title: Urban food forestry (UFF), its role in Canadian urban forestry management plans, and integration into Thunder Bay, Ontario

subject: Urban forestry

subject: Food security

subject: Urban food forestry

abstract: Urban food forests are perennial polycultures of fruit or nut-producing tree species that mimic a natural ecosystem. The concept of urban food forestry within small grassroots campaigns and initiatives is not a new one, but has until recently gained some recognition in Canadian urban forest management plans. Even so, its role in urban forest management plans remains poorly understood. An analysis of 10 contextual search terms and themes related to urban food forestry within 25 Canadian urban forest management plans was conducted to better understand its role. It was determined that the mention of urban food forestry was distributed unevenly and disproportionately with no discernible pattern. Discussions surrounding existing urban food forestry initiatives within Canada were then mentioned to adopt a framework to help address food insecurity in Thunder Bay.


title: A longitudinal evaluation of an on-reserve methadone maintenance therapy program

subject: Methadone maintenance therapy program in Canada

subject: Opioid

subject: Opioid use (non-medical purposes)

subject: Prescription and nonprescription opioid use (Indigenous populations)

subject: Opioid related issues in Canada’s First Nations population

abstract:
Canada’s First Nations population experiences elevated rates of opioid use and negative opioid-related
consequences. These rates stem from the long history of colonization that First Nations
populations have faced, which has resulted in unique treatment access barriers and a need for
culturally and contextually relevant treatment. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally
evaluate the first on-reserve methadone maintenance therapy program in Canada through both
client questionnaires and staff interviews. Forty-nine clients (mean age of 40, 51% female, 100%
First Nations identification) and 11 staff members of the program participated in this study.
Overall, clients noted self-improvement; improved quality of life, housing condition,
employment status, and family support; and decreases in symptoms of anxiety and depression,
overall psychological and physical distress, and drug use and high-risk behaviours. Qualitatively,
clients spoke positively of the treatment centre and noted challenges of the program. Staff noted
their primary goal as seeing clients become substance free and they also spoke about the
importance of the community’s support of the program. Staff noted challenges with funding and
reported a desire to see the program continue to help the community until everyone is healed.
Overall, the results of the evaluation were positive and show that the program is succeeding in
the eyes of the clients and the staff.


title: Distracted driving and crash responsibility in fatal USA collisions 1991-2015

subject:
Distracted driving
Fatalities and distracted driving
Crash responsibility

abstract:
Distracted driving occurs when the driver engages in a secondary activity (e.g., cell phone use, eating) that affects the performance of the primary task of driving. Distracted driving has been associated with driver errors and increased crash risk. This study examined the association between driving distractions and risk of fatal crash responsibility.
The first objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of distracted driving in fatal collisions (by sex and age) from 1991 – 2015. The second objective was to establish the most prevalent type of distraction during this time period. The third objective was to examine the association between distracted driving and crash responsibility in fatal crashes from 2010 – 2015.
Driver distraction was first included in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database in 1991 as part of the unsafe driver action (UDA) variable. In 2010, driver distraction was revised and captured independently of the UDA variable. We computed proportion of drivers coded with at least one distraction by sex for each of the years (1991-2015; n = 86,656) and age by sex for this entire time period. We generated and compared frequencies for each distraction identified (e.g., cell-phone use; audio controls). To estimate the association between distracted driving and crash responsibility, drivers (aged 20 years or older, blood alcohol of zero, drug negative) of passenger type vehicles involved in a fatal USA crash between 2010 – 2015 (n = 27,241) were included in a case-control design. Having one or more unsafe driving action (UDA) was used as a proxy measure for crash responsibility. Cases had at least one UDA recorded; controls had no UDAs reported. We computed adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals of committing an UDA (distracted relative to non-distracted) for male and female drivers at several ages via logistic regression.
Between 1991 and 2015, prevalence of distracted driving fluctuated between 6% (1995; male drivers) and 12% (2009; female drivers) depending on year and driver’s sex. While young drivers, especially males, had the greatest number of fatal crashes involving distraction; proportionally, the percentages were similar for males and females. This proportional difference was most pronounced for drivers aged 20-35 and 50-75. The most commonly identified distraction in fatal collisions from 1991 – 2015 was activity related to cell phones (e.g., talking, manipulating, or other cell phone related). Driving distracted increased the odds of crash responsibility (i.e., one or more UDAs), especially for middle-aged drivers (age 45 OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 2.06, 2.67).
Despite educational campaigns, distracted driving continues to be a persistent factor in fatal crashes. It is likely the data presented here underestimates the prevalence of, and risk associated with distracted driving due to the difficulty in coding distraction post-crash. Given the role of distractions in fatal crashes, their prevention should continue to be addressed as a public health issue.


title: Black Spruce (Picea mariana) Regeneration in Post-fire Cryptogamic Mats

subject: Cryptogamic seedbeds

subject: Lichen vs. moss seedbed

subject: Seed germination

abstract:
Post-fire black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) regeneration has received
considerable attention in management of the boreal forest of eastern Canada. Seedbed
quality is a key factor for seed germination and early seedling establishment. The
objective of this research was to investigate the potential role of cryptogamic seedbeds in
black spruce germination and seedling establishment. To compare lichen-dominated
seedbeds with thin and thick organic matter, in situ seeding experiments were conducted
at three sites in Terra Nova National Park, Newfoundland burned 11 (Rocky Pond, RP),
17 (Spracklin Road, SR) and 37 (Terra Nova Road, TNR) years ago. At each site, three
manipulation treatments (mat-intact, mat-mixed and mat-removed) were applied to the
seedbed with four replications in plots of 30 x 30 cm where 200 black spruce seeds were
broadcasted. To compare lichen vs. moss seedbed, the same experimental design was
extended to moss dominated seedbeds at the SR site. A laboratory germination bioassay
was conducted to test the possible chemical effects of four cryptogamic species on black
spruce germination and primary growth. Seed germination was highest in mat-intact and
mat-removal plots with thick OM at RP, mat-mixed plots with thin OM at SR and matmixed
plots with both thin and thick OM at TNR. There was significantly higher
germination and seedling establishment on moss seedbeds than lichen seedbeds. In moss
seedbeds, mat-mixed plots with thick OM had the highest germination but mat-intact
plots of both thin and thick OM had higher seedling establishment. Moss seedbeds had
higher soil moisture and lower surface temperature than lichen seedbeds. Laboratory
bioassay with lichen Cladonia cristatella Tuck. had significantly lower germination and
seedling growth than control but no difference between the control and moss treatments.
HPLC analysis of C. cristatella indicated the presence of a germination inhibiting
allelochemical, usnic acid. Lichen mat provides physical barrier to seed germination and
seedling growth in late post-fire site TNR but not in early post-fire sites. It appears that
moss dominated seedbeds facilitate black spruce regeneration by increasing seedbed
moisture retention and maintaining low surface temperature, while lichen seedbeds
inhibit seedling regeneration by their adverse physical and chemical effects. Cryptogamic
seedbed type, OM thickness, soil moisture and temperature are limiting factors in poor
black spruce seedling regeneration after fire.


title: Northern wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) as a phytoremediation species in eutrophic wetlands - investigation of root-sediment interactions

contributor:
Lee, Peter
Kanavillil, Nandakumar
Leung, Kam
Kurissery, Sreekumari

subject:
Anthropogenic eutrophication
Phytoremediation
Water chemistry
Sediment chemistry
Vegetation chemistry
Northern wild rice
Surface water & sediment

abstract:
The causes of anthropogenic eutrophication in water bodies are multi-faceted and multigenerational, presenting an ever increasing need for effective and sustainable solutions.Phytoremediation presents a cost-effective strategy to improve water body nutrient retention and removal, contributing to eutrophication mitigation efforts.
This thesis examines the potential for northern wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) to be used
as a phytoremediation species in eutrophic wetlands. An investigation into root-sediment
interactions was undertaken to determine how northern wild rice affects water and
sediment pore water chemistry. Northern wild rice growth was found to alter sediment
pore water chemistry, contributing directly to nutrient retention during the summer
growing season through nutrient assimilation in its tissues, and indirectly through
increasing pore water Fe and Mn in the fall. The majority of P and N within the plant
was found to be contained in the stems and leaves (44-53%), followed by the
inflorescence (22-28%). Harvesting northern wild rice vegetation (including the seeds) at
the end of the growing season would present a permanent nutrient removal mechanism.
Substantial iron plaque forms on the roots of northern wild rice, visible as an orangebrown
coating that ranges structurally from <1 μm to 14 μm thick. Iron plaques were
found to be composed mainly of Fe, O, Al and K, with Fe found within and on root
epidermal cells. P was not found to be associated with iron root plaques.
With proper harvesting and management techniques, northern wild rice grown in
eutrophic water bodies could present a viable phytoremediation method for nutrient
removal.


title: An assessment of juvenile lake sturgeon movement and habitat use in the Namakan River of Northwestern Ontario

contributor:
McLaren, Brian
Chipps, Steven
Mackereth, Rob

subject:
Acipenser fulvescens
Acoustic telemetry
Aquatic habitat
Lake sturgeon
Namakan River
Resource selection

abstract: The Namakan River of Northwestern Ontario is home to a recovering population of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). Although the adult portion of this population has been well studied in recent years, very little information has been available for the juvenile (< 61 cm) portion. This study was designed to gather baseline information focused primarily at locating "nursery areas" used by juvenile lake sturgeon. Netting at 5 locations returned catches ranging from 0.9 juveniles per net at the mouth of the Namakan River and Little Eva Lake to 4.1 juveniles per net in Bill Lake, about 14 km upstream from the river mouth. Movements of ten juvenile lake sturgeon caught in Bill Lake and later aged at 4-6 years were tracked and matched to local water depth and flow.


