title: Linking community variables to parenting behaviours and youth risk behaviours

subject: Risk-taking (Psychology) in adolescence.

subject: Urban youth.

subject: Rural youth.

subject: Parent and child.

subject: Child rearing.

abstract:
The puq)ose of this thesis is to test a model Hnking community disadvantage and
urbanicity factors to parenting variables (i.e., monitoring, warmth, and knowledge) and to
youth risk behavior (i.e., substance use and delinquency), measured both concurrently
and one year after the assessment of parenting variables. The model builds on the work
of Fletcher, Steinberg, and Williams-Wheeler (2004) but a) includes a more
comprehensive measure of SES than that conceptualized by Fletcher et al.; b) considers
whether the role of community disadvantage is indirectly as well as directly linked to
youth risk behavior, by way of its association with parenting variables; c) considers
whether level of community urbanicity plays a direct role in predicting both parenting
variables and risk behaviors, or whether its influence on risk behaviours is primarily
indirect through parenting variables. Both community disadvantage and urbanicity had
virtually no relation to parenting and risk behaviour variables. Results found for relations
of parenting variables and risk behaviour were similar to Fletcher et al. Although urban
youth are typically perceived as being more at risk for substance use and delinquency, no
evidence was found for a distinction between urban and rural youth within this sample.
Targeting risk behaviour prevention/reduction programs toward only urban youth,
therefore, is not supported by these findings.


title: Mass spectrometric studies on aryltin compounds and alkali halides /

subject:
Tin compounds
Mass spectrometry.
Alkali metal halides.

abstract:
The fragmentation behavior of aryltin compounds [(p-ThAnis)nSnPh4.n (n=l-4);
(p-ThAnis)3SnX (X=C1, Br, I); (o-CH30C6H4)3SnCl; Ph3Sn(o-pyr)] have been studied
comparatively under EI and FAB ionization modes. Alkali halides were run under FAB
mode.
For the aryltin compounds, the effect of ligand type on the spectra have been
explored in both EI and FAB modes. The fragmentation mechanisms have been examined
with linked scans, such as fragment ion scans (B/E) and parent ion scans (B^/E). Ab
Initio molecular orbital calculations were used to determine the structures of the
fragments by comparing their relative stabilities. In the EI MS studies, negative ion EI
mode has also been used for some of the aryltin compounds, to examine the possible ion
molecule reactions under low pressures at 70eV. In the positive ion FAB MS studies,
matrix optimization experiments have been carried out. Negative ion FAB experiments of
all the compounds have been done in two different ways. Finally, the comparison of the
two methods, EI MS and FAB MS, have been made.For alkali halides, the studies focused on the FAB MS behavior under different
conditions. The intensities of cluster ions were reported, and the anomalies in the
intensity distribution was also discussed.


title: Mothers' experiences in the elementary school education of their children of mixed heritage /

contributor: Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education

subject: Racially mixed children

abstract:
This study explores the perceptions and experiences of middle-class women,
mostly mothers, regarding the elementary school education of their children of mixed
heritage. Because it endeavours to provide a forum in which the voices of women are
considered a source of valuable information for educators, this study contributes to
the fields of feminist and mothering research. Participants assign meanings to their
lived experiences (Schon, 1983; van Manen 1997) and contemplate the various ways
in which a mixed heritage mayor may not affect a child's schooling.
Four main participants were interviewed who are mothers whose children of
mixed heritage presently attend public elementary schools in Ontario, Canada. The
study had an emergent design, thus allowing the researcher to make decisions as the
study progressed. Three additional participants were included in the study to provide
a wider perspective on the topic. These 3 additional women were the researcher
herself as she explored her self-conceptual baggage (Kirby & McKenna. 1989); the
researcher's mother in an attempt to consider the motherline (Lowinsky, 1992); and a
volunteer non-mother of mixed ethnicity. The study involved a total of 12 individual
interviews of approximately 2 hours in length. The 4 main participants and the
researcher were each interviewed twice; the researcher's mother and the volunteer
non-mother were each interviewed once. The researcher also attempted a focus group
and kept a journal throughout the research process.
Much of the analysis centers on women's interpretations of the mixed heritage
experience and on their suggestions for elementary school educators. It concludes
pondering on the invisibility (Chiong, 1998) of such children within the school
system and calling for increased teacher education as a way to bring the mixed
heritage experience out of the shadows.


title: A naturalistic observation of the play behaviour of children with autism spectrum disorders /

subject:
Autistic children.
Autism in children.
Play assessment (Child psychology)

abstract:
Cognitive and social levels of play engaged in by four-to-eight-year-old children
with autism spectrum disorders were examined in naturalistic classroom settings. In
addition, play at home was compared with play at school via parent and educator
interviews. Seventeen school-age children, their educators and caregivers participated in
the study. The most frequently observed play behaviours included parallel-functional
play, adult interactions and solitary-functional play. The play of the children in the
current study was consistent with that of typically-developing preschoolers. Mothers and
educators did not differ significantly in their perspectives of the participants' play
behaviours. In general, educators' and caregivers' reports were positively related to
researcher observations of participants' play behaviours. Methodological considerations
and practical implications for the findings are discussed.


title: Niagara alternative food projects : networks, discourses and nature /

subject:
Alternative agriculture
Organic farming
Organic gardening
Natural foods industry
Tourism

abstract:
This thesis undertakes an exploration of the nature of alternative food projects in
Niagara. A review of various theoretical approaches to the study of food and agriculture,
suggests that actor-network theory offers the most useful lens through which to
understand these projects. In particular, actor-network theory facilitates non-dualistic
theorisations of power and scale and a commitment to the inclusion of non-humans in the
'social' sciences. The research is based on 19 in-depth interviews with actors involved in
various urban and rural projects including community supported agriculture, community
gardens, chefs using local seasonal food, a winery that grows organically, the good food
box, a value-added small business, and organic producers.
The analysis consists of four themes. The first analytical section pays special
attention to the prominence of agri-tourism in Niagara, and examines the ways in which
the projects in the sample interact with agri-tourist networks. In the second section the
discussion focuses on the discourses and practices of resistance among Niagara
alternative food actors. The participants' interviews suggest there are more discourses of
resistance toward agri-tourist than toward dominant food networks. The third section
questions commodity chain theorisations of alternative food projects. In particular, this
section shows how the inclusion of non-human actors in an analysis confounds
conceptualisations of 'short' and 'local' chains. The final analytical section assesses
relations of power in Niagara alternative food projects.
Three important conclusions arise from this research. First, Niagara alternative
food projects cannot be conceptualised as operating at the 'local' scale. Broadening the scope of analysis to include non-human actors, it becomes apparent that these projects
actually draw on a variety of extra-local actors. They are at once local and global.
Second, the projects in this sample are simultaneously part of alternative, dominant and
agri-tourist networks. While Niagara alternative food projects do perform many of the
roles characteristic of alternative food systems, they are also involved in practices of
development, business, and class distinction. Thus, alternative food networks should not
be understood as separate from and in direct opposition to dominant food networks.
Despite the second conclusion, this research determines that Niagara alternative food
projects have made significant strides in the reworking of power. The projects
represented in this thesis do engage in resistant practices and are associated with
increased levels ofjustice.


title: NMR characterization of chlorhexidine in lipid-based formulations /

subject: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

subject: Chlorhexidine.

subject: Lipids.

abstract:
A mixture of Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) with glycerophospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-
<^54-glycero-3-phospocholine (DMPC-rf54) was analysed using ^H nuclear magnetic resonance.
To analyze powder spectra, the de-Pake-ing technique was used. The method
is able to extract simultaneously both the orientation distribution function and the
anisotropy distribution function. The spectral moments, average order parameter profiles,
and longitudinal and transverse relaxation times were used to explore the structural
phase behaviour of various DMPC/CHG mixtures in the temperature range 5-60°C.


title: Parenting children with communication delays /

subject:
Parents of exceptional children.
Communicative disorders in children.


title: Pausing at the river's edge : a narrative inquiry into the practice of a reading teacher /

subject:
Teachers
Self perception.
Reflective teaching.
Psychology
Literacy

abstract:
In this narrative self-study I retell and connect the stories ofmy personal journey with
literacy from childhood to the present. I use narrative as both methodology and method as
I story my life experiences and my personal encounters with literacy. The heart ofmy
reflections comes from the pages of personal journals written and storied over many
years of trying to make meaning of powerful literacy experiences in my life. Now, in
going back through the stories and reconstructing meaning, I make connections between
the memories along the journey and the place from which I now tell my story. The
interpretations I construct give voice to beliefs 1 have lived by and illuminations to
moments in time that I have come to see with new eyes as I have engaged in this inquiry.
The journey and self-reflection within the pages of this inquiry provide
understanding of the driving force behind my personal passion for literacy. I am better
able to understand my motivations and share the stories that validate my personal and
professional path through time.


title: The performance and strategies of adolescents in learning to read artificial words /

subject:
Adolescence.
Reading
Word recognition.
Performance in children.
Learning.

abstract:
The present study explored processing strategies
used by individuals when they begin to read c;l script.
Stimuli were artificial words created from symbols and
based on an alphabetic system. The words were.presented
to Grade Nine and Ten students, with variations
included in the difficulty of orthography and word
familiarity, and then scores were recorded on the mean
number of trials for defined learning variables.
Qualitative findings revealed that subjects 1 earned
parts of the visual a'nd auditory features of words
prior to hooking up the visual stimulus to the word's
name. Performance measures-which appear to affect the
rate of learning were as follows: auditory short-term
memory, auditory delayed short-term memory, visual
delayed short- term memory, and word attack or decod~ng
skills. Qualitative data emerging in verbal reports by
the subjects revealed that strategies they pefceived to
use were, graphic, phonetic decoding and word .reading.


