title: Analyzing the biological role of the Transcription Factor Kaiso in Breast Tumourigenesis

contributor:
Daniel, Juliet
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Kaiso is a member of the BTB/POZ-ZF (hereafter POZ-ZFL), family of transcription factors that have significant roles in development and cancer. Kaiso was identified as a p120ctn interaction partner, and has a highly conserved protein-protein interaction POZ domain at its N-terminus and three DNA binding C2H2 zinc fingers (ZF) at its C-terminus. Kaiso is a bi-modal transcriptional regulator; it recognizes and binds both a sequence specific Kaiso binding site (KBS), TCCTGCNA, and methylated CpG-dinucleotides. Since Kaiso was initially identified, several tumourigenesis-associated Wnt signalling target genes such as matrilysin, cyclin D1, metastasin, MTA2, Wnt11 and siamois have been found to be negatively regulated by Kaiso. These data implicated Kaiso in Wnt signalling and in fact, the rescue of the β-catenin induced double-headed phenotype in Xenopus laevis by Kaiso overexpression provided the first strong experimental evidence that Kaiso was linked to Wnt signalling. Since then, Kaiso has been implicated in tumourigenesis both as a potential tumour suppressor (decreased Kaiso expression in 30% of human breast tumours and 50% of human ovarian tumours) and as an oncoprotein (Kaiso-null mice being viable, fertile and displaying delayed tumour onset when crossed with APCMin/+ tumour susceptible mice). Interestingly, Kaiso protein expression varies in human tumour tissue and Kaiso's subcellular localization varied according to the tissue microenvironment.

The goal of this research project was to elucidate the biological role of Kaiso in breast tumourigenic processes, and to correlate the expression patterns of kaiso and its target genes (cyclinD1, matrilysin and mta2) in human breast normal and tumour tissue. Focus formation =assays, showed that Kaiso over-expression increased focus formation in Rat-l rodent non-transformed cells, suggesting that Kaiso promotes oncogenic transformation. Kaiso misexpression tumourigenesis-associated processes of cell proliferation, motility and invasion were also examined on MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Kaiso misexpression did not have a significant effect on cell proliferation but Kaiso depletion appeared to hinder cell motility and invasion in breast tumour cells, thus suggesting that Kaiso displays tumour promoting properties.

We also examined the expression patterns of Kaiso's target genes in matched pairs of breast lobular and ductal carcinoma tissues, and detected increased matrilysin levels relative to kaiso in all patient samples analyzed by qRT-PCR. There was no noticeable trend in mta2 levels relative to Kaiso in the ductal carcinomas, but there was a positive correlation between mta2 and kaiso in the lobular carcinomas. In contrast, cyclinD1 levels were varied across all tissues examined.

This trend continued in the immunohistochemical analysis performed on the ductal and lobular breast carcinomas, with variable CyclinDl staining occurring in all tissues examined. However, there was an increase in nuclear and cytoplasmic Kaiso in the lobular breast carcinomas, coinciding with decreased, cytoplasmic p120 ctn and significantly decreased E-cadherin in the tumour tissue relative to normal. Our ductal carcinomas displayed negligible Kaiso staining, along with decreased p120 ctn and increased cytoplasmic E-cadherin in the tumour tissue relative to normal, although p120 ctn and E-cadherin did not display the expected localization in normal tissue. The expression and sub-cellular localization of these proteins are heavily dependent on the tumour microenvironment and external factors such as patient age, disease progression and type of carcinoma. In conclusion, data suggests that Kaiso plays a tumour promoting role in the processes of transformation, cell motility and migration in MCF7 breast tumour cells.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Politics of Possession: Augustine's Demonology in The City of God

contributor:
Kroeker, Travis
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis seeks to understand the demons found in Augustine's City of God, particularly as they appear as an inseparable component of the political thought he develops in this text more broadly. It has been asserted in contemporary scholarship that the presence of demons in Augustine's writing represents a vestige of his years as a Manichee that undermines the greater political vision he develops in The City of God to the extent that the postulation of demons as such is anti-or apolitical. However, I argue that not only is Augustine's understanding of the nature of demons consistent with his refutation of Manichaeism, but, in fact, Augustine's narration of the origin of demons in the fall of the angels precisely constitutes this refutation. The upshot of this is that, far from being apolitical, Augustine's demons are actually political creatures, and are hence only intelligible when located in his greater political vision. Augustine sees in much of Rome the fellowship of the earthly city in which men and demon alike are bound to one another, captive to the vice that proceeds from their idolatry. I argue that the centrality of demons in Augustine's polemic__Rome cannot be a just commonwealth because it offers worship to demons instead of God__makes a great deal more sense when we appreciate that the worship of God demons occlude is the basis for Augustine's politics. One can only reject Augustine's demons if one has missed the most crucial element of his politics, namely, participation in God through the movement of the Holy Spirit. I conclude by showing Augustine's political demonology to represent the continued development not of a Manichaean sensibility but of a host of biblical traditions regarding the peril of the demonic for God's people.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Energy spectrum of two atoms interacting via a short-range potential in higher partial waves

contributor:
Bhaduri, Rajat K.
Physics and Astronomy

subject:
Astrophysics and Astronomy
Physics
Astrophysics and Astronomy

abstract: We study a two-atom system interacting via a short-range potential, and trapped by an optical lattice, in higher partial waves. These atoms may be made to interact strongly near a Feshbach resonance. Our main purpose is to find the relation between energy levels of the system and the scattering parameters in higher partial waves. We check our analytical results by numerical calculations and find the conditions under which this method is applicable for the d-wave.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The question of Phenomenological Immanence

contributor:
Madison, G. B.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This thesis deals with the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl. As is demanded of any exposition of Husserlian phenomenology, we have characterized phenomenology as the quest for a rigorous Science of Being. We have pushed this one step further and attempted to show how, for Husserl, a rigorous Science of Being must be characterized as a philosophy of Immanence. We have attempted to show how the nature, possibility and necessity of a rigorous Science of Being demands this characterization of phenomenology (CHAPTER ONE). We have also shown how he attainment of the sphere of phenomenological Immanence requires a special methodological access to that sphere to the extent that without this method, the authentic and central meaning of phenomenology remains hidden (CHAPTER TWO). We then characterized the method of access to phenomenology (the phenomenological reduction) as well as the matter of phenomenology (transcendental subjectivity). With regard to the method, we have attempted to show forth certain possible misrepresenations of its effect. With regard to the matter, we have attempted to give an analytic as well as synthetic description of the field of phenomenological Immanence (CHAPTER THREE). Our "critical chapter" attempts to point out an unquestiond presupposition in the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl. The unearthing of this presupposition decidedly effects Husserl's initial equation of phenomenology with a rigorous Science. We have shown the circularity of Husserl's Scientific project, the emergence of this circle, and the effect of this circle on phenomenology's self-interpretation. We find that this circle demands that phenomenology, in its own self-interpretation, be characterized as a philosophy of Immanence. Yet the revealing of this circle shows us that it cannot be a philosophy of Immanence. We then posed the question of Transcendence, but found that answering it required a transformation of thought whose nature remained a mystery.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Basic Principles of Survey Research

contributor:
Matthews, Ralph D.
Synge, Jane
Teaching

subject: Education Education

abstract: This book represents an attempt to assist the senior high school student in his or her attempt to complete original survey research. The book elaborates on a number of the basic principles within social science methodology. There are discussions on how to choose an appropriate topic, the formation of hypotheses, proper sampling techniques, questionnaire development, data organization and analysis. The book also helps the student understand why the research must be done in a certain manner, in order for it to be scientific in nature. Detailed instructions are given on how the student is to go about writing up the results of his or her research efforts.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Art as Creative Process: Aesthetic Value and Its Emergence Within a Whiteheadian Ontology

contributor:
Dulmage, H.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
The attempt is herein made to put forth a comprehensive analysis and explication of the art process and its aim at value based on and backed by Whitehead's metaphysics and scattered comments on the general notions of truth and beauty and on art as truthful beauty. The procedure and discussion is Whiteheadian. Value in general is seen to permeate all of reality. This value can be shown to arise in the explicit example of the art processes of creation and re-creation. The emergenoe of aesthetic value, as such, can be seen to be the result of two factors: the aesthetic object and the aesthetic experience. Thus a discussion of the object of the experience and the subject experiencing the object is put forth.

Integral to this discussion is the notion that the work of art and the aesthetic object are distinct. The aesthetic object occurs only within an aesthetic experience. The work of art is a potential aesthetic object and within the experience becomes the raw data.

