title: Calcium: Knowledge and perceptions of Calgary interfaith food bank clients

contributor:
Hawkins, Catherine Nicole (author)
(Johnson, Shanthi) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2004

abstract: Research has shown that food bank use is an indicator  of food insecurity status and low income. Furthermore,  calcium has been identified as a mineral of concern in  these populations. The purpose of this study was to examine  a food bank populationâ€™s attitudes and perceptions of  physical activity, nutrition and calcium.  The sample consisted of 197 individuals. Researchers developed an exploratory questionnaire to assess clientsâ€™ perceptions of general health, physical activity, nutrition and calcium intake and knowledge.  Findings revealed that 71.1% of participants  identified price as the main factor influencing food  selection. Nearly 50% of respondents felt that their intake  did not meet their nutritional needs and 20.3% were unaware  of their nutritional needs. Over 75.1% of participants  perceived calcium as an important nutrient; however, 47.2%  believed that their intakes were insufficient and 15.7%  were not sure of their calcium needs. More men were  uncertain of calcium sources (p=0.022) and more women  selected cost as a barrier to calcium consumption  (p=0.009). These results indicate a need for education  services for food bank users to promote economical sources  of calcium as an important component of a balanced diet.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: Escherichia coli in an estuary system: Sources of clam contaimination and assimilative capacity for fecal coliforms

type: Text Dissertation/Thesis

contributor:
MacDonald, Clayton A. (author)
(Bezanson, Greg) (Thesis advisor)
(Daborn, Graham) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

rights: The author grants permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. The author retains the copyright of the thesis.

subject: LE3 .A278 2004

abstract: This study represents an attempt to identify the source(s) of E. coli contamination of the soft shelled clams, Mya aerenia, of Thornes Cove, Annapolis County, NS. Fresh and marine water, marine sediments, clams and gulls (Larus sp) were screened for their carriage of E. coil. Fresh water flowing into the cove consistently tested positive for E. coli over the 91 day sampling period, displaying an average density of 79 cfu/100ml (n=7). On the 79th day, a rainfall of >66mm in the 48 hours prior to sampling resulted in an 8 fold increase to 625 cfu/100ml (n=2). This was mirrored in marine water, with E. coli increasing 6 fold from an average of 85 cfu/100ml (n=3) to 496 cfu/100ml on day 79 (n=3). Shallow marine samples, on average, had a greater densities, than deeper water samples. E. coli densities in clams also increased from an average of 44 cfu/25g (n=2) to 300cfu/25g during the heavy E. coli insult. Marine sediment carried E. coli at an average density of 662 cfu/25g. DNA typing analysis of a representative number of E. coli isolates from all sources using restriction fragment length polymorphism-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (RFLP-PFGE) and subsequent quantification of the resultant pulsotypes suggested that a high degree of similarity (Dice coefficient > 0.70) exists between clam and gull isolates. The assimilative capacity of the Thornes Cove estuary for water-borne bacteria was examined by calculating the ratios of E. coli and culturable aerobic bacteria (CAB) to total cell counts (acridine orange direct counts, AODC), ( i.e. culturability ratio). During a period of rainfall-induced runoff, the E. coli / AODC ratio increased 10 fold in fresh water and 35 fold in marine water. Twelve days later these values returned to pre-insult levels, indicating a high capacity to remove these bacteria. The fresh water CAB / AODC ratio increased 10 fold during this insult, but remained at increased levels 12 days later with only a 20 % reduction. In marine water, the CAB/ AODC ratio increased 5 fold during the insult, and continued to remain at an increased level 12 days later as well with only a 12% decrease.

abstract: Biology


title: One year of resistance exercise improves neutrophil activity in older individuals

contributor:
Clace, Denyse T. Bower (author)
(Murphy, René) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2004

abstract: Muscle wasting or sarcopenia has been linked to a loss of independence in the elderly and  has been associated with age-related changes in immune function. Neutrophils are  important leukocytes of the innate immune system and play a vital role in the immune  response. Resistance training is important to maintain muscle mass and strength. We  examined the effects of a year long home-based strength training program on neutrophil  oxidative burst activity and associated cytokine and hormone concentrations in 32 retired  individuals. Approximately 30 min long resistance exercise sessions were prescribed  three times a week. Neutrophils were isolated using Ficoll-PaqueÂ® centrifugation and  the oxidative burst activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Circulating levels of  hormones and cytokines were measured using ultrasensitive ELISA kits. After a year of  training, muscle strength and neutrophil oxidative burst activity increased significantly  for the whole group as well as the ten individuals diagnosed with arthritis. The increase  was accompanied by increased plasma concentration of Growth Hormone and decreased  circulating concentrations of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-6.  Differences in some cytokine concentrations were noted for the participants with arthritis  although these were not found to be statistically significant. While vigorous exercise or  inactivity suppresses various immune response parameters, our results suggest that  participation in a moderate intensity resistance training program not only increases  strength but also promotes neutrophil activity and has a positive impact on the innate  immune response of older adults.

abstract: Biology


title: Synchronization of the cardiac heart with the posterior lymph hearts, as well as bilateral lymph heart synchrony of the cane toad, Bufo marinus (L.)

contributor:
Coolidge, Emily H. (author)
(Toews, Dan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2004

abstract: Early investigations into lymph hearts had established that their contractions were  neither synchronous with the systemic heart, lungs, nor each other. However, recent  studies have concluded that there exists a synchronization between the cardiac heart and  lymph hearts of the aquatic anuran, Rana catesbeiana, and synchronization of the  posterior lymph hearts. This study investigates the degree of bilateral lymph heart  synchrony, as well as cardiac heart to lymph heart synchrony, in the terrestrial anuran,  Bufo marinus, in order to establish the degree of synchronization in the toad lymphatic  system. Recorded pressure peaks were produced through surgical cannulation of the  ischiatic artery and each posterior lymph heart, and subsequently analyzed to determine  time differences between arterial diastole and lymph heart systole, or between two  bilateral lymph heart systoles. Results show that there is a definite synchronization  between the lymph heart systoles of two bilateral posterior lymph hearts. The findings of  cardiac to lymph heart synchrony also support a degree of synchronization, even though  the lymph hearts beat up to three times as fast as the cardiac heart. These results support  that synchrony is characteristic of the anuran lymphatic system, and that synchronization  of the cardiac heart and lymph heart could impart an energetic advantage that benefits  homeostatic mechanisms and may indicate shared neural control of the cardiac and  lymphatic systems.

abstract: Biology


title: Rat skeletal muscle Na+, K+ -atpase content and activity, with and without exercise following spinal cord transection

contributor:
Freeman, Erinn L.E. (author)
(Fowles, Jonathon) (Thesis advisor)
(Murphy, René) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2004

abstract: Spinal cord injury is associated with muscle atrophy and decreased cross-sectional  area, as well as a transition in muscle fibre type from Type I to Type II muscle fibres.  The transition from one muscle fibre type to another is brought about by a transition in  myosin heavy chain subunits, an event which is apparent when the functional demand on  a muscle is altered, as well as under other circumstances. Studies have shown that  exercise after spinal cord injury can decrease the extent of muscle atrophy and increase  muscle fibre cross-sectional area. Studies have also shown that muscle activity (ie.  exercise and/or training), in contrast to muscle inactivity, can increase the concentration  and activity of the Na+, K+-ATPase, a skeletal muscle fibre membrane protein whose  enzymatic activity is responsible for maintaining a chemical gradient of Na+ and K+  across the sarcolemma. In doing so this enzyme restores resting membrane potential and  maintains muscle membrane excitability, which is necessary for the continuation of  muscle activity. This said it was the goal of this study to quantify the changes in the Na+,  K+-ATPase concentration and activity following acute spinal cord transection with and  without exercise to see if the changes that occurred in the muscle were related to changes  that occurred in the enzyme. In this study spinal cord transection was used as a model of  spinal cord injury. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of five  experimental groups: control 4 day (Con4), control 8 day (Con8), transected 4 day (Tx4),  transected 8 day (Tx8), and transected with exercise 8 day (TxEx8). A complete spinal  cord transection was performed at the T10 vertebra. Those rats assigned to the exercise  group began passive, motor-driven cycling 5 days after surgery for 60 min/day for three  days. Results showed that transection significantly reduced the muscle mass of the  studied hindlimb muscles, and a significant decrease was noted in the muscle to body  xii  mass ratios. Exercise was not observed to have an effect on the muscle size or muscle to  body mass ratio. Although there was no significance found with any enzymatic measures  there was an observed initial trend for a decrease in Na+, K+-ATPase concentration, which  was not paralleled by a decrease in enzymatic activity. Exercise was not observed to have  an effect on the enzymatic measures. This study indicates that other cellular mechanisms  which could influence the enzyme may be active following spinal cord transection and,  therefore, more research is warranted to clearly understand both the cascade of events  which occurs acutely following spinal cord transection and the involvement of the Na+,  K+-ATPase in these events.

