title: The Association of Antiretroviral Therapy and Hypertension among HIV-positive Individuals in Canada and Tanzania

contributor: Clinical Health Sciences (Health Research Methodology)

subject:
Clinical Epidemiology
Clinical Epidemiology

abstract:
Introduction: Hypertension is an important worldwide public health concern and is a concomitant risk factor for brain, kidney and cardiovascular disease, such as myocardial infarction (MI). Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has greatly increased life expectancy of HIV-positive persons, but has been associated with adverse effects.

Objectives: To assess the association between antiretroviral therapy and incident hypertension; to estimate the incidence of hypertension; and to explore known and potential risk factors for hypertension among HIV-positive individuals in Tanzania and Canada.

Methods: Subjects, 18 years and older, were enrolled into two retrospective cohort studies in Tanzania and Canada. Population and descriptive characteristics were summarized. Hypertension was defined as having a SBP>140 mmHg, DBP>90 mmHg, a diagnosis of high blood pressure, or receiving antihypertensive therapy. Statistical analyses, including independent t-tests, Chi-square tests, multiple linear regression, multivariable logistic and Cox regression were performed to assess for statistical significance (p<0.05) in SPSS14.0.

Results: In Tanzania, 52 HIV-positive, normotensive subjects initiating antiretroviral therapy were enrolled. Subjects had a mean age (SD) of 39.5 (7.9) years, were predominantly Black and 53.8% were male. After one year, 4 (7.7%, 95% CI: 2.1-18.7%) developed hypertension. Blood pressure, weight and body mass index (BMI) significantly increased (p<0.05) by 12 months.

In Canada, 486 HIV-positive and normotensive subjects were enrolled; 303 (62.3%) initiated antiretroviral therapy and 183 (37.7%) remained ARV-naive during the study. Subjects were predominantly White (>70%) and male (>75%) with a mean age (SD) of 45.1 (10.0) years. Nine-year incidence of hypertension for ARV-treated and ARV-naïve cohorts was 12.5% (95% CI: 8.8-16.2%) and 8.2% (95% CI: 4.2-12.2%) respectively. Hypertensive individuals were significantly older, heavier, and more likely to have abnormal lipids.

In the final multivariable Cox regression model for incident hypertension, antiretroviral therapy was associated with a 125% increased risk (p=0.018), adjusted for age, sex and race. Individuals >50 compared to <40 years had an increased risk of approximately>280% (p=0.003). Current weight (10 kg increments) was associated with a 37% increased risk (p<0.001). An inverse association between CD4-T-lymphocyte count change and hypertension was observed: a positive change of >500 cell/ml compared to a decrease in CD4-T-lymphocyte count was associated with an 80% lower risk (p=0.032).

Conclusion: Hypertension is common among HIV-positive individuals in Tanzania and Canada and expected to increase over time. Hypertension is associated with antiretroviral therapy; however, further research is needed to understand this relationship.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: FROM CHILDHOOD TO TWEENHOOD: AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF MARKETING FASHION TO TWEENS ON TWEEN SELF-IMAGE AND MOTHER-CHILD INTERACTIONS

contributor:
Miall, Charlene
Dorothy Pawluch, William Shaffir
Dorothy Pawluch, William Shaffir
Sociology

subject: tweens; fashion; self-image; gender; mother-child interactions; media

subject: Social Psychology and Interaction

subject: Social Psychology and Interaction

abstract:
Scholars and laypersons are increasingly concerned about the marketing of inappropriate adult fashions directly to tweens, children between the ages of eight and thirteen. Using a symbolic interactionist approach, I consider strategies used to market tween fashion images, and their influence on tween self-image and mother-child relationships.

Through content analysis of images in two magazines, Today's Parent and Tiger Beat, I establish that contradictions exist between traditional images of childhood as a time of innocence, and more recent adult or sexualized images of tweenhood; that both these types of representations are gendered; and that both reinforce gender roles in childhood and tweenhood alike.

Through qualitative interviews with mothers and tweens, I explore the meanings they associate with tween fashion and their influence on tween self-image. Both mothers and tweens are somewhat influenced by marketing strategies that use brands, logos and celebrity role models to market tween fashion. However, mothers use maternal "gatekeeping" strategies such as solo shopping, and control of financial resources, to mitigate the influence of fashion marketing on their tweens, and to avoid disagreements with their children over potentially inappropriate fashion styles.

Tweens themselves actively filter corporate messages based on their own internalized gendered meanings learned through socialization. The opinions of their mothers, primarily, and their peers, influence their assessments of clothing as appropriate or inappropriate, regardless of marketing strategies. Notably, tween girls use internalized gendered meanings to differentiate between fashions that convey a "good girl" image or a "trampy" image, reproducing patriarchal versions of women as madonnas or whores, even at this age. Despite moral panics, a symbolic interactionist approach inspired by the principles of the new sociology of childhood, privileges tweens' voices and reveals them to be embedded within social networks that temper the influence of tween fashion.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Structural Implications of Appearances and Reality in the Vulgate Version of the Arthurian Romances

contributor:
West, G. D.
French

subject: French

subject: French and Francophone Language and Literature

abstract:
No serious investigation of the Vulgate Cycle has yet been undertaken to examine critically the relationship between appearances and reality with a view to understanding their function as literary devices and their implications for the structural unity of the cycle as a whole. Since aspects of appearances and reality are by no means consistent from the beginning of the Vulgate Cycle to the end, marked differences may be readily identified by the careful reader and from this, one may make at least some tentative conelusions concerning the authorship of this vast body of material.

In the Estoire, an essentially religious and didactic work, reality assumes the form of absolute truth which is equated with the Divinity, whereas illusion, most obviously arising in the dream, acquires the negative value attributed to the deception of Satan. Similarly, the Queste is essentially a religiously oriented, didactic work, but the dreams and visions which occur here are further complicated by the device of the search, which in this case centres upon Galahad. In the Merlin, appearances acquire the form of disguise, which then invariably becomes the means by which the essential truth or reality of a given situation is revealed. The large body of material contained within the Lancelot Proper shows an increasing complexity in the use of literary devices which are associated with appearances and reality: disguise, mistaken identity, characters incognito and the boon. These provide the initial impetus for the many complicated quests for Lancelot which follow and offer a thread of unity and coherence to the multitude of adventures which the Knights of the Round Table undertake. The Vulgate Cycle culminates in the very sophisticated, psychological approach of the Mort Artu. Here, subtle illusion in the form of human folly reveals a man, who is fully aware of the truth of his own situation but who chooses to close his eyes to it and accept instead an illusion. In so doing, he brings total ruin and destruction upon himself and his kingdom.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Agricultural Settlement Patterns in Upper Canada, 1782-1851: A Simulation Analysis

contributor:
Gentilcore, R.L.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
This study of agricultural settlement patterns in Upper Canada, 1782-1851, has two principal aims. They are the isolation of variables relevant to a settler's decision to locate and the production of patterns for years between 1782 and 1851. Data are available for 1782 and 1851 so that these patterns are known; data for years between 1782 and 1851 are limited. Considerations of available pertinent literature and of the settlement history of Upper Canada suggest several principal variables; namely, availability of agricultural lots, distance from entry point, land quality for agriculture and potential in relation to market centres. These four variables are incorporated into a model of the settlement process which is probabilistic and is opaerationalised by means of simulation. The township is the scale of analysis. On the basis of the variables, attractiveness values are calculated for each township and interpreted as the porbability of receiving a settler.

Patterns are produced for 1851 and for years between 1782 and 1851. These model outputs are compared to the available real world data. The two principal means of comparison are visual analysis of settlement maps and correlation analysis.

The four variables are shown to be relevant and exponent values for each variable are estimated. The following ranking is suggested:

1. Entry points

2. Land quality

3. Lot availability

4. Potential

It is also demonstrated that, for patterns before 1851, the surveying of townships is important, although the effects of this factor are not evident in 1851.

This research, then, is an excursion into a relatively new field of historical geography - the creation of theoretical worlds of the past. Comparison of theoretical and real worlds indicates that the model formulated is appropriate. Further, because the model is quite general it is thought that it might be relevant for other areas and other times.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Primary Amoebic Meningo-Encephalitis and Isolation of the Causative Naegleria Amoebae From Ontario Waters.

contributor:
Dingle, A. D.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis (PAME) is being recognized with increasing frequency throughout the world since its initial discovery by Dr. M. Fowler in 1961. The disease, which has been fatal in all but two reported cases, is mediated by the amoeba-flagellate, Naegleria, which enters the host through a nasopharyngeal route. Naegleria was considered a free-living saprophyte until the discovery of PAME.

As of 1973, no PAME cases had been reported in Canada and it was not known whether this was due to incorrect diagnosis of meningitis cases, hostile climatic conditions that precluded pathogenic Naegleria growth to infective levels or complete lack of pathogenic strains in Canada.

Naegleria is easily isolatable from soil and fresh water sources and, consequently, a search for a pathogenic strain was undertaken in southern Ontario. Only water accessible to the public was sampled. A grossly polluted canal yielded a pathogenic strain capable of producing PAME when intranasally introduced into test animals.

