title: The Turning of the Listener: Musical Media and the Change of Experience

contributor:
Rockwell, Geoffrey M.
Music Criticism

subject: Music Music

abstract: To turn is to arrive. The turning of the music listener documents the arrival of a new kind of music listener turned with the advent of sound reproduction technologies in the late nineteenth century, a music listener shaped by their interaction with the material forms of music consumption more than ever before. This work discusses the material forms of music consumption across three epochs which all heralded major turns for the music listener: the gramophone record (its pre-1945 manifestations), the compact disc, and the iPod and music file. Historical discussions of the introduction of new technologies of sound reproduction are discussed alongside music listener discourse on their experiences with mediated music listening. Furthermore, the social constructions of the major technologies in each epoch are discussed, highlighting the cultural situatedness of their development. In addition to a thorough overview of conceptualizations of mediated sound as they relate to music listening experiences, and discussions of influential work on this topic, changes in the way music listeners experience music are discussed, reflecting upon the cultural and technological mediation responsible for these changes. Changes in the way music listeners own and collect music, as well as changes in the space and place of music listening are revealed in each epoch, as well as the influence of technologies of inscription on music listening experiences. Along with a methodology of Internet research, computer-assisted text analysis is used to identify major changes in the iPod epoch for music listeners, as evident in blog discourse on iPod use.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Styrene

contributor:
Laposa, J.D.
Chemistry

subject: Chemistry Chemistry

abstract:
The infrared and Raman spectra of liquid styrene, styrene-d₃, styrene-d₅ and styrene-d₈ have been analyzed. Assignments have been made for the 42 normal modes of vibration in each molecule. The fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra of solutions of the four isotopic styrenes have been studied in a polycrystalline methylcyclohexane matrix at 77 K. Vibrational analysis of the fluorescence spectra indicate that the Ā state of styrene is planar. The Ā-X transition moment is a-axis polarized, in contrast to what has been found in several other monosubstituted benzenes. The fluorescence excitation spectra have also been vibrationally analyzed, and several excited state fundamental frequencies have been assigned.

The fluorescence decay time and quantum yield of each of the four styrenes have been determined, in cyclohexane at room temperature and in 3-methylpentane at room temperature and at 77 K. The radiative rate constant is essentially independent of isotope, solvent and temperature. The non-radiative rate constant decreases only very slightly upon deuteration and by about 50% upon cooling. These results are compared with similar data of a related compound, trans-stilbene.

Triplet-triplet electronic energy transfer studies at 77K using acetophenone as sensitizer indicate the presence of rapid non-radiative decay pathway from triplet styrene.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Mortgage Financing and Default. A Case Study of Hamilton, Ontario, 1901-1951

contributor:
Harris, R. S.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Residential financing has enabled many individuals to become home owners, who might otherwise have been forced to rent. The changes that have occurred in Canada's housing policies and the Canadian mortgage market have had a significant impact on how homes are financed today. This thesis examines the impact the Depression has had on home ownership and residential financing. There are two aspects to this thesis. The first sets the context by examining residential financing between 1901 to 1951. The second focuses on the 1930's, and especially the incidence of mortgage default.

Through the use of Registry records and Assessment rolls it is possible to observe the proportion of homes that were mortgaged by age of structure, tenure, and occupation of 'head' of household. This analysis uses Hamilton, during the first half of this century, as a case study. During this time, a greater proportion of dwelling units were owned outright as opposed to being mortgaged. However, financing did play a significant role, especially in the 1920's. Private financing was the dominant source of mortgage finance but this decreased in importance from 1921 to 1951 as institutions became more active. The Depression did have a significant impact on the financing of dwellings during the 1930's and indeed into the 1950's. Not only did the Depression affect the ability of home property, it initiated the first real government intervention in the housing and mortgage markets through the introduction of various housing policies and legislation.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: DATING AND PROVENANCING OF SHERDS FROM FIVE BALSAM LAKE AREA SITES

contributor:
Ramsden, Peter G.
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This thesis provides additional insight on the occupation of the upper Trent River valley of Ontario by Iroquoian people during the period of approximately one hundred years that preceded the eventual consolidation of the Huron Confederacy in Simcoe County. The data are obtained by means of an archaeometric analysis of ceramic sherds recovered at late Iroquoian sites located in the Balsam Lake area. The results of the research support the hypothesis that these communities were impacted by the early effects of European trade. Dating of the ceramic by thermo luminescence confirms and refines the chronological sequence for these sites suggested previously by others through stylistic analysis. Determination of ceramic fabric composition by trace element analysis supports the proposed transition of the interactions between the local population and the St. Lawrence Iroquois from trading relationships to eventual absorption of the latter into the local Huron communities.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Orientation to Work: An Investigation into the Relationship Betwen Work Values and Job Satisfaction

contributor:
Rosenblum, G.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis describes an, attempt to develop a causal analysis of the concept of job satisfaction by answering "what is job satisfaction?" Two competing approaches have been identified in the literature. Firstly, a socio-technical approach which argues that the technological framework of an enterprise is a fundamental determinant of what an employee does at work and the amount of interest and satisfaction he derives from his job. Although, the importance of this approach is acknowledged, the author contends that, it fails to take account of a worker's orientation to work which determines how he perceives the job situation and those rewards he will value. An alternative approach, the social action approach which provides the framework for this thesis contends that in order to understand the causal basis of job satisfaction, the way a worker orders his wants and expectation relative to the employment situation, should be the most important independent variable that a sociological perspective should advance in any theoretical model of job satisfaction. This conceptualization gave rise to the hypothesis that; "Job Satisfaction is a positive function of attainment of work values. The more important the value, the more strongly will job satisfaction depend on its fulfillment". Although the hypothesis was supported, work-value contingency explains only 8 percent of the variation in job satisfaction. Moreover. it was not able to affect the relationship between technology and job satisfaction which indicates that the sociology-technical approach might hold more explanatory power. This was explained as a result of the measurement of orientation to work lacking construct validity. In order to provide support for the social action approach it is suggested that future researchers should adhere to Bennet's admonition that no single method should be used to measure orientation to work.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Simone Weil on the Need for Loyalty: A Consideration of The Need for Roots

contributor:
Goldstein, Marshall N.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: Simone Weil wrote The Need for Roots in 1943 to explain how France could be returned to her people after the war. While this was her immediate interest, the concerns she raises are applicable to modem society in general. Weil suggests that the seeming despair and hopelessness bestowed upon human beings can be attributed to a condition that she describes as "uprootedness". Owing largely to industrialization, money, and the rise of the nation-state, individuals are no longer connected in time and space to anything. They are beings without a history, driven by blind ambition and egoism, and hence no understanding of who and what they are. The problem revealed in The Need for Roots is that modern society leaves no room for an authentic expression of loyalty. The tragic outcome, however, is that individuals come to love the state because there is nothing else to love. Individuals find themselves living in "democracies" in which everything connected with public life is despised. They are cut off from all environments that might otherwise enable them some control over their lives and a point of reference for determining who and what they are. This thesis examines what Weil means by Il0yatty", why it might be important, and how it can occupy a place in modern society. Weil suggests that a life devoid of loyalty is a life devoid of meaning and hope and yet this is the condition in which modem society finds itself. In the past 50 years, the main focus of study on Weil has been her religious writings. This thesis attempts to examine her political ideas as they come to bear in The Need for Roots. The intention of the thesis is not to pass judgement on Weil's ideas, which are often other-worldly and some would argue idealistic, but to give serious consideration to her civic mindedness.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Backstage Pass: An Ethnographic Study of an Emergent Blues Scene

contributor:
White, P.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis uses barroom activities to explore the social production of space and identity. The study centres on the inception of a blues music bar in Oshawa, Ontario. The purpose of the research is to approach a better understanding of the various ideas, meanings, contentions, and strategies involved with the creation of a blues music idioculture. Particular emphasis is placed on the micro level practices of identifying and reworking blues music traditions. Recognizing the variability of definitions of blues tradition, participants in this study, through their everyday interactions, negotiate a working consensus that affirms their tastes and interests. The traditional ideal of "authenticity" is appropriated into an ideological style of representation. As a constructed style, authenticity empowers patrons with a social and cultural power over meanings. By and large, individuals conferred with an "insider" status have a greater stake in the creation of barroom meanings and activities. To become an insider, fans and musicians endure a series of stages and rituals meant to assess their loyalty to others. Insiders manage an impression of themselves as committed to the bar's semantic code of representational authenticity. Thus, this thesis uses the dramaturgy of barroom interactions to illustrate processes of subcultural creation and modification. Through their everyday negotiations, fans and musicians construct an articulative practice that encapsulates local identities and perspectives.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Hannah Arendt's Critique of Modemity: The Reversal of Action and Contemplation

contributor:
Planinc, Zdravko
Religious Studies

subject: Religion Religion

abstract: This study is comprised of an exegesis and critical assessment of Hannah Arendt's account of modernity in the final chapter of The Human Condition. In this crucial chapter, Arendt contends that behind the manifest changes of the modem revolution is a reversal of the traditional relationship between the vita activa and the vita contemplativa. Particular attention is paid to Arendt's critique of modem science, Cartesian philosophy, and her claim that three axiomatic events stand at the threshold of the modem period and determine its character.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: And A Child Shall Lead Them

contributor:
Dumbrill, Gary
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: A child's view of their community and what they identify as community issues can offer useful knowledge in community organizing. This involvement is supported by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which asserts that children should have an opportunity to voice their opinions in matters that affect their lives. Unfortunately, children are rarely included in community organizing. This thesis explores ways children can be involved in community organizing. Focus groups with children ages 5-10 were conducted in the North End community of Hamilton, Ontario. In these groups, children spoke of ways they viewed their community and communicated these issues through art, photography and play. The study shows the potential of this method as a means to facilitate the authentic involvement of children in community organizing.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: "The Wind From Below": The Zapatista Movement and Independent Unionism in Mexico.

