identifier: King, Anthony D. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/King=3AAnthony_D=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Iceberg scour risk analysis for pipelines on the Labrador Shelf.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: An iceberg risk analysis was performed for a network of 3 pipelines proposed by Petro-Canada (1983) to allow the transport of natural gas on the Makkovik Bank to a landfall at Cape Harrison on the Labrador Coast. The risk analysis originally performed indicated that scouring icebergs would make direct contact with these three pipelines an average of thirteen times per year (total for all three) if the pipelines were trenched to provide a cover depth of 2.5 m. The required burial depth to reduce failure rates to one every second year for the pipeline network was estimated to be approximately 5 m, which was not considered technically feasible. -- Since the original Petro-Canada (1983) analysis, a significant amount of work has been done on iceberg scour and the associated risk to subsea facilities. Given increasing interest in the development of offshore natural gas reserves, it was considered worthwhile to perform a review of the original work and, if warranted, perform another risk analysis. Certain elements of the original risk analysis were identified as being extremely conservative: the mean scour depth, the iceberg draft distribution, and the method used to determine the proportion of icebergs scouring over the pipelines. -- In order to perform a risk analysis for the pipeline network, a model was developed to estimate iceberg grounding rates on the seabed. The model was tested using data from the Grand Banks, where iceberg parameters are fairly-well established.  The model was verified using scour rates estimated at the Hibernia and White Rose sites from seabed surveys and was found to provide reasonable estimates of iceberg scour rates. -- Data for the Makkovik Bank was reviewed for use in the grounding model, to allow calculation of pipeline scour crossing rates and to determine the scour depth distribution. The failure rates depend on the criterion used to define pipeline failure. If direct contact between a scouring iceberg keel and a trenched pipeline was defined as failure (which was the criterion used for the Petro-Canada (1983) analysis) then the mean time between failures for the three pipelines with 2.5 m cover varied from 18 to 23 years, with a resulting mean time between failures of 7.5 years for the entire network. While the direct-contact criterion was commonly used at the time of the original analysis, modern analyses require a clearance between a scouring iceberg keel and the top of the pipeline. If a conservative criterion of 1 scour depth clearance between the scouring pipeline keel and the crown of the pipeline (i.e. 2 m cover for 1 m scour) is used to define pipeline failure, the mean time between failures for the three pipelines (2.5 m cover) varies from 3.4 to 5.3 years, with a mean time between failure events for the pipeline network of 1.4 years. A detailed analysis of pipeline response would yield more favourable results. -- Additional work is recommended to allow better definition of scour parameters and iceberg frequency. A high-quality seabed survey would likely indicate a shallower mean scour depth than was used in the analysis (0.75 m), potentially in the range currently used for pipeline risk analyses for the Grand Banks (< 0.5 m).


identifier: Weerasinghe, Priya <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Weerasinghe=3APriya=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Cellular and molecular parameters of sanguinarine induced bimodal cell death.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

type: Thesis NonPeerReviewed

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abstract: Sanguinarine is a potential anti-cancer drug belonging to the benzophenanthridine alkaloids. K562 erythroleukemia cells treated with sanguinarine at concentrations of 1.5 (ig/ml for 2 hours displayed the morphology of apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD) and at 12.5 |ig/ml, displayed the morphology of blister formation or blister cell death (BCD). This dual modality of cell death processes was coined "bimodal cell death" (BMCD). The present study is devoted to the cellular and molecular characterization of bimodal cell death. -- Sanguinarine-induced PCD in the Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) low-expressing K562 erythroleukemia cells was found to have increased expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein as well as caspase-3 activation, whereas BCD was found to have neither. cDNA expression array analysis of sanguinarine induced PCD in K562 cells failed to reveal the presence of Bax at the gene transcript level, which suggests the relevance of postradiational modification of proteins as opposed to its de novo synthesis. On the other hand, high Bcl-2 protein expressing JM1 pre-B lymphoblastic cells, when treated with sanguinarine, failed to undergo the morphology of either PCD or BCD. Western blotting analysis of JM1 cells treated with sanguinarine showed an increase in Bcl-2 protein, over and above its high endogenous levels while there was no detectable Bax expression or caspase-3 activation. Bcl-2 appeared to have played the role of being anti-PCD as well as anti-BCD in JM1 cells during sanguinarine treatment. The role of several other members ofthe Bcl-2 family: Bad, Bak, Bcl-xL? Bcl-xs, Hrk, NBK, Bik, Bid as well as the tumour suppressor protein p53 was found to be negligible. -- A comparative analysis of PCD and BCD in K562 and JM1 cells treated with sanguinarine was also done at the cellular level using the following methods: light and electron microscopy; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) end labeling; 51Cr release; trypan blue exclusion; propidium iodide exclusion and annexin-V-binding. These studies further characterized PCD and BCD at the cellular level in K562 cells, and at the same time highlighted the anti-PCD and anti-BCD roles played by Bcl-2 in sanguinarine- resistant JM1 cells. -- Immunofluorescence-flow cytometry studies of protein expression in K562 cells treated with sanguinarine showed a high percentage of Bax positive cells with low levels ofthe nuclear transcription factor NF-kB in PCD, and a high percentage of Bax negative cells with high levels of NF-kB in BCD. JM1 cells showed elevated levels of Bcl-2 in response to sanguinarine treatment. This flow cytometry study also helped confirm the findings of Western blot analysis. Thus, the interaction between Bcl-2, Bax and NF-kB might be crucial to understand sanguinarine-induced PCD and BCD. -- Sanguinarine was also found to overcome the P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux pump, widely believed to be associated with the classical multidrug resistant (MDR) phenomenon, in the vinblastin resistant CEM-VLB leukemia cells. Studies pertaining to the cellular and molecular parameters of sanguinarine induced PCD and BCD in the MDR CEM-VLB cells and in their wild type counterparts CEM-T4 (P-gp negative), showed that the bimodal cell death pattern in both cell lines was qualitatively similar. Moreover, flowcytometric studies in these cells showed an increased presence of sanguinarine in cells during BCD but not PCD. Thus, the phenomenon of BCD,  associated with elevated intracellular levels of sanguinarine, may have had a role to play in overcoming the P-gp mediated multidrug resistance. -- Understanding different cell death mechanisms of individual anti-cancer agents may lead to their effective administration, alone or in combination with other established therapies. Accordingly, we have attempted to characterize the novel form of cell death- BCD, described in literature as the "blebbing phenomenon", and propose it as a form of cell death, distinct from apoptosis.


identifier: Hood, Catherine Catania <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Hood=3ACatherine_Catania=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Incidental capture of harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, in three gillnet fisheries of the northwest Atlantic - an investigation of possible factors.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: There is increased concern for harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) susceptibility to incidental mortality in commercial fisheries throughout their range. In order to obtain information on the incidental capture of harbour porpoise in the western North Atlantic, research was conducted in three fishing regions (St. Bride's, Newfoundland during the summer of 1993, Jeffreys Ledge in the Gulf of Maine during the fall of 1993 and Grand Manan Island in the Bay of Fundy during the summers of 1994 and 1995) where incidental capture of harbour porpoise in groundfish gillnets was occurring. Data were collected on the procedures used in fishing, the environmental conditions at the time of fishing, characteristics of the porpoise caught and the views of the fishermen regarding the issue of harbour porpoise incidental capture in their nets. -- A total of 124 harbour porpoises were captured during 465 observer days when 17,363 nets were hauled. Over three seasons, significant relationships were found between harbour porpoise capture, duration of net soak time and distance of net placement from shore. The depth at which the net was set and the number of nets in a string were related to harbour porpoise bycatch over two seasons. Target species capture varied between seasons, altering the relationship of target species fish and bycatch. For one of the two seasons where mesh size varied, it showed a relationship to harbour porpoise bycatch. Of 85 animals retrieved, 50 were male and 35 female. Lengths and weights of females were greater than males. Estimated age of animals ranged from 0 to 7+ years. Of the total number, 64% of the porpoises were sexually mature, 23% were immature, and 13% were calves. -- Newfoundland porpoise primarily foraged for capelin, sand lance and herring, while Gulf of Maine/Jeffreys Ledge animals ate pearlsides, silver hake and herring; in the Grand Manan Island/Bay of Fundy region the diet was primarily Atlantic herring and silver hake. Atlantic herring occurred in 80% of the stomachs analyzed and was the longest prey fish (44-332 mm). -- Environmental data were collected over the 159 days of the study. Bycatch of the harbour porpoise was correlated with wind speed during both seasons in Grand Manan Island/Bay of Fundy, with cloud cover during the 1993 summer season in Newfoundland, and with water temperature during the 1994 Grand Manan Island/Bay of Fundy season. -- Assessment of elapsed time since death was undertaken to examine the diagnostic usefulness of the vitreous humour and core body temperature in determining postmortem interval. Twenty-four animals from Bay of Fundy bycatches were examined for core temperature and concentrations of various constituents of vitreous humour (glucose, urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus) and the data were compared with published data of rectal temperature and serum concentrations of similar elements in live harbour porpoise. Vitreous humour glucose decreased from antemortem serum values, and the level was positively correlated with core temperature. Potassium and magnesium increased from antemortem serum values. Data suggest nearly all the animals had been dead for several hours. -- Seventy-one fishermen from the Gulf of Maine/Bay of Fundy region were surveyed; most believed soak time of the net, depth of net set and target species harvest are factors related with harbour porpoise capture in gillnets.


