identifier: Roberts, Ramona <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Roberts=3ARamona=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Voices outside law : Canada's justice system in the lives of survivors and victims of sexual violence.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study examines the experiences of survivors and victims of sexual violence with the Canadian criminal justice system. The existing literature about the laws and the legal processing of sexual violence indicates that most cases of sexual violence are not reported, and that few of those reported end in conviction. The literature addressing the emotional impact of sexual violence on survivors, and the process of healing, indicates that legal proceedings are not seen by most survivors or therapists as a positive or even safe experience for survivors. -- Eight people who self-identified as survivors and/or victims of sexual violence participated in unstructured personal interviews. Grounded theory methodology was used to identify three main ways in which the criminal justice processing of sexual violence was felt to be hurtful to these survivors and victims: denial of victims' experiences of abuse, blaming of victims for having been abused, and violation of victims' privacy and autonomy. Participants' experiences and/ or fears of each of these injuries are described. The relationship between these experiences and the initial harms to respondents from sexual violence are also explored. Discussion focuses on the roles of abusers, societal responses to victims and Canada's laws on sexual violence in creating and aggravating the injuries common to survivors and victims. Some possible recommendations for improving victims' and survivors' perceptions and experiences of the criminal justice process are addressed. However, the most pressing need is for a widespread consultation of survivors and victims, to expand on the findings from this sample.


identifier: Kelly, Robin G. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Kelly=3ARobin_G=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1992) A Brillouin spectroscopic study of the I-II phase transition in CH₄.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

format: application/pdf application/pdf

abstract: The effects of rotation-translation (RT) coupling in solid methane (CH₄), especially near the 1-11 phase transition, have been investigated using die technique in high resolution Brillouin spectroscopy. Large single crystals of methane were grown in a liquid helium cryostat and were successfully cooled down to 15.5 K using a novel cooling technique. Lane X-ray diffraction photographs were taken to determine crystal quality and the orientation of the crystal axes. Radiation from an argon laser was incident along the axis of the cell, while the scattered radiation was analyzed at 90° by a Brillouin spectrometer. -- The temperature dependence of the adiabatic elastic constants, the elasto optic coefficients, the bulk moduli and shear moduli have been determined in the temperature range i5.5 K < T < 90.4 K. The elastic constants all show acoustic anomalies at the transition temperature of 20.4 K. A theoretical analysis has shown that these anomalies are consistent with a decrease in RT coupling from the high temperature phase I to the low temperature phase II. Through an analysis of acoustic velocities in high symmetry directions, CH₄ -II has shown a strong similarity to the rare gas solids, especially argon at low temperatures.


identifier: Smith, Karen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Smith=3AKaren=3A=3A.html>   (2002) A phenomenological study conducted to further develop the base of knowledge related to post-secondary student experiences with prior learning assessment and recognition (PLAR).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition (PLAR) is a strategy that was developed to improve access and increase participation rates of adult learners, and to empower these individuals by recognizing the legitimate value of past learning experiences. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to ascertain and construct through the description and perceptions of adult learners, an interpretive account of the meaning and significance of utilizing the PLAR process for the awarding of academic credit.  Findings from this study should provide a description of the nature of the lived experience of post-secondary students and insight into the essence of the phenomenon. -- A phenomenological method was used to conduct this study. The participants included eleven post-secondary students who had utilized PLAR. Four of the participants had experiences with PLAR at both the college and university levels, six had utilized PLAR at the college level only, and one participant had utilized PLAR at two universities. The data were collected through unstructured interviews. -- The selective, or highlighting approach, as described by van Manen (1997). was used for data analysis.  Five broad themes were identified and two themes were further subdivided as indicated:  1. Validating the Learning 2. Valuing the Past a. Providing Personal Affirmation b. Demonstrating Self-Recognition c. Experiencing Inequity 3. Encountering Support 4. Facilitating Personal Growth 5. Confronting and Embracing Time a. Adhering to Personal Schedules b. Facilitating Adjustment c. Balancing Roles d. Coping with Portfolio Development e. Organizing Time -- The essence of the participants' experiences with PLAR was described as opening doors to the future. They acknowledged how PLAR had provided educational opportunities that had opened doors for them, in very individualized and meaningful ways, into the world of lifelong learning.


identifier: Windrim, Rory <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Windrim=3ARory=3A=3A.html>   (1999) A randomized controlled trial of oral Misoprostol in the induction of labour at term.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Since the completion of the Canadian Multi-centre Post-term Pregnancy Trial, there has been an increase in the number of inductions of labour at term and beyond term. In many centres, the induction of labour rate exceeds 20% of all deliveries. -- Concomitant with this increase in induction rates has been an increase in the use of vaginal prostaglandin primarily dinoprostone, to aid in pre-induction cervical ripening and induction of labour. Dinoprostone has been administered by the oral route in the past, but because of unacceptable gastrointestinal side effects, it's use has been widely abandoned and replaced by its vaginal administration. -- Because of the high costs and limited administration route of dinoprostone, in recent years attention has turned world-wide to the use of another prostaglandin, misoprostol, in the induction of human labour at term. This medication, initially designed for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal ulcers has been shown to be an effective agent for induction of labour, when administered vaginally. -- The purpose of the trial described in this thesis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral administration of misoprostol in induction of labour, when compared to standard methods of induction. Two groups of patients were formed by random assignation. The first are a control group who received standard care at our unit for induction of labour at term. Standard care for these patients would usually include vaginal prostaglins and/or oxytocin. The second group was the study group. This group received oral misoprostol as the induction of labour agent. The two groups are then compared for both primary and secondary outcome measures. The primary outcome measure is the length of time from commencement of the induction process until delivery. Secondary outcome measures compared between the two groups include multiple parameters of neonatal and maternal morbidity. Finally we were also interested in the acceptability of oral misoprostol for induction of labour as no other prostaglandin induction agent has been shown to have an acceptable side effect profile when administered orally. We therefore also compared labour and delivery maternal satisfaction scores between the two groups. -- This proved to be a negative trial. There were no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome measure (time for induction of labour until delivery) or in any of the secondary outcome measure figures of neonatal or maternal morbidity or maternal satisfaction. -- The thesis will be presented in five chapters. The first chapter (Introduction) will provide an overview of why and how induction of labour has been carried out from historical time until the present for the reader new to this area.   In the second chapter (Background) a detailed discussion of the role of prostaglandin in the induction of labour will be presented.   This background concerning prostaglandin will be narrowed down to a review of the role of a specific prostaglandin (misoprostol) up to the point where this trial started. To conclude this chapter the rational behind the decision to study oral misoprostol use would be presented.  In chapter three (Methodology) the exact research question will be specified. The design we chose to attempt to answer this question will also be described. The very important issues of sample size estimation and justification will then be presented prior to a description of the execution of the design in terms of the description of the institution where the study was performed ethics in content, patient recruitment issues etc.  In chapter four (Data Analysis)  I will present the results of the trial for both primary and secondary outcomes.  Levels of statistical significance will also be presented. Finally in chapter five (Discussion and Conclusions) will provide a discussion of the strength and weaknesses of the study and its implications for practice. Conclusions which may reasonably be drawn from this trial will be presented along with the limitations of these conclusions. Directions for future studies will then be briefly addressed. -- Following the body of the text there will be a full set of appendices illustrating the documentation used in the study prior to the bibliography and references.


identifier: White, Gay J. Peddle <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/White=3AGay_J=2E_Peddle=3A=3A.html>   (2001) A history of S.P.G.-supported schools in Newfoundland: 1701-1827.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis explores the educational activities of the Anglican Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (S.P.G.) in Newfoundland during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries on the basis of all relevant unpublished archival materials, especially the letters of missionaries, teachers, and interested parties. In the thesis, Newfoundland educational developments are placed into appropriate demographic and economic contexts and compared with those in England and elsewhere. Special attention is paid to the work of the S.P.G. in St. John's, Bonavista Bay, and Conception Bay. The results show that although Newfoundland's retarded colonization in the eighteenth century delayed educational developments on the island, basic and gender- specific education for vocational purposes was achieved through the S.P.G. similar to what occurred in England and North America. Problems in attendance and staffing were also the result of the precarious nature of the climate, fishery, and economy in Newfoundland.


