title: Problematic smartphone use: relating self reports of addiction to actual use, age of phone acquisition and gender

contributor:
Collett, Michelle (author)
(Symons, Doug) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Until recently, the research on smartphone use has relied heavily on self-report estimates of use. When compared with log data, these estimates have been found to be weak. Because few studies have compared validated self-report scales with actual use, this study examined whether self-report measures of smartphone addiction align with iPhone screen time data. Gender differences and relations with age of first phone acquisition were also examined. To address these issues, 75 undergraduate students completed an interview in which they were directed to the screen time feature in their iPhone and asked to report on their social media, texting, and gaming use within the last week. They also estimated console gaming time. Participants then completed online measures of addictions to the same constructs. It was hypothesized that: (1) the self-report and screen time measures would be significantly correlated, (2) women would have more texting and social media use, but less video game use than men, and (3) the younger that participants acquired their first phone, the more smartphone use they would have. It was found that all self-report measures of smartphone addiction were positively correlated with the screen time data, with the exception of texting. It was also found that women had more social media use but less video game use than men and that the younger that participants acquired their first phone the more texting they engaged in. Due to the correlations between the two measures of smartphone use being weak, it was concluded that self-reports of addiction are approximate but not very accurate measures of actual smartphone use.

abstract: Psychology


title: Prayer and perpetration source as predictors of the mental well-being of victims of psychological aggression

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor:
Irvin, Nicola (author)
(Bell, Kathryn) (Thesis advisor)
(Holmberg, Diane) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

rights: The author grants permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. The author retains the copyright of the thesis.

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Increased attention has been paid recently to examining the standalone associations of psychological aggression and victims’ mental distress, above and beyond the detrimental associations of physical aggression. The negative associations of psychological aggression perpetrated by various sources was examined, and the outcomes associated with intimate partner and non-intimate partner psychological aggression on victims’ mental well-being were directly compared. Additionally, though certain coping strategies have been shown to buffer the adverse effects of psychological aggression on victims’ mental health, prayer as a coping method has received relatively little scientific attention. The present study sought to examine prayer as a predictor of psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the potential moderating effects of prayer on the association between psychological aggression and victims’ mental well-being. Participants (N = 596) took part in a longitudinal diary study examining daily experiences of psychological aggression perpetrated by intimate partner and non-intimate partner sources, daily use of prayer, and mental well-being. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between psychological aggression victimization and levels of psychological distress, which was not moderated by source of perpetration. A weak negative relationship was found between prayer and psychological distress; however, prayer did not moderate the relationship between victimization of psychological aggression and psychological distress.

abstract: Psychology


title: From curriculum to teacher practice: is Nova Scotia's junior high social studies diverse in its offerings?

contributor:
Skinner, Nicole (author)
(Bonner, Claudine) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Sociological research on the integration of Nova Scotia’s Indigenous and African-descended content with school curriculum is limited. The adequacy issues of classrooms' covering these populations are more pronounced when looking into junior high social studies classes. This thesis focuses on answering the question of how well these junior high social studies classes address content related to these communities in their classrooms. These questions were analyzed through semi-structured interviews with four social studies teachers regarding their curricular understanding and individual practices. A critical reading of the 2005/2006 and 2020 grade 7 and 8 curricula was also undertaken. From these analyses, it is found that there are in fact barriers (Professional Development, Student/Teacher demographics, and teacher resources provided) that inhibit teachers from being able to incorporate content about these communities into the classrooms successfully. This thesis uses an Anti-racism educational framework (Dei, 1996) to assess curricular content and teacher practice. This thesis argues that some of the current curricula used by parts of the province are defined as “Eurocentric” and dishonest about the narrative surrounding Indigenous and African Nova Scotian populations.

abstract: Sociology


title: The great Canadian Green Crab Hunt: an evaluation of an experiential environmental education program for high school students

contributor:
Smithson, Anika Elizabeth (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Warner, Alan) (Thesis advisor)

rights: The author retains copyright in this thesis. Any substantial copying or any other actions that exceed fair dealing or other exceptions in the Copyright Act require the permission of the author.

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract: Community Development

abstract: Experiential environmental education can be valuable in helping youth to develop environmental appreciation, action competence and environmental stewardship. Kejimkujik National Park Seaside created a program for high school classes that uses citizen science to foster awareness of the importance of conservation and youth environmental stewardship. This case study utilized observations, semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and program staff and a knowledge questionnaire and environmental attitudes survey of students to evaluate the program. Results indicate that the program enhanced cognitive knowledge and motivated students to make a difference but did not facilitate environmental stewardship. Significant program and external barriers were identified, based on the Positive Environmental Action Model, as reasons the program did not foster environmental stewardship. Program improvements including more experiential activities during the post-trip visit and developing opportunities with community organizations are discussed as ways to lessen barriers that prevent the transformation of student motivation into action.


title: Rugose corals of the Windsor Group Kennetcook Limestone Member

contributor:
Whitaker, Sarah Merriam (author)
(Moore, R.G.) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1978

abstract:
The taxonomy  of  the  rugose  corals of  the  Windsor  Group (Visean-Namurian), E subzone, Kennetcook  Limestone  Member and its  lateral  equivalents in  Nova  Scotia  is considered. A new genus, Howia, is  established for Cyathophyllum dawson1 Lambe, and Zaphrentis  minas  Dawson  is placed in Enniskillenia. Lophophyllum avonensis Bell remains in Koninckoph y llum  where  it had  been  previously  placed  and the
C subzone guide fossil Dibunophyllum lambii Bell is considered to be a junior synonym of Clisiophyllum (Dibunophyllum)  billingsi  Dawson.
Thirteen microfacies containing  corals  are  described. Eight  occur  within  the  Minas  sub-basin, the  remainder  in  the Antigonish and Cape  Breton  areas. From  the analysis of these microfacies  a bathymetric  model  for  the Fundy Basin during  deposition  is  developed.
The corals are  assumed  to  have  lived  in tropical to subtropical latitudes, under normal marine salinities, within the  sublittoral  zone. Two biofacies containing autochthonous corals  are  described  from  the western Minas sub-basin. The Enniskillenia biofacies represents a community  inhabiting  deeper  water, in  soft  substrates,  while the community represented  by  the  Howia  biofacies probably lived  closer  to  the  zone  of  effective  wave  base.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Comparison of dynamic and static postural control in individuals with and without a history of concussions

contributor:
Racine Hallin, Emmarie (author)
(Lattimer, Lauren) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
Introduction: Concussions can result from a direct or indirect force causing the brain to accelerate in the skull, straining brain tissue and altering normal functioning. They are an increasing concern in sport, from detection through treatment and return to play. Concussion recovery should be considered individually
specific because there are many signs and symptoms, each requiring protocols in the rehabilitation plan. One concussion related deficit is in postural control, often assessed with a static balance test that may allow athletes to return to sport prematurely. In contrast to static balance tests, this study introduces a
sport specific dynamic postural control assessment that measures differences in center of pressure (COP) motion. The strength of neck stabilizers may also help maintain the stability of the neck in contact sport, thus reducing the likelihood of a concussion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if dynamic balance assessments could detect differences in postural control in individuals with and without a history of concussions and if there was a relationship between neck strength and a history of concussions.
Methods: Fifty-one participants (females= 25, males =26) completed this study. Anthropometric measures (reach length, eye height, isometric neck strength, cervical flexion endurance, and dynamic neck strength) were completed. Four novel dynamic balance tests were completed in addition to Balance
Error Scoring System (BESS) and Concussion Balance Test (COBALT), giving a comprehensive assessment of postural control, vestibular, ocular, auditory systems, proprioception, and cognition.
Results: In contrast with standard clinical practice COP measurements, two of our four novel dynamic tests yielded statistically significant differences based on concussion history and all four measured greater COP mean velocity. A pairwise comparison of these measurements showed statistically significant
differences with both BESS and COBALT. All neck strength tests were statistically significant when compared by sex, but not by concussion history.
Discussion: The four dynamic sport specific balance tests provide a comprehensive assessment of the functional integration of cognition, postural control, ocular, and auditory systems and allow better understanding of underlying post-concussion postural and cognitive deficits. Neck strength results were sex specific but further research is needed to understand why females are predisposed to concussions.
Importance: Dynamic balance assessments are crucial to the long-term success of athletes when returning to play post-concussion. Neck muscles play an important role in head posture and improving their strength, especially in females and may reduce risk of sustaining a concussion.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: The nature, origin and distribution of chloride in the Lower B subzone evaporites of Little Narrows, Victoria County, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Holleman, Mattheus (author)
(Colwell, John A.) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1976