contributor:
Rethmann, Petra
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: This thesis is an exploration of what I term the "moment of coincidence" between the Zapatista movement and the independent labour movement in Mexico. The analysis presented here is a product of both research surrounding the Zapatista movement itself as well as six weeks of fieldwork conducted in Mexico City with members of the independent labour movement during July and August of 2000. The phenomenon which has emerged from my research and which I have called the "moment of coincidence" is both the central metaphor and analytical tool within this thesis. As I will argue throughout this work, the "moment of coincidence" exists as a point of intersection between diverse and multiple social movements, each with their own disparate agendas, yet each finding themselves somehow galvanized and united, albeit loosely, at a particular moment in time and by a particular event or series of events. In this case, I argue that it is the Zapatista movement that has served as the catalyst, inspiration, and imagination for this "moment of coincidence" among diverse social movements in Mexico. In tum., this "moment of coincidence" has led to profound challenges to the existing system of social, political., and economic relations in Mexico based as it is upon a radically democratic and inclusive politics. The purpose of this work is ultimately to attempt to illuminate some of the political and social possibilities which have and continue to emerge from this "moment of coincidence" and the alternatives they offer not only for politics of dissent or resistance, but for the envisioning of new social worlds.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: European Imperatives and the Welfare State

contributor:
Chandler, William
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: The study of social policy within the context of the European Union has mostly been analysed from a supranational view. This thesis will assess the impact of European integration on national welfare state and thus will analyse how the supranational institution affects the social policies of member states. This thesis will discuss the impact of European integration, and more specifically the European Monetary Union (EMU), on the welfare state of five countries (Italy, Germany, Sweden, UK and France). The sectors of old-age pensions and health care were chosen as representative of the welfare state. Since the five countries belong to three different welfare regimes, as classified by Esping-Andersen (1990), the responses to the new challenge of EMU will, in most cases, vary accordingly. Nevertheless, because the analysis of the welfare state remains a national issue, there are still some striking differences in the way countries respond to a new challenge such as EMU. It is argued that the EU has had some impacts on the welfare states of the five countries studied.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Reservations About Democracy: The Deposition ofIndian Chiefs and Councilors in Ontario, 1897 to 1944

contributor:
Satzewich, Victor
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: The elective form of band governance that was imposed on Indian people was part of Canadian Indian policy. The purpose of this policy, from the development of the Indian Act in 1876 to the 1950s, was protection, civilization and assimilation. The government attempted to teach Indian people European values so that they would renounce their traditional ways and assimilate into the general Canadian population. One area in which European values were to be taught was politics. Indian people were introduced to the democratic form of electing chiefs and councilors. The limited amount of responsibility given to these elected officials was intended to give Indians limited control over their own affairs and to introduce them to the Euro-Canadian definition of the democratic process. Those government officials who were given the task as guardians of Indian people were also given the authority to relieve chiefs and councilors from their positions on four grounds. This study focuses on how the legislation regarding the deposition of chiefs and councilors was used; by whom, how frequently, and whether it was used as a weapon of social control. By examining the correspondence between government officials and their superiors at Indian Affairs headquarters in Ottawa, I found that not only were government officials using the legislation, but so too were Indian people. Although Indian people provided more recommendations for deposition, Indian agents had a higher rate of successful depositions. During the time frame studied, there were a low number of dep0sitions and government officials did not appear as though they were motivated by social and political differences. This study does demonstrate that Indian people had some control over their leadership in the form of band council, but it was still limited by the larger system of control imposed by Canadian government officials.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Canadian Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: A Discrete Choice Analysis Approach

contributor:
Anderson, William P.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Today, nations of the world are economically interdependent of one another. Nowhere is this linkage of domestic economies more evident than between the United States and Canada. Trade and investment between the two countries is the largest in the world. Many Canadians are aware of the importance of the trade that flows between the two countries. Many Canadian are also aware of the huge presence of American multinational enterprises within Canada. However, few appreciate the extent of investment by Canadian firms in the United States.

To understand the importance of Canadian investment in the Untied States, it is essential to understand where Canadian parent companies invest. Or put another way, it is important to know the spatial distribution of Canadian subsidiaries throughout the Untied States. After examining the dispersal of subsidiaries, further questions can follow. The main focus of this thesis is to determine why Canadians invest where they do.

Through the use of a discrete choice analysis it was concluded that Canadian investment in the United States was attracted to the larger American market, accessibility to international inputs and markets, a skilled labor force, and regions with a greater and expanding work force. On the other hand, as unionization, distance, and corporate tax rates increased, the probability of FDI decreased.

FDI in the United States was also separated into large investments and small investments. It was concluded that large investments were attracted to labour with higher skills compared to small investments while poverty and average pay were deemed less important. On the other hand, there was a greater attraction by small investments to states with greater populations and shoreline. As distance increased, small investments experienced a greater decrease when compared to large investments

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Connecting the Dots: Linking Oppression & Frustration

contributor:
Lee, Bill
Social Work

subject:
Social Work
Social Work

abstract: This thesis seeks to address two questions: How does it happen that a community can evolve from a safe, vibrant neighbourhood filled with optimistic people to one that is crime-ridden and full of withdrawn individuals? And how are people born with the same hopes and dreams as the majority of American society so shaped by their experience that the majority now calls them stupid, lazy and violent? It asserts that the answers to these questions can be found in the experience of denied self and environmental efficacy felt by many persons marginalised in today's society that is oppression. Also important is the accompanying experience of internalised oppression which is the psychological state in which a person believes that him/herself and his/her social group are inferior to the dominant social group, as well as the self destructive behaviours that often contribute to a person's continued oppression and to the dominant group's view of that person as inferior (Mullaly, 2002). This thesis will suggest that the mechanism that frames the processes of oppression and of internalised oppression is the feelings of frustration that result each time a person is marginalised and discriminated against in attaining hislher goals in life. It will also suggest that the behaviours that result from this frustration can be understood using Maier's (1949) theory of frustration-instigated behaviour. Understanding oppression, internalised oppression and frustration in this way, recommendations are made for long-term social policies that address the roots of oppression rather than the destructive behaviours and in which marginalised people have control and choice.

abstract: Master of Social Work (MSW)


title: Determinants and public health effects of food cost and availability in two neighborhoods of Hamilton, Ontario

contributor:
Moffat, Tina
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: Diet can powerfully shape human health. Biocultural theory suggests that variation in the cost and availability of food is one factor that affects the health of individuals of differing affluence in dissimilar ways. Though appreciation for the importance of social determinants of healthy eating is growing, very few Canadian studies address links between economic and nutritional variation. To partially address this knowledge gap, this thesis employs a mixed-methods approach including mapping, interviews, face-to-face surveys, and surveys of food cost and availability to investigate whether the cost and availability of food varies between socioeconomically distinct areas of Hamilton, Ontario, and how these differences, if they exist, might differently influence public health in the two areas. Food cost was not found to vary between the two areas, though the availability of food, especially produce, differed. It is suggested that reduced food availability, along with lower incomes and reduced access to transportation, combine to make purchasing foods consistent with a healthy diet more difficult in the less-affluent study area. Interviews with public health workers suggest that this, in conjunction with divergent shopping habits, negatively influences public health in the less-affluent area, but robust quantitative public health data to support or disprove this assertion are lacking at present. As low-income is a strong determinant of inadequate diets, economic approaches designed to make healthy diets more affordable for and readily available to lower-income Canadians are discussed. Links between economics and nutrition are complex; future research into the determinants of healthy eating will need to take into account the dietary, linguistic, and cultural diversity found in contemporary Canadian society, along with temporal and spatial variation in food cost and availability.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Intrametropolitan Location of New Office Finns in Metropolitan Toronto

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
This thesis attempts to unveil the underlying determinants of the geography of office location by examining the intrametropolitan location decisions of new office establishments in major industrial categories. Its empirical focus is the locations of new office establishments in metropolitan Toronto for the year 1995.