identifier: Purchase, Craig F. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Purchase=3ACraig_F=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Inter-population differences in growth and energy allocation of northwest Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) revealed by common environment experiments.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Geographic variation in life history traits is frequently observed among fishes. Although much of this variation has been shown to be based on environmental variability, genetic differences among populations have been found Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L) occur throughout much of the north Atlantic Ocean. Factors such as growth rates vary tremendously among stocks, generally with faster growth occurring in warmer water. The relative contributions of temperature and genotype towards growth in cod however, is not known. Knowledge of this information could be useful in the management of cod stocks and in selecting populations for aquaculture. -- This thesis examined growth and energy allocation of cod from different populations, using common environment experiments. In the first experiment, larval cod from the Grand Banks (GB), and the Gulf of Maine (GOM) were reared under identical laboratory conditions to determine the effect of two temperatures on growth. Grand Banks larvae grew faster than GOM larvae at both temperatures tested. This supports the countergradient variation hypothesis, which states that higher latitude populations have greater capacities for growth rates than those at lower latitudes. -- The second and third experiments compared the effects of temperature on growth and energy allocation in juvenile cod from the GB and GOM, and juveniles from two inshore bays on the island of Newfoundland. Temperature significantly affected growth rates, food conversion efficiency, and % liver water content, but did not significantly affect condition factor, hepatosomatic index, or % muscle water content In contrast to larvae, no differences in growth rates were observed between juvenile GB-GOM cod, or between juveniles from the two inshore sites. This rejects the countergradient variation hypothesis in juvenile cod However, population differences in other traits (food conversion efficiencies, energy allocation) were found, suggesting genetic differences between the stocks.


identifier: Condon, Eileen M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Condon=3AEileen_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Impossible knowledge - extraordinary simultaneous experience narratives as vernacular forms of philosophy.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis presents the hypothesis that extraordinary simultaneous experience narratives (ESENs) constitute a category of narrative which may be argued to have existed for many centuries. Emphasis on precise or probable simultaneity between intuitive knowing and a distant crisis, such as death or illness—whether such emphasis is literal or rhetorical in any given version—is a primary, and philosophically important, characteristic of these narratives. This characteristic distinguishes them, in many cases, from stories of prophecy and premonition. Whereas precognition accounts may portray tragedies which arrive some time more clearly after the moment of their anticipation—a day, a week, or a year later, perhaps—ESENs portray correspondences which approach precise simultaneity, separated at most by mere seconds, minutes, or hours within a day—if by any time at all. While premonition stories often describe human crises envisioned before they come to pass, ESENs emphasize the wonder of synchronicity, between crises and their intuitions elsewhere.   As such, ESENs sustain a number oi fundamentally different philosophical explanations and beliefs about causality than do precognition stories. Unlike a premonition, an intuition of a distant simultaneous tragedy cannot be explained by folklorists' concept of foreknowledge or what a philosopher might regard, more skeptically, as “backward causation, for it is not the future which appears, so impossibly, to be known. Neither can the fleeting vision of a person dying at that very moment in a distant place be attributed confidently to the agency of any ghost—in time, a death has not yet occurred: the beliefs the stories inspire must conform to the stories' temporality. -- Distinguishing between such story types on the basis of temporality (along with other general thematic features) allows hybrid versions—for example, a story about an ongoing feeling of nameless fear weeks prior to an unexpected death, culminating in a extraordinary simultaneous dream or vision—to be understood and discussed more clearly in terms of philosophical arguments and folk beliefs about causality.   This kind of distinction also adds kindling to the interpretive debate surrounding all stories of extraordinary or supernatural experience, a debate in which scholars and storytellers are equally authoritative participants, on the subject of the stories' meanings and possible causes. -- While I have found only one passage in the New Testament which matches the ESEN pattern, many New Testament passages demonstrate that beliefs about the holiness of coincidence existed in early Christianity. Narratives of holy simultaneities are more plentiful in medieval collections of exempla and legend, but these texts carry on the conventions of hour notation and envisioning death and suffering as a moment, conventions which are established in the New Testament. The persistence of these narratives in increasingly secularized contexts for centuries afterward, up to and including 20th-century academic literature and informal North American oral narration, may be explained by the fact that the stories manage to sustain many different interpretations, sacred and secular—psychological and biological ones, alongside the religious and the supernatural. -- Over forty informants participated in this study, in St. John's, Newfoundland, and in Amherst, Massachusetts. Their explanations draw upon multiple belief paradigms—twin biology, genetics, divine intervention, the psychology of divided consciousness, parapsychological processes, and various understandings of coincidence. Most informants explored or at least considered explanations which proceeded from natural, supernatural, and religious premises, rather than limiting themselves to a single line of explanation. For these and other reasons, I present these stories and the speculation they inspire in informal conversation as vernacular forms of philosophy. -- Key words: Death, illness, token, twins, coincidence, narrative, philosophy, telepathy, simultaneity, synchronicity, Newfoundland


identifier: Rast, Timothy L. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rast=3ATimothy_L=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Investigating palaeo-Eskimo and Indian settlement patterns along a submerging coast at Burgeo, Newfoundland.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis is the result of two months of fieldwork done during the summer of 1997 along the submerging southwest coast of Newfoundland. In total, 39 archaeological sites were visited, tested, and recorded along the Burgeo coast from Connoire Bay to Bay de Loup. There is evidence for Maritime Archaic Indian, Groswater Palaeo-eskimo, Dorset Palaeo-eskimo, and Recent Indian occupation in the area. New surveys and private artifact collections supplemented previous research. This thesis considers the relationship of the sites with their environment and provides a new perspective on the precontact settlement patterns of the southwest coast.


identifier: Greenslade, Annette D. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Greenslade=3AAnnette_D=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Inter- and intraspecific phylogeography of North American Odocoileus Deer based on mitochondrial DNA sequences.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b sequences identified four major mtDNA genotype assemblages among populations of Odocoileus in western North America. These assemblages correspond to northwestern black-tailed deer, southwestern mule deer, northwestern mule deer, and southwestern white-tailed deer. Approximate times ofthe divergence of these assemblages, calculated on the basis of pairwise nucleotide sequence divergence estimates, were used to construct a model of Odocoileus evolution in western North America. According to this model, black-tailed deer represent the ancestral Odocoileus mtDNA lineage. Mule deer and white-tailed deer diverged more recently in palaeontologicai history. The southwestern white-tailed deer mtDNA genotype assemblage is more closely related to the mule deer mtDNA assemblages than it is to the southeastern white-tailed deer lineage. This suggests that the southwestern white-tailed deer mtDNA lineage may have been effectively replaced by mule deer mtDNA through relatively recent hybridization between the two species. -- Microgeographic analysis of deer from southern Alberta revealed a considerable degree of geographic structuring of mtDNA sequence genotypes, as did qualitative analysis of the geographic distribution of mule deer and white-tailed deer mtDNA genotypes in California and Alberta. The phylogeographic structure may be maintained by philopatry of the female (or family) social units of Odocoileus deer, despite their potentially high vagility.


identifier: Gilkinson, Kent Dennis <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gilkinson=3AKent_Dennis=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Impacts of otter trawling on infaunal bivalves living in sandy bottom habitats on the Grand Banks.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Otter trawling has been the prevalent method of ground fishing in Atlantic Canada. Despite this, little is known about associated impacts to benthic habitat and communities. This thesis examines the impacts of otter trawling on bivalves living in sand, a bottom type occurring widely over the Grand Banks. Bivalves are dominant members of sandy bottoms on continental shelves and are good indicators of physical disturbance. Two broad categories of impacts to benthos from mobile fishing gear are direct harvest and incidental damage. Bivalves have low susceptibility to capture by groundfish otter trawls; trawl capture efficiency is on the order of 10⁻⁵. In order to investigate incidental impacts, a three-year otter trawling experiment was conducted on a fine to medium sand bottom on the northeastern Grand Bank. Each year a total of 12 trawl passes were made along the centre line of two 13 km by 200 m experimental corridors. Sampling was conducted inside experimental and adjacent reference corridors with a 0.5 m² hydraulic grab. No significant effects of trawling were detected on bivalve populations in any year. Shallow burrowing species showed no significant changes in density or biomass and recruitment of juveniles ≤3 mm was apparent inside trawled corridors. The size structure of populations from trawled and reference areas were similar. Mean (± sd) percent major shell damage immediately after trawling was low, ranging from 2.8 ± 6.1% to 13.5 + 9.4%. Trawl doors are the most destructive gear component of otter trawls. A physical trawl door model was towed through an artificial sand testbed, constructed to resemble an offshore seabed. Although bivalves within the scour path were displaced, levels of damage were low (c. 5%), similar to levels of damage from the combined effects of all gear components recorded in the field experiment. The anomaly of displacement, accompanied by few instances of damage, is explained by sediment mechanics associated with scouring and size and life position of infaunal bivalves. Compared to natural sediment-mediated disturbances, otter trawling can be manipulated over a wide range of frequencies. Individual and population-level adaptive traits probably confer considerable stability to sandy bottom bivalve populations exposed to typical patterns of trawling activity on the Grand Banks.