abstract: Biology


title: Optical bistability and soliton switching in an optical ring cavity

contributor:
Oliver, Eric Curtis John (author)
(Teismann, Holger) (Thesis advisor)
(Robertson, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2004

abstract: This thesis presents the theory of the driven optical ring cavity containing a nonlinear  material. First, an overview of the history of bistability and spatial solitons  in driven nonlinear cavities is outlined. Then, the basic theory of the optical Kerr  effect is presented and two of its consequences are outlined: optical bistability and  spatial solitons. Within this background, the mirror feedback model is derived from  the Maxwell-Bloch equations and considerations of the classical optics of the cavity.  This model is analytically shown to exhibit bistability in the plane wave case.  The mean-field model is subsequently derived by applying the mean-field limit to the  Maxwell-Bloch equations and the cavity optics. In addition, the mean-field model is  analytically shown to exhibit bistability in the plane wave case. Numerical simulations  are performed on the mean-field model demonstrating the existence of: (i) plane  wave bistability, (ii) transverse modulational bistability, (iii) the ability to â€œswitchâ€  between bistable states in both the plane wave and modulated case, (iv) instabilities  in the modulated case and (v) the possibility for optimization of the switching  process. Finally, an application of bistable driven cavities is explored: an all-optical  digital information processor and storage device.

abstract: Physics


title: Should Iceland join the European Union?

contributor:
Gudmundsson, Gudmundur Arnar (author)
(Davies, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2004

abstract: There are many benefits and costs for Iceland associated with a full  membership to the European Union (EU). This is so because the country is currently  a member of the inner European market through the European Economic Area  agreement (EEA). It is, therefore, already enjoying most of the benefits a full  membership has to offer. This work focuses on six areas of importance when  contemplating whether Iceland should change its EU relations to full EU membership.  They are how Iceland’s fisheries, agriculture, sovereignty and economy will be  affected along with how much the country would have to contribute financially to the  EU as a member and finally how desirable EU’s future is for Iceland. By examining  other countries’ experiences, the costs currently out-weigh the benefits were the  country to join the EU. The conclusion is, therefore, that Iceland should not join the  EU, continue to rely on the EEA agreement to secure its EU relations and keep a close  eye on EU’s development without ruling out future membership.

abstract: Economics


title: Imminent violence on a pre-trial assessment unit: Contrasting violent and non-violent inpatients

contributor:
Holmes, Heather L. (author)
(Starzomski, Andrew) (Thesis advisor)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2004

abstract: Although there is a vast amount of research in the area of violence and risk assessments,  the topic of imminent violence predictions within psychiatric facilities has been  neglected. This study examined demographic and behavioural differences between  violent and non-violent patients on a pre-trial assessment unit. Data were collected from  the hospital charts of 35 randomly selected patients (15 charts belonged to patients who  were violent while on the unit and 20 belonged to non-violent patients). Results  indicated that the two groups differed very little demographically and in the mean  number of appropriate behaviours displayed while on the unit; however, the two groups  differed on Axis 1 diagnoses. The violent group was found to have a longer assessment  period and also displayed a higher number of problematic behaviours than the nonviolent  group, indicating that violent and non-violent patients differ on a number of  behavioural variables.

abstract: Psychology


title: Epistemic humility and evidential arguments from evil

contributor:
Anderson, David J. (author)
(Wilks, Ian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Evidential arguments from evil (for atheism) have been the focus of much  attention in contemporary philosophy of religion. I begin by closely examining the very  influential early arguments of William Rowe. Stephen Wykstra proposes a condition  Rowe's argument must meet, which he labels CORNEA. After explicating and defending  CORNEA, I endeavor to show that a recognition of our cognitive limitations (through a  position I label 'epistemic humility' keeps Rowe's argument from satisfying the  condition and hence keeps it from ultimately succeeding. I consider and reject a very  recent objection to the arguments I endorse and then conclude by distinguishing those  arguments from the position known as 'skeptical theism'.

abstract: Philosophy


title: The genetic basis of self-incompatibility in Campanula rapunculoides

contributor:
Majumder, Dalia (author)
(Good-Avila, Sara) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The majority of Angiosperms exhibit some degree of self-incompatibility  (SI). However, the genetic mechanism underlying SI has only been identified in a  few plant families. Among these families, the basis for SI in understood in the  Solanaceae and Rosaceae (gametophytic SI), and the Asteraceae and  Brassicaceae (sporophytic SI) families. For those with gametophytic SI (GSI), a  shared S-RNase based mechanism is reported in three plant families including  the two mentioned above. The phylogenetic placement of Campanulaceae  depicts it as more closely related to the Asteraceae, despite belonging in the  same suborder as the Solanaceae. This therefore suggests that Campanulaceae  could possess either type of SI. Thus, using the creeping bellflower, Campanula  rapunculoides this project 1) assesses the type of SI response operating in the  Campanulaceae. Next, 2) S-phenotypes are assigned based on the crosscompatibility  category of the individuals from the breeding data. The segregation  of these S-phenotypes is examined 3) using IEF gel electrophoresis and 4) 2-D  gel electrophoresis. These verify the presence of polymorphic bands and present  a series of potential S-loci. However, difficulty with the 2-D techniques prevented  more definitive polymorphism from being identified. Finally, using the same IEF  gel electrophoresis techniques, C. rapunculoides is determined not to have an SRNase  based mechanism of SI as found in the Rosaceae. Thus, this study  confirms that C. rapunculoides has a genetically based SI system and having  ruled out the S-RNase mechanism lays open the need to investigate wider areas  of its protein segregation.

abstract: Biology


title: Quantification of fine scale genetic structure in a peripheral population of Blanding's turtle (Emydodidea blandingii) in Pleasant River, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Toews, David P. (author)
(Herman, Tom) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The Nova Scotia population of Blandingâ€™s turtle is small and geographically isolated.  Because it is outside the speciesâ€™ main range, it may be subject to unique selective pressures and  may sustain unique biodiversity important to the species survival. Within Nova Scotia, genetic  structuring has been demonstrated among three geographically distinct sub-populations. Earlier  work in one of these sub-populations (Pleasant River) detected apparent structuring at an even  finer scale, despite the lack of apparent physical reproductive barriers. This project aims to  confirm and document the extent of this fine scale genetic structuring. DNA extracted from four  concentrations within Pleasant River (n=44) was obtained by blood sampling and epithelial  scraping. Quantification of microsatellite variation is one of the most widely used measures of  genetic variability and is presently the marker of choice for genetic analysis of this population .  With the addition of sample size and loci to data from earlier work, we confirm two genetically  distinguishable concentrations (FST = 0.13659) within the sampled area, separated by only a short  distance (<5km). Differentiation to varying degrees was also found between the other sampled  concentrations. Data from the present study indicate that the degree of connectivity of suitable  aquatic habitat may contribute to the pattern of genetic structure observed in Pleasant River.  This study suggests that conservation and management efforts expended on the Nova Scotia  population of Blandingâ€™s turtle should encapsulate naturally occurring â€œmanagement unitsâ€ on a  spatial scale of <5km.

abstract: Biology


title: Life, a labour of love

contributor:
Doyle, Elizabeth Anne (author)
(Ramsay, Marc) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: In this thesis, I will attempt to prove that the kind of life a person leads results in a certain  attitude towards death. I want to explore the attitudes of fear and acceptance and the  kinds of lives which result in these attitudes.  My theory is that those who have led meaningful lives â€“ lives wherein they have affirmed  something which even the prospect of their death cannot destroy; cannot nullify â€“ may  accept death simpliciter â€“ i.e. without the need for qualification. For them, death is not  something to be feared, even if it represents â€œno more chances,â€ because they have lived  the right sort of life. Thus, they do not need any more chances to get it right; they do not  feel as though they wasted their lives. In other words, death does not threaten the quality  of their lives, only its quantity.  By contrast, those who have affirmed nothing as more valuable than survival â€“ those who  have, essentially, lived the â€œwrongâ€ kind of life (by their own standards) â€“ will have an  unnatural fear of death, especially when confronted with its imminence. By â€œunnatural  fearâ€ I mean a fear which goes beyond a useful fear of the uncertain; I mean a fear which  dominates, if not paralyzes, the fearerâ€™s life. Those who experience this unnatural fear of  death will view death as destroyer of life, because when faced with the prospect of no  more chances to do things right, the fearer realizes he has wasted his time â€“ his life â€“ and  he cannot get it back. Thus, how we view death is greatly influenced by how we view the  quality of our lives. If we have done what we have wanted to with our time, the only  thing left to fear is time.  My primary concern is with those who experience an unnatural fear of death. I will begin  by examining the kind of life which results in this attitude. By using this method, we may  come to identify the key factors which contribute to this fear. My suspicion is that those  who have an unnatural fear of death are those whose lives are characterized by fear of  uncertainty and need for control. I do not want to stop with the mere identification of  these factors, however. I do not want the fearer to remain in fear. I want him to overcome  the tyranny of fear so that he may open himself to uncertainty and come to accept death;  and, by that same token, come to lead a life concerned with meaning. My theory is that in  order to do this, he needs both consciousness of his condition and an affirmation of  something more valuable than survival. Consciousness enables him to identify his  condition and affirmation enables him to transcend it.

abstract: Philosophy


title: An immunohistochemical study of the expression of relaxin-3 and the relaxin receptor LGR-7 in the Killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus

contributor:
Fletcher, Emily K. (author)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Previous bioinformatic analyses have indicated the presence of relaxin 3, believed to be the ancestral form of the relaxin family of peptides, in teleost fish. Previous western blot evidence showed that relaxin 3 is expressed in brain, ovary and gut of killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. In this study, immunohistochemical experiments were done to identify specific areas in the killifish brain expressing relaxin 3 and one of its receptors, LGR 7 (leucine-rich G-protein coupled receptor 7). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against human relaxin 3 and LGR 7 were used to immunostain slide-mounted serial, coronal sections of killifish brain. Relaxin 3 and LGR 7 staining was observed in key areas mediating visual perception and visually guided behaviours. In addition, structures involved with integrating information from the lateral line system displayed relaxin 3 staining. These data suggest that relaxin 3 may be a neuropeptide involved in sensorymotor integration in killifish.