The specific objectives of the thesis are (i) to identify own-industry and inter-industry office clusters and, (ii) to identify the most significant factors responsible for major office industries locating in Toronto. Thus, the methodology is in two parts. The first part of the study addresses the first objective by utilizing powerful spatial statistical techniques. Spatial statistics are introduced as a new methodology for office and business location research. Kernel estimation and univariate K function techniques are conducted on twenty distinct office activity point patterns (i.e., event patterns) to identify the existence and geographic locations of intra-industry office clusters. Specifically, the K function is used to detect whether locational patterns are clustered, or alternatively, dispersed. Bivariate K functions are conducted to determine if inter-industry office activities are interacting.

The second part of the thesis attempts to further office location research by developing and testing an office location model to identify potential factors that might influence office location in Toronto. The analysis is similar to that of Thlanfeldt and Raper (1990) and Shukla and Waddell (1991). It utilizes a multinomial logit model to estimate the effects of a set of explanatory variables defined as determinants of spatial choice. Real estate zones are used to characterize the set of alternatives available to profit maximizing firms. Unlike previous studies, this research uses dis aggregated firm level data for twenty-two different office activity types. Logit models are estimated individually for each activity type.

Results indicate that the event patterns formed by all office industries in metropolitan Toronto are clustered in distinct office nodes and centres located throughout the city. Furthermore, significant interactions exist among certain pairs of office activities indicating the presence of possible agglomeration economies. Logit results confirm the existence of agglomeration economies among similar office activity functions. The results also display marginal evidence of polycentric locational tendencies in most activities. The results confirm the findings of previous studies which indicate that locational patterns of office activities in Canadian cities are unlike those in American cities.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Education and Labour Market Experiences: A Case Study of Sociology Graduates

contributor:
Synge, Jane
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: A survey of graduates of the Sociology program at McMaster was designed in order to provide up to date information on the education and career paths of graduates. Specifically, this 1998 telephone survey (n=306) was used to elicit post-graduate employment and also education and training experiences, methods of seeking employment, satisfaction with current employment and employment prospects, salary levels, and views regarding the Sociology program and the extent to which it prepared students for employment. Included in the survey were those who graduated between 1992 and 1997 (the next to the most recent graduating class), thus providing information on six years of graduates. A 50 percent random sample of those whose telephone numbers and addresses were available was selected. Four-hundred and six telephone interviews were attempted, and 306 were completed. The survey covered a large portion (37%) of the 1092 who graduated from McMaster's Sociology department with B.A., M.A., and Ph.D.s between 1992 and 1997. From this survey, it is clear that McMaster's Sociology graduates are using their training in Sociology in a variety of employment contexts and that they are making use of it within a wide range of educational programs. The majority had pursued further education following graduation. Most of those who continued their education did so at the university level and, as one would expect, the Bachelor of Education (Teaching Certificate) was a very popular option. Others pursued university certificates and college diplomas. There was great variety in the educational programs that respondents entered. Four out of five of those who graduated with a B.A. in Sociology are women. About half of those who graduated with M.A.s and Ph.D.s are women. There was some evidence of gender segregation, labour market segmentation and underemployment of Sociology graduates. Women were disproportionately affected. The findings of this study support earlier research that suggests that people with degrees in the Social Sciences are faring quite well in the job market. The great majority are employed and their occupations and their income levels are in keeping with those reported in other surveys of Social Science graduates. However, given that about half are employed in the public sector and in the nonprofit sector, fluctuations in levels of government support for social programs, education, and for health services certainly affect the employment opportunities of Sociology graduates. The Sociology program is not a highly selective program and some who entered would have preferred to enter other more selective programs, for example, Social Work. This thesis provides information on the other programs favoured by Sociology students and the proportions that would have entered other programs were they able to choose their majors again. Again, patterns are in keeping with those found elsewhere in Canada. Many of these graduates are anxious about their opportunities in the labour market. Some of them question the value of additional schooling. Some of those who already have jobs must decide whether to upgrade their skills or acquire new ones. This study will help answer their questions. Suggestions regarding the design of future surveys and additional questions that might be included in future surveys are presented.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Transformation of Space and Place Through Homework: The Experiences of Female Home-Based Workers

contributor:
Chouinard, Vera
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
This feminist and geographic study is an exploratory qualitative analysis of the lived experiences of female home-based workers as they are confronted with the challenge of collapsing home and work lives and spaces. In this thesis a focus on the everyday lives of women homeworkers reveals complex experiences of the transformation of space and place through homework. In-depth interviews with 20 women homeworkers, doing white-collar work, in Hamilton and surrounding regions were used in this study to investigate the experiences of this group of waged workers. This study challenges the neglect of the homework issue in the geographic literature to date and demonstrates the need for ongoing interdisciplinary research on this issue.

In examining the experiences of women homeworkers this study looks at various Issues. These are: women's satisfaction/dissatisfaction with homework, reasons for doing home-based work, social and spatial isolation, the devaluation homeworkers face, the gendered division of labour, the construction of a work space, the integration of women's roles, the meaning of the home for homeworkers, representations of homework as a child care strategy, or as a means of providing homeworkers with flexibility in combining home and work roles, or providing personal autonomy, and social and economic vulnerability in doing homework. In understanding these issues and the diverse and complex ways women experience homework this study has four main objectives. One, to investigate some of the social processes/forces shaping those experiences in a specific time and place, in order to build on and contribute to the work in feminist geography on the general socialist feminist and geographic theory of women and work. In doing so, this study focuses on both gender relations of power within the household (or family) and society at large as socially constructed relations of dominance and inequality between the sexes, and class relations as those relations which give rise to a set of positions within the class structure. Two, to explore the experiences of homeworkers by providing a better understanding of the reality of home-based work and the lives of women doing such work. This is done by: one, accounting for the differences between homeworkers and how: this can affect their experience; and two, listening to the voices of female homeworkers who are sharing their homework experience. Three, to construct this research as part of the aim for social change in making this group of workers more visible within society, this study aims to assess homework and the degree to which it is a progressive or regressive strategy for women to undertake. Lastly, to incorporate geographical aspects to the study of homework, by illustrating the importance of space and place in understanding the transformation of the home space.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Multinational Corporations and the State in Conflict: Structural Power and Domestic Structures as Determinants of Outcome

contributor:
Porter, Tony
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: Multinational corporations have been the source of contention and debate for several decades, among academics and politicians alike. Much of the discourse over multinationals has focussed on their perceived impacts on state sovereignty or deciphering whether they are harmful or beneficial to states. However, contending approaches provide us with little understanding of the sources of their power. This thesis approaches conflicts between multinational corporations and states with this as its central query. The three cases - Union Carbide in Bhopal, India; Toshiba Corporation and the United States; and pharmaceutical multinationals in Canada - are examined, collectively and individually, so as to evaluate the various prevailing approaches and assumptions regarding the power of multinational corporations. Although it is recognized that these approaches have their merits, the case studies strongly affirm the value and necessity of incorporating other factors into an analysis of the power of a multinational corporation during a conflict with a state. As such, the case studies establish that, in instances of contention with a state, structural power and domestic structures are more cogent determinants of outcomes, or power, of a multinational corporation than are traditional methods of evaluating power.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: An Orchid in the Swamp: Traditional Medicine, Healing, and Identity at an Urban Aboriginal Community Health Center

contributor:
Warry, Wayne
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract:
Historically, Aboriginal perceptions of health and well-being emphasized the need for a collective balance among mind, body, spirit, emotion, and the environment. Illness and disease are believed to be caused by a disruption to this balance. Thus, traditional health practices are utilized to restore balance to either maintain or enhance overall health and well-being. This study examines how access to Anishnawbe Health Toronto, an Aboriginal community health center that offers traditional health practices within a multidisciplinary health care model affects urban Aboriginal health. In particular I examined the various facets of Aboriginal identity and how identity impacts the overall health and well-being of urban Aboriginal people. Specifically, I examined how Aboriginal identity is reaffirmed or established within the context of an urban Aboriginal community health care center and how identity affects the overall health and well-being of the clientele.