identifier: Anglin, Carolyn Diane <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Anglin=3ACarolyn_Diane=3A=3A.html>   (1987) Geology, structure and geochemistry of gold mineralization in the Geraldton Area, Northwestern Ontario.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Gold mineralization in the Beardmore-Geraldton area occurs in a major, long-lived deformation zone, spatially coincident with the boundary between the Wabigoon subprovince to the north and the Quetico subprovince to the south. -- Regionally, the deposits are linearly distributed (east-west) parallel to the strata of the southern margin of the Wabigoon belt.  Virtually all rock types host gold mineralization, except for the youngest intrusions, diabase and lamprophyre dykes. -- Gold mineralization in the Geraldton area occurs; 1) in quartz and quartz-carbonate veins in fractured greywacke, felsic and mafic intrusions and mafic volcanic rocks, 2) in disseminated sulphide-bearing, highly fractured, zones in greywacke and quartz-feldspar porphyry, and 3) in massive quartz-sulphide lenses in oxide iron formation. -- There is no primary sulphide or carbonate facies iron formation in the belt.  All sulphide and carbonate minerals in iron formation are secondary alteration features associated with gold mineralization.  The alteration is characterized by addition of CO₂, S, As, K, Ba and H₂O, and loss of Sr.  There is no primary enrichment of gold in any of the rocks, background gold content of all rock types is less than 10 ppb. -- Gold-bearing veins occur in relatively young structures that crosscut all local Archean rock, and overprint several earlier phases of deformation.  The major control on emplacement of veins is cleavage- and foliation-parallel fractures and dilations, and zones of intense deformation localized at the contacts of rocks of differing ductility. -- The U/Pb aircon age of felsic porphyry intrusions in the Geraldton area is 2691 +3/-2 Ma, significantly younger than volcanic rocks in the Onaman Lake area to the north, which are 2769 +6/-5 Ma. -- The age of gold mineralization is 2556 +72/-76 Ma as determined by a lead isochron on pyrite from mineralized felsic porphyries. This age is approximately 130 Ma younger than the age of the felsic porphyritic rocks and therefore there does not appear to be a direct magmatic- hydrothermal link between these intrusive rocks and the gold mineralization.


identifier: Houghton, Tom J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Houghton=3ATom_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Synthesis and study of some novel and interesting cyclophanes.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The somewhat vague title of this thesis is due to the fact that several fairly loosely-connected projects were investigated, the common thread being the classification of all the targets as "cyclophanes". [For a definition of this term see Chapter 1.] This approach has naturally had its disadvantages, but it has allowed the author the opportunity to explore some fascinating concepts and methodologies. -- The idea of a tethered-cyclophane-based molecular switch was investigated in Chapter 2. This work led to a new thiacyclophane-forming methodology, and ultimately to the observation of the desired syn-anti equilibrium process sought at the outset. This process was studied by dynamic NMR, and the thermodynamic data for the process, including the transition state, calculated. -- The previous project was expanded to the study of cyclophanes and pyrenophanes bridged by crown ether tethers. Two tethers were used, corresponding to 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6. The target compounds were successfully synthesised and their conformational properties predicted by computational studies and observed by NMR. -- Two C₂-symmetric chiral tetra-functionalised [2.2]paracyclophanes were synthesised, paving the way for the synthesis of some interesting chiral ligands. In the course of this study a much-simplified and very economical apparatus for flash vacuum thermolysis was developed. -- A dithiatetraynophane, a tetraynophane and an enediynophane were synthesised. -- Finally, a new class of "esterophane" was synthesised. The structural features of one example were studied by X-ray crystallography, and a computational analysis performed.


identifier: White, Marilyn L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/White=3AMarilyn_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2002) A correlational study examining the relationships among maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, problem-solving skills, satisfaction with breastfeeding experience, and duration.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The breastfeeding initiation rate in Newfoundland and Labrador is well below national standards, and is further compromised by high attrition rates, despite evidence confirming the superiority of breast milk for infant health. It is becoming more apparent from the literature that breastfeeding confidence and problem-solving are factors affecting breastfeeding success. These factors were investigated in this study in relation to the outcome variables of breastfeeding satisfaction and duration. The study was guided by a conceptual framework based on Self-Efficacy Theory (Bandura, 1977) and the concept of Learned Resourcefulness (Rosenbaum, 1983). -- A descriptive correlational design was used with a sample of 57 breastfeeding mothers to address the questions of differences in breastfeeding confidence over time, differences between experienced and first time breastfeeders in relation to breastfeeding confidence, problem-solving, satisfaction, and duration, as well as the relationships among these variables. Data were collected using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES), the Problem-Solving Related to the Baby's Feeding Scale (PS-F), the Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale (MBFES), a Demographic Profile, and through telephone interviews at three time frames. Data were analysed using SPSS 9.0 for Windows. -- The findings of this study indicated that the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding were far below established breastfeeding standards. The major reason cited for discontinuing breastfeeding was perceived insufficient milk supply. All mothers scored relatively high on measures of breastfeeding confidence, problem-solving and satisfaction. No significant differences were found between confidence scores overtime. First time mothers scored lower than experienced mothers in breastfeeding confidence, problem-solving, satisfaction, and duration rates, although only confidence and satisfaction scores were significantly different. Numerous positive relationships existed among the study variables, often with significant differences being noted between experienced and first time breastfeeders. For the total group of mothers, and for experienced breastfeeders, breastfeeding confidence at 4 weeks postpartum accounted for the greatest amount of variance in the breastfeeding outcomes of satisfaction and duration. For first time breastfeeders, breastfeeding problem- solving at 4 weeks postpartum accounted for the most variance in satisfaction, while breastfeeding confidence at 4 weeks postpartum accounted for the most variance in duration. The findings lend support to the proposed theoretical framework. -- Findings indicate that breastfeeding confidence and problem-solving are important variables for nurses to consider when planning interventions for promoting, protecting and supporting breastfeeding, as these variables are positively related to breastfeeding satisfaction and duration. Future research should focus on using the BSES and PS-F in different populations, exploring factors which facilitate or hinder breastfeeding confidence, examining the problem-solving process used by breastfeeding mothers, and further exploring factors which affect breastfeeding satisfaction.


identifier: Ngugi, Charles Chege <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ngugi=3ACharles_Chege=3A=3A.html>   (1999) The biology of naturalized rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in Kenya cold water streams and implications for future management.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this study I present information on the presence, current status and historical distribution of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in three third order streams on the southwestern slope of Mt. Kenya, namely the Naro Moru, Sagana and Thego. The composition, distribution, and status of fish species within the study streams are different than they were in the 1950s. Although there are still self-sustaining rainbow trout populations their distribution range is reduced and populations are in decline. -- Multiple regression analyses indicated that altitudinal and seasonal variables had little influence on rainbow trout length specific condition among streams. Rainbow trout are growing about as fast as they did during the 1930s to 1950s - perhaps even faster – but population levels appear to be much lower and most of the fish are small with few reaching more than 2 years of age. Brown trout (Salmo trutta), another salmonid with a similar history in Kenya as rainbow trout, has also been affected and is presently found only in the upper reaches of the Sagana indicating that its distributional range has decreased faster than that of rainbow trout. Compared with the past, mountain catfish (Amphilius urcmoscoptis) and other native species have expanded their distributional range upstream from where they were in the 1930s to 1950s. Rainbow trout, brown trout and catfish exhibited overlap in their diet suggesting the competitive interactions between the species may be a factor in their changing distributional patterns. In the three streams, composition of benthic invertebrate fauna showed altitudinal and seasonal variation. There were more dipterans in the upstream stations and more ephemeropterans in the downstream stations. There was no marked difference between fauna composition in the present study and that reported for one of the study stream (the Sagana) by Van Someren (1952) in the 1950s. -- Factors associated with the variation in rainbow trout distribution among sites included temperature changes, and other environmental parameters, overlap with other species and over-exploitation. The main reasons appear to be environmental changes influenced by anthropogenic effects and fish over-exploitation i.e. heavy fishing pressure and high vulnerability of rainbow trout to anglers. -- Because much of the trout habitat has been altered, areas supporting rainbow trout populations are now critical for conservation management. Management strategies should incorporate societal values and recognize that good trout habitat is a reflection of better managed watersheds. Where land management has degraded stream habitats, acquisition of riparian corridors and instream management are necessary to rehabilitate and provide recreational fisheries. Enforcement of regulations on the trout fisheries appear to have become more liberal and more stringent legislation may now be required. Rebuilding trout populations is necessary to re-introduce recreational fisheries and by extension "pristine" environment. This study supports the hypothesis that rainbow trout distributional range will continue to decline unless corrective measures on catches and harvesting, as well as watershed management are considered.