abstract: Biology


title: The role of female attachment in physically aggressive relationships

contributor:
Clark, Abbey Rae (author)
(Price, E. Lisa) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Previous research indicates that attachment theory may play a role in how women  perceive themselves and their partners in abusive relationships, and that attachment style  may contribute to women’s experience of Traumatic Bonding and the Stockholm  Syndrome. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to explore the role of attachment in  abusive relationships.  Eighty-two female university students were recruited to complete a number of selfreport  questionnaires. These questionnaires consisted of scales measuring physically  aggressive behaviour in relationships, attachment style, self-esteem, attachment to the  abuser, identification with the abuser, and high hope for change. Participants who were  currently in a heterosexual relationship and had experienced at least one incident of  physically aggressive behaviour were classified as having either a positive or negative  model of self, as well as either a positive or negative model of others. Participants were  also classified as belonging to one of four attachment styles: secure, dismissing,  preoccupied, or fearful.  Contrary to predictions, women with preoccupied or fearful attachment styles  were not represented more within physically aggressive relationships than secure or  dismissing attachment styles. Further, individuals in physically aggressive relationships  with a negative view of self did not have lower self-esteem than those with a positive  view of self. As predicted, those with a positive model of others were more attached to  the abuser than those with a negative model of others. However, contrary to predictions,  they were not shown to have higher identification with the abuser or higher hopes for  change.

abstract: Psychology


title: Youth in conflict with the law: Drugs, sex and violence

contributor:
Fougere, Amber (author)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The purpose of the present study is to examine sexually aggressive youth and violent  youth on several constructs to provide useful data to augment the current literature on  youth crime. Research in this field is relatively new, having begun only in the past 25  years. Six hypotheses were proposed. First, young persons who offend violently will  have higher rates of drug use than sexually aggressive youth. Second, young persons who  offend sexually will have higher rates of alcohol use. Third, young persons who offend  violently will be more likely to have been under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the  time of their offence than sexually aggressive youth. Fourth, youth with a history of  offences will display a progressive increase in seriousness of offence. Fifth, violent youth  and sexually aggressive youth will not differ in scores on the Hare Psychopathy  Checklist: Youth Version. Finally, Hare PCL:YV scores will be positively correlated  with the severity of the crime for which the adolescent underwent the assessment, as  measured by the Cormier-Lang System for Quantifying Criminal History. Results  supported hypotheses one, three, four and five. Further implications of the results will be  discussed.

abstract: Psychology


title: The effect of breath retention of swimming skills in pre-school children

contributor: (Kruisselbrink, Darren) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Little research has examined breathing strategies for preschool aged swimmers. The  standard Canadian swim program focuses on exhaling while performing skills; however,  alternate programs teach breath retention. Skill development and overall comfort in the  water were examined in four level 2 swim classes (N = 16, M = 4.8, SD = 1.52 years);  two classes were taught to exhale while performing front glides, back glides, front floats,  and back floats, while two classes were taught to hold their breath. The skills were rated  on the first and last week of an eight-week program by three swim instructors. Inter-rater  reliability was high. Performance of the front (p<.01) and back (p=.03) glides and back  float (p=.05) showed greater improvement for the breath retention groups. Performing  front float showed trends towards greater change for the breath retention groups, but this  difference was not significant at conventional levels (p~.07). The groups did not differ  substantially on overall comfort in the water.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Atomic force microscopy study of protein adsorption on gold

contributor:
Quirk, Amanda I. (author)
(Roscoe, Sharon) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique of imaging was used to investigate protein adsorption behaviour resulting from potential induced and pH induced  conformational changes of proteins tethered through alkylthiol groups or adsorbed directly to the gold surface, respectively. The adsorption of bovine serum albumin and  holo- and apo-a-lactalbumin adsorbed directly to the gold surface from solutions of pH 2, 7.4 and 11, and b-lactoglobulin from solutions of pH 2, 4, 4.5, 6, 7.4, 8, and 11 were imaged in the dry state after the proteins were allowed to adsorb onto the gold surface, rinsed with nanopure water and dried with argon gas. The images obtained of the self  assembled arrays compared favourably with their known conformational behaviour at each pH. Trends were determined in the change of diameter as a function of pH, taking into account tip-sample interactions which significantly affected the measurements due to the soft nature of the proteins....

abstract: Chemistry


title: Quantum dots: Numerical simulations, elastic fields, and TEM images, Oh My!

contributor:
Webb, Augustus Michael (author)
(Robertson, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Quantum dots (QDs) are a hot topic in the science world today. They are expected  to be part of many devices in the future, from artificial atoms to quantum computers and  even going so far as â€œlasersâ€. Quantum dots are rather new and there is still much to learn  about them in their many varieties.  This thesis focuses primarily on self-assembled InAs dots in an InP matrix. This  particular QD system is important for its optical properties, as these dots have a  wavelength emission range of 1.2 â€“ 2.0 Î¼m, within which lies the important 1.55 Î¼m  telecommunications wavelength. Since the dimensions of semiconductor quantum dots  are on the order of nanometres, and the electronic and optical properties of QDs depend  sensitively on their size and shape, it is important to measure these physical properties  precisely. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is currently the only technique  capable of measuring the size and shape of buried QDs. In order to learn more about the  properties of these dots, computers are used to simulate how QDs will look under a TEM  since the image contrast generated by a TEM is often not directly interpretable.  Using the insight gained from image simulations, experimental TEM images were  analyzed, and the diameter and contrast (corresponding to QD height) data were fit to  distributions that allowed precise size and height measurements to be made from a single  plan-view specimen. The use of various approximations in the simulations was  investigated and their range of validity has been estimated.

abstract: Physics


title: Revolution within the church: Liberation theology in Latin America

contributor:
Baumann, Britt (author)
(Bowen, Kurt) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: This thesis is an overview of the emergence and evolution of the liberation  theology movement in Latin America from its beginnings in the Catholic Action  movement until the present day. Attention is paid to social movement theory,  specifically the political process model, which has been applied to the liberation theology  movement by Christian Smith. There is a substantive chapter focusing on case studies  analyzed by social researchers on three Christian base communities in Northeastern  Brazil and one near Rio de Janeiro. Similarities and differences between the rural and  urban experiences and effectiveness of the base communities are discussed. The thesis  uses secondary sources to describe and explain the origins of liberation theology, the  resistance it attracted from conservatives within the Church, landowners and their agents  in Brazil. A central argument is the dialectic of empowerment that originated among  progressive European and Latin American clergy, which stimulated self organisation and  action in local areas, particularly through the Christian base communities.

abstract: Sociology


title: The satisfaction of adolescent females in single sex physical education

contributor:
MacLeod, Emily P. (author)
(Dodge, Ann) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The mandate of Physical Education programs in Canada is to facilitate active living and  healthy lifestyles among youth. Unfortunately, the findings of recent studies suggest that  this goal is not being met when it comes to adolescent females. For at least two decades,  young women have expressed clear dissatisfaction with existing Physical Education  programs. One factor that has been identified as contributing to this dissatisfaction is the  social environment in which Physical Education occurs. Numerous studies have found  coeducational Physical Education classes to be filled with ridicule, embarrassment, and  limited participation opportunities for female students. As a result, many young women  report negative feelings toward Physical Education and choose not to enroll in Physical  Education classes as soon as they become a curriculum elective. This is of great concern  as physical activity levels among adolescent females continue to decline. It has been  suggested that single-sex Physical Education environments may be more effective in  meeting the needs of female students and providing a satisfying Physical Education  experience. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of satisfaction that  females attach to single-sex Physical Education experiences. Sixteen adolescent females  in grades 9 and 10 participated in this study. The Satisfaction Construct provided the  theoretical framework for the study. This approach has been used by researchers to  assess satisfaction from two dimensions: source of satisfaction and level of specificity.  In-depth interviews served as the primary data collection method. The results of this  study found self-esteem, social influences, skill level and value to be the primary factors  attached to the satisfaction that females experience in single sex Physical Education. It is  suggested that a supportive, non-judgmental environment in which friends are present  and skill level is generally equal, creates greater opportunity for participation and success  and leads to a satisfying Physical Education experience for adolescent females.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: A prototype for computer-aided translation

contributor:
Ayoubi, Hania El (author)
(Muldner, Tomasz) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: In this thesis, we look into computer-aided translation, focusing on implementing a prototype for a context-aware translation memory, which stores previous translations while maintaining their contexts. First, we define the goals for our prototype, putting down our assumptions and defining  its scope. We then look into the related research regarding machine translation and translation memories, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the latter, in addition to looking at two translation memory applications. Next, we describe the technologies that we used in our prototype and explain the reasons for choosing them. We then describe the functionality and workflow of our prototype and proceed to detail its design, implementation, and usage specifics. We also provide screen captures of our prototype. Finally, we discuss the limitations of our prototype and our perception of its future enhancements. Although the functionality of our prototype proves to be limited, it nevertheless addresses vital issues in computer-aided translation while leaving other practical details for future extensions. Thus, it serves its purpose by providing the foundations for future research.