title: Reducing the environmental impact of the flotation of sphalerite : an alternative reagent scheme

subject:
Sphalerite
Flotation
Flotation reagents

abstract: N-Hydrocinnamoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (HCNPHA) was found to float sphalerite without activation by copper sulphate. However, concomitant flotation of sulphidic gangue minerals, such as pyrite, significantly reduced the grade. Adding 200 g/t of copper sulphate, which is approximately 80% reduction in the amount consumed in the xanthate reagent scheme currently used in the industry, improved the grade and the recovery.


title: The relationship between perfectionism and athlete engagement among male adolescent athletes: the moderating role of coach autonomy support

contributor:
Gotwals, John
Pearson, Erin
Zerpa, Carlos

subject:
Athlete engagement
Perfectionism (athletes)
Sport perfectionism

abstract: Athlete engagement is a positive state of mind capturing athletes’ feelings of enthusiasm, confidence, vigour, and dedication toward their sport and may result from basic psychological needs satisfaction (Hodge, Lonsdale, & Jackson, 2009; Lonsdale, Hodge, & Raedeke, 2007). As perfectionism is common in athletes, the present study examined whether athletes with different perfectionism profiles differed across these engagement characteristics and tested whether those differences were moderated by coach autonomy support. A sample of 191 male youth club basketball and football players (Mage = 16.59, SD = 0.67) completed measures of athlete engagement, sport perfectionism, and coach autonomy support. Latent profile analysis was used to categorize participants according to their standings across perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. A 3-class model was adopted with groups representing non-perfectionistic athletes, moderately perfectionistic athletes, and highly perfectionistic athletes. Multiple regression was then used to test for class differences and moderation effects (see Hayes & Montoya, 2017). Across each characteristic, highly perfectionistic athletes reported higher engagement levels in comparison to moderately perfectionistic athletes regardless of levels of coach autonomy support. On vigour and dedication, though, class differences involving non-perfectionistic athletes were moderated by coach autonomy support. For both characteristics, non-perfectionistic athletes reported lower engagement levels than highly perfectionistic athletes when coach autonomy support was low. However, group differences on vigour and dedication between comparisons with the non-perfectionistic athletes were significantly moderated by coach autonomy support. The discussion compares the adopted 3-class model with those produced in past research and speculates as to why fostering autonomy support may have the greatest influence on engagement among athletes who are low, but not high, in perfectionism.


title: Development of an empathic, strong, resilient adolescent: the association of perceived care

contributor:
Rawana, Edward
Klein, Rupert
Stroink, Mirella

subject:
Empathy
Empathy in adolescents

abstract: The ability to experience and understand another person’s feelings (empathy), to successfully adapt amidst stress (resilience), and to harness and utilize personal skills (psychological strengths) are dynamic qualities influenced by an individual’s perception of care from others (i.e., family, friends, teachers, and significant others). However, it is unclear whether different sources of care exert the same influence in the presentation of these qualities, as they are rarely assessed in the adolescent literature. High school students (N = 236) from a rural northern community completed a series of online questionnaires. All measures included were previously validated on adolescent samples and have demonstrated to be psychometrically strong. Results from hierarchical regressions showed each source of care accounted for unique variance in the presentation of resilience and strengths, with different figures playing a larger role for the different qualities (i.e., perceived care from friends accounted for the greatest variance in empathy scores, perceived care from teachers accounted for the greatest variance in resilience scores, and perceived care from the family and teachers accounted for the greatest variance in strength scores). The findings underline the importance of considering the broader social environment when promoting healthy development in adolescents and the need for continued research to further clarify the effect of social support on social development.


title: Deep learning techniques for the radiological imaging of COVID-19

contributor:
Benlamri, Rachid
Akilan, Thangarajah
Yassine, Abdulsalam

subject:
COVID-19 diagnostic testing
Deep learning
Machine learning literature (COVID-19)
Deep learning X-ray technology

abstract:
The AI research community has recently been intensely focused on diagnosing COVID19 by applying deep learning technology to the X-ray scans taken of COVID-19 patients.
COVID-19 shares many of the same imaging characteristics as other common forms of bacterial and viral pneumonia. Differentiating COVID-19 from other common pulmonary infections, therefore, is a non-trivial task. While RT-PCR tests are the first viral tests commonly
performed on COVID-19 patients, radiological tests are often reserved for further study of
the illness in patients presenting with increased risk factors. To help offset what commonly
requires hours of tedious manual annotation, our work uses Convolutional Neural Networks
and other machine learning techniques to decrease the time radiologists spend interpreting
COVID-19 radiological scans.
Deep learning experts commonly use transfer learning to offset the small number of
images typically available in medical imaging tasks. Our first study’s architecture included
a deep neural network that was pretrained on over one hundred thousand X-ray images. We
incorporated this architecture into two models with the purpose of diagnosing COVID-19.
The experimental results demonstrate the robustness of our deep learning models, ultimately
achieving sensitivities of 95% and 96% for our three-class and two-class models respectively.
To help further clarify the diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 patients, in our second
study, we have designed a deep learning pipeline with a segmentation module and ensemble
classifier. After performing a thorough comparative analysis, we demonstrate that our best
model can successfully obtain an accuracy of 91% and a sensitivity of 92%. Following a detailed description of our deep learning pipeline, we present the strengths and shortcomings
of our approach and compare our model with other similarly constructed models. Finally,
we conclude with possible future directions for this research.


title: Qualitative analysis of the final form exams of the skill awards program from Alpine Canada

subject:
Skis and skiing Study and teaching
Skis and skiing Training

abstract:
In 1987, Alpine Canada introduced a skill development program
for skiers aged 7 to 15 years of age who were enrolled in one of
Canada's entry level racing programs. One of the objectives of
the program is to raise the skiing skill level of Canadian
youngsters. The program includes eight levels of skiing
proficiency. Progression through each of the levels is based on
the performance of a final form exam which is the culmination of
all the basic skill drills at that level. An investigation was
conducted in order to develop a theoretical model of a giant
slalom ski turn as the framework for the subsequent qualitative
analysis of the skills in the eight final form exams.
Using standardized video procedures, data was collected at
six different testing sites. Sixty-two performances were selected
for qualitative analysis in order to determine; (a) the
existence of critical features, and (b) the description of
critical features at each of the eight skill levels. The data was
subsequently processed using a variety of descriptive techniques.
The data analysis resulted in the identification of 14
features which were used to anticipate the manifestation of
critical features, five features which acted as links between the
phases of the turn, and eight critical features which were
fundamental to the efficiency of the turn. Balance constraints
appeared to take precedence over aerodynamic considerations for
the skiers at all eight skill award levels. Although the mastery
requirements of the critical features increased from Level 1 to
Level 8, individual critical features were not equally weighted
by all skiers. Variability between performances was attributed to
the different ways in which the non-mastered features were
manifested.
Future research needs to focus on the development of
deterministic models for all alpine skiing disciplines. In
addition, the importance of the development of observation plans
in order to guide and standardize both quantitative and
qualitative skill analyses was highlighted.


title: The culture of rape: examining causes and educating for a rape-free society

subject:
Factors, influences & causes of rape
Mitigating rape culture
Rape myths & culture
Rape-supportive beliefs
Sex education

abstract: This thesis explores factors, influences, and causes of rape through social constructivist and feminist lenses, and makes recommendations for improving sex education to address and challenge rape myths and rape culture in general. The ultimate aim is to promote education in order to reduce rape. I review the literature related to rape and rape culture in order to identify factors and influences contributing to rape-supportive beliefs and behaviours in society at large, including the ways in which women's lives are impacted by the constant threat of rape and how male socialization contributes to and normalizes this threat. Based on discourse and content analyses of online comments on articles related to rape and rape culture, and with reference to Ontario's most recent Health and Physical Education curriculum documents for grades 9 and 10 (Ontario Ministry of Education and Training, 1999), I make specific recommendations for how to better-educate boys and men about their roles and responsibilities in ending rape and mitigating rape culture.


title: Assessment of permeable reactive barriers for sulphate reduction at the former Steep Rock Iron Mine site, Atikokan, Ontario

subject:
Water quality
Ontario
Atikokan Region
Toxicology
Pollution
Hazardous waste site remediation

abstract: This study assessed if a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) could be used to reduce sulphate and metal concentrations in Hogarth pit lake, a sulphate-toxic (up to 2,000 mg/L) pit lake at the former Steep Rock iron mine in Atikokan, Ontario. Both batch reactor and flow through reactor experiments were performed to simulate a PRB at the bench-scale in order to assess the sulphate reducing capacity of different organic matter ... Treatment 1 contained organic matter, creek sediment (sulphate reducing bacteria source), carbonate rock (acid neutralizing agent) and glacial till (non-reactive medium). Treatments 2 and 3 were similar to treatment 1, except that treatment 2 did not include creek sediment and treatment 3 contained molasses as a nutrient.


title: Nature and structure of DNA through the process of degradation

subject:
DNA analysis
DNA (Fossil analysis)
DNA (Biodegradation)

abstract:
The identification and characterisation of DNA damage is of great importance to
molecular research and has significant implications for clinical and forensic fields. From the
moment of cell death, DNA incurs many forms of damage, chemical and physical modifications,
and fragmentation. This occurs primarily during the biological decay of a sample, but can then
stabilise depending on the depositional environment. The damage and degradation continues if
there is disruption or excavation of the sample through to the molecular analyses and storage in
the laboratory. Fluorescent labelled multiplex PCR coupled with real time PCR has been
developed to characterise secondary DNA damage incurred duirng laboratory analyses. This has
been investigated by analysis of the stability and degradation of DNA placed under different
storage conditions. Parameters, including storage buffer, storage temperature, and DNA
exposure to repeated freeze/thaw cycles, were examined and analysed using a multiplex
Augmentation analysis system. It was shown that finding the optimal storage conditions of DNA
dramatically increased the stability and longevity of molecules for PCR analyses. Assessment of
the quantity and quality of DNA from ancient or degraded samples allows for method
improvements, provides indicators for further analysis, and can provide authentication of ancient
or degraded DNA by quantity, quality and Augmentation. This assessment of DNA species in
archaelogical and forensic samples provides integral information for fast and resourceful use of
limited and low-copy number DNA samples.