Furthermore works of art are shown to have an inherent rather than an intrinsic value. Also, as a result of this and of the analysis of aesthetic experience it will be seen that there exists a mutual effect between art and society such that the one influences the other. The results of this lead one to conclude that art should be for life's sake rather than for its own.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Śaiva Encounter With Buddhism In Iśvara-Pratyabhijñā-Vimarśinī

contributor:
Sivaraman, K.
Religious Sciences

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: The thesis attempts to present a critical study of the concept of self in Kashmir Saivism. The setting for this study is the encounter between Kasmir Saivism and Buddhism. However the thesis also proposes to arrive at an understanding of the religious pre-suppositions behind the positions adopted by Kasmir Saivism and Buddhism in their explanations of experience. In conclusions it is briefly noted that the Buddhist critique of the concept of self of Brahmanical systems has, to a certain extent, contributed to shape the distinctive concept of self as understood in Kasmir Saiva thought.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Behaviour of Reduced-Scale Fully-Grouted Concrete Block Shear Walls

contributor:
Drysdale, R.
El-Dakhakhni, W.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering

abstract:
A majority of the experimental research on masonry shear wall behaviour has been done on single storey walls and on piers in many cases due to physical and equipment limitations in laboratories or time and cost constraints. Although full scale testing of multi-storey masonry shear walls has been carried out at McMaster University where the laboratory could accommodate walls up to about 8 m high, such testing is indeed very time consuming, costly, and even somewhat dangerous as the result of working at significant heights above the laboratory floor. Therefore, a decision was made to make use of scaled concrete blocks and proportionately scaled walls to conduct shear wall research over a range of wall sizes representative of walls in buildings. Half scale units have been used at McMaster University for the past 6 years and the research presented in this thesis represents the initiation of shear wall research using one-third scale concrete blocks. Therefore, one of the important and unavoidable focuses of this research is to provide a solid basis for future research on scaled shear walls.

In terms of shear wall behaviour, the focus of this study is the flexural response of ductile reinforced masonry shear walls of various sizes and configurations. In addition to this documentation of basic shear wall response, an added objective is to initiate study of the interaction of various sizes and configurations of shear walls on the seismic performance of representative shear wall buildings as the next logical step beyond response of individual walls. To this end, an objective is to assess the results of using combinations of the tested walls contained within a conceptual structure.

In terms of practical output, the experimental testing of shear walls will concentrate on inducing large displacements and examining the responses as they pertain to seismic parameters. The primary objective is to augment existing research focused on the displacement ductility of reinforced masonry shear walls and the force modification factor, Rd, as well as to provide a comparison between observed performance and the current design practices within the National Building Code of Canada (2005) and the masonry design standard, CSA S304.1 (2004).

Overall, the results obtained from this study provide positive feedback for the use of fully grouted reinforced one third scale concrete block shear wall testing. The observed ductility was below the expected level, however, these results are an indicator that the current Rd value is a lower bound value. Although the relatively brittle steel presented complications and prevented full value from being achieved from the tests, when considered as lower bound results, they provide a positive indication of the resistance of ductile reinforced masonry shear walls subjected to seismic forces.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Immigrant Survivors of Intimate Partner Abuse: Their Experiences With Domestic Violence Services

contributor:
Dumbrill, Gary
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore and ascertain the experiences and perceptions of immigrant survivors of abuse who use (or have used) domestic violence services. Scholars have posited that the experiences of immigrant survivors of abuse are best understood against the backdrop of the social contexts that frame their lives. It is against this argument that the study was designed to capture how the intersectionality of multiple marginalities and identities (race, class, gender, culture, service user, etc.) framed the perceptions and lived experiences of the participants. The study design was informed by concepts in feminist theory and phenomenology. The resulting data illuminates how identity politics not only shapes the particpants' perceptions and experiences of domestic violence services, but also contextualizes the relations of power that exists between service-providers and service-users.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Nature of Historical Facts

contributor:
Noxon, James
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Exploring and Modeling the Level of Service of Public Transit in Urban Areas: An Application to the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), Canada

contributor:
Kanaroglou, Pavlos S.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract: The design of policies for increasing public transit ridership is integral for strategies leading to sustainable transportation in large metropolitan areas. Assessing the availability of public transit (i.e. supply) as a viable mode of transportation can help in the design of such policies. In this respect, this study examines transit service intensity at the census tract level by assembling and analyzing a suitable GIS database for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA). This research utilizes an improved version of the 'Local Index of Transit Availability' (LITA), which derives service levels based on the coverage, capacity, and frequency of the transit system. Transit service levels as measured by LITA, are linked to a number of socio-economic and spatial characteristics via a simultaneous auto-regressive (SAR) model. Results indicate that the core areas of municipalities were not necessarily well serviced by public transit. Suburban peripheral tracts and those adjacent to the shoreline were characterized by average transit service at best, and tracts adjacent to municipal borders indicated discontinuity in transit service. Furthermore, previous studies often overlooked the impact of spatial effects by utilizing the conventional OLS regression modeling technique. The use of the SAR model in this study corrected for that and enhanced the overall explanatory power of the modeled data. The estimation results indicate that variables such as population density, income, percentage of recent immigrants, percentage of young adults and percentage of elderly population are key variables to explain transit availability in the GTHA.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Russell's Analysis Of Mind

contributor:
Radner, M.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
It would seem to be very essential for an understanding of Russell's theory of mind that we trace back some of the intellectual movements which either motivated the publication of this theory or influenced its course of development. But since there are so many intellectual sources such as behaviourism, neo-realism, William James, Brentano, Meinong, Einstein and several others, I will confine my attention only to behaviorism and James. For both of them have played the major role (a) in the formation of Russell's theories of mind and matter and (b) in my formulation of what I consider (i) Russell's minor thesis and (ii) Russell's major thesis.

Consequently, my thesis will devote more attention to and will be concerned mainly with (bi) i.e. Russell's minor thesis. However, some attention will be given in order to explain (α) Russell's major thesis i.e. (bii) and (β) the relationship between bi and bii. The reason why I am not devoting an equal time and effort to bii is methodological rather than prejudice or short-sightedness. It is rather difficult to treat of these two theses bi and bii, in one thesis and hope to do justice to both of them.

I would like to state Russell's minor thesis in this way: All mental phenomena can be constructed out of sensations and images and their relationships. Also, I would like to state Russell's major thesis in this way: All mental phenomena as well as physical phenomena (referred to in Short as mind and matter) can be constructed out of one and the same stuff which is neither mental nor material but more primitive than both of them. This major thesis might be referred to as "neutral monism".

The reason why I consider Russell's theory of neutral monism as his major thesis is that it includes two parts in it: the theory of mind and the theory of matter as much as it includes the explanation of the relationship of these two parts to the primary stuff of the world. Therefore, the discussion of either of these parts is minor to the discussion of both of them and their origin. However, since I am interested mainly, in my thesis, in Russell's theory of mind, I feel that I should devote to it most of my time. Hence, I consider it my major thesis.

Nevertheless, since Russell's theory of mind forms an essential part of the theory of neutral monism, I feel that it is necessary to treat also Russell's theory of matter. But since this last part of the theory of neutral monism is not the main theme in my thesis, I devote to it less attention than what should have been required, had it been the major theme of the thesis. Hence, I consider it the minor thesis.

Eventually, I will follow this procedure in my thesis:

I

Under the title of intellectual movements I will present some of the important features of behaviorism and James with some points of Russell's evaluation of them.

II

I will try to develop Russell's minor thesis. Consequently, I will deal with:

(i) Sensations, and
(ii) Images

I will attempt to give some examples of some mental phenomena whereby it can be shown that in every case Russell's minor thesis holds. These cases are:
(i) perception
(ii) memory
(iii) belief

I will devote some sections to the relationship between sensationsand images.

III

I will try to explain tentatively Russell's theory of neutral monism.

However, there are some assumptions that would be very essential to keep in mind while dealing with Russell's two theses. The first assumption is Russell's belief in the Darwinian theory of evolution, and the second is his belief in the "hypothesis of continuity"1 in evolution. The third assumption is that Russell was interested "in psychology, not so much for its own sake, as for the light that it may throw on the problem of Knowledge"2.

Hopefully, the first two assumptions will receive special elucidation within the chapter which I will devote to James. It will remain necessary, however, to show that Russell did accept these two assumptions from James by citing some quotations from The Analysis of Mind. Although the third assumption might be alluded to in our discussion of behaviorism, it will be postponed until the end,the last chapter.

____________________

1 Bertrand Russell. The Analysis of Mind. George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London 1961, p. 41.

2 Ibid., p. 15.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Constraints on the Parameters of a U(1)B-L Gauge Boson

contributor:
Burgess, Cliff
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: The stability of the proton provides a strong constraint on models with baryon number-violating physics arising at a scale M< 1015 GeV. In such cases, an additional gauge symmetry is often introduced in order to make such models phenomenologically viable. Here, we consider the particular case where the Standard Model is extended to include an additional U (1) gauge boson that couples to baryon number minus lepton number (B - L). Constraints are obtained on such a field's gauge coupling, mass, and kinetic mixing coefficient (which controls the strength of mixing between it and the hypercharge U (1) present in the Standard Model). We derive updated bounds, relevant to the mass range from 1 keV to 10 TeV, by considering changes in primordial nucleosynthesis, in neutrino scattering, and in several precision electroweak observables. These constraints are overlaid in order to determine the best constraints on the gauge coupling, as a function of mass, at various values of the kinetic mixing parameter.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Exploring and Modeling the Urban Land Development Process in Hamilton, Ontario