abstract:
The stratigraphy  and  some petrology  of  a section of the  Windsor  Group  was studied  in  considerable  detail  in  a quarter  square  mile  area  centered  on  the  Magazine  quarry, Little  Narrows,  Victoria  County, N. S. The section  lies  between  the  Lower Red Siltstone  and  the  Middle  Red  Siltstone  of
Moore and  Lewis (1969). It  correlates  with  Bell's  (1929) B subzone of  the  type  area  at  Windsor. The relationship  between the  chloride  and  sulphate  is  considered  as  well  as  the  relationship  between  the  sulphate.
For  the  Magazine  quarry, maps recording  chloride  in the  boreholes  drilled  for  blasting  have shown  that  the  sulphate (gypsum  or  anhydrite)  contains  trace  quantities  of  chloride  in an  irregular  pattern. An attempt  is  made to  clarify  this pattern  and  the  origin  of  it. Halite  (derived  from  the  chloride content)  generally  makes  up  less  than  0.5  percent  of a sample by weight. A sodium  sulphate  mineral  may also  be  present, however.
The evaporite  sequence  was  deposited  in  a marine envir onment  below  wave base. Anh ydrite  is  the oldest  sulphate type  present  but  it  is  n ot known  what  the  original  sulphate was. The  finely  crystalline  gypsum  was  recrystallized  from the  very  finely  crystalline  gypsum, which  formed  from  the  anhydrite. The original  sulphate  was  fine  to  coarsely  laminated to  a large  degree. The mosaic, the  distorted  mosaic, the random  carbonate  and  the  other  textures  containing  carbonate probably  were  derived  from  a laminated  texture.
The chloride  is  mostly  found  in  secondary  features such  as  disseminated  crystals, cracks  and  selenite  stringers. Occasionally  it  occurs  along  the  bedding  plane  with  the  carbonate  laminae  in  the  anhydrite. The chloride  occurs  most commonly  with  the  anhydrite  and  least  with  the  finely  crystalline gypsum. It  more commonly occurs  with  the  random  carbonate than  with  the  mosaic  texture.
A  tentative  conclusion  is  that  the  high  chloride~ content  is  unrelated  to  the  amount of carbonate  the  sulphate contains,  if  the  carbonate  content  is  less  than  20  percent.
The chloride  and  selenite  stringers  have  a very  low correlation  coefficient  when  they  are  treated  as  independant variable.
The irregular  distribution  of the  high  chloride  rock is  only  partly  explained  by the  irregular  distribution  of  anhydrite  and  the  recrystallization  pattern  in  the  gypsum.
 A  high  chloride  content  occurs  at  all  stratigraphic levels  of sulphate  occurrence  except  between  the  Hazeldale  and Cain's  Mountain  limestones  and  a  five  foot  interval  above  the. latter.
The conclusions  are  in  general  agreement  with  those of a preliminary  study  by the  author (1974) except  for  the stratigraphic  levels  of the  halite.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: John Daniel Logan (1869-1929): biography, bibliography and checklist of the Logan Papers in the Acadia University Library

contributor:
Foshay, Toby Avard (author)
(Davies, Richard) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1981

abstract:
The Logan Papers, along  with  the Logan  Collection  of Canadian  Literature,  were given by J.D. Logan (1869-1929) to  the  Acadia  University  Library  during  the  years 1918-26. They comprise much of  Logan's  correspondence, many  of  his own  manuscripts, and, in  addition,  his  valuable  collection of  the  manuscripts  of  other  Canadian  writers. Since a thorough  listing  of  the Logan  Papers  has  never  been  made,
this  was a necessary  preliminary  to  any use of the  materials and to  an  accurate  knowledge  of  Logan's  writings  and  activities. The  Checklist  of  the Logan  Papers, with  its  Index, forms Part  III  of  the  thesis.
Part I is  devoted  to a critical  biography  of  Logan. His  Nova  Scotia  Scots  ancestry  and  his  Dalhousie  and  Harvard education  are  discussed  as formative  influences. His academic  career  and  early  philosophical  writings  are  treated as  revelatory  of  intellectual  and  personal  traits. The emergence  of  an  interest  in  Canadian  literature  and  early critical  writings  in  the  field  are  examined  in  this  perspective and the course  of  Logan's  opinions  and  experiences, culminating  in  his  history  of  English-Canadian  literature, Highways of  Canadian  Literature (1924),  is  discussed. Logan's  eccentric  and  excitable  temperament  resulted  in strained  relations  with the academic, literary  and journalistic  establishments  of  Canada. His  chief  contributions  to Canadian  letters  are  seen  to  be  his  efforts  on  behalf  of the study  of  Canadian  literature  in  schools  and  universities and  his  clear  conception  of  the  importance  of  Canadian  literature  to  Canadians. Unfortunately,  his  actual  literary criticism  is  of  marginal  interest,  even  when viewed  historically.
Part  II  of  the thesis  is  comprised  of  two  listings  of Logan's  various  and  extensive  writings. The alphabetical listing  is  standard,  but  the  chronological  listing  is  a biographical  aid, helpful  in  viewing  the  pattern  of  Logan's literary  efforts.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Stratigraphy of the Horton Bluff Formation, Wolfville, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Worth, John (author)
(Moore, Reg) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1969

abstract:
The  type-area  of  the  Horton  Bluff  formation  in  Kings and  Hants  counties,  Nova  Scotia  was  studied  stratigraphically  to  determine  the  geological  history  of  this  Lower Carboniferous  non-marine  formation. With  minor  changes, the  stratigraphic  colwnn  of  W.A. Bell  (1927,1960) was  retained.
A study  of  paleocurrents  revealed  a source  to  the  south and  south-east  on  the  mid-Paleozoic  Meguma  platform  of  Ce~tral Nova  Scotia. This  was confirmed  by  heavy  mineral  studies  which suggest  that  the  material  composing  the  Horton  Bluff  formation was  derived  predominently  from (1) granite  of  the  Acadian orogeny  (Devonian), from (2) metasediments  deformed  during  the Acadian  orogeny, and  from  (J)  high  rank  metamorphic  rocks  which  are apparently  from a previous  orogeny.
A  study  was · made  of  detrital  zircons  in  this  formation  and a scheme  of  classification based  on  degree  of  attrition  and  degree of  fracturing  is  proposed.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Influence of genetics and environment on reproductive fitness: lessons from a self-fertilizing, amphibious fish

contributor:
Simonson, Karmen (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Currie, Suzie) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2021

abstract: Biology

abstract:
The amphibious mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) are one of only two self-fertilizing, hermaphroditic vertebrates. Rivulus live in mangroves and have the capability of living both in and out of water and surviving a wide range of environmental conditions. We know the basics of the unique reproductive strategy of rivulus; however, there are still many questions that are worthy of investigation in order to better understand the biology of K. marmoratus and its complex life history.The goal of my thesis was to use three highly homozygous lineages to determine how specific extrinsic and intrinsic factors affect the reproductive fitness of rivulus. To this end, I used four years of reproductive datato determine if rivulus have periods of reproductive highs and lows. In a lab-
based study, I gave rivulus the choice between land or water to determine egg-laying preference and reproductive fitness. I observed differences in egg production over time in all 3 lineages. These temporal differences were not seasonally dependent and all lineages preferred to lay eggs in water. There were significant differences between individual fecundity and fitness where some individuals and some lineages laid many eggs but had low hatch success, and some laid fewer eggs but had high hatch success. My research on this emerging model fish provides broad insight into the consequences of genetics and environment on reproductive fitness and is also important for rivulus conservation in the wild and for breeding in the lab. Mangroves are critical yet threatened
habitats and we need to understand the environmental challenges for their inhabitants.


title: Using game concepts to teach programming

contributor:
d'Entremont, Josh (author)
(Diamond, Jim) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2015

abstract:
There are many diﬀerent ways to learn a programming language, some of which may be more eﬀective for certain students. In order to accommodate as many students as possible, diﬀerent techniques have been invented to teach programming languages. This thesis will explore the use of games as a tool to teach programming concepts, focusing on which aspects of games can be used in a programming environment. This includes a discussion of current systems which combine aspects of games with education.
Also presented herein is a system which was created using these concepts to allow users to play a collection of levels, in which completing levels requires them to write Java code. This system was tested on students of an introductory Java course at Acadia University, in order to determine whether it could contribute to higher grades.

abstract: Computer Science


title: Anglo-German naval rivalry, 1890-1916

contributor:
Stokesbury, James Lawton (author)
(Wilson, G. Alan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1960

abstract:
No abstract
History & Classics


title: The Church of England's role in settling the Loyalists in the Town of Digby, 1783-1810

contributor:
Padley, Taunya (author)
(Moody, Barry) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1991

abstract:
This thesis examines the effects of the Church of England's  participation  in  the  settling  of  the  Loyalists  in the  Town of  Digby.
Through the compilation and analysis of contemporary records, the  thesis  describes  the  difficulties  that  occurred in  settling  Digby, and the influence  of the  Loyalist town leaders and the Reverend Roger Viets, who was the first Anglican  rector  in  Digby. In  particular,  it focusses  on  their influence  on  the  Church's  role  in  the  settlement, and  on  the evolution  of  the  Church  itself.
This  thesis  concludes  that  the  Church  of  England  played a predominant role  in  the Town of Digby, as  it  did  in  the other major Loyalist settlements throughout the Maritime provinces. It also examines the important and complex relationship  that  developed between the  clergy, vestry  and town leaders, which contributed to the development of an elitist church,  unable  to  satisfy the  needs  of  the  rest  of  the Digby  community  and  in particular  the  residents  of  the  nearby black  community.

abstract: History & Classics


title: The student experience: how university students perceive success

contributor:
Herron, Rosemary (author)
(MacNeil, Ryan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: This thesis considers the challenges of defining “success” as an undergraduate student. Previous research suggests that “self-authorship”—the practice of authoring ones’ own journey—is the highest form of undergraduate success. That idea is consistent with cultural pressures to set aside other peoples’ definitions of success and create your own. I show that the student experience is more complex than this. Through autoethnography, I examine the taboo of copying others, the drive to fit in, and the pressures of being a fourth-year student on the cusp of graduation. I explore these themes further through fictionalized accounts of real discussions with two senior undergraduate peers. Overall, I argue that student success is best understood in a raw and authentic way that resonates with other students.

