the models
were not tuned to match these temperatures, part of the analyzed CGCM
preindustrial simulations agree with this climatology, while the rest of the models
display lower temperatures. Estimates of ground surface temperatures and
ground heat content indicates an average increase in land temperatures of 1⁰C since preindustrial times, and higher values of continental heat storage than
previously reported. The assessment of the simulated and observed EHI shows
that CMIP5 CGCMs constantly underestimate the heat storage in the continental
subsurface, while overestimating the observed ocean heat content. These
CMIP5 CGCM simulations also achieve values of atmosphere heat content and
absorbed heat by sea ice melting similar to observations.


identifier: Billard, Randy Joseph <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Billard=3ARandy_Joseph=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Assessing and predicting human performance using simulator data and probabilistic methods.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Lifeboat training is normally conducted in calm waters to minimize the risk to trainees and equipment. Practice in anything other than benign conditions is prohibited. Trainees are given little or no opportunity to practice in conditions that are probable in an emergency, including moderate sea states and reduced visibility. Coxswains are also expected to be able to deal with hazards and equipment faults although they are not exposed to these conditions in practice. Consequently, little is known about how trainees will perform in an actual emergency and the modeling of human performance in harsh environments has not been possible due to the scarcity of human performance data. With the advent of lifeboat simulator technology, it is now possible for trainees to practice in adverse weather conditions and to apply their skills in realistic emergency scenarios. Data can now be collected to assess how skills are acquired in training and how skills transfer to new operating scenarios. This data can be used to create models to investigate learning and to predict performance. The research in this proposal uses data collected from experimental studies performed with a simulator to study skill acquisition and retention, to predict human performance in emergencies, and to form models of competence that can be used to study this problem space. The thesis also provides insights on human performance and equipment limitation and uses numerical simulations to generate data of lifeboat launches into high sea states.
The thesis comprises of four research papers, presented as chapters. The first paper evaluates how the type of training received affects the performance of lifeboat operators based on their ability to complete tasks in an emergency scenario. In the second paper, Bayesian inference is used to produce models of human performance to investigate skills acquisition in new trainees transfer of skills to new scenarios. The third paper presents a method to create models of competence using
Bayesian Networks which are derived from expert prediction and experimental data. The final paper examines the performance of lifeboats in high sea states and the impact of coxswain timing on the launch performance, using data collected from numerical simulations.
The contribution of the research is 1) knowledge on the amount of practice needed to achieve and retain competence to launch an lifeboat, 2) an evaluation of how skills acquired in training transfer to new scenarios, 3) knowledge on how the type of training received affects performance in an emergency scenario, 4) insights on how much practice is needed to learn different lifeboat task types, 5) an increased knowledge of equipment performance limitations in weather conditions possible in an offshore emergency, and 6) methodologies to create probabilistic models of performance that can be used to study learning and adapt training. The study outcomes have relevance to training providers and presents methodologies that can be used to study other problem areas. The scope of work is performed in five studies using the outcomes of a human factors experiment and numerical simulations.


identifier: Abu-Alsoud, Ghadeer Fouzi <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Abu-Alsoud=3AGhadeer_Fouzi=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Optimization and characterization of a new microextraction device for determination of phenols in water samples.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Porous water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer coatings with selective binding sites for extraction of phenols from environmental water samples were prepared on glass using an optimized mixture of water-soluble carboxylic acid functional monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate crosslinker, catechol as a pseudo-template, and a porogen system of methanol/water with linear polymer polyethylene glycol. The MIP devices were combined with ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector suitable for the simultaneous determination of trace levels of phenol, alkylphenols and chlorophenols in seawater (SW) and produced water (PW). For effective imprinting, the MIP formulation was optimized through systematic optimization of critical factors like the nature and the amounts of functional monomer, crosslinker, template, and porogen. To improve the analytical method, the parameters that influence extraction, including salinity, pH, adsorbent mass, desorption solvent, and desorption time were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits ranged from 0.1 to 2 μg L-1, and enrichment factor between 12.8 and 133.5. The recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 85 to 100% with %RSDs of 0.2–14% for SW and 81–107% with %RSD of 0.1–11% for PW. The MIP device is simple, robust, inexpensive can be used in automation and high throughput sample processing.
To better understand the performance of MIPs, four different isotherm models were used to study molecular recognition of five phenols on catechol imprinted polymer and cross-reactivity for 11 phenolic compounds through individual and simultaneous adsorption process, respectively. It was found that heterogeneity is a relative phenomenon depending on the chemistry of the adsorbates. The Langmiur-Freundlich isotherm model successfully explains the adsorption behaviour for small phenols and fails to explain the molecular recognition for the large phenols, while the BET isotherm successful in that and suggests formation of multilayer. It was observed that the competition of phenols for the binding sites of the catechol imprinted polymer depends on their hydrophobicity and solubility in water. In this work, we proved that a single isotherm model is not enough to explain the behaviour of the analytes toward adsorbent surface. Each model gives valuable quantitative data that help to explain the recognition mechanism for the adsorbates.