identifier: Davis, Judith A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Davis=3AJudith_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Implications of acute care restructuring for managerial personnel.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A descriptive correlation design was used to investigate acute care managers' attitudes 4 to 5 years following extensive restructuring of the health care system in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The relationships among personal characteristics, perceived impact of health care reforms, restructuring initiatives, intervening attitudes, and behavioral intentions were also examined. The modified Conceptual Model of Behavioral Intentions (CMBI), based on the integrated causal model of nurse turnover behaviors (Price & Mueller, 1986) and consequences of psychological contract violations (Turnley & Feldman, 1998, 1999), provided the framework for this study. -- The sample was comprised of 197 acute care managers (i.e., senior to first-line) employed in three regions with differing degrees of restructuring. Respondents ranged in age from 24 to 58 years (M = 44.28, SD ± 6.87). The majority of respondents were female (64%), had 20 or more years of work experience (60.2%), were in their current position for 5 years or less (61.5%), had a baccalaureate or higher level of education (56.9%), had non-nursing professional backgrounds (55.3%), and worked in the St. John's region (75.6%). A substantial number were primarily responsible for clinical services (47.2%). Data were collected between April and June, 2000 with the Employee Attitude Survey. -- Study findings indicated that managers were generally more positive than negative about the overall impact of health care reforms. Respondents were most positive about the importance of reforms and the adequacy of safety measures, and most negative about the emotional climate of the workplace and the quality of care. Respondents believed that there was movement toward meeting the objectives of regionalization of health services and program management Respondents were divided on whether or not employers had violated psychological contracts, were more satisfied than dissatisfied with their jobs, were slightly committed to their organizations, and were uncertain about whether or not they would stay with current employers. -- Most of the reform impact and restructuring initiative variables were significantly and positively related to intervening attitudes (i.e., psychological contract violations, job satisfaction, organizational commitment) and behavioral intentions (i.e., intent to stay). As well, intervening attitudes depicted moderate to strong, positive correlations with each other and with behavioral intentions. The personal characteristics most likely to influence intervening attitudes and behavioral intentions included managerial position, current position tenure, primary area of responsibility, gender, and region of employment Study findings provided partial support for the CMBI. During regression analysis, the reform impact variables exerted the greatest influence on contract violations, with diminishing effects on each successive variable. Emotional climate emerged as the most important predictor. As well, each intervening attitude was found to be most predictive of the attitude or behavioural intention variable that immediately followed it. Specifically, psychological contract violations accounted for 39.1% of the variance in job satisfaction; job satisfaction accounted for 64.5% of the variance in commitment; and organizational commitment accounted for 36.5% of the variance in intent to stay. -- Although the current study's results support some of the findings from previous research, they have limited generalizability beyond the study sites. The results of this study suggest that future research efforts should focus on evaluating the long-term impact of health care reforms on acute care managers' work-related attitudes and behavioral intentions. There is an obvious need for more research to investigate the effects of similar and different job-related and work environment factors.


identifier: Nichols, Danielle <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Nichols=3ADanielle=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Implications of the introduction and transfer of non-indigenous marine species with particular reference to Canadian marine aquaculture.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: A relatively new and emerging field relating to the world's oceans has been the identification of risks associated with the introduction of exotic or non-indigenous species. There are numerous pathways for the introduction, either accidentally or intentionally, of non-indigenous species to marine ecosystems. These pathways include aquaculture activities, ship's ballast water, aquarium trade, and individual release. The relative importance of specific dispersal methods varies both temporally and spatially, but each plays a significant role in the introduction and dispersal of marine species throughout coastal environments. Many studies have focused on the impacts of these invasions but relatively few have analyzed the biological, physical, and socioeconomic impacts of non-indigenous species on aquaculture operations. Therefore, the objective of this report is to analyze case studies that focus on the implications, either positive or negative, of non-indigenous marine species on specific ecosystems and how they affect marine aquaculture, particularly in Canada. -- Aquaculture is a growing industry worldwide and will likely play a significant role in meeting the increasing demand for fish products in the near future. One of the biggest threats to aquaculture industries and local marine habitats is the transmission of diseases, parasites and nuisance organisms. There has also been growing concern about the use of genetically altered organisms in aquaculture operations, such as use of triploids, transgenics or any selectively bred fish and shellfish. Furthermore, exotic species can destroy the habitats of native marine populations as a result of competition, changing predator-prey dynamics, hybridization, colonization and ecological alterations. -- Within Canada there have been a number of studies directed at the impacts of non- indigenous species on aquaculture production. These studies have illustrated that aquaculture businesses in British Columbia have been more affected by accidental or intentional introductions of aquatic species than the east coast. On the Atlantic coast, relatively few species have been introduced as a result of aquaculture activity, but recent studies have illustrated that many non-indigenous species have entered the region through ship's ballast water and have affected many local aquaculture operations. -- Canada has numerous federal and provincial regulations regarding the introduction or transfer of non-indigenous species, either between provinces or internationally. These management principles are often confusing, operating through both levels of government, and fail to adequately address existing and potential introductions. In order for the country to effectively monitor and control non-indigenous species introduction, existing guidelines will need to be more transparent, flexible and incorporate sound scientific advice with aquaculture management and ballast water controls. Furthermore, Canada should develop appropriate baseline information and assessment methods, improve communication, and evaluate the procedures that have been successful in other countries and apply those measures that would be most suitable.


identifier: Lach, Paul Richard <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lach=3APaul_Richard=3A=3A.html>   (1996) Centrifuge modelling of large soil deformation due to ice scour.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Ice scouring occurs when drifting ice masses impinge upon and move through seabed sediments. It is a prevalent phenomenon over vast areas of the continental shelf regions of the Arctic Ocean and the Canadian east coast. This ice - seabed interaction represents a critical design consideration for marine pipelines associated with the production of offshore hydrocarbon reserves. Pipelines must be designed to accommodate loading transmitted by scour - induced soil deformation below the depth of ice intrusion in a safe and cost - effective manner. A rational design methodology must therefore incorporate a deterministic model which provides reliable predictions of the magnitude and extent of the soil displacements generated during a scouring event. -- This dissertation describes experimental and numerical investigations undertaken to gain a better understanding of ice scouring effects on seabed soil. The experimental programme comprised a series of nine centrifuge model tests. In each test, an idealized scouring condition was simulated in an instrumented specimen of saturated clay to permit measurements of the stress and deformation Fields developed in the soil, the contact pressures and resultant forces acting on the model ice feature, and the qualitative effects of scour on buried model pipeline segments. Test variables included the prescribed soil stress history, the attack angle and width of the model keel, and the scour depth attained for steady - state conditions. Centrifuge modelling was established as a valuable tool by which to obtain insight into the mechanics of the ice - soil interaction, and yielded quantitative data applicable to well - defined events. Soil displacement measurements exhibited variation which was dependent upon the initial state of the soil, and was also influenced by differences in applied stress paths resulting from changes to boundary conditions in individual scouring events. -- The finite element method was evaluated as a means for prediction of the soil response under idealized scouring conditions. The adopted two - dimensional numerical representation incorporated a finite strain formulation and the soil was modelled as a two - phase nonlinear elastic - plastic material. Preliminary verification of the numerical approach was provided through comparison of the analysis results with data acquired in representative centrifuge tests. Appropriate characterization of the effects of scouring required simulation of large movements associated with steady - state conditions, which imposed constraints on implementation of the analysis and discretization of the soil domain. The numerical representation provided adequate approximation of the effects of scouring for compressible soil behaviour, where an event was characterized by continuum distortion or flow, and volume change due to loss of material in the scour path was balanced primarily through compressive deformation beneath the incision.


identifier: Luchman, Hema Artee <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Luchman=3AHema_Artee=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Characterization of the expression and function of the early response 1 gene in Xenopus laevis embryonic development.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Xenopus early response gene 1 is a maternally-derived immediate-early gene whose expression is activated by FGF during mesoderm induction in Xenopus embryos. The purpose of this project was to characterize the expression and investigate the function of ER1 protein during early development in Xenopus. Analysis of the expression pattern of ER1 showed that the protein is present in the early embryo but retained in the cytoplasm until mid-blastula stages after which it is translocated to the nucleus, first in the presumptive mesoderm, then in the presumptive ectoderm, and finally in the endoderm. Overexpression of the dominant negative FGF receptor XFD completely blocks translocation of ER1 to the nucleus at mid-blastula suggesting that nuclear translocation of ER1 is dependent on events triggered by FGF signaling. Deletion analysis of stretches of acidic amino acid in the N-terminal region of ER1 showed that the protein has transactivation activity in vitro, suggesting that the protein may function as a transcription factor in vivo. Overexpression of ER1 in embryos results in embryos with posterior truncations, a phenotype similar to that of embryos overexpressing XFD. RT-PCR analysis of molecular markers expressed during early development showed that overexpression of ER1 downregulates the expression of Xbra, BMP-4, and HoxB9. These results suggest that ER1 may function as an endogenous, negative regulator of the FGF signaling pathway during Xenopus embryogenesis.