title: Postglacial water levels in the Great Lakes Region in relation to Holocene climate change : Thecamoebian and Palynological evidence /

subject:
Water levels
Water levels
Water levels
Paleoclimatology
Paleoclimatology
Paleoclimatology
Climatic changes
Climatic changes

abstract:
Various lake phases have developed in the upper Great Lakes in response to isostatic
adjustment and changes in water supply since the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Georgian
Bay experienced a lowstand that caused a basin wide unconformity approximately 7,500 years
ago that cannot be explained by geological events. Thecamoebians are shelled protozoans
abundant in freshwater environments and they are generally more sensitive to changing
environmental conditions than the surrounding vegetation. Thecamoebians can be used to
reconstruct the paleolimnology. The abundance of thecamoebians belonging to the genus
Centropyxis, which are known to tolerate slightly brackish conditions (i.e. high concentrations of
ions) records highly evaporative conditions in a closed basin. During the warmer interval (9000
to 700 yBP), the Centropyxis - dominated population diminishes and is replaced by an abundant
and diverse Difflugia dominate population.
Historical climate records from Tobermory and Midland, Ontario were correlated with
the Lake Huron water level curve. The fossil pollen record and comparison with modem
analogues allowed a paleo-water budget to be calculated for Georgian Bay. Transfer function
analysis of fossil pollen data from Georgian Bay records cold, dry winters similar to modem day
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Drier climates around this time are also recorded in bog environments
in Southem Ontario - the drying of Lake Tonawanda and inception of paludification in
Willoughby Bog, for instance, dates around 7,000 years ago. The dramatic impact of climate
change on the water level in Georgian Bay underlines the importance of paleoclimatic research
for predicting future environmental change in the Great Lakes.


title: Preadolescents' internet usage : psychosocial implications /

subject:
Internet and children
Internet users.

abstract:
Preadolescent Internet usage is prevalent today. This thesis examined how Canadian
preadolescents use the Internet, what they do when they are on the Internet, and why
preadolescents are fascinated with the Internet. Eight quahtative categories were derived
from the data. The categories are Downloading, Information Hunting, Consumerism,
Virtual Nurturing, Gaming, Expressions of Violence, Chatting, and Music. By critically
distilling and analyzing preadolescent Internet behaviour through the lens of behavioural
and cognitive psychology, and explicating the amount of psychological, cognitive, and
social learning that preadolescents may be exposed to on the Internet, and the attraction
that is cumulatively a profound draw for a preadolescent audience, an argument will be
made that Internet usage in preadolescents may impair their cognitive, social, and
psychological development because of the impulse seeking and gratification priming that
has been reinforced during the formative period of preadolescence.


title: A qualitative journey into cyberspace /

subject:
Educational technology.
English language
English language

abstract:
Educators should movefrom teacher-centered learning to student-centered
learning, from isolated work to collaborative work, andfromfactual knowledgebased
instructions to critical thinking and informed decision-making. The high
tech classroom should be more interactive and encourage active, exploratory,
inquiry-based learning, as opposed to the didactic mode in which teachersfeed
students information. (Valenti,2000, p. 85)
The influence of technology in schools is growing as quickly as the students it impacts.
As a pioneer in an e-leaming high school, I hoped to better understand the effects and
influences of this learning tool in the English classroom. Using interpretive ethnography
as my main frame of reference, I examined the role of technology in a grade 9 Academic
English class environment. My role was participant observer as I worked with 4 students
in the Laptop Program at St. Augustine Catholic High School. Through interview,
observation, joumaling, and thick description, I undertook a journey into cyberspace. I
documented the experiences, the frustrations, and the highlights of being in e-leaming
along with my students. In this study, I specifically considered the issues of teacher
training, administrative support, technology support personnel, resource availability, the
role of the teacher in a constructivist classroom, and the benefits of the laptop computer
as a learning tool in classroom and school.


title: Quantum Monte Carlo study of electrostatic polarizabilities of H and He atoms /

subject:
Perturbation (Quantum dynamics)
Electrostatics.
Hydrogen.
Helium.

abstract:
The infinitesimal differential quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) technique is used to
estimate electrostatic polarizabilities of the H and He atoms up to the sixth order
in the electric field perturbation. All 542 different QMC estimators of the nonzero
atomic polarizabilities are derived and used in order to decrease the statistical
error and to obtain the maximum efficiency of the simulations. We are confident
that the estimates are "exact" (free of systematic error): the two atoms are nodeless
systems, hence no fixed-node error is introduced. Furthermore, we develope
and use techniques which eliminate systematic error inherent when extrapolating
our results to zero time-step and large stack-size.
The QMC results are consistent with published accurate values obtained using
perturbation methods. The precision is found to be related to the number of
perturbations, varying from 2 to 4 significant digits.


title: The role of daytime napping in sleepiness and cognitive function in 24-70 year olds /

subject: Naps (Sleep)

abstract:
Daytime napping improves well-being and performance for young adults. The benefits
of napping in older adults should be investigated because they have fragmented nocturnal
sleep, cognitive declines, and more opportunity to nap. In addition, experience with napping
might influence the benefits of napping.
Study 1 examined the role of experience with napping in young adults. Habitual (n =
23) and non-habitual nappers (n = 16) were randomly assigned to a 20-minute nap or a 20-
minute reading condition. Both groups slept the same according to macro architecture.
However, microarchitecture showed greater theta, alpha, and beta power during Stage 1, and
greater delta, alpha, and sigma power during Stage 2 for habitual nappers, for the most part
indicating better sleep. Both groups felt less sleepy after the nap. P2 latency, reflecting
information processing, decreased after the nap for habitual nappers, and after the control
condition for non-habitual nappers. In sum, both groups who slept felt better, but only the
habitual nappers who napped gained a benefit in terms of information processing. Based on
this outcome, experience with napping was investigated in Study 2.
Study 2 examined the extent to which daytime napping enhanced cognition in older
adults, especially frontal lobe function. Cognitive deficits in older adults may be due to sleep
loss and age-related decline in brain functioning. Longer naps were expected to provide greater
improvement, particularly for older adults, by reducing sleep pressure.
Thirty-two adults, aged 24-70 years, participated in a repeated measures dose-response
manipulation of sleep pressure. Twenty- and sixty-minute naps were compared to a no-nap
condition in three age groups. Mood, subjective sleepiness, reaction time, working memory,
11
novelty detection, and waking electro physiological measures were taken before and after each
condition. EEG was also recorded during each nap or rest condition.
Napping reduced subjective sleepiness, improved working memory (serial addition /
subtraction task), and improved attention (reduced P2 amplitude). Physiological sleepiness
(i.e., waking theta power) increased following the control condition, and decreased after the
longer nap. Increased beta power after the short nap, and seen with older adults overall, may
have reflected increased mental effort.
Older adults had longer latencies and smaller amplitudes for several event-related
potential components, and higher beta and gamma power. Following the longer nap, gamma
power decreased for older adults, but increased for young adults. Beta and gamma power may
represent enhanced alertness or mental effort. In addition, Nl amplitude showed that benefits
depend on the preceding nap length as well as age. Since the middle group had smaller Nl
amplitudes following the short nap and rest condition, it is possible that they needed a longer
nap to maintain alertness. Older adults did not show improvements to Nl amplitude following
any condition; they may have needed a nap longer than 60 minutes to gain benefits to attention
or early information processing. Sleep characteristics were not related to benefits of napping.
Experience with napping was also investigated. Subjective data confirmed habitual
nappers were happier to nap, while non-habitual nappers were happier to stay awake,
reflecting self-identified napping habits. Non-habitual nappers were sleepier after a nap, and
had faster brain activity (i.e., heightened vigilance) at sleep onset. These reasons may explain
why non-habitual nappers choose not to nap.


title: The role of personality and situational factors in forgiveness /

subject: Forgiveness Forgiveness Empathy. Personality.

abstract:
This study deals with personality and situational variables that influence forgiveness. The
relations between empathy and forgiveness were studied, followed by the examination of the relation of
these two variables to the Big Five personality traits, as well as honesty, absorption, the propensity to
mystical experiences, and dissociation. Empathy was then tested as a mediating variable between the
personality variables and forgiveness. Empathy and forgiveness were then studied in relation to
childhood maltreatment. Finally, the effects of six different motivations to forgive were examined in
relation to the personality variables. Participants were 142 undergraduate students recruited from the ftrst
year psychology class at Brock University; 75% were either 18 or 19 years of age, and 84% were female.
All of the variables were measured using self-report questionnaires.
The relation between empathy and forgiveness was only partially replicated. In terms of
personality, forgiveness was found to be related to honesty, emotionality, and agreeableness. Empathy at
least partially mediated the relations between forgiveness and agreeableness, honesty and emotionality.
Childhood maltreatment was negatively related to forgiveness, and positively related to openness to
experience, absorption, and dissociation from reality, but not to the propensity for mystical experiences.
Six different motivations for forgiveness emerged from an exploratory factor analysis. Out of these,
Forgiveness to Promote Reconciliation was related to emotionality and dispositional empathy. Religious
Forgiveness was related to honesty, emotionality, and mystical experiences. Forgiveness to Feel Better
was related to honesty, emotionality, agreeableness, conscientiousness, absorption, mystical experiences,
and empathy. Forgiveness to Assert Moral Superiority over the Injurer was negatively related to honesty,
empathy, and positively related to extraversion. Forgiveness out of Fear was related to agreeableness.
Finally, Altruistic Forgiveness was related to honesty, emotionality, and agreeableness, absorption and
the propensity to mystical experiences. Altruistic Forgiveness correlated most highly with all the
measures of forgiveness, followed by Forgiveness to Feel better. Altruistic forgiveness was also the
motivation for forgiveness that correlated the highest with absorption.


title: The sedimentology of unconsolidated deltaic and aeolian sediments east of Dunnville, Ontario /

subject:
Sediments (Geology)
Geology
Sedimentology.