A comparative analysis was carried out using the pathogenic strain and three other isolates selected for diversity of natural environment and/or non-pathogenicity. NB-1, a non-pathogenic laboratory Naegleria long used as a tool for the study of cell differentiation, was used as a standard.

The cultural needs, optimal temperatures for growth, the doubling rate, temperature tolerance, rate of transformation form amoeba to flagellate, effect of sub-lethal heat shock during this transformation process, cyst survival ability, resistance of amoebae and cysts to desiccation with alcohol and soap solutions, as well as various morphological measurements and taxonomic observations of the amoeba, flagellate and cyst phases were determined for the various strains.

The most distinctive and consistent feature found within the five strains was the thermophilic nature and temperature tolerance of the pathogens. Non-pathogenic strains failed to thrive at temperatures above normal body temperature. In addition, the cyst walls of the most virulent pathogen did not have distinctive pores, a feature normally found in Naegleria.

Experimental pathologic testing of the pathogenic strain showed a positive relationship between inoculum size and fatality rate. Tests showed that the rate of intracranial infestation with Naegleria exceeded the number of the individuals that succumbed to the disease. Also, some mice that appeared to be near-death from PAME were capable of recovering.

The virulence of the pathogen was not affected by the media used for sub-culturing and the age of the test animals had little effect on the fatality rate.

The pathogenic strain demonstrate a virulence and survival time (i.e., period from time of inoculation until death from PAME) that correlated well with studies conducted by other investigators using pathogenic Naegleria isolated directly from PAME victims.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: André Gide's Writings on Social Problems

contributor:
Knight, E.
Romance Languages

subject: Romance Languages

subject: Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures

abstract: The social writings of André Gide may not be considered as being separate from or unrelated to the rest of the author's work. They constitute a development of that problem which Gide examines in all his work, namely the search for a code of ethics for individual life in society, and in particular the assertion of the extent to which man may be hindered by other people as well as by certain social attitudes and institutions in the fulfilment of his desires and in the satisfaction of his requirements.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Youth Protest in North America

contributor:
Blumstock, Robert E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The proposed study deals with the delineation of the processes underlying youth protest in contemporary North American society. As such it deals with youth discontent as a response to social and economic changes which have been indigenous to Western culture during the past century and especially the past decade. Protest is conceptualized as being primarily a middle-class phenomenon and directed toward the attainment of a sense of ultimate purpose and meaning. Conversely, discontent represents the youthful expression of the desire to alleviate a sense of boredom, obsolescence, and uselessness precipitated by the technocratic, secular society.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An invetigation into a Status Adjustment Process

contributor:
W., F .
Sociology and Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Sociology Anthropology

abstract:
The work reported on here attempts to explore a prediction derived from an extension of J. Kimberly's Theory of Status Equilibration. The extension implies that if status aspiration is high enough a person with low ability and a demanding task will seek to lncrease the discrepancy between status derived from ability and status derived from his task function.

An experiment to test this prediction was designed and conducted by the author.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: John Donne and the Legacy of Petrarch

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Theme of Victim in the Works of Eugène Ionesco

contributor:
Pocknell, B.S.
Romance Languages

subject: Romance Languages

abstract: The reality of man's existence became a great source of inspiration in Eugène Ionesco's theatre. The aim of this thesis is to examine Ionesco's ideas on the victimization of man in his universe. In our presentation of his concepts, examples will be shown from various works (La Leçon, La Cantatrice Chauve, Les Chaises, Jacques ou La Soumission, Rhinocéros, Victimes du Devoir, Amédeé ou Comment - s'en débarrasser, and Jeux de Massacre) in order to fully examine his particular vision of life. Such a study aims at bringing about a realization and understanding of the conditions man is exposed to in the universe.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Body type, weight control and possible anorexia nervosa in jockeys

contributor:
Glanville, E.V.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
The eating and weight reducing behaviours of a group of male jockeys were investigated to determine a possible relationship to the disorder Anorexia Nervosa.

Informal interviews and the Eating Attitudes Test were used to assess the degree of anorexic-like behaviour present and to determine the relative contributions of personal and socio-cultural factors in the development of their eating patterns. Somatotyping was used to define the general physical type of the jockey and to determine the extent to which physical factors contributed to the observed eating behaviours.

These data indicate that the eating behaviours of the population simulate Anorexia Nervosa and that this is an adaptive response to cultural pressure to maintain a low body weight.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Where Eagles Fly: An Archaeological Survey of Lake Nipissing

contributor:
Noble, W.C.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This thesis is an attempt to initiate a detailed understanding of the culture history of the Nipissing Indians. To do so, a description, analysis, and interpretation of three stratified sites, Campbell Bay, Frank Ridley, and Frank Bay, is presented. Generally speaking, the material culture retrieved spans 5000 years of prehistory and is characterized by a number of imported exotic and utilitarian items, as well as, locally manufactured goods. It is suggested that the one theme which permeated this cultural tradition was the inherent mobility and exchange of goods and ideas that took place between the Nipissings and her allies. Specifically, the "middleman role" that characterized the Nipissings during the early Contact period is seen as an amplification of an existing traditional exchange system based on reciprocity. Changes in the direction and magnitude the exchange system are considered particularly as itapplies to the inception and proliferation of prehistoric trade based on horticultural products.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Athapaskan Matriliny and Trade In Canada and Alaska

contributor:
Damnes, David
Sociology and Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Sociology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis puts forward an explanation for the presence of matrilineal descent groups among the Athapaskan speaking people of Alaska and the western sub-Arctic of Canada. The hypothesis put forward here is that matrilineal descent groups apread from the Tlingit to the Athapaskan peoples, as a result of the more profitable) their trade with Athapaskans.

Membership in Tlingit descent groups apread to Athapaskans who became trading partners of the Tlingit and who married Tlingit women. This pattern of trading partnerships and intermarriage was copied by the Athapaskan and resulted in the apread of matrilineal descent groups into the interior.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Social Dominance in a Group of Captive Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx): An Analysis of Behaviour Indices

contributor:
E., Emöke J.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: Social dominance has been defined and measured in various ways in studies of non-human primate social organization. In this project, dominance is defined operationally as an inter-correlated cluster of behaviours, one of which is the ability to aggress on an individual without that individual responding with aggression. Behavioural observations are conducted on a captive group of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) in order to determine whether dominance relationships are present and to examine the validity of traditional measures of dominance. A cluster of inter-correlated behaviours is identified which indicates dominance and ranks the animals into a linear hierarchy. The primary significance of the dominance hierarchy lies in conferring predictability to certain limited types of behavioural interactions, including agonistic encounters, non-agonistic approach-retreat patterns, and non-agonistic presenting. Delineation of such clear-cut dominance hierarchies is rare in non-captive situations, and possible reasons for this difference are discussed. An improved methodological approach to the study of dominance is proposed as a basis for comparative analysis utilizing the dominance concept.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "She wants to be like everybody else, out working": Young adults with intellectual disabilities transitioning to employment

contributor:
Wilton, Robert
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: In recent years, both disability activists and governmental policy have emphasised the importance of competitive employment for people with disabilities for economic and social independence. However, in reality enduring barriers are faced by individuals when attempting to gain employment. There is extensive literature on disabled adults but less exists on the specific experiences of young adults with disabilities attempting to enter the workforce. The sub-specialty of geographies of disabilities is an established field however, that of intellectual disabilities has been to some extent ignored. This thesis attempts to address these limitations by examining the experiences of young adults with intellectual disabilities in transition from high school to competitive employment. It reports on a longitudinal qualitative study that examines the changing lifeworlds of a small group of young adults as they leave high school. In depth open ended interviews are used to compare and contrast the perspectives of the young adults themselves, their parents, as well as employers, a manager of a sheltered workshop and an educator from the local school board. Analysis highlights the young adults' perception on the importance of competitive work in daily life, and indicates that social relationships are of prime significance. Preparations for employment, such as transition planning, appear to be insufficient which results in varied challenges that they and their parents face in attempting to secure competitive employment. Individual work/life histories are used to identify these challenges and the strategies utilised to overcome them. These combine to shape the evolving daily geographies of the young adults that allow particular spaces of transition, and the complex spaces of inclusion/exclusion to be conceptualised. These indicate that the young adults appear to be 'stuck' in the transitional spaces between high school and competitive employment. In addition transitionary spaces that are initially assumed as segregated and exclusionary can also represent spaces of inclusion and community for the young adults. The importance of transportation in the lives of these individuals and their families is also discussed. Policy implications are suggested, including proposals for education policy in improving transition planning, and governmental social policy and service organisation policies as related to competitive employment.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: New Severn or Nieu Savanne: The Identification of an Early Hudson Bay Fur Trade Post

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis examines problems inherent in identifying fur trade post archaeological sites dating to the early Hudson Bay trade period (1668-1713). Research focuses on a particular trade post site (G1Iw-1) located near Fort Severn, Ontario. A re-evaluation of the area's early history indicated that New Severn (1685-1690) and Nieu Savanne (1700-1704) were the most probable candidates for the identity of this site.

Archaeological and historical data were used to identify the G1Iw-1 site as the former Hudson's Bay Company post New Severn. Evidence for this conclusion included artifact and settlement analysis of the New Severn site and historical accounts from archival and secondary sources.