Through one to one open-ended interviews with the clients, traditional healers, traditional counselors, and biomedical practitioners four main themes emerged. The first theme concerns the establishment of Aboriginal ancestral descent among the clients. In addition to being a requirement to access the services at the center, it serves as a starting point for the establishment of an Aboriginal identity. The second theme concerns the establishment of an Aboriginal spirit name. The receiving of a spirit name serves as a spiritual foundation for an Aboriginal identity. The third theme focuses on the accumulation of Indigenous knowledge and its contribution to the establishment of an Aboriginal cultural identity. The fourth theme concerns the perception of Anishnawbe Health as a bounded Aboriginal community and its significance to the clientele. Through my analysis of these four themes I conclude that the establishment of an Aboriginal cultural identity has a positive effect on the overall health and well-being of urban Aboriginal people.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: VARIATIONS ON A THEME: THE CARSON SITE

contributor:
Ramsden, Peter
Herring, D. Ann
Anthropology

subject: Anthropology Anthropology

abstract: Using the recently excavated data from the Carson site (BcGw-9), near Barrie, Ontario, a re-examination of large Lalonde focus (c. A.D. 1400-15(0) ceramic collections was undertaken. Statistical evaluation of the data led to the demonstration that: 1) samples taken only &om middens are inadequate for a thorough understanding of Ontario Iroquois prehistory; 2)that there is much more variation among Lalonde sites than was previously acknowledged. Further, a proposed chronology of six Lalonde sites is presented, based on the clustering of sites using 95% confidence limits as a statistical methodology.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: A Study of Societal Conditions Related to the Rise of the Albertan Western Separatist Movement in 1980

contributor:
Matthews, Ralph
Jones, Frank
Atkinson, Michael
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This study is an in depth examination of societal conditions related to the rise of the Albertan western separatist movement" during 1980-. The paradigm chosen to analyze Albertan societal conditions was from Neil J. Smelser's Theory of Collective Behavior. To operationalize the given paradigm, Maurice Pinard's theory of one party dominance, James C. Davies' theory of revolution, and the concept of 'issues' were employed. In comparison to Saskatchewan and Ontario, only Alberta's federal and provincial political party systems were characterized by the condition of one-party dominance. A sudden state of uncertainty, a revision of Davies' theory of revolution, likewise prevailed exclusively within Alberta. In addition, Alberta underwent greater social changes during the 1970's. These findings indicated further that Alberta's political, economic, and social conditions seemingly combined to produce a pre-conducive state for the re-emergence of the western separatist movement in that province.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Weighted Norm Inequalities and Homogeneous Spaces

contributor:
Heinig, Doctor H.P.
Mathematics

subject: Mathematics Mathematics

abstract:
This thesis considers weighted norm inequalities. We characterize those pairs of weight functions for which a mixed norm version of the Hardy inequalities hold and apply these results to certain well known operators.

The two weight problem for weak boundedness of certain fractional maximal functions is solved and we give a new necessary condition for strong type boundedness of the fractional maximal and fractional integral operators. Under an additional assumption our condition is shown to be sufficient.

Many of these results are true in the setting of the homogeneous spaces of Calderon. Proofs of this together with some L log L type results are given.

The space of functions of bounded mean oscillation (BMO) is defined on a homogenous space. Under certain conditions BMO and BMOʳ (0

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Does Gender Matter?: An Empirical Analysis of the Social Construction of Ecological Metaphon

contributor:
Matthews, David Ralph
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis investigates the interpretive capacities of the theory of social constructionism as explained by Berger and Luckmann and Alfred Schutz, and the theory of environmental aestheticism proposed by Arnold Berleant, by empirically examining the general, intrinsic, and instrumental values ofa selected sample of Hamilton Harbour watershed residents. We use ecofeminist theory to propose that gender, as a social construct, affects the formation of ecological metaphors. Our primary intention was to determine whether or not men and women valued the environment in different ways. Despite bivariate and multivariate analysis, we found neither sex to have stronger environmental values than the other. However, we found that an increase in education was associated with a pro-environmental ethic. In a further analysis, we found that men are not strongly affected by household income, education, parental status, or residential location, in their constructions of general, intrinsic or instrumental values. For women, an increase in education is strongly associated with the social construction of proecological metaphors. A central factor in the construction of environmental values appears to be level of formal education. This emerges as an interesting finding which clearly points to ways in which we can promote the emergence of a community wide appreciation of the environment, therefore leading to its conservation and restoration.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Polyptych of Saint Germain-des-Pres: peasant agriculture and commerce in the ninth century Paris Basin

contributor:
Kaczynski, B.
Trueman, J.
History

subject: History History

abstract: Using the Polyptych of Saint Germain-des-Prés as a source, this study examines the nature and extent of peasant involvement in the marketplace in the ninth century Paris basin. A minority of the 1556 manses in the sample were found to be involved in commercial agriculture, paying cash rents which seem to have been raised mainly by the sale of wine. Some manses were found to have vineyards with productive capacities well in excess of reasonable domestic need, suggesting a regular and planned surplus. Involvement in the marketplace was found to exacerbate economic inequalities within the ranks of the dependent peasantry.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Joining Trade Associations: British and Canadian Experiences

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Trade blocs are becoming very significant in the world economy as countries increasingly find it difficult to maintain economic and political power on an individual basis. Britain and Canada are two countries who have recently chosen to join one of these blocs; Britain joining the European Economic Community in 1973 and Canada joining the North American Free Trade Area in 1988. Although the two countries took similar action, their experiences were in many ways quite different, which makes comparing the two cases particularly interesting.

First, the historical evidence for both Britain and Canada is examined. The way in which each has developed its past and present international trade relations has considerable bearing upon how it perceives itself in the world and therefore the role it might be prepared to play in a trade association. Second, the methodological evidence is considered. The type of economic models, and the philosophical framework behind them, which a country's analysts use to determine what the likely impacts from trade bloc accession will be, are particularly indicative of that country's national priorities, and often show what its government hopes to gain from any agreement which has been made.

From the comparison of the two countries' experiences, emerges a unifying theme; namely that both their historical trade relations and their methodological approaches can be explained by reference to their, and their analysts', situation in time and· space. This finding therefore has encouraging implications for the possibility of, establishing a uniquely geographical approach to the study of such complex phenomena as international trade associations.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Experience of Happiness: A Sociological Investigation

contributor:
Brymer, R.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract:
The following study attempts to investigate the emotion of happiness from a sociological perspective. By developing an interactional model integrating social definitions of the self, cognitive definitions of emotion and various cultural beliefs, this fundamental emotion is examined in detail.

Of central concern in this endeavor is a fourfold typology of perceptual and evaluative beliefs that individuals hold in relation to the self that enable them to both passively experience and consciously manage happiness/ unhappiness. When these beliefs are looked at in light of the self, it becomes apparent that different typical beliefs may be more effective with respect to the different roles occupied by individuals. Moreover, individuals may move between different typical beliefs to adjust to present interactional circumstances.

This theoretical model is then operationalized by qualitatively examining the beliefs that a variety of single individuals exhibit regarding dating and relationships.

The results of this effort demonstrate a new, sociological approach to the study of human happiness, with a variety of research implications for philosophy, the sociology of emotion, the structure of the self, and role theory.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Canada and Quebec: Different Responses by Labour to Free Trade, 1983 - 1995.

contributor:
Wells, Don
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
This study explores the responses of labour in English Canada and in Quebec to the Canada - U.S. Free Trade Agreement [FTA]; to the North America Free Trade Agreement [NAFTA]; and to the neo-liberal agenda of business and (federal) government for whom labour saw free trade as "the centrepiece." The thesis challenges conventional theories, principally that labour's response to free trade is governed by economics. Rather, political outlooks are key to labour's very different responses in English Canada and Quebec.

In the anti-FTA campaign, both union movements adopted positions of opposition, though for different reasons and with important differences in emphasis and approach. In the anti-NAFTA struggle, Quebec labour modified its opposition. It participated in the process of trying to inject a social dimension into the NAFTA's side deals, while English-Canadian labour rejected any accommodation to NAFTA, which it treated as a "conditioning framework". Neither approach worked: the side deals approved were cosmetic. However, following the 1993 election and proposals to turn NAFTA into an hemispheric agreement, English-Canadian labour came around in 1995 to the Québécois position.

The thesis points to major errors made by English-Canadian labour including: adopting the nationalist outlook of the anti-free trade coalition it helped to build and finance, yet over which labour lost control; de-linking itself from the NDP and undermining it in two federal elections, 1988 and 1993; and limiting its options by posing free trade as a "doomsday" issue.

The thesis also examines the connection between free trade, full employment, and independence in Quebec. The proposition is analyzed that, for Quebec labour, free trade may yet turn out to be a "liberating framework".

The argument is developed with reference to union documents, union newspapers, and interviews with union and political leaders.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Synthesis and switchability study of amidine-containing vinyl monomers and their polymers

contributor:
Zhu, Shiping
Chemical Engineering

subject: Amidine-containing

subject: CO2-responsive

subject: switchability

subject: conductivity

subject: Polymer Science

subject: Polymer Science

abstract:
In this thesis work, two new CO2-responsive monomers have been synthesized. These amidine-containing monomers were prepared in a simple and effective one-step reaction, giving a very high yield (98.5 %) of product. Furthermore, there was no complicated further purification required to obtain the highly pure product. The CO2 switchability, conductivity and partitioning of the monomers were measured. It was confirmed that the monomers could be protonated CO2 in the present of trace amount of water and reversibly switched back and forth to their natural forms by N2 at room temperature.