identifier: Chavan, Uttam Dnyanu <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Chavan=3AUttam_Dnyanu=3A=3A.html>   (1998) Chemical and biochemical components of Beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus L.).  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Physico-chemical properties of Beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus L.) seeds were evaluated and their proximate composition determined. Results were also compared with those of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). Beach pea seeds had a very low grain weight, density, hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity and swelling index as compared to green pea and grass pea. The contents of crude protein (% N x 6.25, 29.2%), crude fibre (12.0%), reducing sugars (0.2%), total phenolics (1.2%), ash (3.0%), and total free amino acids (0.6%) of beach pea were substantially higher than other peas examined. The contents of cysteine (1.6%), methionine (1.1 %), and tryptophan (0.3%) in beach pea proteins were low, but still higher than those in green pea and Canadian and Indian grass peas. Beach pea lipids were dominated by linoleic acid (69.1%), similar dominance of linoleic acid was observed in green pea (45.1 %) and Canadian grown grass pea (57.0%). The major macroelements of beach pea were potassium (475.8 mg/100g), phosphorus (413.2 mg/100g), magnesium (179.7 mg/100g), and calcium (144.2 mg/100g). The content of microelements, namely manganese, zinc, and iron in beach pea was 3.5, 3.0 and 9.4 mg/100g, respectively. -- Samples of beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus L.) seeds and plant parts were analyzed in order to determine their chemical composition, total and free amino acids as well as minerals. The crude protein content of beach pea plant parts varied from 10.7 to 28.0%, soluble proteins 190.2 - 709.0 mg/100g, lipid 1.3 - 6.0%, ash 2.2 - 6.8%, crude fibre 10.7 - 35.5%, soluble sugars 0.1 -12.2%, starch 0.8 - 26.5%, carbohydrate 55.8 - 81.5% and phenolic compounds 0.5 - 3.0%. The amino acid profile of seed proteins and other plant parts of beach pea showed that they were deficient in sulphur-containing amino acids. Tryptophan was another limiting amino acid in plant parts, except in leaves (1.35 g/16g N). The content of free amino acids was highest in branches and stems (3147.9 mg/100g) and lowest in pod shells (150.7 mg/100g). Beach pea plant parts were a good source of minerals such as K, P, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe and Zn. -- The biochemical composition of seeds and pod shells of beach pea was determined during growth and maturation. The content of crude and soluble protein, soluble sugars and phenolics was high in the fresh green seeds and pod shells, but these decreased rapidly during seed maturation. Meanwhile, the corresponding content of starch increased in seeds and decreased in pod shells. Glutamic acid was the predominant amino acid in seeds and aspartic acid was dominant in pod shells. Levels of arginine, alanine, and threonine were highest in fresh green seeds. Methionine and cysteine content increased during seed maturation, but declined in pod shells. Free amino acid content decreased rapidly during the latter stages of seed maturation. Potassium, calcium, sodium, phosphorus were the predominant minerals in fresh green seeds and pod shells, but iron content was highest in mature pod shells relative to that of other stages of maturation. Major changes in colour (pigment interchanges) also occurred during maturation. -- Acetone-water (7:3, v/v) mixture containing 1% concentrated HC1 served best for extraction of condensed tannins as compared with other solvents used in this study. Air classification of beach pea cotyledons and hulls concentrated protein content in cotyledons up to 35% and starch up to 37%. Meanwhile, the content of total phenolics and condensed tannins was reduced by up to 0.93 and 5.76%, respectively, in cotyledons of beach pea. -- Beach pea hulls were also extracted with 70% (v/v) acetone containing 1% concentrated HC1 in order to isolate, fractionate and partially characterize the compounds responsible for antioxidative activity of hulls. The UV absorption maxima showed that flavonoids were present in all three isolated fractions (I-III). β-Carotene-linoleate model system studies indicated that antioxidant activity of separated fractions and crude extract were in the order of fraction III > crude extract > fraction II > fraction I. Silica gel TLC plates sprayed with a solution of β-carotene and linoleic acid indicated that many of the individual compounds present were antioxidative in nature. Furthermore, separation of fraction III on a semi-preparative HPLC showed the presence of (+) catechin and (-) epicatechin as the main phenolic compounds present. -- Methanol-ammonia-water extraction system efficiently removed β-N-oxalylamino-L- alanine (BOAA) and reduced the content of non-protein nitrogen, phenolics and condensed tannins from beach pea seeds with a concomitant increase in protein content of the processed meal. -- The nitrogen solubility of beach pea seeds was lowest at pH 4.5. The content of glutelin in beach pea seeds, its cotyledons and hulls was higher than those of green and grass pea seeds. Meanwhile, the corresponding albumin and globulin were lower than those of green pea and Canadian grass pea. Albumin fraction contained the highest amount of sulphur-containing amino acids as compared to those of other protein fractions and the amount of these amino acids was higher in beach pea than those of other peas examined. Poly aery lamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) results of protein isolates as well as protein fractions showed that major storage proteins of beach pea were in the range 22 - 40 kDa and 43 - 116 kDa. -- Beach pea protein isolates prepared using sodium hydroxide had 87% protein, while those extracted with sodium hexametaphosphate had 85% protein. Functional properties, such as water binding, fat binding, foaming, foam stability, emulsion, emulsion stability and in-vitro digestibility (pepsin-trypsin; 80.6 - 82.6% and pepsin-pancreatin; 78.6 - 79.2%) of beach pea protein isolates were comparable to those of green pea and grass pea protein isolates. Starch from beach pea was isolated and its physicochemical properties compared with those of green pea and grass pea starches. The yield of beach pea starch was 12.3 % on a whole seed basis. The shape of the granules was round to elliptical, with granules 6-17 μm in diameter. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) revealed the presence of smooth surfaces with many granules occurring in clusters. The total amylose content of beach pea starch was 29%, of which 5.9% was complexed by native lipids. The X-ray diffraction pattern of beach pea starch was of the "C" type and the X-ray intensities were much weaker than in other legume starches. The starch exhibited a restricted two stage swelling pattern and moderate amylose leaching. Native granules of beach pea were hydrolyzed readily by a 2.2 N HC1 solution (49% in 20 d) and porcine pancreatic α- amylase (35% in 24 h). The gelatinization temperature range was 60-74.2 °C and the enthalpy of gelatinization was 1.6 Cal/g. The results showed that starch chain associations within the amorphous and crystalline domains of beach pea starch are much weaker than those in green pea and grass pea starches.


identifier: Fowler, Ken F. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Fowler=3AKen_F=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Community reaction to a social disaster : a Newfoundland case study.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Evidence regarding the impact of economic crises on individuals and communities suggests that there are a variety of potential deleterious effects. On an individual level, negative psychological, social, behavioural, and somatic consequences have been observed, while community-level outcomes have included such responses as detriments in political efficacy and social cohesion. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Newfoundland and Labrador groundfish moratorium on the health and social wellness of six selected communities affected by the industry collapse. The investigation had two stages. A quantitative study was initially conducted to examine trends in community demographics, cause and age-specific mortality and hospital morbidity rates, youth perceptions of the quality of school life, and rates associated with various types of crime over several years prior to, and following the fishery closure. During the second stage, a qualitative study was conducted which involved individual and group interviews with community residents from two specific communities in which differences (in terms of the outcome measures) were observed. Analyses of mortality and hospital morbidity rates, and crime statistics suggested negative community responses had occurred following the fishery closure. However, student perceptions of the quality of school life improved significantly following the moratorium suggesting that education may be perceived by community youth as the primary means of securing better futures. -- Among the selected communities, responses were variable. Two communities differing in their response to the moratorium were selected for the field visits. Using the concept of social capital and its associated themes of help and support, trust, leadership, civic engagement, etc., it was observed that the community demonstrating poorer adaptation to the moratorium (as indexed through the outcome measures in first stage) also showed negative alterations in the social and political character of their community which may have compromised its capacity to cope with the crisis, and translated into detriments in resident wellness. Among a variety of identified challenges, out migration appeared to be the greatest threat as it has translated into an assortment of negative realities.  These findings are discussed with reference to an expanded theory of social capital.


identifier: Altpeter, Mary A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Altpeter=3AMary_A=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2000) Breast cancer, cultural beliefs and rural women - racial and age differences in intentions to seek care.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This study investigated the influences of an array of socioeconomic, health care utilization, breast cancer awareness and cultural belief factors on rural women's intentions to seek breast health care if they were to detect a breast lump. The underlying conceptual schema was an ecological perspective that provided a framework for the multiple levels of predisposing, reinforcing and enabling influences on women's perceptions about breast cancer and subsequent decision-making. -- A secondary analysis of survey data was conducted from a random sample of 853 White and African women aged 18 to 99 years residing in two counties in rural eastern North Carolina. Bivariate analyses revealed that older African American women, compared to their younger and White counterparts, were the least likely to know or worry about breast cancer and its risks, or to talk to their physicians about the need for screening, or to have been screened, and more likely to subscribe to cultural beliefs that were barriers to seeking breast health care. Yet, older African American women were more predisposed to pursuing health care and physician recommendations than the other subgroups. -- A multi-stage, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that socioeconomic characteristics, breast health care utilization, breast cancer awareness, and cultural beliefs influenced intentions, but could not account for racial and age differences. Findings indicated that past screening behavior predicts future screening intention, prior use of the health care system predicts future use if a health problem is detected, breast cancer cultural beliefs that are consistent with mainstream medical knowledge reinforce the use of medical care and screening, and physician communication about breast cancer risk and religious beliefs about God's role in curing cancer are highly influential on women's intentions to watch the lump for changes and to pray. -- Findings highlight the need for public health programs that incorporate information related to women's use of the medical system and their cultural beliefs about breast cancer. Provider-oriented interventions should focus on the relevance of these beliefs for optimal health care and the importance of early detection. Study findings also justify advocacy for community partnerships that promote breast cancer screening for at-risk women.