The presence of French material culture items within the New Severn assemblage in conjunction with historical evidence suggesting a dependence on French Canadian fur trade expertise by the neophyte Hudson's Bay Company led to the advancement of a research hypothesis. It states that French and English fur trade posts extant on Hudson Bay between 1668-1713 should be characterized by strongly similar material culture remains.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sense of Place, Sense of Time: A Mixed Methods Study of Two Neighbourhoods in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

contributor:
Williams, Allison
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: Sense of place (SoP) refers to the meaning that people attach to their surroundings. It has been speculated that the longer one resides in a particular place, the greater their SoP, however the impact of age and longevity of residence on SoP has yet to be explicitly addressed. Furthermore, previous SoP studies have been conducted in various locales yet none have performed comparison studies at the neighborhood level. A mixed methods study was conducted in two contrasting neighbourhoods in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada - the Northeast Industrial (NEI) and the Southwest Mountain (SWM). The NEI is an older neighbourhood located in a low income, low education area whereas the SWM is just the opposite with newer dwellings, higher incomes and education rates. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between age, length of residence and SoP and to determine whether SoP differs between neighbourhoods. Data were collected as part of a larger project that aimed to operationalize SoP through the development of a valid and reliable survey tool. The first qualitative phase involved conducting focus groups (five groups; n=31) followed by thematic analysis of focus group transcripts. The themes and corresponding sub-themes that were generated informed the quantitative phase of the study, which involved analyzing data gathered from the survey (n=404). The results show that SoP perceptions do indeed vary as a function of residents' age, their longevity of residence and based on the characteristics of the neighbourhood in which they live, depending on the SoP theme (and corresponding sub-theme) in question.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Understanding Commuting Decisions: A Case Study of Students and Staff at McMaster University

contributor:
Kanaroglou, P. S.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: This thesis outlines the methods, results, recommendations, and conclusions of a study conducted on the parking problem at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. By taking the approach of studying the commuting behaviours undertaken by the staff and the students, this study not only is the first conducted at the university to connect travel behaviours with a parking problem, it is also able to provide meaningful recommendations towards successful travel demand management (TOM) that will help alleviate the parking crunch. A variety of research methods were employed including some exploratory analysis, employing Geographical Information Systems, and multivariate statistical analysis. Results are compared with relevant literature to produce recommendations towards the components of a well-developed TOM scheme, the most important of which are to employ many strategies simultaneously, and to have regular public input. The thesis concludes by summarizing the most easily employed strategies, implemented outside of the large-scale TOM plan, that would entice drivers to switch to altemative transportation modes of personal cars.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Shifting the Burden: The Impact of Home-Based Palliative Care on Family Caregivers Living in Rural Areas

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: Changes to the delivery of health care have resulted in increased reliance on family members to provide care in the home. This type of care is changing, becoming more complex and labour-intensive, and encompassing the provision of palliative and end-of-life (P/EOL) care. The demands of this care can be overwhelming, although access to support can mitigate burden and enhance the experience. In rural areas, access to services is fragmented and under-funded and the effect this has on family caregivers (FCGs) is not well-understood. Given the ageing population, the prevalence and necessity of P/EOL family caregiving is not going to abate. This research examined how family caregivers living in northern Ontario managed caring for their terminally-ill loved-ones in the home and how this affected their self-assessed health. A multiple case study design was used to explore the experiences. Data consisted primarily of semi-structured interviews, direct observations and documents. Conventional content analysis was used to develop themes from the data. The results revealed that FCGs in this area have limited access to support, through both the health care system and informal networks, and as such, experience high degrees of self-sacrifice and caregiver burden. A team approach to care with greater emphasis on the needs of FCGs is essential to maintaining caregiver health and well-being so that they may assist their loved-ones to die in their homes.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Hearing Darius: A Bakhtinian Study of the Voice of Darius in the Behistun Inscription, Herodotus' The Histories, and Ezra-Nehemiah

contributor:
Boda, Mark J.
Divinity College

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The theories of Bakhtin are becoming more influential in studies. The concepts of chronotope and polyphony have proved particularly useful in exploring narrative works. This thesis applies these concepts to the Behistun inscription, Herodotus' The Histories, and Ezra-Nehemiah to bring a more nuanced understanding to the character of Darius revealed in each work. The speeches of Darius, within their respective chronotopes and double-voiced by the narrator, reveal subtle undei10nes of characterization. In the Behistun inscription, the chronotope and the use of the monologic voice of Darius reveal a character lifted above the historical world to epic levels. In Herodotus, double voicing along with chronotope reveals Darius, who is otherwise presented as a powerful and mighty king, as vulnerable and human. In Ezra-Nehemiah, chronotope is used to raise Darius above the other Persian kings, except Cyrus, while double-voicing exposes his claim to be the true king of Israel through the support of the temple.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The biblical elements in Milton's "Paradise regained"; The classical features in Milton's "Samson Agonistes"; A summary of Milton's Second defence of the people of England.

subject: English Language and Literature

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Tourism and Development: Examining the Case of Sri Lanka

contributor:
Counts, D.R.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis examines the role of tourism in socioeconomic development in Sri Lanka. A broad structural approach is taken to depict tourism development within a historical framework and in relation to political strategies to development. The effects of tourism in the economy, on employment, and on social, cultural and political processes in Sri Lanka are given emphasis in the analysis.

The analysis is built around the tourist industry's articulation with foreign and local economic sectors. Types of tourism development are then defined and related to the effects of specific changes in socioeconomic formations. In this way the analysis provides valuable insights into the kinds of impacts modern mass tourism has on particular developing countries lacking infrastructure and involved in dependency-type relations with metropolitan states.

The results of the analysis show that capital-intensive tourism development does not contribute positively to development in Sri Lanka. Rather, such developments are characterized by high foreign costs, high employment costs, diversion of resources from local utilization and various sociocultural dislocations. On a structural level, this kind of tourism development undermines the objectives for self-sustained economic growth by creating an overdependency on foreign enterprises for foreign exchange earnings, employment and policy direction at the expense of local producing sectors. Thus, the experience of Sri Lanka indicates that rapid modern tourism development does not lead to greater internal integration and does not cater to the specific needs of the local people.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Representing Remarriage on 19th and Early 20th Century Burial Monuments in Southwestern Ontario

contributor:
Cannon, Aubrey
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
The representation of remarriage on burial monuments between 1815 and 1914 is explored here using archaeological and historical approaches combining the identification and understanding of kinship in mortuary archaeology with family history. The study uses thirty-eight Protestant cemeteries in the Province of Ontario located in Halton County and the former Wentworth County to identify motivating factors affecting the representation of remarriage historically.

The research combines gravestone analysis with the use of archival sources to identify examples of commemorated remarriage in the cemeteries. Parish marriage records indicate that remarriage was a common practice, however the commemoration of remarriage is less frequent than the commemoration of marriages generally. Several factors, including gender, family composition, status, family/community influences, denomination, and time lapse are examined in order to establish which factors motivated certain individuals to commemorate a remarriage when the majority of the population did not. Remarriage commemorations demonstrate considerable variability, however they do indicate a number of patterns, including that they are more likely to have larger and more elaborate monuments than those commemorating than marriage monuments.

The findings indicate that factors affecting remarriage were not uniform across the population. There are, however, four primary factors that appear to play a significant role in the likelihood of overt commemoration. Gender, economic status and inheritance, denominational beliefs, and the rise of companionate marriage are all significant factors acting on the individual decision to acknowledge remarriage on or through the burial monuments. While the presence of anyone of these factors does not guarantee that a remarriage will be commemorated, the likelihood appears to be increased when one or more of these factors is present. Additional research is encouraged.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Understanding the individual and socio-environmental risk factors of overweight and obesity in Ontario: a multilevel analysis

contributor:
Elliott, Susan J.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract:
Over the last several decades, overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in many developing countries, including Canada. These conditions have been identified as major risk factors for chronic disease and disability in many different contexts. Further, overweight and obesity have become a public health problem in and of themselves. The various symptoms and co-morbidities associated with these chronic conditions place a great deal of stress on the Canadian health care system, generating great economic concern.

This research takes a population health approach to the study of obesity, examining the complex relationships between individual behaviours and characteristics, human biology, and aspects of the local social and physical environment. To achieve these ends, a subset of the national Canadian Heart Health Surveys (CHHS, 1986-1992) specific to the province of Ontario was linked to neighbourhood-level data from the 1991 Canadian Census. Following this linkage multilevel analyses were applied to these hierarchical data. Preliminary findings indicate substantial area-level variation in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and an important role for neighbourhood level variables even after adjustment for individual demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural characteristics.