The polymers having different molecular weights were prepared from one monomer via conventional free radical polymerization method. The polymers also showed the reversible switchability property with CO2 and N2 stimuli. This was confirmed by the results of conductivity and partitioning tests. Temperature showed a major influence on the conductivity of the monomer and polymers. The effect of molecular weight on the polymer switchability of was further investigated through conductivity tests and potentiometric titration. The conductivity decreased with the increased molecular weight. The apparent equilibrium constant (pKa) decreased with the degree of protonation (δ) suggesting that the basicity of the polymers is strongly depended on the value of δ.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Aspects of metabolism and energy use in aging as impacted by a complex dietary supplement.

contributor:
Rollo, CD
Parise, G
McClelland, GB
Biology

subject:
aging
diet
energy
metabolism
antioxidant
longevity
Life Sciences
Systems and Integrative Physiology
Life Sciences

abstract: Aging involves the progressive decline of physical performance and effective metabolic regulation. To date, dietary interventions to slow this deterioration have shown limited success. I tested the effectiveness of a complex dietary supplement (that targets five key mechanisms of aging) for ameliorating age-related declines in physical activity, metabolism and energetic efficiency in mice. Supplemented mice maintained youthful levels of daily physical activity in old age, compared with a progressive decline in untreated controls. The diet also influenced aspects of metabolic rate, as supplemented mice showed age-related increases in fasting oxygen consumption and respiratory quotient compared to declines in these biomarkers in untreated mice. Furthermore, oxygen consumption over 24-h was significantly lower in supplemented mice in spite of being more active than untreated mice. Taken in conjunction with higher resting respiratory exchange ratios across age, this suggests that supplemented mice may utilize more carbohydrate than lipid as an energy substrate and they may express increased metabolic efficiency. These results hold promise for augmenting youthful athleticism and extending geriatric functionality. I also assessed the impact of the supplement on age- related changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress in heart and kidney samples from normal (Nr) and transgenic (Tg) mice that over-express growth hormone. Measures of whole-tissue H2O2 in the heart showed no significant changes in Nr or Tg mice, but catalase activity was ~33% higher in supplemented Nr and Tg compared to untreated controls. Kidney tissue from Nr mice showed significant and opposite age-related trends of H2O2, increasing in supplemented mice and decreasing in untreated controls, however, no changes were observed in Tg mice. Catalase activity in kidney tissue remained unchanged in both genotypes regardless of diet. Furthermore, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was 43% higher in urine from older (>12 months-old) supplemented mice, indicative of substantially lower whole-body oxidative status. Lastly, older supplemented mice showed improved whole-body glucose tolerance compared with untreated counterparts. These results confirm that the supplement reduces aspects oxidative stress and improves insulin sensitivity, two of the key design criteria for formulating the supplement. This work represents proof of principle that complex dietary supplements can extend functional capacities associated with metabolism and energetic efficiency into older ages.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: Problems with Incompressibility in Finite Element Analysis

contributor:
Stolle, D.
Civil Engineering

subject: incompressibility finite element low order

subject: Civil Engineering

subject: Geotechnical Engineering

subject: Civil Engineering

abstract:
Within this study, low order finite elements were applied to problems with (near) incompressible material behaviour. Solutions were obtained for creep, using transient and dynamic iterative solvers with volumetric strain enhancement algorithms, as well as a flow solution obtained using the fractional step method. To enhance creep algorithm performance, a radial return procedure was implemented.

Preliminary results show that the fraction step method and dynamic iterative solver implementing dynamic relaxation provided adequate results, while other methods required improvement. Volumetric strain enhancement was insufficient to correct pressure drift when using transient analysis. The fractional step method was able to provide good results, but is sensitive to time step and initial stress field.

A thorough evaluation of convergence criteria was conducted through tracking of norms and errors. The trend of norms was used to evaluate the number of iterations required to reach steady-state. The solution acquired from the method of successive approximations was improved and quality pressure plots were obtained, in contrast to the experience from the preliminary analysis.

An analysis of the Barnes ice cap was conducted to verify formulation performance in the context of a real problem. Dynamic relaxation provided results closest to the measured trend and values.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: KINETIC STUDY OF DROPLET

contributor:
Coley, Kenneth
Gordon Irons  and Nikolas Provatas
Materials Science and Engineering

subject:
reaction
kinetic
metal droplets
swelling
BOF steelmaking
slag
Metallurgy
Metallurgy

abstract:
Considerable attention has been paid to the reaction between molten iron oxide containing slag and iron droplets or solid carbon due to the critical roles it plays in various metallurgical processes. However, during the last two decades, most of the studies have been carried out on iron droplets, for which the size remains constant. Another important phenomenon, that the droplet will swell has not been paid the same attention. Knowledge of the extent of droplet swelling is essential in predicting residence times in BOF steelmaking. The objective of this study is to develop the understanding for droplet swelling and produce a predictive model that predicts droplet swelling over the range of oxygen steelmaking conditions.

Several workers have observed swelling of high carbon droplets when exposed to oxidizing slags. In the present work, the measurements on swelling rates were made using X-ray fluoroscopy. Comparing the swelling rate with the total volume of gas evolved during the reaction, it is shown that only a small percentage of the gas generated is retained in the droplet to contribute to swelling. The gas generation rate is shown to be controlled by the rate of nucleation of CO bubbles inside the droplet. The critical supersaturation pressure for nucleation is found to be two orders of magnitude less than predicted from theory, which is in keeping with many other studies on nucleation of gases in liquids. However, the effect of surface tension, temperature and saturation pressure shows quantitative agreement with theory.

In order to predict the droplet swelling rate, CO bubble escape rate has to be known. In this research, the escape mechanism has been proposed; it is the film rupture around the iron droplet surface. The rupture rate is mainly influenced by viscosity, surface tension and bubble size. For a given experimental condition, the calculated film thickness is 1.5 μm at the maximum drop diameter, assuming the bubble radius is 0.3 mm. The CO escape rate is 2.51 cm3/s, it agrees well with 1 to 12 cm3/s when gas escapes from steelmaking slags considering the differences of surface tensions and viscosities between metal and slag.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Atria Geometries

contributor:
Lightstone, Marilyn
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
numerical analysis
cfd
atria
fluid flow
heat transfer
building
Computer-Aided Engineering and Design
Energy Systems
Heat Transfer, Combustion
Mechanical Engineering
Other Mechanical Engineering
Computer-Aided Engineering and Design

abstract: The design, simulation, and analysis of a reference atrium using ComputationalFluid Dynamics (CFD) are presented. Atria geometries can be observed in manybuildings but their understanding from an energy perspective is not fully understood.Due to the many physical phenomena occurring within these atria, it is often difficult toassess the thermal comfort, energy consumption, and functionality of an atrium's design.The scale of an atrium’s structure coupled with dynamic physical phenomena creates acomplex problem to solve. One particular tool that is useful in solving for detailedenergy quantities is CFD. Validation studies have been conducted using previousexperimental atria data to ensure confidence in the predictions. These validation studieswere successful and also provided further insight on turbulence models, glazing systems,HVAC systems, thermal mass, and fluid flow and heat transfer behavior in atriageometries. A design for a reference atrium located in Toronto, Canada was thensimulated for typical summer and winter conditions using various configurations forglazing, solar heat flux, wall materials, occupant load, and HVAC. These simulationsprovide a realistic analysis of the reference atria and conclusions for the behavior of thereference atria are made.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Rigid Designation and Reference

contributor:
Wilson, Neil L.
Philosophy

subject: Philosophy Philosophy

abstract: This thesis seeks to provide a theory of reference which preserves the lack of non-rigid uses of proper names and, at the same time, takes into account the social character of naming. The theories of reference which we examine in this thesis either fail to preserve the rigidity of names or ignore the social character of names (usually both) or provide an incorrect principle of decipherment for proper names. Thus, the Description theory and the different versions of the Cluster theory of names suffer from the first two defects, while the Historical Explanation theory and the Causal theory of names provide an incorrect principle of decipherment for referentially ambiguous proper names. The importance of preserving the lack of non-rigid uses of proper names emerges in connection with the problem of trans-world identity. Following Kripke we argue that the problem of trans-world identity which arises in connection with the applied formal semantics for quantified modal logic can be dealt with by means of the notion of a rigid designator. More precisely, we argue that although Quine is correct in thinking that quantified modal logic is committed to some form of essentialism, his failure to come to terms with essentialism is rooted in the fact that he is unable to make sense of the very basic idea of a thing's having certain properties necessarily and independently of the means by which the thing is denoted and the property expressed. However, once we make a distinction between the need to provide a criterion of trans-world identify and the requirement that we make sense of the notion of one and the same object in different counter-factual situations, the problem of trans-world identity admits of an easy solution.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: INVOLVEMENT OF SRC TYROSINE KINASE AND CALCIUM-HANDLING IN AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING

contributor: Medical Sciences (Division of Physiology/Pharmacology)

subject:
asthma
airway smooth muscle
contraction
airway hyperresponsiveness
src kinase
store-operated calcium entry
Circulatory and Respiratory Physiology
Medical Molecular Biology
Circulatory and Respiratory Physiology

abstract:
Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that is becoming more prevalent. Airway hyperresponsivness, a key feature of asthma, involves increased narrowing of the airways in response to bronchoconstricting agents. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) functioning is largely responsible for hyperresponsiveness yet the mechanisms behind excitation-contraction coupling are not fully understood. Src tyrosine kinase contributes to contraction in other smooth muscle types. Furthermore, STIM1, Orai1, IPLA2b and RyRs play a role in ASM excitation-contraction coupling.