abstract: Business


title: Application of the BCG strategy palette on small and medium sized enterprises

contributor:
Cochrane, Quincy (author)
(Vibert, Conor) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
Academics and researchers have long wondered about how decisions makers in organizations perceive the environments in which they operate in. This important question assumes that the behaviours of organizations are not solely determined by their environments. A group of observers from BCG suggests that the different ways managers perceive these operating environments can be grouped into five different categories making up a framework called the Strategy Palette. The framework was based on observations of large corporations in the Fortune 500. It begged the question, does this framework also apply to managers of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) which make up over half of national GDP?
 The framework was presented as being all encompassing and applicable to managers of SMEs. A set of hypotheses were tested in the current study using textual analysis of a dataset of SME manager interviews to determine whether managers were perceiving their operating environment through a specific strategy described in the Strategy Palette. It was found that the Strategy Palette is applicable to the context of SMEs. The scope of this study was limited but allows for further research into the different applications and nuances of the Strategy Palette.

abstract: Business


title: An exploration of concussion knowledge, attitudes,and behaviours in the pediatric population

contributor:
Plavsic, Romana (author)
(King, Colin) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
CHAPTER 2: Manuscript
2.1 Abstract
Context: Evidence suggests that concussion knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours have a substantial impact on concussion reporting and concussion care. Despite the recent growth in awareness, concerning gaps in concussion knowledge have been found in groups of physicians, coaches, parents, high school, and collegiate athletes. However, limited studies have examined concussion knowledge in the pediatric population, particularly those below the high school age range. The lack of evidence limits the specificity of educational interventions designed for this age group, thus limiting its effectiveness and consequently putting the neurological health of our youth at risk. To address this gap, the present study explored concussion knowledge, attitudes, and reporting behaviours in a sample of children between grades 5-9 who were currently
involved in organized sport.
Methods: The study used a cross-sectional observational design. Twenty youth sport participants between grades 5-9 formed a convenience sample. A total of 11 females and 9 males enrolled in the study. The primary sport of participants surveyed was hockey (n=17), followed by swimming (n=2), and basketball (n=1). The average number of concussions experienced by each participant was 0.84 ± 0.70. A 51-item, online, anonymous questionnaire, consisting of factual and scenario-based questions was used to explore beliefs, knowledge of, and attitudes towards concussions. The questionnaire was designed using previously validated concussion knowledge surveys, then merged and adapted to the fit the target population. The adapted questionnaire was reviewed and validated by three certified athletic therapists familiar with questionnaire development.
Results: The most commonly identified symptoms were having headaches (100%), feeling dizzy (95%), trouble concentrating (85%), and feeling like the room is spinning (80%). Commonly misidentified symptoms were having trouble falling asleep (30%), feeling like you are going to faint (35%), having problems finishing tasks (35%), and having a hard time learning new things (35%). Participants displayed inadequate knowledge towards key concussion concepts, such as up to date concussion management, return to learn, and return to play protocols. The majority of participants (80%) held the outdated belief that they must remain in a dark room until all concussion symptoms were resolved. Few participants (25%) perceived it to be very important to avoid participating in sports while experiencing symptoms of a concussion. Furthermore, 40%
believed that if you hit your head, it was okay to return to play in the same game. Lastly, only 10% of participants thought it was very important to report concussion signs and symptoms to a coach.
Conclusions: The present study highlights specific concussion concepts that should be addressed when developing effective educational and training material designed for the pediatric population. Additionally, our results indicate that factors such as concussion history, age, and gender, may influence concussion knowledge and reporting behaviors. These factors should be further explored to advance prevention efforts targeting concussions in youth athletes. Future initiatives should aim to increase awareness towards the less common symptoms of concussions, up to date concussion management protocols, and specifically highlight the importance of immediate removal from play with suspected concussions, and returning to play in a stepwise, progressive manner.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Eudaimonist virtue ethics and the charge of self-absorption

contributor:
Sweeney, Patrick (author)
(Wilks, Ian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
The aim of this work is to contribute to the ongoing debate between eudaimonist virtue ethicists (or EVE) and their detractors who claim that it is too egoistic or self-absorbed to seek one’s own eudaimonia (i.e., happiness or flourishing) as the ultimate ethical goal of life and to develop the virtues on that account. This debate has its roots with the re-emergence of virtue ethics in the late 1950’s after Elisabeth Anscombe published her famous paper Modern Moral Philosophy. But this paper will mainly focus on the more recent attempts by eudaimonist virtue ethicists like Julia Annas, Anne Baril, Mark LeBar and Daniel C. Russell to defend eudaimonist accounts from self-absorption objections, and the counter-responses to their arguments, most notably those laid out by Jeff D’Souza in his article The Self-Absorption Objection and Neo-
Aristotelian Virtue-Ethics. These critics appeal to the idea that so long as one’s underlying or primary motivation is to seek one’s own end, no matter how selfless or other-regarding one’s actions actually are, the motivational account is deemed to be too self-absorbed. I begin by laying out the general history of the debate and its parameters before addressing the most prominent arguments and positions currently held by supporters of EVE as well as the objections to those arguments. Finally, I try to show that while the most recent criticisms of eudaimonist accounts are perceptive and more penetrating than any criticisms to come before, they are, nevertheless, mistaken, and that the arguments put forward by defenders of EVE can be salvaged. This can be done by closely examining the initial stages of human motivation and moral activity and discovering that humans have little choice but for their primary motives to be self-directed, but that this is not necessarily egoistic or self-absorbed in the problematic sense that critics would hold it to be. Finally, I argue that the pursuit of eudaimonia is a realistic end which is best suited for shaping virtuous character and therefore genuine altruistic behaviour toward others.

abstract: Philosophy


title: Antifungal activity of individual and combined thyme and cinnamon essential oils and their main components, cinnamaldehyde and thymol, against botrythis cinerea pers

contributor:
Mader, Rebecca (author)
(Walker, Allison) (Thesis advisor)
(Faraone, Nicoletta) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
Essential oils (EOs) are concentrated, volatile plant extracts which have widespread pharmacological, agricultural, and cosmetic applications. Thyme EO (TEO) and cinnamon EO (CEO) contain antifungal natural products which confer deterrent properties against plant pathogenic fungi, such as Botrytis cinerea Pers., the causative agent of grey mold of many plants. To determine the effects of these extracts on B. cinerea growth, TEO, CEO, and their main components – thymol (TL) and cinnamaldehyde (CA), respectively – were tested for fungistatic and fungicidal activity using an agar dilution method. Cores of B. cinerea mycelium
were grown on potato dextrose agar infused with different concentrations of EOs. After 7 days, growth area was measured. Combined treatments (CEO+TEO, CA+TL) were also tested in this way to identify interactive effects between EOs or their components. Additionally, combinations of CA/ TL and the commercial antifungal natamycin were tested for interactive antifungal activity using a broth dilution method, where treatments were mixed with potato dextrose broth and B. cinerea spore suspension in a 96-well microplate and visually assessed for turbidity after 7 days. All individual treatments produced fungistatic effects and completely inhibited B. cinerea growth at 500 μg/mL. Cinnamon treatments (CEO, CA) were often fungicidal, possibly due to the destruction of the fungal cell wall by CA. Components tended to produce similar results to whole EOs, indicating that the antifungal properties of CEO and TEO can be primarily attributed to their main components. Contrary to previous reports, no interactive antifungal effects were found in any treatment combinations in the agar and broth dilution trials. This may be explained by variations in the chemical composition of the EOs used. These findings support previous documented antifungal activity in CEO, TEO, and their main components against B. cinerea, but does not confirm any antifungal interactions between these treatments or natamycin.

abstract: Biology


title: Impact, feasibility, and assessment of virtual physical activity programming for individuals with disabilities

contributor:
Matthews, Dominique (author)
(Bremer, Emily) (Thesis advisor)
(Seaman, Roxanne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
Despite its known benefits, physical activity levels have consistently been lower than recommended among Canadian youth and adults, with levels even lower for those individuals with disabilities. These levels further plummeted through the COVID-19 pandemic due to in-person program restrictions. To combat the lack of program opportunities, the Acadia S.M.I.L.E. program reinvented the typical session into a virtual format. The purpose of this study was to observe and assess the effectiveness, impact, and feasibility of virtual physical activity programming for individuals with disabilities. The program was implemented for eight weeks
between September and December of 2020. Three weeks throughout the term, a live virtual programming session occurred in addition to the weekly At-Home Activity Guides that were sent. A mixed-methodological case study approach was used to observe the effects of the program on functioning, physical literacy, physical activity of the participant, and support, regulation, and physical activity behaviours of the caregiver. Paired samples t-test analysis (p ≤ 0.05) of pre and post programming surveys showed no significant difference in physical literacy, physical activity, or caregiver support behaviours and weekly surveys showed low participation (μ=42.3%) with the At-Home Activity guides. Thematic analysis of caregiver and leader interviews presented five prominent themes: (a) program impact on physical activity, (b) virtual impact on programming, (c) program impact on social, cognitive, and motor goals, (d) impact of program design, and (e) program feasibility for families. Analysis of quantitative and qualitative data presented flaws within program creation yet showed the program to be beneficial for the physical literacy and physical activity of the participants. Future application of this program is to increase accessibility of the S.M.I.L.E. program and additional research should be conducted to further understand the effects of virtual physical literacy and physical activity programming.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: An experimental and computational investigation of the acetone keto-enol tautomerism with acid catalysts