For example, living in areas with lower average dwelling values was associated with a higher BMI (2.728 kg/m2) for women in comparison to areas with a high average dwelling value. These findings provide evidence that the underlying mechanism driving the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity may be an environment that promotes high risk behaviours and lifestyles. The findings from this study provide support to the notion that at-risk individuals and at-risk neighbourhoods (low socioeconomic status) should both be targeted when designing and implementing health promotion policy.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Preliminary Considerations in the Application of Information Theory to Kinship

contributor:
Steager, Peter W.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This thesis explores uses of information theory as a basis for comparison of kinship terminologies. The relevance of this approach to anthropological problems is discussed with reference to the inherent characteristics of information theory and the techniques of componential analysis. Some hypotheses concerning the relationship between sibling terms and quantities of information are considered. It is shown, with respect to a limited sample of Polynesian societies, that the information 'content' of sibling terminologies tends to vary with both population densities and indices of social stratification. The paper concludes with the formulation of a similarity metric for sibling terminologies, using shared information values, and an application of the similarity metric to Athapaskan kinship.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Comparative Analysis of Three Iroquoian Indian Populations Employing Non-Metrical Cranial Traits

contributor:
Gaherty, G. G.
Glanville, E.
Noble, W.C.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This study is a comparative skeletal analysis of three Iroquoian Indian populations. More specifically, it utilizes an established methodology for examining selected non-metrical traits found on the skull. The statistical distribution of non-metrical traits (having an underlying genetic component) supplies information regarding biological affinities among the three populations under study. These include two Neutral Indian populations and one Huron Indian population, all dating from the seventeenth century. It may be expected that the Neutral populations, being culturally and linguistically homogeneous and of a similar period in time, would be genetically similar. The Huron population, being slightly dissimilar culturally from the Neutral populations may show a corresponding genetic "dissimilarity. Because the- three populations are of a homogeneous Iroquoian base, however, the degree of dissimilarity would be expected to be small. It was in order to clarify the biological affinities between the populations that this study was undertaken.

It has been concluded, through multivariable statistical testing, that a major distinction between Neutral and Huron populations does not exist on the basis of the traits examined. While differences between the three pairs of populations do exist, it has been concluded that the magnitude of these differences is small. Furthermore, of the seventeen variants showing statistical significance at the 0.05 level, eight of these may appear statistically significant because of sampling bias in such factors as age, sex, laterality, and correlation of variants. It appears that statistical significance may imply real biological difference for such variants as frontal grooves, zygomatic facial foramen, paramastoid process, parietal notch and parietal bone, chin form, gonial eversion and accessory mandibular foramen. Suggestions for methodological review have been offered in conclusion of this study.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Seneca's Medea

subject:
Classical Literature and Philology
Classical Literature and Philology

abstract:
commentary on Medea with an introductory chapter
discussing authorship, date, dramatic technique,
style and philosophical elements.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Modeling Destination Choice for Shopping Using a GIS-based Spatiotemporal Framework: An Investigation of Choice Set Generation and Scale Effects

contributor:
Scott, Darren M.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract:
Incorrect specification of destination choice sets and changes in scale or unit definition can lead to biased parameter estimates and predictions as well as influence findings in statistical tests. Through an empirical study, this thesis evaluates bias as a result of unconstrained destination choice sets and scale effects. Given the deficiency of most current destination choice models, which is the lack of integration of spatio-temporal constraints in generating destination choice sets, the activity-based approach is proposed as a solution by taking into consideration both spatial and temporal constraints in the generation process. Standardized industrial classification (SIC) codes adjoined to shopping opportunities are used to facilitate the discrimination of different shopping types and the classification of shopping stores in order to better understand shopping behaviour.

Analytical results obtained by techniques sensitive to scale effects or zomng effects are likely to change as the aggregation level or area boundary varies. Traffic analysis zones (TAZ) as predefined analysis unit in transportation-related research may not be an optimal choice in the context of destination choice behaviour. Documenting the results on model estimations at different scales and zoning levels is important to investigate the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) effects and critically assess the reliability of the estimates. Sensitivity of parameter estimations and model goodness-of-fit between the TAZ system and 10 randomly generated grid systems show remarkable differences. Under a series of criteria, the best zoning system is recommended with certain conditions applied. Our results support the suspicion on the suitability of predefined analysis units like TAZ and suggest grid systems could be a potential substitution.

The study area in this research spans seven counties of the Louisville MSA. Three primary data sources are used in our analysis: (1) a travel diary survey conducted in 2000 for seven counties of the Louisville MSA; (2) a 2002 Dynamap/Transportation 4.0 network produced by Geographic Data Technology Inc. (GDT); and (3) an urban opportunities data set for the Louisville MSA as geocoded from a database obtained from ReferenceUSA.

A time geography perspective, constrained destination choice set, discrimination of grocery and nongrocery shopping and MAUP effects on destination choice model characterize the contributions of this research to the literature.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Reading Ovid's Medea: Complexity, Unity, and Humour

contributor:
Murgatroyd, Paul
Jones, Howard
McLean, Daniel
Classics

subject:
Ovid
Latin
Literature
Medea
Mythology
Humour
Classical Literature and Philology
Classics
Classical Literature and Philology

abstract:
This thesis offers a consideration of Ovid’s portrayal of Medea - in Heroides 6 and 12, Metamorphoses 7, and in Tristia 3.9. Although several scholars have examined the myth as Ovid presents it, no one has yet offered a literary appreciation of Ovid’s various accounts of the myth – one that examines his use of characterization, humour, audience response, and one that treats his Medea as a consistent, albeit complex, character.

The first chapter focuses on the sources for Ovid’s Medea, the ways he makes changes and, as far as we can tell, innovations to his predecessors. The second begins with a general introduction to the Heroides, followed by a close reading of Heroides 6, showing how this letter is an oblique reference to Medea’s letter and myth, and I point out the links between the two poems, arguing that Hypsipyle’s letter must be read as a foreshadowing of Medea’s. The third chapter examines Heroides 12 – Medea’s letter - where I concentrate on Ovid’s characterization of Medea and specifically look at elements of black humour and foreshadowing. The fourth – and longest – chapter deals with the Medea of the Metamorphoses, where I propose that the real metamorphosis of this story is Medea herself, who moves from the state of an innocent young girl to that of a witch, yet noting that all of the changes take place within a work that is marked by its sense of playfulness – its perpetua festivitas – and note Ovid’s use of wit and irony even as his characterization appears to grow dark. The fifth and final chapter deals with the Medea in Ovid’s Tristia, where I place the Medea of this work within the context of Ovid’s exile poetry, while showing that he is working with a complex character and is in no way contradicting himself.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Traders of the Plains: The European Fur Trade and the Westward Expansion of the Dakota or Sioux Indians

contributor:
Damas, David
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
Over the years a considerable body of literature has developed which concerns itself with the westward expansion of the Dakota. Close examination of the ethnohistoric record indicates a consistent link between the Dakotas' involvement in the fur trade and their westward expansion.

Exception is taken, here, to previous explanations of Dakota population movements developed by Hickerson. Hickerson has argued that the Southwestern Chippewa were able to evict the Dakota from the forest areas about the Upper Mississippi because of the Chippewas' position in the fur trade. Close examination of the ethnohistoric record indicates that Hickerson's approach to Chippewa-Dakota relations, known as fur trade colonialism, was based upon substantial misinterpretation of the record.

Evidence from the ethnohistoric record shows that Hickerson's division of Chippewa-Dakota relations into a peaceful period from 1679-1736 characterized by Chippewa middleman control over the fur trade and a warlike period after 1736 during which Chippewa forces were able to evict the Dakota from the Woodlands was inappropriate to the facts. Evidence from the ethnohistoric record indicates that the general nature of Chippewa-Dakota relations was hostile throughout the period and that the Dakota were able to obtain European trade goods from a variety of sources independent of Chippewa middlemen.

Rather than being evicted from the Woodlands by the Chippewa, the Dakota were attracted to the Plains by the economic potential of a middleman trade position there. The spread of horses onto the Plains from the Southwest and the availability of European trade goods from the Northeast and Southeast created a situation in which the Dakota could profit from the exchange of these exotic products at trade rendezvous. There exists a strong correlation between Dakota westward expansion and changes in these trade relationships.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Discriminant Analysis of Rocker Jaws from Mokapu, Oahu

contributor:
Glanville, E. V.
Steager, P.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
The major emphasis of the thesis is a study of a particular morphological feature of the mandible known as "rocker jaw". The trait is a characteristic of Hawaiian populations. The framework of the study is the multivariate analysis of the characteristic to determine whether there are associated physical characteristics on the mandible. Also included is a discussion of the social activity of the people, as evidenced by their skeletal remains. A high development of "squatting" facets in the ankle, tibial, and pelvic joints indicate that the individuals spent a good portion of their lives in positions in which the knees were bent. social and cultural data re-iterate the popularity of the squatting position While at work, eating, and leisure.

Comparative data include Tongan, Easter Island, Eskimo, and Indian (North American). It is concluded, from a comparison of the frequency of rocker jaw, that this trait, in all probability, is predominant in Polynesia and appears to be an isolated genetic trait. The diets of the four comparative populations do not appeat to lend any evidence that the trait is a functional development due to hard foodstuffs and/or chewing habits. There is no evidence that the trait is pathological.

Statistical results show that the rocker jaw does not have any related characteristics on the mandible. The only significant characteristics are the heights of the corpus at. the molar and premolar levels. These characteristics are necessarily the only points of rocker jaw determination for visual observation. Thus, the rocker jaw appears to be an independent characteristic of the jaw.

The best predictors of sex on the mandible, as computed by this study, were the length of the mandible and the molar-premolar chord. These two characteristics were found to have the highest F-ratios (i.e. the most significant) of the sixteen characteristics (or variables) utilized.