contributor:
Kanaroglou, Pavlos S.
Maoh, Hmma F.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract: The form of many Canadian cities has dramatically evolved over the past six decades due to urban sprawl. Several patterns can characterize this evolution including unlimited horizontal expansion of the city, scattered, leapfrog, and power center retail development. Hamilton, Ontario is an example of a Canadian city that has experienced such patterns of development. The evolution of urban form is mainly dliven by the land development process. Since land developers are the drivers of such process, their behaviour is an important factor contributing to the spatial configuration of urban areas. However, our knowledge of the residential development process and the behaviour of land developers is still limited. This thesis has two objectives. First, it explores the spatiotemporal patterns of the land development process in Hamilton between 1950 and 2003. Second, it explains the major locational factors affecting the behaviour of land developers with respect to the choice of the housing type when they develop a site for residential use. For the first objective, a number of spatial statistics techniques, namely kernel estimation and K-function estimation, are used to examine the locational patterns of urban land development. The study is based on parcel level data for the period 1950 - 2003. The findings indicate that sprawl and suburbanization have been evolving Hamilton's urban form from monocentric to polycentric over the study period. Furthennore, time lagged co-clustering between the locational patterns of commercial and residential land development is pronounced in the 1990's. For the second objective, several Multinomial Logit Models that explain the housing-type choice behaviour of land developers are estimated. Four alternative type-choices facing developers are modeled: detached, semi-detached, row-link, and condominium housing. The specification of the four utilities includes road infrastructure, residential amenities, and general site characteristics variables. The results suggest that developers supply detached, row-link, and semidetached houses at locations that exhibit suburban characteristics. However, semidetached development is attracted to locations in suburban municipalities at sites that have more urbanized characteristics. In addition, the row-link housing type is attracted to suburban locations that enjoy very high levels of mobility and accessibility to amenities and road infrastructure. Finally, the condominium housing type is attracted to locations that exhibit the most urbanized features.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Daughters of Eve: The Role of the Shrew in Middle English Religious Drama

contributor:
Braswell, Laurel
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract:
The occasion for this study was an awareness of a need for an isolated examination of the shrew figure in medieval drama. Owing to the limits of time and space regulating this research, its scope has been limited to English religious drama, and specifically to cycle and other biblical drama.

This study examines the relationship of the dramatic shrew to the shrew in other literature of the period, the relationship between the shrew and the Virgin Mary, and the nature and purpose of comic characterization in essentially didactic drama. Chapter One is a discussion of the ecclesiastical and literary influences on the development of a shrew type in the Middle Ages, Chapter Two is an investigation of how Mary is presented in the drama, and Chapter Three is a systematic examination of the shrew in the drama. This study attempts to show that the characterizations of Mary and the shrews combine to form an integrated didactic commentary on ideal feminine behaviour and on modes of salvation peculiar to women.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Space-Time Block Codes for Multi-Input Single-Output Channels and Simple Maximum Likelihood Detection

contributor:
Zhang, Jian-Kang
Electrical and Computer Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering

abstract:
Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology has been used to improve wireless communications systems over the past several years. The multiple antennas of MIMO systems are used to increase data rates through multiplexing gain and/or increase the reliability of the system through diversity gain. It is known that an optimum trade-off between diversity gain and multiplexing gain can be achieved by having proper space-time block code (STBC) designs. The current STBC designs minimizing the pair-wise error probability (PEP) of the maximum likelihood (ML) detector are based mainly on the rank and the determinant criteria.

In this thesis, we study a special case of the MIMO system. This consists of a coherent communication system equipped with Mt transmitter antennas and a single receiver antenna, i.e., a multi-input single-output (MISO) system. Such systems are often encountered in mobile down-link communications for which a MIMO realization may be expensive or for which the mobile receiver may not be able to support multiple antennas (e.g. a mobile phone). Given a full-rate data transmission, the PEP of the ML detector for such systems can be minimized by using the rotated quasi-orthogonal STBC design, which enables full diversity and optimal coding gains for the system. The efficiency of fast ML decoding for orthogonal STBC is also largely preserved for such quasi-orthogonal STBC. However, for large constellations, the performance of such "optimum" codes deteriorates due to the increase of the number of the nearest neighbours per symbol.

To correct such a deficiency of the code, in this thesis, we propose to include the number of nearest neighbors in the design criterion. We show that for the current optimal rotated quasi-orthogonal code, the number of nearest neighbours tends to infinity when the size of constellation becomes infinite. However, we show that by having a particular value of rotation, not only full diversity and maximum coding gain will be achieved, but also a small number of nearest neighbours will be maintained even for very large constellations.

Also, at present, STBC designs in a MIMO system are mainly based on the PEP (or its upper bound). This is because the geometrical structure of the decision regions for a general MIMO channel, equipped with the ML detector, is so irregular that it would be impossible to obtain an exact error probability formula for the ML receiver. This means that the error probability formula cannot be utilized as a criterion for the design of the optimal transmitter for the MIMO systems and the current STBC designs may not be truly optimum in terms of the exact error probability. To rectify this problem, in this thesis, we first find a closed form algorithm for ML detection, for a 4 x 1 MISO system equipped with a ML detector, transmitting signals from a four signal quadrature amplitude modulation (4-QAM) constellation. This algorithm is derived such that given a received signal and the channel, the transmitted signal can be obtained using a threshold decision. Then, using this ML detection algorithm, a closed form of the exact error probability of this system is derived. This closed form decoding algorithm is then applied to the 4-group decodable STBC, in order to obtain the optimal rotation angle to minimize the ML error probability.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The Effects of Lesions of The Fornix on The Punishment of Runway Behavior in The Rat

contributor:
Black, A. H.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
Inhibition theories of hippocampal function had been proposed that animals with hippocampal lesions should show a deficit in passive avoidance. On the other hand, recently, O'Keefe and Dostovsky (1971) formulated the alternative theory. They argue that animals solve problems using the two strategies; (1) a cue strategy, (2) a spatial strategy, and that animals with hippocampal lesion should show no deficits on tasks requiring cue strategies but should show deficits on tasks requiring spatial strategies.

The purpose of the present thesis was to evaluate this hypothesis by using tasks requiring spatial strategies.

Three experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 replicated previous runaway punishment experiment. Fornicotomized rats and control rats were trained in a runaway apparatus with start box and goal box. After reinforcement, animals were shocked at the food cup on two trials. In Experiment 2, fornicotomized and control animals were shocked at the food cup or in the runaway. In Experiment 3, animals were assigned to 8 groups with 3 factors-lesion (fornicotomized and control), shock location (in the runway and at the food cup) and goal box color (white and black).

Animals with fornical lesions inhibited responding in the goal box when they were shocked in the goal box; also, they inhibited responding in the runaway when they were shocked in the runaway. Furthermore, lesioned animals shocked in the goal box inhibited responding in the runway less than in the goal box, and lesioned animals shocked in the runway inhibited responding in the goal box less than in the runaway. In addition, normal subjects inhibited responding in locations other than those in which they had been shocked. The results were, in general, in accord with the spatial hypothesis.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The irony of the narrator in Christoph Martin Wieland's Der Sieg der Natur über die Schwärmerei oder die Abenteuer des Don Sylvie von Rosolva

contributor:
Van, R. L.
German

subject:
German
German Language and Literature
German Language and Literature

abstract: This thesis sets out to assess the special characteristics of the irony of the narrator in Wieland's Don Sylvio. The investigation centres upon close analysis of the main text. But, for perspective and accuracy of evaluation, this analysis is set within the context of th irony of the narrator as it is empirically defined in a brief review of other selected novels.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: How Generous Are We? Forecasting and Demographic Correlates of Blood Donation

contributor:
Newbold, K.B.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract:
BACKGROUND: Canada's population is rapidly aging. This process of demographic change is expected to increase the demand for health care services in general, and blood products in particular. Relatively little is known about the blood supply and usage trends in a Canadian context, or the Canadian donor pool, which prompts an investigation of the province of Ontario to accomplish two objectives. 1) Produce a supply and demand forecast to the year 2036. 2) Find population-level demographic correlates of blood donorship in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A provincial forecast for Ontario was created using the Ministry of Finance Reference Scenario as a basis for population change through 2036. Multiple linear regression analysis of the proportion of donors per Dissemination Area within the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) will find possible neighborhood socio-demographic correlates of donation.

RESULTS: Potential shortfalls of supply related to demand are forecasted to occur as soon as 2014. The multiple linear analyses revealed that population-level socio-economic factors and immigrant status appear to be the largest drivers of blood donation rates in the Toronto CMA.

CONCLUSION: Important age and gender differences in blood donation and usage patterns are identified for the province of Ontario, with the forecast highlighting potential shortfalls as soon as 2012. The regression analyses highlight demographic and socioeconomic differences in blood donation patterns, allowing for better informed future research and policy development.