title: The development of molecular probes for the in vitro and in vivo study of glucocerebrosidase

contributor:
Phenix, Chris
Campbell, Michael
Gottardo, Christine

subject:
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase)
Gaucher Disease
Fluorescent derivatives
Radioactive derivatives
Enzyme kinetics
Radiochemistry

abstract: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. Despite its prevalence, the disease is difficult to diagnose early with the vast majority of individuals already having significant neuronal death prior to therapeutic intervention. PD is characterized by the lysosome’s unusual inability to dispose of α-synuclein in areas of the brain that primarily control motor function. Recently, studies have shown that in post-mortem brain samples from suspected PD patients, there is a deficiency in the activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). GCase is a retaining β-glucosidase that hydrolyzes glucosylceramide in the lysosomes of normal cells. Interestingly, deficiency in enzyme activity was found in both early or late stages of the disease suggesting that GCase could be a biomarker of early PD. To validate GCase as a potential biomarker this thesis focuses on the development of molecular probes for the detection of GCase activity in biological systems. Recently the Phenix lab has developed a class of N-alkylated conduritol aziridines that were shown to be potent and selective irreversible inhibitors of GCase in vitro. A new synthesis pathway has been developed to synthesize these compounds more efficiently and which can be adaptable for producing fluorescent derivatives for in vitro imaging and radioactive derivatives for in vivo imaging. Two new fluorescent derivatives have been developed as well two fluorinated derivatives for future radiolabelling. The development of techniques to radiolabel these compounds is shown in this work. Future work will be done to optimize radiolabelling and test these molecular probes for imaging GCase in biologically relevant systems to validate it as a biomarker for PD.


title: Understanding the extent of polypharmacy and its impact on outcomes among persons with cancer and multimorbidity

contributor:
Koné Péfoyo, Anna
Martin, Lynn
Armstrong, Joshua

subject:
Cancer and multimorbidity
Polypharmacy
Cancer epidemiology

abstract:
Cancer often co-occurs with other chronic conditions, and despite the high
prevalence of multimorbidity (MMB) in this group, conditions are often treated individually,
resulting in multiple prescriptions. Polypharmacy commonly defined as the use of five or more
medications, is more common among people with MMB and is associated with a number of
adverse outcomes (i.e., increased health service utilization and death). The literature sufficiently
describes the occurrence and associated adverse outcomes among older adults; however, there
are limited studies on this topic in younger adults.
Objectives: The aim of this current study is to examine polypharmacy and its impact among
adults 18 years or older with cancer and other chronic diseases. Specifically, it examines the
prevalence of polypharmacy across age, sex, MMB level, and type of cancer. It also assesses the
relationship between polypharmacy, high use of health services (i.e., emergency room visits,
hospitalization) and death, while controlling for other factors.


title: Effects of sex, mood and sex-role beliefs on interpersonal responses to depressed persons

subject:
Depression, Mental Sex differences
Depressed persons Sex differences
Depressed persons Public opinion

abstract:
This study examined interpersonal reactions to depressed individuals as a function of
the sex of a depressed person, and the sex and sex-role beliefs of the respondent.
Egalitarian and traditional participants of both sexes viewed videotapes of an
interaction between a clinically depressed individual and a partner. All possible
combinations of sex pairings between the depressed individual and the partner were
used. Participants viewed the videotapes which contained a partner who was of the
same sex as them. Participants’ change in moods, interpersonal reaction and ratings
of masculinity/femininity of the depressed person were assessed. Results indicated
that exposure to depressed individuals was associated with increased negative moods
(sadness, hostility and impatience) and decreased positive moods (happiness,
friendliness and relaxation). Depressed individuals were also seen as more feminine
and less masculine than their non-depressed counterparts. Additionally, females, but
not males, rejected depressed people more than non-depressed people. Traditional
individuals rejected depressed males more than non-depressed males. Egalitarian
participants rejected depressed females more than non-depressed females. Overall, the
results support previous works that depression is seen as feminine (Hammen & Peters,
1978; Landrine, 1988; Tan & Maxton, 1993) and that it induces negative moods in
others (e.g., Boswell & Murray, 1981; Gotlib & Beatty, 1985; Hammen & Peters,
1978; Strack & Coyne, 1983; Siegal & Alloy, 1990; Tan & Maxton, 1993).
Interpersonal rejection seems to be affected jointly by the sex of the depressed person and of the respondent and the respondent’s sex-role beliefs.


title: Approach to predict nutrient status and growth response of fertilized jack pine by foliar diagnosis

subject: Jack pine

subject: Foliar diagnosis

subject: Trees Growth Ontario Thunder Bay (Ont. : District)

abstract:
A factorial experiment testing N, P and K fertilizers, and a
series of simpler, two-treatment (control and NPK) fertilizer trials
were established in a range of jack pine stands to determine the
application of a foliar analysis technique for predicting potential
growth response of stands to fertilization. The technique was based
on a foliar diagnostic system, and involved the simultaneous comparisons
of first season responses in dry weight, nutrient concentration and
nutrient content of foliage in a single graphical display. Preliminary
diagnosis revealed that N was the major growth limiting nutrient on
the majority of the sites. The technique was therefore tested with
foliar N response data, and individual stands were ranked according to potential responsiveness to fertilizer additions. It is recommended
that actual (longterm) growth responses be compared with predicted
responses to test the accuracy of the technique.


title: The consumed university: probing neoliberalism in higher educaton

subject: Influence of neoliberalism in higher education

abstract:
This study probes the influence of neoliberal ideas and ideology in Canadian higher
education. In order to examine such an influence, this study subjected the texts and
artifacts from 14 Canadian university recruitment websites to a critical discourse analysis.
Along with the website analysis, eight ethnographic interviews with current professors
were conducted to explore, in their experiences, how neoliberal ideology shapes their
work as researchers, scholars, and instructors. This study investigated the ways that
neoliberalism influences Canadian universities focusing on two specific areas. The first is
how do universities include neoliberal discourse in their recruitment websites and if they
do, in what ways? The second question is in what ways do professors, if at all, see the
effects of neoliberalism in their daily activities as educators, researchers, and members of
the university community? This study is a philosophical inquiry that deploys qualitative
methodologies to examine the ideological influence of neoliberalism on higher education
in Canada. The importance of this hybrid approach is that it will allow for a broad
discussion of the valuation of education in society. This study shows that the influence of
neoliberalism in Canadian universities is real and produces changes in the way university
education is conceived and relates to the outside world.


title: Locus of control and self-disclosure under conditions of stress and non-stress

subject:
Self-disclosure
Control (Psychology)
Stress (Psychology)

abstract:
This study examined the possibility that the apparent
adjustment of internal locus of control individuals is due to
denial and defensiveness rather than actual adjustment. One
hundred and seventeen subjects(thirty-one internals, fifty-one
internal-externals, and thirty-five externals) were identified
using Rotter's I-E Scale. The dependent measures of state
anxiety and self-disclosure were taken under each of two
experimental conditions. A pre-test(non-stress) condition
allowed for baseline levels of state anxiety and self-disclosure
to be obtained. Following a one week interval, all subjects
were exposed to a post-test(stress) condition which involved an
ego-threatening stress manipulation. The stress manipulation
consisted of GATB and PMT tasks which were impossible to
complete due to the restricted time limit given. The dependent
measures were then taken again. It was hypothesized that all
groups would show significantly less self-disclosure after the
stress manipulation but that only the internal-external and
external groups would report significant anxiety reactivity.
Results were in partial agreement with the proposed hypotheses,
in that internal male subjects did not show significant anxiety
reactivity(F(1,15)=.29,p>.50) while showing a trend towards less
disclosure (not significant). This was not true for internal
females who reported significant anxiety
reactivity(F(1,14)=9.75,p<.01) and showed a trend, though not significant, towards more disclosure. The I-E and E groups both
reported significant anxiety reactivity and showed a trend,
though not significant, towards more disclosure. Unexpected
findings were a low level of self- disclosure for female
internal subjects and a positive relationship between anxiety
and self-disclosure, such that self-disclosure increased with
increasing anxiety. Implications for future research are
outlined.


title: Lattice vibrations induced by impurities in polar crystals

subject:
Lattice dynamics
Induced polarization

abstract:
The effect of a single or a pair of polarizable
impurities on the vibrational frequencies of a solid is
investigated. It is shown that the introduction of impurities
alters the energy of the crystal due to the coupling of the
dipoles through the polarization of the impurities and perturbs
the longitudinal-optical frequencies of the crystal. Both the
perturbed frequency and the change in energy of the crystal are
calculated explicitly and the results are examined at very small
and very large separation of the impurities to demonstrate
agreement with the literature.


title: Post-natal effects of maternal cigarette smoking and family dynamics on child behaviours

subject: Passive smoking in infants Psychological aspects

subject: Pregnant women Tobacco use

subject: Passive smoking in children Psychological aspects

abstract:
This study examined the relationship between maternal smoking (smoking during
pregnancy) and child behavior problems, while considering other possible contributors to
child behavior, namely parenting stress, family stability, life stress, family income, and
parental education. In order to determine how smoking and non-smoking families may
vary, this study also investigated differences between smoking and non-smoking families
with respect to various descriptive and demographic characteristics, including
environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) throughout development Participants
included mothers with children ages four to six years who either smoked during
pregnancy, or did not
Results revealed a significant dose dependent relationship between smoking
during pregnancy (maternal smoking) along with post-natal ETS exposure, and
behavioral problems in children. No significant differentiation was found between the
families of smoking and non-smoking mothers and their parenting stress, family stability,
parental education or family income. However, results did indicate that families of
mothers who smoked during pregnancy experienced more life stressors in the past year
tiian families o f non-smoking mothers. Overall maternal smoking and non-smoking
families were similar on most of the descriptive and demographic variables with the
exception of divorce rates, which were significantly higher in smoking mother families.
Although parenting stress, family stability, parental education and family income were
found to significantly contribute to child behavioral problems, smoking and non-smoking
families were not distinguishable on these variables. Maternal smoking status, however,
emerged as a significant unique predictor of post-natal behavioral problems.