The major emphasis of the thesis was a statistical study of the rocker jaw through the use of multivariate analysis. The study concludes with the statement that the rocker jaw has no relatec1. characteristics on the mandible (of those measured). It appears that the rocker jaw which has attained a high incidence in certain Polynesian populations, is probably due to genetic drift occurring in small isolated populations.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Braided Stream Deposits of the Battery Point Formation, Gaspé, Québec

contributor:
Walker, R. G.
Geology

subject: Geology Geology

abstract:
The Battery Point Formation (Devonian) Gaspé, Québec is interpreted as in part a braided stream deposit. Seven highly variable, dominantly fining upward sequences have been defined from the braided section. These differ from the sequences of meandering stream deposits in that overbank deposits comprise less than 10 percent of the braided sequences.

A generalized sequence has been built consisting of an erosional intraclast-strewn surface, on which is deposited a unit of pebbly sandstone composed of large, (up to 10 ft wide) poorly defined trough crossbeds. Above this is a unit of medium sandstone composed of smaller, better defined trough crossbeds. Within each of these two units are intercalated large (1 to 10 ft) sets of planar tabular crossbeds. These deposits make up about 90 percent of the generalized sequence. Above this, small planar tabular corssbed sets and large scour fillings occur, but these comprise only about 5 percent of the sequence. Capping the sequence is interbedded rippled sandstone and mudstone, followed by a small unit of fine sandstone in low angle to flat strata which show parting lineations.

The sequence is interpreted as resulting from the filling of a large channel within the braided system. The trough crossbedded sandstones are the deposits of migrating dunes. The large planar tabular crossbeds results from the building forward of linguoid bars. These dunes and bars are active channel deposits. The small planar tabular sets result from the migration of small delta-like bars and the scour fillings are caused by low stage fillings of high stage scours. The interbedded rippled sandstone and mudstone is a vertical accretion, floodplain-like deposit. The low angle strata above result from very high, swift floods sweeping over the emerged parts of the braided system.

The sequence actually seen are highly variable, but all bear some resemblance to the generalized sequence.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: A Critical Study of The Nigger of the Narcissus. Lord Jim, and Chance in the Light of Conrad's Notes and Prefaces

contributor:
Aziz, Maqbool
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
The first part of the thesis is devoted to a consideration of the Notes and Prefaces, particularly as they reveal the major principles of Conrad's aesthetic.

The second, third and fourth parts consist of an examination of the Nigger of the Narcissus, Lord Jim, and Chance in the light of the Notes Prefaces.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: So Many Decisions! The Fonger Site: A Case Study of Neutral Iroquoian Ceramic Technology

contributor:
Michelaki, Kostalena
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis investigates how potters from the Fonger site, a Neutral Iroquoian village near Brantford, made their ceramic vessels. My goal is to understand how a given environment, raw material properties, vessel function and a particular social context all came together to influence the potters' choices. I do this by identifying the choices potters made throughout the manufacture of ceramic pots, from the raw materials selection and preparation, to vessel formation and finish, decoration, firing and use, through the combination of a raw materials survey and experimental projects with macroscopic, petrographic and x-ray diffraction analyses and re-firing tests.

Each step in the operational sequence exhibited a different number of choices. The reasons why Fonger potters do things one way and not another seem to be more a reflection of social guidelines, of how a vessel should be made, rather than a reflection of distinct functional or mechanical requirements of their vessels.

There are several interesting conclusions from this research, including the identification of the raw materials from which shell-tempered vessels were made as well as the steps in the operational sequence that were socially directed and those that allowed potters more freedom of choice. I demonstrate that more micro-scale studies of ceramic manufacture at the village level give us a more nuanced understanding of how potters and ceramics fit into the daily lives of the Neutral people.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Magnificence of Borso and Ercole d'Este: Princes of Ferrara (1450-1505)

contributor:
Beame, E.M.
History

subject: History History

abstract: This study focuses on the reigns of Borso and Ercole d'Este who ruled Ferrara consecutively from 1450-1504. During this period Ferrara became one of the leading courts of Italy and a prominent European cultural centre. This was largely the result of the rulers' display of "Magnificence" , a classical concept which gained a new significance in the later fifteenth century. The Este used Magnificence to consolidate their dynasty and to fulfill personal political aspirations. Furthermore, they used it to emphasize class differences; such behaviour indicates the crystallization of an upper-class identity among the ruling elite of Italy. Ercole, in particular, emerges as an example of the self-assured, aristocratic ruler who appeared in the later Quattrocento Italian courts.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Textual Examination of the Sea and Seafaring Motifs in Old English Poetry

contributor:
Lee, A. A.
English

abstract: I intend to demonstrate a thematic continuity throughout a large section of Old English poetry, first by tracing the exile-seafaring motif in Genesis, Exodus, Andreas, Whale, the Seafarer, The Wanderer, and incidentally in Christ and Satan, Christ, Guthlac, and Juliana; I then propose to discuss the image of the sea as retributive agent; and finally, I will consider the sea as the path of the dead.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Peatland Restoration: An Ecohydrological Assessment

contributor:
Waddington, James M.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Pristine peatlands store approximately one-third of the world's soil carbon through the long-term accumulation of carbon as peat (Gorham, 1991). In Canada and Europe, peatlands are exploited for peat fuel and horticultural peat, which has an impact on the hydrological conditions and carbon balance of these ecosystems. Recent advances in peatland restoration techniques (e.g., Rochefort, 2000) have succeeded in the revegetation of Sphagnum moss on previously cutover surfaces. However, a peatland can only be considered functionally 'restored' after the newly formed moss layer has achieved a thickness such that the water table position in a drought year does not extend into the underlying formerly cutover peat surface (i.e. an acrotelm is developed). This study determines ecohydrological and hydrophysical properties of a newly formed peat layer, compares them to those of a nearby natural site and a naturally revegetated site and examines the spatio-temporal development of a new peat layer at a restored peatland, and from this, estimates of when the newly developing moss layer in a restored peatland will become a functional acrotelm are made.

The properties of the new peat layer differed significantly between the sites, especially for the lower (8-12 cm) layer. Lower samples for the natural and naturally revegetated sites had a bulk density of 43 ± 5 kg m-3 and 41 ± 11 kg m-3 respectively, almost twice as high as the value for lower samples from the restored site (24 ± 4 kg m-3 ). Sphagnum rubellum capitula density (ρc) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the restored peatland (28726 # m-2 ) compared to the natural site (26050 # m-2 ). Residual moisture content at 200 mb (- 200 cm in soil tension) (θr ) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) for the restored site in comparison to the natural and naturally revegetated sites for the lower samples (8-12 cm). This suggests that Sphagnum rubellum in a natural peatland is able to hold onto more moisture under increasing soil-tension than the same species growing in a restored site likely due to its higher bulk density and relatively more decomposed state.

The new moss layer thickness increased from 2.3 ± 1.7 cm in 2003 to 13.6 ± 6.5 cm in 2007 at the restored site. For the cutover (unrestored) portion of the peatland, the mean thickness values were significantly lower than the mean values for the restored portion of the site for each year (p < 0.001 for all years). Accumulated new peat layer biomass at the restored site increased over the six years post-restoration, ranging from 47 ± 43 g m-2 in 2000 to 1692 ± 932 g m-2 in 2005. The cutover (unrestored) portion of the site showed higher biomass accumulation for ericaceous vegetation, but lower Sphagnum, other mosses and other vascular biomass accumulation. A simple hydrological model was developed and determined that for the Bois-des-Bel peatland, given the mean summer water deficit at the site (-64 mm) and the storativity properties of the new moss layer (Sy = 0.34), a 19 cm thick moss layer would be required to offset summer deficit induced water table drop. elymo's (1984) model for acrotelm growth was parameterized to estimate how long it would take to develop a 19 cm moss layer at the restored site. Model results coupled to a GIS database for the site suggest that within 17 years post-restoration, more than 50% of the site would be above the 19 cm thickness threshold, an indication that peatland ecosystem restoration from a carbon accumulation and hydrologic perspective may be achieved in the medium-term. This ecohydrological approach will aid in designing a sampling strategy that can be useful in assessing the long-term impact of restoration on peatland ecohydrology and modelling carbon sequestration.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Kirche Site: A Late Prehistoric Huron Village in the Upper Trent Valley

contributor:
Noble, W.C.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
The Kirche site is an early 16th century Huron village that was excavated as an integral component of an archaeological project investigating late Iroquoian occupations in the upper Trent valley between approximately A.D. 1450 and 1615, by which time the area had been abandonded. This thesis describes the archaeological material recovered during three seasons of testing and excavation at the Kirche site and outlines a number of interpretations concerning the occupation of this village. As a component of a regionally focused project, analysis and interpretation are directed towards elucidating the nature of the occupation at the Kirche village within the context of its local cultural environment and only secondarily within the broader context of late prehistoric and protohistoric occupations in south-central and eastern Ontario.

