title: Analysis of Lithic Debitage from Fluted Point Sites in Ontario

contributor:
Ramsden, Peter G.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
This thesis is concerned with the interpretation of lithic debitage from two fluted point sites in Ontario: the Park-hill and McLeod sites. Given the extremely homogenous nature of the debitage collections, a typological analysis was undertaken. Explanation of the variability between debitage attribute clusters (i.e. debitage types) is based on two factors, namely, the types of tools being altered and the stages and steps in the manufacture of lithic tools from which the debitage was derived.

As a result of the above endeavours: (1) hypotheses about the nature of site activities suggested by the lithic tools from a site or site area are tested with information on site activities derived from an examination of the debitage collections; (2) the lithic reduction sequence on the sites examined is partially constructed; (3) the breakdown of this sequence into segments practiced at different loci of activity is documented and discussed; (4) conclusions are presented as to t he relative length of occupation, temporal ordering and association of discrete loci of lithic activities from an examination of the channel flake collection; and (5), the possible significance of some inconsistencies between the relative frequency of certain lithic material types among the debitage and the lithic tool categories is discussed.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Foreign Infiltration into Rome, as viewed by Juvenal and other Writers of the Early Empire

subject: Classical Literature and Philology

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sawdust Bay-2: The Identification of a Middle Woodland Site in the Ottawa Valley

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
Attention in this thesis is directed towards the analysis, description and identification of Sawdust Bay-2, a small prehistoric site located on the Ottawa River, in relation to the previous classification of Middle Woodland groups for the Ottawa Valley.

The assemblage recovered from Sawdust Bay-2 includes ceramic, lithic and faunal material. Ceramics are characterized by grit tempered, coil manufactured vessels, featuring a predominance of 9seudo scallop shell impressions and a relatively moderate incidence of interior brushing. A small number of finished chipped stone tools, made of chert, were identified. A majority of the faunal material identified from the collection is mammalian with minor amounts of reptilian remains and only two fish elements.

The assemblage is comparable to assemblages identified for other Middle Woodland groups, including those of the Laurel, Saugeen and Point Peninsula Traditions. Specific similarities with those features identified by Ritchie (1969) for the Point Peninsula Tradition have resulted in the assignment of Sawdust Bay-2 to this tradition.

Observable differences in attribute frequencies between Ottawa River Drainage Basin sites, represented by Sawdust Bay-2 and the ceramic assemblage from the Kant site, and other contemporary Point Peninsula sites in New York State have led to the identification of the Ottawa Valley Phase. This phase, extending approximately from 100 B.C. to A.D. 200, is suggested to be distinguished by a predominance of pseudo scallop shell and dentate ceramic impressions, with a moderate incidence (25%) of interior brushing. The lithic inventory features a predominance of chert chipped stone tools with very few rough stone tools. Existing faunal data and the absence of such tools as net-sinkers, harpoons and fish hooks suggests that fishing may not have been as important a subsistence activity as it appears to have been for northern Laurel groups and southern Point Peninsula populations.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Growing Up in Mid-Nineteenth Century Rural Ontario: A Microstudy

contributor:
Gagan, D. P.
History

subject: History History

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Yeats and The Hugh Lane Controversy

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Culture History of Kirkland Lake District, Northeastern Ontario

contributor:
Noble, William C.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
In this thesis the culture history of the 5,633 square mile Kirkland Lake District of Northeastern Ontario is examined. Drawing upon archaeological materials amassed during two years of fieldwork involving description and analysis of three major archaeological sites along with supporting evidence from ethnology and ethnohistory, an attempt has been made to delineate a cultural-chronological sequence extending from the historic era back to circa 4500-5000 B.C.

To this end, four cultural phases representing three separate cultural traditions are defined. These are the Abitibi Narrows and Mattawan phases of the Shield Archaic Tradition, the Eastern Laurel phase of the Laurel Tradition, and the Duncan Lake phase representing a terminal Woodland Northern Algonquin Tradition.

Five basic research problems are initially posed by the author for the area, and all five are answered positively in this thesis. Several, however, clearly require further research in the future. By delineating the various cultural phases and cultural chronology of this district in north eastern Ontario, this thesis has laid the foundation for future archaeological and ethnohistorical work in this previously unknown part of Northern Ontario.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Residents' Reappraisal of a Landfill: A Case Study in Stoney Creek, Ontario

contributor:
Elliott, Susan J.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Geography and Earth Sciences
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract:
This thesis discusses a longitudinal study of psychosocial effects in a population living within 2 kilometers of the Taro Aggregates Ltd. East Landfill site in Stoney Creek, Ontario. This facility has been the source of longstanding concerns among residents in the surrounding community. The focus of the study is local residents' reappraisal of the landfill over a nine-year period. The theoretical basis for the research lies in the fields of environmental stress and coping, place effects and risk perception. A telephone survey was administered to a random stratified (by distance) sample of households during the decision making process (1996) and five years after the landfill site was constructed and began operation (2002). In-depth interviews were conducted with a sub-set of respondents in 2005 in order to better understand how people act in, and give meaning to, their own lives. The scope of this research is based on the need for additional comparative, as well as longitudinal, studies that measure how individuals and communities respond to the process of making the decision to site a landfill, and how these responses change over time as they live with the landfill. This work is part of an ongoing, multidisciplinary research program designed to determine the impacts of exposure to environmental stressors on human health and well-being and to develop strategies to reduce their adverse effects.

Residents' reappraisal of the Taro East Landfill site reveals little change in the frequency of landfill concerns over time, with over half the respondents maintaining concerns about the site in the post-siting process. There was a significant increase in the frequency of health concern, a shift in the nature of the health concern (short-term vs. long-term) and a reduced frequency of daily life effects (perceived/anticipated) and action-focused coping as residents lived with the landfill. While most used a variety of coping strategies to mitigate effects, emotion-focused strategies were used with greater frequency. The results reveal a range of factors that mediate residents' reappraisal of the landfill related to context (e.g., lack of meaningful involvement in the siting process, mismanagement, incidents), composition (e. g., socioeconomic status, dwelling tenure and type) and collective (e.g., distrust, inequity, stigma). These findings imply an ongoing process of reappraisal whereby, for many, latent concerns remain even though they have adapted to the landfill over time. The longitudinal nature of this study, the integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches, and the focus on factors affecting the reappraisal of an environmental stressor, are the primary contributions of this research.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Berkeley's Philosophy of Science

contributor:
Naja, S. M.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This paper is an examination of Berkeley's philosophy of science, and the connections of his views on science with the rest of his metaphysics. Berkeley's ontology is outlined so as to provide a groundwork from which his arguments for his theory of science can be more easily seen. The distinction between real explanation and scientific explanation is drawn and examined. The possibility of having scientific knowledge is examined within the content of Berkeley's epistemology in general, and the consistency of Berkeley's view of science with his analysis of perception is considered. The question of Berkeley's instrumentalism and reductionism is examined in the context of his treatment of mathematical hypotheses (i.e., force, gravity, mass, etc.). Lastly, Berkeley's views on space, time, and motion are considered within the context of his views on science in general.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Health Conditions at Norway House Residential School, 1900 - 1946

contributor:
Herring, D. Ann
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: The Norway House Residential School (NHRS), operated by the Methodist Church from 1900 to 1946, was located in Norway House, Manitoba. Like other Native Residential Schools at the time, the students suffered from poor health and a high mortality rate. Tuberculosis was the most common illness, although outbreaks of other infectious diseases, such as the common cold, influenza, and childhood diseases, occurred within the school. Health problems among the children can be linked to the numerous deficiencies of the Residential School system such as under funding, overcrowding, poor nutrition, little to no medical facilities, and poorly built and maintained buildings. The school environment was conducive to the spread of infectious diseases and increased the children's susceptibility to illness. However, the poor health of the children in the residential school can not be separated from the health conditions found in the children's home communities. The students of NHRS were not completely isolated from the residents of Norway House. They attended classes with the day school students and weekly church services. Thus infectious diseases circulating in the community and surrounding communities could easily spread to and from the school. Additionally, tuberculosis and the associated living conditions were a widespread problem in the home communities. Children were often exposed to the disease at home prior to enrolment at the school which lead to high rates within NHRS as well.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Modeing Spatial Variations in Housing Prices----- An Investigation of the Individual and Joint Effects of Spatial Autocorrelation and Spatial Heterogeneity

contributor:
Páez, Antonio
Geography and Earth Sciences

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: In Search of Clarity: A Comparison of Current and Novel Measurement Techniques Involved in the Description of Age-Related Transparent Root Dentine In the Human Permanent Dentition

