title: Getting There: Collective Creation and Performance for a Culture of Sustainability

contributor:
Smith, Mick
Lazarus, John
Environmental Studies

subject: Theatre Sustainability

abstract: Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-29 16:37:06.022

abstract: My task, when I set out to research and write my Master’s thesis, was to explore the ways in which theatre can contribute to engaging people on topics related to sustainability. I thus wrote a play about a young woman disillusioned by her life at home and at school. Her journey through her adoption story overlaps with her attempts to make an impact with her environmental activism. My methodology has come out of my feminist orientation which pervades my entire approach. This includes the choice of writing a play, the type and content of the play that I wrote, and the collaborative method by which I co-created and co-produced it. I have chronicled my collaborative creation process which includes devising, using Augusto Boal’s Image Theatre and techniques inspired by the UK theatre group Complicite. The text of the play is included as Chapter 6 and an archive video of the performance is linked as well. The accompanying analysis that looks at the role of culture within sustainability discourse and political theatre is a post-process reflection. The bulk of my work falls under the category of Performance as Research (PaR). As I hope my work demonstrated, performance offers particular insight into one’s culture and the values we live by, and thus our identities. This entire project is in line with the research method of autoenthnography, for the play reflects and chronicles my own struggles with sustainability and what action we can take to ameliorate the unsustainable society we currently live in.

abstract: M.E.S.


title: Advanced Techniques for Robotic Assessment of Neurological Impairments In Stroke Patients

contributor:
Glasgow, Janice I.
Scott, Stephen H.
Computing

rights: This publication is made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws without written authority from the copyright owner.

subject:
task analysis
data mining
fuzzy neural network
feature selection
stroke assessment
task comparison
feature information
robotic technology

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-29 17:06:09.217

abstract:
Stroke is an acute injury of the central nervous system and is caused by the disruption of blood flow or by the rupture of blood vessels. A stroke can impact many body functions, often causing motor, speech, memory, vision and other sensory impairments.
It is highly prevalent and often requires long hospitalizations and post-stroke rehabilitation.
The key to successful rehabilitation after stroke is an accurate assessment
of the impairment. Current clinical assessments of stroke-related impairments involve physical assessment and visual observation by physicians. Existing clinical scores of upper limb function often use observer-based ordinal scales that are subjective and
commonly have floor and ceiling effects. Therefore, these methods are not adequate
to reliably discriminate different levels of performance.
Robotics and integrated virtual reality systems have a tremendous potential to be
used in computational systems that analyze, visualize and aid clinicians to identify
and assess sensory-motor impairments. This thesis presents a framework for analysis
and extraction of reliable and valid features from robotic data that can be used
to accurately and objectively assess neurological impairments. The framework was
applied on the Object Hit task that assesses the ability of participants to select and
engage motor actions with both hands.
In addition, the Object Hit Task was compared to the Object Hit and Avoid task, which is a slight modification of the original task. The comparison was done
using a developed feature and task analysis framework. This framework encompasses
similarities and differences between tasks in a given experiment in terms of feature
information. The results showed that for the data used in the analysis, Object Hit
task is able to identify impairments more effectively than the Object Hit and Avoid
task. The overall results demonstrate that the Object Hit task provides an objective
and easy approach to quantify upper limb motor function and visuospatial skills after
stroke. The developed assessment tool can also be applied for diagnosis and prognosis
of other neurological deficits, beyond stroke assessment.

abstract: PhD


title: Preliminary Investigation into Solar Thermal Combi-system Performance

contributor:
Harrison, Stephen J.
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
combi system
solar dhw
combi-system
solar domestic hot water
solar space heating
solar thermal

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-29 17:42:48.146

abstract:
Solar thermal combi-systems use solar energy to provide thermal energy for space heating and domestic hot water.  These systems come in many different designs and configurations, and their performance is dependent on many different factors such as location, solar collector type and orientation, and thermal storage size.  In this study, two different combi-system configurations (a basic combi-system, and a single-tank combi-system) as well a stand-alone solar space heating system and a stand-alone solar domestic hot water system were investigated using TRNSYS models and simulations, and the thermal performances were compared using different combinations of solar collector and heat exchanger types, different locations, and a sensitivity analysis was performed using the basic solar combi-system.
Using Toronto as the reference location, the performance of the solar stand-alone and combi-systems were compared using combinations of solar collector types (glazed vs. vacuum tube) and heat exchanger types (fixed effectiveness vs. natural convection).  Each system combination was optimized for collector flow rate and tilt angle, and all systems were given the same solar collector area, thermal storage volume, and load profiles.  This analysis revealed that the glazed type solar collector performed best when the heating load was continuous throughout the year, whereas the vacuum tube solar collector performed best with systems that had heating loads concentrated in the winter.  Further comparisons of these systems were done using reference locations: Boulder, Colorado; Seattle, Washington; Winnipeg, Manitoba; and Toronto, Ontario.  Results showed that the single-tank solar combi-system with internal stratifiers in the thermal storage tank outperformed the other solar thermal system configurations, although if examined solely based on space heating performance, the basic combi-system with preferential charging of the space heating thermal store had the best performance.
	Lastly, a sensitivity analysis of the basic combi-system was conducted, again using Toronto as the reference location.  Several parameters were considered, including: the solar collector tilt angle and azimuth, the solar collector size, flow rate through the collector loop, thermal storage tank size, heat exchanger effectiveness, number of tank nodes, hydronic-floor supply temperature, and hydronic-floor R-value.  Of these, the solar collector parameters and the hydronic-floor supply temperature had the greatest impact on the overall system performance.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: The Price of Loyalty: Southern Irish Loyalists and the Work of the Irish Grants Committee

contributor:
Akenson, Donald
History

subject:
History
Irish Revolution
Southern Irish Loyalists
Ireland

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-29 22:01:46.207

abstract: In the years between 1919 and 1923 Ireland experienced significant political and social upheavals, most notably the partitioning of the country and the end of British rule in the south following an armed struggle for independence. The division of Ireland resulted in the creation of political minorities on either side of the border; while unionist Northern Ireland found itself home to a sizable nationalist community, the independent Irish Free State inherited a smaller number of loyalists.  Although the nationalist population of Northern Ireland has received considerable attention from historians, until very recently, southern Irish loyalists were largely ignored in the historiography of the Irish Revolution and the Irish Free State. Historians are now demonstrating greater interest in the experiences of southern loyalists, but the loyalist community continues to be defined largely through its relationship with the nationalist majority.  This study will consider loyalists on their own terms, using sources originating from the loyalist community.

abstract: Thesis is to be restricted for publication purposes.

abstract: PhD


title: Obesity and Endothelial Function: Investigating the Importance of the Shear Stress Stimulus Profile Used for FMD Assessment

contributor:
Pyke, Kyra E.
Kinesiology and Health Studies

subject:
Shear Stress
Handgrip Exercise
Flow Mediated Dilation
Reactive Hyperemia
Endothelial Function
FMD

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-29 22:11:36.86

abstract: Endothelial function is important for the maintenance of vascular health and it can be assessed by measuring endothelial dependent flow mediated dilation (FMD) in response to an imposed increase in shear stress (SS). While the 5 min reactive hyperemia FMD test (5 min RH-FMD) of the brachial artery (BA) remains the most commonly employed method of increasing shear stress, other methods, including handgrip exercise (HGEX), also exist. The purpose of this study was to determine whether obesity is associated with a uniform, or a SS profile specific impact on FMD. 19 healthy controls (21.42 +/- 2.46 years) and 9 obese subjects (27 +/- 5.43 years old) participated in this study. Each subject performed two 5 min RH-FMD tests, two HGEX-FMD tests, and one 15 min RH-FMD test. BA diameter and blood velocity (BV) were assessed using ultrasound. Data are means ± SD. No differences in mean SS experienced during HGEX were observed between groups (p>0.05). %HGEX-FMD was significantly higher in the controls (11.34 ± 4.72% vs. 5.19 ± 3.00%)(p<0.001), while no differences in 5 min or 15 min RH-FMD were observed in the full study sample (p>0.05). To account for higher SS area under the curve (SS AUC) experienced by the obese group in both the 5 min RH- (p=0.055) and 15 min RH-FMD tests (p=0.004), a subset of the 9 controls with the highest SS AUC in each test was compared to the obese group. In this subset, the lower RH-FMD in the obese group approached significance (5 min RH- FMD: controls 8.52 ± 2.0 % vs. obese 6.22± 2.5%, p=0.052; 15 min RH-FMD: controls 17.75 ±5.03% vs. obese 13.28± 5.14%, p =0.08). The findings demonstrated for the first time, that HGEX-FMD was more than 50% lower in an obese group vs. a control group with a matched SS stimulus. It appears that the larger RH SS stimulus in the obese group played a role in masking impaired RH-FMD. When the SS magnitude was considered, the ability of the endothelium to respond to all stimulus profiles was more similarly attenuated in obese participants.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Mobile Small cells in Cellular Heterogeneous Networks