identifier: Lewis, D. J.(David James) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lewis=3AD=2E_J=2E=28David_James=29=3A=3A.html>   (1976) The biting flies of the Nova Scotia-New Brunswick border region.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: During the last decade, federal and provincial government departments acquired about 4,000 hectares of land in the Tantrmar Marches in the Nova Scotia-New Brunswick border region.  Some 440 hectares have been dyked and flooded to constant water levels to provide habitat for breeding and migratory waterfowl. This study prepared an inventory of the biting flies of the Nova Scotia-New Brunswick border region, studied aspects of the population dynamics of these flies, and determined how the species composition and population dynamics of biting flies are influenced by environmental modification and marsh management. -- One hundred and eight species of biting flies (32 Culicidae, 20 Simuliidae, and 56 Tabanidae) are now recorded from the Maritime Provinces. A total of 59 species (19 culicids, 9 simuliids, and 31 tabanids) were collected in the Nova Scotia-New Brunswick border region during the period 1 May to 31 August, 1973-1975. With the exception of Simulium latipes auct. nec. Meigen, Chrysops calvus Pechuman and Teskey, Hybomitra illota (Osten Sacken), H. Itasca (Philip). And H. typhue Whitney Form B, all species collected in this area were previously recorded in the literature or contained in the Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa. Taxonomic keys were constructed for the families of Culicidae, Simuliidae, and Tabanidae of maritime Canada. -- Seven species of mosquitoes were found in temporary pools of snowmelt origin and three were taken in temporary floodwater pools. Aedespunctor (Kirby) was the most abundant culicid taken in snowmelt pools, and A. cantator (Coquillett) was the most abundant in floodwater pools. One species of each of five genera of mosquitoes were found in permanent marshes. Mansonia perturbans (Walker) was the most abundant mosquito of this group. And was the most serious pest encountered in the Tantramar Marshes and neighboring towns of Sackville, New Brunswick and Amherst, Nova Scotia. -- Nine species of simuliids were found in temporary and permanent streams in the Nova Scotia-New Brunswick border region. Larvae of a complex of species, consisting of S. venustum Say and S. verecundum Stone and Jamnback, were found in all streams which contained larval simuliids. While adult  simuliids were relatively uncommon in the study area, this species complex comprised over two-thirds of the adults collected. -- Ten species of culicids, six species of simuliids, and 15 species of tabanids were taken feeding on man. The principal pest within each group was M. perturbans, S. venustum-verecundum and H. frontalis (Walker). Nine species of tabanids were found feeding on cattle, the most abundant which was H. thphus Form A. -- The seasonal succession of culicids, simuliids, and tabanids, is determined by aerial net sweeps in the Nova Scotia-New Brunswick border region, very closely follows the seasonal succession of the same species in other regions of eastern North America. -- A two-year study of natural and man-made marshes of various ages has indicated that mosquito productivity was greatest in marshes of 3.5 years of age. On the average, the man-made marshes produced over 2.5 times as many mosquitoes as the natural marsh, the majority of which were M. perturbans. -- A system of shoreline modification, constant water levels, and periods of water drawdown in the man-made waterfowl marshes is recommended for control of pest mosquitoes, especially M. perturbans.


identifier: Sweeney, Paul <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Sweeney=3APaul=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Tensed change and instantaneous events.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Tensed change and instantaneous events

abstract: This thesis begins by describing the conceptual problem with the moment of change, a problem raised by Plato in the Parmenides. The thesis then describes how others have dealt with this problem. The thesis argues that the 'solutions' to the problem assume a tensed theory of time and it is for this reason that the solutions are inadequate (for, the thesis argues, the initial problem of the moment of change is itself a symptom of a tensed theory of time). Finally, the thesis gives D.H. Meilor's arguments in favour of the B- theory or the tenseless theory of time and change. The thesis argues that Mellor's tenseless theory of time and change does avoids the problem of the moment of change.


identifier: Rabe, Jessica <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rabe=3AJessica=3A=3A.html>   (1999) The behaviour, growth, and survival of witch flounder and yellowtail flounder larvae in relation to prey availability.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effects of varying prey availability on the behaviour, growth, and survival of larval witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus) and yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectes ferrugineus). The performance of larvae in relation to prey availability can provide insight into larval behavioural ecology, highlight factors that promote survival at sea, and aid in construction of appropriate feeding strategies during larviculture. In the first study, witch flounder larvae were exposed to a range of prey densities (250-16000 prey per liter) and their behaviour was recorded during feeding trials. Larvae were also reared at a range of prey densities (2000-8000 prey per liter) and their growth and survival were monitored. The foraging behaviour of witch flounder was not as affected by variation in prey availability as are other species. Larvae appear to have low prey requirements as they exhibit low foraging activity. Growth and survival of witch flounder in culture is relatively robust to changes in prey availability. The ability to forage when prey is more or less abundant may be a response to the extended larval period of this species. In the second study, yellowtail flounder larvae were reared at a constant high prey density (8000 prey per liter) and fed at high prey density at different feeding frequencies (1,2, and 4 per day). Larval behaviour, growth and survival were monitored. The consumption rate of larvae was highest in the treatments fed 1 and 2 times per day. Growth and survival of larvae fed 2 and 4 times per day were similar to that of larvae fed continuously. It is concluded that two feedings per day at high prey density is adequate for the culture of yellowtail flounder. Pulse feeding may be an efficient strategy for larval rearing.


identifier: Chambers, Larry W.(Larry William) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chambers=3ALarry_W=2E=28Larry_William=29=3A=3A.html>   (1978) Evaluation of family practice nurse deployment in urban medical practice in Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The Family Practice Nurse Education Program of Memorial University of Newfoundland was established to prepare experienced, diploma- and degree-holding nurses to assume an expanded nursing role in primary health care settings. The topic of this thesis is the evaluation of the impact of six graduates of this program on private medical practices in St, John's and Corner Brook, Newfoundland. The evaluation component of the family practice nurse project began in 1973 with the development of instruments to measure the family practice nurse’s impact on the effectiveness of patient care, patient and health professional satisfaction, quality of care, practice service output and organization, and financial aspects of the practices. -- Effectiveness of Patient Care: In order to assess the effectiveness and safety of the primary care provided by a family practice nurse, a randomized clinical trial was conducted in one of the St. John's practices between June 1975 and May 1976. Before and after the trial, standardized measurements of physical, social, and emotional function were administered by lay interviewers to 572 patients who received conventional care by the family physician and to 296 patients who received care mainly from the family practice nurse. At the start of the study, statistical analyses revealed the comparability of the two groups of patients with respect to all three health outcome measurements.  At the end of the study, the health outcomes of the two groups of patients were found comparable. These results corroborate the evidence derived from other controlled trials that family practice nurses/nurse practitioners provide effective care. -- Satisfaction: Satisfaction and acceptance of family practice nurses was found high for patients, physicians and allied health professionals. -- Quality of Patient Care: Quality of patient care standards were maintained after the introduction of family practice nurses. Before and after evaluations were achieved by using the indicator condition method. Minimal explicit process criteria for the management of patients with 12 indicator conditions and the use of 14 drugs were approved by an ad hoc peer group of community physicians. These criteria were applied to the practices using a single blind design and abstracting unaltered medical records. A standardized score for each practice was used to compare management of indicator condition scores and clinical use of drug scores before and after attachment of the family practice nurses. For each of the indicator conditions and the drugs assessed similar levels of adequacy were observed between study periods. These explicit (objective) audit results agreed with the implicit (subjective) assessments of the family practice nurses by their physician colleagues. -- Practice Service Output and Organization: The addition of a family practice nurse to an urban medical practice increased service output in four out of six cases. Physician/family practice nurse teams were studied using daily logs of family practice nurse activity, physician claims to the provincial Medical Care Plan, time study sheets, and function delegation questionnaires. Practices using family practice nurses had a mean increase of 14% in the number of patient services during the first year of family practice nurse attachment; the mean increase for all physicians in the province was 9%. The number of patients in the six study practices changed only slightly while services per patient increased by 15%. Family practice nurses provided total care in 4% of office services, and participated with physicians in a further 26%. -- No consistent changes were noted in the age and sex of patients seen or in the amount of time the physician spent in the office. -- Financial Aspects: Estimated losses were experienced by four of six fee-for-service family physicians in a study of revenues generated and expenses incurred by the six family practice nurses who had held salaried positions for one year in private medical practices. Daily service diaries were used to make annual estimates of family practice nurse generated revenues. Data from these diaries were linked by computer to yearly physician service data maintained by the provincial Medical Care Plan. -- During the year of family practice nurse attachment, the six physicians experienced a mean increase in gross Medical Care Plan revenue of $11,350 with an additional extimated mean increase of $2,690 when solo family practice nurse services were included. Physicians' subjective appraisals and actual financial statements from the practices were used to estimate annual expenses related to the employment of the family practice nurses. The first procedure indicated average costs of employment were $14,700 and the other $19,770. -- The estimated physician losses in net income, though real, were not substantial given (1) this was the first year of the family practice nurse attachment, (2) the purposes of the family practice nurse attachment were exploratory to determine the family practice nurse's role in the practice and not primarily to demonstrate the profitability of employing family practice nurses, (3) the fee-for- service method of payment on the whole discourages delegation of tasks and allocation of time for teaching, factors not present with physicians on salary.


identifier: MacGillivray, Jenina <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacGillivray=3AJenina=3A=3A.html>   (2001) The darkness in the theatre : Merleau-Ponty and film.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis will examine the notion of the virtual body present in the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, with particular attention paid to the Phenomenology of Perception. For Merleau-Ponty, the body is not, as it is in empiricism and idealism, a simple transmitter of data for the mind. For Merleau-Ponty, the body must be seen as situated, that is, as a lived body. The complex lived structures of the body, i.e., its operative intentionality, memory, spatial and temporal orientation, all contribute to the way in which the body is the ground of reflexive understanding. That is, for Merleau-Ponty, the pre-reflexive- or, the lived body - grounds the reflexive. The body figures in consciousness, and in understanding, in a developmental way. Rather than seeing consciousness and understanding as a formal object positing' system, Merleau-Ponty maintains that it is relational and cannot be understood apart from its phenomenal field. Perception is the best expression of this relational structure, for when we perceive and understand objects, we carry forward all our bodily experience - Merleau-Ponty calls it the body image-and this allows for the concurrent working out and clarification of meaning. This bodyimage, or virtual body, can be examined well through the film experience. So, as Merleau-Ponty suggests, we will look to film, for, as Merleau-Ponty puts it in The Film and the New Psychology: [t]he movies are well suited to make manifest the union of mind and body, mind and world, and the expression of one in the other.