ABBREVIATIONS: CBS = Canadian Blood Services, HQ = Héma-Québec, WB = Whole Blood, RBC = Red Blood Cell, FT = First Time (Donor), CMA = Census Metropolitan Area, DA = Dissemination Area, CT = Census Tract, ClHl = Canadian Institute for Health Information, MTRP = McMaster Transfusion Research Program, DAD = Discharge Abstract Database, NACRS = National Ambulatory Care Reporting System

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: John Fowles' Daniel Martin: "Ill-Concealed Ghosts"

contributor:
Hutcheon, Linda
English

abstract: John Fowles' Daniel Martin can best be viewed in the context of his previous novels, The Collector, The French Lieutenant's Woman and The Magus, as well as his non-fictional work, The Aristos. Fowles is particularly conscious of himself as author and his novels invite the reader to participate in them as co-creator. Therefore, the way in which Fowles develops this self-awareness in his novels and the purpose behind his use of metafiction are central to any discussion of Fowles' works.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Improving the Wetland Zooplankton Index for application to Georgian Bay coastal wetlands

contributor:
Chow-Fraser, Patricia
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract: In 1996, the State of the Lakes Ecological Conference (SOLEC) stressed the need to create ecological indicators to monitor Great Lakes wetlands. Since then, a suite of indicators have been created by researchers throughout the Great Lakes using different environmental parameters such as water quality (Water Quality index, WQI, Chow-Fraser 2006; Agriculture PCl, Danz et al. 2007), fish (Wetland Fish Index, WFI, Seilheimer and Chow-Fraser 2006,2007), plants (Plant Index of Biotic Integrity, Rothrock and Simon 2006, 2008; Wetland Macrophyte Index, WMI, Croft and Chow-Fraser 2007) and zooplankton (Wetland Zooplankton Index, WZI, Lougheed and Chow-Fraser 2002). In a recent study, Seilheimer et aI. (2009) found that the WQI had a significant linear relationship with both the WFI and WMI, but not with the WZI. They showed that the WZI was not able to discern the pristine nature of wetlands in Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, where there is minimal human disturbance. As the first objective of my thesis, I investigate three possible reasons for this poor performance. I investigated whether the lower than expected WZI scores associated with high-quality Georgian Bay sites could have been due to 1) inadequate sampling effort 2) inclusion of highly exposed sites or 3) lack of representation of Georgian Bay sites in the development of the WZI. Using data from the Chow-Fraser database, as well as analyzing addition samples from the zooplankton archive, zooplankton abundance data was used to analyze my hypotheses. Increasing sampling effort from 1 to 5 samples per wetland did not lead to significantly higher WZI scores, even though species richness increased with sampling effort. Including Georgian Bay sites with high degree of exposure to wind and wave action did not significantly decrease WZI scores, although there was a trend towards lower overall abundance of zooplankton for exposed sites. I found strong support for the third reason, that the original development of the WZI had biased the index parameters against Georgian Bay sites. This was confirmed when I employed the same statistical approach to an expanded database that included 63 of the original 70 wetland-years along with 31 new wetland-years in Georgian Bay and 45 others in Lakes Erie and Ontario. Using the results of Partial Canonical Correspondence Analysis (pCCA), I made 5 modifications to the WZI optimum (U) and tolerance (T) values. Using an independent dataset, I found that the modified WZI (WZI09) scores were linearly related to WQI (r2=0.283; P < 0.0001; n= 50). The second objective of my thesis was to investigate whether or not aquatic macrophyte information was a stronger predictor of zooplankton community than water-quality information. I compared the percent fit of data from a co-correspondence analysis (CO-CA) of zooplankton abundance data and plant presence/absence data and a correspondence analysis (CCA) of zooplankton abundance and environmental data. Results indicated that plants were not a better predictor of zooplankton distribution than environmental variables (CO-CA: 12.8%, CCA: 13.3%, n=107). I therefore conclude that the modifications of the WZI09 have resulted in an improved indicator that can be used in tandem with other indicators to determine wetlands health throughout the Canadian shoreline of the Great Lakes, including Georgian Bay.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: TEST STATISTICS AND Q-VALUES TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN MICROARRAYS

contributor:
Canty, Angelo
Statistics

subject:
Statistics and Probability
Statistics and Probability

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: HIGH AVAILABILITY AND SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

contributor:
Maibaum, Tom
Computing and Software

subject:
Computer Sciences
Software Engineering
Computer Sciences

abstract: As one of the main objectives of Enterprise Business Applications, high availability is becoming more and more important and is a widespread concern of customers, architects and developers. But, until now there are still no models for computing and evaluating accurately the value of a system's availability, and no any feasible and systematic methods to improve the availability 'of a software system, which may be made up of several patterns, and may be very complex. PBSA(Part Based Software Architecture), as a new analytical model for predicting a complex software system's availability, is based on the availability of each component, the properties of some main architecture patterns, and the architectural structure of the software system itself. It uses a Markov model to translate the evaluation process of a system's availability into a Markov Transfer process, and uses the properties of Markov Chains to calculate and predict the probability of the whole system's availability. Then based on the model, a sensitivity rank for architecture components and factors can be given, and systematic strategies for improving the availability property of a complex application system can be given. As one of the strategies for improving system availability, a new component, named the HA(high availability) manager component, is defined and introduced, together with some idea of an HA Hierarchy.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Factors Affecting Population Dynamics of the Invasive Round Goby (Neogobius melanostorrws)

contributor:
Earn, David J.D
Balshine, Sigal
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is an invasive fish species that has spread rapidly throughout the Great Lakes. The proliferation of t his invasive species is of interest and concern because of its potentially negative impacts on native species. This thesis focuses on increasing our understanding of the population dynamics of the round goby, exploring causal factors both empirically and theoretically.
 We analyzed data collected in Hamilton Harbour (in Lake Ontario) between 2002 and 2008. We found that round gobies have declined over time in both abundance and in body size. We related the observed dynamics to seasonality, to substrate types and to water quality in all locations. Round gobies were found on all substrates sampled including mud, although they were less abundant on mud than on other substrates, and to elate have not extensively colonized Cootes Paradise Marsh , an important breeding ground for native fishes. Our results indicate that muddy and sandy substrates are not resistant to round goby invasion, and may impede but will not prevent round goby colonization.
 Recently, two types of phenotypically distinct males have been observed in the population that have different strategies for reproducing. Through mathematical models, we investigate the affects of Male Alternative Reproductive Tactics on population dynamics. We compare two models in which we assume that. tactics are inherited , or not; inherited from the parent. We found in both cases that the presence of sneaker males can result in significantly increased populations, but can also suppress the population. When tactics are not inherited , the model predicts one of three scenarios: extinction, persistence, or persistence above a threshold density (Allee effect). When tactics are inherited we find four possible situations: extinction, a population consisting only of parentals, a coexistence equilibrium, or stable population cycles. Our results suggest t hat it is important to incorporate alternative reproductive tactics into population models, particularly for species of 0nvironmental or commercial concern.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: "A PURELY SPECTACULAR UNIVERSE": JOSEPH CONRAD AND IMPRESSIONISM

contributor:
Shrive, F. N.
English

abstract:
This study essentially offers an alternative method for the comparative study of literature and visual art in general, and of Conrad's fiction and the artistic movement known as Impressionism in particular. Rather than dealing with literal resemblances between visual tableaux and prose passages (a practice of limited usefulness), the comparative critic should deal in analogy; he or she should deal with the various ways in which artists working in widely varying media strive to express the same essential visions.
 The works of Joseph Conrad, when thus studied from the point of view of Impressionist theory—the theory of man's basic inability to ascertain anything beyond the ephemeral and the apparent—reveal a curious transition from a sparkling vision of man striving to discover the mysteries within himself, to what G. K. Chesterton called the essence of Impressionism: "that final scepticism which can find no floor to the universe." In fact, the subtle gradations range from the technical virtuosity of the early Almayer's Folly to the final, deterministic fragments of Suspense. The pivotal point of Conrad's gradually darkening vision is to t be found in the masterpieces of his middle years—Nostromo and The Secret Agent—wherein the nerfect balance between Impressionist philosophy and artistic expression is tinged with an ever-deepening cynicism.

 One of the main and basic contributions of this thesis, however, is simply the argument that Conrad was not only an Impressionist author but an Impressionist philosopher. His far-ranging curiosity, his immediate grasp of abstract notions and his associations with figures such as Bertrand Russell all speak powerfully of a mind always searching, as is Marlow in Lord Jim, for "some exorcism against the ghost of doubt."

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Discerning Domestic Space in a Palaeo-Eskimo Structure from Interior Baffin Island

contributor:
Cannon, Aubrey
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This thesis explores the potential for using high-resolution distributional analyses in domestic space, to better understand the social realm of Palaeo-Eskimo societies. Lithic debitage distributions from inside and around a single archaeological structure from LdFa-1, a multi-component campsite from Interior Baffin Island, were assessed to determine if patterning in the use of domestic space could be distinguished. Distributions were analyzed with Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation, and compared to the dispersal of formal artefacts across the site. Debitage smaller than 5 cm exhibited a single area of activity within a bounded structure, while no further patterning in the use of interior space could be defined. This finding is contrmy to the bilateral distribution of interim space identified by McGhee (1979) from early Palaeo-Eskimo coastal settlements, suggestive of a more relaxed social atmosphere in these inland campsites. However, further investigations with the increased resolution of this study need to be undertaken to understand tile intra-site and inter-regional variation that exists in Palaeo-Eskimo structures. Most importantly, it is hoped that upcoming excavations employ similar high-resolution sampling strategies that maintain the smallest debitage for spatial analysis, so that a body of data necessary for intra-site, domestic analyses can be built up for future investigations at this scale.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Le colonialisme de bonne volonté a l'épreuve dans << Misère de Ia Kabylie :>> Mouloud Feraoun corrige Albert Camus.