identifier: Bhat, Krishna Moorthi <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bhat=3AKrishna_Moorthi=3A=3A.html>   (1989) Cloning and analysis of mouse chromosomal loci specifically active in embryonal carcinoma stem cells.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Chromosomal loci that are specifically active in the mouse embryonal carcinoma stem cells were cloned by using a functional selection procedure. The pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma cells were transfected with an enhancer-trap plasmid containing an enhancerless, inactive neomycin resistance gene and NEO⁺-transformant cell lines were isolated. When the cells were induced to differentiate, most of the cell lines continued to express the neomycin resistance gene, however, in some cell lines, the neomycin resistance gene because repressed. From the later group of cell lines, eight in total, the integrated transgene plus the flanking cellular DNA sequences were cloned. Three of the cloned fragments from the above eight cell lines possessed a high NEO⁺-transforming enhancer activity in the undifferentiated P19 cells. Among these three, two were inactive in differentiated P19 cells in NIH 3T3 cells, while the remaining one was active in both these differentiated cell types. Further analysis of these stem cell specific enhancers revealed that they were derived from the stem-cell specific Early Transposon-like genes. -- In order to search for the presence of genes in the above stem cell specific loci, a P19 genomic library was constructed and the preinsertion regions at the neomycin resistance gene-integration sites were cloned from these cell lines. The cloned DNA was analyzed for the presence of genes by Northern blotting analysis. Messages were detected in the Northern blots against some of the loci, however, their identity as functional genes is yet to be established. -- During the course of this investigation, I observed the presence of Early Transposon-like genes in three of the above loci. Restriction mapping of the preinsertion loci and the Southern blot analysis of the DNA from mouse testis, parent P19 cells, and the three NEO⁺ cell lines with the locus-specific probes, provided direct evidence that the transposon was inserted into these loci during the experimental time-frame and therefore was movable in the mouse genome. Analysis of the cell extracts from the three embryonal carcinoma cell lines, P19, F9, and PCC3 with a transposon-specific probe detected extrachromosomal copies of this transposon only in the P19 cells. Southern blot analysis of the DNA from mouse germ cell and various somatic cell lineages with the ends-specific transposon probes indicated that there were no apparent differences in the transposon integration sites between the germ line and the soma, suggesting that transposition of these ETn-like genes is strictly stem cell specific and ceases to occur before allocation of founder cells to the germ cell lineage and somatic lineages during mouse embryogenesis. These results demonstrate that the early transposon-like genes can act as a powerful insertion mutagen in the founder cells of the mouse embryo.


identifier: Wettasinghe, Mahinda <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wettasinghe=3AMahinda=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Characterization of natural antioxidants of meals of borage and evening primrose.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Antioxidant efficacy of borage and evening primrose meals in a cooked comminuted pork model system was investigated. Borage meal, at 2% (w/w), reduced the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hexanal and total volatiles in treated samples by 27. 30 and 19%, respectively. Formation of TBARS. hexanal and total volatiles in samples containing 2% (w/w) evening primrose meal was reduced on day-7 of the storage by 44, 73 and 63%, respectively. Since meals demonstrated antioxidant properties, their crude extracts were prepared under optimum extraction conditions which were determined by employing response surface methodology (RSM). Effects of three variables, namely the solvent content in the aqueous extraction medium (x₁, %, v/v), extraction temperature (x₂, °C) and time (x₃, min) on antioxidant efficacy (Y) of the extracts were investigated. RSM predicted that the maximum antioxidant activity of borage extract was reached when x₁,  x₂, and x₃, were 52% ethanol (v/v). 72°C and 62 min. respectively. The corresponding optimum extraction conditions for evening primrose were predicted to be 56% acetone (v/v), 71°C and 47 min. respectively. Fitted polynomial models for borage and evening primrose were significant (p ≤ 0.05) and reproducible (CV < 5%). Verification experiments carried out to determine the adequacy of the models showed that the predicted response values were well in agreement with the observed values (r < 0.95). Crude extracts prepared under optimum extraction conditions, were subjected to Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. For both types of extracts, six fractions (I-VI) were obtained and their contents of total, hydrophobic and hydrophillic phenolics determined. Borage fractions I-VI consisted of 283, 129, 140, 366, 280 and 347 mg of phenolics as sinapic acid equivalents, respectively, while evening primrose fractions I-VI contained 158, 313, 369, 402, 279 and 445 mg of phenolics as catechin equivalents, respectively. Borage fractions contained more of hydrophillic than hydrophobic phenolics whereas evening primrose fractions contained high amounts of both types of phenolics. A qualitative vanillin test was employed to determine the presence or absence of condensed tannins in borage and evening primrose fractions. Borage fractions did not contain condensed tannins as evidenced by a negative vanillin test, but fractions III-VI of evening primrose did. Ultraviolet (UV) spectra of borage fractions indicated possible presence of phenolic acids while those for evening primrose fractions suggested possible presence of procyanidins. -- Antioxidant efficacies of borage and evening primrose crude extracts and their fractions (additives) were investigated in β-carotene-linoleate, cooked comminuted pork, bulk stripped corn oil and stripped corn oil-in-water emulsion systems. In general, all additives exhibited varying antioxidant activities in all four types of model systems investigated. After a 2 h assay period, borage and evening primrose additives were able to retain 27-79% and 37-84% of initial content of β-carotene, respectively, as compared to 10% retention in the control. In cooked comminuted pork model systems, borage and in evening primrose additives inhibited the formation of TBARS, hexanal and total volatiles (on day-3 of storage) to varying degrees (19-97%) as compared to the control. On day-3 of storage. 200 ppm (as sinspic acid equivalents) of borage additives inhibited the formation of conjugated dienes, hexanal and total volatiles in bulk stripped-corn oil and its oil-in-water emulsions by 21-95% as compared to the control. Inhibition of formation of oxidation products in samples treated with 200 ppm (as catechin equivalents) of evening primrose additives, on day-3, ranged from 17 to 94% as compared to the control. -- In general, borage additives were better antioxidants in bulk stripped corn oil systems than their emulsion counterparts. Evening primrose additives performed well in almost all systems examined. These effects were attributed to the different affinities of active compounds to various phases and interfaces of the model systems. In an attempt to investigate the antioxidant mechanisms of additives, iron (II) chelating, reactive-oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of borage and evening primrose additives were also determined. Iron (II) binding capacities of borage and evening primrose additives ranged from 33 to 100%, depending upon the type and concentration of additives investigated. In general, borage and evening primrose additives exerted strong ROS scavenging properties of 100% in most cases. Borage and evening primrose additives also exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activities. An attempt was made to correlate iron (II) chelating, ROS and DPPH scavenging activities of the additives to the antioxidant activities brought about by respective additives in model systems; correlations ranged from weak (r < 0.6) to very strong (r < 0.9), depending mainly upon the nature of the model system involved, as determined by linear regression analysis. -- For the first time, major phenolic antioxidants present in the borage and evening primrose extracts were identified. Presence of rosmarinic, syringic and sinapic acids in borage extract was confirmed by chromatographic as well as UV, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data. Instrumental analysis of isolated evening primrose phenolics allowed identification of (+)catechin, (-)epicatechin and gallic acid as the major active compounds responsible for antioxidant activity of its extracts.


identifier: Gosse, Karen R. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Gosse=3AKaren_R=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Brown cod and bay stocks - science and fish harvesters' knowledge of colouration in populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Newfoundland and Labrador.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This research investigated the reliability of colouration as an indicator of inshore populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Newfoundland and Labrador, using a combination offish harvesters' knowledge of cod colouration and scientific experimentation. Thirty-two interviews with fishing experts were conducted in 23 communities throughout the west coast and Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland and the southeastern coast of Labrador to gather fish harvesters' knowledge about cod colouration and ecology. Five main colourations of cod were identified through interviews: brown, yellow-brown, red to reddish-brown, black-backed, and dark/black. Harvesters generally associated these colourations with the environment (shallow water and/or fresh water and/or presence of kelp) and/or diet (cod feeding on crustaceans and/or kelp). Thirteen areas were identified where brown cod were believed to overwinter and remain year-round. -- Brown to reddish-golden-brown cod and countershaded cod (cod that are black on back, white underneath with silvery grey sides) were captured within the bay and on the headlands of Gilbert Bay, Labrador. To determine the stability of colouration, these cod were held in net pens from August to October 2001 and fed a piscivorous diet of capelin and herring. Initial and final colouration of each individual fish were compared using a colouration scale. Results of the pen-holding experiment demonstrated that cod will lose their brown colouration within 2.5 months when fed a diet of fish. The absence of carotenoids in the diet of cod held in net pens was concluded to be the main factor contributing to this loss of brown pigmentation. -- I conclude that colouration cannot be used in isolation to identify inshore stocks of cod. However, colouration acts as a time-dependant dietary index and can be used to deduce recent feeding histories of individuals or groups offish. Thus, colouration acts as a general indicator of inshore groups of cod and probable locations for resident coastal cod stocks. Fish harvesters' observations provide a valuable base line of information on which to plan further scientific studies.