identifier: Jarvis, Sharon <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Jarvis=3ASharon=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Work avoidance as a manifestation of anger, helplessness, and boredom.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine a particular goal orientation in achievement motivation known as the work-avoidant orientation and its manifestation as mechanisms (anger and resentment, incompetency, and boredom), which are akin to the mechanisms that may give rise to passive aggressiveness, learned helplessness, and boredom. -- One-hundred and forty-six students were screened using a self-report survey to identify students with a work-avoidant goal orientation. The data from the goal orientation surveys were analyzed; twenty students who displayed a work-avoidance orientation were identified. A teacher checklist of work-avoidant behaviours was used to corroborate students' self-rating of work avoidance. These twenty students were then interviewed to probe the reasons for their work avoidance. Specifically, it was hypothesized that feelings of anger and resentment, feelings of incompetency, and boredom may result in work avoidance. -- The findings from this study, that is, the results of the self-report goal surveys, showed the presence of three goal orientations, ego-social orientation, task-mastery orientation, and work-avoidant orientation. The results of the interview analysis indicated that half of the work-avoidant students interviewed displayed feelings of anger and resentment, feelings of incompetency, and boredom. These mechanisms paralleled some aspects of passive aggressiveness, learned helplessness, and boredom.


identifier: Pollock, Katina E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pollock=3AKatina_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2001) A reflective analysis of the implementation of the National Literary [i.e. Literacy] and Numeracy Strategies in England's schools.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This report focuses on large-scale, standards-based educational reform through a reflective analysis of the implementation of the National Literacy and Numeracy Strategies (NLNS) in England's schools. The framework employed during this inquiry was adopted from the external evaluation of the NLNS conducted by the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto (OISE/UT). Data collection occurred over a ten-week research internship which consisted of school visitations, interviews with individuals from various aspects of the English educational system, and document analysis. Data analysis was conducted from an Atlantic Canada teacher perspective where reflections were compared to the teaching experience found in both Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. -- In conclusion, teachers are the delivers of educational reform. The English Government must not only acknowledge the unique teacher needs generated from standards-based educational reform but provide professional development and support. -- In addition, England's educational reform allows the Atlantic provinces a prime opportunity to learn and gather knowledge to assist with making better, well-informed decisions related to their own future educational directions.


identifier: Scott, Peter J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Scott=3APeter_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1973) A taxonomic study of some species of Ranunculus L.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A consideration of the taxonomy of Ranunculus gmelinii DC., R. hyper- boreus Rottb,, R. eschsoholtzii Schlect., R. pedatifidus J.E. Smith, R. pygmaeus Wahl,, R. nivalis L., and R. sulphureus Sol. is presented. The role of phenotypic plasticity is indicated as a factor contributing to the range of morphological variation in these species and to the confusion found in their taxonomy. The present work, by a re-examination of representative material collected throughout the North American range of the species, and the use of controlled growth conditions, has suggested new limits for some of the species.  This has resulted in modifications of the descriptions of the species and/or the reduction of taxa to synonymy. -- The following are suggested to designate North American representatives of the species.  Ranunculus gmelinii DC, R. hyperboreus Rottb., R. eschsoholtzii Schlect. var. eschscholtzii (for Alberta and north), R. pedatifidus J.E. Smith var. leiocarpus Fern., R. pygmaeus Wahl., R. nivalis L., and R. Sulphureus Sol. The following have been reduced to synonymy: R. hyperboreus Rottb. var. turquetillanus Polunin (synonym of R. gmelinii), R. natans C.A. Mey var. intertextus (Green) L. Benson (synonym of R. hyperboreus), R. pedatifidus J.E. Smith var. afflnis (R. Br.) L. Benson, R. pygmaeus Wahl. var. langianus Nathorst., and R. sulphureus Sol, var. intercedens Hult. -- The chromosome numbers for specimens of the species included in the work and some other species of Ranunculus, each from several localities, have been determined. A technique for staining Ranunculus chromosomes has been developed in this study. -- The usefulness of chemotaxonomy in providing characters has been studied and it has been found that secondary metabolic products; such as flavonoids and phenolics, are not suitable. -- A discussion of the status of R. gelidus Kar. & Kir, and R. cymbal- aria Pursh var. alpinus Hook, has been included.


identifier: Taylor, David Alan <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Taylor=3ADavid_Alan=3A=3A.html>   (1989) A survey of traditional systems of boat design used in the vicinity of Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, and Hardangerfjord, Norway.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This work is an analysis of traditional systems of boat design employed by boatbuilders in two North Atlantic regions—Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, and Hardangerfjord, Norway. It present two case studies that apply an ethnographic approach to the study of boat design. Though covering basically the same analytical terrain, each case study offers different insights into the process of design. -- Preliminary sections provide the social, historical, economic, andenvironmental contexts of the study areas, discuss categories of builders, and examine the most significant changes influencing boatbuilding in the past 100 to 150 years. These are followed by the core sections of the work which explore a variety of topics relative to the design process, including design conceptualization, translation cf design from mental image to physical form, the use of devices and measurements to control form, the relationship between form and function, and the dynamic interplay between ba-itbuilders1 need for self-expression and their desire to conform to tradition. -- This study calls for greater attention to the process of design in material culture studies. Furthermore, it argues that basic emic concepts that define the essence of the forms of boats and other cultural artifacts can be perceived through systematic analysis of a range of data, including the physical properties of the artifact, verbal statements of artifact makers and users, documents, and observation of an artifact1 s design, construction, and use.


identifier: Maher, Sue Ellen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Maher=3ASue_Ellen=3A=3A.html>   (1998) A study of the antinociceptive and toxicological effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and methoxamine in the rat.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Alpha (α)-adrenergic agonists represent a novel drug class of spinal analgesics and are most commonly used in combination with local anesthetics and opioids. Spinal noradrenergic antinociception is mediated primarily by α₂- adrenoceptors, although α₁-adrenoceptor-mediated antinociception has never been disproven. As demonstrated vasoconstrictors, however, there are concerns regarding the safety of the spinal administration of α₁- and α₂- agonists, alone and in combination. -- The purpose of this study was to determine if intrathecal (i.t.) methoxamine (MX) (α₁-agonist) potentiates i.t. dexmedetomidine (DX) (α₂- agonist)-induced antinociception, if i.t. DX, alone and in combination with MX, injected twice daily for four days, causes spinal neurotoxicity, and the effect of a sub-toxic combination of i.t. DX and MX on i.t. dynorphin-induced neurotoxicity. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400g) implanted with i.t. catheters (L1 termination) were used throughout. The i.t injection of dexmedetomidine (0.01-µg) produced dose-dependent antinociception in the tail flick (TF) and paw pressure (PP) tests (ED₅₀ = 45 and 252 ng, respectively). The addition of a fixed dose of MX (10 µg i.t.), which produced <5% maximum percent effect (MPE) in the TF test and was inactive in the PP test, significantly shifted the DX dose response curve to the left (ED₅₀= 8.1 ng; TF test and 10 ng; PP test) but did not prolong DX's duration of action. A fixed dose combination of DX (0.025 µg) + MX (10 µg) producing near maximal antinociception in the TF test and intermediate activity in the PP test, was near completely blocked by prazosin (10 µg i.t.) or Wyeth 27127 (0.5 µg i.t.). -- Repeated i.t. injections of high dose DX (10 µg) and DX+MX (10 µg each) produced sedation but no motor dysfunction, no inflammation, haemorrhage or necrosis of the spinal cord. Immunohistochemical studies revealed no damage to or loss of calcitonin-gene-related peptide immunoreactivity(CGRP-IR) in either the dorsal or ventral horns or substance P immunoreactivity (SP-IR) in the ventral horn as compared to vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, dynorphin A₁₋₁₃ (192 µg;120 nmol) produced: 1) immediate and irreversible hindlimb paralysis; 2) loss of the stepping and tail flick reflexes; and 3) delayed bladder and bowel dysfunction. Forty-eight hours after dynorphin, immunohistochemical examination revealed a marked depletion of CGRP-IR motor neurons in the lumbar ventral horn. CGRP-or SP-IR was unchanged in the dorsal horn. -- To assess the effect of i.t. DX and MX, alone and in combination, on dynorphin neurotoxicity, rats were pretreated with i.t. DX, MX, a combination of DX+MX (10 µg each) or saline 15 min before i.t. dynorphin A₁₋₁₃(192 µg;120 nmol). In saline pretreated rats, dynorphin produced the same effects as described above. Pretreatment with i.t. DX, MX or DX+MX attenuated the hindlimb paralytic effect of dynorphin. Twenty-four hours after injection, motor reflexes were preserved and accelerating rotarod (RR) scores were similar to controls (no dynorphin) in 4 out of 5 DX-, 3 out of 5 MX- pretreated and 4 out of 4 DX+MX-pretreated rats. Histological evaluation of the spinal cords obtained from these rats were consistent with these functional results, indicative of a neuroprotective effect. For DX and DX+MX pretreated rats, there was a corresponding decrease in rectal temperature (up to 3.4°C for DX alone). MX did not alter rectal temperature. These results of this study indicate that 1) a threshold dose of i.t. MX potentiates α₂-mediated antinociception in the rat; 2) repeated spinal administration of this drug combination has no detectable neurotoxic effect and 3) pretreatment with these drugs effects neuroprotection against i.t. dynorphin in the rat.