contributor:
Maroussia, Ahmed
French

subject: French and Francophone Language and Literature

abstract: p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.5px Times} span.s1 {font: 13.5px Helvetica} span.s2 {font: 15.5px Helvetica} span.s3 {font: 11.0px Times} span.s4 {font: 16.5px Helvetica} span.s5 {font: 18.0px Times} span.s6 {font: 12.0px Times} span.s7 {font: 9.0px Helvetica} span.s8 {font: 12.5px Times} Cette étude analyse s'interroge sur les fondements humaniste du cri d'injustice lancé au secours de la condition socio-économique désastreuse des Kabyles par Albert Camus dans la serie d'articles qu'il publia entre le 5 et le 15 juin 1939 dans Alger-Républicain. En nous basant sur les enseignements de la theorie postcoloniale, nous soutenons que Camus, sans peut-être s'en rendre compte, a perçu les Kabyles dans « Misère de la Kabylie} a travers le filtre deformant de la representation colonialiste. Sur la base d'indices trouves dans le texte et en référence a la typologie des acteurs de la scene coloniale établie pas Albert Memmi, nous avons déduit que Ie contenu de son reportage sur les Kabyles evoque l'attitude du colonisateur bienveillant. Le rapport d'enquete de Camus, selon nous, n'a pas échappé à l'attention de l'ecrivain kabyle Mouloud Feraoun. Dans Le Fils du pauvre, une oeuvre classique de la littérature kabyle d'expression franaçise, Mouloud Feraoun corrige la perception des Kabyles par Camus. Le Fils du pauvre se voulait une réplique indirecte à « Misere de la Kabylie. »

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Walsh Vocoder

contributor:
Anderson, J.
DeBuda, R.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract:
The concepts of the analogue channel vocoder and digital FFT vocoder are utilized in the analysis of a Walsh vocoder. The FFT and Walsh vocoders are simulated in Fortran on a CDC6400 computer. The simulations contain a simplified cepstrum pitch detector to simulate a hardware pitch detector. The Walsh vocoder simulation is identical to the FFT vocoder simulation with the Fast Walsh Transform operation replacing the Fast Fourier Transform operations (FWT and FFT respectively) in the channel signal calculations and transforms into the time domain.

Sentences of different lengths and speakers are processed by the simulated vocoders and the resultant synthesized speech is analyzed for comparative quality and intelligibility.

An unsuccessful attempt is made to effect a vocoder which does not require a pitch detector with the calculation of the time invariant sequency power spectrum replacing the channel signal calculations in the vocoder simulations. Long term frequency and sequency enveloped are used to shape the frequency and sequency power spectra derived from the transmitted time invariant sequency power spectrum in the FFT and Walsh vocoder simulations respectively.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Galaxy Group Dynamics: Statistical Analysis and Comparison of Group Properties

contributor:
Parker, L.
Harris, W.
Physics and Astronomy

abstract: The dynamical state of galaxy groups at intermediate redshifts can provide information about the growth of structure in the universe. We examine three goodness-of-fit tests, the Anderson-Darling (A-D), Kolmogorov and X2 tests, in order to determine which statistical tool is best able to distinguish between groups that are relaxed and those that are dynamically complex. We perform Monte Carlo simulations of these three tests and show that the X2 test is profoundly unreliable for groups with fewer than 30 members. Power studies of the Kolmogorov and A-D tests are conducted to test their robustness for various sample sizes. We then apply these tests to a sample of the second Canadian Network for Observational Cosmology Redshift Survey (CNOC2) galaxy groups and find that the A-D test is more reliable and powerful at detecting real departures from an underlying Gaussian distribution than the more commonly used X2 and Kolmogorov tests. We use this statistic to classify a sample of the CNOC2 groups and find that 34 of 106 groups are inconsistent with an underlying Gaussian velocity distribution, and thus do not appear relaxed. In addition, we compute velocity dispersion profiles (VDPs) for all groups with more than 20 members and compare the overall features of the Gaussian and non-Gaussian groups, finding that the VDPs of the non-Gaussian groups are distinct from those classified as Gaussian. We also compare group properties of both rich individual groups and stacked groups to determine if any there are any trends amongst the classified Gaussian and non-Gaussian groups.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Ryle's Concept of Imagination

contributor:
Simpson, Evan
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract:
This work is an attempt to provide an understanding of the nature of what we call 'having a mental image','visualising', 'seeing in the mind's eye' or, more techically, 'imaging'. It does so by analysing the concept of imaging and its relation to other concepts. My analysis is centred around Gilbert Ryle's discussion of imagination in 'The Concept of Mind'.

Perhaps the most important single factor in an analysis of imaging is to understand the relation between imaging or seeing in the mind's eye and actually seeing. I have argued along with Ryle that this relation is not such that when we see something in the mind's eye we are actually seeing a mental image. This I have called Ryle's negative thesis. I am concerned to show that mental images are not eXisting entities along similar lines to pictures, snapshots or even after-images. I have argued in support of Ryle's position on the basis that mental images do not have representational qualities and cannot be identified independently of what they are mental images of.

Chapters 2 and 5 try to establish the relation between seeing in the mind's eye and seeing itself. Both involve the utilisation of our knowledge or belief as to what the thing seen or imagined looks like.

As regards Ryle's positive thesis, I have examined his claim that having a mental image of Helvellyn is equivalent to imagining that one is seeing Helvellyn in front of one's nose, by dividing the concept of imagination into six senses. I have shown that Ryle's arguments can be seeh as treating imaging as falling under the propositional entertainment sense, and this is untenable. The explanation of imaging in terms of a sophisticated operation similar to pretending which Ryle gives is adequate only up to the point when we wish to ask, what activity is the person who is having a mental image engaged in? Imaging often involves doing something and Ryle's explanation that it is an achievement verb is not adequate here. If there is an activity it must be a mental activity.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS ON EPITHELIAL ION TRANSPORT IN DROSOPHILA

contributor:
O`Donnell, Michael J.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are known for their ability to survive v,Tell on diets containing high concentrations (0.4 mol 1-1 or more) of NaCI and KCl. Drosophila has been used in recent years as a model species for identification of genes involved in salt tolerance in insects and other animals. This thesis examined the extent of haemolymph volume regulation and ionoregulation in larval or adult Drosophila reared on control diet or on salt-rich diets that contained an additional 0.4 mol 1-1 NaCI or KCl. K+ concentrations in the haemolymph of adults reared on KCl-rich (0.4 mol 1-1) diet did not differ from the values for insects reared on the control diet, whereas Na+ concentrations in the haemolymph of adults reared for Id - 7d on NaCI-rich (0.4 mol 1-1) diet increased ~50 % relative to values for insects reared on the control diet. K+ concentrations in the haemolymph of larvae reared on the KCl-rich diet increased transiently then returned to the control value within 48 hours whereas Na+ concentrations in the haemolymph of larvae reared on the NaCI-rich diet increased ~50 % relative to values for insects reared on the control diet.

This thesis also examined the role of the Malpighian tubules and gut in haemolymph ionoregulation during salt stress. It was hypothesized that increases in secretion of excess ions (Na+ or K+) by the Malpighian tubules and hindgut as well as decreased absorption across the midgut would contribute to haemolymph ionoregulation. Changes in fluid and ion secretion by Malpighian tubules isolated from the larvae were measured using the Ramsay assay and ionselective microelectrodes. The results showed that haemolymph ionoregulation in larvae reared on salt-rich diets involved both alterations in the basal secretion rates of Na+ or K+ by the Malpighian tubules as well as stimulatory effects produced by diuretic factors present in the haemolymph. Stimulation of tubule fluid and ion secretion may involve increases in intracellular Ca2+ in response to salt stress. Na+ and K+ fluxes across the isolated gut of larval Drosophila melanogaster reared on control or salt-rich diets were measured using the scanning ion-selective microelectrode technique (SIET). In larvae reared on KCl-rich diet, K+ absorption across the anterior portion of the middle midgut was reduced relative to the same gut segment of larvae reared on the control diet and there was there was also an increase in the magnitude and extent of K+ secretion across the posterior half of the middle midgut. In larvae reared on the NaCI-rich diet, there was a small reduction in Na + absorption by the middle midgut relative to larvae reared on the control diet and Na+ was secreted rather than absorbed across the hindgut. Overall, the results of the thesis suggest that haemolymph ionoregulation during salt stress involves a reconfiguration of the ion transport mechanisms of the gut and Malpighian tubules so that there are reductions in K+ and Na+ absorption and increases in K+ and Na+ secretion. These results indicate considerable phenotypic plasticity with respect to K+ and Na+ transport by the gut epithelia of larval Drosophila.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Impact of catalases and superoxide dismutases on antibiotic-induced oxidative stress

contributor:
Schellhorn, H.E.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
This thesis is composed of two projects. The first project examined stochastic variation in gene expression in the RpoS regulon of Escherichia coli. This variation allows isogenic cells to develop different phenotypes. While this variation is often minimized, variation in stress gene expression may allow sub-populations of stress resistant cells to form within an isogenic population, increasing its fitness level. RpoS is the master stress regulator in E. coli, and so a great deal of variation in the expression of RpoS and its regulon may exist. A protocol was partly developed here for measuring GFP expression based on previous lacZ reporter protocols. Furthermore, construction of a plasmid-borne chromosomally-integratable rpoS-mPlum fusion, allowing determination of the expression of RpoS-dependent gfp fusions and rpoS itself, has begun with the intermediate plasmid pCJ2. These steps will allow a future student to complete this project.