identifier: Perera, K. V. Gayantha Sashika <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Perera=3AK=2E_V=2E_Gayantha_Sashika=3A=3A.html>   (2021) The adaptability of empirical equations to calculate potential evapotranspiration and trend analysis of hydroclimatological parameters for agricultural areas in Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Calculation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) has been problematic in Newfoundland (NL) due to the lack of measured data. Therefore, PET data obtained from the Pacific Field Corn Association for St John’s, NL was compared against five empirical PET calculation equations (i.e. (i) radiation-based Priestley-Taylor (PT), and Makkink (M), (ii) temperature-based Hargreaves-Samani (HS), and Turc (T), and (iii) location-based Hamon (H)). Evaluation based on the results concluded that the HS equation would be appropriate to calculate PET in NL. Further calibrations and validations were done to modify the HS to better calculate PET for the growing season (May-October) in NL. The modifications improved the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and co-efficient of determination (R2) of the validated data. Trend assessment carried out using Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) and Mann-Kendal (MK) tests indicated that both methods were in par with each other. Most of the significant positive trends of monthly total precipitation (0.375-2.210 mm/month/year) were available for September and October. Positive trends for minimum and maximum temperatures were found mostly concentrated within August and September with increments ranging from 0.015 to 0.062 ºC/month/year. PET trends of magnitudes up to 0.011 mm/month/year were observed mostly within September and October. Total water balance did not show as many positive trends as other parameters considered. However, the available positive trends (ranging from 0.018 to 0.076 mm/month/year) were also focused mostly within September. As a conclusion, the HS equation with modifications and error margins (where necessary) can be used to calculate PET accurately for the growing season in NL, and positive trends are observed mostly within the later periods of the growing season. The results of this study could be used in consideration of agricultural expansion, selecting cropping systems and water management systems of NL in future.


identifier: Kosanam Chandrasekar, Geetha Varsha <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kosanam_Chandrasekar=3AGeetha_Varsha=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Acoustic signal-based underwater oil leak detection and localization.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have been becoming popular for exploring offshore, natural resource development, geological oceanography, and monitoring the
underwater environment. The acoustic channel characteristics in underwater impose challenges, including limited bandwidth, signal attenuation, and propagation delay that limits
UWSN utilization. The marine environment is under threat from pollution, which impacts
human life and activities. Compared to other pollution types, the oil leak is a significant
threat to the marine ecosystem. When the leaked oil or other petroleum products mix with
water in the ocean, significant biological and economic impacts could result.
Although much research has focused on improving the reception and processing of acoustic signals, increasing performance, and reducing packet delay, no significant research results
have been reported on finding an effective early-stage leak detection method using acoustic signal processing. Accurate information about oil spill location and its characteristics is
much needed for oil spill containment and cleanup operations. Developing an efficient under-
water oil leak detection and localization algorithm is still challenging in UWSNs because of
the impairments of the acoustic channel. In this thesis, we propose a technique that detects
the presence of an oil leak in the underwater environment at an early stage. We also propose
a localization algorithm that determines the approximate location of the oil leak.
Firstly, we review the propagation properties of acoustic signals to understand acoustic
communication in the marine environment better. We then discuss the transmission of sound
in terms of reflection and refraction. We propose a leak detection technique based on the
range estimation method to detect oil leak at an early stage before reaching the ocean sur-
face. We perform a two-dimensional analysis for evaluating the performance of the proposed
detection technique. To investigate the proposed technique, we perform evaluation with
different network sizes and topologies. We discuss the detection ratio, network scalability, power and intensity of the received signal. We then perform a three-dimensional analysis
to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. We conduct theoretical analysis to
investigate the proposed technique in terms of detection ratio, network scalability, power and
intensity of the received signal. We assess the efficiency of the proposed detection method
by considering an oil leak at different ocean levels.
Finally, we propose a cooperative localization algorithm for localizing the leak in the
UWSN. We then evaluate the proposed localization algorithm for two different topologies.
Our results show that our proposed technique works well for an underwater network with
concentric hexagonal topology. We can extend the proposed method for other types of targets
with different shapes and sizes.