title: Toxic and precious metals removal from wastewater using freeze concentration and electrodeionization

contributor:
Gao, Wa
Chen, Aicheng

subject: Industrial wastewater

subject: Removal and recovery of metals in wastewater

subject: Electrodeionization

subject: Toxic metals in wastewater

subject: Precious metals in wastewater

abstract:
Industrial wastewater may contain metals such as chromium (VI), nickel, cobalt and palladium. These metals are toxic to aquatic organisms and also have an adverse impact on human health and environment. Due to limited availability and high demand, the value of the precious metals such as palladium has increased significantly. There has long been an interest in recovering toxic and precious metals from industrial effluents for sustainable use of resources and compensate the cost of wastewater treatment, in addition, to reduce environmental pollution. However, the low concentrations of precious metals in wastewater make recycle and recovery difficult. Some removal and recovery processes have been developed in recent years, but the costs of treatments are usually high and some processes also generate large volumes of secondary wastes. There is a need for a cost-effective treatment method for precious and toxic metal removal/recovery from wastewater.
This research was carried out to investigate the potential of freeze concentration, electrodeionization and combination of the two processes for removal and recovery of wide concentration range of chromium (VI), nickel, cobalt and palladium in synthetic wastewater.
The feedwater with metal concentrations starting from 20 mg/L was frozen at -15°C. By freezing only 80% (volume) of the feedwater, about 99% reduction of metal concentration in ice was achieved in single stage freeze concentration. The concentrated unfrozen liquid was then used as feedwater for the electrodeionization system. Multi-stage (two and three stages) freeze concentration were also used for further treatment of the unfrozen liquid with high concentrations of metals. By freezing only 80% (volume) of the feedwater and with the washing of the ice, about 99% reduction of metal content in ice and 99% volume reduction of feedwater were achieved by multi-stage freeze concentration process. Palladium concentrations of 160-fold increment of the initial feedwater concentration could be achieved using multi-stage freezing. Overall, it was found that freeze concentration is an effective method for chromium (VI), nickel, cobalt and palladium removal from synthetic wastewater.
In the electrodeionization approach, using commercially available resins, the removal efficiencies for chromium (VI), nickel, cobalt and palladium using the unfrozen liquids from freeze concentration process as feedwater were investigated. The feedwater concentrations in the range of 120 - 650 mg/L examined using 15 mA and 50 mA current. Removal efficiencies were 97% for 120 mg/L of chromium (VI), 65% for 500 mg/L of cobalt and 90% for 250 mg/L of palladium. Promising results were shown by combination of freeze concentration and electrodeionization approach for the removal and recovery of toxic and precious metals from industrial wastewater.
Results of freeze concentration and electrodeionization showed that using 80% freezing of the initial feedwater volume, very high removal efficiencies were achieved for freeze concentration process for separation of chromium (VI), nickel, cobalt and palladium while similar results were only possible in chromium (VI) and palladium using EDI. Overall, freeze concentration process was not so sensitive to changes in influent metal concentration and chemical natures of the metals as EDI.


title: On-ice acceleration as a function of the Wingate anaerobic test and a biomechanical assessment of skating technique in elite ice hockey players

subject:
Hockey Training
Skating Physiological aspects
Hockey Physiological aspects

abstract:
Success in ice hockey depends on an individual’s ability to accelerate from a standing
start or change direction and continue skating quickly and efficiently. Previous research to
determine those factors which had the greatest contribution to on-ice acceleration was limited to
two-dimensional biomechanical analyses of skating technique, without regard for the influence
of physiological measures. The purpose of the present study was therefore to predict on-ice
acceleration using peak anaerobic power from a Wingate test and kinematic variables from a
three dimensional analysis of the biomechanics of skating technique. A sub-purpose of the
present study was to examine the variability of skating technique at the elite level. The
participants in this research study were thirty-seven ice hockey players from the Florida Panthers
and Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League participating in the 1999 Prospects Camp
in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The players completed a thirty second, maximal intensity Wingate
anaerobic cycle ergometer test against a resistance of 0.095 kg-kg bodyweight-1. Peak anaerobic
power was calculated and recorded as the highest anaerobic power value (number of flywheel
revolutions) produced during any of the five-second intervals. One week following the Wingate
anaerobic test, the players performed two maximal, on-ice accelerations over a distance of
twenty meters, while being taped by two, Panasonic™ CL-350 digital cameras mounted on Peak
Performance™ pan/tilt heads. The Peak Performance™ 3D Video Analysis System and a 23-
point spatial model were used to extract the raw coordinates for the fastest of the two trials for
each player, as measured by a photoelectric timer. The system was then used to smooth the raw
data from both camera views and to combine the smoothed data to produce a three-dimensional
image. Center of mass and kinematic variables of interest were measured at push-off and
touchdown for the first five strides.


title: Foliage and wood production in 17- and 32- year old Pinus banksiana Lamb. of Northwestern Ontario

subject: Jack pine.

subject: Forests and forestry Ontario, Northwestern Mensuration

abstract:
The objectives of this study were 1) to provide information on
the above ground biomass production of young jack pine (Pinus banksiana
Lamb.) stands, and 2) to evaluate the influence of crown foliage stand
density, and age on the net current annual wood production of young jack
pine trees and stands.
Two naturally regenerated jack pine stands, 17- and 32-years old,
were selected for study near Thunder Bay, Ontario, in each stand, one
sample plot was established at each of three density levels. Each sample
plot consisted of 15 live jack pine trees. In all, 90 trees were
felled in September 1978 and analyzed to determine the above ground
distribution of biomass by foliage, cone, stem wood, stem bark, live
branch wood, live branch bark, and dead branch (wood plus bark) components.  Total current annual wood production was determined by adding the periodic annual increment of the stem for the last three years to the mean annual increment of the live branches. Stand density was determined by computing number of stems per hectare, relative spacing, and basal area.
Stem wood, stem bark, foliage and dead branch biomass increased with
density in both stands. Live branch wood, live branch bark, and cone
biomass were not affected by stand density and age. Total current
annual Wood production was closely related to the foliage dry weight
supported by individual trees; stand density and age seemed to have no
influence on this relationship. Total current annual wood production
per hectare was linearly related to foliage dry weight and stand density.
It was concluded that within the range of densities sampled, the two jack pine stands do not give any indication of being over-crowded. Results
suggest that jack pine stands, grown for maximum fibre production, should
be grown as dense as possible, at least within the range of densities
sampled.


title: The mineralogy and petrology of layered series nepheline syenite within Center II of the Coldwell Complex

contributor:
Zurevinski, Shannon
Mitchell, Roger

subject:
Coldwell Complex
Nepheline syenite

abstract:
The Coldwell Complex is situated within the Archean Schreiber-White River
metavolcanic and metasediment of the Superior Province. Spanning over 25km in diameter, it is
the largest alkaline intrusion in North America. The 1108 ± 1 Ma age of the Coldwell Complex
and its close spatial proximity supports a strong relationship to the magmatism of the
Keweenawan Midcontinent Rift. Early studies define three magmatic centers of the Coldwell
Complex, which in order of intrusion are Center I, Center II, and Center III. Center I consists of
an oldest phase gabbro, which borders a ferroaugite syenite to the east and north. Center II
includes a nepheline-bearing biotite-gabbro and several intrusions of nepheline syenite, and
Center III is composed of four syenites which in order of intrusion are: magnesiohornblende
syenite, contaminated ferroedenite syenite, ferroedenite syenite, and quartz syenite.
This study evaluated the formation of the layered series nepheline syenite in Center II of
the Coldwell Complex. Field mapping and sampling were completed along the shoreline of Neys
Provincial Park, where extensive exposures of massive, hybrid, and layered syenite; together
with xenolith-rich zones, biotite-gabbro, lamprophyre dykes and pegmatitic syenite of diverse
composition are preserved. In the layered series, perthitic K-feldspar with secondary plagioclase
forms the cumulus phase. Feldspar observed through cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging
demonstrated multiple feldspar species within single crystals. K-feldspar ranged in orthoclase
component from 87-100%, whereas plagioclase exsolution and alterations were characterized as
albite, with anorthite components ranging from 0-3%. Amphibole (classified as ferro-pargasite)
and minor apatite represent post-cumulus phases, forming interstitially to feldspar laths or in
amphibole-rich laminae at the base of individual layers. Biotite, also a post-cumulus phase, was
classified as the iron-rich end member annite. Fluorapatite is the most abundant accessory
mineral, hosting light rare earth elements (LREE), along with less abundant britholite, wöhlerite,
pyrochlore, titanite and other minor accessory minerals hosting incompatible elements.
Layers commonly display modal grading from amphibole-dominant laminae, to a mixture
of amphibole and feldspar, followed by a section of ‘normal syenite’ (dominantly feldspar with
disseminated amphibole). Hydrodynamic processes are favoured for the origin of the layered
series, specifically surge-type density currents and separation and reattachment vortex cells, are
proposed to have formed the modally graded cumulate layers. In conjunction with graded layers,
other magmatic “sedimentary” features including slumping, scour channels, flame structures,
load casts, and various stages of hybridization and deformation of mafic xenoliths produced
during hydrodynamic processes, indicate a strong convecting current operating during the
formation of these rocks. The formation of the layered series was a product of fractional
crystallization, varying deposition mechanisms, and reworking through erosion or deformational
processes.