identifier: Chang, Yuen-loong <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chang=3AYuen-loong=3A=3A.html>   (1979) Women's status in post-revolutionary China.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Like other traditional societies, women in traditional China had a low status. It is evident particularly in the traditional family settings for family has long been the basic social unit in Chinese society. The degrading status of the Chinese women in the past was the consequence of three major factors: the agricultural mode of production, patrilineage and Confucian ethics. The first section of the thesis discusses the traditional subordination of the female sex in the family as well as in economic, educational and political spheres. -- With the impact of the new idea of sex-equality from the West, the status of women in Chinese society began to improve. Though under the Chinese National regime efforts to improve the women’s status were begun, many measures intended to foster greater sexual equality were not fully carried through. Significant progress in emancipating women came only through the administration of the Chinese Communist government. The measures carried out since then have given Chinese women greater rights in marriage and divorce, property ownership, welfare services, participation in occupational, educational and political fields, etc. The thesis discusses the historical development of the women’s emancipation movement under Communist direction. -- The final section of the thesis compares the status of women in new China with female emancipation in the U.S.S.R. and raises questions about the future possibilities and obstacles to further change. Women’s emancipation in modern China seems to depend heavily on whatever policies the governing regime takes. It is hard to predict what future achievement the women in modern China will have on their ways striving for their equality with men.


identifier: Adams, Gordon <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Adams=3AGordon=3A=3A.html>   (2001) The complexity of the merchant-fisher relationship : revising the merchant domination thesis.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The academic perception of the historical role of merchants and the system of credit that they employed in the Newfoundland state has been changing in recent years, particularly among scholars here in Newfoundland. In the past merchants have borne much of the blame for both the social and economic problems that were prevalent in this region prior to 1950. Poverty, the absence of significant community development, the cleavage of social ties within communities, and even the collapse of the Newfoundland state in the 1930s have been attributed largely to the self-interested economic activities of the merchant class. Gerald Sider's work has been cited as a good example of this perspective. Some scholars have now begun to consider other contributing factors to these problems, however, such as the role of technological change, the inherent complexity of the credit or 'truck’ system, and the necessity of credit to the proper functioning of the informal economy. An important aspect of this recent work is that it has begun to suggest that merchants were also operating under constraint. Consequently, their ability to re-invest in communities or alter their mode of business to remedy Newfoundland's social and economic ills may have been quite limited.


identifier: Keeping, Neachel <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Keeping=3ANeachel=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Telling the untellable : traditional beliefs related to violence against women in a rural Newfoundland community.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Through an analysis of five women's personal experience narratives, this thesis examines traditional coping strategies used by victims of violence in the Newfoundland outport of Town's Grove. I discovered the primary coping mechanism chosen by these women was silence. Consequently, I explore the belief systems of these women in order to express the importance of silence in their lives. -- The first two chapters introduce five women growing up in rural Newfoundland and provide a definition of rural. With a presentation of their life histories, I discuss how their lifestyles and personal experiences inform their attitudes and worldviews regarding violence against them. -- In the next chapter I draw a comparison between these women's definitions and those taken from feminist literature. A discussion of the importance of naming in defining violence against women concludes the chapter. -- Chapters four and five detail the coping strategies used by the women interviewed and review how they are often not successful strategies for change. Although resources such as the church and the law were available to women in Town's Grove, they preferred their own informal strategies such as minimization, role obstruction and silence. I conclude with a look at the long-term effects of violence on the women I interviewed. I also briefly discuss some postulated reasons why women may stay in abusive relationships.


identifier: King, Katharine E. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/King=3AKatharine_E=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Writing the breast cancer journey : illness narratives from an Internet forum.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is a qualitative, exploratory study of the experience of living with breast cancer, using narrative type posts to a breast cancer e-mail list. A narrative analysis methodology was used to examine these women's accounts. Through their personal writing, salient themes about living with breast cancer at different phases of the illness trajectory emerged. These include decisions about adjuvant cancer treatment, living with uncertainty, disruption of daily life and long term plans, loss of self, and realization of mortality. These narrative accounts are informed by three perspectives on breast cancer; the media and public discourse, the medical perspective, and psychosocial adjustment.


identifier: Gibbons, Roy <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gibbons=3ARoy=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Aboriginal participation in commercial fisheries of the Canadian North : the Inuit experience.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: For over four millennium the Inuit people have occupied the Arctic utilizing marine resources of the Arctic region for subsistence purposes. In recent decades a number of significant events including the recognition of aboriginal fisheries rights, the negotiation of land claims agreements and the devolution of management authority have triggered radical changes in fisheries management in the northern region. This paper examines the many marine species in the Northern region and identifies, Greenland halibut (Reinharditus Hippoglossoides) and Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) as having the greatest economic potential for commercial exploitation. A detailed life history and stock status of these two stocks confirms the long term sustainability of the stock for commercial exploitation. Current management strategies are examined and found to be deficient. Commercial exploitation of the resource is challenged by limited quotas assigned by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, lack of access, nonexistent infrastructure, and lack of trained human resources. A compelling case for increased local access is made based on the United Nations international principles of fisheries allocation namely, historical attachment, socio-economic dependence and adjacency. This work recommends a management development strategy based on attaining direct access through increased licenses, partnership arrangements with southern fishing interests to gain expertise and equity, and a co-management of the marine resources in the Arctic region incorporating traditional ecological knowledge with western science.


identifier: Heath Rodgers, Theresa  <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Heath_Rodgers=3ATheresa_=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Work, household economy, and social welfare : the transition from traditional to modern lifestyles in Bonavista, 1930-1960.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis provides first-hand accounts of the life experiences of some of Bonavista's oldest female residents, while also recording aspects of the history of the community as they lived it. As such, it documents a vital component of Newfoundland's history which has gained recognition in recent years but remains largely unwritten. Whereas much Newfoundland literature favors accounts of the lifestyle and work of self-employed inshore fishermen, this thesis primarily examines women's work experiences, both paid and non-paid, formal and informal, in the years before and after Newfoundland's Confederation with Canada. In the course of doing this research, other related aspects of women's life experiences, and of the history of Bonavista, were highlighted. For instance, this thesis also documents, at least in part, the history of health care in Bonavista; particularly women's experiences of health care via their work as bearers and rearers of children. -- From a theoretical perspective, the thesis examines Newfoundland's introduction to social welfare initiatives via Confederation, and argues that Bonavista women were not as significantly affected by Confederation, in financial terms, as much of the traditional economic and political historiography of Newfoundland suggests. Although many of the women interviewed indicated that Confederation had a positive effect on their lives, they often contradicted this by saying that the baby bonus/family allowance was too little to make any large difference in the household budget. Similarly, many stated that neither they nor their husbands received unemployment insurance for any significant periods of time. In fact, many respondents were adamant in expressing that they and their families did not rely on government money for their livelihood. Moreover, this thesis argues, Bonavista women were not so affected by Confederation because they had been raised to appreciate the value of hard work and, in turn, as adults they worked beyond the subsistence level to contribute to their household income.


identifier: King, Bruce N. G. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/King=3ABruce_N=2E_G=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) The current state of technology competencies of teachers in Newfoundland and Labrador schools.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study was designed to assess the current level of teachers' computer and information technology competencies, assess the attitude of teachers toward computer and information technologies, and relate the level of teacher competencies and attitudes toward computers to age, gender, school type and geographic location. -- A thorough review of the literature revealed two suitable instruments, the Technology Needs Assessment Instrument (Alliance of Connecticut Regional Education Service Center, 1997) and the Teacher Attitude Toward Technology Survey (Christensen and Knezek, 1996); which when combined, adequately addressed the research questions. Over 380 of the 540 employees (teachers) in 31 schools in School District #3 in Western Newfoundland returned the surveys. The respondents were inservice teachers ranging in age from 20 to over 50 years, with 2 to over 25 years of teaching experience, from a variety of school types, and were fairly evenly represented by gender and urban and rural location. -- The findings suggest that teachers in Newfoundland and Labrador require a significant amount of training to meet the International Society for Technology in Education foundation standards for all educators; there are significant differences in the view of males and females with regard to their technology competency; younger teachers tend to view themselves as more competent in the use of technology than older teachers; and elementary teachers appear to view themselves as having less technology competence than other teachers while high school teachers tend to view themselves as having more technology competence than other teachers. The attitude of Newfoundland and Labrador teachers toward computer technology is generally positive (with some attitudinal differences between males and females, younger and older teachers, and urban and rural teachers). A strong positive correlation was found between positive attitudes toward computers and teacher competency levels in computer and information technology. Overall, it was recommended that training and support of teacher technology use in the classroom should become a priority at all levels. This should include the allocation of a greater portion of budqets to teacher training and support, development of technology plans that specify which standards should be used for student learning, teacher education and inservice, technology resources, and technical support. -- Centers for teacher training should be developed in each region of the province which support, encourage and assist teachers in the integration of technology in the classroom. Stakeholders must work together to explore ways to provide cost effective, easily accessable distance education programs in computer and information technology to teachers in their schools and homes. -- Stakeholders should identify and implement methods in their technology plans which build on the positive attitudes of teachers and provide and improve training opportunities which take advantages of and reinforce these attitudes. Technology is an ever-changing field and, for teachers to keep up, life long learning and a commitment to self training is required.