identifier: Costello, Megan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Costello=3AMegan=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Managing risks through ALARP in offshore oil and gas operations.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis explores risk management techniques and the various methods that are available to aid in the determination of risk. It highlights both quantitative and qualitative risk management tools and focuses on Newfoundland and Labrador's local oil and gas industry. The concept of maintaining risk levels to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) throughout the lifecycle of a facility is a focal point of this thesis.
Some of the more significant Major Accident Events (MAE) of the past are highlighted with a focus on the effects those MAEs have had on the local oil and gas industry. In particular, the actions leading up to and during the Piper Alpha disaster are reviewed. Exploration of the aftermath of the Piper Alpha and the effects both it and the Ocean Ranger disaster have on the Canadian and Newfoundland regulatory regime are discussed.
The permanent Newfoundland and Labrador offshore oil and gas assets/facilities are highlighted; The unique requirements some of these facilities are currently facing, as the assets age and transition into a period of extension of the original design life, are explored. With age, there are new hazards and differing risks to the overall facility. Aging mechanisms, as they pertain to safety systems, and the determination of service life, are explored.
Since the late 1980s, the Canada-Newfoundland Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board (C-NLOPB) regulates local offshore installations through a suite of regulations and guidelines. The current regulatory regime is somewhat prescriptive in that, for the large part, it dictates how an Operator is to achieve regulatory compliance. It is the intention that the regulatory framework is to transition from a prescriptive based regulatory regimen to a hybrid approach where goal-based regulations are preferred through the Frontier and Offshore Regulatory Renewal Initiative (FORRI).
FORRI is a federal/provincial government partnership initiative focusing on regulations in all offshore administrative areas in Canada. FORRI intends to modernize the regulatory framework to performance-based requirements, reduce redundancy across multiple regulations, bring standards up to date, and enable a more efficient and effective regulatory regime. FORRI intends to eliminate five existing regulations and integrate them into one new framework regulation.
The proposed policy intention for the Framework Regulations is reviewed against the current suite of C-NLOPB regulations. The more substantial differences concerning Technical Safety design are presented as a gap assessment. The assessment is not intended to be an exhaustive listing; however, the aim is to highlight some of the more prudent changes potentially affecting the discipline of Safety and Risk and associated design.


identifier: Walsh, Joshua C. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Walsh=3AJoshua_C=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Synthesis, structure and function of oligo(1,8-pyrenylenes).  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 will show progress towards a review
of applications utilizing the pyrene core to show the utility of one of the most studied
molecules in chemistry is far from fully realized. Chapter 2 shows a monomer‐through-pentamer
series of oligo(1,8‐pyrenylene)s was synthesized using a two‐step iterative synthetic
strategy. The trimer, tetramer and pentamer are mixtures of atropisomers that interconvert
slowly at room temperature (VTNMR analysis). They are classified as functional molecular
liquids (FMLs) well below room temperature, as indicated by POM, DSC and SWAXS
analysis. The oligomers are highly fluorescent both in the liquid state and in dilute solution
and an investigation of their photophysical properties demonstrated that delocalization plays
a larger role in their excited states than it does in related pyrene‐based oligomers. Chapters 3
and 4 outline progress in using the oligomers as starting points for different molecular systems
will also be covered, attempting to put more ‘F’ in the FMLs.


identifier: Albataineh, Hussein Hamid <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Albataineh=3AHussein_Hamid=3A=3A.html>   (2021) The syntax of exceptives and exclamatives in Arabic.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis examines the syntax of exceptive constructions and exclamative constructions in Arabic. The study of both types of constructions is significant as it raises questions for case theory, word order, agreement, negation, and the syntax-semantics interface. However, contra previous studies, this thesis argues that both exceptives and exclamatives are nonsentential phrases (i.e., ExP ‘Exceptive Phrases’ and ExclP ‘Exclamative Phrases’), and there is no evidence to analyze them as TPs or CPs; in fact, there is compelling counter-evidence.
The morphosyntactic complexities in Arabic exceptives cast doubts on the adequacy of previous proposals in the literature and lead the thesis to argue for more principled accounts in which exceptive particles are the lexicalization of the functional head Ex which exists in two distinct environments. The first involves the full-fledged exP in which there are two different sources for theta-role and case assignment, and the second includes the functionally impoverished ExP in which one single source is available for both theta-role and case assignment. The thesis explains that the Ex-complement is assigned the accusative case only when the ExP is projected as a full-fledged exP. In the functionally impoverished ExP, a particular case is assigned on both the ExP-associate and the ExP-complement by PF-concord mechanism (i.e., Morphological Feature Copying). Furthermore, the thesis shows that free exceptives cannot include any maximal projection and cannot have greater distributional freedom than connected exceptives, contra previous studies. In brief, the thesis argues against an analysis in the light of coordination and ellipsis and maintains that Arabic exceptives are nonsententials.
In a similar vein, the thesis argues that Arabic exclamatives (Excls) are also nonsententials; they are largely temporally deictic to the here and now, and they are anchored by the context rather than Tense (i.e., they lack the TP layer). Based on this assumption, the thesis argues that Excls are asymmetrical small clauses projected as ExclPs. This analysis accounts for the peculiarities and intricacies of the three types of Arabic Excls (i.e., Wh-Excls, vocative Excls, and verbal Excls) such as their inflexible word order, case alternation on the referent, and the presence of some particles and affixes although not semantically required. The analysis of Excls as nonsententials is argued to be more adequate as it is more closely associated with the defining properties of Excls (i.e., evaluation and referentiality), and also to be more convincing since even the presence of the copula kān ‘was’ cannot be considered as counterevidence. The thesis argues that it is the realization of the Excl head, rather than an auxiliary verb in V or T, as evidenced by its distinctive semantic and distributional properties.