title: Understanding adolescent pregnancy through adolescent perspectives : a critical review of the literature

subject:
Teenage pregnancy
Sexual Behavior Adolescent
Contraception Behavior

abstract:
Adolescent pregnancy remains an issue of great concern in Canada, and other
developed countries around the world. In 2005, more than 30,000 Canadian teens
became pregnant, representing almost 7% of all pregnancies (Statistics Canada, 2008),
and research tells us that a significant number of adolescent pregnancies are unintended
(Sex Information and Education Council of Canada (SIECCAN), 2004). One study
found that more than 90% of 15 to 19 year olds describe their pregnancies as unintended
(Klein, 2005). Although rates of adolescent pregnancy seem to be declining, these
numbers still fall short of what is acceptable and attainable (Spear, 2004b). Despite
efforts to increase sexuality education and accessibility to contraceptives for teen girls
living in Canada, this country still ranks 1out of 24 Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD) nations for teen fertility rates (UNICEF, 2007).
It is also important to consider that although overall rates of teenage pregnancy
appear to be declining, these declines in pregnancy and birth rates tend to be limited to
urban, economically advantaged geographic locations (Best Start, 2007). Rates among
marginalized groups remain high, and in some cases continue to climb. National trends
can mask a number of realities that exist in a country. Teen birth rates from specific subpopulations
reveal a more complex picture of adolescent pregnancy within a society (Best
Start, 2007). Recent statistics from Ontario’s Ministry of Health and Long-term Care
(MOHLTC) show higher birth rates in northern, remote areas, as compared to southern,
urban communities (Ontario Maternity Care Expert Panel, 2006). Provincial statistics
reveal a wide range of birth and pregnancy rates for teens, from a low of 9.7 live births/1000 women aged 15 to 19 years in British Columbia, to 104.4/1000 in Nunavut,
and a low of 19.3 pregnancies/1000 women aged 15 to 19 years in Prince Edward Island,
to a high of 145.6 pregnancies/1000 young women in Nunavut (Statistics Canada, 2008b).


title: Becoming a literacy teacher : from teacher preparation through the first two years of literacy teaching / by Laurie Elizabeth Leslie.

subject:
Literacy Canada.
Effective teaching Canada.
Reading (Elementary) Canada.

abstract: "Preparing teachers to teach literacy effectively is a lengthy and complex process. It begins long before students are accepted into preservice education programs and continues throughout their careers. This three-year longitudinal study investigated how elementary teachers implement literacy programs, the success/challenges they face in doing so, the strengths of their preservice preparation and inservice support and recommendations for improving preservice preparation and inservice support for literacy teaching. Year 1 participants included three literacy instructors teaching elementary language arts methods and 10 student teachers. Participants in Years 2 and 3 were literacy teachers (five in Year 2, four in Year 3) teaching grades ranging from Junior Kindergarten through Grade 6. The data indicated that preparation for teaching literacy needs to be expanded to target the more diverse range of scenarios in which novice literacy teachers find themselves versus the 'ideal, or 'assumed' scenarios, which may or may not exist. As well, the data suggested a need for Faculties of Education to support seamless learning by collaborating with school partners such that preservice in-class and in-field and in service teaching experiences are consistent. The frameworks put in place by Faculties of Education to support student teachers and associates during in-field placements, as well as the establishment and nurturing of partnerships, have potential to support seamless learning in and beyond the preservice year."--abstract.


title: Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting with a Nonlinear Energy Sink

subject:
Passive vibration absorption
Nonlinear energy sink
Energy harvesting
Energy transfer

abstract:
Energy transfer from one system to another system, or vice versa, is happening constantly in many
processes with various forms. Vibration in machines or structures can be considered as a form of
energy transfer from a source to a receiver. In general, such vibration is unwanted. Vibration
suppression is of importance in order to protect machines or structures. To monitor vibration of a
large system such as building or bridge, a network of sensors is used. Supply of power to these
sensors is challenging due to various difficulties such as accessibility or cost. Energy harvesting
using ambient vibration is motivated to make sensors autonomous. Vibration energy can be
converted into electric energy through electromagnetic transduction or piezoelectric effect. This
research proposes a method to achieve simultaneous vibration suppression and energy harvesting
in the broadband manner.
A nonlinear energy sink (NES) is a special vibration absorber that is capable of sinking or
localizing vibration energy from a primary system. Unlike a linear or nonlinear vibration absorber,
the NES’s spring is essentially nonlinear. In this research, a variant NES is developed to achieve
vibration suppression and energy harvesting in a broad frequency band. The developed apparatus
consists of a fixed-fixed composite beam acting as the NES spring and two magnets attached at
the middle of the beam acting as the NES mass. The composite beam is formed by a thin steel
beam and two piezoelectric bimorphs attached at the ends of the steel beam. The piezoelectric
bimorphs convert the NES vibration energy into electric one. The system modeling is presented.
System identification is conducted to determine the parameter values. The transient behaviours of
the system are investigated numerically and experimentally. It has shown that the developed
apparatus demonstrates the characteristics similar to those of the NES. The harmonically forced
responses of the system are examined. The approximate analytical solutions of the steady-state
responses are derived. The Matcont is used to obtain the frequency responses plots for various
cases. An experimental study has been conducted. Both the numerical solutions and experimental
results show that the developed apparatus is capable of harvesting energy while suppressing
vibration in a wide frequency band.


title: Analysis of the change in golf swing kinematics associated with learning

subject:
Golf (Study and teaching)
Kinematics

abstract:
Success in golf depends on the precise timing and coordination of a complex movement
pattern. Because of the time consuming nature of learning the golf swing, it is important
to establish a more efficient teaching and learning strategy. Virtually Perfect Golf®
(VPG) offers the student concurrent knowledge of performance combined with the
company’s representation of the correct movement. The information is relayed to the
student through the VPG glasses connected to one of three cameras situated around the
student. This research investigates the validity of the VPG learning system as a teaching
and learning tool for beginner golfers. A multiple baseline single subject design was
used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on each individual. Data for the angular
displacement of the left elbow, spine, and right and left legs, as well as the linear
displacement of the head and linear speed of the left wrist were collected at five critical
events during the golf swing to analyze the movement kinematics following VPG
interventions. The results indicated that each of the participants used the information
from the intervention differently as changes in movement kinematics were not consistent.
Participants that did not possess an already existing movement pattern gained information
about distal movements of the golf swing from viewing the VPG model. All participants
showed stability in their performance on several variables after the final intervention.
The results of this study suggest that future learning studies consider the use of single
subject designs to describe how individuals react to changes in the learning environment.
The use of kinematic measures as dependent variables provided unique information
compared to past studies that have used movement outcomes as dependent measures.


title: Mighty Girl: Empowering girls through leadership development

subject:
Girls' self-esteem
Girls’ leadership identity development
Improving well-being and self-esteem
Leadership skills development

abstract:
Many girls face a significant decline in their self-esteem during adolescence. However,
there is a connection between the skills girls can develop in order to improve their self-esteem,
and the development of a leadership identity. Those who develop a leadership identity redefine
leadership in a way that disrupts gender stereotypes and expectations, and allows them to see
their own capacity to be a leader. What is notably missing from extant research are the resources
that can be used to develop and practise leadership skills, and spaces in which girls can see
themselves as leaders.
 This portfolio provides a workshop that encourages girls to see themselves as leaders,
and aims to improve girls’ leadership skills as well as target societal barriers and stereotypes that
lead to the decline of many girls’ self-esteem. The research that served as the foundation for the
workshop focused on two research questions: How can encouraging the development of
leadership skills help girls improve their self-esteem and create a leadership identity? How
might girls’ participation in community engagement serve as an opportunity to practise their
leadership skills and, in that process, improve their self-esteem?
The portfolio encompassed three tasks; a formal literature review, conducting a survey,
and developing a leadership workshop for adolescent girls in grades 6-12. From the literature
review and survey responses, four themes emerged: Changing dominant ideas about gender,
redefining leadership, creating a leadership identity and utilizing leadership skills. These themes
were used as the structure of the workshop. Overall, the aim was to create a resource that would
help girls recognize their capacity to be a leader at a time in adolescence when many girls’ selfesteem displays a decline.


title: Maintaining food security in Elsipogtog First Nation / by Elisa A.M. Levi.

subject: Food security

subject: Elsipogtog First Nation (New Brunswick)

subject: Mi'kmaq (First Nations people) - Food security

abstract:
Food and nutrition is recognized as a key health issue in Aboriginal communities throughout Canada. The purpose of this research is to understand how a Migmag First Nation on the Atlantic coast maintains food security. Elsipogtog has a population of 2,839 residents who reside on-reserve. This Migmag First Nation was historically self-sufficient
and had a strong physical and cultural connection with food.
The researcher used a phenomenological research method that included participant observation, unstructured interviews and a focus group to learn about food security in Elsipogtog. Data collection for this research took place from February 2006 until September 2006. This research attempts to capture the mechanisms that are currently used at the individual, family, and community levels in Elsipogtog First Nation to maintain food
security. Specifically, the two main research questions are:
1. What are the individual, family and community strategies used to maintain food security?
2. What are the barriers to maintaining food security in Elsipogtog First Nation?
The major findings of this research include the need to nurture to vitality the rich cultural relationship with food that the Migmag of this community have, the need to address environmental issues, the need to share knowledge and the need to support infrastructure to enhance community food security.