identifier: Vincent, Cluney Wycliffe George <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Vincent=3ACluney_Wycliffe_George=3A=3A.html>   (1974) A unit cost analysis of the educational expenditures of a selected school district in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1970-1971.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of the financial operations of a selected school district in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador for the school year 1970-1971. -- Three phases comprised the design of the study:  (1) anticipatory preparation,  (2) procedural methodology, and (3) findings and analysis. More explicitly, anticipatory preparation involved the development of uniform terminology, the establishment of a performance-based expenditure classification system, and the determination of the accounting basis.  The procedural methodology or unit costing entailed the determination of the following, before the chosen per pupil costs of specified areas could be estimated:  (1) the period of time, (2) the appropriate pupil unit, (3) the areas to be included, (4) the proration basis, and (5) the actual or accrued costs.  Findings and analysis involved:  (1) the extrapolation of the major findings, and (2) the analysis of the findings and cost data to make comparisons, predict trends, and draw inferences. -- Data were obtained from the financial ledgers of the school district and from primary sources.  The Faculty Workload Survey questionnaire provided data regarding the teaching staff in the district. Initial treatment of the data included prorating the costs to schools, and where possible, to subjects and program routes.  Final treatment of the data involved the calculation of cost figures; namely, (1) the total operational costs in the district, (2) the cost per pupil in the district, (3) the cost per pupil in each school, (4) the cost per pupil in each subject, (5) the cost per pupil in each subject cluster, and (6) the cost per pupil in each grade level or program route. -- The total educational operational expenditures in the school district amounted to $1,763,164.28 which averaged an estimated per pupil cost of $327.48. Direct instructional salaries accounted for 58.4 per cent of this amount. -- It was found that there were significant differences among costs per Divisions, resulting primarily from differences in direct instructional costs.  In Divisions I, II, and III the most expensive subject cluster was Language Arts, while in Division IV the most expensive subject cluster was Mathematics. The cost per pupil per Division increased steadily from Division I through to Division IV inclusive.  In Division IV it was found that the cost of the General Diploma route was significantly more expensive than the Academic Matriculation route.


identifier: Pitt, Thomas Kenton <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Pitt=3AThomas_Kenton=3A=3A.html>   (1975) The biology and fishery of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides [Fabricius]) with special reference to the Grand Bank.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: American plaice (Hippaglossoides platessoides) is widely distributed throughout  the Northwest Atlantic with the  Grand  Bank supporting the  largest population.  Meristics indicated possibly considerable intermingling during pre- metamorphosis stages, but on  the Grand Bank, at least, tagging and growth data suggested little intermingling beyond  the  early life-history stages. -- Length-age comparisons, indicated considerable  differences between localities  and also  gave positive correlations between average length at ages  5 and 15 and probable bottom temperature. -- Peak spawning occurred from  early April on Flemish Cap  to early June off Northeast Newfoundland and Labrador. Fifty percent (50%)   sexual maturity  for different localities occurred at  7.8-12.2  years  for females  and 5.3-7.6 years for males. -- Log-log relationships were established between fecundity and fish length, gutted and gilled weight and age for Grand Bank samples.  No differences were found between fecundity- length  relationships  for different parts of the  Grand Bank. -- Although invertebrates, principally benthic forms occurred most frequently in plaice stomachs from the Grand Bank capelin and  lance  made  up a major part of the total food weight  and were especially  important  for the  southern  Grand Bank. -- Landings of Grand Bank plaice increased from the early 1950’s and reached a peak in 1966-68 with a  subsequent gradual  decline.  Increased exploitation was reflected in declines in catch per hour, stock  abundance  and fishing mortality rates. Stock assessments suggested that removals  in the  immediate future  may be  lower than in previous years. However, because of non-reporting of discards of plaice, prediction  of yield is  difficult. -- Average  length at age  increased from the  early 1950’s  to  the  1970’s  apparently-because of  increased rate of growth in the early years of life and coupled with  this was  a decline  in  age at  sexual  maturity.  Significant correlations were  found between  stock  size ,asymptotic  length   and size at age 5  and 10  years  for the northern half of the  Grand Bank.


identifier: Crompton, Amanda J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Crompton=3AAmanda_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2001) A seventeenth-century planter's house at Ferryland, Newfoundland (CgAf-2, Area D).  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis examines the remains of a domestic structure and a well dating to the late seventeenth century in Ferryland, Newfoundland, Canada (CgAf-2, Area D). The aims of this research are to date the house and the well, and to understand the relationship between the two features. The dwelling remains were further examined to explore the range of activities that took place there, and to resolve the socio-economic position of the individuals who lived there. Some attention is also paid to exploring the larger trade network in which the residents of this house participated. The house's structure is reconstructed as far as possible, and is compared with contemporaneous examples. -- This thesis analyses the ceramic, glass, clay tobacco pipe, and metal finds from the collection. The results of this analysis have demonstrated that the well was constructed sometime after ca. 1660, and fell out of use between 1770 and 1790. The house was constructed shortly after 1673, and was destroyed in an attack by French forces in 1696. It was a substantial timber-framed structure. The planters who lived there were year-round residents, whose main economic focus was participating in the cod fishery. The planters were most likely a family-based household, employing servants who probably lived in the house with them. All available evidence indicates that the Area D planters were firmly entrenched within the middling ranks of local society.


identifier: Piccinini, Maria Nair da Silva Damato <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Piccinini=3AMaria_Nair_da_Silva_Damato=3A=3A.html>   (1975) Algebraic properties of twisted polynomial rings.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this thesis, we study the twisted polynomial rings and determine  several of their intrinsic properties. -- In chapter I, we define the twisted polynomial ring Rα,ψ[X], prove it is a ring and establish some preliminary results. -- In chapter II, we study the chain conditions;  here the Hilbert basis theorem is extended to twisted polynomial rings. -- In chapter III, we are concerned with the Noether radical of twisted  polynomial rings with zero derivation. -- In chapter lV, we describe the endomorphisms of a twisted polynomial ring which leave the coefficients unchanged. -- In chapter V, we consider only twisted polynomial rings with zero derivation.   Here we study the automorphisms which restrict to the identity-map on the ring of coefficients.  Complete results are obtained for commutative rings with a regular  element. – If two twisted polynomial rings are isomorphic what can be said, about the rings of coefficiants?  We look into this question in chapter VI and, in chapter VII, we study in detail the example given by M. Hochster showing  that not every ring is invariant.


identifier: Peere, Isabelle Marie,1956- <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Peere=3AIsabelle_Marie,1956-=3A=3A.html>   (1992) Death and worldview in a ballad culture : the evidence of Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study investigates death as an expression of worldview in Newfoundland tradition, and with particular attention given to its classical ballads. From the correlation of their people's life style and moral orientations (the pragmatic context), the views and values carried across genres (the symbolic context) and those expressed within the ballads (their poetic context), one claims to find articulated a coherent worldview upholding positive behaviour--in the face of death as in life. While this attitude is found expressed in traditional societies as well as in classical balladry, it pervades past and modern local tradition, and seems particularly appropriate to Newfoundland's maritime culture. The striking prominence of revenant types in the classical ballad repertoire and the exceptional courage of the heroine of the most popular "Sweet William's Ghost" (Ch 77) confirm local concern with bereavement and its successful resolution. This evidence for Newfoundland yields the proposition that, while the meanings carried in a cultural ballad corpus are essentially generic, they are actualized in dynamic relation with specific cultural contexts and worldviews.


identifier: Anderson, Douglas Edward <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Anderson=3ADouglas_Edward=3A=3A.html>   (1975) The development of a job analysis guide.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: The development of a job analysis guide

abstract: The purpose of this Project was to develop a Job Analysis Guide of all jobs for which formal vocational training was available in Newfoundland and which did not require a work prerequisite to enter training. The writer first used a review of the literature to determine the types of information which should be included in a Job Analysis Guide. Then, using a Job Analysis Questionnaire, information was collected from the literature and through interviews with persons in the various occupational fields. After all information was collected, members of the various occupations were consulted to verify its accuracy and completeness. – The information was then examined, analysed and classified into ten categories which were deemed imperative by the literature for inclusion in Analysis Guide. The Job Analysis Guide was divided into three main sections. Section I was a Chart of jobs for which training was available in Newfoundland and the locations of the appropriate training centers. Section II contained the seventy-four job analyses. Section III was a brief description of apprenticeship training available in Newfoundland. – The Guide was then made available to the Department of Education to be reproduced and sent out to all of the high schools in Newfoundland.