abstract: Computer Science


title: Survey of plankton composition and abundance around the Scotian Shelf as a preliminary step in the establishment of marine protected areas

contributor:
Beveridge, Julia C.E. (author)
(Roff, John) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Zooplankton composition and abundance were examined in relation to shoreline  configuration around the Scotian Shelf. During the summer of 2004, major bays and  estuaries were sampled to investigate the effects of size, depth, geographic distances and  salinity on these populations. Six samples were taken in bays to ensure spatial coverage,  while stations in estuaries were selected based on five parts per thousand increments in  salinity. Results showed that composition and abundance were related to depth in bays,  while estuarine populations were a function of salinity. Community structure did not  differ with geographic location, with the exception of the Minas Basin. This study shows  that zooplankton composition and abundance is homogeneous around the Shelf, and that  populations in bays and estuaries can be partially explained by physical parameters such  as depth and salinity. Further investigation is necessary to identify other factors that play  an integral role in regulating these populations and the possibility of discovering  distinctive areas. By understanding the physical processes that influence the  biogeographical differences in zooplankton populations, a foundation can be created for  the establishment of Marine Protected Areas around the Scotian Shelf.

abstract: Earth & Environmental Sciences


title: A cross-cultural examination of the role of family pressure on academic motivation and career choices

contributor:
Lye, Jeanette A. (author)
(Symons, Doug) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The present study examined cultural differences in academic motivation, family pressure, career commitment, and acculturation in university students. Participants consisted of 36 Canadian students and 38 international students. For some comparisons, international students were further divided into 20 students from the Caribbean and 16 students from China. All participants answered questions regarding reasons for attending university, career selection considerations, parental attitudes towards education, financial dependence, family origin, and attitudes towards family obligations. Acculturation was assessed in Caribbean and Chinese students through a measure designed to evaluate intercultural interactions in university, and motivation was assessed from extrinsic, intrinsic, and amotivated orientations. Results indicated that there were cultural differences between motivational orientations. Chinese students were significantly more amotivated than Canadian and Caribbean students. Caribbean students scored significantly lower on intrinsic â€“ to know motivation than Canadian and Chinese students. Results also indicated that cultural differences exist on measures of family pressure and career choice commitment. In general, Chinese students scored significantly higher on perceived parental expectations and career commitment than Caribbean and Canadian students. Cultural differences were also present in how family pressure and career choice commitment correlated to motivational orientation. Finally, Caribbean students were found to be more acculturated to Canadian culture than were Chinese students. The results of the present study suggest that cultural differences exist not only between Canadian and international students, but between different cultures within the international student population as well.

abstract: Psychology


title: Behaviour of linear cellular automata

contributor:
Porter, Jeremy Graham (author)
(Mendivil, Franklin) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Cellular Automata are simple mathematical/computational models that have many applications. Essentially they are models for individuals interacting in very simple ways with their environment. The class of linear cellular automata is a particularly nice class since one can use the tools of linear algebra to study the long-term behaviour of these automata. This project is a brief overview of the topic of cellular automata, with particular attention paid to the class of linear CA and algebraic methods of characterizing Wolframâ€™s Rule 90 using the minimal annihilating polynomial. Some  previous results for Wolframâ€™s Rule 90 are expanded to apply to the case where the update rule is acting on a ring instead of a field.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Properties of lymph flow and blood and lymph capillary pore size in the cane toad Bufo marinus (L.)

contributor:
Stanley, Jaime M. (author)
(Toews, Dan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Although much research has been done about many properties of the anuran lymphatic  system, little is known about the diameter of the lymph vessel openings, lymph capillary  pore size, and the speed of lymph flow. This study aims to determine lymph speed, the  effects of lymph flow on particle movement and lymph and blood capillary pore  permeability. Polystyrene divinyl benzene spheres (microspheres) were injected into the  toads (Bufo marinus) through the blood and through the lymph sacs. Lymph was then  collected from the cannulated lymph hearts and blood from the cannulated femoral artery.  Both fluids were analyzed for their microsphere content using a hemocytometer. Results  from this study indicate that increased lymph flow generally increases sphere return (in  the body, this would be analogous to particle movement) and that the vast majority of  spheres (>70%) were returned from the injection point at the crural lymph sac to the  lymph heart within the first 30 min of the trial. It was also discovered that blood  capillaries, lymph capillaries or both are impermeable to molecules 3.5Î¼ in diameter or  greater. It was also demonstrated that spheres injected in the lymph sacs were not  replaced into the blood stream, showing that either the lymph heart cannulas were  completely efficient in removing all lymph from the heart or that the pore leading out of  the lymph heart is smaller than 3.5Î¼. This study contributes to the understanding of the  lymphatic system of Bufo marinus and demonstrates how microspheres can be used to  facilitate body fluid movement studies.

abstract: Biology


title: Microsatellite primers for studying structure of the eastern ribbonsnake (Thamnophis sauritus): A species at risk in Nova Scotia

contributor:
Harwood, Benjamin N. (author)
(Herman, Tom) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The Eastern Ribbonsnake, Thamnophis sauritus is one of a suite of disjunct species that  reach the limit of their ranges in southwest Nova Scotia. As a population found on the  periphery, T. sauritus may face selective pressures that its main range counterparts do  not. Such populations are of conservation interest because of their vulnerability and  because of their potential adaptability to rapid environmental change. In 2002, the  Atlantic population of Eastern Ribbonsnake was designated as â€œThreatenedâ€ by  COSEWIC. As a result, the Eastern Ribbonsnake presents an opportunity to study a  disjunct and peripheral population while concurrently developing a conservation plan.  To date, little is known about the ecology or population genetic structure of this species.  Prior to this study no population genetics work has been done on T. sauritus, anywhere.  Examining the genetic structure of this snake in Nova Scotia will allow us to measure the  variability and its past and present distribution. It will also help to establish the speciesâ€™  susceptibility to fragmentation and isolation, and determine the appropriate scale for  management. In summer 2004 tail clippings were taken from 44 snakes in three locations  in and around Kejimkujik National Park and Historic Site. A standard phenol/chloroform  DNA extraction was used to obtain genomic DNA from these individuals. As no primers  have been developed for the Eastern Ribbonsnake, nine pairs of microsatellite primers  designed for the common garter snake, T. siritalis were tested. To date three loci have  been successfully amplified and analyzed, one of which exhibited polymorphism with  four alleles. Initial analysis of two loci, Te1Ca29 and Ts1Ca4 indicates no genetic  structure between two known populations.

abstract: Biology


title: A quantitative and qualitative study of aspiration in the posterior lymph hearts of Bufo marinus (L.) and Rana catesbeiana (Shaw).

contributor:
Williams, Blair A. (author)
(Toews, Dan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The filling mechanism of posterior lymph hearts of anurans has not been studied in detail. It has been proposed that filling occurs either by the recoil of elastic suspensory fibers  creating a negative pressure in the lumen of the lymph heart, or by a positive pressure generated by skeletal muscles outside the lymph sacs. The pressures generated by the  posterior lymph hearts of Bufo marinus and Rana catesbeiana were monitored through chronic canulation and recorded via pressure transducer and computer software. It was demonstrated that after each contraction the pressure inside the lymph heart dropped below a level of zero pressure prior to filling. This negative pressure was quantified and found to satisfy the proposed value needed to give directionality to lymph movement in the distal lymph sacs, toward the lymph heart. Observation of the lymph heart in vivo and of the pattern of the tracings obtained through canulation led to a proposed mechanism for the contraction cycle. A canula was also inserted into the lymph sac surrounding the lymph hearts to measure the pressure immediately adjacent to the heart. Pressures from the heart and sac were monitored simultaneously. This revealed that the negative pressure of the recoil of the lymph heart was detectable in the sac. The lymph sac tracings added to the understanding of the mechanism of contraction and lymph propulsion and movement.

abstract: Biology


title: Bystander impact on eyewitness accuracy and confidence during a mugshot line-up following the witnessing of a live mock crime

contributor:
Doucette, Christine M. (author)
(Potter, Susan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: An investigation of the Familiarity Effect and the Optimality Hypothesis was conducted by examining the impact of the presence of a bystander during a mock crime on eyewitness accuracy and confidence when later attempting to identify the perpetrator from a mugshot line-up. Similar investigations have been carried out by West & Potter (2002) and West (2003) using a mock crime on video, in which participants were forewarned of the crime and immediately asked to identify the perpetrator from a line-up.  The current study used a live mock crime in which participants were not forewarned and were asked to return two days later to identify the perpetrator. Ninety participants (22 males and 68 females) viewed one of four sequential mugshot line-ups containing both frontal and Â¾ view mugshots of six males as follows: 1) perpetrator only (PO), 2) bystander only (BO), 3) both perpetrator and bystander (PB), and 4) neither perpetrator nor bystander (NPB). Participants also answered questions concerning how decisions were made once the viewing of the mugshot line-up was completed. Accuracy and confidence levels were measured along with the number of bystander-identifications and non-identifications made. The results indicate that participants who made a correct decision were less confident than those who made an incorrect decision. It was also found that accuracy was lowest in the NPB condition and highest in the PB condition. Possible explanations of these findings are discussed as well as future directions for studying eyewitness identification.