contributor:
Hassanein, Hossam S.
Computing

subject:
Heterogeneous Networks
Small Cells

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-30 21:08:24.559

abstract:
The unprecedented soaring demand for capacity and coverage on cellular networks is challenging and straining operators. The current improvements in cellular standards
are significantly behind the exponential growth in requirements. Cellular operators
are currently shifting towards Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) as the most promis-
ing solution to meet user demands; by using a mix of Macro Base Stations (MBSs)
and Small Base Stations (SBSs).
Recently, several cellular operators have started outdoor deployments of small
cells to enhance service in high-dense areas (e.g., downtown areas). In this the-
sis we assess and propose HetNet solutions that capitalize on SBS deployments to
boost capacity and coverage under varying scenarios. Initially we investigate the core
challenge of SBS placement in high-demand outdoor zones. We propose dynamic
placement strategies (DPS) for SBSs, and present two models that optimize placement while minimizing service delivery cost when feasibility is the core challenge, and
minimizing macrocells utilization as their deployment, compared to small cells, pose
a constant challenges. Both problems are formulated as Mixed Integer Linear Pro-
grams (MILPs). These solutions are contrasted to two greedy schemes which we have
presented and evaluated over extensive simulations. Our simulation results demonstrate that our proposed DPS achieve significant reductions of service delivery cost and MBSs utilization.
Realizing that a significant cant amount of cellular demand is generated on the go and
suffers deteriorating quality, recent research efforts proposed deploying SBSs onboard
public transit vehicles to enhance cellular coverage. We investigate the potential
performance gains of using mobile SBSs (mobSBSs). We assess and quantify the impact of utilizing mobSBSs which are deployed in vehicles to aggregate  traffic and backhaul it to MBS. In our evaluation we study two important indicators to assess the Quality of Service (QoS) received by mobile users, and the ensuing network
performance. Namely, we investigate Pairwise Error Probability (PEP) and Outage
Probability (OP) for mobile users.
Finally, we propose a novel mobile data offloading framework which capitalizes
on mobile small cells and urban Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) zones to alleviate the data
tra c load generated onboard on MBSs. We incorporate dedicated and adaptive offloading mechanisms that take into account mobile user service profiles (history)
and WiFi coverage maps to improve the e efficiency of the offloading framework. We conduct extensive simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of the mobile
offloading framework and contrast results to a benchmark.

abstract: PhD


title: Remote Surveying of Underground Cavities Excavated by Jet Boring

contributor:
Marshall, Joshua A.
Mining Engineering

subject:
Underground mine construction
3D point cloud
Registration
TOF camera
Segmentation
Jet Boring
Cavity Survey
C-ALS

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mining Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-30 00:15:23.601

abstract:
Cigar Lake is a high-grade uranium deposit, located in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. In order to extract the uranium ore remotely, thus ensuring minimal radiation dose to workers and also to access the ore from stable ground, the Jet Boring System (JBS) was developed by Cameco Corporation.  This system uses a high-powered water jet to remotely mine out cavities.  Survey data is required to determine the final shape, volume, and location of the cavity for mine planning and development.

This thesis provides an overview of the challenges involved in remotely surveying a JBS-mined cavity.  In particular, it studies range finding sensors that are relevant to mining applications and their attributes.  As an alternative to sensors used for remote cavity surveying, it evaluates the potentially advantageous features of a time-of-flight (ToF) camera.

Data was collected from inside a test cavity in a variety of experimental environments meant to simulate conditions in a real Cigar Lake cavity.  Field data was collected from the core shack at Cigar Lake and from an open stope at Rabbit Lake.  Advanced data analysis techniques such as registration and segmentation are also explored for application in cavity surveying.  The data from the ToF camera was evaluated with respect to the survey systems slated for use at Cigar Lake and the advantages for its use in the post cavity survey are shown.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Complexities and Contradictions: Citizenship, National Narratives, and Education in Israel

contributor:
Levine-Rasky, Cynthia
Sociology

subject: Education Ethno-Nationalism Israel/Palestine Citizenship

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-30 00:27:41.488

abstract:
Public school systems tend to operate as a lens into general public discourse, a way to determine how successive generations are moulded from students into citizens. History and civics curriculums are sites of history making, where cultural and historical narratives, mythologies and ideas are created, transmitted and explored, often for the first time. It has become clear that successive generations of new Israeli citizens (and non-citizens) are exposed to a single historical and mythological narrative, intentionally designed to legitimate the occupation and erase the many systemic race and class-based problems in Israel from the general public discourse, particularly given that in Israel, citizenship is defined racially. The question that remains, however, is what does citizenship in Israel mean to the divergent communities that make up Israel’s population?
This study of citizenship, Zionism and the creation of national narratives in the Israeli public education system, and Palestinian-Israeli reactions to it, demonstrate that Israeli society is too complex to have a single national historical narrative in its public schools. Through textbooks, curriculum design and education policy in government, the singular vision of history utilized by the Israeli Ministry of Education creates and reifies social inequalities and racial hierarchies and disintegrates community bonds across ethnic, religious and class lines. Such a system renders the populations of Israel divided, antagonistic and ultimately precarious, and helps to reinforce the problem of ethno-nationalism operating in an ostensibly liberal-democratic framework.

abstract: As I would like to publish parts of this dissertation in peer reviewed journals and turn it into a monograph, I wish to restrict the ability for my work to be made publicly available and protect my rights to the work.

abstract: PhD


title: Road and Driver Monitoring System

subject:
Road Conditions
Smartphone

abstract: Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-08 13:43:56.423

abstract: In this work we present a driver and road monitoring system capable of scaling to the number of drivers in any region without incurring the high costs of implementation, thus allowing for safer driving conditions and shorter accident response times. We propose the Smartphone Road Monitoring (SRoM) system that is capable of sensing road artifacts such as potholes and slippery roads. It is also capable of detecting aberrant driver behavior such as speeding and drifting. This system uses both the driver’s smartphone and vehicle as the main source of information. The information is collected through crowdsourcing and processed by a base station giving faster and more accurate responses compared to current systems, to address road safety related events in a timely manner.  SRoM aims to accommodate various levels of reporting based on the nature of hardware available to each driver. It also allows pedestrians to share media pertaining to each event. The collected data is made available to the public through an interactive map updated with the authenticated events. Our system also incorporates the use of the vehicle’s On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) device that helps with sensing road safety and vehicle health status. The OBD system acts as a streaming black box which in case of an accident gives Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel a better idea of the victims’ condition and the location of the accident and allows police a more accurate rendition of the events for insurance and litigation purposes. We implemented a prototype of the system including OBD adaptation to perform the task of safety monitoring. System evaluation of the prototype shows that the system can be easily implemented in real-life using current technologies at little cost.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Investigating Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Female Hospital Employees

subject:
shift work
cardovascular disease
endothelial function

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-30 14:50:11.916

abstract: Shift work is an increasingly popular work pattern and there is evidence that it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The causal pathways linking shift work and CVD risk are unclear, however, there is evidence that endothelial dysfunction and high reactivity to mental stress may play a role in disease progression. No studies in women have investigated the impact of a history of shift on 1) endothelial function assessed using two distinct tests (RH-FMD and HGEX-FMD) and 2) cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to an acute stressor. The purpose of this thesis was to compare 1) RH-FMD and HGEX-FMD and 2) cardiovascular and cortisol stress reactivity in a group of female shift workers (SW) and non-shift workers (NSW). 20 healthy SW (41.1 ± 11.4 years) and 19 NSW (41.6 ± 11.4 years) participated. Each participant preformed two RH-FMD and two HGEX-FMD tests. Brachial artery diameter and blood velocity were assessed using Echo and Doppler ultrasound, respectively. For stress reactivity, serum cortisol, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured before, during, and after a speech and mental arithmetic stress task. All values are means ± SD. There was no difference between SW and NSW in terms of RH-FMD (SW: 7.34 ± 2.78%, NSW: 7.86 ± 3.47, p=0.610) or HGEX-FMD (SW: 5.46 ± 3.24%, NSW: 4.14 ± 2.10, p=0.15). HR, SBP, and DBP stress reactivity were not significantly different between groups (HR: SW: 22.35 ± 15.68 beats•min-1, NSW: 20.42 ± 10.53 beats•min-1, p=0.66; SBP: SW: 20.93 ± 10.72 mmHg, NSW: 19.57 ± 11.92 mmHg, p=0.72; DBP: SW: 14.27 ± 6.58 mmHg, NSW: 11.20 ± 6.28 mmHg, p=0.16), however the magnitude of difference in DBP reactivity between groups (3.07 mmHg) had a moderate effect size (d = 0.5). Cortisol stress reactivity was significantly higher in SW than NSW (8.53 ± 6.04 µg/dL vs. 1.41 ± 2.92 µg/dL). These preliminary data suggest that shift work experience did not have a negative impact on endothelial function, but did result in elevated HPA-axis reactivity and modest increases in cardiovascular reactivity to acute mental stress.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: The Neural Correlates of the Age-Related Decrements in Selective Attention That Occur in Healthy Cognitive Aging: an FMRI Study of the Stroop Task

contributor:
Garcia, Angeles A.
Neuroscience Studies

subject:
Stroop Task
MRI
Attention
Mid-Adulthood
Aging

abstract: Thesis (Master, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-30 16:11:18.061