[Elsipogtog First Nation Reserve is located in Northern New Brunswick and is of the Migmag (Miigmaq, Mi'kmaq, Micmac) clan of First Nations (Indians, Aboriginal peoples). Thesis incl. information on : economy, employment, traditional foods, diet, food security or insecurity and health, income, water and food, government policies, etc. Research findings include info. on : food security on the individual, family, community levels (bartering, sharing, trading, cooking, farming, gardening, harvesting, eating foods "in season", survival, food banks, gambling, school lunch program, social assistance, nutritious foods available at on-reserve convenience stores, addictions, beliefs, breastfeeding, laws and policy, church and spirituality, education about traditional foods, etc.]


title: Feasibility of utilizing wood debris for biofuels in Northwestern Ontario

subject:
Advanced biofuels
Cellulosic ethanol
Forest residues
Thermochemical conversion
Biodiesel production
Biomass in Ontario
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Acid hydrolysis

abstract: In recent years’ production of transportation biofuels generated from forest residues have grown rapidly on a global scale. Converting to advanced biofuels is enticing because they can help reduce dependence on oil; mitigate global warming; free up agricultural land and utilize waste wood. To encourage advanced biofuel production, Canada can look to Countries like Sweden that provide subsidies for advanced biofuels. In this undergraduate thesis thermochemical conversion had the lowest average cost of production for all the studies that had techno-economic in the production of cellulosic ethanol at US$0.33/L.


title: Behavioural effects of d-amphetamine in genetically selected lines of rats : prenatal exposure

subject:
Amphetamines
Rats
Animal behavior


title: Wetland restoration in China

subject:
Wetlands
Wetland restoration
Wildlife habitats (restoration)
Water pollution control
Biodiversity

abstract: China has the fourth largest area of wetland in the world. China has many types of wetland, but because of the environmental damage, many wetland areas were lost or converted to other land use such as farmland. As the biodiversity of wetland declined, many species disappeared including many rare species. Since this century, China has started to restore wetland areas. Many farmlands were returned to the wetland condition, and water pollution was controlled. Wetland plants, fishes and birds are three indicators that can justify the quality of the wetland restoration efforts. Population and species data collected from four wetlands across the country demonstrate the results of wetland restoration in China. Possible solutions for biodiversity increase in the wetlands in China are examined. After data analysis, all wetlands showed increased biodiversity after restoration. The wetland restoration of returning farmlands and residential areas to wetland seems to be successful for water pollution control will have a significant effect of increasing biodiversity.


title: Report on Expose Your Toes

subject:
Diabetics Care
Diabetic Foot therapy
Foot Care and hygiene

abstract:
This paper summarizes the activity involved in a major public health care project - the
development of the website: www.exposevourtoes.ca. The purpose of exposeyourtoes.ca is to
advise interested individuals on the safe and proper care of one’s feet.
Web pages and bookmarks are provided in the appendixes (Appendix A,B)> Pertinent
background information for this topic is included in the Rationale section. The Activity section
details development and implementation of the web site. A brief statistical analysis is provided.
Public reception/reaction to the site is discussed. A detailed literature review lends credibility to
the importance of this topic. The paper concludes with an Opinion from the writer.


title: Effects of Laccaria proxima and fibrous pulp wastes on the growth of container-grown conifers

subject:
Laccaria proxima
Containerized seedlings
Mycorrhizas
Fibrous pulp waste
Tree nurseries

abstract:
Nine conifer species, Japanese larch {Larix
kaempferi), white spruce (Picea glauca) , black spruce (P.
mariana), red spruce (P. rubens), jack pine (Pinus
banksiana), mugo pine (P. mugo), red pine (P.
resinosa),Japanese black pine (P. thunbergii) and Douglasfir
(Psevdotsuga menziesii var menziesii), were tested to
determine the effective host range of the ectomycorrhizal
fungus Laccaria proxima and the possibility of utilizing
pulp waste as potting medium for containerized seedling
production. L. proxima significantly improved the growth of
container grown jack pine, mugo pine, black spruce, red
spruce and Douglas-fir, improved the growth of Japanese
black pine and white spruce and slightly improved the growth
of red pine and Japanese larch. Rye grain spawn inoculum was
used for mycorrhizal establishment on jack pine seedlings.
Pulp waste (33% by volume) usually had negative effects on
tree seedlings except for Japanese black pine (positive) and
Douglas-fir (no significant effect). The interactions of L.
proxima and pulp waste varied with host tree species, but
were significantly positive (P < 0.01) for jack pine and
black spruce, and nearly significant for red spruce (P <
0.08) . Negative effects were found with Japanese black pine.
Up to 8% pulp waste by volume without mycorrhiza
improved the growth of jack pine seedlings over the
controls, but over 8% pulp waste hindered jack pine seedling
growth. Ten to 30% of pulp waste was effectively utilized in
jack pine seedling production in association with L.
proxima. Pulp waste with malt extract amendment was used as
a spawn medium. Pulp waste in seedling production of black
spruce, mugo pine, red spruce and Douglas-fir in association
with Ii. proxima and of Japanese black pine without is
feasible, but further research is needed to find out the
optimal percentage of pulp waste which can be utilized in
seedling production for most tree species.


title: Cutting edge controversy: The politics of animal dissection and responses to student objection

contributor:
Russell, Connie
Korteweg, Lisa
Fazio, Xavier

subject:
Dissection
Moral & ethical aspects
Study & teaching biology
Study & teaching sciences
Animal rights

abstract: This mixed methods study investigated the experiences and perspectives of former Ontario high school students and current Ontario science and biology teachers toward animal dissection, objection to dissection, and choice policies that grant students the right to opt out of dissection and use an alternative instead. Data was collected via a student questionnaire (n=311), a teacher questionnaire (n=153), and interviews with eight students and nine teachers. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses and reporting techniques were employed within a humane education and critical pedagogy framework to explore the experiences and perspectives of both groups.


title: Aspects of thought factors and their effects on performance in swimming

subject:
Swimming (Training)
Swimming (Psychological aspects)

abstract:
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of three types
of thought patterns; positive thoughts, mood words, and task-relevant
content, on swimming performance in age group swimmers.
The major dependent variable was the time it took subjects to perform
each 100 metre segment of two 400 metre constant-effort swims and
the time taken for each 100 metre repeat in a set of eight 100 metre
swims.
A single subject analysis of performance data emphasized the
importance of the use of thought factors in improving swimming performances.
All subjects (N = 6) improved in at least two of the three treatment
conditions over normal thinking in each of the two performance tasks
while three subjects improved in all treatment conditions.
Group averages indicated that task-relevant content was the most
effective variable while mood words, and positive thinking followed in
order. The effects of the treatment conditions across the group for
both performance tasks were significantly greater than one would expect
by chance alone (alpha = .05).
The results of this study supported the importance of the thought
content for improving performance outcomes in the swimming training
environmento The need for more emphasis on mental training components
in training athletes was supported.


title: Coming full circle : non-Aboriginal teachers' narratives of their engagement in urban Aboriginal education

subject:
Teaching
Ontario, Northwestern
Indians of North America
Education
Canada
Native students
Native peoples

abstract: Current Aboriginal researchers address how Eurocentrism construsts and reinforces a set of normative and oppressive "educational" values that do not recognize or include Indigenous epistemologies. A few studies are emerging that focus on Euro-Canadian teacher educators' attempts to examine their deeply rooted Eurocentrism in order to shift towards decolonizing their practices as well as assist their teacher candidates in doing the same. Little research, however, inquires into the authentic unstructured decolonization of non-Aboriginal in-service teachers.


title: Effects of resistance training on selected physiological parameters

subject: Isometric exercise Physiological aspects

subject: Free weights, hydra-fitness, plyometrics

abstract:
The literature presents contradictory statements concerning
the effectiveness of free weights, isokinetic devices and
plyometric exercises on the development of lower extremity power,
and lean body mass {Coyle, Feiring, Rotkis, Cote, Roby, Lee, &
Wilmore, 1981; Gettman, Cutler & Strathman, 1980; Pipes &
Wilmore, 1975; Promoli & Holt, 1979; Verhoshanski & Tatyan,
1983; and Scoles, 1978) . There is limited evidence in the
literature measuring the effectiveness of combining plyometrics
and various alternative resistance training devices.
The training effects of four experimental groups were
investigated; free weights (FW), Hydra-Fitness (HF), Hydra-
Fitness plus plyometrics (HFP), and free weights plus
plyometrics (FWP). Pre-training and post-training tests for the
lower extremity measured lean body mass, muscular peak power at
slow and fast speeds (60, and 180 degrees/second), powerendurance
and vertical jump power. Forty Physical Education
students were randomly assigned into four groups; free weights,
Hydra-Fitness, Hydra-Fitness plus plyometrics, and free weights
plus plyometrics. The intensity of each group was equated.
Subjects were trained three times per week for seven weeks. A 4
(groups) by 2 (tests) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last
factor (p<.05) was employed on pre and post training raw data.
Post-hoc technique (Scheffe' method) was employed when
significant interactions were found. All groups improved the lean
body mass, vertical jump, and power-endurance after training. There were no significant differences found between the four
training groups. Plyometrics in combination with free weights or
Hydra-Fitness appear to have a positive training effect on power.


title: Study of seasonal variation in mood and behaviour in Northwestern Ontario / by Richard Alarie.

subject: Seasonal affective disorder Ontario, Northwestern.

abstract:
A sample of 237 participants from the general and
Lakehead University student population were tested in
January 1992 using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment
Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, two
subscales (Demoralization and Mania) from the
Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview and the
Food/Drink Freguency Questionnaire. Climate, age and
occupation seem to have an influence on the prevalence
of seasonality in this sample. Three seasonality
groups (No-SAD, subsyndromal-SAD and SAD) were compared
in terms of mood and food intake. Evidence that the
depressive symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder are
a by-product of core seasonality dimensions (increased
appetite, fatigue and decreased energy) was found. A
subsample of individuals was tested monthly over a 12
month period to record changes in mood, behaviour and
food intake (using the same scales as in the initial
testing along with the NEO personality inventory).
Overall, these yearlong participants reported seasonal
changes in mood— feeling worse in the fall and winter.
This pattern was more pronounced among the SAD group
participants. The Food/Drink Frequency Questionnaire
did not provide clear results over the year.


title: Interference of aquatic plants associated with wild rice (Zizania palustril L.)