identifier: Pirmohammadi Pour, Hossein <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pirmohammadi_Pour=3AHossein=3A=3A.html>   (2020) Wittgenstein's world-picture.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Wittgenstein's world-picture

abstract:
In this paper, I discuss the position and meaning of Wittgenstein’s notion of “world-picture” in comparison with the central doctrines of Tractatus—the “picture-theory of meaning”—and Philosophical Investigations—“language-game” and “form of life.” This notion appears in his book On Certainty, which he wrote in the last couple years of his life; it prompts a few questions concerning the degree to which Wittgenstein distances himself from his previous philosophical stands, leading to the very interpretation of the “third-Wittgenstein.” Early Wittgenstein is mostly engaged in picturing the logical structure of language and its relation to the world. Later Wittgenstein, with a revolutionary step, criticizes his old thoughts and proposes new ideas. The crucial question here is whether Wittgenstein’s attention to the epistemological debates in the last few years of his life is a new approach to his way of doing philosophy.
We can study the notion of the world-picture concerning both strands. On the one hand, what we can find in Tractatus is sort of a metaphysical subject who is a limit of the world, whereas the world-picture discusses the beliefs of an empirical subject about the world—a subject who lives in the world. On the other hand, the world-picture preconditions the language-game presented in Philosophical Investigations. Before participating in any language-games or forms of life, a language user needs to have a worldview constituted of beliefs without reason.
How I intend to develop this topic is by looking at Wittgenstein’s early and later philosophy to tackle this possible question: Does the notion of a world-picture necessitate the recognition of a “third Wittgenstein” in philosophy?


identifier: Richmond, Isabella Croft <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Richmond=3AIsabella_Croft=3A=3A.html>   (2020) Investigating trade-offs using ecological stoichiometry in the boreal forest.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Studying trade-offs allows for the investigation of complex ecosystem interactions and processes. Ecological stoichiometry measures the elemental ratios and the balance of ratios in organisms and allows for comparisons across species, populations, and ecosystems. I tested two questions regarding ecological trade-offs. First, I tested whether there is interannual variation in the stoichiometric traits of boreal plant species and, if so, what is driving the variation. Second, I tested how herbivore space use is influenced by perceived predation risk and food quality. I found that interannual variation occurs in percent carbon for all species and that the evergreen conifer was the only species that experienced interannual variation in other elements. I found temperature, moisture, and productivity to be drivers of interannual variation. For the second question, I found that snowshoe hare space use is influenced by perceived predation risk and food quality. These factors interact and produce an effect at the individual level, where hares increase space use in high risk areas if there is high-quality food and vice versa. Predation risk and plant stoichiometry are connected through their shared impact on foraging behaviour, which influences herbivore life cycles. This work establishes ecological stoichiometry as an exciting framework to investigate biological trade-offs and contributes to our understanding of the temporal variation of resources and herbivore space use.


identifier: Muhic, Ismar <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Muhic=3AIsmar=3A=3A.html>   (2021) De-isolation and identity in Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis investigates two linguistic variables prone to change in the English language, stative possession and deontic modality. By investigating the change in progress in two Newfoundland communities, this thesis will explore the relationship between language and identity. Newfoundland has undergone a deisolation process over the course of the past century and has seen great societal changes with a lot of money and power from the “outside” having played a large role in this transformation. This thesis will investigate how this societal change might have attested itself in language. The Uniformitarian Principle assumes that the same processes that operate now have operated in the past, but it would be foolish to assume that this principle extends to a social factor such as prestige. This thesis will investigate what counts as prestigious in Newfoundland and how this is not necessarily what we would assume would be prestigious, i.e. the high linguistic variant.