contributor:
Lynch, Olivia (author)
(Tong, Anthony) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
Organic compounds with an a-hydrogen can form enols that are structural isomers or tautomers of  the  carbonyls.  Enols  are  nucleophilic  and  reactive.  Reactions  with  enols  are  important  in organic synthesis as carbon-carbon bonds can form larger molecules from smaller ones. This work  considered  the  keto-enol  tautomerism  of  acetone  to  prop-1-en-2-ol.  The  adol  addition intermediate was diacetone alcohol and the products of condensation were mesityl oxide and water. The gas-phase keto-enol tautomerism was studied using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and theoretically with the Gaussian-16 program suite.
Theoretical results indicate the enthalpy change of acetone tautomerization is 49.9 kJ mol-1 and the Gibbs energy change is 43.9 kJ mol-1. For the overall reaction from the tautomerization step to condensation, the enthalpy change is 39.8 kJ mol-1 and the overall change of Gibbs energy is 27.3 kJ mol-1. Acid catalysts reduce the energy barrier associated with keto-enol tautomerism. The activation energies of transition states with catalysts (acetic acid, water and sulfuric acid) were compared to the energy of the transition state without a catalyst. The transition state for the sulfuric acid catalyst gives the lowest activation energy barrier, 230.0 kJ mol-1 , which is 40.0 kJ mol-1 lower than the transition state for the uncatalyzed tautomerization. The computational work supports the continued use of sulfuric acid as a catalyst.
In  the  lab,  numerous  experiments  were  conducted  with  gas  chromatography-mass spectrometry at different temperatures and catalysts.  Slight reductions in acetone peak area over a 3-h period were observed at 120°C with a sulfuric acid catalyst, supporting continued work with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with automated injections. Experiments with other catalysts  did  not  show  noticeable  changes  in  acetone  concentration  over  time.  Quantitation methods will be developed to determine chemical kinetics in the future.

abstract: Chemistry


title: “What men want is so boring...”:: introspective sex and queer quests in HBO’s Euphoria

contributor:
Jankee, Roudraksh (author)
(Pinder, Kait) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
This thesis examines the characters of Cal and Nate Jacobs and Jules Vaughn in HBO’s Euphoria to expound on the ways in which the show presents queerness as natural and heterosexuality as enforced. Judith Butler’s term “heterosexual matrix” (2376), José Esteban Muñoz’s argument that “queerness is always in the horizon” (11), and my subversion of W.H Auden’s idea of quest narratives into a conception of queer quests are central to my analysis of the characters’ journeys.
Chapter One investigates the ways in which Cal brings heteronormative ideas of queerness into his queer sexual relationships. I employ Sigmund Freud’s theory on fetishism to analyse Cal’s fetishistic relationship with queerness. This chapter outlines the ways in which Cal taints his queer interactions with heteronormativity. Consequently, his queer quest becomes convoluted. Chapter Two is interested in Nate’s repression of his queer desires and how his repression catalyses internalised homophobia in him. I employ Freud’s theory of the uncanny to analyse the uncanny presence of Nate’s internalised homophobia in his life. I contend that Nate’s internalised homophobia and compulsive need to be heterosexual obstructs his queer quest. Chapter Three examines Jules’ movement from heterosexual femininity to queer femininity – femme-inity. I delve into her radical rejection of heteronormative ways to be a feminine girl as she embarks on a queer quest. Jules’ queer quest is defined by her exit from the heterosexual matrix as she finds herself in pursuit of a queerness that is in the horizon. My thesis emphasises Euphoria’s complex, intersectional and nuanced representation of queerness. Euphoria successfully demonstrates that heterosexuality is enforced, performative, and frail whereas queerness can be natural and liberating.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: Coverage in crisis: an analysis of media framing during the October Crisis

contributor:
Anness, Rory (author)
(Crandall, Erin) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Using a methodology derived from contemporary techniques of framing analysis, this thesis investigates the following research questions: first, did French and English newspapers use different methods of framing in their coverage of the October Crisis?; second, can differences in framing strategies be better understood through the lens of geographic location?; and third, how do varying ownership types factor into the differences in methods of framing that were used? The hypothesis that French and English newspapers will differ in their coverage of the Crisis underpins these questions. The results of this project are consequently threefold in nature: first, it finds that there are significant differences in coverage between French and English newspapers; second, it finds that geographic location is a significant explanatory factor that should be considered alongside language; and third, this project concludes that, while ownership is a factor of interest and potential significance, the limitations on this thesis prevent it from being rigorously assessed.

abstract: Politics


title: Conservation of the American common eider (Somateria mollissima dresseri): expert opinion and a case study using nest shelters

contributor:
Noel, Kristen (author)
(Craik, Shawn) (Thesis advisor)
(Mallory, Mark) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
American common eider (Somateria mollissima dresseri) populations in eastern North America have declined in recent years, and it is believed that this decline is linked to various environmental stressors across the subspecies’ range. To evaluate where to focus future research to help conserve American common eiders, I used a two-step approach. First, a workshop was held to share current knowledge on the status of, and threats to, eiders in the many administrative jurisdictions of the subspecies’ range. Second, I administered a questionnaire to various experts (e.g., government and university biologists, resource managers) across the American common eider range to assess what stages of the annual cycle should be prioritized for future research. Experts recommended that research and conservation tools be implemented particularly for the
migration and wintering stages of the eider annual cycle, with breeding stages remaining issues as well. In Nova Scotia, experts agreed that avian predation (e.g., large gulls and raptors) on eider nests has increased in recent years. One conservation tool that may help alleviate predation is the deployment of nest shelters. Accordingly, I assessed nest shelters as a conservation tool for nesting females by examining occupancy rates and microclimate in two shelter types (wooden A-frames and plastic barrels) in eastern Nova Scotia. The proportion of shelters used by nesting American common eiders was similar between the two shelter types, although shelter occupancy rates varied considerably among islands. I found that wooden A-frame shelters more closely mimicked temperature and humidity in natural eider nesting habitat than plastic barrel shelters which created hot and dry conditions that may be cause for concern for the health of nesting hens (e.g., possibility of dehydration based on conversations with veterinarians). The wooden A-frame shelters examined in this thesis provide a suitable microclimate for eider nesting, suggesting that these shelters hold promise as a tool for eider conservation. A next step is to assess whether A-frame shelters can serve to reduce rates of nest predation relative to that in natural nesting habitat, particularly because avian predation remains a key issue to eider population dynamics. Eiders have a cultural significance to many Indigenous peoples, conservation organizations, and local hunters, and are a key bioindicator of the health of marine ecosystems. Bringing experts together was timely for identifying that more work must be done during the non-breeding season.

abstract: Biology


title: Extent and timing of deformation and metamorphism associated with the Eastern Highlands Shear Zone, Central Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Sunatori, Évelyne (author)
(Barr, Sandra) (Thesis advisor)
(van Rooyen, Deanne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
The Aspy and Bras d’Or terranes of northern Cape Breton Island are both part of Ganderia but contrast in rock types, ages, and magmatic, metamorphic, and tectonic history. The two terranes were juxtaposed along the Eastern Highlands shear zone (EHSZ). The purpose of this study is to determine the extent and timing of deformation and metamorphism in the rocks within and adjacent to the EHSZ in the central Cape Breton Highlands where its location and history are poorly constrained. The main units in the study area are the Ordovician to Silurian Calumruadh Brook Formation (CBF) and Middle River metamorphic suite (MRMS) in the Aspy terrane, and the Neoproterozoic McMillan Flowage Formation (MFF) and Kathy Road dioritic suite (KRDS) in the Bras d’Or terrane. Evidence was observed in the study area for three deformational events, two of which are interpreted to have been related to the EHSZ. D1 of the EHSZ is sinistral transpressional, and D2 is dextral transpressional with an oblique component. Contrasting pressure and temperature conditions of the MRMS (543-617 ̊C at 3.4-4.9 kbar) and the CBF (517-569 ̊C at 3.1-3.4 kbar) indicate that the boundary between the two units is a faulted contact within the Coinneach Brook shear zone which merges with the EHSZ in the south of the study area. A new age indicates that metamorphism occurred at ca. 395 Ma in the MRMS. The metamorphic minerals in the rocks affected by the movement on the EHSZ are limited to
chlorite, overprinting pre-existing amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the western margin of the MFF and upper greenschist facies metamorphism in the CBF. Data from this study indicate that the EHSZ affected rocks up to 3 km away on either side of the Aspy-Bras d'Or terrane boundary and comprises a ca. 1 km wide mylonite zone. Activity on the shear zone in this area occurred between ca. 424-374 Ma.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Reconceptualizing the notwithstanding clause: using Section 33 as a tool form moderation and deliberation

contributor:
Flynn, Breandan (author)
(Crandall, Erin) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
Since its entrenchment in the Canadian Constitution in 1982, The Charter of Rights and Freedoms has garnered both scrutiny and praise from supporters and detractors alike. The section of the Charter which has been, and continues to be, the most misunderstood and most highly criticized is section 33, known colloquially as the “the notwithstanding clause”.  S.33 is viewed by its critics as being both undemocratic and rights effacing. It is misunderstood by many of its critics as being a legislative override of judicial review, even though the word override does not appear, nor has it ever appeared, in the language of the notwithstanding clause. Rather than being considered an override, S.33, should be considered as a check and balance on judicial power, and what s.33 offers is something much more interesting and worthwhile than a simple override of judicial review.
This thesis argues that s.33, rather than simply providing a legislative body with the ability to override judicial decisions with which they do not agree, provides the judicial and legislative branches of government with an avenue to further a constructive dialogue. Rather than being a check and balance which cuts the power of the judiciary off at the knees, this check and balance infuses the relationship between the judicial and legislative branches with an air of moderation. S.33 can formalize the view that the branches of government do not work independently from one another, but rather that they work interdependently with one another. In this way s.33 acts as a mechanism that can bridge the gap between Canada’s history as a federation which adheres to the principle of parliamentary supremacy and Canada’s current position as a federation which
adheres to the principle of constitutional supremacy.