The Kirche village appears to have had a complex history of formation, characterized by the fission and fusion of household groups. It is suggested that many of the villagers immigrated to the upper Trent valley in the late 15th or early 16th century, and that a small number of an indigenous population settled in the village as well. Population movements during the late prehistoric period in south-central and eastern Ontario appear to have been accompanied by increased warfare, the growth of villages through the accretion of additional population segments and internal village complexity. The archaeological record at the Kirche village provides additional evidence for these occurrences.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Geomorphology and Glacial History of the Central Area of Nahanni National Park: A Preliminary View

contributor:
Ford, D.C.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
A preliminary study of the geomorphology and glacial history of the central portion of Nahanni National Park in the District of Mackenzie, N.W.T. was undertaken. To provide a context for the work a comprehensive review of the literature dealing with the glacial history of the entire Yukon-Western District of Mackenzie Region is attempted and the various chronologies for different areas within the region are correlated. The subject area itself, 2,600 sq. km. in size and constituting the central portion of the Park was studied through the use of aerial photographs supplemented by limited field work. A geomorphic map of the glacial, glaciofluvial, gluvial and periglacial features of the Central Nahanni has been prepared at a scale of 1:125,000. Of particular note is the presence of extensive deposits of lacustrine silts.

Detailed study of the extent, stratigraphy and lithology of the lacustrine deposits indicates that on two separate occasions in the past a large proglacial lake occupied the lower Flat and central South Nahanni river valleys to a minimum elevation of 610 meters. The younger lake has been named Lake Nahanni and the older lake, of considerably greater age, is herein named Lake Caribou. Evidence from within the study area in conjunction with results obtained in other areas within the region is utilized to present a glacial chronology for the Central Nahanni. In this chronology it is suggested that Lake Nahanni is early Wisconsin or older in age. Lake Caribou is considered to be pre-Wisconsin in age.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Effects of Ethnicity and Language Acculturation on Interprovincial Migration Propensities in Canada: 1976-1981, 1981-1986 and 1996-2001

contributor:
Liaw, Kao-Lee
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract:
My initial reason for choosing this topic was that I thought I had found some deficiencies in Trovato and Halli's papers (1983, 1990), in which they used "ethnic effects" to explain the differences in geographic mobility levels among 7 major ethnic groups in Canada, using the PUMFs (Public Use Microdata Files) of the 1971 and 1981 censuses. They reported some inconsistencies between their expectations based on the "ethnic effect" hypothesis and their empirical findings, especially for Ukrainians, who were expected to have a lower propensity to make long-distance migration than average, but appeared to be more migratory. Originally I thought that the inconsistencies were due to the fact that they did not control for the general effects of the major regional differences in the spatial economy of Canada and the specific economic situation during the period of 1976-1981 on the propensities to make interptovincial migration.

However, as I tried to reproduce their empirical work, I realized that although the spatial and temporal factors are important for the study of internal migration in Canada, the omission of them was not the main fault of the work. The real problem was not what Trovato and Halli failed to incorporate in their models, but how they interpreted their multivariate results.

Taking this discovery as one of the major findings, much more empirical work was then done to get a better sense of the real migration situation for the ethnic groups in not only 1976-81 but also 1981-86 and 1996-2001. The finding of the low mobility levels ofItalians and Jews led to the further step of testing the economic niche theory. When using the long-form records of2001 census, the notice of the existence of new information made me carry out some additional work for the second-generation immigrants as well.

What needs to be clarified here is that Chapter 3 in this thesis is co-authored with Dr. Kao-Lee Liaw. The author's contributions include analysis of the data, development of tables, and the writing of the first draft as well as many discussions with Dr. Liaw.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Mass Transport and Chemical Kinetics of Platelot Adhesion to Biomaterials

contributor:
Brash, J.L.
Feuerstein, I. A.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
The operating procedure for Couette flow apparatus capable of evaluating the thromboresistance (by examination of platelet adhesion) of materials was standardized. It was established that operating at room temperature instead of at the normal physiological temperature, 37°C, did not affect platelet adhesion and that a continued exposure to a shear rate of 19 secֿ¹ for 40 minutes did not damage the platelets. The radioisotope evaluation technique gave consistent results with the direct counting method.

Platelet diffusivity in the presence of red cells was found to be one or two orders of magnitude greater than the one predicted by Brownian motion and to be dependent on shear rate and hematocrit.

A theoretical model for platelet adhesion was developed for the diffusion limited case and described the experimental data for collagen coated glass.

Glass, polystyrene, sulphonated polystyrene and polyurethane reached equilibrium values of platelet adhesion after 2-10 minutes. The equilibrium values of these surfaces were not distinguishable. Albumin coated glass reached an equilibrium value in less than 2 minutes that was substantially lower than the other surfaces investigated. Platelet adhesion to collagen, as predicted by the diffusional model, continued to increase with time.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Ochre Procurement and Distribution on the Central Coast of British Columbia

contributor:
Cannon, Aubrey
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: Ochre is common to archaeological sites around the world and often considered a culturally significant material. It was and continues to be used in a variety of contexts, as pigment for rock art and body paint, medicinally, and as a component of ritual and mortuary practices. However, the nature of its acquisition is poorly understood. This geochemical study uses instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) to examine the acquisition and distribution of ochre at and among multiple village sites on the central coast of British Columbia. INAA has shown to be a powerful tool capable of distinguishing different geochemical groups of ochre. Furthermore, the distribution over time and space of these geochemical groups indicates a mode of long-term, highly localized ochre procurement, and the potential for small-scale exchange and shared access to ochre sources. Ochre specimens from Katit (EkSt-1), have geochemically distinct signatures suggesting that the inhabitants of this village primarily accessed one source and did not engage in exchange of ochre with other villages in the region. Ochre specimens from Namu (ElSx-1) and Cockmi (EjSw-1) are from two geochemically distinct sources, which were either accessed by people from both villages, or occur at both sites as a result of small-scale exchange. These patterns of ochre-related behavior are consistent over long periods at each site. In addition to these, a small number of specimens from surrounding camp sites were analyzed to assess the geographical extent of the distribution of ochre sources in the region. These results enable a characterization of the nature and form of ochre procurement and distribution practices, and furthermore, how and what the analysis of ochre can reveal about broader notions of perception of landscape and resource use.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Chaucer's "Female Pantheon" in Troilus and Criseyde

contributor:
Hood, C. D.
English

abstract: This thesis examines the four prologues and the epilogue of the Troilus and Criseyde. Chaucer opens each prologue with the invocation of a pagan goddess and concludes the epilogue with an entreaty to the Christian Trinity and a tribute to Mary the mother of Jesus. This study examines classical and medieval mythology in treatises and in literature for the purpose of determining how it shapes and directs Chaucer's selection of a "female pantheon". The influence of mythology, both Christian and pagan, is shown as the formulating principle behind the basic philosophy, the religious tenets and the poetic imagery of the Troilus and Criseyde.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Comparing Days of Therapy (DOT) and Defined Daily Doses (DDD) as Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance in a Multi-Level Model

contributor:
Loeb, Mark
Walter, Stephen
Brazil, Kevin
Health Research Methodology

subject:
antibiotic
antimicrobial
exposure
utilization
risk factor
resistance
Infectious Disease
Infectious Disease

abstract:
Antibiotic use is generally regarded as the major driver for resistance. Many studies reporting an association between antibiotic use and the emergence of resistance have been published. However, most studies have significant limitations such as single center data with comparably low number of cases, using retrospective designs with limited data availability, ecological studies with lack of assessing the individual level and risk for ecological fallacy, and inappropriate selection of controls in case-control studies.

A cohort study in adult patients hospitalized in 15 participating acute care hospital sites in Ontario, Canada, was conducted from April 1 2005 to June 30 2006. Antibiotic use on the unit level in defined daily doses (DDD) was only available for 3 sites. In order to assess antibiotic use on both the individual as well as on the unit level as a risk factor for resistance, days of therapy (DOT) could be calculated. However, it was unclear whether this approach would results in similar findings as when using DDD. Thus, the impact of using either DDD or DOT on the risk estimates for resistance was assessed for three antimicrobial-bacteria combinations, i.e. fluoroquinolone use and fluoroquinolone resistance in enterobacteriaceae an in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the use of betalactams and resistance to third generation cephalosporins in enterobacteriaceae.

The risk estimates for resistance were very similar for all three antimicrobial-bacteria combinations on acute care units, there were some discrepancies on the unit level on intensive care units, and discrepancies on both levels for step down and rehabilitation units.