The second project examined the effect of oxidative stress proteins against antibiotics. It was shown that bactericidal antibiotics produce cell death through an ROSmediated pathway, regardless of their primary target. As the ROS that are generated are O2-, H20 2, and 'OH, superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalases should have an effect on the lethality of these antibiotics. Catalase deletion strains were more sensitive to the majority of bactericidal antibiotics compared to the wild type. Hydroxylamine, a catalase inhibitor, and thiourea, a ∙OH scavenger, both reduced this effect, making the wild type and deletion sensitivities more similar. The loss of SodA or SodB did not increase sensitivity to antibiotics, while a double SOD deletion strain was more sensitive to antibiotics than the wild type. Mutants resistant to bactericidal antibiotics were isolated, and many of these mutants were cross-resistant to paraquat, showing that selection on antibiotics can result in oxidative stress resistance. Therefore ROS scavenging enzymes have an effect on antibiotic sensitivity.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Love and the Indirect Icon: Kierkegaard, Dostoevsky and Christian Erotics

contributor:
Kroeker, Travis P.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This thesis brings the work of Soren Kierkegaard into conversation with Orthodox theology in order to explore the question of love as an iconic bond between eternity and the temporal. Though Kierkegaard's account of human love stands in stark contrast to certain Orthodox readings on exactly the matter of iconic possibility, I turn to the Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky in order to argue for a conception of the icon as indirect in ways that complicate easy distinctions between eastern and western traditions of Christianity. I suggest that Dostoevsky's iconologic sensibilities are predicated on a conception of faith characteristic of Kierkegaard, wherein God's self-communication in Christ passes through offense at the paradoxical lowliness by which the divine is revealed. An image does not draw its beholder into the divine life directly, by virtue of some immediate capacity to attract or compel, but indirectly through a relation in faith to the fullness of the hidden source that the image makes so partially visible. I argue that Kierkegaard's Works of Love can be read in terms of this iconic movement, and that the iconology of Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov can be read in terms of this indirectness. So read, both Kierkegaard and Dostoevsky offer an account of love that forms hearts so as to see eternity's image amidst the broken, patterned after the self-giving of God's own love in the abasement of Christ.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Studies of the Ferromagnetic Superconductors URhGe and UCoGe

contributor:
Luke, Graeme M.
Physics and Astronomy

subject:
muon spin rotation
ferromagnetism
superconductivity
heavy fermions
Astrophysics and Astronomy
Physics
Astrophysics and Astronomy

abstract:
This thesis comprises studies on two ferromagnetic superconductors, URhGe (Tcurie=9.SK and Tsc=2S0mK) and UCoGe (Tcurie=2.SK and Tsc=800mK). These properties are interesting because the current theory to explain superconductivity predicts that ferromagnetism should destroy superconductivity. Not only is that not true in these materials, but ferromagnetism and superconductivity are thought to arise from a common mechanism. The studies conducted on these materials arise from that possibility, in an attempt to understand the unconventional nature of these materials.
Original work is contained in chapters 4, Sand 6. All of this work is currently not published in sources other than this thesis.
 Chapter 1 will give an introduction to these materials, and the work that has been done on them by other groups, and work done on related materials.
 Chapter 2 will give details of the various experimental methods used in measuring the structure and properties of the materials studied. This work was conducted by the author at McMaster University, with the assistance of individuals from the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, and the Center for Electron Microscopy at McMaster University.
 Chapter 3 will provide an introduction to the technique of muon Spin Resonance/Relaxation (μSR). This work was done at the TRIUMF facility in Vancouver, British Columbia, with the assistance of several TRIUMF staff. The data was collected by the author, and other members of Dr. Luke's research group as well as collaborators from TRlUMF and from Columbia University.
 Chapter 4 will present the measurements made on UCoGe, while Chapter 5 presents the measurements of URhGe. Details of the crystal growth and structure characterization measurements are included in these chapters, along with resistivity, bulk magnetization and μSR measurements.
 Both zero- field (ZF) and transverse field (TF) μSR has been performed. This work focuses on studying the magnetic moment size, and the magnetic volume fraction around the ferromagnetic transition, and to temperatures as low as 20mK. Consideration is also given to the magnetic and superconducting properties in the low-temperature region.
 In the Introduction, URhGe is presented first, followed by UCoGe, since this was the order in which they were discovered. The results obtained from UCoGe are presented first, since work on that compound was started before the work on URhGe.
 Chapter 6 focuses on the conclusions drawn from this work, comparing the measurements of both materials.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Olfactory Communication in Rats: A Mechanism for Information Centre Functioning

contributor:
Bennett G. Galef, Jr.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract:
The present research investigates whether information concerning distant foods can be exchanged by domestic rats at a central site. Experiments were designed to model a natural situation in which a successful forager ("demonstrator" rat) returns to the burrow (home cage) and interacts briefly with a fellow colony member ("observer" rat).
Information transfer was demonstrated, as observers exhibited a marked preference for the food that their demonstrators had eaten.

A series of experiments designed to analyze the means of information exchange demonstrated that communication was mediated by olfactory cues. Active communication regarding the demonstrator's feeding success proved unnecessary for effective information transfer between demonstrators and observers.

Finally, observers exposed to poisoned demonstrators during the interaction period, nevertheless exhibited a preference for the food that their demonstrators had eaten. This result suggested that observers had failed to associate olfactory cues regarding the food with their demonstrators' illness.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Mother-in-Law of Philosophy: Intuition & Experimental Restrictionism Ian Matthew Wright, B.A.

contributor:
Garrett, Brian J.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This project is a response to recent criticisms against the use of intuitions in analytic philosophy, raised by adherents of experimental restrictionism. I begin by discussing and eventually rejecting the restrictionist characterization of analytic philosophy, which I take to be inaccurate and unfair. I examine several accounts of the nature of intuitions in the history of philosophy, in contemporary discourse and as they are understood by restrictionism. I reject these accounts in favour of a more modest characterization of intuitions. I conclude with an overview of the restrictionist methodology. After considering some of its past criticisms, I offer my own critique based on the restrictionists' false presupposition that intuition is a natural kind.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Development of Shock Excitation Technique Based on Fast Fourier Transform

subject: Engineering Engineering

abstract: Based on the theory of Fast Fourier Transform the shock excitation technique is applied for determining the dynamic characteristic of machine tools. The theory of the technique and its practical application procedure are explained. The use of Hewlett-Packard Fourier Analyser for shock excitation signal analysis is described. The procedure for receptance measurement as well as for mode shape measurements are explained. In discussion the results obtained by shock excitation technique are compared with the results by harmonic excitation technique. The convenience of the shock excitation technique in some particular applications is also discussed.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: A Model For Magnetic Bubbles in Ion Implanted Type of Channels

contributor:
Kinsner, W.
Electrical Engineering

abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to present a model for magnetic domains wholly situated inside an ion implanted channel. In this model, ion implantation is assumed to change the saturation magnetization, the wall energy density, and the in-plane susceptibility. As a result the channel and the domain induce magnetic pole distributions on the channel walls which interact with the bubble domain, altering its geometry and energy. An analysis for a circular domain with variable penetration and location in the channel, as well as a variational formulation for a generally deformable domain of fixed penetration in the implanted channel, are presented. The latter case has been programmed and the results obtained are discussed. The case of a domain penetrating into the unimplanted region outside the channel is also considered.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: An In-Fiber Michelson Interferometer Long-Period Grating (LPG) With Integrated Sol-Gel and Aptamer Coatings for Biosensor Development

contributor:
Xu, Chang-Qing
Brennan, John D.
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract: In this work, an in-fiber Michelson interferometer Long-Period Grating (LPG) biosensor with integrated sol-gel and aptamer coatingd was used for the development of a biosensor for adenosine triphosphate. A macroporous gold-nanoparticle doped sol-gel derived silica film was coated on the sensing head to enhance surface area and the sensitivity of the LPG based biosensor and to act as a surface for subsequent aptamer immobilization. The large surface area of the sol-gel film increases the number of immobilized aptamers, while the presence of the gold nanoparticles improves the refractive index match with the fiber cladding, enhancing sensitivity. The thin film, which is only two hundred nanometers thick, ensures the evanescent wave penetrates into the ambient environment. The LPG sensor has been demonstrated to work for the selective sensing of ATP in solution. The origin of the sensitivity enhancement is confirmed via simulation and experiments which included the design and fabrication of the LPG sensor.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The "Archaic" in the Psychology of Jung

contributor:
MacIsaac, Sharon
Religion

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This paper examies the use of the word "archaic" in the psychology of Carl. G. Jung. Through the study of the use of this word and various, related words, e.g., "primitive," the reader may begin to appreciate more, fully Jung's perspective on time. Though the paper is primarily descriptive, it does attempt to offer some insight into one particular facet of Jung's use of "archaic" and "primitive," that is, how these words relate to Jung's relationship toward religion. Finally, Jung's positions toward time and toward religion are compared with those of Sigmund Freud, so that a better understanding of both may be gained through contrast.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Joseph Klausner on Why Israel Rejected Jesus

contributor:
Meyer, B. F.
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract:
This thesis explores Joseph Klausner on a central historical issue: why Israel rejected Jesus. Klausner's views, compiled from Jesus of Nazareth, Messianic Idea in Israel, and From Jesus to Paul, are compared to selected modern scholars, whose works in part or in whole attempt to answer a similar question. It is notable that two of the finest New Testament scholars, C. "H. Dodd and W. D. Davies, have drawn on Klausner in their own formulations of the answer to this difficult question. It is evident, however, from the brief survey of modern scholars' views, that the basic information on Jesus, his aims and rejection, are as yet unsolved issues. Thus Klausner, far from being outdated, still has significant relevance for modern life-of Jesus research.