identifier: Ahmad, Syed Faiz <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Ahmad=3ASyed_Faiz=3A=3A.html>   (1980) Brillouin scattering in single crystals of fcc and hcp argon alloys.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The fcc arid hcp adiabatic elastic constants of the alloys of Ar containing 0₂ and N₂ as impurity have been determined to an accuracy of better than 2% by the high resolution Brillouin scattering technique. Large single crystals of Ar-0₂ and Ar-N₂ were grown in a cylindrical quartz tube of 3 mm internal diameter situated in a liquid helium cryostat. The quality of the crystal, whether It was hcp or fcc, and its orientation with respect to the lab co-ordinates were determined by analyzing X-ray Laue transmission photographs. The light of 5145 Å from an Ar⁺ laser was incident along the cylindrical axis of the sample cell, and scattered light at 90⁰ was analyzed by a piezoelectrically scanned triple-passed Fabry-Perot Interferometer. The spectrum was recorded by a photon counting apparatus consisting of a photomultiplier tube, an amplifier/discriminator and a commercial data acquisition and stabilization system (Burleigh, DAS-1). -- It was found that the fcc phase of Ar accepts up to about 4% of 0₂ and remains stable, contrary to the published phase diagrams. Hcp single crystals could only be grown with about 6½% 0₂ in the solid; above 7½% dendritic growth was observed. To within the experimental error, the fcc elastic constants do not vary with a change in the concentration of 0₂ up to about 4%. The fcc elastic constants of Ar-2% 0₂ were determined at 83.0 ± 0.3 K to be (units: 10⁹ Nm⁻2): c₁₁ = 2.40 ± 0.03 , c₁₂ = 1.59 ± 0.02 , c₄₄ = 1.11 ± 0.02 . For fcc Ar-4% 0₂, the elastic constants at 82.2 ± 0.3 K were: c₁₁ = 2.39 ± 0.03 , c₁₂ = 1.59 ± 0.02 , c₄₄ = 1.09 ± 0.02 . The fcc elastic constants of Ar-5% N₂ at 77.8 ± 0.3 K were: c₁₁ = 2.43 ± 0.05 , c₁₂ = 1.61 ± 0.04 , c₄₄ = 1.07 ± 0.03 . The decreasing tendency in c₄₄ may well reflect mode softening. -- The hcp elastic constants of Ar-6½% 0₂ crystals at 81.3 ± 0.3 K were determined to be: c₁₁ = 2.90 ± 0.04 , c₁₂ = 1.50 ± 0.03 , c₁₃ = 1.18 ± 0.02, c₃₃ = 3.24 ± 0.05 , c₄₄ = 0.65(6) ± 0.011 . -- A comparison of the pure Ar fcc elastic constants (transformed to trigonal orientation and converted to hcp values by taking internal strains into account) and hcp Ar-6½% 0₂ elastic constants revealed that the two sets of values are equal within the experimental error except for c₁₃ which is greater in the latter case by about 8%. An attempt has been made to explain this significant change. It is, however, still not well understood as to whether this change in c₁₃ is a structure or an impurity effect. Nevertheless, it is clear that future theoretical calculations should concentrate on c₁₃ and should include anisotropies in the potentials.


identifier: Toro, Jorge Eduardo <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Toro=3AJorge_Eduardo=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Life history and genetic variation in Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. trossulus (Gould, 1850) in a hybrid zone on the east coast of Newfoundland.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Two mussel species (Mytilus edulis L. and Mytilus trossulus Gould) were found sympatrically in two locations (Bellevue and Chance Cove) in eastern Newfoundland. There was genetic evidence for naturally occurring hybrids between M. edulis and M. trossulus. Mussels were classified as pure forms or hybrids (FI, F2 and from backcrosses) based on four diagnostic markers, two allozyme loci (Mpi and Est-D) and two nuclear PCR-based DNA markers (ITS and Glu-5). In addition, a PCR-based mtDNA marker (COW) was used to characterize the distribution of mtDNA mitotypes among pure and hybrid individuals. All females and males from pure species were found to be homoplasmic and heteroplasmic, respectively, for the mtDNA genomic combination. Two individuals showed heterospecific combination of the F edulis genome and the M. trossulus genome (both classified as FI hybrids using four nuclear diagnostic markers). There were differences in the proportions of pure M. edulis and M. trossulus and hybrids between sites within each location. M. edulis and hybrids were associated with protected sites, M. trossulus with exposed sites. Life history variation between species was also found, whereby M. trossulus was the predominant form among small individuals (larvae, spat and juveniles) and M. edulis among the large individuals, suggesting a strong viability selection against pure M. trossulus and its hybrid backcrosses. The overall low frequency of hybrids at the adult stage (7.28 %) and the results of artificial hybridization in the laboratory, which showed an increased proportion of abnormal larvae among interspecific crosses, indicate strong selection against hybrids, and clearly showed them to be at selective disadvantage, supporting the tension-zone model for the early stages of the mussel life-history. M. trossulus and hybrids spawned over a prolonged period of time (from late spring to early autumn), while most M. edulis individuals spawned simultaneously in late July. Hybrid mussels exhibited spawning activity intermediate between that of the parental species. M. trossulus showed a higher reproductive output than M. edulis of similar shell length, while hybrids showed intermediate fecundity values between M. edulis and M. trossulus. Post-spawning mortality in M. trossulus seems to be associated with reproductive stress, but further studies should be carried out to establish the cause of the summer mortality which affects mainly M. trossulus.


identifier: Fry, William Mark <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Fry=3AWilliam_Mark=3A=3A.html>   (2001) K+ channels in Xenopus skeletal muscle.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: K+ channels in Xenopus skeletal muscle

abstract: The spatial distribution and identity of K+ channels in embryonic Xenopus myocytes were investigated. Macropatch current recordings were used to determine the spatial distribution of inactivating (IIK) and noninactivating (IK) outward K+ currents as well as Na+ currents (INa) in nerve contacted Xenopus muscle cells grown in culture. Membrane patches either contained no delectable current or INa, and/or IIK or IK. More than 85% of the membrane patches which contained INa occurred within 40 μm of the nerve contact. In addition, more than 90% of the membrane patches which contained INa also contained IIK. Sites of acetylcholine receptor localization al nerve-muscle contacts, identified by labeling with tetramethylrhodamine labeled α-bungarotoxin, were also found to contain both INa (4/5 cells) and IIK (5/5 cells). These results suggest that in Xenopus muscle cells in culture the channels mediating IIK along with sodium charnels are clustered at sites of synaptic specialization. To identify K+ channels that underlie the observed K+ currents in Xenopus muscle, a combination of RT-PCR, 5' RACE and 3' RACE was employed. Three K+ channel cDNAs, designated XKv1.2', XKv1.4 and XKv1.10, were isolated. XKv1.2' and XKv1.4 cDNAs are Xenopus orthologues of known mammalian K+ channels,. however XKv1.10 is a novel Kv1 isoform. XKv1.4 mRNA appeared at stage 10.5 in whole embryos and was prominent in muscle throughout development from stage 14 to adult. XKv1.2' mRNA was detected by stage 11.5 in whole embryos, but remained at low levels in embryonic skeletal muscle (stages 14 and 21) and was absent from adult muscle. XKv1.10 mRNA was first detected at stage 21 in whole embryos, and was present in muscle from this stage onwards. All three transcripts were present in spinal cord at stage 21. When transiently transfected into HEK 293 cells, XKv1.2' produced a noninactivating K+ current similar to IK, while XKv1.4 and XKv1.10 produced an inactivating current similar to IIK. The results support the notion that the channel encoded by XKv1.2' may contribute to IK and channels encoded by  Kv1.4 and XKv1.10 may contribute to IIK observed in embryonic muscle cells in culture. These K+ channels may be important in the development of skeletal muscle and the neuromuscular synapse.


identifier: Rajakaruna, Rupika Subashini <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Rajakaruna=3ARupika_Subashini=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Kin discrimination in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) - recognition cues and function.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The ability to recognize relatives permits individuals to discriminate their kin, thereby enhancing their inclusive fitness. Many animal species, including salmonids, have the ability to recognize and discriminate kin from unrelated conspecifics. I conducted a series of experiments to examine the effect of recognition cues of genetic and environmental origin in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and how kin association influences the growth of these species. In the first study (Chapter 2) I investigated the effect of diet as an environmental cue on the kin discrimination ability and found that kin discrimination in both Atlantic salmon and brook trout is influenced by dietary cues. Test fish could not discriminate kin and non-kin when the kin group was fed with a different diet and the non-kin group was fed with a similar diet. As second study, Chapter 3 dealt with a technique of isolation and characterization of MHC class II Bl locus and a brief survey of polymorphism of this locus in Atlantic salmon and brook trout collected from four different areas in Newfoundland. A high level of polymorphism both at the allelic level and in the amino acids is maintained at the MHC class II Bl locus in the two species. Using this technique I determined the genotype of kin and non-kin groups of both species and studied the influence of MHC class II Bl locus on their kin discrimination (Chapter 4). I found that MHC class II Bl locus significantly influence kin discrimination in juvenile Atlantic salmon and brook trout. The preference for individuals sharing alleles demonstrated that discrimination is taking place matching at the MHC locus. Data from the same study provided evidence for matching of the overall phenotypic similarity during discrimination. Moreover, test fish could not discriminate kin and non-kin when the kin group did not share any alleles and the non-kin group shared both alleles at the MHC locus. In the fourth study (Chapter 5) I examined the interaction of the genetic and environmental cues used in kin discrimination in juvenile Atlantic salmon. Both environmental and genetic cues were found to be equally important and the relevance of each cue is context dependent. The last experimental chapter (Chapter 6) examined the effect of kinship on growth and demonstrated that higher and less variable growth occurred in individuals reared with kin compared to individuals reared with non-kin. -- Taken together these data suggest that both genetic and environmental cues are important in kin discrimination the interaction of these cues is crucial for many cases of kin discrimination. Moreover, being cooperative and less aggressive towards kin result in direct and indirect fitness benefits to the individual.