In conclusion, the approach to use DOT instead of DDD to measure antibiotic utilization revealed similar results. However, the lack of comprehensive information on patient transfers when calculating DOT may bias the findings on units with frequent patient transfers such as intensive care units and step down and rehabilitation units.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Census as a Source of Secondary Data

contributor:
Drass, Robert
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis was an attempt at considering census data as a viable source of data for secondary social research. Through the use of hypothetical research problems, the data was examined for possible errors. Several were found but upon further examination, they were found to be insignificant in the distirtion of analysis of data. The findings of the hypothetical research problem, the construction of socio-economic scores for the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec, were as follows; no significant differences were found to exist between major occupational categories for Ontario and Quebec. There were some sizeable differences between some single occupations between the two provinces, but on the aggregate, these made little difference for comparative analysis. In sum, we found the census to be a usefull source of data for secondary analysis.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Life History and Understanding Personal Meanings

contributor:
Preston, Richard J.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This thesis is an attempt to examine why it. is important to study an individual in his culture. A hermeneutical perspective then is offered as an example of one way in which an ethnographer may collect life history materials from a native person. Next, this hermeneutical perspective is developed as an interpretive scheme, the criteria of its uses are explored and then applied in a reinterpretation of Radin's presentation of Crashing Thunder, a Winnebago Indian. Consideration is given to how he used the life history form.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Insulin Sensitivity Independent of Adipose Tissue Inflammation

contributor:
Steinberg, Gregory
Sandeep Raha, Ali Ashkar
Sandeep Raha, Ali Ashkar
Medical Sciences

subject: obesity

subject: adipose tissue

subject: insulin resistance

subject: exercise

subject: inflammation

subject: macrophage

subject: Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition

abstract:
Obesity is associated with a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation that contributes to the development of insulin resistance. Exercise is known to improve insulin resistance, and emerging evidence suggests that exercise also reduces adipose tissue inflammation. However, the relationship between exercise and inflammation has not been separated from the confounding effect of weight loss. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIT) improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice independent of weight loss and 2) assess the effect of exercise on the relationship between adipose tissue inflammation and insulin sensitivity.

C57BL/6 mice were assigned to one of three groups: a control, chow diet (Chow), 12 weeks of high-fat diet with no exercise (HFD Sed), or 6 weeks of high-fat diet feeding followed by an additional 6 weeks of HIT (HFD Ex). In HFD-induced obese mice, HIT had no effect on body mass, epididymal fat mass, adiposity, or adipocyte size. HIT also did not alter adipose tissue inflammation, macrophage infiltration, or adipose tissue macrophage polarization/inflammation. Nevertheless, when compared to HFD Sed mice, HIT resulted in lower fasting insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

In conclusion, these finding demonstrate that HIT improves whole-body insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis independent of changes in body mass or adipose tissue inflammation. The benefits of exercise in obese individuals are obvious; however, the mechanisms underlying the improvements in insulin sensitivity observed following chronic, HIT remain to be elucidated.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Dental Morphology of Three Ontario Iroquois Ossuary Populations

contributor:
Gaherty, G.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
The major emphasis of this thesis is the statistical analysis of the biological affinity of Ontario Iroquois populations within the context of the Ontario Iroquois Tradition. The statistical comparison is based on a study of the dental morphology of the permanent crowns of three ossuary populations. A total of 64 dental morphological traits are considered. The three dental samples studied include two protohistoric Neutral ossuary populations and a protohistoric Huron ossuary population.

The results of the statistical analysis indicate a greater degree of biological affinity between the two protohistoric Neutral ossuary populations than between the Neutral ossuary populations and protohistoric Huron ossuary population. The dental morphological evidence parallels the present model of the Ontario Iroquois Tradition which is based on archaeological, ethnohistoric and linguistic studies. This model indicates a cultural divergence between the four entario Iroquois groupings - the Neutral, Huron, Erie and Petun - which occurred circa 1400 A.D.

Up until this point, dental studies of the Ontario Iroquois have been limited in number. This thesis indicates the potential of dental morphological analysis for making a major contribution to our current understanding of the Ontario Iroquois. In addition, it hopefully provides a preliminary step towards a uniform framework within which future Ontario Iroquois studies can be carried out.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Air Pollution and Respiratory Health: Re- Analysis of the Hamilton Children's Cohort Study

contributor:
Elliott, Susan J.
Kanaroglou, Pavlos S.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract:
Respiratory diseases have been and still are one of the major challenges in health research. While many studies have demonstrated that respiratory health varies by socio-economic status and environmental exposure, consensus among the scientific community is still lacking regarding the sufficiency of evidence to infer a causal relationship therefore highlighting the need for improved assessment of both exposure and outcome. This thesis addresses these issues through a reanalysis of the Hamilton Children's Cohort (HCC) study, undertaken in the 1980's in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The HCC study was the first one that provided important evidence linking adverse respiratory health with smoking, hospitalization in infancy and air pollution. However, given the limited development of spatial analysis and GIS at the time of study, the spatial dimensions of respiratory diseases and air pollution were not fully explored. The objective of this thesis is to re-analyse the HCC data in order to investigate the spatial variation of air pollution and children's adverse respiratory health as well as the relative importance of other characteristics that may determine the burden of respiratory incidences. Children's exposure to air pollution is first re-estimated using kriging and land-use regression. Based on exposure assessment analysis, compared to kriging, the land-use regression model performs better in capturing local variation of particulate pollution (TSP). The results of the land-use regression model are then used in multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis for the assessment of children's respiratory health. Findings of the multivariate analysis verify and strengthen the results of the HCC study indicating that in addition to their findings, children's respiratory health is associated with chest illness in

siblings, use of gas for cooking, low income and household crowding. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates the usefulness of spatial analysis and GIS in assessing children's exposure to air pollution and also strengthens the HCC study findings revealing statistically stronger associations between children's respiratory health and a number of covariates. In general, the results hold promise and in combination with space-time analysis may lead to the development of advanced exposure assessment models in order to improve our understanding of the potential determinants of respiratory health.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The British Liberal Party and the Liquor Licensing Question, 1895-1905

contributor:
McCready, H. W.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
This work attempts first to explain why by 1895 liquor licensing was regarded as a major political issue in Britain. The nature and extent of contemporary concern with the drink problem is analyzed, followed by a brief discussion of how the two major parties had polarized on the licensing issue by 1895, with the Conservatives being regarded as the party of the licensed trade interest and the Liberals the party of the temperance movement.

Then this work examines the Liberal Party's attitude! to the licensing question between 1895 and 1905. The decisive defeat of the party in 1895 was followed by a reassessment of the party's policies and purposes. The Liberal commitment to a semi-prohibitionist platform was held by many to have been a major cause of the defeat. Late in 1897 there began a campaign, led by Herbert Gladstone, to free the party from this commitment A Royal Commission on the liquor licensing laws reported in 1899. Under the guise of adopting the Commission's Mnority Report, Herbert Gladstone and the Liberal leadership laboriously constructed for their party a far more flexible licensing policy. Despite protests from important sections of the temperance movement, they managed to hold to the new policy until 1906 and the great Liberal election victory of that year.

Among the material consulted were manuscript collections, contemporary works on the drink problem and the licensing question, and the evidence presented before the 1896-99 Royal Commission on the Llquor Licensing Laws.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: An Experimental Investigation of Unequal Width HSS Moment Connections for Vierendeel Trusses

contributor:
Korol, R. M.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
A research programme is presented in which 14 HSS Vierendeel joints were tested. The specimens tested were all unequal width connections and two distinct b/h values were used (0.60 and 0.83). Four specimens were unreinforced while the remaining ten had three distinct reinforcement types. These were branch member flange stiffening plates, chord member top flange stiffeners and branch member offcut haunches.

Each specimen was loaded to failure and load-deflection and moment-rotation curves were plotted. In addition, the joint modulus (J) for each joint type was calculated.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Let the Past Go: A Life History

contributor:
Feit, Harvey
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
Life history as an anthropological technique is rarely used due to an assumed difficulty with analysis; however, a consideration of life history narratives provides some insight into individual understanding of experience, which often becomes lost in abstract generalized accounts of culture. Anthropologists derive personal meaning and cultural meaning from the same observed behaviour and it is because the distinction between individual and culture is blurred in a life history that analysis becomes a problem. Following Radin's method of inductive analysis, this thesis is an elaboration of one individual's understanding of experience; an explication of inherent meaning, both personal and cultural, as expressed in the narrative of a Cree woman from Rupert House, James Bay, Quebec.

The intent of the narrator is to provide some insight into competent social interaction within a Cree context. The implication to be drawn from the narrative is that Cree social competence is the ability to maintain an acceptable balance between individual autonomy and social responsibility which allows for effective interaction in one's social, mental, and physical environment. The ideals of reticence, self-reliance, emotional control and noninterference in the affairs of others mediate individual action and social responsibility.

Through a series of vignettes drawn from her own experience the narrator provides specific examples of the relationship between ideal and action, autonomy and social responsibility. Various aspects of social competence are explored, as well as differing levels of competence. The narrative provides a clear and complete account of one individual's development of social competence.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Seeing 'tis Known in Contraries

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
The combination of empirical rigour and intuitive, aesthetic insight in Sapir's thought has been amply documented (cf Lowie 1965), but an assessment of the compatibility of the two, infused as they are in his theoretical formulations, has been lacking. Metaphorically, Sapir's approach may be said to oscillate between two types of vision: the empirical caution to see what is given to the senses, and an intuitive sense of implication--"the chronic inability to see just what is there". The present examination shows, in a more systematic fashion, how in various dimensions, Sapir's underlying epistemology evinces central inconsistencies reflective of this oscillation.