Aim

We sought to determine whether Src activity is involved in serotonin (5-HT)- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced ASM contraction. We also examined whether the gene expression of molecules involved in sarcoplasmic reticulum emptying and refilling is altered during airway hyperresponsiveness.

Methods

Bovine tracheal ASM strips were pre-treated with the non-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (10-4 M), src kinase family inhibitors PP1 (10-5 M) and PP2 (10-5 M) or vehicle and challenged with either 5-HT or ACh to determine the involvment of Src in contraction. Western blotting was used to examine Src activity following 5-HT or ACh treatment. Female BALB/c mice were exposed to an intranasal injection of [1.7mg/ml] HDM extract or saline. Real time, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to examine gene expression.

Results

Genistein, PP1 and PP2 significantly reduced 5-HT-induced ASM contractions and Src activity was significantly increased in response to 5-HT. ACh-induced contractions were significantly reduced by genistein, but not PP1 and PP2. However, Src activity was significantly increased by ACh. RyR3 mRNA expression was significantly increased, Orai1 was significantly decreased, and STIM1, IPLA2b, RyR1 and RyR2 were unchanged by the house dust mite treatment.

Conclusion

These data suggets 5-HT-induced ASM contraction involves Src activity. However, ACh-induced ASM contractions might not require Src. The changes in RyR3 and Orai1 expression might alter Ca2+-handling in such a way as to potentiate airway hyperresponsiveness but further investigation is required.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: BASE ISOLATION USING STABLE UNBONDED FIBRE REINFORCED ELASTOMERIC ISOLATORS (SU-FREI)

contributor:
Tait, Michael
Civil Engineering

subject: Base isolation

subject: Isolation

subject: FREI

subject: SU-FREI

subject: Stable Unbonded Fibre Reinforced Elastomeric Isolator

subject: Civil Engineering

subject: Structural Engineering

subject: Civil Engineering

abstract:
Seismic isolation is a seismic design philosophy that aims to reduce the demand on structures as opposed to increasing their capacity to endure forces. Seismic isolation can be achieved by placing isolating bearings with relatively low stiffness compared to the structure itself beneath the superstructure. This low stiffness layer increases the structural period, shifting the structure into a period range of low seismic energy content.

The objectives of this research were to investigate the dynamic properties, durability and limitations of stable unbonded fibre reinforced elastomeric isolator (SU-FREI) bearings. Vertical compression testing indicated the bearings possessed adequate vertical stiffness. Due to lack of bonding at the bearing interface surfaces rollover deformation was observed to occur during lateral cyclic testing. This response behaviour was found to result in advantageous effective lateral stiffness and damping properties. The bearings maintained stability during rollout testing while serviceability and fatigue testing both conformed to code specified test specimen adequacy limitations. Experimental shake table testing showed that the isolated structure behaved essentially as a rigid body during testing. Test results showed that a SU‐FREI isolation system significantly reduced the seismic demand on the structure.

Modelling of the bearings dynamic properties was completed using a bilinear model and a backbone curve model. Both models showed adequate results in predicting experimental peak responses. A simplified design spectrum analysis was presented and used to model the structure in four Canadian cities. This design spectrum analysis approach showed adequate capabilities in predicting peak response values, such that the method could be used in preliminary analysis and design of isolated structures.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: Multinuclear NMR Studies of Ion Mobility Pathways in Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

contributor:
Goward, Gillian R.
Bain, Alex D.
Chemistry and Chemical Biology

subject:
lithium ion battery
cathode
MAS NMR
solid-state
paramagnetic shift
Materials Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Materials Chemistry

abstract: This thesis investigates the structure and ion mobility properties within the phosphate and fluorophosphate family of cathode materials for Li ion batteries using solid-state NMR. Developments in lithium ion battery technology are now directed towards automotive applications meaning that many of the cost and safety issues associated with current lithium ion battery technology need to be addressed. Within the current systems the high cost is largely attributed to the use of LiCoO2 as the positive electrode. Many new and inexpensive Li intercalation materials have been put forward as alternatives to LiCoO2, however the details concerning the structural and ion-transport properties of these new phases are not well defined. 6,7Li, 31P, and 19F NMR measurements are an ideal tool to study these properties, as 6,7Li is able to probe the local environment and dynamics of the mobile ion while 31P and 19F monitor changes in the host framework. Materials selected for study in this thesis include olivine LiFePO4, monoclinic Li3M2(PO4)3 (M = V, Fe), the tavorite-based Li2VPO4F and Li2VOPO4, and the novel layered Li5V(PO4)2F2. The fluorophosphates have been introduced as higher voltage cathode materials for lithium batteries, however our 6,7Li 1D selective inversion and 2D EXSY measurements reveal timescales of ion hopping that are relatively slow when compared to those measured in the phosphates. This indicates that the improved power output from the voltage gains may be lost to slow charge/discharge rates.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Structural and Functional Studies of hAPTX

contributor:
Junop, Murray
Justin Nodwell, XuDong Zhu
Biochemistry

subject:
APTX
DNA Repair
Crystallography
Protein Purification
Biochemical Assay
Radioactivity
Biochemistry
Structural Biology
Biochemistry

abstract: DNA integrity is continuously compromised by cellular metabolic activity and environmental factors resulting in many lesions per cell per day (Lindahl et al.,2009). If left unrepaired or if repaired improperly, these lesions pose an obstacle to cellular transcription and replication. In due course, DNA damage may lead to mutations and genomic instability that will eventually threaten the viability of the cell and organism and can lead to tumour formation and neurological disorders (Rass et al., 2006). Aprataxin (Aptx) is a conserved factor in DNA repair required for the repair of damaged DNA following abortive DNA ligation (Date et al., 2001; Moreira et al 2001). Aptx initiates repair by processing adenylated DNA ligation events via its unique AMP lysine hydrolase activity (Rass et al 2006). Inability of Aptx to carry out these functions has been shown to be the causative agent in the neurological diseases, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (Takahashi et al 2007, Yoon et al 2008, and Ferrarini et al., 2007). Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of Aptx has not been established and the full extent of its function(s) (i.e. binding to DNA or other proteins) is not fully understood. In order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism governing Aptx, further functional and structural analysis is required. Here, it was found that Aptx has deadenylation activity that is further supported by the crystal structure of ATPX-DNA-AMP-Zn2+. Importantly, work reported in this thesis describes for the first time methods for expression and purification of large quantities of high quality human Aptx from bacterial cells. This protein is shown to possess robust deadenylation activity, suitable for further in vitro screening of small molecule inhibitors.

abstract: Master of Science (MSc)


title: HUNGER IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND CONTESTATION IN THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF FOOD SECURITY

contributor: Political Science - International Relations

subject:
Global Governance
Agriculture and Food
Hunger
International Organizations
United Nations
World Trade Organization
International Relations
International Trade
Political Economy
International Relations

abstract: Rising levels of food insecurity is currently one of the most pressing issues in global politics. While the United Nations (UN) system has traditionally been responsible for addressing world hunger, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has emerged as a major site of global food security governance. As a result, the UN system and WTO now share authority over the global governance of food security. There are major tensions between these two regimes, with WTO trade rules making agriculture and food increasingly subject to market forces, while, in sharp contrast, the UN advances a human rights approach to food and a greater role for states and deeper constraints on the market. The WTO’s expanding authority over food security has prompted a counter-movement by the UN system, with UN institutions actively seeking to shape WTO trade rules in an attempt to limit the negative impacts of trade liberalization on world food security. This study develops a theory of international organizations as semi-autonomous actors that influence outcomes at competing institutional sites of global governance. This theoretical model, and its supporting empirical investigation, provide a novel contribution to the International Relations and International Political Economy literature on the role of state and non-state actors in contesting global governance. In particular, this study demonstrates that international organizations: act behind the scenes and in hidden ways in inter-state negotiations; perceive and adapt to new hierarchical configurations of power at the global level; and, engage in transnational political action that is motivated by moral and ethical concerns.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: Characterization and Modeling of Rubbing Friction in a Motored Four-Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine

contributor:
Habibi, S. R.
Mechanical Engineering

subject:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

abstract:
While many aspects of the internal combustion engine contribute to its fuel efficiency, internal friction warrants special attention due to the relatively large degree of losses it represents, as well as a nearly universal application to all engines. Internal friction is therefore an important consideration in the design of modern engines and will remain so in the conventionally powered and hybrid vehicles of the near future.