identifier: Short, Ian P. B. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Short=3AIan_P=2E_B=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Evaluation of clinical practice over time for patients with stage II and III rectal cancer: a collaborative study of Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Background: In 1990, the National Institutes of Health released the first published
guidelines for the treatment of rectal cancer, which recommended chemo-radiation
therapy in the postoperative setting for patients with stage II and III of the disease. Since
then, numerous studies have suggested the superiority of neoadjuvant chemo-radiation
therapy in terms of local control, acute and long-term toxic effects, patient compliance,
and sphincter preservation. As a result, the current standard of care for patients with stage
II and III rectal cancer has become neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy followed by
surgery with curative intent. The objective of this research is to evaluate the changes
made to the clinical practice of rectal cancer over time by comparing the effects of
neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy to standard therapy on patient survival and disease
recurrence.
Methods: We examined the clinicopathological data for a sample of 757 confirmed
cases of rectal adenocarcinoma collected from 1 of 3 cohorts: the Newfoundland
Colorectal Cancer Registry from 1997 to 2003, the Ontario Familial Colorectal Cancer
Registry from 1997 to 2000, and the single practice of a general surgeon working in
Newfoundland and Labrador from 1993 – 2014. The primary outcome of our study was
overall survival in patients with stage II and III of the disease, which was measured from
the date of diagnosis to the date of death. We investigated the effect of neoadjuvant
chemo-radiation therapy on overall survival for these patients.
Results: For patients with stage I-IV rectal cancer, age, anterior resection surgery,
complete excision, grade, vascular and perineural invasion, and stage were independent
predictors of overall survival (p < 0.05). For patients with stage II and III of the disease,
age, anterior resection surgery, complete excision, grade, stage, and the presence of
perineural invasion were independently associated with overall survival (p < 0.05). Again,
no significant association between neoadjuvant therapy and patient survival was observed
independent of these variables. The rate of neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy was
significantly higher for stage II and III patients diagnosed after December 2003 (5% vs.
41%, p < 0.001). For this cohort, age, sex, stage, and vascular invasion were independent
significant predictors of overall survival (p < 0.05). Again, neoadjuvant chemo-radiation
therapy had no significant effect on survival. However, the relative risk for neoadjuvant
chemo-radiation therapy was 0.428 (p= 0.107).
Conclusions: In the cohort with stage II and III rectal cancer diagnosed after 2003,
the magnitude of the relative risk for neoadjuvant chemo-radiation suggested benefit, but
it did not achieve statistical significance because of the inadequate power caused by the
small study size.


identifier: Williams, Jessica <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Williams=3AJessica=3A=3A.html>   (2021) The religion of Tarot.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: The religion of Tarot

abstract: While Tarot cards are widely known as a fortune-telling tool, the practice of reading Tarot can also be understood as a spiritual practice. Tarot cards have undergone significant reinterpretations since their origins as a secular parlour game in the fifteenth century. Largely due to the influence of occult and alchemical thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, today Tarot has emerged as a mystical tool for divination, enlightenment, and spiritual self-help. This study seeks to understand the religious dimensions of Tarot for Tarot readers. Drawing upon the five dimensions of religiosity model developed by Rodney Stark and Charles Glock, this thesis reveals the inherent religiosity of Tarot reading for practitioners. However, this thesis also reveals the need for a more nuanced model of religion than that offered by Stark and Glock. The thesis argues that while the Stark and Glock model of religiosity can help reveal some of the spiritual dimensions of Tarot practice, its institutional bias fails to account for other important spiritual dimensions of Tarot religiosity.


identifier: Hancock-Teed, J. Drew <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hancock-Teed=3AJ=2E_Drew=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Phase-driven phonological domains in Gayogo̲hó:nǫˀ.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis presents a novel analysis of the long-standing debate on phonological domains
within the Gayogo̲hó:nǫˀ verbal complex. Building from the Minimalist and
Distributed Morphology frameworks and the Phonology by Phase approach, the analysis
proposes that the phonological domains arise from a three portion phase-based
syntax: a categorising vP phase, a VoiceP phase, and a CP phase, all linked to different
phonological computations. In addition to providing a solution to a cross-Northern
Iroquoian problem, this thesis contributes to the future study of that family by arguing
for the first time for a categorising vP within the verbal complex. It is hoped
that this work will prove useful for further research into word-internal phonological
and semantic domains in Northern Iroquoian.