abstract:
Surficial sediments east of Dunnville, Ontario representing a
limited deltaic/lacustrine/aeolian system are investigated with
the aim of defining and interpreting their geological history by
means of exarrrrning their sedimentology and interrelationships.
The Folk and \oJard grain size statistics of samples fran the area
were calculated. These sample parameters were e1en plotted on
maps to detennine regional patterns. The strongest pattern
observed was one of distinct fining to the east, away fran the
sand source. Aeolian deposits were fourrl to be better sorted than
the surrcunding sediments. The grain size parameter values were
also plotted on bivariate graphs in an attempt to separate the
samples according to depositional environment. This exercise met
with little success, as rrost of the sediments sampled in the area
have similar grain size parameters. This is believed to be
because the sediment sources for the different environments
(delta, distal delta, aeolian dune) are intimately related, to the
point that nnst dunes appear to have been sourcErl fran immediately
local sediments. It is FOstulated that in such a srrall
sedimentological sub-system, sediments were not involved in active
transport for a length of time sufficient for the rraterial to cane
to equilibritnn with its transporting medium. Thus, fe..v
distinctive patterns of parameters were developed that would
enable one to differentiate between various environments of
neposition. The i.rnTaturity of rrany dune forms and the i.Imaturity
of mineralogical composition of all deposits support the above
hyt:XJthesis of limited transport time.
Another hypothesis proposen is that eadh geologically or
geographically distinct area or "sub-system" rray have its o,.m
"signature" of grain size relationships as plotted on bivariate
graphs. Thus, the emphasis, concerning graphs of this type,
should not be placErl on attempting to nifferentiate between
various environnents of deposition, hut raB1er on investigating
the interrelationships between sanples am environments within
that "sub-system".
Through the course of this investigation, the existence of nelta
plain distributary Channels in the thesis area is SUG0ested, and
the mscovery of significantly mfferent sub-units within the
TUnnville dune sediments is documented. It is inferred by
reference to other authors interpretations of the glacial history
of the area, that the tirre of effective aeolian acti vi ty in the
Dunnville area was between 12,300 to 12,100 years R.p.


title: Self-presentational motives in eating disorders : a known groups difference approach

subject:
Self-presentation.
Eating disorders in women

abstract:
Self-presentation reflects the processes by which individuals attempt to monitor and control the
impressions others form of them (Schlenker & Leary, 1982). Concerns over impressions
conveyed have been linked to numerous health behaviors (Crawford & Eklund, 1994; Martin,
Leary, & O'Brien, 2001). The present study investigated the role of cognitive manifestations of
dispositional and situational self presentational motivation (SPM) in 131 females with known
groups differences on a measure of eating disorders. Participants were classified as in-treatment
(IN = 39); at risk (AT = 46); and not at risk (NOT = 46) for eating disordered behaviour. Each
participant completed The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE; Leary, 1983), the
Public Self-Consciousness Scale (PSC; Fenigstein, Sheier, & Buss, 1975), and the Social
Physique Anxiety Scale (SPA; Hart, Leary, & Rejeski, 1989), as measures of dispositional SPM.
Situational SPM was assessed through Self-Presentational Efficacy (SPE; Gammage, Hall, &
Martin, 2004), and the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 (Markland & Ingeldew, 1997).
Significant differences emerged on the measure of eating disorder behaviour between AT and
NOT. To determine if group differences existed on measures of trait SPM an ANOVA was
conducted. Results indicated that the NOT group experienced less FNE, PSC and SPA than the
IN and AT groups, and the AT group experienced less FNE and PSC than the IN group. Pearson
bivariate correlations were conducted on measures of trait SPM and EMI-2 subscales
theoretically linked to SPM. It was found that FNE, PSC and SPA were all positively correlated
with weight management for the NOT group. To determine if group differences existed on selfpresentational
exercise motives independent samples I-tests were conducted. Results revealed
that the AT group was more motivated to exercise for weight management, and appearance, and
social recognition than the NOT group. To determine if group differences existed on the state
measure of self-presentational efficacy a series of ANOVA's were conducted. Results revealed that the NOT group experienced significantly greater self-presentational efficacy expectancy and
self-presentational outcome value than the AT group. Finally, a discriminant function analysis
was conducted to determine if trait SPM would predict group membership. Results revealed that
63.4% of participants were correctly classified, with SPA, PSC, and FNE differentiating the
NOT group from the AT and IN groups and FNE and PSC differentiating the AT group from the
IN group. Thus self-presentation motivation appears to have an influence on females who have
an eating disorder and those at risk for an eating disorder. Potential applications of the influence
of self-presentational motives on eating disorders and future research directions are discussed.


title: Self-reported health status and lifestyle behaviours of the residents of the Town of Fort Erie, Ontario, as related to the Canadian Community Health Survey

subject:
Canadian Community Health Survey.
Health surveys
Public health
Lifestyles
Health behavior

abstract:
The purpose of this cross sectional survey design was to examine self-reported
health status and lifestyle behaviours of the residents of the Town of Fort Erie, Ontario,
as related to the Canadian Community Health Survey. Using a mail-out survey, entitled
the Fort Erie Survey of Health (FESH), a probability cluster sampling technique was used
to measure self-reported health status (present health, health conditions, health
challenges, functional health limitations) and lifestyle behaviour (smoking, alcohol use,
drug use, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, body weight, and gaming).
Each variable was described and analyzed in relation to socio-economic variables, age
and gender. The findings from this study were compared to the Canadian Community
Health Survey 2000/2001. Overall, 640 surveys were completed. The majority of Fort
Erie residents rated their present health as good and were satisfied with their overall
health and quality of life. The main chronic conditions reported were arthritis, back pain
and heart disease. Other main health problems reported were vision, sleeping and chronic
pain. Overall, 14.6% smoke; 58.8% engaged in physical activity either occasionally or
never as opposed to regularly engaging in physical activity; 52.1% did not eat the
required daily fruits and vegetables; and 40.0% were in the overweight category. Persons
who practiced one healthy lifestyle behaviour were more likely to practice other healthy
promoting behaviours. Therefore, health promotion programs are best designed to
address multiple risk factors simultaneously. The ffiSH was generally consistent with the
Canadian Community Health Survey in the overall findings. A small number of
inconsistencies were identified that require further exploration to determine if they are
unique to this community.


title: A study of ethical decision-making in hypothetical scenarios by secondary school principals /

subject:
School management and organization
High school principals

abstract:
The purpose of the study,was to investigate the ways in which secondary school
principals make decisions that have an ethical dimension, and the reasons they use to
justify their choices. The ethical principles and concepts, as well as the scenarios, were
adapted from The Ethics ofSchool Administration by Strike, Haller, and Soltis (1998).
In this study, 32 secondary principals from a school board in Ontario were asked to
complete a descriptive survey which was designed to have principals make administrative
decisions in response to 5 hypothetical scenarios. The open-ended questions were
expected to elicit responses that were reflective of the principals' actual decision-making
strategies. The survey also required them to justify and explain their reasons for each
decision. The data were analyzed and 4 major categories ofjustifications emerged:
pedagogy, legalism, moral code, and democracy. The results indicate that the decisions
made by principals are grounded in various perspectives. While the data did not indicate
any explicit knowledge of ethical principles and concepts, the principals' responses
suggest sound and valid reasoning for their decision making, addressing the principles
and concepts from a variety of viewpoints and using diverse justifications.


title: Subjective, behavioural and electrophysiological measurements of the time-course and intensity of sleep inertia after a full night of sleep /

subject: Sleep Drowsiness.

abstract:
Several recent studies have described the period of impaired alertness and performance
known as sleep inertia that occurs upon awakening from a full night of sleep. They report that
sleep inertia dissipates in a saturating exponential manner, the exact time course being task
dependent, but generally persisting for one to two hours. A number of factors, including sleep
architecture, sleep depth and circadian variables are also thought to affect the duration and
intensity. The present study sought to replicate their findings for subjective alertness and reaction
time and also to examine electrophysiological changes through the use of event-related potentials
(ERPs). Secondly, several sleep parameters were examined for potential effects on the initial
intensity of sleep inertia.
Ten participants spent two consecutive nights and subsequent mornings in the sleep lab.
Sleep architecture was recorded for a fiiU nocturnal episode of sleep based on participants'
habitual sleep patterns. Subjective alertness and performance was measured for a 90-minute
period after awakening. Alertness was measured every five minutes using the Stanford Sleepiness
Scale (SSS) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) of sleepiness. An auditory tone also served as the
target stimulus for an oddball task designed to examine the NlOO and P300 components ofthe
ERP waveform. The five-minute oddball task was presented at 15-minute intervals over the initial
90-minutes after awakening to obtain six measures of average RT and amplitude and latency for
NlOO and P300. Standard polysomnographic recording were used to obtain digital EEG and
describe the night of sleep. Power spectral analyses (FFT) were used to calculate slow wave
activity (SWA) as a measure of sleep depth for the whole night, 90-minutes before awakening and
five minutes before awakening.


title: A systematic observation of hostile aggression in Junior B hockey

subject:
Violence in sports.
Hockey.
Aggressiveness.
Aggressiveness in youth.

abstract:
Aggressive behaviours within the sport of hockey appear to be increasing in both
prevalence and consequence (Biasca, Wirth, & Tegner, 2002). Accordingly, this area of
inquiry is currently garnering a considerable amount of attention from society and
academics alike. The problem however, is that our current understanding of these
behaviours has been deemed both incomplete and unreliable. The inconsistencies
inherent within this body of knowledge have been traced back to a variety of
methodological shortcomings. The purpose of this investigation was to assess hostile
aggression using a more ecologically valid and comprehensive research design. Ten
Junior B hockey games were tapped and subsequently coded by three independent
observers, using a validated operational list. Two hundred and fifty-nine behaviours were
extrapolated and examined according to the score differential, period, position of the
aggressor, status of the aggressor's team, and whether the aggressor was a member of the
home or visiting team. It was concluded that the frequency of aggressive behaviours
significantly differed according to the score differential, and status of the aggressor's
team (p < .01). However, these hostile acts did not differ according the aggressor's
position, period, and the home versus away status of the aggressor's team (p > .01). It
was also determined that the majority of aggressive acts (69.1 1%) across these ten games
went unsanctioned. This highlights the profound influence that "positive misses" have on
penalty measures of aggression, while concurrently highlighting the ecological validity
present with observational designs. Consequently, by assessing aggressive behaviour in a
more inclusive and ecologically valid manner, a more accurate picture of the frequency
and distribution of hostile aggression may be provided.