contributor:
Saunders, S. R.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: The primary goal of this thesis is the determination of the most appropriate means of measuring physiological root dentine transparency in the permanent human dentition to estimate age-at-death of skeletal remains. Although a number of internal and external factors may conceivably contribute to the observed discrepancies between predicted values and true ages, the magnitude of the influence exerted by such extraneous factors cannot be quantified until a standardized means of measurement has been agreed upon. To this end, two samples of teeth, one derived from an archaeological context (N=32) and the other a sample of recently-extracted teeth (N=32), have been examined as intact and sectioned specimens. Traditional area and linear measurements of transparency have been made under stereomicroscope. In addition, a novel volumetric measurement of transparent regions has been approximated via micro-CT analysis of densitometric differences within affected root areas. The relative value of each measurement in the prediction of age has been assessed via a description of the association with chronological age for each variable, with unscaled measurements of area displaying the highest correlation with age (r=0.711 ). Alternative curve fitting techniques have also been explored. The poor correlation with chronological age reported for densitometric measurements of transparent dentine (r=0.142) is likely indicative of local differences in root dentine histology prior to the advancement of transparency. This research has also served to illustrate the amount of variance in measurements of transparency irrespective of the means of measurement applied. Future research should be directed towards the development of age-predictive formulae based on area measurements of transparency made on sectioned specimens. However, until the ultimate causal mechanism underlying the progression of root dentine transparency is uncovered, the strength of the association of this phenomenon with chronological age will continue to fluctuate between teeth in an unpredictable manner. Such error will limit the accuracy of age predictions within both the archaeological and forensic contexts.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Fiction of W. Somerset Maugham: From Power to Craftsmanship

contributor:
Haddow, G. C.
Wiles, McK. R.
English

subject:
English
English Language and Literature

abstract: A study of W. Somerset Maugham as a writer of fiction; in particular, an attempt to explain how he lost in power and gained in technique in those works that follow of Human Bondage.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sitting on an island: nurses in the Canadian North

contributor:
Counts, David
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
The nature of the practitioner/patient relationship has profound effect on the quality of health care. If this relationship is poorly managed (i.e. is susceptible to misunderstandings, tension and breakdowns), health care will be socially, psychologically, and sometimes even medically, inadequate and/or inappropriate. Intercultural health care is especially vulnerable to this problem, as practitioner and patient often interpret events or situations in different ways, according to their own cultural background.

This paper is concerned with one such case of intercultural health care. In the Canadian north, health care is almost always controlled and distributed by nonnative doctors and nurses from the south. These people may have good intentions towards their native patients, but they are usually unable to communicate these attitudes to their patients and/or actualize them as behaviour. As a rule, natives and non-natives view and treat one another in terms of stereotypes rather than as individuals.

Northern nurses are expected to be empathetic "comforters" as well as curers, but the structure of native/white (Le. non-native) relations in the north makes this very difficult. Both interactional and network theories will be used to analysize the manner in which most nurses relate to their patient population. The Quality and quantity of a nurse's relations to the community around her strongly influence her tenure in the north and how she is evaluated by others.

A great many northern nurses retreat to the "total institution" of the nursing station or hospital and have few informal or personalistic encounters with native people. It will be argued that this behaviour is largely a response to the double bind inherent in northern society as to how nurses should interact with their native patients. Many of the problems exhibited in northern health care stem not from indifference or negligence, but are created by the poor quality of crosscultural communication currently typical of white nurses and native patients.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Study of the Four Inner City Churches

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: Bachelor of Divinity (BD)


title: A Survey of Canadian Immigration Policy, Its development and Effect with Special Reference to Prevailing Canadian Attitudes on the Subject

subject: Political Economy

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Lest the Beaver Run Loose: The Early 17th Century Christianson Site and Trends in Historic Neutral Archaeology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
The following aspects of the ca. A.D. 1615 Neutral Iroquoian Christianson village site will be emphasized: 1. an examination of the ecological factors which may have influenced its placement; 2. the morphology of the site, focusing on interior longhouse planning ; and 3. analysis of the artifact assemblage. The artifact descriptions are primarily directed at those parts of the assemblage which could be attributed to ethnohistorically documented accounts of contacts the Neutral had with aboriginal groups and Europeans. While many of the connections are inferred archaeologically to have been based in the pre-European contact period, certain branches developed or, more possibly , were amplified after the Neutral became involved on a large scale in the fur trade some time around A.D. 1615. The desire of Europeans to deal directly with the Neutral about this time is interpreted as being the initiation of intensive participation of the Neutral in the fur trade.

Ceramic, lithic, shell, and European artifacts, perhaps certain faunal remains, and aspects of longhouse interments indicate the Christianson site belongs to the period when Europeans, perhaps Étienne Brûlé in 1615 , first entered Neutralia.

As such, the identification of the intensity of foreign manifestations are important in identifying the pervasiveness of the effect of Europeans on Neutral relationships. While there does appear to have been notable consequences of the Neutral involvement in the fur trade, such as the Neutral-Fire Nation wars and an increased trade in marine shell, the overall intensity is not as great for the entire network as may have been suspected from an ethnocentric point of view.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Immigration Problems of Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa

subject:
Mathematics
Political Economy

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: Immigration Problems of Canada

subject: Political Economy

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: An Ecological Study of Phytoplankton in Coote's Paradise

contributor:
Harris, G. P.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
During the period June, 1973 to May, 1974 limnological studies were carried out on the waters of Coote's Paradise, a marsh and wildlife sanctuary in Hamilton, Ontario. All of the indicles of eutrophication measured indicated that the marsh ranked among the most eutrophic of aquatic systems in temperate regions. The secondary treated sewage which was discharged into the western end of the marsh from the Dundas Sewage treatment plant was the primary source of nutrients.

The phytoplankton populations showed a prolonged summer bloom typical of aquatic systems polluted by sewage effluent. Chlorophyll a, used as an index of biomass, was highest during the spring and summer, and lowest during the fall and winter. The converse was true for the nutrients. Phytoplankton decreases and increases were correlated with changes in the light/temperature regimes during the fall and spring transition periods. Temperature had a pronounced effect upon chlorophyll variations between January and May 1974 in West Pond.

Weekly biomass variations during the summer at stations 4 and 12 were related to a complex of interactions involving eleven environmental parameters. Station 4 was located in the western end of the marsh and station 12 was in the eastern end. Nitrate-nitrogen was suspected to be the nutrient which was limiting algal growth in the western end of the marsh. Phosphorous mining in the sediments and nitrification of ammonia were observed in the Desjardins Canal and West Pond.

The west and east-end sample stations of the marsh were significantly different in phytoplankton composition and nutrient status when compared to each other. Algal genera and species typical of highly eutrophic waters were observed in West Pond and in the main open water area (station 12). Chlorophyta were the dominant group in West Pond, while Cyanophyta formed the dominant group in the main area during the summer of 1973. Species composition and dominance of major algal groups changed with the seasons at both station 4 and station 12.

During the summer, chlorophyll averaged 695 mg/M' in the West Pond stations and about 196 mg/M' in the main open water area stations. N/P ratios were lower in the west end stations than in the east end stations. Nutrients in the sewage effluent had a greater effect on algal activity at those stations near the point of discharge (stations 1 through 6). By the time the waters reached station 6, 80% of inorganic phosphate and about 90% of nitrate-nitrogen were removed. In this respect, the West Pond area (20 acres) can be regarded as a sewage lagoon performing further treatment on the incoming sewage effluent. As a result, a decreased nutrient loading was discharged into the main open water area. This may have been a significant factor in determining the different phytoplankton structure in the main open water area.

Diurnal studies indicated that observed variations of various parameters were not great enough to affect an interpretation of seasonal changes based on data, collected on a bi-weekly schedule (providing that sampling was consistent). Diurnal studies also suggested that wind speed, incident solar radiation, and previous light history may have been important in explaining chlorophyll variations.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Underdevelopment of Atlantic Canada 1867-1920: A Study of the Development of Capitalism

contributor:
Clement, Wallace
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The present study has attempted both a linear and a structural analysis of the development/underdevelopment of Atlantic Canada. The necessity of the "evolution" of capitalist industrial production and its subsequent transition to competitive corporate capitalism and finally monopoly corporate capitalism was deduced from a structural model of "capital". In conjunction with this "movement of capital", propelled ahead by inherent contradictions within the production of capital, we have traced its phenomenal correspondence -- the creation of a capitalist state and a national economy, the rise of new classes and fractions of classes and the decline and fall of old classes and fractions thereof, and the concentration an centralization of units of financial and productive capital. Concurrent with these developments we saw the development of industrial production in Central Canada and the rise and demise of industry In Atlantic Canada. These two events the development of industry In Central Canada and the deindustrialization of Atlantic Canada -- it was shown were not distinct, but rather mutually conditioned.