abstract: Psychology


title: Enhanced skating performance in amateur hockey players from 16 weeks of 'super specific' periodized training

contributor:
Farlinger, Christopher M. (author)
(Fowles, Jonathon) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: To adequately determine the effectiveness of transfer of training to performance,  suitable testing and training programs need to be developed that identify, and indicate  improvements in, sport-specific performance. PURPOSES: The purposes of this  investigation were: (i) to identify off-ice variables that would correlate to on-ice skating  sprint performance and cornering ability, and (ii) to investigate the effectiveness of the  â€˜skating simulatorâ€™ as a hockey specific training tool. METHODS: Twenty-six amateur  hockey players completed testing to identify off-ice predictors of skating sprint  performance and cornering ability. Fifteen subjects completed sixteen weeks of  plyometric and simulator training in a crossover design (PLY-SIM; N=5; SIM-PLY;  N=9) with testing at PRE, MID, and POST. RESULTS: On-ice sprint performance and  cornering ability were highly correlated (r=0.91; p<0.05) with the greatest off-ice  predictors of skating being 30-m sprint, 3 hop jump, broad jump and vertical jump.  Training produced improvements in off-ice measures of leg and hip power production  and on ice 35-m skating performance and cornering ability. There was a trend for greater  improvement in skating performance from PLY-SIM (3.5%) vs. SIM-PLY (1.5%)  (N=5,9; p=0.22). CONCLUSION: Prediction of on-ice sprint performance and cornering  ability by the same off-ice measures suggests some redundancy between the two on-ice  performance tests. Sixteen weeks of periodized hockey specific training in amateur  hockey players increases performance over a wide variety of testing variables, including  on-ice skating sprint performance and cornering ability.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: Food for thought: Science communication and the public understanding of science a case study

contributor:
Machold, Clea A. (author)
(Lusby, Linda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate and explain how the conversation  (or lack there of) of the scientific community and the general public has shaped the  course of the genetically modified (GM) food debate in Britain and Canada. In addition  to providing an explanation as to how science communication has already influenced this  discussion, this thesis attempts to provide insight into how to improve this discourse and  by doing so, positively influence the ultimate implications of GM technology in Canadaâ€™s  future. A case study approach was chosen to demonstrate the effect of science  communication on public understanding in the GM food debate in Britain, as compared  to Canada. The research design involved a collection and analysis of reported data in the  form of a series of published opinion surveys and reports. This approach has  demonstrated that science communication is the link between scientists and the public  understanding of science, as it determines which scientific information is successfully  communicated and which is not. It further addresses the fact that the GM food debate is  not only an issue of science, but also one of social, cultural, ethical, and economic  concern. The results from the case study show that the British public has tended to be  more skeptical, while the Canadian public has tended to be more accepting of its  governmentâ€™s GM policy. Both publics expressed considerable interest in becoming  involved with the biotechnology debate. There are also collateral issues, such as the  underlying motives driving GM technology, which have to be considered in ultimately  drawing conclusions regarding the support of biotechnology. To improve the future,  scientists, governments, and the public have to acknowledge each othersâ€™ viewpoints and  be able to collaborate to make viable, sustainable choices.

abstract: Environmental & Sustainability Studies


title: Relaxin-1 mRNA and relaxin-3 peptide expression in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

contributor:
Townsend, Janice Ruth (author)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
(Good-Avila, Sara) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Relaxin-1 and relaxin-3 are polypeptide hormones of the relaxin-like peptide  family and are expressed in most vertebrate species. Relaxin-1 is poorly conserved across  species and exhibits pleiotropic effects. Relaxin-3, which has low sequence homology to  relaxin but a high sequence homology across species, is expressed predominantly in the  brain and is widely hypothesized to be an important neuropeptide. The purpose of this  study was to investigate the presence of relaxin-1 and relaxin-3 in goldfish (Carassius  auratus), specifically in brain, gill, heart, kidney, liver, gut, and gonad tissue. Northern  Blot analysis was performed to investigate the expression of relaxin-1 mRNA transcripts.  Western Blot analysis was performed to analyze relaxin-3 peptide expression. For  Northern Blot analysis, nylon membranes were probed with tammar wallaby relaxin-1  cDNA probe. For Western Blot analysis, protein extracted from the tissues were  separated by SDS-PAGE and blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes  were incubated with rabbit anti-human relaxin-3 antibody and subsequently with goat  anti-rabbit antibody. Prepared membranes from both Northern and Western Blot analyses  were labelled with chemiluminescent substrate and exposed to film. Northern Blot  analysis was inconclusive; postulated to be due to low sequence homology between  tammar wallaby and goldfish relaxin-1 or the absence of relaxin-1 mRNA transcripts in  goldfish tissues. Western Blot analysis indicated that relaxin-3 protein was expressed in  brain, gut, and possibly gonad tissue of a female goldfish. The presence of relaxin-3 in  both teleosts and mammals suggests that relaxin-3 may be the ancestral relaxin-like  peptide. Further study of both relaxin-like peptides and their interaction with specific  receptors will aid in determining the many biological roles of relaxin-like peptides.

abstract: Biology


title: Uneasy crossing

contributor:
Veinot, Julie Ann (author)
(Campbell, Wanda) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Uneasy Crossing is a novella covering the final transatlantic crossing of the  S.S. Atlantic from the perspective of a woman. The Atlantic was a real shipwreck  that occurred April 1, 1873 off Nova Scotia: a White Star Liner ran into the coast,  resulting in a huge loss of life. No woman survived the shipwreck, therefore no  historical record survives of a woman’s experience. Character Selina Mossman,  who has recently graduated from medical school, relates her experience through a  past and present narration that changes back and forth from the journey aboard  the ship and the ensuing shipwreck. She also represents a feminist perspective, as  she is part of the first wave of women who decide to challenge the status quo of  having a profession in medicine.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: A two-stage procedure for testing against a simple ordered alternative under heteroscedasticity

contributor:
Coleman, Kimberley L. (author)
(Peng, Jianan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Procedures for testing the equality of normal means in conventional analysis of variance (ANOVA) depend heavily on the assumption of equality of the error variances.  Studies have shown that the test is not robust when this assumption is violated (a situation known as heteroscedasticity). The one-way fixed effects analysis  of variance model with normal variances which are unknown and possibly unequal is considered....

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Relationships between graph polynomials

contributor:
Gardner, Katie Maureen (author)
(Hooper, Jeff) (Thesis advisor)
(Clarke, Nancy) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: In this thesis, possible relationships between various graph polynomials are explored.  Following pertinent denitions and results in algebra and graph theory, the polyno-  mials are introduced. The denitions and computation of the chromatic polynomial,  the matchings polynomial, the characteristic polynomial and the interlace polynomial  are given. Some properties of the graph polynomials are explored based on patterns  found by generating the polynomials for dierent families of graphs. Finally, the  graph polynomials are related by nding the greatest common divisor of pairs of  polynomials.

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics


title: Freedom from want and fear: revisiting Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s second Bill of Rights from a Canadian perspective

contributor:
Cameron, Danielle Marie (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Crandall, Erin) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract: Politics

abstract: What does the entrenchment of a specific right into a constitution do that political leadership and willpower cannot? This thesis examines President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s proposal to constitutionally entrench social and economic rights with a second Bill of Rights in the U.S. — the bill’s influences, history, conceptualization, and broader connection with the patterns of financial deregulation, government rollback, and economic deprivation that prefaced the Great Depression and the promise of a New Deal. While popular politicians and personalities in Canada and the U.S. have revived calls for a “Second Bill of Rights” or a “New Deal,” this thesis draws important lessons from analogous Canadian and American experiences with constitutional reform to advance a new plan to entrench socio-economic rights in Canada that overcomes institutional and constitutional challenges to structural economic change. This thesis also discusses what role the judiciary should play in the entrenchment and enforcement of socio-economic rights.


title: Densities, distributions, and individual size of Orange-Footed Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) on the Scotian Shelf

contributor:
Harper, Danni Lynn (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Stokesbury, Michael) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract: Biology

abstract:
Traditional  sea  cucumber  fisheries  have  collapsed  due  to  over-fishing,  however demand for sea cucumber products has continued to rise. Fisheries for the Orange-Footed Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) have developed in Eastern Canada to fill this void. A review of the current state of knowledge for C. frondosa and an outline and history of all Eastern Canadian C.  frondosa fisheries highlights  the  lack  of  fisheries-related  data. Drop-camera surveying was tested for practicality to supplement fisheries-dependent data for  use  in  management  decisions.  Techniques  proved  useful  in identifying new  areas  of high C. frondosa
densities and highlighted the strong connection between hard substrate and  high densities. Species  of  potential  bycatch  were  also  identified. Camera  survey techniques enabled the collection of ecological data
with minimal impacts on habitat and animal  behaviour.  Drop-camera  surveying  is  recommended  for  continued  use  as a fisheries-independent  tool  to  monitor the effects  of  fishing  pressure.  Current  fisheries-dependent data collection involves the measurement of lengths and weights of C. frondosa for a portion of each catch. Measurements of size can be used to identify trends and monitor effects  of fishing  pressure  over  time. Several  measurements  of  size  of C.  frondosa were evaluated  for  consistency  and  accuracy  over  various  time  intervals  out  of  water. Indices that incorporate length and width were more highly correlated
with wet weight than length or width alone. Water expulsion occurred within the first 10 minutes after removal from the  tank,  suggesting  that  measurements  after  10  minutes  out  of  water  provide  more consistency.  Standard  practices  for  the  collection  of  fisheries-dependent  and  fisheries-independent  data  are  vital  and  continued  monitoring  of  densities,  distributions,  and individual size will provide data for
informed decisions making, leading the maritime C. frondosa industry toward long-tern sustainability.