identifier: Song, Shaowen <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Song=3AShaowen=3A=3A.html>   (1993) Computer simulation of ship waves.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

title: Computer simulation of ship waves

abstract: In the present study a nonlinear boundary value problem for ship waves is obtained by transforming, through a Taylor's scries expansion, the free surface condition of the exact ship wave problem from being satisfied on the actual free surface to being satisfied on the undisturbed fluid free surface. An iterative method based on the direct boundary integral theory and linear clement techniques is developed to solve the transformed nonlinear boundary value problem. A numerical towing tank is developed using the iterative method. A visualization and animation system is also implemented in the numerical towing tank to produce the visual simulation effect. -- In order to compare the present method with the existing ones and to study the linear models found in literature, a new linearized ship wave problem, as a special case of the present nonlinear ship wave problem, is also derived and solved in this investigation. Algorithms based on both the direct and the indirect boundary integral theories are developed to solve the present linearized ship wave problem. -- The theoretical developments in the present study are mainly: the transformation of the free surface condition, the derivation of a new linearized ship wave problem, and the development of an iterative scheme for solving nonlinear boundary value problems. Beside these theoretical achievements, the development in numerical techniques and software design is also an important part of the present study, which includes the development of the algorithm for applying the direct boundary integral theory, the development of the linear element techniques, and the implementation of a visualization and animation system.


identifier: Bell, Kim Nigel Ian <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Bell=3AKim_Nigel_Ian=3A=3A.html>   (1994) Life cycle, early life history, fisheries and recruitment dynamics of diadromous gobies of Dominica, W.I., emphasising Sicydium punctatum Perugia.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Fisheries for diadromous gobies occur widely in the coastal inter-tropics. Yields are rarely documented in detail, but there are many reports of and allusions to declines, which have not been satisfactorily explained. Basic life-history information has been at best sketchily known, or not at all, such that various sicydiine gobies have been incorrectly described as catadromous on the basis of assumptions alone. Sicydium punctatum Perugia is shown to be diadromous, spawning in rivers and spending 50 to 150 days at sea before migrating to fresh waters. -- Larval behaviour is described and experiments show that larvae have the ability to select particular salinity layers in stratified systems. Implications for early life history transport, survival and vulnerability to terrigenous toxins are discussed. -- Larval fish occurring in the rheoplankton are shown to be separable into five types, using pigment and other characteristics. The five types numerically correspond to the number of goby species known in Dominica, and one type is verified as S. punctatum through several captive spawning and collected nests. Separation into types permitted an analysis of mortality in rivers, using stream drift data in a manner not previously applied. The theory of this manner of estimation is discussed, and field results for S. punctatum are compared with two types of analysis of mortality in captivo. Field data are also considered for several other taxa to demonstrate the method. The mortality rates found for S. punctatum are unprecedentedly high, but the agreement among multiple samples and with the captive observations suggests that stream mortalities may be extreme, and that larvae nearest the coast have a significant advantage. Coastal habitat is therefore the most important in sustaining the fishery. Implications and questions arise for the reproductive ecology, competition and upstream migration of Sicydium  spp. -- While age-at-recruitment (AAR) has thus far been treated as a constant (each species) plus error, the duration of the postlarval period of S. punctatum is shown on the basis of otolith analyses to vary systematically with time of year. There is contrary variation in size-at-recruitment, indicating strong seasonal variation in growth rate. The variation in age-at-recruitment suggests population dynamics not previously acknowledged in either fact or theory, and these are discussed in principle and the dynamics modeled by numerical simulation. The unavoidable conclusion is that, even where reproduction and daily risk of mortality remain constant in all seasons, observed levels of variation in AAR are sufficient to induce large variations in yield. The characteristics of the simulated yield patterns closely match the actual yield data. The amplitude of variation generated depends on level of (constant in each simulation) mortality. The same principle applies not only where changes are seasonal, but to any temporal trends, and may have implications in other systems. Further variation in reproduction or mortality could increase or decrease these amplitudes, but since the variation in AAR generates variations over 10- to 30-fold at plausible field mortality rates, large variations in any other factor would be required to mask these effects.


identifier: MacLean, Brian <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/MacLean=3ABrian=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Conjugated metallopolymers containing 2,2'-bithiazole.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Ruthenium and osmium conjugated metallopolymers containing a bithiophene-co-bithiazole backbone have been synthesized and their electrochemistry investigated. This relatively new class of materials has demonstrated enhanced rates of charge transport relative to redox metallopolymers in which a saturated organic network connects pendant metal complexes. Applications requiring fast electrochemistry, such as molecular switching and electrocatalysis, clearly can benefit from this enhancement. -- Electropolymerization from boron trifluoride dethyletherate (BF₃ OEt₂) permitted facile deposition of polymer films for electrochemical experiments. Impedance spectroscopy has been used to investigate electron transport rates in these metallopolymers. DcCM² was found to be over 20 times greater in poly-[Ru(5,5'-bis(2-thienyl)-2,2’-bithiazole)(bpy)₂³⁺/²⁺] than in poly-[Ru((6,6'-bibenzimidazole-2,2’-diyl)-2,5-pyridine)(bpy)₂³⁺/²⁺] as a result of better energy matching of the ruthenium t₂g orbital with the HOMO band in the poly[5,5'-bis(2-thienyl)-2,2'-bithiazole] backbone. A hole-type mechanism of superexchange is proposed for this system.


identifier: Wren, L. Sarah <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Wren=3AL=2E_Sarah=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Continental and regional distribution and abundance patterns of boreal cardueline finches - influences of conifer seed availability.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: The mature boreal forest provides essential resources for conifer seed-eating cardueline finches. These resources are important on regional and stand level scales, and on landscape or continental scales, as cardueline finches move nomadically or irruptively in search of conifer seeds. Regional and temporal changes in conifer seed availability and cardueline finch abundance were examined with seed trap sampling and point counts in three mature conifer forests on insular Newfoundland. Seed rain phenology and finch abundance over time varied among the forests. On a landscape scale, analyses of continent-wide distributions of seed-eating finches using Christmas Bird Counts from 1970 - 1997 illustrated inter-annual fluctuations in abundance of six species of cardueline finches. These data encompass key boreal habitat in Canada that had been omitted from previous map-based studies of finch irruptions. The pattern of fluctuating continental abundance was close to biennial in some species like the common redpoll [Canluelis tlammea). There was a significant effect of boreal cone crop magnitude on annual boreal finch abundance. Abundances of boreal finches were also examined from CBC counts in varied boreal forest habitats in Newfoundland. On such a regional scale. CBC counts are a useful tool for the analysis of population trends between and within habitats, as illustrated by the CBC data that indicate a recent and precipitous decline of the Newfoundland red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra percna. Understanding the relationship between boreal finches and conifer resources on small and large scales is essential for gaining insight into how recent landscape-level changes affect such highly specialized feeders.


identifier: Shen, Ying <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Shen=3AYing=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Compiling a synchronous programming language into field programmable gate arrays.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis shows how to compile a program expressed by a novel hardware description language, the State Machine Algol-Like Language (SMALL), into Field- Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). A netlist generator for the SMALL language is created to transform a parallel Algorithmic State Machine (ASM) chart into a structural VHDL description. The one-hot encoding technique is used for the transformations. The structural VHDL description for the netlist is simulated and synthesised by Synopsys VSS (VHDL System Simulator) and Synopsys FPGA Compiler, respectively. The netlist is very simple and the components of the netlist consist of only D-type flip-flops and basic gates. The Design Manager of the Xilinx Alliance Series version 1.4 is used to produce configuration data for Xilinx FPGA chips. The Xilinx XC4000 family is employed as the target FPGA device. -- The simulation results for several SMALL programs indicate that the netlist generator performs the specified requirements for all the statements and all the operators in the SMALL language. -- Using the netlist generator and existing place-and-route tools makes the implementation of SMALL programs on FPGAs easy. This research offers a significant advance on the original SMALL implementation. Due to its simplicity and simple semantics, it is believed that the SMALL language will be widely used in many areas in the future.


identifier: Maloney, Tina M. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Maloney=3ATina_M=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1999) Crowding out the girls : issues of gender access in the use of computers.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This ethnography investigated access to computers in one Grade 2 French immersion classroom based on gender. The action researcher employed student interviews and observation to describe computer access and attitudes of nineteen participants. Parent questionnaires investigated student access to home computers and parental involvement and attitudes towards computer education. Analysis of provincial, school district and school documents investigated the systemic response to the issue of gender equity in computer education. The results of the study indicate that gender is not recognized by parents and the majority of students as an issue in computer use in this classroom, and gender is not addressed at the school, school board or department administrative levels. However gender appears to affect computer access and use at home and at school in the behaviours and attitudes of students. In this classroom, interventions to ensure equal access to the computer are required. The small number of participants limits the generalizability of these findings. Further research in this area is required, and policy drafting, piloting and implementation at each administrative level is essential if the integration of computers is to benefit all students of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.


identifier: Lim, Meng Chee <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Lim=3AMeng_Chee=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Coronary risk factor modification after coronary artery bypass surgery.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This is a retrospective cohort study that examined whether major coronary risk factors change when compared preoperatively and 3 years postoperatively after coronary artery bypass surgery. Preoperative coronary risk factor data were obtained from a retrospective chart review. Three years postoperative risk factor data were obtained by hospital attendance with blood sampling, blood pressure measurements, weight and height measurements, and answering standard questionnaires. Results revealed a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL, a significant increase in blood pressure and body mass index, and a clinically significant change in smoking habits 3 years post surgery. Slightly more than half of the subjects reported an increase in exercise levels even though only one fifth of them attended cardiac rehabilitation program post surgery. Most subjects reported strong social support in helping them to modify their coronary risk factors. Implications for the current strategies in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease were examined.


identifier: Li, Jiang <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Li=3AJiang=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Cyclophanes, transannular inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions and a formal total synthesis of (±)-strychnine.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract:
Chapter 1 overviews the relationship between cyclophanes and natural product synthesis. The ultimate objective of the present study is to seek a potential employment of cyclophane intermediates en route to complex natural product skeleta.

Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of 2,11-dithia[3.3]metacyclophanes bearing sulfur-containing groups at the 6 and 15 positions.

Chapter 3 details the synthesis of some (1,3)indolophanes and the analysis of their conformational behavior. Further study of the hydroboration/Suzuki-Miyaura strategy, as an expedient entry into [3.3]cyclophanes, is also reported.

Chapter 4 presents a synthesis of an indolopyridazinophane, relying on the hydroboration/Suzuki-Miyaura strategy. The subsequent transannular inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction of the resulting cyclophane has established efficient access to a highly compact pentacyclic indoloid skeleton.

Chapter 5 demonstrates a formal total synthesis of (±)-strychnine, one of the most complex natural products for its size, by preparing Rawal's key pentacyclic intermediate via the cyclophane approach.


identifier: Walsh, Carolyn J. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Walsh=3ACarolyn_J=2E=3A=3A.html>   (2001) Copulation behaviour, paternity and genetic relatedness in common murres (Uria aalge).  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In order to examine the relationship between extra-pair copulation (EPC) behaviour and extra-pair paternity (EPP) in Common Murres (Uria aalge). this study combined four breeding seasons of field observations on the copulation behaviour of a marked subpopulation of murres with genetic analyses of EPP in chicks. The genetic relatedness of individuals between and within two Newfoundland seabird colonies was also examined in order to determine I) if genetic relatedness among individuals within a ledge affected their EPC behaviour, and 2) the degree of micro- and macro-geographic population differentiation in these murres. -- Behavioural observations indicated that few extra-pair copulations (EPCs) attempted by males were accepted by females. Contrary to previous studies. I found no evidence that male murres could force cloacal contact with females that resisted EPCs. A disproportionate number of females that accepted EPCs were in unstable pair bonds that were terminated during the study (i.e.. the pairs divorced). Divorced female's acceptance of EPCs occurred both prior to and after divorce in most cases, suggesting that some EPCs were used by these females as a means of mate sampling. Male EPC behaviour was unrelated to pair bond stability. -- Paternity analyses were conducted using four microsatellite loci on 30 families sampled from 1996-1999. Only three cases of EPP were detected, all in 1998. indicating an overall EPP rate of approximately 10%. Two cases of EPP involved pairs which divorced in the year following the production of an extra-pair chick. In contrast to most female murres who accepted pair copulations (PCs) following EPCs. the two females with an EP chick that were observed during pre-laying refused all PC attempts by their mates. This suggests that females may modify their acceptance of PCs in order to ensure that EPCs result in extra-pair fertilization (EPF). Overall, both copulation behaviour and paternity outcome was largely controlled by females. The clustering of all EPP cases in one year may indicate significant among-year variation in EPP rates for long-lived species such as Common Murres. -- Relatedness analyses indicated that two ledges contained murres that were related at the approximate level of first cousins, but other ledges/areas showed low average relatedness coefficients. The genetic markers used were able to differentiate known first- degree relatives and unrelated dyads on average, although there was high variability among pairwise relatedness estimates. Social mates, as well as extra-pair mates, were generally unrelated.


identifier: Jenkins, Barry S. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Jenkins=3ABarry_S=2E=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Jack Kerouac and the Beat sect of American Zen Buddhism.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Beat Zen is considered by many scholars to be a corruption of Zen Buddhism. If Beat Zen is examined as a model of the Americanization of Zen, comparable to the Sinicizing of Buddhism during the Han Dynasty described by Zurcher, Ch'en, and Wright, Beat Zen can be a useful tool to determine how Zen Buddhism is changing as it is being received into American society. Just as Han Dynasty Buddhism developed according to the Chinese national character so the Beat Generation altered the practice of Zen Buddhism and developed the authority to make these changes in the same manner.


identifier: Post, Janine Nicole <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Post=3AJanine_Nicole=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Investigation of the regulation of nuclear translocation of the transcription factor mesoderm induction-early response 1 (mi-er1) during embryonic development of Xenopus laevis.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: Temporal and spatial regulation of nuclear transport of transcription factors is important for regulating the function of many cellular and developmental processes. Here the regulation of nuclear transport of a Xenopus transcription factor, mesoderm induction-early response 1, MI-ER1, was investigated. -- It was shown that MI-ER1 is actively transported to the cell nuclei of transfected NIH 3T3 cells as well as in Xenopus embryos. The active import of MI-ER1 into the cell nuclei is dependent on the presence of an intact nuclear localization signal (NLS) located in the C-terminus of the protein. The core of this NLS consists of amino acids ⁴⁶³RPIKRQRMD⁴⁷¹ but we show that addition of amino acids flanking this region results in more efficient import into the cell nuclei. It was also shown that an additional, albeit weak, NLS is present in the N-terminus of MI-ER1. -- During embryonic development in Xenopus laevis MI-ER1 is localized in the cytoplasm by cytoplasmic retention, but localizes to the nucleus during the mid-blastula stages. Investigation into the regulation of cytoplasmic retention of MI-ER1 in Xenopus laevis embryos, showed that the NLS (ER457-475) of Ml-ER1 is able to direct β-GAL to the nucleus prematurely, which suggests that cytoplasmic retention of MI-ER1 is not dependent on NLS recognition and binding by the import machinery. -- Investigation of a phosphorylation site in the vicinity of this NLS shows, that the regulation of nuclear transport of MI-ER1 in Xenopus laevis is not regulated by phosphorylation of this cdc2 kinase/ PKA site. Furthermore, it is shown that cytoplasmic retention of MI-ER1 in embryos appears to be regulated by binding of MI-ER1 to an "anchor" molecule in the cytoplasm. It was shown that the region important for cytoplasmic retention is localized between amino acid residues 1 and 282.


identifier: Williams, David Stanley <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Williams=3ADavid_Stanley=3A=3A.html>   (2002) Jon Sobrino and the quest of the historical Jesus.  Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: This thesis focuses on the work of Jon Sobrino, one of the better known Liberation theologians alive today. Sobrino is especially well known for his writings on Christology. The starting point for Sobrino's Christology is the historical Jesus. Intent on presenting a Jesus who can relate to the poor and oppressed today, Sobrino has emphasized certain key characteristics and features of the life of Jesus that best exemplify a liberation perspective. He contends, for example, that the historical Jesus experienced conflict and opposition in Galilee and was forced to re-evaluate his mission and ministry. Through this crisis, Sobrino says, the historical Jesus exemplified a faith lived out amidst conflict. For those in Latin America, the faith of the historical Jesus therefore becomes the archetypical model of faith in action. As Sobrino's Christology is based on the historical Jesus, it is illuminating to evaluate Sobrino's work from the perspective of western biblical scholarship, which has been concerned with the quest of the historical Jesus for over two hundred years. This thesis explores how the historical Jesus functions in Sobrino's Christology and evaluates whether Sobrino is successful in avoiding the failures of previous quests of the historical Jesus.


identifier: Xiao, Jing <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Xiao=3AJing=3A=3A.html>   (1997) Damage and fracture of brittle viscoelastic solids with application to ice load models.  Doctoral (PhD) thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

abstract: In this work a multiaxial constitutive theory for brittle, viscoelastic materials is presented based on viscoelasticity, continuum damage theory and fracture mechanics. The microstructural nature of the material and micromechanical processes have been modelled by damage mechanics using averaging procedures with a finite collection of state variables. The change in the state variable is directly related to the individual deformation process. The constitutive model includes the effects of damage including microcracking, dynamic recrystallization and pressure melting on the reduction in elastic modulus and the enhancement in creep deformation. Damage evolution is based on Schapery's approach using the generalized J integral theory. The influence of confining pressure on damage progress is included. Volumetric deformation under compression is also investigated, which is mostly dilatation due to microstructural changes (damage). -- A triaxial test program has been carried out in the laboratory at Memorial University. A description of the test program, specimen preparation, test equipment and procedure used has been presented. The experimental observations and results have been discussed and are summarized. Triaxial tests were designed to investigate the deformation of ice and the influence of damage on the mechanical properties of ice. These tests have also served to verify the constitutive modelling. The theoretical model provides good agreement with test results. -- The role of fracture and spalling in ice-structure interaction has been investigated. Fracture analysis, using the J-integral, has been carried out in the numerical scheme, which is based on finite elements and the computer program ABAQUS. This analysis is consistent with the damage mechanics and has been carried out on the basis of plane strain assumptions and the direction of crack propagation was calculated by maximizing the strain energy release rate. The direction of maximum tensile stress was also considered. Available data for ice on the tensile and shearing modes (I and II) of crack propagation were taken into account. -- Analysis showed that localization of damage occurs if the geometry leads to stress concentration at the structure-ice interface. Calculations indicate that the load on a structure would be high if the failure in the ice was by distributed damage only. Initial analysis showed that a small crack near the interface would propagate at loads about one-half of those found using damage analysis only. The analysis included crack propagation and removal of material. These initial results are very promising for a realistic analysis of ice-structure interaction. -- Load oscillations induced by ice crushing failure against a structure have also been investigated. Evidence of pressure melting has been reported from both laboratory and medium-scale field indentation tests. Possible effects of pressure melting on ice-induced vibrations are presented. A simplified damage model using only one Maxwell unit is proposed for the highly damaged materials. Two trial test cases are carried out using the simplified damage model to simulate the extrusion of crushed ice in the laboratory and field indentation tests. Preliminary analyses have shown promising results in the light of experimental programs where load oscillations have been observed.