What this study indicates, with regard to development studies in general, is the methodological bankruptcy of the neo-classical perspective, the analytical shortcomings of staple theory, and the possibilities of Marxism as an alternative mode of approach. In particular, it shows the importance of a wholistic, historical and structural approach.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sociology of the New Deal and a New Deal for Sociology

contributor:
Cuneo, Carl
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
An attempt was made in this thesis to explore some of the relationships between New Deal politics and sociology in post-1930 America. It was argued that uncritical acceptance of the logic of domination embodied in New Deal politics prevented sociologists from confronting the central problems of freedom and reason in an industrialized society-world. Using pre-defined categories for investigation and accepting a methodology that embodied the logic of domination, sociologists translated moral and political questions into administrative and methodological questions.

From this perspective, sociologists have performed a vital service to the development of the theory and practice of the modern business state, although this is not to say that sociologists have had a profound impact on anyone besides themselves. The sociologists role was that of a state-builder in that the ideology of the state was covertly supported in a maze of scientistic rhetoric and slogans which, in effect, hid ideology from sociologists and thus ended debate within the discipline. As moral and political lines of thought were excluded from debate (but not the content of sociological work), the way was opened for increased participation in state and corporate sponsored projects and in the training of properly trained civil servants.

The importance of sociology in the New Deal was not whether it was right or wrong but in the way questions were addressed and answered--the way the problem of liberty and order in a highly industrialized world was evaded.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Biblical Allusions in Milton's "Paradise Lost"

subject:
English
English Language and Literature

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "To file or not to file...": A Study of Organizational Structure and Orientation to Clients

contributor:
Sheriff, Peta
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This thesis addresses an issue which has been relatively neglected in the sociological study of organizations, namely, the relationship between organizations and clients. The specific focus of the research is the effect of internal organizational structure on the organization's orientations towards its client population. Two social service agencies were chosen for a comparative case study of their structures and the ways in which they perceived their clients. The research model treats organizational structure as the independent variable and orientations towards clients as the dependent variable. In addition, the attitudes of staff members towards their work were included as intervening variables.

Data was collected by means of questionnaires and personal interviews with the staff members of the two agencies studied. Other sources of data were organizational documents and the observations of the author of the actual operations of these organizations. Six dimensions of organizational structure were examined: centralization, formalization, complexity, routineness of work, communication patterns, and the power base of the directors of each agency. Three aspects of staff attitudes towards their work were measured: alienation, job satisfaction, and job-related tension. The dependent variable, orientations towards clients, was based on the measurement of five different dimensions: laterality, perceived complexity of clients, the extent to which the agency invested its resources in optimal candidates for 'success', the degree of emotional involvement of staff with clients, and the degree of social distance maintained between staff and clients.

The hypothesis guiding the research was that increased bureaucratization of structure would be related to a higher degree of alienation of staff from their work, lower job satisfaction, and a lower degree of job-related tension. A higher degree of bureaucratization was predicted also to be associated with a low degree of laterality, the interpretation of clients as relatively non-complex, a greater investment of the organization's resources in potentially 'successful' clients, a minimal degree of emotional involvement with clients, and increased social distance between staff and clients.

The results indicated that the dimensions of organizational structure examined tended to vary independently of each other and neither agency could be regarded as completely 'bureaucratic' or totally 'non-bureaucratic'. Similarly, the dimensions characterizing client-orientations were not found to exist to the same degree within each of the agencies. The evidence from the two agencies studied here indicates that the relationship between internal structure and orientations towards clients is more complex than the initial hypotheses had predicted. The findings suggest that specific orientations towards clients are associated with specific dimensions of organizational structure. Some support was also found for the role of technology as an independent variable in relation to other dimensions of structure.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Socio-historical Development of the Public (Elementary and Secondary) School System in Upper Canada (Ontario)

contributor:
Ripton, R. A.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
It is the purpose of this thesis to study the historical foundations of the elementary and secondary school system in Ontario. By outlining the proceedings, over time, of John Strachan and Egerton Ryerson, it can be seen that by the end of the nlneteenth century the basis of Ontario's system was established.

The major thrust of education, its purpose, was the preservation and maintenance of the existing order: that is, of the aristocracy in the colonial period; and of the economic, political and social elite in later times. This observation leads to the conclusion, that, there was a continuity from historical period to historical period of the purpose of educating the public. This conclusion is that education is used to support the domination of a minority of people over the rest of the population. Further to this conclusion, by examining historical trends, it can be seen that this purpose has remained with us to the present.. And, that the purpose has been sustained by the perseverance of the basic structure of the school system since the late nineteenth century.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An Examination of the Problem of Government Intervention in the Forward Exchange Market, wit Special Reference to Revent British and American Experience

contributor:
Scammell, W. M.
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: ANTICHOLINERGIC THERAPY IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: NOVEL MECHANISMS OF ACTION

contributor: Medical Sciences (Division of Physiology/Pharmacology)

subject:
COPD
Exercise
Tiotropium
Gas Exchange
Cardiac Output
Circulatory and Respiratory Physiology
Circulatory and Respiratory Physiology

abstract:
Abstract:

Introduction:

Because the relationship between pulmonary function and exercise tolerance is highly variable in COPD, other contributing factors were investigated. Physiological factors that contribute to exercise tolerance must contribute to the symptoms limiting exercise, thus the symptoms limiting exercise in COPD and their contributing factors were explored, including an investigation of novel mechanisms to explore the reported tiotropium bromide-mediated improvement in exercise tolerance in COPD.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of 4,424 COPD patients and 4,221 healthy subjects; referred to McMaster University Medical Center for exercise testing. Multiple linear regression, ridge regression, and MANOVA were utilized to determine the factors contributing to exercise tolerance, important symptoms limiting exercise, and factors contributing to dyspnea.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 20 COPD subjects was performed. Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to determine effects of 3 weeks tiotropium bromide vs. 3 weeks placebo on cardiac output and efficiency of gas exchange during exercise.

Results:

MBC, DLCO, and quadriceps strength were the three major, independent, contributors to exercise capacity (MPO = -206.3 + 5.1*Quadriceps Strength + 1.8*MBC + 10.0*DLCO, r2 = 0.677). MANOVA further illustrated this.

Dyspnea, alone or in equal combination with leg effort, was the most important symptom limiting exercise in COPD. VE and MBC were the two major, independent, contributors to dyspnea (Dyspnea = 0.95 + 0.08*VE + -0.01*MBC, r2 = 0.457). The increase in dyspnea with VE was much greater than the decrease with MBC.

Tiotropium bromide did not significantly (p = 0.72) improve the efficiency of gas exchange for oxygen, significantly worsened (p = 0.005) the efficiency of gas exchange for carbon dioxide, and did not improve cardiac output.

Conclusion:

We concluded the reported tiotropium bromide-mediated improvement in exercise tolerance in COPD is not mediated through improvements in gas exchange efficiency and/or cardiac output.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)


title: Sparse Sampling of Velocity MRI

contributor:
Anand, Christopher
Computational Engineering and Science

subject:
Optimization
Velocity MRI
Sparse sampling
k-space
Computational Engineering
Computational Engineering

abstract: Standard MRI is used to image objects at rest. In addition to standard MRI images, which measure tissues at rest, Phase Contrast MRI can be used to quantify the motion of blood and tissue in the human body. The current method used in Phase Contrast MRI is time consuming. The development of new trajectories has minimized imaging time, but creates sub-sampling errors. The proposed method uses regularization of velocities and proton densities to eliminate errors arising from k-space under-sampling.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The Social Construction of Reality in Northern Ireland: A Background to Catholic-Protestant Divisions

contributor:
Matthews, R.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis attempts to apply an interpretive analysis to the background to the escalation of social conflict in Northern Ireland during the 1960's. The problem is analysized from a perspective that emphasizes the socially and historically constructed nature of 'reality'. The social construction of reality perspective used stresses that in order to understand how people come to act as they do, it is necessary to grasp the frame of reference of the actors. An explanation is then built up using the actor's definitions of the situation. This thesis argues that people in Northern Ireland acted toward intersubjectively constructed definitions of reality and that these are key factors in the explanation of social conflict in Northern Ireland. Although it is argued in this thesis that social conflict in Northern Ireland is not simply religious warfare, it is held that the categories of Protestant and Catholic are still the relevant terms by which to analyze the problem. The significace of the terms Catholic and Protestant with respect to the present social conflict in Northern Ireland is, in large part, derived from their historical relationship. This phenomenon is investigated as the origins of the politicoideological groups presently engaged in conflict in Northern Ireland are traced to Ireland's colonial past. I attempt to show how various cognitive constructs, values, beliefs and structures from the past were sedimented through the historical process of reality construction and how they persisted as subjectively relevant up until present time.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Impact of Monetary Policy on Housing in Canada and the Adjustment of the Residential Mortgage Market to Changing Credit Conditions

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Analysis and Optimization for Humane trap Design

contributor:
Newcombe, W. R.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
The stirrup type spring that is used in the Conibear series of trans was analyzed and new springs for this type of trap were designed utilizing the non-linear optimization technique.