abstract: Politics


title: Growing together: enhancing stewardship of American eel/katew in Atlantic Canada/Mi’kma’ki using diverse ways of knowing

contributor:
Deveau, Gabrielle (author)
(Stokesbury, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Widespread decline in American eel/katew (Anguilla rostrata) abundance has occurred in recent  decades  due  to  habitat  fragmentation,  changing  marine  conditions,  and  over-harvesting. American eel is a culturally and economically significant species, whose health and future in the Bay  of  Fundy/Pekwitapa’qek  is  of  concern  for  everyone  living  in  Atlantic  Canada/Mi’kma’ki. There  are  few  studies  describing  how  American  eel  use  Minas  Basin,  a  highly  productive, macrotidal  area  of  the  inner  Bay  of  Fundy.  My  research,  guided  by  Two-Eyed  Seeing  and  in collaboration with diverse knowledge holders, explores the distribution and coastal movements of American  eel  in  Minas  Basin  using  acoustic  telemetry.  Results  reveal  the  diverse  habitats, residencies, and movement patterns of American eel in Minas Basin, with evidence of selective tidal stream transport. Network analysis indicates importance of river mouths for movement and suggests breaks in connectivity at these areas may have disproportionate impacts on local eel. This information provides knowledge for predicting impacts on local components of the eel population and  provides  an  example  of  partners  from  diverse  knowledge  systems  working  towards  co-stewardship.

abstract: Biology


title: Predicting major donor prospects using machine learning

contributor:
Sathyamurthi, Aishwarya (author)
(Lee, Greg) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: An important concern for many not-for-profits is their major gift fundraising.Major gifts are large gifts (typically $10,000+) and donors who give these gifts are called major donors. Depending upon the charity type, major gifts can constitute as much as 80% of donation dollars received by a charity. Thus, being able to predict who will give a major gift is crucial for charities. In the for-profit sector, using machine learning to target customers has been a long-standing strategy. Charities (i.e., not-for-profits) have been slower to implement machine learning to aid with donor identification and retention. To implement this, we used random forest classifier which predicted with high accuracy (94.47%) and 31 prospects. We tried different experiments using deep learning techniques, Adaboost, decision trees, extra trees classifiers, LASSO, ElasticNet, XGBoost  and Light Gradient Boosting regression in order to develop models that can accurately predict future major donors who will donate $10,000 or more. We also experimented with using only donation and behavioural data, which saw increase in false positive values than false negatives for most of the charities. Furthermore, we forecast how much money major donor constituents will contribute to the charity, in which Light GBM regression model was performing well with lowest RMSE values and standard deviations.

abstract: Computer Science


title: On having low self-esteem and being torn about wanting a more positive self-view: a goal regulation perspective on the puzzle of low self-esteem

contributor:
Fisher, Alexandra (author)
(Hayes, Joseph) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
Despite the mental and physical health benefits associated with having high self-esteem, individuals with low self-esteem show resistance to increasing their self-view. A possible explanation for this resistance to pursue high self-esteem may involve goal regulation, in which activating approach towards a goal of self-esteem lowers depression associated with low self-esteem, but elicits anxiety. However, withdrawing from the goal of self-esteem would alleviate the anxiety, but elicit depression. In two studies (N = 1,139), I test this hypothesis of motivational conflict within individuals with low self-esteem, in which increased desire for self-
esteem relates to elevated anxiety and reduced depression, and vice versa for those with lower desire to pursue self-esteem. Though motivational conflict was observed, the pattern of results through the anticipated process (i.e., by virtue of increasing desire for self-esteem) was contrary to the hypothesis. Additionally, individuals with low self-esteem were shown to resist engaging in the manipulation intended to activate goal approach. Thus, though motivational conflict was observed in the current research, further exploration is required to determine the underlying mechanism of low self-esteem maintenance.

abstract: Psychology


title: Does cannabis reduce anxiety by activating approach motivation?: an exploration of potential anxiolytic effects of cannabis that are independent of the drug itself

contributor:
Gouthro, Amanda (author)
(Hayes, Joseph) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
Cannabis users report reduced anxiety from cannabis use. Two studies sought to test if merely thinking about cannabis would reduce anxiety by activating approach motivation. Participants were 480 (Study 1) and 551 (Study 2) people living in Canada or the United States who completed the study materials online. Both studies examined the effect of cannabis reward cuing versus wealth reward and non-reward (neutral) cuing on anxiety. Both studies examined moderating effects of punishment sensitivity (BIS) and cannabis worldview investment (CWI), and the mediating role of reward-approach motivation. Study 1 showed that cannabis (vs.
neutral) cuing reduced self-reported anxiety, but only among participants high in punishment sensitivity. Contrary to hypotheses, reward-approach mechanisms were not responsible for this effect. Rather, heightened approach motivation was found to increase anxiety rather than reduce it. Study 2 aimed to manipulate anxiety but found no effect. However, the pattern observed in Study 1 was fully replicated. Implications for understanding the role of approach motivation in anxiety-related processes related to cannabis use are discussed.

abstract: Psychology


title: Bird communities as indicators of the conservation value of old forests in Nova Scotia

contributor:
Gautreau, Céline (author)
(Taylor, Phil) (Thesis advisor)
(Brazner, John C.) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: I  aimed  to  shed  light  on  the  conservation  value  of  Nova  Scotian  forests  by  studying  bird communities and species of conservation concern within these ecosystems. The first chapter of the thesis  compares  the  conservation  value  of  three  different  old  forest  habitat  types  (floodplain swamps, treed swamps, and upland). The second chapter focuses on three different upland forest maturity classes (Maturity 1: 40-80 years old; Maturity 2: 80-125 years old; and Old: > 125 years old).  My  objective  was  to  determine  whether  conservation  value  differed  among  these  forest classifications  based  on  their  bird  communities.  Chapter  1  suggested  that  old  forested  wetlands had a higher conservation value than did old upland forests. In Chapter 2, I found no differences between the conservation value of upland forests of different maturity classes. Overall, this study suggests that bird communities are influenced by the habitat structure rather than the maturity of the breeding sites.

abstract: Biology


title: Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Colored People: an historical evaluation of the NSAACP and the role it has played in the area of employment

contributor:
Oliver, Jules (author)
(Hall, Barbara) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1969

abstract:
This  thesis  is  an  historical  evaluation  of  the  Nova Scotia Association  for  the  Advancement of  Colored People. As background,  the  thesis  includes  an historical review  of  the  social  conditions  of  the Refugee  Blacks  from  1812  - 1945,  with  emphasis  on the  general  economic  status  of  the  Black  race  by  1945. The  study  contains  an  in-depth  assessment  of  the organizational  structure  of  the  NSAACP and  the  role the  Association has  played  in the  area  of  employment.
A  sample  of  twenty  individuals  were  interviewed, chosen  because  it was  felt  they  could  provide  a general  evaluation  of  the  Association. The sample comprised  people  of  both  races,  varying  in  ages  from 26 to  69 years,  thirteen  of  whom are  members of  the Association. The results  are  included  in  Chapter  IV dealing  with  the  evaluation  of  the  organization.
It was found  that  during  the  first  14  or  15  years  the Association  played  an  important  role  in the  Black communities. Its  programs  were  geared  to  meeting  the basic  needs  of  Black  people, and  they  succeeded  in getting  the  people  involved  in trying  to  ameliorate their  social  conditions. It appears  that  the Association  has  become  less  community  oriented,  and the  general  feeling  of  the  respondents  was, the Association is not  actively  involved  in trying  to improve  the  socio-economic  status  of  Black  people.
Degree

abstract: Maritime School of Social Work


title: Evaluation of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the determination of ethanol in alcoholic beverages

contributor:
McEwen, Sarah (author)
(Murimboh, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy was evaluated for the determination of ethanol content in alcoholic beverages, with an emphasis on cream-based beverages. Analysis of cream-based beverages is time-consuming and inefficient using conventional methods, therefore qNMR was investigated for its potential as a rapid, cost-effective alternative. Three calibration strategies were compared for interpreting the quantitative results: external calibration, the internal standard method, and an internal reference method. A wide variety of commercially available beverages were tested. The results obtained by qNMR were compared with those obtained by standard methods (distillation and oxidation with dichromate for cream-based liqueurs and density for other samples) The internal reference method yielded a recovery range of 87.0 – 119%. The relative standard deviation 4.6% for ethanol concentration in the cream-based liqueurs was 4.6%. Therefore, it was concluded that the internal reference method was the most accurate and precise and shows promise of being utilized in beverage laboratories for the determination of ethanol.