abstract:
There is growing evidence that cognitive changes associated with healthy aging occur much earlier than previously believed. Yet, the vast majority of healthy cognitive aging studies neglect to analyze the gradual neural and behavioural age-related changes that surreptitiously begin in mid-adulthood and continue into late-life. Attention serves as an example of one of these mid-life behavioural changes and, as such, offers an excellent opportunity for investigation into the early, behavioural changes that begin in mid-adulthood and their associated neural underpinnings. In this study, we attempted to unearth the neural correlates of these incremental changes by subjecting participants to a rapid event-related adaptation of the classic Stroop Task, concurrently with functional MRI scans. We recruited 60 cognitively normal participants from 40-90 years of age, with 12 participants within each decade group.
We found that the bilateral Middle Frontal Gyrus (MFG) was the only area to exhibit unanimous, linear age-associated declines in activity amongst all participants. Anticipating major differences in neural activity between participants who exhibited large and small Stroop interference, in comparison to their age-matched peers, we divided participants into three separate groups, based on performance. Interestingly, those who performed well on the Stroop task exhibited declines only in the MFG, while participants who performed relatively poorly demonstrated age-associated declines in every single examined region of the Frontoparietal Attention Network. Furthermore, in accordance with studies of effective age-associated functional compensation, we discovered that high performers of the Stroop task solely relied on bilateral prefrontal Attentional Network regions to maintain optimal cognitive performance. In contrast, the relatively poor performance of those who exhibited larger Stroop effects was attributable to activity in areas involved in intact distraction suppression mechanisms, like the Intraparietal Sulcus (Superior and Inferior Parietal Lobules) and the Supramarginal Gyrus of the Temporoparietal Junction. Taken together, this investigation provides corroborative evidence for the high sensitivity of the Stroop task in detecting early neural age effects, novel insights into the linear changes associated with aging from mid- to late-life, and conclusive testimony of the widening interindividual variability in the functional patterns of the brain, and subsequently behaviour, in the elderly.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Steel Gear Fault Diagnostics Using Non-Contact Magnetic Rotational Position Sensors

contributor:
Mechefske, Chris K.
Mechanical and Materials Engineering

subject:
Machine Fault Diagnostics
Steel Spur Gear
Dynamic Transmission Error
Gearbox

abstract: Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-30 16:39:37.295

abstract: This thesis reports on the investigation of a cost effective method of diagnosing gear faults using non-contact magnetic rotational position sensors. Like all new methods, the proposed sensor needed to be compared directly to an industry standard technique for measuring shaft rotations. The sensor was tested for its ability to record shaft rotational speed under a variety of experimental conditions. The sensor provided optimal measurements when directly compared to an industry standard technique of completing the same task. Using the fully calibrated sensor, experiments were conducted, which involved measuring the presence of faults in a 1:1 gearbox comprised of steel spur gears. Measuring the dynamic transmission error over the course of one full gear rotation allowed for identification of various gear fault types and severity levels. A large dynamic transmission error is the result of the output shaft lagging the input shaft, which ultimately represents the presence of a gear fault.  The dynamic transmission error, over the course of one shaft rotation, was also investigated for the presence of a smooth engagement profile. A smooth engagement profile is the result of the sensor accurately detecting each individual tooth entering and exiting the gear mesh. The sensor demonstrated a great deal of promise for the application of a cost effective method for condition monitoring and fault diagnostics in a gearbox containing steel gears and loaded under realistic conditions.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: The Neurobiology of Adult Attachment

contributor:
Sabbagh, Mark A.
Neuroscience Studies

subject: Attachment Neurobiology

abstract: Thesis (Master, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-30 16:44:00.463

abstract:
Attachment styles and the experiences of parenting that underpin attachment styles have important effects throughout the lifespan. Research on the neurobiology of human attachment has begun to identify neural correlates of attachment styles. The present study adds to that body of research and confirms previous findings on correlations between attachment style and memories of parenting.
My main goal was to test the first time the hypothesis that baseline neural activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would be correlated adult attachment security. Previous research has identified: 1) a correlation between baseline neural activity in the left DLPFC and approach motivation; 2) a correlation between baseline neural activity in the left DLPFC and infant attachment style; and 3) a correlation between the willingness of toddlers to freely explore a new environment when in the presence of their attachment figures and attachment style. Based on these previous findings, I hypothesized that adult attachment security, as indicted by “confidence” scores on the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (ASQ), and parenting memories, as measured by the EMBU questionnaire, would be positively correlated with baseline neural activity in the left DLPFC.
I also explored correlations between responses to the ASQ and to the EMBU, hypothesizing that attachment security, as measured by confidence scores on the ASQ, would be positively correlated with memories of parental emotional warmth and negatively correlated with memories of parental rejection.
As hypothesized, I found a significant positive correlation between confidence, the ASQ factor reflecting a secure attachment orientation, and neural activity in the left DLPFC. Because the same correlation between attachment security and neural activity in the left DLPFC has been found in infants, my finding suggests that this may be one of the mechanisms by which attachment styles developed in infancy persist into adulthood. The left DLPFC has also been associated with approach motivation. Therefore my finding suggests that more confident, or securely attached, adults have higher approach motivation.
I also found that adult attachment style as measured by the ASQ was correlated with memories of parenting as measured by the EMBU. “Memories of father emotional warmth” was the most significant EMBU factor relating to attachment style.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Precarious Life, Work and Culture

contributor:
Robertson, Clive
Cultural Studies

subject:
Farm Workers
Farmworkers
Agriculture
Farming
Work
Workers
Labour
Trade Unions
Labour Unions
Unions
Canadian Farmworkers Union
Labour Studies
Cultural Studies
Visual Culture
Cultural Labour Studies
Photography
Fine Arts
Art
Activism
Art and Activism
Precarious
Precarity
Precarious Life
Precarious Work
Precarious Culture
Migrants
Immigrants
Discrimination
Racial Discrimination
Legal Discrimination
Transnational Identity
South Asians
Quebecois
Canada
British Columbia
Fraser Valley
Okanagan Valley
Organizing
Social Movements
Social Protections
Immaterial Labour

abstract: Thesis (Master, Cultural Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-02 16:03:56.134

abstract:
The contemporary precarious condition, ‘precarity,’ in life, work and culture parallels transformations in national and global economies, in part through the rise of immaterial production. Precarity has led to destabilization and reconfiguration of a class /class system and the creation of a new majority precarious class including domestic and farm workers, academic workers, care givers, part-timers and more. The thesis identifies how a historical moment of the Canadian Farmworkers Union (1979-1999) experienced marginal social protection, racial discrimination, limited legal rights, short-term contracts, vulnerable working conditions and precarious life without health care. The transnational lessons of the CFU include a better understanding organizing precarious citizens today — including what has not worked; importance of visual cultural analysis and counter-visuality to inform resistance. Theories of immaterial labour; porousness of international borders; lack of social protections; shorter career cycles; challenges to traditional craft unions; shift in social values as citizens organize across sectors, geographies and borders; and, migrant experiences as central to the experience of precarity. Confronted with the difficult task of re-imagining old ‘modernist’ visions of ‘class,’ ‘people,’ ‘nation-states’ and many established perspectives of resistance that have been stalemated. The thesis also includes a short survey of visual cultural expressions from twenty-first century precarious citizen groups.
	The Master of Arts - Cultural Studies major project is a 96-page illustrated history book (12” x 9”) titled Fields of Power: The Canadian Farmworkers Union with photographs and text by Craig Berggold.

abstract: My original photography and research to be published in 2016.

abstract: M.A.


title: My Nostalgia: the Cute, the Cozy, and the Happy in Diaspora

contributor:
Varadharajan, Asha
English

subject: Affect Diaspora

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2014-09-30 21:49:48.005

abstract:
My project calls for a (re)consideration of the centrality of nostalgia to diaspora and a renewed attention to the significance of similarly cozy/(self-)comforting behaviours within the novels of Kiran Desai, Anita Desai, and Chang-rae Lee. I wish to invest in nostalgia and related cloistering desires such as narcissism and politeness rather than divest them of that which makes them (academically) uncouth or (politically) regressive. I also strive to imagine what a non-progress-oriented approach to diaspora studies might look/feel like. In other words, what, in the current climate of diasporic studies, constitutes a desire to embrace regressive impulses without succumbing to (academic) discomfort with such non-edifying pursuits?
Ultimately my interest here is not to establish the underlying contribution of diasporic affects such as cuteness, passivity or happiness to the momentum of diaspora studies but rather to dwell on their disobedience. In doing justice to such affective impertinence, I hope to speak to aspects of the lived and highly personal/ized experiences of minority that receive scant critical attention or are actively reviled while revitalizing both the imagination of home and the recovery of loss.

abstract: I intend to try to publish my dissertation.

abstract: PhD


title: Reconsidering Dropout Prevention by Understanding Dropouts

subject:
Dropouts
Dropout Typlogies
Neurocognition
Stress
Typologies
Graduation Rates
Poverty
Engagment
Disengagement
Understanding Dropouts
Early School Leavers
The Effects of Poverty

abstract:
ABSTRACT

Knowing that the decision to leave school before graduating has a dramatic effect on the lives of the people who make this choice, why would anyone leave school before graduating from high school in Canada? School is important, and parents bring their children to school brimming with the hope their children will do well. Notwithstanding this hope, every elementary school classroom in Canada has two or more children who are likely to drop out of school. If these children live in an inner-city or a reserve, the likelihood they will not graduate increases dramatically. In fact, Grade 1 teachers who teach on reserves in Canada can look at the students in their classrooms and know that more than half of these students are unlikely to graduate. This project is an attempt to address this issue by understanding more about why students drop out, particularly students who are disadvantaged due to low socioeconomic status (SES) and/or Aboriginal status. It consists of a general introduction to the topic (Chapter 1), an extensive review of theories with respect to dropping out (Chapter 2), two workshops, one to increase understanding of these theories and another that addresses the effects poverty has on the neurocognitive development of children (Chapter 3), and reflections on the process (Chapter 4). It is largely intended for teachers and administrators who would like to understand the dropout phenomenon and increase graduation rates for disadvantaged students.


title: Parameter Inference and Estimability Analysis for Nonlinear Multi-Response Systems by Means of Profiling

contributor:
Harris, Thomas J.
McLellan, P. James
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Profiling
Inference
Estimability
Nonlinear regression