The Jacob trap concert combined with the concept of a swinging interior mechanism for animal control was developed and optimized and four prototypes were manufactured and evaluated.

Analytical methods for predicting the theoretical energy of closing Conibear and Jacob trans at various jaw openings were developed.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The Appraisal of Discriminatory Trade Practices by the Canadian Restrictive Trade Practices Commission

contributor:
Maule, C. J.
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract:
The Restrictive Trade Practices Commission exists in Canada to provide an objective appraisal of the effects of particular practices on the public interest, divorced from the actual procedure of prosecution under the Combines Investigation Act. The work examines from the Commission's published reports the appraisal by the Commission of discriminatory trade practices.

The history of the legislation and the development of the Restrictive Trade Practices Commission are discussed, to indicate the Commission's terms of reference. A chapter is then devoted to an economic analysis of discriminatory practices, and its conclusions are used to criticise strongly the Commission's appraisal of such practices.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Dependence, Class and Race in a Colonial Formation: An Analysis of Guyana, 1600-1917

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Myth and Violence in Northern Ireland

contributor:
Mol, J. J.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This thesis is an examination of the concepts of myth and violence and their inter-relationship, in the specific context of Northern Ireland. It demonstrates that those phenomena have, in Ulster, given rise to a distinct type of group cohesion and group conflict.

The thesis begins with an overview of the treatment accorded to the concepts of myth and violence in social theory. The insights from this discussion are then applied to the concrete socio-historical problem in hand.

The evolution of the myths is examined within the colonial history of the province, and their role in shaping both the present social structure of Ulster and the perceptions of the social actors concerned is emphasized. This thesis also attempts to explain why violence has been chosen as the most appropriate form of social action by a significant section of the population and, moreover, why it has become habitual. The mtuality of the myths and the violence is made apparent.

The thesis concludes that the specific type of conflict now apparent in Ulster is contingent upon and reinforces the special type of group cohesion one finds there. This cohesion and conflict, it is contended, are significantly influenced by the myths and violence, and have rendered unto them their distinct character.

The conflict in Northern Ireland seems, to many, to be a mystifying and anachronistic struggle. By focusing on the factors which give the conflict this seemingly incongruous character, the thesis intends to further the understanding of a complex social situation, and to demonstrate a new application of integration and coercion theories.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Role-taking as a Cognitive Process in the Writings of George Herbert Mead and Jean Piaget

contributor:
Marshall, Victor W.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
Role-taking, as considered in the writings of the social psychologist George Herbert Mead, is a developmental construct essential for social interaction. Since its early formulations, however, it has suffered from conceptual confusion and misrepresentation. The present study analyzes the nature and development of role-taking ability in the works of G. H. Mead and Jean Piaget in order to provide clarification of the concept and elucidation of the factors considered conducive for its development.

It is argued that Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental framework, reinterprettaed in Meadian terms, provides important extensions to the theory of role-taking: by relating the development of language and this ability in children; by offering a more thorough analysis of the development of meaning; by providing further clarification of the specific features of the interaction situation important for development.

Examination of current research strategies suggests that present global and static measures of social interaction and role-taking be replaced by the original formulations of Mead and Piaget which emphasize role-taking as a cognitive process occurring in interaction. Systematic and detailed exploration of the interaction situation at the individual level is needed. In addition, analyses must consider the child's stage of development in conjunction with interactions in the social environment.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Hungarian Ethnic Group: A Focus on an Ontario Community

contributor:
Smith, June
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to study the Hungarians of Kolonia as a viable ethnic group. With participant observation the method of data collection, a social historical analysis of the Hungarian community is presented. Developed within the thesis are the following themes (A) an analysis of the waves of immigration coupled with the distribution of Hungarians in Canada, (8) a description of the research site and its attributes with regard to its accommodation of Hungarian immigrants (C) a discussion of the social historical development of the Hungarian "kingpins" and their role in the informal community, (D) an outline of the rise of the formal ethnic institutions and their inter-relationships, (E) a study of the effects varying outside contacts have on ethnic identity and (F) an examination of the ingroup system of social stratification and upward mobility. The general conclusions drawn from the study may be summarized in this manner. There are apparent in Canadian society viable ethnic groups worthy of sociological research. Such minority groups display a keen sense of community both in their structural and cultural makeup and these without question prove to be rich areas for further research.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Similes of John Milton

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Police Organization as a Mechanism of Social Control in Nineteenth-Century Hamilton

contributor:
Brymer, R.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This study examines the police organization of the Hamilton community and the nature of its relationship with its urban environment during the nineteenth century. The central theme of this thesis states that with increasing urbanization there has been a corresponding increase in society's reliance upon formal mechanisms of control. For the purpose of the study the police organization has been defined as an example of such a mechanism of social control operating within the urban setting and it is argued that the development of this organization has paralleled the growth of the city. The examination of the Hamilton community during the nineteenth century, a period of increasing urbanization and industrialization, provides a means for analysis of the nature of the relationship between this particular police organization and an increasingly urbanizing environment.

Furthermore, it is suggested that since the development and growth of the police organization occurs over time, it must of necessity be studied as an historical process and consideration must be given to the concept of change and to the influence of social, political, and structural variables within the urban community environment.

This analysis of the police within the Hamilton setting is meant to outline one perspective that will aid in the further understanding of the development and use of this particular mechanism of formal control. It is hoped that from this point of departure possible alternatives for additional study will emerge for the further examination and analysis of the nature and process of social order and the utilization of both formal and informal mechanisms of social control in the twentieth century.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Economy of Assimilation: Land Policy in Aboriginal Communities

contributor:
Veall, Mike
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: Beginning the 1880's, the United States government entered a period of active assimilation for Native peoples. Key to this programme was the practise of privatizing reserve lands, known as allotment. The complex structure of property rights that evolved out of the allotment era fractionated land title and locked Native peoples into forced co-ownership, making it impossible for land owners to coordinate economic activities and use land resources efficiently. While assimilationist policy makers sacrificed their short-term goals of allotting lands in private ownership, fractionation served their long-term objectives to force a change in informal economic institutions. By using allotment to limit enforcement mechanisms and exacerbate collective action problems, assimilationists destroyed Native community groups and eroded pro-social norms of cooperation to promote norms of individualism and independent action that corresponded to their vision of American mainstream values.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Sex, Race & Sacrifice: Union Organizers in the New Labour Movement

contributor:
Yates, Charlotte
Labour Studies

abstract:
The rallying cry to 'organize the unorganized' is a key part of the new labour movement's rebirth in Canada and the United States of America. Thus, unions have begun to expand their organizing departments with an eye to hiring organizers that 'match' their target membership. However, an in-depth examination of the experiences of racialized and White women organizers in particular, has not been conducted and taking into consideration that women and racialized workers are key to labour renewal, their experiences as union staff are hugely significant. These experiences serve as an entry point into a larger anti-racist and feminist analysis of new labour.

While the new social movement union principles include diversity, worker empowerment and militancy, and democracy and it takes pains to distinguish itself from the old type of business unionism with its hierarchical structures and focus on seiVic8s, the new labour movement conflates the differences between it and the old business union model which masks its undermining of these principles. The new labour movement justifies its inconsistent behaviours in a context of crisis that is defined purely in terms of numbers. The crisis mentality intersects with structural inequalities to further marginalize racialized and White women organizers, who have been 'brought' into the new labour movement on a platform of union renewal, and creates an environment in which such women may self-censor and sacrifice themselves for a perceived common good. This ultimately undermines the union renewal project as a whole.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Nationalism and Language Conflict in Quebec

contributor:
Legendre, C.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The thesis, in opposition to dominant approaches in the literature, attempts to delineate a new theory on nationalism which is grounded in ongoing ideological and socio-economic changes in Quebec society. Language conflict is treated as a particularly relevant and approachable variable in the components which fuse to create, the ideology nationalism. The discussion centres on class as a source of ideological elements in nationalism, and suggests ways in which nationalist ideology and nationalist proponents interact both within Quebec and in the larger system of modern monopoly capitalism. The conclusion drawn is that nationalism reflects not only national consciousness, but class consciousness too. Hence, those characteristics of class conflict which typify relations between classes can also be seen in the relations between class nationalists and among the state, the dominant class and class nationalists.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Vibration Analysis of Plates, Shells and Bladed Rimmed Discs using the Transfer Matrix-Finite Element Method

contributor:
Dokainish, M. A.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
In recent years, the vibration problems associated with turbine blades have become of increasing importance. Blades in a gas turbine can fail if they are subjected to alternating forces having certain frequencies. Thus a need has arisen for accurate determination of these dangerous frequencies, so that the possibility of failure occurring during running can be avoided.