title: A study on the unequal probability sampling scheme and its application

contributor:
Wang, Di (author)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)
(Lu, Wilson) (Thesis advisor)
(Zhang, Ying) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2020

abstract: Mathematics & Statistics

abstract: Sampling is an indispensable part of statistics.  It helps us to study the characteristics of the whole target population without investigating every individual of the population, which largely economizes time and cost and enhances efficiency. Various  sampling  strategies  have  raised  in  the  past  decades.   The  development and a brief explanation of the types of sampling schemes are provided in Chapter 1.  Our study targets unequal probability sampling without replacement with fixed  sample  size.   Five  popular  sampling  schemes,  including  Poisson  sampling, conditional Poisson sampling, Tille's sampling, Sampford's sampling and systematic sampling are introduced in Chapter 4, as well as a new sequential sampling scheme (Lu's method).  In Chapter 3,  comparisons between conditional Poisson sampling,  Lu's  method,  Tille's  Method  and  Sampford's  sampling  with  different data  sets  are  made  in  terms  of  different  variance  estimators  and  entropy.   It  is shown that Lu's method is a reliable and competitive sampling scheme.  Chapter 4 applies Lu's method, conditional Poisson sampling, Poisson sampling and systematic sampling to a real-world problem and compares the performance of those methods.  A comprehensive summary and a conclusion are presented in Chapter 5.


title: Protein incorporation and release from calcium phosphate coatings on titanium alloy

contributor:
Brown, Meagan L. (author)
(Roscoe, Sharon) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Protein-containing calcium phosphate coatings (protein/brushite) were prepared  by electrochemically assisted co-precipitation onto hydroxyapatite (HA) coated  Ti-6Al-4 V surfaces. The three model proteins that were used were lysozyme, holo-ô€„®-  lactalbumin and lactoferrin.  Electrochemically assisted co-precipitation of holo-ô€„®-lactalbumin/brushite and  lactoferrin/brushite coatings onto HA resulted in increased protein inclusion compared to  simple adsorption. The electrochemically assisted co-precipitation of lysozyme/brushite  coatings onto HA showed a decrease in the amount of protein incorporated as compared  to simple adsorption.  For all three protein/brushite coatings, the cumulative percentage of protein  released from the electrochemically assisted co-deposited coatings was less than that of  the simply adsorbed coatings. The release of protein from the electrochemically assisted  co-precipitated holo-ô€„®-lactalbumin/brushite coatings onto HA was much more rapid than  the release of protein from the simply adsorbed coatings. Holo-ô€„®-lactalbumin was the  only protein that showed a burst release from the electrochemically deposited coatings.  Both the lysozyme/brushite and lactoferrin/brushite coatings gave release profiles which  were markedly slower than their simply adsorbed counterparts.  Thus, the electrochemically assisted co-precipitation technique was able to  provide an efficient method of protein incorporation at physiological temperature. The  subsequent slow release of protein from the electrochemically deposited coatings shows  potential for the sustained release of growth factors and other agents required for metallic  implant fixation.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Understanding explosive pollination in Cornus canadensis: A comparative floral development study with non-explosive Cornus racemosa

contributor:
Jackson, Morgan L. (author)
(Evans, Rodger) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Cornus canadensis is a member of the Dogwood family, Cornaceae. Two species, C.  canadensis and C. suecica, share a character not found in any other Cornus species, and  found in relatively few plants in general - explosive pollination. Explosive pollination  occurs when the petals explode open when touched by a passing insect, and the stamens  burst from within the flower releasing pollen over the body of the insect. As a means to  understand how this process works, we undertook a comparative floral development  study of explosive (C. canadensis) and non-explosive (C. racemosa) species. Flowers of  both species were collected throughout the growing season and embedded in either  paraffin wax or Spurr's resin for sectioning to observe internal anatomy and cellular  structure. Flowers were also dissected and dehydrated for observation with a Scanning  Electron Microscope. Initial results point to the development of a "trigger" on the abaxial  surface of one or more petals in each C. canadensis flower. The margins of the four  petals of C. canadensis are also highly interdigitated, and thus held tightly closed,  compared with the petals of C. racemosa which are simply appressed to one another.  Stamen morphology also differs between the two species as cells midway up the filament  of C. canadensis become elongated approximately one third of the way through  development and the filament narrowed. The anthers of C. canadensis appear to remain  closed within the mature bud, opening simultaneously with the petals. It is hypothesized  that the interdigitated cells hold the petals together and the filaments are flexible and push  on the petal, thus causing pressure to build; the pressure would be released once the  trigger was touched by an insect, pulling the petals apart and allowing the stamens to  "explode" outward.

abstract: Biology


title: Clandestine operations: Three female agents of the Special Operations Executive

contributor:
Horne, Natalie K. (author)
(Whaley, Leigh Anne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Until recently, women's roles in the resistance have been largely ignored by the  scholarly community. Although in the last ten years there has been more research into  this area of study, there are still many aspects of women's roles in the resistance that  deserve scholarly attention. This thesis will analyze the gender stereotypes that were  prevalent at the time and how women's roles in the resistance were affected by them. It  will argue that gender politics had a profound impact on the constitution of the resistance.  Through the case studies of Andree Borrel, Noor Inayat Khan, and Odette Sansom, this  thesis will prove that women continually demonstrated themselves to be competent, and  in some cases exceptional, agents. However, despite their capabilities, women were often  denied promotions to positions of authority arguably because men would not accept  orders from a woman and, in the estimation of their commanding officers, women were  not thought to be capable of running their own resistance group.  Furthermore, this thesis will argue that women were only able to become involved  in the resistance out of necessity. Since most of the men of military age were already  fighting in the war, there was a need for women to fill the positions that were available.  It was not as a result of change in ideology that women were able to become active in the  resistance, but out of pure necessity. However, although women have often been  considered ˜second-string" resistors, this did not mean that they were not competent. As  the experiences of Andree Borrel, Noor Inayat Khan and Odette Sansom will  demonstrate, women were just as capable as their male counterparts.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Problems with substance ontology and the promise of process philosophy

contributor:
Eirikson, Peter (author)
(Maitzen, Stephen) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The objective of this essay is to show that change, rather than substance, is the  most fundamental ontological category. In what follows I will show the problems with  substance ontology, and provide the reader with an introduction to an attractive  alternative, process ontology. Considerable attention will be given to the process  philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead, and the relationship between process ontology  and modern physics.

abstract: Philosophy


title: Charge density waves in ZnxNb3Te4: effects of Zn intercalation

contributor:
MacDougall, Robert Donald (author)
(Bennett, Craig) (Thesis advisor)
(Robertson, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The quasi-one-dimensional compound Nb3Te4 is inherently unstable to the formation of a  charge-density wave, a coupled distortion of the conduction electron density and ionic  lattice. Due to its framework structure, resembling a tunnel in the direction of the fiber  axis, relatively large amounts of foreign atoms can be intercalated into the pure structure  without significantly affecting the lattice constants of the host crystal. For this reason,  Nb3Te4 provides a good model system for studying the effects of intercalation on chargedensity  wave formation....

abstract: Physics


title: The colors of challenge: The Democratic Party, the Rainbow Coalition, and Jesse Jackson's 1984 presidential campaign

contributor:
McNutt, R.R. (author)
(Dennis, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: This thesis examines the structure, ideology, and implications of Jesse Jackson’s 1984  presidential campaign. While Jackson has largely entered the historical lexicon as the first  serious black American to run for president, the greater historical significance of his 1984 effort  lies in its attempt to redirect American politics and the Democratic Party. In the wake of the  Ronald Reagan juggernaut, the Democratic elite began to retreat from the liberalism and moral  missions of the 1960s and 1970s and instead accommodate to the Reagan agenda, accepting its  premises while denouncing its excesses. Jackson’s Rainbow Coalition was an attempt to revive  the Democratic Party by building the party from the bottom-up, uniting blacks, liberals, women,  Hispanics, and other disadvantaged groups with the goal of reaffirming traditional liberalism.  While it harked back to the messages of Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society, it also promoted a new  outlook for the 1980s, including a de-militarized foreign policy, economic justice, and a  progressive race policy.  Despite some minor successes, Jackson’s campaign was largely unable to expand the  Rainbow Coalition beyond the black constituency for a number of reasons, including a system of  rules that stacked the deck against outsider candidacies, political scandals and organizational and  logistical issues, and the intense divisions existing within American society in the 1980s over  issues of race and politics. The Democratic Party largely ignored Jackson and his platform and  continued to move further away from promoting 1960s-style liberalism and from questioning the  larger programs that America faced.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Law in the global village: International law and ""terrorist"" detainees

contributor:
Lowney, Anthony (author)
(Franceschet, Antonio) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: The ancient science of torture underwent new refinements during the twentieth century,  passing from physical techniques aimed at the body, to psychological techniques directed  at the mind. Although torture has been â€“ and continues to be - used by democratic  governments in secret, publication of its use during the â€˜war on terrorâ€™ has led to a  discussion, in which some have attempted to justify the torturing of suspects of terrorism  as the â€œlesser evilâ€.  This thesis examines a United States policy which employs torture while the United  States government consistently and steadfastly denies its use. The phenomenon is  compared with â€“ and set in the context of - the use of covert actions during the Cold War,  also justified at the time as a lesser evil.