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-01 14:50:13.465

abstract:
Determining the inference bounds for parameter estimates in multi-response models is a challenge for research and industry since potential co-dependencies among responses add to the complexity of the problem. Statistical profiling is a valuable method in such situations that provides insight into model nonlinearity and co-dependencies among parameter estimates by studying the behavior of the likelihood function.
This thesis focuses on extending the application of profiling for parameter inference and estimability analysis to nonlinear multi-response models with unknown noise covariance terms. Profiling is explored based on Generalized Least Squares (GLS) and Determinant Criterion (DC). One issue is finding the distribution and the corresponding degrees of freedom of the profile likelihood function, which depends on the process of estimation of the noise covariance matrix in multi-response models. A method for estimating this matrix and performing profiling is proposed. This research proves that for multi-response models with m responses, p parameters and n experimental runs, the GLS-based profile likelihood function has a χ_1^2 or an F_(1,nm-p) distribution for cases with known or unknown noise covariance matrices respectively. Similarly, the DC-based profile likelihood is shown to have an F_(1,nm-p) distribution. The GLS-based and DC-based profiling approaches are compared theoretically and in practice, suggesting that the GLS-based method is overall more advantageous for small datasets and a combination of DC for parameter estimation and GLS for profiling generally produces reliable results when certain issues are avoided.
Furthermore, application of profiling for parameter estimability analysis is explored and a profile-based exploratory analysis is proposed which studies the GLS-based profile likelihood plots and profile traces to reveal inestimability issues. This method links parameter estimability analysis to parameter inference and brings the two objectives of this thesis together. All the proposed methods are examined by means of several examples, the results of which validate the defined approaches.

abstract: PhD


title: Opinions of Surveillance in the Pre-Snowden Era: A Three-Country Comparative Analysis

contributor:
Wood, David Murakami
Sociology

subject:
Surveillance
Public Opinion
Neoliberalism
Snowden

abstract: Thesis (Master, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-01 21:23:05.293

abstract: The field of surveillance studies as a whole is sorely lacking empirical data. This thesis includes and analyzes data of public opinions of surveillance across the United States of America, Canada, and the United Kingdom. This thesis uses multiple statistical models at the univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Ultimately, a country-stratified complementary log-log regression is used analyze the 2012 Globalization of Personal Data (GPD) follow-up dataset. The findings of this thesis show that the majority of respondents in all three countries find surveillance to be highly intrusive. There is also a positive correlation between the knowledge of surveillance technologies and feelings of intrusion – that is, typically, the more knowledgeable one is about surveillance, the more intrusive they find surveillance. There also appear to be stronger feelings of intrusiveness of surveillance in the United Kingdom in comparison to the United States and Canada. Also, respondent’s form the United Kingdom who believe that community CCTV is not very, or not at all effective show the highest single-variable influence on the feelings of intrusiveness than those who believe it is ‘very effective’ while controlling for all variables. Therefore, the concluding results of this analysis show that the pre-Snowden era of public opinion in regards to surveillance is already highly negative – yet new and old technologies continue to spread ubiquitously. Thus, it is apparent that in Western liberal democracies public support for surveillance is desired, but not required. Public support of surveillance technologies greatly reduces barriers for the spread of technologies, but surveillance technologies can, and do spread without public knowledge or support through a myriad of ways. This thesis provides a strong snapshot of public opinion data that can be used as a ‘benchmark’ for future analyses that seek to measure the impacts of the Snowden revelations and other momentous surveillance events.

abstract: M.A.


title: Mathematical Modeling of Arborescent Polyisobutylene Production in Batch Reactor Using Novel Material Balance and Monte Carlo Methods

contributor:
McAuley, Kimberly B.
Chemical Engineering

subject:
Self Condensing Copolymerization
Monte Carlo Simulation
Dynamic Material Balance Simulation
Polyisobutylene
Parameter Estimation
Parameter Ranking
Carbocationic Polymerization
Hyperbranched Polymer
Mathematical Modeling

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-02 14:06:55.637

abstract:
Four mathematical models have been developed to describe copolymerization of inimer and isobutylene via living carbocationic polymerization in batch reactors. In this system, there are six different propagation rate constants that result from two kinds of vinyl groups and three different propagating end groups. The models are developed with the following goals: 1) to account for all six propagation rate constants without making equal-reactivity assumptions; 2) to predict concentration changes of inimer, isobutylene and polymer over time; 3) to predict values of average branching level, number and weight average molecular weight; 4) to predict molecular weight distribution; 5) to estimate model parameters.
First, a simplified but lengthy PREDICI model is developed. Due to simplifying assumptions, this model can only be used for systems with low branching levels (i.e., less than 5 branches per molecule, on average), and only four of the six propagation rate constants are included.  This model achieves goals 2 to 5 above, with parameters being estimated using low-branching-level data. Next, a traditional Monte Carlo (MC) model is developed. This MC model achieves all of the goals, except parameter estimation, due to the excessive computational effort that would be required. Third, a more advanced MC model is developed using a combination of dynamic material balances and stochastic calculations. With much shorter computational times (by a factor of ~200), this MC model provides information similar to that provided by the traditional MC model, and also provides information about dangling and internal segments in the polymer molecules. However, this model is still not suitable for parameter estimation. Finally, a “parallel” model is developed in PREDICI, which contains three simulation systems that are solved simultaneously. This model achieves goals 1 to 3 and 5, but cannot predict the weight average molecular weight. For the first time, all six propagation rate constants are included in the parameter estimation, resulting in improved fit to the experimental data.  Three of the parameter estimates are not significantly different from zero at the 95% confidence level.  Additional data, with higher branching levels should be used, in future, to improve the precision of parameter estimates.

abstract: PhD


title: Naturalizing Canada as a “Modern” Nation: Concepts of Political Association in Late-Nineteenth Century English Canada

contributor:
McNairn, Jeffrey L.
History

subject:
Nationalism
Citizenship
Constitution
Loyalty
Naturalization
Canadian History

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-02 14:22:45.123

abstract: The meaning and future of the new political jurisdiction created in 1867 called Canada were far from obvious or certain for those who witnessed Confederation and its first decades of development. This study looks at some of the ways in which the creation of a new Canadian state in 1867 influenced ways of thinking about the nature of political association and civic identity. Based on a thorough analysis of English-Canadian magazines published between 1867 and 1900, as well as major books and pamphlets written about the constitution in Canada, many by the same authors, it focuses on the English-Canadian intellectuals and public writers who tended to write most systemically about such issues. This study assesses changing ideas of political association in these sources through an analysis of the key political concepts of constitution, nationality, citizenship, and loyalty, each of which form the basis of separate chapters. It argues that ideas of “modern” political association developed by these concepts often led to concerted efforts to describe the Canadian state as a legitimate and natural container of civic affiliation. While many described these concepts as increasingly defined by the relationship between the individual and the territorial, constitutional state, they continued to be guided by assumptions about racial identity and lines of exclusion. This complexity is detailed in the final chapter, a case study of changes to naturalization law between 1867 and 1914 that saw many of the ideas examined in this dissertation take more concrete legal form.

abstract: Restricted

abstract: PhD


title: Approaches for Creating a Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory for a Canadian Biosphere Reserve

contributor:
Whitelaw, Graham S.
Environmental Studies

subject:
Biosphere Reserve
GHG Inventory

abstract: Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-02 21:37:42.484

abstract: The following research presents a case study of potential approaches that could be applied when creating a community GHG inventory for a Canadian biosphere reserve – a geographic scale which has not been explored before for an inventory of this type. A partial carbon footprint that focusses on four key emission sources was created using the Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve of Southeastern Ontario as a study area. Unique approaches that combine the use of GIS data with readily available surrogate data from statistical surveys were applied in order to surmount recognized challenges associated with boundary setting and data collection. In most cases, the results showed a typical trend where community size and dispersion were the main determinants for the significance of emissions generated by community members in different municipalities. Unique factors such as dwelling type, demographics, and rural-urban divide were also found to be important indicators that impacted emissions as well. Potential approaches for mitigating emissions were provided based on the findings, and a discussion regarding the potential financial benefits that quantifying emissions could have for a biosphere reserve in the long term were noted.

abstract: M.E.S.