This thesis presents a numerical method to predict the frequencies which must be avoided in the design of gas turbines. The accuracy of the method is tested by using it to solve some vibration problems for which analytical or experimental results are available.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Tool Wear in End Milling Slots

contributor:
Tlusty,  J.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
This thesis records an investigation of tool wear in milling slots with carbide-tipped and high speed steel end milling cutters as well as the development of the equipment used. The study is limited to one conventional material (mild steel) and one difficult-to-machine alloy (multimet) only.

The first four chapters present a general review of machinability of materials, description of tool materials and various mechanisms of tool failure. Discussion of problems related to the machinability of heat resistant alloys as well as a discussion on machining under interrupted cutting conditions are included. The theories described are used in interpreting the experimental results.

The fifth chapter describes the development of a Quick-Stop Device. This device is used in metal cutting research to rapidly reduce the velocity of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece to zero. The device enables investigations to be made of the geometrical and metallurgical behaviour of the chip as it is born.

In Chapter VI the effect of various cutting conditions on the development of the tool wear while end milling steel as well as multimet is analyzed and optimum cutting conditions for end milling the two materials are recommended.

In order to try to explain some of the phenomena observed. Turning experiments simulating previous milling operations were carried out and are described in Chapter VII. Here it was possible to separate the aspects of thin and thick chips from the aspects of interrupted cutting. The results of these tests indicate that the thin portion of the chip obtained at the entry and exit of end milling cutter affects tool life much less than the thick part of the chip. However, even these tests did not explain why it was rather the total number of cut interruptions than the actual cutting time which influenced tool life. Further research will be necessary in looking into both the mechanical and thermal shock aspects.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: The split in the AFL-CIO: Implications for the Canadian Labour Movement

abstract:
In July 2005, six unions withdrew from the central labour federation in the United States, the AFL-CIO. In September 2005, joined by a seventh union, the disaffiliated unions formed a rival labour federation called Change to Win (CTW).

On the surface according to Stem, leader of the CTW coalition, what divides the two sides of the split is a disagreement over whether or not to place greater emphasis on organizing new members or altering the political climate in the US in order to facilitate organizing.

This thesis explores some of the earlier debates within the union renewal literature in the US and in Canada and exposes many of the similarities between the 1995 "New Voices" leadership of the AFL-CIO and the CTW leadership. Through a description and analysis of the events that led to the split in the AFL-CIO, the limitations of the debates that led to the split are revealed and the strategies for union renewal advanced by the proponents of CTW are critiqued. Drawing on interviews with elected leaders and staff from some of the Canadian sections of the CTW unions, one of the largest Canadian unions, the Ontario Federation of Labour and the Canadian Labour Congress, this thesis examines some of the implications of the split in the AFL-CIO on the Canadian labour movement. As trade unionists in Canada consider different approaches to union renewal, one option is to embrace an approach similar to the CTW approach: greater cooperation with employers and a more "efficient" business unionism. Another approach is union renewal with a socialist character; developing working-class capacities to construct socialist alternatives and renew the labour movement as an instrument of working-class struggle.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Albaek: A Danish Village Continuity of Behavioural Form

contributor:
Counts, David
Stortroen, C. E.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
In the traditional method of ethnology, field work in a Danish agricultural village was carried out by the candidate. On the basis of data obtained from the field wlork, the assumption is made that certain forms of behaviour have continued for at least several generations, that other forms of behaviour have changed in that time span, and that these conditions have existed and do exist within a changing social structure in a wider sense.

A comparison is drawn between periods defined as "the old days" and "modern times", according to the memory of residents of the village. Such comparison indicates change in some parts of the total social structure, as well as both change and continuity in behaviour.

To demonstrate the continuity of certain forms of behaviour, a specific event is described to which a generative model of transactional behaviour is applied. It is asserted: that the system of values on which the behaviour is based is related to land ownership and to bonds of kinship, friendship, and community; data are presented in the descriptive chapters in support of this statement.

On the theme of behavioural continuity and change within a changing social structure, two anthropological field studies are referred to and briefly related to the theoretical analysis and findings in the Danish village study.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: 'Continuous Improvement' and the Team Model at Honda of Canada Manufacturing

contributor:
Lewchuk, Wayne
Work and Society

subject:
Social Work
Work, Economy and Organizations
Social Work

abstract: This study examines how workers experience Japanese inspired manufacturing practices at Honda of Canada Manufacturing (HCM), Alliston assembly operations and associated parts suppliers. To address how lean production methods are changing production workers responsibilities and impacting job satisfaction, the nature of production work, and the implementation of the Kaizen philosophy are investigated. I predicted that production work at HCM and its suppliers consists of some of the same alienating working conditions as experienced by workers in traditional operations with less job rotation or formal employee participation schemes. The data revealed that despite job rotation production work at these operations is alienating: workers reported that their jobs were "mind-numbing" and that they were simply there for the pay-cheque. Interestingly, some of the same individuals also reported job satisfaction when their Kaizen suggestions were implemented-but most participants noted the difficulty in actually getting their suggestions to be acted on, and the arbitrary way in which managers can administer the participation programs. Secondly, it was predicted that lean production model would result in more alienating relationships between co-workers. The relations constructed through teamwork and total quality management, can combine to create situations where employees are encouraged to point out the inferior performance of their co-workers. Data demonstrating this hypothesis is more suggestive and less conclusive. While finding the answer to this question, two other issues that warrant attention were observed. Initially, production work at HCM is stratified into an informal hierarchy of jobs, beginning with assembly work and ending with final vehicle inspection. Intertwined with the stratification of jobs is a segmented internal labour market in which 'contract' and temporary help agency employees provide a just-in-time workforce. A secondary conclusion is made that suggests the team model results in more alienating relationships between co-workers when there is a two-tier employment system.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Prediction of Academic Performance

contributor:
Henry, Franklin
Sociology and Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Sociology Anthropology

abstract: A comparative study of the socio-economic and motivational characteristics of scholarship and non-scholarship undergraduate students, and an analysis of the variables which contribute to the likelihood of high academic performance. An evaluation of the Scholarship Programme at McMaster University.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The White-Collar Worker Goes On Strike: A Study In Union- Management Relations and the Development of Union Identification Among White-Collars

contributor:
Kolaja, Jiri
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis is a piece of empirical research concerned with the study of union-management relationship in conflict situation in the 'X' Company in Southern Ontario, Canada. The analysis centres on the causes or accumulation of causes of friction and the processes which led to the aggressive conflict in the plant. It also concerns the roles played by the participants throughout the conflict situation. The thesis illustrates how the draftsmen in a strike were transformed by it ,and how the meaning and the purpose of unionism to the strikers is changed by, indeed grew out of, the struggle in which they were engaged with their employers. The study is also concerned with the adjustment of social relationships in the plant after the strike. All proper names used in this study are pseudonyms.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: "Prepare for the worst": Rite of passage of Filipino women's settlement and integration in Canada, from the 1960's to the present

contributor:
Lewchuk, Wayne
Labour Studies

abstract: This thesis explores the settlement and integration of Filipino women. It identifies the migration waves of women from the Philippines from the 1960's to the current period and uses these periods of migration as a framework for understanding the barriers and integration processes of different immigrant groups. Sixteen Filipinas were interviewed and were asked about their immigration entry to Canada, prior expectations, migration process and their settlement and integration experiences. Demographic characteristics such as marital status, level of education, social networks and employment history were also gathered to provide a profile of the sample. Data on the periods of the immigration entry to Canada, housing accommodation and settlement organizations that assisted them enabled comparisons between the various immigration waves of Filipino women. Differences and similarities in labour market integration emerged. Initial findings illustrate that the settlement and integration of Filipinas are conditioned by their entry status in Canada. Filipinas' identities are grounded not only in their various ethnic heterogenous backgrounds but also in their global position as a group of workers in the social reproduction of caring labour. This comprises their labour diaspora and transnational identity and influences their cultural perception of work, adaptation labour strategies and the tension between their occupational and social status in Canada and their homeland.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: EXPLORING THE LOCAL AREA PLANNING PROCESS AND ITS IMPACTS ON RESIDENT'S PERCEPTIONS OF QUALITY OF LIFE: THE CASE OF THE PLEASANT HILL NEIGHBOURHOOD IN SASKATOON, SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA

contributor:
Williams, Allison
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: This thesis evaluates the Local Area Plan (LAP) process as a community development strategy for improving quality of life in the Pleasant Hill neighbourhood in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Pleasant Hill represents a low SES, inner city core neighbourhood that was targeted for the LAP in 2000 because of concerns over safety, physical deterioration and the loss of local amenities such as accessible transportation and recreation networks. Local Area Planning utilizes public participation to inform structural modification and resource distribution within the neighbourhood. To evaluate this process, this thesis examines to what extent residents' perceptions of quality of life have changed since defining the LAP for Pleasant Hill. Using data from two quantitative and qualitative crosssectional data sets (2001, 2004) collected in conjunction with the ongoing Quality of Life (QoL) study being conducted by the University of Saskatchewan's Community-University Institute for Social Research (CUISR), the diverse social, economic, health and environmental factors affecting quality of life are examined over time. Sixteen face-to-face interviews were also conducted in the summer of 2006 to understand the perspectives of stakeholders, including residents and the professional planners who worked on the LAP, regarding their involvement with the LAP process as well as its outcomes on quality of life in Pleasant Hill. Results show that there has been a positive change in perception of quality of life with regard to specific variables between 2001 and 2004, especially in relation to safety, homeownership, social programs and social cohesion. The perceptions from 2006 show these variables intensifying with heightened positive quality of life results with a continued emphasis on the perception of safety, opportunities for homeownership as well as strong feelings of progress, of pride and of investment in Pleasant Hill. These results suggest that the LAP has had an overall positive impact on resident's perceptions of the Pleasant Hill neighbourhood as well as neighbourhood and individual perceptions of quality of life.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Test to Assess the Significance of Differing Space Preferences in Consumer Spatial Choice Behavior

contributor:
Rushton, G.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: The study seeks to explain a dispersed population's spatial choices of urban places for retail expenditure. Specifically, it tests the previously untested hypothesis that consumers evaluate the same spatial opportunities being defined as differing space preferences, its predictive power is increased significantly when that constraint is relaxed. On this basis, the hypothesis that there are differing space preferences is accepted. In addition, the hypothesis is tested that differences in space preferences are related to differences in the socioeconomic characteristics of consumers. No relationship is found, and an alternative analysis is suggested. in the light of weakness in the existing test. Finally, the hypothesis is accepted that the predictive power of the model is least where a household has to choose between towns ranked closely by the model.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Interest of Sociology - Control or Emancipation

contributor:
Fleming, Berkeley
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The thesis is basically an examination of the ideological character of sociology. The acceptance of the problem of order as the problem for sociology and of its concomitant metaphysic of externality and constraint both lead to and reflect an interest in control and domination. The positivistic conception of knowledge which tends to justify this problem and its metaphysic views knowledge as the mirroring of a machine-like world order. This view precludes, a priori, any conception of the possible role of human activity in the creation of history or in the activity of perception itself. Commensurate with this view is the divorce of ethical or value considerations from the acquisition of knowledge.

In this lies the ideological character of sociology and science. It attempts to argue that all conditions and events are "natural". The development of this mechanistic world-view was linked to concerns for expansion and domination. This view enabled the development of means for the control of nature and also made the claim that its tenets are metaphysically and politically neutral, thus denying its roots in an interest in domination. This view embodies the "logic of domination".

The inherent relation between knowledge and interest, revealed in this analysis, however, points to the possibility of a different conception of knowledge, taking into account the nature of human activity and cognition, which is related to an "emancipatory " interest. Sociological inquiry which does not embody the logic of domination is also possible.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Quick Drinks, Fast Cash: An Analysis of the Work of Bartenders Employed in Nightclubs

contributor:
Yates, Charlotte
Work and Society

abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to explore the work of bartenders employed in large nightclubs in the City of Toronto, Ontario. Using existing literature, interviews with five bartenders employed in nightclubs and my own personal experiences in such establishments, this paper explores the nightclub environment, what it is like to work there, and the implications of doing so.

As I argue, nightclubs are much different than other establishments where food and beverages are sold. Clubs are much larger, louder, operate on a different schedule, have a unique atmosphere and cater to the needs of a different crowd than restaurants, fast-food outlets and bars. As such, how bartenders make their most important source of income, tips, in this environment differs from others who serve patrons in more traditional food and beverage establishments. As the fifth chapter reveals, bartenders have devised a number of strategies-some of which are legal, others that are not-that often involve an element of self-exploitation to make the most money possible while working at the club. Furthermore, there is a gendered dynamic associated with these strategies that causes many female bartenders to rely on their looks and sexuality to make money, and not the technical skills required to do the job as their male counterparts in this industry do.

As I discuss in the sixth chapter! working at the club has its good and bad points. Nightclub bartending allows many people to make a decent income in an environment that most enjoy working in. However, issues of sexual harassment, emotional burnout, alcoholism and problems associated with the hours of work are prevalent in this occupation. The final chapter summarizes my research findings and presents potential solutions to the issues raised in this paper.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Nucleation Site Activation in Saturated Boiling

contributor:
Judd, Ross L.
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
An experimental investigation is presented for boiling of distilled water at atmospheric pressure on a copper surface having three different surface finishes of 16, 5 and 4 v inch CLA. Activation of the nucleation cavities under three different levels of heat flux for each surface was investigated. The measured active cavity radii showed good agreement with the active site radii as predicted by both the Hsu and Han and Griffith models. As a result of this investigation it was apparent that small cavities were able to entrap vapour residue and be activated by their neighbours and that the reason for incipience delay as reported in the literature was due to the nonexistence of sufficiently large cavities with the prerequisite residue of gas or vapour.

The correlation suggested by Brown relating (N/A)rc as a function of rc in the form (N/A)rc a (l/rc)ⁿ was confirmed. On the basis of this work, it is recommended that the parameter group [2o Ts/Pv hfg(Tw-Ts)] be used to characterize a boiling surface.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Seasonal Unemployment in Canada, 1955 to 1970

contributor:
Denton, F.T.
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract: The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether or not the average seasonal increase in unemployment from 1965 to 1970 had changed appreciably from the average which obtained during 1955 to 1960. Estimates of the average seasonal increase in unemployment indicated that its magnitude was smaller during the late sixties than during the late sixties. Regression equations were also estimated for each category, and these indicate that factors other than the general level of economic activity were responsible for the declining summer-to-winter increase in unemployment. Analysis of the employment indices suggests that this estimated decline has been mainly die to the changing industrial composition of the economy towards industries which are less prone to severe seasonal fluctuations in employment and unemployment.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Criminal Law as a Tool for Social Justice? Holding the Government Criminally Responsible When Clients Injure Their Developmental Service Workers

contributor:
Baines, Donna
Labour Studies

abstract:
As democratic spaces and opportunities for oppressed populations are decreasing due to governmental neo-liberalism, groups are having to examine new ways to have their voices heard and needs met. One option for this is to charge governments criminally for the results of their neo-liberal restructuring and funding cuts. Particularly the opportunity to charge the government criminally when clients injure their developmental service workers could be an option to address restructuring and be a tool for social justice.

The criminal law has the ability to function as a tool for social justice only when there is popular mobilization to first pass progressive laws, and secondly to ensure the laws that are passed are used to hold powerful people and groups criminally accountable. Only with both steps can the criminal law be a possible but imperfect tool for social justice. By holding powerful people and groups criminally responsible, it can contribute to affirmative recognition and affirmative redistribution strategies of social justice.

Government restructuring in the developmental services can be clearly tied to an increase in client violence against developmental service workers and a lessened ability to contain that violence. Therefore to address these root causes of violence, the government could be charged criminally. These charges could help make the workplace safer by forcing the government to fully consider the victims of restructuring. As well it could work towards affirmative recognition and redistribution strategies of social justice by placing value on care work, women's identities and intellectually challenged individuals, and by increasing resources to these groups. However, while it is a tool, it cannot alone bring social justice to oppressed groups, nor is it a simple or perfect option.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The 1962 International Coffee Agreement: Past, Present and Future

contributor:
Mackenzie, W.
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract:
This thesis (1) considers the need for the 1962 International Coffee Agreement in light of the post-World War II developments in the world coffee market and (2) discusses the usefulness of the agreement since 1962 in attaining its stated goals and coping with the difficulties which have emerged since 1962. The thesis starts with the nature of, and role played by commodity agreements both prior to and after World War II. The changing role of commodity agreements, from that of foreign exchange stabilization to that of upholding the foreign exchange earnings, is also discussed. Post-war difficulties in the coffee market which lead to a series of Latin American producer agreements and eventually to the 1962 Agreement is then illuminated. More recent developments and difficulties faced by the coffee industry are also cited.