abstract: Politics


title: Winds of change: Sdevere weather in the Annapolis Valley

contributor:
MacDonald, Allan J. (author)
(Duke, David) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: Throughout its recorded history, Nova Scotia’s Annapolis Valley has been struck  numerous times by severe storms. Four of the worst such events are the Saxby Gale of 5  October 1869, the Gale of 25 August 1927, Hurricane Edna on 11 September 1954, and  the Groundhog Day Gale of 2 February 1976. Though all four were cyclonic storms (the  first three were hurricanes and the last a nor’easter), they were made worse, to varying  degrees, by lunar cycles coinciding with the times they struck the Annapolis Valley.  Surprisingly few lives were lost in the storms, but the storm surges, heavy winds, and  excessive rains associated with these storms inflicted millions of dollars of damage to the  Annapolis Valley, especially to the fruit and agricultural sectors of the economy. The  reactions to these storms reflect not only the unique character of the Annapolis Valley,  but also the changing attitudes, priorities, and expectations, of citizens in Nova Scotia.  The actions undertaken in the aftermaths of the storms are good indicators for future  planning. Knowing what did work and what did not will help to formulate ideas and plans  on what to do when the next storm strikes.

abstract: History & Classics


title: Attempted amplification of the enzyme Peptidase A from Sorex cinereus from Bon Portage Island, Nova Scotia

contributor:
Roxin, Aron (author)
(Stewart, Donald) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: The objective of this project was to design primers to amplify and obtain DNA sequence data of the Peptidase A (PEP A) gene from shrews. Ultimately these primers could be used to characterize patterns of molecular evolution for this enzyme. Specifically, we are interested in comparing the sequence of a unique allele of PEP A found in the population of S. cinereus on Bon Portage Island compared to alleles of PEP A found in mainland populations of shrews. This is of interest because it has been previously proposed that the unique form of this enzyme may be a molecular adaptation to the unique diet of the shrews on Bon Portage Island. By examining the pattern of synonymous (i.e., neutral or silent)  compared to nonsynonymous (i.e., amino acid replacing) substitutions, it would be possible to assess whether positive Darwinian selection is acting on this enzyme. Shrews were trapped on both Bon Portage Island and on the mainland at Sandy Cove, Digby Co., to obtain fresh  tissues. These samples were used to extract DNA and RNA. RNA is the starting material used to perform reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. Successfully amplified bands that were approximately the predicted size for the PEP A product were extracted from agarose gels and purified. These purified PCR products were then inserted into a bacterial plasmid vector and cloned in Escherichia coli cells to create multiple copies of the genetic material so it could be  sequenced. A BLAST search of the GenBank database indicated that the amplified PCR product was a gene that codes for an enzyme called carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 rather than the desired product, PEP A. Although the sequence of PEP A was not obtained, the  sequence of the CPS 1 enzyme might prove useful in the future for phylogenetic studies of the evolutionary relationships of shrews.

abstract: Biology


title: Sex determination and baseline plasma corticosterone of Leach's storm-petrels

contributor:
Samuelsen, Annika (author)
(Shutler, Dave) (Thesis advisor)
(Wilson, Brian) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: Differences in the size of cloacae can be used to sex some monomorphic seabirds.  Reproductive females generally have larger and less elastic cloacae than males as a  consequence of egg-laying. My first objective was to determine if cloacal measurements  could be used to sex Leach’s storm-petrels. Cloacal measurements were taken from  individuals of unknown and known laying dates, and sex was determined by molecular  analysis of DNA isolated from feather and blood samples. Discriminant function  analysis of cloacal measurements correctly sexed a maximum of 67% of petrels,  suggesting cloacal measurements are not a reliable indicator of sex in this species.  The release of hormones, such as corticosterone, often accelerates in response to  immediate and chronic stimuli that present a threat to survival. Baseline plasma  corticosterone concentrations (hereafter CORT) may be used as an indicator of chronic  stress, which may be elevated during egg-laying, nestling provisioning, or when  ectoparasite loads are high. My second objective was to assess the variation in CORT in  Leach’s storm-petrels, a long-lived colonial seabird. I tested for a relationship between  CORT and sex, reproductive stage, and ectoparasite load in petrels captured by spotlighting  and grubbing on Bon Portage Island. The approximate reproductive stage of  nesting petrels was determined by candling eggs. Ectoparasites were sampled by dustruffling.  Corticosterone was assayed from plasma using an enzyme immunoassay.  Females had significantly higher CORT than males, and seasonal variation in CORT was  present, however, there was no relationship between CORT and ectoparasite load.

abstract: Biology


title: Pulp feminism: Discourse analysis of Bridget Jones's Diary, Sex and the City, and The Vagina Monologues

contributor:
Lyons, Bethany Y. (author)
(Quéma, Anne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: This thesis addresses the tension that exists between women and feminism in western  culture. I argue that, while women are interested in the gender-based empowerment that  feminism offers, they are uncomfortable with the movement because it questions the  existence of an essential femininity. Popular culture has responded to this tension with  the creation of pulp feminism. Pulp feminism is a multi-medium phenomenon in which  works of popular culture openly discuss the everyday routines and practices associated  with womanhood and femininity. This discourse operates as a confession in which  narrative personas discuss details of womanhood that have traditionally been viewed as  unsuitable for conversation. Topics of confession include menstruation, beauty routines,  and discomfort with feminism. In addition, the discourse addresses the frustration women  experience as they struggle with the oppressive ideals of femininity. Insofar as this  discourse transgresses the codes of silence surrounding womanhood, pulp feminism is  experienced as liberating and rebellious.  The thesis examines the literary manifestations of pulp feminism with reference to  gender theories by Judith Butler, Simone de Beauvoir, Michel Foucault, Sandra Bartky,  and Susan Bordo. The literary works I examine are Bridget Jonesâ€™s Diary, Sex and the  City, and The Vagina Monologues. In addition, I offer a critical account of my  participation in a staged production of The Vagina Monologues. My analysis of the  literary texts and of the theatre production demonstrates that pulp feminism is not a viable  alternative to feminism. While the confessional discourse of pulp feminism has the  appearance of rebellion, it actually reifies oppressive norms of femininity.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: The effect of a high protein diet on hydration status

contributor:
Wells, Crystal D. (author)
(Petrie, Heather) (Thesis advisor)
(Johnston, Elizabeth) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: Rapid weight loss has always been appealing to the North American population,  and high protein (PRO) diets show promising results in weight loss with minimal food  restrictions. The diets are typically low in calories and lead to a negative energy balance.  A number of authors of popular textbooks have speculated that high PRO diets cause  dehydration. The mechanism by which they have theorized the dehydration is in the  excreting of urea (the waste product of protein metabolism) by the kidney. However there  is no evidence in the literature to support the claims that a high PRO diet will lead to  dehydration.  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a diet high in PRO leads to  an increase in fluid intake or a change in hydration status. Nine subjects (4 males and 5  females) between the ages of 19 and 56 participated. Subjects were free from illness,  were not pregnant or lactating, had a BMI >25, and were sedentary. Subjects were not on  a high protein diet prior to participation (PRO intake <20% of macronutrient intake).  Subjects were placed on a 12-week diet (approximately 45% CHO, 30% PRO, 25% FAT  of dietary energy) which was in keeping with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution  Ranges (AMDR) of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Compliance was measured  through diet record keeping and weight loss.  Casual urine samples were collected on 9 occasions (1 at baseline and 8  throughout the study) to determine urine osmolality (Uosm) and urine specific gravity  (USG), and 24-hour (24-h) urine samples were collected on 4 occasions (1 at baseline  and 3 throughout the study) to determine Uosm, USG and urine volume (Uvol). Total  fluid intake was monitored throughout the study.

abstract: Nutrition & Dietetics


title: A web census is possible

contributor:
Slauenwhite, Devin Glen (author)
(Benoit, Darcy) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: How large is the World Wide Web? In the past several years there have been numerous approaches to estimate its size using different techniques. The technology available at  that time only allowed them to perform estimates, so a measure of its exact size was something that could not be done or people did not wish to do. This thesis shows that it  is now possible to get an exact measurement of the Web by conducting the first ever census of the internet. We will discuss how we have developed a system capable of  completing this task, the bottlenecks of such a system, and problems that current software gives us. We will also present some preliminary results that we have acquired through the testing of this system and evidence that a census can be completed in a reasonable amount of time.

abstract: Computer Science


title: A physiological examination of the speed of lymph movement in the cane toad, Bufo marinus (L.)

contributor:
Baird, Hilary E. (author)
(Toews, Dan) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: Little information exists on rates of lymph flow through the anuran lymphatic system. The present study aims to continue previous investigations on the speed of lymph movement in the cane toad, Bufo marinus. Lymph hearts, femoral arteries and crural lymph sacs were cannulated with polyethylene tubing. Polystyrene divinyl benzene spheres (microspheres) were injected into the crural lymph sacs of both sexes of the toads and lymph was then collected from the cannulated lymph hearts and blood from the cannulated femoral artery. Data was collected by examining the time interval in which  microspheres injected into the lymph sac appeared in the catheters exiting the lymph heart. Both fluids were analyzed for their microsphere content using a hemocytometer.  The speed of lymph flow was found to be less than 2.5 min at its fastest, averaging 4Â±2.5 min, when collection was from the lymph heart on the same side as the injection into the  crural lymph sac. Spheres were also shown to be capable of crossing the body, taking 7.5Â±2.5 min when collection was from the heart opposite the injection site, possibly due  to mixing in the pubic lymph sac. Time lost in the catheter was considered, but calculations were inaccurate due to inconsistent lymph heart beating. Spheres injected in  the lymph sacs did not appear in the blood, possibly indicating that a better technique for blood analysis be specifically developed. This study contributes to the overall  understanding of lymph flow in anurans and will hopefully allow others to continue research in order to further quantify the speed of lymph flow.