The author shows that Klausner's obvious bias for the Jewish national imperative, aided rather than prevented him from acute insights into the nature of the messianic idea and the possible reasons for Israel's rejection of Jesus. In the final analysis a brief look at Klausner's background illuminates the ideological theme that steered his historical argument.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Environmental effects on seedling identity recognition

contributor:
Dudley, Susan A.
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
Adaptive plasticity is important for plants. For example, plants can respond to light by elongating their stem or to low nutrients by increasing root proliferation. Kin recognition in plants is a type of phenotypic plasticity, but to relatives versus non-relatives. Recently kin recognition has been demonstrated for the first time in a plant species using the annual plant Cakile edentula. Plants responded to kin recognition only when sharing a pot where the roots could interact. This indicates that plants were responding to the identity of their neighbours through touch, a volatile chemical, or a soluble chemical.

Dr.Harsh Bais has developed a methodology to test whether kin recognition occurs through plant exudates without physical contact. Arabidopsis seedlings responded differentially to an exudate source belonging to kin or strangers. Using this methodology we proposed to determine if Chenopodium album seedlings and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings respond to kin recognition from exudates sources under different environmental conditions. For Chenopodium seedlings we manipulated the nutrient treatments, as per a previous experiment where juvenile Chenopodium demonstrated kin recognition under differing nutrient treatments. For Arabidopsis seedlings we changed the irradiance and quality of light for seedlings exposed to different exudate sources to see if it changed the response. The goal was to find a repeatable, reliable assay for kin recognition.

Chenopodium albunt and Arabidopsis thaliana both demonstrated kin recognition. Chenopodium responses were consistent with juvenile plants, where seedlings in scarce nutrients displayed an increased root shoot ratio compared to those in regular nutrients which had a low rootshoot ratio and were overall larger seedlings. Seedlings placed in exudates belonging to kin in regular nutrient conditions had a higher root shoot ratio than those exposed to stranger exudates, indicating that those in stranger exudates had more aboveground growth. Arabidopsis displayed inconsistent kin recognition, with responses varying between different environmental conditions and among families . There was significant genetic variability among families which resulted in a change in response to exudate source within trials and between trials.

Both Chenopodium album and Arabidopsis thaliana respond to an exudate source and demonstrate kin recognition. However, more work needs to be done to find a reliable, repeatable assay for Arabidopsis seedlings.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: The Effect of Carbon Content on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution of Fe-22Mn-C TWIP / TRIP Steels

contributor:
McDermid, J.R.
Zurob, H.Z.
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
Materials Science and Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract:
The development of new materials with a combination of high strength and ductility is required for the automotive industry, due to the demand for increased fuel efficiency while maintaining vehicle safety and performance. High-Mn steels combine exceptional strength and ductility to achieve the sustained rates of high work hardening required to achieve these objectives. Fe-22Mn-C alloys containing strain-induced deformation products (twins and ε-martensite) contribute to the high work hardening rates by acting as boundaries for dislocation motion. Three Fe-22Mn-C alloys were investigated with varying carbon contents of 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 wt% and stacking fault energies (SFEs) of 37.2, 33.4 and 29.6 mJ/m2 , respectively. Their microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were evaluated.
 The as-annealed Fe-22Mn-0.6C alloy comprised an austenitic microstructure, produced twins during deformation and had the highest sustained work hardening rate of the three alloys. The kinematic hardening contribution was due to the production of twins during deformation, adding to the overall flow stress. The flow stress was successfully modeled with contributions from the yield strength, isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening. The main damage mechanism was the separation of grain boundaries and the production of twins during defonnation classified the 0.6C alloy as a TWIP steel.
 The Fe-22Mn-OAC alloy displayed an austenitic matrix ill the as-annealed microstructure with twins and ε-martensite produced during deformation. The work hardening rate was sustained from the continuous production of deformation products. The kinematic hardening contributed to the overall flow stress as a result of twins and ε-martensite acting as dislocation barriers. The mechanical behaviour of the alloy was modeled successfully by combining the yield strength, isotropic and kinematic hardening contributions to obtain the overall flow stress. Decohesion at γ – ε interfaces was observed to be the primary fracture mechanism. With the production of both twins and ε-martensite, the OAC alloy was labelled as a TWIP / TRlP steel.
 The Fe-22Mn-0.2C alloy had the lowest carbon content of the three alloys and contained an initial dual phase microstructure of austenite and ε-martensite plates. Straininduced ε-martensite was created during tensile deformation, with the kinematic hardening contribution resulting from the production of ε-martensite. An iso-work model was applied with contributions from the isotropic hardening of austenite and kinematic hardening of ε-martensite to the overall flow stress. Fracture was caused by separation along austenite - ε-martensite interfaces. The strain-induced ε-martensite created a TRlP effect within the O.2C alloy.
 Overall, the effect of carbon content on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties within the Fe-22Mn-C system was determined. As the carbon content decreased, the SFE was lowered and a shift from the TWIP to TRlP effect was observed. The SFE phase map predictions were correct in predicting the as-annealed microstructure and deformation mechanism as determined by Allain et al. (Allain 2004b) and Nakano (Nakano 2010). The transformation kinetics and the role of carbon were not included in the SFE phase map predictions and were also factors to consider on the effect of carbon content on the Fe-22Mn-C alloys.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: A MD STUDY OF Sn AND ITS CRYSTAL - MELT INTERFACE PROPERTIES

contributor:
Hoyt, Jeffrey J.
Materials Science and Engineering

abstract: The unique combination of material properties has led to the extensive use of Sn 111 a wide range of industrial applications, making it one of the most important commercial materials. In this research work, an atomic scale computational model has been developed for Sn using Molecular Dynamics (MD). The MD simulation technique has proven to be quite effective in establishing quantitative models for different materials. But accurately modeling Sn using classical interatomic potentials in MD is quite difficult due to its complex crystal structure and phase stability. The Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) has been used in this study as it includes angular forces present in materials with directional bonding, which can model both the metallic and covalent phase of Sn. Using this method, a previously published pure Sn potential has been modified to improve upon the melting properties. Some predictions are presented for thermodynamic quantities, phase stability, structural properties and elastic constants. Good agreement has been found with experiments for the melting point, the phase transition temperature and the latent heats; however the predicted elastic constants are somewhat greater than those found in the literature. The crystal - melt interface and its properties are also investigated with the new potential. The (001)[100] orientation of the interface is found to be atomically rough. Capillary Fluctuation Method (CFM) is used to compute the crystal - melt interface stiffness in this orientation and the interface kinetics is investigated with CFM and Free Solidification (FS) technique. The (100)[010] and (110)[1Ī0] oriented interface is found to be flat or atomically smooth. Wulff plot is constructed to determine the equilibrium shape of a single Sn crystal and an approximate measurement of the interfacial energy for the flat interfaces is presented.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The concept of gambling and problem gambling within the Croatian Canadian Community in Hamilton

contributor:
Sin, Rick
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract:
This study explores the conceptions and understanding of gambling and problem gambling among Croatian Canadians in Hamilton. This study aims to outline how Croatian Canadians perceive and understand gambling and problem gambling, while also examining the level of knowledge and awareness of the current available services and resources for problem gamblers in Hamilton and the surrounding area. Using purposive and snow-ball sampling, five key informants from the community were recruited and interviewed for this study.

The findings from this study demonstrate that gambling and problem gambling is common amongst Croatian Canadians in Hamilton. However, the level of awareness and use of problem gambling services is quite low. The participants were also able to outline a number of key recommendations on how to raise awareness on problem gambling, as well as the levels of service use among members of this community. In addition, the participants also described the concerns of stigma associated with talking about problem gambling, and how this relates to cultural upbringings, such as the influence of religions and communism. Further, while Croatian Canadians may be viewed as a single, cohesive, homogenous group, this in fact is not the case. The community is quite divided, and there are a number of diverse opinions and understandings as a result. The participants suggest that since the community has so many different sub-groups, it is difficult for agencies and organizations to disseminate information, as not all members of the community are being reached. Further, this internal diversity of opinions and understandings of gambling and problem ganlbling also challenges any totalizing notions of cultural difference, or understanding.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: The Examination of Blood Donor Correlates: Canada and Toronto

contributor:
Newbold, K. B.
Geography and Earth Sciences

subject:
Geography and Earth Sciences
Earth Sciences
Geography
Earth Sciences

abstract:
BACKGROUND: Canada's aging, heterogeneous population presents a challenge with respect to maintaining a sufficient national blood supply. Patterns of donation and correlates of donor data will be identified through analysis of the data.

DATA: Geo-coded blood donor and donor clinic data are provided by Canadian Blood Services. Blood donor data is provided for the fiscal year 2006-2007 indicating the total number of donors for each Canadian postal code, excluding the province of Quebec. Potential con-elates of blood donation are selected based on social and economic characteristics, as well as descriptors of city size and geographical location in the urban hierarchy measures of accessibility, and capacity of donor clinics.

METHODS: Data is aggregated to n = 3,746 census tracts in 40 Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA) across the country and then to n = 992 census tracts for the Toronto CMA. The number of donors per population in each Canadian census tract is regressed against the set ofpotential donation con-elates. For the Toronto CMA model, the donor count in each census tract is regressed against similar potential correlates.

RESULTS:A number of factors are found to influence blood donation in Canada including the propOliion of younger residents, English ability, proportion of people with immigrant status, higher education, and a population-based measure of accessibility. These findings are confirmed when a model involving the city of Toronto is created. The Toronto model achieves similar correlates as the national model with the addition of variables that are unique to the city of Toronto. These unique attributes involve travel, employment, and gender.