abstract: Chemistry


title: The effects of gender identity bias on perceptions of gendered leadership styles

contributor:
Oulton, Alexandria (author)
(Mercer, Danielle) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: The current study examines the effect of gender identity (i.e., cis gender and transgender males/females) on the perceptions of gendered leadership styles (i.e., masculine versus feminine) as well as the likelihood of advancement, performance, reward recommendations, and leadership potential. Participants included 179 students who were randomly assigned to one of eight vignettes portraying a hypothetical upper-level manager’s yearly performance review. Each condition differed in gender identity (cisgender/transgender), sex (male/female) and leadership style (masculine/feminine). The hypotheses state, females (cisgender and transgender) will be seen as more feminine (communal) in their leadership style whereas men (cisgender and transgender) will be seen as more masculine (agentic) in their leadership style. It was also hypothesized that cisgender and transgender females receive backlash when displaying feminine leadership styles whereas men will be viewed as favorable when displaying masculine or feminine leadership styles. Multiple One-way ANOVAs were conducted in addition to Pearson’s correlations. The results were mixed with hypotheses one and two supported, and hypothesis three and four not supported.

abstract: Psychology


title: Using amplicon and primer tiling to define the target regions of commercial nucleic acid amplification tests for SARS-COV-2 detection

contributor:
Smith, Carolyn (author)
(Leblanc, Jason) (Thesis advisor)
(Davidson, Ross) (Thesis advisor)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, that has caused economic collapse and millions of deaths world-wide. During the pandemic, molecular surveillance became imperative as it not only provided key information such as, pathogenicity, transmission, circulation and evolution of the virus, but was also used to ensure quality assurance diagnostics. As nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) were the primary method for SARS-CoV-2 detection, sequence mismatches between circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains and NAAT target sites can lead to reduced sensitivity and diagnostic failure. Thankfully, using bioinformatics, primer/probe sequences used in NAATs can be compared to published SARS-CoV-2 genomic data to identify any discrepancies. Unfortunately,  due  to  the  proprietary  nature  of  commercial  tests,  this  can  only  be  done  for laboratory  developed  tests  (LDTs).  In  order  to  define  areas  to  monitor  in  subsequent  mutations analyses, this study aimed to define the precise genomic locations of target genes (i.e., E and N2) used in a commonly used commercial NAAT, the Xpert Xpress’ SARS-CoV-2. First, amplicons produced  from  reverse  transcription  polymerase  chain  reactions  (RT-PCR)  using  overlapping primer  pairs  (i.e.,  amplicon  tiling)  spanning  E  and  N2  genes  were  subjected  to  Xpert  assay,  to estimate  the  target  regions.  To  further  refine  the  minimal  area  required  for  Xpert  positivity, additional  various  combinations  of  overlapping  forward  and  reverse  primers  (i.e.,  primer  tiling) were  used  within  the  area  identified  by  amplicon  tiling.  Primer  yielding  positive  results  were aligned to a reference genome to identify primer locations. Altogether, the target regions for the Xpert E and N2 genes were estimated between 26269 to 26381 and 29164 to 29230, respectively. These regions were confirmed with next-generation sequencing using amplicons retrieved from an Xpert reaction tested ion a positive clinical specimen. Based on our results, amplicon and primer
tiling  proves  to  be  a  sequencing-independent  technique  to  estimate  the  genomic  location  of undisclosed commercial assay targets. Paired with a method of mutation assessment, this would provide  a  framework  for  the  maintenance  of  quality  assurance  in  clinical  diagnostic  testing  and
could be applied to SARS-CoV-2 assays, as well as any molecular method.

abstract: Biology


title: Characterization of Long's Braya (Braya longii) and Brassicacae volatiles and oviposition preference of the Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)

contributor:
Lawrence, Andrew (author)
(Hillier, Kirk) (Thesis advisor)
(Koerte, Sarah) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
Long’s Braya (Braya longii) is a member of the Brassicaceae family and an endangered plant species found only in the Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland. Every year, B. longii is subject to infestations of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), wherein their larvae consume and eventually kill B. longii. Around the world, P. xylostella is a notorious agricultural pest that is difficult to manage due to its resistance to both chemical and biological insecticides. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of B. longii and other members of the Brassicaceae were collected and their composition were analysed. Volatile compositions from previous studies of Brassica spp. were also compared with B. longii to identify key compounds that may cause behavioural attraction in P. xylostella. Afterwards, P. xylostella were subject to these host plant volatiles as well as individual key compounds using Gas Chromatography
coupled with Electroantennographic Detection (GC-EAD), Electroantennography (EAG) and oviposition assays to study antennal responses and egg-laying behaviour. A putative attractive compound eliciting an antennal response in P. xylostella identified from broccoli and rutabaga GC-EAD trials was 1-undecanol, however positive identification remains to be conducted through comparison with analytical standards on Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Compounds chosen for EAG screenings were hexanal, octanal, nonanal, ethyl palmitate, 1-octanol and (Z)-3-hexenol, and were diluted to 10 ng/μL-10 μg/μL concentrations. We found that (Z)-3-hexenol, octanal and 1-octanol at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/μL elicited antennal responses in P. xylostella during EAG recordings. Afterwards, octanal, nonanal and (Z)-3-hexenol were selected for behavioural assays. We noted that P. xylostella was more attracted to
(Z)-3-hexenol treated radish at 10 μg at oviposition sites. However, there was no preference to either control or treatment when lures were raised to 100 μg loads. EAG screening found differences in antennal responses to key alkanals. While octanal and nonanal elicited antennal responses, they did not provide any significant behavioural preference for either control or treatment. The data collected from this study provides electrophysiological and behavioural responses of P. xylostella to VOCs emitted from Braya longii and Brassica host plants. Future studies should replicate GC-EAD trials and provide a definite identification of potential key compounds so a host-finding mechanism can be found. This knowledge could then be used to develop novel tools for the pest management of P. xylostella.

abstract: Biology


title: Petrology, tectonic setting, and critical element potential of the Park Spur pluton, Aspy terrane, Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Smith, Amanda (author)
(Barr, Sandra) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: The late Devonian Park Spur pluton (PSP) is located in the central Cape Breton Highlands, near the eastern margin of the Aspy terrane and its tectonic contact with the adjacent Bras d'Or terrane.  This study was undertaken to determine the field relations and petrological characteristics of the PSP, including its potential for critical element mineralization, and to compare it to nearby plutons of similar age, the Black Brook Granitic Suite (BBGS) to the northeast and the Bothan Brook-West Branch North River pluton (BB-WBNRP) to the south.  As a result of field mapping and petrological studies of about 40 samples, the shape of the PSP has been modified compared to published maps, and it has been divided into three units: medium-grained muscovite-biotite monzogranite which forms most of the pluton, finer-grained garnet-bearing muscovite monzogranite which occurs primarily in the northwestern tip, and protomylonitic monzogranite along the southern margin. Pegmatite and aplite dykes occur throughout the PSP, and pegmatite-aplite and monzogranite dykes occur in the adjacent Ordovician–Silurian Calumruadh Brook Formation. Most samples from the PSP contain 71–74% SiO2 but the fine-grained muscovite monzogranite is more evolved, with 74–75% SiO2. Chemical variations in the PSP can be explained by fractional crystallization involving K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, and accessory minerals.  The PSP and BBGS are similar in texture, mineralogy, and chemistry and are likely comagmatic mesozonal plutons.  The BB-WBNRP lacks muscovite and appears to represent a related but more evolved magma emplaced at a shallower depth.  The plutons have chemical characteristics consistent with emplacement during subducted slab failure during the waning stages of the Acadian orogeny. They appear to lack direct evidence of critical element mineralization but display characteristics of fertile granites which have potential to have produced such mineralization.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: Sport specialization in disability sport: a retrospective narrative approach

contributor:
Brogan, Anna (author)
(Vierimaa, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Sport specialization is becoming more widespread among youth despite growing evidence surrounding the associated physiological and psychosocial health risks including injury, burnout, and excessive psychological stress. To date, the peer-reviewed literature regarding sport specialization is based entirely on able-bodied participants in able-bodied sport. Examining sport specialization in parasport will contribute to the sport specialization literature with a goal to improve the sporting experiences for those with a physical disability. This project used a retrospective narrative approach to better understand the developmental experiences of athletes with a physical disability as they specialized in parasport.  Ten participants completed a short demographic survey and took part in semi-structured interviews to better understand their developmental experiences and to understand what sport specialization looks and feels like in parasport. Interview data were transcribed verbatim by the primary researcher and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings from this study reinforce the current literature regarding the developmental experiences and barriers faced by para-athletes, while offering valuable insight on the sport specialization process and trajectory of parasport athletes. The sections of pre-parasport experiences, navigating disability through parasport participation, barriers, entrance into parasport, structural factors of parasport teams, sport specialization, and high-performance parasport athletes were considered important for understanding the developmental experiences of athletes with a physical disability as they specialize in parasport. The results suggest that the specialization process of parasport athletes is often fast-tracked and forced due to limited programming, and for some athletes there is a body composition barrier to multi-sport engagement. Moreover, the age of parasport specialization is very broad and it is impossible to set a specific age range for parasport specialization years.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Investigating the use of face video data to measure mental health

contributor:
Kinsman, Averee (author)
(Leslie, Kenneth) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Due to the increase in mental distress and suicidality caused by COVID-19, as well as the growing humanitarian crises around the world, the need for mental health screening and treatment is increasing. A proactive mental health screening tool that uses face video data could help identify when individuals need help. The current exploratory study investigates the ability to associate facial behavior, specifically Eye-Blink Rate (EBR) and facial affect, with measures of depression (CESD-R), attachment style (ECR-RS), mood (POMS), and empathy (EQ). To collect facial behavior data remotely, the iMotions Home Access System was used. Facial behavior was measured using the AFFDEX automated facial affect coding algorithm and passed through an R script to determine metrics of interest. The study used a within-subject design (N = 49). Each participant completed a positive condition, which was primed with a positive YouTube Video, and negative condition, which was primed with a news clip about COVID-19.  For each condition, participants completed tasks including a Passive viewing task, Narrative task, and three Motor tasks (COMMAND, IMITATE, and OPPOSITE). Key findings found individuals exhibit more positive facial expression during positive conditions (p < .001) and exhibit more facial expressions during Narrative tasks versus Passive viewing (p < .001). Findings also found differences in response time when imitating expressions compared to making OPPOSITE expressions (p < .001). Additionally, findings found EBR to be significantly affected by task (p < .001).