title: Modelling the Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrodynamics and Biogeochemistry of Lake Simcoe, Hamilton Harbour and the Bay of Quinte

contributor:
Boegman, Leon
Civil Engineering

subject:
DYRESM-CAEDYM
ELCOM-CAEDYM
Climate Change
Algal Blooms
Cyanobacteria

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-03 09:59:17.652

abstract:
This thesis focuses on 3 Ontario water bodies (Hamilton Harbour, the Bay of Quinte and Lake Simcoe), which are vital for economic and recreational activities, yet are threatened by eutrophication, which leads to low dissolved oxygen concentrations (hypoxia) and harmful algae blooms. Among them, Hamilton Harbour and Bay of Quinte are listed as Great Lakes Areas of Concerns (AOCs). To develop effective Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) the potential impacts of climate change on the water quality problems must be assessed. The main objective of this study is to predict the effects of future climate change on the water quality and the implications for lake restoration through computational modeling. A vertical one-dimensional (1D) computational model, Dynamic Reservoir Simulation Model (DYRESM) coupled to Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics Model (CAEDYM) was applied to Lake Simcoe and Hamilton Harbour. We forecasted the response of the Lake to two greenhouse gas GCM emissions scenarios (A2 and B1). There is a relatively small difference between A2 and B1 predictions. According to the simulations, Lake Simcoe will be stratified 4.5 days per decade longer until 2100 and the length of hypoxia will increase from 55 days to ~100 days. Hamilton Harbor, will be stratified approximately 6 days per decade longer by 2100 and the hypoxic period is projected to increase from 150 days to 200 days. In Lake Simcoe, the mean surface cyanobacteria biomass during the stratified season is simulated to increase from ~ 0.2 ugL-1 to ~1 ug L-1 by 2066 as a consequence of a warming climate.
The three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic Estuary and Lake Computer Model (ELCOM) combined with CAEDYM was applied to Bay of Quinte. The model results were comprehensively validated against the observed physical (temperature), chemical (nutrients) and biological (phytoplankton biomass) parameters. The model was then forced for the periods of 2000-2004 and 2066-2070, with North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) meteorological data. The simulations show an increase in surface temperature of 2-3.5C with minimal simulated effects on cyanobacteria. The average May-October TP concentrations in present and future simulations are higher than the RAP target (~0.1 mg L-1), from loads to the upper Bay, and biomass is consistently below the RAP target range (<4 ug L-1) in the
iii
middle and lower sections of the Bay and above the target (10-15 ug L-1) in the upper reaches during 2000 to 2004. In future simulations, the average phytoplankton biomass will increase to (6-8 ug L-1), being mostly high in the upper Bay (14-15 ug l-1). If predicted changes in surface water temperatures are realized under climate change, the phosphorus concentrations of inputs to the Bay would need to be decreased by ~50%, compared to present values, to maintain recommended RAP phytoplankton concentrations

abstract: PhD


title: Biomechanical exposures and musculoskeletal disorders among Saskatchewan farmers

contributor:
Pickett, William
Trask, Catherine
Community Health and Epidemiology

subject:
musculoskeletal disorder
agriculture

abstract: Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-03 13:24:59.276

abstract:
Background: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among farmers is greater than non-farming populations. The burden on Canadian farmers is unknown, however. Research is required to determine the occurrence of these conditions and the work-related tasks that contribute to musculoskeletal pain in prevalent anatomical sites.

Objectives: The objectives of the two studies comprising this thesis were to 1) describe the sample population of Saskatchewan farmers and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, and, 2) explore the strength of associations between biomechanical exposures and work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Methods: Objective 1. Participants received a mail-out survey for the Saskatchewan Farm Injury Cohort. Study outcomes were self-reports of musculoskeletal disorders characterized by presence and severity of musculoskeletal pain in nine anatomical regions. Objective 2. A cross-sectional analysis of the experience of musculoskeletal pain in relation to four main biomechanical work exposures was performed. Relationships were determined by modeling the exposures separately using modified Poisson regression.

Results: Objective 1. A strong majority of participants (82.2%) reported having musculoskeletal pain in at least one body part over the past year. The lower back was the anatomical site most frequently affected (57.7%), followed by the shoulders (44.0%). Objective 2. Results suggest that all biomechanical exposures had a dose-response effect on musculoskeletal outcomes. Shovel or pitchfork use was strongest for lower back pain, while working with arms above head was the greatest risk factor for shoulder pain.

Conclusions: Objective 1. Our study suggests that Canadian farmers also experience musculoskeletal pain most frequently in the lower back and shoulders, similar to those in other regions and commodity types. It also found that all farm people are at risk for musculoskeletal disorders, highlighting the need to target all subgroups and commodity types equally. Objective 2. Strong associations between increased biomechanical exposures and pain in the lower back and shoulders support the evidence that these regions are susceptible to the physical exposures of farm work.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: ABC Miktoarm Star Terpolymers and Their Spherical Capsules Bearing pH-Responsive Nanochannels

contributor:
Liu, Guojun
Chemistry

subject:
Miktoarm Polymer
Nano Capsules
Self-Assembly

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-03 13:23:58.657

abstract:
This thesis reports the preparation of several ABC and ABCx miktoarm star terpolymers using a novel “assembly-and-reaction” strategy.  Some of the prepared polymers were used to undergo another level of self-assembly to form vesicles.  After chemical derivations, the vesicles were converted to capsules bearing regularly packed nano-scale channels, which were pH-responsive.  This thesis is about the “double assembly” of linear block copolymer precursors and “double chemical processing” to yield functional nanostructures
Triblock copolymers containing a short central carboxyl-bearing block and a diblock copolymer containing a short amine-bearing block were synthesized.  One triblock and one diblock copolymer precursor was subsequently associated via electrostatic interactions between their amine- and carboxyl-bearing blocks and were covalently linked via amidization to yield ABC miktoarm copolymers.  In particular, this “assembly-and-reaction” strategy was used to prepare µ-(PtBA100)(PSMA66/200)(PCEMA120) copolymers, where PtBA, PSMA, and PCEMA respectively denote poly(tert-butyl acrylate), poly(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl methacrylate (also called poly(solketal methacrylate)), and poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate).  These copolymers were ideal candidates for functional nanostructures, because all three of their arms could be derivatised.  PSMA was hydrophobic but could be hydrolyzed into PGMA (poly(glyceryl methacrylate)), which contained hydroxyl groups and was soluble in water, PtBA could be hydrolyzed into PAA (poly acrylic acid), and PCEMA was photocrosslinkable.
ABCx miktoarm copolymers were synthesized through the same “assembly and reaction” strategy but using different precursor feed ratios.  These copolymers were pseudo-miktoarm structures because two short reactive blocks rather than a traditional trivalent functional group were used to link the long blocks.  Moreover, the average number x of diblock copolymer chains that were attached to each triblock copolymer chain was not 1, but 1.14 and 1.58 for the two µ-(PtBA)(PCEMA)(PEO)x copolymers that we have prepared.  Since only the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block was soluble in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixture containing 80 vol% water, the two µ-(PtBA)(PCEMA)(PEO)x samples formed vesicles with PtBA and PCEMA as the wall.  Using appropriate lengths for the PtBA and PCEMA blocks, we also ensured that PtBA formed cylinders that permeated across the PCEMA wall.  Photocrosslinking the PCEMA wall and hydrolyzing the PtBA chains in the cylindrical domains yielded permanent capsules permeated by regularly-packed poly(acrylic acid)-gated nanochannels.  These capsules were loaded with various cargoes and exhibited pH-responsive reagent release in water, releasing reagents faster and more completely at higher pH's.

abstract: PhD


title: Heme Oxygenase Modulates AC2M2 Mouse Breast Cancer Growth and Progression

contributor:
Nakatsu, Kanji
Pharmacology and Toxicology

subject:
azole-based inhibitors
AC2M2 breast cancer
Heme Oxygenase

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Pharmacology & Toxicology) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-06 08:21:06.586

abstract:
Heme oxygenase (HO) is the enzyme that breaks down heme to form carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin. The two major isoforms, HO-1 (inducible) and HO-2 (constitutive), are involved in a number of physiological functions, including apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis.  In cancerous cells these effects may promote growth, tumour cell survival, and metastasis. Many tumour types have demonstrated increased levels of HO, and research has shown that HO inhibition results in decreased tumour growth.
Previous work using metalloporphyrin-based compounds identified HO inhibition as a potential therapy for some cancers, but these compounds are limited by their lack of selectivity. Novel azole-based HO inhibitors (QC-xx) have demonstrated increased in vitro selectivity for HO and were tested for their effects on AC2M2 mouse breast cancer growth and progression. QC-xx demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease in AC2M2 cell viability and a decrease in endothelial cell tube-like sprouting in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. While there was some evidence that QC-xx treatment could delay primary AC2M2 tumour growth and the development of lung metastases in vivo, the results were inconclusive. The effects of QC-xx on HO activity were different between rats, from which the initial HO data was obtained, and mice, from which our AC2M2 cells were derived. Further examination indicates that HO activation may help elucidate the role of HO in AC2M2 mouse breast cancer growth and progression. The findings will help determine whether HO is an appropriate target in the treatment of breast cancer.

abstract: We would like to restrict the thesis in order to publish some of the data in peer-reviewed journals.

abstract: PhD


title: Modulation of Quantum Dot Energy Levels by Surface Acoustic Waves for use as a Triggered Photon Source

subject:
Photoluminescence
Quantum Dots
Surface Acoustic Waves

abstract: Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-06 10:11:05.434

abstract: The foundation for a triggered photon source was realized by convolving the energy bandgap of a quantum dot with a surface acoustic wave. The devices consisted of an InP substrate on which InAs/InP quantum dots were grown. It was then coated with a layer of piezoelectric ZnO by radio-frequency magnetic sputtering. Modulation of the device was enabled through aluminum interdigitated transducers that were deposited on the sample, which excited surface acoustic waves. The expected resonance of the interdigitated transducers was around 200MHz. However, resonances at 200MHz and 300MHz were recorded, due a Sezawa mode excitation. The preferential excitation of modes was likely due to variations in the ZnO film thickness. The target quantum dot emission was around 1550nm, matching with the C-band used in fibre optic communication channels. The largest wavelength measured for the ground state energy emissions from these dots was 1580nm, though typical lowest energy emission peaks were in the range of 1300-1400nm. Unidirectional Stark shifts in the photoluminescence emission of the quantum dots were observed as surface acoustic waves were applied. This quantum confined Stark effect is thought to be due the polarization of the InP/InAs due to the electric field in the ZnO layer, providing a second order effect. The electrical field from the ZnO layer potentially contributes a linear effect. The modulation of the quantum dot energy is due to the strain field but due to the electrical coupling form the ZnO layer, exact determination of the strain field's contribution is not possible. The emission modulation effect is quadratically dependent on both applied SAW power and inital emission energy. Convolution of the quantum dot emission with the surface acoustic wave-induced bandgap modulation was also observed, resulting in a split emission peak. A splitting of 4.97meV was observed using a linear surface acoustic wave power density of at least 1.69W/m and a laser excitation density of 3.17uW/um^2.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Investigation of the Failure of Large-Diameter Cast-Iron Water Mains Using a Stochastic, Physical Model