identifier: Pennell, Julia <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pennell=3AJulia=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Genomic and functional analyses of Newfoundland and Labrador families with intracranial aneurysms.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The integrity of an arterial wall is impacted by various genetic, environmental, and
physiological factors that predispose to intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation in certain
individuals. In this study, whole exome sequencing was completed on a large cohort of families
from the Newfoundland and Labrador population to identify genetic predispositions contributing
to IA development. With the use of Sanger sequencing, HAL (c.959C>T; p.T320M) emerged as a
favourable candidate variant, and morpholino mediated gene knockdown of hal in Danio
rerio (zebrafish) demonstrated a dose-dependent hemorrhagic phenotype. The re-expression of
wildtype HAL RNA in the hal morpholino background was able to rescue the hemorrhagic
phenotype while mutant HAL RNA was not. These results suggest that the HAL (c.959C>T;
p.T320M) variant could be contributing to IA development in Family R1262. Additional analysis
of the HAL gene could help determine the extent of its involvement and contribute to an
improved understanding of IA pathogenesis.


identifier: Osmond, Jordan Marian <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Osmond=3AJordan_Marian=3A=3A.html>   (2021) The effects of etifoxine on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its relevance in elucidating the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease that is characterized
by immune-mediated demyelination within the central nervous system. Nod-like
receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation has
been previously reported as a possible pathophysiological contributor to microglial
activation and oligodendroglial loss in MS, particularly in progressive forms of the
disease. Herein, it is demonstrated that etifoxine, a translocator protein (TSPO)
ligand, attenuates the clinical symptoms in a mouse model of MS and significantly
inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human and murine myeloid-derived cells
in vitro by decreasing inflammasome-associated genes and inflammatory cytokine
production. These anti-inflammatory effects of etifoxine were mediated independently
of its previously described mechanisms related to engagement with TSPO and the
GABAA receptor. Furthermore, we observed a similar anti-inflammatory effect of
etifoxine on MS patient-derived monocytes, which provides clinical relevance for the
investigation of etifoxine as a potential therapeutic in progressive MS. Lastly, through
the use of a gene array, we identified multiple signalling pathways in order to
elucidate a novel mechanism whereby etifoxine may be inhibiting NLRP3
inflammasome activation.


identifier: McDermott, Jenna P. B. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McDermott=3AJenna_P=2E_B=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Habitat associations of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and their impact on the gray-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus minimus) in western Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Introduced species are known for disrupting ecosystems and affecting endemic species. Red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) were introduced to Newfoundland during the 1960s and by the 1990s the Newfoundland Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus minimus) had undergone a steep decline. It is hypothesized that nest predation by squirrels caused the thrush decline so during 2016 and 2017 I undertook point count surveys in the Long Range Mountains of western Newfoundland to compare the contemporary distributions and habitat use of these species. Squirrels and thrushes were strongly segregated, whereby thrushes were restricted to higher elevations (~340-600 m), while squirrels were abundant below 275 m, reaching an upper range limit at ~500 m. Gray-cheeked Thrushes were associated with harvested clearcuts, modified cuts, conifer forest, and tall scrub at the local scale, with only weak negative habitat associations at the landscape scale. Squirrels were associated with second-growth fir/spruce forest and old growth fir, while they avoided water, coniferous scrub, and regenerating fir/spruce forest. Gray-cheeked Thrushes have been historically abundant down to sea level, so this strong altitudinal segregation adds to the growing body of evidence that squirrels played an important role in the decline and range contraction of this species on Newfoundland.


identifier: Osmond, Jazpyn <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Osmond=3AJazpyn=3A=3A.html>   (2020) When you can't unearth the covered up: archaeology and the memorialization of Mount Cashel orphanage.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Far too often, places try only to bring forth the best parts of their heritage. St. John’s, Newfoundland is no different. The site of Mount Cashel Orphanage constitutes a ‘place of shame,’ associated with a number of instances of sexual and physical abuse committed by members of the Congregation of Christian Brothers against the boys at the orphanage. Local police, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC), and the Church covered up these allegations. In 1989, the RNC reopened an investigation, uncovering this abuse, which ultimately led to the orphanage's closure that had operated from 1898 to 1990. In 1992 Mount Cashel Orphanage was demolished, and today there is a grocery store, housing, and a memorial park, covering the site. I would argue that multiple factors explain the continuance of the cover-ups around the orphanage’s history, which does not show as a part of the area’s difficult heritage. To help combat this and to highlight how all heritage is important to the city’s narrative, I propose two ways of memorializing Mount Cashel Orphanage in this master’s thesis. This project's research involved interviewing two individuals connected to the Mount Cashel Orphanage and uses their responses regarding memorialization in conjunction with outside research.