identifier: Fowler, Ken F. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Fowler=3AKen_F=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1994) A total smoking ban : an exploratory analysis of average monthly sick-leave use among public service employees before and after the introduction of a no-smoking policy.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In a time-series design, sick-leave records of three- hundred and nine General Service employees from four Newfoundland government head offices were analyzed over a four-year period to determine if any change in average monthly sick-leave use resulted from the introduction of a no-smoking policy. Using three dependent measures, the total-time index (TTI), frequency index (Fl) and short-term index (STI), pre and post measures were assessed for possible changes through the use of ARIMA (p,d,q) procedures and ANOVA procedures where applicable. No significant change in absenteeism regardless of dependent measure, time of policy introduction, or department was found. Differences among dependent measures, the future of absenteeism research and the suitability of sick-leave use as an indicator of employee well-being are discussed.


identifier: Hendrickson, Cheryl <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hendrickson=3ACheryl=3A=3A.html>   (1999) The biogeography of coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara l.) invasion in Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The invasion of the Eurasian weed coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) in Gros Morne National Park (GMNP), Newfoundland, was examined to determine which resource changes accompanying disturbance enabled population expansion. Resource levels were measured in 17 disturbance types of natural and anthropogenic origin - notably hiking trails, roads, gravel quarries, shorelines, slopes, hydro corridors and insect kills - and across a gradient from disturbed to undisturbed in 12 vegetation types. Balsam fir forest comprises 36 percent of the park and has the highest number of disturbance types. -- Disturbances favouring coltsfoot were characterized by a pH of 6.8-8.3, high light intensity, increased bare ground, absence of duff cover and moist, gravelly substrates. These resource levels were typical of both natural and anthropogenic disturbances in which the canopy and duff cover were absent, and the pH of acidic native soils had been raised by the addition of quarried limestone or granitic gravel. These represent resource shifts or amplifications relative to undisturbed vegetation types in which coltsfoot was absent. -- The difference in resource levels across the disturbance gradient indicates that coltsfoot is unable to colonize undisturbed native vegetation. Likewise, a change in resource levels over time, which favours other species and is unsuitable for coltsfoot, appears to be the mechanism of coltsfoot’s recession. -- Coltsfoot is subject to grazing by other species, indicating its success in GMNP is not entirely a function of its escape from Old World predators, as is often thought to be the case for other invasives. -- Elevation was not a limiting factor for coltsfoot in GMNP as it was found to be on the Gaspé Peninsula where it does not occur in elevations greater than 150 m asl. Where coltsfoot occurs at high altitudes it is found on all exposures, so that aspect is not a factor in overcoming the climatic changes that accompany increasing elevation. -- Not all disturbance types present resource levels favourable for coltsfoot establishment. However, resource levels associated with some disturbance types of anthropogenic origin indicate that park activities have played an important role in the invasion of coltsfoot in GMNP. Gravel of neutral to basic pH provided a medium for rhizome dispersal during the road and trail construction phase of the park from the late 1970s to mid 1980s. Redistribution of gravel allowed coltsfoot, a calciphile limited by low pH, to obtain exponential population growth over a relatively short period of time. -- Invasion represents a change in resources from historic levels that accompanies certain disturbance types. In chronic (sustained) disturbances associated with roadsides and streams, coltsfoot may persist indefinitely. However, if native vegetation communities are not subjected to disturbances that produce favourable resource levels for coltsfoot, the biodiversity of native vegetation and the fauna that depend upon it, are not threatened.


identifier: Yu, Qiyao <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Yu=3AQiyao=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Texture classification of SAR sea ice using the wavelet transform.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Sea ice types and concentrations are of great importance for ship navigation in or near the ice. The evaluation of ice types and properties using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery has attracted much attention in recent years. SAR sea ice images usually have consistent textures that can be utilized for sea ice description and classification. Therefore, methods based on texture discrimination could be designed to identify ice types and evaluate ice properties by machine without human intervention. -- This thesis contributes to the ice identification problem mainly by investigating the feature extraction phase in a texture classification process. A review is given of several different approaches including Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices and Gabor filtering, while the emphasis is on those based on the wavelet transform techniques. Comparative studies have been conducted on both the selection of wavelet band signatures and of wavelet kernels. -- A new wavelet band signature, named wavelet entropy, is proposed and applied to texture classification with encouraging results. This technique extracts features from wavelet band histograms. A promising aspect of this new technique is that it provides estimates of probability measures of the texture memberships.  These membership probabilities have been used in a ship navigation application with interesting results presented in the thesis. -- Texture orientation issues are also addressed in this thesis. Because of the oriented structures apparent in some SAR sea ice textures, it is desirable to extract rotation invariant features. Some new work is presented that has achieved this goal to some degree by DFT encoding on the features of different orientations, obtained via the complex wavelet transform instead of the traditional discrete wavelet transform to separate the mixed diagonal directions.


identifier: Rose, Sarah (Sarah R.) <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rose=3ASarah_=28Sarah_R=2E=29=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Tense and aspect in the Vetālapañcaviṅśati, a work of late classical Sanskrit.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The loss of many of the finite verbal forms of Sanskrit between the Vedic period (1200- 700 B.C.) and the Classical period (400-1700 A.D.) has been well documented (Burrow 1955; Taraporewala 1967; Pap 1990; Masica 1991). By the Classical period, the three finite past tenses, the aorist, perfect and imperfect, had "fallen together" and were being used interchangeably to relate past events (Taraporewala 1967:76; Misra 1968:62; Whitney 1889/1967:201). -- This thesis investigated verbal forms of a text of late Classical Sanskrit, the Vetālapañcaviṅśati, ‘Twenty Five Tales of a Demon', with a view to discovering some of the directions taken in the post-Vedic process of "rebuilding" the verbal system. -- Jambhaladatta's version of the Vetālapañcaviṅśati was found to contain two systems used to indicate past events: the 'archaic' (including the aorist, imperfect and perfect) and the 'innovative' (including the P-oriented participle -ta and the A-oriented participle -tavant). The three 'old' tenses showed no significant semantic differences, consistent with their acknowledged "collapse", although the perfect did show a discourse function of indicating "finality". The P-oriented -ta participle was used three times as often as the A-oriented -tavant participle, indicating that in the 'new’ system, the syntactic shift from A- to P-orientation (as in Hock 1986) was well underway. -- The Historical Present, consistent with its function in all periods of the language, was heavily used for the "lively" narration of past events, both as a main verb, and as the auxiliary component of analytic forms. -- The 'new’ system also showed numerous analytic aspectual forms. To indicate imperfective aspect, constructions involving the present participle plus auxiliaries ✓sthā 'to stand’, ✓ās 'to stay,sit', and vidyate<✓vid ‘to find' were used extensively. The auxiliary vidyate was noted to be a recategorized middle voice verb, with features of both A- and P- orientation. Retrospective aspect was regularly indicated by constructions involving the PPP combined with the auxiliary ✓as 'to be; this construction was especially common in direct speech. -- The increase in analytic forms, clearly marked for imperfective aspect, was considered to be a strategy to redress an imbalance in the 'old' system of preterite tenses where imperfective aspect was under represented.


identifier: Anderson-Lane, Valerie Elizabeth <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Anderson-Lane=3AValerie_Elizabeth=3A=3A.html>   (1990) A study of the educational therapy service in Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In 1986, the Department of Education in Newfoundland and Labrador developed a policy concerning its services for behavior disordered students.   The teaching unit assigned to provide these services was entitled Educational Therapist. -- The purpose of this study was to examine the educational therapist's services offered to behavior disordered students. Educational therapists throughout the Province completed a survey questionnaire regarding their own background, characteristics of the children, and the interventions provided for these students.  Fifty- nine therapists responded and provided information about themselves and 306 core behavior disordered children. -- The analysis of responses included the characteristics and problems of children labeled behavior disordered in these units; the nature of services and treatments being provided; the training and background of the therapists, as well as their perception of further training needs.  Results indicate that educational therapists work with a variety of behavior disordered children. -- The training and background of therapists are varied and there is little consensus among those surveyed related to the role and function of the educational therapist.  Results would indicate a strong need to further research the effectiveness of these positions along with their appropriate roles in the school system.


identifier: Babstock, D.M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Babstock=3AD=2EM=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Ontogeny of the androgen receptor in the hippocampus of the Sprague-Dawley rat.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Immunocytochemistry (ICC) with a polyclonal antibody (PG-21) was used to investigate the ontogeny of the androgen receptor (AR) in the hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Brains of five male and female littermates were examined at each age covering the neonatal (PND 2, 5, 7), juvenile (PND 14), prepubertal (PND 25), and pubertal (PND 40) period with one male and female examined at PND 60. As well, two sets of PND 7 and PND 25 male and female littermates were injected 30 minutes before perfusion with dihydrotestosterone benzoate (DHTB) to look for a possible ligand-dependent increase in staining. The density of staining in the hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG cell layers was determined in each section with the density of the DG subtracted from the density of the pyramidal cell layers as a control for background staining. -- In the hippocampus of both sexes, AR staining density is described by an inverted U-shaped function between the ages of PND 2 and PND 25 with a peak at PND 7. AR staining density in the CA1 cell layer is at its highest density in both sexes during puberty (PND 40), with significantly greater density in the male. In contrast, at PND 40, AR staining density remains low in the CA3 cell layer. The only other age that exhibits a possible sex difference is PND 7 with a trend within the CA1 cell layer for greater AR staining density in the male. -- In the neonatal and prepubertal animal, the AR staining is dispersed equally throughout the cell with nuclear enhanced density observed at PND 40. The effect of DHTB treatment on AR density depends on age. Increased staining is observed in both sexes at PND 7 whereas, in the prepubertal animals (PND 25), DHTB appears to decrease AR density in females with no consistent effect in males. -- The ontogeny of the AR within the hippocampus is compared to the ontogeny of the AR in other brain areas and to the ontogeny of the estrogen receptor (ER). It is concluded that neonatal and prepubertal hippocampal AR may be regulated by factors other than circulating androgen as AR density is not clearly related to serum testosterone (T) levels and DHTB-treatment does not elicit a nuclear translocation as demonstrated in adult animals. Instead, the AR is equally dispersed throughout the cell, regardless of androgen treatment. Thus, the neonatal and adult AR may be differently regulated and may have different functions. -- Key words: Androgen receptor (AR); immunocytochemistry (ICC); PG-21; ontogeny; hippocampus; CA1; CA3; dihydrotestosterone benzoate (DHTB).