abstract: Biology


title: The effects of organizational downsizing on perceptions of worklife relationships and psychological burnout

contributor:
Fleming, Johnathan C. (author)
(Leiter, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: The present study is a longitudinal examination of the effect of downsizing on employee  workload, reward, fairness, value congruence, and levels of exhaustion. The study linked  participant responses from an annual staff survey in a university sector from 2004 (pre-)  to 2005 (post-downsizing) using a unique subject code (N = 126). Initial results did not  indicate significant changes over time. Post-hoc analysis of the results by how long the  departments have existed within the sector (i.e. more than three years (n = 59), and three  years or less (n = 60)) was conducted. Results indicate that people in long-term  departments experienced a significant decrease in workload congruence, greater  predictability of exhaustion at T2 using workload at T2, and were more likely to cite a  decrease in values congruence. The results indicate change processes should be mindful  of the effects associated with organization tenure.

abstract: Psychology


title: From blood and iron

contributor: (Wyile, Andrea Schwenke) (Thesis advisor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: "From Blood and Iron" is a novella about family and the ever-changing bonds that hold it  together. Mia Blackburn is a young woman who is attempting to deal with the anger,  distrust and sadness caused by her fatherâ€™s infidelity. When she embarks on a crosscountry  journey with her father she must deal with the complex interaction of pain and  love as father and daughter re-forge their relationship. In Nova Scotia, Mia meets her  grandmother for the first time, introducing a new element into the family dynamic. â€œFrom  Blood and Ironâ€ is a story of pain, loss, anger, and above all the love, which like iron, both  runs in our blood and holds us together.

abstract: English & Theatre Studies


title: SFK (Src family kinase) activity is required for removal of DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) from lipid rafts in response to netrin-1

contributor:
Prince, Janet E. A. (author)
(Kristie, David) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: The plasma membrane is a highly dynamic structure that has been found to contain  microdomains, known as lipid rafts, which have different lipid composition and physical  state from the rest of the lipid bilayer. Lipid rafts are adapted for signalling as they  provide a platform enabling coupling of raft-associated proteins for transmission of  extracellular signals across the plasma membrane. Here, we studied lipid raft signaling  events which allow growth cones of pathfinding neurons to be guided to their targets  during the development of the nervous system. Using the neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-  32, we examined signaling events of the axon guidance cue Netrin-1 and its receptor  DCC in lipid rafts in an attempt to elucidate the role of the Src family kinase Fyn in this  process. We propose that DCC signalling is initiated by Fyn in lipid rafts. IMR-32 cells  are a useful system in which to study Netrin-1/DCC signaling events as they respond to  serum starvation and Netrin-1 stimulation with neurite outgrowth.  PP2, a Src family kinase inhibitor, reduced neurite outgrowth during Netrin-1  stimulation, suggesting that Fyn plays an important role in netrin-mediated neurite  outgrowth. Cellular localization of DCC following Netrin-1 stimulation and PP2  treatment was examined by discontinuous sucrose density ultracentrifugation and  Western blot analysis. Netrin-1 stimulated the transient removal of DCC from lipid rafts  and the SFK inhibitor PP2 prevented the removal of DCC from lipid rafts in response to  Netrin-1. Progressive truncation of the DCC cytoplasmic domain blocks its removal from  lipid rafts. These results indicate an important role for Fyn in DCC trafficking and  contribute to our understanding of the development of the nervous system.

abstract: Biology


title: Students' perceptions of physical education classes: A source of information for future teachers

contributor:
Nicholls, Krista Marie (author)
(Pelletier, Joanne) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2006

abstract: Physical education is extremely important because the majority of Canadians are  inactive and it has been shown that a sedentary lifestyle can lead to many different health  problems. For this reason, we should be extremely concerned with the fact that there is a  significant decline in high school physical education participation once it becomes an  elective. A great deal of research has been conducted on the quality of physical education  classes at the secondary school level and this research has identified many physical education  issues that need to be addressed. In order to gain insight into the behaviours that physical  education teachers should abstain from or emulate, many researchers have studied students’  perceptions of their teacher’s treatment. Among other things, this research has identified that  students’ perceptions and interpretations of their teacher’s behaviour can have a major impact  on their conduct and performance in physical education class. One of the main reasons for  conducting research on physical education classes is so that teachers can develop a more  inclusive practice that meets the needs of all of their students. The present study examined  how students interpret the positive teaching behaviours directed toward them. A  questionnaire was used to collect the data for this study; the subjects were forty-three  students in grades 7, 8, and 9. The results indicated that the students perceived that they were  being given an opportunity to learn within a positive teaching climate. In addition, most of  the students gave their teacher credit for her actions that made them feel comfortable,  accepted, satisfied, challenged, and competent in physical education class. This study also  provided relevant information on the perceived impact of positive teaching behaviours’ on  student cooperation, performance, and effort.

abstract: Kinesiology


title: The kinetics of the reaction of atomic bromide with dimethyl ether as a function of temperature

contributor:
Mills, Rachel M. (author)
(Roscoe, John M.) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: This kinetic study made use of the relative rate method to examine the reaction of  atomic bromine with diethyl ether relative to the reaction of atomic bromine with  dimethyl ether as well as the reaction of atomic bromine with dimethyl ether relative to  its reaction with 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Reaction mixtures were prepared in a smog  chamber used at pressures close to atmospheric and the loss of organic reactants due to  reaction with atomic bromine was measured using gas chromatography.  The reaction of atomic bromine with diethyl ether was examined relative to the  reaction of atomic bromine with dimethyl ether to develop a further understanding of the  role of oxygen in the reaction mechanism. It was found that the rate constant ratio for  these reactions does not depend on the concentration of oxygen at small concentrations of  bromine. The rate constant ratios obtained at 298 K for the reaction of dimethyl ether and  diethyl ether with atomic bromine were centered around the limiting value of 13.5 (± 7%)  which was obtained in earlier experiments in our laboratory using large concentrations of  atomic bromine and large concentrations of oxygen.  The reaction of atomic bromine with dimethyl ether was also examined relative to  the reaction of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane as a function of temperature. Analysis of this  temperature dependence gave an activation energy of 15.9 (± 6%) kJ mol-1 and a preexponential  factor of 1.23 x 10-12 (±16%) cm3molecule-1s-1 for the reaction.  These results indicate that in order for the reaction of atomic bromine with  dimethyl ether to be significantly competitive with the reaction of atomic bromine and  ozone, the atmospheric concentration of dimethyl ether would have to be approximately  590 times greater than the concentration of ozone.

abstract: Chemistry


title: Life history strategy and morphogenesis of Cyathura polita (Stimpson, 1855) (Crustacea: Isopoda) in the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada

contributor:
Mercer, Sarah C. (author)
(Dadswell, Michael) (Thesis advisor)
(Gibson, Glenys) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: Cyathura polita is a marine isopod that lives in estuaries on the eastern seaboard  of North America, ranging from Louisiana to the Saint John River, New Brunswick, the  location of this present study. My study investigates possible differences with respect to  life history strategy and growth rate of Cyathura polita that may arise from a more  northern climate and shorter growing season. Individuals for analysis were collected biweekly  from May to October from four locations in the Saint John River estuary. The  population exhibits a three-year life cycle. Cyathura polita females matured during their  second summer and changed sex to become males that fall, and reproduced a third  summer as males. Cyathurans from Saint John were generally larger (mean length of  males was 16.3 Â± 2.41 mm, females 13.8 Â± 2.14 mm) than individuals from more  southern locations. Fecundity of females was 53.2 Â± 18.9 embryos per brood. The  external morphogenesis of developing C. polita embryos was examined using scanning  electron micrographs; these embryological images and descriptions are the first for C.  polita. My study suggests the occurrence of protogynic hermaphroditism in the Saint  John population.

abstract: Biology


title: Maximizing apple production: The development of organic blossom thinners and molecular markers to control fruit yield in apple orchards in the Annapolis Valley

contributor:
Morton, Vanessa Karen (author)
(Good-Avila, Sara) (Thesis advisor)
Acadia University (Degree grantor)

subject: LE3 .A278 2005

abstract: The effect of six different chemicals on pollen germination, in the domesticated  apple, Malus domestica, was tested to look for an organic flower thinner. All the  chemicals except ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) are certified for organic use. A three  part study was conducted to determine which of the chemicals would be effective  thinners. An in vitro test was done by applying one of six treatments directly to the  pollen and germinating on microscope slides containing Brewbaker-Kwack medium. In  vivo and field trials were also conducted but are not discussed in depth in this thesis. In  the in vitro trial, the percent germination of the pollen, weighted mean pollen tube length  and the percent of inviable pollen were calculated. ANOVA and Tukey multiple  comparison confidence intervals were used to determine which treatments were  significantly different from the control. It was determined that ATS, hort vinegar and  lime sulphur were the most effective at reducing pollen germination and pollen tube  length in vitro.  A separate project involved the development of molecular markers to identify  eleven apple cultivars found in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia. These markers  could be used to identify cross-compatible apple cultivars: a process that is important for  establishing orchard designs of new cultivars. We are also developing molecular markers  to identify paternity in open-pollinated orchards. To identify compatible cultivars, we ran  isoelectric focusing gels on total pistillate proteins to identify the self-incompatibility  genotype of each apple cultivar. Unfortunately the S-genotype of the cultivars could not  be conclusively identified. To examine paternity in open-pollinated orchard arrays, we  2  developed Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers for the eleven cultivars and  scored eighteen progeny to determine paternity. These markers are still being developed  and could prove to have various applied benefits to the apple industry in the Annapolis  Valley.

abstract: Biology