Measurement and characterization of internal engine friction is a significant first step towards engine modeling, attempts to reduce friction, and further applications related to engine condition monitoring or control. In order to measure the friction losses internal to a Ford 2.0L 4-cylinder engine a dedicated dynamometer test stand was designed and constructed. This test stand allowed the direct measurement of the frictional losses encountered by the engine in the motored state from low to moderate speeds. This data was then used to update and fit a physical, component-based friction model to the engine. A complete engine model known as the mean value engine model (MVEM) was then augmented with the verified friction model for simulation of the running engine. Its predictions were compared to a limited amount of available fired-engine data, demonstrating a general fit which could be improved with additional data.

The dynamometer test stand created is a viable tool for future engine friction testing, especially with partial engine disassembly or varying engine oil (operating) temperatures, or for future investigations of other rotating equipment.

abstract: Master of Applied Science (MASc)


title: The Fairest Cape: Lady Anne Lindsay Barnard's Written and Pictoral Representations of the Cape of Good Hope in 18th Century South Africa

contributor:
Bowebank, Sylivia
English

subject:
English
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: Lady Anne Lindsay Barnard is a little known travel writer of the late 18th century. She travelled to the Cape of Good Hope with her husband Andrew Barnard in 1797 to become a part of the new British government there. Barnard held a very powerful position i n the Cape, not only due to her positionality as an educated, noble, white woman, but as the official hostess of the British government. During this initial occupation, the future of the Cape as a British colony remained uncertain. Barnard's letters to Lord Dundas and Viscount Melville were essential in providing information on the Cape related to its viability as a colony. It is the aim of this thesis to understand her role as an advocate of colonial practice in the Cape. In particular, this thesis seeks to uncover her complex use of discourses of nature , landscape, gender, race, and class in both her letters and pictorial representations.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Reparations to Africa: Examining the African Viewpoint

contributor:
Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E.
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology Sociology

abstract: This thesis explores African opinion on Western reparations to Africa and investigates the prospects and challenges facing a social movement for African reparations. The findings are based on an analysis of 41 semi-structured interviews conducted with, for the most part, African human rights activists, academics, ambassadors to the USA and three members of the Group of Eminent Persons, mandated to advocate reparations to Africa. Respondents were asked about their personal feelings towards reparations and the "West," and about what shape reparations should take. Key themes from the interviews demonstrated a strong desire for "rehabilitative" reparations beyond merely words of apology or acknowledgement. From these results, concepts from existing reparations theory and frameworks are tested and expanded. An investigation of the advocacy literature demonstrates that advocates for reparations to Africa will face a number of challenges with respect to political opportunities, mobilization and framing for a successful social movement for reparations.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Tripartite Bargaining Model: The Struggle to Organise Migrant Farmworkers

contributor:
Wells, D.
Work and Society

subject:
Work and Society
Work, Economy and Organizations
Work, Economy and Organizations

abstract: This dissertation analyses the issues concerning strategies for improving the working and living conditions of migrant farmworkers in the United States and Canada. By comparing the tripartite and sharecropping models in commercial agriculture, it is demonstrated that unionisation and three-way collective bargaining are efficient and proven techniques for increasing workplace standards for migrant farmworkers. The tripartitc model separates agriculture into three discernable actors: food corporations, growers and farmworkers. While some agricultural sectors are dominated by corporate entities which combine both production and processing operations, other sectors such as cucumbers and tomatoes are characterised by large processing corporations which are supplied by commercial growers. Without the presence of food corporations in collective bargaining, many growers are unable to provide for better working conditions for migrant farmworkers. The Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC) has significantly established the only tripartite labour relations framework in North American agriculture. FLOC has used commercial boycotts for more than two decades, in order to pressure food corporations to participate in collective bargaining with migrant farmworkers. The union is presently conducting a national boycott of the Mt. Olive Pickle Company in North Carolina, a campaign which aims to bring the company to the bargaining table and to put an end to the sharecropping model in the state's cucumber industry.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Custom-built rigs, customized conciousness among women truck drivers

contributor:
Cuneo, Carl
Sociology

subject: Sociology Sociology

abstract: This research examines a specific form of gender consciousness among women truck drivers that emerges from the social relations of work and" the social relations of gender. Through in depth interviewing of women truck drivers in Ontario, valuable information was gathered that reveals the motivations for entering this occupation, the social relations within the family, and the structural constraints on women who work in this nontraditional occupation. The focus of this study encompasses both paid labour and unpaid household responsibilities, and the interconnections between the two, as women consciously attempt to balance this workload. In both workplaces, class and gender relations predominate in discussions related to the structural constraints placed on women. However, the most remarkable discovery is the manner in which women truck drivers borrow beliefs and ideas from two competing gender ideologies in order to justify their own lives. By meticulously selecting contradictory ideas and values from both patriarchal and feminist ideology, these women create an individual customized gender consciousness· that is constructed to suit their own material existence. This research, therefore, synthesizes both gender consciousness and the working lives of women truck drivers--two topics of which very little information has previously been documented, particularly from a Canadian perspective.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Dependence of Δ₀ and Tc on α² (Ω) F (Ω)

contributor:
Carbotte, J.P.
Physics

subject: Physics Physics

abstract: We have applied the method of N-point Padé approximants to calculate the zero temperature gap edge Δ₀ from the solutions of the Eliashberg equations on the imaginary frequency axis for over thirty isotropic or 'dirty' superconductors. The same method was used in the numerical calculations of the functional derivative δΔ₀/δα² (Ω) F (Ω) for several 'dirty' superconductors. Using this functional derivative and the functional derivative of the superconducting critical temperature Tc with respect to the electron-phonon spectral function, δTc/δα² (Ω) F (Ω), we have also calculated the functional derivative δ(2Δ₀/KBTc)/ δα² (Ω) F (Ω). The universal shape of these functions should prove useful in correlating changes in the zero temperature gap edge Δ₀ and the ratio 2Δ₀/KBTc with small changes in the electron-phonon spectral function α² (Ω) F (Ω) with pressure, alloying, increasing disorder, etc.

abstract: Master of Science (MS)


title: Nonlinear State Estimation with Application to Communication Satellites

contributor:
Sinha, N.K.
Electrical Engineering

subject:
Electrical and Electronics
Electrical and Electronics

abstract: The problem of estimating the states of a dynamical system on the basis of output measurements is considered in detail. Some of the existing nonlinear estimation techniques are critically surveyed, these include the extended Kalman filter, the second-order filter, the innovations approach, and the invariant imbedding nonlinear filter. A new algorithm for nonlinear estimation is proposed which combines the invariant imbedding approach and the stochastic approximation algorithm for adaptively estimating the filter gain. The new algorithm is an iterative scheme which does not require knowledge of a priori input and measurement noise statistics. The proposed algorithm and the other techniques are used for the recursive state estimation of a satellite orbital trajectory. The results of simulation indicate the efficiency and reliability of the new algorithm. Convergence to the true state is achieved with much less computation when compared to the other methods.

abstract: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)


title: T. E. Bissell of Elora, Ontario: A Small Town Manufacturer and his Millieu

contributor:
Weaver, John C.
History

subject: History History History

abstract: With about $3,000 of his savings and a set of plans, T.E. Bissell began to manufacture disk harrows in 1894. When he sold the business thirty-four years later, he had become the largest disk harrow manufacturer in Canada. By an analysis of the financial structure, technology and marketing strategies of the firm, this paper identifies the policies that enabled Bissell to resist the trend to consolidation and to prosper as an independent farm implement manufacturer. The single-line specialization of this firm allowed it to exist under the umbrella of the larger manufacturers, who generally regarded the Bissell disk harrow as complementary to their own lines of implements. Bissell's entrepreneurial personality effectively placed limits upon the growth of the firm. He was obsessed with control and security, sought to dominate all aspects of the business, and was incapable of delegation of authority. Overall, Bissell was a type of entrepreneur who harkened back to an earlier generation of industrialist. Much of the success of his firm derives from the strong ties between himself and his firm, and the characteristics of his community, the village of Elora. In the twentieth century, this style of industrial agrarianism could persist much more easily in a small town than in a city. It accounts for both the success of Bissell and the failure of later absentee owners of the business.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: TRANSNATIONAL GOVERNANCE AND THE CHALLENGES FOR LABOUR ORGANISATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: TOWARDS A MEANINGFUL SOCIAL DIMENSION?

contributor:
O`Brien, R.
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
The primary goal of the thesis is to examine the role ofthe European labour movement as

policy coordinator at the trarisnationallevel of governance and to analyse the significance

of labour-related collective action for the development of the Social Dimension. The first

chapter provides a literature review outlining the obstacles that constrain labour

organisation at the European level, as well as a description of the analytical framework

utilised in the thesis to assess the importance of transnational labour activity for the