contributor:
Moore, Ian D.
Filion, Yves R.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Water
Corrosion
Stochastic
Cast Iron
Pipe
Failure

abstract: Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-06 14:47:43.127

abstract:
Cast-iron water mains are still in use in water distribution systems across North America. These pipes are now reaching the end of their expected service lives and are becoming a concern to water utilities. Large-diameter water mains (defined as water mains with a diameter greater than 500 mm (20”)) are particularly important because of they can entail severe consequences when they fail.
A physical model is presented to estimate the time-dependent factor of safety and probability of failure of large-diameter cast-iron water mains. Failure is assumed to occur by longitudinal cracking caused by tensile hoop stress and a reduction in the strength of the pipe due to corrosion pitting. Six sources of loading are considered in the model, including: earth load, live load, frost load, internal water pressure, and the curvature caused by the live load.
The model is used in a two-part sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of each input of the model outputs. The first part of the analysis is a one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis of all 28 input variables. This identified six variables as having a high impact: the pipe wall thickness, the pitting depth scaling constant, the corrosion rate inhibition factor, the fracture toughness, the constant S in the residual tensile strength calculation, and the pipe diameter.
The second part is a stochastic sensitivity analysis to further investigate the sensitivity of the model to those variables identified in the deterministic analysis. The mean factor of safety and probability of failure were determined to be sensitive to the pipe wall thickness, corrosion rate, and the constants used to calculate the residual tensile strength, but were relatively insensitive to the diameter of the pipe.
A case study of the City of Hamilton water distribution system was performed to characterize the failure of 20 large-diameter cast-iron water mains. Due to the uncertainty in the accuracy of the model, the pipes were assigned ranks relative to each other rather than an absolute probability of failure. The diameter, burial depth and soil type were all determined to have an effect on the ranking of each pipe.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Effect of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibition on the Acquisition and Expression of Cocaine-Cue Conditioned Activity and Spontaneous Locomotion in Rodents

contributor:
Beninger, Richard J.
Psychology

subject:
Dopamine
GSK-3
Cocaine
Incentive Learning
Conditioned Activity

abstract: Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-08 13:55:28.116

abstract:
Pairing environmental stimuli with pro-dopaminergic drugs can produce conditioned effects on locomotor behaviour in rodents, an effect that is used to model incentive learning and drug craving in laboratory animals. One of the targets of dopamine signaling is glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a nearly constitutively active enzyme involved in a variety of cellular activities and signaling pathways. Recently, GSK-3 has been shown to be modulated by activity at the dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, both of which have been implicated in the acquisition and expression of conditioned activity. Here, it was hypothesized that the selective GSK-3 inhibitor, A-1070722 (Abbott Laboratories, Ludwigshafen, Germany), would block the acquisition and expression of cocaine-cue conditioned activity in Wistar rats.
	Results indicated a block of the expression, but not acquisition, of conditioned activity at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of A-1070722, but not 0, 1, or 5 mg/kg doses. The 10 mg/kg dose also appeared to decrease spontaneous locomotion, suggesting that the effect of A-1070722 on the expression of conditioned activity may be due an effect on locomotor behaviour more generally, rather than being due to a selective attenuation of the expression of incentive learning produced by cocaine-associated environmental stimuli.

abstract: One of the compounds used in this project (A-1070722) is protected by its producer, Abbott Laboratories, and permission is needed to publish any work related to it.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Evidence for effects of nesfatin-1, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, and glucose on the excitability of individual neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract

contributor:
Ferguson, Alastair V.
Physiology

subject:
Glucose
Nesfatin-1
Electrophysiology
Nucleus of the solitary tract
alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Physiology) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-09 22:01:18.504

abstract:
The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a medullary autonomic center with essential roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Understanding how the NTS contributes to the coordination of ingestive behaviors and autonomic processes is therefore critical to provide insight into the control of feeding in physiological and pathological states. Thus, here we have investigated the integration of metabolically relevant factors in individual NTS neurons.
We uncovered direct depolarizing (42% of responses, mean 7.83±0.84 mV, n=39) and hyperpolarizing (21% of responses, mean -8.23±1.00 mV, n=20) effects of the anorexigenic peptide nesfatin-1 on NTS neurons. Our reverse transcription PCR studies demonstrated exclusively depolarizing effects of nesfatin-1 on neurons expressing NUCB2, the gene which encodes nesfatin-1, and the orexigenic neuropeptide Y. Furthermore, in vivo microinjections of nesfatin-1 into the NTS elicited tachycardic and pressor effects.
We also delineated an NTS circuit engaged by the anorexigenic peptide α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). We established the depolarizing effects (39% of responses, mean 6.14±0.54 mV, n=16) of α-MSH are due to postsynaptic actions on the membrane potential of NTS cells, while hyperpolarizations (22% of responses, mean -6.79±1.02 mV, n=9) are indirect and caused by enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission. Indeed, 50% of NTS neurons showed an increase in inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) frequency in response to α-MSH. Another subset of NTS neurons was non-responsive to α-MSH due to simultaneous direct depolarizing and indirect hyperpolarizing effects of the peptide.
Finally, we established 57% of NTS neurons exhibit physiologically relevant glucose sensing properties (n=81, 35% glucose excited, 22% glucose inhibited). Moreover, the effects of nesfatin-1 on the excitability of NTS neurons were consistent across glycemic conditions and  categories of glucose sensing cells. α-MSH, however showed preferential effects on glucose responsive NTS neurons, and depolarized all NTS cells in hypoglycemic conditions, in contrast to the heterogeneous effects elicited in normo- and hyperglycemic states.
Taken together, our studies highlight the integration of metabolic signals in individual NTS neurons. We have also revealed critical effects of glucose concentrations on brain slice studies, findings which have important implications for electrophysiological investigations in the NTS and in other neuronal centers.

abstract: Manuscript 3 of the thesis is under review and not yet published.

abstract: PhD


title: Early Detection of Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease by Monitoring Change in eGFR in CKD Stages 1, 2 & 3

contributor:
Lam, Miu
Toffelmire, Edwin
Birtwhistle, Richard
Community Health and Epidemiology

subject:
eGFR
Slope
Decline
Chronic Kidney Disease
Joinpoint
Biological Variation
Creatinine
Reference Change Value
Rate of Change

abstract: Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-11 12:55:01.612

abstract:
RATIONALE:  Early detection and effective treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is reported to halt or slow progression (pCKD) to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in many patients.  Current guidelines recommend an eGFR upper reporting limit of > 60 mL/min/1.73m2.  However, this severely limits the detection of pCKD as the first time a patient is diagnosed with CKD, they are already in Stage 3.
OBJECTIVE:  To determine if the rate of change in eGFR during early stages of CKD (i.e. 1 - 3) is different in those who progress to ESRD compared to those who are currently not anticipated to progress.
METHODS:  This retrospective case-control (1:2) study used 5 years of hospital laboratory data (2008 – 2013).   All subjects had a maximum eGFR-EPI > 90 mL/min/1.73m2.  Cases had a minimum eGFR-EPI < 15 mL/min/1.73m2, while age- and sex-matched controls (± 5 years) had a minimum eGFR-EPI > 45 mL/min/1.73m2.    JOINPOINT (JP) regression software was used to identify and estimate the declining “linear” slope for eGFR most reflective of early pCKD.  Multi-level modelling (MLM) was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS:   There were 30 cases (13 women, 17 men), and 60 controls (26 women, 34 men), for a total of 3,217 observations in 90 subjects.  The mean eGFR-EPI slope by MLM was -2.9 mL/min/1.73m2/year (95%CI: -3.3 to -2.4) for controls, and -13.0 mL/min/1.73m2/year (95%CI: -16.6 to -9.4) for cases.  The median intra-individual variation for eGFR-EPI was 9.5% (95%CI: 4 - 17%) for controls and 24% (95%CI: 6 - 45%) for cases.  The average “reference change value” (RCV) needed between two serial values to detect a significant decrease was -25%.
CONCLUSIONS:  Although eGFR declined in a linear fashion in some subjects, it may be more accurate to describe pCKD as an event-to-event process overlying progressive deterioration.  Thus, analysis assuming linear decline should be undertaken cautiously in CKD.  In order to detect pCKD earlier, regression with visual review of eGFR time profiles is optimal.  Individuals at high risk need to be monitored at a useful frequency to take full advantage of the testing performed and the potential to significantly modify patient outcomes.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: “I Just Connect With the Horses”: Equine Assisted Learning as a Tool for Developing Social Skills and Resiliency in At-Risk Youth

contributor:
Berg, Derek
Education

subject:
At-Risk Youth
Equine Assisted Learning
Animal Assisted Intervention
Resiliency
Alternative Intervention
Social Skills
Social Cognition
Experiential Education
Social Cognitive Theory
Educational Psychology
Horse
Outdoor Education