identifier: Marentette, Julie R. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Marentette=3AJulie_R=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Things that matter: insights from structured objectives into the operationalization and evaluation of sustainable fisheries.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Objectives reflect values that matter to decision-makers, but can be challenging to articulate. This is particularly true in resource management contexts where high uncertainty amplifies the complexity of satisfying multiple conflicting objectives in an acceptable manner. Structured decision-making recommends structuring objectives into networks to assist with choosing management actions among a suite of alternatives. Here, I used content analysis (where words or concepts are identified in qualitative data, like text) to identify and structure objectives according to implicit relationships among them. Objectives were taken from Canadian laws, policies and plans for sustainable fisheries management. Resulting networks were then compared to the explicit objective structures in integrated fisheries management plans. There was a relatively high level of coherence and multiple connections between different axes of sustainability. Plans typically layered and then connected objectives to management actions regardless of the terms used to describe them. Implicit relationships among objectives may reflect the conceptual model(s) that would have informed law, policy or plan development. Networks can provide a scaffolding with which to compare how jurisdictions choose to fix means or ends objectives into law, pre-operationalize objectives, and evaluate sustainable fisheries performance. Structuring objectives helps to identify circumstances where it may be useful to base decisions on means objectives as proxies for hard-to-define ends, while also clarifying assumptions at play when that choice is made. Operational guidance for setting objectives in resource management contexts could benefit by recommending approaches to structuring objectives, in addition to aiming for measurable and time-bound objectives.


identifier: Power, Keith B. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Power=3AKeith_B=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Satisfying the basic psychological needs of students with refugee backgrounds: implications for their academic development, school inclusion, and psychological wellbeing.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This thesis describes a mixed-methods multiple case study that examined students
with refugee backgrounds’ basic psychological needs for competence, relatedness (both
student and teacher relatedness), and autonomy (Deci & Ryan, 2000, 2008b) relative to
their Canadian background peers in a small Canadian urban centre. It also examined
school level differences between the students with refugee backgrounds based on whether
the students were attending junior high school or high school. The Comprehensive School
Health framework (Pan-Canadian Joint Consortium for School Health, 2019b) was
adopted to understand group differences and to gain insights into how the school system
and individual schools were either meeting or thwarting the students with refugee
backgrounds’ basic psychological needs, and consequently their inclusion at school.
In total, 47 students (25 students with refugee backgrounds and 22 Canadian
background students) completed questionnaires that measured their psychological needs.
2x2 ANOVAs showed that the students with refugee backgrounds felt significantly less
competent than their Canadian background peers. No significant difference was found
between the junior high and high school students with refugee backgrounds’ levels of
competence. The junior high students with refugee backgrounds reported feeling
significantly less student relatedness compared to the Canadian background junior high
students and the high school students with refugee backgrounds. Conversely, no
significant difference was found between the high school students with refugee
backgrounds and the Canadian background high school students on student relatedness. For teacher relatedness and autonomy, no significant differences were found between the
groups.
The qualitative data, gathered through researcher observations, document analysis,
and 34 interviews with students, teachers, school administrators, and community workers,
indicated that the students with refugee backgrounds’ low level of competence was likely
negatively affected by many of the school and school system’s policies and procedures,
especially as they relate to the early inclusion of these students in mainstream
programming without adequate supports. The differences between the junior high and
high school students with refugee backgrounds’ sense of student relatedness was likely a
reflection of the more welcoming, supportive, and diverse social environment present for
the high school students relative to junior high students with refugee backgrounds.
Finally, recommendations on how schools and school systems can better support the
psychological needs and inclusion of students with refugee backgrounds, especially as
they relate to smaller urban contexts, are discussed.


identifier: Nirmalkanna, Kunasekaran <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nirmalkanna=3AKunasekaran=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Analysis of recurrent event processes with dynamic models.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
The analysis of past developments of processes through dynamic covariates is useful
to understand the present and future of processes generating recurrent events. In this
study, we consider two essential features of recurrent event processes through dynamic
models. These features are related to monotonic trends and clustering of recurrent
events, and frequently seen in medical studies. We discuss the estimation of these
features through dynamic models for event counts. We also focus on the settings in
which unexplained excess heterogeneity is present in the data. Furthermore, we show
that the violation of the strong assumption of independent gap times may introduce
substantial bias in the estimation of these features with models for event counts. To
address these issues, we apply a copula-based estimation method for the gap time
models. Our approach does not rely on the strong independent gap time assumption,
and provides a valid estimation of model parameters. We illustrate the methods
developed in this study with data on repeated asthma attacks in children. Finally, we
propose some goodness-of-fit procedures as future research.