The thesis concludes that a diversification from coffee and into other products in the coffee-growing countries of the world can only come about through commodity agreements. Because of the inherent structural problems in these countries, the interplay of free-market forces cannot lend itself to a suitable transformation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Shopping trip frequency and duration in Canada: An analysis of personal trends based on the General Social Surveys of 1998 and 2005

contributor:
Páez, Antonio
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract:
Shopping is an essential aspect of our day to day lives, as it is necessary in order to fulfill numerous needs and desires. Evidence suggests that the proportion of travel for retail and service is increasing, such that traffic congestion can no longer simply be attributed to work related travel. The restructuring of the commercial sector and automobility has increased competition between outlets, such that stores are now competing against merchants across a large spatial region. As a consequence, many consumers are required to travel long durations to accomplish shopping activities.

Discrete/continuous models can determine the likelihood that an individual will engage in a shopping activity, followed by the analysis of the travel duration. The models can overcome the sample-selectivity bias, since shopping is only accomplished by a subsample. Traditionally, the models have been estimated disjointly, however, they are increasingly being estimated jointly.

Using the General Social Survey, the objectives of this study are twofold. First,
the study aims to analyze the shopping frequency and travel duration of Canadians by
comparing the one day behaviour of residents of non-Census Metropolitan Areas (non-CMA) and Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA) for 1998 and 2005. Second, it will
investigate the potential of a newly developed discrete/continuous model for the joint
analysis of shopping travel behaviour. The results of the analysis suggest that shopping
travel behaviour is similar regardless of region, and that the joint model provided
consistent and realistic estimates.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Internalized Other: Identity Change Over the Course of Pregnancy

contributor:
Marshall, V. W.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This study investigates identity changes in pregnant women over the course of their first pregnancy, utilizing the Twenty Statements Test, as well as other interview data. It showed that pregnancy doss have a substantial effect upon a women's self identity; that their identity changes most significantly in the second trimester; and that the period of pregnancy was not generally utilized to redefine herself as mother and her husband as father to any great extent. The findings are integrated in terms of the symbolic interactionist perspective in sociology, with particular reference to self-other theory.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Comparison of Glock's Dimensions of Religiosity, The Ways of Yoga and The Hechanisms of Sacralization

contributor:
Mol, Hans
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Stelco Saga: Restructuring and Resistance in the Neo-Liberal Era

contributor:
Goutor, David
Work and Society

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: Global market conditions have led to large corporate bankruptcies in recent years, particularly in the steel sector. Bankruptcy restructuring under the u.s. Chapter 11 or Canadian Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act [CCAA] places employee pensions at risk. In response to concessionary restructuring, the U.s. arm of the United Steelworkers [USW] intervened in several steel sector bankruptcies, developing restructuring solutions that led to partial or near-complete restoration of pensions and collective agreements. In Canada, during Stelco's troubled bankruptcy process between 2004 and 2006, Steelworker locals employed this interventionist method to prevent pension and collective agreement concessions. Scholars, such as Frost and Bacon, implicitly provide a rationale for union intervention into bankruptcy restructuring. They argue that union intervention in general corporate restructuring allows workers a greater voice in the process, leads to optimal results, and prevents union irrelevance. Frost outlines several criteria for maximizing union success during restructuring: the strength of union intra-organizational and external ties; the responsiveness of the union leadership towards the interests of the membership; and the ability of the union to access information and participate at all levels of the process. Many of Frost's recommendations were critical to the success of the USW locals at Stelco in achieving their bargaining and restructuring goals. Unlike in the more cooperative restructuring examples studied by Frost and Bacon, however, Stelco's Canadian locals employed a very assertive stance, since management exhibited initial hostility to union intervention. The union also found it necessary to enlist the help of government. While union intervention in bankruptcies remains a controversial process, it is one possible solution for troubled manufacturing unions, represents an overall USW push towards greater involvement in management, and may even lead towards an exit for labour from the discarded "post-war compromise."

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An Examination of the Rate of Wage Change in Durable and Non-Durable Goods Industries for Canada: A Quarterly Econometric Model

contributor:
Spencer, B. G.
Economics

subject: Economics Economics

abstract:
This thesis examines the rates of change of the average money wage rates for the Canadian durable and non-durable goods industries. The paper begins with a model which is used to derive a wage change equation.

The hypothesis to be tested is that the same factors affect wage changes differently in the durable and non-durable goods industries. To undertake the testing of this hypothesis, a wage change equation is fitted for each of the industries using earnings data, price and output indexes for each of the two industrial groupings. Each of the estimated equations for the two industries is then compared and a statistical test is conducted to determine the statistical significance of the differences in the estimated c6efficients of the variables for the two broad industries.

The results indicate that the rates of wage change for the two industrial groups respond differently to the same factors. In particular, variations in current selling prices of non-durable goods do not have the anticipated effect on the change in the wage rate in that industry in the same time period. In the durable goods industry, variations in current output and prices have a statistically significant positive impact on percentage changes of the current wage rate for that industry. The wage rate in both industries responds negatively to a one period lag in the change in the unemployment rate, although the change in the unemployment rate variable is statistically more significant in the wage change equation estimated for the non-durable goods industry.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Growing Their Own: The role of Factory Trade Schools in the Development and Transfer of Technical Skills in the North American Automobile Industry

contributor:
Lewchuk, W.
Work and Society

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
This research explores the role of factory trade schools in the development and training of skilled metal workers in the North American automobile industry. The establishment of factory trade schools in the early 1900s by Henry Ford and others was not simply an approach to resolve skills supply shortages, but rather represented a strategy to erode craft worker power through the internal development of skilled workers socialized to the enterprise specific requirements of industrial capital. Factory-based trade schools provided industrialists with a mechanism through which to undermine craft worker power in several ways. Factory trade schools displaced craft union control over the recruitment and selection of apprentices. Control over the nature and scope of education and socialization allowed employers to narrow these to the unique technical and social requirements of their labour process. Finally, factory trade schools can be viewed as components of broader initiatives in workplace social control aimed at union avoidance.

Skilled workers remain central to the development and refinement of the machinery necessary for production in the automobile industry. Market pressures associated with the contemporary North American automobile industry continue to drive manufacturers to seek competitive advantage through process improvements that are in large measure underpinned by technological innovation that remains dependent on skilled workers. Concerns over the supply of skilled workers, quality, scope and cost of training, and union influence continue to inform corporate strategies across the automotive industry. Magna International, one of the world's largest automotive parts manufacturers, has established a skills training school to address these concerns. Although separated by a span of close to a century, the trade schools of Ford and Magna share objectives that have remained relatively unchanged over time. These objectives both include and transcend simple technical considerations, and incorporate the transfer of non-technical socialization aimed at inculcating students with norms and values consistent with a firm's productivity goals.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Co-opting Precariousness: Can Worker Cooperatives be alternatives to precarious employment for marginalized populations? A case study of immigrant and refugee worker cooperatives in Canada

contributor:
Baines, Donna
Work and Society

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis is an exploration into the potential for worker cooperatives to be conceptualized and experienced as an alternative to precarious employment for immigrants and refugees. It argues that current analysis and responses to precarious employment fail to fully address the root causes of precarious employment and fail to suggest what forms of alternative employment relations we should be striving to build. It is argued that by tracing the roots of precarious employment to the organization of work, the worker cooperative model can be seen as a potential solution to these root problems. This hypothesis is explored through two case studies of immigrant worker cooperatives, analyzing the employment experiences of several of its members. It concludes that workers cooperatives appear to provide alternatives in the areas of control, security and social capital and empowerment. However, more work is needed to support and facilitate the development and sustainability of cooperatives in order to improve in the areas of wages and formal benefits. Despite the challenges of worker cooperatives, the author argues that they remain an important tool, invoking a politics of the act that seeks to build alternative spaces of employment without relying on government or employers.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Ethnic Heterogeneity : A Study of Chinese Students

contributor:
Smith, June E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The thesis is concerned with the internal differences of Chinese. In general, there is an assumption that ethnic minority groups are strong and coherent groups. This assumption has also been applied to Chinese groups. My main purpose has been to see if there is evidence of social differentiation among Chinese which would contradict the previous assumptions of other sociologists. The analysis of my data concerning a particular group of Chinese students suggests that external pressure from the host society has not promoted solidarity or cohesion among the subjects. Instead I found that there were distinct subgroups among them, each of them with distinct and different images of the others. Three factors could be established as major causes for internal differentiation, language, knowledge of Chinese culture, and identity. These have been analyzed in detail.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS TARGETING BREAST CANCER STEM CELLS