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-12 10:43:46.769

abstract:
This study describes the experiences reported by at-risk youth in a four-day, equine assisted learning (EAL) program and evaluates the impact of the program on the youths’ social skills and resiliency. A multi-strategy single group pre-test/post-test design was implemented at an EAL facility in Ontario. Two self-report instruments, the Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS) and the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA), were completed on two occasions: baseline and immediately following participation in EAL. Multiple paired-samples t-tests were computed to determine if there were any changes over time. Two participants were selected for exit interviews on the last day of the program.
The results of this work indicated that participation in EAL may positively influence social skills and resiliency development. The self-report scales achieved statistically significant improvement (p < .05) in perceived levels of: empathy, self-control, mastery, optimism, self-efficacy, support, sense of relatedness, social skills, and internalizing symptoms. Additionally, interviews with two participants in the EAL program revealed that participants enjoyed working with the horses, experienced increased self-awareness and self-confidence, felt safe and calm at the farm, and developed trusting bonds with the horses. Further investigation is recommended to determine the underlying mechanisms at work, in addition to whether the perceived gains are maintained and transferable to other areas of the participants’ lives. The overarching goal of this research was to provide a foundation for empirical research on EAL within the Canadian context. It is hoped that the literature, methodologies, results, and recommendations compiled in this study will be used as a stepping stone for more research on employing EAL as a tool for social cognitive development.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: Aptitude Testing of Military Pilot Candidates

contributor:
Kirby, John R.
Education

subject:
cognitive constructs
aptitude testing

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-14 09:03:53.431

abstract: Flying a military aircraft is a cognitively complex activity. Military pilots must not only be able to fly the aircraft but they also must be able to seamlessly integrate the aircraft into a wide range of operational situations, working to complete complex missions in hostile terrain and under difficult circumstances. The overall goal of this thesis is to examine the specific cognitive abilities and/or demographic characteristics of Canadian Forces pilot candidates in aircrew selection using three aptitude test batteries. There were three purposes of this study: to investigate relationships amongst the three aptitude test batteries completed by the pilot candidates, to determine if there were specific indicators that defined successful pilot candidates, and to examine the patterns of performance in flight simulator testing. Analysis of the relationships identified three factors, which were significant in a number of analyses and confirmed that candidates who were successful at aircrew selection possessed a number of common abilities. Specific groups of candidates were also identified based on their performance in the simulator. Candidates who scored well on Psychomotor Ability and Spatial Reasoning subtests were successful at pilot selection and Gender was consistently a significant factor in aptitude testing, with female candidates experiencing greater difficulty passing selection. The development of systemically complex aircraft may have reduced the need for strong psychomotor abilities and instead generated an increased requirement for improved problem solving abilities and situational awareness. The current study demonstrated some movement towards this new dynamic by showing the importance of a Reasoning factor based on problem solving and critical thinking abilities, and an ability to work quickly and accurately under time constraints. Successful completion of pilot selection required candidates to be competent in a number of ability domains. More diverse abilities testing may select military pilot candidates whose performance during flight training is of a higher calibre as a result of their expanded skill set and who are better equipped to meet the challenges of today’s complex and ever-changing air environment.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: Hospital post-cardiac arrest patient volume and key features of post-cardiac arrest care

contributor:
Brooks, Steven
Pickett, William
Community Health and Epidemiology

subject:
Patient Volume
Cardiac Arrest

abstract: Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-14 15:20:52.972

abstract:
Background: Hospitals vary in the number of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients they treat on an annual basis.  Institutional experience with this type of complex patient may be associated with the quality of post-arrest care delivered by a hospital, specifically targeted temperature management (TTM).

Objectives: 1) To quantify the variability in post-cardiac arrest patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes across a network of 37 hospitals in Southern Ontario, 2) To evaluate the association between average annual hospital volume of patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and several care process and clinical outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study of consecutive non-traumatic OHCA cases presenting to the 37 hospitals in the Strategies for Post-Arrest Care Network of Southern Ontario from 2007-2013. The study included adult patients who achieved return of spontaneous circulation, survived at least 6 hours post-hospital arrival and were comatose.  The study excluded patients with a pre-existing Do-Not-Resuscitate order, who had life sustaining therapy withdrawn within 6 hours of hospital arrival, and who had intracranial or severe bleeding within 6 hours of hospital arrival. The patient population was described and the proportion of patients who achieved specific care-process and clinical outcomes were reported by hospital volume.  Several multi-level logistic regression models were constructed with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2).

Results: The cohort included 2,723 eligible patients at 37 hospitals. Overall, 33% had successful TTM. Successful TTM varied significantly between 3 hospital volume groups (26% (184/721) for <15 patients/year, 33% (342/1024) for 15-25 patients/year, and 38% (369/978) for >25 patients/year; p<0.05). The volume groups were comparable on patient factors.  The intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated 11% of the variability in successful TTM was attributable to hospital-level factors. Multilevel analysis revealed for each 10 unit increase in annual volume of patients eligible for TTM, the adjusted odds for successful TTM were almost 30% higher (OR 1.29, CI95 1.03-1.62).

Conclusions: Successful TTM varied markedly between hospitals on the basis of experience with post-OHCA patients. Patients who received successful TTM were more likely to have arrived at hospitals with more experience in post-OHCA patients.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Applications of Multitaper Spectral Analysis to Nonstationary Data

contributor:
Thomson, David J.
Mathematics and Statistics

subject:
Spectral Analysis
Time Series

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-15 00:52:05.842

abstract:
This thesis is concerned with changes in the spectrum over time observed in Holocene climate data as recorded in the Burgundy grape harvest date series. These changes represent nonstationarities, and while spectral estimation techniques are relatively robust in the presence of nonstationarity--that is, they are able to detect significant contributions to power at a given frequency in cases where the contribution to power at that given frequency is not constant over time--estimation and prediction can be improved by considering nonstationarity. We propose improving spectral estimation by considering such changes. Specifically, we propose estimating the level of change in frequency over time, detecting change-point(s) and sectioning the time series into stationary segments. We focus on locating a change in frequency domain in time, and propose a graphical technique to detect spectral changes over time. We test the estimation technique in simulation, and then apply it to the Burgundy grape harvest date series. The Burgundy grape harvest date series was selected to demonstrate the introduced estimator and methodology because the time series is equally spaced, has few missing values, and a multitaper spectral analysis, which the methodology proposed in this thesis is based on, of the grape harvest date series was recently published. In addition, we propose a method using a test for goodness-of-fit of autoregressive estimators to aid in assessment of change in spectral properties over time.

        This thesis has four components: (1) introduction and study of a level-of-change estimator for use in the frequency domain change-point detection, (2) spectral analysis of the Burgundy grape harvest date series, (3) goodness-of-fit estimates for autoregressive processes, and (4) introduction of a statistical software package for multitaper spectral analysis.  We present four results. (1) We introduce and demonstrate the feasibility of a level-of-change estimator.  (2) We present a spectral analysis and coherence study of the Burgundy grape harvest date series that includes locating a change-point. (3) We present a study showing an advantage using multitaper spectral estimates when calculating autocorrelation coefficients. And (4) we introduce an R software package, available on the CRAN, to perform multitaper spectral estimation.

abstract: PhD


title: Nitrification process in integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFFAS) system

contributor:
Liss, Steven N.
Environmental Studies

subject: IFFAS Wastewater Anammox Nitrification

abstract: Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-15 11:38:49.212

abstract:
The ammonia released from wastewater is a key factor in detrimental environment concerns such as eutrophication. Nitrogenous waste is most commonly removed from wastewater through biological means, typically involving the use of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and denitrifying bacteria (DEN). This study looked at alternative nitrification processes, including anaerobic ammonia oxidiation (anammox) reactions that may be innately present in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFFAS). Due to the unique characteristics of IFFAS configuration, the biofilm component allowed for anoxic zones, as well as higher biomass retention, both factors favouring the growth of anammox bacteria. One of the main goals of this thesis project was to look for the presence of anammox bacteria, which could be a group of microorganism that is involved in removal of ammonia and nitrite, in addition to the conventional nitrifiers found in the IFFAS system.

Through the use of batch experiments, the different forms of nitrogen in the microbial nitrogen cycle (ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) were measured over the course of the IFFAS reaction period, under aerated and non-aerated conditions. Subsequently, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) techniques were utilized to confirm anammox presence. Although, initial data from the batch experiment was strongly suggestive of anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the IFFAS system, the FISH experiments did not detect anammox bacteria. Incorporating data from a parallel experiment, it was possible that a different group of bacteria, known as Rhodanobacter, may be responsible for the AOB to NOB imbalance rather than anammox bacteria. Certain species of Rhodanobacter are able to utilize nitrite and nitrate as oxidizers in the denitrification process under anoxic conditions, which may be present in the biofilms of the IFFAS system. Therefore, it is possible that Rhodanobacter is involved in the removal of any excess nitrite produced by the higher levels of AOB in the IFFAS reactors.

abstract: M.E.S.


title: Devolution and Recentralization in the Canadian Immigration System: Theory, Causes, and Impacts

contributor:
Banting, Keith G.
Political Studies

subject:
immigration
Canadian politics
Canadian public olicy
federalism

abstract: Thesis (Ph.D, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-15 12:10:26.364

abstract:
Despite being an area of constitutionally concurrent responsibility, immigration policy was almost completely dominated by the federal government for much of Canada's history. This changed initially in Quebec, where after the Quiet Revolution a series of bilateral agreements granted the provincial government incrementally increasing responsibility over immigration, culminating in almost full devolution in 1991. However, soon after Quebec's journey toward devolution concluded, the journey of other provinces began. By the turn of the 21st century, every province was active — though to drastically varying degrees — in selection policy, many provinces were active in settlement policy, and two additional provinces had negotiated agreements giving them predominate control over the planning and funding of settlement policies, subject only to quite general federal guidelines. However, in an unusual move, the federal government announces in 2012 that it would terminate the devolution of settlement programming to the two provinces, and hinted at recentralization in selection policy as well.
This dissertation investigates this unusual episode in Canada's federal history. The chapters are guided by attempts to answer three principal analytical questions. First, why, after a century-long period of federal dominance in all areas of immigration policy did Canada move towards a system of asymmetrical devolution? Second, did this devolution have a substantive impact on the nature of selection and settlement policies; have the provincial approaches proved significantly different than the federal? Finally, third, why did this system change, leading to a recentralization of settlement policy, and potential for similar changes in selection policy? On top of these three questions, the dissertation also addresses, in the concluding chapter, a normative question which draws on answers to the other three questions. Namely, what level of centralization or decentralization will lead to the best immigrant selection and settlement policies in the Canadian context?