identifier: Wood, James Christopher <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wood=3AJames_Christopher=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Tense and aspect in Gothic : a statistical comparison of the Greek and Gothic versions of St. Mark's Gospel.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis will attempt to define the tense/aspect system of Gothic, using the functionalist approach of Comrie's Aspect (1976) as a theoretical framework. Relatively little research has been conducted on the subject of Gothic aspect compared to that of Greek or Latin. The prior research in the field describes two main approaches. One, first put forward by Streitberg 1891, stated that Gothic had a tense/aspect system similar to those of Slavic languages in the use of preverbs to perfectivize verbs. The many exceptions to this theory led to a second approach, after Scherer 1954, suggesting that Gothic aspect is a semantic category and not a morphological one, and that preverbs have little or no relationship to aspect. My own interpretation is closer to Streitberg's in that preverbs do tend to encode perfective aspect, but I believe the system was incompletely developed at the time that Wulfila translated the Bible into Gothic; the exceptions noted by Scherer would then seem to indicate that the system was still in flux. -- The central part of the thesis will be a statistical analysis of St Mark's Gospel in Greek and Gothic, with additional comparative data from Latin. From this limited corpus a list will be compiled of all verbs in St Mark's Gospel. Since the Greek tense/aspect system has already been defined, this list of verbs will be subdivided according to their Greek morphological categories and then analyzed to determine how the Greek aspectual distinctions (imperfective, perfective and retrospective) are translated into Gothic in terms of the presence or absence of preverbs.


identifier: Whalen, Linda Dorothy Sheppard <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Whalen=3ALinda_Dorothy_Sheppard=3A=3A.html>   (1989) A reading of Beowulf.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: A reading of Beowulf

abstract: Beowulf is a study of survival:  the survival of the individual, of the race, of the species, and of the human spirit as a transcendent form of the will to continuance and renewal. Because consciousness is integral to human survival, Beowulf must also be a study of human consciousness in conflict with conscious and unconscious forces that threaten its being, as well as in faithful obedience to those forces that promote its potential for becoming. -- The dynamic of Beowulf contains the interaction of consciousness with a projection, upon the 'real1 world, of forms perhaps inherent in the structure of the human psyche.  The power of the conscious mind to repress the contents of the unconscious, forcing them 'underground' or 'underwater,' and the perceived necessity of its doing so, creates the tension that gives rise to the inter-psychic dialectic.  The religious tensions of the poem derive from conflicting ideologies, including the subliminal influence of 'pagan' or 'high pagan’ (i.e., gnostic) thought. The ideal product of this tension is its resolution through the recreation or transformation of both the individual entity and collective consciousness into a form that transcends apparent limitations, so that the objectives of survival can continue to be met.  The real product is the poem itself, as a work of art. -- The patterns of behaviour, both actual and symbolic, by which the necessary adaptations, or transformations, of basic nature are effected, are the materials of this poem. Everything in Beowulf is, from this perspective, symbolic, from the archetypal forms which manifest themselves as patterns or projections of being and action, to the landscape, which impresses itself upon the reader as both an introjection of objective reality and as a projection of subjective perception, to the structures of human consciousness, to the characters encountered by the heroic protagonist. -- The eponymous hero is both an archetypal form of consciousness (where he is seen as the agent of the ego) and unconsciousness (where he is understood to be an agent of the 'self').  His primary function is to act for 'good’ in opposition to the forces for 'evil' represented by the two monsters and the dragon, who stand for the dangerous and destructive elements of the three primary instincts that form the unifying thematic principle for the discussion: aggression, sexuality, and transformation (or the so-called religious instinct).  These instinctual occupations, the modes of action in which the hero, Beowulf, like every human being, engages, have psychic as well as physical manifestations and goals.  The psychic goal is individuation, or the process of becoming a fully 'realized' individual.  The evolutionary stages of the hero represent the development of the individual's consciousness, which must include awareness of his or her own strengths and weaknesses, so that the transformative requirements of individuation may be met. -- The whole of Beowulf can be seen as the enactment of the process of individuation. Beowulf, the hero, is, in this analysis, the “individuant,” who confronts in the monsters and dragon the archetypal projections of his own unconscious, which may, through the structural and formal elements of the poem, be discovered as a driving force, or will, directing the three instincts described by C.G. Jung:  the aggressive, the sexual and the religious. The antagonists, in their respective forms as Grendel, the Merewife and the Wyrm, represent the repressed elements of these three primary instincts;  Beowulf's battles represent the battles between consciousness and the destructive elements of both the personal and the collective unconscious. The Wyrm, in its aspect of Draca, also stands for the final transformative principle and process that underlies all developmental change. -- Apart from its representation of the individual psyche, and in keeping with both the mythopoeic intention of epic poetry and the collective nature of oral poetry, Beowulf also reflects this civilization's evolving humanity, its society, its systems and its psyche, and is, in this sense, a reflection of the collective consciousness and unconsciousness of a human species defined in relation to environmental conditions of seasonal change that includes, in a psychically significant way, the elemental conditions of ice and snow. -- Because the poem is considered to be 'about' the process of psycho-genetic development in the human individual and species, the pattern of discussion is determined by the elements basic to that process:  birth, growth, death and transformation.  The special temporal and transcendental function of the hero will be discussed throughout with reference to these thematic factors.


identifier: Dreaddy, Kimberly A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Dreaddy=3AKimberly_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2001) A school-based group process for children who witness family violence.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Historically, groups supporting children who have witnessed violence have been housed in shelters for women and children fleeing abuse. The purpose of this project is to develop a school-based group process which can be co-facilitated by teachers and guidance staff. The program consists often group sessions which focus on the cognitive, psychological, and social needs of a child experiencing or at risk of witnessing family violence. Important factors are identification and expression of feelings, building self- esteem, personal safety, and awareness and prevention of abuse. The materials, group structure, and philosophical framework for this process are in keeping with the work of women's shelters and the writer's own experience in group development and shelter work over the past ten years.


identifier: Zhao, Yingming <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Zhao=3AYingming=3A=3A.html>   (2001) A study of the effects of size-dependent processes on survival and growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Fish year-class strength can be established at early life stages, such as the egg and larval stage. A small variation in growth and survival during these early life periods can result in a substantial variation in fish recruitment. Therefore, a better understanding of factors influencing growth and survival of fish eggs and larvae can help fisheries scientists better understand the variations in fish population sizes. Based on a literature review and laboratory experiments, this study investigated the size-dependent effects on early life stages (egg and larvae) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). -- Egg size can be influenced by many factors including female size (age, length or weight), fecundity and seasonal temperature. Larval size at hatching is often related to egg size and incubation temperature. Size (stage)-dependent survival has been observed for larvae in many studies. Growth rate, which may be influenced by many factors including temperature and food supply, is one of the key factors determining larval size and mortality rate. -- For Atlantic cod, my study showed that larger eggs yielded larger larvae at hatching, but took longer to hatch. Larval size at hatching and incubation time were negatively correlated with incubation temperature. Although neither egg size nor incubation temperature was found to affect yolk size at hatching, higher accumulated incubation temperature significantly decreased the yolk size at hatching, but increased larval size at hatching. -- The larval survival and growth experiment showed that feeding conditions and larval size at hatching significantly influenced larval survival. Better feeding resulted in higher survival. The study found that the survival rate for small larvae was higher than that for large larvae, which might result from the absence of predators in this study. Higher temperature reduced the time of yolk utilization and thus caused the cod larvae to start exogenous feeding earlier. The growth rate of cod larvae during the exogenous feeding period is higher than that during endogenous feeding period. The first few days of growth mainly resulted in a significant increase in larval weight. Delayed first feeding significantly decreased the growth rate in cod larvae. However, the large larvae showed a higher growth rate compared with small larvae under the delayed first feeding condition. After a 10 to 13-day acclimatization, the larvae under delayed first feeding exhibited the compensatory growth. -- The size effect on cod larval growth was only significant in the delayed feeding condition, which implies that the bigger the better is more evident in cod larvae under unfavourable conditions, such as delayed initial feeding in this study.