subject:
Wild rice
Aquatic plants
Plant competition

abstract:
The objective of this thesis was to determine the interference
potential of aquatic plants to wild rice (Zizania palustris L. )
through field and laboratory studies. Three companion papers
describe the influence of aquatic plants on growth of wild rice;
the allelopathic potential of aquatic plants and the isolation and
identification of allelochemicals from two selected plants.
The growth of wild rice in the presence cind in the absence of
different plemt species, namely Eleocbaris smallii, Scirpus acutus,
Equisetum fluviatile, Nymphaea odorata, Nupheur variegatum,
Sparganium fluctuans, ttyriophyllum verticillatum and Potamogeton
natans was studied. Number of wild rice plants and their growth
decreased in the presence of different plant species. Environmental
factors had no influence on the growth of wild rice, either in the
presence or absence of different species. It is suggested that the
adverse effects of different species on wild rice may be due to
either their early growth habit, shading the wild rice plant, or to
their allelopathic effects.
The allelopathic potential of the above mentioned plant
species was examined using lettuce and wild rice seedling
bioassays. The root length of lettuce and the total root length of
wild rice seedlings were significantly reduced by aqueous extracts
of these plant species. The lettuce seedling bioassay was more
responsive than that of wild rice. Shoot growth was less affected.
Bioassay with an aqueous extract of lake sediments associated with
these species had little inhibitory effect on growth of wild rice
seedling. The use of teurget species as a bioassay material and
further studies on phytotoxic effect of lake sediments have been
emphasized for evaluating their ecological significemce.
The phytotoxic compounds from water extracts of the rhizome
of Scirpus acutus and the shoot of Eleocbaris smallii were isolated
by ethyl acetate extraction emd identified by GC-Mass spectroscopy.
The ethyl acetate organic fraction of water extract of Scirpus
rhizomes contained lactic, succinic, fumaric, 2-hydroxy succinic,
2-phenyl lactic, m-hydroxy benzoic, p-hydroxy benzoic,
protocatechuic, dehydroêüaietic and ferulic acids; p-hydroxy benzyl
alcohol, p-hydroxy phenyl ethanol and a dye, catechin. The organic
fraction of the extract of Eleocbaris shoots contained 4-methoxy
phenol, benzofuran, benzene acetic acid, l-hydroxy-5-methyl
acetophenone and 1,3,4-dimethoxy phenyl ethanone. The growth
inhibiting properties of some of these compounds under field
conditions are discussed.


title: Job sharing in a rural satellite health clinic : a human health resource model for retention

subject:
Rural nurses Job satisfaction
Rural nurses Supply and demand
Employee retention

abstract:
Disparities in health care access and health human resources exist in rural communities. Rural
nursing practice is very challenging which leads to retention issues. Job sharing is an innovative
scheduling solution. The Healthy Work Environment Framework (RNAO, 2007) is used to
demonstrate howjob sharing within a rural delivery model, facilitates healthy and stable work
conditions that lead to job retention. It also describes the benefits that are experienced across
individual, organizational and external systems.


title: Cognitive appraisals, symptom severity, and obtained treatment during the perimenopause : a retrospective study

subject:
Perimenopause (Psychological aspects)
Menopause (Psychological aspects)
Hormone Replacement Therapy (Menopause)
Anti-depressant medication (Menopause)

abstract: Menopause is a prevalent concern for women ranging from the ages of 40 to 60, as it is often associated with significant amounts of physical and emotional distress. Previous research has shown an association between women's attitudes toward menopause and the decision to seek hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In addition, research has shown that women who suffer from many physical symptoms tend to seek HRT. However, there is a lack of research investigating how physical symptoms during menopause may affect the relationship between attitudes toward menopause and the decision to seek HRT, anti-depressant medication, or psychotherapy.


title: A longitudinal mitochondrial DNA analysis of modern human hair samples from the Anyang region of China : implications for ancient DNA research

contributor:
Hamilton, Scott
Molto, El
Lankester, Murray W.
Leung, Kam
Malek, Ladislav

subject:
Mitochondrial DNA analysis
Ancient DNA studies

abstract:
In 1998, Dr. E. Molto was selected to conduct pilot research on the Hei Heru, Shang
Dynasty site in Anyang, China. A major component of this research is the ancient DNA
analysis o f human remains recovered at Anyang. Preliminary work on these -3300 year old
remains has led to an auxiliary study that focuses upon modem DNA extracted from hairs
donated by individuals who currently live in the farming villages found within the greater
Anyang Site area. This latter study uses a ‘blind study’ approach, to analyze human hairs in
an effort to identify ancestor-descendent relationships in a controlled situation in order to
validate the methods used to examine the ancient specimens. We secured 30 hair samples
from 30 individuals who reside in three remote villages with a long history of occupation in
the area. The hair samples include a series of identified lineages representing grandmothers,
daughters and grandchildren. The analysis sought to identify individual matrilineages,
validate interpretative methods relevant to the ancient Anyang remains, to critically address
the implications of short-term mutations for longitudinal studies, and evaluate the Anyang
data set with other mtDNA studies from Asia.


title: Genetic profiling variation caused by tissue type, error, and damage

contributor:
Matheson, Carney
Malek, Ladislav
Law, David

subject:
DNA fingerprinting
Mitochondrial DNA profiling
DNA damage

abstract:
Genetic profiling variations caused by tissue type, error, and damage have been studied only minimally in the past. Even though it is well accepted that damage to the DNA molecule and PCR induced error occur, little focus has been given to their roles in generating variation within genetic profiles. Through the generation and compilation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data, autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) data, and Y-chromosome STR (Y-STR) data, the incidence of damage, error and mutation was assessed during this study. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data was analyzed among 255
replicates from 42 aDNA samples in 9 populations. Intra-individual genetic profiling
variations were observed in 28 replicates from 18 individuals, the majority of which can
be explained by damage to the DNA molecule (hydrolytic and oxidative). In 15
replicates from 1 modem individual, no Y-STR profiling variations were observed.
Conversely, ancient Y-STR data yielded multiple variations, all of which are attributable
to PCR error. In 64 replicates from 6 individuals, only 4 alleles in total were observed to
consistently amplify. The remaining loci exhibited variation among multiple replicates
from each individual. To overcome such profiling problems, 8 hemi-nested Y-STR
singleplexes were designed and optimized. For autosomal STRs, booster STR
amplification was tested for its potential use, however, the results were unreliable. The
data obtained throughout this study are consistent with previous reports pertaining to
DNA damage. In addition, this research has shown that specific damage is acting on
particular populations presumably due to their depositional environments. This research
leads into future studies concerning DNA damage detection and repair for the recovery of
low copy number DNA templates.


title: Using controlled water treatment on understory plant species to determine the effects of climate change on the boreal forest

subject:
Climate change
Boreal forest

abstract: Climate change poses a big threat to boreal forest managers. We have set out to test how different precipitation levels will affect a number of boreal understory species across the three forest types commonly found in the boreal forest and see if the literature supports our findings. Total species abundance was higher in the Broadleaved stands compared to mixedwood and conifers stands. The Broadleaf composition had significantly more total richness than the mixedwood and conifer. Vascular and nonvascular abundance also followed the similar results as those for total abundance and was higher in broadleaved stands compared to mixedwood and conifer stands. The Broadleaf composition had similar results with vascular plant richness as with the total richness. The non-vascular compositions however, were not significantly different.


title: Effects of acute exercise on heat shock protein 72 expression and delayed onset muscle soreness in skeletal muscle of young and older men

subject:
Muscle proteins Effect of exercise on
Exercise Physiological aspects

abstract:
The purpose o f this study was to investigate the effects o f acute eccentric exercise on heat shock
protein (Hsp) 72 expression, and the relationships between Hsp72 levels with age, DOMS, and
type I myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein levels in skeletal muscle o f young and older men.
Seven older (60.9 ± 0.8 years) (mean ± SE) and nine young (23.1 ± 1.1 years) healthy, moderately
active males performed five sets o f one legged eccentric exercise. The intensity o f the first four
sets were 60, 66, 72, and 84% o f the subjects’ pre-determined concentric 10-RM (repetition
maximum) with 10 repetitions in each set. The subjects exercised to fatigue at 120% o f the 10-
RM cone for the last set. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle one
week prior to the exercise from the contralateral leg, and 30 minutes, 24 hours and 72 hours after
the exercise from the exercised leg. Subjects reported DOMS (delayed-onset muscle soreness) at
the time of each muscle biopsy from a questionnaire. Muscle tissues were analysed by SDS-PAGE
and Western blotting.
There was no difference in Hsp72 levels before and after exercise, nor was there difference
in the two subject groups at any o f the time points. There was significant difference in DOMS
before and after exercise (p < 0.001 ) but no difference between the young and the older subjects.
There was no correlation between Hsp72 content and age, DOMS, or type I MHC contents.
Based on these findings, it seems that the nature and the volume o f exercise may be partly
responsible for Hsp72 expression in human skeletal muscle. More studies are needed in
examining the relationship between Hsp72 content and DOMS and type I MHC levels in human
skeletal muscle.


title: Recreation specialization, place attachment, and site attribute preferences of river paddlers in Canadian mountain national parks / by Jennifer Bond.

subject:
Canoeists - Attitudes
Canoes and canoeing
Kayakers - Attitudes
Canadian Rockies (B.C. and Alta.)

abstract:
To plan and direct use on a river that balances the ecological integrity and the quality of the recreational experience, it is necessary to know how different users relate to an area and what features of that area they consider to be important. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among recreation specialization, place attachment, and
site specific river characteristics important to river users. Interviews with paddlers, both canoeists and kayakers, were used to develop a map of use in the study area and a list of important river characteristics. From the use map, sites on each river were selected for on-site contact with paddlers. On-site contacts were then asked to a) complete a short one-page survey; and b) to participate in a more detailed mail-out survey on their level of
specialization, their degree of place attachment, and to indicate their sites/routes on a map and rank the importance of various attributes when they chose that particular location.
Results indicate that a) the level of place identity, place commitment, and place lifestyle differ with recreation specialization level; b) the importance of route specific characteristics such as route length and gradient, differ with recreation specialization level; and c) the trends between place attachment and river characteristics must be examined on a factor-by-factor basis, as should recreation specialization.