The findings should be important for current anthropologists following on Sapir's ideas. It is also suggested that at a more general level, research of this type is necessary for informed, self-critical development in anthropological theory.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Characterization of Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulphur Dioxide Ambient Concentrations over an Urban Area through Land use Regression Modeling: An application to Hamilton, Ontario

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract:
This study presents statistical land use regression models to characterize the spatial distribution of two air pollutants: nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). While nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is considered to be a marker of vehicular pollution, sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a major industrial emission. The research uses mobile field- monitored pollution measurement data at over 2000 locations across the Hamilton Census Metropolitan area (CMA) during November 2005-March 2006. Various land use characteristics, transportation attributes and meteorological characteristics are used in the model to explain the spatial variations in the concentration of the pollutants. A key contribution of the paper is that it explicitly includes wind directions (i.e. north-east, north-west, south-west and south-east) into the models.

The results reveal that proximity to the major roads and highways, total length of roads nearby, traffic volume, nearby park and commercial areas, distance to the lakeshore industries and wind speed have major impact on NO2 concentration. While proximity to the roads and highways and higher total length of roads nearby increases the concentration of NO2, higher amount of nearby park areas and wind speed decreases the level of concentration of the pollutant. For north-east direction distance to major roads and highways, lakeshore industries, and wind speed has significant impact on the concentration level. While for the north-west direction, commercial area within 350 meter, distance to QEW and Centennial Parkway North intersection contribute significantly to the concentration of NO2, total length of the roads within 50 meter from the observation points and distance to the railway are significantly associated with the concentration level in case of south-east wind direction model. Lastly, the significance of a dummy variable indicates that the upper city has lower concentration of NO2 compared to the lower city according to the south-west wind direction model.

For the SO2 models, the results suggest that proximity to downwind locations from the industries, proximity to commercial and park areas, and proximity to the Bay Front Area play a role to the concentration of the pollutant. While downwind location with closeness to the industries increases the level of concentration of SO2, higher wind speed and proximity to the Bay Front Area reduces the level of pollution in general.

All models for NO2 and SO2 provide reasonable model fit in terms of coefficient of determination (R2) of the estimated land use regression models for different major wind directions. Almost all parameters are statistically significant at least at the 5% level of significance. The estimated models are used to generate pollution surfaces for the Hamilton CMA. The resulting spatial distribution of pollution concentration can be useful for informing policy.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Gunby Site and Late Pickering Interactions

contributor:
Noble, William C.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
The Gunby site, excavated during the summer and fall of 1977, represents a late Pickering village dating to circa 1300-1320 A.D. Ten longhouses, ranging from 10.0 to 45.2 meters in length, lie within a village estimated at 1.1 hectares (2.7 acres). This constitutes the most longhouses uncovered at a Pickering site to date.

Faunal and floral samples from Gunby clearly provide important new information concerning the subsistence and dietary preferences during this middle period of Ontario Iroquois prehistory. Important horticultural evidence indicates the presence of carbonized corn, squash and bean seeds. Also, the faunal sample indicates that hunting of Virginia deer was an important aspect of Gunby subsistence.

The artifact analysis reveals that closer contact existed between the Gunby Pickering peoples and the Glen Meyer villagers to the west than has previously been suggested. The utilization of various Glen Meyer cording techniques on Gunby ceramics illustrates this phenomena.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Historical Determinants of Carrier Social Organization: A Study of Northwest Athabascan Matriliny

contributor:
Slobodin, R.
Anthropology

subject:
Social and Cultural Anthropology
Social and Cultural Anthropology

abstract: The social organization of Carrier bands is found to have been functionally dependent on a network of relations with coastal groups and other interior bands, including Carrier. This network involved kinship ties, economic exchanges between affines, coastal and interior trade, and participation in common ceremonial activities. The social organization of each Carrier band depended on the total set of participant communities within a ceremonial and social network specific to each band. By means of published sources and unpublished manuscripts the approximate extent and chronology of introduction of coastal features is traced and the arrangement of social units described. Ecological and historical factors in the formation of Carrier social organization are described. Due to differential contact with coastal groups, there is a west to east decrease among the northern Carrier bands in the incorporation and importance of matriliny as a structuring mechanism. Among the southern bands, a bilateral form of social organization was prevalent. Historical documents and jourrials provided a base line for tracing the development and incorporation of coastal features in the interior, the whole process a function of the increased importance of the fur trade, commencing in the late eighteenth century, and shifts in population centres and density.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Transcendental Engineers: The Fictional Origins of a Modern Religion

contributor:
Colarusso, John
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis deals with science fiction and its manifestations as a force in popular culture. To be specific, I discuss science fiction and its symbolic connections with the recently formed 'cult' known as the Church of Scientology. Scientology was created by a former science fiction writer, L. Ron Hubbard, who uses a great deal of science fiction imagery in church doctrine.

Essentially, this study is an example of "processual symbology"; how ideas and symbols can be manipulated by relevant persons, changing the meanings of the symbols and altering any behavior surrounding those symbols. In this case we examine how ideas and themes in a fictional setting can become transformed into religious doctrine.

Science fiction has avid. followers known as "fans"; intense fans often spend the greater part of their energies pursuing their interest in science fiction. It is established in the thesis that fans subscribe to a science fiction ideology which in turn Scientology borrows from.

Science fiction fandom and Scientology in the earlier form of Dianetics existed in a common cultural underground of rejected occult knowledge known as the "cultic milieu". Tracing the history of the Scientology movement, we see how the organization grew into a large bureaucracy, socially distant from science fiction but still exploiting its fantastic imagery. In addition I discuss other minor cultic events generated by science fiction.

In conclusion, I mention the possible implications science fiction and groups like Scientology have on contemporary society. Also I use the utopian orientation of Scientology's doctrine to question the merit of grand utopian schemes in general and how these ideologies can affect those of us outside cultic movements.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Hamilton Site: A Late Historic Neutral Town

contributor:
Noble, Wm. C.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This thesis presents the description, analysis and interpretation of the Hamilton Site (AiHa-5), a large 6-acre Neutral Iroquois town occupied circa 1638 to 1650 A.D. Analysis of the settlement patterns and the material culture clearly indicates historic Neutral occupancy, but a significantly high (64 percent) incidence of shell tempered pottery also occurs. This presence of foreign pottery raised interpretational hypotheses to account for it, and an influx of foreign female potters is seen as the best explanation. Use of ethnohistoric documentation offers several alternatives for the identification of the foreign population. Finally, the possibility that Hamilton represents a Jesuit "mission" site is raised.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Ancestor Worship and Social Structure: a review of recent analyses

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: The first two chapters review the intellectualist interpretation of religion and ancestor worship and examine' the rise of the sociological approach. Chapter Three proposes definitions of key terms, differentiating cults of the dead from cults of collective clan ancestors and of immediate jural superiors. Chapter Four analyses the links proposed between unilineality and ancestor worship. Chapter Five discusses the functionalist approach to a belief in life after death. Chapters Six, Seven, Nine, Ten and Eleven. summarize important work done among some of the African peoples who worship ancestors. Chapter Eight looks at Fortes' theory of ancestor worship and authority. Chapters Twelve to Fourteen look at the relevant data from India, China, Japan and Melanesia. Chapter Fifteen sums up and evaluates the approaches adopted by anthropologists in the analysis of ancestor worship.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Food Habits and Nutritional Deficiency: A Study of Diet in Central Africa

contributor:
Weissleder, W.
Anthropology

subject:
Anthropology
Social and Cultural Anthropology
Anthropology

abstract: An examination of diet in Central Africa, showing that malnutrition is not only a function of nutritional needs and food supplies, but also depends on culturally learned behaviour and values.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Population Synthesis Techniques: Creating Input Data for Microsimulation Models

contributor:
Kanaroglou, Pavlos S.
Maoh, Hanna
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract: Population synthesis techniques are used to create lists of population members, where each member is endowed with attributes of interest. Aggregating these attributes across the synthetic members yields distributions which conform to known aggregate tabulations. Population synthesis is used when disaggregate population information is desired, and only aggregate and sample data is available. In this work, population synthesis techniques are discussed and compared, using a small, complete test population of firms. Given the results of these comparisons, populations of individuals and households are synthesized for the City of Hamilton, Ontario. These populations are then linked together to form a hierarchically ordered 'Comprehensive' population, where individuals belong to households, which in turn occupy dwellings over space. The synthesized comprehensive population is created specifically to meet the data input needs of URM-Microsim, a state of the art residential mobility microsimulation model. Originally calibrated for use in Europe, URM-Microsim is adapted for use in the Canadian context via the aforementioned comprehensive population. Some background on residential mobility modelling, as well as the URM-Microsim model is also presented.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Canadian-American Population Movement

subject: Political Economy

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: Religious Healing: A Comparison of Curing Phenomena in Two Societies

contributor:
Landes, Ruth
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This paper is primarily a comparison of two different societies with respect to how they view health and disease and the central role that religion plays in each culture's conceptualization and treatment of illness.

In the Introduction , Part 1, the objectives of the study, the methodology, and the theoretical framework are presented. Part II, deals with the outline of the Christian Science Church and Ojibwa Religion. Part III, focuses in on the Christian Science Church, its theory of disease, and mode of treating disease; Part IV does the same for Ojibwa Religion. Part V concerns itself with the comparison per se, while Part VI summarizes the salient features of the comparison as well as the shortcomings of the study. In general, it is found that without precise terms of analysis, the comparison of these two groups is not very fruitful.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: WORDSWORTH'S JOY IN NATURE AND ITS CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)