title: Teachers' perspectives on the implementation of expectations-based curricula /

subject:
Competency-based education
Education, Secondary
Educational change
Curriculum change

abstract:
This qualitative study examines teachers' experiences implementing new
standardized curricula in Ontario schools. This new curricula contained several policy
changes and an expectations based format which directed what knowledge and skills
students were to demonstrate in each subject. This level of specificity of subject-content
served to control teachers in relation to curricula; however, data suggested that at the same
time, teachers had enormous flexibility in terms of pedagogy. Four secondary teachers who
were implementing a Grade 10 course in the 2000-2001 school year participated in the
study. The qualitative framework supported the researcher's emphasis on examining the
participants' perspectives on the implementation of expectation-based curricula. Data
collected included transcripts from interviews conducted with teacher participants and a
representative of the Ontario Ministry of Education and Training, field notes, and a
research journal.
Many of the factors often cited in the literature as influencing implementation
practices were found to have affected the participants' experiences of curriculum
implementation: time, professional development, and teachers' beliefs, particularly
concerning students. In addition, the format of the policy documents proved to both control
and free teachers during the implementation process. Participants believed that the number
of specific expectations did not provide them an opportunity to add content to the
curriculum; at the same time, teachers also noted that the general format of the policy
document allowed them to direct instruction to match students' needs and their own
teaching preferences. Alignment between teachers' beliefs about education and their
understanding of the new curriculum affected the ways in which many participants adapted
during the implementation process.


title: A time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy study of paramagnetic porphyrins /

subject: Photosynthesis

subject: Porphyrins.

subject: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

abstract:
There is considerable interest in intramolecular energy transfer, especially in complexes
which absorb visible light, because it is crucial to the better understanding of photoharvesting
systems in photosynthetic organisms and for utilizing solar energy as well. Porphyrin dimers
represent one of the best systems for the exploration of light-induced intramolecular energy
transfer. Many kinds of porphyrins and porphyrin dimers have been studied over the past decade,
however little attention has been paid to the influence of paramagnetic metals on the behavior of
their excited states. In this thesis, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR) is used
to study such compounds. After light irradiation, porphyrins easily produce a variety of excited
states, which are spin polarized and can be detected by the time-resolved (TR) EPR technique.
The spin polarized results for vanadyl porphyrins, their electrostatically-coupled dimers, a
covalently-linked copper porphyrin-free base porphyrin dimer, and free base porphyrins are
presented in this thesis. From these results we can conclude that the spin polarization patterns of
vanadyl porphyrins come primarily from the trip-quartet state generated by intersystem crossing
(lSC) from the excited sing-doublet state through the trip-doublet state. The spin polarization
pattern of electrostatically-coupled vanadyl porphyrin-free base porphyrin dimer is produced by
the triplet state of the free base porphyrin half which is coupled to the unpaired electron on the
vanadyl ion.


title: To see and to touch : God, honour, and irony in Shakespeare's English histories /

subject:
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616

abstract:
Failed and fragile states that result from intrastate war pose severe threats to the
security of both the international system and individual states alike. In the post-Cold War
era, the international community has come to recognize the reality of these threats and the
difficulty involved in ending violence and building sustainable peace in failed and fragile
states. This work focuses upon the development of a comprehensive strategy for
sustainable peace-building by incorporating the tenets of the human security doctrine into
the peace-building process. Through the use of case studies of The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia and East Timor, the development and refinement of the doctrine
of human security will occur, as well as, an understanding of how and where human
security fits into the sustainable peace-building equation. The end result of the analysis is
the development of a hierarchical pyramid formation that brings together human security
and peace-building into one framework that ultimately creates the foundation and
structure of sustainable peace-building.
With the development of a sustainable peace-building structure based upon the
human security doctrine, the role of Canada in the support of sustainable peace-building
is analyzed in relation to the form and level of involvement that Canada undertakes and
contributes to in the implementation and support of sustainable peace-building initiatives.
Following from this, recommendations are provided regarding what role(s) Canada
should undertake in the sustainable peace-building process that take into consideration
the present and likely future capabilities of Canada to be involved in various aspects of
the peace-building process.
ii
This paper outlines the need for a peace-building strategy that is designed to be
sustainable in order that failed and fragile states resulting from intrastate conflict do not
regress or collapse back into a condition of civil war, and subsequently designs such a
strategy. The linking of peace-building and human security creates the required
framework from which sustainable peace-building is derived. Creating sustainable peace
is necessary in order to increase the likelihood that both present and future generations
existing in failed and fragile states will be spared from the scourge of intrastate war.


title: Vegetational history and geochronology of several sites in South Southwestern Ontario with discussion on mastodon extinction in Southern Ontario /

subject:
Mastodons.
Geological time.
Geology
Vegetation and climate

abstract:
This study has three purposes: to establish a chronologically
controlled vegetational history for a number of sites
in south Southwestern Ontario; to utilize the resulting data
to support and/or add to the current understanding of Quaternary
geology and stratigraphy, and the glacial and postglacial
history of the Great Lakes in south Southwestern Ontario; and
to attempt to propose a possible explanation for the extinction
of the mastodon in Southern Ontario.
Palynological and geochronological analyses were conducted
on material collected from eleven sites (east to west):
Verbeke Mastodon Site, Woloshko Mastodon Site, Walker Pond II,
Pond Mills I, Lake Hunger Bog, Bouckaert Site. Mabee Site,
Cornell Bog. Colles Lake I, Folden Mastodon Site and Forest
Pond. Individual geochronologically controlled (where possible)
vegetational histories were reconstructed for each of the sites
investigated.
The results of the individual studies, when considered in
overview. indicated the existance of an established closed
boreal forest throughout south Southwestern Ontario by 10,000
years B.P. This evidence for a significant climatic change
coincident throughout south Southwestern Ontario supports the
proposed age of 10,000 years B.P. for the Pleistocene/Holocene
Boundary (Terasmae, 1972).
Remnant patches of 'open spruce parkland' persisted in
small local 'wet' areas. It was in these areas that the mastodon
was restricted during early Holocene time. With continued
encroachment by the surrounding boreal forest, possibly speeded up by this browser's destructive feeding habits, the spruce
enclaves shrank and the mastodon became extinct in south
Southwestern Ontario.
The results of this thesis basically support Dreimanis'
(1967, 1968) proposed 'Environmental-Climatic' theory for
mastodon extinction.
It is suggested that increased dryness during the present
interglacial compared to the climate of earlier interglacials
may be the key to unravelling the problem of mastodon extinction
in eastern North America.


title: "Welcome to my life" : the experiences of single mothers who are the recipients of multiple state provided benefits

contributor: Social Justice and Equity Studies Program

subject:
Low-income single mothers
Low-income single mothers
Single mothers
Family policy

abstract:
Abstract
This research takes the lens of social reproduction as a starting point for an
examination of the effects of recent social welfare reforms on the lives o.fsingle mothers. As
the cumulative effects o.f diminishing state provided benefits take hold, tensions are
heightened as single mothers internalize the insecurity of earning an income in 11 capitalist
labour market, while trying to carry out all that is involved in social reproduction with
inadequate means of survival. Through interviewing single mothers who are the recipients
of mUltiple state provided benefits (social assistance, student loans, subsidized housing and
subsidized childcare), this thesis illuminates the cOl1linued regulation of women in an effort
to assure that social reproduction is occurring at the lowest cost possible. State provided
benefits are set lip in such a way that it is near impossible for single mothers to make ends
meet without entering the labour force or entering into co-residential relationships. This
push towards the labour force and/or marriage via punitive welfare policies illuminates the
devaluation of the labour that is done at home. Through interviewing 5 single mothers, I
will demonstrate the extensive labour that goes into maintaining their households. In
addition .J case managers are interviewed. The employees of social assistance, subsidized
hOllsing, subsidized childcare and student loans, have much agency in deeming who is
worthy of receiving benefits. The employees of these agencies have the ability to make these
women's lives easier or more complicated by how the workers interpret the policy
regulations.
Social policies are of paramount importance in the quest for women's equality and
thus have consequences for how women's daily lives are organized. The rules and
regulations that govern the individual policies are complex and bureaucratic and have
implications for the ways in which women must organize their lives in order to survive.
The shifts in social policy have been guided by neo-liberal assumptions with a focus on
individual responsibility and a market-modeled welfare state. The caring work that is
involved in raising children to be productive in a capitalist society is ignored or devalued
in current policies. The emphasis in each polic.:v is on getting women who receive benefits
into the paid work force, with little facilitation or investment into the caring work these
women do on a daily basis that in turn supports capitalism. Policies, such as social
assistance, subsidized housing, subsidized childcare and student loans, are set up in such a
way that ignores the reality of women's day-to-day lives and devalues the necessary work
done at home. It takes an abundance of labour and strategizing for women to seek out
necessary means of survival, labour that is amplified when a woman is dealing with
mUltiple slate provided benefits.


title: Adult perceptions of student involvement in schoolyard gardening /

subject:
Toronto District School Board.
School gardens
Schools
Environmental education
Ecology
Elementary schools

abstract:
The purpose of this research is to investigate through adult perceptions what
factors have enabled and limited student participation in schoolyard gardening, and how
to support student involvement in schoolyard gardening. It is a collective case study of
three schools in the Toronto District School Board (TDSB, Ontario, Canada) that are
currently running a schoolyard gardening project. Sixteen interviews were conducted
during May and June, 2005, and photos of the three schoolyard gardens were taken. The
results show that the common factors that have enabled student participation in
schoolyard gardening at the three schools are teacher's initiative and commitment,
principal's leadership and support, parental involvement and donations, and the TDSB's
EcoSchools program and workshops. The common limiting factors are time, money, and
the unions' "work-to-rule" issue. The ways to support student involvement include
teachers integrating the gardening into the curriculum; parents making donations to the
school and creating a family gardening culture; principals supporting in money or budget
and taking the lead; the TDSB providing funding, awards, incentives, and more
maintenance; and the Ontario Ministry of Education supplying funding, curriculum link,
and teacher training.