CONCLUSION: While a number of correlates of blood donation are observed across Canada, important contextual effects across metropolitan areas are highlighted. These contextual effects are supported by the uniqueness ofthe Toronto model's secondary correlates. The thesis concludes by summarizing what these findings contribute to the field of blood donation in Canada. Further mention is also given regarding the role of spatial filters as a tool in regression analysis.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Time and Memory

contributor:
Shalom, A.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: A critical study of both scientific and philosophical approaches to understanding memory shows that there are serious deficiencies in such theories. Presupposed by all such theories is the identity of the person over time. The deficiences in theories of memory are diagnosed according to the view that exclusive adherence to the cosmological conception of time demands a formulation of such theories which cannot provide a coherent or adequate understanding of memory. The aim is then to provide a metaphysical principle concerning time which can serve as the starting point for the explication of what is presupposed in theories of memory.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Paradox of the Law in Paul: Scholarly Responses

contributor:
Westerholm, Stephen
Roman Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An Application of Tube Settlers in The Secondary Clarification of Domestic Wastewater

contributor:
Benedek, Andrew
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering

abstract:
The North-End Water Pollution Control Centre (NEWPCC) in Winnipeg, Manitoba, treats an average annual flow of 60 MGD. During peak periods, spring run-off and storms, flows to the plant exceeds 110 MGD. The capacity of the ten secondary clarifiers limit the capacity of the plant to 65 MGD.

This report discusses the results of an attempt to upgrade the capacity of the existing clarifier at Winnipeg with the use of tube settlers. This experimental programme monitored variables which govern both the biological conditioning within the aeration tank (DO, SRT, F/M, etc.) and the hydraulic effects on the clarifier (Q and QR). A 5½ inch ID, 5 feet high transparent plexiglass column was used to monitor the zone settling velocities of various mixed liquor concentrations, from which flux plots were drawn and the limiting hydraulic and solids loadings were determined.

A discontinuous or pulse input of Rhodamine WT dye was used to trace the hydraulic behaviour within the clarifier. The overflow was monitored continuously and the underflow or return was monitored by frequent batch sampling.

The results indicate that under good biological conditioning (clarification limiting), the clarifier with tube settlers treated flows up to 11.5 MGD or 2000 GPD/sq.ft. of clarifier surface area (or 167 GPD /sq.ft. of tube settler area) at solids loadings of 50 to 60 lbs/day/sq.ft. This is 80% greater than the flows handled by a similar clarifier with no tubes. Under upset biological conditions (thickening limiting), the tube settlers could not handle flows in excess of 6.5 MGD or 1100 GPD/sq.ft. of clarifier surface area (or 93.2 GPD/sq.ft. of tube settling area) at solids loadings of 45 lbs/d/sq.ft.

Although no significant short circuiting was found in the overflow, the underflow experienced serious short circuiting problems. As the underflow was increased beyond 2.5 MGD or 430 GPD/sq.ft. of clarifier surface area, short circuiting occurred deteriorating the effluent quality. Since the tracer studies were conducted during periods of thickening limiting, it is not known if the short circuiting in the underflow was singularly responsible for the deterioration of effluent quality, or if it was an interaction between thickening limitation and the short circuiting in the underflow. This is contradictory to the established design criteria of secondary clarifiers which state that an increase in underflow would increase the ability of the clarifier to handle a greater solids loading.

Now that the ground work has been laid in correlating tube settler performance to thickener design, future studies should pursue the possibility of establishing predictive capability of tube settler performance in secondary clarification of domestic wastewater.

abstract: Master of Engineering (ME)


title: Application of a one-element model with response elimination to paired-associate learning data.

contributor:
Link, S. W.
Psychology

subject: Psychology Psychology

abstract: This study investigates a response elimination model of paired-associate learning. The structure of the model is identical to that of the one-element model except that the assumption of the latter of a constant probability of guessing before learning is replaced by an assumption that subjects guess from a pool of unassociated responses. It is found that the response elimination model fails to provide an exact description of performance before learning, although it does improve on the one-element model. A three-state model is also investigated and it is found that with four parameters much of the data can be accounted for.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Genetic Diversity of Dahongjun The Commercially Important 'Big Red Mushroom" From Southern China

contributor:
Xu, Jianping
Biology

subject: Biology Biology

abstract:
The genus Russula is among the most numerous and complex mushroom genera. They form symbiotic associations with a variety of plants such as pines, oaks, spruce, and birches and play vital roles in forest ecosystem. Species in this genus are widely distributed throughout the world, from the tropics to subtropics, temperate regions, and the arctic zone. Intensive studies on this genus have been carried out on European and North American Russula. However, there are very few studies on Asian Russula.

In southwestern China the favorable climate stimulates the production of a large population of Russula. A wild mushroom commonly called "dahongjun" or the "big red mushroom" by the locals, has been harvested, consumed and/or exported as an exotic food for many years. Although ecologically and economically important, very little is known about this mushroom, including its basic ecology and population genetic structure. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and geographic structure of dahongjun using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster. We found that this exotic mushroom contained at least three divergent lineages, with one corresponding to the recently described Russula griseocarnosa and two others likely representing closely related novel species within the genus Russula. Both phylogenetic and population genetic analyses suggested that dahongjun populations were geographically structured and gene flow among regions were limited. We also estimated the size of the genets for one Russula lineage by comparing haplotypes derived from four different DNA markers. Small genets suggest that sexual reproduction is likely more dominant than clonal reproduction in dahongjing. We found that the size of dahongjun genets ranged from 30cm to less than 3m, and widespread recombination within a local population. This result was consistent with the findings from other Russula species. Our study provided the first insights into the diversity and population biology of this endemic gourmet mushroom in southern China. This work serves as a great referencing resource on conducing conservation practices for wild Russula.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamic Tools for Single-Phase Flow Distribution in CANDU Headers

contributor:
Novog, David
Engineering Physics

subject:
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics

abstract:
Canada Deuterium Uranium, CANDU, nuclear reactors use forced convection cooling to remove heat from the nuclear fuel and transport it to the power production systems. Flow is supplied by large capacity heat transport pumps and is distributed to each separate fuel assembly through headers. The determination of thermalhydraulic parameters of the CANDU headers is important because hydraulic behavior in the headers governs the void fractions of fu el channels connected to them and influe nces the fuel bundles cooling efficiency during postulated accidents.

This work presents the validation of FLUENT 6.3.26, a three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, for header flow distribution simulations by comparing predictions to experimental data. The experimental data were obtained for three different header geo metries: horizontal header with four vertical outlets (case study data obtained from literature), horizontal header with two vertical inlets and header with two horizontal inlets (experiments done in this study). The experiments were carried out using 1.0 m long, 3.67 cm 10 horizo ntal cylindrical header with two symmetrical distributed vertical inlets or two horizo ntal inlets at the two header ends. The flow is distributed to five horizontal and five vertical outlets along the header with 0.92 cm 10.

In the flrst validation, FLUENT provided good predictions of flow distribution and pressure gradients along the header for different inlet flow rates (Re number between 800 and 4,800). In the second and third validations, simulations for both vertical and horizontal inlet configurations were examined and with varying levels of inlet flow imbalance. The experimental data consists of a set of outlet flow rates as a function of inlet flow rates. The effects of flow inlet velocities, flow modeling and grid density on the computational accuracy are also presented. The CFD technique was found to be an efficient tool to predict the flow distribution in the headers studied.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The Consistency Of The Erzahihaltung In Buddenbrooks And Felix Krull

contributor:
Goheen, Prager J.
German

subject:
German Language and Literature
German Language and Literature

abstract: The person in which Buddenbrooks and Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Felix Krull are related is one of the factors which establishes the Erzählhaltung. As Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Felix Krull is written in the first person, everything that is related is seen through the first person or in the first person , for everything that a person has done or seen remains in him. When Krull describes the people and the situations he has met, the reader sees these through Krull, coloured by him, dependent on him. Kurll is the mediator through whom the experiences related come to the reader. As Buddenbrooks is written in the third person the characters and the situation are not seen through a mediator; they are seen through the characters themselves and therefore as independent of any mediator. The reader understands, of course, that it is Thomas Mann, the actual author of both novels, who relates both stories, or more correctly creates both stories, and that therefore everything related is dependent on him. However, Thomas Mann chooses to present Felix Krull as if Krull is writing it, that is from the point of view of Krull, the pretended author, and to present Buddenbrooks from the point of view of the characters. He chooses therefore a different Erzählhaltung for each novel. This thesis intends to show that the Erzählhaltung which is established by the choice of the third person and the first person for Buddenbrooks and for Felix Krull respectively is supported: 1) grammatically by the tense system, 2) semantically by the vocabulary, and 3) stylistically by the methods chosen for the presentation of the speech and thought of the characters and also by the use of interrogative and anticipatory statements. it is important to consider the the tense system as it is a fundamental requirement of any narration. The vocabulary is discussed since it is an intrinsic integrating factor in both Buddenbrooks and Felix Krull. The presentation of the speech and thought of the characters is significant for the Erzählhaltung, because it is by this stylistic means that the characters can be seen through themselves within their own world. Interrogative and anticipatory statement are interesting as they show that even factors, which are not necessary or fundamental requirements of narration, can support the Erzählhaltung. The grammatical, semantic and stylistic support and reinforcement given by the above factors to the Erzählhaltung established by the use of the third and first person make possible a consistency within both novels which binds each into a unified whole.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)