abstract: PhD


title: Physical Fighting and Fighting-Related Injuries in Canadian Adolescents: a Demographic Analysis and Assessment of the Effects of Family Affluence

contributor:
Davison, Colleen
Chen, Bingshu
Community Health and Epidemiology

subject:
Injury
Epidemiology
Physical Fighting
Adolescence
Family Affluence

abstract: Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-16 12:08:33.199

abstract:
BACKGROUND: Physical fighting is a concerning behaviour among adolescents and can lead to injury. Family affluence can influence adolescent injury, but its impact on injury has not been extensively explored in a fighting context.
OBJECTIVES:1) To describe the prevalence and trends of physical fighting and fighting-related injury in Canadian adolescents over time, 2) to examine the association between family affluence and the outcomes of physical fighting and fighting-related injury.
METHODS: Manuscript 1. Canadian data from cycles 2-6 of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study were used (N=61,465 grade 6-10 students). Cross-tabulations were used to calculate proportions and risk estimates by sex, grade, and self-perceived affluence. A trend analysis was conducted across time cycles.
Manuscript 2.  HBSC data from 2009/2010 were used (N=26,078). Poisson regression was performed to compare the risk of physical fighting and fighting-related injury at different affluence levels. Three affluence indicators were used: self-perceived affluence, family affluence scale (FAS), and area-level average household income.
RESULTS: Manuscript 1. A significant change was observed over time for physical fighting (Ptrend=0.015) and fighting-related injury overall (Ptrend<0.001). Although for fighting especially, more time-points are necessary to confidently determine the extent and direction of trend. Males were twice as likely to report both outcomes compared to females (p=0.001-0.044). There was a decreased risk of fight involvement from lower to higher grades (ptrend<0.001), but an increased risk for fighting-related injury with increasing grades (ptrend=0.001-0.261). Decreased affluence was associated with a higher risk of both outcomes (ptrend=0.001-0.913).
Manuscript 2. Patterns were generally similar in all three measurements, although the gradient strength varied for each measure. Self-perceived affluence showed a stronger inverse gradient in girls than boys. FAS showed a similar inverse gradient within females, and low FAS greatly influenced both outcomes in males. Area-level income only presented a significantly higher likelihood for fighting in females (low RR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.08-1.46), and insignificant associations with fighting-related injury.
CONCLUSION: Physical fighting and fighting-related injury have changed over time. Specific subgroups, especially those of lower affluence, are at higher risk for both outcomes. The strength of the association varied depending on which affluence measurement was used.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: How Training Development Officers Solve Novel Problems

contributor:
Stockley, Denise
Education

subject:
Adaptive Experts
Novel Problems

abstract: Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-15 18:27:18.747

abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore how Training Development Officers (TDOs) solve novel problems. Unlike other organizations, the military grows its talent. After enrolment in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), individuals are promoted to fill more senior positions. Senior positions are not filled by individuals outside of the CAF. Central to the education and training within the military is facilitating the development of expertise. Investigating qualitatively how officers solve novel problem can provide valuable insight into the development of expertise generally and also specifically within individual occupations within the military. The position of TDO was selected because TDOs serve as change agents and educational consultants for individual and collective operational performance. A hallmark of the TDO occupation is systematic thinking when providing advice, guidance, or facilitation. The purpose of this study was to explore: (a) how do TDOs characterize and identify novel problems within their occupation? and (b) how do TDOs respond to novel problems (i.e. transfer from automatic to effortful decision making)? Using Transfer and Adaptive Expertise paradigms, this study sought to understand how individuals are able to solve novel problems. This study identified that individuals are able to determine a problem is novel once forced to create a new approach to solve the solution. This goes beyond adapting or exporting a solution.  Individuals become effortful in order to plan their actions. Participants develop a plan that is flexible and involves an ongoing integrated and iterative process allowing a plan to be reexamined and reoriented as required.

abstract: M.Ed.


title: For the Community, By the Community: Working with Youth to Develop a Physical Activity Environment Assessment Tool for First Nations Communities

contributor:
Lévesque, Lucie L.
Kinesiology and Health Studies

subject:
First Nations health
Environment
Physical activity
Community-based participatory research
Two-Eyed Seeing
First Nations youth

abstract: Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-15 23:50:13.325

abstract: Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of physical activity (PA) for First Nations youth (Critchley et al., 2006; Tighe & McKay, 2012). It is also well-known that environmental factors like land-use mix and residential density play a critical role in the quality of PA opportunities available to youth (Ding, Sallis, Kerr, Lee, & Rosenberg, 2011). While the PA-environment link in urban centres is well understood, there has never been an exploration of the unique relationship First Nations youth have with their environment and how it might influence PA levels. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the PA-environment relationship with First Nations youth to inform the development of a culturally relevant PA environment assessment tool for First Nations communities. Methods: Using the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) and Two-Eyed Seeing, First Nations youth (n=14) were trained in the art of Photovoice to take photos that illustrate ways in which the environment influences their PA. Youth also completed the Rural Active Living Assessment (RALA) tool. Next, the youth were asked to join a talking circle to share their experience of PA opportunities in their community as well as to discuss the RALA tool. Talking circles were analyzed for themes using NVivo software for Windows. Results: Youth co-researchers indicated that the First Nations community environment influences their PA through multiple ecological levels. The organization of themes using the socio-ecological model demonstrates that youth PA is influenced by the environment from the interpersonal to the policy level. This conceptual model will be used in addition to RALA tool commentary provided by youth co-researchers to develop a PA environment assessment tool. Discussion: This study was the first to explore the PA-environment link in First Nations communities from a First Nations youth perspective in order to develop a culturally relevant PA environment assessment tool. The new tool, once validated, will be used to help community members strengthen current PA efforts and create culturally relevant opportunities to address ongoing challenges with youth PA participation. Future research is needed to refine, test, and validate items on the PA environment assessment tool.

abstract: M.Sc.


title: Trunk Water Main Failure Consequence Modelling During Normal, Peak and Fire Flow Conditions

contributor:
Filion, Yves R.
Civil Engineering

subject:
Social and Economic Consequences
Trunk Water Main
Water Distribution System
Fire Flow
Pipe Failure

abstract: Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-20 11:05:47.962

abstract:
Trunk water main failures pose a large risk to users as they often carry severe hydraulic, economic, and social consequences. The consequences can be increased when a fire event in the water distribution system coincides with a trunk water main failure event. Currently, municipalities have limited knowledge on the consequences associated with the failure of trunk water mains, as it has only recently emerged as an area of concern as water main assets reach or exceed their expected service life. Consequence modelling can provide municipalities with information to help with emergency planning and rehabilitation/replacement planning.
The aim of this thesis is to present a new methodology to characterize the consequences of trunk water main failures in water distribution systems. A new consequence index equation is used to calculate the severity of a failure event. A number of metrics were developed to characterize a range of consequences to the system and water users. A focus is placed on the hydraulic changes during water main failures and the ensuing consequences. The model examines failure during normal, peak and fire flow conditions in the network.
Two case studies were completed by applying the consequence model to the D-Town and City of Kingston water distribution systems. The purpose of these studies is to demonstrate the effectiveness of consequence modelling and provide the City of Kingston with information regarding trunk water main failures in their system, and thus help prevent high consequence events. An investigation of the relationship between pipe properties (location, pipe diameter, pipe length, proximity to large components) and consequence severity provided insight into trunk water main failure events. The results of these studies suggest that the location of the trunk water main failure is the largest contributing factors to the severity of consequence.

abstract: M.A.Sc.


title: Investigating the role of Neuropeptide Y infusions to the dorsal hippocampus in mediating behaviour in several animal models of anxiety

contributor:
Menard, Janet L.
Psychology

subject:
Neuropeptide Y
Dorsal hippocampus
rats
anxiety

abstract: Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2014-10-21 14:14:03.576

abstract: Both Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the dorsal hippocampus have consistently been found to regulate anxiety-related behaviours in both humans and animals. However, although the dorsal hippocampus contains a high concentration of NPY receptors very little research has examined the effect of NPY infusions into the dorsal hippocampus on anxiety-like behaviours. The current study tested the hypothesis that acute injection of NPY into the dorsal hippocampus decreases anxiety-like behaviours. To test this hypothesis, bilateral infusion of 1.5 ug/side of NPY (n = 7) or sterile water vehicle (n = 8) into the rat dorsal hippocampus was followed by behavioural testing in three animal models of anxiety: i.e., the elevated plus-maze, novelty-induced suppression of feeding and shock-probe burying test.  NPY-treated rats displayed no significant differences in behaviour in all three animal models of anxiety. Although the results of the current study did not support the hypothesis that NPY injection will reduce anxiety-like behaviours, a thorough review of the literature provides ample support for further investigation in this area.

abstract: M.Sc.