title: A conceptual analysis of research literature on teachers' ideology and literacy practices: extending the dialogue through a secondary analysis of high school English as an additional language contexts /

subject:
English language
English language
English language
English language

abstract:
This thesis provides a conceptual analysis of research literature on teachers'
ideology and literacy practices as well as a secondary analysis of three empirical studies
and the ways in which the ideologies of the English as an Additional Language (EAL)
(Street, 2005) teachers in these contexts impact the teaching of literacy in
empowering/disabling ways. Several major theoretical components of Cummins (1996,
2000), Gee (1996, 2004) and Street (1995, 2001) are examined and integrated into a
conceptual triad consisting of three main areas: power and ideology, validation of
students ' cultural and linguistic backgrounds, and teaching that empowers. This triad
provides the framework for the secondary analysis of three empirical studies on the
ideologies of secondary EAL teachers. Implications of the findings from the conceptual
and secondary analyses are examined in light of the research community and secondary
school teachers of EAL.


title: Continuing education learning preferences and styles of legal clinic lawyers /

subject:
Lawyers
Learning strategies.
Learning, Psychology of.

abstract:
The purpose of this qualitative research was to study the learning preferences and
styles of management lawyers who work in Ontario's legal aid clinics. Data were
gathered from two sources and analyzed using the constant comparison method. A preand
postconference survey provided the principal data on clinic lawyers' learning
preferences. Follow-up interviews were then conducted with 3 purposefully selected
survey participants to explore their personal learning styles. Kolb's experiential learning
theory provided the theoretical framework for discussing personal learning styles. The
findings showed a general consistency among the lawyers to learn by listening to lectures
and experts. This preference may suggest a lingering influence from law school training.
The lawyers' more informal learning associated with daily practice, however, appeared to
be guided by various learning styles. The learning style discussions provided some
support for Kolb's model but also confirmed some shortcomings noted by other authors.
Educators who design continuing education programs for lawyers may benefit from some
insights gained from this exploratory research. This study adds to a limited but growing
body of work on the learning preferences and styles of lawyers and suggests new
questions for future research.


title: Enhancing teaching and learning speech acts: action research of Japanese as a foreign language /

subject:
Japanese language
Japanese language
Action research in education.

abstract:
This action research observes a second year Japanese class at a university where
foreign language courses are elective for undergraduate students. In this study, using the
six strategies to teach Japanese speech acts that Ishihara and Cohen (2006) suggested, I
conducted three classes and analyzed my teaching practice with a critical friend. These
strategies assist learners toward the development of their understanding of the following
Japanese speech acts and also keep the learners to use them in a manner appropriate to
the context: (I) invitation and refusal; (2) compliments; and (3) asking for a permission.
The aim of this research is not only to improve my instruction in relation to second
language (L2) pragmatic development, but also to raise further questions and to develop
future research. The findings are analyzed and the data derived from my journals,
artifacts, students' work, observation sheets, interviews with my critical friend, and
pretests and posttests are coded and presented. The analysis shows that (I) after my
critical friend encouraged my study and my students gave me some positive comments
after each lesson, I gained confidence in teaching the suggested speech acts; (2) teaching
involved explaining concepts and strategies, creating the visual material (a video)
showing the strategies, and explaining the relationship between the strategy and
grammatical forms and samples of misusing the forms; (3) students' background and
learning styles influenced lessons; and (4) pretest and posttests showed that the students'
Icvel of their L2 appropriate pragmatics dramatically improved after each instruction.
However, after careful observation, it was noted that some factors prevented students
from producing the correct output even though they understood the speech act
differences.


title: Exploring an emotion intervention for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder /

subject:
Autistic children
Emotions

abstract:
The purpose of this multiple case study was 1) to explore the effectiveness of an
emotions recognition program for preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD),
and 2) to investigate one parent's perception of the emotions program. To address these
objectives, the emotion unit scores of 7 preschoolers with ASD aged 3 to 5 years old (1
female, 6 males) were graphed and analyzed using visual inspection. In addition, the
mother of 1 participant was interviewed to explore her perceptions of the emotions
program and emotional learning. Overall, results revealed that participants' emotion
recognition scores increased over the course of the emotions unit. The parent reported
improvements in her son's expression and understanding of emotion, but noted that he
continued to have difficulty with regulation of emotion. Implications for theory,
education, and future research are discussed.


title: Inclusive teaching practice in the Jewish day school: general studies teachers' experiences /

subject:
Inclusive education.
Jewish day schools.

abstract:
Little research has been done on inclusive education in the context of the Jewish
day school general studies classroom. This qualitative case study research examines the
inclusive teaching experiences of 2 general studies teachers in their respective grade 4
classrooms in 2 traditionally structured dual curriculum Jewish day schools. Data
analysis of qualitative open-ended interviews, classroom observations, postobservation
discxissions, and school and formal curriculum documents yielded understandings about
the participants' inclusive practice and the challenges of the traditional Jewish day school
structure. Eight themes that emerged related to understandings and questions about time
limitations, an emphasis on efficiency, the day school structure, inclusion models, the
need for increased teacher collaboration, and tension between curriculum-as-plan and
curriculum-as-lived. Discussion of the findings suggests the need for further research in
inclusion and integrated curriculimi in order to better understand possible restructuring of
the traditional Jewish day school fi-om the time efficiency constrained dual curriculiun
structure to a more flexible structure conducive of a meaningful and dynamic lived
curriculum.


title: The link between extracurricular activities and academic achievement for youth in grades 5 and 7 /

abstract:
This study examined the link between involvement in extracurricular activities
and academic success for 504 youth in grades 5 and 7, using the first-year survey data
from a longitudinal study conducted by Youth Lifestyle Choices-Community University
Research Alliance (YLC-CURA). Specifically, the study investigated whether a linear or
curvilinear relation existed between extracurricular activities and academic achievement
for both in- and out-of-school activities. It was hypothesized that stress may be a
possible mediator in the link between extracurricular activities and achievement
Results indicated that students in grades 5 and 7 were involved in club and sport
activities both inside and outside of school at fairly equal fi-equencies, with a mean
frequency of approximately once a month. The hypothesis that a positive relation j
between in- and out-of-school extracurricular activities and achievement was supported.
The hypothesis that a curvilinear relation would exist between extracurricular activities
and achievement was only supported for out-of-school activities. This finding supports
the argument that too much or too little involvement in out-of-school activities is related
negatively to a student's academic success; however, a moderate amount of involvement
appears to be positive. The hypothesis that there would be a relation between
involvement in extracurricular activities and stress level for both in-school and out-ofschool
activities was not supported. Results were discussed in terms of educational
implications and community resources for extracurricular activities.


title: Miss-understand-ing: design education in Ontario secondary schools : an exploration of the issues with stakeholders and recommendations for change /

subject:
Art
Design and technology
Industrial arts

abstract:
For most people design is a mystery. The products of design are integrated into
our daily lives to the point that design has become invisible to us. However. what is
subsumed in design practice is a creative problem-solving process that is applicable as
a teaching strategy as well as a method for teaching the subject of design. The purpose
of this study was to inquire into the current classroom practice of Ontario Visual Arts
and Technological Education teachers, understand the goals of Ontario government
curriculum developers, and explore the position held by the professional design
community on secondary school design education. Data for this study were collected
from: (a) a textual analysis of 4 Ministry curriculum documents; (b) interviews with
JO stakeholders; (c) unobtrusive observations and informal conversations conducted
at 7 secondary school open house events; and (d) observation of 2 sessions of an AQ
course for Design and Technology. The research design modeled the design process
and was divided into 2 parts: a discovery or problem-finding phase and a discussion
or problem-solving phase. The results showed that design is misunderstood and
misused; it has become lost between visual arts and technology where neither
program holds responsibility for its delivery; students mistake working on computers
for design practice; and while there is a desire within the professional community to
have a voice in secondary school design education. there is no forum for participation.
The technology-driven paradigm shift taking place in society today calls for a new
framework for tellching and practicing dcsign. Further research is required; howcvcr.
in the meantime. secondary school educators might benefit from professional
development and classroom support from the professional dcsign community.


title: Wellness and balance: perceptions amongst female health care professionals negotiating career, family, and continuing education /

subject:
Working mothers
Medical personnel
Medical personnel
Health.
Well-being.

abstract:
The purpose ofthis study was to explore the perceptions of wellness and
bidance amongst female health care professionals negotiating career, family aiul
continuing education commitments. Five women who met the criteria of having a
family (with children), holding a full-time professional career in health care, and who
were presently pursuing continuing education were interviewed.
This paper begins with the introduction to the topic of research and the
questions to be answered. The review of literature explores the theory and research
A^ch precede this study and addresses the surrounding areas of: wellness, balance,
multiple roles, stress and continuing education. <
This study has assumed a qualitative, phenomenological approach. The data
collected through the use of individual interviews were analyzed using a two-part
process. Analysis using both (a) methodological interpretation and (b) The Listening
Guide method has allowed for the uncovering of major themes, and the portrayal of
each participant's unique experience.
Some of the major themes which emerged from this research include:
wellness as multidimensional and fluctuating, making personal sacrifices, the
presence of stress, professional as a vital role, and continuing education as something
for me. Perhaps the most significant finding this research has identified is the
positive role continuing education can hold in the lives of women already negotiating
multiple commitments. The notion that continuing education can act as a means of
enhancing perceptions of wellness and balance holds a number of implications in
theory, practice, and for future research.


title: Training distribution and the acquisition of maximal isometric elbow flexion strength

subject:
Physical education and training.
Isometric exercise.
Isometric exercise
Muscle strength
Neuroplasticity.
Elbow.
Electromyography.

abstract:
Twenty-six sedentary, college-aged females were matched and randomly assigned
to one of two groups. The massed group (n=13) completed 15 maximal isometric elbow
flexion strength trials in one session, while the distributed group (n=13) performed five
such contractions on three successive days. After a two-week and three month rest
interval, both groups returned to perfonn another five maximal isometric elbow flexion
strength trials to assess retention of any potential strength gains. Elbow flexion torque
and surface electromyography (SEMG) of the biceps and triceps were monitored
concurrently. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in strength in both groups from
block one (first five contractions) to block four (first retest) and from block one to block
five (second retest). Both groups exhibited a similar linear increasing (P < 0.05) trend in
biceps root-mean-square (RMS) SEMG amplitude. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in
triceps RMS SEMG amplitude was found between block one and block four for the
distributed group. However, a significant (P < 0.05) increase was then found between
block one and five for the massed group, and between blocks four and five for distributed
group. These results suggest that there is flexibility in resistive exercise schedules. An
increase in neural drive to the agonist muscle continued throughout testing. This was
accompanied by a reduction in antagonist co activation that was a short-tenn (two weeks)
training effect, dissipated over the longer rest interval (three months).