abstract: Psychology


title: Associations between fatalistic withdrawal from life and physical health

contributor:
Hatcher, Allison (author)
(Hayes, Joseph) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
According to Terror Management Theory (TMT), our awareness of our own eventual death and our helplessness to prevent it produces a large amount of existential anxiety in all of us. Because anxiety is unpleasant, we strive to find ways to ease this anxiety by either engaging with goals that provide life with meaning, or by withdrawing from all life-sustaining actions entirely. The current study aims to build on research by Hayes et al. (2016) to determine if fatalistic withdrawal and comorbid depression might precipitate changes in physical health that hasten death. This question is examined using a longitudinal, cross-lagged approach that follows 61 individuals over the course of four months. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and yielded a significant effect of past physical health on current desire for life, where an increase in physical illness predicted a decrease in desire to live. However, no significant
relationship could be established between past desire for life and future physical health or health behaviours. Implications for the treatment of physical illness are discussed and areas for future research are identified.

abstract: Psychology


title: COVID-19 and intimate partner violence: the implications of the pandemic on women's shelters in Atlantic Canada

contributor:
Young, Bree (author)
(Rudrum, Sarah) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: This thesis explores how women’s shelters serving survivors of intimate partner violence in Atlantic Canada were impacted by the COVID-19  pandemic. Intimate partner violence is a persistent and widespread issue in Atlantic Canada: every year, thousands of women seek refuge and support from women’s shelters when fleeing abusive relationships. With the onset of the COVID-19  pandemic in March 2020 came increased incidents of severe intimate partner violence with implications on the work of the women’s shelter sector. This thesis reviews published information from violence against women’s organizations in Canada during the pandemic to discuss how the regular service provision of women’s shelters was affected and thereby adapted. I found that the challenges women's shelters face during ‘normal’ times, including deficiencies in funding and shelter capacity, were exacerbated during the pandemic.  The experiences of staff at women’s shelters during the COVID-19  pandemic demonstrates that without adequate and stable government funding and without investment in infrastructure for the sector, the current shelter system will continue to be insufficient to meet the needs of Canadian women fleeing violence.

abstract: Sociology


title: Can average daily Fitbit sleep and activity data predict depression in undergraduate students?

contributor:
Shipp, Andrew (author)
(Leslie, Kenneth) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: This study attempted to use daily aggregate sleep and physical activity data measured by a Fitbit Charge 4 device to detect depression in university students. Undergraduate students have high levels of depression, and this study explores the use of wearables to monitor and predict student mental health. Participants were 10 students from Acadia University and their participation involved wearing a Fitbit device for seven days and seven nights and completing a standardized measure of depression (CESD-R). The first hypothesis of the study was that later waketimes and higher variability in sleep length would be correlated with higher depression scores. The second hypothesis was that lower activity metrics such as steps taken, and distance travelled will be predictive of higher depression scores. Both hypotheses were not supported, and no significant correlations were detected, most likely due to the small sample size. Note that 8 participants agreed to share their Intraday data, and that data was accessed using the Fitbit Web API. It is recommended that more data be collected.

abstract: Psychology


title: The psychological and psychosocial benefits of savouring moments with your furry loved one

contributor:
Cook, Alexis (author)
(Louzon, André) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: The current study aimed to investigate the impact of savouring on psychological well-being and loneliness in companion animal owners. Participants (N = 98) completed an online survey to assess tendency to savour, animal attachment, psychological well-being, and loneliness. It was hypothesized that the tendency to savour moments with one’s companion animal and animal attachment would be positively correlated with psychological well-being, negatively correlated with loneliness, and would also significantly predict levels of psychological well-being and loneliness. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess these relationships. Although no significant relationships were found between tendency to savour, animal attachment, psychological well-being, and loneliness, some initial findings hint at the importance of savouring moments with animals. This study is a first attempt in assessing the possible benefits of savouring time with companion animals.

abstract: Psychology


title: Total mercury and methylmercury in coyote (Canis latrans), beaver (Castor canadensis), otter (Lontra canadensis) and fisher (Pekania pennanti) liver tissue in Nova Scotia, Canada

contributor:
MacLean, Seth (author)
(Mark Mallory) (Thesis advisor)
(O’Driscoll, Nelson) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Mercury accumulation in tissues is a significant health risk for many organisms in ecosystems. Most studies have been focused on mercury accumulation in aquatic species leaving a gap in knowledge concerning mercury exposure in terrestrial mammals. Coyotes (Canis latrans) could be a useful biomonitor for terrestrial mammals in Nova Scotia, Canada since they are found across the province and have fairly small home ranges. I analyzed 116 coyote livers for total mercury (THg) concentration, nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes. Additionally, I analyzed a subset of 12 liver samples for methylmercury (MeHg) concentration. A large range of THg concentrations were quantified in coyote liver (8 - 12,043 ng/g), otter liver (434 – 13,144 ng/g), and fisher liver (51 – 23,489 ng/g), all in dry weight.  The wide range in coyote liver may be due too opportunistic feeding variations among individuals. In coyote liver, significant correlations between THg, age, and sex were found (p = 0.03), as well as between THg and δ15N (p < 0.001). The mean percentage of total mercury present as methyl mercury (%MeHg) in coyote livers was 43.8% which higher then reported in the literature. Although some age/sex correlations were found when comparing them as dependent variables (e.g., juvenile female coyotes vs. juvenile male coyotes), there were no significant correlations found when treating age and sex as independent variables. The lack of significance in some of the statistical tests may be due to the high variability in THg among individuals. Due to these variations, the data for mean THg in coyote livers are less useful to monitor regional mercury exposure patterns. Maximum THg in coyotes, however, may be useful as an indicator of specific hotspots, however further studies are required with increased sample numbers. Future work should determine the specific mechanisms responsible for the high variation in THg in coyote liver tissue.

abstract: Biology


title: Finding grace: feminine interrelationships in Alias Grace, Ana Historic, and in Another Place, Not Here

contributor:
Moscato, Rylie (author)
(Pinder, Kait) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
This thesis examines three works of what Hélène Cixous calls écriture féminine published by Canadian women in the last two decades of the twentieth century. Through the analysis of Margaret Atwood’s Alias Grace, Daphne Marlatt’s Ana Historic, and Dionne Brand’s In Another Place, Not Here, I argue that the feminine interrelationships in these novels work to resist various patriarchal and colonial power structures. This work draws on and extends Marie Carrière’s argument in Writing in the Feminine in French and English Canada that ethical interrelationships of reciprocity between the self and other underpin feminine writing.
In Chapter One, I argue that Atwood triangulates Grace Marks’ feminine interrelationships in Alias Grace through her relations with men. The intervention of men in Grace’s relationships restricts her agency and leads Grace to resist male dominated narratives about her life by engaging in a kind of feminine writing of her own: the creation of a quilt. Chapter Two turns to the creative feminine interrelationships in Ana Historic to argue that Annie Anderson’s reconfigured relationships and life enable her to reject language’s and history’s heteronormative expectations and continual repression. This chapter contends that Annie’s rejection of these expectations propels her into a feminine space outside of the male gaze and demonstrates how interrelationships not only aid women in controlling their own narratives but their sexualities as well. Finally, Chapter Three examines how the feminine interrelationships of reciprocity in In Another Place, Not Here force Brand’s characters to collide with seemingly insurmountable patriarchal and colonial power structures and barriers, such as racism and slavery, while enabling these characters to resist these structures, albeit in drastically dissimilar ways. Through the differing depictions of rejection in Atwood’s, Marlatt’s, and Brand’s novels, this thesis aims to demonstrate how race, sexuality, and class, can change the way feminine interrelationships are displayed in writings in the feminine.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: An evaluation of biological sampling schemes for the Gaspereau River alewife stock: implications for mean body weight and exploitation studies

contributor:
Richard, Spencer (author)
(Billard, Mark) (Thesis advisor)
(Redden, Anna) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Stock assessments which include estimates of abundance or biomass, fishing mortality rates and biological reference points are used to provide a scientific basis for fisheries management. A key consideration when designing a field program for a stock assessment is ensuring that sampling is representative of the population being studied. A biological sampling method that accurately represents the characteristics of a stock is necessary to make management decisions, as a method with sampling biases could influence the calculated exploitation rate and exploitation status. For Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), mean body weight is an important biological characteristic that directly impacts the calculation of the exploitation rate, which is then used in determining the exploitation status of the stock. Alewife migrations are heavily structured, and it is important that the run structure is accounted for in the data with the use of an appropriate sampling scheme. In this study, I evaluated alternate sampling and data collection schemes that reduce the number of sampling days and how these changes in scheme affect the estimates of the mean body weight of the Gaspereau River Alewife stock. Four scenarios and sampling schemes were evaluated to determine how accurate each of the schemes were in comparison to the current full run sampling scheme. Biological characteristic data, including weight, were collected during the spawning migration as part of the annual stock assessment on the Gaspereau River. When alternate sampling schemes were applied to these data, significant differences were found in both the mean weight and exploitation rate of Alewife with the application of sampling schemes that employed large breaks in sampling. Sampling schemes with brief breaks in sampling showed no significant difference. Although some schemes produced significant differences in mean weight and exploitation rate, the effect on exploitation status was not significant enough to indicate a need for change in management action.