Rocky Mountains arks included : Jasper National Park (Alberta) , Banff National Park (Alta), Yoho National Park (B.C.), Kootenay National Park (British Columbia), Mount Revelstoke National Park (B.C.).


title: Development of a toxicity early warning system (TEW)

contributor:
Momot, Walter T.
Lee, Peter
Lee, Peter

subject: Environmental monitoring

subject: Rainbow trout toxicity testing

subject: Factory and trade waste (Environmental aspects)

abstract:
Biomonitoring is a practice that has over time developed into a remarkably
accurate form of detecting toxicity in the environment. The Toxicity Early Warning
system (TEW) is a Real-Time Biomonitoring system developed to monitor the toxicity of
industrial effluent to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) prior to the effluent entering
into the environment. The development of a trout behavioural-response-to-toxicity library
can eventually be used to monitor and prevent toxic industrial spills. In the TEW tests
trout were exposed to three pulp and paper effluents (KRAFT, NEWS and KRAFT Clean
Water Outfall). The TEW test is a 12hr test, consisting of an acclimation period and an
effluent exposure period which runs off of an inexpensive, conductivity bridge circuit.
Trout behavior was obtained via an oscillating signals produced by the conductivity
bridge circuit. This signal was statistically analyzed using a single factor ANOVA,
averages, and coefficient of variance. Results show that the normal ventilatory patterns of
rainbow trout averaged between a range of 0.013 8v - 0.7895v in ventilatory depth and 2-
4 breaths per second. General activity was monitored as whole body movement (fin and
body action). Trout on average were active and sporadic in their movement, averaging
2.39v during the acclimation periods. Exposure to KRAFT effluent resulted in severely
reduced body movement at all concentrations, breathing patterns declined to an almost
consistent 2.0v ventilatory depth, with a cyclical 2.0v - 3.5v ventilatory frequency.
Exposure to NEWS effluent resulted in increased body movement, decreased ventilatory
depth (0.0470v) and ventilatory rate (1.47 breaths per second). There were no significant
behavioral results exhibited when trout were exposed to KCWO.


title: Great war's defeats : "doing your bit" on Thunder Bay's home front 1914-1919 / Margaret Elizabeth Frenette.

subject: World War, 1914-1918 Ontario Fort William

subject: World War, 1914-1918 Ontario Port Arthur


title: Understanding the context of knowledge and values in natural resources decision making : a case study of Parks Canada's Recreational Activities Assessment framework

subject:
Natural resources
Government policy
Canada
National parks and reserves
Recreational use

abstract: The range of natural, societal and nature-human interactions of contemporary environmental management, especially for parks and protected areas, is seemingly infinite and is continually changing in scope and complexity. Although natural processes are a significant consideration toward environmental management, the field is wrought with social issues and value-based decisions being made. The development of a new Recreational Activities Assessment Framework (RAAF) by Parks Canada provided a unique opportunity to examine a formal planning process in the field of protected areas management with a working group comprised of a diverse group of agency, academic and non-governmental participants.


title: Potential utilization of green ash wood as a result of emerald ash borer proactive management in Thunder Bay, Ontario

subject:
Emerald ash borer
Urban green ash
Portable mill
Urban forest

abstract: The emerald ash borer (Agrillus planipennis Fairmaire) (EAB) was discovered in Thunder Bay, Ontario in June, 2016. Since that time, the city of Thunder Bay has implemented a proactive management plan of 50% treatment and 50% removal of urban green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) to hinder the spread of EAB to the surrounding region. As a result, hundreds of city managed green ash are scheduled for removal annually until target levels have been reached. Many of these trees were sent to landfill in 2017, primarily as a result of a quarantine on ash removal from city limits by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). Green ash is a high quality hardwood with many advantageous wood properties (similar to white ash (Fraxinus americana)) that can be used for a variety of applications. Some green ash trees cut down off of Court Street were donated by the city of Thunder Bay to the portable milling course at Lakehead University. These trees were milled using a WoodMizer LT40H portable bandsaw mill and data on wood recovery and quality was recorded. One green ash log was milled to produce 82.8 board feet (bf) of one-inch thick lumber (57% wood recovery), which was conservatively estimated to have a value of $293.11. Butt logs were found to contain a large amount of metal nails, which can be damaging to mill equipment and become a safety hazard. These logs can be milled but only after thorough scanning using a metal detector. Considering that one green ash log produced hundreds of dollars worth of high quality ash lumber, an economic opportunity exists for a small business, the city or an individual who is willing to help divert Thunder Bay’s green ash from landfill disposal.


title: Comparison of forest fire regimes between Heilongjiang in China and Ontario

subject:
Forest fire
Fire regime
Climate change
Human activities and fire suppression

abstract:
This research summarizes and compares the differences in forest fire regimes
in the provinces of Ontario, Canada, and Heilongjiang, China, as it relates to fire
suppression techniques, human activities, and climate change. Before 2007, the total
burned area in Heilongjiang was much larger compared than Ontario. From 2000 to
2013, the total forest fire occurrences in Ontario were greater than Heilongjiang.
Compared to Ontario, Heilongjiang experienced more forest fires >100 ha in size.
The main causes of forest fires in Heilongjiang and Ontario are human activities and
lightning, respectively. Most tree species in Heilongjiang and Ontario are fire
resistant. But forest fires are major driver of forest ecology and forest stand dynamics
in both Heilongjiang and Ontario. The Fire Weather Index system used in Ontario
can also be applied in Heilongjiang. Historically, Heilongjiang had relatively higher
Fine Fuel Moisture Code and temperature compared to Ontario. Further, the rolling
topography in Heilongjiang causes the forest fire spread easier compared to Ontario.
Climate change projections for this century suggest that forest fire regimes will
become severe. We will experience more frequent fires, and more extreme weather
events. In addition to climate change, human activities and the development of fire
suppression technology can hold the key to the changes in fire regimes.


title: Predicting pain catastrophizing and hypervigilance among endurance athletes: the interactive roles of perfectionism and sport pain ethic endorsement

contributor:
Gotwals, John
Sanzo, Paolo
Smith, Leanne
Ravanelli, Nicholas

subject:
Pain catastrophizing
Pain hypervigilance
Perfectionism (athletes)
Pain-related anxiety (athletes)


title: Theoretical and experimental investigation of solvatochromic and photochromic materials

contributor:
Rappon, Manit
Mawhinney, Robert

subject:
Photochromism
Photochromic materials
Solvatochromic materials
Betaine
Spectra
Nile red

abstract: This thesis includes a study of solvatochromic molecules in the liquid and gas phases, and a study of photochromic molecules in the solid phase. The solvatochromic molecules studied are Nile Red, Betaine 30 and its penta tert-butyl substituted analog Betaine 45, 4-DMABN and its derivatives, as well as N-phenyl-benzohydroxamic acid and its derivatives. The photochromic molecule of study was the spiropyran molecule commonly known as 6-NO₂ -BIPS, which was investigated in polymer media. Calculation of the change in electronic dipole moment from the ground to the first excited state of Nile Red was accomplished by experimental and theoretical methods. Nile Red possessed a structured absorption band with two maxima, which caused a dilemma as to which absorption maximum to pair with the emission maximum for the purpose of calculating Stokes Shift.


title: Modelling, simulation and control of nonlinear flexural-flexural-inextensional rotating beam

subject: Structural dynamics (Mathematical models)

subject: Robots (Control systems)

subject: Vibration (Control)

abstract:
A continuous rotating beam that undergoes flexure about two principal axes is modelled.
The beam is characterized by gyroscopic type nonlinearities. The beam is
of significant importance for applications such as large space structures, helicopter
rotor blades, robot manipulators and long-span structures. Hamilton’s principle is
used in deriving the Partial Differential Equations of motion (PDEs). An Ordinary
Differential Equation (ODEs) solver based on the conventional Runge-Kutta
method and a Differential Algebraic Equation (DAEs) solver based on Average Acceleration
Formulation (AAF) have both been applied to simulate the system and
the results are compared. Spectral analysis is carried out using EFT.
In the second p art of this work, vibration suppression strategy based on Internal
Resonance (IR) state is developed. By setting up different IR ratios, the
modal coupling is greatly strengthened. Establishing IR state involves tuning the
stiffness of the nonlinear beam by applying piezo-electric actuators to the system.
A conceptual controller design is also presented. After the IR state is established,
damping (velocity feedback) is introduced into the system and the vibration is thus
successfully suppressed through two IR based PD controllers.


title: Aspects of the reproductive biology of clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.

contributor:
Orr, D. E.
Freitag, Richard
Lindsay, D. R.

subject:
Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.
Plants (Reproduction)

abstract:
The rhizome of Clintonia borealis tAit.) Raf, was shown to
store large quantities of total nonstructural carbohydrates up until
fall dormancy and to draw upon these reserves during the spring growth
period, however the level of decline and rate of decline are not necessarily
the same from year to year. Older rhizome segments participate
in TNG storage, demonstrating high levels in the fall and low levels
in the spring. In addition, roots are also capable of storing TNG and
probably provide an important secondary reserve.
For a typical population in Northwestern Ontario, 3-leaved
specimens were the most important members since they provided the
greatest contribution towards the total population as well as the most
flowering individuals. Plants with high leaf numbers produced the most
rhizomes and were the ones most likely to be fertile. Population
makeup, with respect to the number of plants in each leaf number category
and the percentage of individuals in flower remains relatively constant
from year to year for populations growing in a stable environment.
Leaf number is determined in the fall by the number of preformed
leaves present in the rhizome bud. Leaves which do not reach
this level of development, i.e., primordial leaves, abort the following
spring. Similarly an inflorescence in the bud must have matured enough
to possess a well developed stipe before the onset of dormancy, otherwise
it too will abort in the spring.
Plants growing in open sites are most likely to be fertile.
This phenomenon may be related to TNC storage since plants growing in
the open are probably the most active photosynthetically and in turn
producing the most TNC. A minimum or threshold level of TNC for
inflorescence production in C. borealis is suggested.
Insect mediated cross pollination is the principal pollination
mechanism in Clintonia borealis; however, the species still
possesses a capacity for self pollination.
A distinct correlation exists between berry volume and the
number of mature seeds contained. This is interpreted as a reproductive
strategy allowing maximum seed dispersal by animal vectors since the
most attractive fruit contain the greatest number of seeds.