title: Sensitivities of Ontario isolates of Venturia inaequalis to metiram /

subject:
Apple scab.
EBDC (Fungicide)

abstract:
The effects of metiram (Polyram 80 DF) on the growth of Venturia inaequalis, cause of
apple scab, and the degradation of metiram were examined in culture media. Samples of V.
inaequalis conidia were collected from nine orchards in 1998 and six orchards in 1999 and tested
for sensitivity. Samples were plated on water agar amended with metiram or mancozeb. Mean
EC50 values (effective concentration of fungicide required to inhibit germination of half the
conidia) for each population were calculated. The mean EC50 values for metiram ranged from
0.26 - 1.20 ^ig metiram a.i./ml, with differences (Student Newman Keul's Test (SNK), a=0.05)
between populations. EC50 values for mancozeb ranged from 0.06 - 0.58 which were also
different (SNK, a=0.05). Five of these populations were examined for mycelial growth
sensitivity to metiram by testing 30 monoconidial isolates from each population on metiram
amended potato dextrose agar. Mean EC50 values for populations were calculated and ranged
from 3.44-5.94 |ig metiram/ml, and showed differences (Friedman Test, a=0.05). As the EC50
values obtained are far less than the concentrations applied in the field, results indicate that
Ontario populations of V. inaequalis are still sensitive to metiram and mancozeb.
The stability of metiram in PDA at 22°C was studied over a 10-day period. The initial
concentration of metiram decreased by approximately 50% within the first day, and continued to
decline slowly, to approximately 20% of the initial concentration. The factors possibly affecting
initial metiram degradation, including agar, heat, and the use of glass or polystyrene Petri dish
composition were examined. The effects from the polystyrene in the Petri dish composition were
negligible, however more studies must be done to examine metiram degradation during the first
24 hours of preparation.


title: The role of water in determining structure and function of macromolecules and macromolecular assemblies /

subject: Macromolecules Water.

abstract:
The interaction of biological molecules with water is an important determinant of structural
properties both in molecular assemblies, and in conformation of individual macromolecules. By
observing the effects of manipulating the activity of water (which can be accomplished by
limiting its concentration or by adding additional solutes, "osmotic stress"), one can learn
something about intrinsic physical properties of biological molecules as well as measure an
energetic contribution of closely associated water molecules to overall equilibria in biological
reactions. Here two such studies are reported. The first of these examines several species of
lysolipid which, while present in relatively low concentrations in biomembranes, have been
shown to affect many cellular processes involving membrane-protein or membrane-membrane
interactions. Monolayer elastic constants were determined by combining X-ray diffraction and
the osmotic stress technique. Spontaneous radii of curvature of lysophosphatidylcholines were
determined to be positive and in the range +30A to +70A, while lysophosphatidylethanolamines
proved to be essentially flat. Neither lysolipid significantly affected the bending modulus of the
monolayer in which it was incorporated. The second study examines the role of water in theprocess of polymerization of actin into filaments. Water activity was manipulated by adding
osmolytes and the effect on the equilibrium dissociation constant (measured as the criticalmonomer concentration) was determined. As water activity was decreased, the critical
concentration was reduced for Ca-actin but not for Mg-actin, suggesting that 10-12 fewer water
molecules are associated with Ca-actin in the polymerized state. Thisunexpectedly small amount
of water is discussed in the context of the common structural motif of a nucleotide binding cleft.


title: The significance of volatile antifungal metabolites produced by trichomerma harzianum biotype Th4, in green-mould disease of commercial mushroom crops /

subject:
Mushrooms, Edible
Mushroom culture.
Fungal metabolites.
Metabolism, Secondary.

abstract:
The aggressive mushroom competitor, Trichoderma harzianum biotype Th4,
produces volatile antifungal secondary metabolites both in culture and during the
disease cycle in compost. Th4 cultures produced one such compound only when
cultured in the presence of Agaricus bisporus mycelium or liquid medium made
from compost colonised with A. bisporus. This compound has TLC and UVabsorption
and characteristics indicating that it belongs to a class of pyrone
antibiotics characterised from other T. harzianum biotypes. UV absorption spectra
indicated this compound was not 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-one (6PAP), the volatile
antifungal metabolite widely described in Th1. Furthermore, this compound was
not produced by Th1 under any culture conditions. Mycelial growth of A. bisporus,
Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotium cepivorum was inhibited in the presence of this
compound through volatility , diffusion and direct application. This indicates that
Th4 produces novel, volatile, antifungal metabolites in the presence of A. bisporus
that are likely involved in green mould disease of mushroom crops.


title: An analysis of students' travel motivations and images of China as a tourist destination

subject:
Tourism
Canadian students
Geographical perception.

abstract:
Despite China's rapid growth in inbound tourism, the nature of its Canadian tourist
market has been insufficiently studied. In response to this need, the objectives of this
study are to identify China's destination image in Canadian students' minds, their
possible internal motivations for visiting China as well as examining demographic
influences on people's destination image formation. The study reviews image formation
process and travel motivation categorisation, discusses their relationship, and implements
Baloglu and McCleary's (1999) perceptual and affective image formation model and
"push and pull factors" theory as its framework. A self-administered survey was applied
to 424 undergraduate students in a Canadian university in early 2004. Exploratory factor
analyses were conducted to identify perceived images and travel motivation. Summated
means were calculated to illustrate the affective attitudes. A series of f-test and ANOVA
tests were employed to examine the influence of demographics. An open-ended question
format was adopted to analyse other images, motivations and visitation barriers that
students may have. Findings demonstrate that cultural and natural attractions are the
predominant image which the Canadian students have of China'; some stereotypes and
negative images still influence the students' perception; travel service quality is largely
unknown; increasing knowledge and seeking excitement and fun are the significant
motivators in the likelihood of the Canadian students choosing to visit China; and
personal interests may be a factor that significantly influences an individual's destination
image and travel motivation. Raising awareness and increasing familiarity through
promotion are suggested as methods to create a positive destination image of China.


title: Assessing the influence of irrigation and fertigation on fruit composition, vine performance and wine quality in a cool, humid climate /

subject:
Grapes
Grapes
Viticulture
Wine and wine making

abstract:
A study was devised to evaluate influences of irrigation and fertigation practices on Vitis
vinifera and Vitis labruscana grapes in the Niagara Peninsula. A modified FAO Penman-
Monteith evapotranspiration formula was used to calculate water budgets and schedule
irrigations. Five deficit irrigation treatments (non-irrigated control; deficits imposed postbloom,
lag phase, and veraison; fiiU season irrigation) were employed in a Chardonnay vineyard.
Transpiration rate (4-7 /xg H20/cmVs) and soil moisture data demonstrated that the control and
early deficit treatments were under water stress throughout the season. The fiiU season irrigation
treatment showed an 18% (2001) and 19% (2002) increase in yield over control due to increased
berry weight. Soluble solids and wine quality were not compromised, and the fiiU season
treatment showed similar or higher °Brix than all other treatments. Berry titratable acidity andpH also fell within acceptable levels for all five treatments.
Irrigation/fertigation timing trials were conducted on Concord and Niagara vines in 2001-
02. The six Concord treatments consisted of a non-irrigated control, irrigation fi^om Eichhom
and Lorenz (EL) stage 12 to harvest, and four fertigation treatments which applied 70 kg/ha urea.
The nine Niagara treatments included a non-irrigated control, two irrigated treatments (ceasing at
veraison and harvest, respectively) and six fertigation treatments of various durations. Slight
yield increases (ca. 10% in Concord; 29% in Niagara) were accompanied by small decreases in
soluble solids (1.5°Brix), and methyl anthranilate concentrations. Transpiration rate and soil
moisture (1 1.9-16.3%) data suggested that severe water stress was present in these Toledo clay
based vineyards.


title: Descartes' Meditations : can the idea of God be derived from a meditation on the will and substance?

subject:
Descartes, René, 1596-1650.
God


title: Diversity among bacteria causing blotch disease on the commercial mushroom, agaricus bisporus /

subject:
Cultivated mushroom
Bacterial diseases of plants.

abstract:
A total of 251 bacterial isolates were isolated from blotched mushroom samples
obtained from various mushroom farms in Canada. Out of 251 stored isolates, 170
isolates were tested for pathogenicity on Agaricus bisporus through mushroom rapid
pitting test with three distinct pathotypes observed: dark brown, brovm and
yellow/yellow-brown blotch.
Phenotypic analysis of 83 isolates showed two distinct proteinase K resistant
peptide profiles. Profile group A isolates exhibited peptides with masses of 45, 18, 16
and 14 kDa and fiirther biochemical tests identified them as Pseudomonasfluorescens III
and V. Profile group B isolates lacked the 16-kDa peptide and the blotch causing
bacterial isolates of this group was identified as Serratia liquefaciens and Cedecea
davisae.
Comparative genetic analysis using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism
(AFLP) on 50 Pseudomonas sp. isolates (Group A) showed that various blotch symptoms
were caused by isolates distributed throughout the Pseudomonas sp. clusters with the
exception of the Pseudomonas tolaasii group and one non-pathogenic Pseudomonas
fluorescens cluster. These results show that seven distinct Pseudomonas sp. genotypes
(genetic clusters) have the ability to cause various symptoms of blotch and that AFLP can
discriminate blotch causing from non-blotch causing Pseudomonasfluorescens.
Therefore, a complex of diverse bacterial organisms causes bacterial blotch disease


title: The effects of gramicidin on the structure of phospholipid assemblies /

subject: Gramicidins. Phospholipids.