abstract: Biology


title: Greenspace attachment and community resilience

contributor:
Lavallée, Sarah (author)
(Warner, Alan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
This case study in the Town of Wolfville, Nova Scotia aimed to determine (a) the uses, functions, and meanings of greenspace in Wolfville as conveyed through people’s descriptions and narratives, (b) the environmental and socio-cultural factors that contribute to greenspace attachment in a rural, Canadian context, and (c) how the uses, functions and meanings of local greenspace can foster community resilience.
Four participant groups from underrepresented populations (youth, university students, community members with physical or mental disabilities, and seniors) in Wolfville engaged in two focus groups and a cumulative final vision session. Each participant completed two tasks between focus groups: a photograph task and an audio-recording task for participant reflection and further research data.
Local greenspace was found to: fulfill critical health and well-being needs; provide a key social space for the community; and encourage visitors to reflect on humanity’s relationship to nature. The meaning of local greenspace to participants varied depending on age and ability, largely due to social norms that impacted whether residents felt welcome or able to access greenspace. This study identified four main themes that lead to the formation of greenspace attachments.
The findings suggest that the co-design of local greenspace could significantly increase social cohesion within the community and contribute to increased community resilience overall. This study provides five key recommendations for increasing community resilience in the Town of Wolfville.

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: In times of movement, the voices fall silent investigating the role of migration policy in Cuban regime stability under Fidel Castro

contributor:
Mason, William (author)
(Sachs, Jeffrey) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: In order to examine the greater issue of Cuban regime stability and resilience, my research focuses on the question of how shifts in Cuban migration policy during Fidel Castro’s time in office impacted the government’s overall stability. Throughout the duration of the Fidel Castro government, the Cuban state experienced several political and economic crises which threatened the overall stability of the regime. Despite this, the regime was able to remain relatively stable up to and beyond Castro’s retirement in 2006. I argue that immigration was a major reason for this stability. When faced with significant political and economic crises, the Castro government repeatedly allowed for its citizens to migrate off of the island, thereby dispelling dangerous anti-government sentiment, opening new economic opportunities for the regime, and creating the conditions needed to force United States co-operation on migration formalization. To demonstrate this dynamic, I utilize a Historical Process Tracing methodology to examine the four largest periods of migration in the nation’s history under Castro. Drawing on data from available secondary sources, I argue that these four cases were each proceeded by periods of significant political or economic crisis. Additionally, I show that as a direct result of migration, the potential destabilizing forces of these crises were mitigated or eliminated altogether.

abstract: Politics


title: Exploring the sensory characteristics of a yellow pea flour and chicken meat analogue burger

contributor:
Barker, Sophie (author)
(McSweeney, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Innovative food products are needed to increase consumption of pulses and to help reduce the consumption of animal proteins, especially as there is a growing number of consumers who are trying to reduce their meat consumption. A meat analogue (combines animal and plant proteins) is a food product that has gained recent popularity. Meat analogues also aim to imitate the functionality, nutrient composition, and sensory characteristics of a meat product. The objective of this study was to determine if a meat analogue, made from chicken and yellow pea flour, is acceptable to consumers, as well as to determine the sensory attributes consumers perceive in the meat analogues. Yellow pea flour was added to the chicken at 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. A sensory trial asked participants (n=69) to evaluate the burgers using nine-point hedonic scales and check-all-that-apply methodology. The addition of the yellow pea decreased the liking of the burgers, except for the 10% pea flour meat analogue. The attributes juicy, moist, meaty, salty, and soft increased consumers’ liking of the burgers; however, those made with 30% and 40% pea flour were associated with off-flavours (dry and beany) and decreased consumers’ liking. This study identified that the addition of yellow pea flour to chicken burgers is only acceptable to consumers in small quantities (10%). Future research should be done to investigate the sensory properties and consumer acceptability of other pulses utilized in meat analogues.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: Exploring the effects of pheromone pre-exposure on pheromone production in the female tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens

contributor:
Peskett, Tyler (author)
(Hillier, Kirk) (Thesis advisor)
(Koerte, Sarah) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract: Pheromone autodetection is the process in which female moths detect and respond to chemicals within their own sex pheromone blends. Detecting conspecific female sex pheromones could be advantageous in improving mating success through modifications of mating behaviour such as calling and spacing, or impact physiological changes such as pheromone production. The objective of this study was to determine if the expression of pheromone receptors and pheromone chemistry may be altered in the pheromone gland of female Heliothis virescens following pheromone pre-exposure. In an effort to examine the effects of pre-exposure, individual female H. virescens were subjected to their major pheromone component, (Z)11-16:Ald or the minor pheromone component (Z)9-14:Ald or to hexane as a control for the duration of 18-hours. Levels of both pheromone components (Z)9-14:Ald or (Z)11-16:Ald were decreased following pre-exposure to both compounds where the moths exposed to (Z)11-16:Ald had a significantly decreased amount of (Z)11-16:Ald compared to ones exposed to hexane. The percent decrease were 42 % of (Z)9-14:Ald and 52 % of (Z)11-16:Ald when exposed to (Z)9-14:Ald and 0.2 % of (Z)9-14:Ald and 55 % of (Z)11-16:Ald when exposed to (Z)11-16:Ald compared to hexane exposed individuals. The amount of sex pheromones produced were seen to go back to control levels with time passing after pre-exposure.

abstract: Biology


title: The photogeneration and cycloaddition reactions of tert-Butyl subtituted quinone methides

contributor:
Sabean, Emily (author)
(Lukeman, Matthew) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2022

abstract:
Two phenols, 6-tBu-2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (22) and 4,6-di-tBu-2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (23), were prepared using a sodium borohydride reduction, in yields of 93% and 75%, respectively. After attempts to purify 23 through recrystallization from hexanes with no success and a low yield (11%), this compound was not used further. Irradiation of 22 in methanol containing solutions gave the corresponding methyl ether 26 in high yields. Irradiation of 22 in solutions containing electron-rich dienophiles gave high yields of the expected [4+2] products, indicating that a quinone methide (QM) intermediate was formed.
Product studies were carried out in different solvent mixtures containing varying amounts of water, methanol, and acetonitrile and it appears that the reaction taking place was largely solvent independent. For the formation of the [4+2] products, the presence of water actually hampered the reaction.
Fluorescence studies showed that the addition of small amounts of water to an acetonitrile solution of compound 22 led to some quenching, however addition of more water did not lead to further quenching. This supports a reaction mechanism where photodehydration takes with no solvent assistance to give a quinone methide intermediate.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Colossians 3:16 and the deliberate growth of disciples

contributor:
Crabtree, Jeff (author)
(Wilson, Jonathan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract:
Colossians 3: 16 gives several guidelines for congregational smgmg. In  the context of a  congregational  worship  environment,  such permanent guidelines  are  crucial for  ordering worship in a manner that is  biblical.
According  to  Colossians  3: 16,  and  its  parallel passage  in  Ephesians  5: 18  and  19, Christian  congregations  are  to  sing. They  are  to  sing  a  variety  of songs  that teach  in a meaningful  and  clear  manner,  theologically  accurate  doctrine. Such  singing  is  to  be understandable so  as  to  be  mentally engaging and life-changing. Congregational  singing is  to  be  directed both to  God through Christ,  i.e.  it  is  to  be  mainly Christocentric,  and to "one  another." Such  worship  calls  for  each  congregant's  involvement,  not  his  or  her participation as  an observer. This is the subject of Chapter One.
Chapter  Two  summarizes  interviews  with  seven  worship  leaders.  These  seven worship leaders were interviewed to determine what contribution they believe congregational  singing  makes  to  the  doctrinal  diet  and  understanding  of their respective congregations. For  most,  Colossians  3: 16  plays  no  role  in  the  planning and  structure  of worship  and though all recognize the  importance of accurate doctrine in songs, most have no  plan in place for teaching the Church's doctrines through congregational singing.
In  the  final  chapter,  songs  both  old  and  new are  examined  for  doctrinal  content. This  comparison  determines  what  doctrines  are  taught  in  each  song  group  and  which song group,  if either, is doctrinally stronger.
The study concludes that Colossians 3: 16 offers inspired guidance for congregational worship. The Church needs to  listen.

abstract: Acadia Divinity College


title: The conflict of Luther and Erasmus over the freedom of the will

contributor:
Michel, Robert Hughes (author)
(Alden, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 1966

abstract:
No abstract
History & Classics