Social Dimension. Chapters two and three constitute the core of the thesis, with the focus

of analysis centred on the strategic orientation of the labour movement as both social

partner and social movement organisation. By differentiating between the two roles,

social partner and social movement, the thesis explores the impact of labour-related

collective action on the European decision-making process; the distinction between

strategies of transnational labour activity highlights the emergence of a traditional model

oftrade unionism and alternative forms of labour organisation between trade unions and

nongovernmental organisations. Data for the case study is drawn from primary and

secondary sources and involves both descriptive and interpretive content analysis of

European official documents as well as on-line databases and web pages. The findings

suggest that the European labour movement has made significant progress in influencing

the direction of European integration so as to include a social dimension. However,

labour's access to the decision-making process continues to be limited by the shifting

political opportunity structure that defines transnational governance in the European

Union. The thesis concludes with an explanation of the broader implications of

transnational labour-related collective activity for capital-labour relations and the policy

making process that go beyond the boundaries of the nation-state.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: U.S. Domestic Interests and The Latin American Debt Crisis

contributor:
Underhill, Geoffrey
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract: The most recent Latin American debt crisis is a fascinating political phenomenon because it demonstrates very convincingly the complexity of the relationship between economics and politics. The rapid growth of u.s. commercial bank lending to Latin American governments in the 1970s helped to make many banks vulnerable to the decisions of Latin American government officials. Given that many of the most vulnerable banks were also the largest in the American and international financial systems, the u.s. government had an understandable interest in devising means and goals to manage the situation once the Mexican financial crisis unfolded in 1982. The goals and means chosen over the next several years reflected a special consideration for the largest American commercial banks, and clear apathy for the interest of other American and Latin American interests. To understand the choices made by U.S. government officials, one has to understand the relationship between the American government and u.s. commercial banks in general, and with the largest u.s. commercial banks in particular.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Community Struggles and Contradictions in the Welfare State

contributor:
Fincher, Ruth
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: This thesis attempts to identify the nature of the relationship between community-based collective action and the social context within which it is found. A marxist/realist framework for analysis is employed to develop a model illustrating the links between these phenomena, and between each and the causal mechanisms underlying capitalist society. Given the role of government agencies in structuring community life, the welfare state is seen to be the key connection between underlying structure and the elements of the level of experience. Empirical evidence is drawn from a study of community organizing by the single parent population of the Jane-Finch area of Metropolitan Toronto. Here, collective action is a response by a community- and service-dependent population to a social context affected greatly by the policies adopted by the institutions of the welfare state. In turn, collective initiatives launched by Jane-F inch's single parents have led to change, through ameliorating certain social conditions or creating an environment favourable for further community struggle. At the same time, however, social context influences the nature of community responses, and plays a role In determining their potential. In Jane-Finch, the welfare state plays a role here also; the capacity of the community's voluntary sector is severely limited by the fiscal restraint and bureaucratic organization characteristic of the relevant state agencies.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Press and the Property Tax in England: 1812-1816

contributor:
Fritz, P.S.
History

subject: History History

abstract:
Modern wars can be financed by two methods, debt and taxes. Throughout the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the British sought to fund their wars by a mixture of the two, developing a sophisticated method of contracting and redeeming the national debt. The wars which Britain fought against Revolutionary and Napoleonic France during the period 1793-1815 were of unparalleled expense. To meet these costs, the British borrowed more heavily, and taxed themselves at a greater rate, than ever before in modern history. The most notable example of the increased tax burdens was the property tax, first introduced by the Younger Pitt in 1798, and renewed in 1803, following the collapse of the 1802 Treaty of Amiens.

The tax was detested by those required to pay it. While willing to bear heavy levels of wartime taxation to deliver themselves from Bonaparte's tyranny, they objected to the nature of this tax. They felt it to be 'inquisitorial' and 'inequitable.' At the end of the war, they twice opposed its continuation, and were aided in this by the newspaper press. This thesis focuses upon that protest, delineating the arguments against the tax, and showing the protest to have been widespread. While some historians have seen this protest as orchestrated and incited by the Whig party, it is revealed here as a much more spontaneous and undirected phenomenon.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Government policies in South Africa on the housing of black people and on squatter settlements

contributor:
King, L.J.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract: Squatting is a common phenomenon, but its nature is different under various social-economic systems. This thesis emphasizes the need for careful consideration and identification of these different features and calls for a reorientation of the strategies adopted towards the alleviation of squatting. The study begins with a description of the geography of squatting in South Africa emphasizing the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vaal region which is the major industrial region. It then reviews the Government policies that were used to address the urban black housing backlog and the policy responses to squatter settlements in South Africa. This review involves a description of the historical development of the present social - economic structure of the South African community, which is seen as a basis for an explanation of the urban black-housing backlog and squatting. An examination of the legislation associated with black urbanisation in general is made. This legislation is used as a point of reference for the development of an explanation of the nature of squatting and its persistence. Based on this understanding of the social-economic structure of South Africa and urban black housing, an evaluation of the Government policies is made and certain possible solutions to South African squatting are recommended.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: The Role of User Fees in Ontario Municipalities

contributor:
Jones, Mark Sproule
Political Science

subject:
Political Science
Political Science

abstract:
An examination of the fiscal structure of municipal governments, particularly in the Province of Ontario, reveals a pattern of development contrary to the perceived norm. The role of senior governmental transfers in reducing the dominance of property taxation as a total municipal revenue source has long been recognized. However, the belief exists, even among governmental officials, that property taxation remains the predominant source of total municipal own source revenue.

Analysis of municipal revenue sources shows that property taxation, even as a municipal own source revenue, has declined significantly. This decline is partially a result of increases in municipal own source revenues derived from user fees. This development has been largely unrecognized in the Province of Ontario, partly as a response to a previous study that was based on a questionable interpretation of municipal government in the structure of local government.

This study has examined user fees based on their theoretical development and their current and future importance. Particular attention is centered on a selected group of Ontario municipalities and on sewerage and certain recreational services in these municipalities. It is shown, that while the utilization of user fees has become fairly extensive, this has often occurred inconsistently among, and even within, municipalities.

In Ontario, user fees represent an opportunity for municipalities to attain real local autonomy in addressing particular issues of their communities. User fees have become a vital source of revenue to Ontario municipalities. However, while user fees· are generally applied in keeping with the principles of average cost pricing, there remain issues, regarding the types of costs targeted for recovery, which need to be addressed.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Investigation of Some Unresolved Issues in Freeway Capacity

contributor:
Hall, Fred L.
Geography

subject: Geography Geography

abstract:
Three issues related to the capacity of uninterrupted flow facilities are addressed using 52 days of detector data from one freeway, the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW) in Mississauga, west of Toronto. The first issue is that of a possible capacity drop in the bottleneck after the queue forms upstream. The results show that there is a drop, of 98 passenger cars per hour per lane (pcphpl).

The second issue tackled is the distributional characteristics of queue discharge flow. Daily average morning peak flow rates and the peak 15-minute data were examined. The frequency histogram is not close to a Normal one. The mean and the median, contrarily, are very close to each other. The use of the mean value was therefore deemed appropriate. The distribution of speed was also looked at. At a distance of 1.5 kilometres from the bottleneck, the observed average travel speed of vehicles discharging from an upstream queue was 74 km/hour.

The third issue focuses on the definition of capacity, conceptually and numerically. Thirty-second, 5-minute and peak 15-minute flow data were used. Capacity flows were observed under two different conditions, free-flow and congested, or forced-flow. The findings that evolved from the data analysis indicate that if capacity refers to the highest flows sustained for at least 15 minutes, as suggested in the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), then it is conceptually sound to define capacity as pre-queue high flow. The practical implications of the capacity concept, however, make it very useful and equally valid to define capacity as the maximum queue discharge flow.

Using the mean values of 30-second flow data, the pre-queue capacity is 2,306 pcphpl which is rounded off to 2,300 pcphpl; for queue discharge flow, it is 2,200 pcphpl. (These values were weighted by the duration whereas the capacity drop value above was not).

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)


title: Narcissism in the Novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald

contributor:
Adamson, Joseph
English

subject:
English Language and Literature
English Language and Literature

abstract: This thesis begins with the observation that, despite structural and stylistic differences, Fitzgerald's novels are thematically similar. All of his protagonists search, ultimately in vain, for some aspect of their environment that will ensure them complete and lasting happiness. From the perspective of the self psychology of Heinz Kohut each is searching for that which will compensate for his own incomplete psychological development. As a result of dysfunctional relationships early in life, they are missing psychological structure that would allow them to regulate their sense of self-esteem from within. But because they are deficient, they depend on the responses of others for self-validation. This condition leads to a heightened sense of self-consciousness; they are, more so than healthy individuals, acutely aware of and responsive to social recognition. And, because of the immensity of their psychological demands, it is ultimately the inability of the environment to respond adequately that results in their various downfalls.

abstract: Master of Arts (MA)