abstract:
Gramicidin is an antibiotic peptide that can be incorporated into the monolayers of
cell membranes. Dimerization through hydrogen bonding between gramicidin monomers
in opposing leaflets of the membrane results in the formation of an iontophoretic channel.
Surrounding phospholipids, with various associated mechanical properties, have been
shown to influence the gating properties of this channel. Conversely, gramicidin
incorporation has been shown to affect the structure of spontaneously formed lipid
assemblies. Using small-angle x-ray diffraction and model systems composed of
phospholipids and gramicidin, the physical effects incurred by gramicidin incorporation
were measured.
The reverse hexagonal (H^) phase composed of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
(DOPE) monolayers decreased in lattice dimension with increasing incorporation of
gramicidin. This indicated that gramicidin was adding negative curvature to the
monolayers. In this system, gramicidin was measured to have an apparent intrinsic radius
of curvature (Rop*™") of -7. 1 A. The addition of up to 4 mol% gramicidin in mixtures with
DOPE did not result in the monolayers becoming stiffer, as indicated by unaltered bending
moduli for each composition.
Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) alone forms the lamellar (LJ phase when
hydrated, but undergoes a transition into the H^ phase when mixed with gramicidin. The
lattice repeat dimension decreases systematically with increased gramicidin content. Again,
this indicated that gramicidin was adding negative curvature to the monolayers. At 12
mol% gramicidin in mixtures with DOPC, the apparent radius of intrinsic curvature of
gramicidin (Rop*"^) was measured to be -7.4 A. This mixture formed monolayers that were
very resistant to bending under osmotic pressure, with a measured bending modulus of 1 15
kT.
The measurements made in this study demonstrate that peptides are able to modulate
the spontaneous curvature and other mechanical properties of phospholipid assemblies.


title: ESI-MS[n] of anticancer pt[iv] organoamido complexes and their interactions with DNA-model compounds /

subject: Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

subject: Organoplatinum compounds.

subject: Antineoplastic agents.

abstract:
The general solution behaviour and" the major fragmentation pathways of the anticanceractive
PtIV coordination complexes, trans, trans, cis, cis-[PtCIOH{N(pFC6F4)
CH2h(pY)2] (1), trans, cis, cis-[Pt(OH)2{N(p-FC6F4)CH2h(Py)2] (2), trans, cis,
cis-[Pt(OH)2{N(p-HC6F4)CH2h(Py)2] (3), trans, trans, cis, cis-[PtCIOH{N(pHC6F4)
CH2h(Py)2] (4), and trans, trans, cis, cis-[PtOH(OCH3){N(p-HC6F4)CH2h(PY)2]
(5) (Py = pyridine) have been deduced by positive-ion tandem-in-time ESI-MS. Overall,
the acquired full-scan, positive-ion ESI-MS spectra of 2, 3, and 5 were characterized by
the presence of relatively low-intensity [M+Nar and [M+Kt mass spectral peaks,
whereas those of 1 and 4 were dominated by extremely intense [M+Hr peaks.
Complexes 2 and 3 were also noted to form [2M+Ht and [2M+Nat dilneric cations. The
source of Na + and K+ ions is believed to be the sample, the solvent systems used or the
transport line carrying the sample solutions into the ES ion source. Further, the
fragmentation pathway of all complexes studied was found to be almost identical with
concurrent loss of py and H20 molecules, loss of a {N(p-YC6F4)CH2} (Y = F, H) group
and/or concomitant release of the latter group and a py ligand being the most conunon.
The photochemical degradation behaviour of 1 and 2 was also investigated using either
fluorescent or ultraviolet light and some products of that degradation were positively
identified. Altogether, light irradiation of solutions of both complexes resulted in cation
cationisation, reductive-elimination, ligand-release, ligand-exchange and ligand-addition
reactions. Finally, positive- and negative-ion ESI-MSn spectra of 5' -GMP, guanosine,
inosine and products of their reactions with 1, 2,3, and 4 were also recorded. On the whole, full-scan ESI-MS spectra of the pure nucleobases revealed the presence of
cationic and anionic species that are highly reflective of both their solution ionic
composition and their propensity t9 form polymeric clusters. Analyses of mass spectra
acquired from their reaction solutions with the aforementioned platinum complexes
indicated very slow kinetics. However, all complexes investigated formed, to various
degrees, Pt-nucleobase adducts with guanosine and inosine, but not with 5'-GMP. The
products included species having coordination numbers of III, IV, V, and VI, among
which the first-time· observed, coordinatively saturated, jive-coordinate PtlI-nucleobase
complexes were of most interest. The latter complexes are presumably stabilized by 7tback-
donation involving the filled d orbitals of the PtII centre and the empty pz· orbital of
MeCN. All products, whose peaks appeared inlull-scan ESI-MS spectra, are believed to
represent solution species rather than artifacts of gas-phase processes. Finally, negativeion
ESI-MSn spectra recorded in reaction solutions of 1 and 4 with guanosine and of the
latter complex with inosine revealed the negative-ion-ESI-MS first-time observed, noncovalent,
nucleoside-chloride adducts, with the source of chloride anion being complexes
1 and 4 theillselves. In contrast, no such adducts were observed to form with Na25'-GMP
or its protonated fonn. Few suggestions are offered for the possible cause(s) behind the
absence of such adduct ions.


title: Exact property estimation from diffusion Monte Carlo with minimal stochastic reconfiguration /

subject:
Monte Carlo method.
Expectation-maximization algorithms.
Particles (Nuclear physics)

abstract:
Our objective is to develop a diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) algorithm to estimate
the exact expectation values, ($o|^|^o), of multiplicative operators, such as polarizabilities
and high-order hyperpolarizabilities, for isolated atoms and molecules.
The existing forward-walking pure diffusion Monte Carlo (FW-PDMC) algorithm
which attempts this has a serious bias. On the other hand, the DMC
algorithm with minimal stochastic reconfiguration provides unbiased estimates of
the energies, but the expectation values ($o|^|^) are contaminated by ^, an user
specified, approximate wave function, when A does not commute with the Hamiltonian.
We modified the latter algorithm to obtain the exact expectation values
for these operators, while at the same time eliminating the bias.
To compare the efficiency of FW-PDMC and the modified DMC algorithms
we calculated simple properties of the H atom, such as various functions of coordinates
and polarizabilities. Using three non-exact wave functions, one of moderate
quality and the others very crude, in each case the results are within statistical
error of the exact values.


title: A framework for understanding the factors that influence spectators' recall and recognition of embedded sponsorship stimuli

subject:
Sports sponsorship
Advertising
Advertising
Sports spectators.

abstract:
Now, more than ever, sponsors of athletic events demand to see evidence of a
commercial return, such as enhanced brand awareness, for their investment of cash or
non-cash resources (Lough et aI., 2000). The most common way to measure the impact of
perimeter signage (Le., any billboard or sign that displays a company's brand name
and/or logo and which surrounds the playing area) on spectators' awareness of event
sponsors has been through the use of brand name recall and recognition tests (Shilbury &
Berriman, 1996). Recall testing requires spectators to list all of the sponsors they can
remember seeing at, for example, an athletic event, strictly from memory and without any
help (Cuneen & Hannan, 1993). With recognition testing, spectators are required to
identify sponsors from a prepared list which include "dummy" brand names (i.e.,
sponsors that are present in the list but which do not actually sponsor the event). In order
to determine whether sponsors' brand awareness objectives are being met, it is important
for sport and recreation marketers to understand what influences a spectator's ability to
remember (Le., recall and/or recognize) the brand names of companies who advertise on
perimeter signage. The purpose this study was to examine the factors that influence
spectators' recall and recognition of embedded sponsorship stimuli (i.e., company brand
names on perimeter signage surrounding the play area) at a Canadian University's men's
basketball game and football game. These factors included the number of games
spectators attended over the course of the season (i.e., repeated exposure to sponsorship
stimuli), spectators' level of involvement with the event, and spectators' level of
involvement with the advertisements (i.e., perimeter signage). This study also examined
the differences between recall and recognition as a means of measuring spectators'
awareness of sponsors, and attempted to determine if there are sport differences in
spectators' recall and recognition of perimeter signage. Upon leaving the football stadium
or gymnasium, spectators were approached, at random, by trained research assistants
located at each exit and asked to complete a brief survey questionnaire. Respondents
completed the survey on-site. A total of 358 completed surveys were collected from
spectators who attended the football (N = 277) and basketball (N = 81) games. The data
suggest that football and basketball respondents recognized more sponsors' brand names
than they recalled. In addition, football respondents who were highly involved with the
event (i.e., those individuals who viewed attending the events as fun, interesting and
exciting) attended more games over the course of the season and had significantly higher
brand name recognition of sponsors who advertised on perimeter signage than those
individuals with low involvement with the athletic event. Football respondents who were
highly involved with the sponsors' advertisements (i.e., those individuals who viewed
sponsors' perimeter signage as appealing, valuable and important) had significantly
higher brand name recall of event sponsors than those individuals with low involvement
with these sponsors' advertisements. Repeated exposure to perimeter signage did not
have a significant influence on football or basketball respondents' recall or recognition of
sponsors. Finally, the data revealed that football respondents had significantly higher
recall of sponsors' brand names than basketball respondents. Conversely, basketball
respondents had significantly higher recognition of sponsors' brand names than did
football respondents.