contributor:
Hassell, John A.
Bedard, Andre
Draper, Jon
Biochemistry

subject:
Breast cancer
cancer stem cells
sunitinib
MMTV-neu tumors
Cancer Biology
Cancer Biology

abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Canadian women with one in nine women expected to develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Until recently these breast tumors were thought to be a homogeneous cell population. Recent studies have shown that breast tumors contain a rare cell type termed breast tumor initiating cells (TICs) or cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the ability to elicit new tumor growth and metastases. These TICs exist apex of a tumor cell hierarchy and give rise to more TICs and non-tumorigenic cells. Traditionally, drugs were developed to target the highly proliferative cells population resulting in a decrease in tumor volume. However, these therapies spare the TICs, which results in tumor relapse demonstrating the need for new drugs that target the TICs. Because in cancer, mutated protein kinases are the controllers of cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, they have become a target for drug development. Inhibition of these kinases could lead to the identification of compounds that selectively target breast TICs. Using mammary tumors from cancer prone mice propagated as non-adherent tumorspheres (TMS), which contain a high fraction of breast TICs and the same conditions to propagate the non-transformed mouse mammary epithelial stem and progenitor cells (MESC), as non-adherent mammospheres (MMS) a 240-kinase inhibitor library was screened using an AlamarBlue proliferation assay. Twenty percent of the compounds resulted in 75% decrease in proliferation of TMS derived cells and some of which were TMS-selective. Sunitinib, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, was one of the selective compounds identified and when administered to mice with subcutaneous mammary tumors resulted in tumor shrinkage. This was accompanied by an increase in apoptotic cells, decrease in proliferating cells and tumor vasculature, and a change in tumor morphology and composition. These findings show the efficacy of Sunitinib in shrinking mouse mammary tumors and suggest a potential use of Sunitinib for treatment of breast cancer.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: The Effects of Agriculture on Canada's Major Watersheds

contributor:
El-Shaarawi, Abdel
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
watersheds
principal component analysis
jackknife
bootstrap
Applied Statistics
Applied Statistics

abstract: Water contamination is one of the major environmental issues that negatively impacts water quality of watersheds. It negatively affects drinking water and aquatic wildlife, which can indirectly have negative effects on everyone's health. Many different institutions collected samples of water from four of Canada's major watersheds and counted the number of bacteria in each sample. The data used in this paper was taken from one of these institutions and was analysed to investigate if agricultural waste impacts the water quality of these four watersheds. It was found that the agricultural waste produced from nearby farms significantly impacts the water quality of three of these watersheds. Principal component analysis was also done on these data, and it was found that all of the data can be expressed in terms of one variable without losing very much information of the data. The bootstrap distributions of the principal component analysis parameters were estimated, and it was found that the sampling distributions of these parameters are stable. There was also evidence that the variables in the data are not normally distributed and not all the variables are independent.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: A Semi-Definite, Nonlinear Model for Optimizing k-Space Sample Separation in Parallel Magnetic Resonance Imaging

contributor:
Anand, Christopher
Alex Bain, Michael Noseworthy
Alex Bain, Michael Noseworthy
Biomedical Engineering

subject:
semi-definite problem
optimization
parallel imaging
sensitivity profiling
Biological Engineering
Computational Engineering
Biological Engineering

abstract: Parallel MRI, in which k-space is regularly or irregularly undersampled, is critical for imaging speed acceleration. In this thesis, we show how to optimize a regular undersampling pattern for three-dimensional Cartesian imaging in order to achieve faster data acquisition and/or higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) by using nonlinear optimization. A new sensitivity profiling approach is proposed to produce better sensitivity maps, required for the sampling optimization. This design approach is easily adapted to calculate sensitivities for arbitrary planes and volumes. The use of a semi-definite, linearly constrained model to optimize a parallel MRI undersampling pattern is novel. To solve this problem, an iterative trust-region is applied. When tested on real coil data, the optimal solution presents a significant theoretical improvement in accelerating data acquisition speed and eliminating noise.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The Communication of Sensation and Affect Amongst Dancers

contributor:
Rethmann, Petra
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
Drawing from current anthropological theory of affect, this thesis explores the communication of sensation and affect amongst professional dancers. According to Brian Massumi, affect is about the body's ability to be affected and to affect others. Affecting others opens one to being personally affected and visa versa. Teresa Brennan argues that bodies are porous and receptive to affective non-verbal transmissions. In harmony with these theories, I explore how the communication of affect during dance performance allows both performers and audience to feel communal moments of visceral affectivity.

This thesis adds to the ongoing debate in social theory about whether the body is active or passive (one's position in the debate might also presume that active bodies are "better" than passive bodies or visa versa) since my research findings indicate that, amongst my informants, the body is positively perceived as simultaneously active and passive. In other words, the body simultaneously receives and transmits affect while communicating. This highlights the view that the body is porous and not-self contained as has been argued by both Hegel and Freud.

This thesis has forced me to struggle with what communication means and how I, as a budding anthropologist, would like to communicate in a way that does not require translating or changing experiences to fit another framework of knowledge. The word affect is itself disruptive when set against certain "master" frameworks such as neo-liberalism where great value is placed on speed, moving fast and distraction from feeling. For my informants, moving slowly, being "transparent", existing "in the moment" and revealing vulnerability were essential to the communication of affect and have a disruptive quality when set against neo-liberal values.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Ontario farm products marketing act

subject: Political Economy

abstract: "Ontario is fighting for its existence in the canning field. We want to work with the growers but they can't do without us. Most of the canners are trying to work with the growers but the farmers don't seem to realize that with the Farm Products Marketing Act of 1946 in Ontario, we are faced with stiff opposition from provinces which do not have a minimum buying price." What is this quotation all about? Let us see. The provincial regulation of the sale of farm products is a relatively new thing. The original legislation was passed in 1937, but it was not until 1942 that any vegetable crops were regulated. Tomatoes was the first crop for which minimum prices were set. The Ontario Farm Products Marketing Board has been in existence only during a period of war-time inflation and post-war prosperity and therefore its success is yet difficult to evaluate. We appear now to be entering a critical period of falling prices. The next few years will be a severe testing ground for natural products' regulation. This thesis is not designed to be a statistical survey of the products regulated under the Act. Nor does it cover the problems encountered in all of the crops regulated. The thesis is rather a general survey of marketing legislation in Ontario and its effects. A digression will be made, however, to include a chapter on British Columbia since this is the only other province with legislation of canning crops. The historical background of the Ontario Act brings us up-to-date, and a detailed sketch of its jurisdiction and administration is included. No survey of this sort is complete without discussing the economics involved.

abstract: Bachelor of Arts (BA)


title: IMMIGRANT AND MINORlTY SELF-EMPLOYMENT IN CANADA: DISADVANTAGE, SEGREGATION, AND FAMILY AND CLASS RESOURCES THEORY

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This is a quantitative research of immigrants' and minorities' self-employment in Canada. Using The Public Use Micro File of Canada, I will (1) empirically evaluate the effect of disadvantage, family and class resources, and segregation on self-employment propensity and income, and (2) assess the current theories by comparing minorities, nonminorities, the foreign-born, and the native-born. I first review five broad theoretical approaches including 'cultural theory', 'disadvantage theory', 'class resources theory', 'middleman minority theory', and 'opportunity structure theory', and analyze their various strengths and weaknesses. I suggest that despite their differences in emphasis, one of the common limitations of each of these approaches is that little attention is paid to the way that the self-employed sector is socially organized. A Logistic regression for propensity to be self-employed, and ordinary linear regression for income are used in this analysis. In this thesis, I show that disadvantaged groups are not more self-employed than non-disadvantaged groups, despite the disadvantage they face in the general labour market. This is contrary to some of the expectations associated with disadvantage theory. Next, I find that there is support for class resources theory in the findings. Concerning family resources theory, I show that marriage does not uniquely facilitate immigrants' and minorities' self-employment. Instead, marriage facilitates self-employment in all four groups. Also, married self-employed minorities and immigrants tend to earn less than their counterparts who are single, while married self-employed non-minorities and Canadian-born respondents tend to earn more than their counterparts who are single. Although more investigation is needed for this finding, it may be due to the concentration of immigrants' and minorities' small businesses in small-scale, low-profit industries. Segregation theory is proposed as a framework for this pattern.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)