identifier: Wong, Karen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wong=3AKaren=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Risk of stillbirth following in vitro methods of conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Objective
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine if there is an increased
risk of stillbirth among singleton gestations following in vitro methods of conception (including
in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection) compared with non-in vitro methods
of conception (including spontaneous conception, intrauterine insemination, or ovarian
stimulation).
Methods
Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to
June 2019. Reference lists of included studies and obstetric guidelines were also reviewed. Metaanalysis
was undertaken using a random effects model and inverse variance methods to produce
a summary odds ratio. Subgroup analyses were completed by type of in vitro or non-in vitro
method.
Results
Thirty-three cohort studies, and one case-control study met the inclusion criteria for this
systematic review. There was an increased odds of stillbirth associated with in vitro methods of
conception, (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23-1.67). A subgroup analysis demonstrated no increased risk
when comparing in vitro methods to those conceiving with a history of infertility.
Conclusion
Compared to non-in vitro methods of conception, in vitro methods are associated with an
increased risk of stillbirth. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether this risk is due to
the treatment modality or underlying infertility.


identifier: Harris, Louise A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Harris=3ALouise_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2021) Designing a visual grammar to enable more effective stakeholder participation in scoping organizational change: a physics of notations approach.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Successful organization change depends on effectively engaging impacted stakeholders
early in the change process so that change leaders and stakeholders have a common understanding of
the scope, benefits, and risks of the change. However, communicating a succinct and holistic view
of the change and gaining shared understanding on what needs to change can be challenging. The use
of sequential written communication and ad hoc graphics imposes a high cognitive load on
stakeholders. This results in reluctance or inability for stakeholders to engage when their
availability and mental resources are constrained due to operational demands. This research
explores the design of a conceptual modeling grammar that generates single page, intuitive diagrams
to reduce the cognitive load for stakeholders in understanding and defining the scope of
organizational change. We first developed a domain ontology and a grammar based on theory. We then
used the action design research approach to test and refine the grammar through three interventions
in service delivery change in healthcare organizations. In each intervention we were able to
overcome existing stakeholder engagement challenges and enhance stakeholder understanding of the scope of change being undertaken.


identifier: Abdel Hady, Saleem <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Abdel_Hady=3ASaleem=3A=3A.html>   (2020) The syntax of ostensible categories in Arabic.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
This dissertation examines the syntax of ostensible categories, categories whose surface form disguises their syntactic behavior, in Arabic, and whether Speech Act Projections (SAPs) impact their categorization. The study examines two types of ostensible categories: ostensible lexical categories (OLCs) and ostensible grammatical categories (OGCs). OLCs lexical categories include a set of lexical items that traditional Arab grammarians refer to as ʔism ʔal-fiʕil ‘Names of Verbs’ (NoVs). OGCs compromise functional items that have received little attention in syntactic investigations due to their multifunctional behavior. The study utilizes the Minimalist Program for data analysis.
The contributions of this dissertation are three-fold. First, it refines the previous categorization of ostensible categories and settles the debate regarding their syntactic category. Second, the dissertation presents evidence for the use of allocutivity and expressivity in the language. Despite their importance, these phenomena have not received sufficient attention in the literature. Third, the study offers a new mechanism for understanding how non-peripheral particles ground information syntactically.
Dedicated to OLCs, chapter three shows that the data requires that NoVs originate in a position appropriate for verbal roots, but that they move to a higher position where they are unlike from regular verbs. The high landing site is connected with allocutivity in the Arabic language and highlights its impact on categorization. The bottom-line that sets allocutivity as a vital component in categorization is that allocutive exponents do not have thematic roles.
Chapter four examines four types of OGCs: confirmatory particles, attitudinal particles, ostensible complementizers and call particles. By examining the function and syntactic position of those particles, the study provides evidence for their association with a Grounding Projection. Given the nature of the first three types, I propose a mechanism for grounding valuation. I show that SAPs have unvalued but interpretable features of grounding. The unvalued grounding feature scans for a valued grounding goal, the syntax links grounding markers with the grounding layer, regardless of their linear distance. The fourth type highlights the impact of allocutivity on generating warning calls. The final chapter opens new areas of research.