title: An investigation into the effects of homopteran honeydew sugars versus floral nectar sugars on black fly longevity, flight performance and digestion /

subject: Simuliidae Simuliidae Simuliidae. Sugars

abstract:
Floral nectar is thought to be the primary carbohydrate source for most dipteran
species. However, it has been shown that black flies (Burgin & Hunter 1997 a,b,c),
mosquitoes (Foster 1995; Burkett et al. 1999; Russell & Hunter 2002), deer flies
(Magnarelli & Burger 1984; Janzen & Hunter 1998; Ossowski & Hunter 2000), horse
flies (Schutz & Gaugler 1989; Hunter & Ossowski 1999) and sand flies (MacVicker et al.
1990; Wallbanks et al. 1990; Cameron et al. 1992, 1995; Schlein & Jacobson 1994, 1999;
Hamilton & EI Naiem 2000) feed on homopteran honeydew as well as floral nectar.
Prior to 1997 floral nectar was thought to be the main source of carbohydrates for
black flies. However, Burgin & Hunter (1 997a) demonstrated that up to 35% of black
flies had recently consumed meals of homo pte ran honeydew. This information has
necessitated a re-assessment of many life history aspects of black flies. Attempts are
being made to examine the effects of nectar versus honeydew on black fly fecundity and
parasite transmission (Hazzard 2003). Recently, Stanfield and Hunter (unpublished data)
have shown that in female black flies, honeydew sugars produce flights of longer distance
and duration than do nectar sugars. This thesis examines two aspects of black fly biology
as it relates to sugar meal consumption. First, the effects of honeydew and nectar on
black fly longevity are examined. Second, the proximate causation behind longer flight
performances in honeydew-fed flies will be examined.
The comparison between these two sources is important because nectar is
composed of mainly simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) whereas
honeydew is composed of both simple and complex sugars (including trisaccharides and
tetrasaccharides ).


title: Leadership in higher education : a decanal perspective /

subject:
Deans (Education)
Educational leadership.
Universities and colleges
College department heads.

abstract:
This is a study which examines the roles and responsibilities of Deans,
specifically focussing on the Deans in the Faculties of Education at three Ontario
Universities - Brock University, the University of Western Ontario, and the University of
Windsor. This study examines the roles of Deans in the context of leadership and as a
management position. The initial belief of the researcher was that Deans acted as middle
managers at their institution besides being role models, scholars and leaders. Data were
collected through interviews with the various participants and through the examination
of the official job descriptions at each institution. Concepts such as leadership,
motivation, empowerment, and management are discussed in relation to the position of
Dean. The research concludes that a Dean is a leader in higher education who is
responsible for a variety of issues. Besides academic related responsibilities such as
faculty development, program development and research, a Dean is also responsible for a
wide range of administrative tasks including financial management and obligations to
external groups. As a role model and scholar, the Dean must ensure that all areas have
sufficient energies devoted to them. This creates a heavy burden on Deans as they have a
great deal of responsibilities to manage while still maintaining their role as a scholar.
The researcher concludes that the position of Dean requires additional support from the
institution. This support could be in an Associate Dean or an Executive Assistant with
training and support mechanisms on an ongoing basis.


title: Modifications to the Suzuki reaction and mechanistic insights on the NBS mediated cleavage of benzylidene acetals /

subject:
Organic compounds
Enantioselective catalysis.

abstract:
One of the most challenging tasks for a synthetic organic chemist today, is the
development of chemo, regio, and stereoselective methodologies toward the total
synthesis of macromolecules. r
.
The objective of my thesis was to develop methodologies towards this end. The
first part of my project was to develop highly functionalized chirons from D-glucose, a
cheap, chiral starting material, to be utilized in this capacity. The second part of the
project dealt with modifying the carbon-carbon bond forming Suzuki reaction, which is
utilized quite often as a means of combining molecular sub units in total synthesis applications.
As previously stated the first area of the project was to develop high value chirons
from D-glucose, but the mechanism of their formation was also investigated. The free
radical initiated oxidative fragmentation of benzylidene acetals was investigated through
the use of several test-case substrates in order to unravel the possible mechanistic
pathways. This was performed by reacting the different acetals with N-bromosuccinimide
and benzoyl peroxide in chlorobenzene at 70^C in all cases. Of the three mechanistic
pathways discussed in the literature, it was determined, from the various reaction
products obtained, that the fragmentation of the initial benzylic radical does not occur spontaneously but rather, oxidation proceeds to give the benzyl bromide, which then
fragments via a polar pathway. It was also discovered that the regioselectivity of the
fragmentation step could be altered through incorporation of an allylic system into the
benzylidene acetal. This allows for the acquisition of a new set of densely functionalized. chiral, valuable synthetic intermediates in only a few steps and in high yields from a-Dglucose.
The second part of the project was the utilization of the phosphonium salt room
temperature ionic liquid tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium chloride (THPC) as an efficient
reusable medium for the palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of aryl
halides, including aryl chlorides, under mild conditions. The cross-coupling reactions
were found to proceed in THPC containing small amounts of water and toluene using
potassium phosphate and 1% Pd2(dba)3. Variously substituted iodobenzenes, including
electron rich derivatives, reacted efficiently in THPC with a variety of arylboronic acids
and afforded complete conversion within 1 hour at 50 ^C. The corresponding aryl
bromides also reacted under these conditions with the addition of a catalytic amount of
triphenylphosphine that allowed for complete conversion and high isolated yields. The
reactions involving aryl chlorides were considerably slower, although the addition of
triphenylphosphine and heating at 70 ^C allowed high conversion of electron deficient
derivatives. Addition of water and hexane to the reaction products results in a triphasic
system in which the top hexane phase contained the biaryl products, the palladium
catalyst remained fully dissolved in the central THPC layer, while the inorganic salts
were extracted into the lower aqueous phase. The catalyst was then recycled by
removing the top and bottom layers and adding the reagents to the ionic liquid which was
heated again at 50 ^C; resulting in complete turnover of iodobenzene. Repetition of this
procedure gave the biphenyl product in 82-97% yield (repeated five times) for both the
initial and recycled reaction sequences.


title: Phospha-adamantane ligands and phosphorous ionic liquids for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions /

subject:
Organic compounds
Palladium catalysts.
Phosphine.

abstract:
New and robust methodologies have been designed for palladiumcatalyzed
cross-coupling reactions involving a library of novel tertiary phosphine
ligands incorporating a phospha-adamantane framework. The secondary phosphine,
l,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,8-trioxa-6-phospha-adamantane was converted into a small
library of tertiary phosphine derivatives and the ability of these tertiary phosphaadamantanes
to act as effective ligands in the palladium-catalyzed amination
reaction and p-alkyl-Suzuki cross-coupling was examined. l,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-6-
phenyl-2,4,8-trioxa-6-phosphaadamantane (PA-Ph) used in combination with
Pd2(dba)3 CHCI3 facilitated the reaction of an array of aryl iodides, bromides and
chlorides with a variety secondary and primary amines to give tertiary and
secondary amines respectively in good to excellent yields. 8-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-
l,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,6-trioxa-8-phospha-tricyclo[3.3.1.1*3,7*]decane
used in combination with Pd(0Ac)2 permitted the reaction of an array of alkyl
iodides, and bromides with a variety aryl boronic acids and alkyl 9-BBN
compounds in good to excellent yields. Subsequent to this work, the use of
phosphorous based ionic liquids, specifically tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium
chloride (THPC), in the Heck reaction provided good to excellent yields in the
coupling of aryl iodides and bromides with a variety of olefins.


title: Preparation of SrMgx-Ru1-xO3 thin films by pulsed laser deposition /

subject:
Thin films.
Pulsed laser deposition.

abstract:
SrMg^Rui-iOa thin films were made by using pulsed laser deposition on
SrTiOa (100) substrates in either O2 or Ar atmosphere. The thin films
were characterized by x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis,
dc resistivity measurement, and dc magnetization measurement. The
effect of Mg doping was observed. As soon as the amount of Mg increased in
SrMg-cRui-iOa thin films, the magnetization decreased, and the resistivity
increased. It had little effect on the Curie temperature (transition temperature).
The magnetization states of SrMgiRui-iOa thin films, for x < 0.15,
are similar to SrRuOs films. X-ray diffraction results for SrMga-Rui-iOa
thin films made in oxygen showed that the films are epitaxial. The thin films
could not be well made in Ar atmosphere during laser ablation as there was
no clear peak of SrMg^Rui-iOa in x-ray diffraction results. Substrate temperatures
had an effect on the resistivity of the films. The residual resistivity
ratios were increased by increasing substrate temperature. It was observed
that the thickness of thin films are another factor for film quality: Thin films
were epitaxial, but thicker films were not epitaxial.


title: Pressure dependence of superconducting properties of MgB2 /

subject:
Magnesium diboride.
Superconductors.
Superconductivity.

abstract:
We prepared samples of MgB2 and ran sets of experiments aimed for investigation of
superconducting properties under pressure. We found the value of pressure derivative
of the transition temperature -1.2 ± 0.05 K/GPa. Then, using McMillan formula, we
found that the main contribution to the change of the transition temperature under the
pressure is due to the change in phonon frequencies. Griineisen parameter was calculated
to be 7g = 2.4. Our results suggest that MgB2 is a conventional superconductor.


title: Carbohydrate refeeding rapidly reverses the adaptive upregulation of human skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase following a high fat diet

subject:
Pyruvate kinase.
Muscle proteins.
Carbohydrates in human nutrition.

abstract:
The time course for the reversal of the adaptive increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase
kinase (PDK) activity following a 6d high fat diet (HP: 4.2 ± 0.2 % carbohydrate;
75.6 ± 0.4 % fat; 19.5 ± 0.8 % protein) was investigated in human skeletal muscle
(vastus lateralis). HF feeding increased PDK activity by 44% (from 0.081 ± 0.025
min"' to 0.247 ± 0.025 mm\p < 0.05). Following carbohydrate re-feeding, (88%
carbohydrate; 5% fat; 7% protein), PDK activity had returned to baseline (0.111 ±
0.014 min"') within 3h of re-feeding. The active fraction of pyruvate dehydrognease
(PDHa) was depressed following 6d of the HF diet (from 0.89 ± 0.21 mmol/min/kg
WW to 0.32 ± 0.05 mmol/min/kg ww,p <0.05) and increased to pre-HF levels by 45
min of post re-feeding (0.74 ±0.19 mmol/min/kg ww) and remained elevated for 3h.
Western blotting analysis of the PDK isoforms, PDK4 and PDK2, revealed a 31%
increase in PDK4 protein content following the HF diet, with no change in PDK2
protein. This adaptive increase in PDK4 protein content was reversed with
carbohydrate re-feeding. It was concluded that the adaptive up-regulation in PDK
activity and PDK4 protein content was fiilly reversed by 3h following carbohydrate
re-feeding.